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BIOGRAPHICAL  AND  PORTRAIT 

CYCLOPEDIA 

OF  THE 

Nineteenth  Congressional  District 

PENNSYLVANIA 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHLS    OF    PROMINENT    AND    REPRESENTATIVE 
CITIZENS    OF   THE    DISTRICT 


TOGETHER  WITH  AN 


NTRODUCTORY  HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


SAMUEL  T,  WILEY,   Esq, 

Author  of  Histories  oS  Niagara  and  Washitigton  Counties^  New  York;  Preston 
and  Monongalia  Counties^  West  Virginia;  Somerset,  Middlesex  and  Mon- 
mouth Counties,  New  Jersey;  Pensacola   City,  Florida;    and  Fay- 
ette^ Westmoreland,  Blair,   Indiana,  Armstrong,  Schuyl- 
kill, Chester,  Delaware  and  Montgomery  Counties, 
Pennsylvania. 


^5^  5"  y  Storage 


FIRST  EDITION. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

C.  A.  RUOFF  COMPANY, 

1897. 


PRESS  OF  YORK  DAII,Y,  YORK,  PA. 


lA 


Q 


PREFACE. 


HISTORY  and  biography — the  life  of  the  nation  and  the  story  of  the  indi- 
vidual— are  inseparably  connected,  for  history  is  the  synthesis  of  biog- 
raphy and  biography  is  the  analysis  of  history.  That  department  of  his- 
tory to  which  is  accredited  most  value  for  the  intelligent  study  of  national  life  is 
biography,  because  it  affords  the  most  potent  means  of  historical  generalization. 

Biographical  history  is  now  popular  because  important.  It  secured  national 
recognition  in  the  Centennial  year  of  the  American  Republic,  when  Congress  recom- 
mended to  every  city,  town  and  county  of  the  United  States  the  necessity  and  duty 
of  securing  for  preservation  and  future  use  their  local  history  and  the  biographies  of 
their  prominent  and  worthy  citizens.  Biography  teaches  the  highest  good  by  pre- 
senting worthy  examples,  has  become  an  indispensable  element  of  all  branches  of 
history  and  largely  aids  in  the  study  of  social  philosophy.  In  its  earlier  stages  of 
growth,  biography  was  only  the  story  of  the  lives  of  heroes  and  great  men  often  but 
partly  and  partially  told,  but  in  its  later  development  it  is  the  more  impartial  and 
satisfactory  record  of  the  influential,  the  deserving  and  the  useful  men  and  women 
in  every  walk  of  life.  It  also  preserves  the  names  of  thousands  remarkable  foj- 
wisdom,  virtue,  intelligence  and  ability,  who  only  lacked  opportunity  to  have  won 
something  of  fame  and  distinction. 

History  and  biography  have  ceased  to  be  ponderous  and  pompous;  have  ceased 
to  be  the  story  of  monarchy  and  the  record  of  kings,  and  are  now  the  life  of  the 
nation  through  the  chronicle  of  individual  effort.  The  old  idea  that  the  history  of 
a  country  is  contained  in  the  records  of  its  kings  and  conquests  is  being  supplanted  ; 
the  real  history  of  a  country  or  a  State  or  a  community  is  a  history  of  its  people, 
their  fortunes,  enterprises,  conditions  and  customs.  To  the  last  quarter  of  a  century 
we  are  indebted  for  the  introduction  of  the  admirable  system  of  local  biography, 
through  the  medium  of  which  the  present  generation  is  enabled  to  leave  a  record 
that  will  be  perpetuated  while  books  last  and  men  read.  Surely  and  rapidly  our 
common  progenitors  are  passing  to  their  graves.  The  number  remaining  who  can 
relate  the  incidents  of  the  first  days  of  settlement  is  becoming  small  indeed,  so  that 
an   actual   necessity   exists   for  the   collection   and  preservation  of  personal  records 


4  Preface. 

without  delay.  It  is  imperative  that  we  perpetuate  the  names  of  these  pioneers — 
their  struggles,  their  obstacles,  their  fortunes  and  the  story  of  their  progress.  No 
less  important  is  a  chronicle  of  the  lives  of  those  persons  who  have  impressed  them- 
selves upon  their  respective  communities,  whether  through  philanthropic,  profes- 
sional, industrial,  political  or  civic  relations.  The  civilization  of  our  day,  the 
enlightenment  of  the  age,  and  the  duty  that  men  of  the  present  time  owe  to  their 
ancestors,  to  themselves  and  to  their  posterity,  demand  that  such  a  record  be  made. 

The  foregoing  principles  and  sentiments  form  the  principal  justification  for  the 
following  pages.  Whatever  of  merit  they  contain  is  due  to  the  plan  and  purpose  of 
the  work  satisfactorily  consummated ;  whatever  of  failure  to  meet  our  fullest  ex- 
pectations, is  due  to  the  lack  of  intelligent  cooperation  which  must  in  every  instance 
be  accorded  in  order  to  produce  the  highest  results. 

The  Nineteenth  Congressional  District  occupies  an  important  and  honorable 
position  in  the  Keystone  State  and  demands  the  best  work  upon  the  part  of  historian, 
biographer  and  publisher.  Neither  time,  labor  nor  expense  have  been  spared  in  the 
preparation  of  this  volume,  and  it  is  placed  before  the  public  with  the  belief  that  it 
will  be  found  equal  to  any  work  of  similar  character  published  in  the  State.  No 
originality  is  claimed  either  in  plan,  method  or  material,  but  a  judicious  re-arrange- 
ment of  much  valuable  historical  and  biographical  data  it  is  hoped  will  meet  with  a 
fair,  if  not  hearty,  commendation. 

The  geology  and  mineralogy  given  is  taken  largely  from  the  volumes  of  the 
Second  Geological  Survey  of  Pennsylvania  ;  for  the  historical  chapters  as  well  as  for 
a  number  of  historical  biographies  the  excellent  histories  of  York  county,  edited  re- 
spectively by  Hon.  John  Gibson  and  Hon.  Adam  J.  Glossbrenner  have  been  freely 
consulted ;  the  recent  histories  of  Cumberland  and  Adams  Counties  have  likewise 
contributed  their  share.  For  special  contributions  the  publishers  are  indebted  to 
Prof  Charles  F.  Himes,  Ph.  D.,  John  A.  Hoober,  Esq.,  Prof.  E.  S.  Breidenbaugh^ 
Sc.  D.,  Bennett  Bellman,  Esq.,  and  Dr.  J.  C.  Davis. 

Produced  by  a  vast  amount  of  careful  and  diligent  labor,  the  Cyclopedia  sup- 
plies a  general  and  permanent  want,  and  contains  no  information  that  will  become 
obsolete  through  the  advance  of  knowledge.  It  seeks  to  preserve  all  of  value  in  the 
past  and  yet  includes  the  contemporary  actors  who  are  performing  the  work  and 
moulding  the  present  thought  of  their  respective  communities  in  the  various  lines 
of  progress  and  development. 

THE   PUBUSHERS. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 

OF    THE 

Nineteenth  Congressional  District, 

F»E;  N  N  S  Y I^  V  J^rsl  I  .A. . 


CHAPTER  I. 


Geography Topography — Geology — Mineralogy — Botany — Zoology — Political 

Divisions — Natural  Resources. 


Geography.  The  present  Nineteenth 
Congressional  district  of  Pennsylvania, 
consisting  of  the  counties  of  Cumberland, 
Adams,  and  York,  is  situated  in  the  south- 
ern part  of  the  State,  and  lies  betvv'een  the 
thirty-ninth  and  forty-first  parallels  of 
north  latitude,  and  the  seventy-sixth  and 
seventy-eighth  meridians  of  west  longitude 
from  Greenwich,  England,  or  the  first  mer- 
idians of  east  and  west  longitude  from 
Washington  city  As  the  nineteenth  of 
the  twenty-eight  Congressional  divisions 
of  Pennsylvania,  this  district  is  bounded 
on  the  north  by  Perry  and  Dauphin  coun- 
ties of  the  Fourteenth  district;  on  the  east 
by  Lancaster  county  constituting  the 
Tenth  district;  on  the  south  by  Harford, 
Baltimore,  Carroll  and  Frederick  counties, 
Maryland;  and  on  the  west  by  Franklin 
county  of  the  Eighteenth  Congressional 
district.  The  Nineteenth  Congressional 
contains  two  thousand  six  (2006)  square 
miles  of  area,  while  its  geographical  center 


is  south  of  York  Springs  in  Adams  and 
its  center  of  population  near  York  in  York 
county.  It  comprises  the  Twenty-eighth 
and  Thirty-second  senatorial,  and  the 
Ninth,  Nineteenth  and  Forty-second  judi- 
cial districts,  and  is  entitled  to  eight  repre- 
sentatives; two  from  Cumberland,  two 
from  Adams  and  four  from  York  county. 
It  is  a  part  of  the  Second  and  Seventh 
State  normal  school  districts,  York  county 
being  in  the  former  and  Cumberland  and 
Adams  in  the  latter  district. 

Topography.  The  Ninteenth  district 
lies  in  the  western  part  of  the  great 
Atlantic  plain  and  stretching  fifty  miles 
westward  from  the  Susquehanna  to  the 
Blue  or  Kittatinny  mountains,  is  divided 
by  the  South  Mountain  of  the  Blue  Ridge 
chain  into  a  northern  part  embraced  in  the 
far-famed  Cumberland  valley  and  a  larger 
southern  part  consisting  of  alternate  hills 
and  valleys.  The  northern  part  consti- 
tutes the  county  of  Cumberland,  while  the 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


southern  part  is  divided  into  the  counties 
of  York  and  Adams. 

Cumberland  county  Hes  between  the 
North  and  South  mountains  and  in  the 
Cumberland  valley  which  is  a  part  of  the 
great  limestone  valley  extending  from 
Canada  through  New  England,  New  York, 
Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Virginia  and  Ten- 
nessee to  Alabama.  The  north  or  Kitta- 
tinny  mountain,  whose  Indian  name  of 
Kautatinchunk  signifies  "endless  moun- 
tains," like  a  vast  wall  of  regular  height 
makes  the  northern  boundary  of  the  county 
and  extends  from  northeast  to  southwest 
with  a  few  gaps  through  which  highways 
have  been  constructed  to  northward  coun- 
ties. The  South  Mountain,  the  northern 
terminus  of  the  Blue  Ridge  of  Virginia, 
bounds  the  county  on  the  southeast. 
Between  these  mountain  boundaries  lies 
the  valley  which  comprises  the  larger  part 
of  the  county  and  whose  surface  is  gener- 
ally undulating  except  along  some  of  the 
streams  where  it  is  more  or  less  broken. 

York  county  the  eastern  and  larger  divi- 
sion of  the  southern  part,  has  a  hilly  but 
not  mountainous  surface.  From  the  South 
Mountain  range,  a  spur  is  thrown  ofif 
across  the  northern  part  of  the  county  and 
southeast  along  the  Susquehanna,  where  it 
is  known  as  Priest's  Hills  or  Haldeman's 
Mountains,  and  having  the  Hellam  River 
Hills  south  of  it.  Further  southward  are 
several  outlying  or  isolated  ridges,  the 
principal  of  which  are  the  Conewago  Hills 
extending  toward  York  Haven,  and  the 
Pidgeon  Hills  terminating  within  eight 
miles  of  York.  In  the  southeastern  part 
are  several  slate  ridges,  one  of  which,  the 
Martic  Ridge,  crosses  the  Susquehanna 
river  from  Lancaster  county,  and  extends 
westward  to  Jefifersonville.  Numerous 
beautiful  and  fertile  valleys  lie  between 
these  ridges  and  along  most  of  the  creeks 
and  runs. 


Adams  county,  the  western  and  smaller 
division  of  the  southern  part  of  the  Nine- 
teenth Congressional  district,  is  moun- 
tainous in  the  extreme  western  and  north- 
ern parts,  but  rolling  and  level  in  the  re- 
mainder of  the  county.  Southward  from 
the  South  Mountains  are  the  Conewago 
Hills  in  the  extreme  east,  and  the  Pidgeon 
Hills  in  the  southeastern  part. 

The  drainage  of  the  district  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  southern  part  of  Adams 
county,  is  to  the  east  and  into  the  Susque- 
hanna by  means  of  five  arteries:  Conedo- 
guinet,  Yellow  Breeches,  Conewago,  Co- 
dorus  and  Muddy  creeks.  The  southern 
part  of  Adams  is  drained  by  Marsh  Creek, 
and  Cumberland  county  has  its  drainage 
to  the  northeast  by  Conedoguinet  in  the 
northern  part  and  Yellow  Breeches  in  the 
southern  part,  vv'hile  York  county  is  drained 
in  the  northern  part  by  Yellow  Breeches 
creek,  and  contains  three  entire  drainage 
or  water  basins  within  its  boundaries — Con- 
ewago and  Codorus  creek  basins  depressed 
to  the  northeast  and  Muddy  creek  basin  to 
the  southeast. 

The  soil  of  the  district  consists  princi- 
pally of  limestone,  red  sandstone  and  slate 
varieties.  The  limestone  lands  extend 
through  the  central  parts  of  Cumberland 
and  York  coimties  and  the  eastern  part  of 
Adams  county;  the  red  lands  comprise  the 
northern  part  of  York  and  the  northern 
and  central  parts  of  Adams  counties,  and 
the  slate  lands  constitute  the  northern  part 
of  Cumberland,  and  the  southern  parts  of 
York  and  Adams  counties. 

From  dififerent  parts  of  the  North  and 
South  Mountains  beautiful  and  extensive 
views  can  be  obtained.  From  the  crest 
of  the  historic  Cemetery  Hill  at  Gettysburg 
a  grand  natural  panoram.a  spreads  out  be- 
fore the  spectator  over  the  Marsh  Creek 
valley  horizon  bound  to  the  west  by  the 
South  Mountain  wall.      Another  beautiful 


NiN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


view  is  obtained  in  Adams  county  from  a 
mountain  near  Caledonia  Springs.  In 
York  county,  Round  Top,  rises  one  thous- 
and one  hundred  and  ten  feet  above  sea 
level  and  from  its  summit  the  visitor  can 
gaze  into  several  counties  of  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania  and  Maryland.  Limestone 
regions  contain  many  caves,  some  of  which 
are  noted  for  size,  depth  or  beauty.  The 
most  extensive  caves  so  far  discovered  in 
the  Nineteenth  district  are  two  on  the 
banks  of  the  Conedoguinet  creek  in  Cum- 
berland county,  the  one,  a  mile  north  of 
Carlisle,  has  been  explored  for  some  five 
hundred  feet,  and  the  other,  two  miles 
north  of  Greason,  consists  of  several 
rooms  over  fifteen  feet  in  height  and 
abounds  in  stalactites. 

The  average  elevation  of  the  Nine- 
teenth district  above  ocean  level  is  placed 
approximately  at  500  feet.  In  the  northern- 
district,  or  Cumberland  county,  we  have 
the  elevations  of  the  following  places  along 
the  Cumberland  Valley  railroad  furnished 
by  J.  B.  Dougherty,  of  Chambersburg: 
Mechanicsburg,  436  feet;  Dillsburg  Junc- 
tion, 427;  South  Mountain  Junction,  533; 
Carlisle,  477;  Newville,  533;  and  Shippens- 
burg,  654.  In  the  southern  part  of  the 
district  some  of  the  Adams  county  levels 
are:  Conewago  bridge,  546;  Littlestown, 
619;  Bridge,  623;  State  Line,  540;  above 
mean  tide  at  Baltimore  and  Gettysburg,  535 
feet;  Cashtown,  800;  Rock  Top,  1012; 
Newman's,  1355;  Hilltown,  780;  GraefTen- 
burg,  1020;  Caledonia  Springs,  1450;  and 
highest  point  on  South  Mountain,  near 
Caledonia  Springs,  21 10;  while  of  the  num- 
erous elevations  of  York  county  above 
mean  tide  at  Philadlephia,  the  following  are 
given:  York,  385  feet;  Hanover,  601, 
Emig's  Mills,  550;  Dillsburg,  540;  Lewis- 
berry,  601 ;  Logansville,  734;  Jefferson,  600; 
Franklintown,  580:  Wellsville,  489;  Longs- 
town,  637;  Innersville,  680;  Rossville,  501; 


Mount  Royal,  547;  Dover,  431;  Wrights- 
ville,  257;  Hellam,  348;  Spring  F"orge,  455; 
Glennville,  701;  Delta,  435;  Muddy  Creek 
Forks,  366;  Red  Lion,  900;  Dallastown, 
657;  Spring  Garden,  431;  Brogueville,  478; 
York  Haven,  291;  Goldsboro,  304;  Mount 
Wolf,  376;  New  Freedom,  827;  Hanover 
Junction,  422;  Conewago  Hills,  highest 
point,  800;  and  Round  Top,  mo. 

Geology.  Not  alone  of  interest  to  the 
student  is  the  physical  history  and  growth 
of  the  earth,  for  it  is  a  subject  of  great 
importance  alike  to  the  farmer,  the  miner 
and  the  manufacturer.  ,Although  the  geolo- 
gist in  his  line  of  work  has  need  of  aid 
from  the  botanist,  the  zoologist,  the  chemist 
the  mineralogist  and  the  mathematician, yet 
he  requires  no  special  preparation  and  has 
no  use  for  expensive  apparatus  Although 
the  subject  of  geology  looks  difficult  to  the 
general  reader,  yet  it  needs  but  common 
sense,  observation  and  the  common  names 
of  its  Greek  and  Latin  nomenclature,  to 
render  the  greater  part  of  the  science  plain 
and  useful.  A  practical  everyday  knowl- 
edge of  geology  would  save  many  a  farmer 
expensive  experiments  for  enriching  the 
soil;  would  prevent  the  manufacturer  from 
erecting  a  costly  plant  near  mineral  beds 
in  formations  that  never  carried  them  to 
any  extent;  and  would  save  the  miner  from 
sinking  a  mineral  shaft  in  a  class  of  rocks 
which  never  yield  paying  minerals. 

Geology  like  all  other  sciences  has  been 
progressive,  and  the  early  classification  of 
Primary,  Secondary  and  Tertiary  groups  ot 
rocks,  was  found  to  be  defective.  Succes- 
sive attempted  classifications  of  the  age  of 
the  rocks  by  their  order  of  superposition 
and  their  mineral  characters  failed,  and 
then  came  the  present  division  of  the  rocks 
according  to  the  fossils  or  the  types  of  life 
they  exhibit  as  compared  with  our  present 
orders  of  life.  The  classification  most  gen- 
erally accepted  now  is  as  follows : 


Biographical  akd  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


GROUPS  OF  ROCKS.  SYSTEMS  OF  STRATA. 

ERAS  OF  TIME.      GEOLOGICAL  AGES.      ZOOLOGICAL  AGES. 

TTf    iMa„,„;..  /  Quarternary,  Age  of  Man. 

IV.  Neozoic,  jfertiary,  Afe  of  Mammals. 

r  Cretaceous,  '\ 

III.  Mesozoic,      -;  Jurassic,  V  Age  of  Reptiles. 

(Triassic.  j 


Age  of  Trilobites. 

T      Art^h^an  JHurOniaU. 

1.  Archajan,       |  i,aurentian. 

Professor  Frazer  calls  the  first  group, 
Eozoic,  and  fourth,  Cainozoic,  while 
Professor  Rogers,  gave  the  ages  of  the 
Mesozoic  as  Primal,  Auroral,  Matinal,  Sur- 
gent,  Cadent,  Umbral,  and  Vesper,  and  the 
New  York  geologists,  some  years  ago,  gave 
to  each  formation  a  geographical  name  or 
a  lithological  definition. 

The  great  floor  rocks  of  Pennsylvania 
were  originally  sandstone  and  limestone, 
but  have  been  changed  by  heat  pressure 
and  chemical  action  into  granite,  gneiss, 
mica,  slate  and  marble,  and  are  the  founda- 
tions upon  which  rest  from  one  to  twenty 
thousand  feet  of  later  formations. 

The  northern  part  of  the  Nineteenth 
Congressional  district  comprising  Cumber- 
land county,  is  geologically  of  great  age. 
Commencing  on  the  southern  border  we 
find  a  bed  of  Primary  or  Achean  rocks  in 
the  South  Mountains,  overlaid  by  a  silicious 
white  sandstone.  From  the  base  of  the 
South  Mountain  a  great  belt  of  limestone 
occupies  the  lower  half  of  the  valley  and 
extends  clear  across  the  county,  while  the 
upper  part  of  the  valley  lies  in  a  slate  belt, 
and  the  North  Mountain  region  rocks -.are 
grey  and  reddish  sandstone.  A  small  de- 
tached area  of  limestone  is  in  Penn  town- 
ship, and  a  dyke  of  trap  rock  or  greenstone 
extends  north  and  south  through  the  east- 
ern part  of  the  county. 

In  the  southern  part  of  the  district  we 
notice  first,  York  county  whose  geology 
is  given  fully  by  Prof.  Persifor  Frazer  in 
the  "Historv  of  York  Countv."  The  "Bar- 


rens" or  slate  lands  commence  in  the 
southeast  with  a  small  area  of  chlorite 
schists  crossed  by  the  narrow  belt  of  Peach 
Bottom  roofing  slates,  and  extending 
northward  embraces  a  large  area  of  Azoic 
slate,  a  long  belt  of  chlorite  schist,  and  a 
somewhat  wider  belt  of  hydro-mica 
schists.  The  Siluro-Cambrian  limestone 
extends  across  the  central  part  of  the  coun- 
ty in  the  valley  of  Codorus  creek,  enclosing 
a  considerable  area  of  quartzite  or  Pots- 
dam sandstone,  between  York  and  the  Sus- 
quehanna river.  The  northern  part  of  the 
county  or  the  "Red  Lands"  is  in  the  new 
red  sandstone  formation,  which  in  that  sec- 
tion encloses  numerous  narrow  belts  and 
several  considerable  areas  of  trap  rock.  In 
the  extreme  northern  part  is  a  small  area 
of  marl  and  two  larger  areas  of  Siluro-Cam- 
brian limestone,  while  a  trap  dyke  crosses 
the  limestone  belt,  another  passes  across 
the  Azoic  slate  belt  and  a  short  one  is  in 
the  southeastern  part  of  the  county.  A 
considerable  calcareous  area  is  enclosed  in 
the  southwestern  part  of  the  limestone  belt. 
Professor  Frazer  says  that  York  county  is 
a  partial  imitation  of  the  United  States  geo- 
logically, having  Archean  rocks  on  the 
north  and  the  south,  and  its  intermediate 
portions  made  up  of  fossiliferous  and  newer 
formations,  while  portions  of  its  valleys 
have  successively  formed  the  ocean  bottom 
of  four  or  five  dift'erent  geological  epochs. 
He  states  that  the  Ezoic  (Azoic)  slates  be- 
long to  the  Huronian  age  and  the  York 
county  area  of  those  rocks  form  an  arch  or 
anticlinal  and  is  a  part  of  a  broad  belt 
reaching  in  all  probability  from  New  Eng- 
land to  Alabama.  He  calls  the  chlorite 
schists  as  Upper  Ezoic,  speaks  at  length 
of  difficulties  of  placing  properly  Hellam 
quartzite  (Potsdam  sandstone)  and  the 
hydro-mica  schists,  which  are  the  real  iron- 
bearing  formation  of  the  county,  and  gives 
4,400  feet  as  the  thickness  of  the  Siluro- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


Cambrian  limestone  including  the  schists 
down  to  the  quartzite,  from  measurements 
made  on  Kreutz  creek.  Professor  Frazer 
discusses  some  of  the  puzzling  questions 
arising  from  the  study  of  the  new  red 
sandstone  formation  of  the  Mesozoic  rocks, 
and  states  that  its  coal,  copper  and  other 
valuable  metals  are  not  in  paying  quanti- 
ties. He  says  the  trap  rock  is  not  as  old 
as  the  Triassic,  but  appeared  at  no  great 
length  of  time  after  the  formation  of  the 
latter.  Of  the  Cainozoic,  (Neozoic)  he 
gives  as  the  sole  representatives,  the  marl 
bed  north  of  Dillsburg  and  the  gravels, 
fluviatile  deposits  on  the  banks  and  islands 
of  the  Susquehanna  river.  Professor  Frazer 
does  not  agree  with  some  of  the  opinions 
of  the  chief  geologist  of  the  second  survey. 

Adams  county,  the  western  part  of  the 
southern  half  of  the  district,  consists  largely 
of  Mesozoic  soft  sandstone,  of  sedimentary 
formation,  and  belongs  to  the  Reptilian  age 
of  Zoology.  The  chlorite  schist  of  York 
county  passes  through  the  southeastern 
extremity  of  the  county  and  borders  the 
hydro-mica  schist  belt  which  extends  west 
to  the  south  Mountain  foot  hills,  and  forms 
the  southern  boundary  line  of  the  Siluro- 
Cambrian  limestone  that  spreads  over  Con- 
ewago  township  and  parts  of  Oxford  and 
Union  townships.  An  area  of  Potsdam 
sandstone  is  in  Berwick  township  and  the 
mountain  ridges  north  of  the  Chambers- 
burg  turnpike  in  Franklin  and  Menallen 
townships  are  largely  of  that  formation.  The 
South  Mountain  is  in  the  Laurentian  age 
of  the  Archaean  or  Azoic  group,  and  con- 
sists chiefly  of  a  gneiss  sandstone  forma- 
tion. 

It  is  said  that  each  system  has  its  lime- 
stone, its  sandstone  or  arenaceous  rocks, 
and  its  clay  bed  or  argillaceous  rocks,  and 
limestone,  sandstone  and  clay  are  all  found 
in  different  parts  of  the  district. 

The  paleontology  of  the  district  seems  to 


have  been  a  subject  in  the  past  that  awak- 
ened but  little  interest,  and  received  but  lit- 
tle attention.  The  fossils  of  the  district  in- 
cluding petrifactions,  casts,  and  impressions 
are  abundant,  yet  the  names  of  but  few  of 
them  are  to  be  met  with  in  print.  Pro- 
fessor Haldeman  first  recognized  the  Sco- 
lithus  linearis,  one  of  the  few  widely  dis- 
tributed fossils  of  the  Potsdam  sandstone, 
but  beyond  this  sea  boring  worm  we  find 
no  record  of  any  other  important  fossil. 

The  geologic  record  of  the  district  is  one 
that  goes  back  into  the  very  dawn  of  the 
creation  of  the  world,  and  its  rock-written 
chapters  when  properly  interpreted  will 
constiute  a  history  of  startling  and  won- 
derful past  changes. 

Mineralogy  .The  science  of  mineralogy  is 
of  practical  value  to  civilized  man  teaching 
him  how  and  where  to  find  in  the  different 
classes  of  rock  those  mineral  products  nec- 
essary to  his  welfare  and  the  development 
of  his  agricultural  and  manufacturing  in- 
dustries. Without  classifying  the  minerals 
of  the  Nineteenth  Congressional  district  as 
to  native  elements  or  compounds,  or  record- 
ing their  relative  hardness  by  Mohl's  scale, 
we  shall  state  the  main  mineral  products 
found  in  the  rock  groups  in  the  district  and 
present  the  names  of  the  minerals  given  by 
the  different  historians  and  scientists  who 
have  written  of  its  territory  or  mineral 
wealth.  Commencing  with  the  Azoic 
rocks  we  have  slates  and  traces  of  marble; 
in  the  Palaeozoic  systems  are  found  sand- 
stones, limestones,  slates,  copper,  iron  ore 
and  traces  of  gold  and  silver;  while  the 
Neozoic  rocks  furnish  gravels,  clay,  sand 
and  traces  of  bituminous  coal.  Cumber- 
land county  is  credited  with  magnetic  and 
brown  hematite  iron  ores,  sulphuret  of  cop- 
per, red  and  yellow  ochre,  alum,  copperas, 
Epsom  salts,  manganese,  marl,  marble, 
limestone,  fireclay  sand,  marl  and  porcelain 
and  stoneware  clay.       To  York  county  is 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


given  limestone,  copper,  magnetic,  limonite 
and  micaceous  iron  ores,  sandstone,  clay, 
roofing  slate,  pyrite,  chalcopyrite,  damour- 
ite,  ripidolite,  quartzite,  magnetite,  calcite, 
chert,  hornblende,  prasilite,  and  dolerite. 
Adams  county  is  assigned  the  same  iron 
ores  and  sandstones  as  York  county;  also 
is  given  copper,  roofing  slate  and  brick 
clays,  besides  sand,  orthofeldsite,  calcite, 
asbestos,  dolerite,  malachite,  mica,  gravel 
and  trap. 

Botany.  No  classification  of  the  plants 
of  the  district  or  any  of  its  counties,  has 
been  made  by  any  author  or  botanist.  In 
the  geographical  distribution  of  plants  the 
Nineteenth  Congressional  district  lies  in 
the  warm  temperate  or  the  fourth  of  the 
eight  plant  zones  of  the  world  whose  boun- 
daries are  not  parallels  of  latitude,  but  is- 
othermal lines.  The  flora  of  the  district 
is  one  of  importance,  as  well  as  of  extent. 
It  is  characterized  by  forests  of  deciduous 
trees,  including  some  evergreens,  while 
the  peach  and  other  fruit  trees  are  abund- 
ant, and  the  cereals,  the  potato,  and  various 
grasses,  as  well  as  dye  and  medicinal  plants 
are  found  in  each  of  the  counties. 

In  the  Cumberland  Valley,  when  the  first 
white  man  came  "the  grass  was  rich  and 
luxuriant,  wild  fruits  were  abundant,  and 
there  was  a  great  variety  of  trees  in  places, 
including  numerous  species  of  oak,  walnut, 
butternut,  hickory,  maple,  cherry,  locust, 
sassafras,  chestnut,  ash,  elm,  linden,  beech 
and  white  pine.  There  was  also  a  shrub 
growth  of  laurel,  plum,  juniper,  persim- 
mon, hazel,  wild  currant,  gooseberry, 
blackberry,  raspberry,  spice  bush  and 
sumach,  while  in  the  open  country  the 
strawberry,  dewberry  and  winter  green 
made  a  luscious  carpeting  and  furnished  to 
the  Indians  in  their  season  a  tempting  and 
welcome  partial  supply  of  food." 

In  Adams  county  most  of  these  trees 
and  shrubs  grow,  and  in  addition  may  be 


mentioned  the  gum,  poplar,  sycamore, 
birch,  tulip,  dogwood,  and  hemlock  among 
trees,  while  of  shrubs  is  the  rhododendron. 

York  county  in  early  days  contained 
nearly  all  the  trees  and  shrubs  common  to 
Cumberland  and  Adams  counties,  although 
Prowell  says  that  "A  large  forest  of  primi- 
tive trees  is  now  (1886)  almost  a  curiosity 
to  the  prosperous  York  county  farmer." 
And  while  speaking  of  the  useful  plants, 
another  class — the  weeds — must  not  be 
overlooked,  especially  such  pests  as  the 
daisy  and  the  thistle. 

Zoology.  The  fauna  of  the  Nineteenth 
district  has  been  but  partly  secured  by  past 
writers.  In  the  geographical  distribution 
of  animals  the  district  falls  in  the  North 
Temperate  or  second  of  the  eight  faunal 
realms  into  which  the  world  is  divided. 
This  realm  lies  between  the  isotherms  of 
32  degrees  and  68  degrees,  and  is  partly  the 
home  of  the  fur  bearing  animals. 

No  classification  of  animals  of  Cumber- 
land county  has  ever  been  made,  and 
Adams  county  only  has  its  ornithology 
given  by  Professor  Sheeley,  who  gives  3 
varieties  of  eagle,  six  of  hawks,  six  of  owls, 
two  of  rail,  two  of  sapsuckers,  wild  turkey, 
turkey  buzzard,  turkey  crow,  pheasant,  par- 
tridge, woodcock,  English  snipe,  3  varieties 
of  plover,  reed  bird,  wild  pigeon,  turtle 
dove,  large  blue  crane,  heron,  willet,  yellow 
shanks,  American  bittern,  sand  piper,  king- 
fisher, wild  goose,  red  head  duck.  Mallard 
duck,  blue  wing  teal,  spoonbill,  sprigtail, 
wood  duck,  summer  duck,  loon,  wren,  chip- 
pen,  tomtit,  English  sparrow,  indigo,  pee- 
weet,  martin,  bee  martin,  blue  bird,  3  varie- 
ties of  swallows,  cow  black  bird,  crow  black 
bird,  bell  bird,  rain  bird,  mocking  bird,  cat 
bird,  thrush,  robin,  meadow  lark,  gold- 
finch, Baltimore  oriole,  bull  finch,  cardinal 
beak,  yellow  bird,  whippoorwill,  bull  bat, 
common  bat,  woodpecker  and  yellow  ham- 
mer. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


In  York  county  history  a  few  names  of 
its  wild  mammals  have  been  preserved — the 
bear,  wolf  and  deer. 

An  ideal  fauna  and  flora  of  the  Mesozoic 
era  would  show  the  territory  of  the  Nine- 
teenth district  to  have  been  covered  with 
cone  bearing  and  fern  like  plants,  among 
which  reptiles,  roamed  in  large  numbers  as 
the  representative  animals.  They  were  of 
great  size,  some  walking,  some  swimming 
and  some  flying.  It  is  likely  the  plant- 
eating  Atlanto-saurus,  a  hundred  feet  long 
and  thirty  feet  high  was  there  with  the 
Ichthyosaurus  (fish  lizard)  and  Pterodactyl 
(winged  finger)  and  a  hundred  other  mons- 
ter animal  forms. 

Political  Divisions.  The  Nineteenth 
Congressional  district  was  formed  in  1874 
of  the  counties  of  Cumberland,  Adams  and 
York. 

Cumberland  county  was  formed  from 
Lancaster,  on  January  27,  1750,  being  the 
sixth  in  order  of  age  of  the  present  sixty- 
seven  counties  of  Pennsylvania,  and  has  an 
area  of  5,540  square  miles.  Its  townships 
are  Pennsborough  and  Hopewell  formed  in 
1735;  East  and  West  Pennsborough,  1745; 
Middleton,  about  1750;  Allen,  1766;  New- 
ton, 1767;  Southampton,  1783;  Shippens- 
burg,  1784;  Dickinson,  1785;  Silvers' 
Spring,  1787;  Franklin,  1795;  Mifflin,  1797: 
North  and  South  Middleton,  1810;  Monroe 
1825;  Newville,  1828;  Hampden,  1845; 
Upper  and  Lower  Allen,  1849;  Middlesex, 
1859;  Penn,  1859;  Cook,  1872.  The  bor- 
ough organizations  have  been  as  follows: 
CarHsle,  1782;  Newville,  1817;  :Dmppens- 
burg,  1819;  Mechanicsburg,  1828;  New 
Cumberland,  1831 ;  Newburg,  1861 ;  Mt. 
Holly  Springs,  1873;  Shiremanstown,  1874; 
Camp  Hill,  1885. 

Adams  county  was  formed  from  York  in 
1800,  and  has  an  area  of  531  square  miles, 
with  Gettysburg  as  its  seat  of  justice.  Its 
townships  are   Berwick,  formed  in    1800; 


Conewago,  i8oi;  Hamilton,  1810;  Free- 
dom, 1838;  Union,  1841 ;  Oxford,  1847; 
Butler,  1849;  and  Cumberland,  Franklin, 
Germany,  Hamiltonban,  Highland,  Hunt- 
ingdon, Latimore,  Liberty,  Menallen, 
Mount  Joy,  Mount  Pleasant,  Reading, 
Straban  and  Tyrone.  Its  boroughs  are: 
Gettysburg,  incorporated  in  1806;  Abbots- 
ford,  1835;  Littlestown,  1864;  York 
Springs,    1868;   New   Oxford,    1874;    East 

Berlin,  1879;  Fairfield, ;  and  McSher- 

rytown,  1882. 

York  county  was  formed  from  Lancas- 
ter county,  August  19,  1749,  being  the 
fifth  county  created  in  the  province  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  now  has  an  area  of  921 
square  miles.  Its  31  townships  are  Hallam 
or  Hellam,  formed  in  1739;  Chanceford, 
Fawn,  Shrewsbury,  Newberry,  Dover, 
Codorus,  Manchester,  Warrington,  Mona- 
ghan,  Paradise  and  Manheim  between  1740 
and  1744:  Heidelberg,  1750;  York,  1753; 
Windsor,  1758;  Hopewell,  1767;  West 
Manchester,  1799;  Fairview,  1802;  Wash- 
ington, 1803;  Lower  Chanceford,  1805 
Franklin,  1809;  Peach  Bottom,  181 5 
Spring  Garden,  1822;  Carroll,  1831 
Springfield,  1834;  Lower  Windsor,  1838 
North  Codorus,  1840;  Jackson,  1857;  and 
West  Manheim,  1858.  Its  21  incorporated 
boroughs  are:  York  incorporated  1787; 
Hanover,  1815;  Lewisburg,  1832;  Dills- 
burg,  1833;  Wrightsville,  and  Shrewsbury, 
1834;  Stewartstown  and  Fawn  Grove,  1851 ; 
Logansville,  1852;  Glen  Rock,  i860;  Dover 
1864;   Jefiferson,    1866;   Dallastown,    1867; 

Manchester,    1869;   Winterstown,   ; 

Railroad,  1871:  East  Prospect,  1874;  New 
Freedom,  1879;  Red  Lion  and  Delta,  1880; 
Spring  Grove,  ;  and  Goldsboro,  Hel- 
lam, New  Salem,  Peach  Bottom  and 
Menges  Station  since  1885. 

Natural  Resources.  The  Nineteenth 
Congressional  district  owes  its  military  im- 
portance in  time  of  war  to  its  geographical 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


position,  but  its  commercial  supremacy  and 
true  greatness  depend  upon  the  form  of  its 
government,  the  spirit  of  its  people,  and  the 
richness  of  its  natural  resources,  whose 
complete  development  will  be  attained  in 
the  decades  of  the  twentieth  century.  The 
natural  resources  of  the  district  embraces 
its  useful  and  precious  metals;  its  lime, 
slate  and  building  rock;  and  its  incompara- 
ble wealth  of  pure  water,  copious  rainfall 
and  a  health-giving  climate,  which,  com- 
bined with  fertility  of  soil  and  nearness  to 
market,  gives  an  assurance  of  good  grain, 
tobacco  and  fruit  crops  and  their  ready  sale 
at  remunerative  prices  in  prosperous  times. 
In  the  great  South  Mountain  are  im- 
mense beds  of  magnetic  and  hematite  iron 
ores  sufficient  to  supply  the  larger  part  of 
the  iron  needed  in  all  the  manufactures  of 
the  United  States,  and  deep  beneath  these 
beds  are  others  of  vast  dimensions,  which 
will  likely  not  be  utilized  for  a  century  to 
come.  Copper  ore  exists  in  different  parts 
of  the  district,  but  has  never  yet  been  found 
in  paying  quantities,  while  traces  of  silver 
and  gold  are  reported.  The  siluro-Cam- 
brian  limestone  is  found  in  almost  inex- 
haustible beds  in  every  county  of  the  dis- 
trict, and  the  great  belt  of  the  celebrated 


Peach  Bottom  roofing  slate  passes  through 
the  southeastern  part  of  York  county, 
while  massive  ledges  and  large  beds  of 
granite  are  in  Adams  county,  besides  sand- 
stone and  other  building  rock  found  also 
in  York  and  Cumberland.  Small  areas  of 
brick,  fire,  porcelain  and  pipe  clays  are  to 
be  found  while  building  sand  is  plenty. 
Pure  water  is  everywhere  abundant  and  for 
domestics  purposes  Adams  county  is  one 
of  the  best  watered  spots  on  the  globe. 
Clear,  pure,  sweet,  cold  granite  water  in 
great  abundance  and  at  Gettysburg  the  drill 
has  been  sunk  through  70  feet  of  a  granite 
roof  into  a  great  subterranean  lake  of  pure 
water.  The  rainfall  of  the  district  averages 
from  twenty-seven  to  thirty-eight  inches 
yearly  and  this  in  connection  with  a  fertile 
soil  has  always  given  large  cereal  crops, 
fine  fruit  and  an  abundant  yield  of  tobacco, 
in  which  latter  product  York  county  is  one 
of  the  three  leading  counties  of  the  Middle 
Atlantic  States.  The  natural  resources  of 
the  Nineteenth  Congressional  district — its 
iron  ore,  limestone,  granite  and  fertile  soil 
— make  it  one  of  the  rich  mining  and  agri- 
cultural regions  of  the  "Keystone  State," 
whose  present  wealth  and  growth  give 
promise  of  a  brilliant  and  successful  future. 


CHAPTER  II. 


Aborigines — Aboriginal  Titles — Early  Settlesients — Border  Difficulties- 
Boundary  Line — Manors  of  Springetsbury,   Louther  and  Maske — 
Pioneer  Races — Development  Periods — Cities  and  Villages. 


THE  Indian  empire  of  the  New 
World  was  magnificent  in  extent, 
and  while  scant  in  population 
and  low  in  civilization,  yet  possessed  won- 
derful natural  resources  and  north  of  the 
equatorial  line  commanded  unrivaled  facili- 
ties for  commercial  supremacy  by  means  of 
geographical  conformation. 

In  accurate  ethnographical  classification 
the  American  or  so  called  Red  race  is  a 
branch  of  the  Yellow  Type  of  mankind 
formerly  called  the  Mongolian.  The  In- 
dian in  complexion  varies  from  a  ruddy  to 
a  pale  olive  and  Naidaillac  in  his  Pre-his- 
toric  America  states  the  term  Red  arose 
from  Columbus  mistaking  the  color  of  the 
Antillian  Caribs,  who  kept  themselves  well 
painted  with  red  ochre.  Indian  life  in  its 
lowest  type  was  found  in  the  more  or  less 
nomadic  tribes  of  Patagonia  and  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  while  its  highest  civilization 
was  reached  in  the  lands  of  the  Montezu- 
mas  and  the  Incas  of  Peru,  where  cloth 
was  woven,  cities  built,  roads  constructed, 
picture-writing  introduced  and  a  calendar 
used  which  was  more  accurate  than  that  of 
the  Greeks  and  Romans.  The  Indians 
although  divided  into  numerous  families, 
all  came  from  one  parent  stock,  and 
there  was  no  tribe  so  degraded,  but  believed 
in  a  future  state  and  had  an  idea  of  a  Mas- 
ter of  Life  and  an  Evil  Spirit,  which  held 
divided  empire  over  nature.  The  numer- 
ous Indian  languages  are  all  pervaded  by 


a  remarkable  analogy  of  structure  and 
Humbolt  says,  "From  the  county  of  the 
Esquimaux  to  the  straits  of  Magellan 
mother  tongues  entirely  different  in  their 
roots,  have,  if  we  may  use  the  expression, 
the  same  physiognomy."  The  Indian  lan- 
guages have  a  wonderful  capacity  for  ex- 
pressing several  ideas  and  modifications  of 
ideas  in  one  word;  and  their  idioms  while 
regular  and  complicated  in  structure 
are  rich  in  words.  This  language  capacity 
of  expressing  several  ideas  in  one  word  is 
illustrated  in  some  of  S.  G.  Boyd's  Indian 
Local  Names  quoted  elsewhere,  in  this 
volume. 

The  aboriginal  history  of  the  territory  of 
Pennsylvania  would  be  interesting  if  it 
could  be  presented.  But  Indian  traditions 
are  too  dim,  as  well  as  to  fanciful  to  give 
their  own  origin  or  the  fate  of  their 
predecessor,  the  Mound  Builder,  whose 
seat  of  empire  was  in  the  Mississippi  and 
Ohio  valleys,  where  his  temple,  altar, 
effigy  and  tomb  mounds,  and  forts  and  fort- 
ifications vi'ere  numerous.  The  Indians 
were  in  all  probability  the  aboriginal  inhab- 
itants of  the  Nineteenth  Congressional  dis- 
trict as  no  ruins  of  mound  or  temple  has 
ever  been  found  within  its  territorial  limits 
to  speak  of  permanent  occupation  by  the 
Mound-builder  or  great  lost  race  of  the 
American  continent. 

The  great  Algonquin  Indian  family  in 
1492  occupied  the  eastern  part  of  the  Uni- 


14 


Biographical  ant?  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


ted  States  from  the  sea-board  to  the  Appa- 
lachian mountains  and  encircled  the  Huron 
Iriquois  family  in  New  York  and  western 
Canada.  Of  the  Huron-Iriquois  the  fierc- 
est and  bravest  tribes  were  the  Mohawks, 
Oneidas,  Cayugas,  Onondagas  and  Senecas 
which  constituted  the  Five  Nations  until 
1713,  when  they  admitted  the  Tuscaroras 
from  South  Carolina  and  became  the  cele- 
brated Six  Nations  of  Colonial  and  Revolu- 
tionary history. 

The  Five  Nations  were  the  "Indians  of 
Indians"  and  the  "Romans  of  the  West," 
and  their  wonderful  confederacy  was  the  re- 
sult of  the  "Tribal  League  of  the  Hodenos- 
aunee  or  People  of  the  Long  House."  In 
each  of  the  Five  Nations  were  eight  tribes 
arranged  in  two  divisions  and  named  as  fol- 
lows: Wolf,  Bear,  Beaver,  Turtle,  Deer, 
Snipe,  Heron,  Hawk. 

Each  tribe  was  then  divided  into  five 
parts,  and  a  part  placed  in  each  of  the  Five 
Nations.  Thus  the  Cayuga  of  the  Wolf 
tribe  recognized  the  Mohawk  of  the  Wolf 
tribe  as  his  brother.  This  league,  the 
highest  effort  of  Indian  legislation,  forms  a 
splendid  and  enduring  monument  to  the 
haughty  and  powerful  confederacy  that  was 
reared  under  it,  and  that  spread  the  terror 
of  its  name  among  every  Indian  tribe  from 
the  Great  Lakes  to  the  everglades  of 
Florida.  The  Five  Nations  utterly  de- 
stroyed the  Eries  and  swept  away  the 
Hurons  of  their  own  family,  and  sweeping 
down  over  the  Catawba  Warpath  into  the 
Carolinas  spread  death  and  ruin  among 
the  southern  tribes. 

From  a  hundred  successful  fields  of  bat- 
tle, the  Five  Nations  turned  to  contest  with 
the  Delaware  nation  of  the  Algonquin 
family  for  the  ownership  of  the  present  ter- 
ritory of  Pennsylvania.  The  Delawares 
were  divided  into  three  branches — the 
Turkey,  Turtle  and  Monsey  or  Wolf  tribes. 
This  great  contest  between  the  Five  Na- 


tions and  the  Delawares,  resulted  in  the 
defeat  of  the  latter,  who  then  became  ten- 
ants at  will  in  Pennsylvania  of  the  former. 
The  Five  Nations  reduced  the  Delawares 
to  the  menial  state  of  their  women,  and  the 
Delawares  afterwards  by  an  ingeniously 
constructed  story  attempted  to  explain  to 
the  Whites  their  disarmament  by  strategem 
and  their  acceptance  of  the  position  of 
women  from  choice  and  not  by  force. 

The  Delawares  called  themselves  the 
Lenn,  Lenape  or  Original  People  and 
claimed  to  have  come  from  beyond  the  Mis- 
sissippi river  to  Pennsylvania,  through  the 
Ohio  valley  where  they  stopped  long 
enough  to  destroy  the  Mound-builders. 
The  Monsey  or  Wolf  branch  of  the  Dela- 
wares occupied  the  territory  of  the  Nine- 
teenth Congressional  district,  but  neither  in 
record  or  through  tradition  do  we  get  the 
names  of  the  tribes  that  roamed  from  the 
Susquehanna  to  the  North  Mountain, 
spending  the  fishing  season  in  river  camps, 
and  the  hunting  season  in  the  mountain 
and  valley  villages  where  the  women  raised 
their  small  stock  of  maize  The  Delaware 
tribes  in  the  district  were  joined  by  the 
Tuteloes  and  Nanticokes,  from  Maryland 
and  in  1698,  by  the  war-like  Shawanes  from 
the  Carolina,  while  they  all  seemed  partly 
under  the  dominion  of  the  Conestogoe  In- 
dians of  Lancaster  county,  in  whose  vil- 
lages all  the  grand  councils  were  held. 
There  were  also  in  the  district  the  Manti- 
cokes,  Mingoes  and  Susquehannas. 

Of  their  villages  or  towns  there  is  but 
little  record.  The  Conestogoe  Indians  had 
a  town  on  the  Susquehanna,  in  York  coun- 
ty, called  Conedoughela,  and  the  Showanes 
had  a  village  at  the  mouth  of  Yellow 
Breeches  creek  and  another  on  the  Cono- 
doquinet,  while  the  Mingoes  had  a  town 
on  Letort  run  and  near  the  site  of  Carlisle, 
and  tradition  credits  an  Indian  village  as 
near  the  site  of  Gettysburg. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


15 


Of  the  Indian  trails  of  the  district  but 
Httle  has  been  preserved  A  main  north 
and  south  trail  seems  to  have  passed  along 
the  west  bank  of  the  Susquehanna,  and 
was  joined  and  also  intersected  by  paths  or 
trails  running  westward  into  the  mountains 
and  southwestward  into  Maryland  and  Vir- 
ginia. Some  of  these  trails  became  traders' 
and  missionary  routes,  and  one  was  event- 
ually laid  out  into  the  old-time  Monocacy 
road  which  ran  from  the  site  of  Wrights- 
ville,  past  the  sites  of  York  and  Hanover 
through  York  county  and  southwest  in 
Adams  county  to  the  Provincial  line.  Many 
minor  trails  led  to  favorite  hunting  grounds 
and  fishing  points  and  were  in  use  by  the 
Indians  until  they  commenced  to  remove  to 
Ohio,  upon  the  settlement  of  the  white 
man.  The  Shawanees  removed  in  1725 
and  by  1765  the  remainder  of  the  Indians 
in  the  district  had  taken  up  their  westward 
journey  toward  the  lands  of  the  setting- 
sun. 

Aboriginal  Titles.  The  European  title 
of  the  EngHsh  to  the  territory  of  Pennsyl- 
vania was  by  right  of  Cabot's  discovery  of 
North  America  in  1497  and  his  voyage 
along  the  Atlantic  coast  in  the  ensuing 
year.  After  Penn  acknowledged  Indian 
ownership  of  the  land  of  his  province  we 
find  that  the  first  deed  in  the  chain  of  In- 
dian title  for  the  soil  of  the  Nineteenth  Dis- 
trict, is  dated  January  3,  1692,  and  made  by 
Ex-Gov.  Dongan,  of  New  York,  to  Penn 
for  the  land  -on  both  sides  of  the  Susque- 
hanna river  which  the  former  had  boughv 
from  the  Five  Nations.  The  Susquehanna 
and  other  Delaware  Indians  did  not  ac- 
knowledge the  right  of  the  Five  Nations 
to  sell  these  lands  upon  which  they  resided, 
treaties  were  made  with  these  Delav.are 
tribes  on  September  30,  1700,  and  April  23, 
1701,  by  which  they  ratified  the  sale.  The 
language  of  all  the  deeds  and  treaties  was 
so  vague  as  to  how  much  territory  was  in- 


cluded in  the  transfer  that  Penn  concluded 
to  effect  another  purchase  with  more  defi- 
nite limits  before  permitting  settlements  to 
be  made  west  of  the  Susquehanna.  In  or- 
der to  complete  his  title  his  heirs  held  a 
treaty  with  the  Six  Nations  on  October  1 1 , 
1736,  and  received  a  deed  signed  by  the 
Sachems  of  five  of  Six  Nations.  Fourteen 
days  later  the  Penns  received  a  release 
signed  by  the  sachems  of  all  of  the  Si  x  Na- 
tions and  the  Indian  title  to  the  territory  of 
the  Nineteenth  District  was  completed. 

Early  Settlements.  The  first  white 
men  to  come  into  the  district  were  but  tem- 
porary residents.  There  were  French 
traders  as  early  as  1707  in  the  Cumberland 
Valley  where  James  Letort  built  his  first 
cabin  in  1720  and  was  the  first  white  mm 
to  have  a  temporary  residence  in  Cumber- 
land county.  At  some  time  between  1720 
and  1725  Michael  Tanner,  Edward  Parnell, 
Paul  Williams,  Jeflerey  Sumerford  and  a 
few  others  became  temporary  residents 
on  Kreutz  Creek,  near  the  site  of  Wrights- 
ville,  in  York  county.  They  came  under 
Maryland  titles,  were  regarded  as  squatters 
and  were  driven  away  in  1728  by  the  Penn- 
sylvania authorities.  A  third  class  of  tem- 
porary residents  came  into  the  western  p.iri 
of  the  district  with  the  Jesuit  fathers  from 
Maryland  who  were  led  by  Josiah  Gravton, 
S.  J.,  frequently  called  Father  Creighton. 
He  came  about  1720  and  conducted  reli- 
gious services  in  the  wigwams  of  the 
Caughnawaga  Indians,  an  Algonquin  tribe 
from  Canada,  that  were  residents  for  some 
length  of  time  in  what  is  now  Conewago 
township,  Adams  county.  Father  Gravton 
was  followed  by  different  priests  and  a 
cabin  was  built  for  church  services. 

As  temporary  residents,  about  1720,  were 
in  each  of  the  three  counties  of  the  ]Hesent 
Nineteenth  Congressional  District,  so  per- 
manent settlers  came  about  the  same  time 
in  each  of  the  counties  and  also  settled  at 


i6 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


the  same  places  selected  by  the  trader, 
squatters  and  missionaries.  These  early 
permanent  settlements  were  made  from 
1726  or  28  up  to  1740,  and  were  planted 
some  years  earlier  than  the  Penns  intended 
on  account  of  the  Marylanders  commenc- 
ing to  settle  in  the  southern  part  of  York 
and  Adams  county.  The  Penns  purposed 
granting  no  lands  in  the  district  until  the 
Indian  title  was  extinguished,  but  alarmed 
by  the  Maryland  attempt  to  settle  they  con- 
ferred with  the  Indians  and  gave  Samuel 
Blunston  authority  to  issue  licenses  to 
Penns3'lvania  settlers  for  lands  to  be  af- 
terwards granted  to  the  holders  when  the 
Indian  title  was  extinguished. 

In  Cumberland  county  Letort  most  pro- 
bably took  out  one  of  these  licenses.  An- 
drew Ralston  settled  in  1728,  west  of  the 
site  of  Carlisle,  on  a  Blunston  license.  In 
1730,  James  Chambers  settled  near  New- 
ville,  and  Robert  Chambers,  close  to  Ship- 
pensburg,  where  in  the  same  year  came 
Alex.  Steen,  John  McCall,  Richard  and 
Gavin  Morrow,  John  Culbertson,  Hugh 
and  John  Rippey,  John  Strain,  Alex. 
Askey,  John  McAlister,  David  Magaw  and 
John  Johnston.  Among  other  early  settlers 
were  the  celebrated  Butler  and  Brady  fam- 
ilies of  Revolutionary  and  frontier  fame, 
Robert  Mickey,  William  Thompson  and 
Andrew  McElwain,  of  Newton,  and  Mif- 
flin township,  and  brothers-in-law ;  Michael 
Edge,  and  the  Houcks  and  Weakleys,  of 
Dickinson  township;  Richard  Parker,  of 
North  Middleton,  who  is  said  to  have  set- 
tled in  1725;  and  the  Acheson  family  of 
West  Pennsborough  township;  these  set- 
tlers were  principally  Scotch-Irish,  though 
often  called  Irish  by  the  provincial  authori- 
ties, and  by  1736  a  line  of  settlements  had 
been  made  from  the  Susquehanna  along  the 
Yellow  Breeches  and  Conedoguinet  creeks 
through  the  Cumberland  valley  to  the  head 
waters    of    the    Conochocheaque    and    the 


southwestern  boundary  line  of  the  county. 

In  York  county  John  and  James  Hend- 
ricks settled  on  Kreutz  Creek,  in  1729,  and 
while  O'Day  says  they  were  English, 
Fisher  thinks  they  were  German.  They 
were  the  first  authorized  settlers  by  the 
Penns,  yet  a  township  writer  claims  that 
John  Grist,  John  Powell  and  other  English 
settlers  came  about  1721.  The  English  set- 
tled about  the  Pigeon  Hills,  while  the  Ger- 
mans spread  along  Kreutz  Creek  where 
only  one  English  family,  that  of  William 
Morgan  remained  in  1734.  The  next  two 
settlement  waves  were  between  1734  and 
1736,  one  being  Scotch-Irish,  settling  in 
the  southeast  in  the  "York  Barrens,"  while 
the  other  was  English-Quaker  and  made 
their  homes  in  the  north  and  northwest  in 
the  "Red  Lands."  These  English  Quakers 
were  from  Chester  county,  and  their  loca- 
tion was  selected  by  Thomas  Hull,  John 
McFesson,  Joseph  Bennet,  John  Rankin, 
and  Ellis  Lewis,  who  were  prominent 
Friends  in  the  new  settlement  and  also  in 
the  county.  We  also  have  account  of 
Martin  Fry  settling  near  the  site  of  York  in 
1734,  and  in  the  same  year  John  Wright, 
Jr.,  was  at  Wrightsville,  while  German  set- 
tlers are  said  to  have  been  at  or  near  Han- 
over as  early  as  1731.  The  first  shoemaker 
was  Samuel  Landys;  the  first  tailor,  Valen- 
tine Heyer;  and  the  first  blacksmith,  Peter 
Gardner,  while  the  first  schoolmaster  was 
called  "Der  Dicke  Schulmeister."  John 
and  Martin  Schultz  built  the  first  stone 
dwelling  houses,  about  1735,  and  John  Day 
built  the  first  grist  mill  before  1740. 

In  Adams  county  the  first  permanent 
settlers  were  the  founders  of  the  Little  Con- 
ewago  and  Marsh  Creek  settlements.  An- 
drew Shriver  is  credited  with  being  the 
first  permanent  settler,  and  having  settled 
in  1734  about  3  miles  north  of  the  site  of 
Litt'estown,  but  the  historian  of  Conewago 
township    states    that    Samuel    Lilly    and 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


Robert  Owings  settled  in  that  locality  in 
1730,  and  later  came  the  McSherrys,  Mc- 
Crearys,  Marshalls,  Sanderses  and  Reillys 
from  Ireland,  and  the  Sneeringers,  Shrivers 
and  others  from  Holland.  These  Cone- 
wago  settlers  were  mainly  Catholics,  and 
the  latter  founded  Conewago  chapel.  Fie- 
tween  1735  and  1741  the  Scotch-Irish  came 
to  the  head  waters  of  Marsh  creek,  and 
north  of  the  site  of  Gettysburg  and  among 
the  leading  families  in  this  emigration  were 
the  Hamiltons,  Sweenys,  Eddies,  Blocks, 
McClains,  McClures,  Wilsons,  Agnews  and 
Darbys.  Bradsby  in  speaking  of  Shriver 
as  the  first  permanent  settler  says  "Here 
then  was  the  first  little  fringe  of  civilization 
planted  deep  in  the  dark  old  forests  of 
Adams  county;  sheltered  under  the  wagon 
cover  of  Shriver's  and  Young's  wagon,  the 
"avant  couriers"  of  the  increasing  sweep  of 
that  grand  race  of  men  who  created  the 
grandest  empire  in  the  tide  of  time;  ferti- 
lizing its  seed  with  the  spirit  of  liberty  and 
independence  that  was  to  leven  the  human 
race  all  over  the  world  and  yield  the  rich 
blessings  of  mental  and  physical  freedom 
that  we  now  enjoy.  Shriver  was  a  typical 
representative  of  the  American  pioneer,  the 
most  admirable,  the  greatest  race  of  men 
and  women  that  have  appeared  upon  the 
earth  in  nineteen  hundred  years." 

Border  Difficulties.  The  southern  part 
of  York  and  Adams  county  was  a  border 
land  over  whose  possession  Pennsylvania 
and  Maryland  were  rival  disputants  for 
many  years.  These  border  difficulties  arose 
from  the  dispute  of  Penn  and  Lord  Balti- 
more over  the  boundary  line  between  their 
provinces,  as  each  claimed  this  territory  to 
be  within  his  chartered  limits.  Lord  Balti- 
more as  early  as  1721  contemplated  e.xtend- 
ing  his  northern  boundary  line  west  side 
of  the  Susquehanna  up  to  the  meridian  of 
40  degrees  north  latitude,  and  in  1730  Col. 
Thomas  Cresap  and    some    others    under 


Maryland  authority  settled  at  Blue  Rock 
ferry  3^  miles  south  of  Wrightsville.  Bal- 
timore never  recognized  any  Indian  title 
and  Cresap  drove  the  Indians  away  which 
soon  led  to  an  angry  controversy  between 
the  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland  governors 
The  Lancaster  authorities  soon  warned 
Cresap,  Carroll,  and  other  Marylanders  off 
the  disputed  territory,  and  John  Wright, 
Jr.,  called  the  Marylanders  "homing  gen- 
cry,"  a  term  at  which  the  followers  of  Bal- 
timore took  ofifense.  In  1734  an  unsuc- 
cessful attempt  was  made  to  capture 
Cresap  in  which  he  mortally  wounded 
Knowles  Daunt,  one  of  the  Pennsylvania 
posse.  The  Marylanders  made  prisoners  of 
John  Hendricks  and  Joshua  Minshall  and 
put  them  in  jail  at  Annapolis,  where  An- 
drew Hamilton  and  John  Georges,  Penn- 
sylvania commissioners,  appeared  in  vain 
to  secure  their  release  or  obtain  a  hearing 
of  Penn's  claims  to  the  disputed  territory. 
In  1736  a  number  of  Germans,  who  had 
settled  under  Maryland  authority,  revolted 
and  transferred  their  allegiance  to  Penn- 
sylvania, and  later  in  that  year,  Colonel 
Hall,  of  Baltimore  county,  came  into  the 
disputed  territory  with  an  armed  force  of 
nearly  three  hundred  men,  but  left  in  a 
short  time.  During  their  stay  the  sherifiE 
of  Lancaster  county  assembled  one  hund- 
red and  fifty  men  at  John  Wright,  Jr.'s,  but 
no  hostilities  occurred.  Cresap  cursed  the 
Maryland  militia  for  cowards,  and  was  soon 
joined  by  Charles  Higginbotham,  who 
had  plotted  in  Chester  county  with  forty- 
nine  others  to  obtain  the  revolted  Ger- 
mans' land  from  the  Governor  of  Maryland 
and  upon  the  discovery  of  his  plot  fled  to 
avoid  arrest.  Cresap  was  arrested  on  Sep- 
tember 25,  1736,  and  held  as  a  prisoner  for 
some  time,  and  three  years  later  in  1739,  a 
temporary  line  was  run  by  order  of  the 
Royal  Council  in  England  and  ended  the 
border  difficulties  by  giving  Pennsylvania 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


control  of  the  disputed  territory. 

Boundary  Line.  The  great  controversy 
over  the  boundary  Hne  between  Maryland 
and  Pennsylvania  arose  from  ambiguity  in 
royal  grants  and  the  ignorance  of  the  geo- 
graphy of  the  section  under  consideration 
by  the  royal  secretaries.  While  terms  of 
Penn's  charter  were  distinct  as  to  his  south- 
ern boundary  line  as  being  the  beginning  of 
the  fortieth  degree,  yet  the  geography  of 
the  secretaries  must  have  been  at  fault  as 
the  King  did  not  certainly  contemplate  giv- 
ing Penn  two-thirds  of  Maryland,  includ- 
ing Baltimore.  On  the  other  hand  Lord 
Baltimore's  charter  was  the  oldest  yet  its 
language  was  ambiguous  as  to  his  northern 
boundary  as  it  did  not  state  whether  it  was 
the  beginning  or  the  ending  of  the  fortieth 
degree  and  the  King  surely  did  npt  intend 
to  give  Baltimore  the  Chester  county  settle- 
ments and  the  site  of  Philadelphia.  Penn 
naturally  wanted  his  three  charter  degrees 
of  width,  and  Baltimore  likewise  fought  to 
save  nearly  all  of  his  settlements  and  two- 
thirds  of  his  province  and  but  justly  asked 
Markham  "if  this  line,  'Penn's,'  be  allowed 
where  is  my  province."  Penn  offered  to 
buy  the  disputed  territory  of  Baltimore  but 
the  latter  refused  to  sell  and  appealed  to 
the  royal  council  which  found  that  it  could 
not  rightfully  allow  either  claim  and  re- 
sorted to  compromise.  The  compromise 
line  39  degrees,  fifteen  miles  south  of  Phil- 
adelphia, is  by  some  supposed  to  be  about 
where  the  royal  secretaries  supposed  the 
one  hundred  and  thirty-ninth  parallel  of  lat- 
itude to  be.  This  plan  of  settlement  was 
agreed  to,  on  May  lo,  1732,  by  Thomas 
and  Richard  Penn  and  Charles,  Lord  Balti- 
more, the  latter  of  whom  prevented  the 
actual  marking  of  the  provisional  line 
by  a  suit  in  equity  until  a  decree  in  royal 
coimcil  in  1738,  made  it  peremptory  and 
ended  the  border  difficulties  referred  to 
on    a    previous    page.     A    temporary    line 


was  run  in  1739  to  the  top  of  the  Kitta- 
tinny  mountains,  and  an  effort  in  1751 
to  continue  it  was  frustrated  by  Mary- 
land. Finally  the  proprietors,  Thomas 
and  Richard  Penn  and  Frederick,  Lord 
Baltimore,  in  1 760,  agreed  to  execute  the 
survey  of  1732  which  had  been  held  back 
by  proceedings  in  chancery  until  May  17, 
1760,  when  the  Lord  Chancellor  ordered 
the  agreement  of  1732  to  be  carried  into 
specific  execution.  John  Lukens  and 
Archibald  McLean  on  the  part  of  the  Penns 
and  Thomas  Garnett  on  the  part  of  Lord 
Baltimore  were  chosen  as  surveyors,  and 
commenced  their  work  in  November  by 
agreeing  on  a  center  in  Newcastle  from 
whence  the  12  mile  radii  were  to  proceed  in 
determining  the  northern  boundary  of  the 
present  state  of  Delaware.  The  Baltimore 
surveyors  wanted  superficial  miles  while 
the  other  surveyors  insisted  on  geometrical 
and  astronomical  mensuration.  For  three 
years  the  commissioners  labored  to  trace 
out  the  twelve  mile  radius  and  the  tangent 
line  from  the  middle  point  of  the  west  line 
across  the  peninsula,  and  were  closely  ap- 
proximating the  true  tangent,  when  they 
were  notified  that  Charles  Mason  and  Jere- 
miah Dixon,  two  eminent  surveyors  and 
mathematicians  of  London  had  been  em- 
ployed by  the  proprietors  to  complete  the 
work.  Mason  and  Dixon  arrived  in  No- 
vember, 1763,  and  from  the  tangent  point  of 
the  Newcastle  semi-circular  line  reached  at 
15  miles  south  of  Philadelphia,  on  latitude 
39  degrees,  started  the  great  west  line 
which  ran  between  Maryland  and  Pennsyl- 
vania and  continued  westward  as  the  south- 
ern Pennsylvania  line  until  1767,  when  the 
Indians  stopped  them  on  the  second  cross- 
ing of  Little  Dunkard  creek. 

Manors  of  Springetsbury,  Louther  and 
Maske.  The  grant  to  William  Penn  in 
1 68 1  contained  special  powers  to  erect 
manors  which  were  confined  to  10,000  acres 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


19 


in  every  100,000  acres  and  were  to  lie  in 
one  place.  In  a  half  a  century  these  manors 
were  construed  in  law  not  to  mean  such 
in  a  legal  sense  with  its  train  of  feudal  ap- 
pendages, but  a  portion  of  country  or  pro- 
prietary tenths  for  private  and  individual 
uses  or  to  be  sold  by  special  contract  and 
not  by  stated  prices. 

Springetsbury  manor  was  the  first  of 
these  manors  to  be  laid  out  in  the  Nine- 
teenth District.  It  was  named  after 
Spiinget  Penn,  the  grandson  and  one  time 
the  supposed  heir  of  William  Penn  to  the 
province  of  Pennsylvania.  Springetsbury 
manor  was  first  surveyed  in  1722  by  Gover- 
nor Keith,  and  resurveyed  in  1768  when 
the  plot  was  returned  to  the  land  office. 
The  manor  was  eight  miles  wide  and  ex- 
tended back  15  miles  from  the  Susque- 
hanna river  in  York  county,  including  the 
town  of  York  and  64,250  acres  out  of  a 
proposed  tract  of  70,000  acres.  The  legal 
history  of  this  manor  in  which  Henry  Clay, 
Daniel  Webster  and  William  Wirt  figured 
is  interesting  but  want  of  space  prevents 
it's  presentation 

Louther  manor  in  Cumberland  county 
contained  7,551  acres,  was  situated  between 
the  Yellow  Breeches  and  Conedoguinet 
creeks  extending  back  some  distance  from 
the  Susquehanna  river,  and  received  its 
name  in  honor  of  a  nobleman  by  the  name 
oi  Louther,  who  had  married  a  sister  of 
William  Penn.  This  manor  was  first  sur- 
veyed in  1732  as  Paxtang  or  Paxton  manor 
being  set  aside  for  the  Shawanee  Indians 
who  afterwards  refused  to  return  on  it.  As 
Louther  manor  it  was  surveyed  in  1765  and 
resurveyed  in  1767. 

The  third  and  last  manor  laid  out  in  the 
district  was  the  manor  of  Maske  in  what  is 
now  Adams  county.  This  manor  received 
its  name  from  the  title  of  an  old  English 
estate  belonging  to  some  of  Thomas  Penn's 
distant  relations.     The  order  of  survey  was 


issued  in  1741  but  the  surveyors  were 
driven  off  in  that  year  by  Scotch-Irish  set- 
tlers on  its  soil,  who  had  previously  taken 
their  lands  by  warrant  and  license.  The 
survey  was  made  in  1766,  after  a  compro- 
mise with  the  Scotch-Irish,  and  its  bound- 
aries included  43.500  acres  instead  of  30,- 
000  acres  as  originally  ordered.  The 
manor  of  Maske  was  nearly  six  miles  wide 
and  12  miles  long  and  included  the  sites  of 
Gettysburg,  Mumasburg,  Seven  Stars  and 
McKnightstown.  Its  southern  boundary 
was  one  half  mile  north  of  Mason  and 
Dixon's  line,  and  Gettysburg  was  in  the 
eastern  edge  of  the  manor,  7^  miles  north 
of  the  south  boundary  line.  On  the  soil  of 
this  manor  was  fought  the  great  battle  of 
Gettysburg  near  the  place  where  the 
Scotch-Irish  drove  away  the  surveyor  and 
it  is  significant  that  while  the  Scotch-Irish 
won  the  right  to  their  own  labor,  Gettys- 
burg gave  the  ownership  of  their  own  labor 
to  4,000,000  of  negro  slaves. 

West  of  the  manor  of  Maske  was  Car- 
roll's Delight  and  east  of  it,  Digges'  Choice, 
two  large  tracts  of  land  surveyed  and  set- 
tled under  Maryland  warrants.  Carroll's 
Delight  was  a  short  distance  west  and  con- 
tained 5,000  acres  of  land  which  was  pat- 
ented by  Lord  Baltimore  in  1735  to 
Charles,  Mary  and  Eleanor  Carroll,  as  be- 
ing in  Frederick  county,  Maryland.  The 
Carrolls  had  it  surveyed  in  1732  and  sold 
numerous  tracts  to  early  settlers.  Digges' 
Choice  comprised  the  present  township  of 
Conewago,  Union  and  Germany  in  Adams 
county  and  Heidelberg  in  York.  The  ori- 
ginal warrant  granted  to  John  Digges,  a 
petty  nobleman,  of  Prince  George's  county, 
Maryland,  1727,  called  for  a  tract  of  10,000 
acres,  of  which  6,822  was  surveyed  in  1732 
under  the  name  of  Digges'  Choice  and  com- 
prised the  townships  heretofore  mentioned. 
Digges  not  only  sold  land  within  his  patent 
bounds  but  also  outside  to  some  Germans 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


and  soon  conflicting  claims  between  Penn- 
sylvania and  Maryland  settlers  led  to  the 
commencement  of  the  border  troubles.  A 
pait  Oi  the  Germans  outside  of  Digges' 
tract  lines  resisted  his  clai'.ns  made  on  tlien!, 
and  one  of  their  nimiber,  Jacob  Kitzmiller, 
shot  his  son,  Dudley  Digges,  and  routed 
the  Maryland  sheriff  when  attempting  to 
eject  these  German  settlers.  Kitzmiller  was 
demanded  by  Maryland  but  held  by  Penn- 
sylvania and  acquitted  upon  being  tried, 
and  M.  A.  Leeson  writing  of  this  event 
says:  "This  act  and  acquittal  of  the  pea- 
sant shed  new  light  on  the  land  question 
and  possibly  was  the  second  paving  stone 
in  the  street  which  is  leading  to  ownership 
of  land  by  the  cultivator  of  the  land." 

Pioneer  Races.  To  escape  religious 
persecution  three  races  speaking  two  dif- 
ferent languages  and  following  the  stand- 
ards of  different  churches,  came  almost 
contemporaneously  as  the  pioneers  of  the 
Nineteenth  Congressional  District,  where 
to  differences  of  blood,  language  and  re- 
ligion, they  added  difference  of  choice  in  lo- 
cating homes  and  settlements  in  different 
sections,  distinguished  from  each  other  by 
possessing  different  kinds  of  soil.  These 
pioneei  races  in  order  of  age  were: 

1.  English  Quakers  on  the  Red  Lands 
of  York  and  Adams. 

2.  German  Protestants  in  the  limestone 
valleys  of  York  and  Adams. 

3.  Scotch-Irish  Presb3'terians  on  the 
Slate  Lands  of  York  and  Adams  and  the 
limestone  and  slate  lands  of  Cumberland. 

One  of  the  later  and  most  powerful  of 
the  races  of  the  human  family  is  the  Eng- 
lish ;  and  the  making  of  the  Englishman 
can  be  traced  from  the  cradle  and  the  nur- 
sery of  the  human  race  in  Central  Asia, 
away  into  five  great  climatic  zones,  around 
Vvhose  settlement  centers  grew  race  masses. 
Three  were  in  Asia,  one  along  the  Nile,  and 
the  other  on  the  shores  of  the  i'lediterran- 


ean,  where  civilization  had  its  birth  and  the 
two  great  groups  of  modern  nations,  the 
Latin  and  the  Greek,  had  their  rise.  Of 
the  fierce  northland  German  peoples,  that 
swept  from  the  Mediterranean  to  the  Baltic, 
one  was  Teutonic,  whose  unconquerable 
t.nbes  settled  largely  along  the  northward 
waterways  from  the  heart  of  the  great  Ger- 
man forest  to  the  North  sea.  Three  of 
these  tribes,  the  Angles,  Jutes  and  Saxons, 
stretched  westward  along  the  North  sea 
coast  from  the  mouth  of  the  Elbe  river  to 
that  of  the  Weser.  Their  life  was  fierce 
and  the  land  was  wild,  but  both  were 
needed,  the  one  to  fashion  the  earliest  char- 
acter elements  of  the  parent  stock  of  the 
■\vondrous  Englishman,  and  the  other  to 
render  a  birthland  so  uninviting  as  to  drive 
its  children  forth  to  their  destiny  of  an  is- 
land home  and  a  world-wide  dominion.  The 
Britons'  appeal  for  aid  against  the  Pictish 
invader  of  Scotland  was  answered  by  the 
grating  of  Anglican,  Saxon  and  Jutish 
boats  upon  the  British  shore;  but  the  in- 
vited defenders,  when  the  Pict  was  driven 
back,  became  the  self-appointed  conquerors 
and  the  German  nursery  was  exchanged  for 
the  island  school  grounds  of  the  oncoming 
Englishman.  The  Angles  gave  their 
name  to  the  country,  the  Saxons  theirs  to 
the  language,  while  the  Jutes  were  so  few 
in  numbers  as  to  stamp  their  name  in  no 
prominent  way  and  were  even  denied  men- 
tion in  the  name  of  the  new  race,  which 
at  the  time  of  their  conquest  by  the  Nor- 
mans was  called  Anglo-Saxon.  The  Anglo- 
Saxon  had  driven  the  Briton  from  the  land, 
but  when  in  turn  they  were  conquered  by 
the  Dane  and  the  Norman  they  remained, 
and  in  one  hundred  and  fifty  years  had  so 
largely  absorbed  their  conquerers  that  they 
were  an  Anglo-Saxon  and  Norman-Dane 
people  that  became  known  as  English 
when  they  aided  the  Barons,  June  16,  1512, 
to  compel  King  John  to  sign  the  Magna 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


Charta,  which  secured  some  liberties  for 
all  the  people  of  England,  which  had  form- 
erly been  called  Angleland.  From  the 
granting  of  the  Great  Charter  the  English- 
man rapidly  developed  those  magnificent 
and  powerful  traits  of  character  for  which 
he  is  noted  all  over  the  world.  He  warred 
with  Wales  and  Scotland  and  France  from 
1282  to  1450,  and  in  the  next  hundred 
years  had  planted  great  colonies  in  the  new 
world.  In  the  meantime  the  strength  of 
the  English  people  was  increasing  in  the 
growth  of  the  House  of  Commons,  whose 
power  was  instrumental  in  the  destruction 
of  the  Feudal  nobility  in  the  War  of  the 
Roses,  but  was  not  powerful  enough  to 
restrain  the  Crown  until  the  days  of  the 
Stuarts.  Then  the  great  struggle  was 
fought  out  and  Absolute  monarchy  went 
down  in  the  great  Revolution  of  1688, 
when  Constitutional  government  and  a 
limited  monarchy  were  established.  One 
year  later  the  Bill  of  Rights  was  passed, 
the  Commons  was  in  the  ascendancy,  and 
the  making  of  the  Englishman  was  com- 
pleted. His  character  was  then  fully  formed. 
He  was  as  tmbending  as  oak,  possessed  of 
great  fortitude,  and  had  a  high  sense  of 
honor,  and  a  strong  love  of  home  and 
country.  Intelligence,  genius  and  deci- 
sion are  his  in  bountiful  measure  and 
though  sometimes  wrong,  yet  the  English 
have  swept  forward  in  a  career  of  great- 
ness among  the  nations  of  the  earth  that  has 
only  been  equaled  by  the  German  empire 
in  the  old  world,  and  only  can  be  surpassed 
in  the  new  world  by  the  United  States,  the 
mightiest  of  England's  m.any  planted  colo- 
nies in  the  different  parts  of  the  globe.  The 
Society  of  Friends  or  Quakers  arose  in 
religious  belief  which  was  in  opposition  to 
England  about  1650,  and  its  members  wer-- 
fined  and  imprisoned  on  account  of  their 
religious  belief  which  was  in  opposition  to 
all  wars,  oaths  and  a  paid  ministry.    When 


Penn  founded  his  colony  as  a  home  for  re- 
ligious liberty  his  Quaker  brethren  came 
over  in  large  numbers  from  England  and 
controled  the  political  policy  of  the  province 
of  Pennsylvania  from  1682  until  1752,  in 
which  year  several  Friends  withdrew  from 
the  legislature  that  their  places  might  be 
filled  by  those  in  favor  of  prosecuting  an 
Indian  war  provoked  by  unjust  treatment 
of  the  savages.  The  pioneer  English  were 
all  Friends  or  Quaker  except  a  few  who 
were  members  of  the  Established  Church 
of  England.  Day  credits  John  and  James 
Hendricks  as  being  the  first  English  set- 
tlers in  York  county,  in  1729,  while  Fisher 
seems  to  think  that  they  were  of  German 
lineage.  The  Hendricks  settled  near  the 
site  of  Wrightsville,  and  three  years  later 
Ellis  Lewis  and  other  Quakers  from  Ches- 
ter county  came  into  what  is  now  New- 
berry township,  and  were  rapidly  followed 
by  their  brethren  from  Chester  county, 
Philadelphia  and  New  Castle,  Delaware, 
who  settled  the  county  between  the  Cone- 
wago  and  the  Yellow  Breeches  creeks,  or 
the  northern  part  of  York  county,  com- 
prising the  present  townships  of  Newberry, 
Warrington,  Washington,  Fair  View, 
Monaghan,  Carroll  and  Franklin.  The 
Friends  also  spread  westward  along  the 
Conewago  into  Latimore,  Reading, 
Huntingdon  and  other  townships  of 
Adams  county.  Ellis  Lewis  and  other 
Quakers  who  came  to  what  is  now  New- 
berry township  in  1732  gave  the  name  of 
"Red  Lands"  to  the  county  on  account  of 
the  redness  of  the  soil  and  rock. 

The  second  pioneer  race  was  the  Ger- 
man Protestants  from  the  Palatinate  of 
Germany  who  settled  in  the  limestone  val- 
leys of  the  Codorus  and  Conewago  creeks 
of  York  and  Adams  counties.  They  were 
Lutherans,  German  Reformed,  Moravians, 
German  Baptists  or  Dunkards  and  Menno- 
nites  in  religious  belief,  and  they  spoke  the 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Allemannisch,  Pfalzisch  Schwabisch  dia- 
lects with  an  admixture  of  South  German. 
In  due  time  a  considerable  number  of  Eng- 
lish words  were  incorporated  and  the  re- 
sulting dialect  is  now  known  as  Pennsyl- 
vania German,  which  name  is  also  applied 
to  the  descendants  of  these  Palatinate  Ger- 
mans, with  whom  a  few  Swiss  came  and 
settled.  These  German  Protestants  were 
principally  natives  of  the  beautiful  Rhine- 
land  province  of  the  Palatinate  in  Germany 
and  the  neighboring  Rhenish  Bavarian 
cities  of  Mannheim  and  Heidelberg,  whose 
names  they  gave  to  two  townships  in  which 
they  settled  in  York  county.  Their  trans- 
Atlantic  homes  were  in  a  land  of  beauty, 
where  sunny  skies  bent  over  vineclad  hills, 
rich  valleys  and  mountains  covered  with 
noble  old  ruins  of  Feudal  times.  It  was 
also  a  land  of  song  and  story,  being  near 
"Bingen  on  Rhine,"  the  wicked  Bishop 
Hatto's  rat  haunted  palace  and  the  spot  of 
the  mythical  sunken  treasures  of  King 
Nibelung,  after  whom  is  named  the  Nibe- 
lungen  Lied,  that  collection  of  famous  epic 
poems  which  is  often  called  the  German 
Iliad.  Byron  in  his  tribute  to  this  Rhine- 
land  country  of  the  Palatinates  says, 
"The  river  nobly  foams  and  flows, — 

The  charm  of  this  enchanted  ground; 
And  all  its  thousand  turns  disclose 
Some  fresher  beauty  varying  round." 
Religious  and  political  wars  and  perse- 
cutions during  the  first  half  of  the  eight- 
eenth century  marked  the  Palatinate  and 
Bavarian  territory  with  a  wide  swath  of 
flame  and  a  dark  trail  of  blood,  and  sent 
thousands  from  those  provinces  to  the  new 
world  in  quest  of  peace  and  religious  lib- 
erty. An  able  and  interesting  account  ot 
the  Pennsylvania  Germans  has  been  writ- 
ten by  H.  L.  Fisher,  who  shows  himself  to 
be  well  acquainted  with  their  ancestry. 
character,  manners,  customs  and  dialect. 
He  speaks  at  length  of  their  industry,  thrift. 


patriotism  and  intelligence,  and  gives  long 
lists  of  Pennsylvania  Germans  who  have 
served  with  credit  and  distinction  in  na- 
tional, state  and  county  affairs  as  senators, 
congressmen,  governors,  assemblymen  and 
judges,  and  who  have  been  prominent  as 
artists,'  soldiers,  agriculturists,  educators 
and  divines.  He  makes  an  able  defense 
of  the  Pennsylvania  German  dialect  as  not 
being  a  mongrel  dialect  as  charged  by 
many  High  German  scholars  whose  lan- 
guage might  be  compared  to  Pennsylvania 
German  as  the  regular  army  to  the  militia. 
Mr.  Fisher  says  of  the  Pennsylvania  Ger- 
mans "that  as  a  body  they  are  among  the 
best,  trustworthy  class  of  people  in  this  or 
any  other  country.  Their  ambition  is, 
ever  has  been,  and  may  it  ever  continue  to 
be  good  rather  than  great,  solid  rather 
than  brilliant,  honest  rather  than  rich.  As 
practical  farmers,  they  are  unsurpassed;  as 
mechanics,  they  are  skillful,  reliable  and 
respectable;  as  merchants  and  financiers, 
they  have  shown  equally  with  others  that 
truth,  candor,  honesty  and  fair  dealing  are 
the  very  handmaids  of  success  in  business. 
As  soldiers  and  civilians,  as  clergymen  and 
laymen,  and  indeed  in  all  the  various  rela- 
tions of  life,  we  have  seen  them,  on  the 
average,  equal  to  emergencies  as  they 
chanced  to  arise,  and  fully  abreast  of  the 
times  with  their  fellow-citizens  of  other  na- 
tionalities. As  colonists  and  pioneers  in 
the  great  work  of  civilization  they  were 
behind  none  of  them."  Scharf  says,  "It  is 
almost  agreed  by  historians  and  philoso- 
phers that  the  capacity  of  a  race  of  people 
to  adjust  itself  to  new  environments  is  the 
proper  test  of  the  race's  vitality.  *  *  * 
Judged  by  this  test,  the  Germans  have  a 
greater  vitality  than  any  other  race,  for 
they  have  been  the  emigrating  race  par  ex- 
cellence, ever  since  the  authentic  history 
of  man  began."  Hegel  in  commenting 
on  the  German  spirit  as  the  spirit  of  the 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


23 


new  world,  says:  "The  Greeks  and  Romans 
had  reached  maturity  within,  ere  they  di- 
rected their  energies  outward.  The  Ger- 
mans on  the  contrary,  began  with  self-dif- 
fusion, dehiging  the  world  and  over  pow- 
ering in  their  course  the  inwardly  rotten, 
hollow  fabrics  of  the  civilized  nations 
Only  then  did  their  development  begin  by 
a  foreign  culture,  a  foreign  religion,  polity 
and  legislation.  This  receptivity  of  the 
German  races  made  them  the  best  immi- 
grants in  the  world.  Wherever  they  went 
they  conquered  the  people,  but  adopted 
and  assimilated  their  institutions.  They 
became  Gauls  in  Gaul,  Britons  in  Britain, 
and  they  learned  how  to  become  Americans 
in  the  United  States."  The  Palatinate  and 
Bavarian  Germans  between  1729  or  1730 
and  1734  spread  as  the  second  settlement 
wave  from  fhe  Susquehanna  southwestward 
through  the  limestone  valleys  of  York  and 
Adams  county  and  Kreutz  Creek  and  Lit- 
tle Conewago  were  among  the  earliest  set- 
tlements west  of  the  Susquehanna.  A  por- 
tion of  the  Germans  in  the  Conewago  set- 
tlement were  Catholics,  and  a  few  Swiss 
and  French  were  among  the  German  immi- 
grants. 

The  third  and  last  great  pioneer  race 
was  the  Scotch-Irish  Presbyterians,  who 
came  from  the  province  of  Ulster,  in  the 
north  of  Ireland  and  settled  in  the  York 
Barrens,  on  the  waters  of  Marsh  creek  and 
throughout  the  Cumberland  Valley.  The 
wonderful  Scotch-Irish  race,  in  its  career 
among  the  nations  of  the  earth,  has  been 
compared  to  the  Gulf  Stream  in  its  course 
through  the  waters  of  the  ocean.  To  trace 
the  making  of  the  Scotch-Irishman  we 
must  go  back  to  the  centuries  before  the 
Christian  era,  during  one  of  which  a  branch 
of  the  Gallic  or  Celtic  race  from  the  wild 
interior  of  Asia  settled  in  Asia  Minor, 
which  it  named  Galatia.  This  restless 
Gallic   people  soon  left  Asia,  and  passed 


through  Italy,  Spain  and  Southern  France, 
to  which  latter  it  gave  the  name  of  Gaul, 
and  settled  in  Great  Britain,  where  it  be- 
came the  Celtic  race  of  the  British  Isles. 
The  branches  that  settled  in  Ireland  and 
Scotland  soon  came  to  be  known  as  Scots. 
In  430  the  famous  St.  Patrick,  a  Scotch- 
man of  patrician  birth,  made  Ireland  the 
field  of  his  wonderful  religious  labors,  and 
one  hundred  and  twenty  years  later  St.  Co- 
lumba,  an  Irishman  of  Scot  blood,  and  of 
the  royal  lineage  of  the  house  of  Ulster, 
founded  in  the  Scottish  island  of  lona,  on 
the  ruins  of  an  old  Druid  institution,  the 
collej^e  of  Icolmkill,  which  shed  its  rays  of 
light  all  over  Europe  during  the  darkness 
of  the  Middle  Ages.  Three  centuries  after 
the  founding  of  this  great  college  came  the 
occupation  of  the  seed  bed  of  the  Scotch; 
Irish  race,  which  lies  in  the  watergirt  re- 
gion embracing  the  southern  part  of  the 
lowlands  of  Scotland,  then  known  as 
Stathclyde;  and  the  river-encircled  plain  of 
northern  England,  which  at  that  time  bore 
the  name  of  Northumbria.  Into  this  pe- 
culiar region  came  the  Dalriadaian  Scot 
from" the  north  of  Ireland  in  large  numbers 
to  absorb  its  few'  Celtic  inhabitants  who 
were  descendants  of  the  ancient  Britons  of 
King  Arthur's  days.  The  boldest  of  the 
Vikings  and  Sea  Kings  sailed  up  the  rivers 
of  this  land  and  left  many  of  their  bravest 
followers  to  become  a  part  of  a  new  form- 
ing race  by  infusing  into  it  the  best  blood 
of  the  Norseman,  the  Dane  and  the  Saxon. 
This  people  was  known  as  the  Lowland 
Scot,  and  from  1047  to  1605  passed  slowly 
through  a  fixing  period  in  which  they  as- 
sumed a  new  character  under  the  preach- 
ing of  John  Knox,  and  made  their  name 
famous  throughout  Europe  as  the  fighting 
grandsons  of  the  "old  raiders  of  the  North." 
In  1605  the  Lowland  Scot  was  ready  for 
transplanting  by  the  Divine  Husbandman, 
and  in  April   16,   1605,  the  English  court 


24 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


signed  the  charter  to  colonize  Ulster  or  the 
North  of  Ireland  with  the  Bible-reading 
Lowland  Scot  and  the  choicest  blood  of 
England  in  Northumbria.  The  Lowland 
Scot  stock  in  Ulster  was  modified  through 
immigration  by  the  choicest  elements  of 
the  Puritan,  the  Huguenot  and  the  Hol- 
lander, and  thus  became  the  Ulsterman, 
noted  for  thrift,  prudence  and  prosperity. 
He  made  a  war-worn  desert  a  fertile  land, 
and  then  finding  himself  persecuted  by  the 
English  government,  he  changed  from  the 
contented  colonist  to  the  exasperated 
Scotch-Irish  emigrant.  By  persecution 
the  LUsterman  was  made  ready  for  his  mis- 
sion in  the  new  world,  where  settling  on  the 
western  frontier  of  the  Thirteen  Colonies, 
he  became  the  Scotch-Irishman  of  history, 
so  named  from  the  dominating  strain  of  his 
blood  and  the  land  from  which  he  had 
come.  The  Scotch-Irishman  protected 
the  settlements  from  the  Indians,  was 
prominent  in  the  Revolution  and  mainly 
instrumental  in  winning  the  Northwest 
Teniiory.  The  characteristics  of  this  race 
are:  independence,  education  and  Script- 
ural faith;  and  being  "first  to  start  and  last 
to  quit,"  can  claim  that  his  past  is  his 
pledge  to  the  future.  A  clear  and  elo- 
quent description  of  the  Scotch-Irish  by  R. 
C.  Bair,  says,  "injected  as  they  were 
by  force  among  the  sects  and  races,  their 
short  career  of  distinct  provincialism  was 
full  of  momentous  possibilities.  The 
Scotch-Irish  are  no  longer  an  individual 
people;  they  are  a  lost  and  scattered  clan. 
The  world  has  absorbed  them;  they  are 
part  of  the  leaven  of  its  mighty  develop- 
ment." Craig  analyzes  finely  the  character 
of  James  I,  of  England,  tells  truthfully  and 
eloquently  the  history  of  the  Scotch-Irish, 
and  thinks  that  Barrens  of  York  county, 
where  a  number  of  them  settled,  were  not 
rendered  treeless  by  the  Indians  burning 
the  timber  for  hunting  purposes.     Between 


1734  and  1736  the  Scotch-Irish  settled  in 
the  Barrens  or  southeastern  part  of  York 
county;  on  Marsh  creek  around  the  site  of 
Gettysburg  in  Adams  county  and  in  a  long 
line  of  settlements  through  the  Cumber- 
land valley  from  the  Susquehanna  to  the 
Conococheague. 

A  century  later  than  the  early  settlements 
of  the  Scotch-Irish,  came  a  fourth  race — 
the  Welsh — emigrant  by  choice  and  not 
pioneer  by  religious  persecution.  The 
Welsh  came  from  about  1836  to  1850  and 
settled  in  Peach  Bottom  township,  York 
county,  where  they  founded  the  village  of 
West  Bangor  and  number  over  700  of  a 
population.  They  came  from  the  slate 
region  of  the  North  of  Wales,  are  an  in- 
telligent, industrious  and  remarkably  relig- 
ious people  and  have  become  very  pros- 
perous in  operating  the  Peach  Bottom 
slate  quarries  and  mines. 

In  speaking  of  the  place  each  of  these 
pioneer  races  occupied  and  the  influence  it 
exercised  in  building  up  the  state  and  the 
nation  we  find  a  brilliant  summary  made  by 
Bair  who  says:  "If  you  were  to  ask  what 
in  it  (the  past)  were  the  mightiest  forces 
employed  in  laying  the  foundations  of  our 
republic,  of  vitalizing  its  genius,  of  sur- 
mounting its  imposing  structure  with  the 
glory  of  American  ideas,  I  would  answer 
there  were  four.  These  were  the  four: 
The  Puritan,  which  was  pure;  the  Hugue- 
not, and  Waldensee,  which  was  sturdy;  the 
Quaker,  which  was  passive,  devout;  the 
Scotch-Irish,  which  was  belligerent  and 
God-fearing.  '•'  *  while  the  German  lived 
in  fertile  valleys,  growing  rich,  the  Scotch- 
Irishman  dwelt  upon  the  poorest  hills,  pro- 
ducing brains.  While  the  Quaker  loved 
freedom  he  hated  strife.  *  *  These  four 
are  the  bed  rock  of  American  society. 
They  all  came  with  their  Bibles  and  here 
is  the  genius  of  our  strength.  The  one  be- 
lieved in  prudence  and  preaching;  anotl;er 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


25 


in  perserverance  and  plowing;  another  in 
peace  and  persuasion;  tlie  Scotch-Irisli  in 
pluck  and  power.  They  all  believed  in 
prayer  and  Providence." 

Development  Periods.  From  the  time 
when  this  territory  was  yet  a  wilderness 
down  to  the  present  day  the  counties  of 
the  Nineteenth  Congressional  district  have 
made  their  history  one  of  progress  and  de- 
velopment. The  history  of  the  district 
may  be  divided  into  the  following  twelve 
periods,  of  which  nine  are  development 
and  three  are  war  periods ; 

1.  Pioneer  Period 1720-1736 

2.  Early  Settlement  Period.  ...  1736-1754 

3.  French  and  Indian  War  Period 

1 754- 1 763 

4.  Backwood's  Period 1763-1775 

5.  Revolutionary  War  Period.  .  1775- 1783 

6.  Iron  Manufacturing  Period.  1783- 1809 

7.  Pike  Period 1809-1831 

8.  Canal  Period 1831-1840 

9.  Early  Railroad  Period 1840-1861 

10.  Civil  War  Period 1861-1865 

11.  Improvment  Period 1865- 1876 

12.  Progressive    Period 1876 

The  pioneer  Period,  although  but  six- 
teen years  in  duration,  was  one  of  priva- 
tion, danger  and  suffering.  There  were 
no  roads  or  mills  and  but  few  wagons  or 
bridges  west  of  the  Susquehanna.  In- 
dians and  wild  beasts  were  numerous  and 
coimnunication  with  Lancaster  was  main- 
tained chiefly  b}'  pack  horse  travel  over 
paths  blazed  through  the  woods.  There 
were  no  physicians  but  two  or  three 
preachers,  and  neither  meeting  nor  school 
houses.  The  single  story  log  cabin,  and 
the  small  clearing  were  the  prominent  land 
marks  of  the  period.  The  Indians  ob- 
jected to  settlements  being  made  and  the 
Maryland  authorities  threatened  to  drive 
the  settlers  away.  Toward  the  close  of 
the  period  stone  houses  were  built,  pedlars 
came  out  with  their  packs  and  John  Day 


built  his  grist  mill  twelve  miles  north  of 
the  site  of  York.  These  pioneers,  Eng- 
lish, German  and  Scotch-Irish,  were  the 
advance  guard  of  civilization  west  of  the 
Susquehanna,  and  their  clearings  consti- 
tuted the  most  of  the  settlement  centers 
between  the  river  and  the  North  and  South 
mountains. 

Following  the  pioneer  came  the  early 
settler,  and  the  Early  Settlement  Period 
extended  from  1736  to  1754  when  all  pro- 
gress was  checked  by  war  with  the  French 
and  Indians.  The  period  commenced 
most  auspiciously  as  the  Indians  sold  their 
claim  to  the  land  and  Maryland  agreed  to 
refrain  from  further  invasion.  Hundreds 
of  immigrants  came  with  each  year;  farms 
were  increasing  in  number  and  size;  better 
houses,  and  a  few  churches  and  school 
houses  were  built,  and  the  different  com- 
munities became  connected  by  dirt  roads, 
the  first  of  which  was  surveyed  and  laid 
out  in  1735  from  Harris'  Ferry  to  Ship- 
pensburg,  while  the  first  road  in  York 
county  was  the  Monocacy  road  laid  out  in 
1739  over  a  trader's  route  from  Wrights- 
ville  past  the  sites  of  York  and  Hanover  to 
the  Maryland  line  and  the  earliest  road  in 
Adams  county  was  laid  out  in  1742  from 
the  site  of  Gettysburg  to  York.  The  main 
events  of  this  period  were  the  opening  of 
dirt  roads;  the  erection  of  York  (1749). 
and  Cumberland  (1750)  counties;  and  the 
founding  of  York  (1741),  Shippensburg 
(1749)  and  Carlisle  (1751);  and  the  stop- 
ping of  Penn's  survey  in  the  Marsh  Creek 
settlement  by  the  Scotch-Irish  settlers 
there.  The  settlement  centres  of  the 
Pioneer  Period — often  marked  by  a  mill, 
church  or  fort,  were  beginning  to  be  suc- 
ceeded by  the  town  germs  of  the  Early 
Settlement  Period.  In  the  great  Kittoch- 
tinny.  North  or  Cumberland  valley  and  the 
Conococheague,  Letort,  Conedoguinet, 
Big   Spring,    Yellow    Breeches   and    Ship- 


26 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


pensbiirg  settlements  had  grown  so  fast  as 
to  found  the  towns  of  Carlisle  and  Ship- 
pensburg;  while  the  Kreutz  Creek,  Cone- 
wago,  Newberry,  Codorus,  Lewis,  Wright's 
Ferry  and  York  Barrens  settlements,  only 
had  one  town  germ — York;  and  the 
Marsh  Creek  and  Little  Conewago  settle- 
ments were  represented  by  Woodstock 
now  Hunterstown. 

The  French  and  Indian  war  came  in  1754 
and  interrupted  all  settlement  and  progress 
during  the  nine  years  of  its  continuance, 
except  the  founding  of  Abbottstown  in 
1755.  This  period  was  principally  dis- 
tinguished for  frontier  fort  building,  the 
origin  of  the  Associator  companies  and  the 
erection  of  Dick's  bloomary  (1756)  in  York 
county,  while  it  is  marked  by  numerous 
Indian  incursions  whose  sorrowful  memo- 
ries of  inhuman  murders  will  be  handed 
down  unto  the  latest  generation. 

Succeeding  the  French  and  Indian  war 
came  a  Backwood's  Period  of  twelve  years, 
stretching  from  the  last  colonial  war  to  the 
great  Revolutionary  struggle.  The  Back- 
wood's  Period  was  noted  for  town  growth. 
York,  Carlisle  and  Shippensburg  increased 
rapidly  in  size  and  population,  and  became 
such  important  places  on  the  great  high- 
ways of  travel  from  Philadelphia  to  Balti- 
more and  the  west  that  York  contained 
eighteen  licensed  taverns  in  1765,  while 
Carlisle  and  Shippensburg  each  had  sev- 
eral taverns.  New  towns  were  also 
founded.  Hanover  and  Dover  were  laid 
out  respectively  in  1763  and  1764;  McSher- 
rytown  in  1763,  and  Lisburn  in  1766,  while 
a  few  other  towns  would  likely  date  back 
about  1765  if  their  history  had  been  written 
a  few  years  ago.  The  peddler  of  the  Pio- 
neer Period  with  his  packhorse,  and  the 
small  cross  roads  store  room  were  largely 
superseded  by  the  town  store  of  respectable 
dimensions  for  that  day.  Settlements  were 
widening    out,    frame,    stone    and    brick 


houses  were  being  built  and  saw  and  grist 
mills  were  going  up  at  dififerent  points, 
while  churches  and  school  houses  were  in- 
creasing rapidly,  and  permanent  phvsicians 
came  into  the  district.  The  "Conestoga" 
wagon  was  introduced  about  1770,  and  the 
horse  travel  for  the  west  from  Carlisle  and 
Shippensburg  called  for  horses  by  the 
hundred.  The  fires  of  the  first  forges  and 
furnaces  in  the  district  were  lighted  up  be- 
tween 1763  and  1770,  and  immigration 
poured  into  every  county,  adding  to  old 
and  forming  new  settlements;  but  growth 
and  prosperity  were  a  second  time  arrested 
by  the  ruthless  hand  of  war,  when  the  news 
of  Lexington  swept  like  a  flame  of  fire 
over  hill  and  dale,  and  awoke  a  spirit  of 
independence  in  every  breast. 

The  Revolutionary  war  lasted  eight 
years  and  while  it  checked  settlement, 
stopped  immigration  and  stayed  pursuit 
and  industry,  yet  it  gave  political  indepen- 
dence and  the  soldier  life  of  the  hundreds 
who  went  from  the  district  into  the  Conti- 
nental armies  broke  down  the  clannish 
spirit  of  the  Scotch-Irishman  and  the  Ger- 
man alike,  leading  to  more  homogeneous 
relations  between  those  antagonistic  races. 

The  Revolution  was  succeeded  by  the 
Iron  Manufacturing  Period  of  thirty-six 
years,  during  which  forge,  furnace  and 
rolling  mills  were  actively  operated  in 
Cumberland  and  York  counties,  and  con- 
stituted the  predominant  interest  of  the 
district.  Distilling,  wool  carding,  fishing 
and  lumbering  were  active  industries,  while 
agricultural  interests  were  greatly  advanced 
by  the  introduction  of  clover  in  1800  in  the 
northern  part  of  York  county.  Between 
1790  and  1800  Gettysburg  and  several 
other  towns  were  founded,  and  in  1800 
Adams  county  was  formed  from  York, 
while  in  the  next  nine  years  town-founding 
and  town-building  were  still  prominent 
features.     Between    1800   and    1809   there 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


27 


was  a  considerable  stream  of  emigration 
from  the  district  to  Kentucky  and  Ohio. 
In  1785  the  first  college — Dickinson — and 
the  first  newspaper — the  Carlisle  Gazette — 
were  established.  In  1789  Wright's 
Ferry  came  very  near  being  selected  as  the 
site  of  the  national  capital.  Postoffices 
were  established  at  York,  Carlisle  and 
Shippensburg  about  1790,  the  Conewago 
canal,  the  first  canal  in  the  United  States, 
was  built  around  the  Conewago  Falls,  be- 
tween 1792  and  1796,  and  the  old  Columbia 
bridge  was  erected  in  1809. 

As  manufactures  and  farm  products  in- 
creased there  was  a  demand  for  good  roads 
for  transportation  and  travel,  and  the  Pike 
Period  came  in  the  history  of  the  district 
where  it  held  place  for  twenty-two  years. 
In  1809  the  Susquehanna  and  York  Bor- 
ough, the  Hanover  and  Maryland  Line, 
turnpikes  were  commenced.  The  next 
year  the  State  Road  from  Harrisburg  to 
Gettysburg  was  surveyed.  The  Hanover 
and  Carlisle  road  was  commenced  ini8i2; 
the  York  and  Maryland  Line,  in  1814;  the 
Harrisburg  and  Chambersburg,  in  1816; 
the  Berlin  and  Hanover  in  1818;  and  the 
York  and  Gettysburg  in  1819.  Over  these 
roads  passed  great  numbers  of  carriages 
and  stages  and  long  lines  of  wagons.  Dur- 
ing the  Pike  Period,  Free  Masonry  was 
introduced  by  the  institution  of  St.  John's 
Lodge  at  York  in  1810,  and  Gettysburg 
Theological  Seminary  was  established  in 
1826,  but  the  great  event  of  the  period  was 
the  war  of  1812  which  did  not  however 
airest  public  enterprise  or  private  effort 
although  the  district  was  threatened  by  in- 
vasion when  the  British  attacked  Balti- 
more. Some  paper  towns  were  laid  out  on 
expected  results  of  the  Susquehanna  lum- 
bering and  fishing  industries. 

The  Canal  Period  opened  in  1831  when 
the  public  demanded  a  trial  of  canals  as 
cheaper  routes  to  city  markets  than  were 


afforded  by  turnpikes.  The  Conewago 
canal  allowed  lumber  and  boats  to  pass  the 
Conewago  falls  on  the  Susquehanna  river, 
which  was  the  great  water-front  of  the  dis- 
trict, and  the  Codorus  canal  of  three  miles 
with  eight  miles  of  slack  water  connected 
York  with  the  river,  but  no  canal  route  to 
the  cities  was  offered  until  1831  when  the 
great  Pennsylvania  canal  was  constructed 
past  the  eastern  part  of  the  district  offering 
a  water  route  from  Philadelphia  to  Pitts- 
burg. The  packet  boat  supplanted  the 
stage  coach  but  this  route  was  too  long, 
and  a  demand  was  made  in  1836  for  the 
building  of  a  canal  from  Columbia  down 
the  Susquehanna  and  tide  water  canal. 
This  canal  was  built  at  a  cost  of  $4,000,000 
and  opened  to  the  public  in  1840.  The 
opening  of  the  Pike  Period  was  marked  by 
the  founding  of  Pennsylvania  College  and 
its  closing  year  witnessed  the  introduction 
of  the  reaper. 

Boundary  lines  are  hard  to  draw  be- 
tween the  Pike  and  Canal  Periods  and  the 
terminal  limit  of  the  latter  is  closely  blended 
with  the  initial  line  of  its  successor.  The 
Early  Railroad  Period  which  seems  to 
stretch  from  1840  to  1861  is  a  distinctive 
part  of  the  history  of  the  district.  Although 
the  Northern  Central,  the  York  and  Mary- 
land Line  and  Cumberland  Valley  railroads 
were  built  by  1838  yet  they  did  not  gener- 
ally effect  the  canal  trade  until  two  years 
later.  The  York  and  Wrightsville  road 
was  completed  in  1840.  the  York  and  Cum- 
berland, in  1850,  and  the  Hanover  and 
Littlestown  in  1858.  During  this  period 
Odd  Fellowship  was  introduced  into  the 

district  in   1843  when  Lodge  was 

instituted  at  Shippensburg,  the  Cumber- 
land Agricultural  Society  was  formed  in 
1854,  and  the  Shippensburg  State  Normal 
school  organized  in  1857.  All  progress 
was  arrested  by  the  late  Civil  War  in  thf 
gloomy  spring  days  of  1861. 


28 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Following  the  late  Civil  War  came  an 
Improved  Period  reaching  form  1865  to 
the  Centennial  Exhibition,  during  which 
every  industry  was  quickened  into  new  life 
and  increased  production,  the  old  and  some 
new  railways  were  important  factors  of  de- 
velopment in  this  period  which  was  distin- 
guished by  improvements  in  every  field  of 
human  industry  where  comfort,  conven- 
ience or  usefulness  were  matters  of  consid- 
eration. Improved  conditions  of  life  seem- 
ed to  be  among  the  predominant  ideas  of 
this  period  of  1 1  years,  which  recorded  the 
recovery  of  this  nation  from  the  depressing 
effects  of  the  greatest  war  of  modern  times. 

The  Centennial  year  was  alike  a  century 
and  a  period  mark,  ushering  into  existence 
an  era  unequaled  in  the  world's  advance- 
ment and  opening  the  twelfth  historical  or 
the  ninth  development  period  of  the  Nine- 
teenth Congressional  District.  The  visit 
of  hundreds  from  the  district  to  the  Cen- 
tennial at  Philadelphia  had  much  to  do 
with  calling  into  existence  the  present  Pro- 
gressive Period.  Viewing  the  exhibits  of 
every  land  in  ever}'  department  of  industry 
and  education  they  came  back  with  broad 
views  and  new  ideas  of  mental  and  material 
progress     whose     consummation     became 


their  life-work.  Thus  the  wonderful  re- 
sults of  industry  and  invention  were 
brought  prominently  before  the  people 
whose  taste  was  farther  educated  by  the 
Columbian  Exposition,  the  latest  and 
greatest  of  internation  exhibits.  The  im- 
proved service  of  railway  and  telegraph, 
the  introduction  of  the  telephone,  phono- 
graph and  electric  light  and  motor  power, 
and  of  labor-saving  machinery  in  mine, 
shop  and  factory  and  on  field  and  highway 
has  rendered  splendid  the  record  of  mater- 
ial progress  in  the  celebrated  old  counties 
of  the  Nineteenth  District. 

Cities  and  Villages  The  only  city  so 
far  in  the  district  is  York,  an  important 
railroad,  manufacturing  and  educational 
center  in  York  county.  The  most  popu- 
lous and  important  boroughs  are  men- 
tioned in  the  preceding  chapter,  while  the 
numerous  pleasant  and  prosperous  villages 
will  be  described  in  Chapter  X.  These 
boroughs  and  villages  nestle  beneath  the 
mountains,  sleep  in  the  green  valleys  or 
stand  upon  the  highways  of  travel  and 
commerce  in  the  Nineteenth  Congressional 
District  which  holds  high  and  worthy 
place  in  the  great  Commonwealth. 


CHAPTER  III. 


French  and  Indian  War — The    Revolution — Continental  Congress — Frontier 

Defense — National  Capital  Site — Whiskey  Insurrection — War  of  1812 

Mexican  War — War  of  the  Rebellion — Subsequent  Military  History. 


THE  MILITARY  history  of  the 
Nineteenth  District  is  one  of  in- 
terest and  event,  and  attained  to 
national  importance  in  the  Revolutionary 
struggle  and  the  war  for  the  preservation 
of  the  Union.  Soldiers  of  the  district  have 
served  in  six  wars  of  the  Republic  against 
foreign  foes,  savage  Indians  and  domestic 
enemies. 

French  and  Indian  War.  Unjust 
treatment  of  the  Indians  by  the  Whites 
roused  the  savages  to  resistance  and  led  to 
invasions  and  cruel  murders  along  the 
western  frontier  from  the  Hudson  to  the 
Delaware.  The  just  and  peaceful  policy 
of  the  Quakers  preserved  peace  on  the 
western  frontiers  of  Pennsylvania  for 
nearly  seventy  years,  and  then  their  power 
was  not  sufficient  to  control  their  own  or 
influence  the  legislation  of  adjoining  pro- 
vinces. 

There  was  an  Indian  alarm  on  the  west- 
ern border  of  Cumberland  and  Adams 
county  in  1745  and  another  in  1748,  when 
an  associated  regiment  of  ten  companies 
was  raised  in  the  Cumberland  valley,  but 
no  Indian  depredations  were  committed. 
The  first  measure  of  protection  taken  for 
the  benefit  of  the  expose"d  settlements  was 
the  building  of  frontier  forts,  which  were 
mostly  stockades.  This  fort  building  con- 
tinued pretty  actively  from  1753  to  1764, 
and  of  these  forts  in  Cumberland  county 
we  have  account  of  the  following:  Letort 


and  Louther  forts  built  in  1753;  Fort  Crog- 
han,  in  1755;  Forts  Franklin  and  Morris, 
at  Shippensburg,  in  1755;  and  Forts  Fer- 
guson and  McAllister,  in  1764.  After 
Braddock's  defeat  in  1755  the  Cumberland 
valley  and  part  of  Adams  county  was  al- 
most deserted  by  the  settlers,  and  the  In- 
dians threatening  from  the  north  four  forts 
of  some  size  were  built  above  the  North 
Mountain  in  the  Susquehanna  valley.  In 
the  ensuing  spring  Shingis  and  Captain 
Jacobs  led  large  bands  of  Delawares  into 
the  Cumberland  valley  and  in  one  in- 
stance at  the  Great  Cove  killed  and  cap- 
tured 50  whites.  Settlers  were  killed  and 
captured  almost  in  sight  of  Carlisle  and 
Shippensburg,  the  two  main  fortified  posts 
along  the  North  Mountain.  Captain  Cul- 
bertson  followed  the  Great  Cove  raiders 
and  was  killed  with  11  of  his  men  in  a 
fight  west  of  Sideling  Hill,  and  Captain 
Hance  Hamilton  who  followed  an  other 
war  party  lost  seven  men  in  a  fight  with 
them.  Col.  John  Armstrong  led  an  expe- 
dition in  1757  against  the  Indian  town  and 
headquarters  at  Kittanning,  on  the  Alle- 
gheny river  which  he  destroyed,  and  thus 
gave  rest  to  the  Cumberland  Valley  from 
Indian  raids  for  a  couple  of  years.  Then 
in  1759  followed  a  few  raids,  one  of  which 
penetrated  York  county  and  killed  two 
men,  while  several  were  killed  in  Adams 
and  a  number  killed  and  captured  in  Cum- 
beiland,  but  the  next  four    years    passed 


30 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


with  but  few  Indian  depredations.  The 
French  who  had  urged  on  the  Indians  to 
these  raids  were  dispossessed  of  Canada 
and  1763  when  Indian  troubles  were  sup- 
posed to  be  nearly  over  the  mighty  war- 
chief  Pontiac  commenced  his  daring  war  of 
extermination  against  the  English  forts 
and  settlements  and  the  Delawares  and 
Shawnees  from  Ohio  burst  like  a  whirlwind 
on  the  Cumberland  valley.  The  settlers 
again  fled  by  hundreds  to  the  forts  and  to 
points  east  of  the  Susquehanna  river  and 
the  Cumberland  valley  and  the  western 
part  of  Adams  were  in  a  manner  deserted 
until  Boquet's  victory  at  Bushy  Run  broke 
the  power  of  the  Indians  east  of  the  Ohio 
river  and  restored  some  confidence,  but  as- 
sociate companies  were  kept  under  arms  as 
late  as  1765.  Col.  John  Armstrong,  Capt. 
Hance  Hamilton,  the  Bradys  and  Butlers 
and  the  mysterious  hunter  scout  and  In- 
dian slayer  Captain  Jack  were  the  leaders 
of  the  settlers,  and  while  numbers  of  the 
savages  were  killed  yet  many  whites  were 
murdered  and  taken  prisoner  and  different 
settlements  almost  ruined. 

The  Revolution.  The  French  and  In- 
dian war  was  the  special  training  school  in 
which  the  thirteen  colonies  prepared  them- 
selves for  their  oncoming  and  successful 
struggle  for  independence  from  England. 
From  weight  of  numbers  and  aggressiveness 
of  character,  three  elements  of  American 
population — the  Puritan,  the  Cavalier  and 
the  Scotch-Irish,  were  predominant  factors 
in  opposing  parliamentary  usurpations  and 
carrying  on  the  Revolutionary  struggle  to 
a  successful  termination.  The  Dutch  of 
New  York,  the  Germans  of  Pennsylvania, 
the  Catholics  of  Maryland  and  the  French 
Huguenots  of  Georgia  and  the  Carolinas, 
in  proportion  to  their  numbers,  bore  well 
their  parts  in  the  great  struggle.  The  Puri- 
tan of  New  England  received  the  first 
shock  of  the  contest  that  was  carried  south- 


ward to  its  termination  in  the  land  of  the 
Cavalier.  The  Cavalier  like  the  Puritan 
fought  mainly  in  his  own  territory,  but  the 
Scotch-Irish  from  their  center  in  western 
North  Carolina  spread  both  northward  and 
southward  along  the  Allegheny  mountains 
and  fought  from  Bennington  to  King's 
Mountain,  at  which  places  they  turned  the 
tides  of  war  that  led  to  the  surrender  of 
Burgoyne  and  Cornwallis. 

Resistance  to  Parliamentary  oppressions 
was  roused  west  of  the  Susquehanna, 
nearly  a  year  before  Lexington  and  Con- 
cord called  the  colonies  to  arms.  On  June 
12,  1774,  the  citizens  of  York  county  were 
called  to  meet  at  Yorktown,  where  on  that 
day  resolutions  in  favor  of  Boston's  resist- 
ance to  commercial  restrictions  were  passed 
and  a  committee  of  thirteen  members  ap- 
pointed as  a  committee  of  correspondence. 
A  call  was  also  issued  in  the  Cumberland 
valley,  and  on  July  12th,  a  meeting  was 
held  at  Carlisle  and  a  committee  of  corres- 
pondence appointed  of  thirteen  members  in- 
cluding Cols.  John  Armstrong  and  Eph- 
raim  Blaine,  the  latter  being  popular  on  ac- 
count of  his  brave  defense  of  Fort  Ligonier 
during  Pontiac's  war.  In  1775  aid  was 
raised  for  Boston  in  Cumberland  and  York 
counties,  the  latter  of  which  contributed, 
£246  8s.  lod. 

When  the  news  of  Lexington  came  and 
Congress  called  for  troops  the  committee 
of  Cumberland  county  acted  so  promptly 
and  so  efficiently  that  by  May  6th  3000  men 
were  formed  into  associator  companies, 
having  but  1,500  arms  and  500  men  were 
ordered  to  march  when  needed.  The 
county  was  assessed  27,000  pounds  for  mil- 
itary purposes,  and  the  First  Rifle  regi- 
ment of  Pennsylvania  was  raised  within  its 
boundaries.  This  regiment  was  formed 
within  ten  days  after  the  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill  and  its  officers  were:  William  Thomp- 
son, colonel;  Edward  Hand,  lieutenant-col- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


31 


onel;   Robert  Magaw,   major;  and  James 
Chambers,     Robert      Cluggage,      Michael 
Doudel,  WilHam  Hendricks,  John  Loudon, 
James  Ross,  Matthew  Smith,  and  George 
Nagle,  captains;  Dr.  WiUiam  Magaw  was 
surgeon,  and  Rev.  Samuel  Blair  served  as 
chaplain.      The    regiment    numbered   798 
men  all  told,  was  raised  for  one  year  and 
then  re-enlisted  for  the  war.     The    First 
Rifle  regiment  was  composed  of  men  of 
splendid  physique  and  unerring  marksmen- 
ship,  who  were  dressed  in  white  rifle  shirts 
and  round  hats,  and  its  record  was  one  of 
hardship    and    bravery    from    Boston    to 
Yorktown.     Smith  and    Hendricks    com- 
panies were  under  Arnold  at  Quebec,  and 
part  of  the  regiment  was  captured  in  Cana- 
da.    The  regiment  afterwards    fought    in 
every  battle  under  Washington  from  Long 
Island  to  Yorktown,  and  then  went  with 
Wayne  to  the  south  where  it  was  in  the 
last   battle   of  the    Revolution   at   Sharon, 
Georgia.     Of  its  commanders  Thompson 
and  Hand  became  brigadier  generals,  and 
Captain   Chambers  was  promoted  to  col- 
onel, while  Captain  Wilson  became  major. 
Some  men  from  Cumberland  county  were 
in  the  Second,  Third  and  Fourth  battalions. 
The  Fifth  battalion  was  raised  chiefly  in 
the  county  and  left  in  March,  1776,  under 
command  of  Col.  Robert  Magaw,  formerly 
major  in  the  First  Rifles.  The  Fifth  was  in 
the  retreat  from  Long  Island  and  then  vvitii 
other  troops  were  placed  to  garrison  Ft. 
Washington    which    was    so    gallantly  de- 
fended by  Colonel  Magaw,  who  was  finally 
compelled  to  surrender,  when  the  soldiers 
of  the  Fifth  were  made  prisoners  and  held 
until  the    close    of    the   Revolution.     The 
Third  regiment  organized  in  Cumberland 
county  was  the  Sixth  Pennsylvania,  whose 
officers    were:      William    Irvine,   colonel; 
Thomas        Hartley,        lieutenant-colonel ; 
James  Dunlap,  major;  and  Samuel    Hay, 
Robert  Adams,  Abraham  Smith,  William 


Rippey,   James    A.    Wilson,    David    Grier, 
Moses    McLean,    and    Jeremiah    Talbott, 
captains.     A  portion  of  the  Sixth  was  cap- 
tured in  Canada  June  6,  1776,  and  in  1777 
the  broken  Sixth  and  Seventh  were  con- 
solidated in   one  command  which   servea 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  Of  the  officers 
of  the  Sixth,  Colonel  Irvine  was  promoted 
brigadier-general,   and   Captain    Grier    to 
colonel.     Colonels  Frederick     Watts     and 
John  Montgomery  commanded  regiments 
taken  at  Ft.  Washington,  which  were  sup- 
posed to  have  been  largely  recruited  in  the 
Cumberland  valley,  and    Capt.    Jonathan 
Robinson  commanded  a    company     which 
fought  at  Princeton.     In  1777  under  a  new 
militia    organization     the    battalions    were 
numbered  in  each  county.     The  First  bat- 
talion of  Cumberland  was  successively  com- 
manded by  Col.  Ephraim  Blaine  and  Col. 
James  Dunlap.     The  Second  battalion  was 
commanded   successively    by    Cols.    John 
Allison,  James   Murray  and  John    Davis. 
The  Fourth  battalion  was  under  Col.  Sam- 
uel, and  the  Fifth  was  commanded  by  Col. 
Joseph  Armstrong,  while  the  Sixth  had  for 
its    commander,    Col.     Culbertson.      The 
Seventh  battalion    of  Cumberland    couniv 
county  was  under  Col.  William  Irvine,  and 
the  Eighth  was  commanded  by  Col.  Abra- 
ham Smith.     Many  of  the  enlistments  were 
for  six  months  and  often  a  soldier  served 
in  several  commands  during  the  war.  The 
county  furnished   334  men   to   the   Flying 
Camp  in  1776,  and  in  that  year  Capt.  Wil- 
liam Peebles  commanded  a  company  of  81 
riflemen  which  fought  on  Long  Island  and 
at     Princeton.     Some     of   the    companies 
raised  were  from  what  is    now    Franklin 
county  and  it  is  impossible  to  give  a  full 
list  of  the  officers  and  men  who  served  from 
Cumberland    county.     Col.    James    Smith, 
Capt.    Samuel    Brady,    Col.    Patrick   Jack, 
often  called  Captain  Jack,  the  wild  hunter 
of  the  Juniata,  and  the  five  fighting  But- 


32 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


lers  were  among  the  officers  of  the  county 
who  distinguished  themselves  in  the  Revo- 
Uition  and  afterwards  on  the  frontier.  Col. 
James  Smith  offered  to  raise  a  battalion  of 
riflemen  accustomed  to  the  Indian  method 
of  fighting  but  Washington  declined  to  in- 
troduce such  an  irregular  element  into  the 
army.  In  1777  a  Tory  plot  was  discovered 
to  destroy  public  stores  at  Carlisle,  York 
and  other  places,  and  the  estates  of  several 
persons  implicated  were  sold  by  the  com- 
mittee on  forfeited  estates  and  the  money 
used  for  the  purchase  of  arms  and  provis- 
ions. From  1777  to  1780  wagon  masters 
were  appointed  for  the  county  which  fur- 
nished at  one  time  as  high  as  800  four- 
horse  wagons  to  transport  stores  and  sup- 
plies. The  owners  of  the  wagons  were 
paid  for  them  and  the  number  of  horses 
furnished.  Armories  were  kept  up  at  Car- 
lisle and  Shippensburg  and  William  Den- 
ning succeeded  in  making  two  cannon  of 
wrought  iron,  one  of  which  was  taken  by 
the  British  at  Brandywine  and  is  said  now 
to  be  in  the  tower  of  London.  Col.  Ephraim 
Blaine  served  as  assistant  quartermaster- 
general  of  Washington's  army,  and  his 
extensive  fortune  was  ever  at  the  disposal 
of  his  county.  Others  were  equally  pa- 
triotic with  Col.  Blaine,  and  pastors  Hke 
Craighead,  Steel,  King,  and  Cooper  not 
onlv  preached  in  favor  of  war  but  enlisted 
and  served  under  Washington;  and  the  pa- 
triotism of  the  people  was  such  that  on  May 
23,  1 776, they  sent  a  memorial  to  the  assem- 
bly in  which  they  boldly  advocated  separa- 
tion from  Great  Britain  if  necessary  for  the 
freedom  and  happiness  of  the  colonies.  The 
assembly  acted  favorably  on  the  petition 
and  when  Congress  took  final  action  on  the 
motion  for  Independence,  Pennsylvania 
was  carried  in  its  favor  by  the  casting  vote 
of  James  Wilson,  of  Cumberland  county. 
York  county  was  as  active  in  the  cause  of 
independence  as  Cumberland,  and  her  com- 


mittee of  correspondence  was  appointed  at 
a  meeting  held  in  York,  June  24,  1774, 
when  aid  was  promised  to  Boston  in  resist- 
ing parliamentary  measures  of  injustice.  On 
the  28th  and  29th  of  July,  1775,  the  county 
was  divided  into  five  battalion  districts.  The 
companies  of  Yorktown,  Manchester, 
Windsor,  Codorus,  York  and  Hellam  town- 
ships comprised  the  First  battalion  com- 
manded by  Col.  James  Smith.  The  com- 
panies of  Cumberland,  Hamiltonban, 
Straban,  Menallen,  Mt.  Joy  and  Tyrone 
townships  formed  the  Second  battalion 
commanded  by  Col.  Robert  McPherson. 
The  companies  of  Heidelberg,  Berwick, 
Paradise,  Mt.  Pleasant,  Germany  and  Man- 
heim  townships  constituted  the  Third  bat- 
talion under  command  of  Col.  Richard 
McAllister.  The  companies  of  Chanceford, 
Shrewsbury,  Fawn  and  Hopewell  town- 
ships formed  the  Fourth  battalion,  under 
command  of  Col.  William  Smith.  The 
companies  of  Dover,  Newberry,  Monaghan, 
Warrington,  Huntingdon  and  Reading 
townships  constituted  the  Fifth  battalion 
commanded  by  Col.  William  Rankin. 
From  each  of  these  battalions  a  company 
of  minute  men  was  to  be  organized  to  form 
a  battalion  whose  officers  were  Richard 
McAllister,  colonel;  Thomas  Hartley,  lieu- 
tenant-colonel; and  David  Grier,  major.  In 
September,  1775,  there  were  reported  the 
names  of  3,349  officers  and  men  in  militia 
or  associator  companies.  In  1776,  David 
Grier,  Moses  McLean,  Archibald  M'Allis- 
ter  and  other  captains  raised  companies 
which  served  in  the  celebrated  First  Rifle 
or  nth  regiment  of  the  Pennsylvania  Line 
which  has  been  described  in  a  preceding 
paragraph.  In  May,  1776,  Capt.  William 
McPherson  recruited  a  rifle  company  which 
was  attached  to  Colonel  Miles  command  at 
Philadelphia,  and  in  July,  five  battalions  of 
militia  marched  from  York  county  to  New 
Jersey,  where  two  battalions  were  formed 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


33 


from  them  to  become  a  part  of  the  Flying 
Cainp  and  the  remainder  sent  home.  The 
Flying  Camp  numbered  10,000  men  organ- 
ized in  three  brigades,  the  first  of  which  was 
commanded  by  Gen.  James  Ewing,  of  York 
county.  The  First  battalion  of  York  coun- 
ty comprised  eight  companies  in  numerical 
order  commanded  by  Capts.  Michael  Smei- 
ser,  Gerhart  Graefif,  Jacob  Dritt,  Christian 
Stake,  John  McDonald,  John  Ewing,  Wil- 
liam Nelson  and  Williams.       The 

Second  battalion  had  six  York  and  Bucks 
county  companies.  The  York  companies 
■were:  Bittenger's,  McCarter's,  McCon- 
key's.  Laird's,  Wilson's  and  Paxton's. 
These  battalions  suffered  terribly  on  Long 
L<lan(l  ,ind  at  Fort  Washington  where 
nearly  all  of  the  First  battalion  were  taken 
prisoners.  In  1777  two  calls  were  made 
on  the  York  county  militia  and  in  April, 
1778,  the  county  had  4,621  militia  divided 
into  eight  battalions  of  eight  companies 
each  numbered  from  first  to  eighth. 
The  First  battaHon  was  under  Col.  James 
Thompson  and  the  companies  in  numeri- 
cal order  were  commanded  by  Capts. 
William  Dodd,  Daniel  Williams,  John 
Shover,  Daniel  May,  James  Parkinson, 
Benjamin  Heable,  Francis  Boner,  and 
John  O'Blainess,  with  873  men.  The 
Second  battalion,  Col.  William  Ranlcin, 
with  Capts.  William  Ashton,  John  Ran- 
kin, Simon  Copenhaver,  Jacob  Hiar, 
Emanuel  Harman,  John  Mansberger,  Wil- 
liam Walls  and  Yost  Harbaugh,  and  514 
men.  The  Third  battalion.  Col.  David 
Jameson,  with  Capt.  David  Beaver,  Got- 
fried  Fry,  Peter  Frote,  Christ  Lauman, 
Alex.  Ligget,  George  Long,  and  Michael 
Halm,  and  521  men.  The  Fourth  battal- 
ion, Col.  John  Andrew  with  Capts. , 

John  King,  William  Gilliland,  Samuel  Mor- 
rison, John  AIcElvain,  John  Stockton,  Sam- 
uel Erwin,  and  Thomas  Stockton,  and  529 


men.  The  Fifth  battalion.  Col.  Joseph  Jef- 
fries, with  Capts.  John  Maye,  Adam  Black, 
William  McCleary,  David  Wilson,  Joseph 
Morrison,  WiUiam  Miller,  Thomas  Orbison 
and  John  Paxton,  and  nearly  500  men. 
The   Sixth   battahon.   Col.    William    Ross, 

with   Capts.  Laird,   Casper  Reineka, 

,  Frederick  Hurtz,  Peter  Ickes, 

Leonard  Zenew  and  Abraham  Sell,  and  630 
men.  The  Seventh  battalion,  Col.  David 
Kennedy,  with  Capts.  Thomas  Latta, 
Thomas  White,  John  Miller,  Peter  Aldin- 
ger,  John  Arman,  George  Geiselman,  Jacob 
Ament  and  John  Sherer  and  489  men.  The 
Eighth  battalion,  Col.  Henry  Slagle,  with 
Capts.  Nicholas  Gelwix,  John  Reed,  Wil- 
liam Gray, ,  John  Reppey,  Jos- 
eph Reed,  and  Thomas  McNery,  and  487 
men.  Cols.  David  Jameson,  and  Thomas 
Hartley,  Gens.  Henry  Miller,  and  Jacob 
Dritt, Col.  Martin  Dill.Maj.  Joseph  Prowell 
and  Ensign  Jacob  Barnitz  were  among  the 
prominent  militar}'  men  of  York  county  in 
the  Revolution,  but  of  the  many  brave  sol- 
diers and  officers  from  the  county  who 
fought  for  independence,  only  a  scant  rec- 
ord can  be  found. 

The  territory  of  Adams  county  then  a 
part  of  York,  sent  many  of  Scotch— Irish 
and  German  sons  to  fight  on  the  battlefield 
of  the  Revolution.  Quite  a  number  of 
York  county  companies  were  raised  on 
Adams  county  territory,  and  bore  well  their 
part  on  march  and  in  battle.  The  promi- 
nent military  leaders  were  Cols.  Robert  Mc- 
Pherson,  Fiance  Hamilton  and  Richard 
McAllister.  Men  from  Adams  as  a  part  of 
York  were  in  many  of  the  York  companies 
which  served  in  the  First,  Fourth,  Fifth, 
Sixth,  Seventh,  Ninth,  Tenth,  Eleventh  and 
Thirteenth  Pennsylvania  regiments  of  the 
Continental  Line,  Pennsylvania  State  regi- 
ment of  artillery  and  Armand's  and  Pulas- 
ki's legion. 

From   the   scant   evidence   obtainable   it 


34 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


would  appear  that  over  8,000  men  from  the 
present  territory  of  the  Nineteenth  Con- 
gressional district  served  in  the  Revolution- 
ary army,  while  at  least  10,000  were  en- 
rolled in  regular  militia  organizations. 

No  invasions  of  the  district  were  ever 
made  by  British  forces,  but  in  1776  the 
British  prisoners  at  Lancaster  were  re- 
moved to  Carlisle  and  York,  and  Lieuten- 
ant, afterwards  Major,  Andre  was  of  the 
number  sent  to  the  former  place.  The 
Hessians  captured  at  Trenton  were  sent  to 
York  and  Carlisle  and  at  the  latter  place 
built  the  barracks  used  for  years  as  a  cav- 
alry training  school  and  which  stood  on  the 
site  of  the  present  Indian  school.  From 
time  to  time  during  the  war  British  prison- 
ers, principally  Hessians,  were  sent  to  York 
where  they  were  given  many  liberties  and  a 
number  were  induced  to  leave  the  English 
service.  In  1781  the  convention  prisoners, 
(Burgoyne's  men)  were  sent  from  Virginia 
and  Maryland  to  York  in  order  to  prevent 
their  rescue  by  Cornwallis.  These  prison- 
ers were  placed  4^  miles  east  of  York  and 
in  Windsor  township,  where  they  cleared  20 
acres  of  woodland  and  surrounded  it  by 
picket  fence  15  feet  high.  Within  they 
built  their  huts  and  remained  there  guarded 
by  American  troops  until  the  war  closed. 

The  story  of  the  Revolution  as  often  told 
in  the  past  needs  not  repetition  on  these 
pages,  yet  it  might  be  well  to  correct  two 
once  prevalent  errors  in  connection  with 
that  great  struggle.  The  German  troops 
in  America  were  not  all  Hessians,  and  the 
latter  were  neither  ferocious  nor  blood- 
thirsty ;  and  that  the  ablest  statesmen  and 
the  intelligent  mass  of  the  people  of  Great 
Britain  did  not  sanction  the  measures  of 
the  Parliamentary  party  in  power  that  car- 
ried on  the  Revolutionary  war. 

In  history  the  Revolution  is  recorded  as 
a  gigantic  struggle  for  the  rights  of  man, 
when  a  nation  was  born  in  a  day,  and  the 


dial  hand  on  the  clock  of  human  progress 
moved  forward  in  a  greater  advance  than  it 
hitherto  had  marked  in  five  centuries. 

Continental  Congress.  Upon  the  near 
approach  of  Howe's  army  to  Philadelphia, 
Congress  took  steps  to  remove  from  the 
city  and  on  September  14,  1777,  resolved 
to  meet  on  the  27th  at  Lancaster.  Recon- 
vening at  Lancaster  on  the  27th,  it  did  not 
deem  itself  safe  east  of  the  Susquehanna 
river,  and  adjourned  the  same  day  to  meet 
at  York,  where  it  continued  in  session  from 
September  30,  1777,  till  June  27,  1778. 
Congress  held  its  sessions  during  this  per- 
iod in  the  court  house  in  Centre  Square, 
where  it  sat  daily  with  closed  doors  and 
considered  some  of  the  momentous  issues 
of  the  Revolution  one  of  which  was  the  re- 
moval of  Washington  from  the  chief  com- 
mand of  the  American  armies.  During 
the  nine  months  that  Congress  was  in  ses- 
sion at  York  that  place  was  really  the  capi- 
tal of  the  nation.  At  York,  Gates  was  wel- 
comed, Steuben  came  and  Lafayette  repor- 
ted. There  the  Conway  cabal  was  formed 
and  Congress  remained  during  the  darkest 
hours  of  the  Revolutionary  war  that  ex- 
tended from  Valley  Forge  to  Monmouth. 

Frontier  Defense.  After  Pontiac's  de- 
feat in  1763  the  frontier  line  of  defense  was 
west  of  the  Alleghenies,  but  as  late  as  1794 
Indian  depredations  along  the  Mononga- 
hela  and  Allegheny  rivers  and  in  Ohio  were 
so  bad  that  the  President  called  upon  Penn- 
sylvania for  nearly  11,000  militia,  of  which 
Cumberland  and  York  counties  raised  their 
respective  quotas,  the  latter  furnishing  822 
men.  Wayne's  victory  at  the  Fallen  Tim- 
bers broke  forever  the  Indian  power  on  the 
western  frontier  of  Pennsylvania. 

National  Capital  Site.  In  1789  and 
1790  Congress  took  up  the  consideration  of 
a  site  for  the  national  capital.  New  York, 
Philadelphia,  Germantown,  Harrisburg  and 
Wright's  Ferry  were  named.  The  house  se- 


NiN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


35 


lected  Wright's  Ferry,  but  the  Senate  sent 
back  the  bill  with  Germantown  inserted  in 
place  of  Wright's  Ferry,  which  change  the 
house  refused  to  accept,  and  Congress  ad- 
journed without  making  any  selection.  At 
the  next  session  the  south  urged  the  Po- 
tomac river  but  was  ovitvoted  and  finally 
the  northern  and  southern  leaders  compro- 
mised on  Philadelphia  as  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment for  ten  years  and  then  the  build- 
ing of  a  capital  city,  near  Georgetown  on 
the  Potomac. 

Whiskey  Insurrection.  The  much  dis- 
cussed but  little  understood  whiskey  insur- 
rection, was  the  first  rebellion  against  the 
United  States  government  and  required  a 
large  army  under  the  command  of  Wash- 
ington and  some  of  his  ablest  generals  to 
crush  it.  The  Whiskey  Insurrection  ex- 
tended over  southwestern  Pennsylvania 
and  northwestern  part  of  Virginia  now  the 
northern  part  of  West  Virginia.  The  cause 
of  the  insurrection  was  a  law  of  Congress 
passed  in  1791,  which  laid  an  excise  of  four 
pence  per  gallon  on  all  distilled  spirits.  The 
insurgents  were  largely  farmers,  who  lived 
so  far  from  market  that  it  was  impossible  to 
transport  their  grain  for  sale,  but  manufac- 
tured into  whiskey  it  could  be  carried  to 
the  cities  and  sold  at  a  profit.  Grain  was 
their  only  production  and  in  form  of  whis- 
key was  their  only  source  of  revenue  and 
means  of  paying  taxes  and  buying  land. 
The  officers  sent  out  to  collect  the  excise 
west  of  the  Alleghenies  were  tarred  and 
feathered  and  driven  out  of  the  country  by 
"Tom.  the  Tinker's  men"  who  then  erected 
"Liberty  Poles"  and  organized  in  armed 
resistance  which  compelled  the  government 
to  resort  to  force  for  its  suppression.  The 
insurgents  numbered  nearly  twenty-thous- 
and, many  of  whom  were  Revolutionary 
soldiers  and  splendid  marksmen,  and  hav- 
ing the  Alleghenies  for  a  natural  fortifica- 
tion would  have  made  stubborn  resistance, 


but  they  were  without  leaders  of  military 
ability  and  experience.  Washington  fully 
tmderstood  the  nature  and  extent  of  the  in- 
surrection and  its  danger  to  the  new  formed 
government  whose  powers  were  but  barely 
recognized  and  not  yet  fully  understood  and 
in  1794  ordered  out  15,000  men,  the  largest 
army  which  he  ever  commanded.  The  in- 
surgents realizing  their  want  of  military 
leaders  and  learning  of  the  large  army 
marching  upon  them  disbanded;  and  when 
the  United  States  troops  arrived  west  of  the 
Alleghenies  order  was  restored  and  national 
authority  recognized.  Washington's  army 
was  raised  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  States, 
and  the  quota  of  Pennsylvania  was  5,200 
men  of  which  York  county  furnished  572, 
and  Cumberland  363.  The  insurgents  in 
Cumberland  county  on  September  8,  1794, 
erected  a  liberty  pole  in  Carlisle  which 
they  held  by  force  of  arms  for  a  few  hours. 
They  however  disbanded  and  scattered 
upon  the  approach  of  troops,  ordered  out 
by  the  State  authorities.  Washington  on 
his  way  out  with  the  army  stopped  at  Car- 
lisle and  Shippensburg  and  on  his  return 
to  Philadelphia  passed  through  York 
county,  crossing  the  Susquehanna  at  a 
ferry  below  New  Cumberland. 

War  of  1812.  When  President  Madi- 
son declared  war  against  Great  Britain  in 
1812  he  was  nobly  sustained  by  Governor 
Snyder,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  14,000 
men  called  for  from  the  Keystone  State 
could  have  been  trebled  so  great  was  the 
enthusiasm  of  the  people. 

Cumberland  county  raised  four  full  com- 
panies of  six  months'  men,  ready  to  march 
whenever  ordered.  Two  small  rifle  com- 
panies—one from  Carlisle  and  the  other 
from  Mechanicsburg — were  united  under 
command  of  Capt.  George  Kendall  and 
won  imperishable  honor  for  themselves  at 
Chippewa.  Men  from  the  county  fought 
bravely  on  the  Niagara  border  under  Lt. 


36 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Col.  George  McFeely  and  W.  D.  Foiilke. 
Several  companies  including  the  Patriotic 
Blues  commanded  by  Capt.  Jacob  Squier, 
took  an  important  part  in  the  defense  of 
Baltimore,  while  the  Carlisle  Guards,  under 
Capt.  Joseph  Halbert,  went  to  Philadelphia 
to  aid  in  its  protection  in  September,  1814. 

In  Adams  county  was  a  strong  peace 
party  who  denounced  the  War  of  181 2,  but 
militia  companies  were  organized  subject 
to  marching  orders,  and  in  1814  Adams 
and  York  constituted  the  Fifth  of  the  fif- 
teen military  districts  of  the  State,  and  were 
required  to  form  two  brigades,  the  first 
from  York  and  the  second  from  Adams. 
Antagonistic  to  the  peace  party  was  a  war 
following,  and  Adams  county  men  fought 
at  Baltimore  and  also  served  under  Scott, 
who  complimented  them  as  being  good 
soldiers. 

York  county  responded  promptly  to  the 
call  of  Governor  Snyder  for  troops  and 
placed  her  militia  on  marching  orders,  but 
they  were  only  called  for  in  1814  to  help  in 
the  defense  of  Baltimore.  Capts.  Freder- 
ick Metzgar  and  John  Bair,  with  two  com- 
panies of  York  county  men,  were  attached 
to  a  Mar3dand  regiment  at  the  battle  of 
North  Point,  where  the  "York  Volunteers" 
a  company  commanded  by  Capt.  (after- 
wards Colonel)  Michael  Spangler  fought 
with  the  steadiness  and  bravery  of  veterans. 

Mexican  War.  During  the  war  with 
Mexico,  Pennsylvania  furnished  two  regi- 
ments and  ofifered  additional  regiments 
which  were  refused. 

Cumberland  county  furnished  many  re- 
cruits to  the  Fourth  United  States  artillery 
which  was  stationed  at  the  Carlisle  bar- 
racks in  1846.  This  artillery  did  valiant 
service  at  Buena  Vista.  Capt.  John  F. 
Hunter  raised  at  Carlisle  Co.  G,  nth  in- 
fantry, which  lost  nearly  half  of  its  members 
in  Mexico.       Besides  these  two  companies 


there  were  other  companies  in  which  Cum- 
berland county  men  enlisted. 

Although  no  company  was  called  from 
Adams  county,  yet  natives  and  residents 
of  the  count)'  enlisted  and  served  through 
the  war. 

With  her  usual  zeal  in  military  matters 
York  county  responded  to  the  call  for 
troops  for  Mexico,  but  no  company  could 
be  accepted  from  the  county  and  her  sons 
enlisted  in  other  companies  that  had  been 
accepted.  Nine  men  from  York  borough 
enlisted  in  Co.  C,  First  Pennsylvania  A^ol- 
unteers  and  others  were  in  the  Fourth 
Ohio,  and  Eleventh  Pennsylvania,  while  in 
the  regular  army  were  Maj.  Granville  O. 
Flaller,  Lieut  (afterwards  Maj.-Gen.)  W. 
B.  Franklin,  and  Lieut.  H.  B.  Gibson,  na- 
tives of  the  county.  Of  the  naval  officers 
in  service  in  Mexican  waters  were:  George 
P.  Welsh,  Samuel  R.  Franklin  and  William 
Gibson,  who  were  from  York  county. 

War  of  the  Rebellion.  In  the  dark 
April  days  of  1861  the  country  was  rudely 
wakened  from  a  peace  dream  of  half  a  cen- 
tury to  meet  the  shock  of  civil  war.  When 
Beauregard's  circling  batteries  opened  fire 
on  Fort  Sumter  the  country  realized  the 
fact  that  a  terrible  war  was  at  hand,  and 
when  Lincoln  called  for  troops  to  main- 
tain national  authority  and  protect  the  na- 
tional capital,  no  counties  in  the  union  were 
more  loyal  or  enthusiastic  in  responding 
with  men  than  those  which  now  constitute 
the  Nineteenth  Congressional  district. 

In  commencing  the  record  of  this  dis- 
trict's honorable  and  distinguished  part  in 
the  greatest  war  of  modern  times,  attention 
is  directly  called  to  the  Cumberland  Val- 
ley, the  natural  route  for  southern  armies 
of  invasion.  Cumberland  county  was 
roused  by  the  fall  of  Ft.  Sumter,  as  it  had 
been  by  the  news  of  Lexington,  and  three 
companies  profifered  their  services  in  a 
week  after  Lincoln's  first  call  for  troops. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


37 


One  of  these  companies  left  on  April  13, 
1861,  and  was  mustered  into  the  service  at 
Harrisburg,  April  23rd.  The  first  com- 
pany, the  Sumner  Rifles,  Capt.  Christian 
Kuhns,  became  Co.  C  of  the  Ninth  Penn- 
sylvania, and  the  second  company,  Capt. 
Jacob  Dorsheimer,  was  raised  at  Mechan- 
icsburg,  and  became  Co.  C  of  the  Sixteenth 
Pennsylvania.  Both  of  these  companies 
served  in  Virginia  and  the  second  one  was 
the  first  company  to  reenlist  from  this 
State.  The  Carlisle  Light  infantry,  which 
had  been  in  existence  since  1784,  was  mus- 
tered mto  the  First  reserves  or  30th  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers,  as  Company  H,  under 
command  of  Capt.  Robert  McCartney,  and 
the  Carlisle  Guards,  under  Capt.  Lemuel 
Todd,  became  Co.  I  of  the  same  regiment, 
whose  record  is  one  of  magnificent  fight- 
ing in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  from 
Fredericksburg  to  Bethesda  Church  and 
especially  at  Gettysburg,  where  it  made 
two  brilliant  and  successful  charges.  Com- 
panies A  and  H,  of.  the  Thirty-sixth  rfgi- 
ment  of  Seventh  Reserve,  were  raised  re- 
spectively by  Capt.  R.  M.  Henderson  and 
Capt.  Joseph  Totten.  Co.  A  was  the 
Carlisle  Fencibles,  receiving  a  beautiful 
flag  from  Mrs.  Samuel  Alexander,  the 
granddaughter  of  Col.  Ephraim  Biaine, 
and  Company  H  was  recruited  at  Mechan- 
icsburg.  The  Seventh  fought  bravely 
through  the  Peninsula  campaign,  at  An- 
tietam  and  Fredericksburg  and  was  drawn 
into  an  ambuscade  at  Chancellorsville  and 
272  of  its  men  and  officers  captured  and 
sent  to  Rebel  prisons,  where  many  of  them 
starved  to  death  before  Sherman's  ''march 
to  the  sea"  gave  them  release.  The  es- 
caping remnant  of  the  regiment  took  part 
in  the  desperate  fighting  of  Grant's  Rich- 
mond campaign  until  its  time  expired. 
Edward  B.  Rheem,  Jacob  Maloy  and 
Henry  Hyte,  of  Company  A,  each  captured 
a  Rebel  captain's  sword  at  Fredericksburg, 


where  Corporal  Jacob  Cart,  of  the  same 
company  captured  the  battle  flag  of  the 
Nineteenth  Georgia,  the  only  Union  trophy 
of  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg.  Cumber- 
land county  furnished  two  companies  of 
cavalry  at  a  time  when  that  branch  of  the 
service  was  of  great  value,  besides  furnish- 
ing a  number  of  men  to  the  Anderson 
troop  and  Independent  company  of  cav- 
alry recruited  at  the  Carlisle  barracks  in 
the  latter  part  of  1861.  The  first  com- 
pany commanded  by  Capt.  S.  Woodburn, 
had  been  known  as  the  Big  Spring  Adam- 
antine Guards  for  over  50  years.  It  be- 
came a  part  of  the  Third  cavalry  which 
served  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  un- 
til its  time  expired  and  then  from  it  was 
formed  the  veteran  battalion  which  ren- 
dered such  splendid  service  at  Gettysburg. 
The  second  company  commanded  by  Capt 
D.  T.  May,  joined  the  Seventh  Cavalry 
which  fought  at  Chicamauga  and  in  other 
western  battles.  The  third  and  fourtli 
companies  were  recruited  respectively  by 
Capts.  D.  H.  Kimmel  and  H.  W.  McCul- 
lough  and  became  H  and  I  of  the  Ninth 
Cavalry  which  was  known  as  the  "Lochiel 
Cavalry"  and  served  two  years  in  the  west 
and  under  Sherman  in  his  "march  to  the 
sea."  The  One  hundred  and  thirtieth  regi- 
ment of  nine  months'  men  raised  in  1862 
contained  5  companies  and  a  part  of  an 
other  company  from  Cumberland  county. 
These  companies  their  places  of  recruit- 
ment and  their  first  captains  were  as  fol- 
lows: A,  Carlisle,  William  R.  Porter.  D, 
Shippensburg,  James  Kelso.  E,  Newville, 
William  Laughlin.     F,  Mechanicsburg,  H. 

I.  Zinn.     G,  Carlisle,  John  Lee.     H,  , 

J.  C.  Hofifaker.  This  regiment  fought  its 
first  battle  at  Antietam,  where  it  lost  40 
killed  and  256  wounded  which  attests  its 
bravery.  It  afterwards  fought  at  Freder- 
icksburg and  Chancellorsville  in  each  of 
which  battles  it  lost  heavily,  and  was  mus- 


38 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


tered  out  of  the  service  on  May  21,  1863. 
Captain  Kuhn's  company  of  three  months' 
men  reenUsted  and  became  Company  A, 
of  the  Eleventh  regiment  which  served  in 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  Captain  Dorsheimer's  three 
months'  company  reenlisted  and  was  Com- 
pany A,  of  the  One  hundred  and  seventh 
regiment,  serving  till  Lee  surrendered.  A 
number  of  men  were  in  Co.  A,  One  hun- 
dred and  first  regiment  that  served  in  North 
Carolina,  and  a  part  of  Co.  G,  of  the  84th 
was  raised  in  the  county.  When  Lee  in- 
vaded Maryland,  in  1862,  Pennsylvania 
called  out  50,000  militia  of  which  25,000 
reached  Hagerstown  before  the  Confeder- 
ates were  defeated.  One  of  the  militia  regi- 
ments was  raised  in  Cumberland  county  by 
Col.  Henry  McCormick  and  marched  so 
rapidly  to  the  scene  of  action  as  to  receive 
praise  from  General  McClellan  and  the 
Governor  of  Maryland.  In  1863  Capt.  M. 
G.  Hall  raised  Co.  F,  One  hundred  and  fif- 
ty-eighth for  the  nine  months'  service  and 
Capt.  Charles  Lee  recruited  Co.  F,  One 
hundred  and  sixty-second  regiment  for 
three  years,  while  Company  B.One  hundred 
and  sixty-fifth  regiment  drafted  militia  was 
formed  with  A.  J.  Rupp  as  captain.  When 
Lee  invaded  Pennsylvania  in  1863,  Ewell's 
corps  reached  Shippensburg  on  June  25th, 
and  Capts.  Kuhn,  Lowe,  Sharpe,  Black  and 
Smiley  organized  companies  of  civilians 
and  with  200  men  of  the  First  New  York 
cavalry  did  picket  duty  at  Carlisle  until 
Saturday,  27th,  when  they  fell  back  before 
Jenkin's  advance.  General  Ewell  arrived 
the  same  day  at  Carlisle  where  his  head- 
quarters were  in  the  barracks  which  he  did 
not  burn  but  left  intact  on  account  of  old 
acquaintanceship,  having  been  stationed 
there  in  former  years.  Early  demanded 
1,500  barrels  of  flour  and  other  supplies  of 
which  only  a  part  could  be  supplied  by  the 
town,  and  on  Tuesday  withdrew  his  forces. 


On  Wednesday  Gen.  W.  F.  (Baldy)  Smith 
with  a  small  Union  force  occupied  Carlisle 
and  in  the  evening  was  surrounded  by  Gen. 
Fitzhugh  Lee  with  3,000  cavalry.  Lee 
asked  Smith  to  surrender  or  Carlisle  would 
be  shelled,  and  the  latter  replied  "shell 
away."  The  town  was  shelled,  and  during 
the  night  a  second  demand  for  surrender 
received  a  very  discourteous  reply.  Before 
daylight  Lee  received  orders  to  march  for 
Gettysburg  and  left  for  that  great  battle- 
field. The  farthest  northern  point  that 
Lee's  army  reached  was  Oyster's  Point  in 
Cumberland  county  and  three  miles  west 
of  Harrisburg  when  Jenkin's  force  was  held 
at  bay  on  Sunday,  June  28th.  Companies 
G,  H  and  part  of  D,  of  the  One  hundred 
and  second  regiment  commanded  respect- 
ively by  Capts.  David  Gochenauer,  J.  P. 
Wagner  and  S.  C.  Powell  were  raised  in 
1864  and  guarded  the  Manassas  Gap  rail- 
road to  keep  it  open  for  carrying  army  sup- 
plies. A  part  of  the  200th  regiment,  and 
Co.  K,  Capt.  A.  C.  Landis,  were  also  raised 
in  the  county.  Company  A  being  recruited 
at  Shippensburg.  Companies  A  and  F  of 
the  209th  regiment  was  raised  by  Capts.  J. 
B.  Landis  and  Henry  Lee  in  the  autumn  of 
1864  and  served  in  the  Army  of  the  Po- 
tomac. 

Cumberland  county  was  represented  in 
the  regular  army  as  well  as  in  volunteer 
forces;  Brigadier  Generals,  Samuel  Sturgis 
and  Washington  L.  Elliott  served  in  the 
Mexican  war  and  won  distinction  and  pro- 
motion in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion.  Capt. 
John  R.  Smead,  who  commanded  a  bat- 
tery in  the  Fifth  United  States  Artillery, 
was  a  brave  and  efficient  officer  and  was 
killed  at  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run. 
Another  efficient  West  Point  graduate  was 
Capt.  Alex.  Piper  who  served  with  Capt. 
Smead  until  the  death  of  the  latter. 

Cumberland  county  after  the  war  erected 
a  $5,000  monument  in  the  public  spuare  of 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


39 


Carlisle  in  honor  of  her  sons  who  fell  in 
defense  of  the  Union.  On  the  beautiful 
marble  shaft  are  inscribed  on  several  tablets 
the  names  of  these  fallen  heroes:  7  officers 
and  324  soldiers,  and  the  names  of  the  49 
regiments  in  which  they  served. 

Adams  county  was  as  patriotic  as  Cum- 
berland in  1861.  "Adams  county  stands 
proudly  in  the  front  rank  of  counties  in  the 
number  of  and  quality  of  heroes  that  she 
sent  to  war.  Upon  every  battlefield  they 
contributed  their  full  share  of  stalwart  he- 
roes, ready  to  do  and  die  for  their  country. 
With  a  population  of  not  much  over  23,000, 
she  sent  over  3,000  soldiers  to  the  different 
services  and  commands  during  the  war." 
Company  E  commanded  by  Capt.  Charles 
H.  Buehler  and  numbering  78  men  was  the 
first  company  to  leave  the  county  being 
mustered  in  as  part  of  the  Second  Pennsyl- 
vania three  months'  men.  Company  K, 
First  Pennsylvania  Reserves,  under  Capt. 
Edward  McPherson  and  numbering  112 
men  was  the  second  company  to  leave 
from  that  county.  Then  a  company 
of  68  men  under  Captain  John 
Horner,  joined  Cole's  Independent  Mary- 
land cavalry  battalion  and  succeeding  was 
20  men  in  the  Forty-ninth,  40  men  in  Co. 
G,  Seventy-fourth  and  12  men  in  Co.  O, 
Seventy-sixth  regiment.  In  the  Eighty- 
seventh  regiment  were  Company  F,  Capt. 
C.  H.  Buehler,  112  men,  and  Company  I, 
Capt.  T.  S.  Pfeififer,  99  men.  In  the  Nine- 
ty-first were  32  men  from  Adams  county; 
and  in  One  hundred  and  first  were  55  men 
under  Capt.  H.  K.  Critzman  and  Company 
G,  Capt.  T.  C.  Morris,  99  men.  85  men 
were  in  Company  A,  103d  regiment,  and  in 
the  One  hundred  and  twenty-seventh  was 
Company  I,  Capt.  I.  R.  Shipley,  84  men. 
The  One  hundred  and  thirty-eighth  regi- 
ment had  two  Adams  county  companies; 
Company  B,  Capt.  J.  F.  McCreary,  116 
men  and  Company  G,  Capt.  J.  H.  Walter 


86  men.  Capt.  J.  B.  King  and  30  men 
were  in  the  One  hundred  and  fifty-second; 
and  in  the  One  hundred  and  sixtieth  regi- 
ment Capt.  James  Lashell  and  40  men 
from  Adams  county.  The  165th  regiment 
of  drafted  nine  months'  men  was  partly 
from  Adams  county.  It  was  commanded 
by  Col.  Charles  H.  Buehler  and  numbered 
800  men.  Its  companies  and  captains 
from  Adams  were:  C,  Ebenezer  McGin- 
ley;  D,  J.  H.  Plank;  E,  George  W.  Shull; 
G,  Jacob  E.  Miller;  H,  W.  H.  Brogunnier; 
I,  Nash  G.  Camp;  and  K,  W.  H.  Webb. 
In  the  One  hundred  and  eighty-second 
regiment  were  40  men  in  different  compan- 
ies and  Company  B,  Capt.  Robert  Bell 
which  went  out  80  strong  and  reenlisted 
numbering  131  by  new  recruits.  Company 
I,  of  the  One  hundred  and  eighty-fourth 
commanded  by  Capt.  W.  H.  Adams,  was 
from  Adams  and  numbered  82  men;  and  in 
the  Two  hundred  and  second  was  Com- 
pany C,  Capt.  J.  O.  Pfeififer,  102  men.  The 
Two  hundred  and  fifth  regiment  had  in 
Company  I,  Capt.  I.  R.  Shipley  and  50 
men  from  Adams  county;  while  in  Two 
hundred  and  ninth,  as  Company  G,  Capt. 
G.  W.  Frederick,  100  men;  and  in  the  Two 
hundred  and  tenth,  Capt.  P.  J.  Tate  and  40 
men  of  Company  I,  came  from  Adams. 
There  were  25  Adams  county  men  in  In- 
dependent Battery  B;  15,  in  the  signal  ser- 
vice and  50  colored  men  were  attached  to 
different  regiments. 

Adams  county  furnished  four  companies 
of  emergency  men  to  repel  invasion;  Capt. 
E.  M.  Warren's  Cavalry  Company,  100 
men;  Company  A,  Twenty-sixth  regiment 
of  militia,  Capt.  Frederick  Kleinfelter,  90 
men;  Company  I,  Twenty-sixth  militia, 
Capt.  John  S.  Forest,  50  men;  and  Capt.  A. 
H.  Creary  Company,  60  men. 

Battle  of  Gettysburg.  The  most  im- 
portant event  in  the  history  of  Adams 
county,  and  one  that  will  give  it  place  for- 


4° 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


ever  in  the  story  of  the  nation,  is  tlie  field 
of  Gettysbury  where  the  fate  of  the  Union 
trembled  in  the  balance  of  battle. 

Lee's  legions  ragged,  tired  and  hungry 
entered  Adams  county  during  the  last  week 
of  June,  1863,  and  on  the  26th  Early  with 
5,000  infantry  marched  into  Gettysburg, 
which  was  unable  to  comply  with  his  re- 
quisition for  provisions  and  clothing  but  re- 
ceived no  damage  at  his  hands.  The  next 
day  Early  moved  eastward  but  was  recall- 
ed, and  five  days  later  Lee  and  Meade  com- 
menced at  Gettysburg,  the  great  battle 
which  broke  forever  the  ofifensive  power  of 
the  Northern  army  of  Virginia.  In  the  early 
days  of  June,  1863,  Lee  swept  northward 
into  the  Cumberland  Valley  with  the  most 
magnificent  army  that  the  Southern  Con- 
federacy ever  raised,  and  having  Harris- 
burg  as  an  objective  point  from  which  to 
threaten  Philadelphia,  New  York,  Balti- 
more or  Washington  as  circumstances 
might  dictate.  Stuart's  cavalry  had  been 
left  in  Virginia  to  prevent  or  delay  Hooker 
in  crossing  the  Potomac  into  Maryland 
until  Lee's  army  could  reach  Harrisburg 
but  failed  and  sought  by  a  detour  through 
Maryland  to  rejoin  Lee  in  his  march  to 
Harrisburg.  Hooker  crossed  the  Poto- 
mac, and  his  cavalry  first  baffled  Stuart  at 
Westminster  and  then  drove  him  out  of 
Hanover,  causing  him  to  march  all  night 
to  reach  Carlisle  which  he  found  Lee  had 
abandoned  summarily  and  was  massing  his 
troops  for  battle  near  Gettysburg.  Lee  had 
sent  Early  over  the  South  Mountain  and 
through  the  west  Susquehanna  valley  to- 
wards Harrisburg,  and  Hill  and  Long- 
street's  corps  were  concentrated  at  Hagers- 
town  to  march  through  the  Cumberland 
Valley,  when  Lee  received  word  that 
Hooker  had  crossed  the  Potomac  and  had 
his  army  well  in  hand  between  Harper's 
Ferry  and  Frederick.  Hooker  had  crossed 
the   Potomac  and  reached   Frederick  one 


day  too  soon  for  Lee's  plan  to  reach  Har- 
risburg free  of  attack,  and  he  was  compelled 
to  concentrate  his  scattered  army  or  be  at- 
tacked and  destroyed.  Leaving  the  Cum- 
berland Valley — narrow  enough  for  a  trap 
and  not  broad  enough  for  a  successful  Con- 
federate battlefield — Lee  commenced  the 
concentration  of  his  army  in  the  vicinity  of 
Gettysburg,  and  on  the  evening  of  June 
30th  the  Confederates  stretched  from  eight 
miles  west  of  Gettysburg  to  Chambersburg 
twenty-five  miles  distant. 

In  the  meantime,  on  June  27th,  General 
Plooker  resigned  because  Halleck  would 
not  allow  him  the  use  of  10,000  troops  and 
Harper's  Ferry,  and  General  Meade  assvmi- 
ing  command  of  the  Union  army  the  next 
morning  moved  his  headquarters  from 
Frederick  to  Taneytown  near  the  Pipe 
Creek  Heights  which  his  engineers  repor- 
ted as  a  proper  place  for  a  general  battle. 
On  the  night  of  June  30th  Meade's  line  of 
troops,  comprising  the  ist,  3d,  nth,  5th  and 
1 2th  corps  and  Kilpatrick's  cavalry, 
stretched  from  Hanover  to  Emmitsburg 
and  thence  10  miles  north  to  Gettysburg, 
while  in  the  rear  of  this  line  was  the  2d 
corps  at  Uniontown,  20  miles  south  of  Get- 
tysburg, the  6th  at  Manchester  34  miles 
southeast,  Gregg's  cavalry  at  Westminster 
24  miles  southeast  and  Merritt's  brigade 
(regulars)  at  Mechanicstown,  18  miles  south 
forming  a  second  line  it  might  be  said  with 
the  Pipe  Creek  Heights  between  both  lines. 

Thus  lay  the  two  mighty  armies  on  the 
eve  of  a  great  battle.  The  moment  for  fu- 
ture supremacy  had  arrived,  and  "the  un- 
born generations  of  a  hundred  centuries 
would  turn  with  breathless  interest  to  the 
history  their  success  or  failure  would  here 
make."  Two  hundred  thousand  men  were 
spread  over  an  area  of  twenty-five  square 
miles  eager  for  the  opening  struggle  of  the 
coming  day.  Lee  lacked  his  cavalry,  and 
Meade  had  his  corps  too  far  apart,  in  order 


NiN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


41 


to  protect  Washington,  while  an  accidental 
battlefield  was  forced  on  both  by  the  force 
of  circumstances.  The  last  June  sun  of 
1863  sank  behind  the  South  Mountain,  the 
gates  of  light  were  barred  and  the  stars 
looked  down  on  the  valley  beneath  where 
orchard  and  meadow,  and  ripening  fields  of 
grain  stretched  around  the  college  town  of 
Gettysburg  with  its  near  b}'  seminary  and 
its  not  far  distant  city  of  the  dead,  but  the 
succeeding  day  was  to  usher  in  a  storm  of 
war  beneath  which  the  very  earth  was  to 
tremble  and  whose  result  would  largely 
shape  the  future  destinies  of  the  mightiest 
republic  of  modern  times. 

With  the  first  rays  of  the  morning  sun 
Buford's  dismounted  cavalrj'  were  in  line 
along  Willoughby's  run,  and  made  so  deter- 
mined a  resistance  against  the  advancing 
Confederate  column  that  they  halted  to 
bring  up  their  batteries.  Reynolds  then 
arrived,  and  after  sending  an  aid  to  Meade 
to  state  that  the  heights  of  Cemetery  Ridge 
was  the  place  for  the  coming  battlefield,  so 
placed  arriving  reinforcements  as  to  con- 
tinue a  stubborn  resistance  to  the  increas- 
ing Confederate  forces  until  he  fell  by  a 
rifle  ball.  Doubleday  assumed  command 
and  held  Seminary  Ridge  against  great 
odds  until  Howard  arrived,  who  was  finally 
driven  back  with  heavy  loss  by  overwhelm- 
ing numbers  to  Cemetery  Ridge  where 
Hancock  had  arrived  to  take  command.  He 
approved  Reynold's  selection  and  Howard's 
fortification  of  Cemetery  Ridge  for  the 
coming  battle  and  so  reported  to  Meade 
who  accepted  it  and  ordered  his  Avhole  army 
to  concentrate  as  rapidly  as  possible  at 
Gettysburg.  The  Confederates  were  rap- 
idly concentrating  along  and  fortifying 
Seminary  Ridge,  and  m.ade  an  unsuccess- 
ful attack  on  Hancock's  line  which  he  was 
extending  southward  along  Cemetery 
Ridge.  The  first  day's  fight  ended  with 
the  Confederates  successful,  but  left  the  un- 


ion forces  holding  a  stronger  line  of  de- 
fense than  the  one  from  which  they  were 
driven,  and  this  struggle  of  the  vanguards 
made  Gettysburg  and  not  Pipe  Creek  the 
battlefield. 

At  half-past  twelve  o'clock  on  the  second 
day  Meade,  who  had  arrived  in  the  night, 
had  his  line  of  battle  formed  in  shape  sim- 
ilar to  a  fish  hook ;  Cemetery  Ridge,  the 
shank.  Cemetery  Hill,  the  curve — and 
Gulp's  Hill  the  end  of  the  hook.  The  Un- 
ion line  was  about  4J  miles  in  length  and 
the  Confederate  line  in  similar  shape  over- 
lapping each  wing  extended  about  six  miles 
while  between  these  lines,  lay  a  valley  from 
a  mile  to  a  mile  and  a  half  in  width,  enclos- 
ing the  afterwards  famous  Wheat  Field, 
Peach  Orchard  and  Devil's  Den.  During 
the  afternoon  of  the  second  day  Sickles 
moved  forward  of  his  connecting  position 
and  was  driven  back  with  heavy  loss,  to  his 
original  position  which  was  held  by  aid  of 
reinforcements  while  Little  Round  Top 
was  overlooked  and  nearly  captured  by  the 
Confederates.  On  the  center  the  Louisi- 
ana Tigers  1,700  strong,  charged  and 
gained  Cemetery  Hill,  but  being  unsup- 
ported only  300  returned  to  the  Confed- 
erate lines.  On  the  right  the  Confederates 
won  a  part  of  the  intrenchments  whose  oc- 
cupants had  been  sent  to  reinforce  Sickles' 
line,  but  failed  to  advance  on  the  unpro- 
tected rear  and  capture  the  reserve  artil- 
lery and  hold  the  only  road  by  which 
Meade  could  have  retreated  in  case  of  de- 
feat. The  second  day  closed  in  favor  of 
Lee  who  had  driven  back  the  extreme  of 
both  the  Union  wings  although  defeated  in 
advantage  on  the  Union  right. 

Elated  with  his  advantages  and  having 
been  joined  by  Pickett's  veterans  and  Stu- 
art's cavalry,  Lee  against  the  view  of  Long- 
street  determined  to  make  one  great  effort 
to  break  the  Union  left  center  and  annihi- 
late the  Army  of  the  Potomac.       On  the 


42 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


morning  of  the  3d  of  July  Geary  returned 
with  his  troops  to  the  right  and  by  II 
o'clock  had  driven  the  Confederates  out  of 
his  entrenchments.  In  the  meantime  Lee 
was  perfecting  his  plan  of  battle.  A  terri- 
ble cannonade  of  the  Union  left  center  was 
to  be  followed  by  heavy  storming  columns 
of  infantry,  and  Stuart's  cavalry  after 
sweeping  round  the  Union  right  flank  was 
to  attack  in  the  rear.  At  i  o'clock  150 
cannon  opened  on  the  Union  left  center 
and  was  replied  to  by  71  Union  guns.  The 
earth  shook  for  two  hours  beneath  the  ter- 
rific storm  of  shot  and  shell  and  then  the 
Union  fire  slackened  so  heated  cannon 
could  cool,  disabled  batteries  be  replaced 
and  ammunition  husbanded  to  meet  an  ex- 
pected attack.  Lee  was  deceived  by  this 
and  thinking  he  had  silenced  his  enemy's 
guns  ordered  the  charge  of  Picketts'  divis- 
ion, the  flower  of  his  army.  Sweeping  in- 
to view  in  splendid  array  and  under  perfect 
discipline  the  storming  column  of  18,000 
men  won  the  admiration  of  the  Union 
army.  The  fire  of  71  cannon  ploughed 
through  but  they  closed  up  each  gap  and 
swept  across  the  valley  with  unbroken  front 
until  a  rain  of  lead  from  the  infantry 
greeted  them  and  blinded  the  two  support- 
ing columns,  yet  through  it  all  the  charging 
column  made  its  way  and  broke  the  Union 
line  only  to  be  broken  to  pieces  in  a  hand 
to  hand  fight  within  the  Union  lines,  at 
the  Bloody  Angle  or  the  high  water  mark 
of  the  rebellion.  On  the  left  the  Union 
cavalry  attacked  Longstreet  and  preven- 
ted two  brigades  from  assisting  Pickett, 
while  Stuart  in  trying  to  pass  the  Union 
right  was  stopped  by  Gregg's  cavalry,  and 
the  greatest  cavalry  battle  of  the  war  took 
place  with  the  result  that  Stuart  was  de- 
feated and  Lee's  cavalry  attack  in  the  Un- 
ion rear  was  foiled.  Defeated  at  every 
point  on  the  third  day,  Lee  sullenly  with- 
drew his  shattered  forces  to  their  entrench- 


ments and  commenced  his  preparations  for 
retreat. 

Gettysburg  was  the  decisive  battle  of  the 
war  and  crushed  all  further  Southern  hopes 
of  Northern  invasion,  while  it  placed  Euro- 
pean recognition  of  the  Confederacy  be- 
yond all  possibility,  yet  if  Lee  had  made  his 
grand  charge  on  the  first  or  second  day 
before  the  2nd,  5th  and  6th  corps  had  ar- 
rived or  if  Stuart's  cavalry  had  gained  the 
Union  rear  on  the  third  day  Meade  would 
have  in  all  probability  lost  the  battle  and 
likely  a  large  part  of  his  army. 

Over  30,000  killed  and  wounded  covered 
the  gory  field  of  Gettysburg  where  slavery 
and  secession  received  their  death-blow, 
and  Lee's  broken,  crushed  and  bleeding 
columns  reeled  back  to  their  entrench- 
ments; but  they  were  not  disorganized  and 
there  lay  fully  20  or  25  thousand  men  who 
had  taken  no  part  in  the  third  days  battle. 
Meade  showed  wisdom  in  not  attacking 
Lee  on  Seminary  Ridge  on  the  4th,  for  the 
Confederates  would  have  fought  with  des- 
peration and  behind  entrenchments,  and 
the  Union  army  badly  battered  and 
needing  rest  might  have  met  a  second 
Fredericksburg. 

The  immortal  Union  Hue  that  stood 
against  Pickett's  charge  was  "a  human 
breakwater  against  which  the  great  tidal 
wave  of  rebellion  was  to  dash  in  vain,  and 
be  thrown  back  in  bloody  spray  and  broken 
billows." 

Gettysburg  was  the  Saratoga  of  the  late 
Civil  war.  Burgoyne  failed  to  reach  New 
York  and  so  did  Lee.  Arnold  and  Morgan 
were  the  rocks  in  the  former's  way  and 
Reynold's  and  Hancock  were  the  walls 
that  stayed  the  latter. 

York  county  responded  promptly  to  the 
President  and  Governor's  call  for  troops  in 
1861.  The  Worth  Infantry,  Capt.  Thomas 
A.Ziegle,and  the  York  Rifles,  Capt.  George 
Hay,  reported  for  marching  orders  by  April 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


43 


i8th.  The  citizens  of  York  at  a  public  meet- 
ing subscribed  $2,000  in  aid  of  the  fam- 
ines of  those  who  volunteered.  To  this  fund 
the  borough  added  $1,000  and  the  commis- 
sioners of  the  county  at  the  request  of  the 
grand  jury  appropriated  $10,000  which  lat- 
ter amount  the  legislature  afterwards  reim- 
bursed. Judge  Fisher  had  recommended 
to  the  grand  jury  the  propriety  and  neces- 
sity of  calling  on  the  commissioners  for  aid, 
and  Hanover  and  Wrightsville  gave  $2,000 
to  the  fund  which  was  expended  judicious!)'. 
In  April,  Camp  Scott  was  established  at 
York,  where  some  six  thousand  men  were 
gathered,  and  the  Sixteenth  regiment  con- 
taining 4  York  county  companies  and  the 
Second  with  one  York  company,  were  or- 
ganized. The  camp  was  broken  up  in 
June,  and  the  Second  and  Sixteenth  served 
for  three  months  with  credit  under  Patter- 
son. At  Williamsport  Albertus  Welsh,  one 
of  the  nine  York  soldiers  in  the  Mexican 
war  died,  being  the  first  man,  the  county 
lost  in  the  rebellion.  Battery  E,  of  the 
First  Artillery,  was  raised  in  York  county 
and  served  with  distinction  in  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac,  being  the  first  battery  to  en- 
ter Richmond  where  it  drove  out  the  guard 
left  to  fire  the  city.  One  company  entered 
the  Thirtieth  and  another  the  Forty-first 
regiments,  and  their  record  is  the  record 
of  the  Reserves  whose  many  battles  would 
largely  make  up  the  history  of  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  two  companies  went  into 
the  Seventy-sixth  and  were  in  the  assault 
on  Ft.  Wagner,  the  battles  of  Grant  before 
Richmond  and  Petersburg  and  the  capture 
of  Ft.  Fisher.  Eight  companies  from  York 
with  two  from  Adams  county  formed  the 
Eighty-seventh  which  served  as  a  railroad 
guard,  did  duty  in  West  Virginia  and 
fought  gallantly  under  Sheridan  and  Grant. 
Two  companies  were  raised  in  the  county 
for  the  One  hundred  and  third,  one  com- 
pany each  for  the  One  hundred  and  seventh 


and  One  hundred  and  eighth  and  four 
companies  for  One  hundred  and  thirtieth 
regiment.  The  One  hundred  and  seventh 
and  One  hundred  and  thirtieth  regiments 
fought  bravely  in  the  Army  of  the  Po- 
tomac. The  One  hundred  and  sixty-sixth 
regiment  consisting  of  10  companies  and 
eight  hundred  men  was  formed  of  men 
drafted  in  York  county,  and  did  good  ser- 
vice in  North  Carolina,  where  nine  were 
killed  and  25  died  of  wounds  and  disease. 
One  company  of  the  One  hundred  and 
eighth  and  one  company  of  the  One  hun- 
dred and  eighty-second,  both  cavalry  regi- 
ments were  recruited  principally  in  York 
county  as  well  as  one  company  of  the  One 
hundred  and  eighty-seventh,  and  all  served 
in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  Four  com- 
panies of  the  Two  hundredth,  one  of  the 
Two  hundred  and  seventh  and  two  of  the 
two  hundred  and  ninth  regiment  came  from 
York  county  and  served  in  the  armies  of 
the  James  and  Potomac  with  the  usual 
bravery  that  distinguished  all  the  compan- 
ies from  the  county.  Among  the  distin- 
guished West  Point  graduates  from  the 
county  that  fought  in  defense  of  the  Union 
were:  Maj.  Gen.  William  B.  Franklin;  and 
Brevet  Brig.  Gens.,  H.  G.  Gibson,  Edmund 
Shriver  and  M.  P.  Small.  The  county  also 
furnished  commanders  C.  H.  Wells,  S.  R. 
Franklin  and  William  Gibson,  who  were 
naval  academy  graduates  and  served  with 
distinction  on  the  iron  clads  in  blockade  ser- 
vices and  in  bombardments  and  battles  in 
Charleston  harbor  and  on  the  Mississippi 
and  James  rivers. 

The  following  list  gives  the  names  of  the 
companies  raised  in  York  county,  togecher 
with  their  captains  and  the  number  of  the 
regiments  of  which  they  were  a  part: 
No.  of  Reg.     Company.  Captain. 

2d  K  George  Hay. 

i6th  A  John  Hays. 

F  Horatio  G.  Myers. 


44 


Biographical  anT)  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


No.  of  Reg.     Company.  Captain. 

i6th,                  G  Cyrus  Diller. 

H  T.  D.  Cochran. 

30th                   D  George  W.  Hess. 

41st                   G  C.  W.  Diven. 

76th                   D  Cyrus  Diller. 

I  H.  C.  Mclntyre. 

87th                   A  J.  A.  Stable. 

B  Jacob  Detwiler. 

C  A.  C.  Fulton. 

D  N.  G.  Ruhl. 

E  Solomon  Myers. 

G  V.  G.  S.  Eckert. 

H  Ross  L.  Harman. 

K  J.  W.  Schall. 

103d                     C  George  Shipp. 

D  Emanuel  Herman. 

107th                   A  Jacob  Dorsheimer. 

io8th                   I  Daniel  Herr. 

130th                   B  H.  A.  Glessner. 

C  J.  S.  Jenkins. 

I  Lewis  Small. 

K  Levi  Maish. 

i66th                  A  A.  L.  Ettinger. 

B  R.  J.  Winterode. 

C  P.  Z.  Kessler. 

D  G.  W.  Branyan. 

E  S.  E.  Miller. 

F  J.  A.  Renaut. 

G  G.  W.  Reisinger. 

H  T.  G.  Gauss. 

I  Michael  M'Fatridge. 

K  D.  L.  Stoud. 

i82d                     A  John  A.  Bell. 

187th                   B  D.  Z.  Seipe. 

200th                    A  Adam  Reisinger. 

D  W.  H.  Duhling. 

H  Jacob  Wiest. 

K  H.  A.  Glessner. 

207th                   E  Lewis  Small. 

209th                   B  H.  W.  Spangler. 

I  John  Klugh. 
Some  York  county  men  served  in  Com- 
pany B,  Second  regiment,  and  Company  E, 
Ninth  Cavalry,  and  Battery  E,  Eirst  Artil- 


lery was  raised  in  the  county.  When  Lee 
invaded  Maryland  in  1862,  independent 
companies  were  raised  in  York  county  by 
Capts.  Jacob  Wiest,  Jacob  Hay,  D.  Wagner 
Barnitz,  W.  H.  Albright,  John  Hays  and 
Charles  M.  Nes.  A  year  later  when  Lee 
came  into  Pennsylvania,  one  emergency 
company  was  raised  by  Capt.  John  S.  Fos- 
ter. 

Not  only  did  York  county  furnish  hund- 
reds of  men  for  the  Union  army,  but  she  felt 
all  the  horrors  of  war  in  1863  when  Lee's 
army  invaded  Pennsylvania.  On  June  28th, 
General  Early  occupied  York  and  vicinity 
with  four  Confederate  brigades,  and  de- 
manded $100,000  and  a  large  amount  of 
provisions  only  a  part  of  which  could  be 
furnished.  Early  sent  a  brigade  in  pursuit 
of  Major  Haller,  who  had  retired  with  350 
soldier  and  militia  from  York.  Haller  es- 
caped across  the  Susquehanna  at  Wrights- 
ville  and  burned  the  bridge  before  the  reb- 
els came  in  sight  of  his  force.  Early  spared 
the  public  buildings  when  appealed  to  and 
suddenly  withdrew  on  June  30th  to  join 
Lee  at  Gettysburg. 

In  the  meantime  Stuart  had  entered 
Pennsylvania,  and  his  advance  had  passed 
through  Hanover  on  the  27th.  Gen.  Kil- 
patrick  on  the  30th  passed  through  Han- 
over where  his  rear  guard  was  attacked  by 
the  main  portion  of  Stuart's  command. 
This  brought  Kilpatrick  back  and  the  two 
great  cavalry  chieftain's  contested  the  pos- 
session of  the  place  from  10  a.  m.  till 
noon  when  Stuart  withdrew  and  commen- 
ced his  detour  through  York  county,  tak- 
ing Jefiferson,  Salem,  Dover,  and  Dillsburg 
in  his  way  to  Carlisle,  which  was  the  open- 
ing really  of  the  battle  of  Gettysburg.  Kil- 
patrick lost  1 1  killed  and  42  wounded  while 
Stuart's  loss  was  about  the  same.  Early 
and  Ewell  respected  private  property,  and 
their  hungry  brigades  were  well  trained 
and  orderly,  but  some  of  their  subordinate 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


45 


commanders  and  a  part  of  Stuart's  force 
were  not  so  mindful  of  the  propert)'  of  non- 
combatants  and  pillaged  the  settlements 
through  which  they  passed. 

In  1 86 1  the  ladies  of  York  opened  a  tem- 
porary hospital  in  a  building  on  the  fair 
ground  to  accommodate  the  sick  of  Camp 
Scott.  Next  the  Duke  street  school  build- 
ing was  used  for  hospital  purposes,  and  in 
June,  1862,  the  barracks  on  the  public 
commons  was  fitted  up  and  the  York  gen- 
eral hospital  established  in  them.  From 
1862  until  1865  hundreds  of  wounded  were 
cared  for  in  this  hospital  which  often  had 
as  high  as  1500  patients  at  a  time. 


Subsequent  Military  History.    Since 

Lee  surrendered  to  the  "Silent  Man  of  Ga- 
lena" there  has  been  but  little  of  military 
event  or  importance  in  the  Nineteenth 
Congressional  district  to  record.  The  or- 
ganization of  Grand  Army  Posts  and  com- 
panies of  the  National  Guard  are  worthy 
of  record  and  the  formation  of  the  latter 
are  evidences  of  the  continued  patriotism  of 
a  generation  whose  fathers  upheld  the  flag 
on  a  hundred  battlefields  of  the  Great  Re- 
bellion, and  whose  forefathers  were  with 
Washington  from  Valley  Forge  to  York- 
town. 


CHAPTER  IV. 


Agriculture — Turnpikes  and  Highways — Milling  and  Merchandizing- 
Manufactures — Banks — Railroads — Minor  Industries. 


IT  IS  a  matter  of  gratification  that  the 
enterprising  farmers  of  the  Nine- 
teenth Congressional  district  have 
been  fully  in  sympathy  with  the  progressive 
agricultural  spirit  of  the  age  for  over  three 
quarters  of  a  century  and  that  their  efforts 
have  won  for  them  a  most  successful  and 
very  flattering  record  as  agriculturalists. 
It  is  also  worthy  of  record  and  comment 
that  the  increase  of  the  principal  agricult- 
ural products  of  the  district  has  been 
in  the  same  ratio  as  the  increase  of 
its  population,  while  every  indication 
warrants  a  large  supply  for  all  future 
contingencies.  The  promptness  of  the  peo- 
ple of  the  district  to  employ  labor-saving 
machinery  and  their  tendency  to  increase 
instead  of  diminishing  their  grain  produc- 
ing areas,  have  developed  agriculture  to 
such  an  extent  that  it  is  not  only  a  leading 
element  of  present  prosperity,  but  rises  into 
prominence  as  a  potent  factor  in  the  future 
wealth  and  progress  of  the  district. 

In  comparing  the  past  with  the  present 
of  agriculture  in  Cumberland  county  an 
eloquent  writer  says  "The  advancement  of 
science  as  been  seen  in  the  improvements 
which  characterize  the  cultivation  of  the 
soil,  and  the  progress  that  has  marked  the 
introduction  of  agricultural  implements" 
and  that  the  intelligent  modern  farmer 
"rises  above  the  narrow  selfishness  that  too 
often  characterizes  his  fellow-laborers,  and 
becomes  a  philanthropic  scientist  whom 
the  future  will  rise  up  and  call  blessed." 


Cumberland  county  farmers  during  the  Co- 
lonial period  of  farming  tilled  their  fields 
by  the  hardest  of  manual  labor  and  with 
the  clumsiest  of  tools,  and  in  the  next  or 
awakening  period  had  introduced  clover 
and  learned  something  of  the  use  of  lime, 
The  introduction  of  the  iron  plow  about 
1825  was  the  commencement  of  a  third 
peiiod  terminating  in  1840,  when  the  grain 
reaper  was  brought  into  the  county  by 
Judge  Frederick  Watts,  of  Carlisle.  Judge 
Watts  the  preceding  year  procured  from 
Lt.  William  Inman  some  Mediterranean 
wheat  which  was  thus  not  only  introduced 
into  Cumberland  county,  but  into  the  Uni- 
ted States.  When  Judge  Watts,  in  1840, 
set  up  in  his  harvest  field  the  first  McCor- 
mick  reaper  ever  used  in  Pennsylvania, 
nearly  a  thousand  persons  were  present  to 
see  "Watt's  folly,"  and  when  the  man  who 
was  raking  was  unable  to  keep  the  grain 
raked  as  fast  as  it  was  cut,  a  well-dressed 
stranger,  took  the  rake  and  showed  that  it 
could  be  raked  by  one  man  without  calling 
for  any  stoppage  of  the  team.  This 
stranger  prove'd  to  be  Cyrus  H.  McCor- 
mick  and  agriculture  went  forward  rapidly 
from  that  day.  In  1854  Judge  Watts  suc- 
ceeded in  founding  the  Cumberland  County 
Agricultural  Society,  of  which  he  served 
two  terms  as  president.  The  society,  in 
1855,  purchased  a  six  acre  tract  and  im- 
proved it  so  that  it  became  a  first  class 
fair  ground  in  a  short  time.  In  1873,  R. 
H.  Thomas  was  instrumental  in  an  agita- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


47 


tion  that  resulted  in  the  founding  of  the 
Grangers  Inter-State  picnic  institution  in 
WilHams'  Grove  on  an  island,  in  Yellow 
Breeches  creek,  thirteen  miles  southwest 
from  Harrisburg.  This  picnic  now  is  of 
national  reputation  and  there  the  farmers 
and  manufacturer  bring  together  their  pro- 
ducts for  inspection  by  as  high  as  150,000 
people  for  which  ample  accommodations 
are  provided  on  a  forty  acre  tract  of  land 
and  who  are  charged  no  admittance  fee 
The  developing  period  commencing  in 
1840  closed  in  1876,  when  the  Centennial 
exhibition  ushered  in  a  period  of  agricul- 
tural progression  marked  by  a  practical 
labor-saving  machinery,  improved  elevator 
storage,  perfected  systems  of  grain  trans- 
portation and  speciaHzation  of  productions. 

The  history  of  agricultural  growth  in 
Adams  has  been  similar  to  that  of  Cumber- 
land county,  and  its  representative  farmers 
are  fully  abreast  of  the  times  in  all  that  per- 
tains to  their  useful  and  honorable  occupa- 
tion. The  Adams  County  Agricultural 
Society  has  been  in  operation  for  many 
years. 

But  little  different  in  soil  and  climate 
from  her  surrounding  counties,  York  like 
them  grew  slowly  in  agriculture  during  the 
pioneer  and  early  settlement  days.  The 
sickle  and  the  ilail  prepared  the  wheat  and 
rye  and  barley  for  the  "pioneer  mill,"  a 
hollowed  stump  and  pestle,  where  corn  was 
also  ground.  Hemp  and  flax  were  also 
raised.  Long-wooled  sheep  and  long- 
horned  cattle  were  first  brought  into  the 
county.  Merino  sheep  were  introduced 
about  1800;  short-horned  cattle  about  1830 
with  Devons  much  later  and  Jerseys  be- 
tween 1861  and  1865.  Artificial  seeding 
to  grass  came  in  use  about  1800  when  red 
clover  and  timothy  grasses  were  introduced 
into  the  county.  Spelt-wheat  and  barley 
were  prevalent  until  1828  when  red  wheat 
and  blue-stem  wheat  took  their  places.  The 


German  heavy  scythe  and  the  sickle  gave 
way  to  the  English  scythe  and  the  grain 
cradle  and  they  in  turn  were  supplanted  by 
mower,  and  the  Hussey  and  McCormick 
reapers  in  1853.  The  flail  was  succeeded 
by  the  horse  power  threshing  machine  and 
it  has  been  largely  displaced  by  the  steam 
thresher.  The  hand  rake  gave  way  in  1838 
to  the  turning  rake,  which  was  succeeded 
by  the  modern  sulky  rake  in  i860.  Hand- 
sowing  of  wheat,  oats  and  rye  continued  up 
to  1838,  when  the  grain  drill  was  intro- 
duced. Lime  as  a  fertilizer  was  experi- 
mented with  in  1817,  and  generally  intro- 
duced in  1830,  when  the  rotation  of  crops 
began.  Sorghum  was  introduced  about 
1862,  and  the  soil  of  the  county  is  well 
adapted  to  the  production  of  the  sugar  beet. 
The  most  important  event  in  the  agri- 
cultural history  of  York  county  is  the  in- 
troduction of  an  improved  tobacco  culture 
into  its  townships,  in  1837  by  Benjamin 
Thomas.  In  place  of  the  old  "shoe-string" 
Kentucky  seed  Mr.  Thomas  brought  in 
Havana  seed  and  thus  really  commenced 
the  better  seed-leaf  tobacco  raising  in  Penn- 
sylvania. His  small  Havana  leaf  changed 
into  the  larger  Pennsylvania  leaf  and  until 
1853  he  handled  all  the  tobacco  raised  in 
the  county.  In  the  year  last  named  P.  A. 
and  S.  Small  joined  Mr.  Thomas  and  his 
son  in  handling  tobacco  and  introduced  the 
Connecticut  seed  leaf,  which  is  now  exten- 
sively planted.  As  early  as  1840,  York 
county  produced  162,748  pounds  of  to- 
bacco, and  in  1880  from  4,667  acres  raised 
5,753,766  pounds.  In  speaking  of  the 
present  products  of  tobacco  in  York  county 
George  W.  Heiges,  Esq.,  says  "The  Ninth 
Internal  Revenue  district  of  Pennsylvania 
of  which  York  county  forms  a  part,  re- 
turned a  greater  income  to  the  Government 
the  last  fiscal  year,  from  the  sale  of  revenue 
stamps  for  cigars,  than  any  other  in  the 
United  States,  and  the  sub-ofHce  at  York 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


ranks  high  among  the  few  of  the  first  class 
in  the  whole  couiitr)',  in  the  annual  sale  of 
stamps,  the  revenue  to  the  Government  last 
year,  from  this  source  realized  at  the  York 
sub-office  exceeding  three  quarters  of  a 
million  dollars.  In  the  925  square  miles  of 
territory  in  York  county  including  the  city 
of  York,  there  are  more  than  1,500  cigar 
factories  in  which  are  manufactured  all 
grades  of  cigars  from  the  cheapest  to  those 
sold  at  $90  per  thousand.  In  some  of  the 
York  city  factories  there  are  employed  300 
to  400  hands,  in  many  from  50  to  100. 
There  were  sold  last  year  at  the  York  office 
stamps  for  exceeding  250,000,000  cigars. 
Now,  flourishing  hamlets  of  no  inconsider- 
able size  have,  within  recent  years,  sprung 
up  in  all  parts  of  the  county,  the  result  of 
generous  incomes  from  tobacco  culture  and 
the  consequent  extensive  cigar  industry." 

York  county  has  not  been  behind  the  ad- 
joining counties  in  organized  efTort  for  the 
improvement  of  her  agricultural  classes. 
The  York  County  Agricultural  Society  was 
founded  in  1852,  and  the  Hanover  Agri- 
cultural Society  in  1885.  Each  society 
owns  a  valuable  tract  of  land,  holds  a  fair, 
and  the  York  society  was  formed  "to  foster 
and  improve  agriculture,  horticulture  and 
the  domestic  and  household  arts."  John 
Evans  was  the  first  president  of  the  York 
society,  and  served  as  such  for  twenty-five 
years  during  which  he  was  a  large  and  suc- 
cessful exhibitor,  but  never  accepted  any 
of  the  numerous  premiums  awarded  him. 
The  first  president  of  the  Hanover  Society 
was  Stephen  Keefer,  and  a  specialty  of  its 
early  fairs  were  the  purchase  and  sale  of 
large  numbers  of  fine  horses. 

In  summing  up  the  results  of  agricultural 
growth  in  York  we  can  express  them  best 
by  quoting  George  R.  Prowell,  who  says: 
"the  typical  York  county  farmer  of  to-day, 
is  conservative,  industrious  and  in  general, 
prosperous.     He  labors  hard  from  sun-up 


to  sun-down,  during  the  summer  months; 
strives  to  constantly  improve  his  land  and 
make  his  farm  and  farm  buildings  more 
attractive  every  year." 

Each  of  the  three  county  agricultural  so- 
cieties of  the  district  elects  a  member  of 
the  Pennsylvania  State  Board  of  Agricul- 
ture, and  in  1880,  the  district  contained  13,- 
924  farms  aggregating  nearly  900,000  acres 
of  improved  land  on  which  were  nearly 
6,000,000  dollars  worth  of  Hve  stock.  These 
farming  lands  were  then  valued  at  over 
65,000,000  dollars,  and  on  them  had  been 
expended  in  1879  nearly  $700,000  in  ferti- 
lizers. 

Farm  life  in  the  Nineteenth  District  will 
compare  favorably  with  farm  life  in  any 
section  of  the  Union,  and  in  speaking  of 
the  present  character  of  such  life  Dr.  W.  S. 
Roland,  of  York,  most  truthfully  says: 

"Poets  have  sung^  orators  declaimed, 
editors  written  in  eulogy  of  agricultural 
life;  its  usefulness,  its  independence,  its  no- 
bility, its  happiness, and  the  prosperous  suc- 
cess which  usually  attends  its  people  in 
their  various  enterprises,  pursuits  and  occu- 
pations— as  to  convince  the  most  skeptical 
that  there  is  a  charm  surrounding  home  life 
on  the  farm,  pleasant  and  beautiful  to  con- 
template; and  yet  in  these  latter  years,  both 
observation  and  experience  show  a  grow- 
ing reluctance  among  our  young  men  and 
maidens — born  and  brought  up  on  the  farm 
— to  engage  in  agricultural  pursuits.  Time 
was  when  the  farmer's  son  found  his  high- 
est ambition  gratified  in  the  possession  and 
management  of  a  farm  equal  to  his  father's ; 
when  the  daughter  sought  no  better  and 
happier  lot  than  her  mother's  to  preside 
over  a  neat  dairy,  or  well-  appointed  and 
managed  farm  house,  amid  the  charms  of 
country  life.  All  that  has  strangely 
changed.  The  country  boy  will  not  endure 
the  idea  of  farm  life,  but  flies  off  to  town  at 
the  moment  of  emancipation  from  parental 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


49 


control,  and  engages  often  in  harder  labor, 
and  at  less  remuneration,  than  would  have 
been  his  lot  on  the  farm.  The  daughter 
engages  in  school  teaching  or  sewing,  or 
some  other  more  exacting  labor  in  prefer- 
ence to  the  household  avocations  of  a  farm- 
er's wife  and  daughter;  and  yet  it  is  a 
strange  paradox  that  the  town  tradesman, 
whose  life  has  been  spent  amid  the  cares 
and  worries  and  turmoil  of  city  life,  earnest- 
ly longs  for,  and  strives  for  a  country  home 
and  rural  surroundings  for  his  old  days  re- 
tirement and  his  children's  education.  Now 
why  do  the  country  boy  and  girl  turn  with 
aversion  amounting  to  disgust  from  the 
paternal  home  and  employment?  It  is  un- 
doubtedly due  partly  to  the  prevailing  idea 
that  other  avocations  and  employments 
merely  afford  a  surer  and  speedier  road  to 
the  acquisition  of  wealth  and  distinction. 
This  is  surel}'  a  great  mistake.  The  spirit  of 
improvement  in  agriculture  has  advanced 
so  rapidly  that  education  has  become 
a  pressing  necessity.  That  to  keep  up  with 
the  times  brains  are  just  as  essential  as 
muscle,  and  agricultural  societies,  State 
boards  of  agriculture,  farmers"  institutes 
and  home  agricultural  publications,  are  all 
busy  sowing  the  seeds  of  social  culture  and 
intellectual  training.  These  associations, 
opportunities  and  advantages  are  well  cal- 
culated to  stimulate  and  nerve  the  farmer 
to  care  for  his  family,  his  home  and  his 
farm;  and  it  is  but  fair  to  say,  that  the  time 
is  now  here,  when  the  ambitious,  desiring 
to  succeed  in  social  attainments,  and  take 
honorable  position  in  society,  are  not  com- 
pelled to  leave  the  farm  for  other  profes- 
sions and  occupations,  already  more  than 
full, for  the  quality  and  standing  of  any  hon- 
orable calling  can  only  be  measured  by  the 
character  of  the  men  and  women  engaged 
in  it;  and  no  sy.stem  can  so  well  bring  boys 
and  girls  up  to  the  required  standard,  as 
for  them  to  stay  at  home  and  improve  their 


minds  in  moral,  social  and  intellectual  cul- 
ture, for  under  such  training  they  can  only 
become  the  equals  in  intelligence  with  any 
other  known  class  of  respectable  scientists 
in  the  country.  "The  noblest  mind,  the 
best  contentment  has."  The  place  called 
home  should  be  adorned  and  attractive  in 
al!  its  surroundings — for  he  only,  who  has 
a  home  to  love  and  a  home  to  defend — can 
best  do  his  duty  to  himself,  his  family  and 
his  country." 

Turnpikes  and  Highways.  Indian  trails 
were  the  first  highways  of  the  pioneer  set- 
tlers, and  some  of  them  were  partly  used  in 
the  routes  laid  out  for  subsequent  roads. 

The  first  public  road  in  Cumberland 
county  was  laid  out  in  1735,  by  order  of  the 
court  of  Lancaster  county,  and  ran  from 
Harris'  ferry  on  the  Susquehanna  to  Wil- 
liams" ferry  on  the  Potomac.  It  was  fin- 
ished as  far  as  Shippensburg  by  1755,  but 
in  the  meantime  packsaddle  roads  had  been 
made  from  settlement  to  settlement,  and  by 
1790  numerous  public  roads  had  been  laid 
out  and  built  in  different  parts  of  the 
county.  The  first  turnpike  was  the  Han- 
over and  Carlisle  which  was  put  under  con- 
struction in  1812,  and  in  a  short  time  the 
Harrisburg  and  York  turnpike  was  built 
along  the  west  side  of  the  Susquehanna, 
while  in  1816,  the  Harrisburg  and  Cham- 
bersburg  was  put  under  contract  and  passed 
through  Hogestown,  Kingston,  jMiddlesex, 
Carlisle  and  Shippensburg. 

In  Adams  county  the  first  public  road 
was  opened,  in  1742,  from  the  Marsh  Creek 
settlement  to  York  and  other  roads  were 
surveyed  and  made  as  the  settlements  in- 
creased. Turnpikes  were  agitated  in  1807, 
and  the  next  year  the  Gettysburg  and  Pet- 
ersburg turnpike  was  put  under  construc- 
tion. The  turnpike  from  Galluchas'  saw 
mill  to  Chambersburg  was  chartered  in 
1809,  and  two  years  later  the  Gettysburg 
and  Black  Tavern  and  the  Gettysburg  and 


so 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


York  turnpikes  were  put  under  contract, 
while  today  the  county  is  well  supplied  with 
public  roads  and  pikes. 

The  traders'  and  missionary  routes  in 
York  county  followed  the  Indian  trails  and 
were  changed  into  packhorse  roads,  which 
were  the  only  thoroughfares  of  that  day 
until  1739  when  the  Lancaster  county  court 
ordered  the  location  and  construction  of  the 
Monocacy  road  from  Wrights  Ferry  past 
the  sites  of  York  and  Hanover  to  the 
Maryland  line,  although  three  years  earlier 
the  Hanover  and  Baltimore  road  had  been 
laid  out  and  worked.  Succeeding  these 
roads  came  the  Smith  and  York  road,  1742; 
Walnut  Bottom  and  Hussey  Ferry,  1742. 
Hussey  and  Wilkins,  York  and  Lancaster, 
Newbury  and  York,  1745;  Rutledge  Mill 
and  York,  1747;  Anderson  and  Wright, 
1749;  Nelson  and  York,  1749;  Lancaster, 
Lowe's  Ferry  and  Shippensburg,  1750; 
Peach  Bottom  and  York,  1752;  York  and 
Maryland,  1754;  McGrew  Mill  and  New- 
bury, 1769;  Canal,  1769;  and  York-Hellam 
Ironworks  road  opened  in  1770.  Since 
then  other  roads  have  been  laid  out  and 
built  wherever  needed  in  the  different  sec- 
tions of  the  count}'. 

The  first  turnpike  in  York  county  was 
the  Susquehanna  and  York  Borough  built 
in  1808.  Succeeding  it  we  find  the  Han- 
over and  Maryland  Line,  1808;  York  and 
Gettysburg,  1818;  York  and  Maryland 
Line;  York  and  Conewago,  Berlin  and 
Hanover;  and  York  and  Chanceford,  1877. 
Over  these  roads  is  quite  a  volume  of  travel 
notwithstanding  an  increase  of  railways. 

Milling  and  Merchandizing.  Surpass- 
ing all  branches  of  manufacture  that  have 
an  intimate  relation  to  agriculture  is  the 
manufacture  of  meal  and  flour.  In  1880 
Adams  county  had  52  flouring  and  grist 
mills;  Cumberland,  55;  and  York,  156, 
whose  combined  product  was  worth  over 
2I  million  dollars. 


The  "pioneer  mill"  was  a  hollowed  stump 
and  a  pestle,  which  was  succeeded  about 
1740  by  the  small  log  grist  mill.  In  that 
year  or  a  little  later  John  Day  erected  such 
a  mill  12  miles  north  of  York,  and  William 
Leeper  built  another  south  of  Shippens- 
burg, while  tradition  accredits  one  or  two 
log  mills  to  the  southern  part  of  Adams 
county  but  the  local  and  county  historians 
of  the  district  give  but  little  account  of  the 
early  mills.  After  the  Revolution  the  log 
mill  was  succeeded  by  frame  and  stone 
mills  operated  by  water  power,  until  about 
1850,  when  steam  was  introduced  for  mill- 
ing power,  and  to-day  the  burr  mill  is  being 
largely  supplanted  bj'  the  roller  process 
mill  of  extensive  proportions  and  immense 
output  made  possible  by  railway  transpor- 
tation which  gives  foreign  market  in  addi- 
tion to  home  demand. 

The  pedlar  with  his  pack  was  the  first 
merchant  and  as  the  settler's  clearings  in- 
creased he  came  with  a  pack  horse  and 
then  a  wagon,  and  in  many  cases  served  as 
a  postoffice  for  the  transmission  of  news  be- 
tween the  pioneers  and  their  friends  and 
relatives  in  Lancaster  county  and  Philadel- 
phia. As  the  ambition  of  the  "Cross 
Roads"  owner  aspired  to  the  foundership  of 
a  town,  he  opened  a  small  store  which  was 
the  wonder  of  the  country  around.  These 
stores  grew  in  size  with  the  building  of  the 
towns  and  yet  were  principally  general  mer- 
cantile stores  until  after  the  late  war  since 
which  a  large  number  of  them  have  been 
conducted  in  individual  lines  of  merchan- 
dise. Wholesale  houses  as  well  as  retail 
establishments  are  now  to  be  found  in  the 
one  city  and  the  several  larger  towns  which 
for  size,  stock  and  trade  compare  favorably 
with  many  of  the  mercantile  houses  of  the 
larger  cities.  There  is  some  record  of  the 
prominent  merchants  of  to-day,  but  of  the 
pedlar,  the  county  store-keeper  and  even 
the  town  merchant  of  fifty  years  ago,  in 


Nin:eteenth  Congressional  District. 


51 


the  district  we  have  found  no  account,  al- 
though the  names  of  some  of  the  latter  class 
might  be  found  as  advertisers  in  early  news- 
papers that  have  been  preserved. 

Manufactures.  This  great  branch  of 
national  industry  has  grown  into  immense 
proportions  from  small  beginnings.  "The 
dry  and  repulsive  skeleton  of  mere  facts 
and  figures,  presented  in  the  official  tables, 
gradually  take  on  form,  substance  and 
habiliments,  and  becomes  animated  with 
something  of  the  life,  activity  and  beauty 
of  a  living  economy.  The  statistics  of 
looms,  spindles  and  factories,  of  furnaces 
and  forges,  of  steam  engines  and  sewing 
machines,  and  of  a  thousand  other  instru- 
ments of  creative  industry,  become  the  rep- 
resentatives of  almost  every  form  of  na- 
tional and  individual  happiness,  exertion, 
aspiration  and  power." 

The  earliest  manufacturing  industry  of 
the  Nineteenth  district  was  milling,  which 
has  been  noticed.  Cotemporaneous  with 
milling,  was  the  home  manufacturing 
of  clothing,  leather  and  crude  agricultural 
implements;  also  distilling  and  lumbering, 
and  then  came  the  manufacture  of  iron, 
which  constituted  a  period  of  the  history 
of  the  district. 

A  forge  was  built  at  Lisburn,  on  Yellow 
Breeches  Creek  in  Cumberland  county,  in 
1783,  and  was  succeeded  in  1790  by  Lib- 
erty forge  two  years  later.  Stephen  Foulk 
and  William  Cox,  Jr.,  built  Holly  furnace, 
which  was  torn  down  in  1855,  to  give  place 
to  a  paper  mill.  Michael  Ege,  in  1794, 
built  Cumberland  furnace  which  was  ten 
miles  southwest  of  Carlisle  and  ran  until 
1854;  and  in  1806,  Jacob  M.  Haldeman 
purchased  at  New  Cumberland,  a  forge 
built  previously  and  added  a  rolling  and 
slitting  mill,  which  went  down  in  1826. 
Near  Shippensburg  three  furnaces  were 
built — Augusta  in  1824;  Mary  Ann,  1826; 
and  Big  Pond  in  1836,  of  which  the  latter 


was  burned  in  1880,  and  the  former  two 
were  abandoned  prior  to  1885.  Fairview 
rolling  mill  near  the  mouth  of  Conedogui- 
net  creek,  was  built,  in  1833,  by  Gabriel 
Heister  and  Norman  Callender,  and  ran  un- 
til 1836,  when  Jared  Pratt,  of  Massachus- 
etts, leased  it  and  added  a  nail  factory.  The 
pre-Revolutionary  iron  works  of  Cumber- 
land county  were  a  forge  built  about  1760, 
at  Boiling  Springs,  where  a  blast  furnace, 
a  rolling  and  slitting  mill  and  a  steel  fur- 
nace were  afterward  added  and  constituted 
the  Carlisle  iron-works.  A  forge  was 
built  at  Mt.  Holly  in  1765  and  Robert 
Thornburg  &  Co.  built  a  forge  in  1767  at 
some  point  in  the  county,  while  Thornburg 
and  Arthur,  about  1770,  erected  Pine  Grove 
furnace  and  Laurel  forge.  Of  all  the  iron- 
masters mentioned  Michael  Ege  was  the 
most  prominent.  He  was  in  the  iron  busi- 
ness for  fifty  years,  came  from  Holland, 
and  shortly  before  his  death,  August  31, 
1815,  owned  the  Carlisle  iron  works  and 
Pine  Grove  furnaces.  In  1840  there  were 
six  furnaces  and  five  forges  and  rolling 
mills  in  Cumberland  county,  and  forty 
years  later  but  six  iron  and  steel  manufac- 
turing establishment  were  in  operation,  yet 
they  employed  nearly  700  hands  in  1880. 

Iron  manufacturing  was  developed  in 
Adams  county  at  a  late  date,  but  its  leading 
iron  master  was  the  "Great  Commoner," 
Thaddeus  Stevens,  who  with  a  Mr.  Paxton, 
built  Maria  furnace  in  Hamiltonban  town- 
ship in  1830.  Chestnut  Grove  furnace  was 
built  at  Whitestown  also  in  1830,  and  both 
are  now  abandoned,  the  former  going 
down  in  1837  and  the  latter  blown  out 
since  1880. 

The  earliest  iron  made  west  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna was  in  York  county  where  Peter 
Dicks  erected  a  bloomary  in  1756,  obtain- 
ing his  ore  from  the  Pigeon  Hills.  On  the 
site  of  the  bloomary,  in  1770,  Spring  Grove 
forge  was  built,  which  was  afterwards  pur- 


52 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


chased  by  Robert  Coleman  and  ran  until 
1850.  Mary  Ann  furnace  was  built  by 
George  Ross  and  Mark  Bird  in  1762 
and  continued  in  operation  up  to  1800, 
and  in  1765,  William  Bennett  erected 
the  Hellam  iron  works  or  Codorus  forge 
which  went  down  after  1850.  Palmyra 
or  Castle  Fin  forge  was  started  in  18 10. 
In  1820,  Davis  and  Gardner  built  the 
York  foundry,  furnace  and  forge,  and 
the  Slaymakers  erected  Margaretta  furnace 
in  1823  and  Woodstock  forge  in  1828,  but 
both  furnace  and  forge  were  abandoned 
about  1850.  Sarah  Ann  or  Manor  furnace 
was  built  in  1830  by  William  G.  Cornwell 
but  went  down,  while  York  furnace  started 
in  the  same  year  by  James  Hopkins,  was 
quite  active  in  1880,  when  York  county  had 
three  iron  and  steel  establishments  employ- 
ing thirty-five  hands.  Prominent  among 
the  iron  masters  of  York  county  are  Rob- 
ert Coleman,  James  Smith,  a  signer  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  Phineas  Da- 
vis, Henry  Y.  Slaymaker  and  James  Hop- 
kins, with  whom  James  Buchanan  read 
law,  yet  so  far  Mr.  Coleman  has  been  the 
most  noted  iron  manufacturer  of  the 
county.  Robert  Coleman  was  born  near 
Castle  Fin,  Ireland,  November  4,  1748, 
married  Ann  Old,  in  1773,  and  died  in 
Lancaster  in  1825.  He  owned  a  number 
of  forges,  forges  and  iron  works  in  Lan- 
caster county  and  Spring  Grove  furnace  in 
York,  where  Castle  Fin  forge  was  built  by 
his  sons  and  named  in  honor  of  his  birth- 
place in  Ireland. 

Shortly  after  the  first  forges  and  furnaces 
were  started,  the  lumber  industry  received 
an  impetus  along  the  Susquehanna  and  for 
a  time  promised  to  take  a  front  rank  in  the 
industries  of  the  district,  and  place  a  line  of 
prosperous  towns  on  the  river,  but  the  in- 
troduction of  steam  saw  mills  and  the  open- 
ing of  the  Central  railroad  was  death  to  the 
visionary    schemes    of    wealth    and    town 


growth.  Changing  from  water  to  steam 
saw  mills  affected  the  river  towns  but  did 
not  lessen  the  volume  of  lumber  sawed  and 
for  nearly  half  a  century  lumbering  has 
held  its  place  as  an  important  industry  in 
Cumberland,  Adams  and  York  counties. 
In  1880,  these  counties  had  96  saw  and 
planing  mills  which  gave  employment  to 
297  hands. 

The  manufacture  of  cotton  and  woolen 
goods  has  been  carried  on  in  York  coun- 
ty for  a  number  of  years  and  nearly  20 
years  ago  there  were  7  factories  which  then 
employed  over  100  hands. 

To  York  county  is  also  confined  the 
manufacture  of  liquors,  once  prevalent 
throughout  the  district,  when  there  was  a 
distillery  on  every  farm.  In  1880  there 
were  14  distilleries  and  breweries  which 
employed  many  hands. 

Likewise  York  county  manufactures  lime 
for  sale  in  several  establishments,  although 
lime  is  heavily  used  in  the  other  countries, 
where  the  farmers  burn  their  own  lime- 
stone. 

The  manufacture  of  agricultural  imple- 
ments dates  back  in  Cumberland  and  York 
counties  to  about  the  year  1850,  and  30 
years  later  there  were  14  factories  in  which 
over  400  hands  were  employed,  while  fer- 
tilizers were  not  made  in  York  county  un- 
til some  years  later  and  in  1880  came  from 
two  factories. 

Paper  has  been  manufactured  for  nearly 
three  quarters  of  a  century  in  Cumberland 
and  York  counties.  The  Spring  Forge 
paper  mills  in  York  county  were  started  in 
1850,  and  in  1880  arrangements  were  made 
to  enlarge  them  into  a  half  a  million  dollar 
plant  with  a  capacity  of  30,000  pounds  per 
day.  The  York  Flaven  paper  mills  were 
started  in  1885,  and  four  paper  mills  in 
Cumberland  county  in  1880,  afforded  em- 
ployment for  over  two  hundred  hands. 

The    manufacture    of   boots    and   shoes, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


53 


men's  clothing,  and  wagons  and  carriages 
is  carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent  in 
Cumberland  and  York  counties,  while  cigar 
boxes,  marble  and  stone  work  and  whips 
are  turned  out  in  large  quantities  in  York 
county,  whose  Peach  Bottom  roofing  slate 
is  used  in  many  of  the  leading  cities  of  the 
United  States. 

In  Adams  and  York  counties  the  manu- 
facture of  tobacco,  cigars  and  cigarettes  has 
grown  to  immense  proportions,  and  nearly 
twenty  years  ago  required  ii  factories  in 
Adams  and  153  in  York  county  with  a  total 
of  over  700  hands. 

Among  the  later  industries  of  the  dis- 
trict are  the  manufactures  of  confectionery, 
ice  machinery,  wall  paper,  bank  safes  and 
locks  and  steam  engines  and  boilers,  and 
the  cit)'  of  York  alone  employs  two  himd- 
red  and  fifty  salesmen  to  canvass  the  mar- 
ket in  the  interests  of  her  manufactories. 
At  York  is  situated  the  Pennsylvania  Agri- 
cultural Works,  the  largest  of  the  kind  in 
the  world;  the  Weaver  Organ  and  Piano 
Company,  whose  instruments  are  in  de- 
mand all  over  the  United  States;  and  sev- 
eral confectionery  factories,  whose  goods 
are  sold  in  several  States;  and  a  branch 
factory  of  the  Singer  Sewing  Machine 
Company  which  supplies  eight  counties  of 
this  State  with  the  Singer  machine. 

The  growth  of  manufactures  for  20  3'ears 
after  the  late  war  in  the  Nineteenth  Con- 
gressional district  was  as  follows:  In  1870 
there  were  502  establishments  in  Adams; 
449,  in  Cumberland;  and  1,1 11  in  York, 
with  a  total  product  of  several  millions  of 
dollars;  while  in  1880,  Adams  had  276  es- 
tablishments; Cumberland  308;  and  York. 
859,  with  a  product  of  over  9  millions  of 
dollars. 

Banks.  The  establishment  and  the  mul- 
tiplication of  sound  banks  are  significant 
evidences  of  prosperity  and  material  prog- 
ress, and  business  expansion    always  call 


for  an  extension  of  banking  facilities. 
There  is  not  sufficient  data  obtainable  7rom 
which  to  venture  any  calculation  as  to  the 
amount  of  money  in  the  district  or  to  the 
location  of  its  financial  center. 

In  tracing  the  banking  institutions  of 
Cumberland  county  we  find  in  Carlisle  the 
following  named  banks  and  data  relative 
thereto: 

Carlisle  Deposit  Bank. — Chartered 
1 846; Renewed,  1866;  Renewed,  1886;  Capi- 
tal Stock,  $100,000;  Surplus,  $50,000. 

President,  Hon.  R.  M.  Henderson;  Adam 
Keller,  Cashier;  Vice  President,  Wm.  R. 
Line;  Directors,  Hon.  R.  M.  Henderson, 
Wm.  R.  Line,  J.  Herman  Bosler,  Lewis  F. 
Lyne,  Joseph  Bosler,  John  Sellumo,  R.  P. 
Henderson,  James  A.  Davidson,  George  D. 
Craighead. 

Farmers'  Bank. — Chartered,  1871;  Re- 
newed, 1891;  Capital,  $50,000;  Surplus, 
$50,000. 

President,  WilUam  Barnitz;  Cashier, 
Walter  Stuart;  Directors,  William  Barnitz, 
S.  R.  Brenneman,  Walter  Beall,  J.  W. 
Craighead,  W.  A.  Coffey,  Albert  A.  Line, 
David  Strohm. 

Merchants'  National  Bank. — Char- 
tered, Oct.  14,  1890;  Opened,  Nov.  5,  1890; 
Capital,  $100,000;  Surplus  and  Profits,  $32,- 
000. 

President,  Jno.  W.  Wetzel;  Vice  Presi- 
dent, J.  H.  Wolf;  Cashier,  J.  T.  Parmley; 
Directors,  J.  W.  Wetzel,  J.  H.  Wolf,  Jno. 
W.  Plank,  Jas.  W.  Eckles,  J.  W.  Hand- 
shew,  J.  H.  Gardner,  Dr.  J.  G.  Fickel,  W. 
F.  Glatfeher,  W.  Scott  Coyle. 

The  First  National  Bank,  of  Carlisle, 
ceased  to  exist  a  number  of  years  ago. 

The  Newville  Saving  Fund  Society  did  a 
banking  business  from  1850  to  1858,  and 
Rhea,  Gracey  and  Co.  were  private  bankers 
from  1853  to  1863,  when  their  institution 
was  reorganized  as  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Newville  with  a  capital  of  $100,- 


54 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


000.  In  1859  Merkle,  Muma  &  Co.  com- 
menced banking  at  Mechanicsburg  and  two 
years  later  had  their  institution  chartered 
as  the  Mechanicsburg  bank  which  was 
changed  in  1864  into  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Mechanicsburg  with  a  capital  of 
$100,000.  The  Second  National  Bank,  of 
Mechanicsburg,  was  organized  in  1863, 
with  a  capital  of  $50,000,  and  the  First  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Shippensburg  came  into  ex- 
istence in  1866. 

Adams  count)'  as  early  as  181 3  moved  in 
the  direction  of  securing  banking  facilities 
within  her  own  territory,  and  in  that  year 
a  bank  was  opened  at  Gettysburg  which  is 
still  in  operation.  A  second  bank  was  es- 
tablished, in  1864,  when  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Gettysburg  was  organized  with  a 
capital  of  $100,000. 

The  York  National  Bank. — The  first 
meeting  of  the  Directors  of  the  oldest  fi- 
nancial institution  in  the  City  of  York  was 
held  at  the  public  house  of  Samuel  Spang- 
ler,  on  January  31,  1810.  The  minutes  of 
that  meeting  record  the  election  of  David 
Cassat,  President,  and  William  Barber, 
Cashier,  pro  tempore.  The  Directors  were 
Henry  Irwin,  John  Spangler,  Godfrey  Len- 
hart,  William  Nes,  John  Myers,  Jacob  Hay, 
Jacob  Barnitz,  Philip  King,  John  Jessop, 
Jacob  Brillinger.  The  Directors  were  all 
men  of  prominence  in  the  community  and 
some  among  them  were  veterans  of  the  war 
of  1776.  A  call  was  made  for  subscription 
to  the  capital  stock  and  Tuesday  of  each 
week  was  established  as  discount  days,  when 
the  Board  of  Directors  sat  at  the  tavern  of 
Samuel  Spangler.  The  minutes  are  silent 
in  regard  to  the  operation  of  the  bank  until 
Sept.  13,  1813.  Probably  during  the  War 
of  1812  the  business  was  suspended.  At 
this  meeting  it  was  decided  to  "be  expedi- 
ent to  resume  the  operations  of  the  York 
Bank."  In  the  autumn  of  1813  the  lot  of 
ground   upon   which   the  present   banking 


house  now  stands  was  purchased,  and  on 
March  i,  1814,  the  bank  was  in  readiness 
to  transact  business,  notes  to  the  amount 
of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars  being  is- 
sued. The  statement  of  March  9,  1814, 
shows  capital  stock  $45,000,  deposits  $790. 
That  York  was  a  prosperous  town  is  evi- 
denced by  the  growth  of  the  deposits  of  the 
bank,  which  had  increased  in  six  months  to 
$80,000.  The  first  cashier  was  Thomas 
Woodyear,  of  Baltimore.  Upon  his  resig- 
nation in  1817  John  Schmidt  began  his  long 
term  as  cashier  of  the  bank.  No  history 
of  the  bank  would  be  complete  that  did  not 
recognize  the  high  intellectual  attainment 
and  sound  business  sagacity  of  Mr.  Schmidt, 
who  for  nearly  twenty  years  was  active  in 
the  management  of  the  bank.  No  tribute 
to  his  memory  could  be  more  lasting  than 
the  resolution  of  the  Board  of  Directors, 
"That  a  suitable  tombstone  be  erected  over 
our  late  Cashier,  John  Schmidt,  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  bank." 

Following  is  a  list  of  Presidents  and 
Cashiers  with  their  terms  of  service: 

Presidents — David  Cassat,  1810-1824; 
Jacob  Hay,  1824- 1826;  Chas.  A.  Barnitz, 
1826-1842;  James  Lewis,  1842-1845;  Mich- 
ael Doudle,  1845-1858;  Henry  Welsh,  1858- 
1867;  Dr.  Jacob  Hay,  1867- 1874;  Henry 
Welsh,  1874-1879;  G.  Edw.  Hersh,  1879 
1895;  Grier  Hersh,  1895-. 

Cashiers — William  Barber,  pro.  tem., 
1810-1813;  Thomas  Woodyear,  1813-1817; 
John  Schmidt,  1817-1835;  Samuel  Wagner, 
1835-1862;  Geo.  H.  Sprigg,  1862-1889;  W. 
H.  Griffith,  1889-1896;  John  J.  Frick  1896-. 

On  Nov.  26,  1864,  the  York  Bank  accep- 
ted the  provisions  of  the  National  Bank 
Act  and  became  the  York  National  Bank. 
The  capital  stock  of  the  bank  beginning  in 
1810  with  $45,000  has  been  increased  from 
time  to  time  both  by  stock  dividends  from 
its  earnings  and  from  new  subscripfions 
until  it  has  reached  $500,000  with  surplus 


NiN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


55 


of  $100,000.  The  total  net  earnings  of  the 
bank  from  its  organization  until  the  pres- 
ent year  amount  to  $2,654,140.24. 

Few  communities  can  point  to  a  financial 
institution  which  has  continued  for  eighty- 
seven  years.  An  institution  that  has  weath- 
ered the  storms  of  two  wars,  and  the  num- 
erous panics  of  the  past  century  must  stand 
as  a  monument  to  the  business  capability 
and  sagacity  of  its  originators  and  mana- 
gers. The  people  of  York  may  be  proud  to 
remember  that  their  ancestors  were  active 
in  its  management. 

The  York  County  National  Bank  was 
organized  at  York  prior  to  1846  as  the 
York  County  Savings  Institution:  the  First 
National  Bank,  of  York,  came  into  exist- 
ence in  1863;  the  Western  National  Bank, 
of  York,  was  organized  in  1875;  the  Far- 
mers National  Bank,  at  York  was  chartered 
in  1875;  and  the  Drovers  and  Mechanics 
National  Bank,  of  York,  was  organized  in 
1883.  Besides  these  national  banks  the 
city  of  York  has  had  the  banking  house  of 
Weiser,  Son  &.  Carl,  which  was  established 
in  1856.  York  today  is  one  of  the  leading 
and  strong  banking  centers  of  the  State, 
and  this  exerts  a  beneficial  influence 
on  the  business  inferests  of  Southern  Penn- 
sylvania. The  city  has  ten  banking  insti- 
tutions whose  standing  by  their  annual 
statement  in  1895  was  as  follows: 

Capital.  Surplus. 
York  National  Bank.  . .  .$500,000  $100,000 
First  National  Bank....  300,000  100,000 
York  Co.  Na'n'al  Bank . .  300,000  100,000 
The    Farmers'    National 

Bank 200,000     100,000 

Drovers'     &     Mechanics' 

National  Bank 100,000       30,000 

Western  National  Bank.    150,000       30,000 

City  Bank  100,000       50,000 

Security  Title  and  Trust 

Company 1 50,000 

The     York    Trust    Real 

Estate  &  Deposit  Co . .    1 50,000 


J.  H.  Baer's  Sons  Bank. 

The  first  banking  institution  of  Hanover 
was  the  Hanover  Saving  Fund  Society, 
which  was  chartered  in  1835,  and  the  next, 
the  First  National  Bank  of  Hanover  was 
organized  in  1863  with  a  capital  stock  of 
$50,000  which  by  increases  amounted  to 
$300,000  in  1877. 

When  the  first  bank  at  York  was  estab- 
lished, in  1814,  over  forty  banks  were  or- 
ganized in  the  State,  some  of  which  proved 
unsound  and  so  depressed  business  that 
many  projected  towns  never  passed  the 
paper  stage.  Some  of  these  paper  towns 
were  in  York  county. 

Railroads.  The  early  railroads  of  the 
Nineteenth  Congressional  district  bore  no 
important  relation  to  the  internal  commerce 
of  the  countr}^  but  its  later  roads  were 
built  as  links  in  the  great  systems  which 
now  cover  the  United  States  like  a  vast 
web  and  furnish  means  of  locomotion  and 
a  market  to  every  one  almost  at  his  own 
door. 

The  Cumberland  Valley  railroad  was 
chartered  in  1 831  to  run  from  Harrisburg 
to  Carlisle  and  opened  between  those  places 
in  1837,  and  was  extended  by  1856  to 
Chambersburg,  Franklin  county,  from 
which  a  railroad  was  in  operation  to 
Hagerstown,  Maryland.  These  two  roads 
were  consolidated  in  1864,  and  an  extension 
built  to  Martinsburg,  West  Virginia,  which 
made  the  Cumberland  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant railroads  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1872 
a  branch  was  built  from  Dillsburg  to  Me- 
chanicsburg  and  named  after  those  towns. 
The  Harrisburg  and  Potomac  railroad  was 
chartered  in  1870  by  the  Merriman  Iron 
and  Railroad  Company  and  built  by  Daniel 
V.  and  Peter  A.  Ahl,  of  Newville.  The 
company  becoming  involved  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad  Company  secured  and  has 
operated  it  since.  This  road  enters  Cum- 
berland county    at  Shippensburg  and     ex- 


56 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


tends  through  the  southern  townships  to 
Harrisburg,  having  a  branch  from  Wil- 
liams' mill  to  Dillsburg,  on  the  Cumberland 
Valley.  Besides  these  two  great  railroads 
running  east  and  west,  the  Northern  Cen- 
tral crosses  the  narrow  eastern  end  of  the 
county,  running  along  the  Susquehanna. 
Another  northward  running  road  was  built 
in  1869  from  Pine  Grove  furnace  to  Car- 
lisle and  in  1884  was  tapped  at  Hunter's 
Run  by  a  road  from  Gettysburg.  The  Pine 
Grove  and  Carlisle  road  is  known  as  the 
South  Mountain,  and  the  road  striking  it 
is  the  Gettysburg  and  Harrisburg  Railroad. 

And  passing  from  Cumberland  to  Adams 
county  we  find  there  a  railroad  history  of 
interest.  The  first  road  projected  in  the 
county  was  the  old  "Tape  Worm"  line  to 
run  from  Gett)'sburg  through  Franklin 
county  past  Thaddeus  Steven's  furnace  to 
some  point  on  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
railroad.  Work  was  commenced  on  it  in 
1835,  but  the  State  afterwards  stopped  pub- 
lic appropriation  for  it  and  it  lay  partly 
constructed  until  1884  when  the  Hanover 
Railroad  completed  it  eight  miles  west  of 
Gettysburg  to  Ortanna  Station  and  after- 
wards to  a  point  on  the  Western  Maryland 
railroad  of  which  it  is  now  a  part.  The 
Hanover  and  Littlestown  railroad  was  con- 
structed in  1859,  ^'''cl  now  forms  a  part  of 
the  important  railroads  of  Pennsylvania. 
Next  was  built  the  Hanover  and  Gettys- 
burg railroad,  now  called  the  Han- 
over Junction  and  Gettysburg,  and  one  of 
the  important  railroads  of  Pennsylvania. 
Succeeding  this  last  road  came  the  Gettys- 
burg and  Harrisburg  railroad,  built  in  1884 
and  passing  through  Carlisle  after  its  junc- 
tion with  the  South  Mountain  road. 

Railroad  building  commenced  in  York  as 
early  as  in  her  sister  counties.  The  North- 
ern Central  railway,  the  only  road  passing 
across  the  entire  breadth  of  the  State  and 
running   from  Baltimore    to  Canandaigua, 


New  York,  was  built  through  York  county 
by  different  companies.  The  first  company 
the  Baltimore  and  Susquehanna  built  to  the 
York  county  line  in  1832,  the  York  and 
Maryland  Line  Company  completed  the 
road  to  York  in  1838,  the  Wrightsville, 
York  and  Gettysburg  Company  carried  it 
to  Wrightsville  in  1840,  the  York  and  Cum-, 
berland  Company  extended  it  to  Bridge- 
port in  1850,  and  the  Susquehanna  Com- 
pany then  completed  it  to  the  New  York 
State  line.  The  Maryland  and  Pennsyl- 
vania Legislatures  in  1854  consolidated  all 
these  companies  under  the  name  of  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad  Company.  The 
Hanover  and  York  railroad  was  com- 
menced in  1873  and  now  forms  a  part  of 
the  Frederick  division  of  the  Northern 
Central,  which  also  includes  the  Littlestown 
road  and  the  Hanover  Branch  which  was 
completed  in  1852  from  Hanover  to  Han- 
over Junction.  The  Bachman  railroad 
from  Valley  Junction  on  the  Hanover 
Branch  across  Manheim  township  to  Ebb- 
vale,  Maryland,  was  completed  in  1872,  and 
the  Berlin  Branch  from  Hanover  to  East 
Berlin  was  opened  in  1877.  The  Balti- 
more and  Hanover  road  built  in  1877  was 
from  Emory  Grove  to  Black  Rock  Station, 
connecting  the  Western  Maryland  with  the 
Bachman  A^alley  road;  and  the  Stewarts- 
town  railroad  from  Stewartstown  to  New 
Freedom  on  the  Northern  Central  was  con- 
structed in  1885. 

The  last  road  of  the  county,  the  York 
Southern,  has  had  an  interesting  history. 
It  was  chartered  in  1874  under  the  name 
of  the  Peach  Bottom  railroad  and  was  to 
run  from  East  Berlin  through  York  and 
Peach  Bottom  to  Oxford  in  Lancaster 
county,  but  the  middle  division  from  York 
to  Peach  Bottom  is  all  of  the  road  that  has 
been  built  in  York  county.  The  road  was 
built  from  York  to  Muddy  Creek  Forks  in 
1874  and  the  next  year  carried  to  Delta. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


57 


The  road  was  sold  in  1882,  became  the 
York  and  Peach  Bottom  and  was  extended 
to  Peach  Bottom.  Another  sale  in  1888 
made  it  a  part  of  the  Maryland  Central, 
and  in  1894  by  still  one  more  sale  it  was 
made  the  York  Southern. 

Minor  Industries.  Among  the  earliest 
of  the  present  minor  industries  of  the  dis- 
trict is  shad  fishing  on  the  Susquehanna, 
which  in  early  days  was  a  large  business, 
from  181 5  to  1840  profitable  fisheries  were 
conducted  along  the  whole  river  front  of 
Manchester  and  Lower  Chanceford  town- 
ships in  York  county  and  near  the  small 
islands  in  the  Susquehanna.  The  canal  dam 
at  Columbia  now  prevents  the  shad  from 
going  higher  up  the  river  and  they  are 
scarce  below  that  place  on  account  of  in- 
judicious management. 

One  of  the  most  prominent  of  these 
minor  industries  is  the  manufacture  of 
Peach  Bottom  roofing  slate  from  the  slate 
quarries  of  Peach  Bottom  township,  some 
of  which  were  opened  during  the  latter 
part  of  the  last  century.  This  slate  is  un- 
excelled for  durability,  and  has  been  exten- 
sively used  by  the  United  States  and  sev- 
eral State  Governments,  two  great  railroad 
companies,  many  large  manufacturing- 
firms,  and  on  the  roof  of  the  palatial  Van- 
derbilt  mansion,  at  Ashville,  North  Caro- 
lina, which  is  the  most  elegant  and  expen- 
sive private  residence  in  the  world.  The 
Peach  Bottom  slate  vein  commences  at  the 
Susquehanna  two  miles  above  the  Mary- 
land State  line  and  runs  southwest  for  five 
miles  through  Peach  Bottom  township  and 
then  for  three  miles  into  Harford  county, 
Maryland,  where  it  is  broken  by  Broad 
creek.  It  is  250  feet  wide  at  the  eastern 
end  and  one  mile  at  the  western  extremity, 
and  pits  have  been  sunk  in  it  for  200  feet. 
The  Peach  Bottom  slate  belongs  to  the 
Cambrian  age  and  has  better  qualities  for 


strength  and  weathering  than  the  Silurian 
slates.  Prof.  Louis  Reber  gives  the 
strength  of  this  slate  per  square  inch  as 
5,360  pounds  when  the  pressure  is  apphed 
to  the  cleavage  and  10,530  pounds  when 
applied  perpendicularly  to  the  cleavage. 
His  analysis  of  Peach  Bottom  slate  is: 

Silica 58,370 

Protoxide  of  Iron   ' .  .  .  .  10,661 

Alumina  21,085 

Lime    0,300 

Water  4.030 

Alkali   1,933 

Carbon    0,930 

Magnesia   i  ,203 

Sulphur 1 .203 

Titanic  Acid Traces 

Oxide  of  Magnesia Traces 

Carbonic  Acid   0,390 

The  valuable  constituents  in  this  slate  are 
the  silicates  of  iron  and  alumina,  and  the 
injurious  ones  are  sulphur  and  the  Carbon- 
ates of  lime  and  magnesia.  The  Peach  Bot- 
tom C(uarries  were  worked  principally  by 
Welsh  companies  from  1850  to  1885,  and 
now  they  are  operated  chiefly  by  six  strong 
and  reliable  companies  which  have  their 
ofifices  at  Delta. 

The  minor  industries  of  sheep  and  cattle 
raising,  fruit  growing,  dairying,  and  water 
wheel  manufacturing  are  well  represented 
and  flourishing  in  the  district,  while  market 
gardening,  fruit  and  vegetable  canning, 
brick-making,  lime  burning,  cigar  box  mak- 
ing and  car  building  are  carried  on  success- 
fully on  a  small  scale  in  dififerent  sections. 

The  Nineteenth  District  is  a  rich  agricul- 
tural, mining  and  manufacturing  region 
with  excellent  financial  accommodations 
and  great  transportations  facilities  which 
gives  promise  of  future  wealth  and  pros- 
perity as  among  the  elements  of  a  progres- 
sive civilization  wrought  out  by  educational, 
moral  and  religious  forces. 


CHAPTER  V. 


Early  Schools — Act   of  1834 — The    Public  Schools — County  Institutes — Aca- 
demic Schools — Colleges — Professional   Schools — Parochial  Schools 
— Carlisle  Indian  Industrial  School. 


IT  IS  gratifying  to  know  that  tlie  public 
and  private  schools  and  the  higher 
institutions  of  learning  in  the  Nine- 
teenth Congressional  district  in  number 
and  building  equipment  and  in  the  profes- 
sional knowledge  and  practical  efficiency  of 
their  teachers  have  kept  pace  with  the 
growth  of  their  respective  counties  in  pop- 
ulation and  wealth;  and  that  they  compare 
favorably  with  the  educational  institutions 
of  any  unurban  district  in  the  Keystone 
State. 

Early  Schools.  Penn  when  he  founded 
his  city  and  colony  provided  that  schools 
should  be  opened  for  the  education  of  the 
young  in  which  pupils  were  to  pay  a  small 
tuition.  Enoch  Flower  was  the  first  school 
master  in  the  province  of  Pennsylvania. 
The  Quakers  soon  established  schools  in 
which  the  rich  paid  tuition  and  the  poor 
were  to  be  taught  gratis.  The  Germans 
objected  to  these  schools,  on  the  grounds 
that  the  work  would  not  be  done  well. 
All  religious  denominations  that  came  to 
Pennsylvania  brought  their  school  teachers 
as  well  as  their  preachers  and  side  by  side 
were  built  the  log  church  and  the  log  school 
house,  as  they  feared  State  supervision  in 
education  and  sought  to  have  free  schools 
under  church  patronage.  So  the  early 
schools  west  of  the  Susquehanna  were 
either  church  schools  or  private  schools, 
the  latter  being  known  as  subscription 
schools,  yet  classical  schools  and  a  college 


had  been  established  by  the  close  of  the 
Revolutionary  war.  The  minister  was  often 
the  teacher,  and  while  scant  record  of  the 
early  churches  and  their  pastors  has  been 
preserved  yet  the  names  of  the  early  schools 
and  teachers  have  passed  away.  The  early 
schools  were  of  two  classes,  the  church 
school  and  the  subscription  school  often 
both  existing  at  the  same  time  in  the  com- 
munity and  in  some  cases  the  latter  sup- 
planting the  former.  The  pioneers  were  so 
crowded  with  work  that  their  children  could 
be  spared  but  about  two  months  in  the  win- 
ter to  attend  school  in  log  cabins  and  log 
houses  built  by  common  efifort,  and  often  at 
a  distance  of  from  three  to  five  miles.  The 
teachers  in  the  subscription  schools  were 
often  intemperate  and  profane  men  of  lim- 
ited education  whose  profanity  was  their 
certificate  in  securing  a  school. 

''Der  Dicke  Schulmeister"  was  on  Kreutz 
creek  between  1725  and  1730,  and  three 
years  later  a  Lutheran  church  or  parochial 
school  was  established  there.  In  1747 
Rev.  Michael  Schlatter,  a  German  Re- 
formed minister,  established  several  paroch- 
ial schools  in  York  and  Adams  counties, 
while  about  the  same  time  the  Quakers  in 
the  northern  part  of  York  county  and  the 
Scotch-Irish  in  the  southern  part  estab- 
lished schools.  In  Cumberland  county 
schools  were  taught  as  early  as  1745,  and 
about  1773  Rev.  John  Andrews  taught 
Greek  and  Latin  at  York,  and  Rev.  Alex- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


59 


ander  Dobbins  was  engaged  in  the  same 
line  of  work  in  Gettysburg. 

Act  of  1834.  After  the  Revolutionary  war 
the  private  or  subscription  school  gained 
on  the  church  or  parochial  school  till  half  a 
century  later  the  common  school  took  the 
place  of  both  for  put  lie  education.  In  1776 
the  legislature  passed  the  first  school  law 
giving  aid  to  the  subscription  schools,  but 
little  was  accomphshed,  and  in  many  in- 
stances, as  in  Carlisle  in  1788,  personal  aid 
was  given  to  sustain  schools  for  the  poor 
and  ignorant.  The  constitution  of  1790 
provided  that  the  poor  might  be  taught 
gratis,  and  the  school  law  of  1809  directed 
the  assessor  to  list  the  children  between  five 
and  twelve  years  of  age  of  those  to  pay  for 
their  schooling  and  they  were  to  be  taught 
by  the  teachers  who  were  to  draw  pay  for 
them  from  the  county  commissioners.  This 
system  of  distinction  between  rich  and  poor 
was  called  the  "pauper  system"  by  the  op- 
ponents of  the  law,  and  in  1833  there  was 
only  an  attendance  of  17,467  such  children 
whose  tuition  cost  the  state  for  that  year 
but  little  over  $48,000. 

The  pride  of  the  poor  prevented  their 
general  acceptance  of  "gratis"  education  by 
common  schools.  Complex  and  cumber- 
some in  many  ways,  yet  its  defense  at  the 
next  session  made  Thaddeus  Stevens  im- 
mortal as  the  "Great  Commoner."  In 
1836,  Dr.  George  Smith,  prepared  a  new 
bill,  remedying  the  defects  of  the  Act  of 
1834,  and  its  passage  secured  the  great 
boon  of  public  education  to  the  people  of 
the  State  irrespective  of  wealth  or  povertv. 
The  common  schools  led  to  the  county  sup- 
erintendency  and  the  latter  was  the  first 
successful  step  toward  the  teachers'  insti- 
tute and  the  State  normal  school.  In  due 
course  of  time  the  common  school  became 
the  present  public  school  with  its  free  text 
books  and  compulsory  attendance.  The 
common  or  free  school  system  for  a  time 


met  with  opposition  from  ignorance,  prej- 
udice and  selfishness  but  eventually  tri- 
umphed over  every  foe  and  marks  an  era 
in  the  history  of  Pennsylvania. 

This  act  of  1834,  was  anticipated  in  Cum- 
berland county  in  183 1  in  which  year  un- 
der ex-county  superintendent,  D.  E.  Kast, 
a  public  meeting  was  held  at  Carlisle  and 
passed  two  resolutions  one  of  which  de- 
manded that  a  well  digested  system  of  free 
schools  be  established  and  supported  at 
State  expense,  and  the  other  condemned 
any  primary  system  of  education  which  did 
not  provide  the  same  instruction  free  to 
every  child  without  distinction  as  to  wealth 
or  poverty.  That  meeting  also  circulated 
a  petition  asking  the  legislature  to  pass  a 
free  school  law. 

The  Public  Schools.  Under  the  Act  of 
1834  sixteen  districts  of  Cumberland  county 
accepted  the  common  school  system  in 
1834,  and  all  of  them  were  accepting  in 
1836,  when  the  convention  voted  $10,000 
in  support  of  the  system  in  the  county. 
The  first  district  superintendent  was  Dan- 
iel Shelley  (1854-1860)  succeeded  by  D.  K. 
Noel,  who  resigned  on  account  of  his 
health,  and  was  followed  by  Joseph  Mifflin 
(1860-1863).  Then  George  Swartz  served 
until  1869,  succeeded  by  W.  A.  Lindsey, 
who  was  followed  by  D.  E.  Kast,  whose 
successor  S.  B.  Shearer  came  into  office  in 
1878. 

The  common  schools  met  with  greater 
opposition  in  Adams  than  in  Cumberland 
county.  Prof.  Aaron  Sheely  says  that  in 
1834,  seven  of  the  seventeen  districts  of 
Adams  county  accepted  the  free  school  sys- 
tem, that  the  next  year  another  district 
came  over  and  the  third  year  eleven  districts 
were  in  line,  leaving  five  all  whom  became 
accepting  by  1843.  The  early  county  sup- 
erintendents of  Adams  county  were;  David 
Wills  (1854),  Rev.  Reuben  Hill  (1856),  W. 
L.  Campbell  (1858),  John  C.  Ellis  (1859), 


6o 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Aaron  Sheely  (1863),  J.  H.  West  (1869),  P. 
D.  W.  Hankey  (1871),  and  Aaron  Sheely 
(1872). 

The  most  formidable  opposition  to  the 
free  school  system  in  the  19th  district,  was 
in  York  county,  where  but  7  of  the  29  dis- 
tricts accepted  the  system.  The  next  year 
nine  districts  were  for  free  schools  and  in 
1836,  seventeen  accepted.  The  remaining 
districts  did  not  accept  until  after  1848,  and 
of  them  Heidelberg  came  in  1857,  West 
Alanheim  in  1858,  and  Manheim  in  1870. 
The  opposition  came  principally  from  die 
Pennsylvania  Germans  whom  ex-Supt.  W. 
H.  Kain  says  were  not  opposed  to  educa- 
tion but  feared  danger  to  their  church  from 
these  free  schools  which  would  supplant 
their  parochial  schools.  Of  the  earlier 
school  superintendents  of  York  county 
were:  Jacob  Kirk  (1854),  G.  C.  Stair 
(1855),  Dr.  A.  R.  Blair  (1856),  D.  M.  Et- 
tinger  (1862),  S.  B.  Heiges  (1863),  S.  G. 
Boyd  (1869),  W.  H.  Kain  (1872),  D.  G. 
Williams  (1878). 

After  some  years  the  name  of  connnon 
schools  was  changed  to  the  present  one  of 
public  schools.  These  schools  are  now  in 
active  and  successful  operation  in  every 
community  in  the  Nineteenth  district. 

County  Institutes.  The  earliest  men- 
tion we  find  of  a  teachers  meeting  in  the 
line  of  institute  work  is  in  1834,  when  the 
Teachers'  Association  of  Adams  county 
met  at  Gettysburg,  November  20th  of  that 
year.  This  association  was  probably 
formed  in  1833,  and  missed  holding  ses- 
sions in  1857,  1858,  i860  and  1861.  Since 
1865  the  Adams  county  Teachers'  Institute 
has  met  yearly  at  Gettysburg  where  the 
Pennsylvania  State  Teachers'  Association 
held  a  three  days'  session  in  1866. 

A  year  later  than  the  Gettysburg  edu- 
cational meeting  there  was  a  convention 
of  teachers  and  other  friends  of  education 
at  Carlisle  on  December  19,  1835,  to  organ- 


ize an  association  but  it  is  probable  that 
it  went  down.  The  Cumberland  county 
Teachers'  Institute  was  permanently  organ- 
ized December  21,  1854,  and  has  held  its 
annual  sessions  ever  since. 

Of  any  educational  association  in  York 
county  earlier  than  1854  we  have  no  ac- 
count. On  December  23,  1854,  the  York 
county  Teachers'  Institute  was  organized 
and  like  the  similar  institutes  of  Adams  and 
Cumberland  counties  has  met  regularly 
ever  since. 

Academic  Schools.  The  first  classical 
or  academic  school  in  the  district  of  which 
we  have  definite  information  was  Rev. 
Alexander  Dobbins'  classical  and  boarding 
school  at  Gettysburg,  which  was  in  exist- 
ence from  1773  to  1801.  A  number  of  so- 
called  academies  were  started  in  Adams 
county  but  were  remarkably  short-lived, 
and  the  true  succession  of  Dobbins'  aca- 
demic school  was  the  Gettysburg  academy 
founded  about  1810  or  1811,  and  existing 
with  var)'ing  fortunes  until  1829,  when  not- 
withstanding the  State  aid  that  it  had  re- 
ceived, its  building  was  sold  for  debt,  and 
successively  used  as  the  home  of  the  Get- 
tysburg gymnasiimi  and  the  Gettysburg 
Female  institute.  The  Gettysburg  Female 
academy  was  in  operation  from  1830  to 
1875;  Haupts'  classical  school  ran  from 
1840  to  about  1850,  and  the  Huntertown 
English  and  Classical  academy  was  founded 
in   1852. 

Classical  schools  were  established  in  the 
Cumberland  Valley  at  an  early  day  and 
such  a  school  was  at  Carlisle  in  1776,  when 
its  principal  and  most  of  its  students  entered 
the  Continental  army.  Mention  in  1 78 1 
is  made  of  a  classical  school  at  Carlisle  and 
in  1786  of  one  at  Shippensburg.  Hopewell 
academy  was  in  existence  from  1810  to 
1832;  the  Newville  classical  school  started  in 
1835  continued  for  several  years,  and  the 
Carlisle  institute  founded  in   1831   existed 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


6i 


for  a  number  of  years  while  Kingston 
school  ran  from  1848  to  1850.  Hall  acad- 
emy organized  in  1851  became  a  Soldiers' 
Orphan  school  in  1867;  Mechanicsburg  se- 
lect school  started  about  1851,  became  in 
1853,  the  present  Cumberland  Valley  insti- 
tute; and  Sunnyside  Female  seminary  of 
Newburg  existed  from  1858  to  1868;  while 
Mary  institute  of  Carlisle  founded  in  i860 
went  down  about  1870.  Shippensburg 
academy  was  opened  in  1861  and  closed 
some  years  later,  while  Mezger  female  in- 
stitute was  organized  about  1880.  Other 
academies  have  been  established  in  Cum- 
berland county  of  which  no  definite  ac- 
count can  be  secured. 

York  county  reaches  back  in  her  aca- 
demical history  to  Revolutionary  days. 
Rev.  John  Andrews  not  earlier  than  177c 
and  not  later  than  1773  opened  a  classical 
school  at  York  which  he  conducted  for  sev- 
eral years.  The  old  York  county  academy 
was  opened  in  1787,  and  is  still  in  existence. 
The  Stewartstown  English  and  Classical 
institute  was  founded  in  185 1,  and  Cottage 
Hill  seminary  at  York  about  the  same  time, 
but  the  latter  institution  in  a  few  years  was 
succeeded  by  the  Young  Ladies'  seminary  of 
York.  The  York  Collegiate  institute  was 
opened  in  1873  and  is  one  of  the  leading 
academical  schools  in  the  State. 

Before  passing  from  the  field  of  second- 
ary instruction  it  is  necessary  to  speak  of 
State  Normal  and  public  high  schools  and 
notice  the  modern  business  colleges.  The 
State  normal  schools  having  besides  their 
normal  courses,  elementary,  scientific 
and  classical,  are  prominent  and  useful 
factors  in  the  educational  fabric  of  the  State 
and  nation  commencing  with  the  public 
school  and  culminating  in  the  university. 
Of  these  normal  schools,  the  Cumberland 
Valley  or  Shippensburg  State  Normal 
school  of  the  seventh  State  normal  district, 
is    entitled   to    honorable    mention.       The 


movement  that  led  to  its  establishment 
commenced  in  1850  and  first  took  definite 
form  in  a  county  normal  school  at  New- 
ville,  but  finally  resulted,  in  1870,  in  the 
State  normal  school  for  the  seventh  dis- 
trict. The  charter  was  obtained  in  1870, 
the  necessary  buildings  erected  during  187 1 
and  1872,  and  the  property  accepted  as  a 
State  institution  in  1873.  The  institution 
is  well  equipped  for  its  work,  has  furnished 
many  excellent  teachers,  and  from  1873  to 
1894  enrolled  5,269  students.  The  York 
high  school  was  opened  in  1870  and  is 
highly  commended,  while  the  Hanover  and 
Wrightsville  high  schools  have  been  estab- 
lished since  1885.  The  only  business  col- 
lege in  the  district  of  which  we  have  ac- 
count is  Patrick's  Business  College  of 
York. 

And  also  deserving  mention  is  the  White 
Hall  Soldiers'  Orphan  school  of  Cumber- 
land county,  which  was  established  in  1869; 
the  Childrens'  Home  of  York,  founded  in 
1865  for  soldiers'  orphans;  Eichelberg  Aca- 
demy, at  Hanover,  and  Irving  Female  Col- 
lege, at  Mechanicsburg,  all  well  managed 
and  meritorious  institutions. 

Colleges.  Dickinson  is  the  tenth  oldest 
college  in  the  United  States,  being  founded 
on  September  8,  1783.  The  colonies  had 
just  finished  a  long  and  arduous  struggle  for 
liberty;  they  were  impoverished  and  with- 
out any  assurance  that  permanent  govern- 
ment could  be  established.  The  town  of 
Carlisle  was  very  far  "West"  in  those  days, 
and  could  be  reached  only  by  stage  coach 
from  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore.  Chief 
Justice  Taney  devotes  some  space  of  his 
Memoir  to  the  recital  of  his  very  exciting 
journey  from  Baltimore  to  the  town.  And 
yet  many  leading  men  urged  the  Legisla- 
ture of  Pennsylvania  to  grant  a  charter  for 
"the  erection  of  a  college  in  the  Borough 
of  Carlisle  *  *  *  for  the  education  of 
youth  in  the  learned  and  foreign  languages. 


62 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


the  useful  arts,  science  and  literature." 

The  establishment  of  a  college  west  of 
the  Susquehanna  was  not  a  new  idea. 
Many  prominent  men  had  agitated  the  mat- 
ter before  the  Revolutionary  War,  plans 
had  been  made  and  some  steps  taken. 
These  were  necessarily  interrupted  during 
the  period  of  struggle,  when  all  energies 
were  bent  toward  obtaining  freedom  and 
many  educational  institutions  closed  their 
doors.  Naturally,  at  the  close  of  the  war 
the  matter  was  again  taken  up  and  the  col- 
lege founded.  The  college  owes  its  origin 
in  large  part  to  Dr.  Benjamin  Rush,  one  of 
the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence; and  to  Hon.  John  Dickinson,  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  and  respected 
Americans  of  his  time,  from  whom  it  de- 
rived its  name.  The  gifts  of  the  latter 
made  possible  the  starting  of  the  college, 
and  it  was  thought  his  name  would  "give 
character  to  the  young  institution."  Dr. 
Rush,  however,  was  more  intimately  con- 
nected with  the  college  during  its  first 
years.  He  was  continually  active  in  its  in- 
terest, at  one  time  urging  care  that  a  suffi- 
ciently healthful  location  be  selected,  sug- 
gesting the  kind  of  apparatus  that  should 
be  secured  for  the  various  departments;  at 
another  time  recommending  men  for  the 
different  professorships  whom  he  thought 
would  take  a  lively  interest  in  the  college, 
and  who  would  do  good  service. 

While  these  two  men,  Dickinson  and 
Rush,  were  most  directly  interested  in  the 
establishment  of  the  college  all  the  public 
men  and  educators  of  the  time  had  a  deep 
concern  for  the  success  of  the  project. 
Among  those  who  contributed  funds  were 
Hamilton  and  Jefiferson,  the  French  Am- 
bassador to  this  government,  Comte  de  la 
Luzere,,  and  seventeen  members  of  Con- 
gress. Even  from  England  contributions 
were  received.  Being  founded  at  the  same 
time  as  the  establishment  of  the  national 


government,  it  was  thought  to  make  it  in  a 
peculiar  manner  the  guardian  of  our  liber- 
ties. In  the  seals  of  Brown  and  Harvard 
is  seen  that  education  was  regarded  as  the 
supporter  of  religion;  in  the  seal  of  Dick- 
inson is  first  seen  what  we  now  regard  as 
the  fundamental  principle  of  our  existence  as 
a  nation,  that  the  safety  of  liberty  depends 
upon  the  intelligence  and  education  of  the 
people.  The  seal  of  the  college  is  an  open 
Bible,  a  Telescope,  and  a  Liberty  Cap,  thus 
typifying  the  connection  between  religion, 
culture,  and  liberty.  We  have  the  same 
sentiment  expressed  in  the  motto,  "Pietate 
et  Doctrina  Tuta  Libertas." 

The  first  president  of  the  cohege  was 
Rev.  Charles  Nesbit,  D.  D.,  of  Montrose, 
Scotland.  He  had  been  an  earnest  sympa- 
thizer with  the  colonies  in  their  struggle, 
and  when  approached  with  the  offer  of  the 
principalship  of  an  institution  of  learning 
in  the  new  country,  he  was  willing  to  accept, 
thinking  that  his  work,  in  a  country  where 
the  "minds  of  its  citizens  free  from  the 
shackles  of  authority  yield  more  easily  to 
reason,"  might  do  much  for  them.  It  was 
a  great  sacrifice  to  accept  the  position, — it 
meant  that  he  must  separate  himself  from 
his  friends,  by  whom  he  was  highly  es- 
teemed and  take  up  his  home  in  a  foreign 
country  and  among  strangers.  In  Europe 
he  was  regarded  as  a  very  able  Greek 
scholar,  and  indeed,  his  attainments  in  all 
intellectual  lines  were  very  distinguished. 

On  July  4,  1785,  Dr.  Nesbit  arrived  in 
Carlisle.  Five  miles  from  town  he  was 
met  by  a  company  of  citizens  and  con- 
ducted to  the  barracks,  which  were  for 
some  time  used  for  the  purposes  of  the  col- 
lege. He  at  once  entered  upon  his  work 
and  continued  as  president  until  his  death 
in  1804. 

For  the  first  nineteen  years  of  Dickin- 
son's life  this  man  was  associated  with  her 
as  president.       He  taught  Moral  Science 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


63 


and  Systematic  Theology,  and  was  in  close 
personal  contact  with  the  students.  With 
him  in  the  faculty  were  James  Ross,  pro- 
fessor of  Greek  and  Latin,  Robert  David- 
son, professor  of  History  and  Geography, 
and  Mr.  Tate,  instructor  in  English.  Soon 
after  his  arrival.  Dr.  Nesbit  was  taken  sick 
with  a  fever.  During  this  illness  he  was 
very  much  discouraged  and  regretted  that 
he  had  ever  left  Scotland  for  such  a  "fever- 
stricken  country."  He  resigned  his  posi- 
tion and  thought  of  returning  to  the  "old 
country."  However,  he  regained  his  health 
and  was  persuaded  to  again  take  up  his 
work  as  the  head  of  the  college.  During 
his  term  as  president  he  had  to  meet  many 
discouragements;  the  professors  who  were 
associated  with  him  at  the  start  one  by  one 
resigned  their  positions  and  new  men  took 
their  places;  money  was  hard  to  get,  and  it 
was  very  difficult  to  keep  the  college  run- 
ning. Dr.  Nesbit  remained  firm  and  fully 
justified  the  opinion  of  those  who  had 
placed  him  at  the  head  of  the  new  enter- 
prise. 

In  1787,  the  first  class  was  graduated 
from  the  college,  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Arts  being  conferred  on  nine  young  men. 
About  this  time  an  appropriation  for  the 
college  was  made  b}-  the  State,  and  the  erec- 
tion of  a  building  was  begun  on  the  lot 
which  is  now  the  beautiful  campus  of  the 
college.  This  land  was  purchased  direct 
from  the  Penn  family.  The  hopes  of  the 
college  began  to  rise.  It  was  now  the  ob- 
ject of  care  of  the  great  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  began  to  take  a  prominent  place 
among  the  institutions  of  learning  of  the 
country.  But  after  Dr.  Nesbit's  death  the 
college  began  to  experience  trouble.  The 
faculty  and  trustees  were  joint  administra- 
tors of  discipline,  and  they  did  not  always 
agree.  In  1832  the  authorities  began  to 
think  of  suspending  operations.  During 
this   time,   however,   several   distinguished 


men  filled  positions  as  professors  in  the  col- 
lege. Dr.  Atwaler,  president  of  Middle- 
bury  College,  Vermont,  resigned  his  posi- 
tion to  take  the  presidency  of  Dickinson. 
Dr.  Thomas  Cooper,  one  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished men  of  the  early  part  of  this 
century,  who  had  been  an  able  presiding 
judge  for  eight  years,  when  he  was  im- 
peached and  removed  from  office,  was 
elected  to  the  chair  of  Mineralogy  and 
Chemistry.  He  was  born  in  England, 
graduated  at  Oxford,  and  was  on  intimate 
terms  with  Pitt  and  Burke.  His  opinion 
on  legal  questions  was  regarded  as  author- 
ity by  Madison  and  other  Americans  of 
that  day.  Among  his  legal  writings  is  a 
translation  of  the  Institutus  of  Justinian 
with  notes.  As  a  scientist,  he  was  the  friend 
of  Priestly  and  had  the  use  of  his  laboratory 
in  Northumberland.  There  was  much  op- 
position to  his  election  to  a  professorship 
in  the  college  on  account  of  the  strong 
public  sentiment  against  him.  His  first 
lecture  was  attended  by  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees in  a  body.  It  was  ordered  to  be  printed 
by  the  board  and  with  the  notes  filled  an 
octavo  volume  of  236  pages.  He  revived 
and  for  a  number  of  years  edited  the  Em- 
porium of  Arts  and  Sciences,  a  bi-monthly 
magazine  which  had  a  subscription  price  of 
seven  dollars  per  year.  He  also  edited  an 
American  edition  of  Accum's  Chemistry  in 
two  volumes,  and  of  Thompson's  Chemis- 
try, both  of  which  were  enriched  by  copi- 
ous notes  of  his  own.  He  attracted  many 
students  to  the  college. 

In  June,  181 5,  President  Atwaler,  Dr. 
Cooper  and  Professor  Shaw  resigned,  be- 
cause of  what  they  considered  unjust  inter- 
ference on  the  part  of  the  Trustees. 

John  B.  Mason,  D.  D.,  of  New  York, 
was  elected  president  and  accepted.  He 
was  a  graduate  of  Columbia  College,  New 
York,  and  had  been  provost  of  that  insti- 
tution.    For  the  first  few  years  after  Dr. 


64 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Mason's  taking  office,  the  college  pros- 
pered, but  then,  owing  largely  to  his  de- 
clining health  and  the  jealousy  between  the 
Faculty  and  Trustees,  it  began  to  lose 
ground.  In  1824,  Dr.  Mason  resigned. 
Between  this  time  and  1832,  when  the  col- 
lege came  into  the  hands  of  the  Metho- 
dists, there  were  three  presidents  and  two 
complete  changes  in  the  faculty,  all  the  pro- 
fessors resigning  in  each  case. 

In  1832,  committees  of  the  Baltimore  and 
Philadelphia  conferences  of  the  Methodist 
Church  entered  upon  negotiations  by  which 
the  control  of  the  college  came  into  their 
hands.  Up  to  this  time  Dickinson  had  not 
been  strictly  a  denominational  school, 
though  it  was  largely  under  Presbyterian 
influence.  It  was  especially  stipulated  in 
the  charter  that  at  no  time  should  two- 
thirds  of  the  Trustees  be  of  any  one  de- 
nomination. The  State  had  made  appro- 
priations from  time  to  time  amounting  to 
over  $40,000,  and  when  it  was  supposed 
that  the  college  was  being  controlled  by 
the  Presbyterians,  it  was  made  the  subject 
of  legislative  investigation.  So  Dickinson 
begins  her  history  as  a  church  college  in 
1833^  when  the  Methodists  secured  control. 

Dr.  John  Price  Durbin  was  elected  pres- 
ident and  had  a  most  successful  administra- 
tion. He  surrounded  himself  with  an  able 
faculty,  composed  of  distinguished  men. 
Among  them  may  be  mentioned  Caldwell, 
professor  of  Science;  Rev.  Robert  Emory, 
professor  of  Ancient  Languages,  and  Rev. 
John  McClintock,  professor  of  Mathemat- 
ics. An  endowment  fund  was  raised  and 
the  number  of  students  began  to  increase. 
Strong  discipline  was  enforced,  the  charter 
having  been  changed,  placing  this  matter 
entirely  in  the  hands  of  the  Faculty.  The 
administration  of  Dr.  Durbin  was  the 
most  successful  the  college  had  yet  seen. 
The  number  of  students  was  larger  than 
at  any  previous  time  in  its  history,  and 


reached  in  1849  two  hundred  and  fifty-four. 
The  character  of  the  work  done  in  the  col- 
lege was  high,  and  many  of  the  graduates 
of  those  days  have  since  become  distin- 
guished. The  history  of  colleges  repeats 
itself,  as  well  as  the  history  of  nations,  and 
the  story  of  Dickinson  from  the  time  of 
Durbin  to  Reed  contains  the  usual  periods 
of  success,  financial  embarrassment  and  lack 
of  students  which  are  common  to  institu- 
tions of  learning.  Perhaps  the  most  dis- 
couraging period  was  that  of  the  Civil  War, 
but  all  other  colleges  experienced  the  same 
troubles,  as  did  Dickinson.  Since  the  war, 
Dickinson  has  been  constantly  growing  and 
improving.  A  scientific  building,  the  gift 
of  Jacob  Trone,  now  accomodates  the  scien- 
tific departments,  which  were  but  illy  pro- 
vided for  in  former  days.  Bosler  Hall,  the 
gift  of  the  widow  of  the  late  James  W. 
Bosler,  now  affords  room  for  the  libraries 
of  the  college  and  literary  societies,  and  has 
also  a  large  chapel.  Some  years  ago  ladies 
were  admitted  to  the  college,  and  within 
the  past  two  years  a  hall  has  been  secured 
for  them.  The  last  addition  in  the  way  of 
buildings  is  Denny  Hall,  given  up  entirely 
to  recitation  purposes  and  the  accommoda- 
tion of  the  literary  societies.  The  material 
equipment  of  the  college  is  thus  complete. 
Within  a  few  years,  several  of  the  chairs 
have  been  endowed,  so  the  college  seems 
to  be  at  the  beginning  of  a  prosperous 
period. 

The  Law  School  has  had  a  long  and  hon- 
ored life. 

The  Collegiate  Preparatory  school  of  the 
college  is  coeval  in  history  with  the  college 
itself  and  has  been  a  very  important  factor 
in  the  life  of  the  institution.  More  than 
100  students  have  been  in  attendance  dur- 
ing the  final  year,  1896-7,  and  there  will  be 
a  necessity  of  enlargement  of  its  accommo- 
dations in  the  immediate  future.  The 
school  does  only  college  preparatory  work 


NllSTETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


65 


and  in  its  line  has  few  superiors. 

In  the  earlier  part  of  the  century  a 
law  department  was  established  in  con- 
nection with  the  college,  which  for  many 
years  was  under  the  efficient  supervis- 
ion of  Judge  Reed,  in  his  day  one  of 
the  most  noted  jurists  of  Pennsylvania, 
who  in  turn  was  followed  by  Judge  Gra- 
ham, of  the  Cumberland  county  bar. 
Under  the  administration  of  these  efficient 
gentlemen  were  trained  many  young  men 
afterward  famous  as  lawyers,  jurists  and 
statesmen,  notably  Hon.  A.  G.  Curtin,  the 
famous  war  governor  of  Pennsylvania;  the 
Hon.  Nathaniel  B.  Smithers,  of  Delaware; 
Justice  Gibson,  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Pennsylvania;  Chief  Justice  Chas.  B.  Lore, 
of  Delaware,  and  many  other  of  similar  dis- 
tinction. Just  prior  to  the  war  the  school 
was  discontinued  after  a  long  and  most 
successful  career. 

In  1890  under  the  administration  of 
President  Reed,  who  associated  with  him- 
self William  Trickett,  LL.  D.,  and  Hon. 
Wilbur  F.  Sadler,  President  Judge  of  the 
district,  the  school  was  re-established,  no 
longer,  however,  as  a  department  of  the 
college  proper,  but  as  an  associate  institu- 
tion, being  known  as  the  Dickinson  School 
of  Law,  of  which  the  president  of  Dickin- 
son college  is  ex-officio  president.  Wm. 
L.  Trickett  is  dean  and  the  following  gen- 
tlemen instructors:  Hon.  Wilbur  F.  Sadler, 
A.  M.,  professor  of  Criminal  Law;  Hon.  J. 
M.  Weakley,  professor  of  the  Law  of  Plead- 
ing; H.  Silas  Stuart,  A.  M.,  professor  of  the 
Law  of  Partnership;  George  Edward  Mills, 
Esq.,  A.  B.,  LL.  B.,  professor  of  Law  of 
Torts;  M.  W.  Jacobs,  Esq.,  A.  M.,  profes- 
sor of  Equity;  Albert  H.  Bolles,  Ph.  D., 
professor  of  Law  of  Contracts. 

Among  the  fifty  incorporators  are  a  ma- 
jority of  the  president  judges  of  the  State 
and  men  eminent  in  professional  life  in  ad- 
jacent   States.     Since    its    re-organization 


the  school  has  been  attended  with  almost 
unprecedented  prosperity.  Beginning  with 
II  students,  in  the  year  1897,  93  were  en- 
rolled and  a  class  of  30  men  graduated.  It 
has  for  its  accommodation  a  commodious 
building  with  a  fine  library,  the  latter  being 
one  of  the  best  in  the  State. 

During  the  past  four  years  great  efforts 
have  been  made  to  reform  the  department 
of  the  college  curriculum  and  to  bring  the 
institution,  with  respect  to  requirements  for 
admission  and  extent  of  courses  of  study 
fully  abreast  of  the  leading  colleges  of  the 
country. 

During  the  administration  of  President 
Reed  the  number  of  students  in  attendance 
at  the  institution  has  increased  from  160  in 
1889  to  410  in  1897,  with  every  prospect 
that  the  remarkable  growth  of  the  past 
eight  years  will  be  surpassed  by  that  of  the 
future. 

As  indicative  of  the  value  of  the  work 
accomplished  by  the  so-called  "small  col- 
leges"— small  only  as  compared  with  the 
numbers  of  a  few  great  institutions,  the 
records  of  the  Alumni  of  Dickinson  Col- 
lege since  its  establishment  in  1783,  is 
highly  suggestive  and  would  seem  to  show 
conclusively  that  the  day  of  the  small  col- 
lege has  by  no  means  passed  away  in  the 
United  States. 

STATISTICS. 

Alumni  of  Dickinson  College. 

Whole  number,  about  3.700 
Entered    professional    life,    so   far    as 

known,  i,559 

Entered  the  ministry,  560 

Entered  the  legal  profession,  530 

College  presidents,  30 

Presidents  of  professional  schools,  30 

Professors  of  colleges,  80 

Principals  of  seminaries,  83 

Army  officers,  70 

Members  of  the  State  legislatures,  61 

State  Senators,  8 


66 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Journalists,  5° 

Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States,  i 

Associate  Justice  of  the  United  States,  i 
Chief  Justices  of  States,  12 

Judges  of  lower  courts,  43 

Cabinet  officers,  7 

Governors  of  States,  2 

Bishops  of  M.  E.  Church,  2 

Bishops  of  P.  E.  Church,  2 

Bishops  of  Reformed  Episcopal  Church,  i 
President  of  the  United  States,  i 

Competent  judges  have  declared  that  the 
record  of  the  Dickinson  Alumni,  considered 
relatively  to  the  number  of  men  graduated 
from  her  halls,  cannot  be  surpassed  by  that 
of  any  other  college  in  the  land. 

Crowned  with  the  laurels  of  one  hun- 
dred and  fourteen  years  of  successful  his- 
tory, full  of  hopefulness  and  progressive 
spirit  and  with  an  accomplished  corps  of 
instructors,  there  is  every  reason  to  pre- 
dict that  the  college  will  enjoy  a  career  of 
unprecedented  prosperity  in  the  future 
years  that  are  opening  up  before  it. 

Pennsylvania  College.  This  institu- 
tion of  higher  education  was  chartered 
April  7th,  1832.  The  class  work  began  in 
September  of  the  same  year.  The  first  class 
graduated  in  1834. 

The  origin  of  the  college  was  the  neces- 
sity of  college  training  for  ministers  of  the 
Lutheran  Church.  The  beginnings  of  the 
college  were  very  moderate,  the  small  plain 
building  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Wash- 
ington and  High  street;  no  endowment 
and  few  teachers,  but  a  large  faith  in  the 
support  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  This 
faith  has  been  justified  and  the  college  has 
been  true  to  the  church.  No  other  instru- 
ment has  been  so  potent  for  the  advance- 
ment of  the  English  Lutheran  Church  in 
the  United  States. 

The  establishing  of  the  college  was 
specially  the  work  of  S.  S.  Schmucker,  D. 


D.,  the  professor  of  Theology  in  the,  at  that 
time,  recently  established  Theological  Semi- 
nary at  Gettysburg.  Dr.  Schmucker  and 
his  co-laborers  had  been  interested  for  some 
years  in  the  Gettysburg  Gymnasium,  out  of 
which  they  developed  the  college. 

The  location  of  the  college  was  deter- 
mined by  the  presence  at  Gettysburg  of 
the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  General 
Synod  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  and  by  the 
accessibility  of  the  town  by  the  modes  of 
conveyance  then  in  vogue,  the  stage  coach 
of  the  early  third  of  the  century.  Some 
years  after  the  general  construction  of  rail- 
roads, Gettysburg  was  out  of  the  ordi- 
nary lines  of  travel,  but  in  recent  years  it 
is  again  easy  of  access  from  all  directions. 

The  control  of  the  college  is  in  the  hands 
of  thirty-six  trustees,  who  elect  their  own 
successors,  except  that  the  Alumni  associa- 
tion selects  six  of  the  members.  The  trus- 
tees have  been  most  faithful  to  their  trust 
and  have  carefully  done  all  that  has  been 
possible  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  in- 
stitution. The  college  campus  has  gradu- 
ally grown  from  six  acres,  in  1835,  to  forty- 
three  acres.  The  larger  portion  of  the 
grounds  are  in  fair  condition,  the  other  por- 
tion being  held  for  future  improvement. 
The  buildings  consist  of  the  Dormitory 
Building  erected  in  1835-8.  This  was  orig- 
inally used  for  all  purposes  and  has  gradu- 
ally been  restricted  to  its  present  use.  The 
Gymnasium,  originally  the  Linnaean  Hall, 
erected  in  1847,  for  museum  purposes  and 
class  rooms  for  the  preparatory  depart- 
ment, was  in  1890  considerably  enlarged 
and  fully  equipped  for  its  present  uses.  The 
Recitation  Hall,  erected  in  1888-9, is  a  mon- 
ument of  the  devoted  good  will  of  the  friends 
of  the  college.  This  building  is  used  for 
lecture  rooms,  class  rooms,  library  and  mu- 
seum purposes,  besides  containing  the 
handsome  halls  of  the  literary  societies. 

Brua  Chapel,  erected  in  1889-90,  is  the 


NifTETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


67 


gift  of  the  late  Col.  John  P.  Brua,  Col.  U. 
S.  A.,  as  a  memorial  to  his  parents. 

The  chemical  laboratory  is  a  well  equip- 
ped building  for  the  uses  of  that  depart- 
ment, and  was  arranged  for  its  present  uses 
in  1890. 

The  astronomical  observatory  was  erected 
in  1874,  and  is  equipped  for  instruction  and 
investigation.  Besides  these  buildings 
there  are  the  President's  house,  two  pro- 
fessor's houses,  the  boiler  house,  furnishing 
steam  heat  to  the  various  buildings,  and 
three  Greek  letter  society  houses.  At  this 
writing  arrangements  are  being  made  for 
the  building  of  additional  dormitory  ac- 
commodations. The  various  buildings 
aggregate  a  value  of  about  $250,000. 

The  curriculum  of  the  institution  has 
been  the  great  care  of  those  entrusted  with 
the  management  of  the  aiifairs  of  the  col- 
lege. The  ends  aimed  at  have  been  men- 
tal training  and  the  acquisition  of  valuable 
knowledge,  with  the  great  purpose  of  train- 
ing students  for  manly  labor  in  God's  work 
in  the  various  activities  of  life.  With  these 
purposes  in  view  the  courses  of  study  have 
been  frequently  advanced  that  the  institu- 
tion might  manfully  co-operate  with  other 
colleges  in  the  field  of  higher  education. 
The  two  principal  changes  in  the  curricu- 
lum have  been:  the  establishing  in  1888  of 
a  course  of  study  leading  to  the  B.  S.  de- 
gree and  the  introduction  in  1891  of  a  lim- 
ited number  of  elective  studies. 

The  college  possesses  a  large  mineralog- 
ical  collection  an  extensive  herbarium,  a 
fair  lithological  collection  and  smaller  col- 
lections illustrating  other  departments  of 
instruction.  The  libraries  number  in  the 
aggregate  nearly  twenty-four  thousand  vol- 
umes. 

The  Literary  societies  of  the  college  have 
had  a  history  of  great  usefulness,  beginning 
with    the    ception    of    the    college       The 


Young  Men's  Christian  Association  has 
been  for  a  number  of  years  an  important 
factor  in  the  religious  work  of  the  college. 
Young  men  have,  and  must  largely  have, 
a  very  great  influence  in  moulding  the 
character  of  their  associates.  Conscious  of 
this  fact  many  students  during  their  college 
life  begin  to  be,  what  they  should  be,  influ- 
ential for  good  among  their  fellows.  Believ- 
ing that  the  body  must  be  wisely  cared  for, 
athletics  have  been  fostered  by  the  authori- 
ties of  the  college.  The  purpose  has  been 
to  make  the  training  of  the  body  not  sub- 
sidiary to  but  correlative  with  mental  dis- 
cipline and  thus  better  fit  men  for  a  true  life 
of  usefulness. 

The  finances  of  the  college  have  been 
carefully  husbanded  by  the  Trustees;  at 
present  the  endowment  is  about  $210,- 
000.  Much  must  yet  be  done.  New  fa- 
cilities must  be  had  in  training  force,  appli- 
ances and  those  matters  which  can  be  ob- 
tained from  enlarged  endowment.  The 
confidence  which  is  placed  in  the  college  by 
the  graduates  and  by  the  church  to  which 
the  college  belongs  has  been  a  source  of 
direct  and  of  moral  strength  which  has  in  a 
large  measure  been  the  reason  for  the  suc- 
cess attained. 

The  graduates  of  the  college  now  num- 
ber 1,043,  of  whom  806  are  living.  Among 
these  are  numbered  many  who  have  been 
potential  for  good  in  their  own  day  and  for 
many  other  days  in  their  work  in  directing 
(he  thoughts  and  labors  of  the  many  who 
have  been  under  their  influence. 

Among  the  principal  benefactors  of  the 
college  have  been:  Mr.  J.  E.  Graeff,  who 
beside  establishing  the  chair  of  English  Lit- 
erature has  given  largely  in  many  other  di- 
rections; the  Ockershausen  Brothers  who 
gave  the  fund  on  which  in  parts  depends 
the  Ockershausen  Professorship;  the 
GrafT  family,  who  have  established  the 
chair  of  Physical  Culture  and  Hygiene  in 


68 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


memory  of  the  son  and  brother,  Charles  H. 
Graff,  M.  D.;  Mr.  James  Strong  who  has 
founded  in  honor  of  his  wife  the  Amanda 
Rupert  Strong  Professorship  of  Enghsh 
Bible  and  the  Chaplaincy;  Mr.  Wm.  Bitten- 
ger  who  bequeathed  funds  to  maintain  the 
Professorship  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Sci- 
ence; and  the  Pearson  family  who  have 
given  the  funds  for  the  Latin  Professorship. 
Among  others  who  have  given  largely  we 
mention  several  from  the  territory  included 
in  this  volume:  the  late  C.  A.  Mor.ris  and 
Mr.  P.  H.  Glatfelter,  of  Spring  Forge,  both 
of  whom  have  given  largely  in  money 
time  and  thought  to  the  affairs  of  the  col- 
lege. 

There  may  be  distinguished  three  periods 
in  the  history  of  Pennsylvania  College:  the 
establishing  and  foundation  of  the  college 
under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Schmucker,  act- 
ing President  for  two  years  and  the  Presi- 
dency of  Charles  P.  Krauth,  D.  D. ;  the 
development  of  the  institution  under  the 
Presidency  of  H.  L.  Baugher,  D.  D.,  and 
M.Valentine,  D.  D.;  and  the  epoch  of  a  new 
departure  during  the  Presidency  of  H.  W. 
McKnight,  D.  D.  Each  of  these  periods 
has  been  marked  by  its  own  elements  of 
usefulness,  each  was  the  outgrowth  of  con- 
ditions existing  in  the  preceding  period  and 
each  was  necessary  to  the  succeeding  per- 
iod. The  college  has  been  served  by  men 
devoted  to  her  interests  and  using  the  op- 
portunities which  from  time  have  occurred 
to  further  the  growth  of  the  college  and  to 
enlarge  her  field  of  usefulness.  From  the 
beginning  there  has  been  aljied  with  the  col- 
lege, a  preparing  school;  this  department 
has  been  of  great  importance  to  the  advan- 
ced department.  In  earlier  years  nearly  all 
the  students  of  the  college  classes  were 
from  this  preparatory  school;  of  late  years 
a  large  portion  of  the  students  enter  Fresh- 
men from  various  High  Schools  and  Acad- 
amies.     This  preparatory  school  has  occu- 


pied since  1868  the  building  specially  erec- 
ted for  its  use  on  Carlisle  street,  while  un- 
der the  same  Board  of  Trustees  and  in  a 
general  way  under  control  of  the  faculty  of 
the  college.  It  has  its  own  system  of  gov- 
ernment and  is  in  arrangement  of  work 
adapted  to  those  in  a  less  advanced  course 
of  work. 

The  Faculty  of  Pennsylvania  College  for 
the  year  1896-7  consists  of: 

Harvey  W.  McKnight,  D.  D.  LL.  D., 
president,  and  William  Bittinger  professor 
of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Science.  Adam 
Martin,  D.  D.,  professor  of  the  German 
Language  and  Literature,  and  instructor  in 
French.  John  A.  Himes,  A.  M.,  Graeff 
professor  of  English  Literature  and  Polit- 
ical Science,  and  Librarian.  Rev.  Philip 
M.  Bikle,  Ph.  D.,  dean,  and  Pearson  profes- 
sor of  the  Latin  Language  and  Literature. 
Edward  S.  Breidenbaugh,  Sc.  D.,  Ocker- 
shausen  professor  of  Chemistry  and  Min- 
eralogy, and  Curator  of  the  Museum. 
George  D.  Stahley,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  Dr. 
Charles  H.  Graff,  professor  of  Physical 
Culture  and  Hygiene,  and  secretary  of  the 
Faculty.  Henry  B.  Nixon,  Ph.  D., 
professor  of  Mathematics  and  Astronomy. 
Eli  Huber,  D.  D.,  Amanda  Rupert  Strong 
professor  of  English  Bible,  and  chaplain. 
Rev.  Oscar  G.  Klinger,  A.  M.,  Franklin 
professor  of  the  Greek  Language  and  Lit- 
erature. Hon.  John  Stewart,  A.  M.,  lec- 
turer on  Jurisprudence.  Rev.  Charles  H. 
Huber,  A.  M.,  principal  of  the  Preparatory 
Department,  and  professor  of  Latin  and 
English.  Clyde  B.  Stover,  A.  B.,  assistant 
in  Chemistry.  Abraham  B.  Bunn  Van  Or- 
mer.  Ph.  D.,  tutor  in  Greek  and  History. 
Luther  P.  Eisenhart,  A.  B.,  tutor  in  Math- 
ematics and  Natural  Science.  WilHam  E. 
Wheeler,  Physical  instructor.  Thomas  J. 
Reisch,  instructor  in  Penmanship.  George 
F.  Abel,  proctor.     Henry  C.  Picking,  A.  B., 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


69 


treasurer.     Miss  Sallie  P.  Krauth,  assistant 
librarian. 

The  enrollment  for  the  current  year  has 
been:  Graduate  students  14,  Seniors  26, 
Juniors  34,  Sophomores  39,  Freshmen  62 
and  Preparatorians  97.     A  total  of  272. 

Theological  Seminary  of  the  Gen- 
eral Synod  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 
This  institution  was  established  by  the 
General  Synod  in  1826.  Its  organization 
formed  an  epoch  in  the  life  and  develop- 
ment of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  this 
country.  Before  that  time  almost  the 
only  source  of  supply  of  ministers 
was  immigration  from  the  mother  coun- 
try and  the  private  training  of  can- 
didates by  individual  pastors.  The 
want  was  sorely  felt,  as  making  the  proper 
care  of  the  congregations  and  growth  of 
the  Church  impossible.  The  provision  for 
an  adequate  educated  ministry  was  one  of 
the  first  great  acts  of  the  wisdom  and 
energy  of  the  General  Synod.  The  decisive 
action  was  taken  at  its  meeting  in  Freder- 
ick, Md.,  in  1825,  when  it  resolved: 

"That  the  General  Synod  will  forthwith 
commence,  in  the  name  of  the  Triune  God, 
and  in  humble  reliance  on  His  aid,  the 
establishment  of  a  Theological  Seminary 
which  shall  be  exclusively  devoted  to  the 
glory  of  our  divine  Redeemer,  Jesus  Christ, 
who  is  God  over  all,  blessed  forever.  And 
that  in  the  Seminary  shall  be  taught,  in  the 
German  and  English  languages,  the  funda- 
mental doctrines  of  the  sacred  Scriptures, 
as  contained  in  the  Augsburg  Confession." 
The  General  Synod  itself  appointed  the 
first  professor,  Dr.  S.  S.  Schmucker,  and 
also  the  first  Board  of  Directors,  but  or- 
dained that  thereafter  the  district  Synods 
contributing  to  the  institution  should  elect 
the  Directors  and  the  Board  should  elect 
the  professors. 

The  establishment  of  the  Seminary  led 


to  the  founding  of  Pennsylvania  College 
in  1832,  and  the  general  development  of 
the  educational  work  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  in  the  United  States.  For  from 
the  start  thus  given  and  the  Church  enter- 
prise thus  awakened,  other  institutions 
have  come  into  existence  with  their  still 
widening  power.  The  Seminary  educated 
presidents  for  Wittenberg,  Roanoke,  North 
Carolina,  Newberry  and  Muhlenberg  Col- 
leges, and  a  large  number  of  their  profes- 
sors; and  professors  of  theology  in  Hart- 
wick,  Philadelphia,  Wittenberg  and  Selin's 
Grove  Theological  Seminaries.  Its  alumni 
have  carried  on  largely  the  work  of  female 
education  at  Hagerstown,  Lutherville, 
Staunton,  Marion,  Walhalla  and  elsewhere. 

The  roll  of  students  since  the  organiza- 
tion numbers  over  800.  For  over  half  a 
century  they  have  been  going  forth  into 
the  pulpits  and  various  church  work  all 
over  the  United  States,  carrying  larger 
new  life  and  prosperity  from  shore  to  shore 
of  our  land  and  to  the  missionary  service 
in  foreign  lands. 

Besides  Dr.  Schmucker,  the  following 
have  been  regular  professors  in  the  past, 
viz:  Rev.  Ernest  Hazelius,  D.  D.,  1830- 
1833;  Rev.  Henry  I.  Smith,  D.  D.,  1839- 
1843;  Rev.  Charles  A.  Hay,  1844-1848 
Rev.  Charles  P.  Krauth,  D.  D.,  1850-1867 
Rev.  Chas.  F.  Schaefifer,  D.  D.,  1855-1864 
Rev.  Jas.  A.  Brown,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  1864- 
1881 ;  Rev.  Milton  Valentine,  D.  D.,  1866- 
1868;  Rev.  Chas.  A.  Stork,  D.  D.,  1881- 
1883. 

The  fruits  of  the  grand  service  accom- 
plished by  this  institution  were,  until  re- 
cently, manifest  more  in  the  immense  de- 
velopment of  almost  every  other  interest  of 
the  Church  than  in  any  strengthening  and 
enlargement  of  the  institution  itself.  It  had 
to  do  its  work  with  comparatively  poor 
equipment  of  accommodations  and  small 
faculty.     Lately,  however,  the  Board  has 


70 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


entered  upon  the  work  of  developing  the 
institution  itself,  in  order  to  make  its 
equipment  and  strength  correspond  to  the 
present  strength  of  the  Church  and  the  en- 
larged demands  which  the  times  make 
upon  it.  A  new  building,  with  lec- 
ture halls,  chapel  and  library,  has  been 
erected.  The  old  edifice  has  been  repaired 
and  improved.  A  steam  plant  has  been 
built  for  heating  both  the  buildings.  The 
modern  conveniences  of  hot  and  cold 
water,  bath  rooms,  gymnasium,  etc.,  are 
supplied.  Professor's  houses  have  been 
added  and  the  old  ones  improved.  The 
additions  and  changes  have  cost  about 
$88,000.  A  legacy  of  $22,000  by  Mr.  Mat- 
thew Eichelberger,  of  Gettysburg,  has  re- 
cently been  received. 

Metzger  College  for  Young  Ladies. 
Among  the  many  institutions  of  learning 
which  have  contributed  in  a  marked  de- 
gree, to  make  the  Cumberland  Valley  fam- 
ous for  its  educational  facilities  and  advan- 
tages, conspicuous  recognition  must  be  ac- 
corded to  Metzger  College  for  young  ladies 
located  at  Carlisle. 

This  institution  owes  its  existence  to  the 
generosity  of  its  founder,  the  Hon.  George 
Metzger,  of  Carlisle,  Pa.,  who  devised  the 
ground  for  its  location,  the  buildings  and 
the  endowment,  besides  books,  furniture, 
apparatus  and  other  equipments. 

It  was  opened  in  the  fall  of  1881  and  in- 
corporated in  1882  as  Metzger  Institute. 
The  name  was  changed  in  1894  to  its  pres- 
ent corporate  name,  Metzger  College  and 
under  its  new  charter,  with  its  new  and  en- 
larged curriculum  and  added  facilities  it  is 
even  better  prepared  to  carry  out  the  pur- 
pose of  its  founder.  By  the  provisions  of 
his  will,  it  was  to  be  a  college  for  ladies 
where  "branches  useful  and  ornamental" 
should  be  taught.  Besides  the  usual  colle- 
giate studies,  therefore,  music  and  art  have 
always  had  a  prominent  place  in  the  work 


of  the  institution  and  special  advantages 
have  been  offered  in  these  departments. 
Courses  of  study  are  offered  in  piano,  voice 
and  art  at  the  completion  of  which  a  di- 
ploma is  granted. 

With  the  present  graduating  class,  fifty 
ladies  will  have  graduated  from  the  colle- 
giate department  and  one  from  the  music 
school. 

Miss  Harriet  L.  Dexter  was  the  president 
of  the  institution,  serving  from  1881  to 
1895,  when  she  resigned  on  account  of  ill 
health.  She  was  a  lady  of  rare  culture  and 
did  much  to  promote  the  cause  of  higher 
education  of  girls. 

In  1895,  the  presidency  of  the  institution 
was  tendered  to  Professor  Wallace  Peter 
Dick,  M.  A.,  then  Professor  of  Languages 
at  the  State  Normal  School,  West  Chester, 
Pa.,  and  was  accepted.  Prof.  Dick  is  a 
graduate  of  Brown  University,  Providence, 
R.  I.,  and  is  a  well  known  educator,  having 
devoted  his  entire  time  since  his  graduation, 
in  1879,  to  the  work  of  education, and  under 
him  Metzger  College  is  taking  high  rank 
as  its  advantages  are  becoming  better 
known. 

Carlisle,  the  site  of  the  college,  is  well 
known  all  over  the  United  States  as  an 
educational  centre  and  is  noted  for  its 
healthfulness,  historic  associations,  fine 
scenery  and  the  intellectual  and  social  re- 
finement of  its  inhabitants. 

The  Metzger  College  buildings  include 
the  main  building  and  the  Metzger  cottage. 
They  are  in  a  most  delightful  spot  in  the 
suburbs,  about  three  blocks  from  the  cen- 
tre of  the  town.  The  main  building  is  an 
imposing  structure  of  brick  with  brown 
stone  trimmings  in  the  centre  of  a  beauti- 
ful campus  covering  two  acres,  having  the 
Metzger  cottage  at  one  end,  and  the  grove, 
tennis  court  and  croquet  lawn  at  the  other. 
The  students'  rooms  are  large,  completely 
furnished,   lighted  by   gas   and  heated  by 


NiKETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


71 


steam.  Bathrooms  are  found  on  all  the 
floors.  These  are  supplied  with  hot  and 
cold  water  and  furnished  with  modern  con- 
veniences of  the  most  approved  type.  The 
other  rooms — the  reception  room,  dining- 
room,  chapel,  office,  recitation  rooms — are 
light,  commodious  and  well  adapted  to 
their  purpose. 

The  records  show  that  at  various  times 
Metzger  College  has  enrolled  students 
from  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Minnesota, 
Massachusetts,  Indiana,  Delaware,  Misso- 
uri, Arkansas,  Michigan,  Illinois,  New  Jer- 
sey, Wisconsin,  New  York,  West  Virginia, 
South  Dakota,  Wyoming,  Indian  Territory 
and  the  District  of  Columbia,  including 
such  cities  as  Washington,  Philadelphia, 
Indianapolis,  Hoboken,  Harrisburg,  Troy, 
Lancaster,  Newark,  Milwaukee,  Chicago, 
Brooklyn,  New  York  and  Pittsburg.  It  has 
always  enjoyed  a  large  day  patronage  from 
Carlisle  and  the  surrounding  towns. 

It  supports  a  literary  society,  a  Y.  W.  C. 
A.,  and  each  year  offers  to  the  public  a  su- 
perior lecture  course. 

The  College  Preparatory  Department 
prepares  for  entrance  to,  or  advanced 
standing  in,  Bryn  Mawr,  Vassar,  Wellesley, 
Smith  or  similar  colleges  and  the  Metzger 
Collegiate  Department  offers  three  courses, 
— the  Classical,  the  Modern  Language  and 
the  English—to  those  who  wish  to  graduate 
from  the  institution  and  receive  its  diploma. 

A  flourishing  juvenile  department,  ad- 
mitting, for  the  time  being,  boys  under 
twelve  years  as  well  as  girls,  is  under  the 
immediate  control  of  the  college. 

The  Metzger  College  Faculty  is  at  pres- 
ent constituted  as  follows:  Wallace  Peter 
Dick,  M.  A.,  President,  German,  Biblical 
Literature  and  Philosophy.  Miss  Sarah 
Kate  Ege,  Librarian,  Mathematics.  Miss 
Laura  Jackson,  B.  S.,  Natural  Sciences 
and  French.  Miss  NelHe  Higman,  A.  B., 
Higher    Mathematics    and    Higher    Eng- 


lish. Miss  Bertha  Eliza  Smith,  A.  M., 
Latin  and  Greek.  Miss  Martha  Elizabeth 
Barbour,  Elocution  and  Physical  Training. 
Fraulein  Marie  Heling,  Piano  and  Har- 
mony. Mrs.  William  Weidman  Landis, 
Vocal  Music.  Miss  Arria  Evelyn  Wheeler, 
Violin.  Prof.  Frank  S.  Morrow,  Banjo, 
Guitar  and  Mandolin.  Miss  Elizabeth  E. 
Forster,  Art.  Mr.  John  M.  Rhey,  LL.  B., 
Stenography  and  Typewriting.  Miss  Win- 
nefred    Sterrett   Woods,   Assistant   in    art. 

Miss  Louise  Ege  Woodburn,  Assistant 
in  Piano.  Miss  Elizabeth  Neill  Rose,  Juve- 
nile Department.  Miss  Anne  Harriet 
Gardner,  Kintergarten. 

York  Collegiate  Institute.  York  Col- 
legiate Institute,  was  founded  and  endowed 
by  Mr.  Samuel  Small  April  14th,  1873. 
While  visiting  in  New  England  he  became 
acquainted  with  the  design  and  methods  of 
Norwich  (Conn.)  Free  Academy.  He  had 
been  planning  to  found  an  institution  of 
learning  for  the  benefit  of  his  city,  and  this 
excellent  school  gave  definiteness  to  his 
ideas.  He  returned  home,  selected  the  site 
and  the  corner  stone  of  the  first  building 
was  laid  in  1871.  The  building  was  nearly 
completed  when  he  invited  a  number  of 
gentlemen  including  his  pastor  and  fellow 
elders  in  the  First  Presbyterian  church, 
with  his  nephews,  Mr.  Latimer  and  Samuel 
Small,  Jr.,  and  a  few  others  to  act  with  him 
as  a  Board  of  Trustees.  On  September 
15th,  1873,  the  school  was  opened  for  stud- 
ents with  the  Rev.  James  McDougall,  Ph. 
D.,  as  president,  and  on  November  3rd,  the 
new  building  was  dedicated.  On  July 
14th,  1885,  Mr.  Small,  who  had  acted  as 
President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and 
had  been  a  generous  patron  and  intelligent 
helper  of  the  Institute,  died.  His  widow, 
Mrs.  Isabel  Cassat  Small  added  to  the  en- 
dowment and  appliances  of  the  school  by 
gift  and  will.  The  Cassat  Library  is  named 
in    her    honor.     On    Dec.    7th,    1885,    the 


72 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


building  was  consumed  by  fire.  His  neph- 
ews, Messrs.  W.  Latimer,  George  and  Sam- 
uel Small  put  up  a  new  building,  larger, 
more  elaborate  and  better  in  every  way 
than  the  old  one.  It  stands  yet  a  monu- 
ment to  their  generosity  and  afifection  for 
their  imcle 

After  the  death  of  Mr.  Samuel  Small,  his 
nephew,  Samuel  Small,  Jr.,  was  elected 
President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and 
after  the  death  of  Dr.  McDougall  in  1892 
Rev.  E.  T.  Jefifers,  D.  D.,  was  elected  Presi- 
dent and  on  May  i,  '93,  entered  on  his  du- 
ties as  president  of  the  Faculty.  In  addi- 
tion to  these,  twenty-seven  different  teach- 
ers have  given  instruction  in  the  school 
since  its  beginning,  most  of  them  for  short 
terms  of  service.  Three,  Prof.  A.  B.  Gar- 
ner and  the  Misses  Allen  and  Bixby,  have 
been  on  the  faculty  for  twenty  years,  and 
Ghas.  H.  Ehrenfeld,  Ph.  D.,  for  ten  years. 

The  school  is  designed  to  give  a  fair  clas- 
sical, scientific  and  literary  education  to 
those  who  can  go  no  farther  in  their  educa- 
tion, and  to  fit  both  young  men  and  wo- 
men for  the  Freshman  class  in  the  most 
thorough  colleges  of  this  country.  Over 
two  hundred  have  been  graduated  and  over 
a  thousand  have  been  enrolled  as  students. 
Those  who  have  been  thus  fitted  for  ad- 
vanced studies  are  now  in  Johns  Hopkins, 
Bryn  Mawr,  Princeton,  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Wesleyan  (Conn).,  Yale,  Gettys- 
burg, Franklin  and  Marshall,  Lafayette  and 
Pennsylvania  State  College. 

Parochial  Schools.  The  early  schools 
were  largely  parochial,  the  Luther- 
ans, Reformed,  Catholics  and  Presbyterians 
generally  establishing  a  parochial  school  by 
the  side  of  each  of  their  churches.  The 
subscription  and  classical  schools  reduced 
them  in  number  and  the  free  schools  swept 
away  nearly  all  the  remaining  ones,  except 
the  Catholic.  Among  the  remaining  Cath- 
olic parochial  schools  are  those  at  McSher- 


rystown,  Mt.  Rock,  New  Oxford,  Irish- 
town,  Littlestown,  Bonneauville  and  Get- 
tysburg, in  Adams  county;  and  York  and 
some  other  points  in  York  and  Cumber- 
land counties.  St.  Joseph's  parochial 
school  at  McSherrystown  has  been  in  ex- 
istence since  1800. 

In  1894  we  find  the  following  county  sta- 
tistics of  the  schools  of  the  Nineteenth  dis- 
trict. Cumberland  county,  254  public 
schools  of  which  116  were  graded,  3  col- 
leges and  6  academies  and  seminaries,  with 
9,859  children  enrolled  in  the  public  schools 
costing  $140,252.42  for  that  year.  Adams 
county  had  132  schools  of  which  23  were 
graded  in  all  of  which  were  enrolled  7,170 
pupils  who  cost  $72,676.11,  with  I  college 
and  9  academies  and  seminaries.  York 
county  enrolled  23,465  pupils  in  her  455 
public  schools  of  which  100  were  graded 
and  all  costing  $268,142.13,  while  she  had 
no  college  and  but  two  academic  schools. 

Carlisle  Indian  Industrial  School.  In- 
dian education  and  employment  at  Carlisle 
under  the  Pratt  system  is  a  possible  solu- 
tion of  the  great  Indian  problem.  Wash- 
ington's plan  of  Indian  treatment  was  as- 
sociation and  civihzation,  but  it  was  never 
fairly  tried,  being  supplanted  by  Jefferson's 
reservation  plan  which  has  been  carried  on 
ever  since  by  the  government  whose  policy 
has  alternated  between  "pauperizing  and 
extermination."  The  Carlisle  school  and 
the  Pratt  system  had  their  origin  in  con- 
victions that  grew  out  of  Capt.  R.  H. 
Pratt's  eight  year's  cavalry  service  against 
the  Indians  in  the  Indian  territory.  Cap- 
tain Pratt  had  formerly  commanded  a  com- 
pany of  colored  cavalry  in  the  loth  United 
States  and  in  the  historical  sketch 
of  the  Carlisle  school  which  he  fur- 
nished by  government  request,  in  1890, 
he  says:  "I  often  commanded  Indian 
scouts,  took  charge  of  Indian  prisoners  and 
performed  other  Indian  duty  which  led  me 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


73 


to  consider  the  relative  conditions  of  the 
two  races.  The  negro,  I  argued,  is  from 
as  low  a  state  of  savagery  as  the  Indian,  and 
in  200  years'  association  with  Anglo-Sax- 
ons he  has  lost  his  language  and  gained 
theirs;  has  laid  aside  the  characteristics  of 
his  former  savage  life,  and,  to  a  great  ex- 
tent, adopted  those  of  the  most  advanced 
and  highest  civilized  nation  in  the  world, 
and  has  thus  become  fitted  and  accepted  as 
a  fellow  citizen  among  them.  This  miracle 
of  change  came  from  association  with  the 
higher  civilization.  Then,  I  argued,  it  is 
not  fair  to  denounce  the  Indian  as  an  in- 
corrigible savage  until  he  has  had  at  least 
equal  privilege  of  association.  If  millions 
of  black  savages  can  become  so  trans- 
formed and  assimilated,  and  if,  annually, 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  foreign  emigrants 
from  all  lands  can  also  become  Anglicised, 
Americanized,  assimilated  and  absorbed 
through  association,  there  is  but  one  plain 
duty  resting  upon  us  with  regard  to  the  In- 
dians, and  that  is  to  relieve  them  of  their 
savagery  and  other  alien  qualities  by  the 
same  methods  used  to  relieve  the  others. 
Assist  them,  too,  to  die  as  helpless  tribes, 
and  to  rise  up  among  us  as  strong  and  cap- 
able individual  men  and  American  citi- 
zens." 

Capt.  Pratt  had  also  some  experience 
with  Indian  prisoners  in  Florida  and  in  sup- 
ervising the  education  of  negroes  and  In- 
dians at  Hampton,  Virginia.  Disapproving 
of  educating  two  races  together  he  sug- 
gested to  the  government  authorities  his 
idea  of  an  Indian  school  at  Carlisle  bar- 
racks which  were  appropriated  for  the 
school  in  1879  and  Captain  Pratt  placed  in 
charge.  Each  boy  and  girl  was  required  to 
study  one-half  and  work  one-half  of  each 
day  and  the  results  of  17  years  of  such  a 
course  of  study  and  labor  under  Capt.  Pratt 
has  made  the  school  a  success  and  drawn 
visitors  even  from  the  old  world  to  study  the 


Indian  problem  under  the  workings  of  the 
Pratt  system.  Super  says  "the  establish- 
ment of  the  Indian  industrial  school  at  Car- 
lisle marks  an  epoch  in  the  history  of  our 
treatment  of  the  red  man."  Three  hun- 
dred and  twenty-two  of  these  Indian 
boys  and  girls  attended  the  Columbian 
quadri-centennial  at  New  York  in  1892,  and 
305  of  them  were  in  the  opening  ceremonies 
of  the  World's  Columbian  fair  at  Chicago, 
being  led  at  each  city  by  their  band  of  30 
pieces  and  marching  so  splendidly  as  to 
win  encomiums  from  nearly  all  the  leading 
newspapers  of  the  United  States.  450  of 
them  earned  enough  ($7,000)  by  their  sum- 
mer outing  to  spend  a  week  at  the  World's 
Fair  where  they  were  closely  studied  and 
highly  praised  by  thousands  of  visitors.  In 
concluding  this  account  of  the  Carlisle  In- 
dian school  which  has  trained  over  2,500  In- 
dian boys  and  girls  from  over  60  different 
tribes  we  quote  from  Capt.  Pratt's  seven- 
teenth annual  report:  "Our  population  dur- 
ing the  year  (1896)  came  from  61  different 
tribes ;  that  the  whole  number  of  pupils  un- 
der care  for  some  portion  of  the  year  was 
898,  and  that  the  average  attendance  was 
722.93.  This  made  our  per  capita  cost  to 
the  Government  a  trifle  more  than  $141.00 
which  includes  the  cost  of  transporting 
children  to  and  from  their  homes,  new 
buildings,  repairs  and  improvements  of  all 
kinds.  In  any  just  comparison  with  the 
expenses  of  other  schools  these  facts  should 
be  taken  into  account.  This  economy  re- 
sulted largely  from  the  use  of  our  outing 
system.  155  of  our  students  attended  pub- 
lic schools  during  the  winter  and  had  the 
continuous  benefits  of  family  life.  During 
the  vacation  months  of  July  and  August 
we  had  506  out  at  work  at  one  time  with 
farmers  and  others.  The  total  earnings 
from  this  outing  amounted  to  $19,238.62  of 
which  the  girls  earned  $6,480.60  and  the 
boys  $12,758.02.     Of  these  sums  the  boys 


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Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


saved  $5,561.19  and  the  girls  $3,037.29,  a 
total  of  $8,598.48.  The  expenditures  were 
mostly  for  clothing.  Their  total  savings 
from  past  years  and  for  the  year  of  this  re- 
port, on  hand  at  the  end  of  June  were  $15,- 
294.96,  the  larger  part  of  which  the  stud- 
ents have  on  interest  at  6  per  cent,  in  safely 
secured  bonds. 

I  trust  that  these  facts  may  have  some 
slight  influence  in  favor  of  enlarged  oppor- 
tunities for  Indians  along  these  lines  and 
to  encourage  the  liberating  of  them  from 


tribal  and  reservation  idleness  and  the  mak- 
ing use  of  them  as  factors  in  our  civilized 
industrial  life." 

The  educational  outlook  of  the  Nine- 
teenth Congressional  district  is  bright  and 
full  of  promise.  The  present  is  doing  well 
its  work,  and  it  remains  for  those  who  come 
after  us  "so  to  nourish  and  foster  every  ed- 
ucational plant  that  in  a  future,  so  bright 
with  promise,  there  shall  ever  be  the  bloom 
and  beauty  of  cultured  minds  and  noble 
bliss." 


CHAPTER  VI. 


The  Judiciary  and  the  Bar. 


York  County.  Liberty  and  law,  in  a  re- 
public, are  co-extensive  and  co-existent. 
They  are  reciprocal  standards  of  measure- 
ment, and  in  their  productivity  for  good 
there  is  a  mutual  dependence. 

The  earliest  settlers  in  the  Province  of 
Pennsylvania  were  taught  true  notions  of 
liberty  and  law  by  Penn.  As  to  liberty,  by 
the  language  of  the  proprietaries:  "We 
lay  a  foundation  for  after  ages  to  under- 
stand their  liberty  as  Christians  and  as 
men,"  liberty  of  mind,  as  evidenced  by  the 
first  law  passed  by  the  General  Assembly 
of  the  Province,  "The  Law  Concerning 
Liberty  of  Conscience;"  and  as  to  political 
freedom,  by  at  least  the  implied  promises  of 
immunity  from  the  wrongs  they  then  en- 
dured to  those  fleeing  from  the  Palatinate 
upon  the  Rhine. 

As  to  law,  Penn's  innate  sense  of  justice 
was  a  forceful,  moulding  influence  in  the 
colony  days.  "His  religious  principles  did 
not  permit  him  to  wrest  the  soil  of  Penn- 
sylvania by  force  from  the  people  to  whom 
God  and  nature  gave  it,  nor  to  establish  his 
title  in  blood— he  was  influenced  by  a  purer 
morality  and  sounder  policy  than  that  pre- 
vailing principle  which  actuated  the  more 
sordid;  and  under  the  shade  of  the  lofty 
trees  of  the  forest,  his  right  was  fixed  by 
treaties  with  the  Indians  and  sanctified  as  it 
were,  by  smoking  from  the  calumet  of 
peace."     (2  Smith's  Law  of  Pa.,  page  105.) 

By  virtue  of  character,  as  well  as  in  con- 
formity with  a  principle  obtaining  in  Eu- 
rope at  the  time,  Penn  had  an  undoubted 


title  to  the  soil  granted  him  by  Charles  II 
of  England,  under  date  of  March  4,  1681. 
Nevertheless,  in  consonance  with  his  typi- 
fying virtues  he  instructed  the  deputy-Gov- 
ernor to  hold  treaties  with  the  Indians  and 
to  procure  the  lands  peaceably.  Before  his 
return  to  England  in  1684  he  adopted  mea- 
sures "to  purchase  the  lands  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna from  the  Five  Nations  who  pre- 
tended a  right  to  them,"  conveyance  being 
made  January  13,  1696.  (2  Smith's  Laws 
of  Pa.,  page  iii). 

The  Indians  of  the  Five  Nations,  despite 
the  various  sales  and  transfers  continued  to 
claim  a  right  to  the  river  and  the  adjoining 
lands,  and  it  was  not  until  October  11,  1736, 
that  a  deed,  with  twenty-five  Indian  chiefs 
as  signatories,  was  delivered  whereby  the 
lands  of  this  part  of  the  Province  were  fin- 
ally relinquished  to  the  proprietaries. 

The  fairness  was  not  an  out-cropping  of 
individuality  alone  but  "so  determined  was 
the  Government  that  none  should  intrude 
to  the  annoyance  of  the  Indians  that  the 
Commissioners  of  Property  on  complaint 
to  them  of  any  intruders  by  the  Indians 
caused  them  to  be  arrested  and  imprisoned. 
(Rupp's  History  of  York  county,  page 
529). 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  Indian  treaty  of 
1736  the  limit  of  Lancaster  county  was  ex- 
tended indefinitely  westward  and  included 
all  of  the  present  counties  of  York,  Cum- 
berland, Adams  and  Dauphin  and  a  large 
portion  of  Berks  and  Northumberland.  The 
Indians,   under   Penn's   policy,   were   con- 


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Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


tented  and  peaceful,  and  settlers  soon  oc- 
cupied the  lands  west  of  the  Susquehanna, 
and  it  was  not  long  before  petitions  were 
presented  to  the  Provincial  Council  asking 
for  the  erection  of  a  new  county  west  of  the 
Susquehanna.  These  early  petitions  set 
forth  the  need  of  the  formation  of  a  new 
county  from  the  distance  to  the  county 
town  where  the  courts  were  held,  that  the 
river  intervening  was  impassable  at  times 
for  days,  that  prosecutions  were  discour- 
aged because  of  the  expense  and  loss  of 
time,  that  the  tract  of  land  on  the  west 
side  of  the  Susquehanna  and  between  the 
South  Mountain  and  Maryland  was  well 
inhabited  and  of  sufficient  extent  for  a  coun- 
ty and  the  people  able  and  willing  to  bear 
the  charge,  and  "how  difficult  it  was  to  se- 
cure inhabitants  against  theft  and  abuses, 
frequently  committed  among  them  by  dis- 
solute and  idle  persons  who  resort  to  the 
remote  parts  of  the  province  and  by  reason 
of  the  great  distance  from  the  court  or 
prison  frequently  found  means  of  making 
their  escape." 

The  first  petition,  presented  in  1747,  was 
unheard.  In  1748  a  united  request  was 
made,  and  on  August  19,  1749,  the  act  was 
passed  with  the  official  sanction  of  Deput)'- 
Governor  Hamilton  "That  all  and  singular 
the  lands  lying  within  the  Province  of 
Pennsylvania  to  the  westward  of  the  river 
Susquehanna  and  southward  and  eastward 
of  the  South  Mountain  be  erected  into  a 
county,  named  York — bounded  Northward 
and  westward  by  a  line  to  be  run  from  the 
river  Susquehanna  along  the  ridge  of  the 
said  South  Mountain  until  it  shall  intersect 
the  Maryland  line,  southward  by  the  said 
Maryland  line,  and  eastward  by  the  said 
river  Susquehanna;"  the  northern  boun- 
dary line  not  being  definitely  established 
until  after  the  erection  of  Cumberland 
county. 

A  commission  was  named  by  the  same 


act,  composed  of  Thomas  Cox,  of  Warring- 
ton township;  Nathan  Hussey,  of  York; 
and  Michael  Tanner  who  lived  near  York, 
authorizing  them  or  any  three  of  them  to 
purchase  a  plot  of  ground  situate  in  a  con- 
venient place  in  the  county  to  be  approved 
by  the  Governor,  to  be  held  in  trust  for  the 
use  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  county,  and  to 
erect  thereon  a  court  house  and  prison  for 
the  service  of  the  county,  and  Centre 
Square  in  York  was  selected  as  the  site. 

The  sessions  of  the  courts  from  1749  to 
1756  were  probably  held  in  private  houses 
or  the  homes  of  the  court  justices.  In  April 
1754,  the  commissioners  entered  into  con- 
tract with  William  Willis,  a  Quaker  brick- 
layer, of  Manchester  township,  to  erect  the 
walls  of  the  building.  Henry  Clark,  also 
a  Quaker,  and  the  owner  of  a  saw  mill  near 
the  mouth  of  Beaver  Creek,  engaged  to  saw 
and  deliver  scantling  for  the  building,  John 
Meem  and  Jacob  Klein,  Germans,  were  em- 
ployed to  do  the  carpentry.  Robert  Jones, 
a  Quaker,  resident  in  Manchester  township, 
was  engaged  to  haul  seven  thousand  shin- 
gles from  Philadelphia.  Two  years  after 
commencing,  the  work  was  completed. 

The  act  erecting  the  county  and  provid- 
ing for  the  building  of  the  court  house  by 
the  appointive  commission,  enacted  also 
that  a  competent  number  of  court  justices 
be  nominated  by  the  Governor  which  said 
justices  or  any  three  of  them  were  author- 
ized to  hold  Courts  of  General  Quarter  Ses- 
sions of  the  Peace  and  Gaol  Delivery, 
County  Courts  of  Common  Pleas  and  Or- 
phans courts  with  the  same  powers,  rights, 
jurisdictions  and  authorities  as  the  justices 
in  the  other  counties  of  the  Province.  An 
appeal  lay  to  the  Supreme  Court  from  the 
decisions  of  the  justices.  A  Register's 
Court  for  the  work  of  settling  and  distrib- 
uting decedent's  estates  was  composed  of 
the  Register  of  Wills  and  two  justices.  The 
county  offices  of  Prothonotary,  Recorder  of 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


77 


Deeds,  Register  of  Wills,  Clerk  of  the  Or- 
phan's Court  and  Clerk  of  the  Court  of 
Quarter  Sessions  were  established  in  1749 
and  were  filled  by  appointment  by  the  Gov- 
ernor of  the  Province  before  and  under  the 
Constitution  of  1776  while  under  the  Con- 
stitution of  1790  appointments  were  made 
by  the  Supreme  Executive  Council  or  the 
Governor  of  the  Commonwealth.  The 
Constitution  of  1838  again  changed  the 
plan  to  an  election  by  the  people. 

The  court  house  stood  from  1756  to 
1840,  its  most  historic  period  being  com- 
prised within  the  nine  months  next  preced- 
ing June,  1778,  during  which  period  of  na- 
tional gloom  the  Continental  Congress  held 
sittings  within  its  walls  and  passed  the  Ar- 
ticles of  Confederation.  The  walls  around 
the  three  enclosed  sides  of  the  Court  house 
yard  as  it  is  today  are  built  of  the  bricks 
of  the  old  court  house  walls. 

The  site  of  the  present  court  house  was 
selected  by  the  County  Commissioners  af- 
ter a  prolonged  controversy,  and  the  build- 
ing completed  in  1840  although  the  cupola 
and  bell  were  not  added  until  1847.  In  its 
erection  Jacob  Dietz  was  master  carpenter 
and  Henry  Small  assistant,  and  Charles  Ep- 
pley  master  mason  with  George  Odenwall 
assistant.  The  bricks  and  wood  were  ob- 
tained from  the  county,  the  granite  mainly 
from  Baltimore  county,  Maryland,  from 
which  point  it  was  hauled  to  its  destination 
in  wagons  while  the  granite  pillars  dignify- 
ing the  magnificent  front  were  Brought 
from  Maryland  over  the  newly-constructed 
railroad.  The  cost  of  nearly  One  Hundred 
Thousand  Dollars  was  met  by  the  issuance 
of  county  notes  of  the  denomination  of 
Three  Dollars  and  of  county  bonds. 

During  the  second  year  after  the  estab- 
lishing of  county  courts  several  convicts 
were  sentenced  to  the  county  jail  but  in 
1768  at  the  July  session  of  court  the  County 
Commissioners  requested  that  "the  county 


prison  be  enlarged  as  it  was  too  small  for  a 
work-house  and  prison  and  the  walls  are 
not  safe,"  whereupon  they  were  ordered  by 
the  court  to  erect  a  new  building.  The  ar- 
chitect, designed  a  building  of  blue  lime- 
stone from  quarries  near  York,  which 
building  stood  on  the  northeast  corner  of 
King  and  George  streets  until  1855  when 
the  present  jail  was  erected  with  Edward 
Haviland  as  architect. 

The  first  Court  of  General  Quarter  Ses- 
sions of  the  Peace  in  York  county  after  its 
formation  from  Lancaster  county  was  held 
at  York  before  John  Day,  Esq.,  an  English 
Quaker,  and  his  associates,  commencing 
Oct.  31,  1749.  The  panel  of  grand  jurors 
returned  for  this  court  by  Hance  Hamil- 
ton, the  first  Sheriff  of  the  county,  and  this 
the  day  of  his  oath  of  office,  embraced  the 
following  seventeen:  Michael  McCleary, 
William  McClelland,  James  Agnew,  Hugh 
Bingham,  James  Hall,  William  Proctor, 
William  Beatty,  John  Pope,  Nathan  Dicks, 
Thomas  Hosack,  Thomas  Sillick,  Samuel 
Moore,  James  Smith,  Richard  Brown, 
Thomas  Niely,  Jeremiah  Louchbridge  and 
Richard  Proctor — only  the  last  named  with 
Nathan  Dicks  and  John  Pope  qualifying  by 
affirmation. 

The  first  court  made  appointment  of  con- 
stables for  the  townships  as  follows:  For 
Newberry,  Peter  Hughs;  Warrington,  Rob- 
ert Vale;  Manchester,  Christian  Lowe;  Hel- 
1am,  John  Bishop;  Chanceford,  George 
Farr;  Fawn,  James  Edger;  Dover,  Caleb 
Hendricks;  York,  George  Crepill;  Man- 
heim,  Valentine  Herr;  Monaghan,  William 
Langley;  Paradise,  John  Frankleberry ; 
Shrewsbury,  Hugh  Low;  and  Codorus, 
George  Ziegler. 

Although  taverns  had  been  opened  in  the 
county  under  the  authority  of  the  Lancas- 
ter county  courts  a  few  years  prior,  the  first 
recommendations  to  the  Governor  for  the 
keeping  of  public  houses  in  the  county  were 


78 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


made  at  this  session  of  court  and  Michael 
Swope,  George  Mendenhall,  John  Edwards, 
Michael  Bardt,  George  Hoake,  Jacob  Fak- 
ler,  Samuel  Hoake  and  William  Sinkler 
were  recommended  as  proper  persons. 

The  courts  had  their  full  complement  of 
officers  now — Hance  Hamilton  Sheriff; 
John  Day,  Thomas  Cox,  John  Wright,  Jr., 
George  Schwaabe,  Matthew  Diel,  Hance 
Hamilton,  Patrick  Watson  and  George 
Stevenson,  justices.  The  latter  was  a  fac- 
tor in  the  early  days  of  office-holding,  fill- 
ing the  positions  of  Prothonotary,  Clerk  of 
the  several  courts,and  Register  and  Recorder 
from  1749  until  Oct.  30,  1764,  when  he  ten- 
dered his  resignation.  At  this  court,  Wil- 
liam Peters,  John  Lawrence,  George  Ross, 
David  Stout,  and  John  Renshaw  are  named 
as  the  practicing  lawyers. 

The  first  indictment  in  the  Quarter  Ses- 
sions charged  two  overseers  with  neglect- 
ing their  duties  to  the  highways.  The  de- 
fendants were  discharged  upon  payment  of 
costs.  The  second  case  charged  James 
King  with  assault  but  the  case  was  settled. 
This  exhausted  the  list  of  the  first  court. 
The  next  day  Thomas  Cox,  John  Day  and 
Patrick  Watson  convened  the  first  Orphans 
Court,  and  the  court's  first  act  was  to  bind 
out  an  orphan  boy,  two  years  old,  named 
George  McSweeney  to  John  Witherow  of 
Hamilton's  Band,  till  he  comes  of  age. 
Witherow  covenanting  in  behalf  of  the  ap- 
prentice to  furnish  "sufficient  meat,  drink, 
apparel,  washing  and  lodging  during  the 
said  term,  and  to  teach  or  cause  him  to  be 
taught  to  read  and  write;  and  arithmetic 
as  far  as  the  rule  of  three  direct;  and  at  the 
expiration  of  the  said  term  to  give  him  two 
suits  of  apparel,  one  whereof  shall  be  new." 
The  first  suit  in  the  court  of  Common  Pleas 
was  brought  to  the  January  Term,  1750. 

The  cases  in  Quarter  Sessions  at  this  time 
are  readable  more  from  the  character  of 
the  punishment  inflicted  than  from  the  va- 


riety or  character  of  the  offenses.  At  the 
second  court  of  General  Quarter  Sessions 
John  Proby,  from  the  frequency  of  whose 
name  in  court  annals  one  infers  he  con- 
tributed materially  to  keep  the  court  open, 
plead  guilty  to  selling  liquor  by  small  mea- 
sure without  proper  license  and  was  .sen- 
tenced to  pay  a  fine  of  five  pounds  English 
currency,  which  the  Clerk  of  the  Courts 
was  ordered  to  receive  and  pay  to  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Province.  At  the  same  court 
one  convicted  of  the  larceny  of  "one  linen 
shirt  and  one  pair  of  stockings"  was  sen- 
tenced "to  immediately  receive  on  his  bare 
back  at  the  public  whipping  post  fifteen 
lashes  and  to  go  to  the  county  gaol  twelve 
days  for  the  cost  of  prosecution,  being  un- 
able to  pay  them."  Margaret  Wilmoth 
pleading  guilty  at  the  April  Sessions,  1750, 
to  the  larceny  of  a  silk  handkerchief,  was 
sentenced  to  immediately  receive  fifteen 
lashes  on  the  back,  and  at  the  same  court 
two  grand  jurors  who  refused  to  be  quali- 
fied according  to  the  court's  requirements 
were  fined  and  discharged  from  duty. 
Two  years  later  a  grand  juror  named  Chas. 
Grim  was  fined  twenty  shillings  "for  break- 
ing the  peace  and  casting  a  glass  of  wine 
in  another  juror's  face."  At  this  court  a 
defendant  convicted  of  an  assault  with  in- 
tent to  rape  was  sentenced  to  pay  a  fine  of 
five  pounds,  be  pubHcly  whipped  with 
twenty-one  lashes  on  the  bare  back  and 
then  placed  for  one  hour  in  the  pillory. 

The  sale  of  a  "redemptioner"  is  decreed 
in  1758,  where  the  keeper  of  the  jail  peti- 
tions the  court  that  Francis  Whistle,  a  pris- 
oner in  the  jail,  had  no  money  to  pay  the 
prison  fees  and  other  damages,  and  pray- 
ing that  he  might  be  adjudged  to  serve  a 
reasonable  time  in  satisfaction  of  the  costs 
of  support  and  maintenance  in  jail  where- 
upon the  court  decreed  his  sale  to  a  proper 
person  for  one  year,  the  purchaser  to  fur- 
nish   him    sufficient    meat,    drink,    apparel 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


79 


and  lodging  during  said  term.  The  coin 
was  protected  by  punishing  severely  the 
crime  of  counterfeiting.  In  October,  1768, 
James  Pitt,  convicted  of  this  offense,  re- 
ceived the  following  sentence:  "That  the 
defendant  stand  in  the  pillory  in  York  on 
the  29th  day  of  November  of  the  year  1768, 
between  the  hours  of  10  and  12  in  the  fore- 
noon, for  one  hour.  That  then  he  shall 
have  both  ears  cut  off,  and  that  they  be 
nailed  to  the  said  pillory.  That  the  said 
defendant  shall  then  be  whipped  at  the 
publick  whipping-post  in  York  with  thirty- 
nine  lashes  on  the  bare  back  well  laid  on, 
and  then  pay  a  fine  of  100  pounds  lawful 
money,  the  one-half  to  the  Governor  of  this 
province  for  support  of  the  government 
and  the  one-half  to  the  discoverer;  that  the 
defendant  pay  the  cost  of  the  prosecution, 
and  as  he  has  no  lands  or  tenement,  goods 
or  chatels  to  pay  said  fine  he  is  hereby  ad- 
judged to  be  sold  for  the  term  of  four  years 
to  make  satisfaction  for  the  said  fine  of  100 
pounds." 

The  General  Assembly  of  the  Province 
acting  on  the  assumption  that  the  keepers 
of  public  houses  were  charging  excessive 
rates  enacted  a  law  on  the  31st  day  of  May, 
1718,  by  which  the  justices  of  each  county 
could  establish  rates  and  prices  for  food, 
drink  and  provender.  The  York  county 
justices,  acting  under  this  power,  on  the 
28th  day  of  January,  1752,  fixed  the  maxi- 
mum for  York  county.  The  court  crier, 
for  some  years,  making  proclamation  of 
these  rates  in  open  Quarter  Session  court. 
Among  these  were  the  following:  "A  bowl 
of  punch  made  with  one  quart  water  with 
loaf  sugar  and  good  Jamaica  spirits,  i  shill- 
ing and  3  pence;  one  pint  of  good  Madeira 
wine  I  shilling  and  3  pence;  one  quart  of 
Nimbo,  made  with  West  India  rum  and 
loaf  sugar,  10  shillings;  a  quart  of  Nimbo 
made  with  New  England  rum  and  loaf 
sugar  9  pence;  a  gill  of  good  West  India 


rum  4  pence;  a  gill  of  good  New  England 
rum  3  pence;  a  gill  of  good  whiskey  2 
pence;  a  quart  of  good  beer  6  pence;  a 
man's  dinner  8  pence;  a  man's  supper  6 
pence;  a  horse  at  hay  24  hours  10  pence; 
a  horse  at  hay  one  night  8  pence;  half  a 
gallon  of  good  oats  3  pence." 

The  two  sources  of  greatest  annoyance 
to  which  the  settlers  of  York  county  were 
subjected  were  probably  the  "Border  Trou- 
bles" and  the  questions  arising  from  the 
title  to  land. 

The  "Border  Troubles"  early  caused  dis- 
turbance among  the  Indians.  Sir  William 
Keith,  Deputy  Governor  of  the  Province 
of  Pennsylvania,  by  treaty  made  June  15 
and  16,  1722,  with  the  Indians,  agreed  that 
the  lands  on  the  west  side  of  the  Susque- 
hanna round  and  north  of  Conestoga 
should  be  for  their  hunting  and  planting 
exclusively,  but  the  boundary  line  be- 
tween the  Province  of  Pennsylvania  and 
Maryland  being  unsettled  and  undefined 
the  territory  held  to  the  use  of  the  Indians 
was  being  encroached  upon  and  to  coun- 
teract these  encroachments  it  was  the 
policy  of  the  proprietary  agents  to  encour- 
age border  settlements.  This  uncertainty 
respecting  the  boundary  lines  soon  led  to 
disputes  between  William  Penn  and  Lord 
Baltimore,  the  former  contending  that 
Maryland  was  encroaching  upon  Pennsyl- 
vania soil  and  the  latter  claiming  the  terri- 
tory on  the  west  of  the  Susquehanna  to  the 
fortieth  parallel  of  latitude,  to  which  point 
he  was  authorizing  settlements  to  be  made. 
These  adverse  claims  to  the  same  soil  gave 
unlimited  inconvenience  to  the  settlers,  but 
as  early  as  February  17,  1724,  an  agree- 
ment was  made  between  Lord  Baltimore, 
proprietor  of  Maryland,  and  Hannah  Penn, 
widow  and  executrix  of  William  Penn,  late 
proprietor  of  Pennsylvania,  and  other  in- 
terested parties,  whereby  it  was  determined 
that  since  "both  parties  are  at  this  time 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


sincerel}'  inclined  to  enter  into  a  treaty  in 
order  to  take  such  methods  as  may  be  ad- 
visable for  the  final  determining  of  the  said 
controversy,  by  agreeing  upon  such  lines 
or  other  marks  of  distinction  to  be  settled 
as  may  remain  for  a  perpetual  boundary 
between  the  tvi^o  provinces;  it  is  therefore 
mutually  agreed  that,  avoiding  all  manner 
of  contentions  or  differences  between  the 
inhabitants  of  the  said  provinces,  no  per- 
son or  persons  shall  be  disturbed  or  mo- 
lested in  their  possessions  on  either  side, 
nor  any  lands  be  surveyed,  taken  up  or 
granted  in  either  of  the  said  provinces  near 
the  boundaries  which  have  been  claimed 
or  pretended  to  on  either  side;  this  agree- 
ment to  continue  for  the  space  of  eighteen 
months  from  the  date  hereof,  in  which  it  is 
hoped  the  boundaries  will  be  determined 
and  settled." 

A  contest  arising  as  to  the  proprietorship 
of  Pennsylvania  a  compromise  was  efifected 
by  the  Penn  family  and  the  Government  of 
the  province  fell  to  John  Thomas  and 
Richard  Penn,  surviving  sons  of  the  second 
wife,  and  in  1732  Thomas  Penn  arrived  in 
this  country  and  took  possession  of  the 
province  for  himself  and  brothers.  On  the 
loth  of  May,  1732,  a  new  agreement  was 
entered  into  by  Lord  Baltimore  and  John 
Thomas  and  Richard  Penn,  proprietaries 
providing,  "that  in  two  calendar  months 
from  that  date  each  party  shall  appoint 
commissioners.  ...  to  act  or  mark  out  the 
boundaries  aforesaid,  to  begin,  at  the  furth- 
est, sometime  in  October,  1732,  and  to  be 
completed  on  or  before  December  25, 
I733-"  Two  days  later  commissioners  were 
signed  by  the  proprietors  of  the  two  prov- 
inces fully  empowering  the  commissioners 
to  run,  mark  and  lay  out  the  botmdary 
lines  of  the  two  provinces.  The  commis- 
sioners appeared  at  the  time  and  place,  but 
the  boundaries  were  not  made  in  the  time 
limited  due  to  a  contention  on  the  part  of 


Lord  Baltimore  himself.  As  the  time  for 
establishing  the  boundary  had  passed  Lord 
Baltimore  petitioned  for  relief,  August  9, 
1734,  being  met  by  a  counter  petition  from 
the  Penns,  December  9,  1734.  On  the  i6th 
of  may,  1735,  further  consideration  was  ad- 
journed to  allow  the  counter  petitioners  to 
proceed  in  equity.  The  bill  was  presented 
to  the  court  of  chancery  in  Great  Britain, 
June  21,  1735,  praying  the  specific  per- 
formance of  the  articles  by  Lord  Baltimore 
and  for  a  decree  clearing  any  doubt,  but 
the  prayer  of  the  bill  was  not  granted  until 
May  15,  1750.  Lord  Hardwicke,  deliver- 
ing the  opinion  of  the  court  said:  "I  di- 
rected this  cause  to  stand  over  for  judg- 
ment not  so  much  from  any  doubt  of  what 
was  the  justice  of  the  case  as  by  reason  of 
the  nature  of  it.  The  great  consequence 
and  importance being  for  the  deter- 
mination of  the  right  and  boundaries  of 
two  great  provincial  governments  and 
three  counties,"  and  the  decree  was  entered 
"that  before  the  end  of  three  calendar 
months,  from  May  15th,  two  several  proper 
instruments  for  appointing  commissioners 
.  . .  .may  run  and  mark  the  boundaries,  to 
begin  sometime  in  November  next,  and  to 
be  completed  on  or  before  the  last  day  of 
May,  1752." 

About  the  time  of  filing  the  bill  in  equity 
a  revolt  of  the  German  settlers  took  place. 
It  happened  that  while  the  commissioners 
to  fix  the  boundary  between  the  province 
of  Pennsylvania  and  of  Maryland  were  ne- 
gotiating, one  Thomas  Cressap  prominent 
in  his  efforts  in  behalf  of  Maryland  to  keep 
possession  of  the  land  squatted  upon  "by 
fair  promises  of  grants  from  the  Maryland 
government,  exemption  from  taxes  and  by 
force  and  threatenings  to  turn  the  German 
settlers  out  of  their  settlements  and  ruin 
them,  prevailed  on  some  to  refuse  to  pay 
taxes  or  rates  to  Pennsylvania,  and  to  de- 
clare themselves  under  the  jurisdiction  and 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


protection  of  Maryland.  Upon  learning  of 
Cressap's  deception  a  number  memorial- 
ized Governor  Ogle,  of  Maryland,  that 
"they  had  been  seduced  and  made  use  of 
first  by  promises  and  then  by  threat  and 
punishment  to  answer  purposes  which  were 
unjustifiable  and  would  end  in  their  ruin, 
wherefore  they  with  many  of  their  neigh- 
bors did  resolve  to  return  to  their  duty  and 
live  under  the  laws  and  government  of 
Pennsylvania."  (Rupp's  History  of  York 
County,  page  554).  Cressap's  scheme 
failing  a  new  one  was  conceived — to  pick 
up  new  comers  who  as  yet  had  no  lands  of 
their  own  and  to  promise  them,  if  they 
would  lend  assistance  in  driving  out  the 
Germans  the  cleared  lands  and  the  build- 
ings of  the  latter  should  be  the  reward  for 
their  services.  This  policy  caused  out- 
breaks bet-ween  he  Germans  and  the  Irish, 
the  latter  forming  the  opposition  in  the 
main,  until  the  proprietors  to  prevent  such 
disturbances  gave  orders  that  no  lands 
should  be  sold  to  the  Irish  in  York  or  Lan- 
caster counties,  but  held  out  strong  induce- 
ments to  them  to  settle  in  Cumberland 
county,  which  oiifers,  being  liberal,  were 
freely  excepted.  (Rupp's  History  of  York 
County,  page  576). 

One  result  of  the  dispute  concerning  the 
boundary  line  between  the  two  provinces 
was  that  the  laws  of  neither  province  were 
enforced  against  delinquents.  Hanover  for 
some  years  prior  to  1776  was  known  as 
"Rogue's  Resort" — refugees  from  justice 
flocking  there.  "If  the  sherifif  of  York 
county  could  catch  the  delinquent  one-half 
mile  out  of  town  (Hanover)  in  a  northwest- 
ern direction  then  he  might  legally  make 
him  his  prisoner  under  the  authority  of  the 
courts  of  this  county;  but  in  town  not 
nearer  than  that  had  he  any  ministerial 
power."  It  is  recorded  that  robbers  hav- 
ing broken  into  the  store  of  Mr.  McAllister 
in  Hanover  he  seized  them  and  conveyed 


them  to  York  for  safe  keeping;  but  the 
sherifif  refused  to  receive  them,  remarking 
"You  of  Hanover  wish  to  be  independent, 
therefore  punish  your  villians  yourselves." 

While  the  troubles  continued  and  no  defi- 
nite boundary  settlement  was  in  sight,  the 
Maryland  authorities  rejecting  a  proposi- 
tion to  run  a  provisional  line,  mutual  ap- 
peals for  interposition  by  the  King  were 
made  by  the  litigant,  and  the  matter  was 
referred  to  the  Lords  of  Committee  of 
Council  on  Plantation  Affairs,  before  whom 
in  1738  the  proprietors  entered  into  an 
agreement  for  the  preservation  of  peace  and 
tranquillity  on  the  borders.  On  the  termi- 
nation of  the  proceedings  in  chancery  in 
1750  whereby  specific  performances  was 
decreed  against  Lord  Baltimore,  both  par- 
ties appointed  commissioners.  These  met 
November  13,  1750,  but  a  dispute  concern- 
ing the  mensuration  soon  stopped  the  pro- 
ceedings, and  the  matter  having  been  re- 
opened in  court  a  final  agreement  between 
the  proprietaries  was  not  executed  until 
July  4,  1760.  The  commissioners  ap- 
pointed under  this  final  agreement  assem- 
bled at  New  Castle  November  19,  1760,  and 
began  their  work.  They  continued  until 
1763,  when  Charles  Mason  and  Jeremiah 
Dixon  succeeded  the  former  surveyors, 
concluding  their  work  December  26,  1767. 
The  proceedings  to  determine  the  bound- 
ary line  were  ratified  by  the  King's  order 
in  council,  January  11,  1769,  and  a  procla- 
mation to  quiet  the  settlers  on  the  part  of 
Pennsylvania  is  dated  September  15,  1774. 
This  closed  a  controversy  which  for  vigor 
and  duration  was  the  most  tenacious  of  the 
early  trials  of  the  settlers. 

The  other  prolonged  source  of  annoy- 
ance and  controversy  to  the  countians  was 
the  question  of  title  to  land.  The  settling 
of  "Digges'  Choice,"  one  of  the  earliest  lo- 
cated tracts  of  land  north  of  the  Temporary 
Line  under  a  Maryland  warrant  and  sur- 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


vey,  probably  occasioning  the  first  ques- 
tion under  the  provisions  of  the  Royal  Or- 
der. John  Digges  obtained  a  grant  of  ten 
thousand  acres  of  land  on  the  14th  of  Oc- 
tober, 1727,  from  the  proprietor  of  Mary- 
land, with  the  right  of  election  of 
location,  on  the  proprietor's  unim- 
proved lands.  By  virtue  of  the  grant 
Digges  took  up  six  thousand  and 
eight  hundred  and  twenty-two  acres  con- 
tained in  the  present  limits  of  Heidelberg 
township,  York  county,  and  Conewago  and 
Germany  townships,  Adams  county.  A 
patent  was  issued  October  11,  1735.  The 
tract  fell  four  miles  north  of  the  Temporary 
Line.  On  July  15,  1745,  Digges  petitioned 
the  land  office  at  Annapolis  for  a  warrant 
to  correct  errors  in  the  original  survey  and 
to  add  any  vacant  contiguous  land,  in 
answer  to  which  petition  three  thousand 
six  hundred  and  seventy-nine  acres  were 
patented  to  him  October  18,  1745.  Two 
years  previous  he  had  applied  for  a  warrant 
to  the  Pennsylvania  land  office  and  it  ap- 
pears that  the  Germans  who  had  settled 
around  the  Conewago  creek  on  lands 
claimed  by  him  had  ascertained  that  his 
claim  was  greater  than  his  patent  and  that 
he  had  sold  land  beyond  that  granted  to 
him.  In  1745,  however,  the  resurvey  un- 
der the  Maryland  warrant  included  the  land 
omitted  in  the  original  survey,  as  well  as 
several  tracts  for  which  Pennsylvania  war- 
rants had  been  granted  and  some  patented, 
Mr.  Digges  justifying  the  resurvey  by  con- 
tending that  the  errors  of  the  surveyors 
did  not  prejudice  his  original  right  of  claim 
under  warrant.  The  question  came  up  for 
adjudication  before  Justices  Shippen  and 
Yeates  in  the  case  of  Thomas  Lilly  vs. 
George  Kitzmiller  (i  Yeates,  page  28).  The 
court  holding  that  all  the  land  would  have 
been  secured  to  Digges  under  the  Penn- 
sylvania system  of  making  proprietary  sur- 
veys, but  that  the  Maryland  surveys  "were 


merely  ideal,  precisely  fixed  on  paper 
alone,"  and  "that  any  circumstances  shown 
could  not  establish  a  title  to  lands  without 
the  limits  of  the  original  survey  as  re- 
turned." The  judges  took  pains  to  make 
clear  that  "persons  who  have  bought  lands 
from  Messrs.  Digges  even  within  the  re- 
survey may  have  acquired  titles  by  their 
possessions  and  improvements,"  although 
the  resurvey  was  thus  held  ineffectual  as 
against  the  Pennsylvania  settlers.  The  cli- 
max in  this  trouble  was  not  reached  until 
the  killing  of  Dudley  Digges  on  the  26th 
of  February,  1752,  by  Jacob  Kitzmiller. 
The  question  of  jurisdiction  was  raised  by 
the  Maryland  authorities,  the  defendant 
having  been  indicted  in  York  county,  the 
former  contending  that  the  scene  of  the 
murder  was  a  place  surveyed  under  a 
Maryland  warrant  prior  to  the  date  of  the 
Royal  Order  of  1738,  and  that  no  attone- 
ment  or  other  defense  of  any  person  sub- 
sequent to  the  date  of  said  Order  could 
prevent  or  take  away  the  right  of  the  pro- 
prietor of  Maryland.  Exemplified  copies 
of  the  warrant,  surveys  and  patents  granted 
to  John  Digges  proved  the  scene  of  the 
murder  to  be  in  a  tract  of  vacant  land  to 
the  north  of  the  Ternporary  Line,  granted 
to  Digges  in  express  violation  of  the  Royal 
Order  and  therefore  the  act  having  been 
committed  without  his  grant,  was  cogniz- 
able in  the  Pennsylvania  court. 

The  next  question  of  title  was  taken,  ul- 
timately, to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Uni- 
ted States,  and  arose  in  brief,  under  the 
following  facts:  The  grant  to  Penn  dated 
March  4,  1681,  provided  for  the  erection  of 
manors,  that  out  of  every  one  hundred 
thousand  acres  ten  thousand  acres  were 
reserved  for  the  proprietary,  vesting  in  him, 
his  heirs  and  alienees  the  power  to  grant 
the  lands  of  such  manors  to  any  person  in 
fee  simple.  Penn  empowered  the  com- 
missioners   of   property    to    erect    manors, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


83 


but  the  latter  declined  to  exercise  the 
power.  In  pursuance  of  the  original 
power  Penn  had  issued  a  warrant  dated 
September  i,  1700,  to  the  Surveyor  Gen- 
eral to  set  apart  for  him  five  hundred  acres 
of  every  township  of  five  thousand  acres. 
Successive  warrants  were  issued,  but  the 
tracts  surveyed  were  short  of  the  full  rights 
of  the  proprietary  and  there  was  therefore 
surveyed  for  his  use  June  19  and  20,  1722, 
the  manor  of  Springetsbury,  in  York 
county,  containing  about  seventy  thousand 
acres.  By  leave  of  the  proprietor  settlers 
seated  themselves  on  parts  of  this  manor, 
but  as  the  Indians  had  not  released  their 
claims  to  the  land  no  absolute  title  could 
be  given,  but  licenses  were  issued  promis- 
ing patents  when  the  purchases  should  be 
made  from  the  Indians.  The  latter  exe- 
cuted a  release  of  claims  on  the  nth  of  Oc- 
tober, 1736,  and  on  the  30th  of  the  same 
month  licenses  were  issued  by  Samuel 
Blumston,  under  the  authority  of  Thomas 
Penn,  for  about  twelve  thousand  acres  of 
land,  patents  to  issue  after  survey  was  made. 
The  survey  of  1722  was  never  returned  to 
the  land  office  and  Governor  Hamilton,  of 
Pennsylvania,  on  the  21st  of  May,  1762, 
issued  a  warrant  for  a  resurvey  of  the 
manor  "in  order  that  the  bounds  and  lines 
thereof  may  be  certainly  known  and  ascer- 
tained." The  survey  was  made  in  June, 
1768,  and  returned  to  the  land  office  July 
12,  1768. 

A  number  of  ejectments  were  brought 
for  lands  within  the  Manor  of  Springets- 
bury. The  general  question  in  these  pro- 
ceedings was  whether  the  land  was  in- 
cluded in  a  tract  called  and  known  by  the 
name  of  a  proprietary  manor  duly  surveyed 
and  returned  into  the  land  office  on  or  be- 
fore July  4,  1776?  One  of  these  cases  can 
be  taken  as  an  example.  In  Penn's  Lessee 
vs.  Klyne,  4  Dallas,  page  401,  the  title  of 
the  lessor  of  the  plaintifif  to  the  premises 


was  regularly  deduced  from  the  charter  of 
Charles  II  to  William  Penn,  provided  there 
was  a  manor  called  and  known  by  the  name 
of  Springetsbury,  duly  surveyed  and  re- 
turned according  to  the  terms  and  mean- 
ing of  the  Act  of  November,  1779.  The 
position  taken  by  plaintifif 's  counsel  was: 
"i.  That  the  land  mentioned  is  a  part  of  a 
tract  called  or  known  by  the  name  of  a  Pro- 
prietary Manor.  2.  That  it  was  a  proprie- 
tary manor  duly  surveyed.  3.  That  the 
survey  was  duly  made  and  returned  before 
the  4th  of  July,  1776."  The  defendant's 
counsel  contended:  "i.  That  William 
Kieth's  warrant  being  issued  in  1722  with- 
out authority,  all  proceedings  on  it  were 
absolutely  void,  and  that  neither  the  war- 
rant nor  survey  had  ever  been  returned 
into  the  land  office.  2.  That  Governor 
Hamilton's  warrant  was  issued  in  1762  to 
re-survey  a  manor  which  had  never  been 
legally  surveyed,  and  was  in  that  respect 
to  be  regarded  as  a  superstructure  without 
a  foundation.  3.  That  the  recitals  of  Gov- 
ernor Hamilton's  warrant  are  not  founded 
in  fact,  and  that  considering  the  survey,  in 
pursuance  of  it,  as  an  original  survey,  it 
was  void  as  against  campact,  law  and  jus- 
tice; that  the  proprietor  should  assume,  for 
a  manor,  land  settled  by  individuals."  The 
court  finally  adjudged  the  question  by 
holding  that  the  Penn  family  as  sole  pro- 
prietors of  the  soil  of  Pennsylvania,  prior 
to  1779,  had  a  legal  right  to  withdraw  from 
the  general  body  of  land  any  not  appro- 
priated to  other  persons  and  to  set  the  same 
apart  to  their  individual  use;  that  the 
claimant  of  proprietary  tenth  or  manor 
must  make  title  under  the  divesting  act  of 
1779,  and  show  that  it  was  known  by  the 
name  of  such  manor  and  duly  surveyed  and 
returned  into  the  land  office  before  July  4, 
1776;  that  a  warrant  to  survey,  if  the  con- 
sideration be  paid,  is  a  legal  title  against 
the  proprietary  and  a  survey,  under  a  war- 


H 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


rant  of  re-survey,  is  good  as  an  original 
survey,  though  it  recite  another  which  is 
invalid.  The  question  was  handled  with 
care  in  the  case  of  Kirk  and  others  vs. 
Smith,  ex-demise  of  Penn,  and  reported  in 
9  Wheaton,  page  241,  Henry  Clay  and 
Daniel  Webster  appearing  for  the  plain- 
tiffs in  error  and  Attorney-General  William 
Wirt  and  John  Sergeant  for  the  defendants 
in  error;  Chief  Justice  Marshall  delivering 
an  exhaustive  opinion  confirming  the  hold- 
ing of  the  Circuit  Court. 

In  1779  the  Legislature  passed  an  act 
vesting  the  estates  of  the  late  proprietaries 
of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  Commonwealth  of 
Pennsylvania,  since  "to  have  suffered  the 
Penn  family  to  retain  those  rights  which 
they  held  strictly  in  their  proprietary  char- 
acter would  have  been  inconsistent  with 
the  complete  political  independence  of  the 
State.  The  province  was  a  fief  held  imme- 
diately from  the  Crown  and  the  Revolu- 
tion would  have  operated  very  inefficiently 
toward  complete  emancipation,  if  the  feu- 
dal relation  had  been  suffered  to  remain. 
It  was  therefore  necessary  to  extinguish  all 
foreign  interest  in  the  soil,  as  well  as  for- 
eign jurisdiction  in  the  matter  of  govern- 
ment. We  are  then  to  regard  the  Revolu- 
tion and  these  Acts  of  Assembly  as  eman- 
cipating every  acre  of  soil  in  Pennsyl- 
sylvania  from  the  ground  characteristic  of 
the  feudal  system.  Even  as  to  the  lands 
held  by  the  proprietaries  themselves,  they 
held  them  as  other  citizens  held  under  the 
Commonwealth  and  that  by  a  title  purely 
allodial.  . .  .  The  State  became  the  proprie- 
tor of  all  lands,  but  instead  of  giving  them 
like  a  feudal  lord  to  an  enslaved  tenantry 
she  has  sold  them  for  the  best  price  she 
could  get,  and  conferred  on  the  purchaser 
the  same  absolute  estate  she  held  herself." 
(7  Sergeant  and  Rawle,  page  188;  8  Wright 
page  501).  While  the  title  of  the  proprie- 
taries to  all  other  lands  was  divested  by 


this  Act,  it  did  not  afifect  the  proprietary 
manors.  The  courts  holding  that  the  lands 
within  the  survey  of  the  manor  were 
excepted  out  of  the  general  operation  of 
the  Act,  and  were  not  vested  in  the  Com- 
monwealth (Wallace  vs.  Harmstead,  8 
Wright,  492). 

These  decisions  placed  a  quietus  on  land 
title  troubles. 

Early  dates  concerning  the  local  bench 
and  bar  are  not  easily  fixed.  The  judiciary 
commences  with  the  induction  into  office  of 
the  justices  of  the  peace,  and  the  records 
show  five  lawyers  to  have  practiced  in  1749, 
the  year  of  the  organization  of  the  courts. 
To  what  extent  in  the  bench  and  bar  his- 
tory these  were  inceptive  or  formative  in- 
fluences cannot  be  determined  by  sharp 
lines  of  clearage. 

After  the  organization  of  Courts  there 
was  no  interruption  except  during  the  War 
of  the  Revolution,  when  court  work  sus- 
pended for  more  than  a  year,  until  the  con- 
vention to  frame  the  first  Constitution  for 
Pennsylvania  met  in  Philadelphia,  July  15, 
1776,  the  transition  from  the  Colonial  to 
State  government  being  not  unmixed  with 
inconvenience  and  dissatisfaction.  The 
test  oath  required  of  magistrates  and  offi- 
cers probably  was  a  strong  force  in  pre- 
venting the  convening  of  courts.  This 
convention  on  the  3rd  of  September  en- 
acted an  ordinance  nominating  and  ap- 
pointing' Michael  Swoope,  of  York  county, 
as  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  the  State  at 
Large,  and  the  following  as  justices  for 
York  county:  Robert  McPherson,  Martin 
Eichelberger,  Samuel  Edie,  David  Mc- 
Conaughty,  Richard  McAllister,  Henry 
Slagle,  Matthew  Dill,  William  Rankin, 
William  Lees,  William  Bailey,  William 
Scott,  William  Smith,  William  McClaskey, 
Josias  Scott,  Thomas  Latta,  William  Mc- 
Clean  and  John  Nickle,  the  younger.  Jus- 
tice McClean  made  repeated  efYorts  to  con- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


85 


vene  courts,  but  the  first  indictment  pre- 
sented to  the  grand  jury  in  the  name  of  the 
Commonwealth  was  as  late  as  the  January 
Term,  1778,  an  Orphans'  Court  having 
convened  the  3rd  of  December  preceding. 

The  Act  of  Assembly  of  January  28,  1777 
providing  for  the  appointment  of  one  of 
the  justices  of  each  county  to  preside  in 
the  respective  courts  was  complied  with 
November  18,  1780,  by  the  commissioning 
of  Richard  McAllister  for  York  county. 
Two  days  later  Hon.  James  Smith  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  judges  of  the  Court  of 
Errors  and  Appeals.  This  court  was  insti- 
tuted by  Act  of  Assembly  of  February  28, 
preceding,  sitting  once  a  year  in  Philadel- 
phia on  errors  assigned  to  judgments  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  but  was  abolished  Febru- 
ary 24,  1806. 

The  earlier  justices  of  the  peace  were 
eligible  through  good  character,  but  under 
the  Constitution  framed  by  the  Convention 
of  1789-90  those  "of  knowledge  and  integ- 
rity, skilled  in  the  laws"  only  were  appoint- 
able  to  president  judgeships,  while  by  the 
same  act  a  number  of  other  proper  persons 
not  fewer  than  three  and  not  more  than 
four  were  to  be  appointed  to  associate 
judgeships.  The  president  judge  and  asso- 
ciates or  any  two  of  them  and  the  Register 
of  Wills  had  the  power  of  holding  a  Reg- 
ister's Court,  while  the  associate  judges 
could  hold  any  of  the  courts  in  the  absence 
of  the  president  judge  except  Oyer  and 
Terminer. 

The  first  Quarter  Sessions  Court  under 
the  new  constitution  was  held  before  Hon. 
William  Augustus  Atlee,  October  24,  1791, 
with  Hon.  Henry  Schlegel,  Hon.  Samuel 
Edie,  Hon.  William  Scott  and  Hon.  Jacob 
Rudisill  as  associate  judges.  The  first 
Common  Pleas  Court  was  held  the  follow- 
ing day.  Judge  Atlee  continued  in  office 
until  his  death,  April  9,  1793.  Hon.  John 
Joseph  Henry  filHng  the  vacancy.      Adams 


county  was  created  out  of  York  county 
January  22,  1800,  and  as  associate  judges 
Schlegel,  Edie  and  Scott  lived  within  its 
limits  others  had  to  be  appointed.  Hon. 
John  Stewart  and  Hon.  Hugh  Glasgow  re- 
ceived the  commissions.  Judge  Rudisill 
died  on  the  6th  of  December,  but  no  suc- 
cessor was  appointed  and  from  this  time 
forward  the  number  of  associate  judges  was 
two.  Hon.  Jacob  Hostetter  was  the  next 
commissioned  judge,  succeeding  Judge 
Stewart,  who  received  an  election  to  Con- 
gress. In  January,  1811,  Judge  Henry  re- 
signed and  was  succeeded  by  Hon.  Walter 
Franklin  on  the  i8th  of  the  same  month. 
Hon.  George  Barnitz  received  a  judge's 
commission  on  the  29th  of  March,  1813,  to 
succeed  Judge  Glasgow,  who  was  also  sent 
to  Congress.  On  the  loth  of  December 
Hon.  John  L.  Hinkle  was  commissioned  to 
succeed  Judge  Hostetter,  who  "met  the 
same  fate  as  his  predecessors,  that  is,  was 
sent  to  Congress."  Changes  in  the  judi- 
cial district  had  taken  place  in  the  mean- 
time. Chester  county  was  taken  from  the 
Second  district  in  1806,  leaving  Lancaster, 
York  and  Dauphin  counties,  while  in  181 5 
Dauphin  was  annexed  to  the  Twelfth  Dis- 
trict. A  district  court  for  York  county  was 
organized  under  the  Act  passed  April  10, 
1826,  giving  concurrent  jurisdiction  with 
the  courts  of  Common  Pleas.  The  court 
consisted  of  a  President  and  an  associate 
judge,  both  learned  in  the  law.  By  Act 
passed  April  8,  1833,  York  and  Lancaster 
counties  were  formed  into  separate  dis- 
tricts and  Hon.  Daniel  Durkee  was  ap- 
pointed the  first  judge  of  the  York  Dis- 
trict, the  act  providing  for  one  judge  for 
each  district.  These  courts  ceased  to  ex- 
ist, by  the  Act  of  1833,  on  the  first  of  May, 
1840. 

On  the  14th  of  May,  1835,  York  and 
Adams  counties  became  the  nineteenth  ju- 
dicial district.     Hon.  Daniel  Durkee  judge 


86 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


of  the  District  Court,  was  commissioned 
president  judge  of  the  Common  Pleas  of 
this  district.  In  1838  the  Constitutional 
Convention  limited  the  term  of  the  presi- 
dent judge  to  ten  years  and  that  of  the  as- 
sociate judges  to  five  years.  This  conven- 
tion also  ordained  that  the  associate  judges 
should  be  divided  into  four  classes  accord- 
ing to  seniority  of  commission,  the  terms  of 
those  in  the  first  class  to  expire  February 
27,  1840,  and  of  those  in  the  remaining 
classes,  one,  two  and  three  years  later,  re- 
spectively. Judge  Barnitz  was  in  the  first 
class  and  was  succeeded  by  Hon.  Samuel 
C.  Bonham,  March  26,  1840;  Judge  Hinkle 
who  was  in  the  second  class,  was  succeeded 
by  Hon.  George  Dare,  April  3,  1841 ;  Judge 
Durkee  resigned  shortly  before  his  term 
expired  and  Hon.  William  N.  Irvine  was 
appointed  February  10,  1846,  as  his  suc- 
cessor, serving  until  1849,  when  he  re- 
signed and  Judge  Durkee  was  re-appointed 
on  the  6th  of  April.  Judge  Dare  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Hon.  George  Hammond  on  the 
28th  of  March,  1746,  and  Judge  Bonham 
was  succeeded  by  Hon.  Jacob  Kirk  in  1850. 
In  185 1  a  Constitutional  amendment 
made  the  judgeship  elective,  the  number 
remained  unchanged.  At  the  first  elec- 
tion under  the  new  law,  held  on  the  second 
Tuesday  of  October,  1851,  Hon.  Robert  J. 
Fisher  was  elected  President  Judge  and 
Hon.  Isaac  Roller  and  Hon.  Miles  Hays 
associate  judges.  Judge  Koller  served 
until  his  death  in  1854,  when  Hon.  John 
Rieman  was  appointed  by  the  Governor 
in  whom  vested  the  right  of  appointment 
to  a  vacancy  created  by  death.  Judge 
Rieman  was  elected  to  the  office  in  1855 
and  re-elected  in  i860.  In  1856  Hon. 
Adam  Ebaugh  succeeded  Judge  Hays.  In 
1 86 1  Judge  Fisher  received  a  re-election  as 
president  judge  and  Judge  Ebaugh  as  as- 
sociate judge.  The  death  of  Judge  Rie- 
man  occurred   in    1862   and   Hon.    David 


Fahs  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy  on 
the  5th  of  November,  1862,  holding  the  of- 
fice until  the  election  of  Hon.  Peter  Mcln- 
tyre  a  year  later.  Judge  Ebaugh  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Hon.  David  Newcomer  in  1866. 
Judge  Mclntyre  was  re-elected  in  1868  but 
tion  in  1871,  Hon.  John  Moore  at  the 
ing  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy.  Hon. 
Peter  Ahl  was  elected  to  the  position  in 
1870.  Judge  Fahs  received  a  second  elec- 
tion in  1871.  Hon.  John  Moore  at  the 
same  time  succeeding  Judge  Newcomer. 
Judge  Ahl  died  in  1873  and  Hon.  J.  C.  E. 
Moore  held  the  position  for  six  months 
when  Hon.  Valentine  Trout  was  elected  in 
October.  Underthe  constitution  of  i873the 
office  of  associate  judge  not  learned  in  the 
law  was  abolished  in  counties  forming  sep- 
arate judicial  districts,  York  county  be- 
coming by  reason  of  its  increase  in  popu- 
lation, the  Nineteenth,  and  Adams  county 
the  Forty-second  district.  Judge  Moore's 
term  expired  in  1875.  Judge  Trout's  three 
years  later,  the  latter  being  the  last  of  the 
associate  judges.  By  the  act  of  April  12, 
1875,  York  county  was  given  an  additional 
law  judge.  Hon.  Pere  L.  Wickes  receiv- 
ing the  election.  In  1881  Hon.  John  Gib- 
son succeeded  Judge  Fisher  who  had 
served  thirty  consecutive  years.  Hon. 
James  W.  Latimer  succeeded  Judge  Wickes 
in  1885.  The  death  of  Judge  Gibson  oc- 
curred during  his  term  in  1890.  Hon. 
John  W.  Bittenger  being  elected  his  suc- 
cessor and  assumed  the  duties  of  office  in 
1891.  The  term  of  Judge  Latimer  con- 
cluding in  1895,  Hon  W.  F.  Bay  Stewart 
was  elected  his  successor. 

The  number  of  attorneys  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  courts  of  York  County  since 
1749  reaches  nearly  five  hundred,  many  of 
whom,  however,  were  admitted  for  the  trial 
of  a  special  case  only,  and  never  practiced 
regularly.  The  early  names  on  the  roster 
of  practitioners  show  a  wide  lapse  of  time 


NlICETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


87 


between  admissions.  The  present  enroll- 
ment of  nearly  sixty  members  being  indi- 
cative of  the  growth  and  advancement  of 
the  county.  This  fact  being  doubly  patent 
when  it  is  known  that  the  work  of  the 
counselor  is  rapidly  displacing  the  sphere 
of  the  advocate. 

The  members  of  the  bar  are  men  of  pro- 
bity, leaders  in  various  ranges  of  mind  and 
action  in  their  communities,  and  whose  con- 
scientious efforts  for  their  clientele  unitedly 
make  a  faithful  and  efficient  public  service. 

Adams  County.  The  first  court  held 
in  the  county  was  in  June  1800, 
when  there  were  no  resident  lawyers 
at  Gettysburg,  and  the  first  bar  con- 
sisted of  ten  visiting  or  traveling  law- 
yers who  were  a  part  of  the  number  called 
■'circuit  riders"  who  followed  the  courts  in 
the  frontier  and  western  counties.  The  first 
resident  attorney  was  Jonathan  F.  Haight, 
who  was  admitted  in  November  1800,  but 
left  in  1803.  Each  year  new  members  were 
admitted  and  soon  there  were  resident  law- 
yers enough  to  constitute  a  fair  bar.  Fran- 
cis S.  Key,  the  author  of  "The  Star 
Spangled  Banner;"  Thaddeus  Stevens,  the 
"Great  Commoner,"  James  Buchanan,  the 
Bachelor  President,  and  other  distinguished 
lawyers  practiced  in  the  courts  of  x\dams 
county.  Moses  McClean  admitted  in  1826 
afterwards  became  distinguished  in  politi- 
cal life  serving  in  the  State  Legislature  and 
in  Congress.  Admitted  with  McClean  was 
Andrew  G.  Miller,  afterwards  a  United 
States  judge  in  Wisconsin.  Another  early 
lawyer  of  distinction  was  Daniel  M. 
Smyser,  who  was  admitted  in  1831,  and  af- 
terwards served  in  the  legislature  and  as 
president  judge  of  Bucks  and  Montgomery 
counties  from  1851  to  1861.  Following 
Smyser  came  James  Cooper,  whose  admis- 
sion was  in  1834,  and  who  was  an  able 
lawyer  and  a  State  Legislator,  a  member  of 
Congress  and  finally  winning  a  seat  in  the 


United  States  Senate.  In  1835,  Robert  J. 
Fisher,  who  afterwards  came  to  the  bench, 
was  admitted,  and  the  next  year  among 
members  admitted  were  Gottleib  S.  Orth 
and  Conrad  Baker,  both  of  whom  went  to 
Indiana  which  sent  them  to  Congress  and 
made  Baker  governor.  Among  those  of 
distinction  who  followed  Orth  and  Baker 
was  William  McSherry,  and  David  Wills, 
the  former  prominent  as  a  member  of  both 
houses  of  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature, 
and  the  latter  served  as  president  judge  of 
the  district  in  1873-74,  yet  is  best  known 
as  the  originator  of  the  movement  that  se- 
cured the  National  Cemetery  at  Gettysburg. 

Adams  county  with  Cumberland  formed 
a  judicial  district  until  1835,  when  Adams 
and  York  became  a  judicial  district,  and  in 
1832,  Adams  was  placed  with  Fulton 
county  to  make  the  forty-second  district. 
The  president  judges  have  been:  John  T. 
Henry,  1800;  James  Hamilton,  1805; 
Charles  Smith,  1809;  John  Reed,  1820; 
Daniel  Durkee,  1835;  William  N.  Irvine, 
1846;  William  N.  Durkee,  1849;  Robert  J. 
Fisher,  1851;  David  Wills,  1873;  William 
M.  McClean,  1874;  S.  M'Curdy  Swope, 
1897. 

Of  these  judges  only  Wills  and  McClean 
are  Adams  county  men  and  receive  men- 
tion elsewhere  in  this  volume. 

The  associate  judges  have  been:  William 
Gilliland,  John  Agnew,  William  Scott,  Wil- 
liam  Crawford,    Daniel    Sheffer,    William 
McClean,   George   Wills,   George   Smyser, 
James  McDevitt,  and  John  McGinley  and 
S.  R.  Russel,  185 1 ;  David  Zeigler  and  Dr. 
David  Horner,  1861 ;  Isaac  Weirman,  1863 
Isaac  Robinson,   1866;  J.  J.   Kuhn,   1868 
Robert  McCurdy,  1869;  J.  J.  Kuhn,  1873 
A.   F.  White  and  William   Gulden,    1880 
John  L.  Jenkins,  David  G.  Donohue. 

Cumberland  County.  About  six  hun- 
dred members  have  been  admitted  to 
this    bar    up    to    the    present    time,    most 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


of  whom  have  been  forgotten.  But 
when  we  glance  over  the  long  list  of  those 
who  have  practiced  at  out  courts  within  the 
period  of  a  century  and  a  half,  we  have  just 
reason  to  be  proud.  Many,  whose  names 
will  long  be  remembered,  were,  upon  the 
bench  or  at  the  bar,  of  great  judicial  learn- 
ing, and  others  were  orators  of  peerless 
eloquence.  Many  of  these  men  were  men 
of  strong  personality,  of  sterling  integrity, 
patriots  in  short,  as  well  as  lawyers,  who 
fought  in  the  field  as  well  as  legislated  in 
the  forum  to  lay  firm  and  fast  the  founda- 
tions of  this  commonwealth  which  we  en- 
joy. In  the  past,  therefore,  the  bar  of  this 
county  undoubtedly  ranks  amongst  the 
foremost  of  our  State,  and  like  a  Douglass 
can  stand  "bonnetted  before  a  King"  and 
bow  down  to  none. 

The  Bar  of  Cumberland  county  had  its 
birth  in  the  Colonial  period  of  our  history, 
in  the  days  when  Pennsylvania  was  a  Pro- 
vince, and  when  George  II  was  the  reign- 
ing king.  His  imbecile  successor,  George 
III,  whose  stubborn  policy  provoked  the 
colonies  to  assert  their  rights,  had  not  yet 
ascended  the  throne  of  England,  and  the 
Revolution  was  as  yet  far  distant. 

The  increasing  population  of  this  por- 
tion of  the  Province  made  courts  necessary 
in  this  section,  which  had  been  a  part  of 
Lancaster. 

The  county  was  therefore  formed  and 
the  courts  of  justice  established  by  the 
Royal  authority  under  the  seat  of  the  Pro- 
prietaries, first  at  Shippensburg  (four 
terms  dating  from  24  of  July,  1750,  to  and 
including  April  Term  1750)  but  on  the 
choice  of  the  county  seat  were  removed  to 
Carlisle  in  the  succeeding  year. 

Let  us  look  into  this  first  court  held  at 
Shippensburg.  Samuel  Smith,  of  whom 
we  know  little,  except  that  he  had  already 
been  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Assembly, 
with  his  associates,  presided. 


John  Potter  was  Sheriff.  Hermanns 
Alricks,  of  Carlisle,  who  came  from  Hol- 
land in  1682  with  dispatches  to  the  Dutch 
on  the  Delaware,  and  who  was,  himself,  at 
this  time  (1749-50)  the  first  representative 
of  Cumberland  county  in  the  Assembly, 
was  clerk.  George  Ross,  who  had  just 
studied  law  under  Samuel  Johnson,  of 
York,  and  who  was  afterwards  a  signer  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  appears 
as  the  first  "Prosecutor  for  the   Crown." 

The  lawyers  of  that  day  traveled  "upon 
the  circuit."  Those  of  older  York  and 
Lancaster  practiced,  during  the  whole  of 
this  anti-Revolutionary  period,  in  the 
courts  at  Carlisle,  even  as  the  resident  law- 
yers of  the  infant  town  of  Carlisle  practiced 
in  the  courts  of  York  and  Lancaster. 
Among  the  number  were  those  who  be- 
came eminent  as  soldiers  during  the  Indian 
War  and  the  Revolution,  and  three  of  those 
who  practiced  at  our  bar  (the  greatest  of 
whom,  by  far,  was  a  resident  practitioner) 
Smith,  Ross  and  Wilson,  were  subsequently 
signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

The  courts  of  that  day  were  presided 
over  by  the  justices  of  the  respective  coun- 
ties, all  of  whom  were  ex-ofificio  judges  of 
the  Courts  of  Common  Pleas  and  Quarter 
Sessions.  They  knew  little,  frequently,  of 
technical  law,  and  were  generally  selected 
because  of  their  well-known  integrity  of 
character,  extended  business  experience 
and  sound  common  sense,  but  by  close  ob- 
servation and  long  experience  they  became 
well  acquainted  with  the  duties  of  their  po- 
sitions and  fitted  to  adjudicate  the  import- 
ant interests  submitted  to  their  charge.  Nor 
was  the  Bar  inferior.  Gentlemen  eminent 
for  their  legal  abilities  and  oratorical  pow- 
ers practiced  before  them,  and  by  the 
gravity  of  their  demeanor  and  respectful 
behavior  shed  lustre  upon  the  proceedings 
and  gave  weight  and  influence  to  the  de- 
cisions rendered. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


The  first  court  held  at  CarHsle  was  in 
the  year  immediately  succeeding  the  for- 
mation of  the  county,  and  was  "a  court  of 
general  Quarter  Sessions,  held  at  Carlisle, 
for  the  County  of  Cumberland,  the  twenty- 
third  day  of  July,  A.  D.,  1751,  and  in  the 
twenty-fifth  year  of  our  Sovereign  Lord, 
King  George  II,  over  Great  Britain,  &c. 
Before  Samuel  Smith,  Esq.,  and  his  asso- 
ciate justices." 

These  justices  who  presided  were  com- 
missioned, through  the  Governor  of  the 
Province,  by  the  King.  Their  number 
seems  to  have  varied  from  time  to  time, 
and,  in  presiding  in  the  courts,  they  seem 
to  have  rotated  without  any  discoverable 
rule  of  regularity.  In  the  criminal  courts, 
for  the  lighter  offenses  there  were  fines  and 
imprisonments  and  for  felonies  the  ignomi- 
nious punishment  of  the  whipping  post  and 
pillory. 

In  the  beginning  of  our  history  the  pub- 
lic prosecutor  was  the  Crown  and  all  crim- 
inal cases  were  entered  accordingly  in  the 
name  of  the  King.  George  Ross  was  the 
Public  Prosecutor  for  the  Crown  from  1751 
to  1764;  Robert  Magaw  followed  in  1765- 
66,  and  Jasper  Yeates  in  1770.  The 
wealthy  and  aristocratic  Benjamin  Chew, 
who  was  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Coun- 
cil, and  afterwards,  during  the  Revolution, 
a  Loyalist,  was,  at  this  time  (1759-68)  At- 
torney General,  and  prosecuted  many  of 
the  more  important  criminal  cases,  from 
1759  to  1769,  in  our  courts.  He  was,  in 
1777,  with  some  others,  received  by  the 
Sheriff  of  this  county,  and  held  at  Staun- 
ton, Va.,  till  the  conclusion  of  the  war. 

The  first  admission  to  the  Bar  of  Cum- 
berland county,  of  which  there  is  any  rec- 
ord, was  that  of  William  McClay,  in  Octo- 
ber term,  1760.  He  was  of  a  prominent 
family  near  Shippensburg.  Pie  does  not 
seem  to  have  practiced.  In  1781  he  was 
elected  to  the  Assembly.     He  was  a  mem- 


ber of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council,  and 
in  1788,  was  elected  as  our  first  repre- 
sentative to  the  United  States  Senate.  He 
was  a  personal  friend  of  Washington,  but 
was  always  in  unison  with  the  administra- 
tion. He  seems  to  have  been  a  thoroughly 
honest  Scotch  Presbyterian,  a  sort  of  bu- 
colic critic  upon  the  administration,  as  his 
recently  published  diary  proves.  He  went 
with  Washington  to  the  theatre,  sat  with 
him  in  the  same  box,  but  his  reflections 
upon  the  play  as  not  sufficiently  tending  to 
inculcate  a  moral  purpose  would  have  fitted 
a  Puritan  of  Cromwell's  time.  He  married 
Mary,  a  daughter  of  John  Harris,  the 
founder  of  Harrisburg.  He  died  April  16, 
1804. 

The  earliest  practitioners  at  our  bar, 
from  1760  to  1770,  were  James  Smith,  of 
York,  James  Campbell,  Samuel  Johnston, 
Jasper  Yeates,  Robert  Magaw,  George 
Stevenson,  James  Wilson,  James  Hamilton 
(afterwards  Judge),  David  Sample  and 
David  Grier,  while,  in  the  first  year  of  our 
independence,  (1776)  we  find  the  additional 
names  of  John  Steel,  Edward  Burd,  Robt. 
Galbraith  and  Col.  Thomas  Hartley. 

Who  were  these  men?  George  Ross  was 
the  son  of  an  Episcopal  clergyman ;  born  at 
New  Castle,  Del.,  (but  then  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania) in  1730.  He  began  the  practice  of 
law  in  Lancaster  and  in  our  courts  in  1751 
and  his  name  is  found  as  a  practitioner  in 
our  courts  as  late  as  1772.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Colonial  Assembly  (1768  to  1776) 
and  of  the  Continental  Congress  (1774  to 
1777).  He  was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration 
of  Independence.  He  died  at  Lancaster  in 
July,  1778-  He  was  a  handsome  man,  with 
high  forehead,  oval  face,  regular  features, 
and  long  hair  worn  in  the  fashion  of  the 
day. 

Col.  James  Smith,  of  York,  was  an  Irish- 
man and  a  wit,  a  jovial  soul  of  the  lawyer 
on  the  circuit.     From  Graydon's  Memor- 


gb 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


ies  we  learn  that,  after  he  had  been  ad- 
mitted as  a  member  of  the  bar,  he  settled 
in  the  vicinity  of  Shippensburg,  but  after- 
wards removed  to  York,  where  he  contin- 
ued to  reside  until  his  death,  July  ii,  1806, 
aged  about  ninety-three  years.  He  was  a 
member  of  Congress  from  1775  to  1778.  He 
was  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, and  was  a  colonel  in  the  Revolu- 
tion. He  retired  from  the  practice  of  law 
in  about  1800. 

The  name  of  James  Wilson,  LL.  D.,  ap- 
pears upon  the  records  of  our  court  as 
early  as  1763.  Born  in  Scotland,  in  1742, 
he  received  a  finished  education  at  the 
Universities  of  Edinburgh  and  Glasgow,  and 
under  such  instructors  as  Dr.  Blair  in  Rhe- 
toric and  Dr.  Watts  in  logic.  He  came  to 
Philadelphia  in  1766,  read  law  with  John 
Dickinson,  the  colonial  governor  and 
founder  of  Dickinson  College,  and  when 
admitted,  took  up  his  residence  in  Carlisle. 
In  an  important  land  case  (between  the 
Proprietaries  and  Samuel  Wallace)  he  had 
gained  the  admiration  of  the  most  eminent 
lawyers  of  the  Province,  and  had  at  once 
taken  rank  second  to  none  at  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Bar.  But  his  life  was  to  have  a  wider 
sphere.  At  the  meeting  in  Carlisle,  in  July 
1774,  which  protested  against  the  action  of 
Great  Britain  against  the  colonies,  he  with 
Irvine  and  Magaw,  was  appointed  a  dele- 
gate to  meet  those  of  other  counties  of  the 
State  as  the  initiary  step  to  a  general  con- 
vention of  delegates  from  the  different  col- 
onies. He  was  subsequently  a  signer  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  when 
that  motion  was  finally  acted  upon  in  Con- 
gress, the  vote  of  Pennsylvania  was  carried 
in  its  favor  by  the  deciding  vote  of  James 
Wilson,  of  Cumberland  county.  "He  had," 
says  Bancroft,  "at  an  early  day  seen  inde- 
pendence as  the  probable,  though  not  the 
intended  result  of  the  contest,"  and  al- 
though he  was  not,  at  first,  avowedly  in 


favor  of  a  severance  from  the  mother  coun- 
try, he  desired  it  when  he  received  definite 
instructions  from  his  constituents.  In  1776 
he  was  a  colonel  in  the  Revolution.  From 
1779  to  1784  he  held  the  position  of  Advo- 
cate General  for  the  French  nation,  to  draw 
plans  for  the  regulation  of  the  intercourse 
of  that  country  with  the  United  States.  He 
was,  at  this  time,  director  of  the  Bank  of 
North  America. 

He  was  one  of  the  formost  members  of 
the  Convention  of  1787,  which  formed  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States.  "Of  the 
fifty-five  delegates,"  says  Prof.  McMaster 
in  his  History  of  the  People  of  the  United 
States,  "he  was  undoubtedly  the  best  pre- 
pared by  deep  and  systematic  study  of  the 
science  of  government  for  the  work  which 
lay  before  him."  The  Marquis  de  Chas- 
tellux,  himself  no  mean  student,  had  been 
struck  with  the  wide  range  of  his  erudition, 
and  had  spoken  in  high  terms  of  his  li- 
brary. "There,"  said  he,  "are  all  our  best 
writers  on  law  and  jurisprudence.  The 
works  of  President  Montesquieu  and  Chan- 
cellor D'Aguesseau  hold  the  first  rank 
among  them,  and  he  makes  them  his  daily 
study"  (Travels  of  the  Marquis  de  Chas- 
tellux  in  North  America).  This  learning 
Wilson  had,  in  times  past,  turned  to  excel- 
lent use,  and  he  now  became  one  of  the 
most  active  members  of  the  convention. 
"None,  with  the  exception  of  Gouverneur 
Morris,"  says  McMaster,  "was  so  often  on 
his  feet  'during  the  debates  or  spoke  more 
to  the  purpose."  By  this  time  Wilson  had 
removed  from  Carlisle  and  lived  in  Phila- 
delphia, where  he  became  the  acknowledged 
leader  of  that  bar.  He  was  appointed,  un- 
der the  Federal  Constitution,  one  of  the 
first  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  by  President  Washington, 
holding  that  position  until  death.  He  was 
professor  of  law  in  the  legal  college  of  the 
University  of  Philadelphia,  received  the  de- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


91 


gree  of  LL.  D.,  and  delivered  a  course  of 
lectures  on  jurisprudence  which  were  pub- 
lished. He  died  August  26,  1798,  aged 
fifty-six. 

Col.  Robert  Magaw  was  another  practi- 
tioner at  our  bar  at  he  outbreak  of  the 
Revolution.  He  was  an  Irishman  by  birth 
and  resided  in  Carlisle.  In  1774  he  was 
one  of  the  delegates  from  this  county  to  the 
Provincial  Convention  at  Philadelphia, 
which  met  for  the  purpose  of  concerting 
measures  to  call  a  general  congress  of  dele- 
gates from  all  the  colonies.  He  served  in 
the  Revolution  as  colonel  of  the  Fifth  Penn- 
sylvania Battalion.  He  was  in  command  at 
Fort  Washington  (]\Ianhattan  Island),  and 
when  threatened  by  General  Howe  with 
extremities  if  the  fort  should  have  to  be 
carried  by  assault,  replied  that  such  threats 
were  unworthy  of  a  British  officer  and  that 
he  (Magaw)  would  defend  it  to  the  last  ex- 
tremity. After  a  gallant  defense,  which 
drew  forth  the  admiration  of  General 
Washington,  who  witnessed  a  part  of  it 
from  the  opposite  side  of  the  Hudson,  he 
was  compelled  to  surrender  to  superior 
forces,  (Nov.  16,  1776)  was  taken  prisoner 
and  held  for  four  years.  He  was  released 
in  October,  1780,  when,  with  two  others, 
he  was  exchanged  for  Major  Gen.  De 
Reidesel.  He  had  a  large  practice  prior  to 
the  Revolution,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Assembly  in  1781-2.  He  died  in  Carlisle 
January  7th,  1790. 

The  name  of  Jasper  Yeates  appears  upon 
our  records  as  early  as  1763,  and  for  a  per- 
iod of  twenty-one  years  (to  1784)  he  was  a 
practitioner  at  our  bar.  He  resided  in  Lan- 
caster. He  was  an  excellent  lawyer,  a  fine 
classical  scholar,  and  practiced  over  a  large 
territory  in  the  eastern  counties  of  the 
State,  until  his  appointment  (in  1791)  by 
Governor  Mifflin  as  one  of  the  associate 
justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  until  his  death  in   1817.     In 


appearance  he  was  tall,  portly,  with  a  hand- 
some countenance,  florid  complexion  and 
blue  eyes.  He  was  the  compiler  of  the 
early  Pennsylvania  reports  which  bear  his 
name. 

George  Stevenson  (LL.  D.)  was  another 
prominent  practitioner  at  the  bar  in  1776. 
He  was  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  in  1718, 
educated  at  Trinity  College,  and  emigrated 
to  America  about  the  middle  of  the  cen- 
tury. He  was  appointed  Deputy  Surveyor 
General  under  Nicholas  Scull  for  the 
three  lower  counties  on  the  Delaware,  then 
known  as  the  territories  of  Pennsylvania, 
which  William  Penn  obtained  from  the 
Duke  of  York  in  1682.  He  afterwards  re- 
moved to  York  and  was  appointed  a  justice 
under  George  II,  in  1755.  In  1769  he 
moved  to  Carlisle  and  at  once  became  a 
leading  member  of  the  bar.  He  married 
the  widow  of  Thomas  Cookson,  a  distin- 
guished lawyer  of  Lancaster,  who,  in  con- 
nection with  Nicholas  Scull  laid  out  the 
town  of  Carlisle  in  1751.  Mr.  Stevenson 
died  in  Carlisle  in  1783. 

Capt.  John  Steel  was  a  prominent  mem- 
ber of  our  bar  in  1776.  Admitted,  on  mo- 
tion of  Robt.  Magaw,  only  three  years  pre- 
viously, he  had  already  attained  to  a  large 
practice,  (April  1773).  We  find  him  having 
a  large  practice  again  from  1782  to  1785, 
shortly  after  which  his  name  disappears 
from  the  records.  He  was  the  son  of  Rev. 
John  Steel,  known  as  the  "Fighting  Parson," 
(from  his  participation  in  the  French — In- 
dian War,)  and  was  born  at  Carlisle,  July 
iSth,  1774.  John  Steel  led  a  company  of 
men  from  Carlisle  and  joined  Washington 
after  he  had  crossed  the  Delaware.  He 
married  Agnes  Moore,  a  daughter  of  James 
Moore,  the  Elder,  of  Cumberland  county, 
a  great-great-grandfather,  upon  the  ma- 
teria! side,  of  the  writer. 

Col.  Thomas  Hartley  read  law  in  York 
under  Samuel  Johnston  and  commenced  to 


92 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


practice  in  1769.  He  appears  as  a  practi- 
tioner at  our  bar  from  April  1771  to  1797. 
In  1774  he  was  elected  to  the  Provincial 
meeting  of  deputies  at  Philadelphia.  In  the 
succeeding  year  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Provincial  Convention.  In  the  beginning 
of  the  war  he  became  a  colonel  in  the  Revo- 
lution. He  served  in  1778  in  the  Indian 
war  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna and  in  the  same  year  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  from  York 
county.  In  1787  he  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Convention  which  adopted  the  Fed- 
eral Constitution.  In  1788  he  was  elected 
to  Congress  and  served  for  a  period  of 
twelve  years.  He  was  an  excellent  lawyer, 
a  pleasant  speaker,  and  had  a  large  practice. 
He  died  in  York,  December  21st,  1800, 
aged  52  years. 

These  were  some  of  the  men  who  prac- 
ticed at  our  bar  in  the  memorable  year  1776, 
men  who  by  their  services  in  the  field  and 
in  the  courts  and  the  halls  of  Legislation 
helped  to  lay  firm  and  deep  the  foundations 
of  the  government  which  we  enjoy. 

From  the  period  of  the  Revolution  to  the 
adoption  of  the  State  Constitution,  in  1790, 
the  courts  were  presided  over  by  justices 
who  were  appointed  by  the  Supreme  Exe- 
crtive  Council.  Owing  to  the  adoption  of 
the  Declaration  and  the  necessity  of  tak- 
ing a  new  the  oath,  most  of  the  attorneys 
were  re-admitted  in  1778.  Among  these 
were  Jasper  Yeates,  James  Smith,  James 
Wilson,  Edward  Burd  and  David  Grier. 
Thomas  Hartley  was  re-admited  in  July  of 
the  succeeding  year.  James  Hamilton, 
who  afterwards  became  the  fourth  Presi- 
dent Judge  under  the  constitution,  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  upon  the  motion  of  Col. 
Thomas  Hartley  in  April,  1781. 

Among  the  names  of  those  who  prac- 
ticed during  this  period  between  the  Revo- 
lution and  the  adoption  of  the  constitution 
of  1790,  are  the  following: 


Hon.  Edward  Shippen  was  admitted  to 
our  bar  in  Oct.,  1778.  He  was  the  son  of 
Edward  Shippen,  the  Elder,  the  founder  of 
Shippensburg,  and  was  born  Feb.  16,  1729. 
In  1748  he  was  sent  to  England  to  be  edu- 
cated at  the  Inns  of  Court.  In  1771  he  was 
a  member  of  the  "Proprietary  and  Gover- 
nor's Council."  He  afterwards  rose  rap- 
idly and  become  Chief  Justice  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. He  was  the  father  of  the  wife  of 
General  Benedict  Arnold.  During  the 
Revolution  his  sympathies  were  with  Eng- 
land, but  owing  to  the  purity  of  his  charac- 
ter and  the  impartiality  with  which  he  dis- 
charged his  official  duties,  the  government 
restored  him  to  the  bench.  His  name  ap- 
pears upon  our  records  as  late  as  1800. 

Hon.  Thomas  Dimcan,  LL.  D.,  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1781,  when  he  was 
twenty-one  years  of  age.  He  was  of  Scotch- 
Irish  ancestry,  born  in  Carlisle  in  1760,  ed- 
ucated under  Dr.  Ramsey,  the  historian, 
and  studied  law  under  Hon.  Jasper  Yeates, 
then  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Pennsylvania.  On  his  admission 
to  the  bar  he  returned  to  his  native  place 
and  began  the  practice  of  law.  His  rise 
was  rapid,  and  in  less  than  ten  years  he  was 
the  acknowledged  leader  of  his  profession 
in  the  midland  counties  of  the  State,  and 
for  nearly  thirty  years  he  continued  to  hold 
this  eminent  position.  He  had,  during  this 
period,  perhaps  the  largest  practice  of  any 
lawyer  in  Pennsylvania  outside  of  Philadel- 
phia. In  1817  he  was  appointed  by  Gover- 
nor Snyder  to  the  bench  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  in  place  of  his  instructor,  Judge 
Yeates,  deceased.  He  shortly  after  re- 
moved to  Philadelphia,  where  he  continued 
to  reside  until  his  death,  Nov.  i6th,  1827. 

During  the  ten  years  he  sat  upon  the 
bench,  associated  with  Gibson  and  Tilgh- 
man,  he  contributed  largely  to  our  stock  of 
judicial  opinions,  and  the  reports  contain 
abundant  memorials  of   his    industry    and 


NlIsrETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


93 


third  Vol.  of  "Sergeant  &  Rawle"  and  end 
with  the  seventeenth  volume  of  the  same 
series. 

For  years  before  the  beginning  of  the 
present  century  and  under  five  of  the  judges 
after  the  adoption  of  the  first  Constitution, 
namely.  Smith,  Riddle,  Henry,  Hamilton 
and  Charles  Smith,  Thomas  Duncan  prac- 
ticed at  the  bar  of  Cumberland  county.  At 
the  bar  he  was  distinguished  by  acuteness 
of  discernment,  promptness  of  decision,  an 
accurate  knowledge  of  character  and  a 
read}"  recourse  to  the  rich  stores  of  his  own 
mind  and  memory.  He  was  an  excellent 
land  and  criminal  law  lawyer,  and  was  par- 
ticularly strong  in  the  technicalities  of  spe- 
cial pleading.*  He  was  enthusiastically  de- 
voted to  his  profession,  indefatigable  and 
zealous,  and  practiced  over  a  large  portion 
of  the  State.  In  appearance  he  was  about 
five  feet  six  inches  high,  of  small,  delicate 
frame,  rather  reserved  in  manners,  had 
rather  a  shrill  voice,  wore  powder  in  his 
hair,  knee  breeches  and  buckles,  and  was 
very  neat  and  particular  in  his  dress.  Upon 
his  monument  in  the  old  grave-yard  in  Car- 
lisle there  is  an  eloquent  panegyric,  which, 
we  have  been  informed,  was  from  the  pen 
of  Judge  Gibson. 

James  Armstrong  Wilson,  whose  name 
appears  after  the  Revolution  as  a  practi- 
tioner at  our  bar  was  the  son  of  Thomas 
Wilson,  of  Carlisle,  one  of  the  earlier  pro- 
vincial justices.  James  A.  Wilson  was  edu- 
cated at  Princeton  and  was  graduated  about 
1771-  He  studied  law  with  Richard  Stock- 
ton and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Easton. 
He  was  admitted  to  our  bar  on  motion  of 
James  Wilson  in  April  1774  and  practiced 
for  ten  years.  He  was  a  m.ajor  in  the  Revo- 
lution. He  died  in  Carlisle  March  17,  1788, 
aged  36  years.  "In  him,"  says  an  obituary 
notice  in  Kline's     Carlisle     Gazette,     "the 

*  See  Col.  Porter's  remarks  in  Essay  on  Gibson. 


country  has  lost  a  distinguished  and  inflex- 
ible patriot." 

Among  others  who  practiced  at  this  time 
was  Stephen  Chambers  (from  about  1783) 
who  was  from  Lancaster  and  a  brother-in- 
law  of  John  Joseph  Henry,  who  was  after- 
wards appointed  Judge  of  our  judicial  dis- 
trict in  1800.  There  was  also  John  Clark, 
from  York,  (1784  and  after)  who  had  been 
a  major  in  the  Revolution;  a  large  man,  of 
fine  personal  appearance,  witty,  and  the  de- 
light of  the  lawyers  who  traveled  upon  the 
circuit  in  that  day.  There  was  Ross 
Thompson  who  had  practiced  in  other 
courts,  admitted  in  1784,  but  who  died 
young.  Another,  John  Andrew  Hanna 
(1785)  settled  in  Harrisburg  at  about  the 
time  of  the  formation  of  Dauphin  county. 
He  was  a  son-in-law  and  executor  of  John 
Harris,  the  founder  of  Harrisburg.  He  was 
elected  to  Congress  from  his  district  in  1797 
and  served  until  his  death  in  1805.  There 
was  Ralph  Bowie,  of  York,  admitted  to 
our  bar  in  October,  1785,  who  practiced 
considerably  in  our  courts  from  1798  till 
after  1800.  He  was  a  Scotchman  by  birth 
and  had  probably  been  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  his  native  country.  He  was  a  well  read 
lawyer  and  much  sought  after  in  important 
cases  of  ejectment.  He  was  of  fine  personal 
appearance,  courtly  and  dignified  in  man- 
ner, and  neat  and  particular  in  dress.  He 
powdered  his  hair,  wore  short  clothes  in 
the  fashion  of  the  day  and  had  social  quali- 
ties of  the  most  attractive  character.  The 
writer  was  told,  some  years  ago,  by  the 
then  oldest  living  member  of  our  bar,  that 
Mr.  Bowie  was  connected  in  some  way  with 
the  Gordon  Riots  in  London. 

Of  James  Hamilton,  James  Riddle, 
Charles  Smith,  John  Joseph  Henry,Thomas 
Smith,  all  of  whom  practiced  at  this  period 
but  became  judges  subsequently,  we  will 
speak  later. 

Two  prominent  members  of  the  bar  were 


94 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


admitted  in  1790,  Thomas  Creigh  and 
David  Watts.  The  former  was  the  son 
of  Hon.  John  Creigh,  who  emigrated  from 
Ireland  and  settled  in  Carlisle  in  1761. 
John  Creigh  was  an  early  justice  and  one 
of  the  nine  representatives  who  signed  the 
first  Declaration,  June  24,  1776,  for  the 
colony  of  Pennsylvania.  Thomas  Creigh 
was  born  in  Carlisle  August  i6th,  1769. 
He  graduated  in  the  second  class  which 
left  Dickinson  College  in  1788.  He  prob- 
ably studied  law  under  Thomas  Duncan, 
upon  whose  motion  he  was  admitted.  He 
died  in  Carlisle,  October,  1809.  He  was 
a  brother-in-law  of  Samuel  Alexander, 
Esq.,  of  Carlisle,  and  of  Hon.  John  Ken- 
nedy, of  the  Supreme  Court. 

David  Watts,  one  of  the  strongest  mem- 
bers of  the  early  bar,  son  of  Frederick 
Watts,  who  was  a  member  of  the  early 
Provincial  Council,  was  born  in  Cumber- 
land county,  October  29th,  1764.  He  grad- 
uated in  the  first  class  which  left  the  then 
unpretentious  halls  of  Dickinson  College 
in  1787.  He  afterwards  read  law  in  Phil- 
adelphia under  the  eminent  jurist  and  ad- 
vocate, William  Lewis,  LL.  D.,  and  was 
admitted  to  our  bar  in  October,  1790.  He 
soon  acquired  an  immense  practice,  and 
became  the  acknowledged  rival  of  Thomas 
Duncan,  who  had  been  for  years  the  recog- 
nized leader  on  this  circuit.  He  had  been 
in  the  Revolution  and  in  the  Whiskey  In- 
surrection, on  the  side  of  law  and  order,  in 
1794.  He  was  a  man  of  Herculean  frame, 
had  a  strong,  powerful  voice,  was  a  forci- 
ble and  impassioned  speaker,  who  gener- 
ally selected  only  the  strong  points  of  his 
case  and  labored  upon  them  with  an  earn- 
estness and  zeal  which  approached  to  fury.* 
He  was  the  father  of  the  late  Hon.  Fred- 


*  See  Brackenricige's  Recollections,  where  is 
given  a  fine  word  portrait  of  the  contrasting  per- 
sonal appearance  and  mental  characteristics  of 
Watts  and  Duncan. 


erick  Watts.  He  died  September  25th, 
1819. 

We  have  given  a  brief  sketch  of  our  Bar 
from  the  earliest  times  down  to  the  Con- 
stitution of  1790,  when,  in  the  following 
year,  Thomas  Smith,  the  first  President 
Judge  of  our  Judicial  District,  appears 
upon  the  Bench. 

From  the  adoption  of  this  first  constitu- 
tion until  the  present,  the  judges  who  have 
presided  over  our  courts  are  as    follows: 

Thomas  Smith,  1791 ;  James  Riddle, 
1794;  John  Joseph  Henry,  1800;  James 
Hamilton,  1806;  Charles  Smith,  1819; 
John  Reed,  1820;  Samuel  Hepburn,  1838; 
Frederick  Watts.  1848;  James  H.  Graham, 
1851;  Benjamin  F.  Jenkins,  1871;  Martin 
C.  Herm.an,  1875;  Wilbur  F.  Sadler,  1885; 
Edward  W.  Biddle,  1895. 

Hon.  Thomas  Smith  first  appeared  upon 
the  Bench  in  October  term,  1791.  He  re- 
sided in  Carlisle.  He  had  been  a  deputy 
surveyor  under  the  government  and  thus 
became  well  acquainted  with  the  land  sys- 
tem in  Pennsylvania,  then  in  progress  of 
formation.  He  was  accounted  a  good 
common  law  lawyer  and  did  a  considerable 
business.  He  was  commissioned  Presi- 
dent Judge  by  Governor  MifHin  on  Aug. 
25th,  1 79 1.  He  continued  in  that  posi- 
tion until  his  appointment  as  an  associate 
judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  on  the  31st 
of  January,  1794.  He  was  a  small  man, 
rather  reserved  in  manner,  and  of  not  very 
social  proclivities.  He  died  at  an  ad- 
vanced age  in  the  year  1809. 

Owing  to  the  necessity  of  being  resworn 
under  the  new  Constitution  the  following 
attorneys  "having  taken  the  oath  pre- 
scribed by  law,"  were  readmitted  at  this 
term  of  court :  James  Riddle,  Andrew  Dun- 
lap,  of  Franklin ;  Thomas  Hartley,  of  York, 
David  Watts,  Thomas  Nesbitt,  Ralph 
Bowie,  Thomas  Duncan,  Thos.  Creigh, 
Robt.  Duncan,  James  Hamilton  and  others. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


95 


Hon.  James  Riddle  first  appears  upon 
the  Bench  in  April  term,  1794.  He  was 
born  in  Adams  county,  graduated  at 
Princeton,  and  read  law  at  York.  He 
was  about  thirty  years  of  age  when  admit- 
ted to  the  bar.  He  had  a  large  practice 
until  his  appointment  as  President  Judge 
of  this  Judicial  District  by  Gov.  Mifflin  in 
Feb.  179 — .  He  was  well  read  in  science, 
literature  and  law,  a  good  advocate  and 
very  successful  with  the  jury.  He  was  a 
tall  man,  broad  shouldered  and  lusty,  with 
a  noble  face  and  profile  and  pleasing  man- 
ner. He  was  an  ardent  Federalist,  and, 
owing  to  the  strong  partisan  feeling  which 
existed,  he  resigned  his  position  as  judge 
and  returned  to  the  practice  of  law.  He 
died  in  Chambersburg  about   1837. 

John  Joseph  Henry,  the  third  President 
Judge  of  pur  Judicial  District,  was  from 
Lancaster,  and  was  born  about  the  year 
1758.  He  was  appointed  in  1800.  He 
had  previously  been  the  first  President 
Judge  of  Dauphin  county,  commissioned 
1793.  He  was,  as  a  youth,  in  the  Revolu- 
tion and  the  expedition  against  Quebec, 
under  General  Benedict  Arnold.  He  was 
taken  prisoner  at  Quebec.  He  was  a  large 
man,  probably  over  six  feet  in  height.  He 
died  in  Lancaster  in  1810. 

And  now  we  have  arrived  at  the  dawn 
of  a  new  century.  A  change  had  come  or 
was  coming  upon  us,  and  many  of  the  old 
forms  and  customs  of  Colonial  days  were 
passing  away.  The  Continental  dress,  the 
powdered  queue,  the  dignified  ceremon- 
ials of  the  courts,  and  the  refined 
manners  of  the  gentlemen  of  the  old 
regime  were  then  becoming  a  mat- 
ter more  of  memory  than  of  observation. 
Judge  Henry  was  on  the  Bench.  Watts 
and  Duncan  were  unquestionably  the  lead- 
ing lawyers.  They  were  engaged  proba- 
bly in  more  than  one  half  of  the  cases 
which  were  tried  and  were  always  upon 


opposite  sides.  Hamilton  came  later,  six 
years  afterwards  to  be  upon  the  Bench. 
There  was  also  Charles  Smith,  who  was  to 
succeed  Hamilton;  Bowie,  of  York,  and 
Shippen,  of  Lancaster,  with  their  queues 
and  Continental  knee  breeches,  and  the 
Duncan  brothers,  James  and  Samuel,  and 
Thomas  Creigh,  all  of  them  engaged  in 
active  practice  at  our  bar  in  the  beginning 
of  the  century.  At  this  time  the  lawyers 
still  traveled  upon  the  circuit,  and  circuit 
courts  were  held  also,  as  will  be  seen  by 
the  following  entry:  "Circuit  Court  held  at 
Carlisle  for  the  County  of  Cumberland, 
this  4th  day  of  May,  1801,  before  Hon. 
Jasper  Yeates  and  Hon.  Hugh  Henry 
Brackenridge,  justices  of  the  Supreme 
Court. 

The  most  important  admission  to  the  bar 
under  Henry  was  that  of  John  Bannister 
Gibson,  who  was  to  become  afterwards 
Chief  Justice  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  ad- 
mitted on  motion  of  his  instructor,  Thomas 
Duncan,  Esq.,  at  the  March  term  1S03,  hav- 
ing studied  law  under  his  direction  for  the 
space  of  two  years  after  having  arrived  at 
the  age  of  twenty-one.  Ralph  Bowie,  Chas. 
Smith  and  William  Brown  were  his  com- 
mittee of  examination.  Gibson  was  then 
aged  23,  having  been  born  on  November  8th, 
1780.  He  was  graduated  from  Dickinson 
College  in  the  class  of  1798.  From  1805  to 
18 12  he  seems  to  have  had  a  fair  legal  prac- 
tice in  Cumberland  county,  particularly 
when  we  consider  that  the  field  was  then 
"occupied  by  such  men  as  Duncan,  Watts, 
Bowie,  of  York,  and  Smith  of  Lancaster, 
who,  at  the  time  of  which  we  speak,  had  but 
few  equals  in  the  State."*  His  reputation, 
however,  at  this  period,  was  not  that  of  dili- 
gence in  his  profession,  and  it  is  probable 
that  at  this  time  he  had  no  great  liking  for 
it.     In  1810  he  was  elected  by  the  Demo- 


Porter's  Essay  on  Gibson. 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


cratic  party  of  Cumberland  county  to  the 
House  of  Representatives,  and,  upon  the 
expiration  of  his  term,  in  1812,  he  was 
appointed  President  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Common  Pleas  for  the  Eleventh  Judicial 
District,  composed  of  the  counties  of  Tio- 
ga, Bradford,  Susquehanna  and  Luzerne. 
Upon  the  death  of  Judge  Brackenridge  in 
1816  Judge  Gibson  was  appointed  by  Gov- 
ernor Snyder,  Associate  Justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court,  where,  if  Tilghman  was  the 
Nestor,  Gibson  became  the  Ulysses  of  the 
Bench.  This  appointment  seems  to  have 
awakened  his  intellect  and  stimulated  his 
ambition.  He  became  more  devoted  to 
study  and  seems  to  have  resolved  to  make 
himself  master  of  law  as  a  science.  Coke, 
particularly,  seems  to  have  been  his  favor- 
ite author,  and  his  quaint,  forcible  and 
condensed  style,  together  with  the  sever- 
ity of  his  logic,  seem  to  have  had  no  small 
influence  in  the  development  of  Gibson's 
mind,  and  in  implanting  there  the  seeds  of 
that  love  for  the  English  Common  Law 
which  was  afterwards  everywhere  so  con- 
spicuous in  his  writings. 

Upon  the  death  of  Judge  Tilghman,  Gib- 
son was  appointed  his  successor  as  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, commissioned  i8th  of  May,  1827. 
From  this  time  forward,  says  Col.  A.  Por- 
ter, in  his  admirable  essay,  the  gradual  and 
uniform  progress  of  his  mind  may  be  traced 
in  his  opinions  with  a  certainty  and  satis- 
faction which  are  perhaps  not  ofifered  in 
the  case  of  any  other  judge  known  to  our 
annals.  His  original  style,  compared  to 
that  in  which  he  now  began  to  write,  was 
like  the  sinews  of  a  growing  lad  compared 
to  the  well  knit  muscles  of  a  man.  No  one 
who  has  carefully  studied  his  opinions  can 
have  failed  to  remark  the  increased  power 
and  pith  which  distinguished  them  from 
this  time  forward."  In  the  language  of 
Hon.  Thaddeus  Stevens,  "be  lived  to  an 


advanced  age,  his  knowledge  increasing 
with  increasing  years,  while  his  great  intel- 
lect remained  unimpaired." 

His    opinions   were   among   the   earliest 
American  decisions  to  be    recognized    in 
the  courts  of  Westminster,  England.  It  has 
been  said  of  them  that  they  can  be  "picked 
out  from  others  like  gold  coin  from  among 
copper."     He  was  for  more  than  half  of  a 
long  life  an  associate  or  chief  justice  upon 
the  bench,  and  his  opinions  extend  through 
no  less  than  seventy  volumes  of  our  re- 
ports,* an  imperishable  monument  to  his 
Lancaster.     He  removed    to    Philadelphia, 
1853  in  the  seventy-third  year  of  his  age. 
Upon  the  marble  monument  erected  over 
his  remains  in  the  grave-yard  at  Carlisle  is 
the  following  beautiful  inscription  from  the 
pen  of  the  late  Hon.  Jeremiah  S.  Black: 
In  the  various  knowledge 
Which  forms  the  perfect  SCHOLAR 
He  had  no  superior. 
Independent,  upright  and  able. 
He  had  all  the  highest  qualities  of  a  great 
JUDGE. 
In  the  difficult  science  of  Jurisprudence, 
He  mastered  every  Department, 
Discussed  almost  every  question,  and 
Touched    no    subject    which    he    did    not 
adorn. 
He  won  in  early  manhood 
And  retained  to  the  close  of  a  long  life 
The    AFFECTION    of    his    brethren    on    the 
Bench, 
The  RESPECT  of  the  Bar 
And  the  confidence  of  the  people. 
Judge  Gibson  was  a  man  of  large  propor- 
tions, a  giant  both  in  physique  and  intel- 
lect.    He  was  considerably  over  six  feet  in 
height,  with  a  muscular,  well  proportioned 
frame,   indicative  of  strength  and   energy, 
and  a  countenance  expressing  strong  char- 
acter and  manly  beauty.     "His  face,"  says 


*  From  2  Sargeant  &  Rawle  to  7  Harris. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


97 


David  Paul  Brown,*  "was  full  of  intel- 
lect, sprightliness  and  benevolence,  and,  of 
course,  eminently  handsome;  his  manners 
were  remarkable  for  their  simplicity, 
warmth,  frankness  and  generosity.  There 
never  was  a  man  more  free  from  affectation 
or  pretension  of  every  sort."  "Until  the  day 
of  his  death,"  says  Porter,  "although  his 
bearing  was  mild  and  vmostentatious,  so 
striking  was  his  personal  appearance  that 
few  persons  to  whom  he  was  unknown, 
could  have  passed  him  by  in  the  street 
without  remark." 

Of  his  wide  learning,  in  language  and 
literature,  and  in  other  sciences  than  law, 
we  have  not  space  to  speak,  and  we  must 
refer  the  reader  to  the  able  tributes  of  men 
like  Judge  Black  and  Thaddeus  Stevens 
and  to  the  more  lengthy  biographical  no- 
tices of  this  great  judge,  of  whom,  as  yet, 
no  sufficient  biography  exists. 

Alas!  said  the  brilliant  Rufus  Choate,  re- 
alizing the  evanescent  character  of  a  law- 
yer's fame,  "there  is  no  immortality,  but  a 
book."  But  the  learned  Grotius,  who  had 
written  many  books  seeing  still  deeper,  that 
fame  was  but  a  postponed  oblivion,  ex- 
claimed when  dying,  "Behold,  I  have  con- 
sumed my  life  with  laborious  trifling."  He 
had  not  done  so,  nor  did  Gibson,  whose 
auto-biography  at  least  is  clearly  written  in 
the  history  of  the  growth  and  development 
of  the  Common  Law  in  Pennsylvania. 

Others  admitted  under  Judge  Henry 
were — George  Metzger,  born  1782,  gradu- 
ated at  Dickinson  College  1798;  read  law 
with  David  Watts  and  was  admitted  March 
1805.  He  served  as  prosecuting  attorney 
and  as  member  of  Legislature  in  18 13-14. 
He  died  in  CarHsle  June  loth,  1879.  He 
was  the  founder  of  Metzger  Female  Col- 
lege. Andrew  Carothers,  born  in  Cumber- 
land county,  about  1778;    read    law    with 

**  The  Forum, 


David  Watts;  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1805. 
Among  his  pupils  were  the  late  Hon.  Fred- 
erick Watts  and  Hon.  James  H.  Graham. 
"He  became,"  says  Judge  Watts,  "an  ex- 
cellent practical  and  learned  lawyer,  and 
very  soon  took  a  high  place  at  the  bar  of 
Cumberland  county,  which  at  that  time 
ranked  amongst  its  members  some  of  the 
best  lawyers  of  the  State.  Watts,  Duncan, 
Alexander  and  iMahan  were  at  diiiferent 
times  his  competitors,  and  amongst  these 
he  acquired  a  large  and  lucrative  practice, 
which  continued  through  his  whole  life. 
Mr.  Carothers  was  remarkable  for  his  ami- 
ability of  temper,  his  purity  of  character, 
his  unlimited  disposition  of  charity  and  his 
love  of  justice."  Fie  died  July  26th,  1836, 
aged  58  years. 

James  Hamilton,  the  fourth  judge  under 
the  constitution,  appears  upon  the  bench  in 
1806.  He  was  an  Irishman  by  birth,  who 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  his  native  coun- 
try, and  emigrated  to  America  before  the 
Revolution.  He  was  well  educated,  large, 
very  fat,  ver}'  eccentric,  very  social,  very 
dignified  as  a  judge  and  very  indififerent  as 
to  his  personal  appearance.  He  was"  con- 
sidered an  excellent  lawyer  and  tolerable 
speaker. 

"Judge  Hamikon,"  says  Brackenridge  in 
his  Recollections,  "was  a  learned  and  ele- 
gant lawyer,  remarkably  slow  and  impres- 
sive, and  in  his  charges  to  the  jury  too 
minute.  *  *  He  had  received  his  edu- 
cation in  Dublin.  Among  the  younger 
members  of  the  bar,"  continues  he,  "Mr. 
Gibson,  now  Chief  Justice  of  the  State,  v,'as 
the  most  conspicuous.  He  even  then  had 
a  high  reputation  for  the  clearness  of  his 
judgment  and  the  superiority  of  his  taste." 

Hamilton  was  admitted  in  1781,  had  held 
the  office  of  Deputy  Attorney  General  at 
the  bar,  and  was  appointed  by  Governor 
Snyder  to  the  bench  in  1806,  in  which  posi- 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


tion  he  continued  until  his  death  in  1819, 
aged  JJ  years. 

He  was  in  the  habit  of  having  the  tip- 
staves attend  him  when  he  walked  from  his 
residence  to  the  court.  Watts  and  Duncan 
were  still  leaders  of  the  bar  under  Hamil- 
ton. Watts  came  to  the  bar  somewhat 
later  than  Duncan,  but  both  had  been  ad- 
mitted, and  the  latter  had  practiced,  under 
the  justices  prior  to  the  Constitution;  but 
from  that  time  (1790)  both  were  leaders  of 
the  bar  under  the  first  five  judges  who  pre- 
sided after  the  Constitution,  until  the  ap- 
pointment of  Duncan  to  the  Supreme 
Bench  in  1817.  David  Watts  died  two 
years  after. 

There  is  a  legend  to  the  effect  that  a  cer- 
tain act,  which  can  be  found  in  the  Pamph- 
let Laws  of  Pennsylvania,  (1810,  p. 136)  for- 
bidding the  citation  of  English  precedents 
subsequent  to  1776,  was  passed  at  the  insti- 
gation of  Judge  Hamilton  in  order  to  get 
rid  of  the  nuiltitudinous  authorities  with 
which  Mr.  Duncan  was  wont  to  confess  his 
judgment. 

Among  the  prominent  attorneys  who 
practiced  for  many  years  at  our  bar,  who 
were  admitted  under  Hamilton,  was  Isaac 
Brown  Parker,  March  1806,  on  motion  of 
Charles  Smith,  Esq.  Mr.  Parker  had  read 
law  under  James  Hamilton  just  previous 
to  the  time  of  his  appointment  to  the  bench. 
His  committee  were  Ralph  Bowie,  Charles 
Smith  and  James  Duncan,  Esqs.  He  was 
a  gentleman  of  wealth  and  refinement  and 
a  prominent  lawyer  of  his  day.  Alexander 
Mahan,  who  had  graduated  at  Dickinson 
College  (1805)  and  who  had  read  law  under 
Thomas  Duncan,  was  admitted  August 
1808,  Gibson,  the  elder  Watts  and  Car- 
others  being  his  committee.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  Perry  county  bar  in  1 821,  and 
was,  says  Judge  Junkin,  "a  man  of  great 
oratorical  power,"*  Hon.  William  Ramsey 

*  Sketch  of  Perry  County  Bar,  by  Hon.  B.  F. 
Junkin. 


was  admitted  same  date.  He  was  Prothono- 
tary  for  many  years  and  a  prominent  Dem- 
ocrat politician,  (from  1827  to  1831)  in  the 
latter  year  of  which  he  died.  He  began 
practice  at  the  bar  in  1827. 

James  Hamilton,  Jr.,  born  in  Carlisle 
October  16,  1793;  graduated  from  Dickin- 
son College  in  1812,  read  law  under  Isaac 
B.  Parker,  was  admitted  while  his  father 
was  upon  the  bench,  (April  1816).  Being  in 
affluent  circumstances  he  practiced  but  lit- 
tle at  the  bar,  and  died  June  23,  1873. 

John  Williamson,  brother-in-law  of  Hon. 
Samuel  Plepburn,  with  whom  he  was  for  a 
long  time  associated,  born  in  this  county 
Sept.  14,  1789,  graduated  from  Dickinson 
College  (1809),  read  law  under  Martin 
Luther  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  (the  "Federal 
bull  dog"  and  counsel  of  Aaron  Burr)  and 
was  admitted  to  this  bar  in  August  181 1.  He 
was  a  very  learned  lawyer  as  a  counselor. 
He  died  in  Philadelphia  September  10, 
1870. 

John  Duncan  Mahan,  who  was  admitted 
under  Hamilton  in  April  1817,  was  born  in 
1814,  and  read  law  under  the  instruction 
of  his  uncle,  Thomas  Duncan.  He  became 
a  leader  of  the  Carlisle  Bar  at  a  brilliant 
period,  until,  in  1833,  he  removed  to  Pitts- 
burg and  became  a  prominent  member  of 
the  bar  of  that  city,  where  he  died  July 
3,  1861.  He  was  a  man  of  rare  endow- 
ments. "He  had"  says  Judge  McClure,  of 
Pittsburg,  "the  gift,  the  power  and  the 
grace  of  the  orator,  and  in  addressing  the 
passions,  the  sympathies  and  the  peculiari- 
ties of  men  he  seldom  made  mistakes.  His 
every  gesture  was  graceful,  his  style  of  elo- 
quence was  the  proper  word  in  the  proper 
place  for  the  occasion,  and  his  voice  was 
music."  He  was  affable  in  temper,  bril- 
liant in  conversation,  and  was  among  the 
leaders  of  our  bar  under  Hamilton,  Smith 
and  Reed,  at  a  time  when    it    had    strong 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


men  by  whom  his  strength  was  tested  and 
his  talents  tried.* 

An  unknown  writer  speaking  of  his  re- 
miniscences of  the  bar  at  about  this  period 
says,  "John  D.  Mahan  was  its  bright  parti- 
cular star,  young,  graceful,  eloquent,  and 
with  a  jury  irrisistable.  Equal  to  him  in 
general  ability,  and  superior,  perhaps,  in  le- 
gal acumen,  was  his  contemporary  and  ri- 
val, Samuel  Alexander.  Then  there  was 
the  vehement  Andrew  Carothers,  and 
young  Frederick  Watts,  just  admitted  in 
time  to  reap  the  advantages  of  his  father's 
reputation  and  create  an  enduring  one  of 
his  own.  And  George  Metzger,  with  his 
treble  voice  and  hand  on  his  side,  amusing 
the  court  and  spectators  with  his  not  over- 
ly delicate  facetiae.  And  there  was  William 
Ramsey,  with  his  queue,  a  man  of  many 
clients  arrd  the  sine  qua  non  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party." 

Hon.  Charles  Smith  was  appointed  to 
succeed  Hamilton  as  the  fifth  President 
Judge  of  our  Judicial  District  in  the  year 
1819.  He  was  born  at  Philadelphia  March 
4>  1 765.'  graduated  at  first  commencement 
of  Washington  College,  Md.,  of  which  his 
father  was  founder  and  provost.  He  read 
law  with  his  brother,  Wm.  Moore  Smith, 
at  Easton,  Pa.  He  was  a  colleague  of 
Simon  Snyder  in  the  convention  which 
framed  the  first  Constitution  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  was  a  distinguished  member  of 
that  talented  body  of  men.  Although  dif- 
fering from  Mr.  Snyder  in  politics,  they 
were,  for  more  than  thirty  years,  firm 
friends,  and  when  Snyder  became  Gover- 
nor of  the  State  for  three  successive  terms, 
Mr.  Smith  was  the  confidential  advisor  in 
many  important  matters.  Mr.  Smith  mar- 
ried in  1719,  a  daughter  of  Jasper  Yeates, 
one  of  the  Supreme  Court  judges  of  the 

*  For  full  tribute  of  Judge  McClure  see  earlier 
history  of  the  Bar,  by  Bennett  Bellman  in  Dr. 
Wing's  History  of  Cumberland  County. 


State.  In  the  circuit  he  was  associated 
with  such  men  as  Duncan,  the  elder  Watts, 
Charles  Hall,  John  Woods,  James  Hamil- 
ton and  a  host  of  luminaries  of  the  Middle 
Bar.  He  was  a  great  land  lawyer  and  in 
trials  of  ejectment  at  the  bar  (then  of  fre- 
quent occurrence)  his  learning  was  best 
displayed.  He  is  the  author  of  the  book 
known  as  "Smith's  Laws  of  Pennsylvania," 
where  the  land  law  of  the  State  was  ex- 
haustively treated.  When  appointed  judge 
in  1819,  this  district  was  composed  of  the 
counties  of  Cumberland  and  Franklin. 
Judge  Smith  shortly  afterwards  became  the 
first  presiding  judge  of  the  District  Court  at 
Lancaster.  He  removed  to  Philadelphia, 
where  he  died  in  1841,  aged  75  years. 

Hon.  John  Reed,  LL.  D.,  appears  upon 
the  Bench  in  1820.  He  was  born  in  York, 
now  Adams  county,  in  1786,  read  law  un- 
der Wm.  Maxwell,  of  Gettysburg,  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  and  practiced  for  some 
years  in  Westmoreland  county.  In  1815 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  and  on 
July  loth,  1820,  was  commissioned  by  Gov- 
ernor Finley,  President  Judge  of  the  Ninth 
Judicial  District,  then  composed  of  the 
counties  of  Cumberland,  Adams  and  Perry. 
When  in  1838,  by  a  change  in  the  Consti- 
tution, his  commission  expired,  he  re- 
sumed his  practice  at  the  bar,  and  contin- 
ued it  until  his  death,  which  occurred  at 
Carlisle,  January  19th,  1850.  In  1839  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  Washington  College,  Pa.  In 
1833  the  new  board  of  trustees  of  Dickin- 
son College  established  a  professorship  of 
law,  and  Judge  Reed  was  elected  to  fill 
that  department.  Many  who  graduated 
at  the  Law  School  then  formed,  became 
eminent  afterwards  and  occupied  high  po- 
litical and  judicial  positions.  Judge  Reed, 
we  may  mention,  was  the  author  of  three 
volumes  known  as  the  Pennsylvania 
Blackstone. 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


At  this  period  the  Bar  was  particularly 
strong.  The  Elder  Watts  was  dead  and 
Duncan  was  upon  the  Supreme  Bench. 
But  among  the  practitioners  of  that  day 
were  such  men  as  Carothers,  Alexander, 
Mahan,  Ramsey,  Williamson,  Metzger, 
William  M.  Biddle  and  Isaac  Brown 
Parker;  while  among  those  admitted  under 
liim  who  were  afterwards  to  attain  emi- 
nence on  the  bench  or  at  the  bar,  were 
such  men  as  Charles  B.  Penrose,  Hugh 
Gaullagher,  Frederick  Watts,  Wm.  M. 
Biddle,  James  H.  Graham,  Samuel  Hep- 
burn, William  Sterrett  Ramsey,  S.  Dunlap 
Adair  and  John  Brown  Parker,  a  galaxy  of 
names  which  has  not  since  been  equaled. 

Gen.  Samuel  Alexander  was  born  in  Car- 
lisle September  20,  1792;  graduated  from 
Dickinson  College  (1812),  read  law  at 
Grcensburg,  with  his  brother,  Maj.  John 
B.  Alexander,  and  became  a  prominent 
lawyer  in  that  part  of  the  State.  He  set- 
tled in  Carlisle  and  began  practice  here  at 
about  1818,  and  soon  acquired  a  prominent 
position.  He  was  a  strong  advocate,  elo- 
quent, with  large  command  of  language 
and  was  a  master  of  invective.  In  this  he 
had  no  equal  at  the  bar,  and  in  the  exami- 
nation of  witnesses  also,  he  had  no  super- 
ior. He  died  in  Carlisle  in  July,  1845  aged 
52  years. 

From  the  late  Hon.  Lemuel  Todd,  who 
was  a  pupil  of  Mr.  Alexander,  we  learned 
that  Mr.  Alexander  was  possessed  of  a  ten- 
acious memory  and  seldom,  forgot  a  case 
which  he  had  once  read.  That  he  was 
possessed  of  great  tact  and  an  intuitive 
quickness  of  perception.  That  in  the  man- 
agement of  a  case  he  was  apt,  watchful  and 
ingenius,  so  that  if  driven  from  one  posi- 
tion he  was,  like  a  skillful  general,  always 
quick  to  seize  another,  and  that,  in  this  re- 
spect, his  talents  only  brightened  amid  diffi- 
culties, and  shone  forth  the  more  resplend- 
ant  as  the  battle  became  more  hopeless. 


Hugh  Gaullagher,  a  practitioner  of  the 
bar  under  Reed,  read  law  with  Hon.  Rich- 
ard Coulter,  of  Greensburg,  and  shortly 
after  his  admission  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  law  at  Carlisle.  This  was  about 
1824,  from  which  time  he  continued  to 
practice  tmtil  about  the  middle  of  the  cen- 
tury. He  died  in  Carlisle,  April  14,  1856. 
He  was  an  Irishman  by  birth,  eccentric, 
long  limbed,  awkward  in  his  gait,  and  in 
his  delivery  had  the  Irish  brogue,  but  he 
was  popular,  affable,  instructive  in  conver- 
sation, and  well  read,  particularly  in  his- 
tory and  in  the  elements  of  his  profession. 
He  possessed  inherent  humor  and  a  line  of 
fun,  had  a  large  circle  of  friends,  and  was 
among  the  number  of  the  old  lawyers  who 
were  fond  of  a  dinner  and  a  song.  He 
was  strong  as  a  counselor,  fond  of  the  old 
cases,  and  would  rather  quote  an  opinion 
by  m»y  Lord  Hale  or  Mansfield  than  the 
latest  delivered  by  our  courts  Governor 
Porter  at  one  time  thought  very  seriously 
of  appointing  him  judge  of  this  district, 
but  was  deterred  from  so  doing  on  account 
of  his  nationality.  This  has  been  told  to 
the  writer  by  one  to  whom  Governor  Por- 
ter himself  communicated  the  fact. 

Hon.  Charles  B.  Penrose,  born  near 
Philadelphia,  October  6th,  1798,  read  law 
with  Samuel  Ewing,  of  Philadelphia,  and 
immediately  moved  to  Carlisle.  He  soon 
acquired  a  prominent  position  at  the  bar. 
He  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1833 
and  on  the  expiration  of  his  term  was  re- 
elected. He  soon  achieved  distinction 
among  the  men  of  ability  who  were  then 
chosen  to  fill  this  office.  In  1841  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Harrison  solicitor 
of  the  treasury,  which  position  he  held  un- 
til the  close  of  President  Tyler's  adminis- 
tration. After  practicing  in  Carlisle  he 
settled  in  Lancaster,  then  in  Philadelphia, 
successfully  pursuing  his  profession,  and, 
in  1856,  was  again  elected  as  a  reform  can- 


NllSrETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


didate,  to  the  State  Senate,  during  which 
term  he  died  of  pneumonia  at  Harrisburg, 
April  6th,  1857.  In  appearance  Mr.  Pen- 
rose was  sHghtly  above  the  medium  height, 
with  white  hair  and  a  fine  intellectual  cast 
of  countenance.  In  his  character  he  was 
unselfish,  benevolent,  and  earnest  in  what- 
ever he  undertook  to  accomplish;  his  man- 
ners polished  and  courteous,  and  in  short, 
those  of  a  gentleman. 

William  M.  Biddle  was  another  brilliant 
practitioner  who  was  admitted  under  Reed. 
He  was  born  in  Philadelphia  July  3,  1801. 
He  was  a  great-great-grandson  of  Nicholas 
Scull,  Surveyor  General  of  the  Province  of 
Pennsylvania  from  1748  to  1761,  who,  by 
direction  of  Governor  Hamilton  laid  out 
the  town  of  Carlisle  in  1753.  His  father, 
William  Biddle,  was  a  first  cousin  to 
Nicholas  Biddle,  the  celebrated  financier. 
William  M.  Biddle  read  law  in  Reading 
with  his  brother-in-law,  Samuel  Baird, 
Esq.,  and  shortly  after  his  admission  to 
the  bar,  in  1826,  he  moved  to  Carlisle, 
where  another  brother-in-law,  Charles  B. 
Penrose,  who  had  recently  opened  a  law 
office  there  and  was  then  rising  into  a  good 
practice,  resided.  Mr.  Biddle  soon  ac- 
quired a  large  practice  and  took  a  high 
position  at  the  bar,  which  he  retained  until 
his  death — a  period  of  nearly  thirty  years. 
He  died  in  Philadelphia  February  28th, 
1855.  He  was  not  only  a  genial  gentleman, 
and  able  lawyer,  but  was  endowed  with  a 
large  fund  of  wit,  which  combined  with  his 
high  moral  and  intellectual  qualities  made 
him  a  leader  at  the  bar  at  a  time  when 
many  brilliant  men  were  among  its  mem- 
bers. 

Hon.  Charles  McClure  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  under  Reed  in  1826.  He  was  born 
in  Carlisle,  graduated  from  Dickinson  Col- 
lege and  afterwards  became  a  member  of 
Congress,  and  still  later,  1843-45,  Secre- 
tary of  State  of  Pennsylvania.     He  was  a 


son-in-law  of  Chief  Justice  Gibson.  He 
did  not  practice  extensively  at  the  bar.  He 
removed  to  Pittsburg,  where  he  died  in 
1846. 

Hon.  William  Sterrett  Ramsey  was  one 
of  the  most  promising  practitioners  ad- 
mitted under  Reed.  He  was  born  in  Car- 
Hsle  June  i6th,  1810.  He  went  to  Dickin- 
son College  arid  in  1829  was  sent  to  Europe 
to  complete  his  education,  and  to  repair, 
by  change  of  scene,  an  already  debilitated 
constitution.  In  the  same  year  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  our  minister  to  St.  James  (Hon- 
LewisMcLane),an  attache  to  the  American 
Legation.  He  visited  Sir  Walter  Scott  at 
Abbottsford  to  whom  he  bore  letters  from 
Washington  Irving. 

After  the  Revolution  of  the  three  days, 
July  1830,  he  was  sent  with  dispatches  to 
France,  and  spent  much  of  his  time,  while 
there,  in  the  hotel  of  General  Lafayette,  and 
in  his  saloons  met  many  of  the  celebrated 
men  of  that  period.  In  1831  he  returned  to 
Carlisle  and  began  the  study  of  law  under 
his  father,  William  Ramsey.  He  continued 
his  studies  under  Andrew  Carothers,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1833,  and  in  1838 
was  elected  as  a  Democrat  to  Congress  and 
at  the  expiration  of  his  term  was  re-elected. 
He  was  at  the  time  the  youngest  member 
of  Congress  in  the  House.  He  died,  be- 
fore being  qualified  a  second  time,  b)'  his 
own  hand,  in  Barnum's  Hotel,  Baltimore, 
Md.,  October  22d,  1840,  aged  only  thirty 
years.  Sic  transit  gloria.  Most  of  the 
above  facts  are  taken  from  an  obituary  no- 
tice supposed  to  have  been  written  by  his 
friend,  James  Buchanan,  later.  President 
of  the  United  States. 

S.  Dunlap  Adair  was  another  of  the  bril- 
liant lawyers  admitted  under  Reed  (in  Jan. 
1835)  and  who  practiced  for.  a  period  of 
fifteen  years.  While  a  youth  he  attended 
the  classical  school  of  Joseph  Casey,  Sr., 
the  father  of  Hon.  Joseph  Casey  (of  Casey 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Report  renown)  at  Newville,  Pa.,  and  was 
among  the  brightest  of  his  pupils.  He  was 
apt  as  a  Latin  scholar  and  later  acquired  a 
knowledge  of  other  (modern)  languages. 
He  was  well  read  in  English  literature.  He 
studied  law  under  Hon.  Frederick  Watts, 
and  soon  after  his  admission  was  appoint- 
ed Deputy  Attorney  General  for  the  county. 
He  was  a  candidate  of  his  party,  when 
Wm.  Ramsey,  the  younger,  was  elected.  In 
stature  below  medium  height,  delicately 
formed,  near-sighted,  he  had  a  chaste,  clear 
style  and  was  a  pleasant  speaker.  He  was, 
with  William  M.  Biddle,  James  H.  Graham 
and  William  M.  McClintock,  of  Philadel- 
phia, counsel  for  Rev.  Dr.  McClintock  in 
the  anti-slavery  riots  which  occurred  in 
Carlisle  in  the  spring  of  1847.  He  died  in 
Carlisle  September  23d,  1850. 

John  Brown  Parker,  Esq.,  son  of  Isaac 
B.  Parker,  is  the  last  whom  we  shall  men- 
tion of  the  practitioners  admitted  under 
Reed.  Born  in  Carlisle,  October  5th,  1816, 
he  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1834;  read  law  with  Hon. 
Frederick  Watts  for  the  period  of  one  year, 
completing  his  course  of  study  in  the  Dick- 
inson College  law  school  vmder  Judge 
Reed,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  April 
1838.  He  was  for  some  years  associated  in 
practice  with  his  preceptor,  Judge  Watts. 
His  large  means  rendered  the  practice  of 
law  unnecessary  and  he  retired  about  1865 
and  moved  to  Philadelphia  where  he  re- 
sided for  some  years.  He  died  in  Carlisle, 
where  he  had  again  made  his  home,  in  the 
summer  of  1888.  A  thorough  gentleman 
and  a  fine  classical  (and  particularly  Hora- 
cean)  scholar  he  is  still  remembered  by  the 
older  members  of  the  bar  as  one  who  was 
equally  distinguished  for  his  uniform  cour- 
tesy, gentlemanly  urbanity  and  unpreten- 
tious but  real  literary  attainments. 

During  the  time  when  Judge  Reed  was 
upon  the  bench,  Hon.  John  Kennedy,  who 


had  studied  law  under  the  Elder  Hamilton 
and  had  been  admitted  under  Riddle  in 
1798,  was  appointed  to  the  bench  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  in  1830.  He  was  born  in 
Cumberland  county  in  June  1774;  gradu- 
ated from  Dickinson  College  in  1795,  and 
after  his  admission  to  this  bar  moved  to  a 
northern  district  where  he  became  the  com- 
peer of  men  like  James  Ross,  John  Lyon, 
Parker  Campbell,  and  others  scarcely  less 
distinguished.  He  remained  upon  the 
bench  until  his  death,  August  26th,  1846. 
He  was  buried  in  the  old  grave-yard  at 
Carlisle. 

Among  those  who  did  not  practice  at  all 
or  for  any  length  of  time  at  the  Carlisle 
bar,  who  were  admitted  under  Reed,  but 
who  attained  to  eminence  elsewhere  were 
Hon.  Wm.  B.  McClure,  of  Carlisle,  who  be- 
came judge  of  the  common  pleas  and  court 
of  quarter  sessions  at  Pittsburg,  from  1850 
to  1861,  in  which  latter  year  he  died;  An- 
drew Galbreath  Miller,  LL.  D.,  a  student 
of  Carothers,  appointed  by  President  Van 
Buren,  judge  in  the  territory  of  Wisconsin 
and  afterwards  by  President  Polk,  a  United 
States  judge  of  that  State;  Benjamin  Mc- 
Intyre,  of  Bloomfield,  who  read  with  Chas. 
B.  Penrose;  Samuel  McCroskey,  who  turn- 
ing to  theology,  became  Bishop  of  Michi- 
gan; Hon.  Henry  M.  Watts,  afterwards  of 
Philadelphia,  appointed  by  President 
Johnston,  minister  to  the  court  of  Austria; 
Hon.  Andrew  Parker,  a  pupil  of  Carothers 
who  moved  to  Mififlintown,  and  became  a 
member  of  Congress.  Then  there  was 
Hon.  Charles  McClure,  of  Carlisle,  student 
of  John  D.  Mahan,  who  became  a  member 
of  Congress  and  in  1843-5,  Secretary  of  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania;  Hon.  James  X.  Mc- 
Lanahan,  student  of  Carothers,  who  be- 
came a  member  of  Congress  (1849-53);  the 
learned  Dr.  Wm.  N.  Nevin,  professor  of 
ancient  languages,  and  late  of  English  lit- 
erature and  Belles  Lettres  in  Franklin  and 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


103 


Marshall  college.  Lemuel  G.  Branden- 
berry,  who  practiced  here  for  a  time,  bvit 
was  appointed  by  President  Taylor  one  of 
the  first  territorial  judges  of  Utah;  Hon. 
John  P.  Hobert  (examined  and  admitted 
August  10,  1836,)  who  was  auditor  general 
under  Governor  Ritner;  Hon.  Andrew  G. 
Curtin,  (examined  by  Williamson,  Gaul- 
lagher  and  James  H.  Graham)  who  was  war 
governor  of  Pennsylvania;  Rev.  Dr.  Alfred 
Nevin,  LL.  D.,  (same  date  and  committee 
as  Curtin,  Jan.  1847);  the  venerable  Hon- 
Francis  W.  Hughs,  Secretary  of  the  Com- 
monwealth under  Gov.  Bigler,  (still  within 
the  recollection  of  the  writer  wearing  his 
white  hair  in  a  powdered  queue) ;  Hon. 
Joseph  Casey,  who  read  law  with  Lemuel 
G.  Brandenberry,  and  who  became  a  mem- 
ber of  Congress,  (1849-51),  chief  justice  of 
of  the  court  of  claims  at  Washington,  and 
reporter  of  the  Supreme  court  of  Pennsyl- 
vania (1855-60),  in  the  volumes  which  bear 
his  name. 

Hon.  Samuel  Hepburn,  the  seventh  Pres- 
ident-Judge, was  the  successor  of  Judge 
Reed,  and  first  appeared  upon  the  bench  in 
April  1839.  He  was  born  in  1807  in  Wil- 
liamsport,  Pa.,  at  which  place  he  began  the 
study  of  law  under  James  Armstrong,  who 
was  afterwards  a  Judge  on  the  Supreme 
Bench.  He  completed  his  legal  studies  at 
Dickinson  College  under  Reed,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  Cumberland  county 
in  November  1834.  He  was  appointed  ad- 
junct professor  of  law  in  the  law  school  un- 
der Judge  Reed,  and  before  he  had  been  at 
the  bar  five  years  he  was  appointed  by 
Governor  Porter  President  Judge  of  the 
Ninth  Judicial  District,  then  embracing 
Cumberland,  Perry  and  Juniata.  He  was 
at  this  time  the  youngest  judge  in  Penn- 
sylvania, to  whom  a  President  Judge's 
commission  had  been  ever  oflfered.  Among 
important  cases  the  McClintock  trial  took 
place  while  he  was  upon  the  bench.    After 


the  expiration  of  his  term  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  law  in  Carlisle,  where  he  still 
resides.  The  degree  of  LL.  D.  was  con- 
ferred upon  him  by  Washington  College, 
Pa. 

The  most  prominent  practitioners  ad- 
mitted under  Judge  Hepburn  were  J.  Ellis 
Bonham,  Lemuel  Todd,  Wm.  H.  Miller, 
Benjamin  F.Junkin.Wm.  Penrose.  Of  these 
J.  Ellis  Bonham  was  born  in  Hunterdon 
Co.,  N.  J.,  March  31st  1816;  was  graduated 
from  Jeflferson  College,  Pa.;  studied  law  at 
Dickinson  College  under  Reed,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  August  1839.  He 
was  soon  appointed  Deputy  Attorney  Gen- 
eral of  the  county — a  position  which  he 
filled  with  conspicuous  ability.  His  legal, 
literary  and  political  reading  and  attain- 
ments were  extensive.  Lii85ihe  was  elected 
to  the  Legislature,  and  during  his  term  was 
the  acknowledged  leader  of  the  House  as 
Hon.  Charles  R.  Buckalew  was  of  the  Sen- 
ate. After  the  expiration  of  his  term  he 
was  nominated  for  Congress  and  although 
he  was  in  a  district  largely  Democratic, 
eminently  fitted  for  the  position  and  had 
himself,  great  influence  in  the  political  or- 
ganization to  which  he  belonged,  he  was 
defeated  by  the  sudden  birth  of  the  Know- 
Nothing  party.  He  died  shortly  after,  of 
congestion  of  the  lungs,  March  19th,  1855, 
before  his  talents  had  reached  their  prime, 
after  having  been  at  the  bar  for  fifteen 
years,  and  before  he  had  attained  the  age 
of  forty. 

In  appearance  Mr.  Bonham  was  rather 
under  than  above  the  medium  height.  He 
was  of  nervous,  sanguine  temperament 
with  a  countenance  that  was  scholarly 
and  refined.  As  an  advocate  he  was 
eminently  a  graceful  and  polished  speaker, 
attractive  in  his  manner,  with  a  poetic 
imagination  and  chaste  and  polished  dic- 
tion. 

Hon.  Lemuel  Todd  was  born  at  Carlisle 


104 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


July  29tfi,  1817;  was  graduated  from  Dick- 
inson College  in  the  class  of  1839;  read  law 
under  General  Samuel  Alexander  and  was 
admitted  to  practice  in  August,  1841.  He 
was  a  partner  of  General  Alexander  until 
the  time  of  his  death  in  1843.  He  was 
elected  to  Congress  from  the  Eighteenth 
District  on  the  Know-Nothing  ticket  as 
against  J.  Ellis  Bonham  on  the  Demo- 
cratic, in  1854,  and  was  elected  Congress- 
man-at-Large  in  1875.  He  was  chairman 
of  the  first  State  Committee  of  the  Know- 
Nothing  party  in  1855-56  and  delegate  to 
its  first  and  only  National  Convention  in 
February  1856.  In  this  year  he  presided 
over  the  Union  State  Convention  (not  yet 
known  as  "Republican")  and  in  the  suc- 
ceeding year  was  chairman  of  the  first  Re- 
publican State  Committee.  He  ran  as  a 
candidate  for  Governor  in  1857,  being  sec- 
ond on  the  list  of  13  candidates,  David 
Wilmot  being  nominated.  He  ran  as  a 
candidate  again  in  i860  but  withdrew  in 
favor  of  Andrew  G.  Curtin.  He  was  tem- 
porary chairman  of  the  State  Convention 
at  Harrisburg  in  1883,  and  had  presided 
over  the  State  Conventions  of  the  Republi- 
can party  that  nominated  David  Wilmot 
for  Governor,  at  Harrisburg;  at  Pittsburg 
that  nominated  Gov.  Curtin  and  at  Phila- 
delphia that  advocated  for  President,  Gen. 
Grant.  He  practiced  continuously  at  the 
bar  except  for  a  period  during  the  late  war, 
a  portion  of  which  time  he  acted  as  in- 
spector general  of  Pennsylvania  troops  un- 
der Governor  Curtin.  He  died  in  Carlisle 
May  nth,  1891.  General  Todd  was  a  fear- 
less and  eloquent  advocate,  and  as  an  ora- 
tor he  was  in  his  prime  and  later  years  a 
peerless  leader  of  the  bar,  whether  in  the 
court,  upon  the  stump  or  before  some  pub- 
lic convention  or  assembly. 

William  H.  Miller,  who  for  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  century  was  an  active  practi- 
tioner, was  a  student  of  Judge  Reed  and 


was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  August  1832. 
As  a  lawyer  he  was  studious,  deliberate  and 
dignified,  cool  and  self-possessed,  who  suc- 
ceeded in  winning  a  large  practice  and  an 
honorable  position  at  the  bar.  He  died  in 
Carlisle  in  June  1877. 

William  McFunn  Penrose,  (admitted  un- 
der Judge  Hepburn)  was  born  in  Carlisle 
March  29th,  1845;  was  graduated  from 
Dickinson  College  in  1844  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  November  of  the  fol- 
lowing year.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of 
Hon.  Charles  B.  Penrose.  As  a  lawyer  he 
was  eminently  successful,  learned, quick  and 
accurate  in  his  perceptions,  urgent  in  argu- 
ment, terse  in  expression — he  had  a  keen 
perception  of  the  distinctions  in  the  cases 
and  of  the  principles  which  underlie  them, 
and  in  all  questions  of  practice  he  was  par- 
ticularly at  home.  He  served  for  a  time 
as  Colonel  of  the  Sixth  Regiment  in  the 
Rebellion.    He  died  September  2d,  1872. 

Alexander  Brady  Sharpe,  born  in  Cum- 
berland county,  August  12th,  1827,  gradu- 
ated with  honor  at  Jefferson  College,  Pa., 
in  1846,  read  law  with  Robert  M.  Bard,  of 
Chambersburg,  and  subsequently  with 
Hon.  Frederick  Watts,  of  Carlisle,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  November  1848. 
During  the  late  war  he  served  upon  the 
staf?  of  General  Ord,  and  was  one  of  the 
seven  officers  of  the  Loyal  Legion  who  re- 
ceived promotion  for  specific  services  in  the 
field.  As  a  lawyer  he  was  of  sterling  inte- 
grity; as  an  advocate  strong,  dignified  and 
eloquent.  But  he  was  pre-eminently  a 
scholar,  familiar  with  the  best  literature  of 
England,  of  Rome  and  (which  he  liked 
best)  of  Greece.  His  memory  was  great, 
his  reading  broad,  and  his  conversation 
polished,  scholarly  and  interesting.  He 
died  at  his  home  in  Carlisle  on  the  night 
of  December  25th,  1891. 

Under  Judge  Hepburn  those  who  were 
admitted  to  the  bar,  but  who  did  not  prac- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


105 


tice  here,  were  Hon.  Alexander  Ramsey  (of 
Reed  law  school),  examined  by  Gaul- 
lagher,C. B.Penrose  and  Frederick  Watts), 
who  was  a  member  of  Congress  (1843-47) 
and  afterwards  appointed  by  President  Tay- 
lor first  territorial  governor  of  Minnesota; 
elected  its  first  governor  in  1859:  re-elected 
in  1 86 1 ;  later  for  two  terms  United  States 
Senator  (from  1863)  and  later  still  Secretary 
of  War  under  President  Playes;  Hon.  Na- 
than B.  Smithers,  who  was  a  member  of 
Congress  and  Secretary  of  State  for  Dela- 
ware. His  examining  committee  was  the 
same  as  Ramsey's.  Then  there  was  Hon. 
Levi  N.  Mackey,  who  became  a  member 
of  Congress  (1875-79),  Adair,  Gaullagher 
and  Alexander  being  his  comittee  of  ex- 
amination. Hon.  Carroll  Spence  (of  the 
Reed  law  school)  became  minister  to  Tur- 
key under  President  Pierce,  Alexander, 
Gaullagher  and  Bonham  being  his  commit- 
tee. Hon.  James  H.  Campbell,  who  was 
examined  by  Frederick  Watts,  Samuel 
Alexander  and  Wm.  M.  Porter,  became  a 
member  of  Congress  (1855-57)  ^i^d  was 
United  States  Minister  to  Sweden  (1864- 
6y}.  Hon.  James  R.  Kelley  (of  Reed  law 
school)  went  to  Oregon  and  was  defeated 
for  Governor  (1866)  but  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate  (1871-77)  and  was 
afterwards  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court.  Then  there  was  examined  and  ad- 
mitted J.  C.  Kunkle,  of  Dauphin  county, 
who  became  a  Whig  member  of  Congress, 
and  Hon.  Samuel  S.  Woods,  who  became 
the  President  Judge  of  the  Union  and  Mif- 
flin county  district;  and  Hon.  Benjamin 
Markley  Boyer,  who  was  a  member  of  Con- 
gress in  1865-69,  and  in  1882  President 
Judge  of  the  Montgomery  district.  Also 
Hon.  Benjamin  F.  Junkin,  of  Perry,  later 
Judge  of  this  Ninth  Judicial  District.  Robt. 
A.  Lamberton,  LL.  D.,  of  Carlisle,  mem- 
ber of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1880,  and  later  President 


of  Lehigh  University,  and  who  died  in  Sep- 
tember, 1893. 

Hon.  Frederick  Watts  became  Judge  of 
our  courts  in  1849.  He  was  the  son  of 
David  Watts,  of  the  early  bar,  and  was  born 
in  Carlisle  May  9th,  1801.  He  was  gradu- 
ated-from  Dickinson  College  in  1819;  two 
years  later  entered  the  office  of  Andrew 
Carothers,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
August  1824.  He  soon  acquired  an  im- 
mense practice,  which  may  be  judged  by 
the  fact  that,  during  a  period  of  42  years 
(from  October  term,  1827,  to  May  term, 
1869,  in  the  Supreme  Court)  there  is  no 
volume  of  reports  containing  cases  from 
the  middle  district  (except  for  the  three 
years  when  he  was  upon  the  bench)  in 
which  his  name  is  not  found.  For  fifteen 
years  he  was  the  reporter  of  the  decisions 
of  that  court;  from  1829  three  volumes  of 
"Watts  and  Penrose,"  ten  volumes  of 
"Watt's  report,"  and  nine  "Watts  and  Ser- 
geant" were  issued.  On  March  9th, 
1849,  he  was  commissioned  by  Gov- 
ernor Johnson,  President  Judge  of  the 
Ninth  Judicial  District,  containing  the 
counties  of  Cumberland,  Perry  and  Juni- 
ata. He  retired  in  1852,  when  the 
judiciary  became  elective,  and  resumed 
his  practice,  from  which  he  gradually 
withdrew  in  about  1860-69.  In  August 
1871  he  was  appointed  Commissioner  of 
Agriculture  by  President  Hayes.  As  a  man 
he  had  great  force  of  character,  sterling  in- 
tegrity and  as  a  lawyer,  ability,  dignity  and 
confidence.  He  had  great  power  with  a 
jury  from  their  implicit,  firm,  self-reliant 
confidence  in  him.  He  was  always  firm 
self-reliant,  despised  quirks  and  quibbles, 
and  was  a  model  of  fairness  in  the  trial  of 
a  cause.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Carlisle 
on  Saturday,  August  17th,   1889. 

In  an  editorial  by  Hon.  A.  K.  McClure 
on  Judge  Watts,  published  in  the  Philadel- 
phia Times   (August   19,   1889)    he    says: 


io6 


Biographical  akd  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


"Judge  Watts'  judicial  career  was  brief,  but 
quite  long  enough  to  make  him  memor- 
able as  one  of  the  most  dignified,  impartial 
and  efficient  common  law  judges  of  Penn- 
sylvania. *  *  *  jt  -^Yas  at  the  bar  that 
Judge  Watts  exhibited  his  grandest  attri- 
butes. He  was  a  great  lawyer  in  all  the 
qualities  of  the  legal  practitioner.  He  was 
exceptionally  strong  in  the  profounder 
characteristics  of  the  profession,  and  at  the 
same  time  most  thorough  as  a  case  lawyer 
and  pleader  and  unsurpassed  as  an  advo- 
cate. He  was  the  most  popular  lawyer  in 
his  section  of  the  State,  not  because  of  any 
demagogic  attempts  to  popularize  himself 
with  the  multitude,  but  because  he  was 
universally  regarded  as  able,  skillful  and 
honest.  *  *  *  j^jg  appearance  in  a 
case  was  assurance  that  there  must  be  some 
merit  in  his  cause,  and  his  dignified  cour- 
tesy and  scrupulous  fairness  in  the  trial  of 
a  case,  and  his  candor,  simplicity,  earnest- 
ness and  rare  eloquence  as  an  advocate, 
made  him  the  most  formidable  of  antag- 
onists. ■  1  ■■^'5} 
Judge  Watts  was  the  one  man  of  the  in- 
terior bar  who  could  successfully  cope  with 
Thaddeus  Stevens.  Even  the  keen  invec- 
tive of  Stevens,  upon  which  he  so  much  re- 
lied, was  sparingly  employed  when  Watts 
was  his  opponent,  and  we  recall  a  memor- 
able will  case  of  thirty  years  ago,  in  which 
Watts  and  Stevens  were  the  opposing  law- 
yers, as  the  model  jury  trial  of  our  Penn- 
sylvania courts.  In  unbroken  dignity,  uni- 
form courtesy,  consummate  skill,  exhaus- 
tive effort  and  persuasive  eloquence,  we 
doubt  whether  it  has  been  surpassed,  if  ever 
equalled,  in  the  trials  of  the  State.  Both 
were  yet  in  the  full  vigor  of  their  physical 
and  intellectual  strength,  mellowed  by  the 
achievements  and  disappointments  of  their 
earlier  struggles  in  the  profession;  both 
were  masters  in  their  great  art;  both  cher- 
ished the    profoundest    contempt    for    the 


clap  trap  that  is  so  often  employed  to  en- 
thuse the  gallery  gods,  and  each  felt  him- 
self matched  in  his  antagonist. 

Judge  Watts  was  thus  a  model  lawyer  as 
he  was  a  model  judge,  and  the  influence  he 
exerted  in  dignifying  the  legal  profession 
and  in  commanding  for  it  general  public 
trust  is  yet  felt  in  the  region  where  his  pro- 
fessional efforts  are  well  remembered." 

Hon.  James  H.  Graham,  the  first  of  the 
judges  after  the  judiciary  became  elective, 
was  born  in  Cumberland  county,  Septem- 
ber lo,  1807,  graduated  from  Dickinson 
College  in  1827,  studied  law  under  Andrew 
Carothers,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1829.  In  1839,  after  the  election  of  Gov. 
Porter,  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Attorney 
General  for  Cumberland  County,  which  po- 
sition he  filled  ably  for  six  years.  It  may  be 
interesting  to  state  that  the  third  year  after 
his  admission  to  the  bar  his  fees  amounted 
to  twelve  hundred  dollars,  and  continued 
steadily  to  increase  until  he  left  the  bar  for 
the  bench.  After  the  amendment  to  the 
Constitution  making  the  judiciary  elective, 
he  received  the  nomination  (Democratic; 
and  was  elected  in  October  1851  President 
Judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  District,  com- 
prising the  counties  of  Perry,  Cumberland 
and  Juniata.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term 
he  was  re-elected  in  1861,  serving  another 
full  term  of  ten  years.  After  his  retirement 
fr.-m  the  bench  he  returned  to  the  practice 
of  law.  He  died  September  26,  1882.  In 
1862  his  alma  mater  conferred  upon  him 
the  degree  of  LL.  D.  He  was  a  careful 
and  conscientious  judge  fond  of  the 
common  law,  of  the  Coke  school,  perhaps 
sometimes  severe,  but  there  was  never,  in 
the  language  of  Judge  Watts,  "a  breath  of 
imputation  against  his  character  as  a  law- 
yer or  upon  his  honor  as  a  judge." 

Of  the  prominent  practitioners  admitted 
under  Judge  Graham  we  have  space  to 
mention  only  one — Samuel  Hepburn,  Jr., 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


107 


who  became  an  acknowledged  leader  of  the 
bar.  He  was  a  son  of  Hon.  Samuel  Hep- 
burn, born  in  Carlisle  December  30th,  1839, 
entered  Dickinson  College,  then  went  to 
the  University  of  Virginia,  and  later  to 
Europe  and  entered  the  University  of  Ber- 
lin. On  his  return  he  read  law  with  his 
father  and  was  admitted  to  this  bar  in  1863. 
He  soon  stepped  to  the  front  rank  of  his 
profession,  for  his  great  legal  ability  was 
soon  recognized  and  brought  him  a  lucra- 
tive practice.  His  reputation  as  a  lawyer 
was  not  local;  he  was  particularly  well 
known  to  the  Supreme  Court,  and  in  legal 
circles  throughout  the  State.  A  handsome 
man,  with  Gladstonian  face  and  attractive 
manners,  he  looked  every  inch  the  thorough 
lawyer  which  he  was.  In  thorough  train- 
ing in  the  fundamental  principles  of  law, 
(including  a  knowledge  of  the  Roman 
Law),  in  breadth  and  soundness  of  judg- 
ment, in  quick  discernment,  in  the  strong 
grasp  of  broad  legal  principles  and  in  the 
deduction  therefrom  of  correct  conclus- 
ions; in  subtle  distinction  and  wide  gener- 
alization, as  a  counselor  and  as  an  advo- 
cate, before  the  jury  or  before  the  court, 
he  had,  perchance,  but  few,  if  any,  super- 
iors in  the  State.  He  died  on  board  the 
steamer  "Iroquois"  near  Charleston,  S.  C, 
while  taking  a  trip  to  Florida. 

Hon.  Benjamin  F.  Junkin,  the  tenth 
President-Judge  of  this  Judicial  District, 
was  admited  to  this  bar  August,  1844. 
He  read  law  with  Hon.  Samuel  Hepburn. 
He  moved  to  Bloomfield  and  became,  with 
the  younger  Mclntyre,  a  leader  of  the 
Perry  Co.  Bar.  He  was  elected  to  the  36th 
Congress,  and  in  1871  was  elected  Presi- 
dent Judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  District, — 
then  composed  of  Cumberland,  Perry  and 
Juniata.  He  was  the  last  of  our  perambu- 
latory  judges,  for  on  the  redistribution  of 
the  district  under  the  Constitution  of  1874, 
he  chose  Perry  and  Juniata,  and  from  that 


period  ceased  to  preside  over  the  courts  of 
Cumberland  county. 

Hon.  Martin  C.  Herman,  the  eleventh 
President  Judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  Dis- 
trict, was  born  in  Silver's  Spring  township, 
Cumberland  county,  February  14th,  1841. 
He  was  graduated  from  Dickinson  College 
in  the  class  of  1862.  In  January  of  this 
year  he  had  registered  as  a  student  of  law 
with  B.  Mclntyre  &  Son,  of  the  Perry 
County  Bar,  but  later  with  Wm.  H.  Miller, 
Esq.,  of  Carlisle,  under  whom  he  completed 
his  legal  studies.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  January,  1864.  He  was  elected  by 
the  Democratic  party  President  Judge  of 
the  Ninth  Judicial  District,  consisting  of 
the  county  of  Cumberland,  in  1874,  serving 
his  full  term  of  ten  years.  On  the  expiration 
of  his  term  he  was  renominated  by  acclama- 
tion, but  was  defeated  by  the  Republican 
candidate.  He  died,  after  a  stroke  of  appo- 
plexy,  in  Carlisle,  on  Sunday,  January  19, 
1896.  He  was  of  unimpeachable  integrity, 
careful  and  conscientious,  and  very  minute 
anu  deliberate  in  his  charges  to  the  jury. 

Hon.  Wilbur  F.  Sadler,  twelfth  President 
Judge  of  the  District,  was  born  in  Adams 
county.  Pa.,  October  14,  1840,  but  removed 
to  Cumberland  county  with  his  parents  in 
his  infancy.  He  read  law  under  Mr.  Mor- 
rison, of  Williamsport,  Pa.,  and  later,  fin- 
ished his  legal  studies  in  Carlisle  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  April,  1865.  He 
soon  acquired  a  large  clientage  and  was 
elected  District  Attorney  in  1871,  and  in 
1884  President  Judge  of  the  district  on  the 
Republican  ticket.  After  the  expiration  of 
his  term  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law,  in 
which  he  is  now  engaged. 

Hon.  Edward  W.  Biddle,  the  present 
Judge  of  the  Judicial  District,  was  born  in 
Carlisle,  May  3d,  1852;  was  graduated  from 
Dickinson  College  in  1870;  read  law  with 
Wm.  M.  Penrose,  Esq.,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  April,  1873.     I"  1895  he  be- 


io8 


Biographical  anu  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


came  the  candidate  of  the  Republican 
party,  as  against  the  late  Hon.  M.  C.  Her- 
man, (Democratic,)  and  was  elected  to  the 
position  which  he  now  holds. 

The  Present  Bar.  We  have  now 
brought  the  history  of  our  bar  down  to  a 
period  which  is  within  the  recollection  of 
the  youngest  member  of  it.  Of  the  living 
(save  in  the  case  of  those  who  have  been 
upon  the  bench)  we  have  made  no  mention, 
leaving  them  to  the  mercy  of  some  future 
historian  by  whom  the  names  of  those  who 
are  found  most  worthy,  will,  no  doubt,  be 
duly  recorded. 

The  present  members  of  the  bar,  with  the 
dates  of  thier  admission,  are  as  follows: 
Charles  P.  Addams,  '87  ;  Hon.  F.  E.  Beltz- 
hoover,  (Ex-Member  of  Congress),  '64  ; 
Bennett  Bellman,  '73;  J.  E.  Barnitz,  'jj; 
Edw.  W.  Biddle,  Jr.,  '89;  C.  C.  Bashore, 
'95;  C.  E.  Brinton,  '95;  Herman  Berg,  Jr., 
'96;  W.  B.  Boyd,  '96:  Frank  C.  Bosler,  '96; 
E.  F.  Brightbill,  '96;  Charles  S.  Dakin,  '92; 
James  W.  Eckels,  '84;  Wm.  W.  Fletcher, 
'96;  Duncan  M.  Graham,  '76:  Hon.  Samuel 
Hepburn,  LL.  D.,  '34,  (ex-judge  and  oldest 
surviving  member  of  the  bar):  Hon.  R.  M. 
Henderson,  LL.  D.,  '47;  John  Hays,  '59; 
Christian  P.  Humrich,  '54;  J.  Webster 
Henderson,  '79;  F.  H.  Hofifer,  '82;  Conrad 
Hambleton,  '91;  Geo.  M.  Hays,  '95;  W.  A. 
Kramer,  '85;  Jos.  C.  Kissell,  '94;  John  B. 
Landis,  '81;  Stewart  M.  Leidich,  '72:  J.  C. 
Long,   '95;   H.    M.   Leidich,  '87;   John   R. 


Miller,  '67;  A.  G.  Miller,  '73;  Hon.  Till- 
more  Maust,  (present  member  of  Legisla- 
ture), '83;  Geo.  E.  Mills,  '92;  A.  R.  Rupley, 
(Dist.  Atty.),  '91;  John  M.  Rhey,  '96:  Hon. 
Wilbur  F.  Sadler,  (Ex-President  Judge) 
'64;  William  J.  Shearer,  '52;  A.  D.  B. 
Smead,  '74;  Hugh  Silas  Stuart  (took  post 
graduate  legal  studies  at  University  of  Edin- 
burgh), '81;  J.  T.  Stuart,  '76:  G.  Wilson 
Swartz,  '89;  Jas.  S.  Shapley,  '93;  Lewis  S. 
Sadler.  '96;  Wm.  H.  Starney,  '96;  William 
Trickett,  LL.  D.,  (Dean  of  the  Dickinson 
Law  School  and  author  of  various  legal 
works),  '75;  Jos.  G.  Vale;  '71;  Thomas  E. 
Vale,  '91,  J.  W.  Wetzel,  '74;  Edward  B. 
Watts,  '75;  R.  W.  Woods,  '88;  C.  W.  Web- 
bert,  '91 ;  Hon.  J.  Marion  Weakley,  '61 ;  J. 
E.  Walters,  '96. 

In  Mechanicsburg  there  are:  Hon.  W. 
Penn  Lloyd,  '65;  H.  H.  Mercer,  '83;  Miss 
Ida  G.  Kast  (first  and  only  lady  admitted 
to  the  Cumberland  County  Bar),  '96;  John 
L.  Shelley,  '75;  Hon.  James  L.  Young, 
(Ex-member  of  Legislature,) '91  ;and  Harry 
M.  Zug,  '79. 

In  Shippensburg  the  attorneys  are :  E.  J. 
McCune,  '75;  Quinn  T.  Mickey,  '93;  and 
J.  S.  Omwake,  '96. 

In  Newville:  Hon.  Robt.  McCochran, 
(Ex-member  of  Legislature),  '58;  and  B.  F. 
Seitz,  '87. 

In  Shiremanstown:  S.  S.  Rupp,  '92,  and 
in  New  Cumberland,  J.  H.  ReifT,  '95. 


CHAPTER  VII. 


The  Medical  Profession. 


F  NOW  in  tracing  the  medical  history 
of  the  district  we  could  turn  back 
"the  sunlit  hemisphere  of  modern 
science"  to  that  position  which  it  occupied 
at  the  time  the  first  physician  came  west 
of  the  Susquehanna,  we  would  find  the 
medical  profession  poorly  equipped  indeed, 
compared  to  its  fitting  out  today,  for  the 
conquest  of  disease. 

In  pioneer  days  Lancaster  was  the  near- 
est town  to  any  of  the  little  settlements 
planted  in  the  great  wilderness  regions  of 
the  district,  and  in  case  of  any  serious  sick- 
ness or  severe  injury  if  a  physician  was 
called  it  was  most  likely  he  came  from 
Lancaster,  but  there  is  no  account  of  any 
visiting  physician  from  Lancaster  let 
alone  any  record  or  the  name  of  the  first 
one.  The  next  chance  of  the  pioneers  to 
secure  medical  attention  was  from  the  phy- 
sicians or  surgeons  who  accompanied  the 
military  forces  sent  west  of  the  Susque- 
hanna river  during  the  French  and  Indian 
war  but  of  such  possible  services  there  ex- 
ists neither  history  nor  tradition. 

First  Resident  Pliysicians.  From  what 
little  can  be  learned  of  pioneer  times  it 
seems  that  Dr.  David  Jameson,  of  York, 
is  entitled  to  the  honor  of  being  the  first 
resident  physician  in  the  territory  of  the 
present  Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 
Dr.  Jameson  was  born  and  reared  in  Scot- 
land where  he  received  his  education  and 
studied  medicine  and  surgery.  He  came 
to  Pennsylvania  about  1740  and  pushing 
out  to  the  frontier  became  one  of  the  first 


inhabitants  of  the  town  of  York.  He  was 
a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
a  fine  physician  and  surgeon  and  served  as 
an  ofhcer  in  the  French  and  Indian  war  and 
in  the  Revolutionary  struggle.  His  sons 
Horatio  G.  and  Thomas  were  celebrated 
physicians,  and  the  former  served  as  presi- 
dent, at  different  times,  of  Washington  and 
Ohio  Medical  colleges. 

Another  finely  educated  and  skillful  ph}- 
sician  who  came  to  the  frontier  and  after- 
wards became  prominent  in  military  life  was 
Dr.  William  Irvine,  who  was  educated  at 
the  University  of  Dublin  and  settled  in 
1763,  at  Carlisle  where  he  had  an  extensive 
practice  for  nearly  forty  years.  He  re- 
moved in  1801,  to  Philadelphia,  where  he 
died  three  years  later. 

The  (third  physician  in  order  of  practice 
was  a  Dr.  Kennedy,  of  York  county,  about 
1760,  and  he  was  followed  by  Dr.  William 
Plunkett,  of  whom  we  only  have  record 
that  he  was  "a  practitioner  of  physic  in 
1766,"  at  Cariisle. 

Pliysicians  1766— 1896.  Succeeding  Dr. 
Jameson,  at  York,  came  Drs.  Peter  Hawk, 
in  17S0;  Thomas  Jameson,  1790;  Charles 
Ludwig,  John  Rouse  and  Peter  Lansing, 
about  1800;  Luke  Rouse  and  Henry  Nes, 
about  1825;  Charles  M.  Nes,  1845, 
and  S.  T.  Rouse,  1861.  The  physicians  of 
Hanover  up  to  1881  have  been  Drs.  John 
Baker,  before  the  Revolutionary  war ;  Peter 
Miller  and  Dr.  Wampler,  about  1803;  the 
Culbertsons,  father  and  son;  Dr.  Ecker,  G. 
W.  Hinkle  and  Dr.  Smith,  and  J.  P.  Smith. 


Biographical  akd  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


About  1805  Drs.  Montgomery  and  Bryan 
were  in  Peach  Bottom;  Dr.  De  Lassel  at 
Day's  Landing;  Dr.  Armstrong  Dill,  at 
Dillsburg;  Dr.  Hamburgh,  at  Jefferson;  Dr. 
Webster  Lewis,  at  Lewisburg,  and  Dr.  F. 
E.  Melsheimer,  the  great  entomologist,  at 
Davidsburg.  Succeeding  them  in  York 
county,  outside  of  York  and  Hanover,  came 
Drs.  Thomas  McDonald,  of  Fawn  town- 
ship; R.  N.  Lewis,  of  Dover,  who  culti- 
vated the  opium  he  used  in  his  practice; 
Dr.  Shearer,  Dr.  Connor,  A.  R.  Prowell 
William  Allebaugh  and  E.  W.  Melsheimer. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury the  following  additional  physicians 
were  in  York  county:  Drs.  William  Mc- 
Ilvain,  John  Fisher,  John  F.  Spangler, 
John  Morris,  L.  Martin,  John  Bentz,  Mich- 
ael Hay,  T.  N.  Holt,  Jacob  Fisher,  John 
Rouse,  T.  N.  Haller,  Luke  Rouse,  W.  F. 
Johnson,  Jacob  Hay,  Sr.,  Benjamin  Johns- 
ton, Alex.  Small,  Alex.  Barnitz,  Andrew 
Patterson,  Dr.  Beard  John  Hay,  D. 
S.  Peffer,  Thomas  Cathcart,  William  Hay, 
D.  S.  Peffer,  Thomas  Cathcart,  William 
Isenhart,  J,  F.  Hollahan  and  E.  H.  Pentz. 

Of  the  physicians  from  1850  to  1885  we 
find  no  list  and  in  the  latter  year  the  fol- 
lowing physicians  were  in  York  county: 

Drs.  J.  W.  Kerr  (1S40),  Jacob  Hay,  Jas. 
McKinnon,  A.  R.  Blair,  W.  S.  Roland, 
John  Ahl,  E.  W.  Meisenhelder,  L.  M.  Loch- 
man,  C.  M.  Nes,  B.  F.  Spangler,  J.  R. 
Spangler,  J.  Wiest,  W.  H.  Wagner,  L  C. 
Gable,  Z.  C.  Myers,  Alfred  Long,  F.  X. 
Weile,  Dr.  Jordy,  H.  B.  King,  D.  King 
Gotwald,  T.  B.  Kain,  S.  Miller,  I.  Ickes, 
and  T.  H.  Beltz,  of  York;  G.  R.  Hursh, 
Fairview  township;  W.  E.  Swiler,  Yocum- 
town;  P.  D.  Baker,  Franklintown;  Dr. 
Bailey,  Dillsburg,  A.  C.  Heteric,  Wells- 
ville;  J.  M.  Gross,  Dover;  J.  C.  May,  Dr. 
W.  F.  Smith,  Airville;  B.  F.  Porter, 
Chanceford;  J.  S.  Heteric,  New  Freedom; 
G.  P.  Yost,  Glen    Rock;    George    Holtz- 


apple,  Loganville;  Dr.  Hildebrant,  Win- 
terstown;  J.  M.  Hyson,  Red  Lion;  J.  R. 
Martin,  Stewartstown;  W.  Bigler,  Windsor 
township;  J.  A.  Armstrong  and  William 
Deisinger,  Hellam  township;  Dr.  Thomp- 
son and  G.  A.  Rebnian,  Wrights- 
ville;  G.  W.  Metzger  and  L.  A.  Roth,Jack- 
son  township;  M.  A.  Hoke  and  C.  Bahn, 
Spring  Grove;  William  Brinkman  and  Z. 
C.  Jones,  Jefferson;  W.  C.  Stick,  Codorus; 
Allen  Glatfelter,  Seven  Valleys;  E.  W. 
Gerry,  James  Gerry  and  H.  G.  Bussy, 
Shrewsbury;  C.  Taylor,  Shrewsbury  town- 
ship; O.  C.  Brickley,  E.  W.  Brickley,  B.  T. 
Reich  and  J.  H.  Yeagley,  York;  E.  A. 
Wareheim,  Glen  Rock;  D.  B.  Grove,  Han- 
over; J.  D.  Keller,  Glenville;  H.  C.  Alle- 
man,  A.  J.  Snively,  A.  F.  Koch,  J.  H.  Bit- 
tenger,  A.  C.  Wentz,  G.  P.  Weaver,  and 
Dr.  Buchen,  of  Hanover. 

In  Cumberland  county  succeeding  Doc- 
tors Irvine  and  Plunkett  came  Drs.  S.  A. 
McCaskey,  1774;  Lemuel  Gustine,  about 
1778;  George  Stevenson,  1781;  Samuel 
Fahnstock,  1800;  G.  D.  Foulke,  about 
1803;  James  Armstrong,  Ephraim  M. 
Blaine,  Adam  Hays,  W.  C.  Chambers, John 
Creigh,  J.  S.  Given,  Theo.  Myers,  John  M)'- 
ers,  John  Eliott,  D.  N.  Mahan,  Jacob  John- 
son, John  Paxton,  Charles  Cooper,  William 
Irvin,  and  James  Armstrong,  from  1812  to 
1828;  S.  B.Kieffer,  R.  L.  Sibbet,  A.  J.  Her- 
man, W.  W.  Dale,  W.  H.  Longsdorf,  W.  H. 
Cooke,  E.  A.  Grove,  George  Hemminger, 
J.  S.  Bender,  W.  S.  Reily,  J.  S.  Musgrove, 
G.  W.  Foulke,  L.  W.  Foulke,  from  1828  to 
1879.  The  physicians  of  Shippensburg  up 
to  1879  were:  Drs.  John  Simpson,  1778; 
Alex.  Stewart,  1795:  John  Ealy,  1809;  W. 
A.  Findlay,  1815;  William  Rankin,  1821 ; 
Alexander  Stewart,  183 1;  Thomas  Greer, 
1834;  J.  N.  Duncan,  1841;  Elijah  Ealy, 
about  1845;  D.  N.  Rankin,  1854;  and  W. 
M.  Witherspoon,  1869.  The  Mechanics- 
burg  physicians  from  1815  to  1879  were: 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


Drs.  Asa  Herring,  1815;  Jacob  Weaver, 
1825;  J.  G.  Oliver,  about  1830;  Ira  Day, 

1833;  George  Fulmer,  ;  A.  H.  Van- 

hofif,  W.  A.  Steigleman  and  P.  H.  Long 
about  1845;  J-  B.  Herring,   1851;    E.    B 

Brant,  1856;  R.  G.  Young,  ;    M.    B 

Mosser, ;  R.  N.  Short,  1865;  L.  P.  O 

Neale,  1870;  L.  H.  Lenher,  1872;  and  J.  H 
Deardorfif.  Newville's  physicians  from  1797 
to  1879,  have  been  Drs.  John  Geddes,  1797 
W.  S.  Rutger,  1812;  J.  P.  Geddes  and  W 
M.  Sharp,  1819;  Joseph  Hannon,  John  Ahl 

1844;  M.  F.   Robinson,  ;  J.   A.  Ahl 

;  Alex.  Sharp,  1850;  David  Ahl,  1853 

J.  G.  Barr,  1858;  and  S.  H.  Brehm,  1866. 
Elsewhere  in  Cumberland  county  the  phy- 
sicians up  to  1879  have  been  Drs.  Lerew 
Lemer  (1832)  and  J.  W.  Trimmer,  (1876) 
at  Lisburn;  I.  W.  Snowden  (1832)  and 
Joseph  Grain,  ( — )  at  Hogestowm ;  C.  H.  Gib- 
son (1875),  Churchtown;  Jacob  Black  and 
William  Mateer  (1853)  and  W.  S.  Bruck- 
hart  (1874),  Shiremanstown ;  David  Smith 
(1832)  and  A.  A.  Thompson  (1864),  New- 
burg;  John  Mosser  (181 5,  New  Cumber- 
land; Israel  Betz,  ( ),  Oakville;  Jacob 

Sawyer  ( ),  Boiling  Springs;  J.  E.  A-^an 

Camp  ( ),  Plainfield;  and  Peter  Fahnes- 

tock  (1805),  Oyster's  Point.  From  1879  to 
1885,  the  following  physicians  were  in 
Cumberland  county;  Drs.  George  Grove, 
Big  Springs;  J.  C.  Davis,  Mt.  Holly 
Springs;  P.  R.  Koons,  Aliens;  J.  H.  Smith, 
Dickinson  township;  F.  B.  Leberknight, 
Newberry;  D.  C.  Cramer,  Newburg;  J.  G. 
Fickle,  Carlisle;  J.  J.  Koser,  Shippensburg; 
R.  S.  Prowell.  New  Cumberland;  J.  B. 
Marshall,  Shippensburg;  S.  McKee  Smith, 
Heberling;  E.  S.  Conlyn,  Cariisle;  H.  H. 
Longsdorf,  Dickinson  township;  M.  K. 
Bowers,  Boiling  Springs;  J.  J.  Deshler, 
Shippensburg;  R.  B.  Polinger,  Carlisle; 
Wilmot  Ayres,  Middlesex;  J.  P.  Orr,  New 
Cumberland;  J.  H.  Kaufifman,  Newburg; 
R.  M.  McGary,  Shiremanstown;  and  S.  L. 


Diven,  Carlisle;  I.  Y.  Reed  and  J.  L. 
Baeher,  Leesburg;  J.  A.  Morrett,  New 
Kingston;  C.  C.  Hammel,  E.  N.  Mosser,  T. 
J.  Stevens,  F.  E.  Rogers,  J.  U.  Hobach,  D. 
A.  Lauk,  G.  M.  Eckels  and  J.  B.  Spangler, 
Mechanicsburg;  G.  W.  Ziegler,  S.  P.  Zieg- 
ler,  C.  W.  Krise,  W.  F.  Reily,  Thos.  Ste- 
wart, Sr.,  Thomas  Stewart,  Jr.,  A.  I.  Miller, 

C.  H.  Hepburn,  M.  M.  Ritchie,  J.  S.  Ben- 
der, and  J.  R.  Bixler,  Carlisle;  J.  W.  Bow- 
man, Camp  Hill;  Levi  Funk,  New  Kings- 
ton; Jacob  Roop,  New  Cumberland;  R.  M. 
Hays,  Newville;  M.  L.  Hoover,  Silver 
Spring  township;  H.  D.  Cooper,  Newville; 
Z.  D.  Hartzell,  Newburg;  Jesse  Laverty, 
Sr.,  East  Pennsborough  township;  A.  B. 
Sechrist,  Upper  Allen  township;  R.  W. 
Ross,  Shepherdstown ;  M.  B.  Rogers,  Mid- 
dlesex township;  W.  A.  English,  Mrs. 
A.  English,  J.  J.  Koser,  R.  C.  Stewart,  D. 

D.  Hays,  C.  A.  Howland;  J.  H.  Mowers, 
J.  J.  Deshler,  and  A.  P.  StauiTer,  Shippens- 
burg; Austin  Best,  Shiremanstown;  T.  L. 
Neff,  Carlisle;  W.  B.  Reynolds  and  W. 
G.  Stewart,  Newville;  H.  R.  Williams, 
borough  township;  R.  C.  Marshall,  West 
Fairview;  S.  H.  C.  Bixler,  Bloseville;  H. 
W.  Linebaugh,  New  Cumberland;  J.  H. 
Houck,  Boiling  Springs;  A.  W.  Nichols, 
Camp  Hill;  J.  L.  Schoch,  Shippensburg; 
David  Coover,  Upper  Allen  township;  D. 
W.  Basehore,  West  Fairview;  W.  E.  Cor- 
nog,  Mt.  Holly  Springs;  J.  H.  Boyer,  Me- 
chanicsburg; J.  T.  Hoover,  Southampton 
township;  Fred.  Hartzell,  Churchtown;  S. 
N.  Eckee,  Jacksonville;  Levi  Clay,  West 
Pennsborough    township;   B.    H.    Bockus, 

;  J.  K.  Bowers, ;  J.  C. 

McCoy, ;  C.  M.  Fager,  West  Fair- 
view;  John  Logan, ;  Jacob  Peters, 

Henry  Clay;  M.  J.  Jackson, ;  J.  R. 

Rodgers,  Sterrett's  Gap;  C.  J.  Heckert, 
Wormleysburg;  D.  T.  E.  Casteel,  Allen; 
G.  S.  Comstock,  Bloserville;  and  W.  J. 
Kasten,  Boiling  Springs. 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


The  people  of  what  is  now  Adams  county 
during  the  days  of  early  settlement  de- 
pended largely  upon  the  first  physicians  of 
York  and  Cumberland  county  for  medical 
assistance  in  cases  of  dangerous  sickness  or 
extreme  surgical  need.  Home  remedies  of 
field,  forest  and  garden  were  prepared  by 
the  mothers  and  grandmothers  for  the  ail- 
ments of  humanity  and  we  find  no  record 
or  tradition  of  a  resident  physician  in  the 
Marsh  Creek  or  Conewago  settlements  for 
over  half  a  century.  Sometime  before  1800, 
Dr.  John  Agnew,  who  published  the  first 
paper  on  vaccination  in  this  country,  came 
to  Gettysburg,  where  his  great  talents  and 
fine  medical  ability  were  never  fully  appre- 
ciated. His  contemporary  at  Gettysburg 
was  Dr.  William  Crawford,  "a  man  of  great 
and  varied  abilities  and  of  national  and  last- 
ing fame"  who  came  in  1795.  Dr.  Johu 
B.  Arnold,  of  Connecticut,  Dr.  James 
Hamilton,  a  wealthy  southern  man,  were  in 
the  county  as  early  as  1800,  and  soon  fol- 
lowing them  were  Drs.  John  Knox  and 
John  Runkle,  the  latter  from  Maryland. 
One  of  the  earliest  of  Crawford's  students 
was  Dr.  James  H.Miher.who  became  a  great 
medical  authority  in  the  county,  and  those 
ing  fame"  who  camfe  in  1795.  Dr.  John 
Paxton,  David  Horner,  Charles  Berlucky 
and  John  Parshall.  Drs.  Crawford  and  Mil- 
ler were  the  only  men  in  the  county,  who 
could  amputate  a  limb  until  Dr.  David  Gil- 
bert came  to  Gettysburg  in  1830.  Physi- 
cians increased  slowly  until  1873,  when 
there  were  thirty-five  practitioners  of  medi- 
cine in  the  county.  In  1881  the  Legisla- 
ture required  certain  qualifications  of  each 
practicing  physician  except  he  had  been  ten 
years  in  continuous  practice  and  all  were 
to  register  in  the  prothonotary's  office  in 
the  county  where  they  practiced.  The 
physicians  in  Adams  county  in  1885  were: 
George  B.  Aiken,  V.  H.  B.  Lilly,  and  Geo. 
L.    -Rice,    McSherrystown;   J.    B.    Combs, 


Round  Hih;  E.  W.  Cashman  and  D.  L, 
Baker,  East  Berlin;  A.  L.  Bishop,  C.  P. 
Gettier,  Jonathan  Howard,  H.  W.  Lefevre, 
R.  S.  Seiss,  Joshua  S.  Kemp,  E.  F.  Shorb, 
and  S.  B.  Weaver,  Littlestown;  John  C. 
Bush,  Movmt  Joy  township;  A.  P.  Beam, 
Fairfield;  J.  E.  Gilbert,  Charles  Horner, 
Robert  Horner,  John  W.  C.  O'Neal,  W.  H. 
O'Neal,  J.  B.  Scott,  James  Warren,  and  T. 

T.  Tate,  Gettysburg;  J.  R.  Dickson, 

;A.  B.  Dill,  J.  R.  Plank,  R.  M.  Plank, 

J.  H.  Marsden  and  L  W.  Pearson,  York 

Springs;  Jeremiah  Diore,  — ■ ■ — ;  A.  M. 

Evers,  W.  C.  Sandrock,  J.  L.  Sheetz  and 
J.  W.  Smith,  New  Oxford;  R.  B.  Elderice, 

;  Samuel  Enterline,    Huntingdon 

township;  E.  K.  Foreman,  Littlestown;  C. 
E.  Goldsborough,  Hunterstown;  W.  F. 
Hollinger,  C.  W.  Johnston,  F.  C.  Wolf, 
Abbottstown;  A.  W.  Howard  and  E.  W. 
Mumma,  Bendersville;  Ephraim  Howard, 
Straban  township;  Andrew  Howard, 
Mount  Pleasant  township;  L  P.  Lecrone, 
Arendtstown;  Richard  McSherry,  Ger- 
many township;  R.  N.  Meisenhelder,  East 
Berlin;  Emanuel  Melhorn  and  D.  H.  Mel- 
horn,  New  Chester;  Alfred  Myers,  Hamp- 
ton; Agideous  Noel,  Bonneauville;  C.  H. 

Rupp,  ;  C.  K.  Rether,  Biglers- 

vlhe;  C.  E.  Smith,  Center  Mills;  A.  S. 
Scott,  Fairfield;  W.  O.  Smith,  and  W.  C. 
Stem,  Cashtown;  G.  W.  Smith,  Flora  Dale; 

A.  O.  Scott,  ;    O.    W.    Thomas, 

Arendtsville;  J.  C.  Warren,  Butler  town- 
ship; J.  D.  Weddelle,  Bigler;  C.  W.  Wea- 
ver, Glenville,  and  James  G.  Watson. 

The  Indian  Physician.  Dr.  Carlos 
Montezuma,  whom  O.  B.  Super  describes 
in  the  April  number  of  the  New  England 
Magazine  for  the  year  1895,  is  a  full-blood- 
ed Apache  Indian,  who  was  captured  and 
carried  off  at  five  years  of  age  by  a  neigh- 
boring tribe  and  has  never  seen  his  parents 
since.  A  traveling  artist  named  Gentile 
purchased  the  boy  from  his  captor  for  $30 


NllSrETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


"3 


atid  sent  him  to  school.  The  Indian  boy 
worked  his  way  up  step  by  step,  paying 
most  of  his  way  by  hard  work  and  com- 
pleted his  education  notwithstanding  the 
remarkable  declaration  once  made  by  a 
Congressman,  that  "there  is  as  much  hope 
of  educating  the  Apache  as  there  is  of  edu- 
cating the  rattlesnake  upon  which  he 
feeds."  Montezuma  left  school  read  medi- 
cine and  after  graduating  from  the  Chica- 
go Medical  college  held  various  positions 
in  connection  with  the  Indian  school  and 
agency  business  until  he  came  to  Carlisle 
where  he  has  been  resident  physician  of 
the  Carlisle  school  ever  since.  He  has  al- 
ways performed  his  duties  in  a  satisfactory 
manner  and  has  written  many  articles  on 
the  Indian  question.  He  says  his  case  is  ex- 
ceptional only  in  so  far  as  he  received  ex- 
ceptional treatment,  and  his  views  on  reser- 
vation plan  of  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment are  the  same  as  Captain  Pratt,  who 
says:  "Pandering  to  the  tribe  and  its  so- 
cialisms, as  most  of  our  Government  and 
Mission  plans  do,  is  the  principle  reason 
why  the  Indians  have  not  advanced  more 
and  are  not  now  advancing  as  rapidly  as 
they  ought.  We  easily  inculcate  principles 
of  American  citizenship  and  self-support  in- 
to the  individual  in  the  schools  located 
where  such  examples  and  principles  prevail. 
The  misfortune  is  that  the  only  future  to 
which  such  youth  are  invited  is  that  of  the 
reservation  where  their  new  principles  are 
not  only  most  unpopular,  but  in  many  cases 
interdicted.  It  is  a  common  experience  of 
our  returned  students  to  have  not  only  their 
savings  carried  home  from  the  school  taken 
from  them  at  once,  but  to  be  unable  to  re- 
alize much  of  anything  for  themselves  from 
am  earnings  they  may  make  at  the  agen- 
cies. Their  relations  and  friends  come 
upon  them  with  demands  for  a  share  of 
tiieir  earnings,  and  often  before  they  re- 
ceive their  pay  it  is  all  promised  in  small 


sums  to  such  relations  and  friends,  who  do 
not  and  will  not  work.  In  but  few  of  the 
tribes  have  allotments  been  made,  and 
markets  are  remote.  There  is,  therefore, 
on  the  agricultural  line  at  the  agencies  very 
little  encouragement  to  the  individual.  No 
manufactories  of  any  kind  nor  commercial 
interests,  except  the  few  Indian  traderships, 
are  allowed  upon  the  reservations,  and 
there  is  no  opportunity,  outside  the  very 
limited  Agency  needs,  for  them  to  obtain 
employment.  They  are  consequently  at'  a 
great  disadvantage.  The  more  these  op- 
pressive conditions  become  apparent  to 
students  somewhat  advanced  in  education, 
and  who  have  experienced  the  better  con- 
ditions of  civilized  life,  the  more  there  is 
oi  a  growing  disposition  to  break  away 
from  the  reservation  and  to  strike  out  into 
the  world  where  occupation  and  opportu- 
nity invite.  It  should  be  the  duty  of  every 
Indian  School,  whether  Governmental  or 
Mission,  Agency  or  remote  from  the 
Agency,  as  well  as  the  duty  of  the  Indian 
Agent,  and  other  Indian  service  employes, 
to  forward  Indian  youth  and  worthy  In- 
dians of  any  age  into  civilized  communi- 
ties and  the  honorable  employments  of  civ- 
ilized life,  and  to  constantly  direct  the  at- 
tention of  all  Indians  that  way." 

County  Medical  Societies.  The  Cum- 
berland county  medical  society  was  organ- 
ized July  17,  1866,  with  twenty-four  mem- 
bers representing  every  section  of  the 
county,  and  twenty  years  later  held  its 
meeting  at  the  Indian  industrial  school  of 
Carlisle,  where  the  subjects  discussed  and 
the  manner  of  discussion  evinced  the 
growth  and  the  usefulness  of  the  society. 
The  original  members  were  Drs.  Dale 
Ziegler,  Keiffer,  Zitner,  Schelling,  Herman, 
Demme,  Herring,  Short,  Brandt,  Cram, 
Cram  (R.  M.),  Mosser,  Bowman,  Coover, 
Bashore,  Hays,  Nevin,  Stewart,  Loman, 
Cuddy,  Ahl,  Robinson  and  Haldeman. 


114 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


The  Adams  County  Medical  Society 
dates  back  to  June  14,  1873,  when  it  was 
formed  at  Gettysburg,  where  Drs.  Elder- 
dice,  Horner,  McClure,  Baehr,  Holtz, 
Thompson  and  O'Neal  met  in  the  interests 
of  association  and  organization.  At  that 
time  there  were  about  thirty-five  practicing 
physicians  in  the  county,  and  the  society 
rapidly  increased  its  membership  from 
their  numbers. 

The  present  York  County  Medical  So- 
ciety was  organized  May  11,  1873,  through 
the  efforts  of  Dr.  John  F.  Holohan.  Its 
meetings  are  monthly  and  have  been  held 
with  but  few  exceptions  in  York  city.  The 
society  by  1885  numbered  48  members  and 
has  made  its  influence  felt  in  various  ways, 
and  sends  its  delegates  regularly  to  the 
State  and  National  Medical  Associations. 
This  society  absorbed  the  members  of  the 
old  York  county  society  which  was  organ- 
ized in  March,  1868,  at  Hanover,  by  Drs. 
Smith,  Plowman,  Koch,  Alleman,  Wiest, 
Jones  and  Culbertson,  and  the  association 
of  physicians  at  East  Prospect  formed  in 
1870. 

York  Hospital.  This  institution  is  the 
result  of  the  suggestion  of  Samuel  Small, 
Sr.,  and  the  action  of  the  York  County 
Medical  Society,  whose  members  attended 
it  gratuitously  from  1879  to  1885.  Mr. 
Small  purchased  the  Busser  property  on 
College  avenue,  York,  on  which  was  a 
three-story  brick  building,  that  was  fitted 
up  under  the  direction  of  the  medical  so- 
ciety as  York  hospital  which  has  been  a 
boon  to  hundreds  of  sick  and  injured. 

Dr.  Dady,  the  Impostor.  Among  the 
early  irregular  practitioners  were  the  Eis 
enhart  family,  of  York  county,  some  of 
whose  members  achieved  quite  a  reputa- 
tion, but  there  were  others,  who  were  not 
only  ignorant  of  all  curative  processes  but 
also  practiced  all  manner  of  impositions 
on  the  credulous  people.     The  most  noted 


of  these  imposters  was  the  famous  Dr. 
Dady,  whose  career  is  described  by  Judge 
John  J.  Henr}'  in  the  following  account 
which  he  wrote  from  notes  taken  at  Dady's 
trial. 

"Dr.  Dady,  who  was  a  German  by  birth, 
came  to  this  country  with  the  Hessians  dur- 
ing the  American  revolution.  Possessing 
a  fascinating  eloquence  in  the  German  lan- 
guage, and  being  very  fluent  in  the  Eng- 
lish, he  was  afterwards  employed  as  a  min- 
ister of  the  gospel  by  uninformed,  but  hon- 
est Germans.  When  the  sacerdotal  robe 
could  no  longer  be  subservient  to  his  avar- 
icious views,  he  laid  it  aside  and  assumed 
the  character  of  a  physician.  As  such  he 
came  to  York  county  and  dwelt  among  the 
poor  inhabitants  of  a  mountainous  part 
thereof,  (now  within  the  limits  of  Adams 
CO.,)  where,  in  various  artful  ways,  he 
preyed  on  the  purses  of  the  imwary.  Of 
all  the  numerous  impositions  with  which 
his  name  is  connected,  and  to  which  he  lent 
his  aid,  we  will  mention  but  two.  The 
scene  of  one  of  them  is  in  what  is  now 
Adams  co.,  where  he  dwelt,  and  of  the 
other  in  the  "Barrens"  of  York  co. 

The  following  is  an  account  of  the 
Adams  county  imposition:  Rice  Williams, 
or  rather  Rainsford  Rogers,  a  New  Eng- 
lander,  and  John  Hall,  a  New  Yorker, 
(both  of  whom  had  been  plundering  the  in- 
habitants of  the  southern  states  by  their 
wiles,)  came  to  the  house  of  Clayton 
Chamberlain,  a  neighbor  of  Dady,  in  July, 
1797.  On  the  following  morning,  Dady 
went  to  Chamberlain's,  and  had  a  private 
conversation  with  Williams  and  Hall  be- 
fore breakfast.  After  Dady  had  left  them, 
Williams  asked  Chamberlain  whether  the 
place  was  not  haimted.  Being  answered 
in  the  negative,  he  said  that  it  was  haunted 
— that  he  had  been  born  with  a  veil  over 
his  face — could  see  spirits,  and  had  been 
conducted  thither,  sixty  miles,  by  a  spirit. 


NiiTOTEENTH  Congressional  District. 


"5 


Hall  assented  to  the  truth  of  this.  In  the 
evening  of  the  same  day,  they  had  another 
interview  with  Dady.  Williams  then  told 
Chamberlain,  that  if  he  would  permit  him 
to  tarry  over  night,  he  would  show  him  a 
spirit.  This  being  agreed  to,  they  went 
into  a  field  in  the  evening,  and  Williams 
drew  a  circle  on  the  ground,  around  which 
he  directed  Hall  and  Chamberlain  to  walk 
in  silence.  A  terrible  screech  was  soon 
heard  proceeding  from  a  black  ghost  (!) 
in  the  woods,  at  a  little  distance  from  the 
parties,  in  a  direction  opposite  to  the  place 
where  Williams  stood.  In  a  few  minutes 
a  white  ghost  appeared,  which  Williams 
addressed  in  a  language  which  those  who 
heard  him  could  not  understand — the 
ghost  replied  in  the  same  language!  After 
his  ghostship  had  gone  away,  Williams  said 
that  the  spirit  knew  of  a  treasure  which  it 
was  permitted  to  discover  to  eleven  men — 
they  must  be  honest,  religious,  and  sensi- 
ble, and  neither  horse-jockeys  nor  Irish- 
men. The  intercourse  between  Williams 
and  Dady  now  ceased  to  be  apparent,  but 
it  was  continued  in  private.  Chamberlain 
convinced  of  the  existence  of  a  ghost  and 
a  treasure,  was  easily  induced  to  form  a 
company,  which  was  soon  effected.  Each 
candidate  was  initiated  by  the  receipt  of  a 
small  sealed  paper,  containing  a  little  yellow 
sand,  which  was  called  "the  power."  This 
"power"  the  candidate  was  to  bury  in  the 
earth  to  the  depth  of  one  inch,  for  three 
days  and  three  nights — performing  several 
other  absurd  ceremonies,  too  obscene  to 
be  described  here.  A  circle,  two  perches 
in  diameter,  was  formed  in  the  field, 
in  the  centre  of  which  there  was  a  hole 
six  inches  wide  and  as  many  deep.  A  cap- 
tain, a  lieutenant,  and  three  committeemen 
were  elected.  Hall  had  the  honor  of  the 
captaincy.  The  exercise  was  to  pace  around 
the  circle,  etc.  This,  it  was  said,  propitiated 
and  strengthened  the  white  ghost,  who  was 


opposed  by  an  unfriendly  black  ghost,  who 
rejoiced  in  the  appellation  of  Pompey.  In- 
the  course  of  their  nocturnal  exercises  they 
often  saw  the  white  ghost — they  saw  Mr. 
Pompey  too,  but  he  appeared  to  have  "his 
back  up,"  bellowed  loudly,  and  threw 
stones  at  them.  On  the  night  of  the  i8th  of 
August,  1797,  Williams  undertook  to  get 
instructions  from  the  white  ghost.  It  was 
done  in  the  following  manner.  He  took  a 
sheet  of  clean  white  paper,  and  folded  it  in 
the  form  of  a  letter,  when  each  member 
breathed  into  it  three  times;  this  being  re- 
peated several  times,  and  the  paper  laid 
over  the  hole  in  the  centre  of  the  circle,  the 
instructions  of  the  ghost  were  obtained. 
The  following  is  a  short  extract  from  the 
epistle  written  by  the  ghost:  "Go  on,  and 
do  right,  and  prosper,  and  the  treasure  shall 
be  yours — O .  Take  care  of  your  pow- 
ers, in  the  name  and  fear  of  God  our  pro- 
tector— if  not,  leave  the  work.  There  is  a 
great  treasure,  4,000  pounds  apiece  for  you. 
Don't  trust  the  black  one.  Obey  orders. 
Break  the  enchantment,  which  you  will  not 
do  until  you  get  an  ounce  of  mineral  dul- 
cimer eliximer;  some  German  doctor  has 
it.  It  is  near,  and  dear,  and  scarce.  Let 
the  committee  get  it — but  don't  let  the  doc- 
tor know  what  you  are  about — he  is 
wicked."  The  above  is  but  a  small  part  of 
this  precious  communication.  In  conse- 
quence of  these  ghostly  directions,  a  young 
man  named  Abraham  Kephart  waited,  by 
order  of  the  committee,  on  Dr.  Dady.  The 
Dr.  preserved  his  "eliximer"  in  a  bottle 
sealed  with  a  large  red  seal,  and  buried  in  a 
heap  of  oats,  and  demanded  fifteen  dollars 
for  an  ounce  of  it.  Young  Kephart  could  not 
afford  to  give  so  much, but  gave  him  thirty- 
six  dollars  and  three  bushels  of  oats  for 
three  ounces  of  it.  Yost  Liner,  another  of 
these  wise  committeemen,  gave  the  doctor 
121  dollars  for  eleven  ounces  of  the  stuff. 
The  company  was  soon  increased  to  39  per- 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


sons,  many  of  whom  were  wealthy.  Among 
those  who  were  most  miserably  duped  may 
be  mentioned  Clayton  Chamberlain,  Yost 
Liner,  Thomas  Bigham,  William  Bigham, 
Samuel  Togert,  John  McKinney,  James 
Agnew,  (the  elder,)  James  McCleary,  Robert 
Thompson,  David  Kissinger,  Geo.  Sheck- 
ley,  Peter  Wikeart,  and  John  Philips.  All 
these  and  many  other  men  were,  in  the 
words  of  the  indictment,  "cheated  and  de- 
frauded by  means  of  certain  false  tokens 
and  pretenses — to  wit,  by  means  of  pre- 
tended spirits,  certain  circles,  certain  brown 
powder,  and  certain  compositions  called 
mineral  dulcimer  elixir,  and  Dederick's 
mineral  elixir." 

"But  the  wiles  of  these  impostors  were 
soon  exerted  in  other  parts.  The  following 
is  an  account  of  their  proceedings  in  and 
about  Shrewsbury  township,  in  this  county. 
Williams  intimated  that  he  had  received  a 
call  from  a  ghost,  resident  in  those  parts,  at 
the  distance  of  40  miles  from  Dady's.  Jacob 
Wister,  one  of  the  conspirators,  was  the 
agent  of  Williams  on  this  occasion.  He  in- 
stituted a  company  of  21  persons,  all  of 
whom  were,  of  course,  most  ignorant  peo- 
ple. The  same,  and  even  more  absurd  cere- 
monies were  performed  by  these  people; 
and  the  communications  of  the  ghost  were 
obtained  in  a  still  more  ridiculous  manner 
than  before.  The  communications  men- 
tioned Dr.  Dady  as  the  person  from  whom 
they  should  obtain  the  dulcimer  elixir,  as 
likewise  a  kind  of  sand  which  the  ghost 
called  the  "Asiatic  sand,"  and  which  was 
necessary  in  order  to  give  efificacy  to  the 
"powers."  Ulrich  Neaff,  a  committeemen, 
of  this  company,  paid  to  Dr.  Dady  $90  for 
y^  ounces  of  the  elixir.  The  elixir  was  put 
into  vials,  and  each  person,  who  had  one  of 
them,  held  it  in  his  hand  and  shook  it,  as 
he  pranced  around  the  circle.  On  certain 
occasions  he  anointed  his  head  with  it;  and 
afterwards,  by  order  of  the  spirit,  the  vial 


was  buried  in  the  ground.  Paul  Baliter,  an- 
other of  the  committeemen,  took  with  him 
to  Dr.  Dady's  $100,  to  purchase  "Asiatic 
sand,"  at  $3  per  ounce.  Dady  being  ab- 
sent, Williams  procured  from  the  doctor's 
shop  as  much  sand  as  the  money  would 
purchase.  In  this  instance  Williams  cheated 
the  doctor,  for  he  kept  the  spoil  to  himself; 
and  thence  arose  an  overthrow  of  the  good 
fraternity.  Each  of  them  now  set  up  for 
himself.  Williains  procured  directions  from 
his  ghost,  that  each  of  the  companions 
should  dispatch  a  committeeman  to  Lan- 
caster, to  buy  "Dederick's  mineral  elixir" 
of  a  physician  in  that  place.  In  the  mean 
time  Williams  and  his  wife  went  to  Lancas- 
ter, where  they  prepared  the  elixir,  which 
was  nothing  but  a  composition  of  copperas 
and  cayenne  pepper.  Mrs.  Williams,  as 
the  wife  of  John  Huber,  a  German  doctor, 
went  to  Dr.  Rose,  with  a  letter  dated  "13 
miles  from  Newcastle,  Delaware,"  which  di- 
rected him  how  to  sell  the  article,  &c. 
The  enormity  of  the  price  aroused  the  sus- 
picion of  Dr.  Rose.  In  a  few  days  the  dele- 
gates from  the  committee  arrived,  and  pur- 
chased elixir  to  the  amount  of  $740,33. 
When  the  lady  came  for  the  money  she  was 
arrested,  and  the  secret  became  known. 
Her  husband,  Williams,  escaped.  The  Lan- 
caster expedition  having  led  to  the  discov- 
ery of  the  tricks  of  the  imposters,  a  few 
da3's  after  the  disclosures  made  by  Mrs. 
Williams  an  indictment  was  presented,  in 
the  criminal  court  of  York  county,  against 
Dr.  John  Dady,  Rice  Williams,  Jesse  Mil- 
ler, Jacob  Wister  the  elder,  and  Jacob  Wis- 
ter  the  younger,  for  a  conspiracy  to  cheat 
and  defraud.  The  trial  took  place  in  June 
following,  and  resulted  in  the  conviction  of 
Wister  the  elder,  and  of  Dr.  Dady — the 
former  of  whom  was  fined  $10,  and  impris- 
oned one  month  in  the  county  jail;  the  lat- 
ter fined  $90,  and  sentenced  to  two  years' 
confinement  in  the  penitentiary  of  Philadel- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


117 


phia.  Dady  had  just  been  convicted  of  par- 
ticipating in  the  conspiracy  at  Shrewsbury, 
when  he  and  Hall  were  found  guilty  of  a 
like  crime  in  Adams  county — whereupon 
Hall  was  fined  $100,  and  sent  to  the  peni- 
tentiary for  two  years ;  and  Dady  was  fined 
$i69,andsentenced  to  undergo  an  addition- 
al servitude  of  two  years  in  the  penitentiary, 
to  commence  in  June,  1800,  when  his  first 
term  would  expire.  Thus  ended  the  history 
of  a  man  in  this  county,  who  certainly  was 
not  devoid  of  talent;  who  possessed  a  most 
winning  address,  and  was  a  thorough  mas- 
ter in  quick  and  correct  discernment  of 
character.  He  reigned,  for  a  season,  with 
undisputed  sway,  in  what  was  then  the 
western  part  of  York  county.  His  cunning 
for  a  long  time  lulled  suspicion  to  sleep. 
The  history  of  his  exorcisms  should  teach 
the  credulous  that  the  ghosts  which  appear 
now-a-days  are  as  material  as  our  own 
flesh." 

Medical  Statistics.  The  subject  of  med- 
ical statistics  has  not  received  the  attention 
that  its  importance  demands.  Statistics  of 
mortality,  beyond  the  numerical  number  of 
deaths,  called  the  "death  figure,"  should 
show  the  relative  prevalence  of  diseases  and 
comparative  salubrity  of  climate  in  differ- 
ent sections,  and  point  out  the  best  means 
for  promoting  health  and  longevity.  The 
annual  death-rate  doubled  generally  gives 
the  sick  rate. 

In  1880  the  census  authorities  divided 
the  United  States  into  twenty-one  grand 
districts  in  each  of  which  mortality  and 
vital  statistics  were  taken.     The  first  four 


of  these  districts  comprising  the  Atlantic 
and  Gulf  coasts  whose  climate  is  largely 
controlled  by  that  great  balance-wheel  of 
temperature,  the  ocean.  The  sixth  grand 
group  comprised  the  Central  Appalachian 
region  embracing  Central  and  Southern 
Pennsylvania  where  the  proportion  of 
deaths  from  diphtheria  was  very  high  and 
those  of  heart  disease  lower  than  in  New- 
York.  The  prevalent  fatal  diseases  were 
scarlet  fever,  diphtheria,  old  age,  cancer, 
heart  failure  and  diseases  of  the  nervous 
system  more  especially  apoplexy,  paralysis 
and  convulsions.  The  States  were  also  di- 
vided into  groups  and  in  Pennsylvania 
Adams  and  Cumberland  were  placed  in 
group  I  and  York  in  group  2.  In  Adams 
county  there  were  232  deaths  of  males  and 
260  of  females,  or  a  death  rate  of  14.7  of  the 
former  and  of  15.6  of  the  latter  per  thou- 
sand of  population.  Cumberland  deaths 
were  males  327  and  females  308,  or  death 
rates  of  14.8  and  12.9,  while  York  had  506 
deaths  of  males  and  437  of  females  with 
death  rates  of  11.6  and  9.9  per  thousand  re- 
spectively. 

Knowledge,  skill  and  discovery  are  rapid- 
ly widening  the  domain  of  medicine.  Small 
pox  is  robbed  of  its  terrors,  children  are 
saved  from  diphtheria,  consumption  shows 
signs  of  yielding  to  science,  the  use  of 
anesthetics  does  away  with  a  large  part  of 
pain,  while  the  X-rays  promise  new  con- 
quests to  medicine.  And  in  this  wonder- 
ful advance  of  the  19th  Century  medical 
science,  the  physicians  of  the  Nineteenth 
District  have  kept  abreast  of  the  times. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


Religious    Denominations. 


THAT  RELIGION  wields  the 
scepter  of  the  centuries  has  been 
truly  said,  for  it  has  been  attest- 
ed in  the  history  of  every  nation  both  in  the 
old  and  the  new  world.  "Other  forces 
weaken,  other  issues  die,  other  actors  pass 
ofif  the  stage  and  are  heard  of  no  more; 
but  religion  remains  forever."  The  religious 
system  of  Pennsylvania  was  indeed  the 
most  remarkable  feature  of  her  public  po- 
licy, for  it  was  different  from  every  other 
Colonial  system  and  under  its  workings 
genuine  religious  freedom  was  enjoyed 
throughout  the  Quaker  province  of  Penn. 
The  oppression  of  New  England  and  Vir- 
ginia were  unknown  in  Pennsylvania,where 
religious  toleration  did  not  exist  as  a  miser- 
able policy  of  expediency,  for  the  Quakers 
in  authority  were  true  to  the  doctrine  of  re- 
ligious freedom  which  they  preached  when 
persecuted.  Thus  Pennsylvania  attracted 
the  followers  of  all  forms  and  creeds  to  her 
territory,  where  Lutheran,  Presbyterian, 
German  Reformed,  Baptist,  Anabaptist. 
Dunkard,  Moravian,  Mennonite,  Episcopa- 
lian and  Catholic  enjoyed  religious  freedom 
in  the  full  sense  of  the  term. 

Reference  has  been  made  in  a  preceding 
chapter  to  the  earliest  churches  and  that 
three  of  the  immigrant  classes  of  church 
people  were  Friends,  Episcopalians  and 
Presbyterians  of  English  and  Scotch-Irish 
nationality  and  speaking  the  English  lan- 
guage, while  four  of  them  were  Lutherans, 
German  Reformed,  German  Baptists  and 
Moravians  who  were  of  German  stock  and 


language.  All  seven  of  these  denominations 
were  in  York  county  at  an  early  date;  the 
Presbyterians,  Lutherans  and  Catholics  are 
the  oldest  denominations  in  Adams  county, 
and  the  Presbyterians  for  a  number  of 
years  had  the  only  churches  in  Cumberland 
county. 

Lutherans.  The  Evangelical  Lutheran 
church,  founded  on  the  Augsburg  Confes- 
sion, claims  the  high  appellation  of  "The 
Mother  of  Protestants"  because  she  is  not 
a  branch  of  the  Protestant  church  but  the 
great  body  and  trunk  ot  it,  and  a  massive 
and  living  trunk  still. 

The  Lutherans  now  are  the  most  numer- 
ous in  York  county,  where  they  have 
churches  whose  membership  exceed  500. 
The  first  Evangelical  church  of  York  was 
formed  1733  with  Rev.  John  Casper  Stoever 
as  the  first  pastor,  and  in  1852  separated  in- 
to churches,  one  conducting  exercises  in 
German  and  the  other  in  English,  now  St. 
Paul's  church.  Zion  church  of  York  was 
organized  in  1847;  Union,  1859;  St.  John's, 
German,  1873,  and  St.  Luke's  church,  1882. 
St.  Matthew's  church  of  Hanover  was  or- 
ganized about  1 73 1,  and  Wrightsville 
church  in  1852.  The  Kreutz  Creek  Luth- 
eran and  Reformed  church  was  formed  be- 
fore 1741;  Mt.  Zion,  in  Spring  Garden,  in 
1852;  Manchester  church,  1857;  Hoover's, 
1819;  St.  Paul's,  1763;  and  Lewisberry, 
1792;  Mt.  Zion  in  Fairview  township  was 
formed  about  1857;  Filey,  about  1800;  St. 
Paul's  of  Dillsburg,  1855;  Franklintown, 
1884;    St.  John's,    of    Franklin   township. 


NiN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


119 


about  1780;  Rossville,  1848;  St.  Paul's  and 
Salem,  of  Washington  township,  1844  and 
1800;  Dover,  1757;  ,  of  Dover  town- 
ship, 1870;  Zion,  of  Conewago  township, 
1767;  Holz  Schwamm,  1775;  Pidgeon  Hill, 
Jackson   township,    1785;    St.    Paul's,    of 

Spring  Grove,   1880;   Dubbs,  ;  West 

Manheim,  1750;  St.  Bartholomew,  about 
1835;  St.  Peter's,  1833;  Stelzes,  1794;  Zieg- 
ler's,  1800;  New  Salem,  1861 ;  Staverstown, 
1880;  Jefferson,  1827;  Shrewsbury,  1822; 
Glen  Rock,  1859;  Friedensaals,  1774;  Sa- 
lem, of  Springfield  township,  1841 ;  St. 
John's,  1748;  St.  Paul's,  of  Dallastown, 
1855 ;  Emanuel,  1771 ;  Lower  Windsor, 
1763;  Stable's,  1784;  Lebanon,  1814;  and 
Sadler's,  .  Many  of  these  congrega- 
tions worship  in  union  houses  built  by  them 
and  the  Reformed,  and  but  very  imperfect 
accounts  can  be  obtained  of  various 
churches. 

In  Adams  county  the  records  obtainable 
are  of  many  churches  unsatisfactory. 
Christ's  Lutheran  church  in  Gettysburg 
was  formed  before  1789  and  is  generally 
known  as  the  "College  Church."  St.  John's 
church,  of  Berwick  township  was  organ- 
ized 1829;  Biglerville,  1881;  St.  Matthew's, 
1743;  Flohr's,  1822;  Trinity,  1781 ;  St. 
Paul's  and  St.  John's,  of  Germany  town- 
ship, 1863,  and  1763;  East  Berlin,  1811; 
Fairfield,  1855;  Huntingdon,  1831;  Christ, 
of  Latimore  township,  1745;  Bendersville, 
1835;  Wenksville,  1836;  Grace,  1876;  New 
Oxford,  i860;  Pines,  1861 ;  Heidlersburg, 
1844;  and  St.  John's,  of  Union  township, 
1763. 

The  growth  of  Lutheranism  in  Cumber- 
land county  has  been  largely  in  the  present 
century.  Hickory  Wood  Evangelical  Luth- 
eran church  was  organized  as  early  as  1765, 
in  East  Pennsborough  township ;  and  the 
Shippensburg  church  was  formed  in  1780, 
while  the  Carlisle  congregation  was  in  ex- 
istence as  early  as  1816.  The  Second  (Ger- 


man) Lutheran  church  of  Carlisle  was  or- 
ganized in  1853;  St.  Luke's  and  Trinity,  of 

Mechanicsburg,  and ;  St.  John's 

of  Hampden  township,  1866;  First,  of  New- 
ville,  1832;  Dickinson,  1829;  Centervihe, 
1852,  and  Mt.  Holly  Springs. 

Reformed.  The  "Reformed  Church  in 
the  United  States"  was  known  as  the  "Ger- 
man Reformed  Church  in  the  United 
States"  until  1869  when  the  word  German 
was  dropped  from  its  name.  It  is  different 
from  the  "Reformed  Church  in  America," 
which  previous  to  1867  was  the  "Dutch 
Reformed  Church  in  America."  The  Ger- 
man Reformed  church  was  organized  about 
1740  in  eastern  Penns5'lvania  by  immi- 
grants from  Germany  and  Switzerland,  and 
its  doctrines  are  Calvinistic,  making  the 
Heidelberg  Catechism  its  symbol.  "High 
Church"  and  "Low  Church"  views  at  the 
present  are  the  result  of  a  division  of  the 
prominent  leaders  of  the  church,  the  East- 
ern Synod  being  High  Church  and  the 
Western  Low  Church. 

The  Reformed  settlers  at  York  organized 
a  church  as  First  Reformed  church  at  an 
earl}'  day,  and  it  is  now  known  as  Zion  Re- 
formed church  from  an  interesting  history 
of  which  we  quote: 

"If  all  accounts  are  true  the  Reformed 
Church,  in  York,  antedates  the  organiza- 
tion of  York  County.  There  was  preaching 
in  the  early  1730's. 

However  difficult  it  may  seem  to  get 
along  without  a  leader,  these  Reformed 
people  kept  together  and  not  until  when 
the  Rev.  Jacob  Lischy,  the  great  "Swiss 
Preacher,"  visited  this  settlement  and 
preached  for  them,  did  they  enjoy  the  la- 
bors of  a  stated  clergyman  in  their  midst. 
The  Rev.  Lischy,  having  received  a  call  as 
their  regular  pastor,  he  declined  the  same, 
but  the  congregation  did  not  listen  to  this 
and  as  a  result  sent  him  (Rev.  Lischy)  the 
second  call  on  May  29,  1745,  and  after  a 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


persistent  urging  on  the  part  of  the  mem- 
bers he  accepted  the  call. 

Now  they  had  a  pastor  but  no  house  of 
worship  wherein  these  good  people  could 
gather  until  in  the  year  1746,  when  a  log 
building  was  erected  on  the  ground  where 
the  present  Zion  Reformed  church  stands, 
which  was  known  as  Lot  No.  91,  and  was 
granted  by  the  Penn's. 

There  are  many  interesting  stories  told 
concerning  the  locating  of  the  church  lots 
in  York  donated  by  the  Penns.  It  having 
been  left  to  a  Board  of  Arbitration  as  to 
which  denomination  should  occupy  the 
ground,  the  board  decided  that  the  church 
members  who  would  put  in  the  first  spade 
and  turn  the  ground  on  a  certain  day 
should  forever  hold  the  right  to  the  ground. 
Thus,  where  Christ  Lutheran  church  stands 
today  seems  to  have  been  the  more  favor- 
able lot  at  that  time,  and  both  the  Reformed 
and  Lutherans  being  anxious  to  occupy 
that  plot,  they  arranged  to  be  on  the 
ground.  The  legend  goes  that  while  the 
Reformed  people  had  counted  on  breaking 
ground  at  4  o'clock  a.  m.,  the  Lutherans 
broke  the  ground  at  one  minute  after  12 
o'clock  midnight.  It  seems  the  Reformed 
people  slept  just  four  hours  too  long  to  oc- 
cupy the  desired  lot  of  Christ  Lutheran 
church,  but  it  was  a  fortunate  sleep  for  the 
Reformed  people,  as  they  evidently  occupy 
the  more  desirable  lot,  being  on  the  main 
street  of  the  City,  while  the  other  lot  is  on 
the  side  street. 

Since  the  time  that  these  lots  have  been 
occupied  many  changes  have  taken  place  in 
this  old  colonial  inland  city,  which  has 
greatly  enhanced  the  value  of  property,  and 
this  congregation  as  a  result,  has  largely 
shared  in  the  increase. 

The  present  structure  is  the  Wren  style 
of  architecture  and  comprises  the  finer  de- 
tails known  to  the  early  German  builders, 
who  came  to  this  country  and  had  no  other 


occupation  in  view,  except  that  of  adorning 
the  new  land  with  German  houses  and 
church  edifices.  This  old  Reformed  church, 
in  point  of  architecture,  is  without  a  doubt 
the  peer  of  any  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 
Its  central  tower  and  open  belfry  adorns  its 
low  solid  walls  with  exquisite  symmetry. 
Although  snugly  packed  between  other 
buildings,  it  loses  none  of  its  charms  and 
beauty  and  continues  to  stand  as  an  open 
monument  to  its  early  construction. 

There  seem  to  have  been  some  very  ex- 
citing scenes  through  which  this  congrega- 
tion had  to  pass  while  the  Rev.  Jacob 
Lischy  remained  pastor  on  account  of  his 
unsettled  position  between  the  Reformed 
and  Moravian  churches.  At  different  times 
he  wanted  to  lay  down  his  work  at  this 
place,  but  a  strong  element  prevailed  upon 
him  and  he  remained  pastor  up  to  1760, 
when  he,  withdrawing,  organized  an  inde- 
pendent church  in  Codorus  township  and 
was  deposed  by  the  Synod. 

For  one  year  there  was  no  regular  pastor 
over  this  congregation,  and  not  until  the 
Rev.  John  Conrad  Wirtz  entered  upon  his 
labors  as  pastor  on  May  9,  1762,  when, after 
a  short  period,  he  brought  the  congregation 
into  harmony,  and  through  his  indefatig- 
able labors  the  congregation  prospered,  and 
the  block  building  erected  in  1746  was 
razed  and  steps  taken  towards  the  erection 
of  a  large  stone  building,  of  which  the  cor- 
ner stone  was  laid  May  25,  1763.  The  Rev. 
Wirtz,  however,  did  not  live  to  see  this 
church  completed.  He  died  September  21, 
1763,  and  was  buried  under  the  altar. 

Again,  according  to  records,  there  was  a 
vacancy  for  two  years,  and  there  is  no  rec- 
ord of  these  two  years  to  be  found.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1765,  the  Rev.  William  Otterbein 
was  called  to  the  pastorate,  and  having  ac- 
cepted the  call,  he  became  pastor  in  No- 
vember, 1765,  and  having  a  desire  to  visit 
his  native  land,  he  did  so  in  1770,  and  dur- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


ing  his  absence  in  Germany  of  about  one 
year,  the  Rev.  Daniel  Wagner,  who  was 
then  pastor  at  Kreutz  Creek,  preached  oc- 
casionally. The  Rev.  Otterbein  returned 
on  October  i,  1771,  and  continued  to  be 
pastor  of  this  church  until  1774,  when  he 
went  to  the  city  of  Baltimore.  In  May,  1774, 
the  Rev.  Daniel  Wagner  was  called  to  serve 
this  people.  He  remained  their  pastor  dur- 
ing the  entire  period  of  the  Revolutionary 
war,  resigning  in  the  year  1786  to  accept  a 
call  from  the  Tulpehocken  charge,  in  Berks 
county,  this  State. 

During  the  session  of  the  Continental 
Congress  in  York,  in  1776  and  1777,  many 
of  the  then  prominent  men  attended  divine 
services  in  the  second  building  on  this  lot, 
even  though  the  preaching  was  in  the  Ger- 
man language.  For  many  years  there  was  a 
graveyard  back  of  the  Church,  among  its 
many  dead  were  the  remains  of  Col.  Philip 
Livingston,  one  of  the  signers  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence.  His  remains, 
however,  have  since  been  disinterred,  as 
well  as  the  remains  of  all  the  dead  with  but 
two  exceptions. 

Again  comes  a  period  of  which  there  is 
no  record,  but  it  is  known  that  a  young 
man  named  Rev.  Philip  Stock  preached  and 
also  the  Rev.  George  Troldenier  served  this 
people  for  a  short  period.  These  two  min- 
isters, as  far  as  can  be  learned,  served  from 
the  fall  of  1786  to  the  spring  of  1793.  The 
congregation  still  having  a  love  for  their 
former  pastor,  the  Rev.  Daniel  Wagner, 
they  extended  a  call  to  him,  and  accepting, 
he  entered  upon  his  duties  August  i,  1793. 
H^is  second  ministry  was  more  successful 
than  his  former  one.  During  the  Rev. 
Wagner's  second  pastorate  the  Stone 
church,  built  in  part  under  the  pastorate  of 
Rev.  John  Wirtz,  was  destroyed  by  fire  on 
July  5,  1797,  and  all  the  records  of  the  con- 
gregation were  burned,  save  one  book.  The 
congregation,  under  its  estimable  pastor,  at 


once  took  steps  towards  the  erection  of  a 
new  building,  which  they  erected  on  the 
same  spot,  65x55  feet,  with  the  side  to  the 
front,  and  the  steeple  in  the  rear.  The  cor- 
ner-stone of  this  building  was  laid  June  19, 
1798,  and  dedicated  in  May,  1800,  though 
old  as  it  is,  its  general  appearance  is  good, 
and  a  landmark  to  many  of  our  citizens,wlio 
can  trace  their  ancestry  back  to  the  time 
when  they  were  devoted  seekers  of  salva- 
tion within  its  walls.  The  old  steeple  has 
just  been  remiodeled  at  an  expense  of  sev- 
eral hundred  dollars,  and  it  is  the  finest 
piece  of  colonial  architecture  to  be  seen 
anywhere. 

In  May,  1804,  Rev.  Wagner  resigned  and 
the  Rev.  George  Guistweit  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  and  accepted  the  call,  and  remain- 
ed pastor  of  the  flock  for  sixteen  years,  un- 
til 1820.  Now  there  was  new  life  brought 
to  the  congregation  through  the  calling  of 
the  Rev.  Lewis  Mayer,  D.  D.,  who  began 
his  work  January  8,  1821.  At  this  stage 
English  was  introduced  with  the  German. 
He  built  a  lecture  and  Sunday  school  room 
on  the  rear  of  the  lot.  Having  received  a 
call  to  the  Theological  professorship  in  the 
Seminary  he  resigned  April  3,  1825.  The 
church  having  no  regular  pastor  for  two 
years  the  Rev.  James  Ross  Reily  accepted  a 
call  on  April  i,  1827,  but  his  health  failing, 
he  had  the  Rev.  Daniel  Zacharias,  a  licen- 
tiate, as  his  assistant  from  1828  to  1830. 
The  Rev.  Reily  resigned  July,  1831. 

Not  until  the  Rev.  John  Cares  was  called, 
October  i,  1832,  did  these  people  again 
have  a  regular  pastor.  The  lecture  and 
Sunday  school  room  was  destroyed  by  fire 
December  8,  1837,  and  instead  of  rebuild- 
ing it,  the  congregation  resolved  to  alter 
the  interior  of  the  Church  and  take  off  ten 
feet  of  the  audience  room  and  make  a  two- 
story  building  out  of  it  and  have  the  audi- 
ence room  up  stairs  and  the  Lecture  and 
Sunday  School  room  down  stairs.  The  Rev. 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Cares  served  eleven  years,  having  died 
April  5,   1843. 

Now  followed  an  exciting  and  stormy 
period  in  the  history  of  this  congregation. 
No  sooner  was  the  grave  of  their  beloved 
pastor  closed  than  certain  parties  made  a 
strenuous  efifort  to  secure  the  services  of 
the  Rev.  Herman  Douglas  ,  a  converted 
Jew,  the  pastor  of  an  Associated  Reformed 
Church  at  Hagerstown,  Md.  He  was  a 
powerful  pulpit  orator  and  had  many  bril- 
liant attainments.  This  brought  about  op- 
position, and  the  opposers  brought  the  mat- 
ter before  Classis.  Rev.  Douglas  took 
charge  of  this  Church  July,  1843,  ^"d  re- 
mained only  until  January  I,  1845,  when 
he  resigned  and  went  to  Europe.  The 
congregation  January  16,  1845,  extended 
a  call  to  the  Rev.  William  A.  Good,  of  Ha- 
gerstown, Md.  Rev.  Good  was  the  father 
of  Rev.  James  I.  Good,  D.  D.,  of  Calvary 
Reformed  Church,  Reading,  Pa.  During 
the  pastorate  of  Rev.  Good  the  congrega- 
tion was  chartered  by  the  Legislature,  on 
March  9,  1849,  under  the  title,  "The  First 
Reformed  Church  of  the  Borough  of  York 
and  its  vicinity."  The  first  charter  ever 
issued  to  this  congregation  was  given  at 
Lancaster  January  7,  1809,  by  the  Com- 
monwealth of  Pennsylvania,  Simon  Snyder, 
Governor.  A  copy  of  which  the  congrega- 
tion still  retains. 

Under  this  charter  of  1849  the  congrega- 
tion was  authorized  to  lay  out  a  public 
cemetery  under  the  title  of  "Prospect  Hill 
Cemetery,"  which  contains  at  the  present 
time  between  80  and  100  acres.  In  the 
latter  part  of  Rev.  Good's  pastorate,  it  was 
resolved  to  call  a  co-pastor  to  preach  ex- 
clusively in  the  English  language.  This 
resulted  in  a  call  to  the  Rev.  Phillips  as 
English  pastor,  however,  this  proved  un- 
satisfactory and  they  then  resolved  to  di- 
vide into  two  sections,  English  and  Ger- 
man, each  section  to  call  their  own  pastor 


and  support  him,  but  to  hold  their  prop- 
erty in  common  under  one  corporation. 
This  called  for  the  resignation  of  botli  the 
English  and  German  pastors — Rev.  Phillips 
and  Rev.  William  A.  Good,  in  the  fall  of 
1851. 

The  Rev.  David  Bossier,  of  Harrisburg, 
was  then  called  by  the  Germans,  and  en- 
tered upon  his  duties  April  4,  1852,  and  on 
November  6,  1852,  the  Rev.  J.  O.  Miller, 
of  Winchester,  Va.,  was  called  by  the  Eng- 
lish section,  and  began  his  labors  January 
I,  1853,  and  has  labored  with  his  people 
ever  since;  the  English  section  after  leav- 
ing the  Zion  Reformed  Church,  organized 
and  adopted  the  name  of  Trinity  Reformed. 
Each  of  the  sections  had  the  use  of  the 
audience  room  on  alternate  Sunday  morn- 
ings. In  the  spring  of  1862  Rev  Bossier 
resigned.  He  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev. 
Daniel  Ziegler,  who  became  pastor  of  the 
Mother  Reformed  congregation.  The  in- 
convenience of  two  congregations  worship- 
ping in  one  building  manifested  itself,  and 
steps  were  taken  for  a  final  separation.  Ar- 
ticles of  agreement  for  the  sale  of  the 
Church  property  were  adopted  December 
26,  1862.  The  Germans  paid  the  English 
section,  after  the  sale,  $9,925. 

In  1872  at  a  congregational  meeting  it 
was  decided  to  change  the  name  of  First 
Reformed  Church,  to  that  of  Zion  Re- 
formed Church,  and  the  charter  was  ac- 
cordingly amended,  thus  changing  the 
name  from  First  to  Zion  Reformed  Church, 
of  York,  Pa. 

The  Rev.  Daniel  Ziegler  remained  pas- 
tor until  1875,  when  the  Rev.  Aaron  Span- 
gler  was  called  to  succeed  Rev.  Ziegler, 
and  labored  with  his  flock  until  the  fall  of 
1886.  During  Rev.  Spangler's  pastorate 
the  Church  was  remodeled  at  an  expense 
of  several  thousand  dollars. 

The  Rev.  O.  P.  Schellhamer  was  next 
called  to  take  oversight  of  this  congrega- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


123 


tion,  in  the  spring  of  1887,  and  remained 
pastor  until  March  31,  1894. 

Rev.  Morgan  A.  Peters,  the  present  in- 
cumbent, next  received  a  unanimous  call 
March  12,  1894,  and  began  his  labors  April 
I,  1894.  The  services  at  present  are  con- 
ducted in  both  the  German  and  English 
languages.  The  first  English  sermon  was 
preached  to  this  congregation  on  Sunday 
evening,  September  8th,  1878,  and  at  once 
the  consistory  introduced  the  English  into 
the  Sunday  school.  The  present  member- 
ship of  the  congregation  is  over  400  and  of 
the  Sunday  school  560. 

Thus  you  are  hastened  over  a  brief  his- 
tory of  The  Mother  Reformed  church,  of 
York,  Pa.,  embracing  164  years  from  the 
time  of  its  first  organization. 

Of  the  formation  of  other  Reformed 
churches  we  have  account  of  the  following : 
Emanuel,  of  Hanover,  about  1750;  Trinity, 
Hanover,  1884;  Kreutz  Creek,  about  1750; 
Mt.  Zion,  of  Spring  Garden  township,  1852; 
Hoover,  about  181 9;  Wolf's,  1763;  St. 
John's,  of  Franklin  township,  about  1785; 
Rossville,  1S69;  St.  Paul's,  of  Washington 
township,  1844;  Salem,  1800;  Dover,  1757; 
Zion,  Conewago  township,  1767;  Holz- 
Schwamm,  1775:  Pidgeon  Hill,  about  1786; 

Dubbs, ;  St.  David's  1750;  St.  Peter's, 

Codorus  township,  1760;  Stelze's  1794;  St. 
Jacobs,  about  1785;  Zion,  Codorus  town- 
ship,   ;  Ziegler's  about  1800;  Christ's, 

Codorus,  about  1827;  Shrewsbury,  1822; 
St.  Peter's,  Springfield  township,  1783;  St. 
John's,  York  township,  1748;  St.  Paul's, 
York  township,  1855;  St.  John's,  Red  Lion, 
1882;  Emanuel's,  Windsor  township,  about 
1772;  Locust  Grove,  1874;  Lower  Windsor, 

1764;  and   Lebanon,  .     Many   of  the 

churches  accommodate  both  Lutheran  and 
Reformed  congregations  and  some  of  them 
have  been  so  used  for  over  a  centurv  and  a 
half. 

In  Adams  county  the  Reformed  church 


was  organized  at  Gettysburg  in  1790; 
Emanuel,  of  Berwick  township,  before 
1783;  Zion,  Arendtsville,  about  1781;  Re- 
deemer's, Littlestown,  1859;  St.  James, 
Germany  township,  1851;  Union,  181 1; 
Fairfield,  1824;  Mt.  Olivet,  1745;  Liberty, 
about  1823;  Bendersville,  1824;  Mark's, 
1789;  St.  James,  Mountjoy  township,  1851; 
St.  Luke's,  near  Whitehall,  1846;  St.  Paul's, 
New  Oxford,  1820;  and  Christ,  Union 
township,  1847. 

Cumberland  county  contained  Reformed 
congregations  among  its  early  German  set- 
tlers Carlisle  Reformed  church  was  or- 
ganized before  1807;  Mechanicsburg, ; 

Shippensburg,  about  1780;  Frienden's 
Kirche,  before  1797;  Poplar,  about  1788; 
and  Mifflin  before  1790. 

Friends  or  Quakers.  Originally  calling 
themselves  Seekers  and  later  Friends, 
in  derision  the  name  Quakers  was  applied 
to  them.  They  rose  in  England  about 
1650  and  soon  introduced  the  tenets  of  their 
religious  faith  into  other  European  coun- 
tries and  the  English  colonies  of  North 
America,  where  acting  as  "the  spirit  moved 
them,"  they  taught  valuable  lessons  of  pa- 
tience, prudence,  and  peace  to  the  world. 
Most  prominent  among  their  early  leaders 
was  George  Fox,  and  most  illustrious  of 
their  denomination  is  William  Penn,  the 
founder  of  Pennsylvania.  Refusing  to  take 
oaths,  opposed  to  war,  slavery  and  a  paid 
ministry  and  admitting  women  to  preach, 
they  ran  so  largely  counter  to  the  spirit  of 
the  seventeenth  age  that  persecution  be- 
came their  portion  in  every  land  in  which 
they  settled. 

After  Penn  planted  his  colony  in  Penn- 
sylvania he  welcomed  every  creed  and  faith 
and  while  his  own  followers  were  most 
numerous  on  the  Delaware  and  Schuylkill, 
yet  west  of  the  Susquehanna  they  were  in 
the  minority  in  most  of  the  early  settle- 
ments. 


124 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


The  first  monthly  meeting  in  York 
county  |was  called  Warrington  and  com- 
posed of  Newberry  preparative,  Warring- 
ton worship  and  Menallen  "indulged" 
meetings.  This  monthly  meeting  was  a 
part  of  Concord  quarterly  meeting  which 
belonged  to  the  Philadelphia  yearly  meet- 
ing. 

Warrington  and  Fairfax  quarterly  meet- 
ing was  set  apart  in  1776  and  joined  to  the 
Baltimore  yearly  meeting.  An  "indulged" 
meeting  was  held  at  York  in  1754,  and 
York  monthly  meeting  was  established  in 
1786.  The  York  meeting  house  was  built 
about  1766  and  of  the  meeting  houses  after- 
ward erected  in  the  county,  only  the  Fawn 
Grove  house  remained  in  1885  as  a  place  for 
regular  services.  Warrington  meeting  is 
held  but  once  a  year  and  Newberry  and 
York  meetings  have  been  discontinued  as 
many  of  the  early  Friends  emigrated  south 
and  west  and  the  descendants  of  those  re- 
maining joined  other  denominations.  The 
Quaker  societies  were  principally  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  county.  Near 
Wrightsville  a  meeting  house  was  built 
about  1776,  if  not  earlier.  Another  meeting 
house  was  at  Newberrytown,  west  of  it  was 
a  Friends  school  house,  and  both  probably 
built  before  1770.  The  meeting  house  near 
Wellsville,  and  the  one  at  Fawn  Grove  are 
successors  to  one  built  prior  to  the  Revolu- 
tionary war. 

There  were  Quakers  among  the  settlers 
of  Adams  county  and  in  1850  two  of  their 
societies  were  still  in  existence.  Southeast 
of  York  Springs  is  a  Friends  meeting  house 
and  graveyard,  and  in  Butler  township  is 
another  Quaker  graveyard,  while  beyond 
the  mention  of  these  bare  facts  it  seems 
the  local  historians  have  recorded  nothing 
of  the  Quakers  of  Adams  county. 

In  Cumberland  county  were  some 
Quaker  settlers  but  we  have  no  account  of 
any  meeting  or  meeting  house  of  their's. 


Presbyterians.  Calvinism  was  first  ex- 
emplified at  Strasburg,  France,  where  Cal- 
vin established  a  church  on  his  own  plan  in 
1538,  but  Geneva  was  the  great  center  from 
which  the  system  spread  in  Central  and 
Northwestern  Europe  and  was  carried  by 
John  Knox  into  Scotland  where  it  had 
room  to  expand  from  parochial  sessions 
into  Presbyteries  and  Synods  under  a  gen- 
eral assembly.  John  Knox,  the  disciple  of 
Calvin,  by  his  preaching  founded  Presby- 
terianism  which  is  represented  today  by 
several  denominations. 

While  the  Quaker  was  in  the  northern 
part  of  York  county,  the  Lutheran  and 
German  Reformed  predominated  in  the 
central  part,  and  the  Presbyterians  ruled  in 
the  southern  part  where  they  were  the  first 
settlers  and  have  increased  ever  since  in 
numerical  strength  and  influence. 

The  First  Presbyterian  church  of  York 
was  organized  prior  to  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  while  the  second  or  Calvary 
Presbyterian  church  of  York  did  not  come 
into  existence  until  a  century  later,  being 
formed  in  1882.  The  Wrightsville  church 
was  organized  in  1828;  Dillsburg,  about 
1737;  new  Harmony,  1847;  Chanceford,  be- 
fore 1760;  Stewartstown,  1844;  Centre, 
about  1780;  Slate  Ridge,  about  1747;  and 
Slateville  in   1849. 

The  Presbyterian  church  in  Adams 
county  dates  back  to  the  days  of  early  set- 
tlement. The  Gettysburg  church  was  or- 
ganized about  1740,  and  some  time  later 
Upper  Marsh  Creek  was  formed.  The  Mu- 
masburg  church  was  organized  before 
1882;  Berlin,  in  1801;  Lower  Marsh  Creek, 
before  1790;  York  Springs,  1818;  and 
Great  Conewago,  1740. 

While  Presbyterianism  was  predominant 
in  one  part  of  York  and  prevalent  in  one 
section  of  Adams  county,  yet  its  home  west 
of  the  Susquehanna  seemed  to  be  in  the 
Cumberland  valley  where  nearly  every  strong 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


125 


spring  of  water  had  a  Presbyterian  church 
planted  by  its  side  and  bearing  its  name. 
Cumberland  county  was  first  included  in 
Donegal  Presbytery  which  was  organized 
about  1732  and  two  years  later  Meeting 
House  Springs  and  Silvers'  Spring  congre- 
gations were  formed.  Big  Spring  (now 
Newville)  and  Middle  Spring  (north  of 
Shippensburg)  congregations  were  organ- 
ized about  1740.  The  first  regular  settled 
pastor  was  Rev.  Thomas  Craighead,  a  son 
of  Rev.  Robert  Craighead,  "who  was  in  the 
siege  of  Londonderry,  and  the  father  of 
Rev.  Alexander  Craighead  whose  advanced 
political  views,  in  North  Carolina,  bore  fruit 
after  his  death  in  the  Mecklenburg  Declar- 
ation of  Independence"  made  in  1775.  Rev. 
Thomas  Craighead  was  a  very  eloquent 
man  and  fell  dead  in  the  pulpit  as  he  enun- 
ciated the  word  farewell  in  pronouncing 
the  benediction.  The  First  Presbyterian 
church  of  Carlisle  was  formed  about  1753; 
the  Second  Presbyterian  church  of  Car- 
lisle was  organized  in  1833,  ^"d  Walnut 
Bottom  church  was  formed  in  1810. 

In  speaking  of  the  Scotch-Irish  Presby- 
terians in  the  Cumberland  Valley,  Dr.  Nor- 
cross,  pastor  of  the  Second  Presbyterian 
church  of  Carlisle,  says :  "It  was  the  same 
sturdy  race  of  men  who  planted  the  firbt 
churches  up  the  Susquehanna  and  along 
the  blue  waters  of  the  Juniata,  who  'held 
the  fort'  in  Sherman's  valley  and  set  up 
their  standards  in  the  Path  Valley  region, 
who  planted  old  Monaghan  in  the  edge  of 
York  county,  spread  out  through  the  'Bar- 
rens,' and  built  the  stone  churches  on  the 
Great  Conewago  and  Marsh  Creek.  The 
status  of  the  churches  in  Cumberland  val- 
ley has  been  altered  somewhat  by  the 
changes  which  have  gradually  come  over 
the  race  elements  of  our  population.  Many 
families  of  the  original  settlers  have  passed 
on  the  wave  of  emigration  to  the  west,  and 
their  places   have  been  taken   by  worthy 


people  of  the  German  stock.  But  most  of 
these  original  churches  continue  strong  and 
prosperous,  notwithstanding  the  racial 
changes  which  have  gone  on  around  them. 
The  strength  of  the  original  congregations 
is  evinced  not  only  by  their  present  healthy 
condition,  but  by  the  strong  colonies  which 
they  have  sent  out.  These  young  churches 
have  in  some  instances  quite  equaled  their 
parent  hives,  and  almost  all  are  showing 
the  aggressive  power  of  a  pure  gospel  by 
gathering  into  their  communion  many  who 
were  not  originally  of  Presbyterian  families. 
Our  people  are  generally  true  to  the  tradi- 
tions of  the  fathers;  for  though  devoted  to 
his  "Confession  of  Faith,"  the  Ulsterman 
was  able  to  criticise  it.  The  authority  in 
matters  of  religion  which  it  had  conceded 
to  the  civil  magistrate,  he  was  no  longer 
willing  to  admit.  He  had  learned  some- 
thing in  the  school  of  affliction,  and  on  this 
point  he  had  grown  wiser  than  his  teachers. 
In  an  ideal  Christian  state,  where  all  men 
had  accepted  one  interpretation  of  Scrip- 
ture, it  might  be  a  very  beautiful  system; 
but  in  such  a  very  imperfect  world  as  this, 
with  its  conflicting  opinions  as  to  the  claims 
of  God,  the  powers  of  the  church,  and  the 
needs  of  the  soul,  the  Ulsterman  had  found 
to  his  sorrow  that  the  civil  magistrate  could 
not  be  safely  trusted  with  the  question  of 
heresy.  The  freedom  which  he  claimed  for 
himself  he  conceded  to  others.  The  out- 
ward uniformity  in  religion  which  the 
Westminster  fathers  had  hoped  might  be 
secured  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  he 
saw  was  a  Utopian  dream  which  he  re- 
nounced forever.  He  revised  his  "Confes- 
sion of  Faith"  (1788)  so  as  to  limit  the  pow- 
ers of  the  civil  magistrate  to  secular  con- 
cerns, and  left  the  church  free  in  its  own 
province.  On  this  whole  question  Presby- 
terians of  Pennsylvania  were  greatly  in  ad- 
vance of  the  New  England  Puritans  and 
the  churchmen  of  the  South.    The  restless 


126 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


spirit  of  enterprise  in  the  Scotch-Irish  race 
has  caused  the  children  of  many  of  these 
early  settlers  in  the  Cumberland  valley  to 
seek  their  fortunes  in  distant  parts  of  the 
land,  but  the  churches  which  they  planted 
remain  the  sacred  monuments  of  their  re- 
ligious principles.  Other  races  have  come 
in  to  swell  the  population  of  their  beautiful 
valley,  but  the  day  must  be  far  distant  when 
their  memorials  shall  have  perished  from 
the  land  which  they  at  first  consecrated  to 
liberty  and  religion  by  toil  and  sacrifice  in 
tears  and  blood.'" 

United  Presbyterians.  This  denomina- 
tion was  formed  in  1858  by  a  union  of  the 
"Associate  Reformed"  and  the  Associate 
Presbyterian"  churches.  The  "Associate 
Reformed"  church  was  formed  in  1782  by 
a  union  of  large  portions  of  the  Associate 
and  Reformed  Presbyterian  churches,  both 
of  which  were  oiifshoots  from  the  church 
of  Scotland.  The  Associate  or  Seceder 
church  was  organized  in  1733,  while  the 
Reformed  or  Covenanter  church,  although 
organized  about  1706,  yet  many  Covenants 
were  associated  together  as  early  as  1588, 
and  one  time  had  been  known  as  Cameron- 
ians  and  also  as  Mountain  People.  Rev. 
John  Cuthbertson  held  the  first  Covenan- 
ters' communion  in  America,  near  New 
Kingston,  Cumberland  county,  in  1752, 
while  his  first  sermon  had  been  preached  in 
Adams  county  on  September  i,  1751.  Be- 
fore his  arrival  seven  or  eight  Covenanter 
societies  had  been  organized  between  the 
Susquehanna  and  the  Blue  Ridge.  Guinston 
Associate  church  in  Chanceford  township, 
York  county,  was  organized  about  1753; 
Airville  United  Presbyterian  church  in 
Lower  Chanceford  township,  in  1771 ;  and 
Hopewell,  in  Hopewell  township  in  1800. 

In  Adams  county  Upper  Marsh  Reform- 
ed church  was  organized  April  8,1753:  Hill 
or  Marsh  Creek  Associate  church  before 


1763  and  one  or  two  other  early  churches 
of  which  no  account  can  be  secured. 

Cumberland  county  contained  Covenan- 
ter congregations.  Stony  Ridge  Covenan- 
ter church  was  organized  about  1752,  when 
the  Covenanters  in  the  county  were  esti- 
mated at  250,  but  of  the  two  or  three  other 
congregations  in  the  county  no  account 
has  been  preseved. 

Episcopalians.  This  denomination  had 
its  origin  in  England,  and  was  planted  in 
America  under  the  auspices  of  the  Eng- 
lish Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the 
Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts  which  contributed 
largely  to  the  support  of  the  ministers  of  its 
churches  in  Pennsylvania  prior  to  the  Revo- 
lution. The  three  English  orders  of  bish- 
ops, priests  and  deacons  are  retained  in  this 
country,  where  the  churches  choose  their 
pastors,  the  parish,  the  vestry,  and  the 
communicants,  the  church-wardens.  The 
Episcopalians  form  a  large  and  respectable 
denomination  in  the  United  States,  and 
their  church  vestries  always  embrace  men 
of  prominence  and  worth. 

When  the  first  regular  Episcopal  mis- 
sionary from  England  visited  York  in  1755 
he  found  a  congregation  of  Churchmen,  but 
without  pastoral  care.  This  missionary, 
Rev.  Thomas  Barton,  organized  congrega- 
tions at  York  Springs,  in  Adams,  and  Car- 
lisle, in  Cumberland  county,  and  sotight 
to  convert  the  Indians.  He  also  armed  and 
led  his  congregations  in  several  Indian 
campaigns.  He  served  St.  John's  church 
at  York,  where  he  was  succeeded  about 
1765,  by  Rev.  John  Andrews,  who  secured 
the  building  of  the  first  church  edifice 
either  in  1766  or  1769.  Succeeding  Rev. 
John  Andrews  came  Revs.  Daniel  Batwell, 
1772  to  1776;  John  Campbell,  1784  to  1804; 
John  Armstrong,  1810  to  1819;  Grandison 
Asquith,  1821  to  1823;  Charles  Williams 
1S23  to  1825;  Richard  Hall,  1826  to  1836; 
W.  E.  Franklin,  1836  to  1838;  J.  H.  Mars- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


127 


den,  1841  to  1844;  J.  H.  Hoffman,  1844  to 
1849:  Charles  West  Thomson,  1849  to 
1866;  W.  P.  Orrick,  i86^to  1873;  Octavius 
Perinchief,  1873-74;  E.  L.  Stoddard,  1874 
to  1877;  W.  T.  Wilson,  1877  to  1878;  H. 
W.  Spalding,  1878  to  1883;  and  Arthur  C. 
Powell,  who  was  called  to  the  rectorship 
in  June  1883. 

St.  John's  Episcopal  church  of  Carlisle 
was  organized  about  1754,  erected  its  first 
church  edifice  in  1765,  and  has  been  served 
by  some  very  able  rectors. 

In  Adams  county  Christ  church  of  York 
Springs  was  organized  about  1756,  and 
was  served  by  the  rectors  of  St.  John's 
church  of  York  until  1804,  since  which  year 
it  has  had  different  pastors  for  a  large  part 
of  the  time.  Another  church  of  which  we 
have  no  history  was  erected  prior  to  1850, 
and  in  1875  ^^  Episcopal  church  was  or- 
ganized at  Gettysburg. 

Baptists.  This  denomination  is  distin- 
guished from  all  other  religious  denomina- 
tons  by  its  opinions  respecting  the  ordin- 
ance of  Christian  Baptism.  The  Baptist 
claim  their  origin  from  the  ministry  of 
Christ  and  his  Apostles,  trace  their  history 
through  a  succession  of  churches  down  to 
the  Reformation,  and  then  after  half  a  cen- 
tury of  persecution  alike  from  Catholic  and 
Protestant,  found  protection  under  the 
Prince  of  Orange,  the  founder  of  the  Dutch 
Republic.  The  Baptist  disclaim  all  con- 
nection with  the  Anabaptists,  have  largely 
been  pioneers  of  religion,  and  an  able 
writer  says,  that  "theirs  is  the  high  honor 
of  establishing  in  the  little  colony  of  Rhode 
Island,  in  1636,  the  first  civil  government 
in  modern  times  which  declared  that  con- 
science should  be  free." 

The  first  Baptist  church  in  the  Nine- 
teenth District  seems  to  have  been  Dover 
church  which  was  founded  about  1804  and 
had  its  house  of  worship  on  the  site  of  Roh- 
ler's  meeting  house.  The  First  Baptist  church 


of  York  was  constituted  May  21,  1851, 
Peach  Bottom  church  at  Delta  was  organ- 
ized in  1872,  and  other  churches  are  said  to 
have  existed  in  York  county  prior  to  1850. 

In  Adams  county  we  find  no  account  of 
any  regularly  organized  Baptist  church, 
while  in  Cumberland  county  there  is  no 
account  by  the  local  historians  of  any 
church  of  this  denomination,  yet  the  census 
reports  of  1850  credits  the  county  with  five 
Baptist  churches. 

Catholics.  The  Roman  Catholic  church 
claims  "that  God  has  promised  and  conse- 
quently bestows  upon  it,  a  constant  and 
perpetual  protection,  to  the  extent  of  guar- 
anteeing it  from  destruction,  from  error,  or 
fatal  corruption,"  They  also  claim  that  the 
Holy  Catholic  Apostolic  Roman  church  is 
the  mother  of  all  churches,  and  that  obedi- 
ence is  due  to  the  Bishop  of  Rome,  as  suc- 
cessor to  St.  Peter,  prince  of  the  apostle, 
and  vicar  of  Jesus  Christ;  and  complain  that 
doctrines  are  laid  to  their  charge  which 
they  do  not  hold.  The  early  Catholics  in 
the  United  States  settled  in  Maryland  and 
along  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  but  since 
1850  the  tide  of  foreign  immigration  has 
added  largely  to  their  numbers  and  made 
their  growth  rapid  and  substantial. 

The  Jesuit  fathers  came  into  what  is  now 
Conewago  township,  Adams  county,  as 
early  as  1720,  some  of  them  being  from 
Baltimore  and  others  from  Montreal  and 
Quebec,  Canada.  Josiah  Grayton,  S.  J., 
used  the  wigwam  for  a  temple,  and  in  1730 
or  1735  came  Irish  and  German  Catholic 
settlers  who  organized  Conewago  congre- 
gation, long  known  as  Conewago  chapel, 
now  the  Church  of  the  Sacred  Heart.  The 
Gettysburg  church  was  organized  prior  to 
1826;  St.  Ignatius,  before  1816;  St.  Aloy- 
sius,  about  1790;  Paradise,  about  1780; 
Fairfield  Mission,  1851;  St.  Joseph's  1859; 
and  Immaculate  Heart,  1852. 

A  supply  station  of  the  Jesuits  of  Cone- 


128 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


wago  was  established  at  an  early  day  at 
Carlisle  and  in  due  time  became  the  pres- 
ent St.  Patrick's  church  of  that  place. 

From  Conewago  the  Jesuit  Fathers 
passed  into  York  county  and  founded  sup- 
ply stations,  some  of  which  became 
churches. 

St.  Patrick's  church  of  York  was  organ- 
ized prior  to  1750;  St.  Mary's,  1852;  St. 
Joseph's,  of  Hanover,  1853;  Paradise,  be- 
fore 1843;  St.  John,  1842;  St.  Joseph's,  of 
Dallastown,  before  1851;  and  a  church  in 
Codorus  township. 

Moravians.  The  Unitas  Fratrum  or 
Church  of  the  Bohemian  and  Moravian 
Brethren  was  founded  by  followers  of  John 
Huss  in  1457,  and  by  persecution  became 
very  nearly  extinct,  but  a  "hidden  seed"  re- 
mained in  Herrnhut  church  organized  in 
1722,  on  the  estates  of  Count  Zinzendorf. 
The  Moravians  are  strictly  evangelical  in 
doctrine  with  a  simple  ritual  and  in  1742 
first  came  to  PennsA'lvania,  settling  at  Beth- 
lehem. 

Services  were  held  in  York  county  by 
Moravian  missionaries  as  early  as  1744  and 
in  1851  Rev.  Philip  John  Meurer  organized 
the  present  Moravian  church  of  York, 
whose  earliest  members  were  among  the 
original  lot  holders  of  the  town  and  for 
several  years  had  been  a  part  of  the  first 
German  Reformed  congregation  of  York. 
Another  church  was  organized  in  Codorus 
township  over  a  century  ago  but  has  gone 
down. 

Adams  county  contained  some  Mora- 
vians in  her  early  settlements  and  a  Mora- 
vian church  was  still  in  existence  in  1850. 

Although  the  census  returns  of  1850 
give  six  Moravian  churches  in  Cumberland 
county  for  that  year,  yet  the  local  histor- 
ians are  alike  silent  as  to  past  record  or 
present  existence  of  any  these  churches. 

Mennonites.  This  denomination  was 
founded  by  Menno  Simon  and  in  1708  a 


church  was  organized  at  Germantown, 
which  soon  established  numerous  branches 
in  the  eastern  counties  of  Pennsylvania. 
They  practice  baptism  by  pouring  and  lay- 
ing on  of  hands,  and  oppose  every  form  of 
infant  baptism. 

The  Manchester  Society  in  York  county 
was  formed  prior  to  1810;  Dover  society, 
1753;  Bairs,  1774;    and     Hanover,    before 

1773- 

Hanover,  Bairs,  and  Hosteter's  meeting 
in  Adams  county  are  served  by  one  minis- 
ter and  form  one  congregation  with  three 
meeting  houses.  There  is  a  church  in 
Washington  and  one  in  Codorus  township, 
and  in  1885  York  county  contained  twelve 
Mennonite  congregations,  while  Flohr 
church,  now  Mumasburg,  in  Adams 
county,  was  formed  in  1822. 

In  Cumberland  county  the  Mennonites 
about  1803  were  sufficiently  strong  to  or- 
ganize a  congregation  at  Slate  Hill,  near 
Shiremanstown.  The  Stone  church  congre- 
gation was  formed  at  a  point  two  miles  east 
of  Carlisle,  before  1832,  while  services  in 
English  and  German  were  conducted  in 
1885  at  various  other  places. 

The  Reformed  Mennonites  who  separat- 
ed from  the  old  church  party  in  181 1  pro- 
fess to  live  nearer  the  doctrines  and  usages 
of  the  primitive  church  than  the  latter  and 
established  congregations  at  Winding  Hill, 
Middlesex  and  Plainfield. 

Qerman  Baptists.  This  denomination 
is  also  known  as  Tunkers  or  Dunkards.and 
in  many  places  is  divided  into  three 
branches.  Primitive,  Conservative  and  Pro- 
gressive. 

The  mother  church  commenced  at 
Schwardzenau,  Germany,  in  1708,  with  but 
seven  members,  and  "that  in  a  place  where 
no  Baptist  had  been  in  the  memory  of  man, 
nor  any  now  are."  The  first  German  Bap- 
tists in  Pennsylvania  came  in  1719,  and  the 
denomination  is  known  as  a  peace-loving 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


129 


and  industrious  people,  who  practice  trine 
immersion,  are  opposed  to  war  and  secret 
societies,  and  call  themselves  "Brethren." 
Some  of  the  Brethren  were  among  the  early 
settlers  who  came  to  York  county  in  1736 
and  two  years  later  formed  their  first 
church  in  the  vicinity  of  Hanover.  The 
second  church  was  formed  in  1741,  being 
14  miles  west  of  York.  The  Bermudian 
church  was  organized  in  1758;  and  York 
county  in  1885  was  divided  into  three 
church  districts:  Upper  Codorvis,  with 
Black  Rock,  Jefferson,  Wildasin's  and  Bea- 
ver Creek  meeting  houses;  Lower  Codorus, 
with  Loganville,  Herbst,  Union  and  West 
York  meeting-houses;  and ,  with  Ber- 
mudian, Walgemuth's,  Altland's  and  Union 
meeting  houses. 

In  Adams  county  we  have  account  of 
Biglerville,  East  Berlin,  Trostel's,  Hamp- 
ton's, Latimore,  Liberty,  Upper  Conewago 
churches,  but  with  no  definite  dates  of  or- 
ganization; while  in  Cumberland  county 
there  were  preaching  points  maintained  at 
private  houses,  and  in  barns  and  school 
houses  until  1823,  when  Elder  Daniel  Bol- 
inger  efifected  a  church  organization  that 
existed  up  to  1836,  in  which  year  the 
the  church  was  divided  into  two  congrega- 
tions, called  respectively  the  Upper  church 
and  the  Lower  church.  At  first  these  con- 
gregations met  in  Union  houses,  but  be- 
tween 1855  and  1885,  they  built  meeting 
Louses  at  Baker's,  IVliller's,  Mohler's, 
Huntsville,  Boiling  Springs  and  Fogel- 
sangers. 

United  Brethren.  This  society,  al- 
though distinct  from  the  Moravians,  is  of- 
ten mistaken  for  the  latter.  The  United 
Brethren  in  Christ  was  founded  in  1800  by 
Rev.  Philip  Wilhelm  Otterbein,  who  came 
to  this  county  in  1752  and  preached  for  a 
time  with  Bishop  Asbury.  Otterbein  was  a 
minister  of  the  German  Reformed  church 
and  preached  that  all  true  Christians,  of 


whatever  name,  should  unite  at  the  Lord's 
table.  The  concord  was  such  among  those 
of  different  denominations  who  joined  him 
that  they  agreed  to  take  the  name  of  United 
Brethren  in  Christ. 

Probably  the  oldest  congregation  is  in 
AVindsor  township,  York  county,  where 
Zion  church  was  organized  soon  after  1800. 
Hanover  church  was  formed  prior  to  1847; 
Franklintown,  before  1849;  Dover,  1858; 
and  Mt.  Zion,  1847. 

In  Adams  county  there  is  record  of  the 
following  churches:    Biglerville,  organized 

in  1859;   Idaville,     1859;    Latimore,   ; 

ilountjoy,  1869;  Salem,  before  1845;  ^^d 
Heidlersburg,  1840. 

Congregations  of  the  United  Brethren 
are  to  be  found  in  all  parts  of  Cumberland 
county.  The  Mechanicsburg  church  was  or- 
ganized in  1846;  Shippensburg,  1866;  New 
Cumberland,  before  1873;  Newville,  before 
1867,  and  several  other  churches  of  which 
no  record  is  to  be  found. 

Welsh  Calvinists  and  Congregational- 
ists.  The  Welsh  slate  miners  in  Peach 

Bottom  township,  York  county,  have  two 
churches.  West  Bangor  Calvinistic  Metho- 
dist church,  organized  before  1854,  and  the 
West  Bangor  Congregational  church  or- 
ganized in  1855. 

Methodists.  The  Methodist  Episcopal 
church  in  the  United  States  was  organized 
in  1784,  and  in  less  than  a  century  spread 
over  the  whole  North  American  continent 
numbering  its  members  by  the  million.  The 
Revolutionary  war  led  to  its  establishment 
and  prior  to  that  Methodism  was  without 
an  organized  ministry  and  without  ordi- 
nances. Philip  Embury,  a  local  preacher, 
first  introduced  Methodism  in  New  York 
city  in  1766  and  in  1873  the  Preachers' 
National  Association  erected  a  beautiful 
monument  to  his  memory  and  on  the  mar- 
ble shaft  was  the  eloquent  inscription  dic- 
tated by  the  brilliant  Maffit:  "Philip  Em- 


130 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


bury,  the  earliest  American  minister  of  the 
jMethodist  Church,  here  found  his  last 
earthly  resting  place.  Born  in  Ireland,  an 
emigrant  to  New  York,  Embury  was  the  first 
to  gather  a  little  class  in  that  city,  and  to 
put  in  motion  a  train  of  measures  which  re- 
sulted in  the  founding  of  John  Street 
church,  the  cradle  of  American  Methodism, 
and  the  introduction  of  a  system  which  has 
beautified  the  earth  with  salvation  and  in- 
creased the  joys  of  heaven."  Upon  ques- 
tions of  church  government  there  have  been 
secessions  from  the  Methodist  church  and 
among  those  seceding  churches  are  the 
Southern  Methodists,  the  Reformed  Meth- 
odists, the  Methodist  Society,  the  Metho- 
dist Protestants,  the  Wesleyan  Methodists, 
the  Primitive  Methodists  and  the  Evangeli- 
cal Association. 

Methodism  was  introduced  into  York 
county  in  1 781  by  Rev.  Freeborn  Garret- 
son,  who  preached  first  in  the  house  of 
James  Worley  and  then  at  Lewisberry  on 
his  way  to  Carlisle.  The  first  churches 
were  at  York  and  Lewisberry,  and  now 
exist  in  all  the  EngHsh  speaking  townships 
of  the  county.  In  York  the  first  church 
was  organized  about  1781,  and  next  came 
Beaver  Street  church,  from  which  origi- 
nated West  Princess  street  and  Ridge 
Avenue  churches,  while  Duke  street  church 
was  organized  in  1861,  and  Princess  street 
church  was  the  result  of  a  Sunday  school 
started  in  1881.  Lewisberry  church  was 
organized  about  1 781;  Hanover,  1825; 
Wrightsville  before  1828;  Newberry  town, 
1833;  Rock  Chapel,  1794;  Shrewsbury, 
181 1 ;  Glen  Rock,  1865;  Bethel,  1821;  Mc- 
Kendree,  1825;  Stewartstown,  before  1833; 
and  Zion,  1845. 

Turning  to  Adams  county  we  find  that 
the  Gettysburg  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
was  organized  in  1818;  Littlestown,  in 
1828;  East  Berlin,  1854;  Fairfield,  1827; 
Bendersville,  about  1832:  Pine  Grove,  1870: 


Wenksville,  1872;  New  Oxford,  1829;  Read- 
ing, 1851;  and  Hunterstown,  1839. 

The  Methodist  church  in  Cumberland 
county  dates  back  to  1787  and  to  Shippens- 
burg  where  in  that  year  the  first  Methodist 
church  in  the  Cumberland  valley  was  or- 
ganized. The  Carlisle  church  was  formed 
before  1823;  Newville,  1826;  Mechanics- 
burg,  1827;  Mt.  Holly,  before  i860;  and 
New  Cumberland,  West  Fairview  and 
Rehobath  were  organized  between  1875 
and  1885. 

Methodist  Protestant.  This  branch  of 
Methodism  was  organized  at  Baltimore  in 
1830,  when  thirteen  annual  conferences 
were  represented.  They  reject  episcopacy 
assert  ministerial  parity,  and  give  an  equal 
representation  to  ministers  and  laymen. 

The  Methodist  Protestants  in  York 
county  organized  their  first  congregations 
in  the  southeastern  section  in  Hopewell, 
Fawn  and  Peachbottom  townships.  Fawn 
Grove  circuit  of  the  Maryland  conference 
consists  of  Mt.  Nebo,  Mt.  Olivet,  Delta  and 
Norrisville  churches  and  Whiteside  chapel. 

In  Adams  county  we  find  no  account  in 
the  local  histories  of  any  Methodist  Pro- 
testant church;  while  in  Cumberland 
county  the  Barnitz's  Hill  church  was  or- 
ganized prior  to  1844. 

Evangelicals.  This  denomination  gen- 
erally called  the  Albrights,  are  a  branch  of 
the  Methodist  church,  and  was  organized 
in  1800  by  the  Rev.  Jacob  Albright  who 
confined  his  labors  chiefly  to  the  German 
population  of  Eastern  Pennsylvania.  Al- 
bright was  "a  man  of  limited  education,  but 
earnest  piety,"  first  a  Lutheran  and  after- 
wards a  Methodist.  The  denomination  he 
established  called  itself  the  Evangelical 
Association  of  North  America  and  is  now 
divided  in  two  organizations. 

The  Evangelical  Association  was  intro- 
duced into  York  county  in  1810,  in  Shrews- 
bury, Springfield  and  Dover  townships.  The 


Nini:teenth  Congressional  District. 


131 


first  church  erected  was  at  Shrewsbury  and 
in  1885  eleven  charges  were  in  existence: 
Queen  street  and  King  street,  in  York, 
York  Circuit,  Prospect,  Chanceford,  Jar- 
rettsville  (Md.),  Shrewsbury,  Glen  Rock, 
Loganville,  Dillsburg,  and  Lewisberry. 

In  the  local  history  of  Adams  county  we 
find  nothing  of  any  Evangelical  church,  but 
in  Cumberland  county  there  are  records 
that  place  Letort  Spring  church  as  the  first 
organization  effected  there  and  make  its 
establishment  to  have  been  in  1833.  Suc- 
ceeding Letort  Springs  church  came  church 
organizations  and  houses  of  worship  at 
Carlisle,  Cleversburg,  Hickorytown,  Lees- 
burg,  McClure's  Gap,  Middlesex,  Mifflin, 
Mount  Holly,  Mount  Rock,  New  Kingston, 
and  Wagner's.  At  Carlisle  a  class  was 
formed  in  1866,  and  four  years  later  St. 
Paul's  Evangelical  church  was  completed 
and  dedicated. 

The  African  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
and  the  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Zion 
church  both  have  congregations  within  the 
district,  the  former  body  copying  after  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  from  which 
the  other  body  seceded  in  1820. 

Winebrennarians,  or  Hembers  of  the 
Church  of  Qod.  This  denomination  was 
formed  in  Lancaster  county  in  1830  by  Rev. 
John  Winebrenner,  and  while  Arminian  in 
doctrine  is  Presbyterian  in  ecclesiastical 
government,  but  rejecting  infant  baptism 
and  practicing  immersion. 

The  Church  of  God  was  established  in  the 
upper  end  of  York  county,  about  1835,  and 
during  the  half  century  succeeding,  twelve 
churches  were  organized  in  Newberry, 
Warrington,  Monaghan,  Franklin  and 
Windsor  townships.  Some  of  these  churches 
are  designated  as  bethels. 

There  are  Winebrennarians  in  Adams 
county,  but  we  have  no  record  of  any 
churches. 

In  Cumberland  county  in  1834  or  1835, 


the  Union  Christian  church  of  Shippens- 
burg,  which  had  been  formed  in  1828,  be- 
came a  Church  of  God  congregation.  Be- 
tween 1835  and  1885,  congregations  were 
organized  and  bethels  or  houses  of  wor- 
ship erected  at  Milltown,  formed  1833; 
Walnut  Grove,  1835;  Shiremanstown,  1837; 
Newburg,  1834;  Newville,  1837;  Green 
Spring,  1852;  Plainfield,  1854;  and  Carlisle, 
1864. 

River  Brethren.  Distinct  from  the 
Moravians,  German  Baptists  and  United 
Brethren,  this  denomination  was  formed 
along  the  Susquehanna  river,  in  Conoy 
township,  Lancaster  county,  in  1786,  al- 
though there  had  been  a  temporary  organi- 
zation from  1776.  They  worship  in  union 
houses  at  the  villages  of  Manchester, 
Strinestown  and  Longstown,  in  York 
county,  and  some  of  them  reside  in  Adams 
and  Cumberland,  but  we  find  no  account  of 
their  church  organizations  in  York  county, 
where  they  have  congregations. 

Dutch  Reformed.  The  Dutch  Reform- 
ed church  was  founded  in  America,  at  New 
York,  in  1619,  and  since  1866  has  been 
known  as  the  Reformed  church,  as  its  ser- 
vices are  all  in  English.  It  has  but  little  to 
distinguish  it  from  the  American  Presby- 
terian church. 

The  Dutch  in  the  Conewago  settlement, 
of  Adams  county,  organized  a  church  two 
miles  east  of  Hunterstown,  but  its  members 
in  1817  obtained  permission  from  the  leg- 
islature to  sell  their  church  property  on 
account  of  dissentions  and  western  emigra- 
tion and  the  church  organization  was  dis- 
solved. 

A  comprehensive  view  may  be  obtained 
of  the  religious  denominations  of  the  Nine- 
teenth District  nearly  half  a  century  ago 
from  the  United  States  census  report  of 
1850  which  gives  the  following  denomina- 
tions and  the  number  of  churches  of  each 
in  Adams,  Cumberland  and  York  counties: 


132 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Denominations.     Adams.  Cumb'l'd.  York. 

Baptist 5  3 

Catholic  3  2  3 

Episcopal 2  I  I 

Free i 

Friends 2  .  .  4 

Germ'n  Reformed        363 

Mennonite 3  10 

Lutherans 15  11  30 

Method't  Ep'cop'l      14  15  24 

Moravian i  6  2 

Minor  Sects .  .  4 

Presbyterian  ....        7  13  14 

Tunker i  .  .  i 

Union 11  4 

Totals 48  74  103 

Cemeteries.  With  the  early  church 
stood  the  school  house,  and  adjoining  was 
the  graveyard  whose  earliest  tomb  stones  of 
sandstone  or  flagstone  were  either  unletter- 
ed or  else  but  rudely  carved  to  tell  the  nam.e 
and  virtues  of  those  whose  fondest  memory 
in  life  was  of  childhood's  happy  wander- 
ings in  Rhineland  valleys    or    on    Scottish 


highlands.  As  the  settlements  grew  and  the 
graveyard  increased  its  area,  marble  came  in 
use,  and  within  the  memory  of  some  of  the 
living  the  memorial  tablet  and  the  monu- 
mental pillar  were  first  erected  amid  the 
weathern-worn  stones  of  a  century  ago.  By 
1858  many  oi  the  old  graveyards  had  been 
abandoned,  while  others  had  been  enlarged, 
improved  and  beautified  and  henceforth 
became  known  as  cemeteries.  Also  cemetery 
companies  came  into  existence  and  the 
larger  towns  commenced  to  lay  out  their 
"cities  of  the  dead"  with  walks,  trees  and 
flowers,  and  the  resting  places  of  the  dead 
were  no  longer  the  special  property  of  the 
church. 

The  225  churches  of  1850  will  in  all  pro- 
bability increase  to  400  in  number  with  the 
closing  year  of  the  present  century,  and 
with  their  missionary  and  Sunday  school 
work  will  then  be  recognized  as  most  im- 
portant factors  in  the  civil  and  commercial 
as  well  as  in  the  aesthetic  and  moral 
growth  of  the  Nineteenth  district. 


CHAPTER  IX. 


Literature  and  the  Press. 


THE  FACTS  of  a  language  involve 
its  laws,  but  the  productions  of  a 
language  constitute  its  literature, 
and  the  literature  of  a  country,  a  district  or 
a  county  is  one  of  the  most  instructive  parts 
of  their  history.  Literature  ebbs  and  flows 
like  the  tide,  but  without  its  regularity,  and 
unusual  literary  activity  is  a  manifestation 
of  an  increased  mental  energy  which  always 
marks  a  period  great  in  deeds  and  in 
changes. 

Literary  attainments  were  an  object  with 
many  of  the  early  settlers,  and  the  classical 
schools  and  academies  founded  at  Carlisle, 
York  and  near  the  site  of  Gettysburg  before 
the  Revolutionary  war  led  to  the  establish- 
ment in  1783  of  Dickinson  college,  which 
was  the  first  college  in  the  Cumberland 
valley,  and  is  the  thirteenth  in  age  of  the 
present  four  hundred  colleges  of  the  United 
States.  Dickinson  college  was  an  import- 
ant factor  in  arousing  a  literary  spirit  in  the 
counties  of  the  present  Nineteenth  Con- 
gressional District,  and  from  its  portals 
have  gone  forth  many  men  of  national  repu- 
tation, while  in  addition  to  James  Bu- 
chanan and  other  distinguished  graduates 
of  Dickinson,  the  district  has  been  the 
home  of  Brackenridge,  Ross,  Black,  Stev- 
ens, Lenhart,  Miller,  Watts,  Gibson,  Mese- 
heimer,  Fisher,  McPherson,  Durant,  Rich- 
ard, Bradby,  Sheely,  Wing,  Wills,  Boyd, 
Norcross,  Hersh,  Gassat,  Crawford, 
Schmucker,  Swartz,  Valentine,  Wolf  and 
others  who  have  won  standing  and  fame  in 
many  different  fields  of  authorship. 


Bibliography.  Although  numerous  and 
prominent  yet  it  is  impossible  at  this  writ- 
ing to  give  an}'thing  near  a  list  of  the  writ- 
ers and  authors  of  the  Nineteenth  District, 
as  the  data  lacking  would  require  a  long 
and  painstaking  research  to  secure  it. 

Dickinson  and  Pennsylvania  colleges 
have  graduated  many  able  men  whose 
works  have  been  recognized  as  of  high 
standing  in  various  fields  of  literature,  while 
others  educated  in  the  public  schools  and 
the  academies  have  achieved  well  in  the 
line  of  authorship. 

Hugh  Henry  Brackenridge  was  among 
the  early  distinguished  authors.  He  was 
a  native  of  Scotland,  but  grew  to  manhood 
in  York  county  and  wrote  Modern  Chi- 
valry, a  satire  on  the  state  of  society  at 
that  time,  of  which  it  was  a  fair  picture. 

Ellis  Lewis,  a  son  of  the  founder  of 
Lewisberry,  and  for  some  years  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania, 
was  author  of  the  Abridgement  of  the 
Criminal  Law  of  the  United  States,  and 
wrote  articles  of  literary  merit  for  leading 
periodicals. 

Lewis  Mayer,  an  able  Reformed  minister, 
who  resigned  the  presidency  of  a  theologi- 
cal seminary,  to  devote  his  time  entirely  to 
literary  labors,  was  the  author  of  Sin  against 
the  Holy  Ghost,  Lectures  on  Scriptural 
Subjects,  Hermeneutics  and  Exegesis,  and 
History  of  the  German  Reformed  Church. 

Jeremiah  S.  Black,  while  but  the  author 
of  two  books,  both  Supreme  Court  reports, 
in   addition  to   his  distinguished   legal   la- 


134 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


bors  found  time  to  write  many  excellent 
articles  on  controverted  subjects  in  differ- 
ent fields  of  literature. 

Stephen  Gill  Boyd,  much  of  whose  life 
has  been  given  to  the  study  of  literary  and 
scientific  subjects,  will  be  long  remem- 
bered by  his  work,  Indian  Local  Names 
with  their  Interpretation,  which  was  issued 
in  1885.  This  book  is  dedicated  to  the 
common  school  teachers,  and  "will  awaken 
a  deeper  interest  in  the  subject  of  which  it 
treats,  and  in  the  history,  habits  and  man- 
ners of  the  aboriginal  races  of  America." 
Mr.  Boyd  in  his  introduction  says,  "Scat- 
tered all  over  our  continent  are  to  be  found 
scores  upon  scores  of  local  names  standing 
as  silent  but  most  eloquent  memorials  of 
the  previous  existence  of  aboriginal  races. 
To  all  appearances  those  names  are  almost 
as  imperishable  as  the  objects  to  which 
they  are  attached,  and  whilst  the  sweet 
melody  of  their  sounds  is  the  subject 
of  unceasing  admiration,  their  signification 
though  known  to  comparatively  few  per- 
sons, are  no  less  entitled  to  the  attention  of 
those  who  admire  the  exercise  of  good 
judgment  in  the  practical  affairs  of  life,  and 
the  beautiful  in  thought  and  sentiment.  To 
bring  into  clearer  relief  some  of  those  char- 
acteristics of  our  aboriginal  races,  as  illus- 
trated in  their  local  nomenclature,  as  well 
as  to  give  greater  zest  to  the  study  of  our 
local  history  and  geography,  is  the  chief 
purpose  of  this  compilation."  Mr.  Boyd 
succeeded  well  in  his  object  and  his  work 
is  accepted  as  a  standard  on  Indian  local 
names. 

Chauncey  Forward  Black,  distinguished 
in  politics  and  journalism,  often  wanders  in- 
to graceful  lines  of  literature  in  which  he 
has  done  much  good  work. 

Grier  Hersh  is  another  native  of  York 
county,  who  has  written  some  widely  read 
articles,  one  of  which  on  the  Scotch-Irish 
of  York  and  Adams  counties  is  published  in 


the  proceedings  of  the  Eighth  Scotch-Irish 
Congress  of  America  which  met  in  Harris- 
burg  in  1896. 

H.  L.  Fisher  has  written  numerous 
poems  and  prose  articles  of  merit,  and  is 
best  known  by  his  Olden  Times  or  Penn- 
sylvania Rural  Life,  some  fifty  years  ago, 
which  tells  in  verse  of  the  old  home,  pious 
and  popular  superstitions,  old  time  customs 
habits,  employments  and  recreations.  In 
his  prefatory  remarks  he  says  "The  family 
home  is  a  divine  institution;  a  heaven-like 
retreat  in  our  earthly  pilgrimage;  the  scene 
of  births  and  deaths,  of  hopes  and  fears, 
joys  and  sorrows.  Yet  to  it  we  turn  from 
the  toils  and  troubles  of  life  for  rest  and 
comfort  as  to  the  shadow  of  a  great  rock 
in  a  weary  land  or  a  fountain  in  the  desert. 
We  would  not,  even  if  we  could,  turn  back 
the  hand  of  progress  and  real  improvement, 
so  as  to  restore  the  state  of  things  that  ex- 
isted a  half  century  or  more  ago.  All  that 
is  claimed  or  urged  is  a  due  respect  or 
veneration  for  the  good,  old,  simple,  hon- 
est, and  more  social,  ways,  manners  and 
customs  of  the  past;  more  especially  on  ac- 
count of  their  inseparable  association  with 
our  own  Merry  Olden  Times.  Such,  and 
such  only  is  the  crude,  but,  as  is  hoped, 
truthful  picture  attempted  to  be  sketched 
in  the  following  pages  of  the  home-life  of 
our  honest  country-folk,  as  it  was  within 
the  memory  of  many  still  living."  Want 
of  space  compels  all  further  mention  of  the 
different  subjects  treated  except  the  record- 
ing of  two  or  three  verses: 

"So  various  are  our  checkered  lives, 
And  pressing  are  our  days — 
As  quilts,  at  firesides  made  and  rolled, 
Our  lives  like  fireside  talei  are  told. 

"Not  all  the  wealth  of  India's  mines 
Could  fill  the  farmer's  place, 
And  heaven's  smiles  are  mirrored 
In  the  sweat  in  labor's  face. 

"Beyond  the  dark  and  gloomy  river. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


135 


Whose  surging  billows  near  me  roll, 
Immortal  youthland,  bright  forever, 
Invites  the  weary,  wand'ring  soul." 

William  Lenhart,  one  of  the  most  emi- 
nent diophantine  algebraists  that  ever 
lived,  died  from  bodily  afflictions  which  ren- 
dered him  incapable  ofattainingto  his  high- 
est efforts  and  best  work.  He  possessed 
imagination,  susceptibility,  wit  and  acute- 
ness  in  a  high  degree  and  wrote  some  very 
fine  pieces  of  poetry. 

Lewis  Miller,  while  industrious  and 
somewhat  eccentric,  was  a  man  of  genial  na- 
ture, quick  perception  and  aesthetic  taste, 
who  delighted  in  drawing  and  sketching,  in 
which  he  was  quite  successful.  He  was  a 
poet  of  more  than  ordinary  ability.  Some 
of  his  verses  have  been  preserved,  and  when 
an  octogenarian  in  years  he  still  voiced  his 
thoughts  in  poetic  form.  From  one  of  his 
last  pieces  we  quote: 
"The  hand  of  Time  upon  my  brow  may  trace  its 

lines ; 
From   Memory's  page    efface  fond    recollection's 

tear, 
But  not  the  treasured  thought  of  friends  who  yet 

can  cheer 

This  saddened  heart  of  mine." 

Henry  Harbaugh,  minister,  scholar  and 
author,  possessed  a  deHcate  vein  of  humor 
and  some  poetic  ability,  but  lived  more  in 
the  future  than  in  the  present  and  wrote 
seven  theological  and  religious  books  of 
interest  and  merit. 

George  R.  Prowell,  historian  and  histori- 
cal writer,  has  contributed  many  valuable 
articles  on  the  special  history  of  York 
county  and  the  early  settlements  along  the 
Susquehanna. 

Mrs.  Mary  C.  Fisher  has  written  well  of 
Hospital  Work  at  York  during  the  late 
civil  war  and  of  other  kindred  subjects. 

John  Gibson,  president-judge  of  the 
York  county  courts,  acted  efificiently  as  his- 
torical editor  of  the  History  of  York 
County  pubHshed  in  1886. 


R.  C.  Bair  has  written  on  various  topics, 
and  his  article  on  the  Scotch-Irish  has  been 
widely  read. 

James  Wilson,  one  of  the  first  judges  of 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  was  a 
resident  for  some  years  of  Carlisle,  and  his 
Lectures  on  Jurisprudence  were  published 
between  1790  and  1798. 

Charles  Smith,  president-judge  of  the 
courts  of  Cumberland  and  Franklin  coun- 
ties, was  the  author  of  the  compilation 
known  as  Smith's  Laws  of  Pennsylvania  in 
which  he  treated  very  fully  land  and  crim- 
inal laws. 

John  Bannister  Gibson,  a  giant  in  phy- 
sique and  intellect,  was  a  fine  musical  con- 
noisseur and  art  critic,  and  when  appointed 
as  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  became 
the  Ulysses  of  the  bench.  His  accuracy  in 
language  was  partly  due  to  his  close  study 
of  synonyms.  He  reviewed  a  work  on 
Limited  Partnership,  wrote  decisions  of 
great  importance  and  Judge  Jere  S.  Black 
said  of  him,  "In  the  various  knowledge 
which  forms  the  perfect  scholar  he  had  no 
superior." 

Frederick  Watts,  who  was  president- 
judge  of  the  courts  of  Cumberland,  Perry 
and  Juniata  counties,  and  afterwards  served 
as  commissioner  of  agriculture  under 
Hayes,  was  reporter  of  the  Supreme  Court 
for  fifteen  years,  writing  three  volumes  of 
reports  and  assisting  largely  in  the  pre- 
paration of  nineteen  other  reports. 

Rev.  George  Norcross,  pastor  of  the  Sec- 
ond Presbyterian  church  of  Carlisle,  is  a 
polished  and  graceful  writer  whose  articles 
on  the  early  Presbyterian  churches  of  the 
Cumberland  Valley  is  published  in  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  Eighth  Scotch-Irish  Con- 
gress of  America. 

Joseph  Alexander  Murray,  secretary  of 
the  Historical  Association  of  Carlisle,  and 
a  well  known  Presbyterian  minister,  deliv- 


136 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia, 


ered  a  number  of  discourses  and  addresses, 
which  have  been  pubHshed. 

Robert  I.owry  Sibbet,  a  prominent  phy- 
sician of  CarHsle,  has  been  a  frequent  con- 
tributor to  the  hterature  of  his  profession. 

Conway  Phelps  Wing,  who  wrote  the 
larger  -part  of  Scott's  History  of  Cumber- 
land county,  was  a  distinguished  Presby- 
terian minister,  and  contributed  many  ar- 
ticles to  religious  periodicals,  Bible  com- 
mentaries, and  leading  encyclopedias  be- 
sides delivering  several  sermons  and  ad- 
dresses which  were  published;  he  published 
also  two  editions  of  a  history  of  the  Wing 
family  in  America. 

George  H.  Russell,  of  Cumberland 
county,  is  the  author  of  New  Discoveries 
in  Physiology  on  the  Ductless  Organs  and 
their  Functions,  which  he  claimed  was  to 
regulate  the  circulation  of  the  blood  and 
also  to  electrify  it. 

Samuel  S.  Wylie,  a  Presbyterian  minis- 
ter is  author  of  an  authentic  history  of 
Middle  Spring  Presbyterian  church. 

H.  Louis  Baugher,  editor  and  commen- 
tator of  the  Luther  Publication  Society, 
was  born  at  Gettysburg  and  served  for  a 
number  of  years  as  Franklin  professor  of 
the  Greek  language  and  literature  in  Penn- 
sylvania College. 

Philip  M.  Bikle,  Pearson  professor  of 
the  Latin  language  and  literature  in  Penn- 
sylvania College,  was  elected  as  editor  of 
the  Lutheran  Quarterly  in  1880,  and  has 
furnished  a  number  of  articles  to  different 
periodicals. 

Edward  S.  Breidenbaugh,  Ockershausen 
professor  of  chemistry  and  the  natural  sci- 
ences in  Pennsylvania  College,  is  the 
author  of  a  number  of  publications  on  var- 
ious subjects. 

Moses  Kiefifer,  an  ex-president  of  Heid- 
elburg  College  and  once  publisher  of  the 
Quarterly  Review,  furnished  many  contri- 
butions to  the  religious  press. 


Edward  McPherson,  one  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished men  in  political  life  that  Adams 
county  has  ever  produced,  is  known  all 
over  the  Union  by  his  literary  productions 
in  the  field  of  politics.  His  services  as  a 
Congressman  were  distinguished  by  several 
able  speeches.  As  clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  for  six  Congresses  he  gath- 
ered special  materials  for  his  political  his- 
tories of  the  United  States  during  the  Re- 
bellion and  the  period  of  reconstruction. 
He  commenced  his  series  of  Hand  Books 
of  Politics  in  1872,  and  delivered  many 
addresses  on  educational  and  other  pro- 
gressive matters  that  have  been  published. 

Samuel  S.  Schmucker,  first  president  of 
the  Gettysburg  Lutheran  Theological 
Seminary,  and  one  of  the  most  active  and 
influential  ministers  of  his  denomination  in 
the  United  States,  was  a  prolific  author  in 
the  fields  of  theology,  church  history  and 
mental  philosophy.  His  publications  were 
over  forty,  of  which  many  were  important 
and  passed  through  numerous  editions. 
He  devoted  the  latter  part  of  his  life  to  lit- 
erary labors. 

Aaron  Sheely,  an  educator  and  county 
superintendent  of  prominence,  wrote  many 
magazine  articles,  prepared  the  educational 
chapter  of  the  History  of  Adams  county 
published  in  1886,  and  is  the  author  of 
Anecdotes  and  Humors  of  School  Life. 

Joel  Swartz,  a  Lutheran  minister  and 
seminary  professor,  became  popular  as  a 
lecturer,  and  his  volume  of  poems,  Dream- 
ings  of  the  Waking  Heart,  has  received 
warm  commendation. 

Milton  Valentine,  a  professor  in  the  Get- 
tysburg Theological  Seminary,  is  the  au- 
thor of  Natural  Theology  or  Rational  The- 
ism, and  a  number  of  his  sermons,  essays 
and  discussions  have  been  published  in 
pamphlet  form. 

Edward  W.  Spangler,  Esq.,  of  York,  in 
a  recently  published  volume  entitled,  "An- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


137 


nals  of  the  Spangler  Families  of  York 
County,  Pa.,  with  Biographical  and  Histor- 
ical Sketches,  and  Memorabilia  of  Contem- 
poraneous Local  Events,"  has  made  an 
important  and  painstaking  contribution  to 
the  genealogical,  biographical  and  histor- 
ical literature  of  the  State.  Mr.  Spangler's 
book  has  been  very  favorably  noticed,  both 
by  the  public  press  and  by  individual  attes- 
tation. The  following  is  quoted  from  the 
Philadelphia  Press: 

It  is  rather  a  far  cry  from  Pennsylvania 
in  these  piping  days  of  the  nineteenth  Cen- 
tury to  a  Bavarian  bishopric  in  the  Twelfth 
Century,  but  such  a  leap  into  the  past  Mr. 
Edward  W.  Spangler  found  necessary  in 
clearing  up  the  genealogy  of  the  Spangler 
family,  as  is  fully  set  forth  in  his  work, 
"The  Annals  of  the  Families  of  Caspar, 
Henry,  Baltzer  and  George  Spengler,  who 
settled  in  York  county.  Pa.,  respectively 
in  1729,  1732,  1739  and  1751;  with  bio- 
graphical and  historical  sketches  and  mem- 
orabilia of  contemporaneous  local  events." 
The  Spanglers,  or  Spenglers,  as  they  origi- 
nally spelled  their  name,  Mr.  Spangler  by 
his  most  minute  and  painstaking  research 
has  discovered  were  descended  from  a  cer- 
tain George  Spengler,  who  held  the  office  of 
cup-bearer  to  the  Bishop  of  Wurzberg  in 
1 1 50.  This  study  of  the  genealogy  of  the 
Spenglers  is,  however,  not  a  mere  family 
tree  analysis.  On  the  contrary  Mr.  Spang- 
ler by  his  side  lights  on  the  doings  of  colon- 
ial and  post-colonial  times  in  York,  town 
and  county,  in  which  he  again  shows  his 
aptitude  and  qualifications  for  historical 
work,  has  made  a  valuable  contribution  to 
colonial  literature.  Among  his  discoveries 
are  the  original  muster  rolls  of  thirty-five  of 
the  York  county  companies  in  the  Revolu- 
tion, and  his  facts  gained  from  contempo- 
raneous records  make  up  an  historical  mo- 
saic of  early  Pennsylvania  days  of  great  in- 
terest. 


Edmund  J.  Wolf,  a  Lutheran  minister 
and  seminary  professor,  is  a  religious 
author  of  standing  and  authority.  He  has 
written  several  volumes,  published  a  num- 
ber of  sermons,  and  contributes  many  ar- 
ticles to  different  church  papers  and  peri- 
odicals. 

Elias  D.  Weigle,  a  Lutheran  minister 
and  a  man  of  classical  education,  is  a  liter- 
ary correspondent  of  several  papers  and 
periodicals. 

The  Press.  Newspapers  and  periodicals 
comprise  a  part  of  the  reading  of  all,  and 
constitute  nearly  all  of  the  reading  of  some. 
They  are  popular  educators,  cover  a  wide 
field  of  activity  in  every  department  of 
thought,  and  are  recognized  as  an  impor- 
tant factor  of  development  in  the  political, 
medical,  scientific,  literary  and  religious 
world. 

The  press  of  the  Nineteenth  district  has 
won  its  present  prominent  position  from 
ver)-  small  beginnings.  The  first  printing- 
press  erected  west  of  the  Susquehanna  was 
that  of  Hall  and  Sellers',  of  Philadelphia, 
which  was  brought  to  York  in  October, 
1777,  by  the  Continental  Congress,  which 
had  it  used  for  printing  public  information 
and  a  quantity  of  Continental  money.  In 
June,  1778,  this  press  was  taken  back  to 
Philadelphia.  Franklin's  Pennsylvania  Ga- 
zette was  published  at  York  during  the 
time  that  Congress  met  there.  After  the 
removal  of  the  Gazette  to  Philadelphia  in 
1778  there  was  no  newspaper  west  of  the 
Susquehanna  until  July,  1785,  when  the 
Carlisle  Weekly  Gazette,  a  small  four- 
paged  sheet,  printed  on  blue  paper,  was 
issued  by  Kline  &  Reynolds.  The  next 
paper  was  the  Pennsylvania  Chronicle  and 
York  Weekly  Advertiser,  whose  first  num- 
ber was  issued  in  1787  by  M.  Bartgis  & 
Co.,  who  continued  two  years  and  then  re- 
moved to  Harrisburg.  Succeeding  this 
paper  came  the  Pennsylvania  Herald  and 


138 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


York  General  Advertiser,  founded  on  Jan- 
uary 7,  1789,  by  James  and  John  Edie  and 
Henry  Wilcocks.  Their  press  was  made  in 
York  and  their  ink  at  Germantown  and 
their  sheet  ran  for  11  years  without  change 
of  name.  In  1796  Solomon  Meyer  estab- 
lished Die  York  Gazette,  the  first  Ger- 
man paper,  which  ran  until  1804,  and  three 
years  later  the  Carlisle  Eagle,  by  John 
Thompson,  and  the  Der  Volks  Verichter 
by  Andrew  Billmyer  of  York,  made  their 
appearance,  the  former  running  until  1824 
and  the  latter  going  out  of  existence  by 
1804.  On  November  12,  1800,  Robert 
Harper  established  the  Centinel,  at  Gettys- 
burg where  it  ran  for  sixty-seven  years. 

The  early  papers  contained  but  little 
local  intelligence,  but  a  few  advertisements 
and  devoted  their  columns  largely  to  po- 
litical discussions.  The  press  of  the  pres- 
ent century  before  the  late  Civil  War  im- 
proved slowly  on  the  early  papers  and 
local  news  only  became  a  prominent  feat- 
ure as  late  as  1867. 

The  first  daily  paper  in  the  district  was 
the  York  Daily,  which  was  started  at  York 
October  5,  1870,  and  eleven  years  later,  on 
December  13,  1881,  the  daily  Valley  Sen- 
tinel was  established.  Since  1881  the  press 
of  the  District  has  been  fully  up  to  the  high 
standard  of  the  modern  inland  newspaper 
in  all  of  its  numerous  departments,  and  to- 
day is  a  potential  factor  of  its  progress  and 
prosperity. 

Since  1800  the  growth  of  the  York 
county  press  has  been  slow  but  substantial. 
In  1800  the  Herald  changed  to  the  York  Re- 
corder and  30  years  later  was  succeeded  by 
the  York  Republican  and  it  in  turn  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Republican  which  ran  until 
1834.  Der  Wahre  Republican  started  in 
1805  as  the  successor  of  the  Verichter,  in 
1830  became  Der  Republicanische,  and  fin- 
ally ran  as  the  Republican  until  its  years 
numbered  nearly  100.     The  Expositor  was 


formed  in  May,  1808,  and  ceased  to  exist  in 
1814,  while  the  Village  Museum  ran  from 
1 810  to  18 14,  and  Der  Union's  Freund  ex- 
isted from  January  19,  181 5,  to  October, 
1816.  The  initial  number  of  the  York  Ga- 
zette was  issued  May  18,  181 5  and  is  now 
the  oldest  paper  in  York  county.  Die 
Evangelical  Zeitung  ran  from  1828  to  1830, 
the  Harbinger,  brought  from  Shrewsbury, 
existed  but  a  few  years,  and  the  York 
County  Farmer  had  a  two  year  existenci 
from  December,  183 1.  The  Democratic 
Press  was  established  in  June,  1838,  to  op- 
pose the  erection  of  the  court  house  on  its 
present  site,  the  York  Pennsylvanian  was 
founded  in  1851  and  both  are  now  leading 
papers  of  the  county.  The  York  Advo- 
cate, of  Whig  principles,  and  the  American 
Eagle,  of  American  policy,  were  both  short 
lived  sheets.  The  Weekly  Dispatch  was 
founded  June  7,  1864,  under  the  name  of 
the  True  Democrat,  and  was  the  first  paper 
printed  by  steam  in  York.  The  York 
Daily  was  established  October  5,  1870,  and 
the  Evening  Telegram  ran  from  October, 
1873,  to  June,  1875,  being  the  first  paper  in 
York  county  to  be  connected  with  the  As- 
sociated Press,  and  paying  30  dollars  per 
week  for  dispatches.  The  Teachers's  Jour- 
nal was  established  in  1874;  the  daily  Even- 
ing Dispatch,  May  29,  1876;  and  the  daily 
Age,  January  24,  1883,  while  the  Fountain, 
a  school  monthly,  was  founded  in  Septem- 
ber, 1883.  The  Commercial  Monthly  and 
the  Record  were  two  short  lived  sheets. 
The  present  leading  papers  of  York  are 
the  Age  (dail)').  Christian  Guide  (monthly), 
York  Daily,  York  Dispatch  (daily  and  semi- 
weekly),  York  Democratic  Press  (weekly), 
York  Gazette  (daily  and  semi-weekly), 
York  Pennsylvanian  (weekly),  and  the 
York  Weekly.  The  American  Home  Mag- 
azine is  published  monthly,  besides  other 
monthlies  and  a  few  quarterly  periodicals 
which  are  printed  in  the  city. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


139 


The    York    Daily   and   York    Weekly. 

The  first  number  of  the  York  Daily  made 
its  appearance  October  5th,  1870,  under 
the  management  of  J.  L.  Schaw,  C.  H. 
Glassmeyer,  and  A.  P.  Burchell,  all  of 
whom  were  strangers  in  York.  It  was 
printed  in  a  Columbia  office,  and  brought 
to  York  in  the  morning  trains.  Its  orig- 
inal size  was  14x21  inches.  The  business 
office  was  Capt.  Solomon  Myers'  building, 
No.  304  W.  Market  Street.  After  a  few 
weeks  existence.  Rev.  J.  C.  Smith,  a  highly 
respected  clergyman  of  York,  and  F.  B. 
Raber,  coal  merchant,  each  having  a  son 
who  was  a  practical  printer,  purchased 
printing  material  and  placed  it  in  the  hands 
of  the  original  firm,  with  the  condition  that 
their  sons,  John  C.  Smith  and  Lewis  B. 
Raber  become  printers  in  the  business.  The 
arrangement  ceased  on  account  of  the  ex- 
penses exceeding  the  income,  when  Isaac 
Rudisill,  in  connection  with  Raber  and 
Smith,  by  reducing  the  size  of  the  paper, 
continued  its  publication.  Its  size  after 
the  reduction  was  12x20  inches.  Under 
this  management  the  press  work  was  done 
by  S.  H.  Spangler,  at  the  office  of  the 
American  Lutheran.  The  paper  was  en- 
larged to  18x26  inches  and  its  circulation 
began  to  increase.  John  B.  Welsh,  of  the 
Gazette,  purchased  one-half  interest  in  it, 
April  4,  1871,  and  during  the  following 
June  became  the  sole  proprietor,  with  Isaac 
Rudisill  as  local  editor.  In  September, 
1871,  the  office  was  moved  to  No.  3  South 
Beaver  Street,  where  it  remained  until 
April,  1874,  when  it  was  removed  to  No.  4 
North  Beaver  Street.  During  this  time 
new  machinery  and  material  was  pur- 
chased and  Associated  Press  news  was  re- 
ceived. On  September  4,  1876,  the  Daily 
was  sold  to  Isaac  Rudisill,  John  H.  Gibson 
and  A.  P.  Moul,  who  formed  a  co-partner- 
ship in  its  publication.  All  of  them  were  at 
the  time  employes  in  the  office.     April  i, 


1877,  the  paper  was  enlarged  and  greatly 
improved.  The  Daily  had  long  before  be- 
come a  necessity  in  York,  even  though  for 
a  time  during  its  early  history  it  struggled 
for  an  existence.  In  1881  it  was  moved  to 
its  present  place  opposite  the  court  house. 
On  January  26,  1882,  it  was  purchased  by 
its  present  proprietors,  E.  W.  Spangler, 
John  B.  Moore  and  S.  C.  Frey.  In  Feb- 
ruary of  the  same  year  it  was  increased  in 
size,  and  made  a  sheet  of  25x36  inches. 
During  the  following  July  the  price  was 
changed  from  $3.00  to  $4.00  per  annum, 
and  a  more  complete  supply  of  associated 
press  dispatches  received.  It  thus  became 
one  of  the  largest  and  newsiest  of  inland 
dailies.  April  i,  1885,  the  issue  of  a 
twenty  page  paper  from  this  office  was  con- 
sidered a  marvel  of  enterprise.  Though 
suffering  two  fires  which  entirely  destroyed 
its  fine  plant,  it  never  missed  an  issue  and 
is  now  better  equipped  than  ever. 

On  February  21,  1887,  a  charter  was  ob- 
tained for  the  York  Daily  Publishing  Com- 
pany, and  E.  W.  Spangler  was  elected 
President,  John  B.  Moore,  Secretary,  and 
S.  C.  Frey,  Treasurer;  these  officers  con- 
tinued until  the  death  of  John  B.  Moore 
in  January,  1894,  since  which  time  E.  W. 
Spangler  has  been  President,  and  S.  C. 
Frey  Treasurer.  On  May  29,  1886,  the 
Daily  was  enlarged  to  an  eight  column 
paper,  and  on  May  13,  1893,  to  a  nine  col- 
umn paper,  being  now  four  pages  26x45 
inches  each, — the  largest  paper  published 
in  the  city.  The  Mergenthaler  Linotype 
machines  are  used  in  this  ofBce.  Its  cir- 
culation and  influence  have  kept  pace  with 
its  growth  and  size,  and  it  is  the  represen- 
tative paper  of  York. 

The  York  Weekly  is  now  published  on 
Tuesdays  and  Fridays;  the  Tuesday  edition 
being  a  four  page  paper  and  the  Friday  an 
eight  page  paper  with  a  circulation  of  6,- 
000,  by  far  the  largest  circulation  of  any 


140 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


paper  printed  in  tlie  19th  Congressional 
District.  The  two  papers  are  unsurpassed, 
either  as  newspapers  or  advertising  med- 
iums, and  are  firmly  entrenched  in  the  af- 
fections of  the  people  of  York  county. 

In  connection  with  these  papers  there  is 
a  Job  Department,  the  largest  in  the  city, 
with  all  the  modern  conveniences  and  facil- 
ities for  the  execution  of  the  best  of  work. 
This  Department  has  executed,  and  is  pre- 
pared to  execute,  work  that  no  other  office 
in  the  city  would  attempt,  yet  the  smallest 
jobs  will  receive  as  careful  and  prompt  at- 
tention as  the  largest  contract;  whether 
book,  poster  or  business-card,  the  aim  is 
to  do  the  best  work  at  the  most  reason- 
able price. 

The  "Lutheran  Missionary  Journal,"  the 
"Medico-Legal  Journal,"  the  "Lutheran 
World,"  the  "Childrens'  Missionary,"  the 
"York  Lutheran,"  and  the  "York  Legal 
Record"  are  some  of  the  publications  that 
are  issued  regularly  from  this  establish- 
ment. 

The  York  Gazette.  The  York  Gazette, 
which  is  issued  in  the  ordinary  daily,  a 
Sunday  and  a  semi-weekly  editon,  at  York, 
Pennsylvana,  is  one  of  the  pioneer  news- 
papers of  the  Nineteenth  Congressional 
District.  There  is  reliable  evidence  that 
the  first  issue  of  the  Gazette,  which  was 
in  German,  made  its  appearance  not  later 
than  1796.  Though  the  succession  which 
brings  the  history  of  the  paper  down  to  the 
present  day  is  somewhat  broken  and  the 
records  somewhat  indefinite,  yet  that  Ger- 
man weekly  was  clearly  the  beginning  of 
the  Gazette  of  to-day.  One  evidence  of 
this  fact  still  existed  several  years  ago  in 
more  or  less  complete  files  of  the  paper  of 
1796,  but  these  have  been  destroyed, 
through  ignorance  of  their  value  as  a  proof 
of  the  connection  between  the  little  weekly 
of  1796  and  the  daily  of  a  hundred  years  la- 
ter, assuming  that  the  meagerness  or  total 


absence  of  local  news  deprived  them  of  any 
local  historical  value.  As  an  English  pa- 
per, the  Gazette  was  first  published  in 
York,  on  May  18,  181 5.  Die  York  Ga- 
zette, the  German  paper  previously  referred 
to,  as  having  been  established  not  later  than 
1796,  may,  however,  have  antedated  that 
year,  as  tradition  without  any  reliable  rec- 
ords to  sustain  it,  fixes  the  year  of  its  incep- 
tion in  1795.  It  is  known  that  its  founder 
was  Solomon  Meyer,  and  that  it  was  the 
first  German  paper  established  in  York 
county.  In  1804  it  belonged  to  Christian 
Schlichting  and  by  him  its  publicaton  was 
stopped  and  the  press,  type  and  other  pub- 
ishing  paraphernalia  were  sold  to  Daniel 
Heckert,  who  in  turn  sold  the  outfit  to 
Stark  and  Lang,  of  Hanover.  These  gen- 
tlemen then  started  the  Hanover  Gazette, 
which  was  continued  until  186.. 

The  founder  of  the  English  Gazette  was 
supposed  to  have  been  William  Harris,  for 
his  name  appears  as  publisher  at  the  head 
of  the  first  column  and  the  oldest  known 
copy,  now  extant,  dated  November  30, 
1815.  The  paper  was  published  every 
Thursday  and  its  subscription  rate  was  two 
dollars  per  annum.  The  first  issue  consis- 
ted of  four  pages  20x16  inches  in  size,  four 
columns  to  the  page.  In  April,  1816,  the 
paper  appeared  under  the  title  of  York  Ga- 
zette and  Public  Advertiser.  About  this 
time  Mr.  Harris  died  and  W.  M.  Baxter  is 
supposed  to  have  succeeded  to  the  owner- 
ship of  the  paper;  though  no  issue  bearing 
his  name  is  known  to  be  extant  to  confirm 
this  supposition.  May  13,  1819,  the  paper 
appeared  in  size  19^x12^  to  the  page  and 
was  published  by  King  &  Mallo.  In  the 
early  part  of  1820  Mr.  Mallo  was  suc- 
ceeded in  the  firm  by  a  Mr.  Abbott,  and 
the  size  of  the  paper  was  increased  to  2of  x 
30  inches,  with  six  columns  to  a  page.  In 
1824  the  firm  again  changed,  becoming 
King  and  Welsh.  The  new  member,  Henry 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


141 


Welsh,  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  men 
of  his  day  in  the  public  affairs  of  the 
count}'  and  State.  In  1829  the  partnership 
was  again  dissolved  and  Mr.  Welsh  was 
succeeded  by  George  A.  Barnitz.  In  April 
1835,  Adam  J.  Glossbrenner  became  a 
member  of  the  firm,  succeeding  Mr.  Bar- 
nitz ;  and  the  following  month,  through  the 
melancholly  ending  of  Mr.  King's  life, 
David  Small  became  a  member  of  the  firm. 
The  following  year  the  paper  was  enlarged 
by  21^x25  inches;  and  another  enlarge- 
ment, which  made  it  26^^  by  39J  is  recorded 
in  1858.  Having  been  elected  sergeant  at 
arms  of  the  national  house  of  representa- 
tives, Mr.  Glossbrenner  retired  from  the 
firm  that  same  year  and  Mr.  Small  then 
sold  a  half  interest  in  the  paper  to  William 
H.  Welsh.  This  firm  published  the  paper 
until  1866.  During  the  war,  owing  to  the 
high  price  of  paper,  the  size  was  decreased 
to  23^x38  inches.  Up  to  this  time  the  Ga- 
zette had  been,  in  a  manner,  a  sort  of  peri- 
patetic publication  and  its  history  is  largely 
a  long  list  of  removals  from  place  to  place 
about  town,  but  in  1865  it  settled  down  in 
the  Jordan  building  in  the  north-western 
angle  of  Centre  Square,  where  it  remained 
for  twenty-four  years  and  then,  in  1889,  re- 
moved to  its  present  home,  12  South 
George  Street. 

In  1886,  Adam  F.  Geesey,  Stephen  G. 
Boyd  and  Guy  H.  Boyd  became  the  owners 
of  the  paper  and  some  time  later  a  joint 
stock  company  was  organized.  Professor 
Boyd  became  the  editor  and  remained  at 
the  head  of  the  paper  until  1891,  when  he 
was  succeeded  by  H.  B.  Shoch,  of  Harris- 
burg,  formerly  of  the  Philadelphia  Times 
and  Harrisburg  Patriot.  In  November, 
1887,  the  publication  of  a  daily  edition  had 
been  begun  in  conjunction  with  a  weekly 
edition  and  four  years  later  the  latter  was 
made  a  semi-weekly  publication.  In  July, 
1893,  the  circulation  having  grown  to  such 


proportions  that  it  was  impossible  to  get 
out  the  editions  with  sufficient  promptness 
on  the  old  fashioned  press  then  belonging 
to  the  paper,  a  new  and  more  modern  press, 
a  Cox  Duplex,  was  purchased  and  the  pa- 
per was  then  changed  from  a  four  to  a  six 
page  sheet.  The  old  press  thus  supplanted 
was  the  first  cylinder  press  ever  brought 
to  York  and  in  its  days  was  considered  a 
marvel  of  printing  machinery. 

April  I,  1894,  Editor  Shoch  retired  and 
Robert  F.  Gibson  was  made  editor.  The 
paper  at  this  time  was  entirely  in  the  hands 
of  Mr.  A.  B.  Farquhar,  who  had,  by  suc- 
cessive purchases  from  the  Boyds  in  1890, 
from  Mr.  Geesey,  in  1891,  and  from  other 
shareholders  later  on,  secured  practically 
the  entire  stock  of  the  original  company. 
Upon  Mr.  Shoch's  retirement  Mr.  Far- 
quhar thoroughly  re-organized  the  paper. 
Messrs.  T.  B.  G.  Hiestand  and  J.  F.  Mitzel 
took  charge  of  the  business  department; 
and  Messrs.  J.  C.  Herbert,  of  Harrisburg, 
and  J.  H.  Gibbons  assumed  charge  of  the 
local  department,  which  has  always  been 
esteemed  by  the  management  as  the  chief 
news  department  of  the  paper  and  has  ac- 
cordingly always  been  ably  conducted.  The 
paper  continued  under  this  management 
until  January  4,  1897,  when  Mr.  Farquhar, 
whose  personal  views  upon  the  money  ques- 
tion were  in  opposition  to  the  attitude 
which  the  management  of  the  paper  had 
given  it,  in  support  of  the  Chicago  plat- 
form, sold  his  entire  interest  to  Love,  Hies- 
tand and  Company,  the  present  publishers. 
Mr.  Gibson  retired  from  the  editorship  of 
the  paper  and  T.  B.  G.  Hiestand  assumed 
the  editorial  management,  with  James  C. 
Herbert  as  associate  editor.  This  manage- 
ment was  continued  until  June,  when  Mr. 
Gibson  was  re-elected  editor  and  has  since 
had  editorial  charge  of  the  paper. 

The   German   edition  of  the  paper  was 
continued  until  1891,  when,  upon  the  pub- 


142 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


lication  of  the  semi-weekly  edition,  it  was 
discontinued.  The  Sunday  issue,  which  is 
at  present  published,  was  started  September 
16,  1894. 

In  the  matter  of  departments  and  in  the 
literary  finish  of  what  is  written  for  the  pa- 
per, the  Gazette  is  the  best  edited  paper  in 
the  19th  District.  It  is  the  only  paper  in 
York  which  makes  a  specialty  of  original 
editorials  and  this  department  is  supple- 
mented by  able  correspondence  from  both 
the  national  and  State  capitals.  It  receives 
the  regular  Associated  Press  service,  from 
which  it  culls  and  carefully  edits  the  most 
interesting  telegraph  news.  But,  however 
well  conducted,  no  paper  in  a  community 
like  York  can  achieve  success  through 
such  departments  as  these  alone.  A  local 
paper  must  depend  for  its  success,  both  in 
securing  subscribers  and  advertising,  upon 
the  amount  of  local  news  which  it  presents 
and  the  manner  in  which  this  is  written. 
In  this  respect  the  Gazette  is  correctly  con- 
ducted. It  not  only  collects  the  general 
news  to  which  other  local  papers  pay  atten- 
tion but  gives  space,  mostly  in  the  form 
of  departments,  to  local  politics,  local  secret 
societies,  local  industries,  local  business  af- 
fairs, sports  and  other  matters.  Its  news 
is  also  arranged  with  the  same  taste  that  is 
shown  in  its  preparation  and  among  news- 
paper men  it  is  regarded  as  almost  a  model 
local  paper.  When,  in  1894,  a  special  edi- 
tion was  issued  in  connection  with  a  change 
in  its  typographical  appearance,  contribu- 
tions were  received  from  such  eminent  men 
as  Grover  Cleveland,  Charles  A.  Dana,  Col. 
John  Cockerell,  Edward  Atkinson,  Henry 
Watterson,  William  M.  Singerly  and  others, 
who  recognized  the  paper  as  one  of  merit 
and  accompanied  their  contributions  with 
words  of  laudation.  Since  then  the  paper 
has  continued  its  career  of  improvement. 

York  Dispatch.  In  proportion  to  the  im- 
portant issues  with  which  it  dealt,  wrought 


and  achieved,  the  Repubhcan  party  in  its 
earlier  career,  down  into  the  most  trying 
days  of  the  Civil  War,  went  ineffectively 
championed  as  to  party  press  in  York 
county.  There  were  of  course  patriotic  pa- 
pers which  supported  the  union  cause  and 
urged  the  supremacy  of  the  party;  but  none 
of  them  had  sprung  from  the  new  party  it- 
self and  the  odor  of  other  days  and  ante-bel- 
lum political  revilement  manifestly  handi- 
capped their  usefulness  and  impaired  their 
capacity  to  inspire  homogeneity  of  feeling. 
They  had  lingered  to  the  last  in  the  Whig 
organization  and  had  been  drawn  into  the 
new  party  by  the  great  political  vortex 
which  had  brought  together  the  anti-slav- 
ery elements  of  the  old  parties  for  the  for- 
mation of  the  Republican.  Thus,  while 
their  services  were  admittedly  patriotic,  the 
element  of  expediency  which  had  dictated 
their  course  was  none  the  less  manifest. 
Such  papers,  could  not,  of  course,  win  the 
entirely  cordial  and  enthusiastic  allegiance 
and  support  of  mere  Union  men — of  that 
large  and  loyal  element  which  had  been 
moved  to  change  political  faith  upon  the 
issue  of  the  union  or  its  dissolution — and 
the  war  Democrats,  for  instance,  who  had 
become  fixed  Republicans  as  the  most  rea- 
sonable and  effective  course  for  them  to 
pursue.  Out  of  the  animosities  of  other 
days,  memorable  for  the  bitterness  and 
malignancy  of  their  political  strife  and  par- 
tisanship, had  been  bred  lasting  dislikes  for 
many  of  the  old  Whig  organs,  more  acutely 
perhaps  in  York  county  than  in  many 
other  communities.  It  was  felt,  therefore, 
that  there  was  a  field  for  a  new  party  paper 
— one  born  of  the  party  itself  and  free  of  the 
contamination  of  the  past.  Weighed,  dis- 
cussed and  finally  acted  upon,  this  idea  on 
June  7,  1864,  the  day  that  witnessed  Lin- 
coln's renomination  at  Baltimore,  culmin- 
ated in  the  appearance  of  the  True  Demo- 
crat, a  four  page  weekly  of  strong  Republi- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


143 


can  proclivities,  with  nine  columns  of  news, 
editorial  advertisement  and  miscellany  to 
the  page.  The  paper  was  edited  and  pub- 
lished by  Hiram  Young  and  was  prepared 
and  printed  in  the  McGrath  building  on 
South  George  Street,  adjoining  which  the 
Colonial  Hotel  now  stands.  For  a  com- 
munity such  as  York  at  that  time,  it  had  a 
phenomenal  success  and  speedily  outstrip- 
ped its  venerable  contemporaries.  Its  cir- 
culation soon  attained  3,200,  and  improved 
and  enlarged  facilities  of  publication  be- 
came imperative.  In  1867  the  plant  was 
therefore  removed  to  10  East  Market 
Street,  the  present  home  of  its  daily  and 
weekly  successors,  and  the  first  steam 
power  employed  in  printing  in  York  was 
introduced  there.  May  29,  1876,  Mr. 
Young,  started  the  daily  edition  under  the 
title  of  York  Dispatch.  This  paper  also 
achieved  a  great  success  and  to-day  it  is  the 
most  widely  read  local  paper  in  York 
county.  Mr.  Young's  long  association  with 
it,  a  circumstance  without  parallel  among 
the  papers  of  York,  has  given  the  Dispatch 
a  greater  influence  and  prestige  in  the 
moulding  of  public  opinion,  than  any  of  its 
contemporaries  enjoy.  This  circum- 
stance, the  fact  of  being  practically  the 
only  organ  of  the  Republican  party  in  the 
county,  has  also  contributed  not  a  little. 
The  policy  of  the  paper  is  broad — not  con- 
fined to  partisan  politics — for  while  it  is 
cordial  and  energetic  in  the  support  of  its 
party's  principles  and  candidates,  it  is  also 
honest  and  fearless  enough  to  condemn  the 
faults  and  shortcomings  of  its  own  leaders 
and  men.  Mr.  Young  and  his  paper  dis- 
play a  warm  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the 
farmer,  not  only  in  the  distribution  of  en- 
lightening information,  but  in  contending 
for  wholesome  and  just  legislation  in  his 
behalf. 

In  its  efiforts  along  these  lines  the  paper 
has  secured  not  merely,  local,  but  national 


recognition,  especially  from  the  Wool 
Growers  organization  and  in  a  recent  let- 
ter. Judge  Lawrence,  president  of  the  Na- 
tional Association,  writes:  "If  we  could 
have  had  in  each  of  the  principal  wool 
growing  States,  five,  or  even  three,  such 
newspapers  as  the  York  Dispatch,  wool 
growers  would  have  secured  just  and  ample 
protection."  Success  has  also  come  from 
the  fact  that  the  Dispatch  is  quick  to  en- 
courage all  local  interests ;  and  much  of  the 
splendid  development  of  York  has  been  as- 
sociated with  the  helpful  efforts  of  the  pa- 
per. In  the  mere,  yet  essential,  depart- 
ment of  news  the  Dispatch  has  also  ac- 
quired a  flattering  prestige  through  its 
promptness  and  thoroughness.  Such  a 
paper  must  grow  if  fed  by  communal 
growth,  expansion  and  enlightenment  and 
this  is  peculiarly  true  in  a  community  like 
York,  emerging  as  it  is  from  the  trammels 
of  primitiveness  with  which  a  simple  but 
phlegmatic  race  of  pioneers  endowed  it. 

Twice  of  late  the  Dispatch  has  found  it 
opportune  to  adapt  itself  to  an  enlarged  field 
of  usefulness  as  a  newspaper.     In  October, 

1895,  it  disposed  of  the  Hoe  double  cylin- 
der press  which  the  town  had  considered 
a  marvel  of  printing  machinery,  and  intro- 
duced a  Scott  perfecting  press  with  a  maxi- 
mum hourly  capacity  of  24,000;  and  also 
a  complete  stereotyping  outfit.     In  April, 

1896,  two  Mergenthaler  linotype  machines 
were  added  to  the  outfit  and  the  plant  is 
now  regarded  as  the  best  equipped 
for  newspaper  work — outside  of  Phila- 
delphia— in  the  southeast  section  of 
Pennsylvania,  with  hardly  an  equal 
in  the  entire  State  outside  of  a  few  of  the 
larger  cities.  Associated  with  Mr.  Young 
in  the  conduct  of  the  various  departments 
are  his  four  sons  Edward  S.,  Charles  P., 
William  L.  and  John  F.  They  are  young 
men  of  practical  experience;  and  it  is  Mr. 
Young's  intention  that  they  shall  succeed 


144 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


him  as  the  owners  and  pubhshers  of  the 
Dispatch. 

The  first  Hanover  paper  was  Die 
Pennsylvanische  Wockinschrift,  running 
from  April,  1797,  to  February,  1805,  suc- 
ceeded by  the  Hanover  Gazette  (German) 
which  ceased  pubhcation  in  1864,  after  an 
existence  of  sixty  years.  The  first  EngHsh 
paper,  at  Hanover,  the  Guardian,  ran  from 
1818  to  1835,  and  was  succeeded  by  the 
Hanoverian,  while  the  Intelligenceblatt, 
which  started  in  1824,  was  soon  removed  to 
Adams  county.  The  Hanover  Spectator 
was  started  in  1841  as  the  Democrat;  the 
Hanover  Citizen,  English  and  German,  in 
1861 ;  and  the  Hanover  Herald,  June,  1872. 

The  Hanover  Herald  was  founded  in 
June,  1872,  by  M.  O.  Smith,  of  York,  and 
P.  H.  Bittenger,  of  Hanover.  Mr.  Smith 
had  founded  the  Glen  Rock  Item  in  1870, 
and  sold  his  interest  in  that  journal  to  his 
partner,  N.  Z.  Seitz.  The  Herald  was  a 
seven  column  folio,  printed  on  a  hand  press, 
and  was  independent  in  politics.  The  busi- 
ness grew  and  a  power  press,  the  first  in 
Hanover,  was  procured  in  1876,  when  the 
paper  was  enlarged  to  eight  columns.  By 
1881  a  further  increase  in  business  de- 
manded the  introduction  of  steam  power. 
In  April,  1885,  Mr.  Bittenger  retired,  since 
which  time  Mr.  Smith  has  been  the  sole 
proprietor  of  the  paper.  In  July,  1894,  an 
evening  edition  was  commenced,  styled  the 
"Evening  Herald,"  which  now  averages  i,- 
000  circulation — the  weekly  edition  having 
an  average  issue  of  about  2,000  copies.  The 
office  is  up  to  date,  being  fitted  out  with  a 
Thorne  type-setting  machine,  first-class 
cylinder  and  job  presses,  run  by  electric 
motors  and  a  gas  engine. 

The  Record.  The  first  daily  newspaper 
in  Hanover,  Pa.,  the  Daily  Record,  was 
started  August  11,  1892,  by  Joseph  S. 
Cornman,  publisher  of  the  Citizen,  a  weekly 
that  had  existed  half  a  century. 


On  April  ist,  1875,  the  Record  Publish- 
ing Co.,  comprising  P.  J.  Barnhart,  A.  R. 
Brodbeck,  L.  D.  Seh,  H.  N.  Gitt  and  H.  D. 
Young  was  organized,  and  the  materials  of 
the  Weekly  Citizen  and  Daily  Record  were 
purchased  from  Mr.  Cornman,  and  of  the 
Weekly  Advance  from  H.  D.  Young.  This 
company  continued  the  Daily  and  estab- 
lished the  Weekly  Record,  with  J.  S.  Corn- 
man  in  charge,  who  with  Mr.  Young,  alter- 
nated as  editors  until  September  9th,  follow- 
ing, when  Ed.  J.  Frysinger,  then  on  the 
staff  of  the  Philadelphia  Ledger,  but  with 
previous  training  on  inland  dailies  and  a 
practical  printer  and  newspaper  man,  be- 
came editor  and  manager  which  responsi- 
bility he  yet  holds.  When  Mr.  Frysinger 
assumed  control  the  Daily  had  only  600 
daily  circulation  and  850  weekly,  the  oppo- 
sition being  the  Daily  and  Weekly  Herald. 
On  Jan.  ist,  1897,  sixteen  months  later,  the 
Weekly  Record  had  a  sworn  circulation  of 
3,426,  and  the  Daily  Record  1,100,  which 
is  conceded  a  remarkable  growth.  In  poli- 
tics the  Record  is  Democratic. 

The  Delta  Times  was  founded  about 
1876;  the  Delta  Herald,  established  Sep- 
tember I,  1878;  the  Dillsburg  Bulletin  in 
1876,  as  the  New  Era;  the  Glen  Rock  Item, 
in  1870;  and  the  Wrightsville  Star,  in  1854. 

The  Cumberland  County  press  goes  back 
to  the  Carlisle  Weekly  Gazette  in  1785,  and 
its  successor  the  Carlisle  Eagle,  which 
changed  successively  to  the  Herald  and 
Expositor,  and  Herald  and  Mirror,  and  then 
to  the  Herald.  The  Cumberland  Register 
ran  from  1804  to  1 814,  the  Carlisle  Gazette 
from  1822  till  about  1827;  and  the  Messen- 
ger of  Useful  Knowledge  from  1830  to 
183 1.  The  American  Volunteer  was  star- 
ted in  1814,  and  has  continued  under  Demo- 
cratic management  up  to  the  present  time. 
The  Valley  Sentinel  was  started  at  Ship- 
pensburg  April  22,  1861,  and  removed  May 
22,  1874,  to  Carlisle,  where  in  addition  to 


Nin:eteenth  Congressional  District. 


145 


the  weekly,  a  daily  was  established  Decem- 
ber 13,  1881.  The  Evening  Sentinel,  an  in- 
dependent Democratic  daily,  has  been  es- 
tablished since  1886.  The  first  paper  of 
Shippensburg  was  a  small  sheet,  whose 
name  is  now  unknown.  It  was  followed  by 
the  Shippensburg  Free  Press,  started  April 
10,  1833,  and  the  Intelligencer,  September 
19,  1833,  both  of  which  were  consolidated 
into  one  sheet  which  soon  died.  The  Ship- 
pensburg Herald  started  in  May,  1837,  and 
died  in  1839;  the  Cumberland  and  Frank- 
lin Gazette  existed  for  a  year  or  so  from 
April  I,  1840;  and  the  Cumberland  Valley 
continued  from  1841  to  1843;  while  the 
Valley  Spirit,  started  in  1846,  was  soon  re- 
moved to  Franklin  county.  The  Weekly 
News  was  established  April  26,  1844,  and  is 
now  an  independent  sheet.  The  Shippens- 
burg Chronicle  was  founded  February  4, 
1875,  3^nd  like  the  News  is  an  Independent 
paper.  The  first  two  papers  of  Mechanics- 
burg,  the  Microcosm,  started  in  1835,  and 
the  Independent  Press,  established  in  1844, 
soon  went  down.  The  Independent  Jour- 
nal was  founded  in  1872  by  a  consolidation 
of  the  Valley  Independent,  originated  in 
1868  as  the  Valley  Democrat,  and  the 
Cumberland  Valley  Journal  formerly  the 
Weekly  Gazette  and  originally  the  Mechan- 
icsburg  Gleaner  which  dated  back  to  1854. 
The  Saturday  Journal,  now  a  society  paper, 
was  started  in  October,  1878,  and  among 
the  papers  that  have  gone  down  at  Mechan- 
icsburg  may  be  named  the  Farmers  Friend, 
started  in  1874;  the  Republican,  1873;  and 
the  Semi- Weekly  Ledger,  1877.  The  first 
paper  at  Newville  was  the  Central  Engine 
whose  existence  was  spanned  by  the  year 
1843.  The  Star  of  the  Valley  started  in 
1858  and  in  1885  was  united  with  the  En- 
terprise under  its  present  name  of  Star  and 
Enterprise.  The  Weekly  Native  started  in 
1858,  and  Cupid's  Corner  in  1883,  but  both 


have  gone  down.  The  Newville  Times,  star- 
ted in  1885,  was  originally  the  Plainfield 
Times.  The  Mountain  Echo  is  an  inde- 
pendent paper  of  Mt.  Holly  Springs,  and 
the  Observer  is  a  local  sheet  of  New  Cum- 
berland. 

The  press  of  Adams  county  has  not  yet 
reached  the  first  century  of  its  existence,  for 
its  earliest  newspaper,  the  Centinel  was 
born  at  Gettysburg  November  12,  1800. 
Robert  Harper  the  founder  of  the  Centinel 
died  in  1817  and  fifty  years  later  it  was 
consolidated  with  the  Star  under  its  present 
name  of  Star  and  Sentinel.  The  Star  had 
been  established  in  1828.  The  Compiler 
was  started  September  16,  1818,  and  has 
been  Democratic  in  politics  ever  since.  The 
York  Springs  Comet  was  established  at 
Gettysburg  as  the  Century  and  in  1877  was 
removed  to  the  former  place.  Littlestown 
has  had  a  number  of  short  lived  papers: 
The  Weekly  Visitor  (started  in  1847), 
Weekly  Ledger,  Crystal  Palace,  Littles- 
town  Press,  Littlestown  News,  The  Cour- 
ier, and  Littlestown  Era.  The  present  pa- 
per of  Littlestown  is  the  Independent.  The 
Record  was  started  at  New  Berlin  about 
1885  and  continued  for  some  time,  while 
Abbottstown  has  had  two  papers.  The  Yel- 
low Jacket,  started  in  1840,  and  a  German 
paper,  the  Intelligencer,  which  went  down 
in  1850  under  the  name  of  the  Wochen- 
blatt.  The  New  Oxford  Item  was  founded 
in  April,  1877. 

There  are  two  college  journals  published 
in  the  district,  the  Pennsylvania  College 
monthly  and  the  Dickinsonian  monthly, 
while  the  religious  press  is  represented  by 
the  Lutheran  Quarterly  of  Gettysburg,  and 
the  Christian's  Guide,  Lutheran  Missionary 
Journal,  Sunday  School  Worker,  and  the 
Teachers'  Journal  which  are  monthly  pub- 
lications of  York. 


CHAPTER  X. 


Miscellaneous    Topics. 


Historians.  Day  in  his  Historical  Col- 
lections of  Pennsylvania  gives  some  valu- 
able and  important  information  of  each  of 
the  counties  of  the  Nineteenth  District, 
while  Rupp,  Mumbert  and  Glossbrenner  in 
their  histories  have  preserved  a  large 
amount  of  general  and  local  history.  Wing 
did  good  work  in  History  of  Cumberland 
county  and  Hon.  John  Gibson  edited  care- 
fully the  History  of  York  county  published 
in  1886,  of  which  the  special  history  was 
prepared  by  George  R.  Prowell  and  in 
which  valuable  articles  appear  which  were 
written  by  Mrs.  Mary  C.  Fisher,  George  R. 
Prowell,  H.  L.  Fisher,  R.  C.  Bair,  Profes- 
sor Frazer,  R.  F.  Gibson.  Glossbrenner 
was  assisted  by  Carter,  and  Smith  pub- 
lished a  history  of  York  county  in  the 
Hanover  Herald. 

In  the  history  of  Cumberland  and  Adams 
counties  published  in  1886,  in  which  good 
work  was  done,  the  general  history  of  Cum- 
berland county  was  written  by  Durant  and 
Richard,  while  the  bench  and  bar  and 
township  and  borough  history  was  pre- 
pared by  Bellman.  The  general  history  of 
Adams  county  was  prepared  by  Bradsby 
except  two  chapters  furnished  by  Sheely, 
and  the  local  history  was  written  by  Leeson. 

Slavery  and  Redemptioners.  In  1780 
the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania  passed  an 
act  for  the  gradual  abolition  of  negro  slav- 
ery and  1850  the  last  slave  in  the  district 
was  free.  In  some  townships  where  the 
Quakers  predominated  no  slaves  were  ever 
held,  as  that  denomination  was  opposed  to 


the  institution  of  human  servitude.  In  the 
present  territory  of  York  and  Adams  coun- 
ties there  were  471  slaves  in  1810  and  but 
6  in  1820.  There  were  quite  a  number  of 
slaveholders  in  Cumberland  county,  which 
had  18  slaves  in  1768;  228  in  1810;  and  24 
as  late  as  1840.  A  large  number  of  manu- 
mited  slaves  passed  through  the  district 
between  1820  and  1850,  and  on  August  8, 
1819,  the  York  County  Colonization  so- 
ciety was  formed  to  aid  in  transporting  the 
freed  slaves  and  free  negroes  to  Liberia, 
Africa. 

When  the  fugitive  slave  law  was  passed 
the  "underground  railroad"  had  many 
agents  in  the  district.  William  Wright 
was  a  prominent  agent  and  York  was  a  sta- 
tion on  one  of  these  roads  that  passed  to  Co- 
lumbia. Another  road  came  through 
Adams  county  to  Dover  in  York  county 
and  thence  to  Boiling  Springs  in  Cumber- 
land county  and  to  Middletown  Ferry  on 
the  Susquehanna  river. 

Another  evil  almost  as  bad  as  slavery 
was  the  importation  of  redemptioners  dur- 
ing colonial  days.  The  redemptioners  were 
principally  from  Germany  and  were  to  be 
sold  for  so  long  a  time  to  pay  for  their 
passage  to  this  country.  In  some  instances 
children  were  kidnapped,  and  often  treated 
worse  than  slaves.  In  1760  there  were  100 
redemptioners  in  York  county  and  quite  a 
number  in  Cumberland  and  Adams  coun- 
ties, and  as  late  as  1781,  49  of  this  class, 
whose  time  had  not  expired,  still  remained 
in  York  county. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


^■^^ 


Political  and  Civil  Lists  of  Cumber- 
land  County.  The  offices  of  Sheriff  and 
Prothonotary  were  filled  as  early  as  1749 
and  1750  and  in  the  civil  list  we  give  the 
principal  county  offices. 

Congress:  1795,  James  Wilson;  1778, 
John  Armstrong;  1783,  to  July  4,  John 
Montgomery;  1797,  John  A.  Hanna;  1805, 
Robt.  Whitehill;  1814,  Wm.  Crawford; 
1815-21,  Wm.  P.  McClay;  1827,  Wm.  Ram- 
sey; 1833,  unexpired  term,  C.  T.  H.  Craw- 
ford; 1835-37,  Jesse  Miller;  1838,  Wm.  S. 
Ramsey;  1841,  Amos  Gustine;  1843,  James 
Black;  1847,  Jasper  E.  Brady;  1849,  J.  X. 
McLanahan;  1853,  Wm.  H.  Kurtz;  1855, 
Lemuel  Todd;  1857,  John  A.  Ahl;  1859, 
B.  F.  Junkin;  1861,  Joseph  Bailey;  1865,  A. 
J.  Glossbrenner;  1869,  Rich.  J.  Haldeman; 
1873,  John  A.  McGee;  1875,  Levi  Maish; 
1879,  F.  E.  Beltzhoover;  1883,  W.  A.  Dun- 
can; 1885,  J.  A.  Swope. 

State  Senators:  1841,  J.  X.  McLana- 
han; 1844,  W.  B.  Anderson;  1847,  R-  C. 
Sterrett;  1850,  Joseph  Bailey;  1853,  Sam'l 
Wherry;  1856,  Henry  Fetter;  1859,  Wm. 
B.  Irwine;  1862,  Geo.  H.  Bucher;  1865,  A. 
H.  Glatz;  1868,  A.  G.  Miller;  1871,  J.  M. 
Weakley;  1875,  James  Chestnut;  1878, 
Isaac  Hereter;  1882,  S.  C.  Wagner;  1886, 
W.  A.  Martin. 

Members  of  Assembly:  1779,  Abraham 
Smith,  Samuel  Cuthbertson,  Frederick 
Watts,  Jonathan  Hoge,  John  Harris,  Wil- 
liam McDowell,  Ephraim  Steele;  1780,  S. 
Cuthbertson,  Stephen  Duncan,  Wm. 
Brown,  J.  Hoge,  John  Andrews,  James- 
Harris,  John  Allison;  1781,  James  McLean, 
John  Allison,  James  Johnson,  Wm.  Brown, 
Robt.  McGan,  John  Montgomery,  Stephen 
Duncan;  1782,  S.  Duncan,  John  Carothers, 
J.  Johnson,  Wm.  Brown,  James  McLene, 
J.  Hoge,  Patrick  Maxwell;  1783,  Wm. 
Brown,  F.  Watts,  James  Johnson,  John 
Carothers,  Abraham  Smith,  Wm.  Brown, 
Robt.  Whitehill;  1784  to  1814,  no  record 


available;  1814,  Jacob  Alter,  Samuel  Fen- 
ton,  James  Lowry,  Andrew  Boden,  Wm. 
Anderson;  1815,  Philip  Peffer,  Wm.  Wal- 
lace, Sol.  Gorgas;  1824,  James  Dunlap; 
1829,  Wm.  Alexander,  Peter  Lobach;  1833, 
Michael  Cochlin,  Samuel  McKeehan;  1834, 
David  Emmert;  1835,  Wm.  Runsha, 
Charles  McClure;  1836-38,  W.  R.  Gorgas, 
James  Woodburn;  1840,  A.  S.  McKinney, 
John  Zimmerman;  1841,  Wm.  Barr,  Joseph 
Culver;  1842,  James  Kennedy,  George 
Brindle;  1843,  Francis  Eckels;  1843-44,  Ja- 
cob Heck;  1844,  George  Brindle;  1845,  A. 
H.  Van  Hoff,  Joseph  M.  Means;  1846, 
James  Mackey,  Armstrong  Noble;  1847, 
Jacob  LeFevre;  1847-48,  Abraham  Lam- 
berton;  1848,  George  Rupley;  1849-50, 
Henry  Church,  T.  E.  Scouller;  1851,  Ellis 
J.  Bonham;  1851-52,  Robert  M.  Hender- 
son; 1852-53,  David  J.  McKee;  1853, 
Henry  J.  Moser;  1854,  Montgomery  Don- 
aldson, G.  W.  Criswell;  1855-56,  Wm.  Har- 
per, James  Anderson;  1857,  Charles  C. 
Brandt;  1857-58,  Hugh  Stuart;  1858-59, 
John  McCurdy;  1859,  John  Power,  i860, 
W.  B.  Irvine,  Wm.  Louther;  1861,  Jesse 
Kennedy;  1861-62,  John  P.  Rhoads;  1863- 
64,  John  D.  Bowman;  1865-66,  Philip 
Long;  1867-68,  Theodore  Cornman;  1869- 
70,  John  B.  Leidig;  1871-72,  Jacob  Bom- 
berger;  1873-74,  Wilham  B.  Butler;  1874- 
75,  G.  M.  Mumper;  1876-77,  Samuel  W. 
Means;  1877-78,  Samuel  A.  Bowers;  1878- 
8o,A.  M.  Rhoads.R.M.  McCochran,  Jr. ;  1882 
George  M.  D.  Eckels,  John  Graham;  1888, 
S.  M.  Wherry,  J.  P.  Zeigler. 

Sheriffs:  1749,  John  Potter;  1750,  Ezek- 
iel  Dunning;  1756,  William  Parker;  1759, 
Ezekiel  Smith;  1762,  Ezekiel  Dunning; 
1765,  John  Holmes;  1768,  David  Hoge; 
1 77 1,  Ephraim  Blaine;  1774,  Ephraim 
Blaine;  1774,  Robt.  Semple;  1777,  James 
Johnson;  1780,  John  Hoge;  1783,  Sam'l 
Postlethwaite;  1786,  Charles  Deeper;  1789, 
Thos.    Buchanan;    1792,    James    Wallace; 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


1795'  Jacob  Crever;  1798,  John  Carothers; 
1801,  Robt.  Greyson;  1804,  George  Stroup; 
1807,  John  Carothers;  1810,  John  Boden; 
1813,  John  Rupley;  1816,  Andrew  Mitchell; 
1819,  Peter  Pitney;  1822,  James  Neal; 
1825,  John  Clippinger;  1828,  Martin  Dun- 
lap;  1831,  George  Beetem;  1834,  Michael 
Holcombe;  1837,  John  Myers;  1840,  Paul 
Martin;  1843,  Adam  Longsdorf;  1846, 
James  Hoffer;  1849,  David  Smith;  1852, 
Joseph  McDarmond;  1855,  Jacob  Bowman; 
1858,  Robt.  McCartney;  1861,  J.  T.  Rippey; 
1864,  John  Jacobs;  1867,  J.  C.  Thompson; 
1870,  J.  K.  Foreman;  1873,  Joseph  Totten; 
1876,  David  H.  Gill;  1879,  A.  A.  Thomson; 
1882,  George  B.  Eyster;  1885,  James  R. 
Dixon. 

Prothonotaries:  1750-1770,  Hermanus 
Alricks,  Turbutt  Francis,  John  Agnew; 
1777,  Wm.  Lyon;  1820,  B.  Aughinbaugh; 
1823,  J.  P.  Helfenstein;  1826,  R.  McCoy; 
1828,  Willis  Foulke;  1829,  John  Harper; 
1835,  George  Fleming;  1839,  George  San- 
derson; 1842,  T.  H.  Criswell;  1845,  Wil- 
liam M.  Beetem;  1848,  J.  F.  Lamberton; 
1851,  Philip  Quigley;  i860,  Benjamin 
Duke;  1863,  Samuel  Shireman;  1866,  John 
P.  Brindle;  1869,  W.  V.  Cavanaugh;  1872, 
D.  W.  Worst;  1875,  J.  M.  Wallace;  1878, 
Robt.  M.  Graham;  1881,  James  A.  Sibbett; 
1884,  Lewis  Masonheimer. 

Treasurers:  1787,  Stephen  Duncan;  1789, 
Alex.  McKeehan;  1795,  Robt.  Miller;  1800, 
James  Duncan;  1805,  Hugh  Boden;  1807, 
John  Boden;  1810,  Robert  McCoy;  1813, 
John  Mc'Ginnis;  181 5,  Andrew  Boden; 
1817,  George  M.  Feely;  1820,  James 
Thompson;  1824,  George  McFeely;  1826, 
Alex.  Nesbitt;  1829,  Hendricks  Weise; 
1832,  John  Phillips;  1835,  Jason  W.  Eby; 
1838,  W.  S.  Ramsey;  1839,  Robt.  Snod- 
grass;  1841,  W.  A.  Mateer;  1843,  Robt. 
Moore,  Jr.;  1849,  W.  M.  Porter;  1851,  W. 
S.  Cobean;  1853,  N.  W.  Woods;  1855, 
Adam    Senseman;    1857,    Moses    Bricker; 


1859,  A.  L.  Sponsler;  1861,  John  Gutshall; 
1863,  Henry  S.  Riter;  1865,  Levi  Zeigler; 
1867,  Christian  Mellinger;  1869,  George 
Wetzel;  1871,  George  Bobb;  1873,  L.  H. 
Orris;  1875,  A.  A.  Thompson;  1878,  J.  C. 
Eckels;  1881,  W.  H.  Longsdorf;  1884,  Ja- 
cob Hemminger. 

County  Commissioners:  1834,  Alex.  M. 
Kerr;  1840,  Michael  Mishler;  1841,  Jacob 
Rehrar;  1842,  Robert  Laird;  1843,  Chris- 
tian Titzel;  1844,  Jefferson  Worthington; 
1845,  David  Sterrett;  1846,  Daniel  Coble; 
1847,  John  Mell;  1848,  James  Kelso;  1849, 
John  Sprout;  1850,  W.  H.  Trout;  1851,  J. 
G.  Cressler;  1852,  John  Bobb;  1853,  James 
Armstrong;  1854,  Geo.  M.  Graham;  1855, 
W.  M.  Henderson;  1856,  Andrew  Kerr; 
1857,  Samuel  Magaw;  1858,  N.  H.  Eckels; 
1859,  J.  H.  Waggoner;  i860,  George  Mil- 
ler; 1861,  Michael  Kast;  1862,  George  Sco- 
bey;  1863,  John  McCoy,  (3  yrs),  M.  Mc- 
Clain  (2  yrs);  1864,  Henry  Karns,  John 
Harris;  1865,  Alex  F.  Meek;  1866,  M.  G. 
Hale;  1867,  Allen  Floyd;  1869,  Jacob 
Rhoads;  1870,  David  Deits;  1871,  J.  C. 
Sample;  1872,  Samuel  Ernst;  1873,  Jacob 
Barber;  1874,  Joseph  Bauts;  1875,  Jacob 
Barber;  1878,  Jacob  Barber;  Hugh  Boyd; 
1 88 1,  Hugh  Boyd,  Alfred  B.  Strock;  1884, 
James  B.  Brown,  George  Hauck. 

Registers:  The  office  of  Clerk,  Register 
and  Recorder  were  held  by  John  Creigh 
and  William  Lyon,  and  then  from  1798  to 
1832  the  ofilices  of  Register  and  Recorder 
were  combined.  The  Registers  from  1834 
have  been  1834,  J.  G.  Oliver;  1835,  Wilham 
Line;  1839,  Isaac  Angey;  1842,  Jacob 
Bretz;  1845,  James  McCullough;  1848, 
Wm.  Gould;  1851,  A.  L.  Sponsler;  1854, 
Wm.  Lytle;  1857,  S.  M.  Emminger;  i860, 
E.  N.  Brady;  1863,  G.  W.  North;  1866,  Ja- 
cob Dorsheimer;  1869,  Joseph  Neely;  1872, 
John  Reep;  1875,  Martin  Guswiler;  1878, 
J.  M.  Drawbaugh;  1881,  C.  Jacoby;  1884, 
L.  R.  Spong. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


149 


Clerks  and  Recorders:  1832,  Reinneck 
Angney;  1834,  John  Irvine;  1836,  Thomas 
Craighead;  1839,  Willis  Foulke;  1842, 
Robt.  Wilson;  1845,  John  Goodyear;  1848, 
John  Hyer;  1851,  Samuel  Martin;  1854,  J. 
M.  Gregg;  1857,  D.  S.  Croft;  i860,  J.  B. 
Floyd;  1863,  Eph.  Cornman;  1866,  Samuel 
Bixler;  1869,  G.  S.  Sheaffer;  1872,  G.  S. 
Emig;  1875,  D.  B.  Stevick;  1878,  John 
Sheaffer;  1881,  D.  B.  Saxton;  1884,  John 
Zinn. 

Indian  Local  Names  Many  a  moun- 
tain and  river  of  this  broad  land  will  carry 
its  Indian  name  down  to  the  end  of  time, 
through  the  English  language.  Mrs.  Sig- 
ourney  has  said  truthfully  of  the  Indians: 
"But  their  name  is  on  your  waters; 

Ye  may  not  wash  it  out." 
"Your  mountains  build  their  monuments, 
Though  ye  destroy  their  dust." 

The  Indians  living  in  and  passing 
through  the  territory  of  the  present  Nine- 
teenth District  gave  names  to  mountain, 
stream  and  plain  but  nearly  all  knowledge 
of  them  was  lost  when  the  early  settlers 
passed  away. 

From  Boyd's  Indian  Local  Names  we 
select  those  that  pertain  to  the  district  and 
its  adjoining  territory: 

Accomac  (acaumauke),  means  on  the 
other  side. 

Chesapeake,  great  water  stretched  out. 

Cocalico,  where  snakes  gather  together 
in  dens. 

Codorus,  rapid  water. 

Conedoguinit,  continual  bends. 

Conestogo,  corruption  of  Canastagiowne, 
the  great  magic  land. 

Conewago,  long  strip,  or  long  reach. 

Conecocheague,  indeed  a  long  way. 

Cookquago,  big  owl. 

Coos,  a  Lenappe  word,  the  pines. 

Kithanne  or  Kehthanne,  applied  to  the 
Delaware  river,  meaning  the  largest  stream. 

Lackawanna  (Lechauhanne),  forked 
stream. 


Mauch  Chunk  (Machktschunk),  the  bear 
mountain. 

Susquehanna  (gawanowananeh),  great 
island  river. 

Waseca,  red  earth,  or  red  paint. 

Yellow  Breeches  (Callapasscink),  where 
it  turns  back  again. 

Meteorology.  But  few  meteorological 
observations  taken  in  the  district  are  on 
record.  Great  floods  have  occurred  on  the 
Susquehanna  river  in  1744,  1758,  1772, 
1784,  1786,  1800,  1814,  1817,  1822,  1846, 
and  1884,  while  immense  ice  floods  were 
along  the  river  in  1830,  1865  and  1875. 
Deep  snows  fell  in  1772  and  1894,  and  hail 
storms  occurred  in  1797  and  1821,  while 
1822  witnessed  a  great  drought.  The  great 
meteoric  shower  of  1833  was  observed  by 
many,  and  already  some  are  looking  for- 
ward to  the  expected  shower  of  1899. 

Political  and  Civil  Lists  of  Adams 
County.  Adams  county  has  been  in  six 
different  Congressional  Districts  from  1800 
to  1897. 

Congressmen:  1800,  John  Stewart; 
1804,  James  Kelly;  1808,  Wm.  Crawford; 
1812,  Robert  Whitehill;' 1814-16,  Wm.  Mc- 
Clay;  1816-18,  Andrew  Boden;  1818,  David 
Fullerton;  1820,  James  McSherry;  1820, 
James  Duncan,  Thomas  G.  McCullough; 
1821-24,  John  Finley;  1822-26,  James  Wil- 
son; 1826-30,  Wm.  Ramsey;  1828-30,  T.  H 
Crawford;  1832,  George  Chambers;  1836, 
Daniel  Sheffer;  1838,  James  Cooper;  1842, 
Henry  Nes;  1844,  Moses  McClean;  1846, 
Henry  Nes;  1850,  W.  H.  Kurtz;  Joel  B. 
Danner;  1852,  S.  L.  Russell;  1854,  D.  F. 
Robinson;  1856,  Wilson  Reilly;  1858,  Ed- 
ward McPherson;  1862,  A.  H.  Cofifarth; 
1864,  W.  H.  Koontz;  1868,  John  Cessna; 
1870,  B.  F.  Meyers;  1S74,  Levi  Maish; 
1878,  F.  E.  Beltzhoover;  1882,  W.  A.  Dun- 
can; 1884,  J.  A.  Swope. 

State  Senators:  1801,  Wm.  Reed;  1803, 
Randolph  Spangler;  1805,  William  Miller; 


^50 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


1811,  John  Stroman;  1813,  James  Mc- 
Sherry;  1815,  C.  A.  Barnitz;  1817,  Wm. 
Gilliland;  1819,  Fred  Eichelberger,  George 
Eyster;  1821,  George  Eyster;  1823,  Wm. 
Mcllvaine;  1824,  Zeph  Herbert;  1826, 
Henry  Logan;  1829,  Ezra  Ely  the;  1831, 
Henry  Smyser;  1833,  David  Middlecoff; 
1835,  James  McConkey;  1837,  C.  B.  Pen- 
rose, Jacob  Cassat;  1841,  J.  X.  McLana- 
han,  W.  R.  Gorgas;  1844,  Thomas  Carson; 
1847,  Wm.  R.  Sadler;  1850,  Thomas  Car- 
son; 1853,  David  WelHnger;  1856,  G.  W. 
Brewer;  1859,  A.  K.  McClure;  1862,  Wm. 
McSherry;  1865,  David  McConaughy;  1894, 
C.  M.  Duncan;  1871,  Wm.  McSherry;  1874, 
James  Chestnut;  1878,  Isaac  Hereter;  1882, 
S.  C.  Wagner;  1886,  W.  A.  Martin. 

Members  of  Assembly:  1800-02,  Thomas 
Thornbaugh;  1800-3,  Henry  Slagle;  1802- 
04,  William  Miller;  1803-06,  Andrew 
Shriver;  1805-06,  Walter  Smith;  1807, 
James  McSherry,  James  Gettys;  1810,  Jas. 
McSherry,  James  Robinnette;  1813,  James 
Robinnette,  William  Miller;  1816,  Michael 
Slage,  Samuel  Witherow;  1818,  Samuel 
Witherow,  William  Thompson;  1819,  Wil- 
liam Miller,  William  Thompson;  1820, 
Jacob  Cassat,  Isaac  Weirman;  1824,  James 
McSherry,  George  Deardorf;  1826,  James 
McSherry,  T.  T.  Bonner;  1827,  Ezra 
Blythe,  T.  T.  Bonner;  1828,  James  Mc- 
Sherry, Thos.  Stevens;  1829,  James  Mc- 
Sherry, D.  Middlecauf;  1830,  James  Mc- 
Sherry, Andrew  Marshall;  1831,  Christian 
Picking,  Andrew  Marshall;  1832,  James 
Potters,  Wm.  Renshaw;  1833,  James  Pat- 
terson, Thaddeus  Stevens;  1834,  James  Mc- 
Sherry, Thaddeus  Stevens;  1836,  Wm.  Mc- 
Curdy,  Christian  Picking;  1839,  D.  M. 
Smyser,  Wm.  Albright;  1840,  D.  M.  Smy- 
ser, G.  L.  Fauss;  1841,  Thaddeus  Stevens, 
G.  L.  Fauss;  1842,  John  Marshall,  Henry 
Myers;  1843,  James  Cooper;  1845,  John 
Brough;  1846,  James  Cooper;  1847,  Wm. 
McSherry;  1848,  James  Cooper;  1849,  Wm. 


McSherry;  1849,  Daniel  Smyser;  i8so,Wm. 
McSherry;  1851,  David  Mellinger;  1853, 
J.  C.  Elhs;  1854,  Moses  McClean;  1855, 
Isaac  Robinson;  1856,  John  Musselman; 
1857,  Chas.  Will;  1858,  Sam'l  Durborrow; 
i860,  Henry  T.  Myers;  1861,  John  Bushey; 
i862,Henry T.Myers;  i863,Jas. H.Marshall; 
1865,  P.  L.  Houck;  1866,  Nicholas  Heltzel; 
1868,  A.  B.  Dill;  1870,  Isaac  Hereter;  1872, 
W.  S.  Hildebrand;  1874,  E.  W.  Stable, 
Daniel  Geiselman;  1876,  W.  A.  Martin,  W. 
T.  McClure;  1878,  W.  R.  White,  J.  E. 
Smith;  1880,  J.  U.  Neely,  A.  W.  Storm; 
1882,  R.  W.  Bream,  F.  G.  Smeringer;  1884, 
S.  S.  Stockslager,  Eph.  Myers;  1888,  John 
J.  Brown,  Francis  Cole. 

Sheriffs:  1800,  Geo.  Lashells;  1803,  Jas. 
Gettys;  1806,  Jacob  Winrott;  1809,  James 
Horner;  1812,  John  Murphy;  1815,  Sam'l 
Galloway;  1818,  John  Arendt;  1821,  Ber- 
nard Gilbert;  1824,  Thos.  C.  Miller;  1827, 
Philip  Heagy;  1830,  Wm.  Cobean;  1833, 
James  Bell;  1836,  Wm.  Taughinbaugh ; 
1839,  G.  W.  McClellan;  1842,  Francis 
Bream;  1845,  Benj.  Shriver;  1848,  Wm. 
Fickes;  1851,  John  Scott;  1854,  Henry 
Thomas;  1857,  Isaac  Lightner;  i860,  Sam'l 
Wolf;  1863,  Adam  Rebert;  1866,  Philip 
Hann;  1869,  Jacob  Klunk;  1872,  James 
Hersh;  1875,  Joseph  Spangler;  1878,  A.  J. 
Bowers;  1881,  J.  H.  Plank;  1884,  Samuel 
Eaholtz. 

Prothonotaries:  1800  to  182 1,  James 
Duncan,  appointed;  1821,  Wm.  McClel- 
lan; 1824,  Geo.  Welsh;  1832,  Geo.  Zeigler; 
1835,  Bernard  Gilbert;  1839,  J.  B.  Danner; 
1839,  ^-  McGinley;  1842,  J.  B.  Danner; 
1845,  A.  B.  Kurtz;  1848,  John  Picking; 
1851,  W.  W.  Paxton;  1854,  John  Picking; 
1857,  Jacob  Bushey;  i860,  J.  F.  Bailey; 
1862,  Jacob  Bushey;  1865,  J.  A.  Kitzmiller; 
1868,  Jacob  iMelhorn;  1871,  Thos.  G. 
Neely;  1877,  Daniel  Chronister;  1880, 
Robt.  McCurdy;  1883,  S.  A.  Smith. 

Registers      and      Recorders:       1800-21, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


151 


James  Duncan;  1821,  J.  Winrott;  1823, 
Wm.  McClellan;  1824,  George  Zeigler; 
1830,  J.  B.  Clark;  1835,  T.  C.  Miller;  1836, 
J.  A.  Thompson;  1839,  Jacob  Le  Fevre; 
1839,    Wm.    King;    1845,    Robt.    Cobean; 

1848,  W.  W.  Hammersly;  1851,  Daniel 
Plank;  1854,  W.  F.  Walter;  1857,  Zach 
Myers;  i860,  Chas.  X.  Martin;  1863,  Sam'l 
Lilly;  1866,  W.  D.  Holtzworth;  1869,  S.  A. 
Svvope;  1872,  J.  C.  Shriver;  1875,  N.  Mil- 
ler; 1878,  S.  B.  Horner;  1881,  J.  Slay- 
baugh;  1885,  I.  S.  Stonesifer. 

Clerks  of  the  Courts:  The  prothonotar- 
ies  served  as  clerks  until  1832.  1832,  John 
1835,  Thos.  Dickey;  1839,  J.  B.  Danner; 
1839,  S.  H.  Russell;  1842,  D.  C.  Brinker- 
hoff;  1845,  W.  S.  Hamilton;  1848,  Hugh 
Dinwiddle;  1851,  Eden  Norris;  1854,  J.  J. 
Baldwin;  1857,  H.  G.  Wolf;  i860,  John 
Eiholtz;  1863,  J.  J.  Fink;  1866,  A.  W. 
Marter;  1869,  H.  G.  Wolf;  1872,  Robt. 
McCleaf ;  1875,  A.  King;  1878,  J.  C.  Pitten- 
turf;  1881,  F.  M.  Timmins;  1884,  C.  W. 
Stoner. 

County  Treasurers:  1801,  James  Scott; 
1805,  Samuel  Agnew;  1807,  Mathew  Long- 
well;  1809,  Walter  Smith;  1812,  John  Mc- 
Canaughy;  1815,  Wm.  McLean;  i8i8,Wal- 
ter  Smith;  1821,  Robt.  Smith;  1825,  J.  B. 
McPherson;  1828,  W.  S.  Cobean;  1831, 
Robt.  Smith;  1834,  Wm.  Laub;  1835,  Jesse 
Gilbert;  1836,  Bernard  Gilbert;  1837,  Jesse 
Gilbert;  1838,  J.  H.  McClellan;  1841,  J.  A. 
Thompson;  1843,  J.  H.  McClellan;  1845, 
David    McCreary;    1847,    R.    G.    Harper; 

1849,  J.  H.  Fahnestock;  1851,  Thos.  War- 
ren; 1853,  Geo.  Arnold;  1855,  J.  L.  Shick; 
1857,  J.  B.  Danner;  1859,  W.  Ziegler;  1861, 
H.  B.  Danner;  1863,  Jacob  Troxel;  1865, 
Jacob  Sheads;  1867,  H.  D.  Wattles;  1869, 
W.  J.  Martin;  1871,  R.  D.  Armor;  1873, 
W.  K.  Gallagher;  1875,  Chas.  Zeigler; 
1878,  F.  S.  Ramer;  1881,  S.  K.  Folk;  1884, 
G.  E.  Stock. 

County    Commissioners:     1800,    Walter 


Smith,  Henry  Hull,  Michael  Slagle;  1801, 
Walter  Smith;  1802,  Henry  Hull;  1803, 
Michael  Slagle;  1804,  Moses  McClean; 
1805,  Jacob  Cassat;  1806,  John  Bounce; 
1807,  John  Arendt;  1808,  Joseph  Swear- 
inger;  1809,  Samuel  Withrow  and  Peter 
Mack;  1810,  Henry  Brinkerhoff;  1811, 
Mack;  1812,  Robt.  Hays;  1813,  John  Stew- 
art and  Alex.  Russell;  1814,  Henry  Smyser 
and  David  Stewart;  1815,  Amos  McGinley; 
1816,  Michael  Newman;  1817,  James  Hor- 
ner; 1818,  Wm.  Patterson;  1819,  Joseph 
Swearinger;  1820,  Archibald  Boyd;  1821, 
Alex.  Mack;  1822,  Harmon  Weirman; 
1823,  Jacob  Shorb;  1824,  James  Paxton; 
1825,  J.  F.  McFarlane;  1826,  S.  B.  Wright; 
1827,  Jacob  Fickes;  1828,  James  Mcll- 
henny;  1829,  Thos.  Ehrehart;  1830,  Jacob 
Cover;  1831,  J.  L.  Gubernator;  1832,  Robt. 
Mcllhenny;  1833,  John  Brough;  1834, 
John  Musselman;  1835,  George  Will;  1836, 
John  Wolford;  1837,  Wm.  Rex  and  James 
Renshaw;  1838,  Daniel  Diehl;  1839,  J.  J. 
Kuhn;  1840,  Wm.  Douglas;  1841,  Geo. 
Basehoar;  1842,  James  Patterson;  1843, 
Peter  Diehl;  1844,  James  Cunningham; 
1845,  James  Funk;  1846,  And.  Heintzel- 
man;  1847,  Jacob  King;  1848,  J.  G.  Morn- 
ingstar;  1849,  John  Musselman,  Jr.;  1850, 
Jacob  Griest;  1851,  A.  Reaser;  1852,  John 
Mickey;  1853,  J.  S.  Wills;  1854,  Geo. 
Myers;  1855,  H.  A.  Picking;  1856,  Josiah 
Benner;  1857,  J.  Rafifensperger ;  1858,  D. 
Geiselman;  1859,  J.  H.  Marshall;  i860,  W. 
B.  Gardiner;  1861,  Eph.  Myers;  1862, 
Jacob  Eppleman;  1863,  Sam'l  March;  1864, 
Abraham  Krise;  1865,  Sam'l  Wolf;  1866, 
N.  Weirman;  1867,  Jacob  Lott;  1868, 
Moses  Hartman;  1869,  E.  Neidich;  1870, 
Francis  Will;  1871,  J.  E.  Smith;  1872,  J. 
H.  Myers;  1873,  John  Herbst;  1874,  H.  W. 
Swartz;  1875,  John  Nunemaker,  J.  E. 
Leas,  I.  D.  Worley;  1878,  Henry  Gulp, 
Jacob  Hainish;  1884,  Abraham  Sheely,  E. 
D.  Keller,  J.  T.  Hartzell. 


152 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Secret  Societies.  Tradition  asserts  that 
a  traveling  Masonic  lodge  of  Revolutionary 
times  held  sessions  at  York  in  1777,  but  the 
first  regular  Masonic  lodge  there  was  St. 
John's,  No.  123,  which  was  instituted  Oc- 
tober 27,  1810,  while  the  present  lodges, 
York,  No.  266,  and  Zeredatha  were  consti- 
tuted November  4,  1852,  and  November 
24,  1869.  Other  lodges  were  founded  at 
other  places  in  York  county,  and  chapter 
and  commandery  were  organized  in  due 
time.  Cumberland  Star  Lodge,  No.  197, 
Free  and  Accepted  Masons  was  instituted 
at  Carlisle,  November  6,  1824,  and  was  fol- 
lowed by  St.  John's  Chapter,  St.  John's 
Commandery  and  St.  John's  Lodge,  at  Car- 
lisle and  by  chapters  and  lodges  in  other 
parts  of  Cumberland  county.  Good  Sa- 
maritan Lodge,  No.  200,  was  constituted  at 
Gettysburg,  January  i,  1825,  and  a  chapter 
organized  in  1886. 

Odd  Fellowship.  This  organization 
whose  lodges  and  camps  are  so  numerous 
in  the  Nineteenth  district,  was  introduced 
at  York  in  1842  by  the  institution  of  Mt. 
Zion  Lodge,  No.  74.  Mt.  Vernon  Chapter, 
No.  14,  was  organized  January  28,  1845, 
and  soon  lodges  were  started  in  all  of  the 
larger  towns  of  York  county.  Cumberland 
Lodge,  No.  90,  was  founded  December  12, 
1846.  Carlisle  Lodge,  No.  91,  was  institu- 
ted December  22,  1843,  Mechanicsburg, 
Lodge,  No.  215,  in  1846,  and  Valley  En- 
campment, No.  34,  June  22,  1846.  An  Odd 
Fellow  lodge  was  organized  at  Gettysburg 
before  1850,  and  Union  Encampment  of 
that  place  was  instituted  October  3,  1857. 

Improved  Order  of  Red  Men.  Cayuga 
Tribe,  No.  31,  was  organized  at  Gettysburg, 
June  25,  1854,  and  tribes  have  been  institu- 
ted since  in  different  parts  of  Adams 
county.  Conedoguinet  Tribe,  No.  108,  was 
instituted  at  Carlisle,  September  27,  1868, 
but  Conewago  Tribe,  No.  37,  was  or- 
ganized at  York  in  1857,  and  tribes  now  are 


numerous  in  some  parts  of  the  district. 

Knights  of  Pythias.  On  November 
II,  1869,  White  Rose  Castle,  No.  211,  was 
instituted  at  York,  and  soon  other  Castles 
were  organized, but  internal  troubles  in  1874 
retarded  the  growth  of  the  order  for  a  time. 

Temperance  Organization.  As  early 
as  1829,  a  temperance  society  was  formed  at 
Carlisle  and  the  Washingtonians,  Good 
Templars  and  other  secret  branches  of  the 
temperance  organizations  have  been  repre- 
sented in  the  district. 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  Cor- 
poral Skelly  Post,  No.  9,  was  organized  at 
Gettysburg  prior  to  1872,  and  is  one  of  the 
oldest  posts  in  the  State,  while  posts  are 
now  in  existence  in  dififerent  parts  of  the 
district,  and  as  death  thins  the  veteran 
ranks,  and  sweeps  away  the  posts,  camps 
of  Sons  of  Veterans  are  being  organized  to 
take  their  places. 

Knights  of  the  Qolden  Eagle.  This  or 
ganization  is  growing  rapidly  in  the  district 
and  a  number  of  castles  are  in  existence, 
but  we  have  no  data  to  give  the  year  and 
place  of  its  introduction. 

Other  Societies.  At  present  there  exist 
in  the  Nineteenth  District  conclaves  of  the 
American  and  Junior  orders  of  Mechanics; 
lodges  of  Knights  of  Labor,  Mystic  Broth- 
ers, Mystic  Chain,  Artificers,  Sons  of  St. 
John,  and  Heptasophs;  branches  of  the 
Brotherhood  of  Engineers ;  camps  of  Patri- 
otic Order  Sons  of  America;  councils  of  L'. 
A.  Mechanics  and  the  Royal  Arcanum;  and 
negro  lodges  of  Masons  and  Odd  Fellows 
introduced  from  England  originally  and 
erroneously  called  colored  Masons  and 
Odd  Fellows,  as  all  races  are  colored  or 
have  color  as  well  as  the  negro.  Besides 
these  secret  societies  are  some  semi-secret 
associations,  such  as  St.  Mary's  and  St. 
Joseph's  and  the  German  Laboring  Men's 
Beneficial  Association. 

Insurance.      The  progress  of  insurance 


NlN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


153 


has  naturally  followed  the  development  of 
commerce  and  trade,  and  the  system  of  do- 
ing business  on  credit  necessitates  the  in- 
surance of  goods,  while  the  possibilities  of 
fire  demands  insurance  as  the  secret  means 
of  protection  against  loss  in  that  line.  The 
leading  life,  accident  and  fire  insurance 
companies  of  this  country  and  England  are 
well  represented  in  every  county  in  the 
Nineteenth  District,  in  which  the  introduc- 
tion of  insurance  was  between  1840  and 
1850. 

In  addition  to  foreign  companies  doing 
business  in  the  district,  there  have  been 
many  local  insurance  companies  organized 
since  1840.  In  York  county,  the  York 
County  Mutual  Insurance  company  was 
incorporated  April  4,  1843;  Farmers  Insur- 
ance, April  6,  1853;  Farmers  Mutual,  of 
Paradise,  March  24,  1854;  Codorus  and 
Manheim  Mutual,  May  24,  1856;  Dover, 
Conewago,  Newberry,  East  and  West 
Manchester  Mutual,  1856;  Southern  Mutual, 
about  1862;  and  Spring  Garden  Mutual, 
April  14,  1864. 

Gettysburg  National  Cemetery.  The 
grounds  of  the  National  Cemetery  at  Get- 
tysburg comprise  seventeen  acres  of  land  on 
the  highest  point  on  Cemetery  hill  in  the 
great  battlefield,  where  400  monuments  and 
1,000  markers  costing  nearly  3  million  dol- 
lars, stand  to  tell  of  the  desperate  struggle 
there.  Judge  David  Wills  suggested  this 
cemetery  which  is  the  first  of  all  our  na- 
tional cemeteries.  The  Gettysburg  ceme- 
tery association  representing  18  States,  was 
incorporated  by  the  Pennsylvania  legisla- 
ture in  1864,  and  on  June  22,  1871,  transfer- 
red it  to  the  general  government.  The 
cemetery  is  semicircular  in  form  and  the 
3,590  graves  are  in  22  sections,  with  the 
feet  of  the  dead  laid  toward  the  center  of 
the  semi-circle  where  the  National  m.onu- 
ment  executed  by  Powers  stands, a  beautiful 
shaft   60   feet   high   and   crowned    with   a 


splendid  statue  representing  the  Goddess  of 
Liberty.  The  grounds  were  consecrated 
November  ig,  1863,  when  the  dedicatory 
address — of  which  every  word  seemed  an 
inspiration — was  delivered  by  Abraham 
Lincoln.  Edward  Everett  was  the  orator  of 
the  day,  and  commenced  his  great  oration 
by  saying,  "Standing  beneath  this  serene 
sky,  overlooking  these  broad  fields,  now  re- 
posing from  the  labors  of  the  waning  year, 
the  mighty  Alleghenies  dimly  towering  be- 
fore us,  the  graves  of  our  brethren  beneath 
our  feet,  it  is  with  hesitation  that  I  raise  my 
poor  voice  to  break  the  eloquent  silence  of 
God  and  nature;"  while  his  closing  words 
were  "that  wheresoever  throughout  the  civ- 
ilized world  the  accounts  of  this  great  war- 
fare are  read  and  down  to  the  latest  period 
of  recorded  time,  in  the  glorious  annals  of 
our  common  country  there  will  be  no 
brighter  page  than  that  which  relates  to  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg."  The  corner  stone 
of  the  monument  was  laid  July  4,  1865,  with 
General  Howard  as  orator  of  the  day,  and 
was  dedicated  July  I,  i86g,  when  Oliver  P. 
Morton  delivered  the  oration  and  in  open- 
ing said,  "When  the  monument  which  we 
are  about  to  dedicate  shall  have  crumbled 
into  dust;  when  the  last  vestige  of  this 
cemetery  shall  have  been  obliterated  by  the 
hand  of  time;  when  there  shall  be  nothing 
left  of  all  that  we  see  now  but  the  hills,  the 
valleys,  the  streams  and  the  distant  moun- 
tains, the  great  battle  which  here  took 
place,  with  its  far-reaching  consequences, 
will  still  live  in  history." 

York  County  Political  and  Civil  Lists. 
Congressmen:  1788,  Thomas  Hartley; 
1 801,  John  Stewart;  1804,  James  Kelly; 
1808,  Wm.  Crawford;  1812,  Hugh  Glas- 
gow; 1816,  Jacob  Spangler;  1818,  Jacob 
Hostetter;  1822,  J.  S.  Mitchell;  1826,  Adam 
King;  1832,  C.  A.  Barnitz;  1834,  Henry 
Logan;  1838,  James  Gerry;  1842,  Henry 
Nes;  1850,  W.  K.  Kurtz;    1854,    Lemuel 


154 


Biographical  ant)  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Todd;  1858,  B.  F.  Junkin;  i860,  Joseph 
Bailey;  1868,  R.  J.  Haldeman;  1872,  J.  A. 
McGee;  1874,  Levi  Maisli;  1878,  F.  A. 
Beltzhoover;  1882,  W.  A.  Duncan;  1885, 
John  Swope;  1887,  Levi  Maish;  1891,  F.  E. 
Behzhoover;  1895,  Col.  J.  A.  Stahle;  1897, 
George  J.  Benner. 

State  Senators:  i790,Adam  Hubley,  Jr., 
Michael  Schmeiser  and  Sebastian  Groff; 
1794,  Michael  Schmeiser  and  Thomas 
Lilly;  1795,  James  Ewing;  1800,  Wm. 
Reed;  1803,  Wm.  Miller;  1807,  Thos. 
Campbell,  1809,  Wm.  Gilliland;  1811,  John 
Strohman;  1813,  James  MsSherry;  1815, 
C.  A.  Barnitz;  1817,  Wm.  GilHland;  1819, 
F.  Eichelberger ;  1821,  Jacob  Eyster;  1823, 
Wm.  Mcllvaine;  1824,  Zeph.  Herbert; 
1826,  Henry  Logan;  1829,  Henry  Blythe; 
1831,  Henry  Smyser;  1833,  D.  Middle- 
kauf;  1836,  James  McCochran;  1843,  Adam 
Eby;  1846,  Philip  Smyser;  1849,  Henry 
Fulton;  1852,  T.  S.  Haldeman;  1855,  W. 
H.  Welsh;  1861,  A.  H.  Glatz;  1863,  G.  H. 
Bucher;  1866,  A.  H.  Glatz;  1872,  Wm. 
McSherry;  1875,  H.  G.  Busey;  1878,  J.  H. 
Ross;  1879,  A.  C.  Miller;  1887-94,  Gerard 
C.  Brown;  1895-98,  Harvey  W.  Haines. 

Members  of  Assembly;  1749,  John 
Wright  and  John  Armstrong;  1750,  no  re- 
turn; 1 75 1,  John  Wright  and  John  With- 
erow;  1752,  no  return;  1753,  John  Wright 
and  David  McConaughy;  1760,  John 
Blackburn  and  David  McConaughy;  1765, 
John  Blackburn  and  Robert  McPherson; 
1767,  .Archibald  McGrew  and  Robert  Mc- 
Pherson; 1768,  Thomas  Minshall  and 
Michael  Schwaabe;  1771,  James  Ewing 
and  Michael  Schwaabe;  1772,  James 
Ewing  and  John  Pope;  1774,  James  Ewing 
and  Michael  Schwaabe;  1776,  Archibald 
McLean,  Michael  .Schwaabe,  David  Dunn- 
woodie,  James  Dickson,  Michael  Hahn  and 
John  Read;  1777,  David  Dunwoodie, 
James  Dickson,  Michael  Hahn,  Matthew 
Dill,     John     Agnew,     John     Orr;     1778, 


Thomas  Hartley,  Samuel  Edie,  Thos.  Lilly, 
Michael  Schmeiser,  Wm.  Ross,  Henry 
Schlegal;  1779,  David  Dunwoodie,  James 
Dickson,  Matthew  Dill,  John  Orr,  Henry 
Schlegel,  James  Leeper,  John  Hay,  David 
Kennedy;  1780,  James  Dickson,  Thomas 
Lilly,  Michael  Schmeiser,  Moses  McLean, 
Robert  Gilbraith,  James  Smith,  Williain 
Mitchell,  James  Ramsay;  1781,  Michael 
Hahn,  Thos.  Lilly,  Michael  Schmeiser, 
Moses  McLean,  Robert  McPherson,  James 
Ramsay,  Joseph  McGafifin;  1782,  Michael 
Hahn,  Thos.  Lilly,  Michael  Schmeiser, 
Moses  McLean,  Robert  McPherson,  Jos- 
eph McGaffin,  John  Hay,  Patrick  Scott, 
1783,  Moses  McLean,  Robt.  McPherson, 
Joseph  McGaffin,  John  Hay,  Henry  Miller, 
Philip  Gardner,  David  Grier,  David  Mc- 
Conaughy; 1784,  Robert  McPherson,  John 
Hay,  Henry  Miller,  Philip  Gardner,  David 
McConaughy,  James  Ewing,  Henry  Tyson, 
Joseph  Lilly;  1785,  Henry  Miller,  PhiHp 
Gardner,  David  McConaughy,  Henry  Ty- 
son, Joseph  Lilly,  David  McLellan,  Adam 
Eichelberger,  Michael  Schmeiser;  1786, 
David  ATcConaughy,  Henry  Tyson,  Joseph 
Lilly,  David  McLellan,  Adam  Eichelberger, 
Michael  Schmeiser;  i787,Mich'l  Schmeiser, 
Joseph  Lilly,  David  McLellan,  Joseph 
Read,  Thomas  Clingan;  1788,  Michael 
Schmeiser,  Thomas  Lilly,  Henry  Tyson, 
David  McLellan,  Joseph  Read,  Thomas 
Clingan;  1789,  Thomas  Lilly,  Thomas 
Clingan,  Jacob  Schmeiser,  John  Stewart, 
William  Godfrey,  Joseph  Read;  1790, 
Joseph  Read, Philip  Gardner.  Henry  Tyson, 
William  McPherson,  John  Stewart,  Thos. 
Lilly;  1 79 1,  Thomas  Lilly,  John  Stewart, 
William  McPherson,  Alexander  Turner, 
Thomas  Thornburg,  Henry  Tyson;  1792, 
Philip  Gardner,  John  Stewart,  Alexander 
Turner,  Thomas  Thornburg,  Thomas  Lilly, 
William  McPherson;  1793,  Thomas  Lilly, 
Philip  Gardner,  John  Stewart,  Alexander 
Turner,  Thomas  Campbell,  James  Kelly; 


NlKETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


155 


1794,  Philip  Gardner,  John  Stewart,  Wm. 
McPherson,  Alexander  Turner,  Thomas 
Campbell,  James  Kelly;  1795,  William 
McPherson,  Alexander  Turner,  Thomas 
Campbell,  Philip  Gardner,  William  Miller, 
John  Stewart;  1796,  William  McPherson, 
John  Stewart,  Philip  Gardner,  Alexander 
Turner,  Thomas  Campbell,  William  Miller; 
1797,  Thomas  Campbell,  William  McPher- 
son, Alexander  Turner,  Philip  Gardner, 
Jacob  Hostetter,  James  Kelly;  1798,  Thos. 
Campbell,  Alexander  Turner,  William  Mc- 
Pherson, James  Kelly,  Jacob  Hostetter, 
Philip  Albright;  1799,  William  McPherson, 
Alexander  Turner,  Thomas  Campbell,  Yost 
Herbach,  Alexander  Cobean,  Jacob  Hos- 
tetter; 1800,  Jacob  Hostetter,  Frederick 
Eichelberger,  William  Anderson,  Michael 
Gemmill;  1801,  Frederick  Eichelberger, 
William  Anderson,  Michael  Hellman,  Dan- 
iel Stouffer;  1802,  Frederick  Eichelberger, 
William  Anderson,  Michael  Hellman,  Dan- 
iel Stouffer;  1803,  Michael  Hellman,  Dan- 
ie  Stouffer,  Matthew  Clark,  George  Speng- 
ler;  1804,  Michael  Hellman,  Matthew 
Clark,  George  Spengler,  Adam  Hendricks; 
1805,  George  Spengler,  Conrad  Sherman, 
William  McLellan,  Benjamin  Pedan;  1806, 
William  Anderson,  George  Spengler,  Adam 
Hendricks,  Robert  Hammersly;  1807,  Con- 
rad Sherman,  Jacob  Eichelberger,  Robert 
Gemmill,  John  McLellan;  1808,  George 
Spengler,  Abraham  Grafifius,  Archibald 
Steele,  George  Nes:  1809,  George  Spengler, 
Abraham  Graffius,  George  Ness,  Archibald 
S.  Jordan;  1810,  George  Nes,  James  S.  Mit- 
chell, Moses  Rankin,  Rudolph  Spensrler; 
1811,  Adam  Hendricks.  James  S.  Mitchell, 
Moses  Rankin.  George  Stake;  1812,  James 
S.  Mitchell,  Peter  Storm.  Jacob  Heckert, 
Adam  Hendricks:  1813,  James  S.  Mitchell, 
Jacob  Heckert,  Archibald  S.  Jordan.  Geo. 
Frysinger;  1814.  Archibald  S.  Jordan,  Peter 
Storm,  Peter  Small,  James  S.  Mitchell; 
1815,  Frederick  Eichelberger,  Peter  Storm, 


John  Livingston,  John  Strohman;  1816, 
Frederick  Eichelberger,  Peter  Storm,  Mich- 
ael Gardner,  John  Livingston;  1817,  Mich- 
ael Gardner,  Frederick  Eichelberger,  Peter 
Storm,  Moses  Rankin;  1818,  Jacob  Doll, 
Peter  Reider,  Robert  Ramsey,  Henry  Lo- 
gan; 1 819,  Jacob  Doll,  Peter  Reider,  Robert 
Ramsey,  Henry  Logan;  1820,  Jonas  Dier- 
dorff,  William  Nes,  John  Livingston,  Peter 
Storm;  1821,  Jonas  Dierdorff,  William  Nes, 
John  Livingston,  Peter  Storm;  1822,  John 
Gardner,  Samuel  Jordan,  William  Diven, 
Christian  Hetrick;  1823,  John  Gardner, 
Samuel  Jordan,  William  Diven,  Christian 
Hetrick;  1824,  Samuel  Jordan,  Christian 
Hetrick,  William  Diven,  John  Kauffelt; 
1825,  Christian  Hetrick,  Simon  Anstine, 
John  Eichelberger,  Michael  Gardner;  1826, 
Christian  Hetrick,  John  Becker,  Peter  Wol- 
ford,  Stephen  T.  Cooper;  1827,  Stephen  T. 
Cooper,  Peter  Wolford,  John  Becker,  Geo. 
Fisher;  1828,  Stephen  T.  Cooper,  Michael 
Doudel,  Thom-as  Metzler,  George  Fisher; 
1829,  Michael  Doudel,  George  Fisher,  An- 
drew McConkey;  1830,  George  Fisher,  An- 
drew McConkey,  John  Rankin,  1831,  An- 
drew Flickinger,  John  R.  Donnel,  John 
Rankin;  1832,  John  Rankin,  John  R.  Don- 
nel, Daniel  Durkee;  1833,  John  R.  Donnel, 
William  McClellan,  Henry  Snyder;  1834, 
William  McClellan,  Henry  Snyder,  Samuel 
Brooks:  1835,  Jacob  Kirk,  Jr.,  Joseph  Gar- 
rettson  and  William  Cowan.  The  last 
named  ("1885)  is  still  living  in  Lower 
Chanceford  at  the  age  of  ninety-five  years. 
1836,-37  IMartin  Shearer,  John  Thompson, 
Samuel  Brooks,  Jr.,  1838,  Martin  Shearer, 
James  Kerr,  George  Dare;  1840,  Jacob 
Stickel,  William  Snodgrass,  Robert  Mc- 
Clellan; 1841,  Isaac  Garrettson,  Adam 
Ebatigh,  John  Mav;  1842,  Adam  Ebaugh, 
Isaac  Garrettson,  William  S.  Picking;  1843, 
Samuel  N.  Bailey,  M.  W.  McKinnon,  Wil- 
liam S.  Picking;  1844,  William  S.  Picking, 
Samuel  N.  Bailey,  Stephen  McKinley;i845, 


156 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Samuel  N.  Bailey,  Stephen  McKinle}',  John 
Kellar;  1846,  James  Starr,  William  Mc- 
Abee,  George  S.  Murphy;  1847,  William 
McAbee,  William  Ross,  Daniel  L.  Gehley; 
184S-49,  George  F.  Carl,  David  F.  Wil- 
liams, Thomas  Grove;  1850-51,  Edwin  C. 
Trone,  Alexander  C.  McCurdy,  Jacob  M. 
Anderson,  Ezekiel  R.  Herbert;  1854,  Jacob 
K.  Sidle,  Vincent  C.  S.  Eckert,  Joseph  Wil- 
son; 1855,  Eli  W.  Free,  William  McCon- 
key,  Daniel  Rutter;  1856-57,  Isaac  Beck, 
Samuel  Manear,  James  Ramsey;  185S-59, 
A.  Heistand  Glatz,  William  W.  Wolf;  1860- 
61,  Frederick  Sultzbaugh,  John  Manifold; 
1862,  J.  Dellone,  James  Ramsay;  1863,  Jos. 
Dellone,  A.  C.  Ramsey;  1864,  Daniel  Reifif, 
John  F.  Spangler;  1865,  John  F.  Spangler, 
James    Cameron;    1S66,   James     Cameron, 

A.  S.  Lawrence;  1867-68,  Levi  Maish,  Ste- 
phen G.  Boyd;  1869-70,  George  R.  Hursh, 

B.  F.  Porter;  1871-72,  Lemuel  Ross,  Frank 
J.  Magee;  1873-74,  George  W.  Fleiges,  D. 
M.  Loucks;  1875-76,  John  B.  Gemmill, 
Emanuel  Myers,  Adam  Stevens,  George 
Anstine;  1877-78,  John  B.  Gemmill,  Adam 
Stevens,  Phihp  S.  Bowman,  George  E. 
Sherwood,  Philip  S.  Bowman,  William 
Campbell  and  John  Wiest;  1881-82,  Wil- 
liam Campbell,  John  Wiest,  Millard  J. 
Blackford,  J.  C.  Deveney;  1883-84,  Millard 
J.  Blackford,  J.  C.  Deveney,  Morris  M. 
Hays,  Williams  B.  Bigler;  1885-86,  M.  J. 
McKinnon,  S.  J.  Barnhart,  J.  P.  Robinson, 
Charles  Williams;  1887-88,  Simon  J.  Barn- 
hart,  I.  C.  Dellone,  E.  C.  Strine,  H.  M. 
Bortner;  1889-90,  L  C.  Dellone,  J.  L.  Shil- 
lito,  M.  J.  McKinnon,  H.  W.  Haines;  1891- 
92,  Harvey  W.  Haines,  John  L.  Shillito, 
David  C.  Eberhart,  Daniel  S.  Dubs;  1893- 
94,  Daniel  S.  Dubs,  H.  W.  Fishel, 
H.  M.  Bortner,  L  R.  Robinson;  1895-96, 
Wm.  H.  Long,  Chrales  A.  Hawkins,  Chas. 
M.  Kerr,  James  C.  Graham;  1897-98,  Chas. 
M.  Kerr,  Wm.  H.  Long,  James  C.  Gra- 
ham, Reuben  R.  Kayler. 


Prothonotaries:  1749,  George  Steven- 
son; 1764,  Samuel  Johnston;  1777,  Arch. 
McLean;  1786,  Henry  Miller;  1794,  John 
Edie;  1800,  C.  W.  Hartley;  1806,  Wm. 
Barber;  1823,  M.  W.  Ash,  1830,  Richard 
Porter;  1833,  J.  W.  Hetrick;  1836,  Benj. 
Lanius;  1839,  W.  Ilgenfritz;  1845,  J-  R- 
Donnell;  185 1,  E.  Garretson;  1854,  Joseph 
Holland;  1857,  H.  G.  Bussey;  1863,  W. 
Ilgenfritz;  1866,  T.  G.  Cross;  1869,  J.  B. 
Ziegler;  1872,  Frank  Geise;  1875,  W.  Y 
Link;  1878,  S.  B.  Heiges;  1881,  W.  H. 
Sitler;  1884,  S.  B.  Hofif;  1887,  Emanuel  S. 
Smith;  1890,  Henry  Boll;  1893,  Benj.  F. 
Frick;  1896,  Andrew  Dellone. 

East  and  West  Indian  Trail.  Over  ilie 
founding  and  history  of  a  great  east  and 
west  Indian  trail  coming  past  Gettysburg 
and  York  from  the  North  Mountain  to  the 
Susquehanna  oblivion  has  settled  such  im- 
penetrable gloom  that  even  tradition  has 
not  dared  to  penetrate  its  depths,  and  only 
imagination  can  vainly  conjecture  the 
swift  march  of  avenging  war  parties  and 
the  fearful  scenes  enacted  around  the  tort- 
ure stake  and  in  the  gaunlet  running.  Be- 
neath the  shadows  of  the  mountain,  in  the 
recesses  of  the  valleys  and  by  the  river 
brink  innumerable  deeds  of  horror  and 
m.assacre  were  done,  and  over  its  route  un- 
numbered warrior  bands  advanced  and 
retreated  during  the  centuries  of  Indian 
occupation. 

Population.  The  population  of  each  of 
the  three  counties  at  each  United  States 
census  from  1790  to  1890  has  been  as  fol- 
lows : 
U.  S.  Cumber- 
Census,  land.  Adams.  York. 
1790  18,243  37,747 
1800  25,386  25,643 
1810  26,757  31,938 
1820  23,606  38,759 
1830  29,226  42,859 
1840           30.953                                   47.010 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


157 


U.  S.  Cumber- 
Census,  land.  Adams.  York. 
1850  34,327  57,450 
i860  40,098  28,006  68,200 
1870  43.912  30,315  76,134 
1880  45,997  32,455  87,841 
1890           47,241            33,486            99,489 

City  of  York.  From  a  forest  village  to 
the  proportions  of  a  Nineteenth  Century 
city  tells  the  story  of  the  growth  of  York 
during  its  one  hundred  and  fifty-six  years 
of  existence.  York  was  laid  out  in  1741, 
incorporated  as  a  borough  September  24, 
1787,  and  chartered  in  1887  as  a 
city.  Old  time  fairs  were  held  from 
1741  to  about  1820,  a  riot  occurred  in  1786 
to  rescue  a  cow  taken  for  tax,  and  its  post- 
office  was  'established  February  16,  1790, 
with  Andrew  Johnston  as  postmaster.  The 
fire  department  dated  back  to  April  3, 
1772,  when  the  Sun  fire  company  was 
formed,  while  the  manufacturing  interests 
of  the  city  commence  with  the  making  of 
copper  stills  by  Maj.  William  Bailey  about 
17^5.'  The  York  gas  company  was  in- 
corporated January  24,  1849,  Prospect  Hill 
cemetery  laid  out  in  1859  and  the  York 
Opera  house  built  in  1882.  The  city  is 
provided  with  good  water  works,  a  well 
equipped  volunteer  fire  department  oper- 
ated on  an  electric  fire  alarm  system,  and 
an  efficient  police  department.  York  has 
a  good  electric  street  railway,  while  two 
electric  plants  furnish  street  and  house 
lighting  and  power  for  manufacturing 
purposes.  The  city  has  good  streets,  and 
drainage  and  a  number  of  building  and 
loan  associations.  York  is  a  city  of  homes 
and  churches,  is  blessed  with  a  good  cli- 
mate, and  has  a  large  number  of  fraternal 
societies. 

We  quote  from  a  late  writer  the  follow- 
ing concerning  the  City  of  York: 

"The  city  of  York  is  situated  in  the  Co- 
dorus    valley,    in    Southern    Pennsylvania, 


and  is  the  county  seat  of  York  county,  one 
of  the  richest  and  most  fertile  agricultural 
counties  in  the  Keystone  State,  and  in  the 
midst  of  a  country  that  affords  good  and 
cheap  living.  It  is  distant  from  Harris- 
burg  twenty-eight  miles,  from  Baltimore 
fifty-seven  miles,  from  Philadelphia  ninety- 
four  miles  and  from  Washington  ninety- 
seven  miles,  and  eleven  miles  from  the  Sus- 
quehanna river,  into  which  the  Codorus 
creek  finds  an  outlet,  and  has  been  made 
navigable  by  a  series  of  slack-water  pools 
and  locks,  completed  by  a  company  in 
1833.  For  many  years  the  Codorus  creek 
has  served  to  turn  the  wheels  of  industry 
and  furnishes  excellent  water  power  for 
the  various  operators  of  milling  and  ma- 
chinery. The  city  of  York  is  surrounded 
by  a  picturesque  and  smiling  landscape. 
The  surrounding  country  is  exceedingly 
fertile  and  the  scenery  is  very  beautiful, 
giving  glimpses  of  mountain  and  valley, 
field  and  forest.  The  business  portion  of 
the  city,  which  contains  many  handsome 
buildings,  as  will  be  seen  by  accompanying 
views,  are  beautifully  laid  out  and  present 
an  attractive  appearance.  The  line  of 
goods  carried  in  the  stores  is  metropolitan, 
as  regards  richness,  style  and  variety.  The 
streets  are  broad  and  lined  on  either  side 
by  umbrageous  trees,  whose  overhanging 
boughs  and  variegated  leaves  shelter  the 
many  pedestrians  from  the  glare  of  the 
summer  sun. 

"Prospect  Hill  Cemetery  is  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  cities  of  the  dead  in  the 
country.  It  lies  on  a  grassy  slope  on  the 
uplands  situated  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
city.  The  surface  is  picturesquely  irregu- 
lar and  studded  here  and  there  with  a  large 
variety  of  beautiful  trees  and  shrubbery. 
Art  has  come  to  the  aid  of  nature  and  'aid 
out  a  system  of  winding  roads  and  paths 
that  bring  to  view  fresh  beauties  at  every 
turn.      Exquisite  and  loving  care  is  visible 


158 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


at  every  point  in  the  neatly  kept  lots,  and 
beautiful  monuments,  from  the  simple 
headstone  or  slab  to  the  more  elaborate 
group  or  pile  surrounded  by  expensive 
statues  of  various  sizes.  There  is  no  lack 
of  costly  monuments  to  the  old  families, 
and  these  stones  seen  through  the  leafy 
vista  make  a  rarely  beautiful  and  impres- 
sive sight. 

"The  Catholics  have  a  beautifully  laid 
out  and  well  kept  cemetery  located  in  an- 
other part  of  the  city. 

"Manufacturing  has  been  the  keynote  of 
York's  rapid  growth,  and  it  is  this  feature 
that  makes  the  future  so  full  of  promise. 
It  is  situated  within  easy  distance  of  the 
great  coal  fields  and  forests  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  its  railroads  lead  to  all  markets. 
It  has  a  contented  working  population  who 
own  their  homes,  and  it  ofifers  unusual  in- 
ducements to  the  manufacturer.  These  are 
described  in  detail  elsewhere.  Fuel  is 
cheap,  water  power  is  used  to  some  extent, 
and  the  facilities  for  bringing  in  the  raw 
material  and  shipping  away  the  finished 
product  are  good.  Chief  among  the  diver- 
sified industries  are  agricultural  imple- 
ments, cigars  and  tobacco,  steam  engines 
and  boilers,  wall  paper,  wire  cloth,  ice  ma- 
chinery, power  transmitting  machinery, 
organs  and  pianos,  water  wheels,  bank 
vaults,  safes  and  locks,  and  confectionery. 
These  give  employment  to  thousands  of 
men  and  women.  Late  statistics  are  not 
compiled,  but  it  is  estimated  there  are  7000 
persons  in  the  industrial  ranks  and  that 
their  yearly  pay  is  a  good  way  beyond  the 
million  mark.  Two  hundred  and  fifty  sales- 
men canvass  the  markets  in  the  interest  of 
the  manufactories,  of  which  there  are  more 
than  two  hundred.  Purchasers  are  found 
in  several  foreign  countries.  It  needs  but 
a  walk  through  the  factory  sections,  where 
are  massive,  towering  mills,  running  up  to 
six  and  seven  stories,  wood-working  fac- 


tories resounding  with  the  shriek  of  saws 
and  planers,  and  on  every  side  evidence  of 
growth  to  convince  one  that  this  is  bound 
to  become  a  great  manufacturing  city. 

"For  the  establishment  and  maintenance 
of  a  great  trade  and  manufacturing  center, 
the  question  of  transportation  is  paramount 
to  all  other  considerations.  York  is  highly 
favored  in  this  respect  by  the  centering 
here  of  several  lines  of  railroads,  among 
which  are  the  Western  Maryland,  York 
Southern,  N.  C.  and  Frederick  Division, 
the  latter  two  being  a  part  of  the  great 
Pennsylvania  system,  one  of  the  greatest 
trans-continental  routes  in  the  United 
States,  and  a  road  that  leads  to  all  markets, 
and  combinedly  they  offer  transportation 
facilities  equal  to  more  favored  localities. 

PROSPECTS  OF  THE  FUTURE. 

"The  location  of  York  is  one  which  ren- 
ders it  impossible  for  any  combination  of 
circumstances  to  arrest  its  growth,  either 
as  a  place  of  business  or  residence.  The 
past  of  York  having  furnished  a  record  of 
continuous  and  sustained  growth  it  is  a  fair 
presumption  that  the  future  will  present 
results  of  proportionate  advance  or  even 
accelerated  expansion.  This  is  an  age  of 
speed,  and  the  industries  of  the  close  of  the 
Nineteenth  Century  are  surrounding  them- 
selves with  forces  and  agencies  as  amazing 
in  their  results  as  those  of  steam  and  elec- 
tricity. Already  the  developments  of  elec- 
trical science  have  given  us  a  re\-olution  in 
methods  of  obtaining  motive  power  which 
bids  fair  to  supplant  all  others.  In  the  util- 
ization of  all  the  resources  which  nature 
has  furnished  or  science  unveiled,  there  is 
every  reason  to  believe  that  York  will  be 
abreast  with  the  most  progressive  cities.  It 
has  no  lack  of  men  with  business  sagacity 
equal  to  the  improvement  of  every  oppor- 
tunity, and  it  is  safe  to  predict  that  the 
historian  of  the  industries  of  the  future  will 
be  able  to  point  back  to  those  of  to-day  as 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


159 


the  auspicious  beginnings  of  a  greater  and 
brighter  destiny." 

Carlisle.  Quiet,  substantial  and  progres- 
sive, is  the  quiet  and  peaceful  borough  of 
Carlisle,  the  seat  of  justice  for  Cumber- 
land county  and  a  great  business  center  of 
the  Cumberland  Valley,  whose  early 
growth  and  present  prosperity  has  resulted 
from  Scotch-Irish  prudence  and  German 
thrift.  Carlisle  is  named  for  that  historic 
Carlisle  in  Cumberland  county,  England, 
which  like  its  new-world  namesake  lies  in 
a  valley  between  lofty  ranges  of  paralleled 
hills.  James  LeTort,  the  French-Swiss, 
settled  on  the  site  of  Carlisle  about  1720. 
A  Colonial  stockade  fort  was  erected  at 
LeTort's  some  time  before  1751,  in  which 
last  named  year  the  town  was  laid  out. 
Carlisle  was  a  prominent  point  in  the 
French  and  Indian  war,  became  well- 
known  during  Revolutionary  times  and  the 
war  of  1812,  and  felt  the  heavy  hand  of  war 
during  Lee's  invasion  of  Pennsylvania. 
Dr.  Crooks  describes  Carlisle  in  1839  as 
follows:  "The  valley  in  the  midst  of  which 
Carlisle  stands  has  often  been  compared  by 
the  imaginative  mind  to  the  happy  vale  of 
Rasselas.  Encircled  lovingly  on  either  side 
by  the  Blue  Mountain  ridge,  and  enveloped 
in  an  atmosphere  of  crystal  clearness,  on 
which  the  play  of  light  and  shade  produce 
every  hour  some  new  and  stirring  effect,  it 
was  in  a  measure  withdrawn  from  the  tu- 
mult of  the  world.  The  tumult  might  he 
heard  in  the  distance,  but  did  not  come 
near  enough  to  disturb  the  calm  of  studious 
pursuits." 

CarHsle  grew  slowly  as  an  agricultural 
center  and  college  town  for  many  years 
and  its  manufacturing  interests  are  of  late 
growth.  It  is  plentifully  supplied  with  pure 
water,  and  gas  for  lighting  was  introduced 
in  1853.  It  has  good  schools,  numerous 
churches  and  fraternal  societies,  and  its 
beautiful  Ashland  cemetery  was  laid  out  :n 


1865.  It  has  extensive  shoe  and  carriage 
factories,  machine  shops  and  car  works. 
Carlisle  is  distinctively  a  place  of  homes,  a 
town  of  handsome  residences  and  a  literary 
center. 

The  population  of  Carlisle  in  1830  was 
3,708,  which  ten  years  later  had  increased 
to  4,350.  In  1880  the  population  of  the 
borough  was  6,209  distributed  in  the  wards 
as  follows:  First,  1,714;  Second,  1,202; 
Third,  1,613;  Fourth,  1,680. 

Major  Andre  was  imprisoned  at  Carlisle 
in  1776,  Washington  came  to  the  town  in 
1794,  and  two  years  later  Louis  Philippe, 
of  France,  passed  through  it  on  his  way  to 
New  Orleans.  "The  borough  of  Carlisle 
is  situated  in  latitude  40  degrees  12  minutes 
north,  longitude  yy  degrees  10  minutes 
west,  18  miles  west  of  Harrisburg,  in  the 
Cumberland  Valley,  bounded  upon  either 
side  by  the  long  ranges  of  the  Blue  or  Kit- 
tatinny  mountains.  The  town  lies  in  the 
midst  of  a  rolling  country,  which  is  both 
beautiful  and  productive.  The  borough  is 
laid  out  into  wide  and  straight  streets,  rec- 
tangular, well  macadamized,  and  with 
many  trees  which  particularly  during  the 
spring  and  summer  months,  add  greatly  to 
the  beauty  of  the  town.  Dickinson  college 
is  a  noted  institution  of  learning,  and  the 
Indian  Industrial  school  seems  to  be  a  suc- 
cessful effort  in  the  attempted  civilization 
of  a  savage  race. 

Gettysburg.  This  town  whose  name  has 
passed  alike  into  the  history  of  the  nation 
and  the  world,  was  founded  in  1780  by 
James  Gettys  and  grew  up  as  the  early  bus- 
iness center  of  the  Marsh  Creek  settlement. 
Twenty  years  later  it  became  the  seat  of 
justice  for  the  newly  established  county  of 
Adams,  and  on  March  10,  1806,  was  in- 
corporated as  a  borough,  with  83  houses. 
In  1807  a  classical  high  school  was  opened 
and  three  years  later  came  the  Gettysburg 
Academy,  while  the  Theological  Seminary 


i6o 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


was  established  in  1826,  and  Pennsylvania 
College  was  founded  in  1832,  thus  making 
the  town  at  an  early  day  a  religious  and 
literary  center.  Fire  companies  were  or- 
dered as  early  as  1808,  and  the  first  engine 
house  was  built  in  the  following  year.  The 
first  water  works  was  secured  by  Thad- 
deus  Stevens,  and  now  a  large  reservoir  is 
kept  filled  from  an  inexhaustible  lake  of 
pure  water  having  a  70  foot  granite  roof. 
Gettysburg  has  good  banking  and  railroad 
facilities,  and  the  great  battle  field  and  sol- 
dier's cemetery  has  made  it  a  famous  na- 
tional resort.  The  town  is  well  supplied 
with  schools  and  churches  and  fraternal  so- 
cieties. The  population  of  Gettysburg  in 
i88o  was  2,814. 

Boroughs.  Commencing  with  Cumber- 
land county  we  find  that  Shippensburg  was 
settled  by  12  families  in  June,  1730,  but 
not  laid  out  until  I740,and  is  second  in  order 
of  age  of  the  towns  in  Pennsylvania  west 
of  the  Susquehanna.  Its  founder,  Edward 
Shippen,  was  the  grandfather  of  Benedict 
Arnold's  wife,  and  in  1750  the  first  court 
of  justice  for  Cumberland  county  convened 
in  it.  The  early  growth  of  Shippensburg 
was  slow  on  account  of  Indian  depreda- 
tions. It  was  a  fort  town,  is  the  oldest 
town  in  the  valley,  but  was  not  incorpor- 
rated  till  January,  1819.  In  1810  it  had 
1,410  population;  in  1840,  1,473;  and  in 
1880,  2,213.  Shippensburg  has  improved 
greatly  since  1880.  It  became  a  post  town 
in  1790,  has  excellent  schools  and  numer- 
ous churches  and  is  the  seat  of  the  Seventh 
State  Normal  school  of  Pennsylvania,  while 
it  has  two  papers  and  a  number  of  societies 
and  enjoys  good  railroad  facilities. 

Mechanicsburg,  the  second  town  in  pop- 
ulation and  importance  of  Cumberland 
county,  was  laid  out  in  1820  and  incorpor- 
ated April  28,  1828,  being  formerly  known 
as  Drytown  and  Stoufferstown.  Its  popula- 
tion in  1830  was  554,  and  in  1881  was  3018. 


Mechanicsburg  is  a  manufacturing  and 
agricultural  center  with  water  and  gas 
works,  and  churches,  schools  and  banking 
and  railroad  facilities. 

Shiremanstown,  twelve  miles  east  of  Car- 
lisle, derives  its  name  from  Daniel  Shire- 
man,  had  its  first  house  in  1814,  and  was 
incorporated  60  years  later.  Its  population 
in  1880  was  404,  and  it  is  a  prosperous 
railroad  town. 

Camp  Hill  is  two  miles  west  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna river,  was  known  until  1867  as 
White  Hall  and  became  a  borough  in  1885, 
The  White  Hall  Soldier's  Orphan  school  is 
at  this  place  whose  population  in  1880  was 
467. 

Newburg  is  between  Carlisle  and  Rox- 
burg,  was  laid  out  in  1819,  organized  as  a 
borough  in  1861,  and  in  1880  had  a  popu- 
lation of  433. 

New  Cumberland,  originally  known  as 
Haldeman's  town,  is  on  the  site  of  a  Shaw- 
nee village  and  on  the  west  bank  of  the 
Susquehanna  river  at  the  mouth  of  Yellow 
Breeches  creek.  It  was  laid  out  in  1814  and 
incorporated  in  1831.  New  Cumberland 
was  an  early  grain,  iron  and  lumber  center, 
and  Governor  Geary  made  it  his  residence 
for  a  number  of  years.  It  is  a  prosperous 
town,  and  its  population  in  1880  was  569. 

Newville,  founded  during  the  colonial 
days,  and  laid  out  in  1794,  is  12  miles  west- 
ward of  Carlisle,  and  was  incorporated  Feb- 
ruary 26,  1817.  It  is  a  flourishing  railroad 
borough,  having  a  population  of  1547  in 
1880.  It  was  the  home  for  many  years  of 
Wm.  Denning,  who  made  the  first  wrought 
iron  cannon  in  America.  It  has  a  fire  de- 
partment, newspaper  and  bank,  with  sever- 
al churches  and  societies. 

Mt.  Holly  Springs  is  at  the  entrance  to 
Holly  gap  and  almost  within  the  shadow  of 
the  South  Mountain,  deriving  its  name 
from  the  gap  and  comprising  what  was 
known    formerly    as    Upper    and    Lower 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


i6i 


Holly,  Kiderminster  and  Papertown.  Iron 
works  were  built  here  as  early  as  1785,  and 
the  new  founded  village  and  afterwards 
rapidly  growing  town  became  quite  an  iron 
and  paper  manufacturing  center.  During 
Lee's  invasion  in  1863  over  40,000  men 
passed  through  Mt.  Holly.  The  town  was 
incorporated  in  1873,  and  is  thriving  and 
prosperous,  having  paper  factories,  a  news- 
paper, churches  and  schools  and  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  streets  in  the  State.  Popu- 
lation in  1880,  1,256. 

In  Adams  county  the  boroughs  are  not 
as  large  or  as  numerous  as  in  Cumberland 
and  York  counties. 

Abbottstown  dates  back  to  1773  for  its 
first  settlement,  was  laid  out  in  1755  by 
John  Abbott,  and  incorporated  in  1835 
under  the  name  of  Berwick.  It  is  a  rail- 
road town  and  in  1880  had  368  population. 
The  name  of  the  borough  was  changed  be- 
tween 1880  and  1886  from  Berwick  to  that 
of  Abbottstown. 

McSherrytown,  named  for  Patrick  Mc- 
Sherry,  was  laid  out  November  14,  and  in- 
corporated in  1882.  It  has  macadamized 
streets,  a  building  and  loan  association, 
pubHc  and  parochial  schools,  the  latter  held 
partly  in  the  old  convent  buildings  and 
under  charge  of  the  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph. 

Littlestown,  on  the  "Dutch  plateau"  was 
laid  out  in  1765  and  incorporated  in  1864. 
It  was  originally  known  as  Kleina  Stedtte, 
then  as  Petersburg  and  finally  became  Lit- 
tlestown. The  place  is  thoroughly  mod- 
ernized, and  has  its  complement  of 
churches  and  schools.  The  population  in 
1890  was  991. 

East  Berlin,  in  the  northeastern  part  of 
Hamilton  township,  was  laid  out  May  8, 
1764,  and  incorporated  in  1879.  It  has 
been  prosperous  and  in  1890  had  595  pop- 
ulation. 

York  Springs,  on  Latimore  creek,  was 
laid  out  in  1800  under  the  name  of  Peters- 


burg for  Peter  Thick  the  first  settler  and 
merchant,  and  incorporated  in  1868  as 
York  Springs,  receiving  the  latter  name  on 
account  of  its  sulphur  springs.  Its  popula- 
tion in  1890  was  340. 

New  Oxford  was  laid  out  in  1792  as  Ox- 
ford Town,  and  incorporated  August  1874 
as  New  Oxford.  It  is  a  railroad  town,  was 
the  seat  of  New  Oxford  medical  college 
during  its  existence  and  has  a  very  fine 
cemetery.  It  had  585  population  in  1890 
and  is  a  prosperous  town. 

York  county  contains  the  largest  number 
of  boroughs  of  any  county  in  the  Nine- 
teenth Congressional  district. 

Hanover,  one  of  the  most  important 
towns  and  business  centers  of  Southern 
Pennsylvania,  was  laid  out  in  1763  or  1764 
by  Richard  McAllister.  The  name  was 
given  in  honor  of  Hanover,  Germany,  at  the 
suggestion  of  Michael  Tanner,  a  native  of 
that  German  duchy.  Hanover  was  not  in- 
corporated until  181 5  and  has  had  an  event- 
ful history.  The  postofifice  was  established 
in  1794,  the  first  bank  was  chartered  in 
1835,  and  the  first  industry  of  importance 
was  wagon-making.  Numerous  industries 
are  now  carried  on  at  Hanover.  The  fire 
department  traces  its  existence  back  as  far 
as  1780,  gas  was  introduced  in  1870,  and 
two  years  later  a  water  company  was  organ- 
ized, while  old  time  fairs  were  kept  up  for 
many  years.  Hanover  has  excellent  rail- 
road facilities  which  it  utilizes  for  many 
present  purposes.  Its  schools  and  churches 
are  numerous  and  flourishing,  while  many 
facilities  exist  for  future  prosperity.  The 
population  in  1890  was  3,746. 

Entomology.  Rev.  Frederick  V.  Mel- 
sheimer  and  his  sons.  Rev.  John  F.  and 
Dr.  Ernst  F.,  of  York  county,  have  been 
called  the  "Fathers  of  American  entomo- 
logy." Rev.  F.  V.  Melsheimer  in  1806, 
published  the  well  known  catalogue  of  In- 
sects of  Pennsylvania.     It  was  a  work  of 


l62  BlOGR.\PHICAL  AND  PORTRAIT  CYCLOPEDIA. 

60   pages    and   classified    1363    species    of  Rev.  D.  Ziegler,  of  York  borough,  was 

beetles.    The  Melsheimer  collection  of  ento-  an  eminent  entomologist  and  his  collection 

mological  specimens  was  bought  by  Louis  was  also  bought  by  Agassiz  and  is  now  in 

Agassiz  and  is  now  in  the  museum  of  Har-  the  Harvard  College  Museum.  The  Ziegler 

vard  College.     It  contains    5,302    species,  collection  consists  of  5,302  species  of  in- 

14,774    specimens,    and  was  sold  for  $250.  sects  with  11,837  specimens. 


w 


NECROLOGICAL 


BIOGRAPHIES 


NECROLOGICAL  BIOGRAPHIES. 


HON  JEREMIAH  S.  BLACK.  Jere- 
miah S.  Black  was  born  in  Somer- 
set County,  Penn.,  January  lo,  1810,  and 
received  the  usual  education  in  the  schools 
of  the  neighborhood  of  his  home.  His 
father,  Henry  Black,  was  for  twenty  years 
an  associate  judge  of  that  county,  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  and  a 
representative  in  Congress.  His  mother 
was  born  in  York  County,  and  was  a 
daughter  of  Patrick  Sullivan,  who  came  to 
this  country  about  the  year  1790;  was  a 
captain  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  was 
married  in  York  County,  whence  he  re- 
moved to  Somerset.  The  future  chief  jus- 
tice and  statesman  very  early  evinced  a 
predilection  for  the  higher  order  of  litera- 
ture and  classics,  and  such  studies  prepared 
him  for  the  exercise  of  that  forcible 
rhetoric  so  eminent  a  characteristic  of  his 
subsequent  literary  and  forensic  disputa- 
tions. He  studied  law  with  Chauncey 
Forward,  Esq.,  of  Somerset,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  before  he  was  of  age. 
When  Mr.  Forward  was  elected  to  Con- 
gress his  business  was  intrusted  to  Mr. 
Black,  who  was  soon  after  appointed  deputy 
attorney  general  for  Somerset  county. 

In  1842,  at  the  age  of  thirty-two  years,  he 
was  appointed  by  Gov.  Porter,  president 
judge  of  the  Sixteenth  Judicial  District  of 
Pennsylvania,  succeeding  the  Hon.  Alex- 
ander Thompson.  He  very  soon  attained 
distinction  as  a  judge,  and  became  known 
throughout  the  Commonwealth  as  one  of 
its  judicial  lights.    The  law  was  then,  as  it 


were,  in  a  transition  state  in  many  of  its 
features,  and  the  symptoms  of  those  inno- 
vations which  subsequently  occasioned  al- 
most acrimonious  controversy  on  the  elec- 
tive supreme  bench,  had  begun  to  manifest 
themselves.  In  1851,  under  the  judiciary 
amendments  to  the  constitution,  he  was 
made  one  of  the  candidates  by  the  Demo- 
cratic Convention  for  the  Supreme  Bench, 
together  with  John  B.  Gibson,  then  Chief 
Justice;  Ellis  Lewis,  then  President  of  the 
Lancaster  District;  Walter  H.  Lawrie,  of 
the  district  court  of  Pittsburgh,  and  James 
Campbell,  late  of  the  common  pleas  of 
Philadelphia.  At  the  election  he  received 
the  highest  popular  vote.  On  the  opposite 
ticket  were  such  men  as  William  M.  Mere- 
dith and  Joshua  Comley  and  Richard  Coul- 
ter, the  last-named  being  elected. 

Judge  Black  became  chief  justice  by  lot, 
drawing  the  shortest  term.  In  1854,  his 
term  having  expired,  he  was  re-elected  to 
the  supreme  bench  over  Hon.  Daniel  M. 
Smyser  and  Hon.  Thomas  H.  Baird  by  a 
very  large  plurality  vote.  His  judicial  ca- 
reer, though  brief,  was  distingushed;  his 
decisions,  contained  in  the  State  reports 
from  Fourth  Harris  to  Fifth  Casey,  are 
cited  as  emphatic  expositions  of  the  law; and 
when  he  was  obliged  to  dissent  from  the 
majority  of  the  court,  his  opinions  contain- 
ed unquestionable  law  at  the  time.  His  loy- 
alty to  his  great  predecessor  in  the  chief 
justiceship,  as  well  as  his  own  firm  convic- 
tions regarding  what  were  then  acknowl- 
edged landmarks  of  the  law,  held  them  to- 


1 66 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


gether  against  what  they  conceived  to  be 
innovations;  and  this  position  was  main- 
tained by  him  after  his  lamented  and  re- 
nowned colleague,  Judge  Gibson,  was  re- 
moved from  the  bench  by  death.  These 
evolutions,  however,  take  place  in  law,  as 
well  as  in  other  human  afifairs;  and  the 
body  of  our  jurisprudence  received  a  deep 
impress  from  his  terse  and  vigorous  style, 
the  clearness  and  logical  force  of  his  rea- 
soning, almost  formulating  a  code  on  many 
subjects  discussed  by  him. 

Shortly  after  the  4th  of  March,  1857, 
while  upon  the  supreme  bench.  President 
Buchanan  appointed  him  Attorney-General 
of  the  United  States.  In  this  position,  upon 
which  he  entered  with  no  other  experience 
as  a  lawyer  than  the  practice  of  Pennsyl- 
vania law  affords,  and  no  political  experi- 
ence other  than  may  be  gained  by  any  citi- 
zen, he  acquired  distinction.  In  law,  the 
great  cases  of  the  California  land  grants,  in- 
volving in  extent  over  19,000  square  miles, 
including  a  large  part  of  San  Francisco,tlie 
whole  of  Sacramento  and  other  cities,  and 
in  money  $150,000,000,  called  into  exercise 
not  only  the  legal  ability,  but  the  profes- 
sional skill  of  the  Attorney  General,  result- 
ing in  a  great  triumph  of  justice  over  a 
most  stupendous  fraud.  This  laid  the  foun- 
dation as  a  lawyer,  and  secured  that  mar- 
velous success  that  attended  his  subsequent 
professional  career. 

In  statesmanship,  during  that  trying  per- 
iod of  our  country's  history,  there  devolved 
upon  him  the  most  onerous  duties. 
He  was  the  principal  adviser  of  the  Presi- 
dent, who  was  a  man  of  high  intellectual 
abihty,  but  who,  on  account  of  the  warring 
elements  of  his  cabinet,  was  compelled  to 
lean  his  arm  upon  his  Attorney  General  for 
support.  Upon  the  resignation  of  Gen. 
Cass,  Mr.  Buchanan  appointed  Judge  Black 
Secretary  of  State.  The  events  of  the  clos- 
ing months  of  that  administration  are  me- 


morable, and  the  action  of  the  cabinet  has 
been  but  recently  revealed.  The  course  of 
Judge  Black  has  been  vindicated  by  the 
documents  prepared  under  his  own  hand 
or  supervision,  and  the  legal  and  constitu- 
tional status  of  the  government  and  its  pow- 
ers, in  case  of  secession  as  then  expovmded, 
and  the  wisdom  of  the  determination  of  the 
many  intricate  questions  arising  in  that 
crisis,  have  been  sustained  in  the  light  of 
subsequent  events. 

During  the  earlier  portion  of  that  admin- 
istration, the  great  struggle  between  the 
North  and  the  South  for  the  occupation  of 
the  territories  under  existing  institutions 
culminated.  The  Lecompton  constitution 
and  other  troublesome  matters  raised  issues 
that  severed  the  dominant  party.  The  great 
champion  of  territorial  rights,  Stephen  A. 
Douglas,  had  announced  doctrines  on  be- 
half of  the  party  which  the  attorney-general 
entering  the  arena,  showed  to  be  unsound. 
It  was  in  that  controversy  that  Judge  Black 
first  attracted  the  attention  of  the  people  of 
the  United  States  to  that  keen  power  of 
logic  and  force  of  rhetoric  which  have  made 
him  so  famous  in  polemics. 

At  the  close  of  Mr.  Buchanan's  adminis- 
tration Judge  Black  was  nominated  for  the 
supreme  bench  of  the  United  States,  but, 
in  that  crisis,  and  in  the  midst  of  the  poli- 
tical excitement  thereby  occasioned,  it  was 
not  acted  upon.  He  was  subsequently  ap- 
pointed reporter  of  the  supreme  courts,  and 
published  two  volumes:  First  and  Second 
Black. 

At  the  close  of  Mr.  Buchanan's  adminis- 
tration he  became  a  resident  of  York,  and 
participated  in  the  trial  of  some  local 
causes. 

The  career  of  Judge  Black  after  his  re- 
tirement from  public  life  was  unexampled 
in  the  line  of  professional  success  as  a  law- 
yer. His  name  is  associated  with  greater 
cases    and   larger   fees    than    that   of    any 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


167 


American  lawyer  who  preceded  him,  in  the 
highest  tribunal  of  the  land  or  in  local 
courts.  The  war  gave  rise  to  a  class  of 
cases  which,  strange  to  say,  involved  the 
fundamental  principles  of  liberty,  the  strug- 
gles for  which  had  been  handed  down  to  us 
from  a  past  age,  and  which,  it  was  presurri- 
ed,  had  been  settled  a  century  before.  The 
cases  of  citizens  of  the  republic,  Blyew,  Mc- 
Ardle  and  Milligan,  have  made  the  state 
trials  of  the  United  States  of  America  more 
illustrious  than  those  of  Great  Britain,  for 
they  arrested  in  this  land  the  encroachment 
of  a  government,  Republican  in  form,  upon 
the  absolute  rights  of  individuals,  when  the 
excitement  of  the  hour  seemed  to  obscure 
the  better  judgment  of  those  in  power.  They 
established  the  judiciary  as  truly  the  bul- 
wark of  liberty. 

The  case  of  Blyew  arose  under  the  Civil 
Rights'  Bill.  The  defendant  had  been  sen- 
tenced to  death  by  a  Federal  court  in  the 
State  of  Kentucky,  but  the  prisoner,  for 
whom  Judge  Black  appeared,  was  released 
by  the  supreme  court.  The  case  of  Mc- 
Ardle  arose  under  the  Reconstruction  acts. 
The  defendant  was  held  under  a  conviction 
by  a  military  commission, and  under  the  ar- 
gument of  Judge  Black  would  have  been  re- 
leased had  not  Congress  invalidated  the  jur- 
isdiction of  the  supreme  court.  The  prisoner 
was  then  released  by  the  government.  The 
case  of  Milligan  was  a  trial  and  conviction 
before  a  military  commission.  He,  too,  was 
under  sentence  of  death,  approved  by  the 
president  of  the  United  States.  The  case 
came  before  the  supreme  court  on  a  writ  of 
habeas  corpus.  The  argument  of  Judge 
Black,  in  this  last  mentioned  case,  is 
one  of  the  most  memorable  of  forensic  ef- 
forts before  any  tribunal.  The  case  is  among 
the  most  celebrated  of  State  trials,  and  its 
result,  the  discharge  of  the  prisoner,  main- 
tained inviolate  the  constitution  of  the 
United  States. 


In  1876,  the  year  that  completed  the  cen- 
tenary of  American  independence,  a  presi- 
dential election  took  place,  the  contest  over 
the  result  of  which  shook  the  pillars  of  our 
electoral  system.  By  an  electoral  commis- 
sion, mutually  agreed  upon  by  the  contest 
ants,  the  question  of  the  result  in  the  several 
disputed  States  was  determined  by  a  ma- 
jority of  the  commission  according  to  their 
political  predilections.  Judge  Black,  as 
one  of  the  counsel  for  Mr.  Tilden,  contend- 
ed with  great  force  against  the  fraudulent 
returns  which  were  counted.  His  effort  in 
the  South  Carolina  case  is  a  masterpiece  of 
bold  invective. 

Judge  Black  occupied  no  official  position 
after  leaving  the  cabinet,  except  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  constitutional  convention  of 
Pennsylvania,  1872-3,  as  a  delegate  at  large. 
His  appearance  in  that  body  attracted  the 
marked  attention  of  his  fellow  members,  as 
did  also  every  word  he  uttered  there,  not 
only  in  debate  but  in  ordinary  conversation. 
Though  he  participated  but  little  in  its  pub- 
lic discussions,  he  largely  influenced  the  ac- 
tion of  the  convention  on  many  important 
subjects,  notably  those  upon  the  restric- 
tions of  railroad  corporations  and  upon 
legislative  jobbery.  Afterward  he  took 
the  part  of  the  people  before  the  ju- 
diciary committees  of  the  legislature 
against  monopolies,  as  manifested  in  the 
combinations  in  defiance  of  the  new  consti- 
tution, and  contended  for  the  power  of  the 
general  assembly  to  check  their  rapacity. 
In  the  matter  of  legislative  jobbery,  the  of- 
fense of  private  solicitation  under  which 
the  conviction  of  prominent  lobbyists  has 
been  secured,  was  owing  to  him,  as  well 
as  in  a  great  degree  the  limits  put  upon  the 
legislative  power. 

Judge  Black  acquired  fame  as  a  contro- 
versialist on  many  subjects  connected  with 
his  own  political  experience  on  questions  of 
political  reform  and  the  redress  of  wrongs. 


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Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


He  also  entered  the  arena  in  defense  of 
Christianity,  with  a  force  of  logic  that  the 
champion  of  the  attack  has  not  been  able 
to  answer. 

His  colloquial  powers  were  of  the  highest 
order.  It  has  been  regretted  that  there  has 
been  no  Boswell  to  transcribe  his  many 
wise  and  witty  sayings,  the  strength  and 
drollery  of  his  observations,  his  readiness 
of  forensic  repartee,  nay,  his  deep  philoso- 
phy. The  table-talk  of  many  of  the  literati, 
such  as  Coleridge,  for  instance,  has  been 
given  to  the  world,  and  the  coteries  of 
France,  where  the  great  Franklin  appeared 
with  his  practical  wisdom,  have  been  cele- 
brated by  historians.  Are  there  not  many 
observations  of  our  own  savant  that  may  yet 
be  profitably  gathered  for  publication? 

Judge  Black  enjoyed  the  powers  of  his 
intellect  to  the  last.  He  seemed  to  be  in  the 
enjoyment  of  sound  health  when  stricken 
by  the  hand  of  death  at  his  beautiful  home, 
"Brockie,"  near  York.  He  died,  August 
19,  1883.  His  high  character,  his  open 
heartedness  and  wealth  of  intellectual  re- 
sources have  made  his  memory  sacred 
among  the  people  of  his  adopted  home,  the 
fame  of  which  has  been  eniianced  by  his 
presence. 

JAMES  WILLIAMSON  BOSLER.* 
How  shall  I  attempt  to  give,  even  in 
rudest  outline,  the  true  sketch  of  a  hu- 
man life?  Even  the  best  biography  gives  but 
a  distorted  skeleton,  without  flesh  and 
blood.  Johnson  is  embalmed  in  Boswell, 
but  how  much  of  Johnson,  even  in  this 
completest  of  all  human  biographies,  has 
escaped?  We  know  each  other  but  imper- 
fectly while  we  live  and  measure  others 
with  imperfect  and  partial  standards  when 
they  have  departed.  For,  after  all,  we  but 
give  the  faint  outlines  of  the  picture  as  it 
is  reflected  in  ourselves. 


*  Contributed  by  Bennett  Bellman,  Esq. 


To  write  such  a  sketch  of  the  life  of  Mr. 
Bosler  we  shall  not  attempt,  save  in  so  far 
as  the  few  facts  and  suggestions  gathered 
serve  to  give  some  glimpse,  as  it  were,  of 
a  strong  and  kindly  personality  that  has 
gone  from  among  us;  to  attempt  to  do 
more  than  this  would  be  presumptuous,  for, 
as  Emerson  has  said  of  thought,  human 
souls  "will  not  sit  for  their  portraits." 

I  was  too  young  and  my  personal  ac- 
quaintance with  Mr.  Bosler  too  slight  to 
gather  more  from  my  own  knowledge  than 
the  strong  impression  of  his  kindly  per- 
sonality, and  I  think  but  few,  even  of  those 
in  our  own  community  who  were  his 
closest  personal  friends,  knew  him  for  the 
man  he  really  was.  They  knew  his  genial 
comradeship,  his  charming  bon  hommie, 
his  kindly  hospitality,  his  modest  and 
unassuming  manner  without  pretension  to 
seem  other  than  just  what  he  was;  a  smaller 
circle  knew  his  generosity  of  heart;  all 
knew  of  his  large  business  tact  and  far 
seeing  judgment — his  pecuniary  success  in 
life, — but  few  knew,  or  now  know  his  wide 
acquaintance  in  later  life  with  the  most 
prominent  public  men  of  the  day  and  his 
large  influence  in  helping  to  mould  the 
"passing  destiny"  of  the  State  and  of  the 
Republic.  The  prophet  hath  honor  save 
in  his  own  country  and  the  real  influence 
of  a  man  is  known  only  after  he  is  dead. 

Such  has  been  the  case  with  the  subject 
of  this  memoir.  His  predominant  trait,  as 
known  to  his  casual  acquaintances  and  to 
his  fellow  townsmen,  was  his  modest,  his 
sunshiny  geniality,  his  unassuming  kindli- 
ness and  generosity.  He  was  the  kind  of 
a  man  who  would  do  anything  for  a  friend 
and  who  seemed  to  have  no  enemy.  Wealth 
and  success  may  conceal  this  where  enmity 
may  wear  a  mask,  but  in  this  case  there 
was  no  enmity  to  be  concealed.  The  man 
in  this  world  who  meets  with  masks  must 
wear  one,  and  he  wore  none.       In  dress 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


he  was  neat  and  unostentatious  as  in  man- 
ner, and  in  manner  he  was  the  same  to  the 
laborer  and  to  the  millionaire.  Success 
did  not  bring  him  envy  or  make  him  proud 
and  the  influence  which  his  wealth,  his 
practical  intelligence  and  large  knowledge 
of  business  and  of  men  gave  to  him  to 
wield,  he  used  in  a  wider  sphere  than  that 
of  which  he  ever  spoke  save  to  his  closest 
friends — nor  did  the  general  public  know. 
His  correspondence,  to  which  we  have  had 
access,  reveals  it,  and  of  this  we  dare  use 
but  a  fragmentary  portion. 

James  Williamson  Bosler,  deceased,  was 
of  German  lineage.  He  was  born  upon 
the  homestead  farm,  in  Silver's  Spring 
township,  Cumberland  county.  Pa.,  April 
4th,  1833.  He  was  the  third  son  of  Abram 
and  Eliza  (Herman)  Bosler,  and  was  de- 
scended upon  the  paternal  side  by  the 
fourth  generation  from  Jacob  Bosler,  who 
settled  in  Donegal  township,  Lancaster 
county,  Pa.  His  descendant,  John  Bosler, 
(the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this 
memoir)  married  Catharine  Gish,  of  Lan- 
caster county,  after  which  he  removed  to 
Silver's  Spring  township,  Cumberland 
county,  in  1791,  and  there  purchased  the 
homestead  where  our  subject  was  born. 
Abram  Bosler,  the  father  of  James  W. 
Bosler,  was  the  youngest  child  of  John  and 
Catharine  (Gish)  Bosler.  He  married, 
February  20th,  1830,  Eliza  Herman,  of 
Silver's  Spring  township,  a  daughter  of 
Martin  and  Elizabeth  (Bowers)  Herman, 
the  former  of  whom  was  descended  from 
Martin  Herman  who  emigrated  from  Ger- 
many in  1754  and  settled  in  Silver's  Spring 
township  in  1771.  Their  son.  Christian, 
born  in  Lancaster  county  in  1 761,  was  a 
soldier  in  the  Revolution,  fought  under 
Washington  at  Germantown,  passed 
through  the  trials  and  sufferings  at  Valley 
Forge,  and  was  present  at  the  seige  of 
Yorktown    and    the    surrender    of    Lord 


Cornwallis.  He  was,  upon  the  maternal 
side,  the  grandfather  of  our  subject.  He 
married  Elizabeth  Bowers,  of  York 
county,  Pa.,  in  1793,  and  their  daughter, 
Eliza,  married  Abram  Bosler,  the  father  of 
our  subject,  as  above  mentioned.  Abram 
Bosler  died  at  his  residence  in  Carlisle  (to 
which  place  he  had  removed  in  1871)  De- 
cember 31st,  1883,  in  the  seventy-eighth 
year  of  his  age.  He  was  a  prominent 
farmer  and  merchant,  and  had  been  en- 
gaged in  the  milHng  and  distilling  business 
for  many  years.  He  was  a  life  long  mem- 
ber of  the  Presbyterian  church,  first  at  Sil- 
ver's Spring  and  subsequently  of  the  Sec- 
ond Presbyterian  church,  at  Carlisle,  as 
was  also  his  wife.  Their  eight  children,  all 
born  in  Silver's  Spring  township,  were:  J. 
Herman,  James  W.,  Benjamin  C,  Joseph, 
Elizabeth  Bowers,  Mary  Catharine,  George 
Morris  and  Charles,  who  died  in  infancy. 

James  W.  Bosler  obtained  a  good,  but 
not  a  complete  collegiate  education.  His 
lines  were  not  those  of  the  student  of  books 
but  of  life.  He  knew  less  of  books  than  of 
men.  He  remained  upon  the  homestead 
farm  until  he  entered  Cumberland  Acad- 
emy, at  New  Kingston.  Two  years  later 
he  entered  Dickinson  College,  at  which  in- 
stitution he  remained  during  his  junior 
year.  He  was  possessed  of  only  moderate 
means,  and  after  he  left  college,  in  1852, 
he  taught  school  in  Moultrie,  Columbiana 
county,  Ohio,  during  the  winters  of  1853- 
54.  He  then  went  to  Wheeling,  West 
Virginia,  where  he  read  law  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar.  His  inclinations  led 
him  to  a  business  hfe,  and  at  Wheeling,  W. 
Va.,  he  entered  a  store  and  next  bought 
and  controlled  one  in  the  same  Ohio 
county  where  he  had  taught  school.  In 
1855  his  store  was  destroyed  by  fire  and  he 
determined  to  go  further  west,  which 
movement  was  the  beginning  of  his  re- 
markably successful  business  career.       He 


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Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


made  the  long  journey  to  Sioux  City,  on 
the  frontier  of  Iowa,  where  the  recently  or- 
ganized territories  of  Kansas  and  Ne- 
braska stood  on  the  further  banks  of  the 
Missouri  river,  ready  to  become  the  battle 
ground  of  the  slavery  and  fre€  labor  ques- 
tions. Here  he  formed  a  partnership  in 
the  banking  and  real  estate  business  with 
Charles  E.  Hedges,  and  there  established 
the  "Sioux  City  Bank"  under  the  firm 
name  of  Bosler  &  Hedges,  and  later  en- 
gaged in  the  forwarding  and  contracting 
of  supplies — goods,  grain  and  cattle — for 
the  Interior  and  War  Department  of  the 
Government  from  his  extensive  ranches  on 
the  North  Missouri  river.  The  partner- 
ship was  dissolved  in  1866,  but  Mr.  Bosler 
continued  and  extended  the  business  until 
the  time  of  his  death.  He  was  the  pioneer 
representative  in  this  line  from  Cumber- 
land county.  He  lived  for  half  a  century 
and  built  up  a  fortune  not  only  for  himself, 
but  for  his  family,  for  his  brothers  partici- 
pated in  his  success.  As  this  was  then 
upon  the  frontier  of  civilization  most  of  the 
business  which  came  to  the  bank  was  nat- 
urally connected  with  the  government  op- 
erations. The  Indians  were  close  by, 
many  of  whom  by  treaty  had  to  be  fed  by 
the  government.  Railroads,  in  the  course 
of  time,  led  straight  through  that  country. 
The  raising  of  cattle  on  the  nutritious 
grasses  of  the  plains  was  known  to  this 
man  among  the  earliest.  He  became  a 
strong  and  successful  operator  and  up- 
builder  in  this  new  field  of  energy.  If  he 
was  a  man  who  seemed  to  have  exceptional 
opportunities  it  was  because  he  made  them, 
and  was  the  architect  of  his  own  fortune. 
"He  who  will  not  take  advantage  of  oppor- 
tunities," said  Napoleon,  "may  be  sure  that 
opportunities  will  take  advantage  of  him." 
There  is  luck  in  life,  and  real  or  seeming 
chance,  but  more  than  this  there  is  cool, 
clear  sighted  judgment  and  the  indomita- 


ble will  which  strives  with  circumstances 
and  conquers  fortune. 

During  his  residence  in  Sioux  City  he 
was  an  active  politician;  he  erected  by  con- 
tract the  school  house  and  jail  of  that  city, 
and  was  nominated  for  the  State  Treasurer 
of  Iowa  on  the  Democratic  ticket.  He  was 
elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and  in 
1859  hs  was  sent  as  a  delegate  to  that  polit- 
ical convention  at  Charleston,  South  Caro- 
lina, where  "a  distempered  individual  broke 
down  one  of  the  great  parties  of  the  coun- 
try and  made  the  civil  war  inevitable." 

At  the  brink  of  the  war  he  married  in 
i860,  at  Rose  Balcony,  near  Boiling 
Springs,  Helen  Beltzhoover,  daughter  of 
Michael  G.  and  Mary  (Herman)  Beltz- 
hoover, and  with  her  he  lived  out  the  war 
period  at  Sioux  City.  Having  by  dint  of 
energy  and  business  sagacity  by  this  time 
acquired  a  large  fortune,  he  returned,  in 
1866,  to  his  native  county  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  built  himself  a  beautiful  resi- 
dence in  the  suburbs  of  Carlisle,  where, 
although  still  continuing  his  extensive  bus- 
iness in  the  West,  he  continued  to  reside 
until  his  death.  For  many  years  before 
his  death  he  was  a  warm  personal  friend  of 
Hon.  James  G.  Blaine,  of  Maine,  whose 
ancestors  were  originally  from  Cumberland 
county,  and  he  was  on  intimate  terms  with 
a  large  number  of  the  distinguished  men  of 
the  country.  Among  these  were  such  men 
as  Garfield,  Arthur  and  Brewster.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Republican  National 
Committee  in  the  memorable  campaign  of 
1880,  and  he,  John  Roach,  the  shipbuilder, 
and  Senator  Chaffee,  of  Colorado,  were  ap- 
pointed a  committee  to  take  charge  of  the 
interest  of  ]\Ir.  Blaine  in  his  campaign  for 
the  Presidency  in  the  Chicago  Convention 
of  that  year. 

Says  George  Alfred  Townsend,  better 
known  as  "Gath."  in  speaking  of  Mr.  Bos- 
ler, "His  work  for  his  party,  his  State,  his 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


171 


neighborhood  was  always  that  of  a  leader. 
Without  any  pretention  he  went  to  the 
front  when  an  important  thing  was  to  be 
done,  and  by  his  example  other  men  be- 
came as  generous,  and  to  him  the  election 
of  General  Garfield  was  as  much  due  as  to 
any  man  in  the  United  States.  He  organ- 
ized the  financial  support  of  that  campaign, 
when  it  had  begun  to  droop,  and  he  never 
asked  to  be  named  in  the  matter,  but  on  the 
contrary  compelled  those  who  had  knowl- 
edge of  the  subject  to  omit  reference  to 
him."  Again  in  a  published  article  he 
says:  "Every  time  that  he  (Mr.  Blaine) 
made  a  campaign  for  the  Presidency,  Mr. 
Hosier's  subscription  was  at  the  top,  but 
he  was  not  content  with  giving  money 
alone,  he  made  other  men  give  up  to  his 
measure.  When  Garfield  was  running  for 
President  in  1880  Mr.  Bosler  made  a  list  of 
rich  men  who  should  have  a  sense  of  con- 
sonance with  the  government,  and  he  re- 
fused to  take  from  these  men  any  sub- 
scription less  than  ten  thousand  dollars. 
In  many  cases  these  men  had  business  rela- 
tions with  him,  and  he  said  to  them,  "I 
want  you  on  this  list,  and  it  will  be  a  mat- 
ter of  sacrifice  for  you  as  for  me." 

Although  not  a  member  of  that  conven- 
tion of  1880,  he  was  present  and  was  a 
most  interested  spectator  of  it.  In  a  letter 
written  to  him  by  Hon.  Benjamin  Harris 
Brewster  the  action  of  some  of  the  delegates 
of  that  convention  is  eloquently  compared 
to  the  charge  at  Balaclava — "it  was  grand, 
but  it  was  not  war — it  was  not  politics." 
But  when  the  candidate  was  named  Mr. 
Bosler  gave  his  loyal  adhesion  and  support 
to  Mr.  Garfield  and  became  his  friend. 

"The  Roscoe  Conkling  Republicans," 
says  Townsend,  "made  repeated  efforts 
during  the  Star  Route  investigations  to 
besmirch  Mr.  Bosler.  The  idea  was  that 
if  Mr.  Bosler  could  be  shown  to  have  any 
connection   with   the   Star   Route   matters 


some  slime  would  attach  to  Mr.  Blaine 
himself.  His  only  relation  with  that  ele- 
ment was  a  banker's  relation.  They  had 
within  the  Post  Office  Department  made 
up  their  combination,  but  they  needed 
money  to  buy  their  equipments.  As  it  was 
the  act  of  the  government  through  its  rep- 
resentatives, Mr.  Bosler  loaned  the  money. 
They  were  never  able  to  make  any  mark 
upon  his  character." 

The  most  interesting  of  all  Mr.  Hosier's 
political  correspondence  is  that  between 
himself  and  Hon.  Benjamin  Harris  Brew- 
ster, who  was  one  of  Mr.  Bosler's  closest 
friends,  and  who  frequently  enjoyed  his 
hospitality.  These  letters  were  written  in 
1880  and  1 881;  they  were  often  written  on 
successive  days,  and  they  deal  in  the  most 
unreserved  manner  with  the  characters  of 
many  of  the  most  noted  public  men  of  the 
day,  and  with  the  unpublished  secrets  of 
the  campaign,  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia, 
the  State  and  of  the  Nation. 

The  warm  personal  intimacy  which  ex- 
isted between  Mr.  Blaine  and  Mr.  Bosler 
may  be  judged  by  the  following  beautiful 
tribute  which  was  written  by  Mr.  Blaine 
to  Mrs.  Bosler  several  years  after  his  death. 
He  says:  "As  the  years  go  by  I  realize 
more  and  more  how  great  was  my  own  loss 
in  the  death  of  your  husband,  and  from  that 
I  can  realize  in  some  faint  degree  how  in- 
estimable was  your  affection.  He  was  the 
dearest  and  most  unselfish  of  friends,  and 
I  keep  his  memory  green  in  my  heart." 
Some  have  said  that  Mr.  Blaine  was  cold. 
He  was  present  at  the  funeral  of  Mr.  Bos- 
ler, and  there  was  a  tear  that  glistened  in 
his  eye  as  he  stood  beside  the  silent  form 
of  his  dead  friend. 

Another  wrote:  "He  certainly  was  one 
of  the  grandest  specimens  of  American 
manhood  I  ever  knew,  and  one  whose  loy- 
alty and  devotion  to  friendship  will  never 


172 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


be  forgotten  by  a  single  person  who  ever 
had  the  right  to  cah  him  friend." 

Mr.  Brewster  wrote  to  him:  "For  you 
and  your  labors  and  anxiety  and  generous 
interest  in  my  behalf,  I  can  never — never 
be  too  grateful,  and  I  hope  I  may  get  to  be 
able  to  show  my  gratitude  in  some  practi- 
cal way.  It  has  been  one  of  the  great 
compliments  of  my  life  that  I  have  in  some 
happy  way  attracted  the  esteem  and  jeal- 
ous good  feeling  of  an  earnest,  honest,  able 
and  practical  man  like  yourself." 

Mr.  Brewster  might  well  say  so.  At  the 
time  when  these  letters  were  written  Ben- 
jamin Brewster,  the  erudite,  the  polished, 
the  profound  lawyer  and  gentleman  of  the 
old  school,  had  the  bee  of  office  very  badly 
in  his  bonnet.  He  wanted  the  Senatorship 
and  Mr.  Bosler  aided  him,  but  he  was  de- 
feated; he  wanted  to  be  Postmaster  Gen- 
eral and  was  afraid  that  another  possible 
appointment  would  crowd  him  out;  and 
then — what  at  first  he  feared  was  not  within 
his  reach — he  wanted,  more  and  more,  and 
with  an  ever  increasing  and  pathetic  long- 
ing— to  be  Attorney  General — and  he  got 
it,  and  he  got  it  principally  or  altogether 
through  the  influence  and  efforts  of  his 
friend,  Mr.  James  Bosler.  This  we  know 
is  unwritten  history.  Here  is  some  frag- 
mentary proof: 

We  find  from  these  letters  that  Mr.  Bos- 
ler was  ardent  for  Mr.  Blaine.  Mr.  Brew- 
ster, who  wanted  the  Senatorship,  wished 
Mr.  Bosler  to  reach  Gen'l  Bingham  and 
other  such  Blaine  men  who  could  control 
representatives.  December  28th,  1880,  he 
writes  that  Mr.  Blaine  has  been  offered  the 
Secretaryship  of  State,  and  that  he  will  ac- 
cept it — that  the  intention  was  to  give 
either  the  Attorney  Generalship  or  Post- 
master Generalship  to  Pennsylvania.  '"I 
hope,"  he  says,  "not  the  Postmaster 
Generalship,  as  that  will  rule  me  out  if 
I    fail    in    the    present    enterprise."      He 


writes,  December  29th,  that  four  names 
from  Pennsylvania  are  under  considera- 
tion, viz:  Harmer  for  Postmaster  Gen- 
eral and  for  Attorney  General,  Armstrong. 
McVeagh  and  Brewster.  Then  stating 
some  facts,  he  adds:  "Now  do  you 
keep  that  open  until  after  the  Senatorship 
is  done  for.  D.  Cameron  is  now  with 
Garfield — that  I  know — do  not  have  it 
from  me,  but  it  is  so.  Mr.  Garfield  may 
slip  into  some  promise  with  him  now.  That 
should  not  be,  and  you  can  prevent  that. 
Mr.  Blaine  can  prevent  that — do  so! 
Should  the  Senatorship  be  a  failure  then 
the  Attorney  Generalship  will  be  open, 
etc.,  etc.  Verily  you  are  a  man  of  deeds. 
To-day's  Times  (McClure's)  contains  just 
such  a  letter  from  Washington  as  you  said 
you  would  have  written.  Thanks!"  On 
January  2nd,  1881,  he  says:  "If  the  com- 
mission for  a  Senatorship  and  for  the  At- 
torney Generalship  laid  side  by  side  on  my 
table  now,  I  would  be  puzzled  which  to 
pick  up.  The  Attorney  Generalship  has 
such  temptations  for  a  lawyer,  and  I  feel  I 
would  not  like  the  contention  of  Senatorial 
life."  January  4th,  1881,  he  writes:  "I 
have  no  friend  I  trust  more  fully  than  I  do 
you.  Your  generous  ofifer  to  help  me  and 
your  constant  current  of  unbroken  useful- 
ness have  prompted  me  to  impose  too 
much  on  you.  Your  wisdom  and  knowl- 
edge of  men  will  guide  you."*  *  *  At  bot- 
tom I  fear  it  is  any  one  but  Brewster.  It 
looks  so.  Do  you  keep  watch  on  this.  I 
may  be  mistaken  *  *  *  but  I  put  great 
faith  in  your  ability  to  collect  unexpected 
strength  for  me  from  the  Grow  and  other 
sources  outside  of  all  that  combination 
which  has  been  professing  to  help  my  pro- 
motion. January  17th,  1 881:  "You  gave 
me  great  and  comforting  consolation  on  ac- 
count of  your  talk  with  Mr.  Blaine.  *  *  * 
We  should  see  each  other.  That  is  all 
that  Mr.  Garfield  and  Mr.  Blaine  want  as 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


173 


evidence  of  the  real  state  of  things.  Let 
us  shape  ourselves  for  the  cordial  support 
of  this  administration  and  the  restoration 
of  honest  party  rule  obeying  public  opinion 
in  the  State."  January  22d,  1881 :  "If  you 
have  that  proposed  talk  with  Mr.  Blaine 
and  can  present  the  subject  of  the  Attorney 
Generalship  as  you  proposed  to  do,  it  will 
gratify  me  more  than  all  of  the  Senator- 
ships  that  can  be  proposed.  You  may  make 
that  a  success — indeed  I  think  you  can  and 
will,  for  Pennsylvania  must  and  ought  to  be 
remembered."  Feb.  9th,  '81,  he  writes: 
''Each  day  developes  the  wisdom  of  your 
line  of  action  and  I  am  happy  that  I  have 
conformed  to  it.  If  I  am  chosen  I  will  owe 
it  to  your  prudent  advise.  *  *  I  write  to 
you  for  I  must  talk  to  some  one  on  this 
subject  and  keep  silent  to  the  rest  of  the 
world.  I  would  by  far  rather  be  Attorney 
General.  It  would  just  suit  my  turn  of 
mind  and  be  the  crowning  of  my  career  as 
a  lawyer."  Later  (i8th  of  February,  1S81) 
he  reiterates:  "For  my  part  I  would — yes, 
by  far,  be  the  Attorney  General.  That  is  the 
place  to  rule  in.  Urge  that,  urge  that,  and 
we  will  win.  *  *  J  never  can  repay  you 
for  your  anxiety  and  your  efforts.  I  fear 
that  as  the  city  is  late  and  the  time  short 
that  my  chance  is  short  too.  I  hope  not, 
for  by  all  the  gods  at  once  I  would  rathei 
have  that  than  to  be  President  or  Senator." 
In  May  he  says,  "I  think  it  is  very  import- 
ant that  we  should  see  each  other.  I  wish 
we  may  act  in  harmony  and  concert  and 
desire  to  confer  with  you  before  I  act  at  all. 
You  should  put  Mr.  Blaine  on  his  guard  as 
to  this,  *  *  *  So  Mr.  Conkling  has 
strutted  ofif.  Bah!  out  of  all  this  will 
come  a  boiling  cauldron.  Mr,  Mahone  and 
his  "pragmatic  sanction"  is  broken.  "God 
disposes  when  man  only  proposes."  Alas! 
there  did  come,  if  not  the  boiling  cauldron, 
the  assassin's  bullet;  but  we  have  quoted 
enough  from  these  letters  which  throw  a 


lurid  side-light  upon  the  times,  to  indicate 
the  close  personal  and  political  relationship 
of  Mr.  Bosler  to  Mr.  Brewster,  who  did  be- 
come Attorney  General,  winning  that  niucli 
coveted  prize  in  the  President's  cabinet,  and 
as  we  believe,  principall}',  against  the 
machinations  of  others,  through  the  influ- 
ence of  his  friend. 

In  1882,  Mr.  Bosler  was  nominated  by 
the  Republicans  in  the  32d  District,  em- 
bracing the  counties  of  Cumberland  and 
Adams,  for  State  Senator,  as  against  Sam- 
uel Wagner,  the  Democratic  candidate.  The 
district  had  1800  Democratic  majority, 
which  he  reduced  to  130.  The  contest  was 
therefore  a  very  close  one,  Mr.  Bosler  run- 
ning so  far  ahead  of  the  ticket — some  1600 — 
that  on  the  face  of  the  returns  he  was  only 
beaten  by  a  small  majority.  He  at  once 
announced  his  intention  of  contesting  his 
opponent's  claim  to  the  certificate  of  elec- 
tion, and  the  case  was  taken  into  court. 
Here  he  adduced  evidence  showing  fraud 
at  the  polls,  but  there  was  not  sufficient  to 
overcome  the  returned  majority  for  Mr. 
Wagner. 

His  whole  life  shows,  that,  like  the  king- 
maker, Warwick,  he  cared  more  for  the  po- 
litical preferment  of  his  friends  than  he  did 
for  his  own  success  in  this  one  personal  at- 
tempt in  politics.  With  his  large  influence, 
his  extensive  acquaintance  with  public  men, 
and  wide  knowledge  of  public  affairs,  he 
may,  and  we  believe  he  did,  see  public  is- 
sues and  interests  which  would  have  been 
greatly  conserved  by  his  election.  Who 
knows?  We  know  acts,  but  he  who  would 
pass  a  final  judgment  upon  the  motives  of 
his  fellow  man  usurps  the  attributes  of  the 
Almighty. 

The  dark  curtain  upon  his  life  was  soon 
to  fall,  beyond  which  no  mortal  sees.  He 
died  in  his  office,  on  the  beautiful  grounds 
of  his  residence,  on  Monday  afternoon,  De- 
cember 17th,  1883.    He  had  arrived  home, 


174 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


only  a  few  daj's  previously,  from  a  business 
trip  to  Philadelphia  and  Washington,  and 
was  stricken  down,  in  the  prime  of  life,  by 
the  hand  of  death,  in  the  form  of  apoplexy. 
As  his  friend  "Gath"  has  pathetically  said: 
"A  boy's  heart  below  his  shoulders  and  a 
man's  head  above  them,  he  wore  himself 
out  smiling,  and  hardly  knew  that  he  was 
tired;  but  the  active  brain,  submerged  in  its 
own  blood  told  the  tale  of  a  fellow  sufferer 
with  all  who  push  beyond  the  plainest  limi- 
tations of  existence,  and  proved  that  the 
real  martyrs  of  life  are  often  not  those  who 
fail,  but  those  who  succeed." 

There  is  little  else  to  tell.  In  1883  he  at- 
tended, with  some  friends,  the  centenary 
anniversary  of  Dickinson  College,  in  which 
he  had  been  a  student  when  a  boy,  and,  at  a 
meeting  of  the  trustees,  with  his  usual  gen- 
erositv,  he  subscribed  ten  thousand  dollars 
to  the  endowment  of  a  Prof.  McClintock 
chair.  He  died  before  this  was  carried  into 
execution,  and  his  widow  added  unto  this 
more  than  seven  fold,  the  result  of  which  is 
seen  in  the  splendid  "James  W.  Bosler 
Memorial  Hall,"  which  will  stand  for  cen- 
turies as  a  monument  to  his  memory. 

His  sudden  death  was  a  shock  to  the 
commimity,  to  which  he  had  shown  himself 
so  public  spirited  a  friend  and  citizen,  and 
drew  forth  the  warmest  expressions  of  sym- 
pathy from  the  widest  business  and  political 
circles.  To  some  of  these  we  have  alluded. 
Kindly  words  of  regret  and  sympathy  came 
from  Hon.  Chas.  B.  Lore.  James  G.  Blaine, 
Hon.  Stephen  B.  Elkins,  Thos.  Beaver,  of 
Danville,  Jacob  Lome,  of  Maryland,  Enoch 
Pratt,  of  Baltimore  library  fame,  and  from 
others  of  this  class. 

We  have  only  space  to  add  a  tribute  by 
H.  J.  Ramsdell,  the  well  known  Washing- 
ton correspondent,  which  he  wrote  to  the 
"Philadelphia  Press"  at  this  time.  It  is  as 
follows : 


To  the  Editor  of  the  Press: 

Sir:  I  returned  last  night  from  the  fun- 
eral of  a  man  who  was  loved  by  all  his 
neighbors,  high  and  low,  and  whose  death 
I  shall  never  cease  to  mourn.  Friendship 
is  a  word  used  most  thoughtlessly.  Ordinar- 
ily it  does  not  mean  anything.  As  long  as 
one  man  can  be  of  use  to  another,  friend- 
ship is  a  pleasant  word;  as  long  as  one  man 
can  amuse  another  they  are  friends  as  the 
world  goes.  But  when  ill-luck  or  adver- 
sity comes,  the  common  friendship  of  men 
is  blown  away  by  the  first  wind.  James  W. 
Bosler,  of  Carlisle,  died  last  Monday,  and 
was  buried  in  the  beautiful  village  of  his 
birth  on  Thursday.  Such  universal  mourn- 
ing I  never  saw.  On  the  day  of  the  funer- 
al the  picturesque  park  in  which  his  magni- 
ficent house  is  situated  was  thronged  with 
people,  rich  and  poor,  high  and  low,  men, 
women,  children.  In  the  house  were  the  re- 
latives of  the  deceased  and  the  distinguished 
persons  who  came  to  pay  the  only  tribute 
they  could  pay  to  the  man  they  loved.  I 
have  no  wish  to  parade  their  names.  A 
choking  sensation  was  felt  in  every  throat 
when  Mr.  Blaine  burst  into  tears  as  he 
looked  at  the  face  of  his  dead  friend.  It  was 
the  saddest  scene  I  ever  saw.  A  thousand 
persons  said  when  his  name  was  mentioned : 
"He  was  the  best  friend  I  ever  had." 

In  this  city  it  is  much  the  same:  "Poor 
Bosler,"  "Dear  Old  Bosler,"  are  heard 
everj'where.  He  never  said  an  ungentle 
word  in  his  life,  and  he  never  did  a  mean 
thing.  I  could  fill  The  Press  with  the 
noble  things  he  has  done.  He  was  one  of 
the  very  few  greatly  successful  men  in  the 
world  who  did  not  lose  his  heart.  He  was 
several  times  a  millionaire,  if  reports  are 
true,  and  yet  his  manners,  his  dress,  and 
habits  were  as  simple  as  the  humblest  man 
in  his  employ. 

By  his  marriage  to  Helen  Beltzhoover 
Mr.  Bosler  left  five  children,  four  of  whom 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


175 


are  living,  namely,  Frank  C,  born  May  ist, 
1869,  graduated  from  Harvard  College  in 
the  class  of  1894;  Mary  Eliza;  De  Witt  Clin- 
ton, born  April  25th,  1873,  graduated  from 
Harvard  College,  class  of  1897;  and  Helen 
Louise  Bosler. 

He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the 
Independent  National  Bank,  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  a  director  until  the  time  of  his 
death.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
President  of  the  Palo  Blanco  Cattle  Com- 
pany, of  New  Mexico,  and  of  the  Carlisle 
Manufacturing  Company,  and  he  was  a 
director  of  the  Carlisle  Deposit  Bank  and 
of  the  Gas  and  Water  Company  of  his  na- 
tive borough.  No  man,  says  a  local  obitu- 
ary, "was  more  generally  beloved  in  a  com- 
munity than  was  Mr.  Bosler  in  Carlisle,  for 
his  benevolence  was  as  broad  as  his  means 
were  great.  With  a  strong  intelligence  and 
remarkable  judgement  he  united  great 
kindness  of  heart." 

He  was  a  man  of  deeds.  Whatever  he 
promised  he  kept.  His  word  was  his  bond, 
and  this  was  in  great  things  and  small.  But 
he  held  not  this  exactitude  of  others  if  pov- 
erty or  adverse  circumstances  prevented  of 
its  keeping;  he  aided,  and  with  a  careless 
grace  those  who  were  thus  circumstanced, 
sympathizing  rather  with  the  weaknesses  of 
human  nature  than,  Shylock-like,  demand- 
ing the  fulfillment  of  his  bond. 

A  word  in  closing  this  somewhat  lengthy 
sketch!  For  the  dead,  if  they  have  been 
successful  in  life  (and  only,  often,  as  the 
world  regards  "success")  there  is  apt  to  be 
too  much  eulogy  and  for  those  who  fail  or 
are  criminal,  perchance,  too  much  blame. 
Obituaries  and  tombstones  often  lie,  so 
that,  with  Charles  Lamb,  we  sometimes 
wonder  where  the  bad  are  buried.  Human 
judgment  fails  and  justice  errs,  and  to  hold 
the  balances  at  all  seems  to  be  an  almost 
sacriligious  act,  against  that  divine  precept 
of  the  Christian  Master,  "Judge  not  that 


ye  be  not  judged."  In  this  deeper  sense,  as 
we  interpret  it,  we  put  no  finger  upon  the 
question  of  tne  religious  belief  of  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch.  We  believe  that  men 
are  wider  than  are  creeds.  While  in  heart- 
felt sympathy  with  the  church  of  his  ances- 
tors and  a  trustee  of  the  Second  Presbyter- 
ian church  of  Carlisle,  we  are  inclined  to  be- 
lieve that  he  never  became  an  active  mem- 
ber of  it,  (although  financially  a  strong  sup- 
porter of  it)  because,  perhaps  unconsciously 
he  inclined  to  a  belief  in  the  axiom  we  have 
expressed.  He  was,  we  would  suppose 
from  his  character,  too  modest  of  his  own 
merits  to  do  so  without  strong  conviction, 
and,  possibly  Hke  so  many  others,  would 
rather  remain  without  the  pale  of  that  "sa- 
cred circle"  than  be  in  it  with  the  chance  of 
his  own  conscience  accusing  him  of  being 
a  hypocrite.  Few  men  were  less  sceptical 
than  he.  Of  religion  we  never  heard  him 
speak — we  do  not  think  it  was  his  nature  to 
do  SO' — but  of  humanity  he  was  full,  and  of 
charity  to  his  fellow  man. 

EDWARD  McPHERSON,  LL.  D., 
a  distinguished  citizen  of  Get- 
tysburg, Pennsylvania,  is  a  descendant 
in  the  fourth  generation  of  Robert  and 
Janet  McPherson,  who  settled  on  Marsh 
creek,  Adams  county,  (then  Lancaster)  in 
the  year  1738.  Robert  McPherson  died  in 
1749  and  his  wife  in  1769. 

Col.  Robert  McPherson,  his  great-grand- 
father, was  educated  at  the  academy  located 
at  New  London,  Chester  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  was  for  thirty  years  an  active 
and  influential  citizen  and  filled  many  im- 
portant positions  in  York  county.  He  was 
auditor  in  1755  and  1767;  commissioner  in 
1756:  sherifif  in  1762  and  assemblyman  in 
1765  to  1767  and  1781  to  1784.  He  was  a 
member  for  York  county  of  the  provincial 
conference  of  committees  which  met  in 
Carpenter's    Hall,    Philadelphia,    June    18, 


176 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


T776,  and  was  also  a  member  of  the  Con- 
stitutional Convention  which  in  July,  1776. 
formulated  the  first  Constitution  of  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  captain  in 
Gen.  Forbes'  expedition  to  reduce  Fort 
Duquesne  in  1758  and  served  as  colonel  in 
the  Revolutionary  army  and  after  the  ex- 
piration of  his  term  as  an  assistant  com- 
missary of  supplies.  His  wife  was  Agnes 
Miller,  of  the  Cumberland  Valley,  by  whom 
he  had  nine  children,  six  daughters  and 
three  sons.  Of  the  former  two  died  in  in- 
fancy. Janet  married  David  Grier,  of 
York;  Mary  married  Alexander  Russell, 
Esq.,  of  Gettysburg;  Agnes  married  Dr. 
Andrew  McDowell,  of  Chambersburg,  and 
Elizabeth  married  James  Riddle,  of  Cham- 
bersburg. The  eldest  son,  William  mar- 
ried, first,  Mary  Carrick,  of  Maryland,  and 
after  her  death  Sarah  Reynolds,  of  Ship- 
pensburg,  Pennsylvania.  Robert  died  un- 
married and  John  married  Sarah  Smith,  of 
Frederick,  Maryland.  Col.  Robert  was 
one  of  the  chartered  trustees  of  Dickinson 
College.       He  died  in  1789. 

Lieutenant  William  McPherson,  grand- 
father of  Edward,  served  honorably  in  the 
Revolutionary  war,  having  been  a  lieuten 
ant  in  1776  in  Miles  Rifle  Regiment,  and 
was  captured  by  the  enemy  at  the  battle  of 
Long  Island  and  kept  a  prisoner  of  war  for 
nearly  two  years.  On  his  return  to  civic 
life  he  discharged  many  public  trusts,  and 
for  nine  years  represented  York  county  in 
the  Legislature  as  the  special  champion  of 
the  bill  for  the  creation  of  Adams  county, 
which  division  was  made  in  1800.  He  died 
in  Gettysburg  August  2,  1832,  in  his  sev- 
enty-fifth year. 

John  B.  McPherson,  grandson  of  Col. 
Robert  McPherson,  a  son  of  Lieutenant 
William  McPherson,  by  Mary  Carrick,  of 
Frederick  county,  Maryland,  and  father  of 
Edward,  was  born  near  Gettysburg,  No- 
vember 15,  1789,  on  the  farm  on  which  his 


great-grandfather  settled  in  1738.  He  died 
in  Gettysburg,  January  4,  1858.  John 
B.  McPherson  lost  his  mother  when  quite 
young  and  spent  several  of  his  earlier  years 
with  his  grandfather,  Capt.  Samuel  Car- 
rick, of  the  neighborhood  of  Emittsburg, 
Maryland.  He  subsequently  returned 
to  his  home,  where  he  spent  his  youth.  He 
received  a  fair  education  at  the  academies 
of  Gettysburg  and  York,  subsequently 
spent  several  years  of  his  life  in  Frederick 
City,  Maryland,  with  his  uncle.  Col.  John 
McPherson,  and  for  a  year  was  a  clerk  in 
the  Branch  bank  located  in  that  place.  He 
was  married  in  Frederick,  April  5,  1810,  to 
Catharine,  daughter  of  Godfrey  Lenhart, 
Esq.,  and  grand-daughter  of  Yost  Har- 
bach  (now  spelled  Harbaugh),  all  of  York 
county.  Early  in  18 14  he  removed  to 
Gettysburg  with  a  view  to  entering  the 
mercantile  business,  but  on  the  26th  of 
May,  of  that  year,  was  elected  cashier  of 
the  bank  of  Gettysburg,  then  recently  char- 
tered and  organized.  He  continued  in  that 
position  until  his  death,  a  period  of  nearly 
forty-four  years.  He  had  superior  busi- 
ness ability  and  courteous  manners,  com- 
bined with  strength  of  character  and  a  high 
sense  of  personal  and  official  honor.  He 
participated  actively  in  municipal  and 
county  affairs  and  filled  many  posts  of 
trust.  He  was  a  highly  intelligent  and 
well  read  man,  a  patron  and  efficient  friend 
of  Pennsylvania  College,  of  whose  board  of 
trustees  he  was  president  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  His  widow  survived  him  about  one 
year.  They  left  several  children.  A  grand 
son.  Dr.  J.  McPherson  Scott,  has  twice 
represented  his  native  county  of  Washing- 
ton, Maryland,  in  the  Legislature,  is  a  phy- 
sician of  high  standing  and  was  a  district 
delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Con- 
vention of  1884. 

Hon.  Edward  IMcPherson,  youngest  son 
of  John  B.  and  Catharine  McPherson,  was 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


177 


born  in  Gettysburg,  July  31,  1830,  and  was 
educated  at  the  public  schools  of  that  bor- 
ough, and  at  Pennsylvania  College,  gradu- 
ating from  the  latter  as  valedictorian  of  his 
class  in  1848.  He  early  developed  a  taste 
for  politics  and  journalism,  but  at  the  re- 
quest of  his  father  began  the  study  of  law 
with  Hon.  Thaddeus  Stevens,  at  Lancas- 
ter, which,  however,  he  abandoned  on  ac- 
count of  failing  health  and  for  several  win- 
ters was  employed  at  Harrisburg  as  a  re- 
porter of  legislative  proceedings  and  a  cor- 
respondent of  the  Philadelphia  North 
American  and  other  newspapers.  In  the 
campaign  of  1851  he  edited  in  the  interests 
of  the  Whig  party  the  Harrisburg  Daily 
American,  and  in  the  fall  of  that  year  he 
took  charge  of  the  Lancaster  Independent 
Whig  which  he  edited  until  January,  1854. 
In  the  spring  of  1853,  he  started  the  Inland 
Daily,  the  first  daily  paper  published  at 
Lancaster.  His  health  proved  unequal  to 
such  exacting  labors  and  he  relinquished 
them  as  stated,  except  for  brief  periods  at 
Pittsburg,  in  1855,  and  at  Philadelphia 
from  the  Fall  of  1878  to  the  Spring  of  1880, 
since  which  time  he  has  not  had  active 
connection  with  the  press.  The  first  im- 
portant public  service  rendered  by  Mr. 
McPherson  was  the  preparation  of  a  series 
of  letters,  ten  in  number,  which  were 
printed  in  the  Philadelphia  Evening  Bulle- 
tin in  the  year  1857  and  afterward  in  pam- 
phlet form,  their  object  being  to  prove  the 
soundness  of  the  financial  policy  which  de- 
manded the  sale  by  the  State  of  its  main 
line  of  public  improvements.  The  letters 
analyzed  the  reports  of  the  canal  commis- 
sioners for  a  series  of  years,  proved  the 
falsity  of  conclusions  drawn  from  them,  and 
demonstrated  the  folly  of  State  ownership 
and  management.  The  letters  were  never 
answered,  and  they  formed  the  text  from 
which  were  drawn  the  arguments  in  favor 
of  the  sale  which  was  accomplished  in  1858. 


The  next  year  he  prepared  a  like  series  on 
the  sale  of  the  branches  of  the  State  canal 
which  had  a  like  reception.  Both  series  of 
letters  were  published  anonymously,  but 
were  signed  "Adams,"  after  his  native 
cotmty.  In  1856  he  published  an  address 
on  "The  Growth  of  Individualism,"  which 
was  delivered  before  the  alumni  of  his  alma 
mater,  of  whose  board  of  trustees  he  had 
been  for  years  an  active  member.  Another 
was  published  in  1858  on  the  "Christian 
Principle,  Its  Influence  Upon  Govern- 
ment," and  still  another  in  1859,  on  "The 
Family  in  its  Relations  to  the  State,"  both 
of  which  were  delivered  before  the  Y.  M.  C. 
A.,  of  Gettysburg.  In  1863  he  delivered 
an  address  before  the  literary  societies  of 
Dickinson  College,  on  the  subject  "Know 
Thyself,"  personally  and  nationally  con- 
sidered. In  1858  Mr.  McPherson  was 
elected  to  the  36th  Congress  from  the  i6th 
district  of  Pennsylvania,  then  embracing 
the  counties  of  Adams,  Franklin,  Fulton, 
Bedford  and  Juniata,  and  was  re-elected  in 
i860.  In  1862  he  was  defeated  in  the 
political  re-action  of  that  date,  the  district 
having  been  meanwhile  changed  by  the 
substitution  of  Somerset  county  for  Juniata. 
LTpon  the  completion  of  his  Congressional 
term  of  service  he  was  appointed  in  1863, 
by  President  Lincoln,  upon  Secretary 
Chase's  recommendation.  Deputy  Com- 
missioner of  Internal  Revenue,  in  which 
position  he  served  until  December,  1863, 
when  he  was  chosen  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  for  the  38th  Congress, 
which  office  he  continued  to  hold  during 
the  39th,  40th,  41st,  42d  and  43d  Con- 
gresses, again  in  the  47th  Congress,  and 
again  in  the  51st  Congress,  being  the  long- 
est continuous  service  and  the  longest  ser- 
vice in  that  post  of  any  similar  official  from 
the  beginning  of  the  government.  During 
the  administration  of  President  Hayes  he 
served  as  chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Engraving 


178 


BlOGEAPHICAL  AND  PORTRAIT  CYCLOPEDIA. 


of  the  Treasury  Department  for  i8  months, 
during  which  time  he  re-organized  and  re- 
formed its  administration  and  obtained 
from  Congress  an  appropriation  of  $325,- 
000  for  the  erection  of  its  present  fire-proof 
building  in  Washington  city.  The  entire 
cost  of  it  was  met  out  of  one  year's  appro- 
priations made  for  the  bureau  and  an  equal 
amount  was  left  unexpended  in  the  treas- 
ury. During  his  service  in  Congress  the 
principal  speeches  of  Mr.  McPherson  were 
on  "Disorganization  and  Disunion,"  deliv- 
ered February  4,  i860,  in  review  of  the  two 
months'  contest  over  the  election  of  a 
Speaker  in  the  36th  Congress;  "The  Dis- 
union Conspiracy,"  delivered  January  23, 
1861,  in  examination  of  the  secession  move- 
ment and  the  arguments  made  in  justifica- 
tion of  it;  "The  RebeUion;  Our  Relations 
and  Duties,"  delivered  February  14,  1862, 
in  general  discussion  of  the  war;  "The  Ad- 
ministration of  Abraham  Lincoln  and  Its 
Assailants,"  delivered  June  5,  1862.  During 
and  since  his  incumbency  of  the  clerkship 
he  published  "A  Political  History  of  the 
United  States  During  the  Rebellion,"  ex- 
tending from  the  Presidential  election  of 
i860  to  April  12,  1865,  the  date  of  Linc- 
oln's death;  "A  Political  History  of  the 
United  States  During  the  Period  of  Re- 
construction," extending  from  1865  to 
1870;  "Hand  Book  of  Politics  for  1870  and 
1872;"  Hand  Book  of  Politics  for  1872  and 
1874;  also  similar  hand  books  at  intervals 
of  two  years  up  and  including  1894.  These 
latter  volumes  are  editorial  compilations 
of  the  political  records  of  men  and  parties 
during  that  eventful  period,  and  have  re- 
ceived a  high  place  in  the  confidence  of  all 
parties  for  completeness,  fairness  and  ac- 
curacy. During  the  Summer  and  Fall  of 
1861  our  subject  served  as  a  volunteer  aide 
on  the  staff  of  Gen.  McCall,  commanding 
the  Pennsylvania  Reserves,  with  a  view  of 
studying  the  wants  and  organization  of  the 


army,  and  to  fit  himself  for  intelligent  leg- 
islative action  on  those  subjects.  In  the 
37th  Congress  he  was  a  member  of  the  mil- 
itary committee  of  the  House  and  took  an 
active  part  in  legislation  respecting  ths 
army.  He  also  served  as  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  the  library  and  as  regent  oi 
the  Smithsonian  Institute.  He  was  sec- 
retary of  the  People's  State  Committee  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1857;  was  a  member  of  the 
Republican  National  Committee  from  i860 
to  1864;  was  frequently  a  delegate  to  State 
conventions;  was  a  representative  delegate 
to  the  Republican  National  convention  of 
1876,  and  was  permanent  president  of  that 
body.  He  actively  participated  in  politics 
for  many  years  and  had  been  during  five 
campaigns  the  secretary  of  the  Republican 
Congressional  committee.  In  1867  the  de- 
gree LL.  D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
Pennsylvania  College.  Mr.  McPherson 
was  married  November  12,  1862,  to  Miss 
Annie  D.,  daughter  of  John  S.  Crawford, 
Esq.,  of  Gettysburg,  and  grand  daughter, 
on  her  father's  side,  of  Dr.  William  Craw- 
ford, a  native  of  Scotland,  who  settled  near 
Gettysburg  about  1786,  and  who  for  eight 
years  represented  that  district  in  Congress, 
and  on  her  mother's  side,  of  Rev.  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Paxton,  who  for  nearly  fifty  years 
served  with  distinction  and  abihty  Lower 
Adlarsh  Creek  Presbyterian  church.  To  this 
union  were  born  five  children,  four  sons 
and  one  daughter,  whose  names  are  as  fol- 
lows: John  B.,  William  L.,  Norman  C, 
Donald  P.,  and  Annie  D.  McPherson. 

John  B.  McPherson,  Esq.,  was  born  on 
October  7,  1863.  He  received  his  prelimi- 
nary education  in  the  private  schools  of 
Gettysburg  and  entered  Penns)dvania  Col- 
lege in  the  year  1879.  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  1883.  He  subsequently  be- 
came a  student  at  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, from  whose  law  department  he 
was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1888.     After 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


179 


graduation  he  returned  to  his  native  place 
and  became  editor  of  the  Star  and  Sentinel, 
a  position  which  he  held  from  that  time 
until  1896.  In  the  latter  year  he  sold  his 
interest  to  Guyon  H.  Buehler,  Esq.,  and  re- 
tired from  journalism.  He  immediately 
associated  himself  with  his  brother,  Donald 
P.  McPherson,  under  the  firm  name  of  Mc- 
Pherson  &  McPherson,  in  the  practice  of 
law.  In  i8g6  he  was  elected  vice  president 
of  the  Gettysburg  National  Bank  and  a 
trustee  of  Pennsylvania  College. 

Donald  P.  McPherson  is  a  graduate  of 
Pennsylvania  College,  class  of  1889,  and  of 
Harvard  Law  school,  class  of  1895.  Like 
their  father  before  them,  the  McPhersons 
are  loyal  Republicans  and  take  an  active 
interest  in  the  politics  of  their  county  and 
State. 

THE  SMALL  FAMILY.  Among  the 
most  prominent  and  distinguished 
families  of  Southern  Pennsylvania  this  fam- 
ily must  be  accorded  a  high  place,  both  in 
point  of  business  success  and  social  posi- 
tion. The  business  interests  of  the  Small 
family  largely  centre  around  the  well 
known  firm  of  P.  A.  &  S.  Small,  the  origi- 
nal members  of  which  were  Philip  A.,  and 
Samuel  Small,  both  of  whom  are  now  de- 
ceased. 

Philip  Albright  Small  and  Samuel  Small 
were  descendants  from  the  prolific  stock  of 
Lorenz  Schmah,  a  German  emigrant  to 
America  from  the  Middle  Palatinate  in  the 
year  1743.  Lorenz  Schmall  upon  his  ar- 
rival settled  in  what  is  now  Hellam  town- 
ship, about  six  miles  east  of  York.  His 
family  consisted  of  four  sons  and  two 
daughters,  the  eldest  of  whom,  Killian,  set- 
tled in  the  town  of  York,  where  he  begat 
seven  sons:  Jacob,  John,  George  Joseph, 
Peter,  Rlichael  and  Henry.  George  Small, 
the  third  son  married  Anna  Maria  Albright, 
a  daughter  of  Philip  Albright,  an  oilicer  in 


the  Revolutionar}'  army,  whose  sword  re- 
mains in  the  possession  of  the  family.  Pie 
had  four  children:  Cassandra,  Philip  Al- 
bright, Samuel  and  Alexander.  George 
Small  became  a  carpenter  and  assisted  his 
brother  Peter  in  building  the  Lutheran 
church  and  spire,  still  standing  on  South 
George  street.  In  1809,  he  purchased  for 
thirteen  hundred  dollars  the  property  at  the 
corner  of  East  Main  street  and  Centre 
Square,  in  the  borough  of  York,  where 
subsequently  he  went  into  business  with  his 
sons,  and  where  that  business  has  been  con- 
tinued to  the  present  day. 

Philip  Albright  Small,  eldest  son  of 
George,  commenced  his  business  life  in  the 
employ  of  Shulz,  Koenig  &  Company,  of 
Baltimore,  who  had  extensive  hardware 
and  grocery  trade  throughout  the  South. 
For  this  firm  he  made  collections,  travel- 
ing on  horse  back  through  Virginia,  the 
Carolinas,  Northern  Georgia  and  Alabama, 
Tennessee  and  Kentucky,  returning  from 
Cincinnati  by  boat  and  stage.  In  182 1  he 
entered  into  the  hardware  business  with  his 
father  on  the  corner  of  East  Market  street 
and  Centre  Square,  under  the  firm  name  of 
George  Small  &  Son,  which  was  afterward 
changed  to  George  Small  &  Sons,  upon  the 
second,  Samuel,  becoming  a  partner.  In 
1833,  George  Small,  desiring  to  retire 
from  business,  sold  out  his  interest  to  his 
sons  and  then,  on  July  i,  1833,  the  firm  ot 
P.  A.  &  S.  Small  began  and  has  ever  since 
continued  its  honorable  career  without 
blot  or  stain,  without  protest  or  extension, 
without  interruption  of  its  prosperity,  or 
any  shadow  on  its  credit.  In  1838  the 
completion  of  the  Baltimore  and  Susque- 
hanna railroad,  from  Baltimore  to  York, 
enabled  the  firm  to  commence  a  grain  busi- 
ness, buying  and  shipping  to  Baltimore 
large  quantities,  which  has  since  enlarged 
into  an  extensive  flour  manufacture  and 
shipping   business   with    Rio   Janeiro    and 


i8o 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


other  South  American  ports.  In  the  same 
year  the  manufacture  of  iron,  then  grow- 
ing in  importance,  was  begtm  by  the  firm, 
first  at  Manor,  York  county,  then  at  Sarah 
Furnace,  Harford  county,  Maryland,  and 
afterward  at  Ashland,  Baltimore  county, 
Maryland,  in  which  latter  place,  in  con- 
junction with  Messrs.  E.  &  J.  Patterson, 
they  erected  large  furnaces.  The  high 
credit  always  enjoyed  by  P.  A.  &  S.  Small, 
made  the  firm  for  many  years  the  depositor 
of  many  large  sums  of  money  on  call,  left 
with  them  especially  by  the  farmers  from 
whom  they  made  their  purchases  of  grain; 
the  amount  of  cash  thus  deposited  witli 
them  ran  up  as  high  as  200,000  dollars,  and 
this  continued  until  the  firm,  owing  to  the 
decreasing  value  of  money  and  rates  of  in- 
terest, declined  any  longer  to  receive  de- 
posits. 

The  senior  member,  Philip  A.  Small,  de- 
voted his  attention  principally  to  the  man- 
agement of  the  out  door  business  of  the 
firm.  The  mills,  farms,  ore  banks  and  fur- 
naces were  under  his  supervision.  He  was 
always  a  firm  believer  in  the  value  of  real 
estate,  and  much  of  the  large  amount  of 
land  owned  by  the  firm  was  bought  at  his 
instance.  In  all  matters  connected  with 
agriculture  he  was  an  expert  and  recog- 
nized as  an  authority.  One  of  the  origina- 
tors of  the  York  County  Agricultural  So- 
ciety and  one  of  its  board  of  managers  for 
a  number  of  years,  he  was  deeply  interested 
in  the  promotion  of  scientific  husbandry. 

He  was  a  man  of  singularly  genial  dispo- 
sition, of  most  pleasing  and  agreeable  man- 
ners and  yet  withal  of  great  personal  dig- 
nity. He  was  peculiarly  charitable  in  his 
judgment  of  the  conduct  of  others  and  of 
the  most  absolute  integrity  and  truthful- 
ness himself,  he  could  tolerate  no  false- 
hood or  fraud  in  any  one,  yet  his  kindly 
disposition  made  him  slow  to  condemn.  On 
all  public  questions  his  views  were  broad 


and  catholic  and  on  matters  of  public  or 
economic  policy  his  counsels  were  wise  and 
judicious.  Politically  he  was  first  a  Whig 
and  afterward  upon  the  organization  of  the 
Republican  party  became  an  ardent  sup- 
supporter  of  that  body. 

On  account  of  his  business  sagacity 
Philip  A.  Small  occupied  many  positions  oS 
trust  in  various  corporations  external  to 
the  direct  interests  of  the  firm  of  P.  A.  & 
S.  Small.  For  many  years  he  was  presi- 
dent of  the  York  County  National  Bank, 
was  a  director  and  active  promoter  of  the 
Hanover  and  York  railroad  company; was  a 
director  of  the  York  Water  company  and 
president  of  Ashland  Iron  company.  His 
counsel  and  assistance  were  always  sought 
and  never  vainly  in  every  enterprise  and 
undertaking  for  the  advancement  of  the 
public  good. 

He  died  on  April  3,  1875,  leaving  to  sur- 
vive him  five  daughters  and  three  sons,  who 
now  compose  the  firm  of  P.  A.  &  S.  Small ; 
George,  William  Latimer  and  Samuel,  the 
first  being  one  of  the  leading  business  men 
of  Baltimore. 

Samuel  Small,  second  son  of  George 
Small  and  Anna  Maria,  his  wife,  was  born 
in  York  on  July  25,  1799.  Like  his  brother 
Philip,  he  commenced  his  business  career 
in  the  employ  of  Shulz,  Koenig  &  Com- 
pany, of  Baltimore,  who,  recognizing  his 
abihty,  sent  him  to  Pittsburg  to  open  a 
branch  store.  Here  he  made  a  new  depar- 
ture by  removing  his  stock  of  goods  to  a 
flat  boat,  which  he  floated  down  the  Ohio 
river  stopping  at  various  points  on  its 
banks  to  make  sales.  He  landed  at  Cin- 
cinnati, rented  a  store  and  put  in  it  his 
stock  of  goods.  While  engaged  in  busi- 
ness in  Cincinnati  he  received  letters  from 
his  father  urging  him  to  return  to  York, 
and  in  the  year  1826,  having  sold  out  his 
store  in  Cincinnati,  returned  to  his  native 
city  and  engaged  with  the  late  George  S. 


NiNIETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


Morris  in  the  dry  goods  business,  where 
the  building  occupied  by  the  York  County 
National  Bank  now  stands.  This  he  con- 
tinued until  his  admittance  into  the  firm  of 
George  Small  &  Sons,  the  predecessors,  as 
already  stated  of  P.  A.  &  S.  Small.  His 
time  and  attention  henceforth  were  mainly 
devoted  to  the  financial  departments  of  the 
firm's  business,  to  the  management  of 
which  he  was  exceedingly  well  adapted.  As 
a  financier,  he  was  shrewd,  cautious  and  far 
sighted,  never  led  into  foolish  speculations 
by  specious  appearances,  but  instinctively 
distinguished  the  substantial  and  solid  from 
the  merely  meretricious.  He  was  acknowl- 
edged to  be  the  highest  authority  in  his 
community  on  all  matters  of  a  financial 
nature. 

On  the  death  of  the  late  William  Cole- 
man, Mr.  Small  became  guardian  of  his  two 
minor  children.  The  estate,  though  im- 
mensely valuable  had  been  grossly  mis- 
managed when  Mr.  Small  assumed  control. 
But  so  skillful  did  he  (with  the  aid  of  Arte- 
mus  Wilhelm,  Esq.,)  manage  the  estate  that 
on  the  arrival  of  the  heirs  at  their  respec- 
tive majorities  he  turned  over  to  each  up- 
ward of  a  million  and  a  third  of  dollars,  be- 
sides their  valuable  ore  land.  For  these 
years  of  efficient  service  he  made  no  charge. 

Mr.  Small  was  preeminently  a  philan- 
thropist, and  it  is  in  connection  with  his 
noble  charities  that  he  will  be  longest  re- 
membered in  the  community  where  he 
spent  his  life.  His  hand  was  ever  open  to 
the  appeal  of  the  poor  and  friendless.  No 
worthy  applicant  was  ever  turned  away  un- 
aided. In  person  and  by  trusted  assistants 
he  constantly  sought  out  the  necessitous  in 
order  to  minister  to  their  necessities.  Ahorse 
and  conveyance  was  kept  for  the  use  of  one 
of  his  assistants  in  this  work,  in  order  that 
he  might  more  readily  reach  the  poor  and 
money  was  ever  furnished  to  meet  all 
worthy  demands. 


In  connection  with  the  late  Charles  A. 
Morris  and  others,  he  founded  the  Chil- 
dren's Home  of  York,  where  fatherless  and 
motherless,  deserted  and  friendless  children 
have  been  cared  for  and  educated  and  after- 
ward followed  into  the  active  duties  of  life 
with  his  paternal  benediction.  The  York 
Collegiate  Institute  was  exclusively  founded 
and  endowed  by  him.  Here  he  endeavored 
to  found  an  institution  where  the  forma- 
tion of  individual  Christian  character  would 
be  the  first  aim.  He  endowed  it  liberally 
and  provided  a  fund  called  the  "Coleman 
Scholarship  Fund,"  to  assist  young  men 
in  preparation  for  the  Christian  ministry. 
Fle  also  with  others  established  the  York 
Hospital  and  Dispensary,  donated  the  build- 
ing and  ground  and  subscribed  liberally 
to  its  support.  These  acts  of  public  char- 
ity and  philanthropy  were  supplemented 
by  many  others  lesser  in  extent  but  just 
as  important  in  their  moral  results.  His  life 
seemed  a  perfect  continuum  of  business  suc- 
cess, charitable  giving  and  devotion  to  the 
common  interests  of  humanity. 

Early  in  life  he  united  himself  with  the 
German  Reformed  Church,  but  later  be- 
came a  member  and  ruling  elder  in  the 
First  Presbyterian  church.  In  church,  Sun- 
day school  and  prayer  meeting,  while  in 
health,  his  seat  was  never  vacant. 

He  died  July  14,  1885,  and  the  day  of  his 
sepulture  was  observed  by  a  general  sus- 
pension of  business  and  a  universal  exhibi- 
tion of  grief.  He  occupied  a  larger  place 
in  the  public  estimation,  was  more  loved  and 
respected  throughout  the  community,  has 
left  in  his  death  a  greater  vacancy,  and  been 
more  missed  than  any  other  individual  in 
his  city  or  county  ever  has  been  or  possibly 
could  be. 

SPENCER     FULLERTON     BAIRD 
The    peculiar    share    of    Cumberland 
countv   in    the    life    of    this    eminent    man 


l82 


Biographical  antd  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


of  science  calls  for,  at  least,  a  brief  state- 
ment of  the  leading  facts  in  his  life. 

He  was  born  in  Reading,  Pa.,  February 
3rd,  1823.  His  father,  Samuel  Baird,  a 
lawyer  in  that  city,  died  when  he  was  ten 
years  old.  He  spent  several  years  at  a 
Quaker  boarding  school,  at  Port  Deposit, 
Md.;  entered  Dickinson  College  in  1837, 
and  was  graduated  in  1840,  at  the  age  of 
seventeen.  He  continued  to  reside  with 
his  mother  in  Carlisle  for  the  next  few  years 
prosecuting  studies  in  Natural  History,  and 
attended  a  course  of  lectures  in  JMedicine  in 
New  York.  In  1845  he  was  made  pro- 
fessor of  Natural  History  in  his  alma  mater 
and  in  1848  professor  of  Chemistry  and 
Natural  Philosophy.  This  position  he  held 
until  called  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution 
at  Washington,  July  5th,  1850,  as  assist- 
ant secretary,  at  the  suggestion  of  professor 
Henry,  who  had  been  greatly  impressed, 
upon  his  acquaintance  with  him.  His 
father  had  been  a  lover  of  nature  and  out- 
door pursuits,  as  well  as  a  cultured  gentle- 
man. His  two  sons  seem  to  have  inherited 
his  tastes.  The  elder,  William,  became  in- 
terested in  making  a  collection  of  the 
game-birds  of  Cumberland  county  in  1836, 
and  found  in  the  younger  brother  an  in- 
telligent, as  well  as  enthusiastic  collabo- 
rator. In  1842  they  jointly  published  a  de- 
scription of  two  new  species.  In  1838 
Spencer  made  the  acquaintance  of  Audu- 
bon, with  whom  he  corresponded  for  many 
years,  and  from  whom  he  received  many 
specimens  for  his  collection.  During  that 
period  he  made  many  scientific  excursions 
on  foot  throughout  Pennsylvania,  walking 
in  one  of  them,  at  the  age  of  18.  400  miles 
through  the  mountains  in  21  days,  and  in 
1842  traversing  on  foot  over  2,200  miles. 
As  a  result  his  collection  of  birds,  deposited 
in  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  when  he  be- 
came assistant  secretary,  numbered  3,696, 
and  contained  specimens  of  almost  every 


species  of  bird  occurring  regularly  or  oth- 
erwise in  eastern  and  central  Pennsylvania. 
It  is  still  in  a  complete  state  of  preserva- 
tion, entirely  free  from  insects;  the  labels, 
with  their  precise  data  firmly  attached,  al- 
though it  has  been  much  handled;  "every 
standard  work  on  North  American  birds 
published  since  1850,  having  been  based 
essentially  upon  it,  so  far  as  eastern  species 
are  concerned."  But  his  attention  even 
then  was  by  no  means  exclusively  confined 
to  ornithology.  The  flora  was  almost  as 
familiar  as  its  birds.  New  species  of  fos- 
sils were  described.  The  cave  on  the  Con- 
edoguinet,  near  Carlisle,  always  of  great 
local  interest,  was  thoroughly  and  scienti- 
fically explored,  and  wagon  loads  of  bones 
of  animals,  mostly  extinct  in  this  region, 
removed.  They  are  deposited  in  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  and  are  exceed- 
ingly interesting  as  among  the  earliest  re- 
sults of  cave  explorations.  As  a  professor 
in  the  college  he  was  an  inspiration  to  those 
who  were  brought  into  contact  with  him. 
After  his  removal  to  Washington  he  was 
a  frequent  visitor  to  Carlisle,  where  his  sis- 
ter continued  to  reside,  and  he  seemed  to 
have  quite  an  interest  in  the  old  borough 
and  its  vicinity.  Many  of  the  older  inhabi- 
tants of  the  rural  districts  still  recall  inci- 
dents connected  with  some  of  his  tramps 
afield.  Upon  his  entrance  into  the  Smith- 
sonian, he  at  once  proved  a  valuable  coad- 
jutor of  Professor  Henry  in  carrying  out 
the  plans  that  have  made  that  institution 
unique  in  its  influence  upon  scientific  in- 
vestigation and  the  distribution  of  scientific 
information.  In  1878,  upon  the  death  of 
Professor  Henry,  he  was  appointed  secre- 
tary. It  is  difficult  to  estimate  the  field  of 
his  greatest  usefulness.  As  an  investiga- 
tor and  author  he  had  already  become  the 
authority  in  ornithology.  The  publication 
of  his  great  work  "The  Birds  of  North 
America"  (first  published  by  the  Govern- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


183 


ment  as  Vol.  IX  of  the  "Report  of  Explora- 
tions and  Surveys  to  ascertain  the  most 
practicable  and  economical  route  for  a 
Railroad  from  the  Mississippi  River  to  the 
Pacific  Ocean"),  is  regarded  "as  the  begin- 
ning of  the  so  called  "Bairdian  Period  of 
American  Ornithology,"  and  excited  an  in- 
fluence more  widely  felt,  even,  than  Audu- 
bon's and  Wilson's,  and  together  with  his 
subsequent  publications,  made  a  profound 
impression  on  European  ornithologists.  In 
other  departments  of  zoology  he  was  al- 
most equally  influential.  In  his  official  po- 
sition he  was  ever  alert  in  promoting  scien- 
tific investigation.  Experts  were  attached 
to  government  exploring,  surveying  and 
railroad  expeditions,  and  naval  cruises,  and 
thoughtfully  equipped  for  the  acquisition 
of  information  and  material.  With  the  vast 
accumulations  resulting  from  these,  he  pro- 
jected a  National  Museum  building,  and 
got  for  it  the  favorable  consideration  of 
Congress.  The  attention  of  Congress 
having  been  called  to  the  decline  in  the 
production  of  the  fisheries,  it  authorized  the 
appointment  of  a  Commissioner  of  Fish- 
eries of  approved  scientific  and  practical 
acquaintance  with  the  fishes  of  the  coast  to 
prosecute  investigations  into  the  causes  and 
to  report  measures  for  adoption.  He  was 
at  once  appointed  by  President  Grant  and 
confirmed  by  the  Senate,  in  1871.  Labor- 
atories were  established  and  vessels  fitted 
up  for  investigation,  and  in  a  few  years  he 
brought  together  the  largest  body  of  facts 
relating  to  fish  and  fisheries  ever  prepared 
or  digested  for  such  purposes  by  any  in- 
dividual or  organization,  and  was  "recog- 
nized by  experts  of  foreign  countries  with 
one  accord,  as  the  most  eminent  living  au- 
thority on  economic  ichthyology."  The 
biological  laboratory  at  Wood's  Holl,  under 
him  became  the  greatest  in  the  world.  He 
edited  for  seven  years  the  "Annual  Record 
of  Science  and  Industry,"  and  the  scien- 


tific columns  of  many  leading  periodicals. 
He  was  always  on  call  of  the  government. 
He  was  advisory  counsel  at  the  Halifax 
Fishery  Commission  in  1877.  His  multi- 
farious occupations  gave  him  but  little  time 
for  rest.  As  director  of  the  United  States 
National  Museum,  secretary  of  the  Smith- 
sonian Institute,  and  United  States  Com- 
missioner of  Fish  and  Fisheries  he  per- 
formed the  labors  of  three  more  than  ordi- 
nary men.  He  worked  easily  and  system- 
atically, and  enjoyed  his  work,  but  even  his 
strong  physique,  developed  by  early  out-door 
pursuits  combined  with  great  capacity  for 
work,  at  last  gave  away  under  the  demands 
made  upon  him,  and  especially  under  the 
great  responsibility  attached  to  his  several 
official  positions.  At  the  urgent  advice  of 
his  physician  he  agreed  to  take  needed  rest. 
He  spent  his  last  ten  months  at  Wood's 
Holl,  where  he  died  August  19th,  1887.  A 
few  days  before  his  death  he  was  wheeled 
through  the  laboratories  he  had  built  up, 
interested  in  everything  around  him.  Per- 
sonally, Professor  Baird  was  physically 
above  the  usual  stature.  He  was  of  a  mod- 
est, retiring,  almost  difficult  disposition.  He 
seldom,  if  ever,  made  a  formal  address  or 
set  speech.  But  when  occasion  arose,  clear 
in  presentation  of  a  case,  fortified  with  a 
complete  knowledge  of  his  subject,  with 
consummate  tact,  in  a  conversational  way, 
he  generally  carried  conviction,  without  the 
graces  of  oratory.  His  success  in  carrying 
through  his  great  plans  was  due  in  great 
degree  to  his  remarkable  ability  in  that  re- 
spect. In  his  relations  with  others  he  was 
eminently  fair  and  honorable.  No  one  as- 
sociated with  him,  ever  felt  that  he  did  not 
receive  his  full  share  of  credit.  He  was 
unselfish  in  the  highest  degree,  often  per- 
forming work  of  the  highest  character 
without  remuneration.  His  name  attached 
to  any  enterprise  was  sufficient  guarantee 
of  its  honorable  character.  He  could  not  be 


1 84 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


drawn  into  personal  controversy.  As  his 
own  knowledge  in  many  fields,  vast  as  it 
was,  was  in  so  great  a  measure  the  result 
of  his  own  investigations,  he  sympathized 
with  the  spirit  of  investigation  in  others, 
and  was  always  accessible  to  any  one,  how- 
ever humble,  who  could  be  aided  by  advice 
or  information.  As  recreation  this  busy 
man  enjoyed  lighter  fiction  and  juvenile 
stories.  He  is  survived  by  a  wife  and 
daughter. 

For  further  details  reference  is  made  to 
the  Biography,  one  of  the  United  States 
Museum  publications,  in  which  may  be 
found  a  complete  bibliography  of  his  writ- 
ings comprising  more  than  looo  titles,  the 
names  of  societies,  American  and  foreign, 
of  which  he  was  an  active  or  honorary 
member,  of  honorary  degrees  conferred 
and  of  the  decorations  bestowed  upon  him 
by  foreign  governments. 

MOLLY  PITCHER.  The  simple  ac- 
count of  a  picturesque  historic 
incident,  especially  if  invested  with  the 
romantic  interest  a  woman's  participa- 
tion imparts,  often  becomes  rapidly  en- 
crusted with  so  many  traditional  varia- 
tions in  details,  which  obscure  the 
basis  of  historic  truth,  that  the  in- 
credulous are  inclined  to  regard  the 
whole  story  as  one  of  those  pleasing  myths 
that  often  embellish  sober  history.  Such  is 
the  story  of  Molly  Pitcher,  the  heroine  of 
the  battle  of  Monmouth.  But  in  Carlisle, 
from  which  place  she  went,  to  which  she 
returned  after  the  war,  where  she  died 
among  her  descendants  and  where  she  is 
buried,  there  is  no  doubt  about  the  leading 
facts  of  her  life.  The  Molly  Pitcher,  of 
Lossing,  the  heroine  of  Ft.  Washington, 
buried  along  the  Hudson,  is  a  different  in- 
dividual though  frequently  confounded  with 
the  heroine  of  Monmouth.  The  substan- 
tial facts  seem  to  be:  that  during  the  battle 


of  Monmouth,  June  28th,  1778,  lasting 
through  "one  of  the  hottest  days  ever 
known,"  when  soldiers  were  dying  of  heat 
and  thirst,  the  wife  of  John  Hays,  a  ser- 
geant of  artillery,  was  carrying  water  in  a 
pitcher  to  the  thirsty  soldiers,  who  called 
her  familiarly,  by  reason  of  this  grateful  ser- 
vice, Molly  Pitcher.  Her  husband  during 
the  battle  was  struck  down  insensible,  but 
not  killed  as  is  frequently  stated,  and  the 
piece  was  ordered  to  be  withdrawn.  She 
at  once  stepped  to  the  front,  seized  the 
rammer  and  continued  to  assist  in  serving 
the  piece  effectively  till  the  close  of  the  bat- 
tle. Tradition,  among  other  things,  says 
that  the  attention  of  General  Washington 
was  attracted  by  her  and  he  complimented 
her  and  made  her  a  sergeant  on  the  spot 
and  that  the  soldiers  thereafter  called  her  ser- 
geant or  Major  Molly.  At  all  events  her 
husband  recovered  and  she  continued  with 
him  in  the  army,  nursing  the  sick  and 
wounded  and  making  herself  generally  use- 
ful. At  the  close  of  the  war  she  returned 
with  him  to  Carlisle,  where  he  shortly  after- 
ward died.  She  was  then  married  to  John 
McCauly,  a  friend  and  fellow  soldier  of  her 
husband.  He  did  not  live  very  long  and 
their  marriage  was  not  a  very  happy  one. 
She  survived  her  husband  many  years, 
known  of  course  as  Molly  McCauly,  and 
the  statements  so  frequently  made  that 
Molly  Pitcher  was  a  young  Irish  woman, 
originated  doubtless,  from  this  name  derived 
from  her  second  marriage.  The  fact  is  she 
was  of  good  Pennsylvania-German  stock. 
Her  maiden  name,  Mary  Ludwig,  would 
almost  justify  this  statement;  but,  in  addi- 
tion, her  grand-daughter,  Polly  McClees- 
ter,  who  knew  her  well,  when  it  was  sug- 
gested, that  she  was  Irish,  replied  indig- 
nantly: "No,  she  was  Dutch  as  sauer 
krout;  her  maiden  name  was  Mary  Lud- 
wig!" Her  first  husband,  John  Hays,  was 
a  barber  in  Carlisle  at  the  outbreak  of  the 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


185 


war,  and  enlisted  there  in  the  artillery. 
She  soon  joined  him  in  the  field  at  his  re- 
quest, and  with  the  permission  of  Colonel 
Proctor,  commanding  the  regiment.  They 
had  been  married  several  years  before.  As 
a  girl  of  about  20,  she  had  been  "hired"  in 
the  family  of  Gen.  William  Irwin,  of  Car- 
lisle, and  her  grand-daughter  recollected  an 
account  given  her  of  the  short  and  amusing 
courtship,  commenced  whilst  she  was 
sweeping  in  front  of  the  Irwin  home,  in  her 
short  gown  and  petticoat.  She  was  still 
with  the  Irwin  family  at  the  outbreak  of  the 
war.  After  the  war  she  lived  in  the  family 
of  Dr.  George  D.  Foulke,  and  served  other 
families  in  Carlisle.  The  notice  of  her 
death  in  the  "Volunteer"  states:  "For  up- 
wards of  forty  years  she  resided  in  this  bor- 
ough, and  was  during  that  time  recognized 
as  an  honest,  obliging  and  industrious 
woman."  In  person,  it  is  said,  by  those 
who  remembered  her,  she  was  not  very  at- 
tractive. She  was  rather  short  and  mascu- 
line in  appearance  and  manner,  but  kind- 
hearted  and  helpful  to  the  sick  and  needy. 
Her  descendants,  all  by  her  first  husband, 
have  been  highly  respectable  citizens.  Her 
son,  John  L.  Hays,  the  middle  initial  being 
that  of  his  mother's  maiden  name,  was  ser- 
geant in  the  old  infantry  company  of  Car- 
lisle, and  was  in  the  war  of  1812.  He  died 
in  Carlisle  about  1853  and  was  buried  with 
the  honors  of  war,  the  band  of  music  and  a 
large  escort  of  U.  S.  troops  having  been 
furnished  by  Capt.  May,  then  commanding 
at  the  U.  S.  Barracks.  His  sons,  John  and 
Frederick,  lived  in  Carlisle,  the  former  be- 
ingstreet  commissioner  in  1883.  His  daugh- 
ter, Polly  McCleester,  lived  at  Papertown, 
Mt.  Holly  Springs.  She  remembered  her 
grandmother  very  well,  and  in  her  8ist 
year  unveiled  the  monument  to  her  erected 
in  the  old  cemetery  at  Carlisle.  It  bears  the 
following  inscription: 


MOLLY  McCAULY, 

Renowned  in  History  as 

MOLLY  PITCHER, 

The  Heroine  of  Monmouth, 

Died  Jan.  1833, 

Aged  79  years. 
Erected  by  the  Citizens  of 
Cumberland  County, 
July  4,  1876. 
She  died  in  Carhsle,  Jan.  22,  1832,  nearly 
ninety  years  old.  The  date  of  her  death  on 
the  monument  is  unaccountably  incorrect. 
Various  statements  are  made  in  regard  to 
the  recognition  accorded  her  by  the  Gov- 
ernment. The  following  extract  from  the 
American  Volunteer,  Feb.  21,  1822,  under 
head  of  "Legislature  of  Pennsylvania"  not 
only  shows  what  was  done  by  the  State,  but, 
also  incidentally,  shows  that  by  common 
consent,  at  a  time  when  many  were  living 
who  could  have  disputed  the  facts,  the  gen- 
eral statements  in  regard  to  her  history 
were  accepted:  It  is  credited  to  the 
Flarrisburg  Chronicle  as  follows:  "A  bill 
has  passed  both  Houses  of  the  Assem- 
bly granting  an  annuity  to  Molly  Mc- 
Cauly  (of  Carhsle)  for  services  she  rendered 
during  the  Revolutionary  war.  It  appeared 
satisfactorily  that  this  heroine  had  braved 
the  hardships  of  the  camp  and  dangers  of 
the  field  with  her  husband,  who  was  a  sold- 
ier of  the  revolution,  and  the  bill  in  her 
favor  passed  without  a  dissenting  voice. — 
Chronicle."  According  to  the  records  at 
Flarrisburg,  no  application  was  made  for 
this  pension  after  Jan.  ist,  1832,  a  fact,  if 
any  were  needed,  corroborative  of  1832  as 
the  year  of  her  death.  The  foregoing  state- 
ments are  believed  to  be  reliable.  They  are 
based  mainly  upon  exhaustive  investiga- 
tions of  that  painstaking  and  authoritative 
local  historian.  Rev.  J.  A.  Murray,  D.  D., 
and  include  the  results  of  personal  inter- 
views with  many  who  were  acquainted  with 
the  heroine. 


i86 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


THEODORE  G.  WORMLEY,  M.  D., 
PH.  D.,  LL.  D.  This  eminent 
professor  and  scientist  was  born  at  Worm- 
leysburg,  Cumberland  county,  in  1826.  His 
ancestors  came  from  Germany  about  1753. 
His  youth  was  spent  in  CarHsle.  He  entered 
Dickinson  College,  but  left  it  after  a  few 
years,  before  graduation,  to  enter  upon  his 
medical  studies  in  Philadelphia  Medical 
College,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in 
1849.  ■'^t  Carlisle  he  was  brought  into  as- 
sociation with  Spencer  F.  Baird,  resident  in 
Carlisle,  and  part  of  the  time  professor  in 
Dickinson  College,  then  in  the  early  flush 
of  his  scientific  activity  and  already  well 
known.  Young  Wormley  accompanied 
him  on  many  of  his  scientific  excursions, 
and  the  intimate  friendship  then  formed 
survived  into  the  whole  after  life  of  these 
eminent  men.  In  August,  1850,  after  a  year 
spent  in  Carlisle,  Dr.  Wormley  began  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  In 
1852  he  became  Professor  of  Chemistry  and 
Natural  Science  in  Capitol  University,  Col- 
umbus, and  continued  in  that  position  until 
1865.  In  1854  he  was  also  appointed  to  the 
chair  of  Chemistry  and  Toxicology  in  Starl- 
ing Medical  College,  in  the  same  place, 
which  he  filled  until  his  election,  June  5th, 
1877,  to  the  chair  of  Chemistry  and  Toxico- 
logy in  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  which  he  occupied 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  January  6th,  1S97. 
During  his  residence  in  Columbus  he  had 
also  filled  the  responsible  position  of  State 
Gas  Commissioner  of  Ohio  for  eight  years, 
from  1867,  and  State  Chemist  of  the  Ohio 
Geological  Survey  from  1869  until  the  com- 
pletion of  the  survey  in  1874.  He  was  a 
member  of  many  scientific  bodies  including 
the  American  Philosophical  Society  of  Phil- 
adelphia, American  Chemical  Society,  of 
which  he  was  one  of  the  vice  presidents  in 
1879,  American  Meteorological  Society, 
corresponding  member  of  the  New  York 


Medico-Legal  Society,  Fellow  of  the  Amer- 
ican Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  and  also  of  the  Chemical  Society 
of  London.  Among  the  honorary  degrees 
conferred  upon  him  were  those  of  Ph.  D. 
by  Dickinson  College,  LL.  D.  by  Marietta 
College,  Ph.  D.  by  Pennsylvania  College. 
He  was  a  frequent  contributor  of  articles 
of  high  scientific  value,  embodying  the 
methods  and  results  of  original  investiga- 
tions, especially  in  toxicology.  In  1876  he 
delivered  a  very  able  address  on  "American 
Chemical  Contributions  to  the  Medical  Pro- 
gress of  the  Century"  before  the  Interna- 
tional Congress  in  Philadelphia.  His  great 
work  is  the  "Micro-Chemistry  of  Poisons," 
a  large  and  exhaustive  treatise,  upon  an 
original  plan,  and  a  standard  authority 
throughout  the  world.  The  microscopic  il- 
lustrations accompanying  the  work  were 
drawn  from  nature  under  the  microscope  by 
his  wife,  and,  from  their  nature  and  the  ex- 
quisite character  of  the  drawing,  it  was 
given  as  the  opinion  of  experts  in  engrav- 
ing that  only  the  one  who  had  made  the 
drawing  could  satisfactorily  transfer  them 
to  steel,  and  it  almost  seemed  that  this  es- 
sential feature  of  the  book  would  have  to  be 
abandoned;  whereupon  Mrs.  Wormley  took 
up  and  learned  the  art  of  steel-engraving, 
and  acquired  such  skill  that  the  engravings 
are  the  admiration  of  experts  for  their 
technical  excellence,  and  the  accuracy  with 
which  the  minute  and  exquisite  details  of 
the  drawings  have  been  rendered.  She 
must  be  numbered  among  the  remarkable 
women  of  America,  in  a  field  almost 
wholly  her  own.  The  book  is  dedicated  to 
her  with  exquisite  taste  and  tenderness.  As 
a  scientific  expert,  Dr.  Wormley,  was  en- 
gaged in  most  of  the  famous  medico-legal 
cases  of  the  past  quarter  of  a  century,  and 
it  is  difficult  to  determine  which  is  most 
worthy  of  admiration,  his  full  and  minute 
knowledge   of  the   subject   and   ability   to 


NiN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


187 


present  it  clearly,  or  his  conscientious  de- 
votion to  truth  and  freedom  from  bias.  As 
a  professor  he  was  a  most  successful 
teacher.  Personally  modest  and  unassura- 
ing  he  was  deeply  respected  by  his  col- 
leagues, and  the  students,  and  by  all  who 
came  into  intimate  contact  with  him,  and 
he  had  many  warmly  attached  personal 
friends.  His  wife,  who  survives  him,  was  a 
daughter  of  John  L.  Gill,  of  Columbus, 
Ohio.  He  left  two  daughters,  the  one  wife 
of  Dr.  John  Marshall,  Dean  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Medicine  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  the  other  Miss  Theodora 
B.  Wormley. 

REV.  CHARLES  NISBET,  D.  D.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  in  1783,  a  second 
college  in  Pennsylvania  was  founded  at 
Carlisle,  and  named  after  John  Dickinson, 
then  Governor  of  the  State  and  a  liberal 
benefactor  of  the  college.  The  Rev.  Charles 
Nisbet,  of  Montrose,  Scotland,  one  of  the 
most  learned,  popular  and  influential  di- 
vines of  his  country  was  called  to  the  "Prin- 
cipalship"  or  presidency  of  the  new  college. 
He  was  born  at  Haddington,  Scotland.  Jan. 
2 1st,  1736,  had  supported  himself  through 
his  course  at  Edinburgh  University  by 
teaching,  and  during  the  subsequent  six 
years  of  his  Theological  course  by  editorial 
work  on  a  popular  magazine.  Licensed  to 
preach  at  24  years  of  age,  he  was  called  to 
Montrose  a  few  years  afterward,  and  soon 
became  widelv  known  outside  of  his  con- 
gregation for  his  vast  learning  and  his  abil- 
itv  and  fearlessness  in  the  discussion  of  the 
leading  questions  of  that  day.  His  estimable 
social  qualities  attracted  to  him  a  large  cir- 
cle of  devoted  personal  friends,  among 
whom  were  many  of  the  most  influential 
men  of  his  country.  It  seems  at  first  sieht 
almost  unaccountable  that  he  should  have 
even  considered  a  proposition  that  involved 
the    relinquishment    of    his    congenial    lit- 


erary and  social  surroundings  and  assured 
position  for  the  presidency  of  a  college  on 
the  border  of  a  sparsely  settled  country, 
with  its  plans  on  paper  and  its  revenues  on 
promises.  Two  factors  seem  to  have  been 
potent  in  influencing  him.  During  the  war 
his  svmpathy  with  the  colonists  had  been 
earnest  and  outspoken.  On  an  occasion  of 
a  Fast-day  sermon  the  town  council  of 
Montrose  had  felt  constrained  to  leave  the 
church  in  a  body  during  his  introductory 
remarks,  and  were  followed  by  the  remark, 
with  outstretched  finger,  "The  wicked  flee 
when  no  man  pursueth."  To  his  mind  the 
"formative  condition  of  America,"  now  free, 
"with  the  minds  of  the  people  free  from  the 
shackles  of  authority,"  presented  a  fascinat- 
ing picture  of  possibilities.  But  there  was 
needed  in  addition  the  persistent  urgency 
and  the  ardent  and  eloquent  persuasive- 
ness of  Dr.  Benj.  Rush  with  all  the  high 
coloring  imparted  to  the  prospects  of  the 
new  college  by  his  sanguine  temperament, 
to  fix  the  decision  of  Dr.  Nisbet.  Whilst 
a  student  at  Edinburgh,  Dr.  Rush  had 
made  the  acquaintance  of  Dr.  Nisbet  and 
knew  well  his  high  standing  at  home. 

After  a  voyage  of  47  days  from  Greenock, 
he  arrived,  with  his  family,  June  9th,  1785. 
at  Philadelphia.  For  several  weeks  he  was 
there  the  guest  of  Dr.  Rush,  and  received 
marked  attention  from  the  leading  citizens. 
He  arrived  at  Carlisle  on  the  Fourth  of 
July,  and  was  met  by  a  troop  of  horse,  and 
escorted  to  the  town.  He  entered  next  day 
upon  his  position.  But  a  severe  illness, 
shortlv  afterward,  of  himself  and  the  mem- 
bers of  his  family,  which  he  regarded  as 
the  efifect  of  the  climate,  "especially  of  the 
great  heats  beyond  the  conception  of  any 
who  has  not  felt  them,"  led  him  to  resign 
in  the  fall,  and  to  prepare  to  return  to  Scot- 
land. Unable,  or  unwilling,  to  attempt  a 
winter  passage,  with  the  return  of  spring 
and  with  improved  health,  he  accepted  a  re- 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


election  to  the  presidency  of  the  college, 
in  which  he  continued  with  unimpaired 
health  until  his  death.  His  labors  in  con- 
nection with  the  position  were  prodigious. 
As  President  he  was  also  professor  of 
Moral  Science,  but  in  order  to  bring  the 
college  nearer  to  his  ideal,  he  delivered  at 
the  same  time  lectures  on  Moral  Philoso- 
phy, Logic,  Philosophy  of  the  Mind,  and 
Belles  Lettres,  and  upon  request  of  a  class 
added  a  fifth  on  Systematic  Theology,  em- 
bracing 418  lectures,  and  extending 
through  two  years.  At  the  request  of  the 
Trustees,  he  traveled  over  different  sections 
of  Pennsylvania  and  the  adjoining  States, 
for  the  most  part  in  the  saddle,  to  excite  in- 
terest in  the  college  and  solicit  funds.  At 
the  same  time  he  filled  the  pulpit  of  the 
Presbyterian  church  in  CarHsle  alternately 
with  Dr.  Davidson.  Under  manifold  diffi- 
culties and  discouragements  of  the  most 
varied  character,  for  nineteen  years,  he 
conducted  the  college,  part  of  the  time  in  a 
"Shabby  small  building  fronting  on  an  al- 
ley," according  to  Chief  Justice  Taney,  a 
student  at  the  time,  part  of  the  time  in  Bar- 
racks, erected  by  the  captured  Hessians, 
belonging  to  the  government.  The  high 
character  of  the  man,  in  spite  of  all  the  de- 
ficiencies of  the  new  institution,  attracted 
to  it  the  sympathy  and  active  interest  of 
friends  of  higher  educaton,  as  well  as  stu- 
dents from  all  parts  of  the  country.  The 
long  roll  of  prominent  men,  especially  in 
the  Presbyterian  church,  who  were  in- 
structed and  inspired  by  contact  with  him 
attested  the  permanence  of  the  impression 
made  by  him.  His  death,  at  the  age  of  68 
years,  occurred  Jan.  i8th,  1804,  after  an  ill- 
ness of  a  few  days,  resulting  from  a  heavy 
cold.  He  lies  buried  in  the  Old  Grave  Yard 
at  Carlisle,  and  his  monument  bears  a 
lengthy  epitaph  in  Latin  by  Dr.  Mason,  one 
of  his  successors.     Anywhere  Dr.   Nisbet 


would  have  been  regarded  as  a  remarkable 
man.  He  was  at  home  in  all  branches  of 
human  learning.  He  was  an  omnivorous 
reader  and  seemed  to  forget  nothing.  He 
had  the  use  of  at  least  nine  languages,  and 
was  familiar  with  the  whole  range  of  classi- 
cal literature.  Whilst  in  Europe,  he  was 
regarded  as  one  of  its  best  Greek  scholars. 
Pie  could  repeat  whole  books  of  Homer, 
and  the  whole  of  the  Aeneid,  and  it  is  said 
frequently  heard  recitations  in  the  classics 
without  a  text-book.  As  a  speaker  he  was 
said  to  be  fluent  and  remarkably  clear,  dir- 
ect, and  unaffected.  He  never  used  aids 
of  any  kind  in  the  pulpit.  He  was  unriv- 
alled in  wit  and  humor  and  when  he  chose 
scathing  in  sarcasm.  In  discipline  of  stu- 
dents he  is  said  to  have  relied  rather  upon 
the  latter  than  upon  college  law.  Physically 
he  was  rather  below  middle  stature,  slender 
and  agile.  It  is  said,  that  he  frequently 
walked  twenty  or  thirty  miles  on  a  winter 
morning,  before  breakfest,  without  painful 
effort.  In  later  Hfe  he  became  corpulent, 
but  retained  his  activity  to  an  advanced  age. 
The  horrors  of  the  French  Revolution 
combined  with  disappointed  expectations 
in  some  directions,  imparted  a  tinge  of  an- 
ti-republican pessimism  to  his  sentiments 
which  cropped  out  at  times  in  his  lectures, 
but  according  to  Judge  Taney  the  high  re- 
gard for  the  man  restrained  the  young  re- 
publicans of  that  day  from  what  might 
have  been  open  rebellion  with  any  other 
professor,  whilst  they  simply  omitted  the 
offensive  passages  from  their  notes. 

The  only  son  that  survived  him,  Alex- 
ander Nisbet,  was  for  many  years  a  judge 
in  Baltimore,  Md.  His  eldest  daughter, 
Mary,  was  married  to  William  Turnbull, 
Esq.,  to  whom  there  were  nine  children. 
Their  only  son,  Samuel,  became  a  Bishop 
of  the  Episcopal  church,  their  daughter, 
Mary,  was  married  to  Rev.  Erskine  Mason, 
D.  D.,  of  New  York,  the  younger  daugh- 


WILLIAM    D.   HIMES 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


ter,    Allison,    was    married    to    Professor 
Charles  D.  Cleveland. 

REV.  JOSEPH  ALEXANDER  MUR- 
RAY, D.  D.  Born  at  Carlisle,  Pa., 
Oct.  2,  1815.  His  father,  George  Murray, 
born  near  Fort  Pitt,  March  17,  1762,  was 
the  first  white  child  born  within  the  limits 
of  Pittsburg.  He  settled  at  an  early  date 
in  Carlisle,  where  he  died  at  the  age  of  94. 
He  married  JMiss  Denny,  a  daughter  of 
William  and  Agnes  Denny,  and  sister  of 
Major  Ebenezer  Denny,  of  Revolutionary 
fame.  Joseph  Alexander,  the  youngest  of 
five  children,  prepared  for  college  in  Car- 
lisle and  was  graduated  in  1837  from  the 
Western  University  of  Pennsylvania  at 
Pittsburg,  and  in  1840  from  the  Western 
Theological  Seminary  in  Allegheny.  Dur- 
ing his  residence  in  Pittsburg  he  was  a 
member  of  the  household  of  Hon.  Harmar 
Denny,  long  the  representative  in  Congress 
from  this  district,  and  prominent  in  nation- 
al politics.  In  1840  he  was  hcensed  to 
preach  by  the  Presbytery  of  Ohio,  which 
embraced  Pittsburg,  and  received  a  call  to 
preach  at  Marion,  Ohio,  where  he  preached 
six  months.  During  a  visit  to  his  eastern 
home  he  received  and  accepted  a  call  to  the 
united  congregation  of  Monaghan  (Dills- 
burg)  and  Petersburg,  Pa.,  which  he 
served  for  18  years,  when  he  resigned  on 
account  of  impaired  health  and  removed 
to  Carlisle.  Although  his  heahh  greatly 
improved  he  did  not  feel  free  to  assume 
the  responsibility  of  a  charge.  He  was, 
however,  almost  equally  active  in  all  church 
work,  preaching  frequently,  serving  as 
commissioner  to  the  General  Assembly  in 
1844,  1861,  1865,  and  as  Moderator  of  his 
Synod,  and  member  of  important  commit- 
tees. Besides  his  interest  in  church  affairs, 
his  scholarly  habits  and  tastes  asserted 
themselves  in  a  variety  of  directions.  His 
fondness  for  antiquarian  research  led  to  the 


accumulation  of  much  information  and  of 
much  documentary  material  of  great  value. 
He  rescued  many  papers  of  great  interest 
in  national  and  State  history.  So  well  were 
his  resources  of  information  and  document- 
ary evidence  in  these  respects  known,  that 
not  only  by  personal  interviews,  but  by 
correspondence  that  grew  to  be  voluminous 
in  recent  years,  information  was  solicited 
on  many  points,  and  his  well  known  pains- 
taking accuracy  gave  to  his  statements  a 
lecognized  authority.  All  information  was 
cheerfully  given  and  without  reserve.  He 
was  a  frequent  contributor  to  literary,  his- 
torical, and  religious  periodicals  and  a 
number  of  his  public  addresses  were  pub- 
lished. He  was  in  every  way  a  useful  and 
public  spirited  citizen.  His  alma  mater 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  D.  D. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Historical  Society 
of  Pennsylvania,  of  the  American  Philoso- 
phical Society  of  Philadelphia,  correspond- 
ing member  of  the  Numismatic  and  Anti- 
quarian Society  of  Philadelphia,  and  of 
numerous  cognate  local  organizations.  He 
was  a  director  of  the  Western  Theological 
Seminary,  and  at  his  decease  a  large  part 
of  his  valuable  library  was  given,  by  his 
daughter,  to  that  institution,  in  which,  by 
the  gift  of  $3,000,  he  had  previously 
founded  a  scholarship.  He  was  married 
April  25,  1843,  to  Ann  Hays  Blair,  daugh- 
ter of  Anderson  Blair,  a  very  prominent 
citizen  of  Carlisle.  She  died  1875,  leaving 
an  only  child,  Mary  E.,  wife  of  Professor 
Charles  F.  Himes,  Ph.  D.  In  January,  1879, 
he  married  Miss  Lydia  S.  Foster,  of  Phila- 
delphia, who  survives  him. 

WILLIAM  DANIEL  HIMES.  Born 
at  New  Oxford,  Pa.,  May  29th, 
181 2,  where  he  passed  the  greater  part  of 
his  life,  and  died  Jan.  nth,  1896.  He  was 
an  excellent  representative  of  the  oldest 
Pennsylvania-German   stock.      His   great- 


13 


190 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


grandfather,  William  Heim,  came  from  the 
Palatinate,  by  way  of  Rotterdam,  in  the 
ship  "Thistle  of  Glasgow"  from  that  port, 
in  1730.  Plis  grandmother,  Francis  Himes, 
(Heim)  born  in  Hanover,  Pa.,  in  1737,  re- 
sided there,  where  he  kept  an  inn  and  car- 
ried on  a  small  farm  and  oil-mih,  and  died 
1811,  possessed  of  a  considerable  estate, 
including  a  "boy  Billy,  of  color,"  left  at 
disposal  of  his  wife.  His  son  George,  the 
sixth  of  eight  children,  born  Dec.  16,  1775, 
in  Hanover,  married,  1809,  Helen  Catherine, 
daughter  of  Daniel  and  Susan  (Eichelber- 
ger)  Barnitz.  The  former  was  a  brother  of 
General  Jacob  Barnitz,  of  York,  and  served 
through  the  Revolutionary  War  as  fife- 
major.  He  purchased  in  1810  the  first  es- 
tablished and  well  known  "Dutch"  Freder- 
ick's Tavern  Stand  at  Oxford,  on  the 
route  between  Pittsburg  and  the  Susque- 
hanna, which  he  conducted  until  1828,  and 
was  afterward  occupied  with  his  large 
business  interests  in  this  and  the  adjoining 
counties.  He  was  commissioned  by  the 
Governor  a  colonel  in  the  militia,  a  title  by 
which  he  was  generally  known.  He  died 
in  New  Oxford  in  1850.  The  son,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  was  the  second  of  eight 
children.  The  oldest,  Charles  F.,  graduated 
with  great  credit  at  Dickinson  College  in 
1829,  read  law  with  Thaddeus  Stevens,  but 
died  before  entering  upon  the  practice  of 
the  profession.  William  manifested  a  de- 
cided disposition  for  active  business.  He 
learned  the  trade  of  tanning,  working  first 
in  Hanover,  then  in  York,  and  subsequent- 
ly in  Philadelphia  and  becoming  an  expert 
in  leathers  of  highest  grade.  He  was  not 
apprenticed  as  was  usual  in  those  days,  and 
never  carried  on  the  business  of  tanning. 
In  1835  he  made  an  extended  trip  on  horse- 
back through  the  far  west  as  far  as  Chi- 
cago, then  little  more  than  a  trading  post, 
at  which  a  treaty  with  the  Pottawatamies 
was  then  made.    On  his  return  to  the  east 


he  engaged  in  merchandizing  in  Inter- 
course, Lancaster  county,  for  a  few  years, 
when  he  returned  to  New  Oxford  to  assist 
his  father.  Col.  George  Himes,  in  the  man- 
agement of  his  growing  business  interest. 
Here,  as  opportunity  offered,  he  soon  ex- 
hibited remarkable  business  aptitude,  sound 
judgment,  and  promptness  of  decision  in 
enterprises  of  the  most  honest  character. 
Especially  expert  in  estimating  the  value 
of  real-estate  he  was  a  frequent  purchaser 
on  a  large  scale,  in  this  and  the  adjoining 
counties,  and  at  one  time  a  large  owner. 
For  a  number  of  years  he  was  the  principal 
partner  in  operating  Margaretta  Furnace 
and  Foundry  in  York  County,  and  pur- 
chased that  property  with  its  ore-banks, 
flouring  mill,  furnace,  foundry  and  wood- 
stock  forge  of  his  father's  estate,  and  the 
Hahns  of  York,  and  retained  possession  of 
a  large  part  of  it  at  his  decease,  although 
the  iron  works  were  dismantled  many  years 
ago  as  out  of  competition  with  those  in 
favorable  localities.  For  more  than  50 
years  he  was  director  of  the  Gettysburg 
Bank,  since  1866  a  National  Bank,  and  was 
its  vice  president  from  1884  to  the  time  of 
his  decease,  for  a  considerable  time  with 
the  responsibilities  of  president.  He  was  ac- 
tive, with  his  father,  in  establishing  the  Car- 
lisle Deposit  Bank,  at  Carlisle,  Pa.  For 
forty  years  he  was  director  in  the  York  and 
Gettysburg  Turnpike  Co.,  and  for  many 
years  President  of  the  Gettysburg  &  Pet- 
ersburg Turnpike  Co.,  and  there  was  hard- 
ly a  business  enterprise  in  his  section  with 
which  he  was  not  in  some  degree  identified 
He  was  characterized  not  more  by  business 
ability  of  a  high  order,  than  by  his  absolute 
integrity  and  high  sense  of  business  honor 
and  all  his  intercourse.  As  a  public  spir- 
ited citizen  he  supported  all  enterprises 
looking  to  the  development  of  the  com- 
munity. He  was  the  unswerving  sup- 
porter of  Thaddeus  Stevens  as  a  representa- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


191 


live  from  Adams  county  in  his  advocacy  of 
the  common  school  system,  and  his  father 
gave  the  lot  for  the  erection  of  the  first 
common  school  in  the  township,  and  the 
son  was  for  many  years  the  leading  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Directors.  His  inti- 
mate personal  contact  with  Thaddeus 
Stevens,  as  an  active  and  influential  poli- 
tical friend,  as  well  as  his  intercourse  with 
him  as  the  trusted  attorney  and  partner  of 
his  father  in  many  business  matters,  con- 
tributed much  to  his  development  as  a 
business  man.  After  his  retirement  from 
more  active  business  he  was  still  an  inval- 
uable citizen  not  only  as  a  counsellor  in  all 
public  enterprises,  but  as  the  friend  of  the 
humblest  citizen,  to  whom  he  was  always 
freely  accessible.  He  died  Jan.  nth,  1869, 
in  his  84th  year,  after  confinement  to  the 
house  for  several  months,  by  weight  of 
years  rather  than  by  specific  disease,  with- 
out suffering,  in  the  full  enjoyment  of  all 
his  mental  faculties.  He  married,  in  1836, 
Magdalene,  daughter  of  Christian  Lanius, 
of  York,  whose  ancestors  also  came  from 
the  Palatinate  in  1731.  He  is  survived  by 
the  following  children:  Professor  Charles 
F.  Himes,  Carlisle,  Pa.;  Helen  A.,  widow 
of  Rev.  W.  H.  Keith,  Gettysburg;  Mary  E., 
wife  of  Professor  J.  W.  Kilpatrick,  Fayette, 
Missouri;  William  A.  Himes  and  Harriet 
O.  Himes,  New  Oxford,  Pa.  A  son,  James 
Lanius,  a  successful  lawyer  in  Minnea- 
polis, Minn.,  died  in  1881. 

MARTIN  CHRISTIAN  HERMAN. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  dis- 
tinctively a  representative  of  the  best  ele- 
ment of  Cumberland  county.  He  was 
born  February  14,  1841,  near  New  Kings- 
ton on  the  old  family  homestead,  pur- 
chased originally  by  his  great  grandfather, 
Martin  Herman,  who  came  from  Germany 
in  1754.  He  had  remained  several  years 
at  Philadelphia,  where  he  landed,  and  then 


removed  to  Lancaster  county,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  farming,  and  married  Miss  Anna 
Dorothea  Boerst.  In  1771  he  removed  to 
Cumberland  county  and  purchased  the 
homestead  where  he  died  in  1804,  aged  "jz 
years.  He  and  his  wife  were  members  of 
the  Lutheran  church.  They  had  four  sons 
and  four  daughters.  The  son  Christian, 
born  in  Lancaster  county  October  20th, 
1 76 1,  was  in  the  army  under  Washington, 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Germantown, 
the  privations  of  Valley  Forge,  and  the  en- 
gagements generally  of  this  part  of  the 
army,  and  was  present  at  the  surrender  at 
Yorktown.  He  was  a  farmer  and  married, 
in  1793,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Bowers,  of  York 
county,  also  a  member  of  the  Lutheran 
church.  He  died  October  23,  1829.  Eight 
of  their  children  lived,  and  had  families, 
among  them,  Martin,  born  July  10,  1801, 
on  the  old  homestead  which  he  inherited  by 
will  from  his  father.  Christian,  and  where 
he  died  May  22,  1872.  By  his  marriage  in 
February,  1827,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Wolford, 
born  in  York  county  in  1802,  he  had  six 
children,  among  them,  Martin  Christian, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He  worked  upon 
the  ancestral  farm  with  his  father  until  16 
years  of  age,  attending  school  in  the  win- 
ter, and  afterward  prepared  for  college  at 
the  well  known  academy,  in  charge  of  Geo. 
W.  Ruby,  at  York,  Pa.  He  entered  the 
Freshman  class  of  Dickinson  College  in 
September,  1858,  and  was  graduated  June 
26th,  1862.  During  his  college  course  he 
took  the  Silver  Junior  Prize  Medal  for  ora- 
tory, and  as  the  choice  of  his  fellow  stu- 
dents had  the  honor  to  deliver  the  76th  an- 
niversary oration  of  the  Belles  Lettres  So- 
ciety in  1862.  Before  graduation  in  Janu- 
ary, 1862,  he  had  registered  as  a  law  stu- 
dent with  B.  Mclntire  &  Son,  of  Perry 
county,  but  subsequently  with  William  H. 
Miller,  Esq.,  of  Carlisle,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  Cumberland  county,  January 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


13,  1864.  He  immediately  began  the  prac- 
tice of  law  at  Carlisle.  In  1874,  at  the 
early  age  of  34  years,  he  was  elected  presi- 
dent judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  District, 
then  composed  of  Cumberland  county,  and 
served  for  10  years  from  Jan.  ist,  1875.  He 
was  an  able  lawyer,  of  eminently  judicial 
mind  and  temperament  and  of  unimpeach- 
able integrity;  his  decisions  were  generally 
sound  and  seldom  reversed.  After  his  re- 
tirement from  the  bench  he  rapidly  acquired 
a  large  and  lucrative  practice,  the  result  of 
general  confidence  in  his  ability  as  a  lawyer 
and  his  integrity  as  a  man.  Whilst  engaged 
in  court  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis,  and 
died  after  an  illness  of  several  months.  He 
married  June  5th,  1873,  Miss  Josie  Adair,  a 
daughter  of  S.  Dunlap  Adair,  at  one  time 
a  leading  lawyer  of  the  Cumberland  county 
bar.  She  survives  him  with  four  children: 
Adair,  Henrietta  G.,  Joseph  B.,  and  Bessie 
H.;  the  first  is  a  graduate  of  his  fathers  al- 
ma mater  and  at  present  a  student  in  the 
Dickinson  School  of  Law. 

HON.  JAMES  SMITH.  Mr.  John 
Smith,  father  of  the  Hon.  James 
Smith,  was  born  and  educated  in  Ireland, 
in  which  country  he  was  a  respectable  and 
enterprising  farmer.  What  induced  him  to 
prefer  this  one  of  the  colonies,  was  that 
some  of  his  brothers  and  uncles  had  emi- 
grated hither  before  him,  having  come  over 
with  Penn  when  that  proprietor  first  visited 
this  province.  Those  of  his  relations  settled 
in  Chester  County  and  became  Quakers; 
their  descendants  still  live  in  that  county 
and  the  county  of  Lancaster. 

Mr.  John  Smith  proceeded  with  his  fam- 
ily to  Lancaster  County,  and  finally  settled 
west  of  the  Susquehanna  in  what  is  now 
York  County.  Here  he  continued  to  reside 
until  about  the  year  1761,  when  he  died  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Yorktown  at  an  ad- 
vanced age. 


James  Smith,  the  second  son  of  John  and 
the  subject  of  our  present  biography,  was 
aged  about  ten  years  when  he  came  with 
his  father  into  this  country.  He  resided  in 
the  paternal  mansion  for  some  years;  but 
when  his  brother  George  had  begun  to 
practice  law,  he  removed  to  Lancaster,  and 
commenced  in  his  office  the  study  of  the 
same  profession.  He  completed  his  law 
studies  under  the  tuition  of  his  brother,  at 
the  time  of  whose  death  he  was  aged  but 
twenty-one. 

Not  long  after  he  was  admitted  to  the 
practice  of  the  law,  he  removed  to  the 
neighborhood  of  the  place  where  Shippens- 
burg  now  stands  in  company  with  Mr.  Geo. 
Ross,  who  was  the  friend  and  companion 
of  Mr.  Smith  in  early  and  after  life.  The 
chief  occupation  of  Mr.  Smith  in  his  new 
abode  was  that  of  surveying;  though  when- 
ever occasion  offered,  he  gave  advice  on 
subjects  connected  with  his  profession.  Af- 
ter a  few  years  he  removed  to  the  town  of 
York,  where  he  made  his  permanent  home 
for  the  rest  of  his  life.  Here  he  commenced 
the  practice  of  the  law,  and  continued  in  it 
with  few  intermissions  until  near  the  time 
of  his  death. 

Hitherto  Mr.  Smith  had  led  a  single  life 
but  in  or  about  1760  he  married  Elea- 
nor Armor,  daughter  of  John  Armor,  who 
lived  near  New  Castle  in  Delaware,  and 
who  was  a  brother  of  Thomas  Armor,  a 
justice  and  surveyor  in  York  County  be- 
fore the  Revolution.  Eleanor,  at  the  age  of 
twenty-one,  came  to  reside  for  a  while  with 
her  uncle  in  York,  but  in  less  than  a  year 
after  her  arrival  she  was  wedded  to  one  of 
the  best  of  husbands. 

Mr.  Smith  began  about  this  time  to  have 
a  very  extensive  practice.  He  attended  the 
courts  of  all  the  neighboring  counties.  With 
no  other  events  in  his  life  than  those  which 
are  incident  to  most  gentlemen  of  his  pro- 
fession, he  continued  in  York  until  the  be- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


193 


ginning  of  the  Revolution.  But  here  it 
should  be  remarked  that  Mr.  Smith  was  for 
some  time  the  only  lawyer  in  York;  for 
though  Joseph  Yeates  and  other  lawyers  of 
the  neighboring  counties  did  much  business 
here,  yet  Mr.  Smith  had  (with  the  excep- 
tion of  perhaps  a  few  years)  no  brother  in 
the  law  that  resided  here.  When  Thomas 
Hartley,  afterward  colonel  in  the  Revolu- 
tion and  a  member  of  Congress,  com- 
menced practice  here  in  the  year  1759, 
there  were  but  two  lawyers  in  the  county 
of  York,  viz:  himself  and  Mr.  Smith. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  Revolution, 
Mr.  Smith  was  distinguished  as  one  of  the 
warmest  friends  of  our  liberties. 

In  1774  he  was  chosen  a  deputy  from  the 
county  of  York  to  attend  a  provincial  meet- 
ing at  the  city  of  Philadelphia  which  meet- 
ing began  on  the  1 5th  of  June  and  was  con- 
tinued by  adjournments  from  day  to  day. 
Mr.  Smith  was  one  of  those  who  were  ap- 
pointed by  this  meeting  or  rather  "com- 
mittee for  the  province  of  Pennsylvania." 
to  "prepare  and  bring  in  a  draught  of  in- 
structions to  the  representatives  in  assem- 
bly met." 

In  177s  he  was  elected  a  member  for 
York  County  in  the  "Provincial  Conven- 
tion for  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania  held 
at  Philadelphia,  January  23d,  and  continued 
by  adjournments  from  day  to  day  to  the 
28th."  In  the  same  year  he  received  a  mili- 
tary honor,  viz.,  the  appointment  of  col- 
onel. 

In  1779  he  was  deputed  by  the  committee 
of  York  County  "to  join  in  a  provincial 
conference  of  committees  of  the  Province 
of  Pennsylvania."  The  conference  was 
held  at  Philadelphia,  and  began  on  the  i8th 
of  June  and  ended  on  the  25th  of  the  same 
month.  In  the  same  year  (1776)  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  convention  for  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania,  which  commenced 
their  session  at  Philadelphia  on  the  15th  of 


June  and  ended  on  the  28th  of  September. 
This  convention  framed  the  first  constitu- 
tion of  the  commonwealth.  In  the  same 
year  (1776)  he  was  elected  a  delegate  from 
Pennsylvania  to  serve  in  the  Continental 
Congress,  at  which  time  he  signed  the 
Declaration  of  Independence. 

Mr.  Smith  was  hkewise  a  member  of 
Congress  in  the  year  1777-78.  When  Con- 
gress sat  in  York,  the  board  of  war  was 
held  in  his  law  office. 

After  the  cessation  of  his  Congressional 
labors  he  continued  to  reside  in  York,  and 
devoted  himself  with  great  success  to  the 
practice  of  law. 

In  October,  1780,  we  find  him  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania. 

Mr.  Smith  becoming  burthened  with  a 
weight  of  years,  and  having  a  sufficiency  of 
this  world's  goods,  relinquished  the  prac- 
tice of  law  in  1 80 1. 

An  event  happened  in  the  autumn  of 
1805  which  is  much  to  be  regretted,  viz.: 
the  destruction  of  his  office  by  fire.  His 
books  and  papers  of  business,  which  were 
on  the  lower  floor,  were  saved,  but  all  his 
numerous  private  papers,  which  were  in  the 
upper  part  of  the  building,  were  destroyed. 
Among  these  were  the  records  of  the  fam- 
ily and  manuscripts  of  his  own,  connected 
with  the  history  of  the  times,  and  numer- 
ous letters  from  Benjamin  Franklin,  Sam- 
uel Adams  and  many  other  men  distin- 
guished in  the  Revolutionary  history  of  our 
country.  Mr.  Smith  corresponded,  both 
during  and  after  the  Revolution,  with  many 
of  those  patriots  with  whom  he  had  been 
in  intimate  connection  while  a  member  of 
Congress,  etc.  As  their  letters  were  de- 
stroyed, the  burning  of  the  office  may  bo 
considered  a  public  loss. 

Mr.  Smith  employed  his  latter  days  in 
conversation  with  his  friends  and  in  review- 
ing and  re-perusing  those  works  which  had 
been  the  delight  of  his  youth.     In  view  of 


194 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


his  present  and  increasing  infirmities,  he 
made  his  will  April  25,  1806.  He  died  at 
his  house  in  York  on  July  11,  in  the  same 
year,  at  an  advanced  age. 

There  is  no  small  difference  of  opinion 
with  regard  to  the  age  of  Mr.  Smith.  His 
tombstone,  erected  by  his  son  James  in  the 
yard  at  the  English  Presbyterian  church  at 
York,  states  that  he  was  ninety-three  years 
old  at  the  time  of  his  death.  Many  of  his 
surviving  friends  say  that  he  could  not  have 
been  so  old,  and  place  his  age  at  about 
eighty-seven;  others  say  that  he  was  not 
more  than  eighty-four  or  five.  Two  points, 
however,  we  have  ascertained,  viz. :  that  he 
was  but  ten  years  of  age  when  he  came  to 
America,  and  was  but  twenty-one  years  of 
age  at  the  time  of  his  brother  George's 
death.  Supposing  his  age  then  to  have 
been  eighty-seven  (a  matter  on  which  there 
is  some  doubt)  he  must  have  been  born  in 
1719  and  come  with  his  father  to  America 
in  1729  and  have  lost  his  brother  George 
in  1740,  at  which  time  he  (James)  had  com- 
pleted his  study  of  the  law.  An  obituary 
notice  of  Mr.  Smith  says,  "He  was  the  old- 
est advocate  in  York,  and  perhaps  in  Penn- 
sylvania, for  he  had  been  in  practice  of  the 
law  more  than  fifty  years."  He  could  not 
but  have  been  a  member  of  the  bar  between 
sixty  and  sixty-five  years. 

Mr.  Smith  was  remarkable  for  an  un- 
commonly retentive  memory,  the  strength 
of  which  did  not  seem  to  be  impaired  by 
age. 

He  was  uniformly  facetious  and  fond  of 
anecdotes,  which  he  always  told  with  a 
happy  manner.  Possessing  in  a  high  de- 
gree that  faculty  of  the  mind  which  is  de- 
fined by  metaphysicians  to  be  the  tracing 
of  resemblances  or  analogies  between  dis- 
tant objects,  he  often  exerted  it  in  the  halls 
of  justice,  producing  a  wild  and  roaring  dis- 
cord from  all  within  the  reach  of  his  voice. 

Mr.  Smith  at  different  times  had  manv 


law  students.  Among  them  may  be  men- 
tioned the  Hon.  Robert  Smith,  who  began 
his  studies  here  but  did  not  complete  them, 
and  who  is  the  same  gentleman  that  after- 
ward became  Secretary  of  State  under  the 
United  States  Government.  David  Grier, 
who  practiced  law  and  died  in  York,  was 
likewise  a  student  of  Mr.  Smith. 

Mr.  Smith  left  a  widow  and  two  out  of 
five  children  surviving  him;  they  are  all 
now  gathered  to  the  house  appointed  for  all 
living. 

THOMAS  HARTLEY.  Col.  Thomas 
liartley  was  born  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Reading,  Berks  Co.,  Penn.,  Sep- 
tember 7,  1748.  Having  received  the  rudi- 
ments of  a  good  classical  education  in  that 
town,  he  removed  when  eighteen  years  of 
age,  to  York,  Penn.,  when  he  commenced 
the  study  of  the  law  under  the  tuition  of 
Mr.  Samuel  Johnson.  Having  pursued  his 
law  studies  with  diligence  for  the  term  of 
three  years,  he  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
the  courts  of  York,  July  25,  1769.  He  now 
arose  in  his  profession  with  an  almost  un- 
exampled rapidity,  for  he  not  only  had  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  law,  but  was 
acquainted  with  two  languages,  each  of 
which  was  then  necessary  in  such  a  county 
as  York;  his  early  days  having  been  spent 
in  Reading,  then  as  now  mostly  peopled  by 
Germans,  he  was  from  childhood  acquainted 
with  their  language,  which  he  spoke  with 
the  fluency  of  an  orator.  Another  thing 
which  favored  young  Hartley  much,  was 
that  he  and  the  Hon.  James  Smith  were  for 
some  time  the  only  practicing  lawj^ers  of 
the  county;  Mr.  Johnson,  with  whom  he 
had  studied,  being  then  prothonotary. 

Plartley  was  early  distinguished  as  a 
warm  friend  of  his  country,  both  in  the 
cabinet  and  in  the  field.  In  the  yeari774,he 
was  elected  by  the  citizens  of  York  county, 
a    member    of    the    provincial    meeting    of 


NiN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


195 


deputies,  which  was  held  at  Philadelphia 
on  the  15th  of  July.  In  the  year  1775,  he 
was  a  member,  from  the  same  county,  of 
the  provincial  convention  which  was  held 
at  Philadelphia  on  the  23rd  of  January. 

The  war  of  the  Revolution  was  now  ap- 
proaching and  Hartley  was  soon  distin- 
guished as  a  soldier.  The  Committee  of 
Safety  for  Pennsylvania,  recommended  a 
number  of  persons  to  Congress,  for  field 
officers  to  the  Sixth  Battalion,  ordered  to 
be  raised  in  that  colony,  and  Congress  ac- 
cordingly January  10,  1776,  elected  Wil- 
liam Irwin,  Esq.,  as  colonel;  Thomas  Hart- 
ley, Esq.,  as  lieutenant-colonel;  and  James 
Dunlap,  Esq.,  as  major.  Mr.  Hartley  was 
shortly  aTtervvard  promoted  to  the  full  de- 
gree of  colonel.  '  : 

Col.  Hartley  having  continued  about 
three  years  in  faithful  and  laborious  duty  as 
an  officer,  wrote  a  letter  to  Congress  Feb- 
ruary 13,  1779,  desiring  leave  to  resign  his 
commission.  Congress  thinking  the  rea- 
sons offered,  satisfactory,  accepted  his  res- 
ignation, and  on  the  same  day  resolved  that 
they  had  "high  sense  of  Col.  Hartley's 
merit  and  services." 

In  October,  1778,  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  Legislature  from  the 
county  of  York. 

In  the  year  1783,  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Council  of  Censors,  the  first  day 
of  whose  meeting  was  on  the  loth  of  No- 
vember. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1787,  he  was 
a  member  of  the  State  Convention  which 
adopted  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States. 

In  the  year  1788,  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  Congress  and  accordingly  attended 
their  first  session  under  the  constitution.  As 
a  new  order  of  things  had  now  commenced, 
the  public  mind  was  filled  with  hope  and 
fear.  The  citizens  of  York  county  had  ta- 
ken a  great  interest  in  the  establishment  of 


the  new  constitution,  and  as  Col.  Hartley 
was  the  first  person  who  was  to  go  forth 
from  among  them,  as  a  member  of  congress 
under  that  constitution,  they  determined  in 
the  warmth  of  their  feelings,  to  show  him 
every  honor.  When  he  set  out  from  York  on 
February  23,  1789,  on  his  way  to  the  city 
of  New  York,  where  the  Congress  was  to 
sit,  he  viras  accompanied  to  Susquehanna 
by  a  great  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
borough  and  was  there  received  by  a  com- 
pany from  that  part  of  the  county  and  from 
Lancaster.  The  citizens  then  partook  of  a 
dinner,  and  the  whole  was  one  splendid  cel- 
ebration. When  on  the  way  of  his  return, 
he  arrived  at  Wright's  Ferry  on  October 
6,  he  was  met  at  the  place  by  a  munber  of 
gentleman  from  the  borough  and  county 
of  York,  and  was  there  conducted  to  his 
house  in  town  amidst  the  acclamations  of 
his  friends  and  fellow  citizens. 

Col.  Hartley  continued  a  member  of  con- 
gress for  about  twelve  years;  he  was  such 
until  the  time  of  his  death. 

On  April  28,  1800,  he  was  commissioned 
by  Gov.  M'Kean,  as  major-general  of  the 
Fifth  Division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Militia, 
consisting  of  the  counties  of  York  and 
Adams. 

His  life  of  labor,  usefulness  and  honor 
are  now  drawing  to  a  close.  Disease  was 
destroying  his  energies,  and  had  already 
commenced  the  work  of  death.  After  a 
long  and  tedious  sickness  he  died  at  his 
home  in  York,  on  the  morning  of  Decem- 
ber 21,  1800,  aged  fifty-two  years,  three 
months  and  fourteen  days.  When  his  mor- 
tal part  was  deposited  in  the  burying 
ground  of  the  Church  of  St.  John  the  fol- 
lowing tribute  of  respect  to  his  memory 
was  paid  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Campbell, 
his  pastor  and  friend: 

"If  I  could  blow  the  trump  of  fame  over 
you  ever  so  loud  and  long,  what  would  you 
be  the  better  for  all  this  noise?  Yet,  let  not 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


your  integrity,  patriotism,  fortitude,  hospi- 
tality and  patronage  be  forgotten.  Another 
(who  need  not  be  named),  hath  borne  away 
the  palm  of  glory,  splendid  with  the  never- 
dying  honor  of  rearing  the  stupendous  fab- 
ric of  American  freedom  and  empire.  De- 
parted friend!  you  hear  me  not,  the  grave 
is  deaf  and  silent.  In  this  work  of  blessing 
to  future  ages  you  bore,  though  a  subordi- 
nate, yet  an  honorable  part.  Soldiers  of 
Liberty!  come  drop  a  tear  over  your  com- 
panion in  arm.s.  Lovers  of  justice!  come 
drop  a  tear  over  your  able  advocate,  and 
of  science!  come  drop  a  tear  over  its  warm- 
est patron.  Children  of  misfortune!  come 
drop  a  tear  over  your  benefactor  and  pro- 
tector. Brethren  of  the  earthly  lodge!  re- 
joice that  our  brother  is  removed  to  the 
temple  of  the  Supreme.  Ministers  of  relig- 
ion! come  drop  a  tear  to  the  memory  of  a 
man,  who,  lamenting  human  frailty,  was 
ever  the  friend  of  truth  and  virtue.  And 
thou,  my  soul!  come  not  into  the  assembly 
of  those  who  would  draw  his  reposing  spirit 
from  the  bosom,  of  His  Father  who  is  in 
heaven." 

As  an  appendix  to  the  biography  of  this 
soldier  and  statesman  we  give  the  following 
address  to  his  constituents,  which  he  pub- 
lished a  short  time  before  his  decease,  and 
which  is  one  of  the  last  acts  of  his  life. 
Fellow  Citizens: 

Through  want  of  health,  and  a  wish  to 
retire  from  a  sedentary  public  life  and  to  at- 
tend to  my  private  concerns,  which  have 
been  much  deranged  by  my  absence  from 
York  town,  I  have  been  induced  most  fix- 
edly to  decline  serving  in  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives in  Congress  after  the  third  day 
of  March  next.  Indeed  it  is  well  known 
that  for  som.e  years  past  I  have  not  wished 
to  be  elected;  and  should  long  since  have 
declined  the  honor  had  it  not  been  for  the 
political  condition  of  the  world,  and  of  our 
own  States  in  particular,  which  have  fre- 


quently suffered  from  two  great  nations; — • 
I  hope  however  we  shall  soon  have  peace. 

A  great  portion  of  my  life  has  been  de- 
voted to  the  service  of  my  country,  as  will 
appear  from  the  following  facts.  I  have  to 
say  that  I  was  in  two  provincial  conven- 
tions previous  to  the  revolution,  that  I 
served  in  the  Revolutionary  army  more 
than  three  years,  was  one  year  in  the  As- 
sembly of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in 
the  Council  of  Censors  one  year,  was  in 
the  convention  which  adopted  the  consti- 
tution of  the  United  States,  and  have  twice 
been  elected  by  citizens  of  Pennsylvania  at 
general  elections,  and  four  times  at  district 
elections,  as  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  in  Congress.  In  some  in- 
stances I  have  perhaps  been  useful;  but  I 
may  say  I  have  ever  desired  to  advance 
the  interests  of  the  United  States  as  far  as 
my  powers  and  constitution  would  admit. 
I  shall  endeavor  to  be  of  as  much  service  as 
possible  in  the  militia,  which  will  occasion- 
ally require  some  attention  and  exercise. 

I  thank  the  citizens  of  Pennsylvania  at 
large  for  showing  their  frequent  confidence 
in  me,  and  particularly  of  that  part  of  the 
State  composing  York  and  Adams  Coun- 
ties, and  wish  them  every  happiness. 

I  am  with  due  respect  for  them, 

Thomas  Hartley. 

York,  September  8th,  1800. 

N.  B. — My  indisposition  has  retarded 
this  publication  longer  than  I  intended. 

HON.  DANIEL  DURKEE.*  Judge 
Durkee  was  of  English  descent, 
the  family  coming  to  America  early  in  the 
eighteenth  century  and  settling  in  Wind- 
ham, Conn.  Here  his  great  grandfather, 
Nathaniel  Durkee,  was  married  August  21, 
1727,  and  from  there  his  son,  Timothy 
(judge  Durkee's  grandfather),  removed  to 
Vermont  while  that  State  was  yet  a  wilder- 
ness. His  maternal  grandfather,  Elisha 
*  By  Hon.  James  W.  Latimer. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


197 


Rix,  also  went  from  Connecticut  to  Ver- 
mont about  the  same  time,  both  famihes 
settling  in  the  valley  of  White  River.       In 
their  journey  of  about  two  hundred  miles, 
they  were  guided  by  marked  trees.       They 
settled  on  adjoining  farms,  granted  by  the 
government  of  New  York,  then  claiming 
jurisdiction  over  the  territory.  The  families 
were  united  by  the  marriage  of  Heman,  the 
eldest  son  of  Timothy  Durkee,  to  Susan, 
daughter  of  Elisha  Rix.  Heman  succeeded 
to  the  Durkee  farm,  and  both  farms  have 
remained  in  possession  of  members  of  the 
family  until  recently.    Situated  in  the  town- 
ship of  Royalton,  they  adjoin  South  Royal- 
ton,  a  thriving  village  and  railroad  center. 
Here   Daniel   Durkee,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  born  on  August  27,  1791.     His 
father's  death  occurring  when  he  was  but  a 
boy,  the  years  of  his  early  manhood  were 
spent  in  the  home  and  on  the  farm  of  his 
mother.     He  married  April  8,  1813,  Mary, 
daughter  of  Capt.  John  Wright,  of  Nor- 
wich, Vt.  A  few  years  after  his  marriage  he 
commenced  the  study  of  law  with  Judge 
Jacob  Collamer,    of    Royalton    (afterward 
United  States  Senator  from  Vermont  and 
Postmaster  General),  and  Judge  Hutchin- 
son, of  Woodstock,  Vt.     He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in   Chelsea,   Orange    Co.,    Vt., 
June  12,  1818,  and  opened  an  office  in  Wil- 
liamstown,  in  the  same  county.  Desirous  ot 
settling  in  Pennsylvania,  he  left  WiUiams- 
town  the  following  December,  and  came  to 
Lebanon,  Penn.,  taking  an  office  just  va- 
cated by  his  brother-in-law,  John  Wright, 
Esq.,  who  had  removed  to  York.     Some 
months  later,  illness  in  his  family  compell- 
ing Mr.  Wright  to  return  to  New  England, 
Judge   Durkee   came   to   York,  iwhere   he 
continued  to  reside  until  his  death.  At  that 
time,  Lebanon  was  thoroughly  German.  So 
universally  was  that  language  spoken  there, 
that  there  was  but  one  family  in  the  town 
with  whom  the  Durkee  family  could  com- 


municate in  the  English  tongue,  while  in 
York  there  was  a  large  English  element, 
though  the  German  was  almost  universally 
spoken  in  the  surrounding  country.  With- 
out any  knowledge  of  that  language,  he 
soon  became  a  popular  lawyer  with  the 
German  population  and  a  successful  prac- 
titioner. Pennsylvania  thenceforth  became 
the  State  of  his  adoption.  But  he  was  ever 
loyal  to  New  England  and  his  native  home, 
which  continued  to  be  the  home  of  his 
mother  until  her  death  in  1853.  It  was  his 
"Mecca."  He  never  failed  to  go  there  an- 
nually (in  the  thirty-six  years  of  his  life  in 
Pennsylvania),  taking  his  family  or  several 
members  of  it  with  him  in  each  alternate 
year.  The  New  England  festival,  "Thanks- 
giving," was  always  observed  in  his  home, 
the  appointment  of  the  governor  of  Ver- 
mont being  a  national  appointment.  Judge 
Durkee  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  York 
County  in  1820.  In  1832  he  was  elected  to 
the  legislature.  In  1833  he  was  appointed 
by  Gov.  Wolf  judge  of  the  district  court. 
In  1S35,  the  district  court  having  been  abol- 
ished, he  was  appointed  president  judge  of 
the  Nineteenth  Judicial  District,  composed 
of  the  counties  of  York  and  Adams.  He 
held  the  ofifice  for  ten  years,  when,  at  ^he 
expiration  of  his  term,  he  was  succeeded 
by  Judge  Irwin.  On  the  resignation  of  the 
latter  in  1849,  Judge  Durkee  was  again  ap- 
pointed to  the  president  judgeship  by  Gov. 
Johnson,  and  held  the  office  until  1851, 
when,  the  judgeship  having  been  by  a  con- 
stitutional amendment  made  elective,  Judge 
Fisher  was  chosen  to  succeed  him. 

He  then  resumed  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession, which  he  continued  to  the  time  of 
his  death.  He  died  November  23,  1854, 
aged  sixty-three  years  and  three  months. 
Thus,  for  nearly  half  the  entire  period  of  his 
residence  in  Pennsylvania,  Judge  Durkee 
held  the  office  of  president  judge.  On  the 
bench.    Judge    Durkee    was    careful    and 


Biographical  an"d  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


painstaking  and  showed  great  discrimina- 
tion in  separating  from  the  mass  of  less  im- 
portant matters,  the  real  points  involved 
in  the  cases  brought  before  him.  In  his 
charges  he  was  remarkably  happy  and  suc- 
cessful in  presenting  cases  to  juries,  in  en- 
abling them  to  perform  their  duties  intelli- 
gently, and  in  preventing  them  from  falling 
into  errors.  Of  eminent  sagacity,  clear  per- 
ceptions and  sound  conclusions,  he  enjoyed 
during  his  official  career  the  confidence  and 
respect  of  the  bar,  and  in  a  great  degree 
that  of  the  appellate  court,  which  reviewed 
his  judgments.  As  an  evidence  of  the  es- 
teem in  which  he  has  been  held,  there  is 
subjoined  an  extract  from  the  York  Gazette 
of  September  24,  1839,  which,  as  published 
by  a  political  opponent  of  Judge  Durkee, 
is  all  the  more  valuable  tribute  to  his 
worth:  "We  find  in  the  Adams  Sentinel 
of  a  late  date,  a  communication,  in  which 
the  Hon.  Daniel  Durkee,  president  judge 
of  this  judicial  district,  is  spoken  of  in  terms 
of  high  commendation.  We  feel  proud  of 
this  justly  merited  tribute  to  the  worth  of 
one  of  our  citizens;  and  here  at  York,where 
Judge  Durkee  "is  at  home,"  we  feel  sure 
that  every  word  will  be  attested  by  every 
one  who  reads  it.  We  hope  that  this  dis- 
trict will  not  lose  the  services  of  so  upright 
and  excellent  a  judicial  officer  under  the  op- 
eration of  that  provision  of  the  new  con- 
stitution, which  limits  the  tenure  of  office 
of  president  judges  of  the  courts  of  com- 
mon pleas  to  ten  years.  Every  friend  of 
justice  and  morality,  all  who  desire  to  see 
the  bench  occupied  by  a  stern  foe  to  vice 
and  disorder,  are  interested  in  keeping  the 
judicial  ermine  upon  the  shoulders  of  Judge 
Durkee."  As  a  practicing  lawyer,  Jvidge 
Durkee  always  occupied  a  high  position  at 
the  bars  of  York  and  Adams  counties.  His 
specialty  was  the  conducting  of  trials  be- 
fore juries.  He  managed  his  causes  with 
great  tact  and  judgment,  and  while  at  the 


bar,  always  had  a  large  portion  of  its  foren- 
sic practice.  Few  causes  of  magnitude  or 
importance  were  tried  in  which  he  was  not 
one  of  the  leading  counsel.  His  influence 
with  a  jury,  whether  he  addressed  them 
from  the  bar,  or  charged  them  from  the 
bench,  seemed  almost  magical.  Although 
Judge  Durkee  was  not  indebted  to  the  cul- 
ture of  the  schools,  he  had  evidently  prac- 
ticed self-discipline  long  and  carefully.  But 
it  was  from  nature  he  received  his  best 
gifts — gifts,  the  absence  of  which  no 
amount  of  educational  facilities  can  supply. 
The  characteristics  of  his  mind  were  clear- 
ness and  originality.  Both  these  mental 
qualities,  so  rarely  met,  even  singly,  he  pos- 
sessed in  a  very  considerable  degree.  They 
manifested  themselves  on  the  bench,  at  the 
bar,  in  social  conversation,  and  even  in 
casual  remarks,  in  the  working  out  of  his 
intellectual  processes,  in  the  language  he 
selected,  and  in  the  figures  and  illustrations 
he  employed.  For  this  reason  he  was  al- 
ways listened  to  with  attention  and  inter- 
est. It  was  well  known  that  there  was  no 
danger  of  being  wearied  by  anything  feeble, 
or  commonplace  or  obscure  in  what  he 
said.  Most  frequently  the  products  of  his 
mind  exhibited  the  freshness  of  vigorous 
and  independent  thinking,  were  expressed 
in  strong,  idiomatic  English,  which,  adapt- 
ing itself  to  the  tournure  of  the  thought, 
fitted  close  to  it,  and  conveyed  to  others  his 
ideas  with  all  the  clearness  in  which  they 
existed  in  his  own  mind,  were  elucidated 
by  illustrations,  which  were  apt,  striking, 
felicitous,  and,  when  the  subject  or  occa- 
sion would  admit,  were  enlivened  by  the 
scintillations  of  genuine  wit.  In  his  legal 
investigations  and  discussions,  he  always 
sought  for  the  reason  of  the  law,  and  en- 
deavored to  be  guided  by  principles  rather 
than  by  discordant  and  irreconcilable  de- 
cisions. With  his  great  powers  of  mind,  he 
united  great  kindness  of  heart  and  an  emi- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


199 


nently  sympathetic  and  affectionate  disposi- 
tion, causing  him  to  be  beloved  in  his  neigh- 
borhood, and  idoHzed  in  his  family.  Judge 
Durkee  had  none  of  the  arts  and  stooped 
to  none  of  the  tricks  and  methods  of  the 
politician.  His  popularity  grew  out  of  his 
genial  and  kindly  disposition,  and  his  well 
known  integrity. 

HON.  ROBERT  J.  FISHER.*  A 
large  part  of  the  judicial  history  of 
York  County  is  inseparably  associated  with 
the  career  of  Hon.  Robert  J.  Eisher,  who, 
for  more  than  thirty  years,  presided  over 
its  courts.  On  the  4th  day  of  November, 
1828,  when  twenty-two  years  of  age,  he 
was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  several 
courts  of  York  County.  He  had  received 
a  thorough  legal  education  at  the  Yale  Law 
School,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  and  in  the  of- 
fice of  his  father,  George  Fisher,  Esq.,  at 
Harrisburg,  who  was  widely  known  and 
honored,  and  was  for  many  years  a  leading 
member  of  the  Dauphin  county  bar.  For 
twenty-three  years  he  worked  diligently  at 
the  bar,  attaching  to  himself  by  his  integ- 
rity and  ability  a  large  clientage  and  a  host 
of  friends.  Being  twice  re-elected  (1861 
and  1871),  he  was,  until  1875,  the  only  law 
judge  of  the  two  counties,  accomplishing  a 
vast  amount  of  labor,  and  rendering  with 
promptness  and  widely  recognized  learning, 
decisions  which  have  commanded  general 
respect.  His  rulings  have  almost  univer- 
sally been  upheld  by  the  appellate  tribunals, 
and  his  opinions  have  been  quoted  as  an 
authority  in  this  and  other  States,  with 
more  frequency  than  those  of  almost  any 
other  contemporaneous  nisi  prius  judge. 
Although  an  earnest  Democrat,  during  his 
official  career,  he  carefully  abstained  from 
all  connection  with  politics.  Judge  Fisher 
possessed,  in  an  unusual  degree,  the  rare 
ability  of  viewing  a  question  impartially 
and  deciding  on  principle  unafTected  by 
*  By  Henry  C.  Niles,  Esq. 


prejudice  or  fear.  Particularly  was  this 
characteristic  strikingly  illustrated  in  his 
course  during  the  Rebellion.  Now  that 
the  intense  excitement  and  intolerant  par- 
tisanship of  the  time  have  passed  away,  his 
undeviating  adherence  to  the  established 
principles  of  the  common  law,  appears  most 
admirable.  Though  a  decided  and  uncom- 
promising Unionist,  he  was,  nevertheless, 
determined  in  his  opposition  to  every  un- 
warrantable encroachment  of  the  military 
upon  the  civil  power.  When  passion  and 
fear  deprived  others  of  their  judgment,  he 
seems  never  to  have  lost  his  cool  discretion, 
either  in  the  presence  of  Federal  soldiers  or 
rebel  invaders.  On  one  occasion,  a  citizen 
had  been  illegally  arrested  by  the  military 
authority  at  the  hospital  on  the  commons, 
and  a  writ  of  habeas  corpus  was  taken  out 
in  his  behalf.  Upon  its  return,  the  prisoner 
was  brought  into  court  by  a  squad  of  sol- 
diers with  fixed  bayonets.  That  show  of 
force,  however,  failed  to  affect  the  action  of 
the  court.  Promptly  he  required  the  sol- 
diers to  recognize  civil  authority,  saying 
that  as  citizens  they  had  a  right  to  be  there, 
but  as  armed  men,  they  must  withdraw.  Af- 
ter a  hearing,  the  prisoner  was  released. 
At  the  time  of  the  Confederate  occupation 
of  York,  in  1863,  the  rebel  commander  sent 
to  Judge  Fisher  for  the  keys  of  the  court 
house.  He  replied  that  he  did  not  have 
them,  and  that  the  commissioners  were  the 
only  legal  custodians  of  the  public  build- 
ings; upon  another  summons  being  sent, 
however,  he  went  with  the  messenger  and 
found  that  the  soldiers  had  in  some  way  ob- 
tained admission  to  the  prothonotary's  of- 
fice, and  were  preparing  to  destroy  the  rec- 
ords there  deposited.  As  the  chief  judicial 
magistrate  of  the  county,  he  warmly  expos- 
tulated against  the  destruction  of  these  val- 
uable evidences,  the  loss  of  which  would 
be  irremediable.  The  general  at  first  said 
it  would  only  be  just  retaliation  for  the  dep- 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


redation  of  the  Northern  armies  in  the 
South,  but  after  a  long  discussion,  the  judge 
compelled  him  to  acknowledge  the  unlaw- 
fulness of  all  such  acts  of  useless  plunder, 
and  persuaded  him  to  withdraw  his  men. 
The  records  and  valuable  documents  of  the 
county  were  thus  saved  by  the  coolness  and 
firmness  of  the  venerable  judge.  There  are 
several  other  occasions,  which  many  citi- 
zens recall,  during  those  turbulent  times, 
when  he  showed  like  remarkable  courage, 
facing  mobs  with  fearless  dignity  and  with 
unusual  mildness,  but  at  the  same  time  un- 
usual determination,  maintaining  order  and 
insisting  upon  the  supremacy  of  the  civil 
law. 

Judge  Fisher  comes  of  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  respectable  families  of  the  State. 
Born  in  Harrisburg,  May  6,  1806,  he  is  the 
son  of  George  Fisher,  Esq.,  and  Ann  Ship- 
pen,  daughter  of  Robert  Strettell  Jones,  of 
Burlington,  N.  J.  He  was  babtized  Rob- 
from  1741  for  twenty  years.  Robert  Strett- 
ell was  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Council 
from  1741  for  twenty  years.  Robert  Strett- 
ell Jones,  his  grandfather,  was  a  member  of 
the  New  Jersey  legislature  and  secretary  of 
of  the  Committee  of  Safety  in  1776.  His 
great-grandfather,  Isaac  Jones,  was  twice 
mayor  of  Philadelphia  (1767  and  1768,)  and 
a  member  of  the  common  council  in  1764. 
His  great  great  grandfather  Fisher  was  one 
of  the  original  company  of  Quakers,  who 
came  from  England  with  William  Penn,  in 
1682,  and  who  laid  out  the  city  of  Philadel- 
phia. His  grandfather,  George  Fisher,  re- 
ceived from  his  father  a  large  tract  of  land 
in  Dauphin  county,  upon  which  he  laid  out 
the  borough  of  Middletown.  Judge  Fisher 
was  twice  married,  and  in  the  quiet  scenes 
of  domestic  life  he  always  experienced  great 
satisfaction.  His  first  wife,  Catharine, 
daughter  of  Horatio  Gates  Jameson,  M.  D., 
became  the  mother  of  eight  children,  and 
died  in   1850.     In   1853  he  married  Mary 


Sophia,  daughter  of  Ebenezer  Caldwell,  of 
Northljridge,  Mass.,  who  bore  him  two 
children.  His  eldest  son,  George  Fisher, 
Esq.,  is  a  well  established  member  of  the 
York  County  bar,  and  his  other  son,  Rob- 
ert J.  Fisher,  Jr.,  having  been  for  several 
years  connected  with  the  patent  office,  is 
now  one  of  the  three  examiners  in  chief. 
In  matters  of  religion,  Judge  Fisher  has  al- 
ways been  eminently  catholic.  From  child- 
hood his  associations  have  been  largely 
with  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  al- 
though particularly  charitable  toward  those 
of  different  faith  and  order,  and  a  frequent 
attendant  at  their  services.  In  1870,  he 
became  a  communicant  member  of  St. 
John's  Church,  in  York,  was  for  many 
years  a  vestryman,  and  was  the  first  chan- 
cellor  of  the   diocese   of  central   Pennsyl- 


O  LIVER  STUCK,  ESQ.,  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  was  practically  a  self- 
made  man,  and  who  by  perseverance,  thrifc 
and  industry  made  his  mark  in  the  world, 
achieving  success  in  his  profession  of  jour- 
nalism. From  a  very  tender  age  he  had 
been  a  hard  worker,  and  the  success  with 
which  he  met  in  life  is  all  owing  to  the  hab- 
its of  industry  and  frugality  he  formed  in 
his  youth.  Oliver  Stuck  was  born  in  the 
borough  of  York,  September  19,  1817.  His 
father  was  Capt.  Charles  Stuck,  a  carpenter 
by  occupation.  Capt.  Stuck  was  a  member 
of  the  famous  company  of  volunteers  which 
marched  to  the  defense  of  Baltimore  under 
Capt.  Michael  H.  Spangler,  on  August  29, 
18 14,  and  were  attached  to  the  Fifth  Mary- 
land Regiment,  and  participated  in  the  bat- 
tle of  North  Point,  September  12,  1814. 

The  mother  of  Oliver  Stuck,  our  subject, 
was  Rebecca  Snyder  Stuck,  a  most  estima- 
ble lady,  who  lived  to  the  advanced  age  of 
eighty-two  years,  dying  in  the  year  1877, 
October  15,  at  the  home  of  her  daughter, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


in  Sunbury,  Northumberland  Co.,  Pa.  Oli- 
ver Stuck,  at  the  early  age  of  scarcely 
twelve  years,  was  apprenticed  to  the  print- 
ing business  with  Messrs.  King  &  Barnitz, 
then  proprietors  of  the  old  York  Gazette, 
June  20,  1829,  serving  an  apprenticeship  of 
five  years  very  faithfully.  At  the  expira- 
tion of  his  term  of  service  he  worked  in  the 
same  office  as  a  journeyman  for  a  number 
of  years,  after  which  he  went  to  Harrisburg, 
and  worked  in  the  State  printing  office  on 
the  Legislative  Record.  There  being  no 
railroad  in  those  days  between  York  and 
Harrisburg,  Mr.  Stuck  used  to  walk  the 
twenty-six  miles  distance  intervening  be- 
tween the  two  points,  in  his  frequent  visits 
home  to  his  parents,  whose  principal  sup- 
port he  was.  From  the  early  age  at  which 
he  entered  upon  his  apprenticeship,  it  will 
be  observed  that  he  did  not  possess  the  ad- 
vantage of  securing  an  education  in  the 
schools,  and  really  attended  school  very 
little,  gleaning  all  the  knowledge  he  pos- 
sessed in  that  great  college,  the  printing  of- 
fice, and  by  the  reading  of  useful  books.  His 
ambition  was  to  become  the  editor  and  pro- 
prietor of  a  newspaper,  and  with  that  end  in 
view  he  applied  himself  vigorously  to  work, 
and  his  efforts  were  finally  rewarded  with 
success.  In  the  year  1839  he  became  one 
of  the  editors  and  proprietors  of  the  York 
Democratic  Press  by  the  purchase  of  a  half 
interest  in  the  paper,  and  continued  as  such 
until  he  became  finally  the  sole  proprietor 
by  purchasing  his  partner's  interest,  and 
conducted  the  paper  in  his  own  name  and 
interest  ever  since.  The  Press  ''espoused 
the  principles  of  the  Democratic  party,  and 
as  an  exponent  of  those  principles,  and  a 
disseminator  of  news,  has  proved  a  very 
acceptable  paper  to  the  people;  and  its  edi- 
tor, by  hard  work  and  the  practice  of  the 
most  rigid  economy,  has  made  it  a  success 
financially. 

In  the  year  1843,  April  17,  he  was  mar- 


ried to  Margaret  Gilberthorpe,  daughter  of 
the  late  William  Gilberthorpe, Sr.,  deceased. 
He  has  reared  a  family  of  six  children  (two 
sons  and  four  daughters),  one  of  which,  the 
eldest,  is  Edward  Stuck,  the  editor  of  the 
York  Age.  Oliver  Stuck  held  several  im- 
portant positions  of  honor  and  trust.  In 
November,  1852,  he  was  appointed  State 
agent,  on  the  Philadelphia  and  Columbia 
Railroad,  by  the  board  of  Canal  Commis- 
sioners, of  Pennsylvania,  the  State,  at  that 
time,  owning  what  is  now  known  as  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad.  This  position  he 
held  until  August,  1857 — when  the  road 
passed  out  of  the  hands  of  the  State  into  the 
possession  of  the  present  owners  by  pur- 
chase— with  credit  to  himself  and  an  unim- 
peachable record  as  a  faithful  and  efficient 
officer.  During  his  connection  with  the 
railroad  he  still  devoted  all  his  spare  mom- 
ents to  editing  his  newspaper,  and  upon  re- 
tiring from  the  road  gave  his  entire  atten- 
tion to  the  newspaper  business.  He  kept 
the  Press  fully  abreast  of  the  times,  and 
succeeded  in  placing  it  beside  the  most  in- 
fluential weeklies  of  the  State.  He  had  al- 
ways taken  an  active  part  in  the  politics  of 
the  county,  and  was  the  champion  of  the 
reform  wing  of  the  Democracy,  denouncing 
the  methods  of  those  who  did  not  consider 
holding  office  a  public  trust  but  simply  for 
their  own  pecuniary  advantage.  Against 
all  politicians  of  this  class  he  wielded  his 
pen,  denouncing  the  e.xtravagance  and  cor- 
ruption v^'hich  disgraced  the  records  of  of- 
ficeholders and  reflected  upon  the  fame  of 
the  Democratic  party.  Much  of  the  credit 
for  the  healthy  state  of  affairs  in  this  county 
is  due  to  his  efforts,  through  the  Press,  to 
bring  about  this  great  and  wholesome 
change,  and  to  the  sterling  gentlemen  who 
rallied  around  his  paper  in  its  work  for  re- 
form. In  June,  1880,  he  was  nominated 
by  his  party  as  their  candidate  for  Register 
of  Wills  of  York  County,  and  ran  on  the 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


same  ticket  with  Gen.  Hancock  for  Presi- 
dent, receiving  the  highest  number  of  votes 
of  any  candidate  upon  his  ticket.  He  en- 
tered upon  the  duties  of  his  office  in  Jan- 
uary, 1881,  and  filled  it  acceptably  to  the 
people,  and  at  the  end  of  his  term  was  com- 
plimented by  the  Auditor-General  of  Penn- 
sylvania, for  the  excellent  manner  in  which 
the  affairs  of  the  office  were  administered. 

OHver   Stuck   died  at   his   residence,   in 
York,  Pennsylvania,  February  3rd,  1890. 

HON.  FREDERICK  WATTS.  This 
man  of  great  and  varied  promi- 
nence, for  many  years,  in  the  affairs  of  the 
community  in  which  he  lived  was  the  de- 
scendant of  men  equally  prominent  in  the 
Province,  and  subsequent  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. His  grandfather,  Frederick  Watts,  a 
native  of  Wales,  came  to  America  about 
1760.  He  became  an  active  advocate  of 
the  rights  of  the  colonies,  and  was  Colonel 
of  one  of  the  first  regiments  raised  and  sub- 
sequently held  the  commission  of  General. 
He  served  in  the  Assembly,  and  also  as  a 
member  of  the  Supreme  Executive  Council. 
His  maternal  grandfather,  Gen.  Henry  Mil- 
ler, as  lieutenant  of  a  company  from  York 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill, 
was  an  active  officer  during  the  Revolution- 
ary War,  and  was  in  command  of  troops  at 
Baltimore  in  1812.  His  father,  David 
Watts,  an  only  son,  was  in  the  first-class 
graduated  from  Dickinson  College.  He 
was  not  only  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
lawyers  and  prominent  politicians  of  his 
day  but  was  noted  for  his  great  learning 
and  general  culture.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch,  one  of  twelve  children,  was  born  in 
Carlisle,  May  9th,  1801.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  Dickinson  College  in  1819,  and 
passed  the  two  subsequent  years  with  his 
uncle,  William  IMiles,  in  Erie  County,  en- 
gaged in  agricultural  pursuits,  which  pos- 
sessed an  attraction  for  him  throughout  his 


long  and  busy  life.  In  1821  he  was  en- 
tered as  a  law  student  with  Andrew  Car- 
others,  Esq.,  of  Carlisle,  and  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  1824.  He  became  the  part- 
ner of  his  ipreceptor,  and  at  once  took  a 
high  position  at  the  bar.  From  1829  to 
1854  he  was  a  reporter  of  the  decisions  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
first  three  volumes  of  reports  were  pub- 
lished in  connection  with  Hon.  C.  B.  Pen- 
rose, then  ten  volumes  by  him  as  sole  re- 
porter, and  subsequently  nine  volumes  in 
connection  with  Henry  J.  Seargeant,  Esq. 
In  1845  lis  was  made  President  of  the  Cum- 
berland Valley  railroad,  then  in  a  very  bad 
condition  financially  and  physically.  By 
his  energetic  and  intelligent  management 
he  brought  it  to  a  high  degree  of  efficiency 
and  productiveness,  and  rendered  it  an  im- 
portant factor  in  the  development  of  the 
Valley.  He  retired  from  the  presidency  in 
1873,  but  was  continued  as  a  director  until 
his  death  in  1889.  In  1849,  by  the  appoint- 
ment of  Governor  Johnston,  he  became 
President  Judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  Dis- 
trict, composed  of  the  counties  of  Cumber- 
land, Perry  and  Juniata,  and  continued  in 
office  until  succeeded  by  an  elected  succes- 
sor in  1852.  From  1824  to  1828  he  was 
secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Dick- 
inson College  and  from  1828  to  1832  a 
member  of  the  board  and  took  an  active 
part  in  the  proceedings  of  that  body.  In 
1854  he  was  influential  in  establishing  the 
Agricultural  College  of  Pennsylvania  in 
Centre  County,  now  State  College,  and  was 
elected  first  president  in  its  Board  of  Trus- 
tees and  served  as  such  until .     In  the 

same  year  he  projected  the  Gas  and  Water 
Works  of  Carlisle,  and  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  company  formed.  In  i860  the 
taste  for  agricultural  pursuits,  early  mani- 
fested and  cultivated  during  a  busy  profes- 
sional life  asserted  itself,  and  he  removed 
to  one  of  his  farms  near  Carlisle,  and  grad- 


^. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


203 


ually  withdrew  from  the  active  practice  of 
law.  In  1871  he  was  induced  to  accept  the 
appointment  of  Commissioner  of  Agricul- 
ture, made  by  President  Grant,  after  having 
at  first  declined  it,  and  continued  in  the  of- 
fice until  the  close  of  Gen.  Grant's  second 
term.  His  administration  of  the  depart- 
ment was  able  and  systematic,  and  under  it 
accurate  and  detailed  information  could  be 
readily  obtained.  He  died  in  Carlisle,  Au- 
gust 17th,  1889,  at  the  age  of  88  years,  in 
full  possession  of  his  mental  faculties.  Per- 
haps no  man  has  left  a  profounder  impres- 
sion upon  the  community  in  which  his  long 
and  industrious  life  was  passed.  As  a  law- 
yer he  had  occupied  a  front  rank  for  nearly 
half  a  century.  There  is  not  a  report  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  his  State  for  forty-two 
years,  except  whilst  he  was  on  the  bench 
that  does  not  contain  his  name  as  counsel. 
In  his  practice  in  the  adjoining  counties  he 
frequently  encountered  Thaddeus  Stevens 
then  in  the  full  vigor  of  his  professional  ca- 
reer.    The  two  were  warm  friends. 

His  success  as  a  lawyer  rested  largely 
upon  his  great  powers  of  concentration  and 
discrimination,  his  self-reliance,  and  indom- 
itable persistence.  He  possessed  unusual 
influence  with  a  jury,  a  result  not  more  of  a 
clear,  forcible,  dignified  presentation  of  his 
case,  than  of  general  belief  in  his  integrity 
and  honor  as  a  man,  and  in  his  fairness  in 
conducting  a  trial.  He  possessed  the  re- 
spect of  his  fellow  members  of  the  bar  to  an 
unusual  degree.  As  a  citizen  in  the  com- 
munity and  in  public  life  the  same  qualities 
combined  with  large  public  spirit  made  him 
in  many  instances  foremost  in  projecting 
and  most  influential  in  carrying  out  meas- 
ures of  public  interest  and  utility. 

TACOB  FORNEY,  who  filled  so  large  a 
place,  While  living,  in  the  esteem   of 
the  people  of  Hanover,  where  his  life's 
work  was  principally  done,  was  a  man  of 


superior  mind,  spotless  character,  and  dis- 
tinguished for  his  practical  sense  and  un- 
effected  piety.  He  was  a  son  of  Adam  and 
Rachel  (Shriver)  Forney,  and  was  born  on 
the  old  Forney  homestead  near  Hanover, 
York  County,  Pennsylvania,  February  i, 
1797.  He  was  a  direct  descendant  from 
John  Adam  Forney  who  with  his  wife  and 
four  children  came  to  Philadelphia  in  1721, 
from  Wachenheim  near  the  Hartz  moun- 
tains, in  the  Palatinate,  Germany.  From 
family  tradition,  John  Adam  settled  first  in 
Lancaster  county,  and  remained  there  un- 
til 1734  in  which  year  he  became  a  settler 
in  what  was  known  as  "Digges  Choice"  in 
the  Conewago  settlement  and  a  part  of  his 
land  embraced  the  site  of  the  borough  of 
Hanover.  Philip,  one  of  eight  children  in- 
habited a  portion  of  this  tract.  Philip  For- 
ney was  born  September  29,  1724,  and  on 
INIay  8,  1753,  married  Elizabeth  Sheads,  the 
date  of  whose  birth  was  1730.  To  them 
were  born  six  sons  and  six  daughters,  and 
their  eldest  child  was  Adam  Forney,  who 
inherited  a  section  of  the  lands  of  his  ances- 
tors and  erected  the  old  homestead  house 
which  now  stands  on  Frederick  street  in 
the  borough  of  Hanover.  Adam  Forney 
was  born  June  15,  1754,  served  as  a  soldier 
under  Washington  in  the  Revolutionary 
War,  and  afterward  built  one  of  the  first  tan- 
neries in  the  southern  part  of  York  County. 
He  was  a  tanner  by  trade  and  did  a  very 
profitable  business  as  a  tanner  and  farmer 
during  his  active  years  of  life  which  ex- 
tended up  almost  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  June  29,  1822.  He  was  a 
strict  member  of  the  Reformed  church,  and 
on  October  26,  1784,  wedded  Rachel 
Shriver,  who  died  December  7,  1843,  aged 
j6  years.  Their  children,  none  of  whom 
are  now  living,  were:  Lydia  (Mrs.  Jacob 
Welsh),  David,  Samuel,  Lewis,  Peter,  Ja- 
cob, Rebecca,  (Mrs.  Eli  Lewis),  Sally  (Mrs. 


204 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Henry  Winebrenner)  and  Susan  (Mrs.  Dan- 
iel Barnitz). 

Jacob  Forney  was  reared  on  the  old 
homestead,  and  made  good  use  of  the  lim- 
ited educational  privileges  of  his  day.  He 
learned  the  trade  of  tanner  with  his  father 
with  whom  he  remained  until  the  death  of 
the  latter.  He  then  turned  his  attention  to 
the  cultivation  of  land  and  was  so  successful 
as  to  make  it  very  valuable  in  a  few  years. 
In  the  meantime,  in  the  march  of  material 
progress,  came  the  steam  railway  and  Mr. 
Forney  was  one  of  the  first  to  perceive  the 
importance,  convenience  and  value  of  a 
railroad  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the 
county.  With  him,  to  think  was  to  act, and 
in  1849  he  immediately  undertook  the  mat- 
ter with  his  accustomed  energy,  securing 
rights  of  way,  and  obtaining  subscriptions 
of  stock  for  the  Hanover  branch  railroad. 
Of  this  company  he  served  as  president  in 
1852,  and  during  the  remainder  of  his  life 
was  ever  ready  and  active  in  its  support  in 
any  emergency  or  time  of  difiSculty.  When 
the  Civil  War  came  and  swept  out  of  exist- 
ence the  Old  State  banking  system,  Mr. 
Forney  was  one  of  the  first  to  comprehend 
clearly  the  changed  financial  conditions  of 
the  country  and  moved  quickly  in  the  inter- 
ests of  Hanover  when  provisions  were 
made  for  the  present  National  banking  sys- 
tem. He,  in  connection  with  F.  E.  Metz- 
ger  and  H.  M.  Schwenk  secured  the  estab- 
lishment of  First  National  bank  which  was 
organized  November  20,  1863,  and  is  one 
of  the  oldest  National  Banks  in  the  United 
States.  Mr.  Forney  was  its  first  president 
and  served  in  that  capacity  until  1875. 
Mainly  instrumental  in  securing  to  Han- 
over its  railway  and  its  banking  facilities,  he 
was  likewise  foremost  and  active  in  all  other 
movements  for  the  benefit  or  progress  of 
the  borough.  He  rounded  out  a  long  and 
useful  life  with  deeds  of  kindness,  and  acts 
of  public  benefit. 


He  died  January  4th,  1882,  aged  84  years. 

On  June  25th,  1829,  Mr.  Forney  married 
Elizabeth  Winebrenner,  who  was  a  daugh- 
ter of  Peter  Winebrenner  and  died  Nov. 
17th,  1861,  aged  58  years.  Their  children 
were:  Anna  M.,  Adam,  Jacob  and  David, 
who  all  died  in  infancy;  Sarah  who  passed 
avi'ay  in  early  woman  hood;  Mary,  now  re- 
siding on  the  old  homestead;  Emelia,  wed- 
ded to  W.  S.  Young;  and  Elizabeth  who 
married  George  Young,  who  passed  away 
October  i6th,  1895. 

Jacob  Forney  was  a  Whig  and  a  Repub- 
lican in  politics,  and  a  member  for  many 
years  of  the  Reformed  church.  While  ac- 
tive in  the  business  interests  and  moral 
and  religious  growth  of  his  borough  and 
county,  he  was  no  politician  or  office 
seeker.  He  was  a  man  of  great  force  of 
character,  splendid  executive  ability  and 
excellent  judgment.  He  was  a  gentleman 
in  the  best  and  truest  sense  of  the  word, 
gentle  but  manly,  the  enemy  of  nothing  but 
what  was  wrong  and  the  friend  of  every- 
thing noble,  true  and  right.  He  was  a 
representative  business  man,  and  a  noble 
spirited  citizen,  who  enjoyed  the  respect  of 
all  who  knew  him.  He  possessed  a  strong 
love  for  home  and  for  the  domestic  circle, 
and  preferred  the  society  and  endearments 
of  his  family  and  devoted  friends  more 
than  the  honor  of  political  life,  or  the  meed 
of  popular  applause.  Earnest,  noble  and 
faithful  in  life,  he  passed  calmly  and 
trustingly  into  the  valley  of  the  shadow 
of  death,  and  his  spirit  left  its  earth- 
clay  casket  on  January  4th,  1882.  His  re- 
mains were  interred  with  appropriate  cere- 
monies in  a  beautiful  spot  in  Mount  Olivet 
cemetery.  No  man's  death  for  many  years  . 
in  the  southwestern  part  of  York  county 
was  more  generally  felt  or  called  forth  such 
an  outspoken  expression  of  sorrow,  for  he 
was  deeply  loved  by  his  family  and  wide 
circle  of  friends,  and  singularly  fortunate  in 


NiN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


205 


the  possession  of  the  esteem  of  the  com- 
munity. 

JAMES  UNDERWOOD,  deceased,  late 
a  prominent  resident  of  CarHsle,  was  a 
son  of  John  and  Sarah  (Morri- 
son) Underwood,  and  a  native  of  the  town 
of  his  residence.  He  was  born  October  14, 
1739,  and  died  November  8th,  1834.  He 
was  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry,  his  father 
John  Underwood,  having  been  born  in 
county  Antrim,  Ireland,  of  Scotch  Presby- 
terian parents.  The  grandfather  was  a 
mere  boy  when  he  left  Scotland.  His 
grandmother's  maiden  name  was  Nancy 
Henry.  The  father  of  James  Underwood 
left  Ireland  in  1775  and  after  his  arrival  at 
Philadelphia  in  June  of  that  year,  settled  in 
Lancaster  county,  eight  miles  east  of  the 
town  of  Lancaster,  and  served  in  the  War 
of  the  Revolution.  His  first  commission 
from  the  Assembly  of  the  colony,  which  is 
still  treasured  by  his  descendants  as  a  prec- 
ious heirloom,  bears  date  of  March  15, 1776, 
and  is  signed  "John  Morton,  Speaker."  It 
appointed  him  ensign  of  the  fifth  battalion 
of  associates  of  the  county  of  Lancaster  for 
the  defense  of  American  liberty.  Later  he 
served  as  captain  in  the  Continental  army. 
He  was  twice  married  first  to  Janet  Mc- 
Cord,  of  whose  children  William  B.  Under- 
wood, born  in  Lancaster  County,  March  8, 
1779,  alone  survived.  William  was  a  stu- 
dent of  the  class  of  1800  at  Dickinson  Col- 
lege, became  a  printer  and  in  1814  estab- 
lished the  American  Volunteer  at  Carlisle, 
associating  with  him  as  editor  and  proprie- 
tor, James,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  a  half 
brother,  being  a  son  by  his  father's  second 
wife,  Sarah  Morrison,  who  was  also  a  na- 
tive of  county  Antrim,  and  like  the  Under- 
woods of  Scotch  Presbyterian  parentage. 
She  came  to  America  with  her  brother  John 
Morrison.  In  1788  John  Underwood  re- 
moved to  Carlisle  and  engaged  in  general 


merchandizing.  He  became  the  father  of 
six  children  by  Sarah  Morrison:  James, 
Janet,  Sally,  Morrison,  Joseph  and  Ann. 
Janet  and  Sally  died  in  infancy.  Joseph 
was  born  April  8,  1798,  and  died  unmar- 
ried February  tenth,  1823. 

James  Underwood  served  one  year  on 
the    Niagara    frontier    during    the    war    of 

1812.  He  was  a  member  of  Captain  J.  H. 
Moore's  company,  First  Baltimore  volun- 
teers and  participated  in  the  battles  of  York 
and  Fort  George,  Canada.     September  8, 

1813,  he  was  honorably  discharged  at  Lew- 
iston,  his  term  of  service  having  expired. 
In  1818  he  was  married  at  Carlisle,  Penna., 
to  Catherine,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  and 
Mary  Scott  Goddard.  Thomas  Goddard 
was  born  of  English  parents  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  and  Alary  Scott  was  a  native  of  Lon- 
don, England.  They  were  married  at  Hal- 
ifax, Nova  Scotia,  and  removed  to  New 
York  in  1785.  Their  daughter  Catharine, 
wife  of  James  Underwood,  was  born  in 
1796.  Six  children  were  born  to  the  Un- 
derwoods: Sarah  Morrison,  Mary  Scott, 
Martha  Ker,  Anne  Harriet,  Edmund  and 
John  Morrison,  only  two  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing at  this  time:  Mary,  widow  of  Dr.  Isa- 
iah ChampHn  Loomis,  who  resides  with 
her  daughter,  Mrs.  S.  T.  Milbourne,  at 
Cambridge,  Maryland;  and  Anne  Harriet 
Underwood,  who  lives  in  the  old  home  in 
Carlisle,  Pa.  Of  Mrs.  Loomis'  children 
Edmund  U.,  an  officer  in  the  U.  S.  Navy 
was  lost  on  the  ill-fated  ship  Huron,  in 
1877. 

Martha  Ker  Underwood,  the  3rd  daugh- 
ter of  our  subject,  graduated  from  the 
Steubenville,  Ohio,  seminary  and  taught  in 
the  Carlisle  schools  for  thirty  years.  For 
sixteen  years  she  was  principal  of  the  girls' 
High  School.  She  died  in  1890.  Her  sis- 
ter, Anne,  taught  from  1858  to  1873  i"  the 
same  schools.  Edmund  the  eldest  son  was 
born  in  1828 — he  served  with  the  volun- 


H 


206 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


?eers  in  Mexico,  in  Captain  E.  C.  William's 
"Cameron  Guards."  In  1848  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  regular  army  lieutenant.  In  1852 
he  married  Mary  Beardsley  of  Otsego  Co., 
New  York.  He  was  stationed  at  various 
army  posts  on  the  Pacific  Coast  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War,  when  he  was 
ordered  east  to  active  service.  He  died  at 
Utica,  New  York,  September  5,  1863,  from 
sickness  broug'ht  on  by  exposure  in  the 
line  of  duty.  He  had  been  mustering  and 
disbursing  officer  for  some  time  just  prev- 
ious to  his  death  and  had  attained  the  rank 
of  major.  A  son,  Edmund  Beardsley  Un- 
derwood, is  now  lieutenant  in  the  navy  and 
instructor  at  the  naval  academy,  Annapolis, 
Md.  His  wife  was  Charlotte,  only  daugh- 
ter of  Professor  E.  J.  Hamilton,  of  Oswego, 
New  York.  His  brother  Champlin  Loo- 
mis  Underwood  married  Deborah  Cress- 
well,  of  Overbrook,  Pennsylvania.  John 
Morrison  Underwood,  youngest  son  of 
James  and  Catherine  Underwood,  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  and  at  Dickin- 
son College,  class  of  '53,  Carlisle,  studied 
law,  located  at  Greensburg,  Westmoreland 
county,  Pa.,  in  1855,  elected  District  Attor- 
ney'in  1856.  His  health  failing,  he  return- 
ed to  Carlisle  in  1861.     He  died  in  1862. 

Morrison  Underwood,  a  brother  of 
James,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  became  a 
promient  business  man  and  banker  at 
Greensburg  and  Pittsburg,  but  after  the 
death  of  his  wife  in  1876,  he  returned  to 
Carlisle,  his  native  place,  where  he  died  in 
1885.  His  sister  Ann  married  Ephraim 
Steele  in  1831.  They  had  eight  children, 
three  of  whom  survive.  Mrs.  Ann  Steele 
died  in  1880. 

The  remains  of  John  Underwood,  father 
of  our  subject,  and  of  the  majority  of  the 
descendants  repose  in  the  old  graveyard 
southeast  of  the  borough  of  Carlisle  which 
was  originally  given  by  the  Penns  for  the 
purpose  of  a  burial  ground. 


REV.  JACOB  BOAS  was  born  in  Read- 
ing, Pennsylvania,  November  15, 
181 5,  and  died  of  paralysis  of  the  heart  in 
Carlisle,  Pennsylvania,  April  4,  1884,  aged 
sixty-eight  years,  four  months  and  nineteen 
days. 

He  was  of  German  ancestry  and  his  great- 
grandfather, who  was  a  Reformed  minister, 
emigrated  from  the  Fatherland  to  this  coun- 
try. Here  he  labored  faithfully  in  the  ser- 
vice of  his  church  and  was  a  highly  re- 
spected and  God-fearing  man.  He  had  a 
son  named  Daniel  who  was  the  father  of 
our  subject.  Daniel  married  Catharine 
Goodman.  Our  subject  was  converted  at 
the  age  of  fifteen  and  when  but  seventeen 
and  a  half  years  old  attended  the  Eastern 
Conference  of  the  United  Evangelical 
church  held  at  Orwigsburg,  June  3,  1833, 
and  was  admitted  into  the  itinerancy,  being 
the  youngest  man  ever  known  to  have  been 
received  into  traveling  connection  with  the 
church. 

In  1844  he  married  Rebecca  Kurtz,  who 
survives  him.  Five  children  were  born  to 
him:  D.  K.,  A.  D.,  J.  E.,  E.  B.,  and  Mrs. 
L.  B  Hoflfer.  The  eldest  daughter  is  the 
wife  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  M.  Ettinger.  In 
1834  Rev.  Boas  traversed  Lake  Circuit, 
New  York;  1835,  Indiana  Circuit;  1836, 
Erie  Circuit;  1837,  Miami  Circuit.  This 
year  he  was  sent  by  the  presiding  elder  to 
Illinois,  where  he  formed  the  first  circuit 
of  his  church,  west  of  Chicago.  He  served 
Canton  Circuit,  Ohio,  in  1838.  Bedford  cir- 
cuit 1839,  and  from  1840  to  1841  was  mis- 
sionary to  Baltimore.  Here  his  labors  re- 
sulted in  laying  the  foundation  of  the  sub- 
stantial and  prosperous  work  of  his  church 
in  that  city.  In  1842  and  1843  he  traveled 
Cumberland  circuit;  1844  and  1845  Gettys- 
burg circuit;  1846  Baltimore  city;  1847 
York;  from  1848  to  1851  was  presiding  el- 
der of  the  Baltimore  district;  from  1852  to 
1855  Centre  district  and  in  1856,  Baltimore 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


207 


district  again.  In  1857  his  health  having 
failed,  he  took  a  superannuated  relation 
which  he  sustained  until  1872,  when  he 
took  a  Perry  circuit  serving  it  for  four  years, 
from  1873  to  1877.  He  traveled  Jersey 
Shore  circuit  from  1879  to  1880;  Big  Spring 
circuit  from  1881  to  1882,  taking  a  super- 
annuated relation  again  the  year  following. 
Rev.  Boas  was  a  genial,  sympathizing,  af- 
fectionate pastor  and  an  able  and  faithful 
preacher.  His  sermons  were  forcibly 
Scriptural.  His  prayers  were  humble,  ten- 
der, child-like.  He  seemed  to  excel  in  his 
local  church  work  as  a  Sunday  school 
teacher.  He  was  the  pastor's  helper  and 
counsellor,  an  affectionate  husband,  a  kind 
father,  a  consistent  friend,  a  cheerful  Chris- 
tian and  a  patient  sufferer.  By  his  last 
illness  he  was  confined  to  his  house  nearly 
three  months,  though  confined  to  his  bed 
but  little  over  a  week.  As  the  end  drew 
near  he  had  no  doubt  nor  misgivings.  At 
one  time  he  said,  "I  have  no  clouds,  no 
fears,  no  doubts."  After  bidding  his  be- 
loved wife,  children,  physician  and  others 
farewell  he  quoted  passages  of  Scripture 
and  quietly  passed  beyond.  His  funeral 
services  were  held  April  7th,  in  the  St 
Paul  Evangelical  church  of  Carlisle. 

DAVID  E.  SMALL,  a  great-great- 
grand  son  of  Lorenz,  gjeat-grand- 
son  of  Killian,  grandson  of  Joseph,  and 
son  of  Henry  Small,  was  born  December 
3,  1824,  and  died  March  25,  1883.  He  was 
one  of  the  most  enterprising  and  public 
spirited  men  that  York  has  known.  At 
the  age  of  thirteen,  he  left  York  County 
Academy  and  entered  the  store  of  his 
father's  cousins,  P.  A.  &  S.  Small,  and  be- 
came one  of  the  family  of  Samuel  Small. 
He  rose  from  one  position  to  another,  and 
soon  demonstrated  that  he  had  learned  the 
important  principles  of  a  prosperous  and 
successful  business  career.     In  1845  he  en- 


gaged with  his  father  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness, and  two  years  later  the  firm  became 
H.  Small  &  Sons.  In  1852  he  entered 
into  partnership  with  Charles  Billmyer,  for 
the  manufacture  of  railway  cars  in  York, 
which  business  greatly  prospered.  In  1853 
while  conducting  a  gentleman  through  the 
shops,  his  clothing  caught  in  the  rapidly 
revolving  machinery,  from  which  accident 
he  lost  his  right  arm.  He,  however,  re- 
sumed business  in  a  few  weeks.  Upon  the 
death  of  Mr.  Billmyer,  the  firm  became 
Billmyer  &  Small  Company  and  Mr.  Small 
was  made  its  president.  He  also  became 
a  prominent  stockholder  in  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  and  in  1874,  was  appointed 
on  a  special  committee  to  examine  and  re- 
port the  condition  of  that  road  and  all  its 
branches.  He  was  elected  president  of  the 
First  National  Bank  of  York,  in  1867,  and 
continued  as  such  until  December,  1876. 
He  was  chosen  president  of  the  York  Gas 
company,  director  of  the  York  Water  com- 
pany, director  in  the  Lochiel  and  Wrights- 
ville  Iron  works,  a  member  of  the  school 
board,  trustee  of  the  York  County  Acad- 
emy, Collegiate  Institute,  Orphans'  Home 
and  York  Hospital,  and  likewise  served  as 
president  for  many  years  of  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association  of  York. 

Mr.  Small  was  an  earnest  and  consistent 
advocate  of  temperance  and  wielded  a  pow- 
erful influence  for  good  in  any  cause  or 
enterprise  he  supported.  He  was  unusu- 
ally active  in  church  and  general  philan- 
thropic work,  frequently  representing  the 
church  in  Synod  and  General  Assembly, 
served  on  important  committees  during 
the  church's  most  critical  history  and  was 
particularly  active  in  the  Sunday  school 
and  other  auxiliary  departments  of  the 
church.  He  attempted  on  three  different 
occasions  to  enlist  in  the  active  defense  of 
the  nation  during  the  late  Civil  War  and 
was  as  often  rejected  on  account  of  physi- 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


cal  disability.  Subsequently  he  entered 
the  secret  service  of  the  United  States  gov- 
ernment and  did  excellent  service.  He 
filled  a  great  many  responsible  positions 
by  reason  of  his  preeminent  executive  ca- 
pacity, and  had  a  wonderful  faculty  for  the 
rapid  transaction  and  dispatch  of  business. 
In  the  year  1876,  his  nervous  system  gave 
way  and  from  that  time  to  his  death  he 
never  fully  recovered  his  health.  He  was 
a  Republican  in  politics  and  an  active  mem- 
ber and  elder  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 

In  1849  David  E.  Small  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Mary  Ann  Fulton.  There 
survive  five  children,  whose  names  are  as 
follows:  Henry  Small,  John  Hamilton 
Small,  J.  Frank  Small,  M.  D.,  David  Etter 
Small,  Julia  Agnes  Small. 

REV.  LEWIS  MAYER,  D.  D.  Rev. 
Lewis  Mayer  was  born  at  Lancaster, 
Penn.,  March  26,  1783,  and  was  the  son  of 
George  L.  Mayer,  a  gentleman  of  liberal 
education.  He  received  a  good  German 
and  English  education  in  his  native  town, 
and  at  an  early  age  removed  to  Frederick, 
Md.,  and  began  business.  Being  better 
suited  to  books,  he  then  determined  to  en- 
ter the  ministry.  He  made  rapid  progress 
in  classical  and  theological  studies,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1807,  by  the  Re- 
formed Synod,  which  met  that  year  at  New 
Holland,  Lancaster  county.  He  is  sup- 
posed to  have  preached  at  Frederick  the 
first  year  of  his  ministry.  In  1808  he  accep- 
ted a  call  to  the  Shepherdstown,  W.  Va., 
charge,  where  he  officiated  twelve  years. 
In  this  position  he  succeeded  well,  and  soon 
became  one  of  the  most  prominent  minis- 
ters of  his  church.  In  1821  he  was  called 
to  the  Reformed  church  of  York,  which 
position  he  filled  until  his  election  to  pre- 
side over  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the 
German  Reformed  Church,  which  was  es- 
tablished in  1820,  at  Carlisle.     Mr.  Mayer 


resigned  his  charge  in  York  in  1825,  and 
went  to  Carlisle  and  commenced  operations 
as  its  president.  In  1829  the  seminary  was 
removed  to  York,  where  it  rapidly  in- 
creased in  number  of  pupils  and  influence 
under  his  direction  and  care.  This  year 
the  Reformed  Dutch  College,  at  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.,  conferred  upon  Mr. 
Mayer  the  honorary  degree  of  doctor  of 
divinity.  In  1835  the  synod  determined  to 
remove  the  seminary  to  Mercersburg,  when 
Dr.  Mayer  resigned  his  professorship,  and 
determined  to  remain  at  York.  He  spent 
the  remainder  of  his  life  in  literary  labors. 
He  was  favorably  known  as  a  scholar,  min- 
ister and  author.  He  was  a  great  student, 
a  deep  and  correct  thinker.  For  a  long 
time  he  edited  the  German  Reformed  Mes- 
senger and  Magazine.  Among  his  works 
are  "Sin  Against  the  Holy  Ghost,"  "Lec- 
tures on  Scriptural  Subjects,"  "Hermeneu- 
tics  and  Exegesis,"  "History  of  the  Ger- 
man Reformed  Church."  He  was  twice 
married.  His  first  wife  was  Catharine 
Line.  By  this  marriage  they  had  six  chil- 
dren, one  of  whom  was  John  L.  Mayer,  for 
many  years  a  prominent  lawyer  of  York. 
His  second  wife  was  Mary  Smith.  Dr. 
Mayer,  who  did  not  enjoy  good  health  for 
many  years,  died  of  dysentery  on  August 
25,  1849- 

HON.  HENRY  NFS,  M.  D.  Hon. 
Henry  Nes,  M.  D.,  was  born  in 
York,  in  1799;  received  a  liberal  educa- 
tion; studied  medicine,  and  practiced  for 
many  years;  filled  several  local  offices;  was 
elected  to  represent  York  County  in  the 
Twenty-eighth  Congress,  as  an  Independ- 
ent, receiving  4,016  votes  against  3,413 
votes  for  Dr.  Alexander  Small,  Democrat, 
serving  from  December  4,  1843,  to  March 
3,  1845;  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Thir- 
tieth Congress  as  a  Whig;  and  was  re- 
elected  to   the   Thirty-first   Congress,   re- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


2og 


ceiving  6,599  votes  against  5,989  votes  for 
J.  B.  Banner,  the  Democratic  candidate, 
serving  from  December  6,  1847,  to  Septem- 
ber 10,  1850,  when  he  died  at  York.  Dr. 
Nes  was  a  man  of  remarkable  popularity, 
and  possessed  an  extraordinary  faculty  for 
electioneering.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  when  ex-Presi- 
dent John  Quincy  Adams,  then  a  fellow 
member,  fell  from  his  chair  from  a  stroke 
of  apoplexy.  Dr.  Nes  was  one  of  his  at- 
tending physicians. 

GEN.  WILLIAM  B.  FRANKLIN. 
William  B.  Frankhn  was  born  in 
York,  Pa.,  February  27,  1823.  He  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  military  academy  from  this 
district  and  graduated  at  West  Point,  in 
1843,  ^t  the  head  of  his  class.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  184s  he  accompanied  Brig.  Gen. 
Kearney  on  an  expedition  to  the  South 
Pass  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  In  the  war 
with  Mexico  he  served  on  the  staff  of  Gen. 
Taylor  at  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista,  and 
was  breveted  first  lieutenant  for  his  part  in 
it.  In  1848  he  became  assistant  professor 
of  natural  and  experimental  philosophy  at 
West  Point.  In  1852  he  was  appointed 
professor  of  the  same  science,  together 
with  civil  engineering  at  the  New  York 
City  Free  Academy.  During  the  next 
eight  years  he  was  continually  employed 
as  consulting  engineer  and  inspector  on 
various  public  works.  He  was  engineer 
secretary  of  the  lighthouse  board,  and  su- 
perintendent of  the  capitol  extension,  and 
other  government  buildings  in  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 

In  May  14,  1861,  he  was  appointed  col- 
onel of  the  Twelfth  Regiment  of  Infantry, 
and  in  July  was  assigned  a  brigade  in 
Heintzelman's  division  of  the  army  of 
northeast  Virginia.  At  the  disastrous  bat- 
tle of  Bull  Run,  according  to  the  ofificial 
report  of  Gen.  McDowell,  he  was  "in  the 


hottest  of  the  fight."  In  August  he  was 
made  brigadier  general  of  volunteers,  his 
commission  to  date  from  May  17,  1861.  In 
September  he  was  appointed  to  the  com- 
mand of  a  division  in  the  Army  of  the  Po- 
tomac. He  was  sent  to  reinforce  Gen.  Mc- 
Clellan.  After  the  evacuation  of  Yorktown 
he  transported  his  division  by  water  to 
West  Point,  on  York  river,  and  repulsed 
the  enemy  under  Gens.  Whiting  and  G.  W. 
Smith,  who  attempted  to  prevent  his  land- 
ing May  7,   1862. 

During  the  movement  to  the  James 
River,  which  began  June  27,  he  repulsed 
the  enemy  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Chick- 
ahominy,  June  zj  and  28,  and  again  in  con- 
junction with  the  corps  of  Gen.  Summer, 
at  Savage's  Station,  June  29  also  com- 
manded ai.  battle  of  White  Oak  Swamp 
bridge  on  the  30th.  He  was  promoted  to 
rank  of  major-general  of  volunteers  July 
4,  previously  having  been  appointed  brevet 
brigadier-general  in  regular  army,  June  4. 
In  the  battle  of  South  Mountain  Septem- 
ber 14,  he  distinguished  himself  by  storm- 
ing Crampton's  Gap.  He  was  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Antietam,  September  17,  and  in  No- 
vember was  placed  in  command  of  the  left 
grand  division  of  the  Army  of  Potomac, 
including  the  First  and  Sixth  Corps,  which 
he  commanded  in  the  battle  of  Fredericks- 
burg, December  13.  The  next  year  he  was 
transferred  to  the  department  of  the  Gulf, 
commanded  the  expedition  to  Sabine  Pass, 
1863,  and  was  second  in  command  in 
Bank's  Red  River  expedition,  April,  1864,. 
being  in  the  battle  of  Sabine  Cross  Roads. 
His  capture  by  and  escape  from  Maj.  Harry 
Gilmore,  of  the  Confederate  Army,  which 
occurred  near  Baltimore,  when  he  was  on 
his  way  from  Washington  to  New  York,  is 
a  very  interesting  chapter  of  his  life.  He 
was  breveted  major-general  in  United 
States  Army  in  1865,  and  resigned  March 
15,     1866.     He     was     vice     president     of 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Colt's  Manufacturing  Company,  of  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  and  held  many  positions 
of  trust  in  his  adopted  city  and  State.  He 
was  consulting  engineer  of  the  commission 
for  the  erection  of  the  new  State  House. 
He  was  a  director  of  the  Connecticut  Mu- 
tual Life  Insurance  Company  and  held  sev- 
eral other  positions  of  prominence  and  re- 
sponsibility. 

In  1875  he  was  one  of  the  commissioners 
of  the  Centennial  Exposition,  chairman  of 
the  department  of  engineering  and  archi- 
tecture. In  the  same  year  he  was  chosen 
one  of  the  electors  for  President  from  that 
State  throwing  his  vote  for  Tilden.  In  June, 
1880,  he  was  elected  by  Congress  a  member 
of  the  board  of  changers  of  the  National 
House  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers.  In 
July,  1880,  he  was  elected  president  and 
treasurer  of  the  board.  His  term  expired 
in  1884,  when  he  was  re-elected  to  serve 
for  six  years. 

DAVID  JAMESON.  David  Jameson 
was  born  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland, 
about  171 5,  and  graduated  at  the  medical 
school  of  the  celebrated  university  of  that 
ancient  city.  He  immigrated  to  America 
about  the  year  1740,  accompanied  by  his 
friend  and  fellow-surgeon,  Hugh  Mercer, 
afterward  distinguished  in  his  profession 
and  as  a  general  officer  of  the  Revolution- 
ary Army.  He  landed  at  Charleston,  S. 
C,  and,  after  a  brief  sojourn  there,  removed 
to  Pennsylvania;  resided  for  some  time  at 
Shippensburg,  and  finally  settled  at  York, 
in  that  province,  where  his  name  and  fame 
yet  linger,  and  where  a  number  of  his  de- 
scendants of  the  fourth  and  fifth  genera- 
tions still  reside.  He  became  an  officer  of 
the  provincial  forces  of  Pennsylvania  and 
attained  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  in 
the  same,  and  of  colonel  in  the  militia  of 
Pennsylvania,  in  the  Revolutionary  war.* 

*The    commissions    (military   and   civic; — now 


He  also  held,  by  executive  appointment, 
civic  offices  in  the  county  of  York.  The 
only  ones  of  which  any  record  is  found  are 
those  of  justice  of  the  peace,  the  appoint- 
ments bearing  date  October,  1754,  and 
June,  1777 — (Glossbrenner's  History  of 
York  County,  1834) — and  a  special  com- 
mission to  him  and  his  associate,  Martin 
Eichelberger,  Esq.,  to  try  certain  offenders. 

During  the  French  and  Indian  war 
(1756)  many  murders  and  depredations 
were  committed  by  the  Indians  on  the 
frontier  of  Pennsylvania,  extending  to  all 
the  settlements  from  Carlisle  to  Pittsburg. 
A  road  had  been  opened  from  Carlisle 
through  Cumberland  county,  which  crossed 
the  North  Mountain  at  a  place  since  called 
Stra(w)sburg;  thence  to  Bedford  and  to 
Fort  du  Quesne  (now  Pittsburgh).  Near 
Sideling  Hill  was  erected  a  log  fort  called 
Fort  Lyttleton  on  this  road — since  the 
"Burnt  Cabins."  This  fort  was  constructed 
of  logs  and  surrounded  with  a  stockade 
work.  Here  we  first  find  Capt.  Jameson 
in  his  military  movements.  He  was  ap- 
pointed an  ensign  by  the  proprietary  gov- 
ernor of  Pennsylvania  but  at  what  precise 
period  we  are  not  informed.  He  very 
soon  rose  to  the  rank  of  captain  without  an 
intermediate  lieutenancy. 

During  his  frontier  service,  Capt.  Jame- 
son was  dangerously  wounded  in  an  en- 
gagement with  Indians,  near  Fort  Lyttle- 
ton, at  Sideling  Hill,  on  the  road  from  Car- 
lisle to  Pittsburg,  then  Fort  du  Quesne. 
His  sufferings  and  perils  (being  left  for 
dead  on  the  field),  and  rescue  make  a 
thrilling  narative. 

It  became  necessary  for  him  to  repair  to 
Philadelphia  for  medical  aid,  but  it  was  but 


much  worn  and  obliterated  by  time — held  by  him, 
except  that  of  ensign,  are  in  the  possession  of  his 
great-grandson,  Brevet  Brig. -Gen.  Horatio  Gates 
Gibson,  Colonel  of  the  Third  Regiment  of  Artil- 
lery, United  States  Army. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


a  few  months  till  he  assumed  the  field 
again,  though  he  did  not  recover  fully  for 
six  years.  He  afterward  discharged  the 
duties  of  brigade-major,  and  also  of  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, all  of  which  he  did  to  the 
entire  satisfaction  of  the  appointing  power, 
at  Carlisle  and  at  different  ponts,  then  on 
the  frontier  of  Pennsylvania. 

Capt.  Jameson  had  been  educated  a 
physician,  yet  his  ambition  had  prompted 
him  to  solicit  a  command  and  to  share  in 
the  dangers  of  the  field.  This  did  not  in- 
terfere with  his  humane  prompting  to  de- 
vote a  portion  of  his  time  to  the  sick  and 
wounded,  and  we  have  seen  a  letter  writ- 
ten by  Dr.  Rush,  in  which  he  says:  "I  well 
remember  to  have  seen  your  father  (Dr. 
Jameson)  dress  the  wound  received  in  the 
shoulder  by  Gen.  Armstrong,  at  the  battle 
of  Kitanning." 

In  Scott's  geographical  description  of 
Pennsylvania,  1805,  the  following  is  found: 

"Capt.  Jameson  is  described  by  Burd  as 
a  'gentleman  of  education,  who  does  his 
duty  well  and  is  an  exceedingly  good  offi- 
cer.' " 

"Col.  David  Jameson  had  command  of 
Fort  Hunter,  Fort  Augusta,  Fort  Augh- 
wick,  and  was  at  the  battle  of  Loyal 
Hanna,  March  14,  1769." 

Col.  Jameson's  age,  on  reaching  this 
country,  could  not  have  been  less  than  five 
and  twenty  years,  for  the  medical  school  of 
the  famed  University  of  Edinboro'  town 
then,  as  now,  required  six  years'  matricula- 
tion. In  the  French  and  Indian  war,  he 
must  have  attained  the  ripe  age  of  forty. 
When  the  English  colonies  of  America  en- 
tered upon  their  long  struggle  for  national 
independence,  although  he  had  passed  the 
limit  of  age  for  military  service,  and  his 
natural  force  had  somewhat  abated,  and  ad- 
vancing years  and  wounds  had  in  a  meas- 
ure enfeebled  his  physical  powers,  he  never- 
theless seems  to  have  been  active  and  effi- 


cient, joining  at  the  age  of  sixty  "a  march- 
ing regiment"  to  reinforce  the  Army  of 
Washington,  and  otherwise  aiding  "the 
grand  cause"  of  his  country. 

The  following  letter  is  from  the  Com- 
mittee of  York  county  to  the  Committee  of 
Safety  in  Philadelphia,  dated  December  31, 
1876: 

"In  these  times  of  Difficulty  several  gen- 
tlemen have  exerted  themselves  much  in 
the  Grand  Cause.  Several  Militia  Com- 
panys  have  marched ;  more  will  march  from 
this  county,  so  as  in  the  whole  to  compose 
at  least  a  pretty  good  Battalion.  The  gen- 
tlemen who  deserve  the  most  from  the  pub- 
lick  are  David  Jameson,  Hugh  Denwoody, 
Charles  Lukens  and  Mr.  George  Eichel- 
berger.  They  have  been  exceedingly  use- 
ful. As  most  of  the  Companys  who  have 
marched  have  chosen  their  officers,  pro 
Tempore,  an  arrangement  will  be  necessary 
as  to  Field  Officers.  We  propose  David 
Jameson,  Col.,  Hugh  Denwoody,  Lt.  Colo- 
nel, Charles  Lukens,  Major  and  'George 
Eichelberger,  Quartermaster  of  the  York 
County  Militia,  who  now  march.  It  will 
be  doing  Justice  to  merit  to  make  the  ap- 
pointm't,  and  we  make,  no  Doubt,  it  will 
be  done  by  your  Board.  We  congratulate 
you  on  the  Success  of  the  American  Arms 
at  Trenton." 

It  is  also  stated,  on  the  authority  of  his 
son,  Dr.  H.  G.  Jameson,  "that  he  had  de- 
spoiled his  fair  estate  near  York  of  acres 
of  its  fine  woodland,  in  order  to  contribute 
without  money  and  without  price,  to  the 
aid  of  "the  Grand  Cause." 

The  intimate  friend  of  Hugh  Mercer, 
Benjamin  Rush,  James  Smith,  and  Horatio 
Gates,  and  well  known  to  other  illustrious 
men  of  the  Revolution,  it  is  much  to  be  re- 
gretted that  the  story  of  the  life  of  a  soldier 
of 

"good  old  colony  times 
When  we  lived  under  tlie  King," 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


cannot  be  made  more  complete  than  the 
fragmentary  records  left  behind  him  en- 
able his  descendants  to  do. 

After  the  close  of  his  military  service  un- 
der the  province  of  Pennsylvania,  David 
Jameson  practiced  his  profession  in  York, 
(interrupted  only  by  the  period  of  his  ser- 
vice in  the  Revolution),  and  died  in  York 
during  the  last  decade  of  the  last  century, 
leaving  a  widow  and  children.  In  a 
memoir,  prefacing  a  sketch  of  his  services 
during  the  French  and  Indian  war,  and  un- 
der the  Province,  by  his  son,  Horatio 
Gates  Jameson,  M.  D.,  the  following  refer- 
ence is  made  to  his  abode  near  York: 

"The  spacious  domain  near  the  ancient 
borough  of  York,  which,  with  a  refined  and 
cultivated  taste,  he  adorned  and  beautified 
— though  not  after  the  manner  (which 
could  not  be),  of  his  ancestral  home  in 
"Bonnie  Scotland,"  yet  adding  to  its  nat- 
ural beauty  all  that  art  could  devise  to 
make  it  fair  to  view;  and  where  he  dis- 
pensed a  generous  and  graceful  hospitality 
— has  passed,  as  usual  in  our  country,  out 
of  the  hands  of  his  posterity;  the  last  poss- 
essor of  the  blood  (about  1869)  being  his 
great-grandson,  Gates  Jameson  Weiser, 
Esq." 

Col.  Jameson  married  Emily  Davis,  by 
whom  he  had  eleven  children. — Thomas, 
James,  Horatio  Gates,  David,  Joseph, 
Nancy,  Cassandra,  Henrietta,  Emily  and 
Rachel.  His  sons  all  became  physicians. 
Thomas  settled  in  practice  in  York,  James 
in  Allentown,  Pa.,  Horatio  Gates  in  Balti- 
more, and  David  and  Joseph  in  Columbus, 
Ohio,  and  all  left  descendants. 

HORATIO  GATES  JAMESON,  M. 
D.,  was  born  in  York  in  1778,  and 
married  August  3,  1797,  Catharine  Shevell 
(Chevell),  of  Somerset,  Pa.,  (where  he  then 
abode),  and  had  issue:  Cassandra,  Eliza- 
beth, Rush,  Catharine,  Alexander  Cobean, 


David  Davis,  Horatio  Gates.  He  seems  to 
have  sojourned,  after  his  marriage,  in  Som- 
erset, Wheeling,  Adamstown  and  Gettys- 
burg, until  about  1810,  when  he  removed 
to  Baltimore,  where  he  established  himself 
permanently  in  practice,  founded  and  be- 
came president  of  the  Washington  Medical 
College,  and,  at  one  time,  Health  Officer 
of  the  city.  About  1830  Dr.  Jameson  with 
his  wife  and  daughter,  Elizabeth  Gibson, 
made  a  voyage  to  Europe  on  one  of  the 
packets  running  from  Baltimore  to  the 
ports  of  Germany,  and  visited  several  places 
on  the  continent,  but  sojourned  longest  at 
Copenhagen,  Denmark;  to  and  from  the 
American  representative  at  whose  court  he 
was  accredited  as  a  special  bearer  of  dis- 
patches by  the  government  at  Washington. 
While  on  his  return  from  a  trip  to  Texas 
(where  he  had  purchased  lands)  the  faculty 
of  the  Ohio  Medical  College  at  Cincinnatti, 
composed  of  Drs.  Gross,  Drake,  Rives  and 
Rogers — all  celebrities  in  their  profession — 
tendered  him  its  presidency;  accepting 
which,  he  removed  with  his  family  from 
Baltimore  to  Cincinnati  in  October,  1835. 
The  ill  health  of  his  wife  compelled  him  to 
return  to  Baltimore  in  March,  1836,  and 
resume  practice  there.  On  one  (or  two)  of 
his  journeys  between  Texas  or  the  West 
and  Baltimore,  he  was  severely  injured  by 
the  upsetting  of  a  stage  coach  on  the 
mountains  of  (West)  Virginia,  and  was  un- 
able to  rejoin  his  family  for  months.  His 
wife,  Catharine  Shevell  Jameson,  died  in 
Baltimore,  November  i,  1837;  and  he  mar- 
ried in  1852,  a  lady  of  Baltimore,  Hannah 
J.  D.  Ely,  nee  Pearson,  (the  widow  of 
Judah  Ely,  Esq.,  with  a  son,  Jesse  Pearson 
Ely).  Within  the  last  year  of  his  life,  he 
left  Baltimore  and  went  to  York,  to  spend 
his  last  days  among  the  scenes  of  his  child- 
hood— so  fondly  remembered  and  graphi- 
cally described  by  him  in  a  Baltimore  jour- 
nal in  1842.       But  the  hope  and  ambition 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


213 


of  his  life — to  obtain  and  restore  to  the 
family  his  patrimonial  homstead  and  estate 
— he  never  reaUzed;  and  he  died,  unposs- 
essed of  its  acres  and  domicile,  while  on  a 
visit  to  the  city  of  New  York  in  July,  1855 
— the  same  year  in  which  the  ancient 
homestead  was  destroyed  by  fire.  His 
widow  survived  him  nearly  thirty  years, 
and  died  in  the  city  of  Baltimore,  August 
19,  1884,  at  the  ripe  age  of  eighty  years. 

Dr.  Jameson  was  celebrated  for  his  surgi- 
cal skill  and  knowledge,  and  also  had  a  wide 
repute  for  his  successful  treatment  of  chol- 
era— epidemic  in  Baltimore  and  Philadel- 
phia, 1793-98  and  1832.  He  wrote  several 
medical  works,  which  were  accepted  as  au- 
thority by  the  profession,  and  was  an  able 
and  earnest  advocate  of  the  "non-conta- 
gion" theory.  Like  the  great  Dr.  Rush,  he 
belonged  to  the  school  of  the  immortal 
Sangrado  of  Gil  Bias  fame,  whose  theory 
of  practice  obtained  even  unto  the  days  of 
the  writer.  The  earliest  recollection  of  the 
writer's  youth  is  that  of  a  fine  old  English 
engraving,  which  hung  over  the  mantel  in 
his  grand-father's  office.  It  represented 
Galen  discovering  a  skeleton  in  a  forest; 
and  neither  it,  nor  the  lines  engraved  be- 
neath, have  ever  been  effaced  from  the  wri- 
ter's memory.  The  latter  are  reproduced 
here,  as  a  suggestive  indication  that  the 
disciples  of  Galen,  in  those  days,  were  de- 
vout men,  fearing  God: 
Forbear,  vain  man,  to  launch  with  Reason's  eye 
Into  the  vast  depths  of  dark  Immensity  ; 
Nor  think  thy  narrow  but  presumptuous  mind, 
The  last  idea  of  thy  God  can  find  ; 
Though  crowding  thoughts  distract  the  laboring 

brain. 
How  can  Finite  INFINITE  explain  ? 

HANCE  HAMILTON.  Col.  Hance 
Hamilton,  the  first  sherifif  of  York 
County,  and  one  of  the  most  influential  of 
the  early  settlers,  was  born  in  1721,  and  died 
February  2,  1772,  aged  fifty-one  years.  In 


the  first  legal  records  of  York  County,  he 
is  generally  alluded  to  as  of  Cumberland 
Township  (now  Adams  County),  though 
he  probably  died  at  his  mill  property  in 
Menallen  Township;  his  will  having  been 
executed  in  that  township.  The  executors 
named  in  it  are  his  brother,  John  Hamil- 
ton, Robert  McPherson,  Esq.,  and  Samuel 
Edie,  Esq.  The  active  executor  was  Col. 
Robert  McPherson.  His  remains  were  first 
interred  in  what  is  known  as  Black's  grave- 
yard, the  burying-ground  of  the  Upper 
Marsh  Creek  Presbyterian  church,  where 
they  reposed  for  eighty  years,  and  were 
then  disinterred  and  placed  a  short  distance 
south  of  the  eastern  entrance  of  Evergreen 
Cemetery,  at  Gettysburg.  Concerning  the 
headstone,  which  is  now  much  weather- 
beaten,  the  following  receipt  will  be  per- 
used with  interest: 

Received  2nd  of  September,  1772,  of 
Robert  McPherson,  fifteen  shillings,  for 
making  a  headstone  for  Hance  Hamilton's 
grave.  Adam  Ling. 

0-15-0. 

The  signature  to  this  document  is  in  Ger- 
man. Among  the  first  public  trusts  with 
which  Hamilton  was  charged,  was  the  will 
of  his  brother  James  Hamilton,  made  June 
23,  1748,  "in  the  County  of  Lancaster." 
York  County  was  formed  the  next  year.  It 
was  acknowledged  in  the  presence  of  Abra- 
ham Lowry,  William  Brown  and  James 
McGinly.  The  will  was  proven  before  "Sa 
Smith,  Esq.,  of  Newberry  Manor,  west  of 
the  Susquehanna,"  December  22,  1748. 
The  estate  amounted  £139  13s  7d.  York 
County  was  erected  by  an  act  of  Assembly, 
August  19,  1749.  In  October  of  that  year 
an  election  was  held  for  sheriff  and  coroner, 
when  Hance  Hamilton  was  elected  to  the 
former  office,  and  Nicholas  Ryland  to  the 
latter.  These  officers  were  at  that  time 
elected  annually,  and  at  the  next  election  in 
1750,  a  serious  riot  ensued    between    the 


214 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


supporters  of  Hance  Hamilton,  and  those 
of  his  opponent,  Richard  McAlHster,  the 
founder  of  Hanover,  as  a  result  of  which 
the  sheriff  refused  to  go  on  with  the 
election.  The  coroner,  Ryland,  opened 
another  box,  with  other  officers  and 
took  votes  until  evening.  At  the 
general  county  election  in  those  days, 
all  persons  who  voted,  were  required 
to  go  to  York.  There  was  but  one  poll  in 
the  county.  At  the  election,  the  sheriff  is 
represented,  in  his  own  statement,  as  hav- 
ing declined  to  assist  in  counting  the 
tickets,  and  to  make  a  return,  giving  as  the 
reasons  that  he  was  "drove  by  violence  from 
the  place  of  election,  and  by  the  same  vio- 
lence was  prevented  from  returning  there, 
whereby  it  was  not  in  his  power  to  do  his 
duty,  and  therefore  could  not  make  no  re- 
turn." On  a  public  hearing  by  the  Provin- 
cial Governor  and  Council  at  Philadelphia, 
it  was  unanimously  agreed  "that  it  was  not 
owing  to  Hamilton  that  the  election  was 
obstructed,  and  hkewise  that  he  could  not, 
in  his  circumstances,  as  proved  by  the  wit- 
nesses, make  a  return."  The  governor, 
therefore,  granted  Hamilton  a  commission 
as  sheriff  during  his  pleasure.  The  court 
of  York,  in  view  of  the  absence  of  a  return, 
directed  that  the  commissioners  and  asses- 
sors for  the  previous  year,  serve  for  another 
year  until  there  shall  be  a  new  election.  As 
a  result  of  this  riot,  and  consequent  want 
of  a  return,  York  County  was  without  rep- 
resentation in  I  the  General  Assembly  for 
that  year.  In  1751,  Hance  Hamilton  was 
again  re-elected  sheriff,  with  Alexander 
Love  as  coroner.  After  the  expiration  of 
his  term  of  office  as  sheriff,  Hamilton  be- 
came one  of  the  judges  of  the  court  of  com- 
mon pleas  of  York  County.  In  April,  1756, 
as  captain,  he  commanded  a  company  of 
Provincial  troops  from  York  County,  that 
took  part  in  the  French  and  Indian  war. 
He  was  at  Fort  Littleton  (now  in  Fulton 


county),  where  he  wrote  a  letter  describing 
the  capture  by  the  Indians  of  McCord's 
Fort.  He  was  at  Fort  Littleton  in  the  fall 
of  1757.  He  was  also  in  Armstrong's  ex- 
pedition against  Kittaning,  where  a  bloody 
and  important  victory  over  the  Indians 
was  won  by  the  "Scotch-Irish  of  the  bor- 
der." 

On  the  31st  of  May,  1758,  he  was  com- 
missioned by  William  Denny,  Lieutenant- 
Governor,  as  "Lieutenant  Colonel  of  the 
First  Battalion  of  the  Pennsylvania  Regi- 
ment of  foot  soldiers  in  pay  of  the  Prov- 
ince." Col.  Hamilton  carefully  kept  all  his 
business  documents,  and  many  of  them,  in- 
cluding the  executors'  accounts,  were 
in  possession  of  Hon.  Edward  McPherson 
of  Gettysburg.  Among  them  is  his  will, 
dated  January  27,  1772,  only  four  days  be- 
lore  his  death.  It  was  probated  March  11, 
1772,  a  receipt  of  James  McClure  was  given 
los  6d  "for  expenses  laid  out  in  attending 
at  York  to  prove  the  will,"  also  a  receipt  of 
Sarah  Black  for  £3  2s  6d  for  two  gallons  of 
liquor  and  three  gallons  of  rum,  "expended 
at  the  funeral"  of  Hance  Hamilton.  At  the 
"wakes  in  those  days,  it  was  a  common  cus- 
tom to  use  liquors.  His  personal  property 
was  sold  March  19-20,  1772.  Among  the 
articles  advertised  were  "six  negroes,  two 
of  which  are  men  well  acquainted  with 
farming  business,  one  very  likely  wench, 
two  fine  promising  boys  and  one  child." 
There  were  quite  a  number  of  slaves  in  his 
township  at  the  date  of  his  death.  What 
they  brought  is  not  known.  On  the  26th 
of  September,  1760,  "William  Buchanan,  of 
Baltimore  town,"  signed  a  receipt  to  Hance 
Hamilton  of  £200  for  one  negro  man;  £70 
for  one  negro  boy.  Hamilton's  real  estate 
was  sold  April  i,  1773,  to  David  McCon- 
aughy,  Esq.,  Dr.  William  Cathcart  and 
John  Hamilton  as  "trustees  for  his  heirs." 
The  entire  estate  was  about  £3,000  in  Penn- 
sylvania  currency,  nearly  equally   divided 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


215 


between  personal  and  real  property.  This 
was  a  large  amount  for  these  colonial  days. 
Nothing  is  definitely  known  of  his  children, 
except  that  one  of  them  "was  apprenticed" 
in  September,  1767,  to  Dr.  Robert  Boyd,  of 
Lancaster,  to  study  physic  and  surgery,  to 
stay  two  years,  for  a  fee  of  £70  for  instruc- 
tion." He  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1768.  The  children  men- 
tioned in  his  will  are  Thomas,  Edward,  Har- 
riet Sarah,  married  to  Alexander  McKean; 
Mary,  married  to  Hugh  McKean;  Hance 
Gawin,  George,  John,  William  and  James. 
None  of  his  descendants  are  now  living  in 
either  York  or  Adams  county.  In  his  will 
among  many  other  bequests,  he  left  to  his 
son,  Thomas,  a  pair  of  silver-mounted  pis- 
tols, valued  at  iio,  to  his  son,  Hance,  a 
pair  of  brass-barreled  pistols  and  holster, 
valued  at  £5 ;  one  silver  medal,  valued  at  5s ; 
to  his  son  Gawin,  a  silver  snuff  box,  val- 
ued at  £2  los;  George  also  received  a  pair 
of  silver  buckles  appraised  at  12s,  and  John, 
a  silver  watch  appraised  at  £5  los.  It  would 
be  exceedingly  interesting  to  trace  the  his- 
tory of  these  trophies,  but  of  them  nothing 
more  can  be  authoritatively  said,  neither  is 
it  known  where  one  of  them  now  is.  Hance 
Hamilton  was  a  man  of  enterprise,  great 
force  of  character  and  activity  in  public  af- 
fairs. Had  he  lived  during  the  Revolu- 
tionary period,  he  would  doubtless  have  be- 
come a  very  conspicuous  officer  of  that 
eventful  war.  He  was  a  typical  fronti(  rs- 
man,  and  located  as  nearly  as  can  be  deter- 
mined at  first  in  Sir  William  Keith's  tract, 
called  Newberry,  and  in  1746  became  one 
of  the  most  influential  members  of  the 
Scotch-Irish  settlement  on  Marsh  Creek, 
near  the  site  of  Gettysburg.  He  was  first 
chosen  sheriff  of  York  County,  when  but 
twenty-eight  years  of  age,  and  died  sud- 
denly, when  but  fifty-one.  Those  twenty- 
three  years  were  devoted  to  the  care  of  his 
family,  to  the  affairs  of  the  community,  and 


to  the  common  dangers  of  the  period.  He 
died  as  the  Revolutionary  movement  was 
gathering  force.  Had  he  lived  he  would, 
no  doubt,  have  embraced  the  cause  with 
ardor,  and  spent  his  strength,  and  if  need 
be,  his  life,  for  the  freedom  of  his  country. 
Among  the  roll  of  "the  forty-nine  officers  of 
Scotland  in  1649,  was  Sir  Hance  Hamilton, 
who  obtained  adjudicated  lands  in  the 
Province  to  the  amount  of  1,000  acres. 
From  him  Col.  Hance  Hamilton  of  York 
County  doubtless  descended." 

COL.  ROBERT  McPHERSON.  Col. 
Robert  McPherson  was  the  only  son 
of  Robert  and  Janet  McPherson,  who  set- 
tled in  the  western  portion  of  York  county, 
in  the  fall  of  1738  on  the  "Manor  of 
Maske."  He  was  born  presumably 
in  Ireland,  about  1730,  and  was  a 
youth  of  eight  years  on  his  parents 
becoming  part  of  the  well-known 
Marsh  Creek  settlement.  He  was  educa- 
ted at  Rev.  Dr.  Alison's  school  at  New 
London,  Chester  Co.,  Penn.,  which  acad- 
emy was  afterward  removed  to  Newark, 
Delaware,  and  became  the  foundation  of 
the  present  college  at  that  place.  His  father 
died  December  25,  1749,  and  his  mother 
September  23,  1767.  In  1751  he  married 
Agnes,  the  daughter  of  Robert  Miller  of  the 
Cumberland  Valley.  In  1755  he  was  ap- 
pointed treasurer  of  York  County,  and  in 
1756  a  commissioner  of  the  county.  The 
latter  office  he  resigned  on  accepting  a 
commission  as  captain  in  the  Third  Battal- 
ion of  the  Provincial  forces,  May  10,  1758, 
serving  under  General  Forbes  on  his  expe- 
dition against  Fort  Duquesne.  From  1762 
to  1765  he  was  sheriff  of  the  county,  and 
from  1764  to  the  beginning  of  the  Revolu- 
tion was  a  justice  of  the  peace  under  the 
Proprietary,  serving  from  1770  as  President 
Justice  of  the  York  County  Court,  and  was 
re-commissioned  a  justice  under  the  first 


2i6 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


constitution  of  the  State.  From  1765  to 
1767  he  was  a  member  of  the  Provincial 
Assembly,  and  in  1768  was  appointed 
county  treasurer  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Provincial  Conference, 
which  met  at  Carpenter's  Hall,  Philadel- 
phia, June  18,  1778;  and  was  one  of  the 
Representatives  of  York  County  in  1776, 
which  formed  the  first  constitution  of  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania.  At  the  outset  of 
the  war  for  Independence,  he  was  commis- 
sioned a  colonel  of  the  York  County  Bat- 
talion of  Associators,  and  during  this  and 
the  following  year  he  was  in  active  duty  in 
the  Jerseys  and  in  the  subsequent  campaign 
around  Philadelphia.  After  his  return  from 
the  field  he  was  employed  as  the  purchasing 
commissary  of  army  supplies  for  the  west- 
ern end  of  York  County.  In  1779  he  was 
one  of  the  three  "auditors  of  confiscation 
and  fine  accounts."  From  1781  to  1785  he 
served  as  a  member  of  the  assembly  of  the 
State.  Col.  McPherson  was  one  of  the 
charter  members  of  the  corporation  of 
Dickinson  College,  and  continued  to  act  as 
trustee  until  his  death.  He  was  an  elder  in 
the  Upper  Marsh  Creek  Presbyterian 
Church,  which  was  organized  in  1740,  or 
within  two  years  of  the  beginning  of  the 
settlement.  His  death,  from  paralysis,  oc- 
curred February  19,  1789,  his  wife  surviv- 
ing him  until  September  13,  1802.  He  had 
a  large  family.  Two  of  his  sons,  William 
and  Robert,  were  officers  in  the  service  of 
the  Revolution.  Some  of  his  descendants 
remain  in  Adams  County,  but  the  great 
majority  are  scattered  over  the  various 
States  of  the  Union.  For  over  thirty  years 
he  was  one  of  the  most  active,  influential 
and  conspicuous  citizens  of  York  County. 

WILLIAM  McPHERSON.  William 
McPherson,  son  of  Col.  Robert 
was  born  December  2,  1757,  on  the  farm 
settled  by  his  grandfather  in  1738.  He  died 


in  Gettysburg,  August  2,  1832.  He  filled 
sundry  public  trusts  of  a  local  character, 
and  was,  from  1790  to  1799,  a  member  of 
the  general  assembly  of  the  State  for  York 
County,  except  in  1793.  He  actively 
pressed  and  participated  in  the  movement 
for  the  erection  of  Adams  County,  which 
was  accomplished  the  last  year  of  his  pub- 
lic service.  During  the  Revolutionary  war, 
he  served  as  a  lieutenant  in  Capt.  Albright's 
company.  Col.  Miller's  regiment,  and  was 
captured  in  the  battle  of  Long  Island.  The 
British  held  him  a  prisoner  of  war  for  over 
a  year,  during  which  time  he  endured  many 
hardships.  After  the  war  he  became  a  pros- 
perous and  influential  citizen  in  his  vicinity. 
He  was  twice  married,  first  in  1780  to  Mary 
Garrick,  of  Frederick  County,  Maryland, 
and  second  in  1793,  to  Sarah  Reynolds  of 
Shippensburg.  He  was  the  father  of  four- 
teen children,  a  few  of  whom  are  married. 
One  of  his  sons,  John  B.  McPherson,  was 
a  prominent  citizen  of  Adams  County,  and 
for  forty-five  years  was  cashier  of  the  Bank 
of  Gettysburg.  Hon.  Edward  McPherson, 
of  Gettysburg,  for  a  number  of  years  rep- 
resentative in  Congress,  for  nearly  a  quar- 
ter of  a  century  clerk  of  the  United 
States  House  of  Representatives,  and  the 
distinguished  American  Statistician,  is  a 
son  of  John  B.  McPherson,  and  great 
grandchild  of  Col.  Robert  McPherson  of 
Revolutionary  fame.  His  sons  are  of  the 
sixth  generation  of  McPhersons,  who  have 
lived  in  the  same  vicinity  since  the  arrival 
of  their  worthy  ancestors. 

ARCHIBALD  McCLEAN.  Archi- 
bald McClean  was  of  Scottish  ori- 
gin. In  the  year  171 5,  a  portion  of  the 
clan  M'Clean,  or  McClean,  who  were  sup- 
porters of  the  Stuarts,  sought  a  home  near 
Glenairm,  in  the  County  of  Antrim,  Ireland, 
and  with  others  soon  after  emigrated  to 
southern  Pennsylvania.     Among  them  was 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


217 


Archibald  McClean,  who  in  1738  located  in 
the  Marsh  Creek  district  of  York  county, 
near  what  is  now  Gettysburg.  He  soon 
became  a  prominent  surveyor  in  the  Prov- 
ince of  Pennsylvania,  assisted  in  establish- 
ing the  "Middle  Point"  between  Cape  Hen- 
lopen  and  the  Chesapeake,  and  in  locating 
the  great  "Tangent  Line"  through  the  Pe- 
ninsula, and  in  tracing  the  well  known  "arc 
of  the  circle"  around  New  Castle,  Delaware. 
This  was  during  the  years  1760,  1762  and 
1763.  As  a  surveyor  he  was  the  chief  as- 
sociate of  the  celebrated  mathematicians, 
Mason  and  Dixon.  In  running  the  fam- 
ous line  which  bears  their  name,  six  of  his 
brothers  were  also  employed  in  assisting 
to  establish  the  line  from  1763  to  June  4, 
1766,  when  the  party  arrived  as  far  west  as 
the  summit  of  "Little  Allegheny,"  and  were 
there  stopped  by  troublesome  Indians.  On 
June  8,  1767,  Mason  and  Dixon  and  Arch- 
ibald M'Clean  began  to  continue  the  sur- 
vey from  the  top  of  the  "Little  Allegheny, 
accompanied  by  a  delegation  of  friendly  In- 
dians as  an  escort,  against  the  savages.  On 
the  14th  of  June  they  reached  the  top  of 
the  "Great  Allegheny,"  where  fourteen 
more  friendly  Indians  joined  them  as  inter- 
preters. At  this  time  there  were  thirty  as- 
sistant surveyors,  fifteen  ax-men,  and  a 
number  of  Indians.  They  continued  west- 
ward 240  miles  from  Delaware  to  "Dunker 
Creek,"  as  marked  on  their  map.  This  was 
thirty-six  miles  east  of  the  western  limit  of 
the  present  Mason  and  Dixon  line.  The 
balance  was  run  in  1782  and  1784.  Archi- 
bald M'Clean  in  1776  was  chosen  a  member 
of  the  General  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  an  ardent  patriot,  and  the  next  year 
became  chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Safe- 
ty for  York  County,  during  the  Revolution. 
He  served  as  prothonotary  and  register  and 
recorder  of  York  County  from  1777  to 
1786.  At  his  death  his  remains  were  inter- 
red in  the  historic  old  Marsh  Creek  burv- 


ing  ground,  on  a  part  of  what  is  now  the 
famous  battle-field  of  Gettysburg. 

GEN.  HENRY  MILLER.  Gen. 
Henry  Miller  was  born  near  the  city 
of  Lancaster,  Penn.,  on  February  13,  1751, 
Early  attention  was  paid  to  his  education, 
but  his  father,  who  was  a  farmer,  thought  it 
necessary  to  place  his  son  within  the  walls 
of  a  university.  The  high  school  of  Miller, 
as  of  Washington  and  Franklin,  was  the 
world  of  active  life. 

Young  Miller,  having  received  a  good 
English  education,  was  placed  in  the  office 
of  Collison  Reed,  Esq.,  of  Reading,  Penn.^ 
where  he  read  law  and  studied  conveyan- 
cing. Before,  however,  he  completed  his 
studies,  he  removed  to  Yorktown,  in  about 
the  year  1760.  At  this  place  he  pursued 
his  studies  under  the  direction  of  Samuel 
Johnson,  Esq.  At  that  time  Mr.  Johnson 
was  prothonotary  of  York  county  and  in 
his  office  Mr.  Miller  acted  as  clerk. 

The  subject  of  our  memoir  was  married 
on  June  20,  1770,  about  which  time  he  pur- 
chased a  house  in  Yorktown,  and  furnished 
it.  Here  he  supported  his  family  mostly 
by  the  profits  arising  from  conveyancing, 
and  from  his  clerkship;  for  as  he  found  that 
he  did  not  possess  talents  for  public  speak- 
ing, he  devoted  his  industry  and  attention 
to  those  subjects. 

The  war  of  the  Revolution  was  now  ap- 
proaching, and  young  Miller's  noble  soul 
was  kindled  to  a  generous  indignation  as  he 
heard  and  read  of  the  wrongs  of  his  coun- 
try. A  man  like  him  could  not  doubt  a 
moment.  On  June  i,  1775,  he  commenced 
his  march  from  York  to  Cambridge,  Mass. 
He  went  out  as  first  lieutenant  of  a  rifle 
company,  under  the  command  of  Capt. 
Michael  Doudel.  This  company  was  the 
first  that  marched  out  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
was,  too,  the  first  that  arrived  in  Massa- 
chusetts from  any  place  south  of  Long  Is- 


2l8 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


land,  or  west  of  the  Hudson.  The  company 
to  which  he  belonged  was  attached  to  Col. 
Thompson's  rifle  regiment,  which  received 
the  first  commissions  issued  by  congress, 
and  took  rank  of  every  other  regiment. 

On  the  arrival  of  the  company  at  Cam- 
bridge, the  gallantry  and  zeal  of  Miller 
prompted  him  to  attempt  some  military  act 
before  the  remainder  of  the  regiment  could 
arrive.  His  active  mind  immediately  formed 
a  plan  to  surprise  the  British  guard  at  Bun- 
ker Hill.  This  was  the  second  day  after 
his  arrival,  fresh  from  a  march  of  500  miles, 
a  march  which  would  have  deprived  ordi- 
nary men  of  their  fire  of  feeling,  but  which 
left  Miller  in  the  glowing  enthusiasm  of  a 
young  soldier,  impatient  of  delay.  Miller 
submitted  the  plan  to  his  captain,  whose 
courage  was  more  tempered  with  prudence 
and  who  wished  to  decline  engaging  in 
such  an  attack,  alleging,  as  reasons  against 
it,  the  small  number  of  his  own  men  and  his 
want  of  acquaintance  with  the  ground  and 
works.  But  Miller,  who  was  never  checked 
in  his  military  career  by  the  appearance  of 
danger,  informed  his  captain  that  if  he 
should  decline  engaging  personally  in  the 
attack,  he  would  solicit  Gen.  Washington 
to  appoint  him  (Miller)  to  the  command. 
Thus  urged,  the  captain  allowed  his  laud- 
able prudence  to  be  overcome  by  the  ardor 
of  his  gallant  young  lieutenant,  and  his  own 
desire  to  effect  the  capture  of  the  guard. 
The  attempt  was  made — but,  as  the  captain 
had  predicted,  without  accomplishing  the 
object.  They  were  obliged  to  retreat — 
though  not  till  after  several  British  soldiers 
had  bit  the  dust,  and  several  others  were 
prisoners  in  the  hands  of  the  gallant  York- 
ers. Captain  Doudel's  health  being  very 
much  impaired,  he  was  obliged  to  resign 
not  long  afterward  when  Miller  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  command  of  the  company. 
From    that   time    onward    he    was    distin- 


guished as  a  most  enterprising,  intelligent 
and  valuable  officer. 

In  1776,  his  company  with  the  regiment 
to  which  he  belonged,  commanded  at  first 
by  Col.  Thompson,  and  afterward  by  Col. 
Hand,  marched  to  New  York.  In  1777,  on 
the  1 2th  of  November,  he  was  promoted  by 
congress  to  the  ofifice  of  major  in  the  same 
regiment.  In  the  year  following  (1778)  he 
was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel,  comman- 
dant in  the  Second  Regiment  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. In  this  latter  office  he  continued 
until  he  left  the  army. 

Miller  was  engaged,  and  took  an  active 
and  gallant  part,  in  the  several  battles  of 
Long  Island,  York  Island,  White  Plains, 
Trenton,  Princeton,  Head  of  Elk,  Brandy- 
wine,  Germantown,  Monmouth,  and  in  a 
considerable  number  of  other  but  less  im- 
portant conflicts.  At  the  battle  of  Mon- 
mouth, he  displayed  most  signal  bravery. 
Two  horses  were,  during  that  conflict,  suc- 
cessively shot  from  beneath  this  youthful 
hero  and  patriot ;  but  nothing  depressed  the 
vigor  of  his  soul,  for  mounting  a  third  he 
was  in  the  thick  of  the  battle. 

A  companion  in  arms,  writing  of  Miller, 
in  the  year  1801,  says,  "He  was  engaged  in 
most  of  the  battles  of  note  in  the  middle 
States.  It  would  take  much  time  to  enum- 
erate the  many  engagements  he  was  in,  as 
the  general  engagements,  were  such,  as  are 
incident  to  Hght  corps.  It  may,  with  con- 
fidence, be  stated,  that  he  must  have  risked 
his  person  in  fifty  or  sixty  conflicts  with  the 
British  foe.  He  served  with  the  highest 
reputation  as  an  heroic,  intelligent  and  use- 
ful officer."  In  a  letter  of  Washington  to 
Congress  dated  "Trenton  Falls,  December 
12,  1776,"  are  these  words:  "Capt.  Miller, 
of  Col.  Hand's  regiment,  also  informs  me, 
that  a  body  of  the  enemy  were  marching  to 
Burlington  yesterday  morning.  He  had 
been  sent  over  with  a  strong  scouting  party, 
and,  at  daybreak,  fell  in  with  their  advance 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


219 


guards  consisting  of  about  four  hundred 
Hessian  troops,  who  fired  upon  him  before 
they  were  discovered,  but  without  any  loss, 
and  obHged  him  to  retreat  with  his  party 
and  to  take  boat."  Gen.  Wilkinson,  in  his 
memoirs,  states  that  Major  Miller  of 
Hand's  riflemen,  was  ordered  by  Gen. 
Washington  to  check  the  rapid  movements 
of  the  enemy  in  pursuit  of  the  American 
Army,  while  retreating  across  the  State  of 
New  Jersey.  The  order  was  so  successfully 
executed,  and  the  advance  of  a  powerful 
enemy  so  embarrassed,  that  the  American 
troops  which  afterward  gained  the  indepen- 
dence of  their  country,  were  preserved  from 
an  overthrow  which  would  have  proved  the 
grave  of  our  liberties.  In  a  note  to  the 
memoirs,  the  author  says,  among  other 
things,  "Gen.  Miller,  late  of  Baltimore,  was 
distinguished  for  his  cool  bravery  wherever 
he  served.  He  certainly  possessed  the  en- 
tire confidence  of  Gen.  Washington."  To 
multiply  quotations  would  be  useless,  suf- 
fice to  say  that  Miller  is  mentioned  by  many 
of  the  American  historians,  and  always  with 
much  applause. 

When  Miller  first  engaged  in  the  war  of 
the  Revolution,  he  had  little  or  no  other 
fortune  than  his  dwelling  house.  But  be- 
fore the  close  of  the  war  he  was  reduced 
to  such  necessities  to  support  his  family 
that  he  was  compelled  to  sell  the  house  over 
the  heads  of  his  wife  and  children.  He 
sometimes  spoke  of  this  as  a  very  hard  case, 
and  in  terms  so  pathetic  as  to  excite  the 
most  tender  emotions.  At  other  times  he 
would  say,  "I  have  not  yet  done  all  in  my 
power  to  serve  my  beloved  country,  my 
wife  and  my  children  I  trust  will  yet  see 
better  days." 

In  his  pleasant  manner  he  was  heard  to 
say  that,  as  to  the  house,  the  sale  had  at 
least  saved  him  the  payment  of  the  taxes. 
Col.  Miller,  being  thus,  through  his  patriot- 
ism, humiliatingly  reduced  in  pecuniary  cir- 


cumstances, was  obliged  in  the  spring  of 
1779  to  resign  his  commission  in  the  army 
and  return  to  York.  Here  he  continued 
to  reside  for  some  years,  enjoying  the  love 
and  affection  of  all  his  fellow  citizens.  In 
October,  1780,  he  was  elected  high  sheriff 
of  the  county  of  York,  and  as  such  he  con- 
tinued until  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
office  in  November,  1783.  At  the  sev- 
eral elections  in  October  of  the  years  1783- 
84-85,  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Leg- 
islature of  Pennsylvania.  In  May,  1786,  he 
was  commissioned  as  prothonotary  of  York 
County,  and  in  August  of  the  same  year  he 
was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  of 
the  court  of  Common  Pleas.  In  the  year 
1790  he  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
which  framed  the  present  constitution  of 
the  commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania.  He 
continued  in  the  office  of  prothonotary  un- 
til July,  1794.  In  this  year  (1794),  great 
dangers  were  apprehended  from  the  en- 
croachments of  the  English  on  our  western 
territories.  Wayne  was,  at  that  time,  car- 
rying our  arms  against  the  Indians  into 
the  western  wilderness.  Agreeably  to  the 
requisition  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  contained  in  a  letter  to  the  Secretary 
of  War,  dated  May  19,  1794,  Pennsylvania 
was  required  to  furnish  her  quota  of  bri- 
gades toward  forming  a  detachment  of  10,- 
769  militia,  officers  included.  At  this  time 
Miller  was  general  in  the  first  brigade,  com- 
posed of  the  counties  of  York  and  Lancas- 
ter, and  belonging  to  the  second  division  of 
Pennsylvania  Militia  commanded  by  Maj. 
Gen.  Hand.  This  division,  with  several 
others,  was  required  to  be  in  readiness  to 
march  at  a  moment's  warning. 

In  the  same  year  was  the  "western  expe- 
dition," an  expedition  occasioned  by  an  in- 
surrection in  the  four  western  counties  to 
resist  the  laws  of  the  union. 

At  this  time  Gen.  Miller  was  appointed, 
and  went  out  as  quartermaster-general.     In 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


the  same  year  he  was  appointed,  by  Gen. 
Washington,  supervisor  of  the  revenue  for 
the  district  of  Pennsylvania.  In  this  office 
he  acted  with  such  abiUty,  punctuality  and 
integrity,  that  no  one  ever  laid  the  least 
failure  to  his  charge.  But  in  1801,  Mr.  Jef- 
ferson having  been  elected  President,  Gen. 
Miller  was  removed  from  the  office  of  sup- 
ervisor and  was  succeeded  by  Peter  Muh- 
lenburg. 

Upon  this  event  he  left  York  Novem- 
ber 18,  1801,  and  removed  to  Baltimore, 
where  he  resided  for  some  years  as  an  hon- 
est and  respectable  merchant.  At  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war  of  1812,  his  soul  was 
kindled  to  the  former  fires  of  youthful  feel- 
ing. Relinquishing  his  mercantile  pursuits 
he  accepted  the  appointment  of  brigadier 
general  of  the  militia  of  the  United  States, 
stationed  at  Baltimore,  and  charged  with 
the  defense  of  Fort  McHenry  and  its  depen- 
dencies. Upon  the  enemy's  leaving  the 
Chesapeake  bay,  the  troops  were  dis- 
charged and  Gen.  Miller  again  retired  to 
private  life. 

In  the  spring  of  1813,  Gen.  Miller  left 
Baltimore,  and  returned  to  his  native  State, 
Pennsylvania.  He  now  resided  on  a  farm 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Juniata  river,  in  Cum- 
berland County,  devoting  himself,  with 
Roman  virtue,  to  agricultural  pursuits.  But 
his  country  soon  called  him  from  his  retire- 
ment. The  enemy  having  again  made 
their  appearance  from  Baltimore,  he 
marched  out  with  the  Pennsylvania  troops 
in  the  capacity  of  quartermaster-general. 
He  again,  after  a  short  time,  returned  to 
Pennsylvania,  to  reside  on  his  farm  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Juniata.  At  that  place,  like  a 
Cincinnatus,  away  from  the  tumult  of  war, 
he  continued  to  reside  until  the  spring  of 
1 82 1.  At  that  time,  being  appointed  pro- 
thonotary  of  Perry  County,  by  Gov.  Hies- 
ter,  he  removed  to  Landisburg,  the  seat  of 
justice  for  that  county.     He  continued  to 


live  at  Landisburg,  until  he  was  removed 
from  office,  by  Gov.  Shulze,  in  March,  1824. 
On  the  29th  of  the  same  month,  the  Legis- 
lature of  Pennsylvania  began  to  make, 
though  at  a  late  period,  some  compensation 
for  his  important  Revolutionary  services. 
They  required  the  state  treasurer  to  pay 
him  $240  immediately;  and  an  annuity  of 
the  same  sum  during  the  remainder  of  hi^ 
life.  But  Gen.  Miller  did  not  live  long 
enough  to  enjoy  this  righteous  provision. 
He  removed  with  his  family  to  Carlisle ;  but 
he  hardly  fixed  his  abode  there,  and  caught 
the  kind  looks  of  his  relatives  and  friends, 
when  he  was  called  by  the  messenger  of 
peace  to  a  distant  and  far  brighter  region 
where  the  music  of  war  is  unheard,  and  the 
storms  of  contention  are  at  rest.  He  was 
seized  with  inflammation  of  the  bowels  and 
died  suddenly,  in  the  bosom  of  his  family, 
on  Monday,  the  5th  of  April,  1824.  On 
Tuesday  afternoon,  the  mortal  part  of  the 
hero  and  the  patriot  was  consigned,  with 
military  honors,  to  the  small  and  narrow 
house. 

In  private  life  Gen.  Miller  was  friendly, 
social  and  benevolent.  He  was  generous 
even  to  a  fault. 

In  public  life,  he  had,  what  Lord  Claren- 
don says  of  Hampden,  a  head  to  contrive,  a 
heart  to  persuade,  and  a  hand  to  execute. 

HON.  THADDEUS  STEVENS. 
There  are  a  few  citizens  who  will 
remember  the  career  of  this  distinguished 
"American  Commoner"  while  he  was  a 
teacher  in  the  York  County  Academy  and  a 
student  at  law  in  York.  He  was  born  in 
Danville,  Vermont,  April  4,  1792.  His 
father  was  a  shoemaker,  of  dissipated  hab- 
its, who  died  of  a  bayonet  wound  in  the  at- 
tack on  Oswego,  while  bravely  defending 
his  country  during  the  war  of  1812.  His 
mother,  whom  he  never  wearied  praising, 
was  a  woman  of  strong  natural  sense  and 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


unconquerable  resolution.  In  his  youth, 
Thaddeus  was  one  of  the  most  diligent  read- 
ers ever  known  in  America,  and  at  the  age 
of  fifteen  he  began  to  found  a  library  in  his 
native  town.  He  entered  Burlington  Col- 
lege first,  graduated  at  Dartmouth  in  1815, 
and  a  few  months  afterward  was  engaged 
by  Rev.  Dr.  Perkins,  then  principal  of  the 
York  County  Academy,  as  an  assistant. 
Amos  Gilbert,  the  famous  teacher  of  the 
Lancastrian  School,  who  resided  for  a  short 
time  at  York,  during  the  period  that  young 
Stevens  was  here,  says:  "he  was  a  modest, 
retiring  young  man,  of  remarkably  studious 
habits."  Feeling  somewhat  displeased  with 
the  actions  of  some  of  the  members  of  the 
York  bar,  he  made  application  for  admis- 
sion at  Gettysburg,  which  at  that  time  con- 
tained but  few  lawyers,  as  the  county  was 
only  fifteen  years  old.  Not  having  read 
law,  according  to  requirements,  under  the 
instructions  of  a  person  learned  in  the  law, 
he  was  rejected.  The  laws  of  Maryland 
were  not  so  rigid;  he  then  went  to  Bel  Air, 
where  he  was  admitted  under  Judge  Chase. 
The  committee  on  examination  he  said 
asked  him  only  three  questions,  whereupon 
the  judge  promised  if  he  would  buy  the 
champagne  for  the  party,  a  certificate  would 
be  forthwith  granted.  He  agreed  to  this; 
the  certificate  was  signed,  but  before  being 
handed  over,  two  more  bottles  were  de- 
manded of  the  young  lawyer.  To  use  his 
own  words,  "when  I  paid  my  bill  the  next 
morning,  I  had  only  $3.50  of  the  $45  that 
swelled  my  pocket-book  the  evening  be- 
fore." From  there  he  went  to  Lancaster, 
crossing  the  Susquehanna  at  McCall's 
ferry,  York  county.  Here  his  horse  took 
fright  at  some  of  the  timbers  of  the  new 
bridge,  which  was  then  being  built  across 
the  river  a  that  point,  and  horse  and  rider 
would  have  fallen  into  the  stream,  had  it 
not  been  for  the  bravery  and  presence  of 
mind  of  one  of  the  men  working  on  the 


bridge.  He  arrived  at  Lancaster,  and  the 
next  day  came  to  York,  and  in  a  few  days 
located  as  a  lawyer  in  Gettysburg.  He  did 
not  succeed  at  first,  and  while  attending  a 
public  meeting  at  Littlestown,  Adams 
county,  he  told  a  number  of  persons  that 
he  was  going  to  leave  the  county  as  he 
could  not  make  a  living  in  it  at  the  prac- 
tice of  law.  A  terrible  murder  was  com- 
mitted a  few  days  later  and  he  was  em- 
ployed as  counsel  for  the  defendant.  From 
this  case  he  drew  a  fee  of  $1,500,  which 
was  the  beginning  of  his  career  of  fortune 
and  fame.  For  a  number  of  years,  his 
familiar  form  was  seen  in  the  court  houses 
of  York,  Adams  and  Franklin  counties, 
always  being  employed  in  the  most  intri- 
cate cases.  Subsequently  as  a  lawyer, 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature,  a 
distinguished  member  of  the  Lancaster  bar, 
and  the  great  American  congressman  and 
debater,  his  name  and  fame  are  familiar  to 
every  intelligent  American  citizen. 

HON  ELLIS  LEWIS  was  born  in 
Lewisberry,  this  county,  May  16, 
1798,  and  was  a  son  of  Eli  Lewis,  the 
founder  of  the  village.  He  attended 
the  schools  of  his  native  town,  and  as  re- 
membered by  some  of  the  oldest  citizens 
now  living,  was  an  unusually  bright  pupil. 
He  learned  the  printing  trade,  then  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Wil- 
liamsport,  in  1822,  and  two  years  later  was 
elected  to  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature 
from  Lycoming  county.  In  this  sphere  he 
soon  showed  his  ability  as  a  lawyer  and 
legislator.  Gov.  Wolf,  in  1833,  appointed 
him  attorney-general  of  Pennsylvania;  soon 
after  he  was  appointed  president  judge  of 
the  Eighth  Judicial  District,  and  in  1843 
was  made  judge  of  the  Second  District, 
which  embraced  the  courts  of  Lancaster 
county.  In  the  year  185 1  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  supreme  court  of  the  State  of 


15 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Pennsylvania,  and  succeeded  to  the  posi- 
tion of  chief  justice.  In  1857  he  decHned 
the  unanimous  nomination  for  re-election 
to  the  supreme  court,  and  retired  to  private 
life.  In  1858  he  was  appointed  one  of  the 
commissioners  to  revise  the  criminal  code 
of  Pennsylvania.  On  account  of  his  ex- 
tensive knowledge  of  medical  jurisprudence 
the  medical  college  of  Philadelphia  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of 
M.  D.  He  received  the  title  of  LL.  D. 
from  Transylvania  University  and  from 
Jefferson  College.  Judge  Lewis'  legal 
opinions  on  important  and  difficult  cases 
are  frequently  cited  with  approval.  He 
published  a  work,  of  which  he  was  the  au- 
thor, entitled  "An  Abridgement  of  the 
Criminal  Law  of  the  United  States."  He 
was  a  profound  jurist,  and  a  man  of  great 
versatility  of  talents.  Some  fine  specimens 
of  literature  from  his  pen  found  their  way 
into  the  periodical  journals.  In  early  life, 
during  the  year  1828,  he  became  an  honor- 
ary member  of  the  York  bar,  but  never 
practiced  here  regularly.  His  death  occur- 
red in  Philadelphia  on  March  9,  1871. 

EDWARD  CHAPIN,  ESQ.*  Edward 
'  Chapin,  Esq.,  was  for  fifty-five  years 
practicing  attorney  in  the  courts  of  York 
county,  and  for  the  larger  portion  of  that 
period  an  acknowledged  leader  of  the  bar. 
He  was  born  in  Rocky  Hill,  Conn.,  on 
the  19th  day  of  February,  A.  D.  1799.  On 
both  sides  he  was  descended  from  a  long 
line  of  distinguished  ancestry.  His  mater- 
nal great  grandfather  was  the  celebrated 
Jonathan  Edwards,  for  many  years  presi- 
dent of  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  and  the 
ablest  of  American  theologians.  His  theo- 
logical works  have  given  him  a  world-wide 
reputation.  His  maternal  grandfather  was 
Jonathan    Edwards,    familiarly    known    as 


*  By  Hon.  James  W.  Latimer. 


"the  second  President  Edwards,"  who  was 
president  of  Union  College.  Both  were 
like  Mr.  Chapin,  graduates  of  Yale  College. 
His  father,  the  Rev.  Calvin  Chapin,  D.  D., 
was  a  recognized  leader  in  the  Congrega- 
tional Church  of  Connecticut.  He  was 
president  of  Union  College,  and  was  the 
originator  of  and  pioneer  in  the  movement 
for  the  prohibition  by  law  of  all  traffic  in 
intoxicating  liquor.  Of  this  cause  he  was 
the  earnest  advocate  during  his  whole  life. 
Pie  did  not  live  to  see  it  successful,  but  his 
work  has,  since  his  death,  produced  and  is 
now  producing  good  fruit.  The  'Chapin 
family  descended  from  Deacon  Samuel 
Chapin,  the  first  of  the  name  to  emigrate 
from  England  to  America.  He  came  at  a 
very  early  period,  and  settled  in  New  Eng- 
land. His  descendants,  numbering  over 
4,000,  assembled  in  Springfield,  Mass.,  a 
few  years  since.  Among  them  were  repre- 
sentatives from  all  parts  of  the  United 
States  many  of  them  distinguished  in  the 
professional,  political  and  literary  walks  of 
life.  Rev.  Henry  Ward  Beecher  and  Rev. 
E.  H.  Chapin,  D.  D.,  of  New  York,  Presi- 
dent Lucius  Chapin,  of  Beloit  College, 
Wisconsin,  Hon.  Solomon  Foote,  United 
States  Senator  from  Vermont,  and  Dr.  J. 
G.  Holland  were  present.  Among  the 
lineal  descendants  of  Deacon  Samuel 
Chapin  is  the  Adams  family  of  Massachu- 
setts, which  has  furnished  two  presidents 
of  the  United  States. 

Edward  Chapin,  Esq.,  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  the  class  of  1819.  He  read  law 
in  Connecticut,  and  after  his  admission  to 
the  bar  there  he  resided  for  a  time  in  Bing- 
hamton,  N.  Y.,  where  his  father  had  large 
landed  interests.  He  removed  to  York  in 
1823,  and  was  admitted  to  the  York  bar  on 
motion  of  Walter  S.  Franklin,  Esq.,  on 
April  10  of  that  year.  He  soon  acquired 
a  reputation  as  an  able  lawyer  and  profound 
thinker,  and  during  his  professional  career 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


223 


was  engaged  in  many  of  the  most  import- 
ant causes  tried  in  York  and  Adams  coim- 
ties,  especially  those  involving  intricate  and 
difficult  legal  questions.  In  the  construc- 
tion of  obscure  wills  and  deeds  Mr.  Chapin 
was  especially  skillful,  and  he  pressed  upon 
the  courts  his  views  on  such  questions  with 
such  force  of  logic  and  profundity  of  legal 
learning,  that  even  when  unsuccessful,  it 
was  usually  easier  to  reject  his  conclusions 
than  to  demonstrate  their  incorrectness. 
Judge  Fisher,  who  presided  in  the  courts 
of  York  county  during  eighteen  years  of 
Mr.  Chapin's  practice  here,  has  said  that 
his  legal  arguments  were  the  ablest  and 
most  thorough  and  exhaustive  he  ever  lis- 
tened to. 

Mr.  Chapin  was  an  intimate  personal 
friend  of  Hon.  Thaddeus  Stevens,  who 
practiced  law  in  the  adjoining  county  of 
Adams  during  part  of  Mr.  Chapin's  pro- 
fessional life.  They  were  each  in  the  habit 
of  obtaining  the  assistance  of  the  other  in 
causes  of  unusual  magnitude  or  difficulty. 
One  of  the  latest  and  most  important  cases 
in  which  they  both  appeared,  was  the 
Ebert  will  case,  an  issue  framed  to  deter- 
mine the  validity  of  the  will  of  Martin 
Ebert.  Messrs.  Evans  &  Mayer,  of  York, 
and  Hon.  Samuel  Hepburn,  of  Carlisle,  ap- 
peared for  the  propounders  of  the  will ;  and 
Messrs.  Chapin  and  Stevens  for  the  con- 
testants. It  was  a  contest  of  intellectual 
and  professional  giants,  to  which  the  mag- 
nitude of  the  interests  involved,  as  well  as 
the  reputation  of  counsel  concerned,  at- 
tracted great  public  interest.  Though  un- 
successful in  winning  his  cause,  Mr.  Chap- 
in's address  to  the  jury  has  been  pro- 
nounced, by  competent  judges  who  listened 
to  it  with  delight,  the  most  eloquent  ora- 
torical appeal  ever  made  to  a  jury  within 
their  recollection. 

Mr.  Chapin  was  not  what  is  called  "a 
case  lawyer."     A  close  reasoner,  a  pro- 


found thinker,  deeply  versed  in  the  princi- 
ples underlying  the  science  of  law,  his  ar- 
guments contained  few  citations  of  author- 
ity and  few  references  to  text  books.  He 
was  always  listened  to,  both  in  the  county 
court  and  in  the  supreme  court,  with  the 
respectful  attention  his  great  professional 
learning  and  ability  deserved. 

Mr.  Chapin  was  a  great  reader.  He  pos- 
sessed a  considerable  knowledge  of  most 
branches  of  natural  science.  His  learning 
and  culture  embraced  a  wide  field. 

As  a  legal  practitioner  his  conduct  was 
not  only  above  reproach  or  suspicion  of  un- 
fairness or  impropriety,  but  he  rejected  as 
beneath  him  many  of  the  methods  resorted 
to  by  practitioners  who  are  regarded  as 
reputable.  He  once  told  the  writer  of  this 
sketch,  and  his  life  bore  witness  to  the 
truth  of  the  statement,  that  he  never,  dur- 
ing his  whole  professional  life,  solicited  or 
sought  directly  or  indirectly  the  business 
or  employment  of  any  individual.  Content 
with  the  business  that  his  talents  and  repu- 
tation brought,  he  used  no  artifice  to  ex- 
tend his  clientage. 

He  was  the  counsel  of  the  York  and 
Maryland  Line  Railroad  Company  from  the 
inception  of  that  enterprise,  and  of  the 
Northern  Central  Railway  Company,  into 
which  it  afterward  merged  from  the  time 
of  his  death. 

Mr.  Chapin's  delight  and  recreation  was 
in  the  cultivation  of  fruits,  flowers  and  veg- 
etables. He  was  extremely  fond  of  gun- 
ning, and  his  portly  form,  armed  with  a 
gun  which  few  men  could  hold  to  their 
shoulder,  was  a  familiar  figure  about  Peach 
Bottom  in  the  ducking  season. 

Mr.  Chapin  died  on  the  17th  day  of 
March,  1869,  leaving  to  survive  him  a 
widow,  since  deceased,  a  daughter,  married 
to  Edward  Evans,  Esq.,  and  a  son  Edward, 
now  a  practicing  attorney  at  the  York  bar. 


224 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


WILLIAM  LENHART.*  The  emi- 
nent scholarship  and  somewhat  re- 
markable career  of  William  Lenhart  (al- 
ready referred  to)  claim  special  and  ex- 
tended mention.  The  few  octogenarians 
among  us  will  remember  an  humble  log- 
house  that  once  stood  at  the  northwest 
corner  of  North  George  street  and  Centre 
Square,  where,  nearly  a  century  ago, 
lived  Godfrey  Lenhart,  "der  Silwerschmidt 
und  Uhremacher" — the  silversmith  and 
clock-maker,  and  many  a  "grandfather's 
clock,"  after  a  long  banishment,  now  re- 
called by  the  growing  love  for  the  antique, 
bears  upon  its  broad  open,  smiling  face,  the 
inscription  "Godfrey  Lenhart,  Yorktown, 
Penn."  That  humble  log-house  (so  faith- 
fully sketched  by  Louis  Miller  in  his 
"Chronics")  no  doubt  was  the  birthplace, 
January  19,  1787,  of  a  child,  whose  powers 
of  intellect,  but  for  his  physical  misfortunes 
and  scanty  pecuniary  resources,  would 
probably  have  enabled  him  to  "illustrate 
the  name  of  his  country  throughout  the 
scientific  world."  His  father,  Godfrey  Len 
hart,  though  a  highly  respectable  citizen, 
and  by  the  free  suffrage  of  his  fellow  citi- 
zens, chosen  to  the  (then)  honorable  and 
responsible  office  of  high  sheriff,  which  he 
held  and  faithfully  filled  from  1794  to  1797, 
was  nevertheless  a  gentleman  of  limited 
means,  and,  therefore,  really  unable  to  give 
his  children  more  than  the  ordinary  and 
very  meager  common  pay-school  education 
of  the  day.  About  the  year  1801,  how- 
ever, when  William  was  not  above  fourteen, 
Dr. Adrian,  then  obscure,  but  after- 
wards famous  as  a  mathematician,  opened 
a  school  in  York,  and  William  Lenhart  be- 
came one  of  his  pupils.  He  at  once  began 
to  develop  that  extraordianry  talent,  espe- 
cially for  the  science  of  mathematics,  in 
which  he  made  such  rapid  progress  that. 


*  By  Henry  L,.  Fisher,  Esq. 


before  he  quit  Dr.  Adrian's  school,  and  be- 
fore he  had  attained  his  sixteenth  year,  he 
had  become  a  contributor  to  the  "Mathe- 
matical Correspondent,"  a  scientific  period- 
ical published  in  the  city  of  New  York,  and 
when  only  seventeen,  he  was  awarded  a 
medal  for  the  solution  of  a  mathematical 
prize  question. 

About  this  time  he  quit  Dr.  Adrian's 
school,  and  being  an  accomplished  penman 
and  accountant,  accepted  the  offer  of  a  po- 
sition as  clerk  in  a  leading  mercantile  house 
in  Baltimore.  At  this  period  of  his  life,  it 
is  said  he  was  remarkable  for  his  personal 
attractions,  and,  always,  for  excellence  of 
manners  and  good  conduct.  As  might  be 
expected,  however,  he  soon  tired  of  such  a 
business,  and,  though  but  little  bettering 
his  situation,  accepted  a  position  in  some 
clerical  employment  in  the  sheriff's  office. 
He  remained  in  Baltimore  about  four  years 
during  all  which  time,  however  otherwise 
employed,  his  leisure  was  devoted  to  read- 
ing, his  favorite  study,  mathematics,  and 
contributions  to  the  Analyst,  published  by 
Dr.  Adrian  in  Philadelphia.  Afterward,  he 
became  bookkeeper  in  the  commercial 
house  of  Hassinger  &  Reeser  in  the  latter 
city.  As  clerk  and  bookkeeper  his  profici- 
ency was  unrivaled,  his  salary  was  doubled 
at  the  end  of  the  first  year,  and  the  accounts 
he  made  out  for  foreign  merchants  were 
long  kept  by  his  employers  as  models  of 
perfection ;  and  in  view  of  his  eminent  per- 
sonal services,  the  firm,  at  the  end  of  the 
third  year,  admitted  him  as  a  partner,  with- 
out other  capital.  Before  entering  upon 
his  duties,  however,  and  while  on  a  visit 
to  his  parents  at  York,  an  imfortunate  ac- 
cident befell  him  which,  doubtless,  proved 
to  be  the  turning  point  in  a  career  which 
would,  otherwise,  have  shed  undying  luster 
on  his  name  and  on  his  country.  While 
enjoying  a  rural  drive,  his  horse  became  un- 
manageable, ran  away,  breaking  the  car- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


225 


riage,  throwing  him  out  and  fracturing  one 
of  his  legs.  On  his  supposed  recovery  he 
returned  to  Philadelphia,  and,  sometime 
after,  while  engaged  in  a  game  of  quoits, 
was  suddenly  seized  with  excruciating  pain 
in  his  back  and  partial  paralysis  of  the 
lower  extremities.  After  eighteen  months 
of  the  most  skillful  medical  and  surgical 
treatment  by  Drs.  Physick  and  Parish,  his 
recovery  was  pronounced  hopeless.  What 
wonder  that  his  cup  of  misery  overflowed 
in  view  of  the  fact  of  his  engagement  at  the 
time  to  a  young  lady  of  most  estimable 
character,  to  whom  he  had  been  attached 
from  early  life.  The  injury,  he  had  re- 
ceived from  the  fall  from  his  carriage, 
most  probably  caused  his  spinal  affection 
from  which,  and  a  subsequent  injury,  he 
was  destined  to  sixteen  years  of  suffering 
and  torture,  and  eventually  to  pine  away 
and  die  at  an  age  when  men,  ordinarily, 
are  in  their  prime.  But  incredible  as  it 
may  seem  we  are  assured  on  the  highest 
authority  that  during  all  that  long  interval 
of  constantly  increasing  pain  and  suffering 
he  not  only  cultivated  light  literature  and 
music,  but,  as  before,  devoted  much  time 
to  mathematics.  In  music  he  made  great 
proficiency  and  was  considered  the  best 
parlor  flute  player  in  this  country.  In  1828 
he  sustained  a  second  fracture  of  his  leg, 
in  consequence  of  which,  and  his  already 
existing  complication  of  disorders,  his  suf- 
ferings, at  times,  almost  passed  the  bounds 
of  endurance.  He  was  now  passing  most 
of  his  time  with  his  sister,  in  Frederick. 
But  his  very  lips  became  at  length  par- 
alyzed from  the  progress  of  his  disease,  and 
even  the  pleasures  of  his  flute  were  denied 
him.  What  must  have  been  the  talents, 
moral  energy,  and  force  of  will,  which,  un- 
der bodily  afflictions  like  these,  made  such 
advances  in  abtruse  science  as  to  confer 
immortality  on  the  name  of  their  possessor? 


During  the  last  year  of  his  life  he  thus 
wrote  to  a  friend: 

"My  afflictions  appear  to  me  to  be  not 
unlike  an  infinite  series,  composed  of  com- 
plicated terms,  gradually  and  regularly  in- 
creasing— in  sadness  and  suffering — and 
becoming  more  and  more  involved;  and 
hence  the  abstruseness  of  its  summation; 
but  when  it  shall  be  summed  in  the  end, 
by  the  Great  Arbiter  and  Master  of  all,  it 
is  to  be  hoped  that  the  formula  resulting 
will  be  found  to  be  not  only  entirely  free 
from  surds,  but  perfectly  pure  and  rational, 
even  unto  an  integer." 

During  the  sixteen  years  from  181 2  to 
1828  he  did  not,  of  course,  nor  could  he,  de- 
vote himself  to  mathematical  science.  But 
afterward  he  resumed  these  studies  for  the 
purpose  of  mental  employment,  and  con- 
tinued his  contributions  to  mathematical 
journals.  In  1836  the  publication  of  the 
Mathematical  Miscellany  was  commenced 
in  New  York,  and  his  fame  became  estab- 
lished by  his  contributions  to  that  journal. 
''I  do  not  design,"  says  Prof.  Samvtel  Tay- 
lor, "to  enter  into  a  detail  of  his  profounil 
researches.  He  attained  an  eminence  in 
science  of  which  the  noblest  intellects 
might  well  be  proud  and  that,  too,  as  an 
amusement,  when  suffering  from  afflictions 
which,  we  might  suppose,  would  have  dis- 
qualified him  for  intellectual  labor.  It  will 
be  sufficient  for  my  purpose  to  remark  that 
he  left  behind  him  a  reputation  as  the  most 
eminent  Diophantine  Algebraist  that  ever 
lived.  The  eminence  of  this  reputation 
will  be  estimated  when  it  is  recollected  that 
illustrious  men,  such  as  Euler,  Lagrange 
and  Gauss,  are  his  competitors  for  fame  in 
the  cultivation  of  the  Diophantine  analysis. 
Well  might  he  say  that  he  felt  as  if  he  had 
been  admitted  into  the  sanctum  sanctorum 
of  the  great  temple  of  numbers,  and  per- 
mitted to  revel  among  its  curiosities." 

Notwithstanding  his  great  mathematical 


226 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


genius,  Mr.  Lenhart  did  not  extend  his  in- 
vestigations into  the  modern  analysis  and 
the  differential  calculus  as  far  as  into  the 
Diophantine  analysis.  He  thus  accounts 
for  it:  "My  taste  lies  in  the  old  fashioned 
pure  geometry  and  the  Diophantine  analy- 
sis, in  which  every  result  is  perfect;  and  be- 
yond the  exercise  of  these  two  beautiful 
branches  of  the  mathematics,  at  my  time  of 
life,  and  under  present  circumstances,  I  feel 
no  inclination  to  go."  The  character  of  his 
mind  did  not  consist  entirely  in  the  mathe- 
matical tendency,  which  was  developed  by 
the  early  tuition  of  Dr.  Adrian.  Possessed, 
as  he  was,  of  a  lively  imagination,  a  keen 
susceptibihty  to  all  that  is  beautiful  in  the 
natural  and  intellectual  world,  wit  and 
acuteness,  it  is  manifest  that  he  wanted 
nothing  but  early  education  and  leisure  to 
have  made  a  most  accomplished  scholar. 
He  was  also  a  poet.  One  who  knew  him 
well  says:  "He  has  left  some  effusions 
which  were  written  to  friends  as  letters, 
that  for  wit,  humor,  sprightliness  of  fancy, 
pungent  satire,  and  flexibility  of  versifica- 
tion, will  not  lose  in  comparison  with  any 
of  Burns'  best  pieces  of  a  similar  kind." 
Mr.  Lenhart  was  of  a  very  cheerful  and 
sanguineous  temperament  full  of  tender 
sympathies  with  all  the  joys  and  sorrows  of 
l\is  race,  from  communion  with  whom  he 
v.as  almost  entirely  excluded.  Like  all 
truly  great  and  noble  men,  he  was  remark- 
able for  the  simplicity  of  his  manners.  Thai 
word,  in  its  broad  sense,  contains  a  history 
of  character.  He  knew  he  was  achieving 
conquests  in  abstruse  science,  which  had 
not  been  made  by  the  greatest  mathemati- 
cians, yet  he  was  far  from  assuming  any- 
thing in  his  intercourse  with  others. 

"During  the  autumn  of  1839,  intense  suf- 
fering and  great  emaciation  indicated  that 
his  days  were  almost  numbered.  His  intel- 
lectual powers  did  not  decay;  but  like  the 
Altamont  of  Young,  he  was  "still  strong  to 


reason  and  mighty  to  suffer."  He  indulged 
in  no  murmurs  on  account  of  the  severity 
of  his  fate.  True  nobility  submits  with 
grace  to  that  which  is  inevitable.  *  *  * 
Lenhart  was  conscious  of  the  impulses  of 
his  high  intellect,  and  his  heart  must  have 
swelled  within  him  when  he  contemplated 
the  victories  he  might  have  achieved  and 
the  laurels  he  might  have  won.  But  lie 
knew  his  lot  forbade  that  he  should  leave 
other  than  "short  and  simple  annals"  for 
posterity.  He  died  at  Frederick,  Md.,  July 
10,  1840,  in  the  fifty-fourth  year  of  his  age, 
with  the  calmness  imparted  by  philosophy 
and  Christianity.  Religion  conferred  upon 
him  her  consolations  in  that  hour  when  it 
is  only  through  religion  that  consolation 
can  be  bestowed;  and  as  he  sank  into  the 
darkness  and  silence  of  the  grave,  he  be- 
lieved there  was  another  and  a  better  world, 
in  which  the  immortal  mind  will  drink  at 
the  very  fountain-head  of  knowledge,  un- 
encumbered with  the  decaying  tabernacle 
of  clay  by  which  its  lofty  aspirations  are 
here  confined  as  with  chains. 

HON  LEMUEL  TODD  was  born 
at  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania,  July  29, 
1817;  was  graduated  from  Dickinson  Col- 
lege 1839;  read  law  under  General  Sam- 
uel Alexander  at  Carlisle,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1841.  Was  elected 
in  1854  in  the  strong  Democratic  district 
composed  of  York,  Cumberland  and  Perry 
counties  over  Hon.  J.  Ellis  Bonham, 
one  of  the  Democratic  leaders  of  the 
State.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Know- 
Nothing  State  committee  in  1855-56.  He 
was  prominently  named  for  Governor  in 
1857  and  in  i860.  He  was  elected  Con- 
gressman-at-Large  in  1875-79.  He  pre- 
sided over  the  State  Convention  at  Har- 
risburg  which  nominated  David  Wil- 
mot  for  governor:  and  that  at  Pittsburg 
which  nominated  Andrew  Curtin,  and  that 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


227 


at  Philadelphia  which  advocated  Grant  for 
the  presidency.  He  was  temporary  chair- 
man of  the  State  Convention  at  Harris- 
burg  in  1883.  He  was  three  times  the  can- 
didate of  his  party  for  president  judge  of  the 
Ninth  District. 

In  1861  he  was  Major  of  the  First  Penn- 
sylvania Reserves  and  Inspector  General 
of  Pennsylvania  on  Governor  Curtin's 
staff.     He  died  May  nth,  1S91. 

His  success  as  a  lawyer  and  politician 
seemed  to  cost  him  little  effort.  It  was 
due  largely  to  his  great  natural  eloquence 
and  effectiveness  as  a  public  speaker. 

Through  the  liberality  of  his  widow  a 
building  in  Carlisle  has  been  put  in  pos- 
session of  a  corporation  for  the  purpose  of 
a  public  hospital,  named  in  memory  of  him 
the  Todd  Hospital. 

COL.  HENRY  SLAGLE,  soldier, judge 
and  legislator,  was  born  in  Lancaster 
county,  in  1735,  and  was  a  son  of  Christo- 
pher Slagle  or  Schlegel,  a  native  of  Saxony, 
who  in  1713  erected  an  early  mill  on  Cones- 
toga  creek.  Henry  Slagle  was  a  brave 
revolutionary  officer,  who  served  as  a  mem- 
ber of  several  provincial  bodies,  and  the 
Constitutional  Convention  of  1789-90.  A 
year  later  he  was  elected  as  an  associate 
judge  of  Adams  county,  which  he  repre- 
sented in  the  Pennsylvania  Legislature  of 
1801-02. 

HON.  JACOB  CASSAT,  a  recognized 
Whig  leader  of  learning  and  ability, 
was  a  son  of  David  Cassat,  whose  father, 
Francis  Cassat,  a  French  Huguenot,  married 
in  Holland  and  came  to  this  country  in 
1764.  Jacob  Cassat  was  born  February 
7,  1778,  in  Straban  township,  Adams 
county,  and  being  largely  self-taught  com- 
menced life  for  himself  with  no  powerful 
friends  or  influence  to  aid  him.  He  was 
an  active   church   member,   lived  a  useful 


life  and  died  in  1838,  when  ranking  as  one 
of  the  most  prominent  men  of  his  county. 
He  served  as  county  commissioner,  aided 
in  the  defense  of  Baltimore  in  1814,  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  from  1820 
to  1824,  and  in  1837  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate,  from  whose  chamber  he  was 
driven  by  a  mob  on  December  25,  1838, 
for  making  an  impassioned  speech  on  the 
cause  of  the  "Buckshot  War."  He  was 
found  dead  in  his  bed  the  next  morning, 
and  his  county  mourned  the  loss  of  one  of 
her  noblest  sons. 

PATRICK  McSHERRY,  the  founder 
of  McSherrystown,  was  an  honored 
early  settler  of  Adams  county,  and  the 
founder  of  a  long  line  of  families  which 
have  been  worthy  of  the  honorable  name 
which  they  bear.  Mr.  McSherry  was  the 
father  of  Hon.  James  McSherry,  the  popu- 
lar political  leader,  and  the  grandfather  of 
James  McSherry,  Jr.,  the  Maryland  his- 
torian. He  founded  McSherrystown  in 
1765  and  lived  near  it  until  his  death. 

CHRISTOPHER  GULP,  whose  name 
in  ancient  German  records  is  written 
Kalb,  came  to  Adams  county  in  1787.  He 
married  and  had  four  sons:  Christopher,  Jr., 
Mathias,  Peter  and  Christian,  the  latter 
three  of  whom  reared  large  families.  They 
were  steady,  industrious  citizens,  and  Peter, 
the  third  son,  was  .'the  father  of  Henry 
Gulp  after  whom  was  named  Gulp's  Hill, 
which  has  such  prominent  place  in  the  im- 
mortal story   of   Gettysburg. 

GEN.  WILLIAM  REED,  an  active 
Pennsylvania  militia  officer  during 
the  Revolution  and  the  war  of  1812,  served 
as  a  member  of  the  State  Senate,  from 
Adams  county,  from  1800  to  1804,  and  was 
appointed  as  adjutant  general  of  the  State 
on   August   4,    181 1.     While   holding  this 


228 


BlOGRAI'IIICAL  AND  PORTRAIT  CYCLOPEDIA. 


last  office  he  died  suddenly  on  June  15, 
1813,  at  New  Alexandria,  Westmoreland 
county,  where  he  was  organizing  the  State 
militia  for  possible  service  along  the  north- 
ern border  of  Pennsylvania. 

HON.  ADAM  J.  GLOSSBRENNER 
born  in  Hagerstown,  Maryland, 
August  31,  1810,  was  a  son  of  Peter 
and  Christina  (Shane)  Glossbrenner,  and 
was  largely  self-educated.  At  the  age 
of  nineteen  he  commenced  learning  the 
printing  business,  and  in  1827  began  the 
publication  of  the  Ohio  Monitor  at  Colum- 
bus, Ohio,  for  Judge  Smith.  In  1828  he 
started  the  Western  Telegraph,  at  Hamil- 
ton, Ohio.  In  1829  he  visited  York  on  an 
engagement  to  remain  a  month  or  two  and 
the  visit  was  protracted  to  a  term  of  fifty 
years.  In  1831  he  started  the  York  County 
Farmer  and  two  years  subsequent  married 
Charlotte  Jameson,  a  daughter  of  Dr. 
Thomas  Jameson,  of  York.  In  the  same 
year  he  published  the  History  of  York 
County,  which  for  the  period  covered  and 
in  point  of  accuracy  and  literary  merit  is  the 
best  extant.  In  1834  he  became  a  partner 
in  the  publication  of  the  York  Gazette,  and 
continued  his  connection  witii  that  paper 
until  i860,  when  he  became  private  secre- 
tary to  President  Buchanan.  In  the  year 
1862  he  established  the  Philadelphia  Age, 
and  in  the  same  year  was  nominated  for 
Congress  by  the  Democratic  convention  of 
York  County  in  opposition  to  Hon.  Joseph 
Bailey,  who  had  been  elected  as  a  Demo- 
crat to  the  38th  Congress  but  had  been  re- 
pudiated by  his  party  in  York  County.  Af- 
ter a  somewhat  notable  political  struggle 
Mr.  Bailey  was  nominated  by  a  small  ma- 
jority and  elected.  In  1864  Mr.  Glossbren- 
ner was  renominated  by  the  Democratic 
Congressional  Conference  of  York,  Cum- 
berland and  Perry  counties  and  was  elected 
by  a  large  majority.     After  his  retirement 


from  Congress  he  became  connected  with 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  company  at 
Philadelphia.  Immediately  subsequent  to 
his  connection  with  the  York  Gazette,  in 
1836,  he  was  chosen  clerk  of  enrollment  of 
bills  in  the  House  of  Representatives  at 
Harrisburg,  and  two  years  later  was  ap- 
pointed by  Governor  Porter  to  take  charge 
of  the  motive  power  department  of  the  Co- 
lumbia and  Philadelphia  railroad.  In  1843 
he  became  cashier  of  the  contingent  fund 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  at  Wash- 
ington and  in  1847  was  appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Buchanan,  officer  in  charge  of  emigra- 
tion and  the  copyright  bureau  in  the  De- 
partment of  State  at  Washington,  and  in 
1850  was  elected  sergeant-at-arms  in  the 
United  States  House  of  Representatives 
and  re-elected  to  four  successive  Con- 
gresses. 

In  1833  Mr.  Glossbrenner  was  married 
to  Charlotte  Jameson,  who  bore  him  four 
children  whose  names  are  as  follows :  Emily 
Jameson,  of  York;  Mary,  deceased;  Jame- 
son Shane,  deceased;  and  Ivan,  of  York. 

JOHN  L.  MAYER,  Esq.,  a  distinguished 
lawyer  of  the  York  Cotmty  Bar,  was 
born  at  Shepherdstown,  Jefferson 
County,  Virginia,  on  August  5,  1810,  and 
died  at  his  home  in  York,  Pennsylvania, 
August  17,  1874.  He  was  a  son  of  Rev. 
Lewis  Mayer,  D.  D.,  and  Catharine  Mayer. 
The  founder  of  the  Pennsylvania  branch 
of  the  Mayer  family  was  Christopher 
Bartholomew  Mayer,  who  was  born  at 
Carlsruhe,  Germany,  in  November,  1702, 
and  came  to  this  country  fifty  years  later. 
Pie  was  the  grandfather  of  Rev.  Lewis 
Mayer,  D.  D.,  a  prominent  and  scholarly 
clergyman  of  the  Reformed  church.  After 
his  arrival  in  this  country  Christopher  B. 
Mayer  tarried  a  short  time,  with  his  wife 
and  four  children  at  Annapolis,  Maryland, 
but  shortly  subsequent  went  to  Monocac) 


JthM^  ^,  tALCU4j2yr- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


229 


Station,  now  Frederictown,  in  the  western 
part  of  the  province. 

It  is  supposed  that  it  was  his  design  to 
acquire  a  large  tract  of  land  and  settle  his 
family  in  that  fertile  region,  but  before  he 
could  accomplish  this  purpose  death  over- 
took him  six  months  after  his  arrival  and 
he  was  buried  in  the  Gottes  Oken  cemetery 
of  the  Lutheran  church  at  Frederictown, 
Maryland,  on  November  21,  1752.  After 
their  father's  death  the  family  gradually  dif- 
fused, some  settling  in  Pennsylvania  and 
others  remaining  in  Maryland  and  Virginia. 
George  Ludwig  Mayer,  the  oldest  son  and 
the  father  of  Rev.  Dr.  Lewis  Mayer  quitted 
Frederictown  for  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania, 
which  henceforth  became  the  seat  of  his 
ministerial  activity,  and  where  many  of  his 
descendants  still  live.  Christian  Mayer, 
second,  founder  of  the  Baltimore  branch  of 
the  family  was  born  at  Ulm  in  1763  and 
came  to  America  in  1784,  and  settled  in 
Baltimore  where  he  passed  the  remainder 
of  his  life  and  died. 

John  L.  Mayer,  after  a  thorough  prepa- 
ration entered  Yale  College  in  1829  and 
was  graduated  in  183 1.  Subsequently 
he  studied  law  with  John  Evans,  Esq.,  at 
York,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  of  York 
county,  February  18,  1834,  and  pursued 
diligently  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
York  and  adjoining  counties  for  a  period  of 
forty  years.  He  was  a  co-partner  of  his 
preceptor,  John  Evans,  Esq.,  for  many 
years,  and  the  legal  firm  of  Evans  &  Mayer 
possessed  the  largest  clientage  and  tried  the 
major  portion  of  the  cases  in  the  courts  of 
York  County  during  the  partnership.  Af- 
ter its  dissolution  Mr.  Mayer  continued  to 
hold  a  very  large  and  lucrative  practice.  In 
politics  he  was  nominally  a  Whig,  very 
rarely  took  part  in  its  activities  and  never 
held  ofifice. 

Mr.  Mayer  was  a  man  of  very  great  eru- 
dition in  his  profession  and  an  omniverous 


reader  of  legal  and  judicial  literature.  In 
the  extent  and  character  of  his  legal  knowl- 
edge he  had  no  superior  at  the  Bar.  His 
arguments  were  close  and  exhaustive,  his 
citation  of  authorities  was  voluminous ;  but 
it  seemed  necessary  for  him  thus  to  cite 
them  because  of  that  keen  analytical  power 
he  possessed  of  resolving  cases  into  princi- 
ples, and  then  leading  the  mind  to  the  par- 
ticular point  by  a  line  of  thought  that  dis- 
tinguished his  case  from  all  apparent  anal- 
ogies. He  was  moreover  a  scholar  in  the 
true  sense  of  that  word;  an  indefatigable 
student  in  various  branches  of  learning  out- 
side of  his  profession  and  he  could  adorn 
his  argument  with  apt  quotations  and  illus- 
trations drawn  from  a  multitude  of  sources. 

He  possessed,  too,  a  good  knowledge  of 
business,  a  practical  mind,  and  by  close  at- 
tention and  prudence  amassed  a  very  con- 
siderable competency  which  descended  to 
his  children  in  addition  to  the  heritage  of  a 
distinguished  name. 

On  December  16,  1858,  Mr.  Mayer  was 
joined  in  marriage  with  Julia  Lyne,  which 
resulted  in  an  issue  of  seven  children,  only 
three  of  whom  are  living. 

ZACHARIAH  K.  LOUCKS  was  a 
grandson  of  John  George  Loucks,who 
was  one  of  the  early  emigrants  from  Ger- 
many that  settled  in  the  beautiful  region  of 
Berks  County,  known  as  Tulpehocken, 
where  he  purchased  a  tract  of  land.  About 
the  year  1780,  hearing  of  the  fertile  lands 
west  of  the  Susquehanna,  he  immigrated  to 
York  County  to  continue  his  chosen  occu- 
pation of  farming,  and  purchased  land 
southwest  of  York.  May  13,  1805,  he  pur- 
chased the  mill  and  farm  where  Z.K.Loucks 
recently  lived.  George  Loucks,  son  of 
John  George  Loucks,  father  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  was  born  August  18,  1787, 
and  died  October  29,  1849,  aged  sixty-two 
years,  two  months  and  eleven  days.     He 


330 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


followed  the  two  occupations  of  miller  and 
farmer  at  the  Loucks'  homestead.  He  pur- 
chased a  great  deal  of  real  estate,  and  at  his 
death  owned  the  mill  property.  He  was 
married  to  Susanna  Weltzhofifer,  of  Hellam 
Township,  and  had  three  sons  and  four 
daughters.  Zachariah  K.  Loucks,  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  was  born  March  4,  1822.  He 
received  his  education  in  the  York  County 
Academy,  under  Rev.  Stephen  Boyer;  for  a 
number  of  years  was  a  class-mate  of  the  late 
Prof.  Kirkwood,the  famous  astronomer  and 
mathematician.  He  commenced  business 
in  York  first  as  a  clerk  with  the  firm  of 
Schriver,  Loucks  &  Co.,  and  afterward  was 
a  clerk  for  Loucks  &  Becker  at  the  Old 
Manor  Furnace  in  Chanceford  Township, 
where  he  remained  one  year.  He  then  en- 
tered the  store  of  Henry  Becker  in  York 
until  1839,  when  he  returned  to  his  home  in 
Spring  Garden  Township,  and  attended  to 
the  duties  of  the  grist-mill  and  farm  until 
his  father's  death.  After  this  event  he  and 
his  brother,  Henry  L,  succeeded  their  father 
in  business  at  the  old  homestead,  about 
one  mile  north  of  York,  along  the 
line  of  the  Northern  Central  Railroad. 
For  many  years  he  turned  his  attention 
closely  to  farming  and  milling.  Here, 
on  this  site,  was  erected  one  of  the  first 
grist-mills  west  of  the  Susquehanna.  The 
old  two-story  mill,  distillery  and  saw- 
mill were  destroyed  by  fire  on  April  29, 
1864.  The  present  commodious,  five-story 
brick  mill  was  built  during  the  fall  of  1864, 
at  a  cost  of  $30,000.  It  contains  the  latest 
improvements  of  milling  machinery,  and 
has  a  capacity  of  150  barrels  of  flour  in 
twenty-four  hours.  During  the  past  twenty 
years  it  has  been  leased  by  P.  A.  &  S. 
Small,  of  York.  Cars  are  pulled  by  water 
power  to  the  mill,  over  a  switch  from  the 
Northern  Central  Railway  to  load  flour. 
In  connection  with  milling  and  farming, 
Mr.  Loucks  was  largely  engaged  in  other 


business.  At  the  time  of  the  organization 
of  the  First  National  Bank  of  York,  in 
1863,  he  was  elected  a  director.  He  was 
afterward  elected  vice-president,  and  in  the 
year  1877  was  chosen  president  of  that  in- 
stitution. He  was  a  director  and  general 
financier  of  the  York  &  Peach  Bottom 
Railway  when  it  was  built;  for  many  years 
a  member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  York 
County  Agricultural  Society  and  a  life 
member  of  the  same;  one  of  the  projectors 
and  president  of  the  Chanceford  Turnpike 
Company  and  a  director;  was  a  director  of 
the  York  City  Market  until  its  completion, 
when  he  resigned;  vice-president  of  the 
Penn  Mutual  Horse  Insurance  Company, 
of  York,  and  largely  engaged  in  the  real  es- 
tate business.  Mr.  Loucks  was  married 
January  5,  1843,  to  Sarah  Ann,  daughter  of 
Col.  Michael  Ebert,  of  Spring  Garden.  She 
was  born  March  18,  1822.  Their  eldest 
son,  Alexander,  resides  in  Manchester 
Township,  and  was  married  to  Catharine 
Wambaugh.  They  have  four  children: 
Harry,  William,  Annie  and  Isabel.  George 
E.,  the  second  son  of  Z.  K.  and  Sarah  Ann 
Loucks,  was  married  to  Susan  Jane  Myers. 
He  resides  at  Hellam  Station.  Edward, 
the  third  son,  was  a  law  student  in  Philadel- 
phia, and  graduated  with  high  honors  from 
the  College  of  New  Jersey,  at  Princeton; 
Isabella,  the  only  daughter,  was  married  to 
John  W.  Kohler,  and  died  at  the  age  of 
twenty-seven,  leaving  two  children:  Wil- 
liam I.  and  Edwin.  Mr.  Loucks,  as  a  busi- 
ness man,  has  had  an  active  and  prosperous 
career.  He  was  possessed  of  good  judgment, 
keen  discrimination  and  excellent  financial 
and  executive  abilities.  In  politics  he  was 
originally  an  active  Whig,  cast  his  first 
Presidential  vote  for  Gen.  Harrison,  and 
was  an  enthusiastic  advocate  of  Henry 
Clay's  election. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


231 


JAMES  HUTCHINSON  GRAHAM, 
LL.  D.  Born  September  loth,  1807, 
in  West  Pennsborough  township,  on 
the  site  of  the  log  house  erected  by  his 
grandfather,  James  Graham,  on  land 
granted  his  father,  Jared  Graham,  in  1774, 
by  the  Penns.  His  father,  Isaiah  Graham, 
one  of  five  sons,  was  a  prominent  politician. 
He  served  two  terms  in  the  State  Senate 
from  181 1,  and  filled  the  position  of  asso- 
ciate judge  by  appointment  of  Governor 
Findlay  from  1817  to  his  death  in  1835. 
He  was  a  ruling  elder  in  the  Big  Spring 
Presbyterian  church.  The  son,  James 
Hutchinson  Graham,  was  prepared  under 
Dr.  McConaughy,  at  the  Gettysburg  Acad- 
emy, for  the  Junior  Class  in  Dickinson 
College,  and  was  graduated  from  that  in- 
stitution with  honor  in  1827.  He  read  law 
with  Andrew  Caruthers,  Esq.,  of  Carlisle, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1829.  By 
his  careful  and  painstaking  treatment  of 
his  cases  he  soon  acquired  a  prominent 
place  among  the  younger  members  of  the 
bar,  and  in  1839  was  appointed  deputy  at- 
torney general  for  Cumberland  county  by 
Governor  Porter.  This  position  he  filled 
with  high  credit  for  six  years  and  then  de- 
clmed  reappointment.  In  185 1  he  was 
elected  president  judge  of  the  Ninth  Dis- 
trict, composed  of  Cumberland,  Perry  and 
Juniata  counties,  and  was  re-elected  in  1861. 
On  the  bench  he  established  a  character  as 
one  of  the  foremost  jurists  of  the  State. 
On  his  retirement  from  the  bench  he  re- 
sumed the  practice  of  law  and  became  the 
trusted  counsellor  of  many.  In  1862  the 
faculty  and  trus/tees  of  Dickinson  College 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.  D. 
and  afterwards  made  him  head  of  the  law 
department  of  Dickinson  College.  Of 
Scotch-Irish  and  Presbyterian  descent  he 
was  one  of  the  earliest  members  of  the 
Second  Presbj'terian  church  of  Carlisle, 
and  president  of  its  board  of  trustees.     He 


was  a  director  of  the  Carlisle  Bank,  and 
president  of  the  board  at  the  time  of  his 
election  as  judge.  In  every  direction  he 
manifested  the  character  of  a  public  spir- 
ited and  useful  citizen;  and  respected  and 
esteemed  by  all  for  the  purity  and  honesty 
of  his  life,  and  his  consistency  of  conduct 
in  all  its  relations,  he  left  a  deep  impress 
upon  the  community  in  which  he  had  passed 
his  life.  He  was  twice  married  and  left  a 
large  family  of  children.  He  died  in  1882. 
Three  sons,  John,  James  and  Duncan  G., 
adopted  his  profession.  They  were  all 
graduates  of  Dickinson  CoHege  and  met 
with  creditable  success.  The  latter  alone 
survives.  He  was  deputy  attorney  general 
of  the  State  under  the  second  administra- 
tion of  Governor  Pattison.  Lieut  Samuel 
A.  Graham,  U.  S.  A.,  is  a  graduate  of  the 
naval  academy  at  Annapolis,  as  well  as  of 
Dickinson  College,  and  the  youngest  son, 
Frank  G.  Graham,  also  a  graduate  of 
Dickinson,  is  successful  editor  of  the  Kan- 
sas City  Times.  Miss  Agnes  Graham  took 
the  degrees  of  A.  B.  and  A.  M.  at  Colum- 
bian University,  Washington,  D.  C. 

HON  JOHN  GIBSON,  at  the  time  of 
his  death,  July  6,  1890,  President 
Judge  of  the  county  of  York,  and  one  of 
the  most  prominent  figures  in  the  judiciary 
of  the  State,  was  born  in  the  city  of  Balti- 
more, Md.,  April  17,  1829,  the  third  son  of 
John  and  Elizabeth  (Jameson)  Gibson. 
The  distinctions  of  ancestry  were  united  in 
him  to  a  conspicuous  degree.  Traced 
back  through  both  the  paternal  and  mater- 
nal lines,  his  lineage  was  a  procession  of 
generations  marked  by  vigorous  intellect, 
inborn  integrity  and  deep  religious  feeling 
— characteristics  drawn  on  the  paternal  side 
from  Irish  sources  and  on  the  maternal 
derived  from  Scottish  nativity. 

Robert  Gibson,  the  paternal  grandfather 
of  John  Gibson,  was  born  in  County  Down, 


232 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Province  of  Ulster,  Ireland.  His  son 
William  became  a  celebrated  minister  of 
the  Reformed  Presbyterian  or  Covenanter 
church  and  came  to  America  in  1797.  He 
located  at  Ryegate,  Vermont,  but  after- 
ward removed  to  Philadelphia,  where  he 
became  pastor  of  a  church.  His  death 
occurred  in  1838.  Three  sons,  Robert, 
John,  the  father  of  our  subject,  and  Wil- 
liam, became  distinguished  divines  of  the 
Presbyterian  church. 

On  his  mother's  side  Mr.  Gibson  was 
descended  from  a  line  of  distinguished  pio- 
neers and  physicians.  Dr.  David  Jameson, 
his  maternal  great  grandfather,  was  a  colo- 
nel in  the  provincial  and  revolutionary 
forces  of  Pennsylvania.  The  doctor  was  a 
native  of  Edinburgh  and  a  graduate  of  the 
medical  department  of  the  university  of  that 
city.  He  came  to  America  in  1740  and 
first  settled  in  South  Carolina.  From 
thence  he  removed  to  York  county  and 
possessed  himself  of  a  homestead  and  plan- 
tation in  York  township,  about  two  miles 
south  of  York.  He  married  Eliza  Davis 
and  had  three  sons,  Thomas,  James  and 
Horatio  Gates  Jameson,  the  latter  of  whom 
became  an  eminent  physician  and  married 
Emily  Shewell,  of  Somerset  county.  After 
his  marriage,  Horatio  Gates  Jameson  re- 
moved to  Baltimore  and  there  in  connec- 
tion with  an  active  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion, laid  the  foundations  of  Washington 
medical  college.  A  few  years  prior  to  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  1855,  he  moved 
back  to  his  native  county  and  located  at 
York.  Of  Col.  Jameson's  daughters,  Cas- 
sandra married  Rev.  M.  J.  Gibson,  D.  D., 
late  of  Duncansville,  Blair  county,  Pa.; 
Catharine  married  Hon.  Robert  J.  Fisher, 
late  president  judge  of  York  county;  while 
Elizabeth  became  the  wife  of  Rev.  John 
Gibson  and  the  mother  of  our  subject. 

Though  not  born  in  York,  Judge  Gib- 
son spent  all  but  a  few    earlier    years    of 


life  there  and  in  the  old  York  county 
academy,  under  such  able  tutors  as  Rev. 
Stephen  Boyer,  Daniel  M.  Ettinger  and 
Daniel  Kirkwood — afterward  a  noted  as- 
tronomer— his  education  was  begun  and 
acquired.  Leaving  the  institution  at  the 
close  of  his  student  days  he  entered  the 
law  office  of  his  uncle,  Hon.  Robert  J. 
Fisher,  and  there  pursued  the  study  of  his 
chosen  profession  tmtil  admitted  to  the  bar 
September  30,  185 1,  being  at  the  time  22 
years  of  age.  He  continued  in  active  prac- 
tice thirty  years,  and  only  terminated  his 
career  at  the  bar  to  assume  the  higher 
duties  and  honors  of  the  bench  in  1881. 
Those  thirty  years  were  marked  by  active 
devotion  to  public  interests.  In  1868  Mr. 
Gibson  represented  his  party  in  the  Demo- 
cratic National  Convention  which  met  at 
New  York  and  nominated  Horatio  Sey- 
mour for  the  presidency  and  in  1872  he 
was  chosen  with  Hon.  Thomas  E.  Cochran, 
of  York  county,  and  Hon.  Wm.  McLean, 
of  Adams,  a  delegate  to  the  State  Consti- 
tutional Convention  which  met  at  Harris- 
burg  and  formulated  the  present  organic 
law  of  the  State. 

In  1882  Mr.  Gibson  was  nominated  by 
his  party  for  the  office  of  judge.  His  nomi- 
nation was  accepted  by  the  Republican 
party  and  his  election  without  opposition 
followed  in  November.  He  succeeded 
Hon.  Robert  J.  Fisher,  but  Pere  L.  Wickes, 
the  additional  law  judge  elected  in  1875, 
by  priority  of  commission  became  president 
judge  and  held  that  position  on  the  bench 
until  the  expiration  of  his  term,  January 
I,  1886,  when  Judge  Gibson  assumed  the 
senior  position. 

A  year  later  Judge  Gibson's  health, 
never  robust,  began  to  fail  seriously.  In  the 
summer  of  1890  his  condition  became  so 
serious  that  he  retired  to  the  seashore  to 
gain  rest  and  retrieve  his  failing  physical 
powers,  but  the  effort  was  in  vain  and  on 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


233 


July  6th  he  died  at  Atlantic  City.  The 
funeral  on  the  9th  of  July  succeeding  was 
largely  attended.  The  services  were  held 
at  St.  John's  Episcopal  church,  of  which 
the  judge  had  been  a  vestryman,  and  his 
remains  were  laid  to  rest  in  Prospect  Hill 
cemtery. 

Mr.  Gibson  was  married  June  22,  1865, 
to  Miss  Helen  Packard,  the  youngest 
daughter  of  Benjamin  D.  Packard,  Esq., 
of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  a  distinguished  journalist 
and  the  founder  of  the  Evening  Journal  of 
that  city.  Their  married  life  was  one  of 
great  devotion  and  happiness  and  two  sons 
and  one  daughter  were  born  to  them: 
Robert  Fisher,  who  graduated  at  the  head 
of  his  class  at  Yale  and  is  at  present  a 
prominent  young  attorney  and  the  editor 
of  the  York  Gazette;  John  Jameson,  a 
graduate  of  Lehigh  and  at  present  an  elec- 


trical engineer  in  Greater  New  York;  and 
Charlotte. 

John  Gibson  was  more  than  a  lawyer  or 
judge,  though  it  was  in  these  capacities 
that  the  fine  energies  of  his  mind  and  na- 
ture were  mostly  revealed.  He  was  emi- 
nently endowed  for  either  literary  or  relig- 
ious callings  and  had  he  chosen  to  enter 
either  of  these  fields,  he  must  have  wrought 
success  out  of  his  abilities.  The  numerous 
literary  productions  which  he  left,  such  as 
the  history  of  the  county,  reveal  a  flowing, 
graceful  style.  His  devoutly  religious  na- 
ture was  in  a  large  part  inherited  from  his 
Presbyterian  ancestry.  It  made  him  an  ac- 
tive member  of  the  church,  foremost  in 
moral  and  spiritual  movements  in  the  com- 
munity, ever  mindful  and  just  on  the  bench 
and  attuned  his  character  to  gentleness, 
sympathy  and  benevolence. 


CONTEMPORANEOUS 


BIOGRAPHIES 


40^ 


^M^^^^^ 


CONTEMPORANEOUS  BIOGRAPHIES. 


ARTHUR  B.  FARQUHAR,  the  lead- 
ing manufacturer  of  York,  Pennsyl- 
vania is  of  mixed  Scotch,  German  and  Eng- 
lish ancestry,  and  was  born  in  Montgomery 
County,  Maryland,  September  28th,  1838. 
He  is  a  son  of  William  Henry  and  Mar- 
garet (Briggs)  Farquhar. 

The  chain  of  lineage  on  both  the  paternal 
and  maternal  side  has  been  honorable  and 
conspicuous.  His  earliest  ancestors  be- 
longed to  the  historic  coterie  of  Scottish 
Chiefs,  and  was  known  as  the  Clan  Farqu- 
har. William  Farquhar,  great-great-grand 
father,  emigrated  from  Scotland  about  the 
year  1700,  taking  with  him  a  number  of 
rehgious  refugees,  with  whom  he  settled  in 
Frederick  County,  Maryland.  The  mater- 
nal ancestor,  Robert  Brooke,  of  the  House 
of  Warwick,  was  born  in  London  in  1602, 
and  in  1635  married  Mary  Baker,  daughter 
of  Roger  Mainwaring,  the  dean  of  Worces- 
ter. In  1650  he  emigrated  to  Charles 
county,  Maryland,  with  his  wife,  ten  chil- 
dren and  twenty-eight  servants.  Here 
subsequently,  Robert  Brooke  became  the 
commandant  of  the  county  and  president  of 
the  Council  of  Maryland.  His  children  and 
grandchildren  afterwards  gradually  diflfused 
and  most  of  them  settled  in  what  is  now 
known  as  Montgomery  County,  Md.  In 
1812,  Amos  Farquhar,  paternal  grandfather 
of  Arthur  B.,  removed  to  York  County, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  erected  a  cotton 
factory,  which  proved  unsuccessful  after  the 
war  with  England  had  been  concluded.  On 
June   14,   1813,  wKle  a  resident  of  York 

16 


County,  his  son,  William  Henry,  father  of 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born.  He 
was  a  precocious  lad,  a  proficient  Latin  and 
Greek  scholar  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  later  a 
mathematician  of  note  and  withal  a  man  of 
the  highest  cultivation  and  attainments. 
Moncure  D.  Conway,  a  distinguished  Uni- 
tarian divine  and  literateur,  characterized 
him  as  the  most  accompHshed  gentleman 
whom  it  had  been  his  good  fortune  to  meet. 
He  died  February  17,  1887,  and  was  inter- 
red at  Friends'  Burying  ground.  Shady 
Spring,  Montgomery  County,  after  many 
years  spent  in  scholarly  pursuits  and  devo- 
tion to  his  own  peculiar  ideals. 

Arthur  B.  Farquhar,  was  educated  in  pri- 
vate schools  and  at  Benjamin  Hallowell's 
select  school  for  boys  at  Alexandria,  Vir- 
ginia. After  the  completion  of  his  aca- 
demic education,  he  spent  a  year  in  the 
management  of  his  father's  farm,  but  al- 
ways showed  a  ruling  fondness  for  mechan- 
ics, which  was  generously  fostered  by  his 
father.  In  view  of  the  proclivities  exhib- 
ited by  his  son,  the  father  early  conceived 
the  idea  of  fitting  him  for  some  phase  of  the 
manufacturing  industry  and  consequently 
gave  him  every  advantage  in  the  pursuit  of 
a  practical  mechanical  education.  He  was 
afterward  sent  to  York  where  he  learned 
the  trade  of  machinist,  and  so  pronounced 
was  his  proficiency  that  at  the  expiration  of 
two  years  he  was  admitted  to  a  partnership 
in  the  business.  This  concern,  under  the 
firm  name  of  W.  W.  Dingee  &  Co.  contin- 
ued to  do  a  prosperous  business  until  the 


^38 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


outbreak  of  the  Civil  War,  but  during  the 
progress  of  that  conflict  it  was  severely  crip- 
pled. These  reverses  were  followed  by  a 
severe  loss  by  fire  which  so  completely 
wrecked  the  enterprise  that  the  assets  were 
barely  sufficient  to  pay  twenty-five  cents  on 
the  dollar.  Mr.  Farquhar  was  not  satis- 
fied, however,  with  such  an  adjustment  and 
persuading  his  creditors  to  let  him  retain 
the  assets  and  start  anew,  he  again  began 
business  and  at  the  end  of  two  years  was 
enabled  to  liquidate  the  indebtedness  dol- 
lar for  dollar.  From  that  modest  begin- 
ning— a  small  frame  shop  with  but  seven 
hands  employed — the  present  colossal  es- 
tablishment, the  Pennsylvania  Agricultural 
works,  has  grown.  In  1889  the  A.  B.  Far- 
quhar company,  limited,  was  organized 
with  a  capital  of  $500,000.  This  stock, 
with  the  exception  of  one  share,  is  owned 
entirely  by  members  of  the  Farquhar  fam- 
ily. The  annual  business  of  the  A.  B.  Far- 
quhar company  aggregates  more  than  one 
million  dollars  and  is  yearly  increased.  A 
large  part  of  the  products  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Works  is  shipped  to  the  Argentine 
Confederation,  Brazil,  Mexico,  Chili,  and 
South  Africa.  The  success  of  the  estab- 
lishment is  largely  due  to  the  careful  selec- 
tion of  foremen  for  the  dififerent  depart- 
ments, all  of  which  are  supervised  bv  men 
who  are  masters  of  the  various  branches  of 
mechanics  and  artisanship  represented.  To 
this  of  course  must  be  added  the  rare  busi- 
ness ability  and  keen  foresight  of  the  ex- 
ecutive head.  The  motto  of  the  concern 
has  always  been:"  Perfection  attained,  suc- 
cess assured." 

The  name  of  Farquhar  in  the  city  of 
York  has  been  a  synonym  of  progress,  and 
its  present  prominence  as  a  manufacturing 
centre  is  in  a  great  measure  due  to  the  en- 
ergy, integrity  and  executive  ability  of  A. 
B.  Farquhar,  the  founder  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Agricultural  Works.     In  addition  to 


his  interest  in  the  latter,  he  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Trade  of  York,  a  di- 
rector of  the  York  Trust,  Real  Estate  and 
Deposit  Company,  the  Colonial  Hotel 
Company,  President  of  the  York  City  Hos- 
pital, and  an  active  member  of  a  number  of 
other  lesser  concerns.  He  is  also  interested 
in  a  general  ways  in  the  cause  of  education 
and  in  various  private  charities. 

Mr.  Farquhar's  wide  business  experience 
and  observation  have  been  important  and 
far  reaching  in  more  senses  than  one.  Amid 
the  arduous  cares  of  trade  he  has  yielded, 
incidentally,  to  the  seductive  field  of  litera- 
ture, and  upon  political  economy,  and  ques- 
tions of  finance,  industrial  policy  and  prac- 
tical legislation,  he  has  written  with  force 
and  authority.  His  contributions  to  these 
subjects,  published  in  the  New  York  and 
Philadelphia  papers,  have  attracted  marked 
attention,  while  his  pamphlets  on  the  ques- 
tions of  the  hour,  notably  the  Silver  ques- 
tion, have  been  circulated  by  the  thousand. 
A  more  pretentious  book,  "Economic  and 
Indvistrial  Delusions,"  evinces  a  thorough 
grasp  of  the  economic  situation,  wide  and 
diverse  reading  and  a  dignified  independ- 
ence of  thought.  In  this  book  the  author 
elucidates  the  subjects  of  Free  Coinage  and 
a  High  Protective  TarifT,  clearly  demon- 
strating that  the  first  would  unsettle  the  fi- 
nancial stability  of  the  country  and  that  the 
latter  is  a  barrier  to  the  exchange  of  the 
products  of  our  work  shops  and  the  fruits 
of  our  fields  and  forests  for  the  raw  mater- 
ials of  other  countries.  In  economics,  as  in 
politics,  Mr.  Farquhar  has  always  been 
more  than  a  mere  sectary,  and  has  invaria- 
bly insisted  in  placing  the  convictions  of 
experience  and  the  demands  of  a  moral 
civil  polity  above  party  declarations  or  party 
ties.  Politically,  his  ancestors  were  JefTer- 
sonian  Democrats,  though  Mr.  Farquhar 
disclaims  any  strictly  so  called  party  affilia- 
tions.    As  a  true  Jefifersonian,   his  father 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


239 


naturally  found  himself  identified  with  the 
new  Republican  party,  chiefly  owing  to  its 
pronounced  opposition  to  slavery  and  its 
strong  national  instincts,  and  although 
living  in  Maryland  he  was  an  enthusiastic 
Union  man.  Inheriting  his  father's  convic- 
tions, A.  B.  Farquhar  cast  his  first  Presi- 
dential vote  for  Abraham  Lincoln  and 
henceforth  continued  to  vote  with  the  Re- 
publican party  as  long  as  it  seemed  to  him 
to  subserve  the  nation's  best  interest.  But 
being  always  an  advocate  of  the  largest 
freedom  of  trade,  he  naturally  found  him- 
self more  at  home  with  the  new  Democratic 
party  under  the  leadership  of  ex-President 
Cleveland,  and  shortly  after  the  latter's  in- 
duction into  office  became  his  warm  per- 
sonal friend — a  friendship  which  has  con- 
tinued ever  since.  Mr.  Farquhar  took  no 
active  part  in  political  affairs  until  Mr. 
Cleveland's  second  nomination  when  he  en- 
thusiastically supported  his  candidacy.  For 
a  number  of  years  past,  he  has  been  active 
in  com.bating  the  Silver  delusion,  placing 
himself  emphatically  and  unambiguously 
on  the  side  of  the  Gold  standard — the  com- 
mon standard  of  the  enlightened  world.  To 
this  end  he  used  all  his  efforts  to  stem  the 
tide  which  culminated  at  Chicago  in  the 
nomination  of  free  silver  candidates  for  the 
Presidency  upon  a  free  silver  platform.  Rec- 
ognizing the  inevitable  drift  of  that  conven- 
tion, he  advised  ex-Secretary  Whitney,  of 
New  York,  and  ex-Governor  William  E. 
Russell,  of  Massachusetts,  to  organize  a 
bolt  in  favor  of  sound  money  and  a  true 
Democratic  policy.  Secretary  Morton  and 
others  in  high  place  approved  this  plan  but 
it  was  not  executed.  He,  however,  contin- 
ued his  advocacy  of  sound  Democratic  can- 
didates and  principles  through  various  pub- 
He  men  of  his  acquaintance  until  their  ef- 
forts were  crowned  with  success  in  the  plat- 
form of  the  convention  at  Indianapolis. 
Colonel  Wm,   M.  Singerly,  editor  of  the 


Philadelphia  Record,  observed  in  a  recent 
public  speech  at  York  that  A.  B.  Farquhar 
was  one  of  the  three  men  to  whom  most 
credit  was  due  for  the  beneficent  results  of 
the  Indianapolis  convention. 

In  1892  Mr.  Farquhar  was  appointed  one 
of  the  State  Commissioners  to  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition  at  Chicago  by  ex- 
Governor  Robert  E.  Pattison.  By  the 
State  Commission  he  was  elected  executive 
commissioner  and  by  the  National  Associa- 
tion of  Executive  Commissioners  of  all  the 
States  represented  at  Chicago,  was  made 
their  president.  He  visited  Europe  about 
this  time,  acting  under  a  commission  by  the 
government,  where  he  performed  valuable 
service  for  the  exposition.  Upon  his  re- 
turn he  again  took  up  the  active  manage- 
ment of  his  vast  business  interests,  rebuild- 
ing the  factories  upon  a  larger  scale,  fitting 
them  with  the  latest  improved  machinery 
and  increasing  the  general  capacity  of  the 
works.  They  are  now  the  largest  and  best 
equipped  in  Pennsylvania. 

Mr.  Farquhar  was  appointed  a  delegate 
to  the  National  Coast  Defense  Convention 
held  in  Tampa,  Fla.,  during  the  winter  of 
1897  where  he  made  an  address  attracting 
considerable  attention,  against  the  policy  of 
any  general  system  of  coast  defenses,  al- 
leging that  our  nation  had  outgrown  the 
necessity  of  forts  and  battleships,  and  that 
its  proper  defense  consisted  in  the  morale 
of  the  people. 

Personally  Mr.  Farquhar  is  pleasing  and 
dignified  in  manner,  unostentatious,  but  al- 
ways mentally  active.  He  is  progressive  and 
public  spirited  in  all  that  promotes  the  wel- 
fare and  prosperity  of  his  city.  State  or 
nation,  and  manifests  an  abiding  interest  in 
all  vital  questions  of  sociology  and  econom- 
ics. A  man  of  vast  practical  knowledge, 
amply  versed  in  the  literature  of  civics,  he 
sustains  an  important  relationship  to  the 
industrial  and  political  life  of  this  District. 


340 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


In  their  religious  affiliations  his  ancestors 
were  ! Friends  and  he  adheres  largely  to 
their  faith,  though  a  regular  attendant  of 
the  Episcopal  church  and  an  active  suppor- 
ter of  the  Young  Men's  and  trustee  of  the 
Women's  Christian  Association. 

On  September  20th,  i860,  Mr.  Farquhar, 
was  married  to  Elizabeth  N.  Jessop,  daugh- 
ter of  Edward  Jessop,  of  York.  Five  chil- 
dren have  resulted  from  this  union,  only 
three  of  whom  are  now  living:  William  E., 
associated  with  his  father  in  business;  Per- 
cival  and  Francis, both  members  of  the  New 
York  City  bar.  The  two  latter  were  grad- 
uated from  Yale  University,  and  Columbia 
Law  School.  Those  deceased  are  Estelle 
and  Herbert. 

REV.  GEORGE  NORCROSS,  D.  D. 
Rev.  George  Norcross,  D.  D.,  the 
eloquent  and  scholarly  pastor  of  the  Sec- 
ond Presbyterian  church  of  Carlisle,  Penn- 
sylvania, is  a  son  of  Hiram  and  Elizabeth 
(McClelland)  Norcross,  and  was  born  near 
Erie,  Pennsylvania,  April  8,  1838.  He  is  of 
English  and  Scotch-Irish  ancestry  and  his 
father,  grandfather  and  great-grandfather 
were  well-to-do  farmers  in  their  day.  The 
great-grandfather,  Abraham,  was  a  native 
of  New  Jersey,  where  he  married  Nancy 
Fleming  and  after  some  years  removed  to 
Milton,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  continued 
to  reside  until  his  removal  to  Erie  in  the 
same  State  where  the  latter  part  of  his  life 
was  spent.  His  son,  John  Norcross,  was 
born  in  New  Jersey  September  22,  1783, 
but  his  boyhood  was  mostly  spent  on  the 
Susquehanna  in  Central  Pennsylvania. 
When  a  young  man  he  sought  his  fortunes 
in  the  new  County  of  Erie,  which  had  been 
lAirchased  from  New  York  by  the  Keystone 
State.  Here  he  married  Margaret  McCann-, 
who  was  born  in  North  Ireland  about  the 
year  1790. 

Hiram  Norcross,  their  eldest  child,  was 


born  near  Erie,  July  16,  1809,  where  he  re- 
sided until  the  fall  of  1844,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Monmouth,  Illinois,  where  he 
died  in  1879.  He  was  a  farmer  by  occupa- 
tion and  a  ruling  elder  in  the  Presbyterian 
church  for  nearly  forty  years.  He  married 
Elizabeth  McClelland,  of  Crawford  County, 
Pennsylvania,  June  I,  1837.  To  this  union 
were  born  the  following  named  children, 
who  lived  to  reach  maturity:  Rev.  Dr. 
George,  the  subject  of  this  narrative;  Hon. 
William  Charles,  Judge  of  Warren  County, 
Illinois;  Hiram  Fleming,  a  lawyer  of  Los 
Angeles,  California;  Isaiah,  of  Monmouth, 
III;  Thomas  Rice,  of  Liberty,  Nebraska, 
and  Sarah  Gibson,  deceased,  wife  of  Henry 
Fieckwith,  of  New  London,  Conn. 

Mrs.  Norcross,  the  mother  of  our  subject, 
Mas  the  only  daughter  of  Thomas  and 
Sarah  (Gibson)  McClelland,  both  of  Scotch- 
Irish  extraction.  Sarah  Gibson  was  the 
youngest  daughter  of  Hugh  Gibson,  who 
was  taken  captive  by  the  Indians  in  1756, 
at  the  time  of  the  famous  Indian  raid 
through  the  Cumberland  and  contiguous 
valleys.  At  the  same  time  his  mother,  the 
widow  of  David  Gibson,  was  cruelly  mur- 
dered. The  scene  of  this  tragedy  was  Rob- 
inson's Fort  in  Sherman's  Valley,  now  the 
site  of  Center  church,  Perry  County,  Pa. 

Dr.  Norcross  was  brought  up  chiefly  at 
Monmouth,  Illinois,  where  he  prepared  for 
college.  He  subsequently  entered  Mon- 
mouth College,  an  institution  under  the 
care  of  the  United  Presbyterian  Church, 
where  he  was  graduated  with  credit  in  the 
class  of  1861.  He  then  pursued  his  theolo- 
gical studies  at  Chicago  in  the  Seminary  of 
the  Northwest,  now  McCormick,  and  in  the 
Theological  Seminary  of  the  U.  P.  Church, 
at  Monmouth.  During  the  latter  part  of 
this  period  he  served  as  the  supply  of  the 
North  Henderson  church,  besides  holding 
a  professorship  in  Monmouth  College. 

In  October,  1864,  he  entered  the  Theolo- 


?r~^ 


NiN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


241 


gical  Seminary  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey, 
where  he  spent  his  last  year  of  study  in 
preparation  for  his  life-work.  Having  re- 
ceived a  call  to  the  congregation  which  he 
had  already  served  as  stated  supply  for 
about  seventeen  months,  he  was  ordained, 
June  6,  1865,  to  the  ministry  of  the  Presby- 
terian church  and  installed  as  pastor  of  the 
North  Henderson  church,  Mercer  County, 
Illinois.  Here  he  was  among  a  kind  and 
appreciative  people  where  his  labors,  hrst 
and  last,  were  greatly  blessed. 

In  the  spring  of  1866  he  was  called  to  the 
Presbyterian  church  (O.  S.)  of  Galesburg, 
IlHnois.  After  nearly  three  years  of  labor 
in  this  field  he  was  called  to  the  Second 
Presbyterian  church,  of  Carlisle,  Pennsyl- 
vania, where  he  has  labored  efficiently  and 
continuously  for  the  past  twenty-eight 
years.  At  the  beginning  of  his  pastorate, 
January,  1869,  the  church  had  about  230 
members  and  the  Sabbath  school  reported 
an  attendance  of  only  125  scholars  and 
teachers.  These  numbers  have  been  greatly 
augmented;  the  roll  of  communicants  has 
increased  to  about  500  and  the  Sabbath 
schools  of  the  church  have  an  enrolled 
membership  of  about  600. 

During  his  first  year  at  Carlisle  the 
Manse  was  built  and  during  his  second 
year  the  old  church  building  was  torn 
down  and  preparations  were  made  for  the 
erection  of  the  present  sanctuary.  This 
beautiful  Gothic  church  was  finished  at  a 
cost  of  about  fifty  thousand  dollars  and 
dedicated  May  29,  1873.  In  1887  it  was 
thoroughly  renovated  and  improved  at  an 
expense  of  about  ten  thousand  dollars. 
Provision  for  these  improvements  was 
largely  made  by  the  bequest  of  Mrs.  Robert 
Givin  and  the  generous  gift  of  her  only 
daughter,  Miss  Amelia  Steele  Givin.  The 
benefactions  of  these  faithful  friends  were 
supplemented  by  the  congregation  who 
made  the  addition  to  the  Lecture  Room  at 


a  cost  of  about  two  thousand  dollars. 

Dr.  Norcross  has  represented  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Carlisle  four  times  in  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  viz,  in  1871  at  Chicago,  in  1874  at 
St.  Louis,  in  1885  at  Cincinnati,  in  1895  at 
Pittsburg.  In  the  last  two  Assemblies  he 
was  the  chairman  of  important  standing 
committees. 

In  1877  he  attended  the  first  Pan-Pres- 
byterian Council  at  Edinburgh,  Scotland, 
as  an  associate  member  and  was  present 
during  all  the  deliberations  of  that  historic 
body.  Subsequently  with  his  wife  he  made 
the  tour  of  the  Continent.  On  July  5,  1890, 
he  sailed  again,  and  this  time  with  his  fam- 
ily, from  New  York  for  the  Old  World. 
Seven  months  of  study  were  spent  in  the 
city  of  Leipzig,  Germany,  and  six  months 
were  devoted  to  travel  through  Holland, 
Belgium,  Switzerland,  Germany,  Austria, 
Italy  and  France,  the  family  party  return- 
ing early  in  August,  1891. 

In  the  year  1879  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di- 
vinity from  Princeton  College  in  recogni- 
tion of  well  known  literary  attainments  and 
faithful  ministerial  service.  He  evinces 
unusual  culture  and  learning,  is  a  forceful 
speaker  and  sustains  an  important  relation 
to  his  adopted  county,  both  as  a  minister 
and  a  citizen.  Though  rigorously  confin- 
ing" himself  to  the  work  in  his  own  congre- 
gation, he  is  known  as  the  friend  of  every 
reform.  When  the  question  of  Constitu- 
tional Amendment  in  the  interest  of  Tem- 
perance was  before  the  people  in  1889  he 
addressed  many  popular  meetings  in  sup- 
port of  Prohibition  and  his  famous  "Ox 
Sermon"  preached  before  Presbytery  on 
"Our  Responsibility  for  the  Drink  Traffic" 
was  printed  and  widely  circulated.  In  his 
many  activities  in  behalf  of  church  and  mis- 
sion work  he  is  ably  assisted  by  his  wife. 

Dr.  Norcross  has  been  married  twice.  On 


242 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


October  i,  1863,  he  married  Mary  S.  Tracy, 
of  Monmouth,  IlHnois,  who  died  March  25, 
1866.  After  her  death  he  removed  to  Gales- 
burg,  IlHnois,  where  on  April  22,  1867,  he 
wedded  Mrs.  Louise  (Jackson)  Gale,  a 
daughter  of  Mr.  Samuel  Clinton  Jackson 
and  widow  of  Major  Josiah  Gale,  the  son 
of  Rev.  Dr.  Gale,  the  founder  of  Galesburg. 
By  his  first  marriage  he  had  one  child  which 
died  in  infancy;  and  to  his  second  union 
have  been  born  five  children:  Delia  Jack- 
son, George  who  died  at  eight  years  of  age, 
Elizabeth,  Mary  Jackson  and  Louise  Jack- 
son. 

In  the  year  1886,  upon  the  occasion  of 
the  Centennial  celebration  of  the  Presby- 
tery of  Carlisle,  Dr.  Norcross  became  the 
editor  of  a  memorial  publication  in  two  vol- 
umes entitled  'The  Centennial  Memorial  of 
the  Presbytery  of  Carlisle,"  which  grew 
into  a  valuable  historical  and  biographical 
review  of  the  origin  and  growth  of  Presby- 
terianism  in  the  central  and  eastern  part  of 
Southern  Pennsylvania.  As  the  result  of 
this  and  similar  literary  work  he  was  made 
a  member  of  the  American  Society  of 
Church  History  and  the  Scotch-Irish  So- 
partment  of  Church  History  which  has 
manifested  a  growing  interest  in  the  de- 
partment of  Church  History  which  has 
been  exhibited  in  a  course  of  carefully  pre- 
pared lectures  on  "The  Great  Reformers." 
At  the  request  of  the  committee  of  arrange- 
ments, he  prepared  a  paper  on  "The  Scotch- 
Irish  in  the  Cumberland  Valley"  which  he 
read  before  the  Eighth  Scotch-Irish  Con- 
gress in  Harrisburg  in  1896.  In  this  ad- 
dress he  eloquently  tells  the  story  of  the 
Scotch-Irish  in  the  Cumberland  valley  and 
presents  the  record  of  the  establishment  of 
the  early  Presbyterian  churches  in  this  re- 
gion. In  concluding  his  article  and  speak- 
ing generally  of  the  Scotch-Irish  race,  he 
says, — 

"The  War  of  the  Revolution  was  begun 


and  maintained  for  principles  peculiarly 
dear  to  Scotch-Irish  Presbyterians.  As 
they  were  among  the  first  to  declare  them- 
selves in  favor  of  separation  from  the 
mother  country,  so  they  were  among  the 
last  to  lay  down  their  arms,  and  that  only 
when  the  great  cause  was  won.  They  were 
conspicuous  in  almost  every  battle  of  the 
great  struggle ;  and  when  the  conflict  ended 
in  the  triumph  of  their  aspirations,  it  is  not 
strange  that  the  free  representative  princi- 
ples of  their  Church  government  should 
have  been  adopted  as  the  model  for  our 
Federal  Constitution.  The  Scotch-Irish 
Presbyterians  at  last  had  attained  to  their 
ideal:     a  free  Church  in  a  free  State." 

HON.  EDWARD  W.  BIDDLE,  Pres- 
ident Judge  of  Cumberland  County, 
Penna.,  son  of  Edward  M.  and  Julia  A. 
(Watts)  Biddle,  was  born  in  Carlisle  on 
May  3,  1852,  and  has  resided  there  all  his 
life.  He  is  a  descendant  of  William  Biddle, 
who  settled  in  the  province  of  West  Jersey 
in  1 681,  and  became  a  large  landowner.  Bid- 
die's  Island  in  the  Delaware  River,  consist- 
ing of  278  acres,  being  one  of  his  acquisi- 
tions. 

Since  then  the  family  has  furnished  to  the 
world  many  men  who  have  become  illus- 
trious in  the  annals  of  law  and  of  finance. 

On  the  maternal  side  Judge  Biddle's 
great-grandfather,  Frederick  Watts,  was  a 
prominent  citizen  of  Pennsylvania  during 
Revolutionary  days  and  was  a  member  of 
its  Supreme  Executive  Council  from  Oc- 
tober 20,  1787,  until  the  abolition  of  that 
body  by  the  constitution  of  1790;  and  his 
grandfather,  David  Watts,  was  one  of  the 
leading  lawyers  of  the  State  in  the  early 
part  of  this  century;  so,  in  the  various  ram- 
ifications of  the  family  for  several  genera- 
tions, men  of  culture,  ability  and  influence 
appear. 

After  passing  through  the  public  schools 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


243 


to  the  High  School,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  entered  Dickinson  College  and  was 
graduated  from  that  institution  in  1870,  the 
youngest  member  of  his  class,  with  high 
standing.  After  spending  several  months 
in  civil  engineering  he  commenced  the 
study  of  law  in  the  office  of  his  cousin, 
William  M.  Penrose,  Esq.,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  April,  1873.  From 
that  time  he  gave  his  attention  almost  ex- 
clusively to  his  chosen  profession  and  pur- 
sued a  wide  range  of  legal  studies.  In 
1877  ^i^d  again  in  1883  he  was  unanimously 
nominated  by  the  Republican  county  com- 
vention  for  the  office  of  district  attorney 
and  on  both  occasions  ran  far  ahead  of  his 
ticket,  but  in  neither  instance  was  elected. 
These  political  episodes  did  not  in  any  way 
interfere  with  his  professional  work,  and  for 
many  years  prior  to  his  election  to  the 
judgeship  he  had  charge  of  some  of  the 
most  important  cases  and  largest  interests 
in  Cumberland  county.  In  1885  he  was  se- 
lected as  one  of  the  assignees  for  the  bene- 
fit of  creditors  of  P.  A.  Ahl  and  D.  V.  Ahl, 
individually  and  trading  as  P.  A.  Ahl  & 
Bro.,  who  had  valuable  landed  possessions 
in  several  States  and  whose  affairs  were 
much  involved.  In  the  capacity  of  assignee 
and  attorney  for  the  three  estates  he  was 
largely  instrumental  in  carrying  to  a  suc- 
cessful termination  the  most  intricate  equity 
litigation  ever  conducted  in  Cumberland 
county,  as  well  as  an  important  equity  suit 
in  Hagerstown,  Md.,  and  these  legal  vic- 
tories saved  the  assignors  from  insolvency. 
The  qualities  which  he  displayed  in  the 
above  and  other  cases  brought  to  his  office 
an  extensive  miscellaneous  practice.  He 
was  always  much  interested  in  the  material 
progress  of  his  native  town,  and  in  i8go 
he  became  united  with  several  other  gen- 
tlemen in  organizing  The  Carlisle  Land 
and  Improvement  Company,  which  imme- 
diately purchased  a  large  tract  of  land  at 


the  edge  of  Carlisle  and  became  a  potent 
factor  in  its  recent  marked  development. 
In  the  establishment  of  various  factories  in 
the  borough  he  likewise  took  an  active  part 
and  at  this  time  is  president  of  the  Carlisle 
Silk  Company  and  a  director  of  the  Lindner 
Shoe  Company,  both  of  which  are  flourish- 
ing industrial  corporations.  On  February 
2,  1882,  he  married  Gertrude  D.,  a  daughter 
of  J.  Herman  and  Mary  J.  (Kirk)  Bosler, 
of  Carlisle.  They  have  two  children:  Her- 
man Bosler,  born  April  14,  1883,  and  Ed- 
ward Macfunn,  born  May  29,   1886. 

In  the  fall  of  1894  he  was  elected  to  the 
position  of  president  judge  of  Cumberland 
county,  and  on  the  first  Monday  of  the  fol- 
lowing January,  entered  on  the  duties  of  a 
ten  years'  judicial  term. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Bar 
Association  and  of  the  Pennsylvania  State 
Bar  Association,  and  as  a  member  of  the 
committee  on  law  reform  of  the  latter  body 
has  given  a  good  deal  of  time  and  thought 
to  furthering  the  ends  for  which  the  or- 
ganization was  formed.  In  December, 
1896,  as  a  representative  of  that  commit- 
tee, he  united  with  the  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  legal  education  in  calling  the 
first  and  only  convention  of  Pennsylvania 
judges  which  has  ever  been  held,  the  pur- 
pose of  the  meeting  being  twofold:  First, 
to  consider  the  expediency  and  feasibility 
of  obtaining  uniform  rules  of  court 
throughout  the  State;  and  second,  to  take 
steps  to  put  into  operation  an  approved 
system  of  legal  education.  The  conven- 
tion was  held  in  Philadelphia  on  Decem- 
ber 29,  1896,  and  was  a  marked  success, 
about  two-thirds  of  the  judges  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, and  more  than  a  hundred  attor- 
neys in  active  practice,  who  were  inter- 
ested in  the  subjects  under  discussion, 
being  present. 

Judge  Biddle's  excellent  private  law 
library  remains  in  the  office  where  for  many 


244 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


years  he  conducted  active  practice,  and 
there  he  still  works  and  hears  arguments 
at  chambers  between  sessions  of  court. 

GEORGE  EDWARD  REED,  S.  T.D., 
LL.  D.,  seventeenth  president  of 
Dickinson  College  was  born  in  Brownville, 
Maine,  in  1846.  His  father,  a  clergyman  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  came  to 
America  from  England  in  1836. 

The  father  dying  when  the  son  was  about 
six  years  of  age,  the  mother,  a  woman  of 
great  strength  of  character  removed  with 
her  large  family  to  Lowell,  Mass.,  in  the 
schools  of  which  city  George  received  the 
rudiments  of  his  education.  The  family, 
however,  being  in  straitened  circumstances 
the  boy  was  compelled  at  an  early  age  to 
begin  the  battle  of  life  for  himself,  which 
he  did.  Serving  for  several  years  in  var- 
ious capacities  in  one  of  the  large  manu- 
facturing companies  of  the  "Spindle  City," 
first  as  "runner"  in  the  counting  room  and 
later  as  "bobbin  boy"  in  the  mills.  In  the 
summer  he  worked  on  the  farm  adjacent 
to  the  city,  gaining  in  this  severe  school 
the  stalwart,  vigorous  frame  which  has 
stood  him  in  such  good  stead  in  later  years. 
Having  at  last  accumulated  money  enough 
to  warrant  the  continued  pursuit  of  the 
studies  he  had  been  compelled,  .tempor- 
arily, to  lay  aside,  in  January,  1865,  he  en- 
tered the  Wesleyan  Academy,  Wilbraham, 
Mass.,  to  prepare  for  college.  This  he  ac- 
complished in  the  surprisingly  short  space 
of  one  term  and  a  half,  doing  within  this 
period  the  amount  of  work  usually  gone 
over  in  nine  months.  Dr.  Reed  justly  re- 
gards this  as  the  greatest  achievement  of 
his  life,  the  record  never,  to  his  knowledge, 
having  been  surpassed.  Entering  Wes- 
leyan University,  Middletown,  Conn.,  in 
September,  1865,  he  was  graduated  with 
distinction  in  1869,  in  a  class  famous  in  the 
history  of  the  college  for  the  number  of  its 


members  who  have  attained  eminence  in 
their  various  callings. 

After  his  graduation  from  college,  he 
passed  one  year  in  the  study  of  theology 
in  the  school  of  theology  of  Boston  Uni- 
versity. Retiring  from  the  school  in  1870, 
he  at  once  began  the  work  of  the  ministry 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  serving 
two  most  important  churches  of  that  body 
in  Willimantic,  Conn.,  and  in  Fall  River, 
Mass.  In  1875,  being  then  but  twenty- 
nine  years  of  age,  he  was  transferred  to  the 
Hanson  Place  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  then  and  now  the  largest 
church  of  that  religious  denomination  in 
this  country.  At  the  end  of  three  years  he 
was  appointed  to  an  influential  church  in 
Stamford,  Conn. 

In  1881  he  became  pastor  of  the  Nos- 
trand  Avenue  church,  Brooklyn,  where  he  f 
continued  for  three  years,  at  the  expira- 
tion of  which  period  he  served  again  in  the 
Hanson  Place  church.  On  leaving  the  city 
of  Brooklyn  he  was  tendered  a  reception  in 
the  Brooklyn  Tabernacle  by  citizens  of  the 
city,  irrespective  of  denominational  lines  in 
recognition  of  public  services  rendered. 

In  1887  Dr.  Reed  assumed  the  pastorate 
of  Trinity  church.  New  Haven.  While 
serving  his  second  year  there  he  was  hon- 
ored with  a  unanimous  call  to  the  presi- 
dency of  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  Pa., 
one  of  the  oldest  of  the  colleges  of  the 
country. 

The  presidency  of  Dr.  Reed  has  been 
eminently  successful,  the  number  of  stud- 
eats  in  attendance  having  more  than 
doubled  during  the  years  of  his  adminis- 
tration, with  corresponding  evidence  of 
prosperity  in  all  lines  of  college  work.  In 
addition  to  the  various  duties  of  his  posi- 
tion Dr.  Reed  is  in  great  demand  as  lect- 
urer and  preacher  in  all  parts  of  the  coun- 
try and  with  constantly  increasing  fame. 

Dr.  Reed  is  a  careful  thinker,  eloquent 


^ 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


245 


in  diction,  self-possessed  in  manner  and 
attractive  in  the  mode  of  presenting  his 
subject.  He  clearly  enunciates  his  propo- 
sitions and  logically  follows  them  to  their 
conclusions,  convincing  the  minds  of  his 
hearers  and  winning  their  hearts  by  the 
clearness  of  his  statement  and  the  sincerity 
and  earnestness  of  his  convictions. 

In  June,  1870,  he  was  married  to  Ella 
Feanres  Leffingwell,  of  Norwich,  Conn.,  a 
lineal  descendant  of  the  famous  Puritan 
captain,  Miles  Standish,  of  the  Plymouth 
Colony.     To  them  one  son  has  been  born. 

During  his  public  career  President  Reed 
while  a  clergyman  by  profession  and  de- 
voted to  his  calling,  has  nevertheless  always 
manifested  great  interest  in  political  aflairs, 
not  hesitating  to  take  the  stump  for  the 
candidate  of  the  political  party — the  Re- 
publican— to  which  he  has  always  belonged 
and  to  lead  in  independent  movements,  par- 
ticularly in  Brooklyn,  when,  in  his  judg- 
ment, it  seemed  advisable  to  act  outside  of 
party  lines. 

As  a  political  orator,  no  less  than 
preacher  and  lecturer,  Dr.  Reed  has  won 
enviable  distinction. 

J  HERMAN  BOSLER,  citizen  of  Car- 
•  lisle,  Cumberland  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania, is  a  man  of  large  wealth,  pro- 
nounced influence  and  the  scion  of  an  old 
and  distinguished  Pennsylvania  family.  He 
was  born  in  Silver's  Spring  township,  Cum- 
berland county,  on  December  14th,  1830, 
and  is  the  son  of  Abraham  and  Eliza  (Her- 
man) Bosler. 

The  lineage  of  the  Pennsylvania  branch 
of  the  Bosler  family  is  easily  traceable  to 
the  pre-Revolutionary  period  of  our  history 
— to  a  certain  John  Bosler,  who  emigrated 
from  Hanover,  Germany,  and  settled  be- 
tween Elizabethtown  and  Maytown,  now 
known  as  Hosier's  church,  Lancaster 
county,    Pennsylvania,    in   the   year    1761. 


Here  he  married  a  Miss  Longenecker  and 
reared  a  large  family  of  children  who  grad- 
ually scattered  through  the  various  counties 
of  Southern  Pennsylvania.  One  son,  John, 
married  Catherine  Gish,  of  Lancaster 
county,  and  removed  to  Cumberland 
county,  settling  in  Silver's  Spring  township. 
This  township  became  henceforth  the 
homestead  cradle  of  the  Boslers  in  Cumber- 
land county  through  the  successive  genera- 
tions. To  John  and  his  wife,  Catherine, 
were  born  five  children,  three  sons  and  two 
daughters:  Jacob  D.  Bosler,  M.  D.,  married 
Anna  D.  Herman;  John,  twice  married 
first,  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Jacob  Keller,  and 
upon  her  decease  a  daughter  of  Geo.  Web- 
bert;  Nancy,  was  also  twice  married,  first 
to  John  Rife,  and  after  his  decease  to  Mel- 

chior  Webbert;  Catherine,  married  Dr. 

Fahnstock;  and  Abraham,  the  youngest 
son,  who  married  on  February  20th,  1830 
Eliza  Herman,  daughter  of  Martin  and 
Elizabeth  (Bowers)  Herman,  of  Silver's 
Spring  township. 

During  the  early  years  immediately  after 
reaching  his  majority,  Abraham  Bosler  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  pursuits  at  Hogues- 
town.  Pa.,  but  a  few  years  later  formed  a 
co-partnership  with  Francis  Porter  for  the 
purpose  of  conducting  a  produce  business, 
which  largely  consisted  in  shipping  pro- 
duce by  boat  on  the  Susquehanna  river  to 
Baltimore.  In  1851,  Mr.  Bosler  sold  his 
property  interests  in  Silver's  Spring  town- 
ship and  removed  to  South  Middleton 
township,  where  he  purchased  a  farm  upon 
which  was  erected  a  mill  and  a  distillery. 
These  three  branches  of  industry — farming, 
milling  and  distilling — continued  to  engage 
his  attention  until  1 87 1,  when  he  retired 
and  removed  to  Carlisle,  where  he  died  De- 
cember 2ist,  1883,  in  his  78th  year.  His 
wife  survived  him  two  years,  dying  in  her 
76th  year.  Early  in  life  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bos- 
ler united  with  the  Presbyterian  church  at 


246 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Silver's  Spring  and  at  the  time  of  their  re- 
moval transferred  their  membership  to  the 
Second  Presbyterian  church  of  Carlisle. 
They  were  both  progressive  and  zealous 
workers  in  the  cause  of  Christian  living 
and  contributed  liberally  toward  the  expan- 
sion of  the  church's  usefulness.  Their 
marital  union  was  blessed  by  the  birth  of 
eight  children,  all  born  in  Silver's  Spring 
township:  John  Herman,  James  William- 
son, Benjamin  C,  Joseph,  Elizabeth  Bow- 
ers, Mary  Catherine,  George  Morris,  and 
Charles,  who  died  in  infancy. 

The  boyhood  hfe  of  John  Herman  Bos- 
ler  was  passed  upon  his  father's  farm  in 
Silver's  Spring  township  and  was  character- 
ized by  the  common  incidents  and  scenes 
of  rural  life.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
entered  as  a  student  of  Cumberland  Acad- 
emy and  during  the  years  1850  and  1851 
studied  at  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle. 
Upon  leaving  the  college  halls  he  at  once 
entered  upon  an  active  business  career, 
which  succeeding  years  have  abundantly 
crowned  with  success.  In  the  outstart  he 
formed  a  partnership  with  his  father  in  the 
milling  and  distilling  business  and  contin- 
ued to  be  so  identified  for  a  period  of  five 
years.  He  then  became  interested  in  the 
iron  producing  industry  in  Huntingdon 
county,  where  he  remained  two  years. 
Just  about  this  time,  October  ist,  1856,  he 
married  Mary  J.,  eldest  daughter  of  James 
and  Martha  (Saeger)  Kirk,  of  Mifflin,  Juni- 
ata county,  shortly  after  which  he  returned 
to  Cumberland  county  and  resumed  the 
milling  business,  which  he  suplemented  by 
purchasing  and  shipping  grain  in  large 
quantities.  This  was  continued  until  the 
year  1870.  In  1869,  in  association  with  his 
brother,  James  W.,  Mr.  Bosler  engaged  in 
stock  ranching  in  Nebraska  and  became  a 
large  investor  in  the  cattle  business,  both 
in  Nebraska  and  Wyoming,  which  ventures 
met  with  an  immediate  and  emphatic  suc- 


cess. Later  he  turned  his  attention  to 
landed  investments,  and  with  his  accus- 
tomed sagacity,  became  one  of  the  largest 
purchasers  of  land  in  South  Omaha  in  con- 
nection with  his  brother  George.  These 
lands  were  subsequently  transferred  to  the 
South  Omaha  Land  Company,  of  which 
Mr.  Bosler  became  Vice-President,  and  in 
which  he  retained  a  large  interest.  The 
operations  of  this  company  resulted  in  the 
foundation  of  the  town  of  South  Omaha,  at 
that  time  three  miles  from  the  centre  of  the 
city  of  Omaha  proper;  and  so  rapid  has 
been  its  developement,  that  at  the  present 
time  it  is  a  corporate  part  of  the  city  itself. 
The  enterprise  proved  to  be  markedly  suc- 
cessful, even  beyond  the  expectation  of  the 
founders,  and  stands  out  as  a  fair  testimo- 
nial to  their  judgment  and  foresight. 
While  apparently  intent  upon  his  western 
enterprises,  Mr.  Bosler  did  not  lose  sight  of 
his  opportunities  in  the  east,especially  in  his 
native  county.  He  was  naturally  attracted 
to  the  development  of  home  enterprises  and 
was  very  prompt  to  take  the  initiative  in 
these  Hnes.  The  foundation  of  the  Carlisle 
Manufacturing  Company,  of  which  his 
brother,  James  W.  Bosler,  was  President, 
was  in  no  small  measure  due  to  his  impetus 
and  cordial  support.  He  was  one  of  its 
founders  and  charter  member.  This  con- 
concern  is  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
freight,  box  and  coal  cars,  railroad  frogs, 
switch  stands,  boilers,  horizontal  and  verti- 
cal engines  and  numerous  other  collateral 
articles  and  supplies,  comprising  a  variety 
and  extent  of  products  not  exceeded  in 
Cumberland  county. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  Mr.  Bosler 
is  President  of  the  Carlisle  Shoe  Factory, 
a  live  and  progressive  concern,  an  influen- 
tial director  in  the  Carlisle  Deposit  Bank, 
the  Merchants  National  Bank,  the  Carlisle 
Gas,  Water  and  Electric  Light  Co.,  a -dir- 
ector of  the  Cumberland  Valley  and  Dills- 


NiN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DiSTRICT. 


H7 


burg  Railroad  Company  and  was  President 
of  the  Carlisle  Land  and  Improvement 
Company,  which  latter  is  now  extinct,  to  all 
of  which  he  has  contributed  an  unusual 
business  ability. 

In  1891  Mr.  Bosler  associated  himself 
with  a  number  of  enterprising  gentlemen, 
whose  purpose  was  the  purchase  and  devel- 
opement  of  large  tracts  of  Western  land. 
The  first  purchase  made  by  this  associa- 
tion, whose  legal  designation  was  the  South 
San  Francisco  Land  and  Improvement 
Company,  was  in  San  Mateo  county,  Cali- 
fornia, embracing  a  tract  of  440  square 
miles,  bounded  on  the  west  by  the  Pacific 
Ocean  and  on  the  North  by  the  Bay  of 
San  Francisco.  The  surface  of  the  land  is 
undulating  and  covered  with  a  heavy 
growth  of  timber,  while  the  soil  is  arable 
and  productive.  It  is  also  prolific  of  miner- 
al springs,  some  of  which  are  impregnated 
with  sulphur  and  others  with  iron  and 
lithia  in  such  proportions  as  to  render  them 
highly  efificacious  as  medicinal  waters. 
Deposits  of  coal  have  also  been  found  and 
the  land  is  well  adapted  to  the  production  of 
the  cereal  grains  and  grass  for  grazing 
purposes.  Sometime  after  the  first  pur- 
chase, a  second  purchase  of  3400  acres  was 
made  by  the  same  company.  The  capita- 
lization of  the  company  was  fixed  at  $2,- 
000,000.00  and  it  was  designed  to  comprise 
in  addition  to  its  real  estate  holdings,  a 
Stock  Yard  Company,  an  Abattoir  Com- 
pany, a  Banking  Company  and  any  other 
form  or  function  of  industrial  or  financial 
organization  that  wovdd  contribute  toward 
the  more  perfect  improvement  and  expan- 
sion of  the  Company's  interest.  This  gi- 
gantic enterprise  has  so  far  proved  an  ex- 
ceptional venture. 

In  Cumberland  county  Mr.  Bosler  is  the 
owner  of  a  number  of  farms  in  whose  man- 
agement and  improvement  he  takes  a  spe- 
cial delight,  chiefly  because  it  affords  him 


a  restful  diversion  from  his  multifold  busi- 
ness connections.  This  has  led  him  also  to 
ally  himself  with  the  Cumberland  County 
Agricultural  Society,  which  has  lalways 
found  in  him  a  valuable  co-worker  and  an 
interested  patron. 

While  Mr.  Bosler's  life  has  been  essenti- 
ally that  of  a  business  man,  with  a  multi- 
plicity of  cares,  yet  he  has  found  time  to 
manifest  an  abiding  interest  in  other  forms 
of  social  activity.  He  is  a  man  of  a  pro- 
nounced religious  character  and  has  always 
shown  a  cordial  solicitude  for  the  welfare  of 
the  the  church  and  its  influence.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Second  Presbyterian 
church  of  Carlisle  and  has  been  assiduous 
and  untiring  in  aiding  all  its  forms  of  mater- 
ial and  moral  beneficence.  In  politics  he 
has  always  been  a  staunch  Democrat  and 
has  brought  to  the  support  of  his  party  the 
same  strength  and  patriotic  zeal  that  has 
characterized  his  business  career.  In  1888 
he  served  as  the  Democratic  elector  from 
the  Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 

Mr.  Bosler's  career  has  been  among  the 
most  conspicuous  in  this  Congressional 
district.  It  has  been  so  because  of  his  fam- 
ily heritage,  his  distinctive  personal  success 
and  the  high  esteem  in  which  he  is  held  by 
his  business  colleagues,  social  acquaint- 
ances and  fellow  townsmen.  His  business 
relations  have  been  marked  with  candor, 
honesty,  and  a  rare  good  judgment,  while 
his  courageous  and  progressive  spirit  have 
added  greatly  to  the  wealth  and  general 
well-being  of  his  city  and  county.  All  these 
things  are  in  high  attestation  of  the  char- 
acter and  demeanor  of  Mr.  Bosler  and 
mark  him  as  a  man  of  distinguished  citizen- 
ship as  well  as  a  person  of  exemplary  quali- 
ties. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bosler  have  had  ten  chil- 
dren, six  of  whom  are  now  living:  Gertrude 
wife  of  Judge  E.  W.  Biddle;  Herman,  Sec- 
retary and  Treasurer  of  the  Fidelity  and 


248 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Deposit  Company,  of  Maryland,  with  head 
office  at  Baltimore,  Md.;  Lila  McClellan, 
deceased,  wife  of  Edmund  Hooker,  of 
Omaha,  Nebraska;  Jean  M.,  wife  of  James 
I.  Chamberlain,  Attorney-at-Law,  Harris- 
burg,  Pa.;  Fleta,  unmarried;  Kirk,  student 
at  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle;  the  others 
died  in  infancy. 

FRANKLIN  GARDNER,  retired  man- 
ufacturer and  business  man  of  Car- 
lisle, Cumberland  county,  Pennsylvania,  was 
born  in  Hellam  Township,  York  County, 
Pennsylvania,  on  December  nth,  1820.  He 
is  a  son  of  Martin  and  Mary  (Thomas) 
Gardner. 

The  Gardners  are  of  German  lineage  and 
the  name  has  been  prominent  in  Pennsyl- 
vania biographical  history  for  a  number  of 
generations,  the  great  grandfather  of  our 
present  subject  having  located  in  York 
County  while  it  was  still  in  a  semi-pioneer 
state.  Here  he  secured  a  patent  for  six 
hundred  acres  of  land  in  Hellam  Township 
from  the  Penns,  which  at  the  time  of  his 
death  descended  to  his  heirs  and  became 
the  homestead  of  the  family  in  York 
County.  Upon  this  homestead  Martin 
Gardner,  grandfather,  was  born,  reared  and 
demised.  He  was  a  steady,  industrious  far- 
mer, a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church  and 
brought  up  to  maturity,  with  his  accustom- 
ed care,  a  family  of  six  children:  Mrs. 
George  Smyser  (deceased),  of  Gettysburg, 
Pennsylvania;  Mrs.  Samuel  Weiser,  late  of 
York;  Michael,  (deceased),  ex-sheriff  of 
York  County;  Martin,  father  of  Franklin; 
David,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  deceased  in 
Harrisburg;  Daniel,  a  farmer  and  at  the 
time  of  his  death  a  citizen  of  the  State  of 
Ohio. 

Martin  Gardner,  father,  like  his  progeni- 
tors for  several  generations,  was  a  native  of 
York  County,  Hellam  township,  and  was 
brought  up  to  and  chiefly  followed  agricul- 


tural pursuits.  For  a  period  of  eight  years 
he  served  as  steward  of  the  York  county 
almshouse  and  subsequently  removed  to  the 
city  of  York,  where  he  lived  in  retirement 
until  his  death  in  the  year  1837.  Near  the 
close  of  the  war  of  1812  he  was  drafted  into 
the  LTnited  States  military  service  but  be- 
fore the  order  came  to  march  to  the  front 
that  memorable  struggle  had  closed.  He 
was  a  Lutheran  in  his  church  membership 
and  a  Whig  in  politics.  His  wife  was  a 
daughter  of  John  Thomas  of  York  county 
and  bore  him  six  children,  five  sons  and  one 
daughter:  Franklin;  Israel,  late  of  Carlisle; 
Martin,  a  machinist,  now  located  at  Al- 
toona,  this  State;  Henry,  a  citizen  of  Har- 
risburg; Albert,  a  machinist,  located  at  Al- 
toona,  and  Lucy,  wife  of  Danford  Edmars, 
State  of  Indiana. 

Our  subject,  Franklin  Gardner,  was 
brought  up  on  the  old  homestead  farm  until 
he  attained  his  eighth  year  and  received 
the  educational  advantages  afforded  by  the 
common  schools  of  York  county  at  that 
time.  In  1840,  when  twenty  years  of  age, 
he  directed  his  steps  to  Carlisle,  Cumber- 
land county,  where  after  working  a  short 
period  in  a  foundry  he  succeeeded  his  for- 
mer employee  and  began  his  independent 
struggle  by  starting  in  a  small  way,  a 
machine  shop  and  foundry  combined  on 
the  corner  of  Bedford  and  High  streets. 
At  first  the  heavier  machinery  was  operated 
by  horse  power  but  on  July  4th,  1842,  the 
latter  was  superseded  by  steam  power,  the 
introduction  of  which  marked  the  advent  of 
the  first  steam  engine  in  Carlisle.  Through 
this  and  other  constant  additions  from  time 
to  time  the  business  kept  expanding  and  in 
1848  William  J.  Brown  was  admitted  to  a 
partnership  interest,  the  firm  name  becom- 
ing Gardner  &  Brown.  In  185 1  the  works 
were  destroyed  by  fire  and  compelled  a 
reconstruction.  At  this  juncture  Mr. 
Brown  retired  from  the  p^tnership  and  the 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


249 


work  of  rebuilding  was  begun  and  com- 
pleted by  Mr.  Gardner,  who  continued  sole 
proprietor  until  1857.  During  this  year  E. 
Beatty  secured  an  interest  and  the  business 
was  conducted  as  Gardner  &  Company  un- 
til 1880  George  Butem  (deceased)  having 
been  admitted  into  the  partnership  in  1867. 
At  this  time  the  facilities,  output  and  gener- 
al business  of  Gardner  &  Company  had 
grown  from  the  very  modest  beginnings  of 
1840  to  very  generous  proportions,  involv- 
ing assets  of  more  than  $75,000,  and  a  va- 
riety of  manufactured  implements  and 
foundry  work  not  excelled  in  the  county. 
In  1880  Mr.  Gardner  closed  out  his  inter- 
ests in  the  foundry  and  machine  shop  to 
what  is  now  known  as  the  Carlisle  Manu- 
facturing Company.  In  1883,  in  conjunction 
with  his  two  sons,  Edward  J.  and  John  H., 
Mr.  Gardner  built  and  organized  the  Letort 
Axle  Works,  located  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  town,  and  maintained  an  active 
interest  in  that  well  known  industry  until 
August  1st,  1896,  when  he  retired  and  the 
firm  became  F.  Gardner's  Sons.  This  estab- 
lishment engages  in  the  manufacture  of 
axles  for  all  kinds  of  carriages  and  vehicles, 
besides  the  general  iron  products  of  a  ma- 
chine shop.  It  employs  about  sixty  men 
and  has  a  weekly  pay  roll  of  about  four 
hundred  dollars.  In  point  of  the  excellence 
of  its  products,  financial  stability  and  tact- 
ful management  it  ranks  with  the  first  in- 
dustries of  the  county.  In  addition  to  the 
foregoing  interests  Mr.  Gardner  is  a  large 
real  estate  owner,  and  director  of  the  Gas 
and  Water  Company  for  thirty-five  years, 
and  has  many  lesser  business  connections. 
He  is  an  active  member  of  the  Lutheran 
church  a  member  of  the  Independent 
Order  of  Odd  Fellows  and  has  been  conspi- 
cuous as  a  man  of  public  spirit  and  civic 
pride.  His  business  success,  no  less  than 
his  standing  as  a  citizen,  has  been  due  to 
his  characteristic  energy,  business  methods 


and  uncompromising  honesty.  During  the 
long  years  of  residence  in  his  adopted  home 
he  has  seen  it  developed  from  a  hamlet  of 
less  than  four  thousand  people  to  a  beauti- 
ful city  replete  with  industry  and  educa- 
tional institutions  and  can  rest  secure  in  the 
knowledge  that  he  has  done  his  share  in  its 
expansion. 

On  March  24th,  1842,  Mr.  Gardner  was 
joined  in  marriage  with  Sarah  Jane  Abra- 
hams, daughter  of  Jacob  Abrahams,  of  Car- 
lisle. This  union  resulted  in  the  birth  of 
ten  children:  Carolina,  widow  of  William 
Maize,  of  Pottsville,  Pennsylvania;  Martin, 
deceased:  Annie,  wife  of  Henry  W.  Bow- 
man, of  Philadelphia;  Alice,  wife  of  J.  R. 
Butem,  of  Philadelphia;  Edward  J.,  mem- 
ber of  F.  Gardner's  Sons;  John  H.,  mem- 
ber of  F.  Gardner's  Sons;  Laura,  wife  of 
Charles  P.  Adams,  Attorney-at-Law,  of 
Carlisle,  Pa.,  and  three  deceased. 

REV.  HENRY  EDWARD  NILES,  D. 
D.  Since  April  16,  1865,  Dr.  Hen- 
ry Edward  Niles  has  been  pastor  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  Church,  of  York.  One 
of  his  first  public  appearances  here,  was 
April  19th,  1865,  when  he  delivered  the  ora- 
tion at  the  Lincoln  funeral  services  in  Christ 
Lutheran  Church. 

During  these  years  his  strong  character 
and  devotion  to  principle  and  duty,  aided 
by  a  peculiarly  responsive  sympathy  and 
enforced  by  no  ordinary  eloquence  and  a 
ready  pen,  have  made  him  an  influential 
factor  in  the  religious  and  intellectual  life 
and  development  of  the  town  and  county. 

Under  his  charge  the  Church  has  con- 
stantlv  increased  in  numbers,  philanthropy 
and  influence;  branches  have  been  estab- 
lished in  the  north  and  south  section  of  the 
city,  known  as  the  Westminster  and  Cal- 
vary churches;  and  the  parent  organization 
is  now  larger  and  more  active  than  ever  in 
its  history. 


250 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


He  was  largely  interested  in  forming 
plans  upon  which  his  intimate  friend  and 
elder,  Samuel  Small,  founded  the  York  Col- 
legiate Institute,  of  which  he  has  from  the 
beginning  been  a  Trustee. 

He  is  also  a  Trustee  and  active  friend  of 
Lincoln  University;  and  has  given  much 
thought  and  care  to  the  Board  of  Minister- 
ial Relief  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  of 
which  for  many  years,  he  has  been  a  mem- 
ber. 

In  1874  he  was  moderator  of  the  Synod 
of  Philadelphia,  and  in  1877  was  Associate 
Member  of  the  Pan-Presbyterian  Council 
which  met  at  Edinburgh,  Scotland. 

Nor  have  his  energies  and  talents  been 
devoted  by  any  means  exclusively  to  his 
own  church  and  to  Presbyterian  institu- 
tions. 

All  wise  reforms  in  morals  and  politics 
have  had  in  him  a  fearless  and  judicious 
advocate,  and  he  has  been  a  strong  support 
for  all  movements  of  evangelization  and 
philanthropy. 

Before  the  union  of  the  Old  and  New 
School,  in  1870,  he  and  his  church  were 
connected  with  the  latter  branch  and  his 
ecclesiastical  tendencies  have  always  been 
in  favor  of  all  liberty  of  thought  and  ex- 
pression, consistent  with  devotion  to  fun- 
damental truth. 

Dr.  Niles  is  of  an  old  New  England 
family.  He  was  born  August  15,  1823,  at 
South  Hadley,  Mass.,  the  second  child  of 
William  Niles  and  Sophia  Goodrich;  and 
was  descendant  in  the  seventh  generation, 
from  Captain  John  Niles,  who  came  from 
Wales  in  1630,  settled  in  Abington,  Mass., 
and  afterwards  moved  to  Braintree. 

William  Niles  moved  with  his  family  to 
Spencertown,  Columbia  county,  N.  Y., 
when  Henry  was  about  five  years  old;  and 
the  boy  spent  his  youth  amid  the  beauties 
of  the  Hudson  River  and  Berkshire  Hills. 

He  was  graduated  from  Union  College, 


Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  in  1844,  and  from 
Princeton  Theological  Seminary  in  1848; 
and  was  ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  Co- 
lumbia and  installed  pastor  at  Valatie 
(Kinderhook),  N.  Y.,  October  24,  1848. 

In  1855  broken  health  compelled  him  to 
spend  about  a  year  in  travel  and  recreation ; 
after  which  he  supplied  the  church  at  An- 
gelica, N.  Y. 

From  1859  until  the  outbreak  of  the  war 
he  served  as  pastor-elect  of  the  North 
church  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

In  1861  he  was  called  to  Albion,  N.  Y., 
from  whence,  after  a  very  successful  minis- 
try, he  came  to  York. 

In  187s  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Wooster  University. 

June  26,  1850,  at  Lowell,  Mass.,  Mr. 
Niles  married  Jeannie  E.,  daughter  of  Sum- 
ner Marsh;  whose  qualities  and  efforts  have 
so  supplemented  and  aided  his,  as  to  make 
their  lives  a  harmonious  whole  of  joint  de- 
votion to  all  that  is  good,  unselfish  and 
beautiful. 

They  have  three  living  children:  Henry 
Carpenter,  born  at  Angelica,  N.  Y.,  June 
17,  1858,  a  member  of  the  York  bar;  Alfred 
Salem,  born  at  St.  Louis,  October  28,  i860, 
a  lawyer  at  Baltimore,  and  Edward,  born  at 
York,  September  18,  1868,  pastor  of  the 
Reformed  churcTi  at  Gardner,  N.  Y. 

HON.  JAMES  M.WEAKLEY,  a  pro- 
minent lawyer  of  Carlisle  and  a  dis- 
tinguished citizen  of  the  Cumberland  Val- 
ley, is  a  son  of  James  Weakley  and  Eliza- 
beth (Lockhart)  Weakley.  He  was  born 
in  Dickinson  township,  Cumberland  county, 
Pennsylvania,  April  12,1839.  He  is  fourth 
in  descent  from  the  pioneer  James  Weakley, 
Sr.,  of  English  descent,  who  settled  as  early 
as  1725,  on  the  Yellow  Breeches,  in  what 
was  then  called  Pennsborough  township. 
Here  he  purchased  a  tract  of  six  hundred 
acres  of  land  from  the  Penns,  on  which  he 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


251 


built  a  house,  enclosed  by  a  stockade  for  the 
protection  of  his  family  and  neighbors  from 
the  attacks  of  the  savages  during  the  Indian 
troubles.  He  increased  his  possessions  con- 
siderably by  purchasing,  and  at  his  death 
was  the  owner  of  large  estates  in  lands.  His 
family  consisted  of  six  sons  and  five  daugh- 
ters. 

His  son,  James  Weakley,  who  inherited 
the  tract  purchased  by  his  father  from  the 
Penns,  served  two  enlistments  during  the 
Revolutionary  war,  retiring  with  rank  of 
Captain.  He  lived  on  the  home  farm  until 
his  death  in  1814  at  the  age  of  eighty-four 
years.  He  married  Rebecca  McKinley,  by 
whom  he  had  four  sons,  Isaac,  James,  Na- 
thaniel and  William,  and  four  daughters, 
Mrs.  Jane  Woods,  Mrs.  Rebecca  Boden, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Woodburn  and  Nancy 
Weakley.  William  died  in  early  manhood. 
All  his  other  children  lived  to  an  advanced 
age.  ';  •" 

James  Weakley,  the  second  son  of  Cap- 
tain James  Weakley,  born  April  16,  1785, 
inherited  the  home  of  his  ancestors. 
When  he  was  more  than  forty-five  years 
old,  he  encountered  financial  trouble  and 
the  old  homestead  was  sold  from  him.  He 
then  married  Elizabeth  Lockhart,  the 
daughterof  a  farmer  in  Dickinson  township, 
and  began  anew.  Engaging  in  the  manu- 
facture of  lumber,  by  hard  work  and  severe 
economy  he  soon  began  to  acquire  pro- 
perty. When  he  retrieved  his  fortune  he 
purchased  a  farm  in  Penn  township,  to 
which  he  removed  in  1847,  ^"d  resided 
there  until  his  death.  In  1861,  then  seventy- 
six  years  old,  he  re-purchased  the  old  home- 
stead, paying  for  it  a  price  four  times 
greater  than  it  brought  when  it  was  sold 
from  him  in  1835.  He  died  August  30, 
1873;  his  wife  had  passed  away  June  7, 
1854.  He  was  a  strong,  earnest  indomitable 
man. 

His  family  consisted  of  three  sons  and 


one  daughter,  William  H.  and  Wilson  C. 
Weakley,  who  are  farmers  in  Dickinson 
township;  Rebecca  C.  Weakley,  and  the 
subject  of  the  present  sketch. 

James  M.  Weakley  was  reared  on  his 
father's  farm,  received  a  fair  academic  edu- 
cation, and  in  i860,  began  the  study  of  law 
with  William  H.  Miller,  of  Carlisle.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  Cumberland  County 
Bar  in  1862,  and  has  been  in  active  practice 
ever  since  in  the  courts  of  this  and  other 
counties  of  the  State.  Mr.  Weakley,  on 
September  12,  1865,  was  married  to  Mary 
F.  Sullivan,  who  died  March  i,  1880.  He 
has  had  three  children,  Florence,  who  died 
in  childhood;  Mary  F.,  a  graduate  of  The 
Academy  of  the  Visitation,  Georgetown, 
D.  C,  and  Francis  J.,  a  graduate  of  St. 
John's  College,  Fordham,  New  York  city, 
and  of  the  Dickinson  School  of  Law,  who 
is  now  practicing  his  profession  in  Jeffer- 
son county,  Pennsylvania. 

For  several  years  Mr.  Weakley  was  inter- 
ested in  journalism.  He  was  for  eight  years 
editor  and  part  owner  of  the  Carlisle  Her- 
ald, the  Republican  organ  of  Cumberland 
county,  and  for  two  years  editor  of  the  Car- 
lisle Leader.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Second 
Presbyterian  church,  of  Carlisle,  and  a  past 
master  of  St.  John's  Lodge,  Free  and  Ac- 
cepted Masons.  He  was  several  years  presi- 
dent of  the  Cumberland  Valley  Mutual  In- 
surance Company,  and  has  held  other  po- 
sitions of  trust  and  responsibility. 

His  political  career  began  in  1865,  when 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Borough 
Council,  in  which  he  served  until  1868.  The 
year  following  he  was  appointed  by  Gover- 
nor Geary  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Com- 
monwealth, which  important  and  respon- 
sible position  he  filled  from  1869  to  1872. 
In  1871  he  was  elected  State  Senator  from 
the  district  composed  of  Cumberland  and 
Franklin  counties  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Senate  for  three  years  serving  on  the  com- 


252 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


mittees  on  Corporations,  Judiciary  General 
and  Constitutional  Reform.  Just  prior  to 
his  election  to  the  Senate  he  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  School  Board  of  Carlisle,and 
was  re-elected  four  times,  being  President 
of  the  Board  the  last  ten  years  of  his  ser- 
vice. 

In  1891  he  was  elected  professor  of 
Pleading  in  the  Dickinson  School  of  Law, 
and  the  following  year  was  made  Pro- 
fessor of  Equity.  He  has  filled  these  posi- 
tions ever  since.  Since  his  retirement  from 
politics  Mr.  Weakley  has  engaged  actively 
in  the  practice  of  the  law  and  has  main- 
tained a  high  position  in  his  profession.  He 
has  had  a  varied,  honorable  and  successful 
career. 

HON  ROBERT  M.  HENDERSON,  a 
distinguished  citizen  of  Carlisle,  son 
of  Wm.  M.  and  Elizabeth  (Parker)  Hend- 
erson, was  born  March  nth,  1827,  in  North 
Middleton  township,  Cumberland  county, 
Pa.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  Carlisle;  and  at  Dickinson  College,  grad- 
uating from  the  High  School  in  1838,  and 
from  Dickinson  College  in  1845;  studied 
law  with  Hon.  John  Reed  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  Aug.  25,  1847.  He  was 
elected  by  the  Whigs  a  member  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Legislature  in  1851;  and  re- 
elected in  1852.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Re- 
bellion he  was  chosen,  and  duly  commis- 
sioned April  21,  1861,  Captain  Co.  A,  7th 
Penn'a  Reserves,  36th  Pa.  Volunteers.  This 
regiment  was  attached  to  2nd  Brigade,  Mc- 
Call's  Division,  Army  of  Potomac,  and 
served  through  the  Peninsular  campaign; 
and  afterwards  joined  the  army  of  Northern 
Virginia  under  Gen.  Pope,  and  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  Bull  Run  (second).  During 
this  engagement  Col.  Henderson  while 
making  a  charge  was  shot  through  the  body 
with  a  minnie  ball,  and  carried  from  the 
field. 


Judge  Advocate,  Court  Martial,  Decem- 
ber, 1861,  June  1862. 

Lieut.  Colonel  July  4,  1862,  upon  the 
recommendation  of  Brig.  General  Seymour 
for  "briUiant  gallantry,"  &c. 

Inspector  General,  stafif  of  General  Dou- 
bleday,  commanding  Penn'a  Reserves — 
January  to  February,  1863. 

With  Burnside's  2nd  campaign  January 
20-24,  1863. 

May  I,  1863,  appointed  under  an  Act  of 
Congress,  Provost  Marshal,  15th  District 
of  Pennsylvania  (now  19th),  and  held  this 
position  until  the  close  of  the  war. 

Brevetted  Colonel  U.  S.  Volunteers 
March  13,  1865 — "for  gallant  and  meritor- 
ious conduct  during  the  action  at  Charles 
City  Crossroads,  Virginia,  when  he  was 
wounded,  and  for  good  conduct  through- 
out the  campaign." 

Brevetted  Brig-General  U.  S.  Vol.,  "for 
gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  Bat- 
tle of  Bull  Run  (second),  Virginia." 

General  Henderson  upon  the  close  of  his 
career  as  a  soldier  resumed  the  practice  of 
law  at  Carlisle,  and  assumed  in  connection 
therewith  the  Presidency  of  the  Carlisle  De- 
posit Bank.  In  April,  1874,  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  Governor  Hartranft  additional 
law  judge  of  the  12th  Judicial  District  of 
Pennsylvania,  composed  of  Dauphin  and 
Lebanon  counties,  and  was  nominated  and 
elected  to  the  same  office  without  opposi- 
tion in  November  of  the  same  year.  Janu- 
ary I,  1882,  he  became  President  Judge  of 
the  district,  and  in  March,  1882  resigned 
from  the  bench,  and  returned  to  Carlisle 
and  resumed  the  practice  of  his  profession. 

In  addition  to  the  public  positions  in  the 
army  and  State  so  acceptably  filled  by 
Judge  Henderson,  he  is  honored  by  many 
other  positions  of  public  and  private  trust. 
Among  these  may  be  mentioned:  The  Pres- 
idency of  the  Carlisle  Deposit  Bank,  Chair- 
man Group  5,  Pennsylvania  Bankers'  Asso- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


253 


ciation;  President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  IMetzger  College;  Trustee  Carlisle  Indian 
Training  School;  a  Director  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Scotch-Irish  Societ}',  &c.,  &c.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  the  Military  Order  of 
the  Loyal  Legion  of  the  United  States,  and 
of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 

CHARLES  FRANCIS  HIMES,Ph.D., 
LL.  D.  This  widely  known  edu- 
cator and  scientist  was  born  in  Lancaster 
county,  Pa.,  in  1838.  The  family,  however, 
came  from  Adams  county.  His  father, 
William  D.  Himes,  and  his  grandfather. 
Colonel  George  Himes,  were  both  well 
known.  His  ancestry  was  of  the  German 
imm-igration  of  about  1730.  When  only 
seventeen  years  of  age  he  was  graduated 
at  Dickinson  College  as  A.  B.  with  high 
rank.  Immediately  after  graduation  he 
taught  Mathematics  and  Natural  Science 
in  a  seminary  of  the  Wyoming  Conference 
for  a  year,  then  went  to  Missouri,  where  he 
taught  in  the  public  schools  and  read  law 
at  the  same  time.  During  a  visit  to  the 
East  he  was  persuaded  to  restmie  teaching 
and  after  being  connected  with  Baltimore 
Female  College  for  a  year,  he  became  pro- 
fessor of  Mathematics  in  Troy  University. 
In  1863  he  went  to  Germany,  and  prose- 
cuted scientific  studies  at  the  University  at 
Giessen.  In  the  fall  of  1865  he  returned  to 
America  to  assume  the  professorship  of 
Natural  Science  in  Dickinson  College, 
which  he  had  accepted  upon  the  ur- 
gent request  of  the  faculty  and  trustees  of 
the  college.  He  at  once  proposed  and  car- 
ried out  successfully  elective  Laboratory 
Courses  of  study  in  the  Junior  and  Senior 
years,  according  to  the  report  of  the  Na- 
tional Commissioner  of  Education  among 
the  very  first  of  the  kind  in  the  country, and 
by  pen  and  addresses  he  advocated  the  New 
Education  of  that  day.  In  1885,  at  the 
opening  of  the  Jacob  Tome  Scientific  Build- 


ing, Dr.  Himes  selected  the  chair  of  Phy- 
sics. Fie  had  contributed  much  to  the  erec- 
tion of  this  building  by  his  persistent  advo- 
cacy of  enlarged  facilities  for  the  expanded 
department,  and  he  added  complete  Physi- 
cal Laboratory  courses  at  once  to  the  curri- 
culum of  the  college.  At  the  commence- 
ment, in  June  1S96,  Professor  Him.es  pre- 
sented his  resignation  to  the  Trustees  be- 
cause of  the  serious  demand  made  upon  his 
time  by  the  purely  routine  work  of  a  profes- 
sorship. Aside  from  his  duties  as  a  Profes- 
sor, he  was  for  many  years  Treasurer  of 
the  corporation  and  was  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  up  to  the  recent  meeting. 
As  senior  professor  in  service,  he  was  act- 
ing President  of  the  college  for  months  at 
a  time.  In  each  of  these  relations  to  the 
college,  as  well  as  professor,  his  term  of 
service  exceeded  that  of  any  other  in  the 
long  history  of  the  college.  In  accepting 
the  resignation  of  Professor  Himes,  the 
Board  of  Trustees  coupled,  with  expressions 
of  regret,  the  conferment  of  the  degree  of 
LL.  D.,  in  recognition  of  his  attainments 
and  his  great  service  to  the  college.  The 
graduating  class  made  a  prominent  feature 
of  Class-day  exercises  the  unveiling  of  a 
portrait  of  Dr.  Himes,  hung  in  Bosler  Hall, 
presented  by  the  class  to  the  college,  with 
remarks  expressive  of  the  high  place  held 
by  him  in  the  affections  of  his  students. 
The  consensus  of  opinion  of  the  alumni  of 
the  thirty-one  years  of  his  professorship 
seems  to  be,  that  as  a  teacher  he  never  con- 
fined his  instruction  to  the  text  book,  and 
that  his  methods  were  personal  rather  than 
mechanical,  and  effective  in  inspiring  to 
thoughtful  study  rather  than  to  sporadic 
cram,  whilst  his  acknowledged  success  as  a 
disciplinarian,  without  the  use  of  a  demerit 
mark  throughout  his  long  professorship, 
seemed  to  be  due  to  the  universal  respect  of 
his  classes  resulting  from  a  dignified  and 
friendly  intercourse,     Naturally   a   man   of 


17 


254 


BlOGR.'\PHICAL  AND  PORTRAIT  CYCLOPEDIA. 


fine  feeling  and  noble  instincts,  he  has  en- 
deared himself  to  every  class,  and  he  will  be 
remembered  with  great  respect  by  every 
one  familiar  with  his  work.  Dr.  Himes  has 
seen  much  of  life  in  the  old  world.  He  was 
a  student  there  from  1863  to  1865,  and  in 
1872,  1883,  and  again  in  1890  visited  the  old 
world,  accompanied  by  his  family.  He  was 
one  of  the  earliest  amateur  photographers, 
and  always  abreast  of  the  most  advanced 
methods,  and  his  camera  has  always  been  a 
valuable  companion  in  these  trips,  furnish- 
ing valuable  notes  of  science  and  travel,  in- 
cluding the  glaciers  of  the  Zermatt  region 
of  Switzerland.  Instruction  in  Photography, 
as  an  educational  means,  and  as  an  aid  in 
scientic  investigation,  has  had  a  place  in  the 
Physical  Laboratory  of  the  college  for  years. 
Dr.  Himes  also  organized  and  conducted 
successfully  the  first  Summer  School  of 
Photography,  in  1884  and  1885,  at  Mt.  Lake 
Park,  Md.,  which  is  still  in  successful  opera- 
tion. Besides  his  regular  work  in  the  college 
he  has  delivered  numerous  lectures  and  ad- 
dresses of  a  scientific,  educational  and  pop- 
ular character.  Among  those  published, 
some  fully  illustrated,  may  be  mentioned 
those  on  "Actinism  or  the  Scientific  Basis 
of  Photography,"  delivered  at  the  Interna- 
tional Electrical  Exhibition  in  Philadelphia; 
on  "The  Stereoscope  and  its  Applications;" 
on  "Amateur  Photography  in  its  Educa- 
tional Relations,"  before  the  Franklin  In- 
stitute, Philadelphia:  on  "The  Scientific  Ex- 
pert in  Forensic  Procedure,"  before  the 
Franklin  Institute  and  the  Dickinson  School 
of  Law;  "Science  in  the  Common  Schools," 
before  the  Pennsylvania  State  Teachers'  As 
sociation;  "Phenomenon  of  the  Horizontal 
Moon  and  Convergency  of  the  Optic  Axis 
im  Binocular  Vision,"  before  the  New  York 
Academy  of  Sciences;  "Scientific  Theories 
and  Creeds,"  before  the  American  Institute 
of  Christian  Philosophy;  "Photography  as 
an  Educational  Means,"   before  the   Con- 


gress at  the  Columbian  Exposition  1893; 
"Address  at  the  opening  of  The  Jacob 
Tome  Scientific  Building." 

His  contributions  to  scientific  and  educa- 
tional literature  are  numerous  and  valuable, 
among  them  "Preparation  of  Photographic 
Plates  by  Day-light,"  "Methods  and  Re- 
sults of  Observations  of  Total  Eclipse  of  the 
Sun,"  "Review  of  Professor  Porter's  Amer- 
ican Colleges  and  American  Public," 
"Methods  of  Teaching  Chemistry,"  "Photo- 
graphy Amongthe  Glaciers,"  "Investigation 
of  the  Electric  Spark  by  means  of  Stereo- 
scopic Photography,"  &c.,  &c. 

From  1872  to  1879  Dr.  Himes  was  asso- 
ciated with  Professor  S.  F.  Baird  in  the 
preparation  of  the  "Record  of  Science  and 
Industry,"  and  of  the  scientific  columns  of 
Harper's  publications,  and  other  period- 
icals. He  has  also  published  three  editions 
of  "Will's  Tables  for  Chemical  Analysis," 
translated  and  enlarged;  "Leaf-Prints,  a 
text-book  of  Photographic  Printing;"  "the 
Stereoscope,  Its  History,  Theory,  and  Con- 
struction ;"  "Report  of  the  Section  of  the 
United  States  Government  Expedition,  Sta- 
tioned at  Ottumwa,  Iowa,  to  Observe  and 
Photograph  the  Total  Eclipse  of  the  Sun, 
in  1869;"  "History  of  Dickinson  College, 
more  particularly  of  the  Scientific  Depart- 
ment, and  of  Scientific  Education  in  Amer- 
ica."    Illustrated. 

Professor  Himes  is  a  Member  and  Fellow 
of  the  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science;  the  American  Philosophical  So- 
ciety of  Philadelphia;  the  New  York  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences;  the  Philadelphia  Photo- 
graphic Society;  the  Maryland  Academy  of 
Sciences;  American  Institute  of  Christian 
Philosophy;  The  Pennsylvania  German  So- 
ciety, &c. 

Professor  Himes  married  Miss  Mary  E. 
Murray,  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Joseph  A.  Mur- 
ray, D.  D.,  a  prominent  Presbyterian  min- 
ister of  Carlisle,  Pa.  They  have  two  chil- 
dren Mary  M.  and  Anna  M. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


255 


HON.  W.  F.  BAY  STEWART.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch,  Judge  W.  F. 
Bay  Stewart,  was  born  in  Chanceford  town- 
ship, York  county.  Pa.,  on  the  25th  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1849.  His  father  was  Thomas  R. 
.Stewart,  and  his  mother  a  Miss  Bay,  a 
daughter  of  Thomas  Bay,  of  Cooptown, 
Harford  county,  Md.,  who  for  many  years 
was  Judge  of  the  Orphan's  Court  of  Har- 
ford county,  and  who  commanded  an  Ar- 
tillery Company  at  the  battle  of  North 
Point.  He  is  full  Scotch-Irish  on  both 
sides,  his  great  grandfather  on  his  father's 
side  having  been  an  Irishman,  and 
his  great-grandmother  on  the  same  side  a 
Scotchwoman,  married  before  they  came  to 
this  country.  On  his"  mother's  side  his 
grandfather  was  of  Scotch  descent,  and  his 
grandmother  of  Irish  descent. 

He  attended  the  public  schools  until  sev- 
enteen years  of  age  and  then  learned  the 
blacksmith  trade.  Very  shortly  after  fin- 
ishing his  trade  his  health  failed,  and  upon 
the  advice  of  his  physician  he  abandoned  it 
and  devoted  himself  to  study.  He  attended 
school  at  the  Pleasant  Grove  Academy  in 
Lower  Chanceford,  and  later  at  the  historic 
old  York  County  Academy  in  the  city  of 
York.  He  taught  in  the  public  schools  two 
years,  and  afterwards  in  the  York  County 
Academy,  the  same  in  which  Thaddeus 
Stevens  once  taught.  After  leaving  this  in- 
stitution Judge  Stewart  studied  law  with 
Col.  Levi  Maish.  who  was  afterwards  a 
member  of  Congress  from  the  York-Adams 
and  Cumberland  district,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  on  November  3,  1873.  -^  V^^r 
later  he  formed  a  partnership  with  John 
Blackford,  then  district  attorney  of  the 
county,  and  a  leading  lawyer  of  the  York 
bar,  which  continued  until  Mr.  Blackford's 
death  in  1884.  On  October  i,  1884,  he 
formed  another  law  partnership  with  Henry 
C.  Niles  and  George  E.  Neff,  which  contin- 


ued until  the  election  of  Mr.  Stewart  to  the 
judgeship  in   1895. 

In  the  meantime,  from  1883  to  April  i, 
1894,  Judge  Stewart  had  been  engaged  in 
the  foundry,  machine  and  tanning  business 
as  a  partner  of  the  firm  of  Baugher,  Kurtz 
&  Stewart,  composed  of  William  H.  Kurtz, 
a  local  capitalist,  and  himself.  Mr.  Kurtz 
had  no  practical  knowledge  of  the  business, 
and  Mr.  Stewart,  at  the  time  of  entering 
upon  it,  still  less,  but  he  soon  mastered  its 
details,  and  it  became  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  prosperous  industries  of  the  city,  em- 
ploying over  three  hundred  workmen.  An- 
other industry  with  which  he  was  connected 
was  the  York  Card  and  Paper  Company, 
manufacturers  of  wall  paper.  This  he  took 
hold  of  when  torn  by  dissensions  among  its 
officers,  became  its  president,  and  has  made 
it  the  largest  plant  of  its  kind  in  the  world. 

Judge  Stewart  early  took  a  leading  posi- 
tion at  the  bar,  and  easily  maintained  it.  He 
and  the  members  of  his  firm  appeared  on 
one  side  or  the  other  of  nearly  every  im- 
portant case,  and  with  such  uniform  suc- 
cess that  it  became  a  subject  of  comment. 

In  T895  he  received,  unsolicited,  the 
unanimous  nomination  of  his  party  for  the 
judgeship,  and,  although  declining  to  make 
any  personal  effort  to  secure  his  election, 
was  elected  by  a  large  majority  over  his 
competitor,  who  was  just  completing  a  ten 
years'  term  on  the  bench. 

Judge  Stewart  received  a  good  English, 
classical  and  scientific  education,  and  has 
always  been  a  close  student,  particularly  in 
the  realm  of  abstruse  thought  and  specula- 
tive philosophy,  and  has  received  the  hon- 
orary degree  of  A.  M.  from  Ursinus  Col- 
lege. He  has  always  taken  great  interest 
in  economics  and  financial  questions,  and 
at  the  time  of  his  election  was  president  of 
the  Security  Title  and  Trust  Company, 
which  he  was  largely  instrumental  in  or- 
ganizing, and   which   is   now   one    of    the 


256 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


leading  financial  institutions  of  the  city. 

At  the  time  of  his  election  to  the  judge- 
ship, and  many  years  before,  he  was  largely 
interested  in  many  corporations,  in  nearly 
all  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  chief  pro- 
motors.  All  of  these  have  been  prosperous. 
The  stock  and  only  argument  used  against 
his  election  was  that  he  was  a  corporation 
lawyer,  but  his  corporations  had  been  so 
generally  successful  that  they  secured  him 
friends,  rather  than  the  contrary. 

Judge  Stewart  is  married  to  a  daughter 
of  the  late  Edward  Danner,  who  was  one 
of  York's  most  respected  and  wealthy  citi- 
zens. His  wife  and  one  daughter  consti- 
tute his  family,  with  whom  he  lives  in  their 
handsome  home  on  Market  street  in  the 
city  of  York. 

Judge  Stewart  was  raised  a  strict  Pres- 
b3'terian,  but  is  now  a  member  and  elder  of 
Heidelberg  Reformed  Church.  Although 
coming  to  York  in  1871  without  a  dollar, 
he  is  a  man  of  independent  fortune,  the 
fruits  of  his  own  industry  and  economy.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Reform  Club,  of  New 
York,  and  the  American  Academy  of  Po- 
litical and  Social  Science  of  Philadelphia. 

MAJOR  JOSEPH  ADDISON 
MOORE,  of  Camp  Hill,  Cumber- 
land county,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  descendant 
of  Robert  and  Margaret  Aloore,  who  emi- 
grated from  Derry  County,  Ireland,  early 
in  the  eighteenth  century,  or  about  1720,  to 
the  State  of  Maryland,  then  under  a  pro- 
visional government.  Robert  was  inter- 
marriet  with  Margaret  Ramsey  before  emi- 
grating, and  of  their  issue,  James,  married 
Jane  Caughran  and  settled  at  a  place  now 
known  as  Bendersville,  Adams  county, 
Penna.  In  the  struggle  for  Independence 
he  joined  the  patriot  cause  and  gave  his  life 
for  his  country  in  the  battle  of  Brandy  wine, 
September  11.  1777.  John,  grandfather  of 
our  subject,  was  born  in  1764,  was  also  a 


Revolutionary  soldier  near  its  close,  and 
intermarried  with  Rebecca  Curran,  late  of 
Mifflin,  now  Juniata  county,  Pennsylvania, 
and  there  settled  in  the  vicinity  of  Van  Wert 
postoffice.  He  died  in  1856,  ninety-two 
years  old.  James  Moore,  his  oldest  son,  in- 
termarried with  Harriet  Barton,  daughter 
of  Kimber  A.  and  Mary  Barton,  of  Shirleys- 
burg,  Huntingdon  County,  Pennsylvania. 
The  latter  was  of  English  descent.  Dr. 
James  Moore  was  born  December  14,  1789, 
in  the  territory  now  known  as  Juniata 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  the  father  of 
our  present  subject.  In  181 3  he  began  the 
practice  of  medicine  in  Shirleysburg,  Hun- 
tingdon county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
continued  over  thirty  years  at  his  profes- 
sion, having  a  large  practice  and  acquir- 
ing the  reputation  of  a  very  skilfull  and  suc- 
cessful physician.  In  1841  he  removed  to 
Wells  Valley,  Fulton  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  continued  to  practice  his  profes- 
sion until  within  eight  years  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  March  27,  1872.  His  wife 
died  in  September,  1864,  while  all  of  her 
sons  were  in  the  Union  army. 

Joseph  Addison  Moore,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch,  was  born  in  Shirleysburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania, August  26,  1833,  and  was  one  of 
eight  sons  who  were  all  in  the  Union  army 
at  one  time,  he  and  his  brother,  James  M., 
being  both  seriously  wounded.  Their  rec- 
ord is  not  surpassed  by  that  of  any  other 
family  in  this  country,  and  is  one  of  which 
they  and  their  children  may  feel  justly 
proud.  This  remarkable  family  was  rep- 
sented  in  nearly  all  the  great  battles  of  the 
war.  Immediately  after  the  firing  on  Fort 
Sumpter,  our  subject  enlisted  in  Company 
D.,  Fifth  Pennsylvania  Infantry  for  three 
months,  and  was  made  first  sergeant.  At 
the  expiration  of  his  term  he  was  instru- 
mental in  raising  Company  O,  28th  Penn- 
sylvania Infantry,  and  August  17,  1861, 
was  mustered  in  and  took  the  field  again  as 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


257 


first  lieutenant  under  Colonel  (afterward 
General  and  Governor)  John  W.  Geary, 
under  whom  he  served  all  through  the  war, 
at  one  time  on  his  staff  as  division  com- 
missary of  subsistance  for  seven  months. 
He  participated,  besides  numerous  smaller 
engagements,  in  the  battles  of  Cedar  Moun- 
tain, and  second  Bull  Run,  and  at  Antietam, 
&c.  While  first  lieutenant  in  command  of  his 
company,  two  Rebel  flags  were  captured 
by  his  company.  Here  his  company  had  one 
third  killed  and  wounded  in  action.  Four 
color  bearers  belonging  to  the  color  guard, 
his  being  the  center  company,  were  shot 
while  bearing  the  flag.  His  company  was, 
after  the  Antietam  battle,  transferred,  and 
became  company  B.,  147th  Pennsylvania 
Infantry,  and  in  February,  1863,  he  was 
commissioned  captain,  commanding  at 
Chancellorsville,  and  Gettysburg,  in  the 
East ; and  Lookout  Mountain,  Chattanooga, 
Taylor's  Ridge,  Cassville,  Rocky  Face 
Ridge,  Dug  Gap,  Resacca  and  New  Hope 
church,  Georgia,  in  the  southwest.  He  was 
severely  wounded  at  New  Hope  churcTi,and 
in  consequence,  was  incapacitated  for 
further  active  service,  and  was  consequently 
transferred  to  the  Barracks  at  Madison, Wis- 
consin, on  light  duty  until  the  end  of  his 
term  of  service,  October  28,  1864,  when  he 
was  honorably  discharged.  He  was  later 
Brevetted  Major  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
service.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  resum- 
ed mercantile  pursuits  at  Pittsburg,  Penn- 
sylvania, but  in  November,  1867,  was  called 
by  his  old  commander,  then  Governor  of 
the  State,  to  take  charge  of  the  White  Hall 
Soldiers  Orphan  School  at  Camp  Hill, 
Pennsylvania,  which,  under  his  manage- 
ment, became  the  leading  school  of  that 
system  in  the  State,  reflecting  great  credit 
on  his  ability  as  manager  and  proprietor. 
He  continued  in  charge  of  the  school  until 
September  ist,  1886,  when,  having  leased 
the  same,  he  retired  from  the  responsible 


position,  which  he  had  so  long  and  faith- 
fully filled.  In  1869  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Lizzie  C,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth 
Longsdorf  Kline,  of  Mechanicsburg,  Penn- 
sylvania. He  has  but  one  child  living,  Joy 
Leslie  Moore,  born  January  6,  1877,  who  is 
now  a  Sophomore  in  the  class  of  1900  at 
Yale  University. 

Major  Moore  enjoys  the  unbounded  re- 
spect of  every  one  who  knows  him,  and  in 
his  large  acquaintance  throughout  his  na- 
tive State  no  man  stands  higher  in  char- 
acter or  is  more  deservedly  respected.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  and  a 
stanch  Republican.  He  also  holds  mem- 
bership in  a  number  of  fraternal  organiza- 
tions, being  a  member  of  Post  58,  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic,  riarrisburg.  Pa., 
since  1868;  a  member  of  the  Military  Order 
of  the  Loyal  Legion;  a  member  of  Robert 
Burns  Lodge,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons, 
of  Harrisburg;  Samuel  C.  Perkin's  Chapter, 
Royal  Arch  Masons,  Mechanicsburg;  Har- 
risburg Council,  No.  7,  Royal  and  Select 
Masters,  and  of  Pilgrim  Commandery,  No. 
II,  Knights  Templar,  of  Harrisburg.  He 
received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  from 
the  Lewisburg  (Bucknell)  University.  Of 
late  years  he  has  been  successfully  engaged 
in  buying  and  selling  real  estate,  and  has 
taken  a  live  interest  in  the  progress  and  de- 
velopment of  the  beautiful  borough  of 
Camp  Hill,  in  which  he  has  resided  for  the 
past  thirty  years;  having  held  various  offices 
since  its  incorporation  in  1885.  He  was  one 
of  the  prime  movers  in  the  erection  of  the 
People's  Iron  Bridge  across  the  Susque- 
hanna river  at  Harrisburg,  and  has  been 
one  of  that  com.pany's  directors  since  its  in- 
ception and  completion.  He  has  taken  a 
lively  interest  in  the  progress  of  building 
the  Flarrisburg  and  Mechanicsburg  Electric 
road,  which  now  indicates  an  early  comple- 
tion through  the  lower  end  of  Cum,berland 


258 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


county,    connecting    with    Mechanicsburg 
and  Carlisle. 

DR.  J.  H.  BITTINGER,  a  physician 
and  surgeon,  bank  president  and 
one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Hanover, 
Pennsylvania,  was  born  in  Berwick  town- 
ship, Adams  county,  a  few  miles  from  his 
present  place  of  residence,  Feb.  3,  1852,  the 
son  of  Henry  and  Amanda  Bittinger.  The 
Bittingers  are  of  German  origin  and  their 
connection  with  this  section  of  Pennsyl- 
vania is  early  and  prominent.  Adam  Bit- 
tinger, the  doctor's  first  paternal  ancestor 
in  this  country,  emigrated  from  Alsace,  Ger- 
many, in  1736,  and  soon  after  settled  in 
the  rich  agricultural  section  a  few  miles 
from  the  present  town  of  Hanover.  The 
land  upon  which  he  located  has  remained  in 
possession  of  succeeding  generations  ever 
since. 

Nicholas  Bittinger,  the  son  of  Adam  Bit- 
tinger, and  great-grandfather  of  the  doctor, 
was  an  ardent  patriot  in  the  Revolutionary 
war,  was  one  of  the  first  members  of  the 
committee  of  safety  from  York  cotmty  and 
for  three  years  commanded  a  company  of 
soldiers  in  active  service.  In  addition  to 
this  distinguished  patriot  and  ancestor, 
other  members  of  the  family  took  part  in 
the  struggle  for  American  independence. 

Dr.  Bittinger's  father,  Henry  Bittinger, 
was  a  prosperous  farmer  in  Berwick  town- 
ship, Adams  covmty,  while  other  members 
of  the  family,  uncles  of  our  subject,  have 
been  professionally  identified  with  the  Pres- 
byterian church  and  have  won  distinction 
as  able  pulpit  orators  and  theologians.' 
Henry  Bittinger  married  Amanda,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Solomon  and  Barbara  Allewelt  by 
whom  he  had  four  children:  Ruhamah  E. 
John  R.,  present  member  of  State  Legisla- 
ture, Joseph  H.  and  Mary  A. 

In  politics  he  was  a  Republican  and  in 
religion  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church. 


Dr.  Bittinger  secured  his  preliminary  ed- 
ucation in  the  public  schools  and  completed 
it  with  a  course  in  Pennsylvania  College  at 
Gettysburg.  He  then  taught  school  in  Illi- 
nois and  Pennsylvania  for  five  years. 
For  some  time  during  his  residence  in 
Illinois  he  was  associated  with  his  uncles 
in  the  foreign  and  domestic  fruit  business 
in  Chicago  and  was  located  in  that 
city  at  the  time  of  the  memorable  fire  which 
nearly  destroyed  it  in  1871.  After  that  he 
returned  to  his  native  State  and  began  the 
study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  A.  J.  Snively,  at 
that  time  a  leading  physician  of  Hanover. 
After  reading  for  some  time  under  this  pre- 
ceptor he  entered  Jefferson  Medical  College 
of  Philadelphia  and  pursued  a  course  of 
study  which  terminated  with  his  graduation 
in  1878.  The  class  of  that  year  has  become 
one  of  the  most  distinguished  ever  gradu- 
ated from  the  institution,  and  a  not  incon- 
siderable part  of  the  lustre  which  its 
achievements  have  reflected  upon  it  has 
been  contributed  by  Dr.  Bittinger.  The 
doctor  began  the  active  practice  of  medi- 
cine in  Hanover  and  two  years  after  his 
graduation  returned  to  Philadelphia  on  ac- 
count of  the  superior  advantages  which  the 
city  could  ofifer  to  an  ambitious  and  ener- 
getic practitioner.  He  continued  his  prac- 
tice in  that  city  until  1883,  when  he  returned 
to  Hanover,  resumed  his  old  practice  and 
has  since  resided  there.  He  is  one  of  the 
most  skillful  physicians  in  the  county  and  is 
one  of  the  leaders  of  his  profession  in  sur- 
gery. Since  1887,  he  has  been  physician 
and  surgeon  for  the  Pennsylvania  railroad 
at  Hanover  and  holds  a  similar  position 
with  the  Western  Maryland  Company.  Be- 
sides this  he  has  been  connected  with  the 
leading  life  insurance  companies  as  their 
local  surgeon  and  examiner.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  York  County  Medical  Society 
and  takes  an  active  part  in  its  deliberations. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Ninth  Internation- 


^,5b). 


NiN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


259 


al  Medical  Congress  which  met  in  Wash- 
ington in  1891  and  is  one  of  the  censors  of 
the  Medico-Chirurgical  college  of  Philadel- 
phia. He  is  one  of  the  Vice  Presidents  of 
the  State  Medical  Society  of  Pennsylvania 
and  has  been  a  member  of  the  American 
Medical  Association  since  1881.  He  has  al- 
ways been  an  active  citizen  and  greatly  in- 
terested in  local  afifairs.  In  1893  he  was  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  People's  bank  at 
Hanover,  an  institution  which,  though  its 
existence  has  been  recent,  has  had  a  very 
successful  career.  In  1887  he  assisted  in 
organizing  the  Hanover  and  Littlestown 
Turnpike  Company  and  has  been  its  treas- 
urer since  1889.  He  is  a  Republican  in  po- 
litics and  for  three  years  served  as  school 
director.  He  is  also  a  director  in  the  Penn 
Flouring  Company,  of  Hanover,  and  Vice 
President  of  the  Consumers  Water  Com- 
pany, which  he  and  others  organized  in 
1896.  Fraternally  he  is  a  member  of  these 
orders:  of  Patmos  Lodge,  No.  348,  Free 
and  Accepted  Masons;  Good  Samaritan 
Chapter,  No.  266,  Royal  Arch  Masons; 
York  Commandery,  No.  21,  Knights  Temp- 
lar; Hanover  Lodge,  No.  327,  Independent 
Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  of  Washington 
Council,  No.  328,  Patriotic  Order  Sons  of 
America.  With  his  extensive  professional 
knowledge  and  his  deep  interest  in  public 
affairs.  Dr.  Bittinger  combines  a  charming 
and  intelligent  personality  that  has  made 
him  many  friends  in  and  out  of  the  profes- 
sion. He  stands  today  in  the  sight  of  every 
fellow  townsmen,  a  type  of  the  progressive, 
intelligent,  and  popular  citizen. 

In  1882  he  married  Clara  E.,  a  daughter 
of  Michael  and  Eliza  Bucher,  and  a  lady  of 
culture  and  rare  accomplishments.  Mrs. 
Bittinger  is  a  member  of  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  prominent  families  of  Hanover. 
Their  union  has  resulted  in  the  birth  of  six 
children,  four  of  whom  are  dead:  Lyda  M., 


Bryant  Henry,  Bertha  and  Clara.     Those 
living  are  Ralph  Emerson  and  Mary  A. 

JOHN  WISE  WETZEL,  ESQ.,  a  prom- 
nent  lawyer  and  president  of  the  Mer- 
chants' National  Bank,  of  Carlisle, 
was  born  April  20,  1850,  at  Carlisle,  Cum- 
berland county,  Pennsylvania,  and  is  a  son 
of  George  and  Sarah  E.  (Shade)  Wetzel. 
The  Wetzel  and  Shade  families  are  of  Ger- 
man descent  and  George  Wetzel  was  born 
and  reared  in  Carlisle,  where  he  has  re- 
sided ever  since.  He  was  born  December 
25th,  1826,  attended  the  schools  of  his  boy- 
hood days  and  engaged  in  wagon  manufac- 
turing which  he  followed  until  a  few  years 
ago.  He  has  always  taken  an  active  part 
in  political  affairs,  is  a  strong  Democrat, 
and  served  as  treasurer  of  Cumberland 
county  in  1869  and  1870.  He  married 
Sarah  E.  Shade,  a  daughter  of  John  Shade, 
and  who  died  September  6th,  1891,  aged  62 
years.  To  their  union  were  born  ten  chil- 
dren: John  W.,  Charles  H.,  Catharine,  who 
died  in  infancy;  Sallie,  married  Niles  M. 
Fissel  and  died  in  1881 ;  Rebecca,  wife  of 
Harry  Newsham;  Mary,  wife  of  Frank 
Kimmel;  Annie,  wife  of  H.  G.  Rinehart; 
George  B.  McClellan,  Ida,  wife  of  William 
H.  Goodyear,  and  William,  who  died  in  in- 
fancy. 

John  Wise  Wetzel  was  reared  at  Car- 
lisle, attended  the  common  schools,  pre- 
pared for  college  in  Professor  Sterrett's 
Academy  and  entered  Dickinson  College, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  the  class  of 
1874.  While  attending  college  he  read 
law  with  the  late  C.  E.  Maglaughhn,  Esq., 
from  1872  to  1874,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Cumberland  county  in  April, 
1874,  about  two  months  before  he  was 
graduated  from  college.  Upon  admission 
to  the  bar  he  opened  an  office  at  Carlisle, 
where  he  has  practiced  his  chosen  profes- 
sion most  successfully  ever  since.       He  is 


260 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


a  strong  and  influential  Democrat,  and  has 
always  taken  an  intelligent  and  active  in- 
terest in  political  affairs.  In  1876  he  was 
elected  to  represent  his  county  in  the  Dem- 
ocratic State  Convention  at  Lancaster,  six 
years  later,  in  1882,  was  made  chairman 
of  the  Democratic  county  executive  com- 
mittee, and  in  i8go  again  represented  the 
county  in  the  State  Conventoin  of  his  party, 
which  was  held  that  )'ear  in  Scranton.  In 
1880  he  was  elected  district  attorney  of 
Cumberland  county  and  served  in  that  ca- 
pacity from  1881  to  1883,  succeeding  Geo. 
S.  Emig  and  preceding  John  T.  Stuart  in 
that  office.  Mr.  Wetzel  is  interested  in 
educational  and  business  affairs,  as  well  as 
political  m.atters,  yet  never  neglects  his 
labors,  by  attention  to  other  interests.  He 
is  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Dickin- 
son School  of  Law  at  Carlisle,  and  has 
been  for  ten  years  a  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  Franklin  and  Marshall  Col- 
lege, at  Lancaster  city.  He  has  been  ac- 
tive for  some  years  in  the  business  afifairs 
of  Carlisle,  being  a  director  of  the  Carlisle 
Electric  Light  and  Gas  companies,  and  of 
the  Beetem  Lumber  and  Manufacturing 
company,  besides  acting  as  president  of  the 
Cottage  Club  and  director  of  the  Big 
Spring  Turnpike  Company. 

On  September  3rd,  1872,  Mr.  Wetzel 
married  Lizzie  Wolf,  youngest  daughter  of 
John  and  Elizabeth  Wolf.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Wetzel  have  one  child,  a  son,  named  George 
Frank,  who  is  a  graduate  of  Franklin  and 
Marshall  College. 

Mr.  Wetzel's  legal  business  is  now 
largely  in  the  line  of  corporation  work,  rep- 
resenting some  of  the  largest  corporations 
in  the  county.  He  is  attorney  for  the 
Standard  Oil  Company,  Philadelphia  and 
Reading  Railway  Co.,  and  the  Philadel- 
phia, Harriburg  and  Pittsburg  and  the  Get- 
tysburg and  Harrisburg  railway  companies. 
He  stands  deservedly  high  in  his  profession 


and  is  now  secretary  of  the  committee  on 
adm.issions  of  the  State  Bar  Association  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  is  practically  a  self- 
made  man,  liberal  and  progressive  in  all 
things,  and  has  been  an  active  factor  in  the 
social  and  material  development  of  his  bor- 
ough. 

He  is  a  director  and  president  of  the 
Merchants  National  Bank,  of  Carlisle,  be- 
coming associated  with  that  financial  insti- 
tution in  1890,  and  was  made  its  chief  ex- 
ecutive officer  in  1893.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Bankers  Associ- 
ation, and  together  with  Mrs.  Wetzel  is  a 
member  of  the  First  Reformed  chuich,  in 
which  he  has  been  a  deacon  for  over  ten 
years.  Fraternally,  he  is  a  member  of 
Lodge  No.  56,  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  a 
member  and  past  master  of  Cumberland 
Star  Lodge  No.  197,  Free  and  Accepted  ^ 
Masons  of  Carlisle. 

REV.  CFIARLES  JAMES  WOOD, 
rector  of  St.  John's  Protestant  Epis- 
copal church,  of  York,  Pennsylvania,  is  a 
son  of  Charles  L.  and  Marian  (Davis) 
Wood,  and  was  born  in  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
July  4,  1854.  He  is  descended  from  an  old 
and  distinguished  line  of  English  ancestors, 
and  the  American  branch  of  the  family  has 
been  resident  in  the  United  States  for  a 
number  of  generations.  His  great-grand- 
father was  an  officer  in  the  Colonial  army 
during  the  War  for  Independence  and  his 
grandfather  was  a  merchant  and  manufac- 
turer in  the  State  of  Connecticut.  Charles 
L.  Wood,  his  father,  was  a  native  of  Essex 
county.  New  York,  a  merchant  and  manu- 
facturer by  occupation  and  closely  wedded 
to  his  business  interests.  He  was  a  Re- 
publican in  politics,  but  held  himself  en- 
tirely aloof  from  partisan  affi.liations.  Relig- 
iously, he  held  membership  in  the  Protest- 
ant Episcopal  church,  and  fraternally,  was 
connected  with  the  Masonic  Order. 


NlIfETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


261 


Charles  James  Wood  was  fitted  for  col- 
lege at  the  Cleveland  High  school  and  un- 
der the  tuition  of  Rev.  Frederick  Brooks, 
brother  of  the  late  Bishop  Phillips  Brooks 
of  Trinity  church,  Boston.  He  subsequent- 
ly entered  Harvard  University  and  was 
graduated  in  the  class  of  1875.  Soon  after 
graduation  he  entered  the  General  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  in  New  York  city,  where 
he  remained  three  years.  After  ordination 
to  the  ministry  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church  he  accepted  a  call  from  the  Church 
of  the  Good  Shepherd,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
where  he  remained  until  1879,  when  he  be- 
came rector  of  Trinity  church,  Michigan 
city,  Indiana.  Subsequently  he  filled  pastor- 
ates in  New  Jersey,  Philadelphia  and  Lock 
Haven,  Pennsylvania,  in  which  latter  place 
he  remained  until  1894,  when  he  accepted 
the  rectorship  of  St.  John's  church,  York, 
Pennsylvania,  with  which  he  has  been 
identified  down  to  the  present  time. 

Rev.  Mr.  Wood  is  a  member  of  the  Insti- 
tute of  Christian  Sociology,  member  of  the 
American  Oriental  Society,  member  of  Vic- 
toria Institute,  of  the  Folk  Lore  Society, 
of  the  American  Archaeological  Society,  of 
the  Brotherhood  of  the  Kingdom,  the  Sal- 
magundi club,  of  New  York,  of  the 
Knights  of  the  Golden  Eagle,  and  of  the 
Alasonic  Fraternity,  with  which  learned, 
social  and  fraternal  organizations  he  has 
been  conspicuously  identified  for  a  number 
of  years.  He  is  also  honorary  local  secre- 
tary of  the  Egyptian  Exploration  Fund 
and  performed  services  of  a  high  order  in 
connection  with  that  society.  Aside  from 
his  pastoral  work  Mr.  Wood  has  variously 
indulged  himself  along  literary  lines  in 
the  fields  of  anthropology,  crimino- 
logy, comparative  religion  and  general 
criticism,  in  all  of  which  he  has 
written  with  learning,  discrimination  and 
authority.  His  well  recognized  at- 
tainments,  his   strong    personality,    moral 


force  and  literary  versatility  have  made  him 
a  man  of  unusual  force  in  the  community 
in  which  he  resides.  During  his  connection 
with  St.  Paul's  Protestant  Episcopal  church 
at  Lock  Haven  he  was  made  Archdeacon 
of  the  Diocese  of  Central  Pennsylvania  and 
has  also  served  in  other  official  positions  in 
the  higher  assemblies  of  the  church. 

REV.  MILTON  VALENTINE,  D.  D., 
LL.  D.,  Professor  of  Systematic 
Theology  and  chairman  of  the  faculty  in 
the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  General 
Synod  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church 
at  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  was  born  at  Uniontown, 
Carroll  county,  Maryland,  January  i,  1825. 
His  parents  were  Jacob  and  Rebecca  (Pick- 
ing) Valentine,  the  former  a  native  of  Mary- 
land and  the  latter  of  Pennsylvania.  The 
family  is  descended  from  George  Valen- 
tine, who  emigrated  from  Germany  in  the 
early  part  of  the  i8th  century  and  in  1740 
located  on  the  Monocacy  River  in  Freder- 
ick county,  Maryland,  where  he  was  en- 
gaged in  agricultural  pursuits  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  is  1783.  The  land  on 
which  he  lived  is  still  in  possession  of  the 
Valentine  family.  This  George  Valentine, 
who  was  the  great-grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  an  earnest  Christian  and  a  de- 
vout member  of  the  Lutheran  church. 

Jacob  Valentine,  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, had  a  family  of  nine  children,  all  of 
whom  were  reared  on  the  farm  in  Mary- 
land. 

Dr.  Valentine  was  next  to  the  youngest. 
He  was  confirmed  as  a  member  of  Trinity 
Lutheran  church  in  Tanej'town,  Md.,  in 
1843.  He  prepared  for  college  in  the  aca- 
demy at  Taneytown,  and  in  1846  entered 
the  Freshman  class  in  Pennsylvania  Col- 
lege at  Gettysburg,  and  in  1850  was  gradu- 
ated from  that  institution.  After  a  course 
of  two  years  in  the  Theological  Seminary, 
of  which  he  is  now  the  honored  head,  dur- 


262 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


ing  which  time  he  tutored  in  the  college, 
he  graduated  and  was  licensed  to  preach. 
At  first  he  temporarily  supplied  the  pulpit  of 
the  Lutheran  church  in  Winchester,  Vir- 
ginia, and  during  the  winter  of  1853-1854 
was  engaged  in  missionary  work  in  Alle- 
gheny city,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  pastor 
of  the  Lutheran  church  at  Greensburg, 
Westmoreland  county,  this  State,  in  1854- 
55.  Owing  to  a  throat  trouble  he  retired 
from  the  ministerial  work  in  1855,  and  from 
that  time  until  1859  was  principal  of  Emaus 
Institute,  Middletown,  Pennsylvania.  From 
1859  to  1866,  having  returned  to  active 
ministerial  work  again,  he  served  as  pastor 
of  St.  Matthew's  church,  in  Reading,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  from  1866  to  1868  was  profes- 
sor of  Ecclesiastical  History  and  Church  Po- 
lity in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Gettys- 
burg. In  1868  he  was  called  to  the  Presi- 
dency of  Pennsylvania  College  and  continu- 
ed in  that  position  for  sixteen  years,  during 
a  portion  of  which  time,  from  1868  to  1873, 
he  also  gave  instruction  in  the  Seminary.  In 
1884  he  was  elected  to  his  present  position 
in  the  Seminary.  Dr.  Valentine  is  a  man 
of  recognized  ability  and  has  contributed 
numerous  sermons,  essays  and  pamphlet 
discussions  to  the  theological  literature  of 
his  church.  He  is  also  the  author  of  "Nat- 
ural Theology  or  Rational  Theism"  which 
was  published  in  1885  by  S.  C.  Griggs  & 
Company,  of  Chicago,  and  has  since  been 
introduced  into  many  colleges  as  a  text 
book,  receiving  from  eminent  educators 
throughout  the  country  unqualified  endorse- 
ment. He  is  also  the  author  of  a  work  on 
"Theoretical  Ethics,"  recently  published  by 
Scott,  Foresman  &  Co.,  of  Chicago,  which 
has  been  received  with  great  favor  and  is 
being  rapidly  adopted  as  a  manual  of  in- 
struction on  that  subject  in  colleges  and 
universities. 

In  personal  appearance  Dr.  Valentine  is 
venerable,  with  the  air  of  a  scholar,  and  im- 


presses one  as  a  possessor  of  unusual  intel- 
ligence and  moral  force.  He  is  dignified 
yet  kindly  in  his  manner,  and  no  man  pro- 
bably is  wider  known,  or  more  highly  es- 
teemed in  the  Lutheran  church. 

December  18,  1855,  he  married  Mar- 
garet G.,  daughter  of  Sterling  and  Mar- 
garet (Grayson)  Gait,  of  Carroll  county, 
Maryland,  who  is  of  Scotch-Irish  descent. 
They  have  four  children:  Sterling  Gait, 
A.  M.,  Ph.  D.,  engaged  in  the  iron  business, 
Lebanon;  Rev.  Milton  Henry,  pastor  of 
Messiah  Lutheran  church,  Philadelphia; 
Esther  Amelia,  married  to  Rev.  E.  Grim 
Miller,  of  Easton,  Pa.,  and  Margaret  Gray- 
son, married  to  Mr.  Henry  W.  Siegrist,  of 
Lebanon,  Pa. 

NEVIN  M.  WANNER,  ESQ.,  of 
York,  Pennsylvania,  member  of  the 
Bar  and  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of 
Southern  Pennsylvania,  is  a  native  of  Ohio, 
born  at  Washingtonville,  May  14th,  1850. 
His  proxiinate  ancestors  were  Pennsyl- 
vania Germans,  whose  lives  and  fortunes 
have  been  identified  with  the  various  in- 
terests of  the  Keystone  State  for  a  number 
of  generations. 

The  paternal  grandfather  of  Mr.  Wan- 
ner was  born  at  "The  Trappe,"  Montgom- 
erly  county,  Pennsylvania,  was  a  farmer  by 
occupation,  and  a  man  of  influence  in  his 
community.  Here  also  was  born  his  son, 
Rev.  Aaron  Wanner,  father  of  Nevin  M. 
The  former  was  a  well  known  minister  of 
the  Reformed  church,  and  passed  a  full 
half  century  in  fruitful  ministerial  and  ex- 
ecutive service  in  connection  with  that  re- 
ligious body.  After  a  course  in  Marshall 
College,  and  the  Theological  Seminary  at 
Mercersburg  he  was  licensed  to  preach  by 
the  Synod  of  Winchester,  Virginia,  in  the 
year  1843,  and  subsequently  filled  a  num- 
ber of  pastorates  in  the  States  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, Ohio  and  Maryland.    In  recognition 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


263 


of  his  well  known  attainments  and  vener- 
able years  of  service  in  the  cause  of  the 
Christian  ministry,  he  received  from  Ur- 
sinus  College,  Collegeville,  Pennsylvania, 
in  the  year  1879,  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity.  On  September  23rd,  1844,  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Wanner  was  joined  in  marriage 
with  Rebecca  Miller,  a  daughter  of  Solo- 
mon Miller,  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  of 
Franklin  county,  near  Chambersburg,Penn- 
sylvania,  which  union  resulted  in  an  issue 
of  ten  children,  six  of  whom  grew  to  years 
of  maturity.  His  decease  occurred  in  York 
Pennsylvania,  June  23rd,  1894,  when  in  his 
seventy-sixth  year. 

Nevin  M.  Wanner,  after  the  usual  pre- 
paration, entered  Heidelberg  College  at  Tif- 
fin, Ohio,  in  1866,  where  he  remained  for  a 
period  of  two  years.  Immediately  follow- 
ing this  he  matriculated  at  Franklin  and 
Marshall  College,  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania, 
from  which  latter  institution  he  graduated 
with  class  honors  in  1870.  In  the  latter  part 
of  the  same  year  he  entered  the  law  de- 
partment of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  devoted  the  two  succeeding 
years  to  the  study  of  law  and  juris- 
prudence. Simultaneous  with  his  uni- 
versity course,  he  was  registered  as  a  stu- 
dent in  the  office  of  General  B.  F.  Fisher, 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  Erastus  H. 
Weiser,  Esq.,  of  York,  Pa.,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Bar  of  York  county,  August 
28th,  1872.  Since  this  time  he  has  been  in 
continuous  and  active  practice,  and  rapidly 
rose  to  a  commanding  position  in  his  pro- 
fession. In  the  year  1876  he  was  admitted 
to  practice  in  the  supreme  court  of  the 
State. 

Mr.  Wanner  has  met  with  signal  success 
both  as  a  lawyer  and  an  advocate.  He  is 
distinctively  a  case  winner,  in  both  the 
lower  and  the  Supreme  Courts.  In  point  of 
legal  erudition,  adroitness  and  forensic 
ability,  he  easily  ranks  with  the  limited  few 


at  the  head  of  his  profession.  One  of  the 
important  contributory  forces  which  has 
been  potent  in  giving  him  the  place  he  so 
well  deserved,  is  his  strict  fidelity  or,  pro- 
bably better,  consecration  to  his  chosen  vo- 
cation. He  has  steadily  and  persistently  re- 
fused all  such  business,  political,  and  other 
alliances  as  would  have  a  tendency  to  di- 
vert his  energies  and  ambition  from  the 
law,  and  the  result  has  been  highly  gratify- 
ing both  to  himself  and  his  profession. 
Mental  alertness,  quick  perception,  ample 
knowledge  of  human  nature,  a  thorough 
acquaintance  with  legal  procedure  in  all  its 
forms,  and  a  fearless  fidelity  to  the  cause 
of  his  clients, — all  these  combine  to  give 
Mr.  Wanner  unusual  prestige  and  force  as 
a  lawyer. 

In  politics  Air.  Wanner  has  always  been 
an  adherent  of  the  Democratic  party  but 
his  engrossing  legal  work  has  latterly  taken 
him  out  of  practical  politics. 

He  held  the  ofifice  of  District  Attorney 
of  York  county  from  January  i,  1887,  to 
January  i,  1890.  He  has  been  urged  by 
many  of  his  friends  as  being  peculiarly 
fitted  for  judicial  honors,  but  up  to  the 
present,  has  declined  them,  preferring  to  re- 
main in  the  professional  ranks.  Religiously 
he  was  originally  a  member  of  the  German 
Reformed  church,  but  in  later  years  has 
been  an  attendant  at  St.  John's  Episcopal 
church  of  York,  Pennsylvania. 

On  November  ist,  1882,  Mr.  Wanner 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Amelia  D. 
Croll,  a  daughter  of  John  R.  Croll,  de- 
ceased, of  York,  Pa.,  and  a  descendant  of 
one  of  the  oldest  families  of  local  promi- 
nence in  the  county  since  the  days  of  the 
Revolution,  in  which  some  of  her  ancestors 
figured  prominently. 

VINCENT  G.  STUBBS,  President  of 
the  First  National  Bank,  of  Delta, 
York  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  one  of  the 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


best  and  most  favorably  known  business 
men  in  his  community,  is  a  son  of  Isaac 
and  Elizabeth  (Haines)  Stubbs.  He  was 
born  in  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania, 
near  the  Susquehanna  river,  February  28, 
1826.  He  is  a  descendant  of  an  old  and 
distinguished  colonial  family  that  origin- 
ally settled  in  Eastern  Pennsylvania.  His 
grandfather  was  also  named  Vincent 
Stubbs,  and  was  a  son  of  Thomas 
Stubbs,  one  of  the  original  ancestors  who 
came  from  England  and  settled  in  Chester 
county,  Pennsylvania,  near  Chad's  Ford. 
The  latter  was  a  farmer  by  occupation  and 
espoused  the  religious  faith  of  the  Quakers 
or  Friends.  Grandfather  Stubbs  was  born 
upon  the  old  homestead  in  Chester  county, 
but  most  of 'his  life  was  spent  in  Little 
Britton,  Lancaster  county,  where  he  died  in 
the  year  1820  at  an  advanced  age.  He  too 
was  a  farmer,  but  combined  with  his  agri- 
cultural pursuits  the  conduct  of  a  grist  mill. 
He  was  a  Whig  in  politics,  and  in  matters 
of  religion  adopted  the  traditional  faith  of 
his  ancestors.  His  marriage  with  Priscilla 
Cooper  resulted  in  a  family  of  the  following 
named  children:  John,  Daniel,  Vincent, 
Isaac,  Thomas,  Hannah,  Sarah  and  Ruth, 
all  deceased.  Isaac  Stubbs,  father  of  Vin- 
cent G.,  was  a  native  of  Little  Britton 
township,  Lancaster  county,  but  died  in 
Peach  Bottom  township,  York  county,  in 
1875,  having  located  in  the  latter  section 
in  1842.  He  spent  the  major  portion  of  his 
life  in  agricultural  pursuits,  and  at  the  time 
of  his  death  had  lands  equal  to  or  exceeding 
360  acres.  Besides  his  duties  as  a  farmer, 
the  elder  Stubbs  took  quite  an  active  inter- 
est in  local  public  affairs.  He  served  for  a 
number  of  terms  as  supervisor,  school  dir- 
ector, and  other  positions  of  public  trust. 
His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Reuben  Haines, 
a  native  of  Cecil  county,  Maryland,  by 
whom  he  had  the  following  children:  Vin- 
cent G.,  subject;  Albert,  a  farmer  of  Peach 


Bottom  township;  Joseph  H.,  a  practicing 
physician,  located  at  London  Grove,  Ches- 
ter county,  Pennsylvania;  Daniel,  a  farmer 
residing  in  Peach  Bottom  township;  Tho- 
mas, also  a  resident  of  Peach  Botton  town- 
ship; Henry  J.,  physician,  located  at  Wil- 
mington, Delaware;  Mary,  deceased;  Sarah 
wife  of  Jacob  Swayne,  of  Cecil  county, 
Maryland;  and  Reuben,  deceased. 

Vincent  G.  Stubbs  was  joined  in  marriage 
with  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Edward  Pier- 
son,  of  Chester  county,  Pennsylvania,  on 
April  28,  1853.  This  marriage  resulted  in 
the  birth  of  the  following  named  children: 
Edward  P.,  a  resident  of  Minnesota;  Isaac 
H.,  merchant;  J.  Howard,  lumber  and  coal 
merchant  of  Delta;  William  F.,  a  farmer  re- 
siding in  Harford  county,  Maryland; 
Hannah  M.,  intermarried  with  Calvin  Gal- 
braith,  of  Harford  county,  Maryland; 
Charles  H.,  deceased;  V.  Gilpen,  furniture 
dealer,  of  Delta. 

Vincent  G.  Stubbs  was  16  years  of  age 
when  his  parents  removed  from  Chester 
county  to  Peach  Bottom  township.  During 
his  boyhood  he  was  brought  up  on  a  farm 
and  received  the  customary  education  of 
those  days.  In  1850  he  engaged  in  mer- 
chandising in  the  village  of  Delta,  and  con- 
tinued in  that  business  over  a  period  of  46 
years.  Besides  the  mercantile  business  he 
engaged  in  slate  producing  as  a  side  issue, 
and  occasionally  in  other  enterprises  of  an 
investment  nature.  His  long  and  creditable 
business  career  makes  him  one  of  the  best 
known  and  most  highly  respected  citizens 
in  the  Southeastern  section  of  York  county. 
He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Delta,  a  carefully  con- 
ducted financial  institution,  and  in  1893, was 
made  its  President.  In  politics  he  is  a  Re- 
publican, and  was  the  first  burgess  as  well 
as  the  first  postmaster  of  the  borough  of 
Delta.  Mr.  Stubbs  has  been  pioneer  in 
point  of  disaster,  as  well  as  success,  for  a 


c/  a  a/dL 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


265 


side  from  being  the  pioneer  merchant,  he 
was  also  the  first  to  suffer  loss  through  fire. 
The  destruction  of  his  residence  by  fire  took 
place  in  1854,  but  he  soon  rebuilt  a  brick 
house,  and  thenceforth  his  business  result- 
ed in  continued  prosperity.  In  addition  to 
the  business  relations  already  noted  he  was 
first  President  of  the  Delta  Building  and 
Loan  Association,  and  also  connected  with 
a  number  of  other  and  lesser  concerns. 

Mr.  Stubbs  is  a  man  of  undoubted  pro- 
bity, careful  business  habits  and  keen  fore- 
sight. He  is  progressive  in  all  that  relates 
to  the  public  welfare  of  his  county,  and  is  a 
loyal  supporter  of  all  measures  and  methods 
for  the  intellectual  and  moral  advancement 
of  his  community. 

IC.  GABLE,  M.  D.,  one  of  the  leading 
•  and  successful  physicians  of  York, 
who  stands  deservedly  high  in  citizenship, 
as  well  as  professional  life,  is  the  son  of 
Valentine  and  Mary  (Miller)  Gable, and  was 
born  June  26,  1849,  in  Windsor  township. 

His  father  was  for  many  years  a  teacher 
in  the  public  schools  of  York  county,  and 
engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits.  Dr. 
Gable  comes  of  a  long  lineage  of  Swiss- 
German  ancestry  in  America  antedating 
Revolutionary  times.  His  grandfather 
served  under  General  Anthony  Wayne. 

He  received  his  preliminary  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  township, 
supplementing  this  with  a  literary  course 
at  the  Pennsylvania  State  Normal  school 
at  Millersville. 

In  1867  he  began  his  active  and  inde- 
pendent career  as  a  teacher  in  the  public 
schools  and  devoted  himself  to  this  voca- 
tion until  1874,  during  which  time  he  taught 
in  Pennsylvania,  Ohio  and  Indiana.  He 
began  the  study  of  medicine  under  the  pre- 
ceptorship  of  Dr.  James  W.  Kerr  and  after 
a  preliminary  course  of  reading,  entered 
the  Medical  Department  of  the  University 


of  Pennsylvania,  in  1875,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  with  honors,  March  12, 
1877.  While  attending  the  University  he 
pursued  a  special  course  of  reading  under 
the  preceptorship  of  Dr.  Charles  T.  Hunter, 
who  held  the  chair  of  clinical  surgery  and 
subsequent  to  graduation  took  a  post  grad- 
uate course  in  his  alma  mater,  devoting 
most  of  his  time  to  the  special  study  of 
general  surgery,  in  that  institution  and  in 
the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  In  1878  he 
opened  an  office  in  York  where  he  has  been 
a  practitioner  since  that  time. 

December  15,  1888,  Dr.  Gable  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Miss  Eva  A.  Fon  Der- 
smith,  of  Lancaster,  by  whom  he  has  one 
son,  Raymond  F.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Gable  are 
attendants  and  communicants  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  church  of  York,  in  whose  acti- 
vities and  welfare  they  are  always  interested. 

Soon  after  beginning  his  professional  ca- 
reer. Dr.  Gable  rapidly  advanced  to  a  com- 
manding position  in  his  profession.  He  is  a 
thorough  student  of  medical  literature,  a 
man  of  practical  skill,  ample  mental  en- 
dowment, and  withal,  of  the  highest  char- 
acter. He  is  a  member  and  ex-president 
of  the  York  County  Medical  Society,  has 
been  vice  president  and  censor  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania State  Medical  Society,  and  for  the 
last  seven  years  has  served  as  a  member  of 
the  State  Medical  Legislative  Committee 
and  is  now  serving  as  its  chairman.  During 
the  period  of  his  service  on  this  committee 
the  present  statutory  enactment,  known  as 
the  .State  Medical  Act  of  Pennsylvania  was 
passed. 

In  1894,  at  the  meeting  of  the  State  Medi- 
cal Society,  in  Philadelphia,  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  deliver  the  annual  address  on 
"Medicine,"  in  Chambersburg,  the  follow- 
ing year.  Dr.  Gable  has  contributed  other 
valuable  articles  to  the  Society  which  have 
been  widely  circulated  in  the  published  pro- 
ceedings of  that  body. 


a66 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


At  present  he  is  also  president  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  and  Judicial  Council  of 
the  State  Medical  Society  and  has  been 
prominent  in  National  as  well  as  State 
Medical  Councils.  In  1880,  at  a  meeting 
held  in  New  York  city  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Medical  Association 
and  was  made  the  chairman  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania delegation  at  the  meeting  of  that  or- 
ganization inMilwaukee,  Wisconsin, ini89i. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Pan-American 
Medical  Congress  and  was  a  member  of 
the  Auxiliary  Committee  appointed  for  the 
organization  of  that  body.  He  is  one  of 
the  censors  of  the  Medico-Chirurgical  col- 
lege of  Philadelphia,  and  is  medical  in- 
spector to  the  State  Board  of  Health  for 
York  county.  Aside  from  these  more 
strictly  official  relations,  he  is  medical  ex- 
aminer for  many  leading  life  insurance 
companies  represented  in  this  city  and  has  a 
professional  practice  in  the  various  depart- 
ments of  medicine  and  surgery  enjoyed  by 
but  few  in  this  district. 

J  ERE  CARL,  president  of  the  York 
Water  company  and  a  prominent  cap- 
italist, of  York,  has  been  variously 
identified  with  the  latter  city  for  over  a 
quarter  of  a  century  and  has  done  much  for 
its  material  development  and  prosperity. 
He  is  the  only  living  child  of  Martin  and 
Mary  (Deardorfif)  Carl,  and  was  born  in 
Franklin  township,  York  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania. July  21,  1829.  His  father,  Martin 
Carl,  was  reared  and  educated  in  his  native 
county, where  also  for  a  number  of  years  he 
was  engaged  in  mercantile  and  other  pur- 
suits. He  was  a  Democratic  in  politics  and 
usually  took  an  active  part  in  the  manage- 
ment of  local  affairs,  holding  at  different 
times  nearly  all  the  offices  of  Franklin 
township.  He  served  one  term  as  Director 
of  the  Poor  for  York  county.  He  was  born 
October   17th,    1782,   and   died  June  29th, 


1855,  his  remains  being  interred  in  Pros- 
pect Hill  cemetery.  Eleven  children  result- 
ed from  this  union:  Henry,  Martin  D., 
Lewis,  Jere,  Sarah,  wife  of  Christian  Ben- 
der, of  York,  Mary  A.,  married  to  Peter 
Wolford,  Lydia,  wife  of  Joshua  Green,  Eli- 
zabeth, and  Andrew,  and  two  who  died  in 
infancy.  All  these  children  are  deceased 
with  the  exception  of  our  subject. 

Jere  Carl  was  reared  to  habits  of  econ- 
omy and  thrift,  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools  and  at  an  early  age  became 
an  apprentice  in  the  office  of  the  York 
Democratic  Press,  where  he  learned  the 
trade  of  printing,  which,  however,  he  never 
followed.  At  the  close  of  his  apprentice- 
ship, he  was  made  a  clerk  in  the  store  of 
his  brother,  Lewis,  at  York,  and  remained 
with  him  for  seven  years.  On  January  i, 
1853,  he  secured  a  clerkship  in  the  old 
York  bank,  which  he  held  up  to  January  i, 
1867.  In  the  latter  year  he  formed  a  part- 
nership with  Charles  Weiser  and  Charles  S. 
Weiser,  under  the  firm  name  of  Weiser,  Son 
&  Carl,  bankers.  This  firm  continued 
to  do  a  private  banking  business  until  Jan- 
uary I,  1889,  when  their  bank  was  consoli- 
dated with  the  York  County  National 
Bank,  with  which  institution  he  has  since 
remained  as  an  officer  and  director.  Mr. 
Carl  also  turned  his  attention  to  other  busi- 
ness concerns  and  projects,  some  of  which 
he  has  controlled  ever  since.  He  has  been  a 
leading  spirit  in  the  advocacy  of  good 
roads,  and  to  his  efforts  largely  is  due  the 
present  meritorious  condition  of  a  number 
of  the  best  roads  in  York  county.  He  is 
president  of  the  York  and  Gettysburg  turn- 
pike company,  treasurer  of  the  York  and 
Chanceford  turnpike  company,  and  has 
been  for  some  years  secretary  of  the 
Wrightsville  turnpike  company.  He  is  also 
president  of  the  York  Water  Company, 
which  has  now  in  process  of  erection  a  new 
system   of  water  works   on   the  most   im- 


<3^^>^  .-;::^ir.>^ 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


267 


proved  modern  plan,  which  when  finished, 
will  be  second  to  none  of  their  kind  in  the 
State  in  point  of  utility,  effectiveness  and 
completeness.  The  York  Water  Company 
has  a  capital  stock  of  half  a  million  dollars 
and  is  accounted  one  of  the  most  substan- 
tial concerns  in  the  city  of  York.  The  new 
water  works  will  have  a  capacity  of  40,000,- 
000  gallons,  and  have  been  planned  not  on- 
ly to  satisfy  present  needs,  but  to  meet  fu- 
ture contingencies  and  increase  of  popula- 
tion. 

On  January  loth,  1861,  Mr.  Carl  was  uni- 
ted in  marriage  with  Adaline  Weiser,  a 
daughter  of  Charles  Weiser,  of  York.  To 
their  union  were  born  3  children,  two  sons 
and  a  daughter:  One  son  died  in  infancy; 
Charles,  who  died  on  February  2,^,  1882; 
and  Bella  married  on  November  5,  1896, 
to  William  A.  Keyworth,  cashier  of  the 
First  National  Bank,  of  York.  Mrs.  Carl 
died  on  February  23rd,  1897. 

Mr.  Carl  has  been  uniformly  active  in  re- 
ligious matters  and  in  various  philanthropic 
and  charitable  movements.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  St.  Paul's  Lutheran  church,  has  been 
the  lay  representative  to  the  General  Synod 
to  that  church  on  several  occasions,  is  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Church  Extension 
and  is  also  a  member  of  the  church  council. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  various  Ma- 
sonic bodies,  and  in  earlier  years  was  one 
of  the  chief  spirits  in  the  organization  of 
the  various  branches. 

In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  was  elected 
Chief  Burgess  of  the  Borough  of  York  in 
1875,  1876  and  1878,  but  has  carefully 
eschewed  partisan  politics  as  an  office 
seeker  or  promoter. 

Mr.  Carl  is  held  in  the  highest  esteem 
as  a  business  man  of  integrity  and  public 
spirit.  He  is  always  approachable,  kind  and 
gentle  in  his  manner  and  devoid  of  ostenta- 
tion. Few  men  have  so  quietly  and  steadily 
won  success  in  business  life,  and  yet  main- 


tained with  Mr.  Carl's  equanimity  the  at- 
tributes of  good  citizenship  and  the  graces 
of  Christian  character. 

RICHARD  E.  COCHRAN,  ESQ.,  sen- 
ior member  of  the  law  firm  of  Coch- 
ran &  Williams, of  York,  is  a  son  of  Hon. 
Thomas  E.  and  Anna  (Barnitz)  Cochran, 
and  was  born  in  the  city  of  York,  York 
county.  Pa.,  January   6,  1857. 

Hon.  Thomas  E.  Cochran,  who  was  not 
only  active  but  distinguished  in  profes- 
sional and  political  Hfe,  was  a  native  of  the 
State  of  Delaware  and  was  the  oldest  son  of 
Dr.  Richard  E.  Cochran.  In  1824  his 
father  and  family  removed  to  Columbia, 
Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
was  reared  and  educated.  In  1834,  at  the 
solicitation  of  Thomas  C.  Hambly  he  came 
to  York  to  edit  and  publish  the  Republican, 
of  which  he  had  charge  until  1833.  Simul- 
taneous with  his  connection  with  the  Re- 
publican he  contributed  valuable  editorials 
to  the  leading  newspapers  of  the  State  and 
country.  During  his  editorial  life  he  be- 
came a  student-at-law  with  the  late  Hon. 
Charles  A.  Barnitz,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
York  County  Bar  on  December  6,  1842. 
Two  years  prior  to  this,  however,  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  from  the  20th 
Senatorial  District,  then  composed  of  the 
counties  of  York  and  Lancaster,  and  con- 
tinued to  represent  that  district  until  the 
year  1844.  A  writer  of  that  day  referring 
to  Mr.  Cochran's  career  says:  "Mr.  Coch- 
ran is  inferior  in  point  of  native  talents  to 
no  man  in  the  Senate.  This  is  admitted  by 
his  contemporaries,  who  are  competent 
judges  in  these  matters,  for  they  speak  of 
that  which  they  themselves  do  feel."  In 
1856  Mr.  Cochran  was  the  Anti-Buchanan 
candidate  for  canal  commissioner  and  in 
1859  was  elected  auditor  general  of  the 
State  and  served  until  1862,  a  period  bur- 
dened with  grave  responsibility  and  peculiar 


268 


BlOGR.\PHICAL  AND  PORTRAIT  CYCLOPEDIA. 


difficulties.  With  the  expiration  of  his  term 
as  auditor-general  he  partly  withdrew  from 
political  affairs  and  gave  his  time  largely  to 
the  practice  of  law.  For  nearly  forty  years 
he  was  an  active  practitioner  in  the  courts 
of  York  and  adjoining  counties,  and  distin- 
guished himself  in  various  parts  of  the 
State  as  well.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he 
was  next  to  the  oldest  member  of  the  York 
County  Bar,  Hon.  Robert  J.  Fisher  being 
his  senior.  In  i860  he  associated  with  him 
in  the  practice  of  law,  William  Hay,  Esq., 
who  continued  to  be  his  partner  until  the 
time  of  his  death.  In  1860-64  and  1868  Mr. 
Cochran  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican 
National  Convention  and  in  1872  became  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion, in  which  latter  body  he  was  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  "railroads  and  canals" 
and  a  member  of  the  committee  "on  ac- 
counts and  expenditures"  and  "on  print- 
ing and  binding."  In  addition  to  these  pub- 
lic positions  of  honor  he  performed  the  dut- 
ies of  many  offices  of  trust  and  exhibited  an 
unusual  public  spirit.  He  possessed  great 
industry,  energy  and  firmness  of  character 
and  was  not  easily  driven  from  the  course 
he  believed  to  be  right,  nor  forced  from  it 
when  once  convinced  that  it  was  the  path 
duty  pointed  out.  He  was  a  man  of  good 
judgment,  ample  intellectual  endowment, 
wise  in  state-craft,  possessed  a  spirit  of 
Christian  philanthropy  and  was  an  orna- 
ment to  his  profession.  Born  March  23, 
1813,  his  eventful  and  useful  life  drew  to  a 
close  on  May  i6th,  1882,  and  his  remains 
are  entombed  in  Prospect  Hill  cemetery. 

On  April  14,  1853,  Mr.  Cochran  married 
Anna  M.  Barnitz,  a  daughter  of  General 
Jacob  Barnitz,  of  York  county,  by  whom 
he  had  one  son,  Richard  E.,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  and  three  daughters.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Cochran  were  members  of  St.  John's 
Episcopal  church  with  which  he  was  offi- 
cially connected  for  many  years. 


Richard  E.  Cochran  was  brought  up  in 
the  City  of  York  and  received  his  education 
in  the  York  County  Academy  and  the  York 
Collegiate  Institute.  Subsequently  he  de- 
termined upon  law  as  his  life  vocation,  read 
with  his  father  and  was  admitted  to  the 
York  County  Bar  on  September  isth,  1879. 
He  pursued  the  independent  practice  of  his 
profession  for  a  period  of  three  years,  when 
he  formed  his  present  co-partnership  with 
Smyser  Williams,  Esq.,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Cochran  &  Williams.  This  firm  is 
known  as  one  of  the  leading  law  firms  of 
York  county  and  maintains  a  deservedly 
high  standing  in  the  various  courts  with 
which  it  sustains  professional  relations.  Mr. 
Cochran  is  an  active  and  influential  Repub- 
lican in  politics  and  has  been  twice  hon- 
ored with  a  nomination  to  public  office  by 
his  party.  In  1880  and  again  in  1886  he 
was  made  the  candidate  for  District  Attor- 
ney, but  the  county  being  strongly  Demo- 
cratic, he  suffered  defeat  in  both  instances. 
In  1891  he  was  nominated  and  elected  a 
member  of  the  proposed  State  Constitu- 
tional Convention,  but  the  convention  never 
having  been  held,  the  project  was  defeated. 

Mr.  Cochran  married  on  November  3, 
1886,  Mary  E.  Dickey,  a  daughter  of  Hon. 
O.  J.  Dickey,  of  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania. 
Mrs.  Cochran  died  August  30,  1887. 

Fraternally  Richard  E.  Cochran  is  one 
of  the  prom.inent  Masons  of  his  city  and 
county,  being  Past  Master  of  York  Lodge, 
No.  266,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  a 
mem.ber  of  Howell  Chapter,  No.  199,  Royal 
Arch  Masons,  and  the  present  Captain  Gen- 
eral of  York  Commandery,  No.  21,  Knights 
Templar. 

N  SARGENT  ROSS.  ESQ.,  senior 
•  member  of  the  legal  firm  of  Ross  & 
Brenneman,  and  one  of  the  leading  mem- 
bers of  the  York  Count)'  Bar,  is  a  son  of 
Rev.  Joseph  Alexander  and  Mary  Jamison 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


369 


(Harvey)  Ross,  and  was  born  in  Northum- 
berland, Northumberland  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, May  3,  1858.  The  paternal  great- 
grandfather of  our  subject  came  from  Scot- 
land to  the  United  States  some  time  prior 
to  the  Revolutionary  war  and  his  son, 
James  H.  Ross,  served  as  an  officer  in  that 
conflict.  After  the  close  of  the  war  for  In- 
dependence, in  which  he  rendered  noble 
and  patriotic  service,  the  latter  settled  down 
as  a  civilian  in  Miffiin  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, where  by  thrift  and  industry  during 
the  succeeding  years  of  peace  he  accumu- 
lated quite  a  competency.  It  is  supposed 
that  the  wife  of  the  original  ancestor  was 
also  a  native  of  Scotland  and  accompanied 
him  to  the  new  world.  On  the  maternal  side 
Mr.  Ross'  progenitors  were  among  the  old- 
est and  most  conspicuous  settlers  of  Luzerne 
county.  The  Harveys  are  of  English  stock, 
the  grandfather  of  N.  Sargent  Ross,  being 
one  Benjamin  Harvey,  of  Harveyville,  Lu- 
zerne county,  the  founder  of  that  place  and 
by  occupation  a  farmer,  merchant  and  mill 
owner  of  prominence.  Subsequent  descend- 
ants of  this  family  occupied  commanding 
positions  in  the  professional  and  business 
life  of  Luzerne  county,  and  have  been  iden- 
tified with  many  of  its  industrial  enterprises 
and  material  development.  The  Rosses 
were  Scotch  Presbyterians  in  religious  be- 
lief while  the  Harveys  were  adherents  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church. 

One  of  the  sons  of  James  H.  Ross  was 
Rev.  Joseph  Alexander  Ross,  father  of  N. 
Sargent.  The  former  was  born  on  July  4, 
1816,  in  McVeytown,  Mifflin  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, where  he  grew  to  manhood  and 
obtained  his  elementary  education.  He  sub- 
sequently studied  theology  and  entered  the 
ministry  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
with  which  he  labored  faitnfully  for  many 
years.  Shortly  after  his  installation  he  was 
assigned  to  several  churches  successively  in 
Pennsylvania  and Maryland,and  in  i86oand 

18 


1861  became  pastor  of  the  Beaver  Street 
Methodist  church,  of  York.  A  short  time 
subsequent  he  removed  to  Carlisle,  Cumber- 
land county,  was  appointed  chaplain  in  the 
United  States  army  and  remained  in  the 
federal  service  during  the  Civil  war.  After 
his  retirement  from  the  United  States  army 
in  1866,  he  again  entered  the  itinerancy, 
filling  various  appointments  in  the  Cen- 
tial  Pennsylvania  conference  of  the  M.  E. 
church.  He  continued  active  in  the  work 
of  the  ministry  until  about  two  years  prior 
to  his  death,  which  occurred  on  his  farm 
near  East  Waterford,  Juniata  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, February  14,  1888,  after  fifty  years 
of  untiring  service  in  the  cause  of  Christian- 
ity. He  was  followed  to  his  grave  by  a 
large  concourse  of  people,  and  his  funeral 
cortege  was  one  of  the  most  notable  in  the 
history  of  Juniata  county.  He  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Mary  Jamison,  a  daughter 
of  Benjamin  and  Sarah  (Nesbit)  Harvey,  of 
Luzerne  county,  which  union  was  blessed 
with  six  children:  Elizabeth,  deceased  wife 
of  Dr.  I.  T.  Andrews,  of  Lewistown,  this 
State,  who  at  her  death  left  surviving  a  son 
and  two  daughters;  William  H.,  a  resident 
of  Petersburg,  Huntingdon  county;  Jose- 
phine Alexina,  wife  of  Joseph  Erwin,  a  resi- 
dent of  Concord,  Franklin  county;  Sarah, 
wife  of  Dr.  William  Shull,  of  Hummels- 
town,  Dauphin  county;  N.  Sargent,  sub- 
ject, and  Frank  S.,  engaged  in  clerical  work 
in  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

N.  Sargent  Ross, although  born  in  North- 
umberland county,  was  brought  up  at  dif- 
ferent points  in  Pennsylvania  to  which  his 
father  had  been  assigned  as  a  minister  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  He  re- 
ceived a  college  education  and  subsequently 
read  law  in  the  office  of  Judge  Jeremiah 
Lyons,  of  Miffiintown,Pa.,and  was  admitted 
to  the  Bar  of  Juniata  county  in  1882,  and 
later,  on  October  4,  was  admitted  to  prac- 
tice in  the  courts  c^  York  county.    He  had 


370 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


orginally  begun  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion at  Mifflintown,  Juniata  county,  which 
latter  place  he  left  in  March,  1883,  to  be- 
come a  resident  of  York.  Subsequent  to  his 
removal  to  York,  he  went  into  the  office  of 
Edward  W.  Spangler,  Esq.,  with  whom  he 
practiced  successfully  up  to  the  year  1896, 
when  his  present  alliance  with  H.  C.  Bren- 
neman,  Esq.,  was  formed  under  the  firm 
name  of  Ross  and  Brenneman. 

On  April  I2th,  1890,  Mr.  Ross  united  in 
marriage  with  Sue  W.  Sanks,  a  daughter  of 
Rev.  James  Sanks,  of  York.  To  this  union 
one  child  has  been  born,  Ruth  C,  who  died 
on  July  1 2th,  1892. 

In  the  political  field  Mr.  Ross  has,  since 
his  residence  in  York  county,  been  recog- 
nized as  a  leader  and  counsellor  of  the  Re- 
publican party  of  ability.  In  1885  he  was 
elected  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  State 
convention,  and  in  1892  he  was  made  the 
nominee  of  his  party  for  its  representative 
in  Congress  from  the  Nineteenth  Congres- 
sional District.  The  traditional  Democratic 
majority  was  large  and  immobile  and  con- 
sequently he  was  defeated  by  the  Hon.  F.  E. 
Beltzhoover,  late  Democratic  representative 
from  Carlisle,  Cumberland  county.  While 
closely  wedded  to  his  professional  career, 
still  Mr.  Ross  has  found  time  and  pleasure 
in  a  number  of  business  enterprises  and  pro- 
jects. He  is  a  stock-holder  and  director  of 
the  City  Bank  of  York,  has  various  minor 
business  interests  and  has  always  manifested 
a  commendable  degree  of  activity  in  the 
public  welfare,  material  progress  and  moral 
improvement  of  his  adopted  city.  For  a 
nuniber  of  years  he  has  been  prominent  in 
secret  and  fraternal  organizations,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  following  named  orders: 
Harmonia  Lodge,  Independent  Order  of 
Odd  Fellows;  Crystal  Lodge,  Knights  of 
Pythias;  York  Lodge,  Benevolent  and  Pro- 
tective Order  of  Elks,  of  which  he  is  a 
charter  member.     He  is  also  a  prominent 


Mason,  being  past  master  of  York  Lodge, 
No.  266,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons;  Past 
High  Priest  of  Howell  Chapter,  No.  199, 
Royal  Arch  Masons;  Eminent  Commander 
of  Gethsemane  Commandery,  No.  75, 
Knights  Templar,  and  a  member  of  Lulu 
Temple,  Ancient  Order  of  the  Mystic 
Shrine,  Philadelphia. 

WALLACE  PETER  DICK,  M.  A., 
the  second  president  of  Metzger 
College,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  is  of  Scotch  descent 
and  was  born  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  September 
9,  1857.  His  father,  a  native  of  Scotland 
was  the  Rev.  John  Wilson  Dick,  a  Baptist 
clergyman,  well  known  in  New  England. 
His  mother,  Mrs.  Eveline  M.  Dick,  still 
living  in  Boston,  Mass.,  was  Miss  Eveline 
Maranda  Spoor,  a  native  of  Vermont.  Presi- 
dent Dick  thus  combines  the  qualities  of  the 
Scotch  with  the  sturdy  New  England  char- 
acter. 

After  receiving  his  elementary  education 
in  the  schools  of  his  native  city  he  was  pre- 
pared for  college  in  the  famous  Woodstock 
Academy,  Woodstock,  Conn.,  and  entered 
Brown  University,  Providence,  R.  I.,  in 
1875,  then  presided  over  by  the  distinguish- 
ed educator,  the  late  Rev.  E.  G.  Robinson, 
D.  D.,  LL.  D.  Mr.  Dick  took  the  four 
years'  classical  course  and  was  graduated 
in  1879,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  While 
making  a  special  study  of  languages,  he 
was  an  all-round  student  and  during  his 
Junior  year  received  the  Howell  Premium 
of  sixty  dollars  awarded,  annually,  to  the 
student  having  the  "highest  rank  in  mathe- 
matics and  natural  philosophy  for  the  pre- 
vious two  years  and  a  half." 

He  received  the  first  honor  of  his  class  in 
the  appointments  for  Commencement,  con- 
cluding his  graduating  oration,  "Discon- 
tent an  Incentive  to  Inquiry,"  with  the  vale- 
dictory addresses,  formerly  given  on  such 
occasions.    He  received  several  of  the  high- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


B7r 


est  college  honors,  and  holds  high  testi- 
monials from  the  faculty  of  Brown.  He  is  a 
member  of  tjie  Phi  Beta  Kappa  society, 
having  been  received  at  the  end  of  his  jun- 
ior year.  At  the  Junior  oratorical  exhibi- 
tion of  his  class  in  1878,  he  delivered  an 
original  Latin  oration  upon  the  theme,  "Ni- 
hil mente  praestabilius." 

Early  in  his  college  course,  Mr.  Dick  de- 
cided to  be  a  teacher,  and  during  the  first 
year  after  graduation  he  was  principal  of 
the  public  schools  of  Wickford,  R.  I.  The 
Principalship  of  the  High  School,  Wake- 
field, R.  I.,  was  then  tendered  to  him  and 
was  accepted.  His  teaching  here  was  in  the 
department  of  languages.  From  time  to 
time  he  instructed  classes  in  Higher  Eng- 
lish, Latin,  Greek,  French  and  German.  Mr. 
Dick  introduced  music  and  physical  train- 
ing into  the  High  School  and  lectured  once 
a  week  to  the  entire  school  on  subjects  of 
general  importance,  especially,  on  "Civil 
Government."  While  here,  in  1882,  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  M.  A.,  in  course,  from 
his  Alma  Mater.  During  his  stay  in  Wake- 
field, he  was  active  in  church  and  Sabbath 
school  work,  having  been  Superintendent 
of  the  Sabbath  school  the  two  years  prior 
to  his  leaving  Wakefield. 

After  four  years'  service  as  Principal  of 
the  High  School,  Mr.  Dick  accepted  a  State 
Normal  School  Professorship  in  the  South- 
western State  Normal  School,  located  at 
California,  Pennsylvania.  His  chair  here 
was  English,  exclusively,  and  he  was  a  most 
popular  instructor.  In  1885,  Prof.  Dick  ac- 
cepted the  position  of  Professor  of  Natural 
Sciences  and  Modern  Languages  in  the 
Central  State  Normal  School,  Lock  Haven, 
Pa.  He  was  soon  elevated  to  the  vice  prin- 
cipalship and  taught  Latin,  History  and 
Pedagogics.  While  here  he  was  in  constant 
demand  as  instructor  at  County  Institutes. 

In  1891  he  was  called  to  the  Chair  of 
Languages   in   the   State   Normal   School, 


West  Chester,  Pa.  Various  considerations 
induced  him  to  accept  this  position,  after 
much  deliberation.  On  the  occasion  of  his 
resignation  in  1895,  a  leading  daily  of  West 
Chester  paid  him  the  following  tribute: 
"Professor  Wallace  Peter  Dick,  who  for  the 
past  four  years  has  ably  filled  the  Chair  of 
Classical  and  Modern  Languages  at  the 
State  Normal  School,  has  resigned  to  ac- 
cept the  Presidency  of  Metzger  College  to 
which  he  was  recently  elected.  Professor 
Dick  came  here  in  1891  from  Lock  Haven 
a^id  his  record  in  West  Chester  is  one  to  be 
envied,  as  he  has  raised  the  standard  of 
Latin  in  the  Normal  School,  teaching  sev- 
eral times  the  amount  required  by  law." 

In  July,  1895,  President  Dick  entered 
upon  his  new  duties  at  the  head  of  Metzger 
College  for  young  ladies  at  Carlisle,  Pa.  The 
institution  was  sufifering  somewhat  from  the 
depression  of  the  times,  but,  by  making 
numerous  improvements,  by  selecting  a 
strong  Faculty,  by  issuing  a  beautifully  il- 
lustrated catalogue  setting  forth  the  new 
and  enlarged  courses  of  study  and  by  vari- 
ous other  means.  Prof.  Dick  has  succeeded 
in  bringing  the  merits  of  the  college  to  the 
favorable  attention  of  a  still  wider  number 
of  those  who  have  daughters  to  educate,  or 
who  are  interested  in  the  higher  education 
of  girls. 

President  Dick  is  a  popular  and  efficient 
lecturer  at  County  Institutes,  as  his  work 
in  the  various  counties  of  the  State  during 
the  last  twelve  years  will  attest.  His  subjects 
are  drawn  mainly  from  language,  science 
and  pedagogy.  He  has  never  ceased  to  be 
a  student.  In  1889  he  took  a  year's  course, 
by  correspondence,  in  the  school  of  Peda- 
gogy of  the  University  of  the  City  of 
New  York,  and  in  private  study,  has  cov- 
ered a  large  part  of  the  work  required  in 
Latin  and  Pedagogy  at  the  best  universities 
for  the  degree  of  Ph.  D. 

Prof.  Dick  is  much  interested  in  music  as 


272 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


a  diversion.  He  plays  the  piano  and  organ 
and  is  an  excellent  baritone  singer.  He  has 
filled  the  position  of  church  organist  and 
also  that  of  precentor.  He  has  written  sev- 
eral pieces  for  the  piano  and  several  songs. 
Very  few  of  these  have  yet  been  published. 
Of  two  of  his  best  songs,  "Little  Sunbeam" 
and  "Lighl  of  My  Life"  he  composed 
both  words  and  music. 

Prof.  Dick  has  been  too  much  engrossed 
with  the  work  of  teaching  to  write  much  of 
a  literary  character  for  publication.  He 
published  some  years  ago  a  little  pamphlet, 
"Topical  Outlines  in  Natural  Philosophy." 
He  has  also  projected  a  Latin  book  for  be- 
ginners embodying  the  results  of  his  study 
and  experience  and  a  work  on  Pedagogy. 
He  is  a  poet  of  natural  ability  and  has  fur- 
nished numerous  poems  for  special  occa- 
sions. 

Prof.  Dick  is  thus  a  gentleman  of  versa- 
tile powers — a  thorough  scholar  and  a  prac- 
tical educator.  His  work  at  Lock  Haven 
and  West  Chester,  covering  a  period  of  ten 
vears,  was  of  great  value  in  making  the 
Normal  School  so  powerful  a  feature  in  the 
field  of  education,  and  under  him  Metzger 
College  ought  to  take  high  rank  as  an  in- 
stitution for  the  higher  education  of  girls. 
President  Dick  is  a  member  of  the  Presby- 
terian church  and  President  of  the  Cumber- 
land County  Sabbath  School  Association. 

He  was  united  in  marriage,  in  1885,  to 
Miss  Ida  May  McConnell  of  Elizabeth,  Pa. 
Their  only  child,  a  son,  died  at  the  age  of 
two  months. 

DR.  JAMES  A.  DALE,  President  of 
the  York  County  National  Bank  and 
senior  member  of  the  wholesale  drug  house 
of  Dale  &  Hart.of  York,  is  a  son  of  Alpheus 
and  Catharine  (Thrush)  Dale,  and  was  born 
in  Shippensburg,  Cumberland  county.  Pa., 
on  March  g,  1845.  Both  the  Dale  and 
Thrush  families  are  of  German  lineage,  but 


their  early  history  in  Pennsylvania  cannot 
at  this  time  be  supplied.  Alpheus  Dale  was 
a  native  of  Centre  county,  Pennsylvania, 
but  removed  to  Cumberland  county  in  1842, 
where  he  still  lives  at  Mechanicsburg.  He 
was  a  millwright  contractor  by  occupation, 
and  made  a  specialty  of  bridge-building. 
During  the  late  civil  war  he  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  the  United  States  Government  as  an 
expert  bridge-builder  to  repair  and  con- 
struct bridges  in  the  Southern  States,  where 
the  Union  armies  were  operating.  He  mar- 
ried Catharine  Thrush,  a  daughter  of  Solo- 
mon Thrush,  of  Shippensburg,  to  which  un- 
ion seven  children  were  born,  four  sons 
and  three  daughters.  James  A.  Dale  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  of  Cum- 
berland county,  and  at  an  early  age  secured 
a  clerkship  in  the  post  office  at  Mechanics- 
burg, where  he  remained  for  a  year.  He 
then  became  a  clerk  in  the  drug  store  of  J. 
B.  Herring,  of  Mechanicsburg,  where  he 
spent  an  additional  six  years,  during  which 
time  he  mastered  the  details  of  the  retail 
drug  trade.  With  this  preliminary  qualifi- 
eation  he  left  Mr.  Herring  in  1868,  and 
came  to  York,  where  he  soon  formed  a 
partnership  with  Dr.  Jacob  Hart,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Dale  &  Hart,  and  opened  one 
of  the  earliest  wholesale  drug  houses  in  the 
place.  The  establishment  prospered  from 
its  very  inception,  and  from  time  to  time 
its  proprietors  were  compelled  to  enlarge 
their  establishment  to  accommodate  an  in- 
creasing volume  of  business.  In  July,  1894, 
Dr.  Hart  was  drowned  in  the  Yougho- 
gheny  river,  which  fatality  necessitated  a 
change  in  the  firm.  It  was  accordingly  re- 
organized by  the  admission  of  Samuel  S. 
Long  and  Charles  W.  Brandt  and  Guy  H. 
Boyd  to  the  partnership  under  the  title  of 
Dale,  Hart  &  Company.  Since  Dr.  Hart's 
death,  the  executive  management  of  the 
business  fell  to  the  care  of  Dr.  Dale, 
which    has    been    in    no    wise    permitted 


REV.  HERMAN  HENRY  WALKER,  D.  D. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


273 


to  fall  below  the  high  standard  originally 
set.  In  addition  to  the  drug  business,  Dr. 
Dale  has  embarked  successfully  in  other  in- 
dustrial enterprises.  He  is  public  spirited 
in  a  high  degree,  and  throws  himself  ener- 
getically into  any  project  or  enterprise  pro- 
mising well  for  the  growth  and  welfare  of 
his  adopted  city.  He  is  a  director  of  the 
York  Opera  House  Company,  President  of 
the  York  Hotel  Company,  President  of  the 
York  County  National  bank,  to  which  latter 
position  he  was  elevated  in  January,  1897, 
upon  the  death  of  Dr.  William  S.  Roland. 
He  is  also  the  owner  of  large  real  estate  in- 
terests, and  is  President  of  the  York  City 
Market  Company  being  the  original  pro- 
moter of  this  enterprise.  The  Colonial  Ho- 
tel, whose  erection  was  effected  through 
the  York  Hotel  Company,  is  one  of  the 
finest  and  best  appointed  hotels  in  the  State, 
erected  at  a  cost  of  $175,000,  exclusive  of 
furnishings.  The  completion  of  this  project 
was  due  in  the  largest  degree  to  the  person- 
al efforts  of  Dr.  Dale,  who,  by  personal  so- 
licitation, obtained  the  stock  subscriptions 
to  insure  its  success.  He  also  was  the  mov- 
ing and  directing  spirit  in  obtaining  the 
stock  necessary  to  erect  the  York  City 
market  house,  which  was  erected  in  1878,  at 
a  cost  of  $45,000. 

In  addition  to  these  business  activities 
Dr.  Dale  has  been  interested  in  a  number 
of  lesser  projects  which  have  always  felt 
the  energetic  impress  of  his  business  gen- 
ius. He  is  a  careful,  conservative  financier, 
full  of  resources,  tactful  and  always  enter- 
prising. 

Mr.  Dale  is  an  ardent  Republican  in  po- 
litics, gives  an  intelligent  support  to  his 
party,  is  carefully  informed  upon  financial 
and  economic  problems  and  has  been  a  man 
of  genuine  worth  to  his  community.  He  is 
unalterably  opposed  to  what  is  termed 
"Boss  Rule,"  and  supports  his  party  upon 
the  strength  of  the  great  principles  it  repre- 


sents, and  not  as  a  machine  for  the  further- 
ance of  the  party  ambitions  of  professional 
politicians. 

Mr.  Dale  is  a  member  and  the  corres- 
ponding secretary  of  the  Board  of  State 
P'ish  Commissioners,  and  in  his  lighter  mo- 
ments is  a  devoted  follower  of  Isaac  Wal- 
ton's pleasure-craft.  He  is  a  member  of 
York  Conclave  Lodge,  No.  124,  Improved 
Order  of  Heptasophs,  and  Eureka  Lodge, 
No.  302,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons.  He 
served  in  Co.  F,  ist  Penn.  Vols.  State  Mili- 
tia during  the  war  and  did  active  and  hon- 
orable service  at  the  battle  of  Antietam 
and  during  the  Rebel  raid. 

REV.  HERMAN  HENRY  WALKER, 
D.  D.,  pastor  of  St.  John's  Evange- 
lical Lutheran  church,  of  York,  since  its 
organization  in  1874,  was  born  on  Septem- 
ber 28,  1842,  in  the  Empire  of  Germany. 
He  is  a  son  of  Frederick  C.  and  Gertrude 
(Schomburg)  Walker.  At  the  time  of  his 
birth  that  part  of  Prussia,  which  was  the 
place  of  his  nativity,  was  comprised  in  the 
kingdom  of  Hanover,  and  consequently 
both  of  his  parents  were  natives  of  the 
kingdom  of  Hanover.  Mr.  Walker  was 
partially  reared  in  Hanover  during  the 
third  interregnum  in  the  history  of  Ger- 
many, but  left  the  Fatherland  before  the 
Bismarckian  policy  of  blood  and  iron 
wrought  the  unification  of  the  German 
Empire  under  its  present  form.  After  com- 
ing to  this  country  in  1854,  he  first  located 
in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  which  city  he  spent 
two  years  in  work  preparatory  to  entering 
college.  In  his  15th  year  he  entered  Con- 
cordia College,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  the  classical 
course  in  1862.  In  the  same  year  he  became 
?.  student  in  the  Concordia  Theological 
Seminary  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  and  fin- 
ished his  course  there  in  1865.  Immedi- 
ately subsequent  he  visited  his  native  land, 


'274 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


at  which  time  Prussia  and  Austria  were 
commencing  their  noted  struggle  to  deter- 
mine the  question  of  royal  primacy  in  Ger- 
many. He  returned  from  this  tour  in  1866, 
shortly  after  which  he  received  and  ac- 
cepted a  call  from  St.  Paul's  Lutheran 
church,  Paterson,  New  Jersey.  This  pas- 
torate extended  over  a  period  of  eight 
years.  In  March,  1874,  he  accepted  a  call 
to  St.  John's  church,  York,  which  had  been 
just  organized  with  a  hundred  voting  mem- 
bers, but  with  no  definite  policy  as  to  the 
future  of  the  organization.  His  labors  in 
this  new  field  were  zealous  and  persistent, 
the  siiccess  of  which  is  attested  by  a  growth 
in  membership  from  100  to  600.  This 
growth  has  been  substantial  and  enduring 
in  other  senses  than  the  numerical  and 
material.  The  Sunday  school  at  the  pres- 
ent time  numbers  almost  as  many  members 
as  the  congregation  itself,  while  the  paro- 
chial school  organized  in  1874,  and  taught 
by  two  specially  trained  teachers,  is  not 
only  unique  in  its  organization  and  meth- 
ods, but  has  been  remarkable  in  its  results, 
as  well.  Up  to  the  year  1895  all  services  of 
the  church  and  Sunday  school  were  con- 
ducted im  the  German  language,  but  since 
that  year  English  services  have  been  intro- 
duced and  both  languages  are  given  equal 
importance  in  the  parochial  school.  St. 
John's  church  is  the  only  church  in  the, 
Nineteenth  Congressional  District  belong- 
ing to  the  Missouri  Synod.  To  Dr.  Walk- 
er's efforts  largely  is  due  the  erection  of 
the  brick  church  edifice  and  the  parochial 
school  building  on  West  King  street  which 
form  the  home  and  radiating  centre  of  his 
intellectual,  moral  and  religious  teaching. 

On  August  27,  1868,  Rev.  Dr.  Walker 
wedded  Eleonora  E.  Melcher,  a  daughter 
of  Frederick  Melcher,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
To  their  union  have  been  born  eight  child- 
ren; Marie,  who  died  May  4,  1896,  aged  26 
years,  a  young  woman   of  varied  accom- 


plishments and  highly  esteemed  for  her  lov- 
able disposition  and  many  Christian  vir- 
tues; Constantine,  who  died  in  infancy;  Ly- 
dia;  Martin,  now  a  student  in  the  Concor- 
dia Seminary,  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  with  a 
view  to  entering  the  Lutheran  ministry; 
Clara,  Henry  and  Nora,  all  deceased  in  ear- 
ly childhood ;  and  Julius. 

Rev.  Dr.  Walker  enjoys  the  somewhat 
unusual  advantage  of  being  surrounded  by 
Democratic  institutions,  after  having  re- 
ceived an  intellectual  heritage  under  a 
monarchial  form  of  government.  He  has 
always  been  a  close  student,  not  only  of 
church  history  and  theological  systems 
but  also  of  economical  and  industrial  rela- 
tions, and  follows  with  interest  and  appre- 
ciation the  trend  of  all  religious  and  moral 
movements.  He  is  an  eloquent  and  forci- 
ble speaker,  an  indefatigable  church  work- 
er and  has  endeared  himself  to  his  people 
by  his  moral  earnestness  and  Christian  sym- 
pathy. Since  1885  Dr.  Walker  has  held 
the  ofiice  of  vice  president  of  the  Eastern 
District  of  the  Missouri  Synod,  having 
been  re-elected  to  this  position  three  suc- 
cessive times,  holding  also  during  the  same 
period  the  office  of  Visitator  or  Presiding 
Elder  of  the  Baltimore  District  Conference. 

T  SAAC  A.  ELLIOTT,  cashier  of  the 
J.  York  County  National  Bank,  has  been 
connected  with  that  bank  for  a  longer  per- 
iod of  years  than  any  other  person  now  liv- 
ing. He  is  a  son  of  Isaac  and  Catharine 
Elliott,  and  was  born  in  the  City  of  York, 
Pennsylvania,  on  August  23,  1845.  His 
father,  Isaac  Elliott,  was  born  and  reared 
in  the  State  of  Maryland.  About  the  year 
1836  he  removed  to  York,  which  thereafter 
became  his  place  of  residence.  In  Febru- 
ary, 1856,  he  went  to  South  Carolina,  as 
superintendent  of  the  construction  of  a  tele- 
graph line  in  that  State,  and  while  engaged 
in    that    undertaking    contracted    a    fever, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


275 


which  obliged  him  to  return  home  where, 
he  died  in  October  of  the  same  year.  At 
the  time  of  his  death  he  was  in  his  48th 
year.  He  was  a  member  of  the  German 
Reformed  church,  a  man  of  standing  in  the 
community,  and  in  1845  was  commissioned 
Heutenant  in  a  military  company  known  as 
the  York  Rifles. 

Isaac  A.  Elliott  attended  the  public 
schools  of  York,  until  the  death  of  his 
father  in  1856  when  he  started  on  his  career 
in  life  as  a  newsboy,  which  line  of  work  he 
continued  until  April  26,  1858,  when  he  en- 
tered as  errand  boy  the  large  business 
house  of  P.  A.  &  S.  Small,  of  York,  with 
whom  he  remained  for  a  period  of  11 
years.  During  this  period  of  service  he 
was  promoted  from  time  to  time  until  he 
was  made  receiving  clerk  in  the  counting 
room  and  through  his  hands  the  receipts 
for  merchandise  sold  by  this  large  firm  were 
obliged  to  pass.  Upon  the  death  of  Wil- 
liam Wagner,  cashier,  of  the  York  County 
National  Bank  in  July,  1869,  Mr.  Elliott 
was  made  teller  in  that  institution.  He 
served  as  teller  for  20  years,  and  in  1889 
was  elected  cashier  to  succeed  James  A. 
Schall,  deceased.  Since  that  time  he  has 
been  the  only  incumbent  of  that  office  and 
has  fully  justified  the  confidence  of  the  di- 
rectors by  his  conservative  and  careful  con- 
duct of  ofScial  duties. 

The  York  County  National  Bank  was 
originally  organized  as  the  York  Savings 
Institution,  with  a  capital  of  $10,000  which 
was  subsequently  increased  to  $50,000.  In 
1850  the  bank  was  re-organized  under  the 
title  of  the  York  County  Bank,  with  a  capi- 
tal of  $150,000,  and  in  1864,  it  became  the 
York  County  National  Bank,  and  the  capi- 
tal stock  was  increased  to  $300,000.  The 
present  officers  are:  James  A.  Dale,  presi- 
dent; Jere  Carl,  vice  president;  Isaac  A. 
Elliott,  cashier;  directors.  Dr.  James  A. 
Dale,  Samuel  Gotwalt,  George  S.  Schmidt, 


David  H.  Welsh,  Charles  Kurtz,  D.  F. 
Hirsh,  William  Laumaster,  Jere  Carl  and 
Philip  A.  Small.  Of  all  the  persons  con- 
nected with  the  bank,  Mr.  Elliott  is  the  old- 
est in  service,  having  been  at  his  post  con- 
tinuously as  teller  and  cashier  for  a  period 
of  28  years.  On  November  14,  1871,  Mr. 
Elliott  was  married  to  Virginia  A.  Osborne, 
a  daughter  of  the  late  James  W.  Osborne, 
of  Washington  City.  Their  union  has  been 
blessed  by  the  birth  of  two  children,  a  son 
and  a  daughter:  Blanche  S.,  the  wife  of  S. 
Forry  Loucks,  and  Lewis  C,  who '  is  a 
bookkeeper  in  the  York  County  National 
Bank. 

In  political  opinion  Mr.  Elliott  is  a  Re- 
publican though  he  takes  only  a  nominal 
interest  in  party  politics.  In  religious  faith 
and  church  membership  he  is  a  Presbyter- 
ian, being  an  attendant  and  communicant 
of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church,  of  York, 
of  which  he  has  been  a  member  since 
1867.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
Fraternity,  in  which  he  has  been  prominent 
and  active  for  a  period  of  thirty  years,  hav- 
ing served  as  Worshipful  Master  of  York 
Lodge,  No.  266,  F.  &  A.  M.,  M.  E.  High 
Priest  of  Howell  Chapter,  No.  199,  R.  A.  M., 
Eminent  Commander  of  York  Comman- 
dery.  No.  21,  Knights  Templar,  and  eight 
years  as  District  Deputy  Grand  Master  of 
District  No.  4,  comprising  York  and 
Adams  Counties. 

JAMES  G.  GLESSNER,  Esq.,  one  of 
the  leading  young  lawyers  of  York, 
was  born  at  Lewisberry,  York  County, 
Pennsylvania,November  9,  1865,  and  is  the 
son  of  Henry  and  Anna  (Graham)  Gless- 
ner.  Henry  Glessner  was  of  Swiss  descent, 
while  his  wife's  ancestry  were  of  Scotch- 
Irish  origin.  The  elder  Glessner  was  a 
painter  and  cabinet  maker  by  trade,  lived  a 
quiet  and  unassuming  life  at  Lewisberry 
and  died  on  February  21st,  1884,  at  the  age 


276 


BlOGRAPtllCAL  AND  PORTRAIT  CyCLOPEDIA. 


of  54  years.  Both  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Glessner 
were  natives  of  York  County,  affiliated  with 
the  Methodist  Church  and  became  the  pap- 
ents  of  seven  children. 

James  G.  Glessner  was  brought  up  in 
boyhood  in  his  native  village,  and  attended 
the  common  schools  until  he  was  16  years 
of  age.  He  then  taught  scihool  a  year, 
attended  the  State  Normal  school  at  Lock 
Haven,  Pa.,  and  subsequently  attended  the 
Cumberland  Valley  State  Normal  school, 
Shippensburg,  Pa.,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  the  class  of  1885.  In  the  en- 
suing year  he  commenced  the  study  of  law 
with  the  firm  of  Kell  &  Kell,  of  York,  and 
after  teaching  a  term  of  school  in  1887,  was 
admitted  to  the  Bar  of  York  County  in  the 
following  year.  Immediately  after  his  ad- 
mission to  the  Bar  he  opened  an  office 
with  Silas  H.  Forry,  Esq.,  and  took  up  his 
residence  in  York,  where  he  has  since  con- 
tinued to  reside.  Mr.  Glessner's  success  was 
immediate  and  emphatic  and  he  at  once  be- 
came prominent  in  both  professional  and 
public  life.  He  is  an  ardent  and  energetic 
Republican  and  at  a  very  early  age  became 
interested  in  the  activities  and  policies  of  his 
party.  In  1890  he  was  elected  secretary  of 
the  Republican  County  Committee,  and 
held  that  position  through  two  successive 
campaigns.  Upon  the  death  of  the  county 
chairman  in  1892, Mr.  Glessner  immediately 
announced  himself  as  a  candidate  for  the 
vacant  position,  and  after  a  spirited  contest 
was  elected  chairman.  As  chairman  he  had 
to  deal  with  new  forces  and  factors  in  State 
and  national  politics  but  acquitted  himself 
with  so  much  satisfaction  and  with  such 
fine  spirit  and  leadership  that  during  the 
four  succeeding  years  he  was  honored  by 
a  unanimous  re-election.  During  all  these 
years,  and  especially  in  1896,  he  fully  sus- 
tained the  well  earned  distinction  of  1892. 
A  vigorous  and  persistent  worker,  he  has 
shown  himself  amply  able  to  meet  the  exi- 


gencies of  political  campaigning,  and  has, 
by  ability  and  sagacity,  won  an  unusual  rep- 
utation as  a  successful  Republican  leader.  In 
1890  his  party  made  him  its  candidate  for 
District  Attorney,  and  notwithstanding  his 
advanced  vote,  yet  he  was  unable  to  over- 
come the  large  adverse  majority  in  the 
county.  He  is  a  trenchant  and  forcible 
speaker,  ample  intellectual  endowment,  and 
has  already  reached  an  enviable  position  in 
the  legal  fraternity  of  his  county. 

Mr.  Glessner  is  a  stockholder  and  direc- 
tor of  the  Drover's  and  Mechanic's  Na- 
tional Bank,  and  besides  is  interested  as  a 
stockholder  or  director  in  a  number  of 
other  concerns. 

Fraternally  he  is  a  member  of  the  Ma- 
sonic Order,  Knights  of  the  Golden  Eagle, 
Knights  of  Pythias  and  the  Benevolent  and 
Protective  Order  of  Elks,  of  which  last 
named  Lodge  he  is  a  Past  Exalted  Ruler. 

On  June  i8th,  1891,  Mr.  Glessner  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Joanna,  a  daughter 
oi  Mrs.  Mary  M.  Bowen,  of  Shippensburg, 
this  State.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Glessner  have 
two  children,  a  son  and  a  daughter:  Hazel 
M.,  and  Silas  Forry. 


OHN  FREDERICK  MOHLER,A.M., 
Ph.  D.,  professor  of  physics  in  Dick- 
inson College,  Carlisle,  Pennsyl- 
vania, is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Elizabeth 
(Williams)  Mohler,  and  was  born  at  Boiling 
Springs,  Cumberland  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania, October  30,  1864.  The  Mohler 
family  is  one  of  the  old  German  families  of 
Lancaster  County,  and  its  descendants  are 
now  resident  in  various  counties  of  the 
State.  One  of  their  descendants,  Jacob 
Mohler,  was  a  farmer  in  Lancaster  County 
and  afterward  removed  to  Cumberland 
County,  where  he  died  in  1878,  at  Me- 
chanicsburg,  aged  eighty-five  years,  while 
his  wife  lacked  but  three  birthdays  of 
reaching  the  century  mark.     Mr.  and  Mrs. 


NirreTEENTH  Congressional  District. 


277 


Mohler  were  Dunkards  or  German  Baptists 
and  reared  a  family  of  twelve  children  all 
of  whom  attained  to  a  ripe  old  age.  Their 
son,  Samuel  Mohler,  was  born  February  13 
1830,  being  next  to  the  youngest  child  of 
the  family  and  was  the  first  of  the  children 
to  die,  passing  away  March  31,  1883,  at  53 
years  of  age.  He  followed  his  trade  of  mill- 
wright until  the  year  1862,  when  he  en- 
listed in  Company  C,  i68th  Pennsylvania 
volunteers.  By  promotion  he  reached  the 
rank  of  first  lieutenant,  and  served  up  to 
July,  1863,  when  he  was  honorably  dis- 
charged. Returning  home  he  was  success- 
fully engaged  in  farming,  first  near  Boiling 
Springs  and  next  at  Middlesex,  where  he 
died.  He  was  an  active  member  and 
worker  of  the  Evangelical  Association  and 
in  politics  supported  the  Republican  party. 
He  served  as  justice  of  the  peace  for  a  num- 
ber of  years,  and  married  Elizabeth  Wil- 
liams, a  daughter  of  David  Williams,  a  far- 
mer of  Cumberland  county.  To  their  union 
were  born  five  children:  William  D.,  a 
machinist  of  Harrisburg;  Laura,  wife  of 
Rev.  G.  S.  Smith,  of  Callaway,  Nebraska; 
Ida,  wedded  Charles  W.  Heagg,  of  Car- 
lisle; Professor  John  F.,  and  Susan,  wife 
of  William  Staat,  of  Blackbird,  in  the  State 
of  Delaware. 

John  F.  Mohler  was  reared  on  the  farm 
and  attended  the  common  schools  until  he 
was  sixteen  years  of  age  when  he  com- 
menced teaching  in  order  to  acquire  means 
sufficient  to  obtain  a  college  education. 
After  teaching  three  years  he  entered  Dick- 
inson College  in  December,  1883,  and  after 
losing  one  year  was  graduated  from  that  in- 
stitution in  the  class  of  1887,  of  which  he 
was  valedictorian.  Leaving  college  he 
taught  a  short  time  at  Mechanicsburg,  was 
then  instructor  in  mathematics  and  science 
in  Wilmington  Conference  Academy  of 
Dover,  Delaware,  for  three  years,  and  went 
to     Wesleyan     Academy     of    Wilbraham, 


Mass.,  where  he  heM  fhe  chair  of  malthe- 
matics  for  four  years.  In  1894  he  attended 
Johns  Hopkin's  University  and  made  spec- 
ialties of  physics,  astronomy  and  mathe- 
matics for  a  year,  was  appointed  assistant 
in  astronomy  in  that  institution  and  a  year 
later  was  made  a  fellow  in  physics.  Leaving 
Johns  Hopkins  in  June  1896  he  came  to 
Carlisle,  and  was  elected  professor  of  phy- 
sics in  Dickinson  College.  Professor  Moh- 
ler not  only  endeavors  to  teach  the  essen- 
tial facts  of  the  science,  but  also  emphasizes 
the  value  of  scientific  method  as  necessary 
intellectual  discipline.  He  is  the  author  of 
several  works  upon  subjects  in  the  line  of 
his  specialty  among  which  are  "Notes  on 
Refraction,"  "Index  of  Water  and  Alcohol 
for  Electrical  Waves,"  "Efifect  of  Pressure 
on  Spectral  Lines,"  and  "Surface  Tension 
of  Water  at  Temperatures  below  Zero  De- 
gree Centigrade." 

Prof.  Mohler  is  a  member  of  the  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  Society  of  Dickinson  College, 
and  a  member  of  the  American  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science.  He  is  a 
Republican  in  politics,  and  a  member  of  the 
Allison  Methodist   Episcopal   church. 

In  June  1892  Professor  Mohler  married 
Sarah  Loomis,  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Phineas 
Loomis,  a  native  of  Bloomfield,  Connecti- 
cut, and  a  member  of  the  New  York  East 
Conference  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.  Their  union  has  been  blessed  with 
two  children:     Frederick  and  Samuel. 

REV.  DAVID  BITTLE  FLOYD,  A. 
M., pastor  of  Zion's  Lutheran  church 
of  Newville,  Cumberland  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, was  born  at  Middletown,  Frederick 
county,  Maryland,  and  is  the  son  of  Heze- 
kiah  and  Lydia  (Bittle)  Floyd. 

By  his  paternal  ancestry,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  is  of  English  ex)traction.  Mary 
(Douglass)  Floyd,  his  great-grandmother, 
and   founder   of  the   branch   in    America, 


278 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


landed  at  Baltimore,  Maryland,  from  Eng- 
land in  1770.  She  was  a  widow  with  seven 
children  and  settled  in  Howard  county,  Md., 
at  Lisbon,  near  Ellicott's  Mills.  She  was 
of  Scotch-Irish  descent  and  in  religion  was 
a  Roman  Catholic.  'Her  children  were: 
Philip,  William,  Obadiah,  Elizabeth,  John, 
Sarah  and  Providence. 

John  Floyd,  who  was  the  grandfather  of 
Rev.  David  B.  Floyd,  was  born  March  6, 
1766,  in  England,  and  was  the  youngest  of 
his  mother's  sons.  He  was  only  four  years 
eld  when  brought  to  this  country.  During 
the  last  quarter  of  the  Eighteenth  Cen- 
tury, Nicholas  Bowlus,  a  prominent  farmer 
in  the  Middletown  valley, Frederick  county, 
Maryland,  was  engaged  in  hauling  produce 
to  and  from  Baltimore  city.  He  invariably 
stopped  at  the  home  of  Mary  Douglass 
Floyd,  and,  when  John  Floyd  developed 
into  manhood,  he  was  received  into  the 
Bowlus  family.  March  19,  1797,  he  married 
Elizabeth,  a  daughter  of  Nicholas  Bowlus. 
Subsequently  he  became  the  owner  of  a  val- 
uable farm  near  Myersville,  Frederick 
county,  Maryland,  where  he  lived  and  died. 
He  was  a  man  of  powerful  physique  and 
muscular  development,  and  was  the  recog- 
nized champion  of  strength  in  Frederick 
county.  He  was  the  father  of  nine  children, 
viz:  Elizabeth,  Catharine,  Sophia,  Mary, 
Margaret,  John,  Jr.,  Eleanor,  Henry  and 
Hezekiah.  These  children  inherited  certain 
traits  of  character,  which  distinguished 
them.  They  were  hardy,  thrifty,  resolute, 
upright  and  honorable.  The  sons  inherited 
the  prodigious  strength  of  their  father,  and 
the  daughters,  the  superb  and  daring  eques- 
trian skill  of  their  mother.  John  Floyd 
was  born  a  Roman  Catholic.  His  wife  was 
born  and  raised  a  Lutheran,  and  was  a  very 
consistent  member  of  that  faith  from  her 
childhood  to  her  death.  All  their  children 
partook  of  the  religion  of  their  mother;  but 
having  married  into  families  connected  with 


other  branches  of  the  Protestant  faith,  some 
of  them  have  become  identified  with  other 
churches. 

Hezekiah  Floyd,  the  father  of  Rev.  David 
B.  Floyd,  was  born  August  15,  1816.  In  his 
youth  he  became  a  member  of  the  Lutheran 
church  at  Middletown,  Maryland,  under 
the  ministry  of  Rev.  Abram  Reck.  For 
many  years  he  was  a  deacon  of  the  church. 
In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat,  until  the 
war  began,  when  he  became  a  Republican. 
He  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  militia  of  the 
Maryland  line  in  the  Mexican  war.  In  later 
years  he  was  on  the  police  force  in  the  city 
of  Greencastle,  Indiana.  He  was  a  man  of 
positive  character,  and  possessed  strong 
and  decided  convictions  in  political  and  re- 
ligious matters.  He  was  twice  married.  On 
May  10,  1835,  he  became  the  husband  of 
Lydia  Bittle.  The  union  was  one  of  uniform 
cordiality  and  felicity.  After  her  death  he 
married  Elizabeth  Brown  by  whom  he  had 
two  children:  Sarah  and  Edward  Z.  Floyd. 
Hezekiah  Floyd  was  environed  with  some 
of  the  best  and  most  distinguished  men  and 
women  of  the  Lutheran  church.  Lydia 
Bittle,  who  became  his  first  wife,  was  a  sis- 
ter of  Rev.  David  F.  Bittle,  D.  D.,  the 
founder  and  first  president  of  Roanoke  Col- 
lege in  Virginia;  another  brother-in-law 
was  Rev.  Daniel  H.  Bittle,  D.  D.,  of  Sa- 
vannah, Georgia.  Hezekiah  Floyd's  niece 
was  the  wife  of  Rev.  Ezra  Keller,  D.  D., 
first  president  of  Wittenberg  College,  in 
Ohio.  His  sister-in-law  was  the  aunt  of  Rev. 
Charles  P.  Krauth,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  who  was 
the  professor  of  intellectual  and  moral  phi- 
losophy in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

By  his  maternal  ancestry.  Rev.  David  B. 
Floyd  is  of  German  extraction.  In  1780 
George  Michael  Bittle,  who  married  Anna 
Marie  Elizabeth  Beale,  emigrated  from 
Prussia  to  America.  He  was  a  sturdy  Ger- 
man Lutheran,  who  first  located  in  Adams 
county.  Pa.,  and  afterwards  moved  to  Fred- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


279 


erick  county,  Maryland,  locating  near 
Bealesville,  so  called  in  honor  of  his  wife's 
name.  His  children  were  five  in  number, 
as  follows:  Thomas,  George,  Elizabeth, 
Catharine  and  Jonathan. 

Thomas  Bittle,  Rev.  David  B.  Floyd's 
maternal  grandfather,  was  born  February 
22,  1783.  He  was  a  lieutenant  in  the  war 
of  1812.  He  was  known  throughout  the 
Middletown  valley  in  Frederick  county  by 
the  sobriquet  of  "Honest  Thomas  Bittle." 
In  February,  1810,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Mary,  a  daughter  of  Philip  and 
Elizabeth  (Loerne)  Bear,  of  Frederick 
county,  Maryland,  who  were  also  of  Ger- 
man extraction  and  came  to  America  in 
1768. 

Lydia  Bittle,  the  daughter  of  Thomas 
Bittle,  who,  by  her  marriage  with  Hezekiah 
Floyd,  became  the  mother  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  was  born  January  11,  181 5.  She 
was  a  woman  of  unusual  consistency  in  re- 
ligion and  of  deep  piety  and  devotion  in 
the  Lutheran  church.  She  was  called  to 
move  in  a  conspicuous,  rather  than  an  ele- 
vated sphere  of  life,  where  she  exhibited 
peculiar  wisdom,  prudence,  patience,  econ- 
omy and  all  the  domestic  virtues. 

The  children  of  Hezekiah  and  Lydia  Bit- 
tle Floyd  were  eight  in  number,  viz: 
Amanda  Elizabeth  Floyd,  who  married 
Sanford  Fortner,  a  captain  and  stafif  officer 
of  the  2nd  Brigade,  3d  Division,  14th  Army 
Corps,  during  the  Rebellion;  Dr.  John 
Thomas  Floyd,  who  died  of  apoplexy 
at  Noblesville,  Indiana,  in  1867.  He 
was  captain  of  Company  D,  loist  Indiana 
Regiment,  in  the  late  war,  and  assistant  in- 
spector general  on  the  stafif  of  General  J.  J. 
Reynolds.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  grad- 
uated from  the  Ohio  Medical  College  in 
Cincinnati,  and,  after  receiving  his  degree, 
practiced  medicine  until  the  time  of  his 
death;  Major  Mahlon  Henry  Floyd,  who 
married  Clarinda  H.,  a  daughter  of  Hon. 


James  L.  Evans,  member  of  the  44th  and 
45th  Congresses  of  the  United  States.  Dur- 
ing the  war,  Mahlon  H.  Floyd  was  Major 
of  the  75th  Indiana  Regiment.  He  died 
August,  1891 ;  Mary  Jane  Floyd,  who  mar- 
ried Rev.  Martin  L.  Culler,  a  Lutheran 
minister,  who  was  a  member  of  the  Chris- 
tian commission  during  the  war;  Captain 
Daniel  Hezekiah  Floyd,  assistant  quarter- 
master of  the  United  States  Army,  who 
graduated  from  the  United  States  Military 
Academy  at  West  Point.  He  was  assigned 
to  the  ninth  cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant 
and  served  on  the  frontiers  of  Texas  and 
New  Mexico.  In  1874  he  was  appointed  to 
pursue  a  post  graduate  course  in  the  gov- 
ernment artillery  school  at  Fortress  Mon- 
roe, Virginia;  and  two  years  later  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant  in  the 
iSth  Infantry.  In  command  of  a  detach- 
ment of  his  regiment  he  was  sent  to  quell 
riots  in  the  States  of  North  and  South  Caro- 
lina during  the  pohtical  imbroglio  of  1876. 
In  1883  President  Arthur  appointed  him 
captain  and  assistant  quartermaster.  He 
died  in  1894;  Charlotte  Cordelia  Floyd  died 
in  infancy  and  George  Edward  Floyd  was 
not  quite  three  years  old  when  he  died. 

Rev.  David  Bittle  Floyd,  A.  M.,  was  born 
March  15,  1846.  He  was  baptized  in  in- 
fancy and  confirmed  in  manhood  by  his 
uncle.  Rev.  David  F.  Bittle,  D.  D.  In  1858 
he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Hamilton 
county,  Indiana.  His  youth  and  early  man- 
hood were  spent  at  school,  where  he  soon 
gave  promise  of  future  development  of 
mind  and  heart.  In  1862,  when  a  mere 
youth,  he  abandoned  his  studies  and  vol- 
unteered in  the  service  of  his  country,  serv- 
ing as  sergeant  for  three  years  in  Company 
I,  75th  Regiment  of  Indiana  Volunteers. 
He  was  one  of  the  youngest  soldiers  of  the 
war,  being  only  sixteen  years  of  age  at  the 
time  of  his  enlistment.  On  August  19, 
1862,  there  were  presented  to  him  through 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


a  small  window  of  the  arsenal  at  Indianapo-3 
lis,  a  Springfield  rifle  and  cartridge  box, 
and  three  years  afterwards,  at  the  close  of 
the  war,  he  returned  the  same  rifle  through 
the  same  window.  He  holds  a  lieutenant's 
commission,  granted  for  meritorious  con- 
duct, by  Indiana's  war  governor,  Oliver  P. 
Morton.  He  fought  with  Thomas,  under 
Rosecrans  at  Chickamauga,  under  Grant 
at  Chattanooga,  and  marched  with  Sher- 
man to  the  sea. 

During  the  winter  of  1866  the  subject  of 
our  sketch  was  a  medical  student  in  the 
University  of  Michigan  at  Ann  Arbor.  In 
1867  he  entered  Asbury  (De  Pauw)  Univer- 
sity at  Greencastle,  Indiana;  and  in  1868  he 
became  a  student  at  Roanoke  College,  Vir- 
ginia, graduating  in  1872  with  second 
honor  in  his  class.  In  the  winter  of  1872-3, 
he  entered  Bellevue  Medical  College,  New 
York  city ;  but  a  few  months  prior  to  grad- 
uation he  became  convinced  that  it  was  his 
duty  to  abandon  his  medical  studies  and 
enter  the  ministry  of  the  Lutheran  church. 
In  consequence  of  this  decision  he  left  New 
York  and  taught  school  at  Martinsburg, 
West  Virginia,  until  the  opening  of  the  ses- 
sion of  1873-4  of  the  Lutheran  Theological 
Seminary  at  Gettysburg,  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1876. 

In  May  1874  while  a  student  of  The- 
ology he  met  General  Sherman  at  Gettys- 
burg, and  upon  separating,  the  General 
took  him  by  the  hand  and  made  this  signi- 
ficant remark:  "You  were  one  of  my  brave 
boys;  and  you  will  have  harder  battles  to 
fight  in  the  profession  you  have  now 
chosen,  than  you  had  in  the  army  under 
my  command."  Rev.  D.  B.  Floyd  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Phi  Delta  Theta  (college)  Fra- 
ternity and  while  a  student,  was  the  cham- 
pion chapter  founder  of  the  fraternity,  es- 
tablishing no  less  than  eight  chapters.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  Geo.  H.  Thomas  Post, 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  of  Indiana. 


g  In  1876  Rev.  David  B.  Floyd  was  ordain- 
'■' ed  to  the  ministry  by  the  Synod  of  Mary- 
land in  session  at  Washington.  February 
15,  1877,  he  married  Mary  E.,  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  Nathaniel  and  Margaret  (Wilen)  Cut- 
ting. His  fields  of  labor  in  the  ministry 
have  been  as  follows:  Brandonville,  West 
Virginia,  during  vacation  in  the  summer  of 
1875;  Uniontown,  Maryland,  from  1876  to 
1882;  Boonsboro,  Maryland,  from  1882  to 
1885;  and  Zion's  church,  Newville,  Cum- 
berland county,  Pennsylvania,  since  1885. 

Rev.  David  B.  Floyd  is  a  frequent  con- 
tributor to  various  periodicals.  He  is  the 
author  of  "Necrology  of  Lutheran  minis- 
ters, born  in  the  Middletown  valley,  Mary- 
land;" of  "Reynolds'  Division  in  the  Battle 
of  Chickamauga;"  of  "History  of  the  75th 
Regiment  of  Indiana  Infantry  Volunteers;" 
and  of  "History  of  Zion's  Lutheran  Con- 
gregation of  Newville,  Pennsylvania,"  from 
1795  to  1895."  By  request  of  the  commis- 
sioners from  Indiana  for  the  erection  of 
monuments  in  the  Chattanooga  and  Chick- 
amauga Military  Park,  he  wrote  the  inscrip- 
tion for  the  monument  erected  to  the  75th 
Indiana  Regiment.  He  has  also  delivered 
several  addresses  and  sermons  before  ex- 
soldiers  and  others,  which  were  published 
by  request. 

CHARLES  S.  WEISER.  The  story  of 
the  Weiser  family  runs  as  a  thread 
through  the  whole  length  of  the  fabric  of 
history  which  the  emigration,  colonization 
and  achievement  of  the  Pennsylvania  Ger- 
man people  have  woven.  It  was  back  in 
the  time  of  Queen  Anne  of  England  and 
partly  through  her  policy  of  encouraging 
emigration  to  the  American  colonies,  that 
the  first  member  of  this  family  came 
to  this  country.  His  christian  name 
has  been  lost  in  the  lapse  of  years 
since  then,  but  it  is  known  that  he  was  one 
of  4000  Germans  who  in  1708  were  trans- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


ported  from  the  Palatinate  to  Holland  and 
from  thence  to  England  with  the  design  of 
sending  them  to  America  as  colonists.  They 
camped  in  tents  at  Blackmoor,  near  Lon- 
don. An  embassy  of  chiefs  then  in  Lon- 
don are  said  to  have  suggested  their  colon- 
ization of  a  tract  of  land  west  of  the  Hud- 
son. The  voyage  consumed  six  months 
and  seventeen  hundred  died  at  sea.  There 
appeared  to  have  been  an  understanding 
that  they  should  provide  tar  and  raise  hemp 
for  the  government  naval  stores  to  pay  for 
their  transportation,  but  from  the  German 
account  of  the  transaction  it  appears  to 
have  been  somewhat  in  the  nature  of  a 
speculation  at  their  expense.  Gov.  Hun- 
ter quartered  them  on  Governor's  Island, 
cared  for  the  sick,  apprenticed  the  young 
orphans  and  sent  the  able  bodied  to  Liv- 
ingstone Manor  to  work  out  their  contract. 
Here  they  remained  three  or  four  years  in 
a  sort  of  slavery,  as  their  accounts  claim, 
and  then  most  of  them  removed  to  the 
Schoharie  Valley,  where  land  given  by  the 
Indians  had  been  promised  them.  Among 
these  was  the  great  ancestor  of  the  Weiser 
family,  from  one  of  whose  sons  the  York 
county  Weisers  are  descended.  The  colony 
at  Schoharie  did  not  prosper.  The  gov- 
ernor allowed  the  colonists  to  plant  crops 
and  then  when  everything  seemed  to  be  in 
a  prosperous  way,  a  question  as  to  the  val- 
idity of  their  titles  was  raised  and  the  set- 
tlers were  partially  dispersed  in  1723.  Then 
began  a  search  for  a  new  home.  They  wan- 
dered southward  until  they  reached  the 
Susquehanna,  where  canoes  were  fashioned 
and  in  them  the  wanderers  floated  down 
the  river  to  the  north  of  the  Swatara  and 
thence  to  a  fertile  spot  along  Tulpehocken 
creek,  where  they  settled  among  the  In- 
dians in  the  fa;ll  of  1723.  The  father  of 
Conrad  Weiser  having  acquired  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  Indian  language  remained  at 
Schoharie  as  an  interpreter  until  1729,  when 


with  his  wife  and  four  children  he  gained 
the  settlement  on  the  Tulpehocken.  He 
devoted  himself  to  farming,  but  on  noted 
occasions  he  served  the  State  authorities  as 
interpreter  in  conference  with  the  Indians. 
In  1736  he  was  sent  to  treat  with  the  Six 
Nations  concerning  a  war  threatened  be- 
tween them  and  the  Indians  of  Virginia. 
He  was  assisted  August  14,  1752,  by  Count 
Zinzendorf,  who  met  a  numerous  embassy 
of  the  Six  Nations  and  preached  to  them 
at  Tulpehocken.  At  the  conclusion  of  his 
remarks  he  said  of  Weiser:  "This  is  a  man 
whom  God  hath  sent,  both  to  the  Indians 
and  to  the  white  people,  to  make  known 
His  will  unto  them."  In  1752  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  public  school  trustee.  After  a 
useful  and  eventful  life  he  died  at  Wormels- 
dorf,  July  13,  1760. 

Samuel  Weiser,  a  descendant  of  the  Tul- 
pehocken settlement,  came  to  York  in  1780 
and  commenced  the  hat  business  half  way 
between  the  present  corner  house  and  the 
square.  In  1808  he  also  opened  a  dry 
goods  store  on  the  southeast  corner  of  the 
square.  He  died  in  1834.  Charles,  his 
third  son,  associated  himself  with  his 
brother  Jacob  in  the  dry  goods  business 
from  1818  to  1846.  In  1856  he  formed  a 
private  banking  house  and  in  i860  took  his 
son,  Charles  S.,  subject  of  this  narrative, 
into  partnership.  Mr.  Weiser  was  at  var- 
ious times  a  director  of  the  York  bank  and 
president  of  the  York  and  Gettysburg,  and 
York  and  Susquehanna  Turnpike  com- 
panies. He  was  a  member  of  Christ  Luth- 
eran church.  His  death  took  place  July, 
1867,  in  the  71st  year  of  his  age.  Mrs. 
Weiser  was  Annie,  a  daughter  of  Gen. 
Jacob  Spangler. 

Charles  S.  Weiser,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  their  fourth  son.  He  was  born 
in  York  March  13,  1838,  and  was  educated 
at  the  York  County  Academy.  After  taking 
the  regular  course  he  left  that  institution 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


{ind  for  several  years  served  as  a  clerk  in 
the  dry  goods  business  conducted  by  his 
brother  John.  In  1861  he  associated  him- 
self with  his  father  in  the  private  banking 
business.  In  the  early  part  of  1867,  pre- 
ceding the  death  of  his  father,  Jere  Carl 
was  taken  into  the  firm  which  then  became 
Weiser  Son  &  Carl,  and  continued  in  ex- 
istence until  1889,  when  the  partnership 
was  discontinued,  owing  to  ill  health.  While 
in  active  business  life  Mr.  Weiser  was  asso- 
ciated with  about  18  corporations,  but  af- 
ter retiring,  he  withdrew  from  most  of  the 
positions.  Thus,  he  was  borough  and  city 
treasurer  for  sixteen  years  and  at  various 
periods  held  the  treasurerships  of  the  York 
Water  Company,  York  County  Academy, 
York  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  Society  for 
the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals,  York 
County  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company, 
Board  of  Home  Missions  of  the  General 
Synod  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod, 
of  the  Theological  seminary  at  Gettys- 
burg and  of  the  C.  A.  Morris  Fund  of  St. 
Paul's  church.  He  has  also  served  as  vice 
president  of  the  Orphan's  Home,  as  director 
in  the  York  and  Susquehanna  Turnpike 
company  and  on  the  death  of  the  late  Post- 
master Small,  filled  that  office  for  five 
months  until  President  Harrison  made  an 
appointment.  Mr.  Weiser  is  a  Democrat, 
but  not  a  politican.  He  is  a  member  of  St. 
Paul's  Lutheran  churc  h  and  a  member  of 
the  church  council.  His  record  in  the  Ma- 
sonic fraternity  is  that  of  Past  Master  in 
York  Lodge,  and  a  member  in  Howell 
Chapter,  No.  199,  R.  A.  M.,  and  York  Com- 
mandery.  No.  21,  K.  T. 

On  August  27th,  1866,  Mr.  Weiser  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Isadora  Brown, 
daughter  of  the  late  Wm.  Brown,  Esq.,  of 
York.  To  this  union  was  born  one  child, 
Charles,  who  died  in  infancy. 

By  reason  of  his  vast  and  varied  business 
experiences  his  close  identification  with  the 


material  and  industrial  progress  of  York 
county,  Mr.  Weiser  is  one  of  the  best  and 
most  favorably  known  men  of  affairs.  He 
has  been  a  skilled  financier,  a  man  pos- 
sessed of  first-rate  executive  capacity,  irre- 
proachable integrity  and  withal  a  man  of 
the  cleanest  personal  character.  He  is  a 
sympathetic  patron  of  education,  unselfish 
in  his  devotion  to  public  charities,  public 
spirited  in  all  that  pertains  to  the  welfare  of 
his  community  and  a  high-minded  citizen 
of  genuine  worth  and  untrammeled  convic- 
tions. 

EDWARD  W.  SPANGLER,  ESQ.,  a 
leading  lawyer  and  journalist  of 
York,  was  born  in  Paradise  (now  Jackson) 
township,  York  county,  Pa.,  Feb.  23,  1846, 
While  a  lad  in  the  country  he  performed 
boys  work  on  his  widowed  mother's  farm, 
and  during  four  months  of  the  winter  at- 
tended the  free  school  of  the  district.  Never 
relishing  agricultural  labors,  he  abandoned 
them  at  the  first  opportunity,  and  at  the  age 
of  thirteen  became  a  student  in  the  York 
County  Academy,  of  which  the  great  com- 
moner, Thaddeus  Stevens,  was  once  the 
principal.  After  a  year's  study  he  entered 
as  a  clerk  one  of  the  leading  dry-goods 
houses  of  York.  In  August,  1862,  at  the 
age  of  sixteen,  he  responded  with  others  to 
the  call  of  President  Lincoln  for  nine 
months'  volunteers,  and  enlisted  as  a  private 
in  Company  K,  One  Hundred  and  Thir- 
tieth Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers. 
After  six  week's  service  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  he  received  his  first  baptism  of 
fire  at  the  battle  of  Antietam,  in  which  his 
company  lost  in  killed  and  wounded  one- 
third  of  the  number  engaged.  Mr.  Spang- 
ler  fired  eighty  rounds  with  which  he 
was  equipped,  and,  finding  use  for  more, 
took  ten  rounds  from  the  cartridge  box  of 
a  dead  comrade,  eight  of  which  he  dis- 
charged before  his  regiment  was  relieved. 


Cdmvl  (J}. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


283 


During  the  engagement,  the  stock  of  his 
rifle  was  shattered  by  a  Confederate  bullet. 

At  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  his  divi- 
sion, the  Third  of  the  Second  Corps,  made 
the  initial  and  sanguinary  charge  on 
Maryes'  Heights,  where  his  Colonel  was 
killed  at  he  first  fire.  At  Chancellors- 
ville  his  division  was  thrown  into  the  breach 
to  arrest  the  victorious  Confederates  in 
their  headlong  pursuit  of  the  routed 
Eleventh  Corps.  During  that  terrible  Sat- 
urday night,  May  2,  1863,  his  company  was 
fighting  in  the  front  line  on  the  plank  road 
on  which  Stonewall  Jackson  the  same  night 
was  mortally  wounded.  The  following 
morning  General  Berry,  of  Maine,  who 
commanded  a  division  of  the  Third  Corps, 
was  killed  in  his  Company,  and  General 
Hays,  the  Commander  of  Mr.  Spangler's  di- 
vision, was  taken  prisoner.  Although  in  the 
forefront  of  every  battle,  Mr.  Spangler  was 
unharmed  in  each.  The  term  of  enhstment 
having  expired  the  regiment  returned  home 
anc"  was  disbanded. 

Upon  his  return  to  civil  life  he  was  ap- 
pointed Deputy  United  States  Marshal  of 
York  County.  He  held  this  office  for  a  few 
weeks  only,  when  his  leg  was  broken  by  the 
kick  of  an  abandoned  Confederate  horse, 
and  being  incapacitated  for  active  duty,  he 
resigned.  Upon  convalescence  he  resumed 
his  studies  at  the  York  County  Academy, 
and  also  registered  as  a  student  of  law.  Af- 
ter attending  a  course  of  lectures  in  the 
law  department  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania at  Philadelphia,  he  was  admitted 
to  the  York  Bar,  March  4,  1867.  He  soon 
acquired  a  very  lucrative  practice,  which  he 
has  since  retained.  He  has  practiced  in  the 
neighboring  county  courts,  in  the  United 
States  District  Court,  and  is  an  active  prac- 
titioner in  the  State  Supreme  Court  during 
the  week  appointed  for  the  argument  of 
York  County  cases.  He  has  studiously 
eschewed  politics,  save  his  filling  the  office 


of  President  of  the  York  Republican  club 
in  1 88 1,  to  which  he  was  elected  without 
his  knowledge,  and  which  position  he  sub- 
sequently resigned,  having  joined  the  in- 
dependent wing  of  his  party.  In  1881  he 
was  one  of  the  principal  promoters  in  the 
building  of  York's  beautiful  Opera  House, 
and  superintended  its  first  year's  manage- 
ment. 

He  has  been  active  in  furthering  local 
progress  and  developing  home  industries. 
He  has  also  taken  an  active  part  in  the  su- 
burban development  of  York,  and  laid  out 
his  real  estate  with  streets  extending  from 
North  George  street  to  Cottage  Hill,  which 
section  is  known  as  Fairmount,  and  is  now 
made  accessible  by  two  handsome  iron 
bridges  spanning  the  Codorus  creek. 

In  January,  1892,  Mr.  Spangler  pur- 
chased the  York  Daily  and  York  Weekly 
and  the  extensive  job-establishment  con- 
nected therewith.  With  the  assistance  of 
his  two  able  publishing  partners,  he  at  once 
introduced  new  features  and  methods  into 
the  conduct  of  the  business  and  infused  new 
life  into  the  publications,  resulting  in  a  very 
large  increase  in  their  circulation,  carrying 
them  to  the  forefront  of  inland  journals. 
He  is  President  of  the  York  Daily  Publish- 
ing Company  and  owns  a  controlling  inter- 
est. 

In  January,  1886,  he  organized  the 
Spangler  Manufacturing  Company ,of  which 
he  is  President,  a  corporation  organized  un- 
der the  laws  of  this  State.  The  company 
manufactures  a  general  line  of  agricultural 
implements,  which  on  account  of  their  su- 
perior excellence  are  sold  throughout  the 
United  States. 

In  September,  1873,  he  married  Mary 
Frances  Miller,  and  the  union  has  been 
blessed  with  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 
He  possesses  great  energy  and  executive 
ability,  is  a  sound  and  able  advocate,  and  a 
witty,  pungent  and  forcible  writer. 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


He  is  attorney  for  the  First  National 
Bank,  York;  ex-director  of  the  Farmers' 
National  Bank;  a  trustee  of  the  York 
County  Historical  Society;  member  of  the 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania German  Society,  and  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. He  is  the  author  of,  and  has  just  is- 
sued a  volume  of  over  seven  himdred  pages, 
profusely  illustrated,  entitled,  "The  Annals 
of  the  Families  of  Caspar,  Henry,  Baltzer, 
and  George  Spengler,  who  settled  in  York 
County,  respectively  in  1729,  1732,  1732  and 
i7Si>  with  Biographical  and  Historical 
Sketches,  and  Memorabilia  of  Contempor- 
aneous Local  Events,"  which  has  already 
met  with  great  favor. 

In  this  work  is  given  the  ancestry  of  Mr. 
Spangler  as  follows: 

GEORGE  SPENGLER,  THE  COMMON  ANCESTOR. 

The  first  of  the  family  of  Spengler  who 
achieved  fame  was  George  Spengler,  Cup- 
bearer to  the  Prince-Bishop  of  the  ecclesias- 
tical principality  of  Wurtzburg,  Godfrey  of 
Piesenburg,  who  was  also  Chancellor  to 
the  Emperor  Frederick  Barbarossa. 

This  Bishop  and  his  Cupbearer  accom- 
panied the  Emperor  on  his  Crusade  to  the 
Holy  Land.  The  Emperor  was  drowned, 
1 190,  in  the  Syrian  river,  Calycadnus,  while 
trying  to  urge  his  horse  across  the  stream. 
His  camp  was  then  immediately  removed  to 
Antioch,  where  he  was  provisionally  buried. 

The  Bishop  and  his  Cupbearer  died  soon 
afterwards.  They  were  carried  off  by  that 
dreadful  scourge,  the  plague,  which  af- 
flicted the  Crusaders,  and  were  buried  in 
the  Church  of  St.  Peter  at  Antioch.  Of 
those  whom  the  Emperor  had  brought 
across  the  Bosphorus,  not  a  tenth,  it  is  said, 
reached  Antioch. 

Since  then  the  genealogy  runs  regu- 
larly. 


THE  GERMAN  GENEALOGY. 

L  George  Spengler, 

Cupbearer  to  the  Bishop  of  Wurtzburg,  was 

born  about  11 50  and  died  1190.     His  son 

was  also  named 

n.  George  Spengler, 
who  lived  at  Winsbach,  in  the  Margravate 
of  Winsbach,  in  the  year  1230.     From  his 
marriage  with  a  Redtlinger,  sprang 

HL  KiLLjAN  Spengler, 
who  lived  in  1270.    He  resided  at  Kutzen- 
dorff,    and    was    married    to    Margartha 
Gaumy.    They  had  a  son  also  named, 

IV.  KiLLiAN  Spengler, 
living  in  1302,  who  married  a  Von  Rosen- 
busch.    Of  their  four  sons, 

V.  Peter  Spengler, 
continued  the  line.    He  had  a  residence  at 
Elbersdorfif,  near  Winsbach,  and  married 
Catherina  Von  der  Ansach,  and  had  three 
sons,  one  of  whom  was 

VI.  Hans  Spengler, 

who  was  twice  married.  (Johan  Spengler, 
an  officer  in  the  Palatinate  army,  who  en- 
tered the  Netherland  army  in  1640,  and 
founded  the  Holland  branch  of  Van  Speng- 
lers,  was  a  descendant  of  this  Hans.)  From 
Hans'  second  marriage  with  Christina 
Westendorfif,  sprang  a  son, 

VII.  Hans  or  Urban  Spengler, 
of  Donauworth,  Franconia  (Franken),  who 
settled  in  Nuremberg  1476  and  died  De- 
cember isth,  1527.    His  son, 

VIII.  George  Spengler, 
was  Clerk  of  the  Council  of  Nuremberg, 
and  died  in  1496.     He  married  Agnes  Ul- 
mer  1468,  who  died   1505.     Among  their 
children  was  a  son, 

IX.  George  Spengler, 
born  1480,  died  1529.  (He  was  a  brother 
of  the  famous  Lazarus  Spengler,  the  coad- 
jutor of  Martin  Luther).  He,  George,  was 
married  to  Juliana  Tucherin  1516.  Their 
son, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


285 


X.  Frantz  Spengler, 
was  born  15 17  and  died  1565.     Among  his 
numerous    offspring    were    Philip    Jacob 
Spengler,  born  May  3,  1556,  and 
XI.  Lazarus  Spengler, 
"Procurator"    in    Nuremberg,    born    1552, 
died  1618.     His  second  wife  was  Bartrand 
Geroldin,     whom     he     married     in     1593. 
Among  their  children  were  Plans  George, 
Anna     Maria    and     Margaretha,     familiar 
names  among  the  descendants,  and 

XIL  PIanb  Spengler, 
born  1594.  He  left  his  native  land  during 
the  "Thirty  Years  War,"  1618- 1648,  and  ac- 
cording to  the  opinion  expressed  by  our 
cousins  in  Germany,  was  exiled  on  account 
of  his  protestant  faith.  He  settled  in 
Switzerland.    His  son, 

XHL  J.ACOB  Spengler, 
became    a    citizen    of    Schoftland,    Canton 
Berne,    (now    Aargau)    Switzerland.      His 
son, 

XIV.  Hans  Rudolph  Spengler, 
emigrated  to  "Weyler  (Weiler)  under 
Steinsberg,"  near  Sinsheim,  on  the  Elsenz, 
Rhenish  Palatinate,  now  in  the  Grand 
Duchy  of  Baden.  He  married  July  16, 
1618,  Judith,  daughter  of  Jacob  Haegis,  de- 
ceased, of  Beisassen,  at  Sinsheim.  His 
second  marriage,  in  i6ig,  was  with  Marie 
Saeger,  of  Duehren,  near  Sinsheim.  Among 
his  numerous  children  was, 

XV.  Hans  Kaspar  Spengler, 
born  at  Weyler,  January  20,  1684.  Married 
Judith,  adopted  daughter  of  Martin  Ziegler, 
February  9,  1712;  emigrated  to  America  in 
1727,  and  settled  in  York  County,  Pa.,  1729. 
His  son. 

XVI.  Rudolph  Spengler, 
was  born  March  i,  1721,  at  Weyler,  and 
emigrated  with  his  father  to  America  in 
1727.  Was  settled  by  his  father  on  360 
acres  of  land  in  Paradise  Township,  York 
County,  Pa.,  1735.     His  son, 


XVII.  Henry  Spangler, 
was  born  August  3,  1753,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Seventh  Company,  Seventh  Bat- 
talion, York  County  xVlilitia,  in  the  war  of 
the  Revolution.    His  son, 

XVIII.  Rudolph  Spangler, 

was  born  June  27,  1800;  married  Sarah 
Flarbaugh,  a  grand-daughter  of  Yost  Har- 
baugh,  a  paticipant  in  Braddock's  Expedi- 
tion, and  a  Captain  in  active  service  in  the 
Revolutionary  War.     His  son 

XIX.  Edward  W.  Spangler, 

is  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  ' 

REV.  W.  MASLIN  FRYSINGER,  D. 
D.,  pastor  of  Allison  Memorial 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  of  Carlisle, 
and  a  man  of  ability  and  scholarship,  is  a 
son  of  George  and  Sarah  S.  (Barnitz)  Fry- 
singer,  and  was  born  at  Hanover,  York 
County,  Pennsylvania,  April  18,  1840.  The 
Frvsingers  are  of  German-Swiss  origin  and 
originally  lived  in  the  Frysinger  territory 
of  Germany  raided  and  broken  up  during 
the  Thirty  Years  War.  Three  Frysinger 
brothers,  one  of  them  a  Lutheran  minister, 
before  the  time  of  the  American  Revolution 
emigrated  to  Pennsylvania  and  settled  in 
the  western  part  of  York  County  along  the 
Codorus  creek,  near  Hanover,  wliere  Cap- 
tain George  Frysinger,  grandfather  of  Dr. 
Frysinger,  was  born  and  reared.  Captain 
George  Frysinger  was  a  wagon  maker,  and 
in  earlier  years  built  the  old  Conestoga 
wagons.  He  was  in  a  militia  company  at 
the  North  Point  fight,  in  the  War  of  1812, 
where  the  captain  ran  away  and  Mr.  Fry- 
singer led  the  company  in  that  action,  for 
which  act  of  gallantry  he  was  commis- 
sioned its  captain.  He  was  a  Lutheran 
and  an  old  line  Whig,  and  married  Eliza- 
beth Ritter,  by  whom  he  had  eight  children. 
He  died  April  5,  1870,  aged  eighty-four 
years.  His  son,  George  Irysinger,  now 
the  oldest  living  editor  in  Pennsylvania,  was 


19 


286 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


born  at  Hanover,  November  4,  181 1,  and 
at  an  early  age  learned  the  trade  of  print- 
ing. He  soon  became  proficient  in  the  art, 
and  for  over  forty  years  edited  the  Lewis- 
town  Gazette.  He  retired  from  active  busi- 
ness in  1886,  and  still  resides  at  Lewis- 
town,  this  State.  He  was  an  old  line  Whig, 
but  joined  the  Republican  party  at  its  or- 
ganization, giving  it  all  the  strength  of  his 
influence,  but  declining  all  honors  offered 
to  him.  He  was  an  early  Odd  Fellow,  and 
inclines  to  the  faith  of  the  Friends.  He 
married  Sarah  S.  Barnitz,  of  Hanover.  Mrs. 
Frysinger  was  born  July  13,  1813,  and  is 
still  living.  To  their  union  were  born 
three  sons:  Dr.  W.  Maslin,  George  R., 
late  editor  of  the  Lewistown  Free  Press; 
and  Charles  who  died  in  infancy. 

Rev.  Dr.  W.  Maslin  Frysinger  was  reared 
in  Lewistown,  attended  the  Lewistown 
academy,  and  when  not  quite  twenty  years 
of  age  entered  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
ministry  of  the  East  Baltimore  conference. 
In  connection  with  preaching  he  took  stud- 
ies in  the  course  of  Dickinson  College, 
which  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  A. 
M.  in  1872,  and  eight  years  later  gave  him 
the  degree  of  D.  D.  During  his  long  min- 
istry, Dr.  Frysinger  has  filled  the  follow- 
ing stations:  Junior  pastor,  York,  three 
years;  pastor  Mount  Holly  Springs,  two 
years;  Huntingdon  Avenue,  Baltim.ore, 
three  years;  Eighth  Avenue  Church,  Al- 
toona,  one  year;  Jackson  Square  Church, 
Baltimore,  one  year;  and  Emory  Church, 
Carlisle,  three  years.  Impaired  health 
compelled  his  relinquishment  of  regular 
ministerial  work  for  a  time,  and  leaving 
Carlisle  he  became  the  Sunday  school  and 
book  agent  for  the  Central  Pennsylvania 
conference  and  served  in  that  capacity  from 
1872  till  1882,  during  which  time  he  or- 
ganized the  Conference  Book  Room  at 
Harrisburg  and  established  there  in  1875 
the  Pennsylvania  Methodist,  which  he  edi- 


ted for  seven  years.  He  also  continued 
preaching  in  connection  with  his  agency 
and  editorial  duties,  and  in  1882  was  elec- 
ted president  of  Morgan  college  of  Baltic 
more,  an  institution  of  learning  founded  in 
the  interest  of  the  Freedmen,  and  served 
for  six  years,  during  which  period  (1884) 
he  established  an  academy  at  Princess 
Anne,  Maryland,  for  the  benefit  of  the  col- 
ored people.  He  then  rested  for  one  year 
from  all  active  work  on  account  of  his 
health,  and  the  next  year  was  made  editor 
of  the  Baltimore  Methodist,  which  position 
he  resigned  five  years  later,  in  1894,  to  ac- 
cept charge  of  Allison  Memorial  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  of  Carlisle,  which  he  has 
served  acceptably  up  to  the  present  time. 

In  May,  1868,  Dr.  Frysinger  married 
Sarah,  daughter  of  Edwin  Allen,  of 
Newark,  New  Jersey. 

During  the  late  Civil  War,  Dr.  Frysinger 
offered  himself  three  times  as  a  soldier  but 
was  rejected  each  time  on  account  of  his 
youthful  appearance.  Dr.  Frysinger's  la- 
bors are  appreciated  by  his  people  and  he  is 
active  and  earnest  in  every  movement  for 
the  happiness  and  spiritual  growth  of  his 
fellow  men. 

EDWARD  D.  ZIEGLER,  Esq.,  a  lead- 
ing lawyer  of  the  York  County  Bar 
is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Anna  Mary  (Danner) 
Ziegler,  and  was  born  in  Bedford,  Bedford 
County,  Pennsylvania,  on  March  3,  1844. 
He  is  descended  from  an  old  German  fam- 
ily, the  early  record  of  which  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, can  not  easily  be  procured  beyond 
his  proximate  ancestors.  His  grandfather, 
John  Ziegler,  was  a  native  of  Bucks  County 
Pa.  His  father  was  a  minister  of  the 
Reformed  Church,  the  date  of  whose  birth 
is  January  5th,  1809.  The  latter  was  edu- 
cated in  the  schools  of  York  County  and 
obtained  his  collegiate  and  theological  edu- 
cation at  Gettysburg,  Adams  County,  this 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


287 


State,  afterward  devoting  his  life  to  pas- 
toral and  related  work  in  connection  with 
the  religious  body  already  mentioned.  The 
major  portion  of  his  labors  was  confined 
to  Bedford  and  Adams  Counties  and  dur- 
ing his  residence  as  pastor  of  the  Reformed 
Church  in  Bedford,  Edward  D.  Ziegler,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born. 

Edward  D.  Ziegler  received  his  prelimin- 
inary  education  in  the  common  schools 
and  after  receiving  a  thorough  preparation, 
entered  the  collegiate  department  of  Penn- 
sylvania College,  Gettysburg,  Pennsylvania, 
in  the  year  1862,  and  four  years  later  was 
graduated  with  honors.  Immediately  sub- 
sequent to  his  graduation  he  came  to  York 
County  and  was  employed  as  a  teacher  of 
Latin,  English  and  Mathematics  in  the 
York  County  Academy,  which  was  then 
under  the  principalship  of  Professor  George 
W.  Ruby,  Ph.  D.  Here  he  taught  for  two 
years  and  simultaneously  read  law  with 
Henry  L.  Fisher,  Esq.,  at  the  time  the  lead- 
ing criminal  lawyer  of  the  York  County 
Bar.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the 
courts  of  York  County  on  November  4, 
1868,  and  to  the  Supreme  Court  in  1877 
and  other  courts  of  Pennsylvania  later. 
Shortly  after  his  admission,  Mr.  Ziegler  met 
with  signal  success  as  a  criminal  lawyer,  a 
reputation  that  has  been  since  amply  sus- 
tained. 

Entirely  aside,  however,  from  his  crimi- 
nal practice  he  has  a  large  and  varied  cli- 
entage in  Orphan's  Court  and  civil  proced- 
ure. 

In  politics  Mr.  Ziegler  is  a  Democrat  and 
his  initiation  into  the  active  arena  began  in 
1868.  He  was  elected  Clerk  to  the  County 
Commissioners  in  the  year  1871  and  served 
for  a  period  of  two  years  and  during  the 
subsequent  three  years  was  elected  at- 
torney for  the  same  office.  In  1880  he  re- 
ceived the  nomination  and  was  made  the 
candidate  of  his  party  for  the  office  of  Dis- 


trict Attorney  and  in  the  following  cam- 
paign was  duly  elected.  After  serving  with 
distinction  as  the  chief  prosecuting  officer 
of  his  county,  he,  in  1S86,  offered  himself 
as  a  candidate  for  Congress  from  the  19th 
Congressional  District  and  was  defeated  by 
a  very  narrow  margin.  Ten  years  later,  in 
1896,  he  was  made  the  nominee  of  his  party 
for  the  same  office  but  shortly  prior  to  the 
meeting  of  the  conferees,  withdrew  in  favor 
of  Hon.  George  J.  Benner,  of  Adams 
County.  From  boyhood,  almost,  Mr.  Zieg- 
ler has  been  a  devotee  of  the  Democratic 
party  and  there  has  been  no  campaign 
since,  county.  State  or  national,  in  which 
he  has  not  prominently  figured.  He  has 
frequently  been  delegated  to  represent  his 
party  in  State  conventions  and  in  the  spring 
of  1884  was  chosen  as  the  delegate  of  the 
19th  Congressional  District  to  represent  it 
in  the  National  Democratic  Convention, 
which  met  in  Chicago  in  July  of  the  same 
year  and  nominated  Cleveland  and  Hen- 
dricks for  President  and  Vice  President  of 
the  United  States.  He  has  been  a  tireless 
worker  in  the  various  organizations  con- 
nected with  his  party  and  has  been  one  of 
its  ablest  and  wisest  counsellors. 

As  a  lawyer,  Mr.  Ziegler  stands  with  the 
leaders  of  his  profession.  He  is  thoroughly 
familiar  with  the  literature  of  the  law,  tact- 
ful and  resourceful  in  his  conduct  of  a  case, 
possesses  a  thorough  knowledge  of  human 
nature  and  is  alert  to  every  advantage  in  the 
matter  of  procedure.  Personally  he  is  a 
man  of  cultured  and  refined  instincts,  ur- 
bane manner  and  marked  for  his  intense 
earnestness  in  every  cause  which  is  fortu- 
nate enough  to  elicit  his  support. 

On  August  4,  1870,  Mr.  Ziegler  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Sarah  M.  Carman, 
a  daughter  of  Martin  Carman,  of  Lancaster 
county,  Pennsylvania.  To  this  union  have 
been  born  four  children,  three  of  whom  are 
now  living:     Elmer  Dean,  Mabel  A.  and 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Mary  L.  The  former  was  educated  in  the 
York  Collegiate  Institute,  read  law  with  his 
father  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1895. 
He  is  a  young  attorney  of  unusual  talent 
and  much  promise.  Fraternally,  Mr.  Zieg- 
ler  is  a  member  of  the  Independent  Order 
of  Odd  Fellows,  Improved  Order  of  Red 
Men  and  the  Heptasophs.  Religiously  he 
affiliates  with  Heidelberg  Reformed  church 
and  formerly  was  a  member  of  the  consist- 
ery  of  that  body. 

CAPT.  W.  H.  LANIUS,  President  of 
the  York  Trust  and  Real  Estate  and 
Deposit  Company  and  prominently  identi- 
fied with  the  material  development  of  the 
city  of  York  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century, 
is  a  son  of  Henry  and  Angeline  (Miller) 
Lanius.  He  was  born  at  Flushing,  Long 
Island,  November  26th,  1843,  and  is  a  de- 
scendant of  a  sturdy  and  honorable  German 
stock,  the  emigrant  ancestor  of  which  came 
to  this  country  and  settled  in  Eastern  Penn- 
sylvania about  the  year  1731.  This  ancestor 
was  Jacob  Lanius,  who  was  born  at  Meck- 
enheim,  in  the  Palatinate,  Germany,  May 
I2th,  1708.  He  married,  June  13th,  1730, 
Julianna  Kreamer,  who  was  born  in 
Eisenheira,  January  2,  1712,  and  subse- 
quently, in  1 73 1,  came  to  Philadelphia  by 
way  of  Rotterdam,  in  the  ship  "Pennsyl- 
vania Merchant."  Afterward  he  removed 
to  Kreutz  Creek,  where  his  name  is  found 
among  the  taxables  of  Hellam  township,  as 
possessed  of  150  acres  of  land.  In  1763  he 
removed  to  York,  although  together  with 
his  wife,  he  had  been,  since  1752,  connect- 
ed with  the  Moravian  church,  and  his  name 
appears  in  the  lengthy  document  in  Latin, 
deposited  in  the  corner  stone  of  the  first 
church  built  in  York  in  1755.  He  died  in 
York  March  ist,  1778.  Henry,  his  fifth 
child,  continued  to  live  in  Hellam  town- 
ship, where  he  died  September  15th,  1808. 
He  also  was  connected  with  the  Moravian 


church  in  York.  A  brother  of  his,  William, 
went  to  York  with  his  father  and  formed 
part  of  the  guard  that  escorted  the  Conti- 
nental Congress  on  its  return  to  Philadel- 
phia, June  17,  1758.  Christian,  the  first 
child  of  Henry  by  his  second  wife — Eliza- 
beth Kuenzly,  of  Mt.  Joy, — was  born  at 
Kreutz  Creek  September  16,  1773,  and  bap- 
tized in  the  Moravian  church.  He  was  a 
wagon  maker  by  trade  and  resided  in  York, 
where  by  industry  and  thrift  combined  with 
good  business  judgment,  he  accumalated  a 
comfortable  competence  and  was  highly  re- 
spected as  a  public  spirited  citizen.  Pie  was 
prominent  in  the  movement  in  1815  to  in- 
troduce water  into  the  borough  and  was 
one  of  the  first  board  of  nine  managers  that 
met  March  18,  1816.  Wooden  mains  were 
then  used  for  that  purpose.  In  1837,  in  time 
of  financial  depression,  he  originated  the 
movement  for  the  organization  of  the  York 
County  Savings  Institution,  now  the  York 
County  National  Bank,  and  was  elected  its 
first  President,  but  declined  to  serve  in  that 
position.  He  was  married  September  17, 
1797,  to  Anna,  daughter  of  Jacob  and  Bar- 
bara Von  UpdegrafT,  born  in  York,  March 
16,  1774.  They  had  eight  children  who 
reached  mature  estate;  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
Michael  Smyser;  Susan  A.,  wife  of  Jacob 
Weiser;  Benjamin;  Amelia,  wife  of  John 
Fahnestock-  Sarah,  wife  of  Henry  Kauf- 
felt;  Henry;  Magdalen,  wife  of  William  D. 
Himes;  and  Eleanora,  wife  of  E.  C.  Park- 
hurst. 

Henry  Lanius,  father  of  Captain  Lanius, 
was  born  in  York,  September  20,  1809,  and 
died  in  the  same  place  June  26,  1879.  His 
remains  are  interred  in  Prospect  Hill  ceme- 
tery. He  was  a  carpenter  by  trade,  later 
an  extensive  lumber  merchant,  served  sev- 
eral years  as  a  member  of  the  school  board, 
and  was  chief  burgess  of  the  borough  of 
York  in  i860  and  1861.  Politically  he  was 
a  zealous  and  active  Republican,  a  consist- 


Engraved  Qyj  R  R,ce  I  Sot 


Nin:eteenth  Congressional  District. 


ent  member  of  the  Moravian  church  and 
possessed  many  excellent  qualities  of  mind 
and  heart.  He  married  Angeline  Miller,  by 
whom  he  had  ten  children,  eight  of  whom 
grew  to  maturity:  Marcus  C,  deceased; 
Anna  L.,  widow  of  Thomas  Myers;  Capt. 
W.  H.;  Ellen  A.;  Rev.  Charles  C,  de- 
ceased, late  principal  of  the  Moravian 
school  at  Nazareth,  Pennsylvania;  Sarah 
F. ;  Paul,  a  resident  of  Denver,  Colorado; 
and  Susan  H.,  deceased. 

Capt.  W.  H.  Lanius  grew  to  maturity  in 
the  city  of  York,  where  he  obtained  his  ed- 
ucation in  private  schools  and  the  York 
County  Academy.  After  leaving  school  he 
became  a  clerk  in  his  father's  office,  who  at 
that  time  was  engaged  in  the  lumber  busi- 
ness. Eighteen  months  later,  on  August 
25,  1861,  when  but  seventeen  years  of  age, 
he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  87th  Regiment, 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  commanded  by 
Captain  J.  A.  Stable  (Col.  George  Hay  com- 
manding the  regiment),  and  resolved  to 
give  his  youthful  services  toward  the  main- 
tenance of  our  national  integrity  during 
the  great  civil  conflict.  Shortly  after  his 
enlistment  he  was  transferred  to  Company 
I,  of  the  same  regiment,  where  he  became 
orderly  sergeant,  and  by  successive  promo- 
tions rose  to  the  rank  of  Captain  in  com- 
mand of  his  company.  His  commission  as 
Captain  was  issued  June  26,  1864,  and  on 
October  13th,  of  the  same  year  he  was  mus- 
tered out  of  service.  During  his  four  years 
of  military  service  Captain  Lanius  partici- 
pated in  the  following  engagements:  battle 
of  Winchester,  Brandy  Station,  Mine  Run, 
Spottsylvania,  Petersburg,  Opequan,  Kel- 
ley's  Ford,  Locust  Grove,  Wilderness,  Cold 
Harbor,  Monocacy  and  Fisher's  Hill.  He 
was  wounded  at  Monocacy,  July  gth,  1864, 
while  acting  as  Aid  on  the  staff  of  Col. 
Truax,  commanding  the  first  brigade,  third 
division,  6th  Army  Corps. 

After  returning  from  the   war,   Captain 


Lanius  was  made  a  special  officer  of  the 
United  States  Treasury  department,  whose 
duty  was  to  take  charge  of  captured,  con- 
fiscated and  abandoned  property  of  the 
United  States  Government,  and  served  in 
that  capacity  for  a  period  of  6  months.  In 
1865  he  resigned  his  position  and  engaged 
in  the  retail  lumber  business  and  followed 
it  up  to  1871,  in  which  latter  year  he  began 
a  wholesale  business  in  connection  with  it 
at  Wrightsville.  Eight  years  later  he  es- 
tablished a  branch  of  his  lumber  business 
at  Williamsport,  which  was  continued  until 
1 886.  In  December  1884  he  became  the 
chief  promoter  of  the  West  End  Improve- 
ment Company  of  York,  which  in  1890  be- 
came the  present  York  Trust  Real  Estate 
and  Deposit  Company.  This  latter  organi- 
zation assumed  more  extensive  functions 
through  the  act  of  1889,  which  gave  to 
Trust  Companies  authority  to  buy  and  sell 
real  estate.  In  1886  he  became  one  of  the 
organizers  and  President  of  the  York  Street 
Railway  Company,  which  owed  its  organi- 
zation largely  to  the  West  End  Improve- 
ment Company.  In  all  the  above  concerns 
Captain  Lanius  was  the  chief  promoter 
and  one  of  the  directing  heads.  In  addition 
to  his  official  relation  to  the  Street  Railway 
Company  and  York  Trust  Company,  he  is 
a  director  of  the  York  Hotel  Company, 
President  of  the  Baltimore  and  Harrisburg 
Railroad  Company,  (Eastern  Extension,)  a 
trustee  of  the  York  County  Academy,  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the 
York  County  Historical  Society,  first  Presi- 
dent of  the  York  Board  of  Trade,  organized 
in  1886,  and  is  variously  interested  in  a 
number  of  other  concerns  touching  the  ma- 
terial prosperity  and  progress  of  his  city. 

In  political  afifliation.  Captain  Lanius  is  a 
Republican  and  for  a  number  of  years  has 
been  recognized  as  a  tireless  worker  and 
wise  counsellor  within  the  party  organiza- 
tion.      He  has  served  several  terms  as  a 


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Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


member  of  the  borough  and  city  council, 
and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  Na- 
tional Convention,  nominating  Blaine  in 
1884. 

His  earliest  service  for  his  party  was  in 
1866,  when,  at  he  age  of  22  years,  he  or- 
ganized the  York  Republican  Soldier's  Club, 
familiarly  known  as  the  "Boys  in  Blue," 
of  which  he  was  President  for  three  succes- 
sive years.  This  latter  is  one  of  the  oldest 
and  best  known  political  organizations  in 
Southern  Pennsylvania.  Fraternally  he  is 
a  member  of  the  York  Lodge,  No.  266,  Free 
and  Accepted  Masons,  and  of  Sedgwick  Post, 
No.  37,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  Of 
the  latter  organization  he  was  one,  of  the 
charter  members  and  one  of  the  organizers 
in  1867,  and  served  as  its  first  commander. 
Since  its  organization,  he  has  been  dele- 
gated to  represent  the  Post  at  several  State 
and  National  encampments,  viz:  Denver,  in 
1883,  Minneapolis,  in  1884,  and  Portland, 
Maine,  in  1885.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Commandery  of  the  Loyal 
Legion. 

On  January  24,  1867,  Captain  Lanius 
was  united  in  marriage  to  Lucy  Smyser,  a 
daughter  of  Michael  Smyser,  of  York.  To 
their  union  have  been  born  three  children, 
a  son  and  two  daughters:  Mary  S.,  Grace 
A.,  and  Percy  L.,  who  was  married  on  Sep- 
tember 2,  1896,  to  Margaret,  a  daughter  of 
Edward  Stuck,  Esq.,  of  York,  and  is  now 
actively  engaged  with  his  father  in  the  lum- 
ber and  coal  business. 

Captain  Lanius  leads  an  active,  busy  and 
prudent  life.  Besides  possessing  an  un- 
limited capacity  for  successful  organization, 
he  is  also  a  man  of  fine  social  and  intellect- 
ual instincts.  He  is  uniformly  courteous  in 
demeanor,  liberal  in  giving  where  neces- 
sity demands,  public  spirited  in  a  high  de- 
gree, and  at  all  times  animated  with  civic 
and  patriotic  pride.  Among  the  useful  and 
high  minded  citizens  of  the  19th  Congres- 


sional District,  none  stand  higher  than  Cap- 
tain Lanius. 

HIRAM  YOUNG,  the  venerable  editor 
and  publisher  of  the  York  Dis- 
patch, whose  portrait  accompanies  this  bi- 
ographical monograph,  is  descended  from 
Revolutionary  ancestry,  and  wears  in  his 
coat  lappel  the  button  of  the  proud  order 
of  the  "Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolu- 
iton."  Urbane  and  genial,  yet  dignified  and 
impressive,  with  a  personality  that  is  dis- 
tinctively his  own,  he  bears  his  more  than 
three  score  years  with  a  winsome  ease  and 
grace  that  long  since  established  his  popu- 
larity wherever  he  is  known  and  won  for 
him  the  esteem  and  friendship  of  all  worthy 
of  his  consideration.  Possessed  of  a  wond- 
erful fund  of  information,  gleaned  from 
books,  experience  and  observation,  his  cul- 
ture and  fluency  of  speech  render  him  a 
most  deligihtful  companion  and  entertain- 
ing conversationalist.  He  is  a  gentleman  of 
remarkable  energy  and  perseverance  and 
to-day,  after  being  in  the  editorial  harness 
for  a  generation  of  years,  devotes  the  same 
assiduous  and  unremitting  attention  to  his 
newspaper  that  he  did  when  he  made  it 
such  a  power  in  the  "Cause  of  the  Union" 
during  the  dark  period  of  the  rebellion, 
when  it  was  established  for  that  boldly  pro- 
claimed purpose. 

Hiram  Young  was  born  at  Shefferstown, 
Lebanon  County,  Pa.,  May  14,  1830.  He 
is  a  descendant  on  his  mother's  side  of 
Alexander  S'hefifer,  the  founder  of  the  town, 
whose  son.  Captain  Henry  Shefifer,  served 
in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  was  imme- 
diately appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the 
Commonwealth  by  Governor  Thomas  Mif- 
flin at  its  close.  His  maternal  grandfather, 
Frederick  Oberlin,  was  descended  from 
John  Frederick  Oberlin,  of  Ban  de  la 
Roche,  of  Alsace,  who  was  born  at  Stras- 
burg.     Mr.  Young,  having  completed  his 


iA-CVM^-t^, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  iDisTRict. 


2gi 


primary   education   at   the   village   school, 
engaged  in  the  book  trade  at  Lancaster  and 
subsequently  entered  the  high  school  at  that 
place  with  the  intention  of  preparing  for  a 
university  course,  but  this  idea  was  aband- 
oned that  he  might  accept  a  desirable  posi- 
tion in  the  publishing  house  of  Uriah  Hunt 
&  Sons,  and  later  he  occupied  a  responsible 
position  with  Lippincott,  Grambo  &  Co.,  of 
Philadelphia.    After  a  few  years  he  return- 
ed to  Lancaster  and  built  up  the  leading 
book  store  there.     Retiring  from  this  firm 
in  i860,  Mr.  Young  came  to  York  and  in 
company  with  Major  Thomas  Pearce,  a  re- 
tired army  officer,  bought  the  book  store  of 
F.    B.    Spangler,   subsequent  to   that   pro- 
prietor's decease,  and  the  firm  became  pop- 
ular under  the  name  of  Pearce  &  Young. 
This  partnership  was  dissolved  in  1862  and 
Mr.   Young  opened  a  book   store   of   his 
own,  continuing  in  the  business  up  to  1877. 
The  summer  and  fall  of  1863  are  memor- 
able in  the  annals  of  the  country,  but  es- 
pecially of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  more  particularly  of  the  County 
and  City  of  York.     It  was  the  summer  in 
which  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  was  fought, 
and  in  the  fall  occurred  Governor  Curtin's 
second  gubernatorial  campaign.  The  popu- 
lar excitement  in  this  border  county  ran 
high.    The  disloyal  sentiment  of  the  Bour- 
bon  democracy  was  pronounced  and  au- 
dacious.   The  rebel  raiders,  who  had  enter- 
ed York  and  levied  tribute  upon  the  mu- 
nicipality,   had    found    even    sympathizers 
among  the  inhabitants.    At  last  a  loud  and 
general  demand  arose  among  the  loyal  pop- 
ulation for  a  newspaper  that  would  ener- 
getically sustain  the  government  and  the 
cause  of  the  Union.    A  number  of  patriotic 
citizens  after  discussing  the  necessity  and 
canvassing    the    situation,    determined    to 
start  a  paper  that  could  in  no  uncertain  tone 
utter  the  voice  of  the  loyal  and  patriotic 
citizenship  in  support  of  the  government 


and  the  purpose  of  the  war.  Mr.  Young 
was  then  a  member  of  the  Republican  State 
Committee.  There  was  no  question  about 
his  patriotism.  His  ability  or  his  courage, 
and  he  was  active  and  earnest  in  forwarding 
the  work.  He  was  ably  seconded  in  his  ef- 
forts by  Alexander  Underwood,  then  a  citi- 
zen of  York  and  Chairman  of  the  Republi- 
can County  Committee,  now  of  Cumber- 
land County.  The  publication  which  was 
known  as  the  Democrat,  was  little  more 
than  a  campaign  document,  but  a  red  hot 
Republican  sheet,  which  excited  the  fear 
and  denunciation  of  the  Democracy  sym- 
pEthizing  with  the  Southern  cause,  and  was 
received  with  approbation  by  the  loyal  peo- 
ple of  the  community. 

The  political  campaign  of  the  autumn  of 
1863  ended  favorably  for  the  Republicans 
but  the  necessity  for  the  continuance  of  the 
publication  to  strengthen  the  arm  of  the 
government  and  to  overawe  the  bold  front 
of  disloyalty  that  still  existed  in  this  strong- 
hold of  Democracy,  was  clearly  obvious. 
Up  to  this  time  the  Democrat  had  been 
printed  in  Harrisburg.  It  was  now  de- 
termined to  establish  its  publication  in  the 
City  of  York.  A  nominal  stock  company 
was  organized  and  the  requisit*  funds  were 
thus  raised  by  a  popular  subscription,  each 
subscriber,  among  whom  was  Mr. 
Young,  taking  one  or  more  shares  of  stock 
and  subsequently,  at  the  request  of  the  pa- 
triotic citizen  interested,  Hiram  Young 
made  the  necessary  preparations  for  its  pub- 
lication. He  secured  a  press  and  the  other 
printing  material  and  issued  the  initial 
number  of  the  True  Democrat,  on  June  the 
7th,  1864,  by  a  notable  coincidence  on  the 
same  day  that  Abraham  Lincoln  was  nomi- 
nated the  second  time  for  the  Presidency, 
at  Baltimore.  The  paper  at  once  took  a 
high  stand  as  the  exponent  of  true  Repub- 
lican principles,  as  the  supporter  and  de- 
fender of  the  government  and  the  union 


292 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


and  the  friend  of  the  army.  It  was  clear, 
determined  and  fearless  in  its  utterances  and 
its  influence  was  not  confined  to  the  com- 
munity in  which  it  was  published,  but  was 
felt  throughout  the  State  and  across  the 
border.  It  excelled  in  circulation  any 
weekly  newspaper  in  York  county  and  was 
recognized  as  the  leading  Republican  paper 
in  the  county.  Secretary  of  War  Edwin  M. 
Stanton,  soon  recognized  its  services  to  the 
government  and  at  once  extended  it  the 
patronage  of  the  war  department. 

The  True  Democrat  continued  to  grow 
in  power  and  influence  and  to  increase  in 
popular  estecfn  but  its  enterprising  proprie- 
tor with  a  perspicacity  that  has  always  re- 
dounded to  his  business  success,  realized 
that  the  day  had  dawned  for  more  progres- 
sive journalism  in  the  community,  and  on 
the  29th  of  May,  1876,  he  started  the  Dis- 
patch as  a  daily  publication.  York  was  no 
longer  a  village  but  had  become  a  thriving 
and  populous  city.  Mn  Young  at  once 
brought  to  bear  his  wondrous  energy,  cool 
and  impartial  judgment  and  great  news- 
paper ability,  and  soon  the  Dispatch  be- 
came what  it  has  ever  since  remained,  the 
leading  Republican  daily  newspaper  of  the 
county  and  its  potent  influence  is  felt  every- 
where throughout  the  State. 

This  veteran  editor  and  popular  citizen 
was  formerly  a  Douglas  Democrat,  but  the 
last  vote  he  cast  for  a  Democrat  was  for 
the  "Little  Giant."  As  the  great  leader 
would  have  done  had  he  lived,  when  the 
civil  war  broke  out,  he  abandoned  the  party 
that  had  hatched  treason  and  rebellion  and 
at  once  allied  himself  with  the  party  whose 
gospel  wslS  a  united  union  and  the  govern- 
ment of  the  fathers,  and  hastened  to  their 
support.  Never  for  a  moment  has  he 
flinched  in  the  defence  of  the  cardinal  prin- 
ciples of  the  Republican  party  and  he  has 
become  a  power  in  its  councils  in  the  State 
as  well  as  at  Washington  in  framing  its  po- 


licy and  shaping  its  destiny.  For  several 
years  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Repub- 
lican Committee,  where  his  clear  judgment 
and  wonderful  foresight  always  com- 
manded attention  and  consideration.  In  the 
campaign  of  1888,  when  I^Iarrison  was  the 
national  standard  bearer  of  the  Republican 
hosts,  Mr.  Young  led  the  Republican  for- 
lorn hope  in  this  district  as  their  candidate 
for  representative  in  Congress. 

Notwithstanding  the  exacting  require- 
ments of  his  position  as  the  head  of  an  en- 
terprising daily  newspaper,  Mr.  Young  de- 
votes much  time  and  attention  to  agricul- 
tural interests,  and  he  has  become  familiarly 
known  as  the  "Farmer  s  Friend."  Advocat- 
ing a  protective  tariff  for  the  farmers  as 
well  as  for  all  American  interests,  the  to- 
bacco and  sheep  interests  of  the  county  es- 
pecially have  always  found  in  him  a  cham- 
pion and  a  safeguard.  In  1890  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  State  Agricultural  Society 
of  Pennsylvania  a  delegate  to  the  National 
Wool  Growers  Association  and  represented 
the  commonwealth  in  the  National  Conven- 
tion of  this  great  body  at  Washington.  In 
this  capacity  he  appeared  before  the  Ways 
and  Means  Committee  when  Major  McKin- 
ley  was  its  chairman  and  ably  advocated  the 
interests  of  American  wool  growers.  When 
the  Dingley  bill  was  before  the  Ways  and 
Means  Committee  he  again  appeared  in  the 
same  responsible  capacity  and  aided  in 
framing  the  memorial  that  was  presented 
the  committee  by  the  association. 

As  Vice  President  and  member  of  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Agricultural  Society,  he  has  been 
prominent  for  many  years,  and  has  been 
imremitting  in  advancing  the  interests  of 
agriculture  in  the  community  and  in  the 
State. 

Controlling  for  many  years  the  only  or- 
gan of  the  Republican  party  in  York,  he 
has   always    been   consistent,   zealous   and 


'#^ 


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NiN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


293 


earnest  in  support  of  its  candidates.  Withal 
he  has  built  up  a  grand  and  influential  daily 
journal  and  today  has  one  of  the  most  com- 
plete newspaper  plants  in  the  State. 

HON.  GEORGE  W.HEIGES,  lawyer, 
of  York,  Pa.,  was  born  in  the  bor- 
ough of  Dillsburg,  York  County,  Pa., 
May  iSth,  1842.  His  father,  Jacob  Heiges, 
was  a  prominent  chair  manufacturer  of  the 
above  mentioned  county;  his  mother  was 
Elizabeth  (Mumper)  Pleiges,  and  on  both 
the  paternal  and  maternal  sides  he  is  of 
German  extraction.  He  studied  first  in  the 
public  schools  and  also  under  private  tu- 
tors; later  he  completed  a  course  of  aca- 
demic studies,  after  which  he  taught  in  one 
of  the  public  schools  of  his  native  place. He 
was  thus  occupied  for  several  years  in  the 
borough  and  county  schools;  becoming 
subsequently  the  principal  of  the  York  Clas- 
sical and  Normal  Institute ;  later  he  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  principals  of  the  local 
normal  school  and  tutor  in  the  York  Aca- 
demy. Upon  resigning  he  became  deputy 
superintendent  of  the  common  schools  of 
York  county  for  one  year.  After  complet- 
ing the  usual  course  of  legal  studies  he 
passed  his  examination,  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  York  County  in  1867  and  imme- 
diately began  practice. 

His  industry  and  talents  have  won  him 
an  excellent  connection  and  a  high  repu- 
tation at  the  bar.  In  1872  he  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  on  the  D  mocratic  ticket, 
and  re-elected  in  1873.  While  serving  in 
the  legislative  body,  he  was  a  member  of 
the  judiciary,  general  and  local  committees 
of  the  federal  relations  committee,  of  the 
constitutional  committee  and  of  the  judi- 
cial apportionment  committee;  also  of 
various  other  committees  of  less  promi- 
nence and  importance.  During  his  last 
term  he  participated  actively  and  influ- 
entially  in  all  measures  connected  with  the 


more  important  questions  of  the  day,  and 
was  noted  for  his  sound  judgment  and 
prompt  action  under  the  most  trying  cir- 
cumstances. 

He  was  appointed  by  the  Legislature  of 
Pennsylvania  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Auditors,  constituted  to  re-examine  and  re- 
settle the  accounts  of  various  county  ofifi- 
cers,  a  measure  resulting  from  a  reform 
movement  In  his  party,  and  in  which  he  had 
been  prominent. 

As  a  Free  Mason,  he  is  one  of  the  most 
zealous  and  influential  members  of  the  or- 
ganization to  which  he  is  attached,  and  is  a 
Past  Master  of  Zeredatha  Lodge,  No.  451, 
A.  Y.  M. ;  he  is  also  Generalissimo  of  the 
York  Commandery,  No.  21  Knights  Temp- 
lar. 

He  is  a  constant  and  valued  contributor 
to  the  press  of  the  county.  He  has  always 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  political  move- 
ments of  the  State  and  county,  and  especi- 
ally is  warmly  interested  in  matters  con- 
nected with  the  advancement  and  increase 
of  the  public  educational  systems  and  ad- 
vantages. 

Since  his  retirement  from  the  Legislature 
he  has  devoted  his  entire  attention  to  his 
profession,  decfining,  although  repeatedly 
solicited,  to  accept  any  public  position. — 
Taken  from  the  Biographical  Encyclopedia 
of  Pennsylvania.  Galaxy  Publishing  Com- 
pany, Philadelphia,  Pa.,  A.  D.  1874. 

The  subsequent  career  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  may  be  epitomized  as  foflows, 
viz: 

In  November,  1874,  he  was  married  to 
Mary  E.  Gallagher,  daughter  of  the  late 
John  Gallagher,  of  York,  Pa.,  who  emi- 
grated from  County  Donegal,  Ireland,  at 
the  age  of  8  years,  and  in  due  time  was 
naturalized  as  a  citizen  of  the  United  States 
in  the  city  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  became 
a  prominent  merchant  of  that  city  before 
moving  to  York,  Pa. 


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Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


In  the  years  1877,  1878,  and  1879  our 
subject  served,  by  appointment,  as  counsel 
to  two  successive  boards  of  county  com- 
missioner, and  declined  a  re-appointment 
on  the  ground  that  he  had  served  as  long 
as  any  of  his  predecessors  in  the  position, 
the  office  being  quasi-political,  and  there 
being  other  aspirants  for  the  appointment. 
He  was  about  this  time  and  for  several 
years  local  solicitor  for  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Company,  receiving  from  the  gen- 
eral solicitor  of  the  company  a  commenda- 
tory letter  upon  his  retirement.  He  is  also 
and  has  been  for  the  past  twenty  years  local 
attorney  for  the  Dillsburg  and  Mechanics- 
burg  Railroad,  operated  by  the  Cumberland 
Valley  Railroad  Company. 

In  time  Mr.  Heiges  became  a  Past  High 
Priest  of  his  Chapter,  viz.:  Howell 
Royal  Arch  Chapter  of  Masons,  No.  199, 
Pennsylvania,  stationed  at  York,  and  be- 
came also  a  Past  Eminent  Commander  of 
York  Commandery,  No.  21,  of  Knights 
Templar  of  Pennsylvania.  He  is  also  an 
Odd  Fellow,  a  member  of  Continental  As- 
sembly No.  24,  Artisans  Order  of  Mutual 
Protection,  a  member  of  Willis  Council, 
No-  508,  of  the  Royal  Arcanum,  &c.,  &c. 

Mr.  Heiges  was  induced  to  accept,  re- 
luctantly, at  a  crisis,  the  nomination  of  his 
party  in  1885  for  the  office  of  chief  burgess 
cf  the  historic  borough  of  York,  to  which 
office  he  was  elected  by  a  large  majority, 
and  re-elected  in  1886.  Three  years  before 
a  majority  of  the  voters  had  declared  for  a 
city  charter,  which  was  refused  by  the  State 
authorities  on  the  ground  of  non-compli- 
ance with  certain  technicalities  of  the  law. 
In  1886  another  election  was  held  to  ascer- 
tain the  wishes  of  the  voters  on  the  ques- 
tion, the  details  of  the  election  being  care- 
fully supervised  by  Chief  Burgess  Heiges, 
and  whilst  a  large  majority  of  the  voters 
again  voted  for  a  city  charter,  the  granting 
of  a  charter  was  strenuously  opposed  be- 


fore the  State  authorities  by  able  counsel, 
and  as  earnestly  advocated  by  Mr.  Heiges, 
who  demonstrated,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
authorities,  that  all  the  requirements  of  the 
law  had  been  fulfilled,  and  a  charter  was 
obtained,  since  which  time  York  has  be- 
come one  of  the  most  flourishing  towns  of 
the  East. 

Mr.  Heiges  declined  a  nomination  for 
the  mayorality,  preferring  to  be  known  as 
the  last  chief  burgess  of  the  Yorktown  of 
the  North,  where  the  Continental  Congress 
sat  from  the  30th  of  September,  1777,  until 
the  27th  of  June,  1778. 

Mr.  Heiges  has  been  a  member  of  St. 
John's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of 
York,  Pa.,  since  1865,  and  for  many  years 
was  choir  master  of  that  church. 

He  is  also  a  member  of  the  "Lawyers' 
Club,"  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  is  a  member 
of  the  Commercial  Law  League  of  Amer- 
ica; has  been  a  member  of  the  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Bar 
Association,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the 
Membership  Committee  of  said  Associa- 
tion; is  a  member  of  the  American  Aca- 
demy of  Political  and  Social  Science;  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  German 
Society;  a  member  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Forestry  Association;  a  member 
of  the  York  County  Historical  So- 
ciety, &c.,  &c. ;  was  the  member  for  York 
County  for  many  years  of  the  Democratic 
Central  Committee  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
was  elected  for  his  county  in  1891  a  mem- 
ber of  a  proposed  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion to  amend  the  Constitution  of  the  State. 

He  is  and  has  been  for  several  years  past, 
vice-president  of  the  "York  Club,"  the  old- 
est social  organization  in  the  city,  the  mem- 
bership of  which  is  limited  to  forty  gentle- 
men. 

Mr.  Heiges  is  yet  in  the  prime  of  life,  of 
continued  studious  and  industrious  habits, 
capable  of  performing  a  large  amount  of 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


^95 


professional  and  literary  work,  than  which 
which  nothing  affords  him  greater  pleasure. 
He  has  well  equipped  law,  scientific  and  lit- 
erary libraries,  is  an  omniverous  reader  of 
entertaining  and  instructive  works  in  Ger- 
man and  French,  is  familiar  with  Latin  and 
well  read  in  the  English  classics. 

He  does  a  large  collecting  business,  be- 
ing local  correspondent  for  many  responsi- 
ble general  collecting  agencies,  notably,  for 
many  years,  of  the  "Lyon  Furniture  Asso- 
ciation," and  has  an  extensive  Orphans' 
Court  practice. 

An  older  brother,  viz.:  Samuel  Beelman 
Heiges,  is  and  has  been  since  January  ist, 
1894,  chief  of  the  division  of  pomology, 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture. 
At  the  time  of  his  appointment  there  were 
candidates  for  the  position  from  nearly 
every  State  in  the  Union. 

Other  brothers  and  sisters  of  Mr.  Heiges 
were  and  are  as  follows:  John  M.  Heiges, 
the  oldest  of  the  family,  who  died  February, 
A.  D.  1882;  Jacob  D.  Heiges,  D.  D.  S.,  of 
York,  Pa.;  sketches  of  both  of  whom  ap- 
pear in  another  part  of  this  volume;  Maria 
J.  Heiges,  a  much  beloved  sister,  who  died 
October  23d,  1888,  after  an  illness  of  but 
three  days,  from  pneumonia;  and  Ehzabeth 
A.,  intermarried  with  William  N.  Seibert, 
one  of  the  most  prominent  members  of,  if 
not  the  leader  at  the  New  Bloomfield, 
Perry  county,  Pennsylvania,  bar. 

The  father  of  Mr.  Heiges  was  born  in 
Franklin  township,  York  county.  Pa.,  De- 
cember i6th,  A.  D.  1800,  and  died  January 
14th,  A.  D.  1866,  after  an  illness  of  five 
days,  from  pneumonia.  Mr.  Heiges' 
mother  was  born  in  Carroll  township,  York 
county,  Pa.,  December  8th,  A.  D.  1805, 
and  died  after  a  brief  illness,  September 
9th,  A.  D.  1886,  at  the  advanced  age  of 
nearly  eighty-one  years.  Her  parents, 
John  Mumper  and  Jane  Beelman  Mumper, 


died  in  the  sixties  at  the  advanced  age,  re- 
spectively, of  81  and  82  years. 

Two  children  have  been  born  to  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Heiges,  the  elder,  a  dearly  beloved 
daughter,  Helen  Days  Heiges,  who  died 
March  ist,  1896,  aged  20  years.  Miss 
Heiges  was  a  beautiful  and  lovable  girl  who 
by  her  sweet  character  and  her  ever  readi- 
ness to  please  and  help  others  had  endeared 
herself  to  a  very  large  circle  of  friends.  She 
was  very  prominent  in  York  society,  par- 
ticularly in  musical  circles,  she  being  an  ac- 
complished pianist,  and  having  studied  at 
the  Peabody  Institute,  Baltimore,  after  grad- 
uating with  first  honors  from  the  York 
High  School  in  the  class  of  1892.  Her 
death  was  a  great  shock  to  all  who  knew 
her,  and  the  sympathy  of  all  went  out  to 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Heiges  in  their  bereavement. 

Their  only  remaining  child  is  a  son, 
Stuart  Sprigg  Heiges,  who  was  born  No- 
vember i2th,  1882,  and  has  just  completed 
his  second  year  at  the  York  Collegiate  In- 
stitute. 

R  HATHAWAY  SHINDEL,  the  cap- 
•  able  and  efficient  cashier  of  the  City 
Bank,  of  York,  is  the  eldest  son  of  Jacob 
G.,  and  Abigail  (Hathaway)  Shindel,  and 
was  born  at  Selins  Grove,  Snyder  county, 
Pennsylvania,  September  29th,  1850.  Hon. 
Jacob  G.  Shindel  is  of  German  descent  and 
is  a  native  of  Northumberland  county,  born 
in  the  year  1818.  He  was  educated  and 
spent  the  earlier  years  of  his  life  in  his 
native  county.  Subsequently  he  removed 
to  Selins  Grove,  Snyder  county,  arid  en- 
gaged in  general  mechandising  for  a  time, 
but  later  engaged  in  the  drug  business,  in 
which  he  has  since  continued..  He  is  an 
old  time  Democrat,  but  being  a  man  of 
unusual  popularity  was  elected  associate 
judge  on  the  Democratic  ticket  in  a  county 
strongly  Republican.  He  was  one  of  the 
stalwart  men  of  his  county,  useful  in  both 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


public  and  private  life.  He  married  Abi- 
gail Hathaway  whose  father,  Reuben  Hath- 
away, was  of  English  descent  and  resided 
in  Snyder  county.  This  union  was  pro- 
ductive of  three  children,  two  sons  and  a 
daughter:  R.  Hathaway,  subject;  James  C, 
Lutheran  clergyman,  Lancaster,  Ohio;  and 
Susan,  wife  of  Simon  L.  Kamp,  a  resident 
of  Ridley  Park,  Delaware  county. 

R.  Hathaway  Shindel  grew  to  manhood 
in  his  native  village,  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools  and  the  mission- 
ary institute  now  known  as  Susquehanna 
University,  and  then  became  a  clerk  in  his 
father's  drug  store,  where  he  remained  for 
six  years.  Leaving  the  drug  store  he  was 
appointed  station  agent  at  Selins  Grove  for 
the  Lewistown  and  Sunbury  R.  R.  Com- 
pany, whose  service  he  left  some  years  later 
to  enter  the  Snyder  county  bank  as  teller. 
He  was  subsequently  promoted  to  the  posi- 
tion of  cashier  and  served  in  that  capacity 
until  1876,  when  he  removed  to  York  and 
became  bookkeeper  in  the  First  National 
Bank,  of  that  city,  which  he  held  until  the 
year  1887.  In  that  year  the  City  bank,  of 
York,  was  organized,  and  he  was  elected 
to  his  present  position  in  that  institution. 
During  his  many  years  of  service,  Mr. 
Shindel  has  been  a  careful  student  of  bank- 
ing institutions  and  systems,  and  has 
proved  himself  a  careful  and  painstaking 
official.  He  is  recognized  as  a  conserva- 
tive financier,  a  man  of  undoubted  integrity 
and  ample  mental  equipment.  After  com- 
ing to  York  he  interested  himself  in  a  num- 
ber of  its  business  enterprises  outside  of 
the  bank  with  which  he  is  connected,  pre- 
ferring to  aid  the  progress  of  home  indus- 
try and  home  enterprise,  even  when  it 
seemed  more  advantageous  to  indulge  in 
foreign  investments.  He  is  a  stockholder 
in  the  York  Safe  and  Lock  Company,  a 
stockholder  and  director  of  the  York  Tele- 
phone  Company,   and   a   stockholder   and 


treasurer  of  the  Westinghouse  Electric 
Light  Company,  and  other  lesser  concerns. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  Fraternity 
in  high  standing  and  also  of  several  secret 
and  beneficial  organizations,  among  which 
may  be  mentioned  the  Junior  Order  United 
American  Mechanics  and  the  Benevolent 
and  Protective  Order  of  Elks. 

In  December,  1872,  Mr.  Shindel  was 
married  to  Mary  B.  Hummel,  a  daughter 
of  L.  R.  Hummel,  of  Selins  Grove,  Snyder 
county.  Mrs.  Shindel  died  in  August, 
1880,  and  two  years  later  Mr.  Shindel  wed- 
ded Lizzie  M.  Schall,  a  daughter  of  Jacob 
D.  Schall,  president  of  the  First  National 
bank,  of  York.  In  matters  of  religion  he 
has  always  been  an  adherent  of  the  faith, 
and  is  an  active  member  of  the  Episcopal 
church,  of  which  organization,  in  York,  he 
is  a  vestryman  and  treasurer.  In  politics 
he  has  always  given  a  warm  and  cordial 
support  to  the  Republican  party.  Under 
the  first  city  charter  of  York,  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  common  council,  and  in 
1889,  the  additional  honor  of  city  treas- 
urer was  conferred  on  him.  After  serving 
one  year  as  city  treasurer,  the  law  then  reg- 
ulating the  election  of  city  officials  in  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania  was  declared  uncon- 
stitutional, and  after  the  requisite  legal 
change  was  made,  he  was  renominated  and 
elected  for  a  term  of  three  years  under  the 
declared  constitutional  requirements.  Mr. 
Shindel  is  President  of  the  Sixth 
Ward  Republican  club,  and  was  made 
vice  presiden*  of  the  Republican  State 
League,  when  it  met  at  York  in 
1895,  and  again  in  1896,  when  that 
body  convened  in  Erie,  Pennsylvania. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  Na- 
tional convention,  which  met  at  St.  Louis, 
Missouri,  in  June,  1896,  and  was  an  ardent 
supporter  of  Major  William  McKinley,  the 
successful  candidate  for  President.  Mr. 
Shindel  has   taken  an   intelligent  and   far 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


297 


reaching  interest  in  the  recent  campaign  of 
his  county  and  State,  is  well  informed  upon 
financial  and  economic  questions  and  has 
been  solicited  by  his  friends  to  present  him- 
self for  State  Treasurer,  an  office  for  which 
he  is  amply  qualified,  both  in  point  of  prac- 
tical business  ability  and  personal  charac- 
ter. He  was  one  of  the  Republican  elec- 
tors of  Pennsylvania  who  elected  Major 
William  McKinley  President  of  the  United 
States. 

REV.  ABRAHAM  G.  FASTNACHT, 
pastor  of  the  Union  Evangelical 
Lutheran  church,  of  York,  was  born  in 
Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania,  June  30th, 
1845.  He  is  a  son  of  Jehu  and  Mattie 
Fastnacht,  both  natives  and  lifelong  resi- 
dents of  Lancaster  county.  After  a  thor- 
ough preparation,  Mr.  Fastnacht  entered 
Pennsylvania  College  at  Gettysburg,  Penn- 
sylvania, from  which  he  was  graduated  in 
the  year  1870.  Immediately  following  he 
entered  the  Lutheran  Theological  Semi- 
nary at  the  same  place,  graduating  in  1873. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  East 
Pennsylvania  Synod  in  1872  and  ordained 
by  the  West  Pennsylvania  Synod  of  the 
Lutheran  Church  in  the  year  1873.  His 
first  call  was  received  from  the  charge  at 
Mt.  Holly  Springs  and  Boiling  Springs, 
Cumberland  county,  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  remained  as  pastor  until  the  year  1875, 
when  he  resigned  on  account  of  failing 
health  and  removed  to  Gettysburg,  Adams 
county.  Here  he  was  employed  for  some 
months  by  the  Board  of  Publication  of  his 
church,  and  his  health  having  improved  in 
the  meantime,  he  accepted  a  call  from  the 
Union  Evangelical  Lutheran  church,  of 
York,  Pennsylvania,  in  1877.  Since  that 
date  he  has  been  a  devoted  and  courageous 
servant  of  his  church  and  his  faith  in  that 
city. 

The  church  of  which  Rev.  Fastnacht  is 


pastor  was  organized  in  1859,  and  in  the 
same  year  was  erected  on  Market  street, 
near  Penn,  a  house  of  worship,  which  has 
been  improved  and  enlarged  until  it  is  now 
a  tasteful  edifice  with  a  seating  capacity  of 
about  six  hundred.  During  the  pastorate 
of  Rev.  Fastnacht,  this  church  has  in- 
creased in  membership  from  about  three 
hundred  to  almost  seven  hundred ;  while  the 
Sunday  school  has  grown  to  an  aggregate 
of  over  six  hundred  members. 

On  June  loth  1873,  Rev.  Fastnacht  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Mary  Emily  War- 
ren, daughter  of  Hiram  Warren,  of  Gettys- 
burg, this  State.  They  have  three  children, 
a  son  and  two  daughters:  Allie  Estella, 
Edmund  W.,  and  Minnie  M. 

For  twenty  years  Rev.  Fastnacht  has 
preached  to  increasing  congregations  at 
York,  and  his  labors,  from  a  moral  and 
spiritual  point  of  view,  have  been  crowned 
with  gratifying  success.  He  has  been  hon- 
ored with  official  positions  in  the  higher 
assemblies  of  his  church,  was  president  of 
the  West  Pennsylvania  Synod  and  was  dele- 
gated by  that  body  as  a  representative  to  the 
General  Synod  of  the  United  States.  For 
several  years  he  has  been  a  trustee  of  the 
York  County  Academy  and  the  Tressler 
Orphans'  Home  at  Loysville,  Pa.  Nothing 
more  laudable  can  be  said  of  Rev.  Fast- 
nacht than  that  he  has  given  the  best  years 
of  his  life  to  aid  the  moral  growth  and  the 
spiritual  unfolding  of  his  fellow  man. 

HENRY  CLAY  WHITING,  Ph.  D., 
professor  of  Latin  in  Dickinson 
College,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  is  a  son  of  Samuel 
and  Mary  (Keeney)  Whiting,  and  was  born 
at  Speedville,  Tompkins  county.  New 
York,  March  27,  1845.  The  Whitings  are  of 
English  origin  and  are  decended  from  three 
brothers  who  left  England  on  account  of  re- 
ligious persecution  and  came  to  this  coun- 
try   at    an    early    day.       One    located    in 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Boston,  the  second  settled  in  Virginia,  and 
the  third  made  a  home  for  himself  in 
the  far  South.  Dr.  Whiting  is  a  member 
of  the  Boston  branch  of  the  Whiting  fam- 
ily and  his  grandfather,  Samuel  Whiting, 
removed  from  Boston  to  Speedville,  New 
York,  where  he  continued  to  reside  until 
his  death,  which  occurred  in  1851,  at  the 
age  of  sixty-seven  years.  His  son,  Samuel 
Whiting,  was  the  eldest  of  a  large  family  of 
children  and  first  saw  the  light  of  day  in 
Boston,  on  March  6,  1816.  He  removed  to 
New  York,  and  became  a  leading  business 
man  there,  where  he  died  November  6, 
1875.  He  was  an  active  Methodist  and 
temperance  man,  being  a  trustee  and  one 
of  the  chief  officials  of  his  church  and  a 
leading  and  influential  member  of  his 
Lodge, Sons  of  Temperance.  Mr.  Whiting 
married  Mary  Keeney,  who  was  a  daughter 
of  William  Keeney,  of  Speedville,  New 
York,  and  passed  away  June  16,  1848,  aged 
24  years,  leaving  two  children:  Dr.  Henry 
Clay  and  Josephine  G.,  who  married  Daniel 
Smith  and  is  now  dead. 

Dr.  Whiting  was  thrown  upon  his  own  re- 
sources during  his  youthful  days  and  after 
attending  Oswego  and  Ithaca  Academies 
he  entered  Union  College,  Schenectady,  N. 
Y.,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  the 
class  of  1867.  Leaving  college  he  served  as 
principal  of  Franklin  Academy,  Prattsburg, 
New  York,  for  one  year,  and  of  the  classi- 
cal department  of  the  Schenectady  Union 
schools  for  two  years  and  then  entered 
Drew  Theological  Seminary. 

In  this  institution  (Drew)  he  also  served 
as  Adj-Professor  of  Ancient  Language  for 
four  years  at  Madison,  New  Jersey,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  1873.  After 
graduation  he  served  as  professor  of  an- 
cient languages  in  Centenary  Collegiate  In- 
stitute of  Hackettstown,  New  Jersey,  from 
1874  to  1878,  as  vice-president  of  Penning- 
ton Seminary,  of  Pennington,  New  Jersey, 


for  one  year,  and  in  June,  1879,  was  elected 
Professor  of  Latin  and  German  in  Dickin- 
son College,  CarHsle,  Pennsylvania.  Four 
years  later  he  was  elected  Professor 
of  Latin  alone  and  has  brought  his 
department  up  to  a  high  standard  of 
efficiency  and  excellence.  Dr.  Whiting  was 
graduated  from  Ithaca  Academy  and  while 
at  Union  College  was  a  member  of  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  and  Psi  Upsilon  Societies  and 
President  of  the  Philomethean  Society,  be- 
sides serving  as  editor  of  the  Union  College 
magazine  and  acting  as  captain  of  its  base 
ball  nine.  He  has  served  since  1885  as 
treasurer  of  Dickinson  College.  In  1886 
he  formed  the  first  chapter  there  of  the  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  Society  in  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  became  the  President. 

On  November  21,  1867  Dr.  Whiting  mar- 
ried Mary  Louise  Freeman,  a  daughter  of 
J.  R.  Freeman,  of  Schenectady,  New  York, 
and  to  their  union  have  been  born  six  chil- 
dren: Henry  F.,  adjunct  professor  of  Latin 
and  Mathematics  in  Dickinson  College; 
Leonora;  Earl,  deceased;  Helen;  Mabel, 
deceased,  and  Paul. 

Dr.  Whiting  is  a  member  of  St.  John's 
Lodge,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  and 
is  interested  in  the  Lindner  Shoe  Com- 
pany, which  he  helped  to  organize  in  1892, 
and  of  which  he  served  as  president  and 
tieasurer  for  some  time.  He  is  a  trustee 
and  steward  of  Allison  Memorial  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  church  of  Carlisle,  and  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Central  Pennsyl- 
vania Conference.  Dr.  Whiting  aside  from 
his  immediate  collegiate  duties  has  written 
much  of  interest  and  usefulness.  He  is  the 
author  of  an  edition  of  "Seneca's  Morals," 
published  by  Harper  Brother  in  1875,  and 
has  besides  contributed  several  articles  to 
McClintock  and  Strong's  Theological  En- 
cyclopedia. He  furnishes  numerous  articles 
to  the  general  press.  Dr.  Whiting  received 
the  degree  of  A.  B.  from  Union  College  in 


NiKETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


299 


1867,  the  degree  of  B.  D.  from  Drew  Theo- 
logical Seminary  in  1873,  and  that  of  Ph. 
D.,  froiTi  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  university, 
in  the  Centennial  year  of  the  Republic. 

BF.  SPANGLER,  M.  D.,  one  of  the 
•  older  and  most  prominent  physi- 
cians of  York,  is  a  son  of  Rudolph  and 
Sarah  (Harbaugh)  Spangler,  and  was  born 
in  Jackson  township,  York  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, February  21,  1844.  The  Spangler 
family  is  one  of  the  prolific  and  most  in- 
dustrious in  Southern  Pennsylvania,  every 
generation  of  which  has  been  represented 
by  many  excellent  business  and  profes- 
sional men.  Rudolph  Spangler  was  a  son 
of  Henry  Spangler,  and  died  1 85 1.  He  had 
been  a  consistent  member  of  the  German 
Reformed  church  from  early  life  and  was 
an  exemplar  of  diligence  and  honest}' — 
worthy  of  imitation.  He  married  Sarah 
Harbaugh,  a  daughter  of  Jacob  Harbaugh. 
She  was  a  native  of  York  county,  born  on 
February,  1807,  and  is  still  living.  To  this 
union  were  born  eleven  children,  among 
whom  are  the  following:  Dr.  Benjamin 
F.,  subject;  Edward  W.,  attorney-at-law, 
York;  Dr.  Jacob  R.,  a  practicing  physician, 
of  York. 

B.  F.  Spangler  was  reared  on  his  father's 
farm,  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools  and  the  York  County  Academy, and 
served  in  a  mercantile  establishment,  in  a 
clerical  capacity,  until  August  7th, 1862.  At 
the  age  of  18  years  he  enlisted  in  Company 
K,  130th  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teers, anB  went  to  the  front  during  the  civil 
war  in  the  defense  of  our  country.  He  par- 
ticipated in  the  battles  of  Antietam,  Fred- 
ericksburg andChancellorsvi.le.  He  was  pro- 
moted to  4th  sergeant  during  his  term  of 
service  and  was  honorably  discharged  in 
May,  1863.  Upon  his  return  from  the  army 
he  spent  one  year  in  the  pursuit  of  special 
studies  at  the  York  County  Academy,  and 


then  took  a  full  course  of  training  in  busi- 
ness at  Eastman  Business  College  at 
Poughkeepsie,  New  York. 

After  the  completion  of  this  course  he 
went  to  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  where  he 
engaged  in  the  life  and  fire  insurance  busi- 
ness for  a  short  time,  and  then  returned  to 
York.  Here  he  read  medicine  under  the 
preceptorship  of  Dr.  Charles  M.  Nes,  and 
entered  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Phila- 
delphia, from  which  he  was  graduated  in 
March,  1868.  He  then  returned  to  York, 
where  he  opened  an  office  and  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  He  steadily  rose 
in  the  ranks  of  the  medical  fraternity  to  a 
position  of  prominence  and  honor  and  now 
ranks  among  the  leading  members  of  his 
profession. 

On  November  12,  1868,  Dr.  Spangler  was 
married  to  Ada  E.  Nes,  a  daughter  of  Hon. 
Henry  Nes,  M.  D.,  one  of  the  leading  pub- 
lic men  of  Southern  Pennsylvania,  whose 
sketch  appears  elsewhere  in  this  volume. 
To  this  union  five  children  were  born,  of 
whom  two  are  living,  viz.:  Theresa  J.,  and 
Chauncey  K.,  the  latter  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Waltman  &  Spangler. 

During  the  course  of  his  professional  life 
Dr.  Spangler  has  taken  an  active  part  in 
many  of  the  movements  for  the  advance- 
m.ent  of  the  profession  of  medicine.  He  has 
been  a  member  for  many  years  of  the  York 
County  Medical  Society,  with  which  he  has 
been  frequently  connected  in  an  ofiicia!  ca- 
pacity. Some  years  ago,  however,  he  left 
that  body  and  identified  himself  v/ith  the 
Medico-Pathological  Society  which  dis- 
solved in  1896,  and  afterwards  was  again 
elected  a  member  of  the  former  Medical 
Society.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania State  Medical  and  National  Medical 
Societies,  served  on  the  board  of  medical 
examiners  for  pensions  during  Harrison's 
administration,  and  has  been  variously  hon- 
ored  as   a   professional    man   and    citizen. 


3O0 


Biographical  and  Portr.'Mt  Cyclopedia. 


Aside  from  his  professional  interests  Dr. 
Spangler  has  been  a  factor  in  financial  and 
other  business  concerns  of  his  city.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  in  May,  1883,  of 
the  Drovers'  and  Mechanics'  National  Bank 
of  York,  and  in  its  directory  for  several 
years.  Tv^^o  years  ago,  1894,  he  was  re- 
elected to  a  directorship,  and  is  now  serving 
in  that  capacity.  He  is  a  Republican  in 
politics,  a  member  of  General  Sedgwick 
Post  No.  37,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic, 
and  bears  the  stamp  of  an  active  energetic 
and  useful  citizen.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Spangler 
are  members  of  the  First  Presbyterian 
church,  of  York. 

REV.  W.  S.  VAN  CLEVE,  a  promi- 
nent and  hard-working  minister  of 
the  Presbyterian  church  at  Gettysburg,  is 
the  son  of  Obadiah  and  Charity  (Reese) 
Van  Cleve,  and  was  born  June  i8th,  1835, 
near  Waynesburg,  Green  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania. The  family  is  of  Dutch  lineage,  hav- 
ing originated  in  Holland.  The  latter  gen- 
erations were,howev?r,born  in  this  country. 
William  Van  Cleve,  the  paternal  grand- 
father of  our  subject  was  a  native  of  New 
Jersey,  and  married  Cassey  Townsend,  of 
Delaware,  in  1790.  The  father  was  born 
near  Mercersburg,  in  Franklin  county, 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  close  reader  and 
though  he  never  had  any  other  than  a  com- 
mon school  education  developed  into  a  well 
informed  man.  He  was  fond  of  books  and 
reading,  and  was  endowed  with  more  than 
ordinary  natural  ability.  He  was  a  farmer 
by  occupation  in  Green  county  where  he 
lived,  and  followed  that  occupation  most  of 
his  life.  Though  he  was  in  later  life  a  Re- 
publican he  was  in  earlier  life  a  Democrat, 
the  late  Civil  war  changing  his  political 
opinions.  Before  that  change,  however,  he 
acquired  sufificient  prominence  in  Demo- 
cratic councils  to  secure  the  nomination  and 
election  to  the  county  treasureship.       He 


then  gave  up  farming  and  moved  to  the 
county  seat,  where  he  remained  up  to  near 
the  time  of  his  death.  Mr.  Van  Cleve  was  a 
member  and  elder  of  the  Presbyterian 
church  at  Waynesburg  for  over  40  years. 
He  was  one  of  those  quiet,  unostentatious 
men  who  think  and  act  with  calm  and  de- 
liberate and,  as  a  rule,  the  best  of  judg- 
ment. 

He  was  married  in  1821  to  Charity, 
daughter  of  William  Reese,  of  Green 
county.  Pa.  They  had  five  children:  John 
H.;  Katharine,  widow  of  Madison  Moore; 
W.  S. ;  Mary,  wife  of  Samuel  Clevemyer, 
and  Elizabeth,  deceased. 

The  father  died  February  22nd,  1873,  and 
the  mother  February  14th,  1874. 

Our  subject  began  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Green  county  and  gradu- 
ated from  Waynesboro  College  in  class  of 
'61.  He  fitted  himself  for  the  ministry  at 
Allegheny  Seminary,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  the  class  of  '64,  and  was  or- 
dained by  the  Washington  Presbytery.  He 
received  his  first  call  from  the  Presbyterian 
church  at  Niles,  Ohio,  but  owing  to  a  ser- 
ious illness  he  did  not  remain  there.  When 
in  better  heatlh,  he  took  a  charge  and  was 
installed  pastor  of  the  church  at  Frankfort 
Springs,  Beaver  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  remained  two  years  and  then  came 
to  Gettysburg,  his  present  home.  He  has 
been  here  twenty-eight  years  and  in  that 
time  has  labored  faithfully  to  build  up  the 
Lower  Marsh  creek  and  Great  Conewago 
churches.  These  churches  are  among  the 
oldest  in  the  Presbytery  of  Carlisle.  Rev. 
Mr.  Van  Cleve  is  a  Republican  in  politics, 
but  is  of  a  liberal  disposition  in  the  exercise 
of  his  franchise  and  makes  it  a  rule  to  vote 
for  "the  best  man"  in  local  elections.  In  1864 
he  married  Anna,  daughter  of  Ebenezer 
McClormic,  of  lovi'a  City.  They  have  seven 
children:  James  R.,  of  Kansas  City,  travel- 
ing salesman  for  the  Standard  Implement 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


301 


Company;  William  C,  druggist  at  Gettys- 
burg; Carrie  H.;  Annie  M.,  deceased; 
Robert  M.,  deceased;  Mary  D.,  and  Eliza- 
beth C. 

ROBERT  L.  JONES.  That  America 
possesses  many  advantages  for  men 
of  energy  and  comprehensive  ability,  is  well 
illustrated  by  the  very  successful  career  of 
Robert  L.  Jones,  of  Delta,  Pennsylvania, 
wnc  was  born  at  Penmachnoshire,  Carnar- 
von, Wales,  1841,  and  emigrated  to  the 
United  States  in  i860.  His  parents  were 
natives  of  Wales  and  never  left  that  coun- 
try. Of  the  six  children,  however,  four 
came  to  America,  the  eldest,  of  whom  is 
John  W.,  who  arrived  here  in  1857  and 
engaged  in  the  slate  business  in  West  Ban- 
gor, where  he  now  lives.  Three  years  later 
the  third  oldest  member  of  the  family  and 
subject  of  our  sketch  came  oiver  from 
Wales,  and  in  1888  their  sister,  Mrs.  Rich- 
ard Roberts,  and  her  husband,  crossed  the 
ocean  and  have  made  Delta  their  home. 
The  second  child,  Mrs.  Richard  Jones, came 
over  in  1890  and  now  resides  in  South  Del- 
ta, and  the  next  younger  member,  William 
Penn,  who  is  now  superintendent  of  the 
slate  quarries,  owned  by  ouf  subject,  Rob- 
ert L.,  emigrated  in  1886. 

Robert  L.  Jones  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Wales  where  he  also 
learned  the  slate  business  when  he  became 
old  enough  to  work  in  the  quarries  where 
his  father  was  employed  as  a  quarrymen. 
Like  his  elder  brother  he  at  first  located  in 
West  Bangor  where  he  worked  at  his  trade 
as  a  laborer  in  the  slate  works  until  1862, 
when  our  country  was  threatened  with  dis- 
memberment and  plunged  into  the  horrors 
of  war.  True  to  the  impulses  of  the  land  of 
liberty  which  had  become  his  adopted  coun- 
try, he  enlisted  in  August  1862  in  Company 
A,  3d  Pennsylvania  heavy  artillery,  at  Phil- 
adelphia, determined  to  lay  down  his  life  if 


necessary  to  defend  the  sacred  rights  of 
man.  He  was  SQon  promoted  from  the 
rank  of  private  to  that  of  sergeant  and  was 
detached  to  gun  boat  Schrapnell  artillery 
duty,  doing  picket  and  scouting  service  in 
Virginia,  and  North  Carohna  during  the 
years  1864  and  1865.  In  June  of  the  lat- 
ter year  he  was  honorably  discharged  at 
Fortress  Monroe,  Virginia,  having  done  his 
duty  bravely  in  the  time  of  danger. 

When  he  returned  from  the  war  he  again 
resumed  his  work  in  the  slate  quarries  at 
West  Bangor  and  continued  in  the  capacity 
of  employee  until  i867,when  he  in  company 
with  four  others  began  to  operate  a  quarry 
on  their  own  account.  At  first  their  works 
were  not  extensive  but  from  small  begin- 
nings the  interests  of  the  business  have 
grown  little  by  little  until  now  Mr.  Jones 
is  the  largest  quarry  operator  in  the  whole 
district.  After  working  this  first  quarry  for 
seven  years  Mr.  Jones  sold  his  interest  to 
the  other  four  and  leased  the  old  big  quarry 
at  Peach  Bottom  and  has  since  controlled 
its  output.  It  now  employs  thirty  men  and 
has  been  drained  by  a  tunnel  extending  850 
feet  through  a  surrounding  chain  of  hills 
which  was  constructed  in  1895  at  a  cost  ot 
$5,000,  and  has  greatly  facilitated  the  work. 

In  company  with  F.  R.  Williams  in  1 891, 
Mr.  Jones  purchased  the  lease  of  the  Eu- 
reka and  Susquehanna  Slate  companies  and 
formed  a  joint  stock  association,  the  Ex- 
celsior Slate  Company,  of  which  Mr.  Jones 
was  elected  President  and  general  manager, 
which  trust  he  still  holds.  This  company 
employs  at  present  forty  hands.  Besides  his 
interest  in  the  two  large  slate  quarries  he  is 
the  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  Jones  and 
McConkey,  large  dealers  in  general  mer- 
chandise, and  is  also  a  director  of  the  First 
National  Bank  since  1890,  when,  with  his 
assistance,  it  was  successfully  organized.  In 
local  politics,  though  never  having  accepted 
a  public  office  other  than  township  auditor, 


302 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


he  exercises  a  wide  influence;  he  is  a  Re- 
publican. 

In  religious  and  fraternal  circles  he  is  an 
active  member  and  has  been  choir  leader 
for  twenty-five  years  in  the  Welsh  Calvi- 
nistic  church,  and,  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Esdraclon  Lodge,  No.  176,  Ancient  Order 
of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons. 

August  15,  1870,  he  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Isabella  Roberts,  daughter  of 
John  and  Isabella  Roberts,  of  Wales.  His 
family  consists  of  five  children,  whose  names 
given  in  order  of  birth  are,  Emma,  John, 
Ilayden,  Arthur,  Isabella  and  Idris,  who  are 
at  present  all  residing  with  their  parents, 
where  they  easily  and  gracefully  sustain  the 
high  position  in  local  society  which  their 
father's  successful  and  honorable  career  in 
business  and  other  circles  has  won  for  him- 
self and  his  family. 


OHNSTON  MOORE,  one  of  the  larg- 
est landed  proprietors  of  Cumberland 
county,  is  a  worthy  descendant  of  the 
old  and  honored  families  of  colonial  days 
arici  Revolutionary  service.  The  Moores 
are  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  James  Moore, 
the  original  settler,  born  March  17,  1695, 
died  June  i8th,  1767,  came  from  County 
Tyrone,  Ireland,  to  Maryland  with  Lord 
Baltimore.  Soon  after  landing  he  came  to 
Pennsylvania  and  purchased  several  thou- 
sand acres  of  land  on  the  Yellow  Breeches 
creek  from  John  Penn  and  others.  He  was 
a  man  of  wealth  and  education,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Presbyterian  church.  The  chil- 
dren of  James  and  Agnes  Moore  were  Judge 
William,  James,  J.,  John  Robert,  Jean,  Ag- 
nes and  Mary.  John  Moore,  the  grand- 
father of  Johnston  Moore,  was  born  1740 
and  died  1822.  He  was  a  gentleman  and 
farmer  and  served  as  an  officer  under 
Wayne  at  Paoli  and  Washington  at  Valley 
Forge. 

He  married  Eleanor  Thompson,  who  was 


also  of  Scotch-Irish  descent,  born  1746, 
died  1817;  their  sons  were  James  John, 
an  able  lawyer,  who  practiced  in  Lancaster, 
Robert,  William  and  Thompson. 

James  Moore  was  born  1765  and  died 
1813.  He  married  Nancy  Johnston  of  An- 
trim township,  Franklin  county,  who  died 
in  1823,  aged  54  years.  They  had  two  chil- 
dren: Johnston,  born  September  5th,  1809, 
at  Mooredale,  Cumberland  county,  and 
John,  w-ho  died  in  infancy.  Mrs.  Moore  was 
of  Scotch-Irish  descent,  and  a  member  of 
the  celebrated  Johnston  family  Dumfree- 
shire,  Scotland.  Her  grandfather,  James 
Johnston  came  from  County  Antrim,  Ire- 
land, to  Pennsylvania,  in  1735,  and  died  in 
1765,  near  Greencastle,  Franklin  county, 
where  he  owned  a  large  tract  of  land.  He 
left  four  sons.  Colonel  Thomas,  Colonel 
James,  Dr.  Robert  and  John.  Colonels 
Tames  and  Thomas  served  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary army,  and  the  latter,  who  was  at 
PaoH  under  Wayne,  died  in  1819  at  Moore- 
dale, the  home  of  his  daughter,Mrs.  Moore, 
in  Cumberland  county.  Dr.  Robert  Johnston, 
grand  uncle  of  Johnston  Moore,  was  well 
acquainted  with  Washington  and  Lafay- 
ette; served  from  Boston  to  Yorktown  as 
surgeon  and  afterward  located  in  Franklin 
county,  where  he  practiced  and  was  ap- 
pointed excise  collector  by  Washington.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Order  of 
Cincinnati.  He  made  a  trip  to  India  and 
Java  and  brought  many  handsome  and  cur- 
ious things  home  with  him.  John  Johns- 
ton, the  youngest  son,  at  the  early  age  of 
twenty  raised  a  troop  of  horse  in  1781  for 
the  American  army,  but  they  were  dis- 
charged at  Lancaster  as  the  war  was  prac- 
tically over.  Some  years  later  he  went  to 
Westmoreland  county  where  he  died  about 
1825.  The  services  rendered  by  three  of 
these  brothers  and  the  spirit  displayed  by 
the  fourth,   while  under  age,  entitles  this 


Nin:eteenth  Congressiokal  District. 


303 


family  to  a  prominence  as  a  military  family 
noc  only  in  their  county  but  the  State. 

Johnston  Moore  was  so  unfortunate  in 
childhood  as  to  lose  his  father,  and  at  the 
age  of  fourteen  was  deprived  of  all  par- 
ental care  by  the  death  of  his  mother.  He 
then  went  to  live  with  his  mother's  sister, 
Mrs.  McLanahan,  at  the  old  Homestead  of 
the  Johnstons,  Prospect  Hill,  near  Green- 
castle,  until  he  came  to  Carlisle,  where  he  re- 
sided with  his  guardian,  Andrew  Carothers, 
while  attending  school  at  Dickinson  Col- 
lege. At  eighteen  years  of  age  he  took  pos- 
session and  began  the  management  of  his 
estates,  including  the  original  lands  which 
descended  to  him  from  his  great-grand- 
father, James  Moore.  This  estate  consisted 
of  a  large  tract  of  land,  mainly  woodland, 
which  he  cleared  and  converted  into  good 
farms. 

On  July  15,  1836,  Johnston  Moore  mar- 
ried Mary  Verzey  Packer,  a  daughter  of 
Isaac  Brown  Packer,  resident  lawyer  of 
Carlisle,  but  a  native  of  Newry,  Ireland.  To 
Mr.  and  Mrs  Moore  were  born  nine  chil- 
dren: Packer  Johnston,  James,  Maria,  An- 
nie Johnston,  Euphenia  Packer,  Emmolin 
Packer,  Francis  Packer,  Ellen  and  Thomas. 
Euphenia,  Emmolin  and  Maria  being  the 
only  children  living  at  the  present  time. 
Johnston  Moore  was  originally  a  Whig, 
but  since  the  formation  of  the  Republican 
party  Has  been  a  strong  supporter  of  its 
principles,  but  he  has  never  taken  an  ac- 
tive part  in  politics.  He  is  Junior  Warden 
of  St.  John's  Episcopal  church,  and  has  re- 
sided since  his  marriage  at  his  home 
"Mooreland"  in  Carlisle.  He  varies  the  la- 
bors of  his  farm  management  and  business 
duties  with  the  pleasures  of  the  chase  and 
the  sports  of  the  rod.  He  owns  Bonny 
Brook,  one  of  the  finest  trout  fisheries  in 
the  State,  and  takes  an  interest  in  the  pre- 
servation of  game.  Personally  Johnston 
Moore  is  a  pleasant  gentleman,  a  good  bus- 


iness man  and  an  invaluable  citizen,  enjoy- 
ing the  love  of  his  family  and  the  esteem 
of  an  active  and  well  spent  life. 

REV.  HARVEY  W.  McKNIGHT,  D. 
D.,  LL.  D.,  President  of  and  Profes- 
sor of  intellectual  and  moral  science  in 
Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg,  is  a  na- 
tive of  McKnig'htstown,  Adams  county.  Pa., 
where  he  was  bom  April  3,  1843,  the  son  of 
Ihomas  and  Margaret  (Stewart)  McKnight. 
He  is  of  pioneer  Scotch-Irish  ancestry. 

Thomas  McKnight,  the  father  of  Dr.  Mc- 
Knight, was  a  well-known  citizen  of  Adams 
county  during  the  earlier  part  of  the  pres- 
ent century.  He  was  born  in  Crawford, 
county,  Pa.,  in  1787,  and  died  in  1850.  In 
his  time  He  was  a  farmer  and  a  merchant 
and  the  town  of  McKnightstown  was 
founded  by  him  while  he  was  engaged  in 
the  latter  business.  In  politics  Mr.  Mc- 
Knight was  a  Democrat  and  in  religion  a 
devout  and  consistent  member  of  the  Luth- 
eran church.  He  was  a  man  of  irreproach- 
able character  and  in  his  business  career, 
which  afiforded  the  most  abundant  oppor- 
tunities, he  displayed  a  rare  and  strict  in- 
tegrity. Mrs.  McKnight  was  the  daughter 
of  David  and  Margaret  Stewart,  of  Adams 
county.  Pa.  She  was  the  mother  of  nine 
children,  upon  all  of  whom  she  impressed 
those  many  virtues  which  made  her  own 
character  so  pure,  kindly  and  symmetrical. 
When,  in  1850,  her  husband  died,  her 
youngest  son,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
was  but  seven  years  of  age  and  he,  more 
than  any  other  of  her  children,  shows  the 
influence  of  her  training  and  example. 
Shortly  after  their  bereavement  Mrs.  Mc- 
Knight removed  the  family  to  Jackson  Hall, 
in  Franklin  county,  Pennsylvania,  where 
our  subject  devoted  several  years  to  his  ed- 
ucation in  the  public  schools  of  the  village. 
He  served  three  years  as  clerk  in  a  general 
store  and  managed  for  a  time  to  further  his 


304 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


education  by  attending  Chambersburg 
Academy  at  Chambersburg.  In  i860  he 
entered  Pennsylvania  College  at  Gettys- 
burg, and  pursued  his  studies  there  until 
1862,  when  he  enlisted  in  Company  B, 
138th  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer 
Infantry.  He  was  made  orderly  sergeant 
and  subsequently  promoted  to  the  position 
of  second  lieutenant,  but  on  account  of  ill- 
health  he  was  compelled  to  resign.  After 
his  return  home  he  was  made  adjutant  of 
the  26th  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  militia 
and  as  such  served  during  the  invasion  of 
Pennsylvania  by  the  Rebel  forces  in  1863. 
After  the  burning  of  Chambersburg  in  1864 
he  was  commissioned  captain  of  Company 
D,  2ioth  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Vol- 
vmteer  Infantry  and  served  in  that  position 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  then  return- 
ed to  Pennsylvania  College  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1865  and  then  entered  the 
Theological  Seminary  at  Gettysburg,  where 
he  graduated  in  1867  and  was  licensed  and 
ordained  to  preach.  From  1867  to  1870  he 
served  as  pastor  of  Zion  Lutheran  church 
at  Newville,  Cumberland  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, but  owing  to  ill-health  he  was  com- 
pelled to  retire  and  remain  inactive  for  the 
two  succeeding  years.  From  1872  to  1880 
he  served  as  pastor  of  St.  Paul's  Lutheran 
church  at  Easton,  Pennsylvania.  In  1880 
he  went  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  assumed 
the  pastorate  of  the  First  English  Lutheran 
church,  which  he  retained  four  years.  Prior 
to  this,  in  1878,  Dr.  McKnight  had  been 
elected  a  trustee  of  his  alma  mater  and  in 
the  same  year  he  was  the  Alumni  orator  at 
the  Theological  Seminary  at  Gettysburg.  In 
1884  he  severed  his  connection  with  the 
First  church  at  Cincinnati  and  became  pas- 
tor of  Trinity  Lutheran  church,  Hagers- 
town,  Md.,  but  remained  only  three  and  a 
half  months,  resigning  in  order  to  accept 
the  Presidency  of  Pennsylvania  College, 
which  had  been  tendered  him  by  a  unani- 


mous vote  of  the  directorate.  Several  at- 
tempts have  been  made  since  that  time  to 
draw  Dr.  McKnight  back  to  the  ministerial 
ranks  where  he  achieved  his  first  successes 
and  had  displayed  such  conspicuous  talents 
and  attainments;  but  he  has,  in  deference  to 
the  wishes  and  requests  of  the  friends  and 
authorities  of  the  institution  always  main- 
tained his  connection  with  it  since  he  first 
became  president.  Dr.  McKnight  stands 
pre-eminent  among  the  educators  of  the 
State  and  has  steadily,  term  by  term,  raised 
the  standing  of  Pennsylvania  College  until 
outside  of  the  two  Penns)flvania  Universi- 
ties, it  is  regarded  as  the  strongest  institu- 
tion in  the  State. 

Dr.  McKnight  is  a  man  of  remarkably 
strong  character.  He  is  a  tireless  worker 
for  the  church  and  its  educational  interests. 
He  has  achieved  unusual  popularity  among 
the  Lutheran  people  and  the  graduates  of 
Pennsylvania  College. 

November  12,  1867,  Dr.  McKnight  was 
married  to  Mary  K.,  a  daughter  of  Solomon 
and  Jane  (Livingstone)  Welty,  whose  par- 
ents were  of  Scotch-Irish  and  Pennsylvania 
German  descent.  To  this  marriage  have 
been  born  Jane  M.  and  Mary  L. 

Dr.  McKnight  is  a  member  of  Phi  Kappa 
Psi  College  Fraternity;  of  Skelty  Post,  No. 
9,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  and  of 
Pennsylvania  Commandery  of  the  Loyal 
Legion. 

He  receivejl  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di- 
vinity from  Monmoutih  College,  Illinois, 
which  conferred  it  upon  him  in  1883,  and 
that  of  LL.  D.  from  Lafayette  College,  Eas- 
ton, Pa.,  in  1889. 

He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Chautauqua  at  Mt.  Gretna;  was 
President  of  the  General  Synod  of  the 
Lutheran  Church  in  the  United  States  from 
1889-91  and  has  been  a  delegate  to  its  con- 
ventions almost  continuously  for  many 
years ;  he  served  as  a  director  of  the  Gettys- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


305 


burg  Battlefield  Memorial  Association 
from  1888  till  the  field  passed  into 
the  control  01  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment in  1896.  He  is  a  director  of  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad  (Western  Ex- 
tension); a  vice-president  of  the  Evangeli- 
cal Alliance  of  the  United  States  and  a 
member  of  the  Advisory  Board  of  Elizabeth 
Female  College,  Charlotte,  N.  C. 

HON.  MATTHEW  S.QUAY.*  There 
is  no  quieter  or  less  pretentious 
man  in  the  United  States  Senate  than 
Matthew  Stanley  Quay,  of  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  short  in  stature  and  has  a  voice 
little  stronger  than  that  of  a  child,  but 
that  voice  is  clothed  with  power  when 
it  is  used  either  in  making  a  motion  or 
offering  a  suggestion,  or  in  debate.  The 
whole  Senate,  without  regard  to  party 
lines,  heeds  when  the  Pennsylvania  Sena- 
tor speaks  and  the  galleries  are  quiet  with 
eager  expectancy.  Mr.  Quay's  political 
opponents  have  attributed,  his  power  to 
bossism,  but  if  it  is,  it  is  a  bossism  that 
breaks  over  party  lines  to  influence  Demo- 
crats and  Populists  as  well  as  Republicans. 
It  might  be  said  of  Quay,  as  it  was  of  Na- 
poleon, that  if  his  election  as  First  Consul 
was  a  conspiracy,  it  included  nine-tenths  of 
the  French  as  conspirators,  for  j\Ir.  Quay 
has  always  gone  direct  to  the  people  of  the 
Keystone  State  for  his  credentials  as  leader. 
There  are  not  many  people  outside  of 
Pennsylvania  who  ever  think  of  Mr.  Quay 
as  a  soldier,  but  it  was  on  the  battle-field 
that  he  first  showed  his  remarkable  cour- 
age and  capacity  for  leadership,  and  the 
same  qualities?  have  made  him  successful  as 
a  political  leader.  This  great  man  in  the 
Senate  wear,s  a  medal  of  honor  which  few 
even  of  American  soldiers  have  won,  and 
which  all  who  do  possess  it  hold  as  dear  as 


From  Chicago  luter-Ocean,  Marcli,  16,  18 


the  German  soldiers  hold  their  iron  cross. 
It  is  a  medal  awarded  by  the  American 
Congress  for  distinguished  service  on  the 
battlefield,  and  it  is  made  from  the  metal  of 
captured  cannon.  In  1863  Congress  made 
an  appropriation  of  $20,000  for  coining 
medals,  to  be  distributed  among  officers 
and  men  who  displayed  marked  gallantry 
on  the  field  of  battle.  The  distribution  of 
these  medals  has  been  guarded  with  zealous 
care,  and  made  only  after  the  most  careful 
examination.  To  gain  one  of  these  medals 
it  was  necessary  to  have  won  distinguished 
consideration  for  some  act  of  heroism.  No 
favoritism  from  superior  officers  could  win 
such  a  medal.  The  records  of  the  war 
must  show  the  bravery  of  the  man  before 
the  award  was  made.  And  of  the  more 
than  2,000,000  soldiers  of  the  war,  only  a 
few  hvmdred  ever  secured  one  of  these 
medals.  In  1888,  a  quarter  of  a  century 
after  the  act  which  gave  Mr.  Quay  dis- 
tinction as  a  soldier.  Adjutant  General 
Dunn  sent  to  him  one  of  these  medals  of 
honor  "as  Colonel  of  the  One  Hundred  and 
Thirty-Fourth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
for  distinguished  service  at  the  battle  of 
Fredericksburg,  Va.,  December  13,  1862." 
Andrew  G.  Curtin,  the  great  war  goves- 
nor  of  Pennsylvania,  made  Matt  Quay  his 
private  secretary  in  the  early  days  of  1861. 
Later  the  young  secretary  was  given  a 
Lieutenancy  in  the  Tenth  Pennsylvania 
Reserves,  and  later,  when  brave  men  were 
needed  at  the  front,  he  took  the  field  as 
Colonel  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirty- 
Fourth  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  Just 
before  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg  he  was 
lying  at  the  hospital  stricken  down  with 
typhoid  fever.  Before  he  had  recovered 
he  joined  his  regiment,  but  on  the  advice 
of  the  surgeon  he  resigned  to  go  home, 
that  he  might  regain  his  health.  He  had 
in  his  possession  much  money  intrusted  to 
him  by  his  comrades  to  carry  home  to  their 


3O0 


felOGRAtHICAL  AND  foRTRAIT  CyCLOPEDIA. 


friends.  But  when  the  coming  battle  be- 
came imminent  he  asked  to  be  restored  to 
his  command.  It  was  too  late,  and  his  re- 
quest, almost  on  the  eve  of  battle,  was  de- 
nied. He  then  applied  to  General  Tyler 
who  commanded  his  brigade,  for  a  place  as 
volunteer  on  his  staflf.  The  surgeon  ob- 
jected and  declared,  "If  Colonel  Quay  goes 
into  battle,  he  will  die  as  a  fool  dies." 

"I  would  rather  die  like  a  fool  than  live 
Hke  a  coward,"  replied  Quay,  and  he  took  a 
place  on  General  Tyler's  staff.  That  battle 
was  one  of  the  bloodest  of  the  war.  The 
plain  lying  between  the  town  of  Fredericks- 
burg and  Marye's  Heights  was  bisected  by 
a  ditch.  It  was  necessary  for  the  Union 
troops  to  cross  the  bridge  and  form  under 
fire.  At  the  foot  of  the  hill  was  a  road  and 
bv  the  side  of  it  a  stone  wall,  which  had 
been  strengthened  by  the  Confederates  and 
was  used  by  them  as  breastworks.  Two 
hundred  Confederate  cannon  on  the  heights 
above  swept  the  plain.  The  charges  of  the 
Union  troops  were  futile,  although  the 
dead  were  lying  three  deep  in  front  of  the 
wall. 

Six  thousand  Union  and  i,ooo  Confeder- 
ate dead — this  was  the  record.  Over  half 
the  losses  of  the  Fifth  Corps  fell  upon 
Humphrey's  division,  to  which  Tyler's 
small  brigade  was  attached,  and  Tyler's  loss 
alone  was  454  me:. 

So  important  were  Colonel  Quay's  ser- 
vices upon  that  bloody  field  thait  General 
Tyler  made  the  following  report: 

Camp  in  the  Field,  Dec.  16,  1862. — 
Headquarters  Tyler's  Brigade: 

Colonel  M.  S.  Quay,  late  of  the  One 
Hundred  and  Thirty-Fourth  Pennsylvania 
Infantry,  was  upon  my  staff  as  a  volunteer 
aid-de-camp,  and  and  to  him  I  am  greatly 
indebted.  Notwithstanding  his  enfeebled 
health,  he  was  in  the  saddle  early  and  late, 
ever  prompt  and  efficient  and  especially  so 
during  the  engagement  on  the  field. 


It  was  there  Colonel  Quay  won  his  medal 
of  honor,  and  twenty-five  years  afterward 
when  he  was  a  candidate  for  United  States 
Senator,  the  survivors  of  his  regiment  is- 
sued an  address  to  the  people  reciting  his 
heroism  on  that  bloody  field  and  asking 
support  for  him  as  a  veteran. 

Colonel  Quay's  declaration  at  Freder- 
icksburg, "I  would  rather  die  like  a  fool 
than  live  like  a  coward,'  is  characteristic  of 
the  man.  It  expresses  the  determination  of 
the  man  in  every  one  of  his  great  political 
battles  since  the  war.  The  show  of  oppo- 
sition has  been  to  him  an  invitation  to  go 
into  the  battle.  After  serving  as  military 
secretary  to  Governor  Curtin  and  in  the 
Legislature  of  his  State,  he  started  a  news- 
paper called  the  Beaver  Radical,  issuing 
it  without  notice  and  without  a  single  sub- 
scriber. He  made  it  win.  Then  Governor 
Hartranft  appointed  him  Secretary  of  the 
Commonwealth,  and  Governor  Hoyt  con- 
tinued him  in  that  office.  He  was  chair- 
man of  the  Republican  State  Committee  in 
1878-79,  and  delegate-at-large  to  the  na- 
tional conventions  in  1872,  1870,  1884,  1888 
and  1892.  It  was  in  the  heat  of  political 
contests  that  the  Democrats  tried  to  involve 
Ml.  Quay's  name  in  the  scandals  touching 
(he  State  treasury.  His  answer  was  the 
announcement  of  his  candidacy  for  State 
Treasurer,  the  first  elective  office  in  the 
State  he  ever  sought.  He  went  to  the  peo- 
ple in  the  country,  not  to  the  manipulators 
in  the  cities  of  Pennsylvania,  in  his  cam- 
paign, and  he  was  elected  by  a  majority  of 
nearly  50,000,  the  largest  majority  ever 
given  a  candidate  for  that  office  up  to  that 
time.  That  was  in  1885.  While  he  was 
serving  his  term  as  State  Treasurer  in  1887 
his  political  opponents  revivedtheir charges 
against  him,  and  his  answer  was  the  an- 
nouncement of  his  candidacy  for  United 
States  Senator.  Again  the  people  of  Penn- 
sylvania rallied  to  him  and  the  Legislature 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


307 


elected  him  to  the  Senate.  In  1893 
the  war  made  on  him  was  fiercer 
than  ever  by  the  Democrats,  especially 
by  the  Democratic  press  of  New  York, 
which  remembered  bitterly  the  expos- 
ures of  Tammany  methods  Chairman 
Quay  made  in  the  campaign  of  1888,  but 
their  opposition  only  made  him  the 
stronger  with  the  people  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  he  was  easily  re-elected.  In  1895 
there  was  the  cry  of  machine  raised  against 
Mr.  Quay  by  a  factional  opposition  in  his 
own  party.  His  answer  was  the  quiet  and 
brief  announcement  that  he  would  be  a  can- 
didate for  chairman  of  the  State  Commit- 
tee. The  old  committee  was  organized 
against  him,  the  State  administration  was 
with  the  opposition,  and  so  were  the  politi- 
cal leaders  in  the  two  great  cities  of  Phila- 
delphia and  Pittsburg.  His  opposition  had 
already  gathered  in  the  politicians  from  all 
parts  of  the  State  to  help  them  maintain 
their  hold  on  the  State  Committee,  and  they 
counted  a  majority  of  the  delegates  to  the 
State  Convention  before  they  were  elected. 
But  Quay  went  to  the  people  on  a  platform 
of  municipal  reform.  It  was  the  biggest 
fight  ever  put  up  against  the  man,  but  it 
had  not  the  people  behind  it,  as  was  shown 
when  the  primaries  were  held  and  the  poli- 
ticians were  overthrown.  Quay  had  the 
majority  in  the  convention  with  the  State 
administration,  the  two  great  municipali- 
ties, and  the  greatest  corporations  in  the 
State  against  him,  and  his  victory  came 
direct  from  the  people,  who  had  confidence 
in  him. 

As  a  political  general  Mr.  Quay  demon- 
strated his  abilities  to  uncover  fraud,  and 
also  his  courage  by  attacking  the  very 
stronghold  of  Democratic  corruption  in  the 
campaign  of  1888.  He  was  elected  chair- 
man of  the  Republican  National  Commit- 
tee. Blaine's  defeat  in  1884  had  been  ac- 
complished in  a  small  section  of  New  York 


City  by  Tammany's  abiHty  to  count  its  own 
majorities.  Chairman  Quay  went  to  New 
York  and  said:  "The  election  will  be  won 
or  lost  right  here."  He  studied  the  city 
carefully,  had  a  new  registration  of  the 
lower  wards  made  by  men  supposed  to  be 
canvassing  for  a  new  city  directory,  and  in 
that  way  secured  lists  of  the  legitimate  vot- 
ers. He  had  maps  made  of  these  wards, 
showing  every  tenement  house  and  the 
number  of  people  in  each.  In  this  way  he 
discovered  the  false  registration  made  by 
Tammany  to  defeat  Harrison  as  it 
had  defeated  Blaine.  The  secret  was 
guarded  until  just  before  election  and 
the  facts  were  then  allowed  to 
leak  out.  The  ballot  thieves  of  Tam- 
many press  ranted.  Chairman  Quay 
announced  that  he  had  the  facts  and  offered 
rewards  for  the  arrest  and  conviction  of 
men  who  attempted  to  register  falsely. 
Tammany  stood  aghast  at  the  boldness  of 
this  man.  Then  the  ballot  thieves  tried  in- 
timidation and  letters  began  to  pour  in  upon 
ilu:  chairman  threatening  him  with  assassi- 
nation, but  the  man  who  had  stood  before 
the  murderous  fire  of  Marye's  Heights  was 
not  to  be  frightened  by  Tammany  thugs 
and  heelei-s,  and  he  paid  no  attention  to  all 
the  bluster  and  threats.  He  held  to  his 
course.  He  watched  the  election  as  care- 
fully as  he  had  watched  the  registration.  He 
foiled  the  Tammany  men  in  their  own 
strongholds  by  preventing  false  registration 
and  repeating;  prevented  the  lower  wards 
of  New  York'  City  from  overcoming  the 
Republican  majority  of  the  State,  and 
elected  Benjamin  Harrison  President.  T.i 
that  work  he  demonstrated  what  had  long 
been  felt,  that  New  York  was  a  safe  Re- 
publican State  when  the  frauds  of  Tammany 
in  the  lower  wards  of  New  York  City  could 
be  prevented.  Mr.  Blaine's  comment  was 
to  Mr.  Quay:  "If  you  had  been  chairman 
in  1884,  I  would  have  been  President  of  the 


3o8 


Ijiographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


United  States."  The  National  Committee 
psssed  resolutions  of  thanks  to  Mr.  Quay 
vvlien  he  resigned  the  chairmanship  after 
the  battle  was  fought  and  won. 

In  the  Senate  Mr.  Quay  has  been  the 
same  quiet,  determined  force  that  he  was 
in  the  army  and  in  political  campaigns.  In 
1890  he  came  to  the  front  as  the  leader  in 
the  Senate.  He  had  been  a  follower,  but 
when  the  great  tariff  fight  was  on  he  show- 
ed his  leadership.  There  were  two  great 
question  before  Congress  at  that  time — the 
McKinley  Bill  and  the  Force  Bill.  The 
Democrats  were  able  to  block  all  action  on 
the  Force  Bill,  by  their  abuse  of  the 
privileges  of  the  Senate  in  debate,  and  they 
were  determined  to  talk  it  to  death,  and  in 
that  way  kill  both  the  force  bill  and  the  Mc- 
Kinley bill.  The  tarifi  bill  ted  been  prom- 
ised. Protection  had  been  the  issue  in  the 
campaign  of  1888,  and  a  new  tariff  revision 
had  been  promised  to  the  people.  The  de- 
bate on  the  force  bill  was  lengthened  out  into 
weeks,  and  the  Democrats  were  determined 
to  talk  on  that  measure  until  final  adjourn- 
ment. There  was  anotner  campaign  on, 
and  the  more  timid  Republicans  thought  it 
a  dangerous  policy  to  enact  a  tariff  bill  just 
before  election.  They  were  satisfied  to  al- 
lovv'  the  Democrats  to  block  the  way  with 
their  interminable  debate  on  the  force  bill. 
But  Mr.  Quay  had  generaled  the  campaign 
of  1888  when  the  tariff  pledges  were  made 
to  the  people,  and  he  insisted  that  the  Fifty- 
First  Congress  should  redeem  its  pledges. 
He  proposed  to  lay  aside  the  force  bill  until 
the  tariff  bill  could  be  settled  definitely,  and 
enacted  into  law.  A  Republican  caucus 
was  called  to  discipline  the  Pennsylvania 
Senator,  but  he  had  his  way,  and  the  Mc- 
Kinley bill  became  a  law,  while  the  force 
bill  went  over  until  the  next  session.  The 
Republicans  lost  the  election  of  1890,  and 
a  Democratic  Congress  followed,  but  the 
McKinley  bill  was  a  law,  and  demonstrated 


the  wisdom  of  its  enactment  immediately 
after  it  was  repealed,  two  years  ago,  if  not 
before.  When  the  Wilson  bill  was  reported 
to  the  Senate  in  1894  Senator  Quay  fought 
it  v/ith  consummate  skill.  The  Republicans 
no  longer  had  a  majority  in  that  body  to 
veto  a  free-trade  measure,but  Quay  adopted 
the  methods  employed  by  the  Democrats 
against  the  force  bill,  and  resolved  to  talk 
it  to  death.  On  April  14  he  began  the  most 
remarkable  tariff  speech  ever  delivered  in 
the  United  States  Senate.  It  was  a  full  ex- 
position of  the  tariff  and  it  finally  covered 
124  pages  of  the  Congressional  Record,  and 
contained  something  like  200,000  words.  It 
is  a  big  volume  in  itself.  But  Mr.  Quay 
did  not  make  this  speech  to  enlighten  the 
Senate,  but  to  prevent  the  Wilson  bill  from 
becoming  a  law.  He  began  it  April  14,  and 
held  the  floor  whenever  the  bill  was  under 
consideration  for  two  months.  Other  Re- 
publican Senators  followed  his  plan,  and  the 
Democratic  Senators  were  compelled  to  re- 
model the  bill,  granting  better  protection  to 
the  industries  of  the  country,  before  they 
could  stop  this  debate,  wMth  Quay  toild 
them  would  continue  until  they  compro- 
mised, and  the  Senate  adjourned. 

Senator  Quay's  ancestors  came  from  the 
Isle  of  Man  in  1710.  His  grandfather  served 
in  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  and  also  that 
of  1 812.  The  Senator  was  born  in  Dills- 
burg,  Pa.,  in  1833,  and  when  he  was  6  years 
old  his  parents  moved  to  Pittsburg,  and 
kiter  to  Beaver.  His  father  was  a  Presby- 
terian minister,  and  the  Senator  holds  to 
that  faith,  so  that  he  was  instrumental  in 
having  Congress  prevent  the  opening  ofthe 
World's  Fair  on  Sunday.  He  was  eager  for 
travel  and  adveuture  when  a  boy,  and  went 
U)  Texas  while  yet  in  his  teens.  He  taught 
school  there  and  closed  the  school  abruptly 
to  go  to  fight  Indians  on  the  Colorado 
border.  He  bought  a  rifle  with  his  teacher's 
salary  and  walked  to  Austin  to  enlist,  but 


Nin:eteenth  Congressional  IDistricT. 


309 


when  he  reached  that  place  tne  war  was 
over.  In  disgust  he  sold  his  rifle  and  started 
back  to  Pennsylvania.  He  was  afterward 
admitted  to  the  bar,  m  1854,  the  year  he 
reached  his  majority.  The  next  year  he 
was  appointed  prothonotary  of  Beaver 
county,  was  twice  re-elected,  and  there  be- 
gan his  political  career.  It  has  been  a  long 
and  exciting  career,  but  politics  never  en- 
tfcis  his  home  life. 

He  is  devotedly  domestic.  He  considers 
that  portion  of  his  life  spent  in  his  family 
circle  as  a  thing  apart  from  the  outer  world. 
He  lives  with  his  family  in  the  old-fashioned 
sense  of  the  most  intimate  and  happy  com- 
munion. In  Washington  society  it  is  a  mat- 
ter of  comment  that  nowadays,  when  in  the 
rapid  whirl  and  movement  of  official  life 
members  of  the  most  prominent  families 
have  scarcely  time  to  become  acquainted 
with  one  another,  the  family  of  Senator 
Quay  exhibits  to  those  who  are  admitted 
to  its  circle  an  ideal  picture  of  interests  per- 
fectly blended  and  of  the  most  charming 
domestic  confidence. 

Mrs.  Quay  has  always  been  an  inspira- 
tion and  a  help  to  her  husband.  She  is  a 
most  charming  type  of  American  woman- 
hood. All  of  her  interests  center  in  her 
home.  While  she  cares  little  for  society  for 
society's  sake,  she  entertains  so  attractively 
and  with  such  engaging  and  artistic  hospi- 
tality that  invitations  to  her  teas  and  re- 
ceptions are  eagerly  sought  by  the  highest 
clement  of  the  official  circles  of  Washing- 
ton. 


HON.  WILLIAM  PENN  LLOYD, 
attorney-at-law,  and  ex-United 
States  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue,  was 
born  at  Lisburn,  Cumberland  county,  Sep- 
tember, 1837,  the  only  son  of  William  and 
Amanda  (Anderson)  Lloyd,  both  natives  of 
Cumberland  county.     On  his  father's  side 


h.e  is  of  Welsh  and  English  extraction  and 
by  his  mother  of  Scotch-Irish. 

William  Penn  Lloyd  worked  on  the  farm 
and  at  cabinet  making  with  his  father  until 
his  i8th  year.  He  attended  the  public 
school,  Dickinson  Seminary,  Cumberland 
County  Normal  School  and  White  Hall 
Academy.  His  summers  were  devoted  to 
study  at  these  institutions  and  his  winters 
lo  teaching  in  the  public  schools.  At  the 
age  of  'twenity  he  begian  the  study  of  law 
under  William  M.  Penrose,  then  a  promi- 
nent lawyer  at  Carlisle  and  continued  teach- 
ing and  studying  until  the  outbreak  of  the 
Rebellion,  when  he  raised  a  company  for 
the  three  months  service,  but  the  quota  of 
the  State  being  filled  before  it  was  ready  to 
be  mustered  in  it  was  disbanded  and  in 
August  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  F, 
Tst  Pennsylvania  Reserve  Cavalry.  He 
served  sixteen  months  as  a  private,  was  pro- 
moted to  hospital  steward  of  the  regiment, 
then  to  first  lieutenant  of  Company  E,  and 
next  to  adjutant  of  the  regiment,  at  the 
same  time  acting  as  assistant  adjutant  gen- 
eral of  the  brigade.  In  this  capacity  he 
served  until  September  9,  1864,  when  the 
regiment  was  mustered  out  at  the  expira- 
tion of  its  three  ye'ars  term  of  service.  Mr. 
L1o}t1  was  engaged  in  die  battles  of  Drains- 
ville,  Harrisonburg,  Cedar  Mountain, 
Gainesville,  second  Bull  Rum,  Fredericks- 
burg, Gettysburg,  Cold  Harbor,  St.  Mary's 
church,  and  a  score  or  more  of  minor  en- 
gagements. Col.  Lloyd  returned  home  to 
Richmond  and  on  the  organization  of  the 
State  Guards  under  Gen.  Hartranft  was  ap- 
pointed Inspector  General  with  the  rank  of 
lieutenant  colonel.  He  resumed  teaching 
and  the  study  of  law  until  April  18,  1865, 
vvihen  he  was  admitted  to  tlie  bar  of  Cum^ 
berland  county.  He  has  since  been  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  the  courts  of  Dauphin, 
York  and  Perry  counties,  the  Supreme 
Court    of    Pennsylvania    and    the    District 


3IO 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Court  of  the  United  States.  September  i6, 
1866,  he  was  appointed  coUector  of  internal 
revenue  for  the  isth  Congressional  District 
oi  Pennsylvania,  comprising  the  counties  of 
York,  Cumberland  and  Perry.  He  resigned 
the  collectorship  August  ist,  1869,  to  ac- 
cept a  position  in  the  Dauphin  Deposit 
Bank  of  Harrisburg,  where  he  remained 
nearly  fifteen  years,  when  he  quit  the  bank 
and  went  to  work  on  his  farm  near  Me- 
chanicsburg.  A  ye'ar  later,  having  regained 
his  health,  he  opened  his  present  law  office. 
Col.  Lloyd  has  been  commander  of  H.  I. 
Zinn  Post,  No.  415,  Grand  Army  of  the 
Repubhc,  since  its  organization,  March  4, 
1888.  He  is  the  author  of  the  "Plistory  of 
the  First  Pennsylvania  Reserve  Cavalry," 
a  very  graphic  history  of  the  three  years' 
service  of  his  regiment.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  Eureka  Lodge,  Free  and 
Accepted  Masons,  and  a  Knight  Templar 
of  St.  John's  Commandery,  No.  8,  of  Car- 
lisle. 

May  23,  1865,  Col.  Lloyd  was  married  to 
Anna  H.,  a  daughter  of  Israel  L.  and  Mar- 
garet (Moser)  Boyer.  To  that  union  were 
born  three  children:  Weir  B.,  Mary  and 
George  E. 

EDWARD  BIDDLE  WATTS,  an  at- 
torney of  Carlisle,  Cumberland 
county,  is  a  son  of  Hon.  Frederick  and 
Henrietta  (Ege)  Watts  and  was  born  in 
Carlisle,  September  13,  1851.  His  father, 
Judge  Watts,  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a 
century  was  the  most  prominent  man  in 
Carlisle.  As  early  as  October,  1827,  he  prac- 
ticed in  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania 
and  as  late  as  the  May  term  iSep.For  fifteen 
years  he  was  reporter  of  the  decisions  of 
that  court  and  during  that  period  and  be- 
fore and  after  it  he  was  engaged  in  a  large 
office  business  and  in  the  trial  of  nearly  all 
the  important  cases  in  the  courts  below  in 
his  owai  county  and  the  county  of  Perry. 


For  twenty-six  ye'ars  'he  was  president  of 
the  Cumberland  Valley  railroad.  August  i, 
i87i,he  became  United  States  Commission- 
er of  Agriculture. 

At  the  age  of  fourteen,  Edward  Biddle 
Watts  entered  Dr.  Lyons'  private  school  at 
West  Haverford,  ten  miles  west  of  Phila- 
delphia, where  he  remained  until  1868, 
when  he  went  to  Cheshire  and  entered  the 
Episcopal  Academy  of  the  State,  where  he 
pursued  his  studies  until  1869.  Then,  at  the 
request  of  Dr.  Horton,  the  principal  of  that 
institute,  he  accompanied  him  upon  a  tour 
in  Europe.  Immediately  upon  his  return 
he  entered  Trinity  College  at  Hartford, 
Connecticut  from  which  institution  he  was 
graduated  in  1873.  He  returned  to  Car- 
lisle and  read  law  with  John  Hays  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1875.  In  1885  he  was 
appointed  attorney  for  the  county  commis- 
sioners of  Cumberland  county.  Mr.  Watts 
has  been  a  member  of  the  8th  Regiment, 
National  Guards,  of  Pennsylvania,  since 
February  1885.  He  served  as  captain  of 
Company  G,  the  Goban  Guards,  of  Car- 
lisle, and  in  1893  was  appointed  sergeant- 
major  of  the  regiment.  He  is  a  member  of 
St.  John's  Episcopal  church. 

JOHN  HAYS,  President  of  the  Carlisle 
Deposit  Bank  and  a  prominent  and 
successful  member  of  the  bar  of  Cum- 
berland county,  unites  in  his  ancestry  the 
lineage  of  two  of  the  oldest  and  most  promi- 
nent families  of  the  State.  His  paternal 
great-grandfather,  Adam  Hays,  was  a  de- 
scendant of  a  Holland  family  who  immi- 
grated to  America  at  an  early  day  and  who 
became  members  of  a  Swedish  settlement 
at  Newcastle  on  the  Delaware.  Adam  Hays 
was  born  at  New  Castle  and  immigrated  to 
Cumberland  county,  Pennsylvania,  where 
he  settled  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Cone- 
doguinet  creek,  in  Frankfor'd  township,  in 
1730.    His  sons,  Adam  and  Joseph,  the  lat- 


NlN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


311 


ter  the  grand-father  of  our  subject,  were 
born  in  Cumberland  county.  Joseph  mar- 
ried and  had  three  sons,  Adam,  John  and 
Joseph.  John  was  born  in  August  1794  and 
was  a  farmer  in  early  life.  At  the  age  of 
3c  he  engaged  in  the  iron  trade.  He  was 
twice  married:  first  to  Jane  Pattison,  of 
Cumberland  county.  They  had  one  daugh- 
ter, Annie  E.,  who  married  Lieutenant 
Richard  West,  a  nephew  of  Judge  Taney, 
and  after  his  death,  Lieutenant  Colonel  J. 
W.  T.  Carder.  Mrs.  Jane  (Pattison)  Hays 
died  in  1822  or  '23,  and  her  widowed  hus- 
band married  Mrs.  Eleanor  B.  Wheaton, 
a  daughter  of  Robert  Blaine.  She  was  a 
grand-daughter  of  Col.  Ephraim  Blaine,  of 
Cumberland  county,  who  was  born  in  Ire- 
land and  came  with  his  parents  to  Cumber- 
land county  in  1844,  when  he  was  but  a 
year  old.  Col. Ephraim  Blaine  was  a  prom- 
inent man  and  served  his  county  and  coun- 
try well.  He  was  a  friend  and  confidant  of 
Washington,  was  sheriff  of  Cumberland 
county  in  1771,  and  during  the  Revolution 
was  deputy  commissary  general  with  the 
rank  of  colonel.  Mrs.  and  Mr.  John  Hays 
were  members  of  the  Presbyterian  church. 
He  died  April  9,  1854,  and  she  January  9, 
1839.  They  had  two  sons  and  one  daugh- 
ter: Robert  Blaine  Hays,  Mary  Wheaton 
Hays  and  John  Hays,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch. 

John  Hays  received  his  preliminary  edu- 
cation in  the  common  schools  of  Carlisle 
and  graduated  from  old  Dickinson  College 
in  the  class  of  1857.  The  same  year  he  en- 
tered the  law  office  of  Hon.  Robert  M. 
Henderson  and  in  August  .1859  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Cumberland  county  bar.  In 
1862  Mr.  Hays  entered  Company  A,  130th 
Volunteer  Infantry  and  was  promoted  to 
first  lieutenant,  then  adjutant  of  the  regi- 
ment and  afterward  to  adjutant  general  of  a 
brigade.  He  was  mustered  out  of  the  ser- 
vice May  I,  1863.    He  was  wounded  in  the 


right  shoulder  at  Chancellorsville  by  a  mus- 
ket ball  and  had  seven  other  balls  cut  his 
clothing  and  kill  his  horse  under  him.  He 
was  in  the  battle  of  Antietam  and  Freder- 
icksburg, in  the  former  of  which  his  regi- 
ment sustained  a  severe  loss.  At  Freder- 
icksburg, Col.  Zinn,his  commander, lost  his 
life.  After  the  regiment  was  mustered  out, 
Mr.  Hays  returned  to  Carlisle  and  formed 
a  partnership  with  Hon.  R.  M.  Henderson. 
Mr.  Hays,  August  8,  1865,  married  Jane 
Van  Ness,  a  daughter  of  Captain  R.  C.  and 
Sarah  (RadclitTe)  Smead,  of  the  City  of 
New  York.  Captain  Smead  was  a  graduate 
of  West  Point  and  served  as  a  captain  in 
the  Mexican  war.  He  died  of  yellow  fever 
while  on  his  way  home  at  the  close  of  hos- 
tilities. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hays  are  members 
of  the  Presbyterian  church  of  Carlisle  and 
have  two  sons  and  two  daughters:  Anna  A., 
Elizabeth  S.,  George  M.,  Raphael  S.,  and 
Eleanor  B.  In  politics  Mr.  Hays  is  a  Re- 
publican and  was  a  delegate  to  the  national 
convention  which  nominated  Garfield  in 
1880.  He  was  one  of  the  original  trustees 
of  the  Metzgar  Institute  of  Carlisle,  of  which 
his  uncle,  George  Metzgar,  was  the  founder. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors 
of  the  Carlisle  Gas  and  Water  Company 
and  vice  president  and  chairman  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee  of  the  Carlisle  A'lanu- 
facturing  Company. 

DR.  JOHN  W.  C.  O'NEIL,  was  born 
in  Fairfax  county,  Virginia,  April 
21,  1821,  of  Irish  and  American  parentage. 
His  classical  and  literary  education  was  ob- 
tained in  Pennsylvania  college,  Gettysburg, 
Pennsylvania.  His  medical  studies  were 
pursued  under  the  private  tutorship  of  Dr. 
John  Swope,  of  Taneytown,  and  Dr.  N.  R. 
Smith,  Baltimore,  Maryland,  and  in  the 
Medical  Department  of  the  University  of 
Maryland,  from  which  he  received  the  de- 
gree of  M.  D.,  in  1844.    The  doctor  settled 


512 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclope£)iA. 


in  Hanover,  York  county,  in  the  spring  of 
that  year,  but  five  years  later  moved  to  Bal- 
timore, but  finally  established  himself  at 
Gettysburg  in  1863.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Phrenakosmian  Society  of  Pennsyl- 
vania College,  a  member  of  the  Adams 
County  Medical  Society,  of  which  he  was 
president  in  1875,  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Medical  Society  and  of  the  American  Medi- 
cal Association.  Pie  has  contributed  to  the 
literature  of  the  profession  a  pamphlet  on 
the  cholera  as  it  appeared  in  Baltimore 
1852,  another  on  medical  and  surgical  ex- 
perience on  the  battle  fields  of  Antie- 
tam  and  Gettysburg,  a  third  on  the  Kataly- 
sine  Spring  water  and  a  comparison  of  its 
powers  with  the  water  of  foreign  springs, 
and  other  fugitive  papers  and  reports.  The 
doctor  served  as  commissioner  of  public 
schools  in  Baltimore  during  the  years  of 
1850-51-52  and  was  vaccine  physician  of 
the  twentieth  ward  of  that  city  for  that 
period.  Fie  served  as  delegate  to  the  Mary- 
land State  Medical  Society  from  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1877  and  in  1886,  was  made  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of 
Public  Charities  of  Pennsylvania  in  1883. 
He  attended  as  medical  and  surgical 
advisor  in  the  house  of  industry  of 
Adams  county  for  1863  to  187 1  and  re- 
signed in  favor  of  his  son.  Dr.  Walter  H. 
O'Neil,  who  continued  to  fill  the  appoint- 
ment for  several  years  afterward.  The  doc- 
tor was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Medical 
Association  in  1884,  representing  the  State 
of  Pennsylvaniia,  and  has  continued  his 
membership  ever  since.  By  appointment 
of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Pubhc  Board  of 
Charities  the  doctor  was  one  of  the  three 
representatives  of  the  State  in  the  13th  Na- 
tional Conference  of  Charities  and  Correc- 
tions at  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  in  1886. 

In  1847  he  married  Ellen,  a  daughter  of 
Henry  Wirt,  of  Hanover,  York  county. 


HON.  BENJAMIN  K.  SPANGLER. 
In  writing  the  story  of  the  life  of 
Benjamin  K.  Spangler  brief  note  must  be 
taken    of    the    political    history    of    "Old 
Mother  Cumberland,"  for  out  of  the  fer- 
ment of  sentiment  which  in  late  years  has 
made  it  doubtful,  if  not  safely  Republican 
county,  was  evolved  a  notable  chapter  in 
his  career.     Up  to  early  in  the  'go's  the 
county  was  safely  Democratic  by  nine  hun- 
dred, and  few   Republicans  gained  office; 
but  at  that  period  change  was  wrought  and 
men  who  had  been  working  for  this  con- 
summation for  years,  at  last  found  them- 
selves elevated  from    the    ranks    as    loyal 
workers,  into  leadership  and  office.     One 
of  those  whose  aptitude  and  ability  came  to 
be  thus  recognized  and  rewarded  through 
his   party's  ascendancy  was   Benjamin   K. 
Spangler,  a  man   whose   political  life   has 
been    one    full    of   picturesque    experience. 
Mr.   Spangler  was  born   in  Carlisle,   Sep- 
tember 8,  1832,  the  son  of  Jacob  and  Eli- 
zabeth (Goddard)  Spangler.     The  Spang- 
lers  are  of  German  origin  and  the  family 
has  many  branches  in  the  southern  section 
of  Pennsylvania,  especially  in  York  county, 
where  they  are  numerous.    To  this  branch 
our  subject's  immediate  ancestry  belongs. 
The  father  was  born  in  East  Berlin,  Adams 
county,  1775,  and  died  in  Carlisle  in  1857, 
aged  82  years.  He  was  a  carpenter  by  trade 
and  when  yet  a  boy  came  to  Carlisle,  where 
he    eventually    became    a    contractor    and 
built  some  of  the  most  conspicuous  build- 
ings in  the  town.    In  politics  he  was  an  old 
line  Whig  and  in  religion  of  the  Lutheran 
faith,  serving  as  a  deacon  of  the  church. 
He     married     Elizabeth     G.     Waterbury, 
widow  of  Thomas    Waterbury,    of    Stam- 
ford,    Connecticut,    and    a    daug-hter    of 
Thomas  Goddard,  a  native  of  New  Eng- 
land.    Five  sons  and  two  daughters  were 
born  to  this  marriage:  James  U.,  and  John 
K.,   carpenter,   of   Carlisle;   Kate,   wife   of 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


313 


David  Rhoades,  Altoona;  Emanuel,  de- 
deceased;  William,  a  carpenter  ar.d  stair 
builder,  of  Carlisle;  Benjamin  K.,  and 
Letitia,  wife  of  James  P.  Wilson,  Altoona. 
Our  subject  obtained  his  education  in  the 
Carlisle  public  schools  and  at  the  age  of 
sixteen  learned  the  trade  of  chain  making. 
After  following  this  for  several  years  he 
went  to  Harrisburg  and  learned  cigar  mak- 
ing, at  which  trade  he  worked  in  Philadel- 
phia, New  York,  Cincinnati,  Pittsburg  and 
Baltimore.  In  1857  he  started  business  in 
Carlisle,  continued  it  for  a  year  and  then 
went  to  Kansas,  where  he  spent  seven  of 
the  most  eventful  months  of  his  life.  The 
bitter  struggle  over  the  status  of  the  terri- 
tory in  the  matter  of  slavery  was  then  on 
and  young  Spangler  precipitated  himself 
into  the  conflict  on  the  side  of  the  Free 
Soilers  under  James  Lane's  leadership.  Mr. 
Spangler  fought  and  voted  to  admit  Kan- 
sas free.  When  this  issue  had  been  de- 
cided, he  returned  to  Carlisle  and  and  re- 
sumed his  trade.  In  July  1862  the  war  for 
the  preservation  of  the  Union  evoked  his 
sympathies  and  he  enlisted  in  Captain  Wil- 
liam M-  Porter's  Company  A,  30th  Penn- 
sylvania Regiment  for  nine  months.  His 
services  practically  terminated  Septem- 
ber 15th,  after  the  battle  of  South  Moun- 
tain, for  he  was  stricken  on  the  line  of 
march  and  sent  first  to  Hagerstown  and 
then  to  Camp  Curtin,  Harrisburg.  Here 
he  was  transferred  to  Church  hospital  and 
December  10,  1862,  was  discharged  on  a 
surgeon's  certificate  of  disability.  Return- 
ing to  Carlisle  he  engaged  in  the  cigar 
business.  In  1894  Mr.  Spangler,  running 
on  the  Republican  ticket,  was  elected  rep- 
resentative in  the  State  Legislature.  He 
made  an  enviable  record  there,  his  most 
notable  action  being  his  speech  on  the  Re- 
ligious Garb  bill. 

Mr.  Spangler  is  a  member  of  the  Evan- 
gelical church ;  of  St.  John  Lodge,  Free  and 


Accepted  Masons;  of  St.  John's  Chapter, 
171,  Royal  Arch  [Masons;  of  St.  John  Com- 
mandery.  No.  8,  Knights  Templar,  of  Car- 
lisle; Junior  Order  United  American  Me- 
chanics, and  of  the  American  Protective 
Association. 

April  6,  1862,  he  wa  ■  married  to  Mar- 
garet A.  Rhodes,  of  Carlisle.  Five  daugh- 
ters have  beenborntothem:  Ella  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  John  Oliver,  of  Carlisle ;  Emma  Re- 
becca, wife  of  Charles  W.  Strohm;  Jennie 
Gertrude,  wife  of  Harry  Brheam,  of  Car- 
lisle, and  Effie  deceased. 

PROFESSOR  HENRY  B.  NIXON, 
Ph.  D.,  who  occupies  the  chair  of 
mathematics  in  Pennsylvania  College,  at 
Gettysburg,  Pennsylvania,  was  born  near 
Winfall,  Perquiman's  county,  North  Caro- 
lina, September  9th,  1857.  He  is  of  Enghsh 
ancestry.  His  paternal  great  gnandfartiher 
was  Samuel  Nixon,  whose  son  Francis  was 
the  paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject. 
Francis  Nixon  engaged  in  farming,  fishing 
and  milling  all  his  life.  He  had  five  chil- 
dren, William,  Thomas,  Francis,  James 
and  Sarah.  Thomas,  the  father  of  Henry 
B.  Nixon,  received  a  common  school  edu- 
cation supplemented  by  courses  in  Quaker 
schools  at  Belvidere,  North  Carolina,  and 
at  Alexandria,  Virginia,  from  the  latter  of 
which  he  was  graduated.  He  devoted  him- 
self to  husbandry  all  his  life.  He  married 
Cornelia,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Harriet 
(Jones)  Townsend,  and  had  eight  children: 
Julian,  Francis,  Mary,  James,  Henry,  Jos- 
eph, Harriet  and  Thomas.  His  death  oc- 
curred in  1886.  The  mother  is  still  living 
at  the  old  homestead  in  Perquiman's  coun- 
ty. North  Carolina.  Henry  B.  Nixon  pre- 
pared for  college  at  the  Hertford  Academy, 
North  Carolina,  and  attended  the  Univer- 
sity of  North  Carolina,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  1878.  After  graduating  he 
spent  some  time  teaching  and  studying  pri- 


314 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


vately.  He  then  continued  his  studies  at 
Johns  Hopkins  University  at  Baltimore  for 
five  whole  and  part  of  two  additional  years, 
after  which  he  went  to  Gettysburg  to  sup- 
ply the  chair  of  mathematics  during  the  ill- 
ness of  his  predecessor,  Prof.  CroU.  On 
the  death  of  the  latter  he  was  appointed  to 
fill  the  vacancy  for  a  year,  and  at  the  ex- 
piration of  that  time  he  was  elected  to  the 
professorship.  Prof.  Nixon  is  a  mathema- 
tician of  distinction  and  has  turned  out 
some  very  capable  students  during  his  term 
of  service  at  Gettysburg.  May  22nd,  1889, 
he  married  Kate  Virginia  Hay,  of  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  whose  parents,  Alexander  and 
Magdalen-a  (Ilgenfritz)  Hay  were  originally 
from  York,  Pa.  They  have  one  son, 
Thomas  Hay  Nixon,  born  Februarv  22nd, 
1895. 

REV.  A.  R.  STECK,  pastor  of  St. 
James  Lutheran  church,  Gettys- 
burg, Adams  county,  is  a  native  of  Lan- 
caster county,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  born 
August  8,  1861,  the  son  of  Rev.  Dr.  David 
and  Susan  M.  Steck.  He  is  of  German  an- 
cestry. His  paternal  grandfather,  Freder- 
ick, was  born  in  Lycoming  county  and  was 
a  farmer  by  occupation.  In  politics  he 
was  a  Democrat  and  in  religion  a  Luther- 
an. He  was  a  man  of  broad  intelHgence 
and  excellent  judgment.  His  children  were 
John,  Elizabeth,  Daniel,  Jacob,  George, 
Julia,  Christie  and  Charles.  He  died  in 
1858.  Rev.  Dr.  David  Steck  was  born  in 
Hughesville,  Lycoming  county,  November, 
1819,  and  received  his  education,  both 
classical  and  theological,  at  the  Pennsyl- 
vania College,  Gettysburg,  graduating  from 
the  theological  department  in  1840.  He 
located  at  Pottsville,  Pennsylvania,  organ- 
ized the  First  Lutheran  church  of  that 
place  and  served  as  pastor  eleven  years, 
during  which  he  brought  the  congregation 
to  a  fine  state  of  development.     His  next 


charge  was  in  Lancaster  city,  where  he 
served  four  years  and  then  became  pastor  of 
the  First  Lutheran  church  of  Dayton, 
O.  After  six  years  service  there  he  then  re- 
turned to  Pottsville,  in  a  state  of  ill  health 
which  did  not  permit  him  to  pursue  his 
ministerial  labors  very  assiduously.  In  the 
hope  of  recruiting  his  health  he  accepted 
a  call  to  Middletown,  Frederick  county, 
Maryland.  There  he  remained  four  and  a 
half  years,  and  then,  largely  in  behalf  of 
the  education  of  his  sons,  accepted  a  call 
to  St.  James  church,  of  Gettysburg,  the 
seat  of  Lutheran  classical  and  theological 
education.  From  1875  to  1881  he  served 
as  pastor  of  St.  James  church.  He  was 
eminently  successful  in  his  church  work 
and  was  one  of  the  most  accomplished 
and  graceful  orators  in  the  Lutheran 
church.  In  April,  1849,  he  married  Susan 
M.  Edwards,  a  daughter  of  Enoch  and 
Catharine  Edwards,  by  whom  he  had  nine 
children:  Newton,  Valeria,  John  ,  Katie, 
Charles,  Augustus,  Mamy,  Willie  and 
Luther.  Mamie  and  Willie  are  dead.  Mrs. 
Steck  is  still  living. 

Rev.  A.  R.  Steck  graduated  from  Penn- 
sylvania College  in  the  class  of  '82.  He 
taught  school  for  one  year  at  New  Salem, 
York  county ,and  then  entered  the  theolog- 
ical seminary  at  Gettysburg,  where  he 
graduated  in  June,  1886.  His  first  call  was 
from  the  Lutheran  church  at  Stewartsville, 
Warren  county.  New  Jersey.  He  remained 
with  that  charge  until  1891,  when  he  re- 
signed to  accept  a  call  to  the  First  Luther- 
an church  of  Indianapolis,  Indiana.  In 
July,  1894,  he  resigned  to  accept  a  call 
from  St.  James  Lutheran  church,  his  pres- 
ent charge,  and  in  September  following 
removed  to  Gettysburg,  to  take  up  the 
work  in  which  his  father  had  been  stayed 
by  the  hand  of  death. 

July  I,  1891,  he  married  Bertha,  a 
daughter  of  Hon.  Howard  Melick,  of  Phil- 


S.  M.  MANIFOLD. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


315 


lipsburg,  New  Jersey.  To  that  union  were 
born  four  children;  Howard  Rodney, 
who  died  in  infancy;  Kenneth  L.,  Robert 
Augustus  and  Julia  Catherine. 

Rev.  Steck  is  one  of  the  most  thoroughly 
educated  and  intelligent  clergymen  in  the 
Lutheran  church,  and  has  brought  to  his 
work  rare  qualities  and  endowments  of 
heart  and  mind,  peculiarly  fitting  him  for 
the  spiritual  care  of  men.  He  has  taken 
up  and  very  successfully  carried  forward 
the  work  in  which  death  interrupted  his 
father.  To-day  he  is  one  of  the  leading  min- 
isters in  the  West  Pennsylvania  Synod. 
He  is  an  eloquent  speaker,  an  interesting 
conversationalist  and  a  man  of  entirely 
agreeable  personality. 

SAMUEL  U.  MANIFOLD,  general 
manager  of  the  York  Southern  R.  R. 
is  one  of  that  worth}'  class  of  self-made 
men  who  build  their  own  monuments  of 
fortune  and  reputation.  He  is  a  son  of 
Joseph  and  Rebecca  (Martin)  Manifold, 
and  was  born  in  Hopewell  township,  York 
county,  Pennsylvania,  May  8th,  1842.  The 
Manifolds  are  of  English  Quaker  lineage 
and  first  settled  in  one  of  the  counties  of 
New  Jersey.  Subsequently  the  succeeding 
generations  gradually  diffused  and  a  num- 
ber of  them  came  to  the  southern  part  of 
York  county,  where  they  became  promi- 
nent farmers  and  large  property  owners.  A 
descendant  of  one  of  these  earl}'  settlers  in 
York  county,  was  Henry  Manifold,  the  fa- 
ther of  Joseph  Manifold,  and  the  paternal 
grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

Joseph  Manifold  was  born  1810  and  mar- 
ried Rebecca  Perry  Martin,  a  daughter  of 
Rev.  Samuel  Martin,  a  prominent  Scotch- 
Irish  minister  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 
whose  principal  pastorates  were  at  Slate 
Ridge,  and  Chanceford  churches,  the  lat- 
ter of  which  he  served  for  over  40  years. 
Joseph  Manifold  was  the  father  of  six  chil- 


dren, whose  names  are  as  follows:  Rose  E., 
deceased  wife  of  Z.  H.  Dougherty,  Henry 
A.  Manifold,  deceased,  Eliza  A.,  deceased, 
wife  of  C.  C.  Smith;  ]\Iarg-aret  J.  ;Manifold 
and  W.  F.  Manifold. 

Samuel  Martin  Manifold  grew  to  man- 
hood on  his  father's  farm  and  received  a 
fair  English  education  in  the  common  and 
select  schools  of  his  neighborhood.  Hard- 
ly had  his  school  days  closed,  when  the 
great  Civil  conflict  in  our  country  began, 
and,  with  patriotic  zeal.  ^Ir.  Alanifold  of- 
fered his  services  in  behalf  of  his  nation, 
on  May  23,  1869,  he  enlisted  in  company  A, 
2ist  Regiment, Pennsylvania  cavalry, which 
was  originally  organized  for  six  months 
service,  but  after  the  expiration  of  his  term 
of  service,  he  re-enlisted  in  the  same  Regi- 
ment and  served  for  a  period  of  three  years. 
At  the  time  of  his  enlistment  he  was  a  pri- 
vate but  received  successive  promotions 
for  his  gallantry  until  he  was  commissioned 
lieutenant  of  his  company.  Mr-  Manifold 
was  a  participant  in  the  campaigns  of  the 
Shenandoah  Valley,  the  siege  of  Peters- 
burg, the  campaigns  under  Sheridan  and 
took  part  in  the  battles  of  North  Anna, 
Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg  and  numerous 
other  engagements  and  skirmishes.  He 
was  honorably  discharged  at  Lynchburg, 
Va.,  about  July  20th,  1865.  After  the  war 
was  ended  he  returned  home  and  engaged 
in  farming  until  1872,  in  which  latter  year 
he  joined  a  railroad  engineer  corps  as  axe- 
man and  began  his  career  in  connection 
with  railroading.  From  axeman  he  was 
next  made  rodman,  then  assistant  engineer 
and  finally  in  1875,  chief  engineer  of  the 
construction  work  of  the  Peach  Bottom 
railroad.  While  serving  in  subordinate 
positions  he  studied  railroading  thoroughly 
and  to  a  purpose,  and  between  1875  and 
1878,  he  located,  surveyed  and  superin- 
tended the  successful  construction  of  the 
last  20   miles   of  what   is   now   the   York 


3i6 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Southern  R.  R.  through  a  very  difficult 
section  of  the  county.  In  1878  he  became 
superintendent  of  the  York  and  Peach  Bot- 
tom R.  R.,  and  served  acceptably  as  such 
for  ten  years,  when  he  accepted  the  posi- 
tion of  road  master  of  the  Baltimore  and 
Lehigh  railway,  with  which  he  was  connec- 
ted up  to  1 89 1.  In  the  latter  year  he  sur- 
veyed an  extension  of  the  Stewartstown 
railway  into  Delta,  and  a  few  months  later 
took  charge  of  a  position  in  the  transpor- 
tation departments  of  the  Pennsylvania 
railroad,  with  offices  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
and  Baltimore,  Md.,  which  office  he  re- 
signed in  April,  1893,  to  become  master  of 
transportation  of  the  Baltimore  and  Lehigh 
R.  R.  In  the  same  year  a  receiver  was  ap- 
pointed for  the  last  named  road  and  Mr. 
Manifold  became  General  Manager,  which 
office  he  held  until  that  corporation  was 
merged  in  the  York  Southern  railway.  He 
has  held  'honorable  connection  ever  since 
with  that  company- 

On  January  ist,  1875,  Mr.  Manifold  was 
united  in  happy  marital  union  with  Miss 
Sallie  E.  Gregg,  a  native  of  Chester  county, 
and  a  daughter  of  George  and  Sophia 
(Granger)  Gregg.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mani- 
fold have  been  born  six  children,  a  son  and 
five  daughters:  J.  Howard,  Roselma,  Myra 
Ross,  Emily  Martin,  Keziah  Warren  and 
Margaret.  The  son,  J.  Howard  Manifold, 
is  a  graduate  of  the  York  Collegiate  insti- 
tute and  subsequently  entered  the  Law  De- 
partment of  Yale  University  from  which 
he  was  graduated  in  June  1896,  and  in 
which  he  is  now  taking  a  special  course 
in  corporation  and  railroad  law. 

In  politics  Mr.  Manifold  is  a  strong  dis- 
ciple of  the  principles  taught  in  the  Re- 
publican faith,  but  has  never  found  time 
to  accept  any  political  office  beyond  one 
term  as  member  of  city  council.  He  and 
Mrs.  Manifold  are  members  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  church,  of  York-     Fraternally 


he  is  a  member  of  the  Ancient  Order  of 
United  Workmen,  of  General  Sedgwick 
Post,  No.  37,  Grand  Army  oi  the  Republic, 
and  of  York  Conclave,  124,  Improved 
Order  of  Heptasophs.  In  addition  to  his 
arduous  and  active  duties  in  connection 
with  the  York  Southern  Railroad,  Mr. 
Manifold  has  also  been  interested  in  the 
development  of  the  Peach  Bottom  slate 
quarries  and  is  president  of  the  Delta  Peach 
Bottom  Slate  Company,  one  of  the  leading 
concerns  in  the  slate  region  of  York 
county.  He  is  a  man  of  good  executive 
ability  and  business  capacity,  energetic, 
far-sighted,  and  prudent  and  easily  ranks 
among  the  leading  citizens  of  the  19th 
Congressional  District. 

REV.  GEORGE  L.  SMITH,  the  pres- 
ent pastor  of  Calvary  Presbyterian 
church,  of  York,  Pennsylvania,  since  its 
organization  in  1883,  was  born  in  West- 
chester county.  New  York,  June  15,  1837. 
He  is  a  son  of  Samuel  D.  and  Sallie  A. 
(Delavan)  Smith-  His  paternal  grand- 
father. Job  Smith,  of  evidently  English  des- 
cent, was  a  farmer  and  merchant  and  an  all 
round  business  man,  who  resided  in  Dela- 
ware county.  New  York,  and  his  son  Sam- 
uel D.  Smith  was  born  in  Monticello,  N. 
Y.  Samuel  D.  Smith  was  a  man  of  good 
education,  taught  school  for  several  terms 
and  followed  merchandizing  and  other  lines 
of  business  subsequently.  He  was  a  Pres- 
byterian in  church  membership,  a  Whig 
and  Republican  in  politics  and  served  as 
justice  of  the  peace.  A  man  of  modest 
demeanor,  he  was  highly  esteemed  for  his 
quiet  activity  in  educational  matters  and  the 
common  interests  of  his  neighborhood.  He 
was  born  January,  1808,  died  June  29th, 
1869,  and  was  buriedatSouth Salem, West- 
chester county.  New  York.  He  was  a 
grandson  of  Judge  Miller  of  Revolutionary 
fame.     His   marriage  with   Sallie  A.   De- 


REV.  GEORGE  L.  SMITH. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


317 


lavan,  who  was  of  French  descent,  resuUed 
in  the  birth  of  three  children,  who  grew  to 
maturity:  Rosswell  D.,  a  minister  and  ph)'- 
sician,  of  New  York  City;  Rev.  George  L., 
subject,  and  Elbert  M.,for  sometime  a  mer- 
chant, but  at  present  connected  with  the 
D.  L.  &  W.  R.  R.  company. 

Rev.  George  L-  Smith  obtained  his  early 
education  in  the  public  schools,  later  con- 
tinued his  studies  with  Rev.  A.  L.  Linds- 
ley,  D.  D.,  lately  connected  with  the  Pres- 
byterian Theological  Seminary  at  San 
Francisco,  and  then  in  Union  College, 
Schenectady,  New  York,  and  New  York 
University.  He  was  graduated  from  New 
York  University  in  1862.  In  the  same 
year  he  matriculated  in  Princeton  Theolog- 
cal  Seminary  and  was  graduated  in  the 
class  of  1865,  of  which  Rev.  Francis  L.  Pat- 
ton,  LL.  D.,  S.  Stanhope  Orris,  Ph.  D., 
Prof.  Raymond,  all  of  Princeton  Univer- 
sity, and  Rev.  E.  T.  Jeffers,  D.  D.,  Presi- 
dent of  the  York  Collegiate  Institute,  were 
members.  About  the  time  of  graduation 
he  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Second 
Presbytery,  of  New  York,  ordained  to  the 
ministry  by  the  Presbytery  of  Passaic,  New 
Jersey,  within  the  bounds  of  which  he  had 
been  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Presby- 
terian church  at  Rutherford,  New  Jersey. 
Here  he  remained  in  his  ministerial  rela- 
tions until  the  year  1871,  when  he  was 
called  to  the  charge  at  Ewing,  New  Jersey, 
with  which  he  labored  for  a  period  of 
nearly  eight  years.  Subsequently,  he  re- 
ceived a  call  to  the  First  Presbyterian 
church  at  Cedarville,  in  the  same  State,  and 
accqjted  and  continued  as  the  incumbent  of 
that  body  until  August,  1883,  when  he 
moved  to  York,  Pennsylvania,  and  finally 
accepted  the  pastorate  of  Calvary  Presby- 
terian church  at  that  place.  His  new  field 
was  an  experimental  one  in  a  large  degree. 
Upon  his  advent  he  found  a  Sunday  school 
established  but  neither  church  edifice  nor 


church  organization.  The  former  had  for 
its  meeting  place  at  first  a  cooper  shop  in 
the  southeastern  part  ot  the  city  of  York, 
and  on  August  5th,  1882,  comprised  37 
scholars,  five  teachers  and  two  visitors.  In 
conjunction  with  the  Sunday  school,  cot- 
tage prayer  meetings  were  held,  and  in  a 
very  short  time  a  sufficient  number  of  de- 
votees was  attracted  to  necessitate  larger 
and  more  commodious  accommodations. 
Consequently  the  erection  of  a  chapel  was 
begun,  finished  and  opened  for  public  wor- 
ship in  November  of  the  same  year.  Near- 
ly a  year  later  a  movement  was  started  for 
the  org-anization  of  a  church,  an  application 
was  made  to  the  Presbytery  of  Westmin- 
ster, which  met  in  Lancaster  County,  Sep- 
tember 25,  1883,  and  a  committee  was  ap- 
pointed, which  met  October  g.  1883,  and 
formally  organized  Calvary  Presbyterian 
church  with  an  enrollment  of  27  members. 
Rev.  Dr.  Henry  E.  Niles,  presided,  Rev. 
Dr.  McDougall  took  part  in  the  devotional 
exercises,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Crawford  gave  the 
charge  to  the  newly  elected  elders,  all  of 
which  was  followed  by  an  address  by  the 
Rev.  George  L.  Smith.  On  October  17, 
1883,  an  invitation  was  extended  Rev.  Mr. 
Smith  to  accept  the  ofhce  of  pastor  of  the 
newly  organized  church,  and  on  the  30th 
of  the  same  month  he  was  duly  installed 
by  the  Presb}'tery  of  Westminster.  Dur- 
ing the  installation  service  Rev.  G.  W.  Ely, 
of  Columbia,  presided,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Mc- 
Dougall, President  of  the  York  Collegiate 
Institute  at  that  time,  preached  the  sermon. 
Rev.  Dr.  C.  W.  Stewart,  of  Coleraine,  de- 
livered the  charge  to  the  pastor  and  Rev. 
Dr.  Henry  E.  Niles,  of  York  addressed  the 
people.  Subsequently  the  chapel  received 
four  material  additions  in  the  way  of  en- 
largement. Its  insufficiency  to  accommo- 
date the  congregation  being  soon  recog- 
nized, ground  was  broken  on  May  25,  1885, 
for  the  present  church  edifice,  whose  corner 


3i8 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


stone  was  laid  July  21,  1885-  This  church 
was  dedicated  February  16,  1886,  and  the 
manse  for  the  pastor  was  begun  and  com- 
pleted in  the  year  1890,  the  group  of  Cal- 
vary buildings  presenting  an  attractive  and 
tasteful  appearance.  The  buildings  and 
organization  of  this  church  are  a  monu- 
ment to  the  labors  of  Rev.  George  L. 
Smith  and  the  generous  and  open-handed 
contributions  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel 
Small,  Sr.,  Mr.  Samuel  Small,  Jr.,  and 
others  of  the  congregation.  The  record  of 
growth  in  membership  since  1883  is  from 
37  to  about  three  hundred,  which  speaks 
more  eloquently  than  words  of  the  effect- 
iveness and  emphatic  results  of  concen- 
trated labor  in  the  cause  of  the  church  and 
of  Christianity,  by  those  devoted  to  the 
moral  and  religious  interests  of  Calvary 
Presbyterian  church.  Within  the  church 
organization,  Mr.  Smith  has  been  largely 
instrumental  in  suggesting  and  instituting 
a  number  of  auxiliary  organizations,  which 
constitute  no  inconsiderable  part  of  its  his- 
tory. These  organizations  are  the  Pastor's 
Aid,  Temperance,  and  Christian  Endeavor 
Societies  whose  functions  are  centered  in 
local  interests;  the  Rays  of  Light  and  the 
Ladies'  Home  Missionary  Society  to  assist 
in  spreading  the  gospel  in  remote  portions 
of  our  own  land;  and  the  Woman's  For- 
eign Missionary  Society,  and  the  Little 
Light  Bearers,  whose  common  object  is  to 
scatter  the  good  seed  of  Christian  living 
and  the  fruit  of  Christian  character  among 
heathen  nations. 

On  November  21,  1865,  Rev.  George  L. 
Smith  was  united  in  marriage  with  Carrie 
N.  Olden,  of  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  whose 
death  took  place  on  August  12,  1871. 
Nearly  eight  years  after  her  death,  Mr. 
Smith,  on  June  5,  1879,  wedded  Sarah  G. 
Scudder,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  J.  W.  Scudder, 
of  Ewing,  New  Jersey.  By  his  first  mar- 
riage he  had  two  children,  one  of  whom 


died  in  infancy,  and  the  other,  George  E., 
is  now  connected  with  the  York  Daily. 

Rev.  George  L.  Smith  has  always  taken 
a  deep  interest  in  civic  and  governmental 
affairs.  He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  ex- 
ercises an  intelligent  and  discriminating 
ballot,  and  is  a  patron  of  educational  and 
charitable  institutions.  He  is  a  frequent 
contributor  to  religious  newspapers,  has 
written  and  published  two  serial  stories, 
many  of  his  sermons  have  been  published 
in  leading  journals  and  pamphlet  form  and 
he  has  been  prominent  in  the  higher  assem- 
blies of  his  church  as  well.  For  several 
years  he  has  served  on  the  board  of  trus- 
tees of  the  York  Collegiate  Institute,  as 
vice  president  of  the  board,  and  secretary 
of  the  executive  committee. 

WALKER  A.  DROMGOLD,  senior 
member  of  the  well-known  firm  of 
Hench  &  Dromgold,  manufacturers  of 
agricultural  implements  and  machinery,  of 
York,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  son  of  John  and 
Bandinah  (HencM  Dromgold,  and  was 
born  near  Ickesburg,  Perry  county.  Pa., 
March  4th,  1850.  He  is  descended  from 
Scotch-Irish  ancestry.  Thomas  Drom- 
gold. his  grandfather,  was  born  in  the 
county  of  Louth,  near  Dublin,  in  the  King- 
dom of  Ireland,  subject  to  the  King  of 
the  United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland,  where  his  father  was  a  merchant, 
mill  owner  and  farmer.  The  former  came 
to  the  United  States  when  a  young  man; 
he  emigrated  from  Warren  Point,  in  the 
north  of  Ireland,  on  or  about  the  nth  day 
of  May,  1801,  and  arrived  at  New  Castle, 
State  of  Delaware,  in  the  United  States  of 
America,  on  the  22d  day  of  July  in  the 
same  year.  From  there  he  traveled,  largely 
on  foot,  to  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  he 
continued  his  journey,  following  the  tow- 
path,   until   he   reached   Millerstown,    Pa. 


/^{/^i^^^ic^ 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


319 


Shortly  after  his  arrival  he  settled  near  Mil- 
lerstown,  Perry  county,  Pa.,  and  subse- 
quently removed  to  Donally's  Mills  in  the 
same  county.  Soon  after  he  purchased  a 
farm  near  Ickesburg,  Perry  county.  He 
married  Elizabeth  Donally,  of  Donally's 
Mills,  who  bore  him  a  family  of  four  chil- 
dren, three  sons  and  one  daughter.  He 
continued  to  reside  there  until  the  time  of 
his  death;  his  wife  Elizabeth,  also  resided 
on  the  old  homestead,  being  cared  for  by 
the  father  of  our  subject. 

At  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  in 
Bloomfield,  in  and  for  the  county  of  Perry, 
in  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  in 
the  United  States  of  America,  on  the  5th 
day  of  January,  Anno  Domini,  One  Thou- 
sand Eight  Hundred  and  Thirty,  came  into 
open  court,  Thomas  Dromgold,  a  native  of 
Ireland,  and  exhibited  his  petition  and  affi- 
davit, stating  that  he  is  a  free  white  man, 
and  an  alien,  that  he  is  about  55  years  of 
age,  as  did  appear  by  the  Certificate  of  Reg- 
istry, therewith  presented  under  the  seal 
of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States 
for  the  district  of  Delaware,  that  he  has 
continued  to  reside  since  the  day  of  his  ar- 
rival, in  and  under  the  jurisdicton  of  the 
United  States,  that  he  is  desirous  and  will- 
ing to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  renounce  forever,  all  allegi- 
ance and  fidelity  to  any  foreign  Prince, 
Potentate,  State  or  Sovereignty  whatever, 
and  particularly  to  George  the  Fourth, 
King  of  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland. 

WHEREUPON  the  Court  ADMITTED 
the  said  THOMAS  DROMGOLD  to  be- 
come a  citizen  of  United  States  of  Amer- 
ica, agreeable  to  the  Acts  of  Congress  in 
such  case  made  and  provided. 

UPON  the  TESTIMONY  of  Jacob 
Fritz  and  George  Monroe,  Esqs.,  citizens 
of  the  Unitea  States,  and  duly  sworn  for 
the  Petitioner,  I,  George  Stroop,  Prothon- 


otary,  have  hereunto  set  my  hand,  and  af- 
fixed the  seal  of  the  said  court  at  Bloom- 
field,  this  eleventh  day  of  June,  Anno  Dom- 
ini, One  Thousand  Eight  Hundred  and 
Thirty. 

Thomas  Dromgold  was  among  the  early 
settlers  of  Perry  county.  He  died  March 
8,  1841,  aged  about  62  years.  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  the  elder  Dromgold  died  September 
28th,  i860,  in  the  74th  year  of  her  age. 

John  Dromgold,  one  of  the  three  sons 
(Edward  and  Manassas  being  the  others) 
of  the  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  bom 
on  the  old  homestead  farm,  near  Ickesburg, 
on  March  20,  1811,  and  died  near  Ickes- 
burg, on  his  farm,  January  13,  1887. 

On  the  iSth  of  August,  1834,  he  married 
Bandinah  Hench,  daughter  of  Samuel  and 
Elizabeth  (Yohn)  Hench.  They  had  two 
sons  and  three  daughters,  of  which  the  sub- 
ject's mother  was  the  eldest.  The  subject's 
grandfather,  Samuel  Hench,  had  three 
brothers  and  five  sisters:  John,  Jacob, 
Peter,  Elizabeth,  Susan,  Catharine,  Mary 
and  Lina.  Samuel  Hench's  farm  adjoined 
the  elder  Dromgold's  farm. 

Bandinah  Hench  Dromgold  was  born 
January  17,  1815,  and  died  December  i, 
1876.  The  first  five  years  after  their  mar- 
riage, they  resided  on  a  farm  near  Dever's 
Run,  subsequently  removed  to  Juniata 
county,  near  Port  Royal,  in  Turbett  town- 
ship, a  few  years  later  removed  to  Spruce 
Hill  township,  and  finally  returned  to  their 
native  county  where  they  lived  the  remain- 
der of  their  lives.  He  became  the  owner  of 
his  father's  large  farm  containing  about 
six  hundred  acres,  three  hundred  of  which 
he  improved.  In  addition  to  this  he  erec- 
ted a  number  of  tenant  houses,  was  a  large 
employer  of  labor  and  withal  a  man  of 
prominence  in  this  section  of  the  county. 
He  was  elected  at  various  times  to 
different  public  offices  in  his  township, 
and    was    active    in    political    and    busi- 


330 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


ness  affairs  generally.  Politically  he  was 
a  supporter  of  the  Democratic  party, 
and  in  his  religious  affiliations  was 
a  consistent  and  valued  member  of  the 
Lutheran  church.  The  fruitage  of  this  un- 
ion was  five  sons  and  four  daughters: 
Eliza  J.,  deceased,  wife  of  Solomon  Bower, 
deceased,  Blain,  Pa.,  J.  Ellen,  wife  of  Nich- 
olas Ickes,  a  resident  of  the  State  of  Ne- 
braska, Maggie  A.,  deceased,  wife  of  George 
Kochenderfer,  Sarah  P.,  deceased,  wife  of 
Philip  Kell,  of  Ickesburg,  Pa.,  Samuel  M., 
resident  of  Blain,  Perry  county,  William  S., 
living  on  the  old  homestead.  Dr.  Thomas 
M.,  a  practicing  physician,  located  at  Sen- 
eca, Illinois.  Walker  A.,  subject.  Dr.  Stew- 
art T.,  a  practicing  physican  located  at  El- 
more, Ohio. 

Walker  A.  Dromgold  was  reared  on  the 
farm  upon  which  he  was  born  and  received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools,  at 
Spring  Grove  and  Mt.  Pleasant.  After 
leaving  school  he  engaged  in  farming  with 
his  father,  with  whom  he  remained  until 
he  reached  his  majority.  Immediately  sub- 
sequent to  this  he  conducted  a  farm  on  his 
own  account  for  a  period  of  three  years 
and  after\vard  removed  to  Patterson,  Jun- 
iata county,  where  he  continued  agricul- 
tural and  kindred  pursuits  on  the  estate  of 
Hon.  James  North,  a  prominent  citizen  of 
that  county.  From  here  he  removed  to 
Turbett  township,  the  same  county,  where 
he  continued  to  reside  until  1877,  when  he 
disposed  of  his  interests,  and  associated 
himself  with  S.  Nevin  Hench,  of  Ickesburg, 
Pa.,  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  agricul- 
tural implements  near  Port  Royal.  This 
connection  was  maintained  for  two  years, 
when  he  removed  to  Perry  county  to  take 
charge  of  his  father's  farm  and  where  he 
continued  to  reside  during  the  succeeding 
three  years.  His  duties  in  connection  with 
his  father's  farm  he  supplemented  by  selling 
agricultural  implements.     In  1882  he  left 


Perry  county  and  removed  to  York,  Penn- 
sylvania, which  has  since  become  the  place 
of  his  residence  and  the  seat  of  his  business 
activities. 

He  is  a  man  of  large  practical  experience, 
inventive  genius  and  good  business  capac- 
ity, and  has  succeeded  in  making  a  worthy 
name  for  himself  in  the  domain  of  manufac- 
turing and  commercial  industry.  He  pos- 
sesses unusual  energy,  is  a  vigorous  work- 
er, and  his  success  in  his  special  lines  has 
been  amply  deserved. 

In  the  formation  of  the  National  Har- 
row Company,  of  New  York,  capitalized  at 
$200,000.00  he  was  elected  a  Director  in  the 
interests  of  Hench  &  Dromgold  and  served 
for  several  years.  A  few  years  later  upon  the 
formation  of  the  Standard  Harrow  Com- 
pany, corporation,  of  Jersey  City,  New  Jer- 
sey, capitalized  at  $2,000,000.00,  on  account 
of  his  large  practical  knowledge  and  good 
business  abilities,  his  associates  elected  him 
one  of  its  directors. 

His  residence  on  Linden  Avenue  is  com- 
modious and  tasteful,  within  which  is  cen- 
tered a  happy  domestic  circle. 

In  politics  Mr.  Dromgold  is  a  Republi- 
can and  for  some  years  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Select  Council  of  his  adopted  city. 
He  is  a  member  of  Heidelberg  Reformed 
church,  in  which  he  is  an  elder,  and  is  ear- 
nestly devoted  to  such  movements  as  have 
for  their  end  the  moral  and  social  up-build- 
ing of  the  community.  On  September  23, 
1871,  he  wa'^  joined  in  marriage  with 
Martha  E.  Shull,  a  daughter  of  William 
Shull,  of  Ickesburg,  Perry  county.  Pa.  They 
have  five  children,  Lelia  Alice,  Corinne, 
Thomas  Edward,  Bradie  Lawrence  and 
William  Shull.  Corinne  and  William  S. 
died  in  infancy,  and  Bradie  L.  died  aged  5 
years,  7  months  and  20  days.  Mrs.  Drom- 
gold died  on  November  24,  1881,  and  on 
February  19,  1891,  Mr.  Dromgold  re-mar- 
ried,— his  present  wife  being  Ella  F.  Wilt, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


321 


of  York,  Pennsylvania,  who  has  borne  him 
three  children,  Florence  Aileen,  Davis  El- 
kins  and  Kathryn  Isabel.  Davis  Elkins 
died  in  infancy. 

REV-  WILLIAM  S.  FREAS,  D.  D., 
of  St.  Paul's  Evangelical  Lutheran 
church,  of  York,  is  a  son  of  Jesse  W.  and 
Ann  Catherine  (Streeper)  Freas,  and  was 
born  in  White  Marsh  township,  Montgom- 
ery county,  Pennsylvania,  May  11,  1848. 
Rev.  Dr.  Freas  is  of  German  descent. 

During  his  boyhood,  William  S.  Freas 
attended  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
township  and  Treemount  Seminary  at  Nor- 
ristown,  Pennsylvania.,  then  conducted  by 
Prof.  John  W.  Loch.  Subsequently  he  en- 
tered Pennsylvania  College  at  Gettysburg, 
this  State,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
with  the  first  honors  of  his  class  in  1873. 
Leaving  college  he  immediately  entered  the 
Lutheran  Theological  Seminary  located  at 
the  same  place,  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated in  1876.  In  September,  1876,  he 
was  ordained  to  the  ministry  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  church  at  Everett,  Bed- 
ford county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1880.  In  February  of  that 
year  he  became  pastor  of  the  Hughesville 
church,  Lycoming  county,  which  he  left 
in  September,  1882,  to  take  charge  of  the 
First  Lutheran  church,  of  Carlisle,  Penn- 
sylvania, where  he  labored  during  the  suc- 
ceeding three  years.  At  the  end  of  that 
time,  in  December,  1885,  he  became  pas- 
tor of  St.  Paul's  Evangelical  Lutheran 
church  of  York  and  has  sustained  that  re- 
lationship ever  since. 

The  present  church  edifice  of  St.  Paul's 
congregation  is  located  on  the  corner  of 
South  Beaver  and  West  King  streets,  and 
was  erected  between  the  years  1869  and 
1871  at  a  cost  of  $70,000.  The  seating  ca- 
pacity is  about  800  and  the  church  building 
is  regarded  as  one  of  the  finest  and  most 


delightfully  situated  structures  in  the  city. 
St.  Paul's  church  was  organized  February 
26,  1836,  with  98  members  and  its  Sunday 
school  was  established  in  November  follow- 
ing. The  first  church  edifice  was  built  in 
1836  and  '37  and  stood  on  the  site  of  the 
present  structure,  while  the  parsonage  was 
purchased  in  1842.  When  Rev.  Dr.  Freas 
became  pastor  in  1885,  the  church  had  a 
membership  of  450  which  under  his  minis- 
try has  increased  to  600,  while  the  Sunday 
school  has  grown  during  the  same  period 
from  a  membership  of  400  to  550.  Rev. 
Dr.  Freas  is  the  fourth,  and,  so  far,  last,  of 
the  pastors  of  St.  Paul's  church.  The  first 
pastor  was  Rev.  Jonathan  Oswald,  D.  D., 
who  served  from  1836  to  i860.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Rev.  William  M.  Baum,  D. 
D.,  whose  pastoral  labors  closed  in  1873, 
and  whose  successor  Prof.  L.  A.  Gotwald, 
D.  D.,  took  charge  the  same  year  and 
served  until  1885,  when  the  present  pastor 
was  called. 

On  June  5th,  1878,  Rev.  Dr.  Freas  mar- 
ried Ella  A.  Streeper,  a  daughter  of  Jacob 
Streeper,  one  time  editor  and  proprietor  of 
the  Montgomery  County  Ledger,  published 
at  Pottstown.  Mrs.  Freas  died  June  22, 
1894,  leaving  five  children:  William,  How- 
ard, Raymond,  Elizabeth  and  Richard. 

Rev.  Dr.  Freas,  in  recognition  of  his  ser- 
vices as  pastor,  religious  teacher  and  his 
well-known  literary  attainments,  received 
the  degree  of  D.  D.,  from  Wittenberg  col- 
lege, Springfield,  O.  In  his  field  of  labor 
he  has  been  a  commanding  figure  in  its 
moral  and  religious  growth.  He  is  not 
only  active  and  prominent  in  church  work 
but  has  manifested  unusual  public  spirit 
and  zeal  in  all  social,  municipal  and  eco- 
nomic reforms  touching  the  welfare  of  the 
community  in  which  he  resides.  He  is 
President  of  the  West  Pennsylvania  Synod 
of  the  Lutheran  Church,  President  of  the 
Board  of  Church  Extension,  has  been  sec- 


3^2 


filOGEAPiilCAL  AND  PORTRAIT  CYCLOPEDIA. 


retary  of  the  General  Synod  for  the  last  ten 
years  and  has  served  in  various  other  ofH- 
cial  capacities  in  the  higher  councils  of  the 
church. 

BENNETT  BELLMAN,  ESQ.,  was 
born  at  the  foot  of  the  beautiful 
South  Mountain,  in  the  old  family  home- 
stead at  Mt.  Holly  Springs,  this  county, 
April  1st,  1853,  and  is  descended,  on  the 
maternal  line  from  James  Moore,  the  el- 
der, who  resided  there  and  was  a  large 
landowner  in  South  Middleton  township 
before  the  formation  of  the  county. 
James  Moore  died  in  September,  1767, 
leaving  issue  alive  at  the  time  of  his  death 
four  sons  and  three  daughters,  viz:  Wil- 
liam, John,  James  and  Robert,  and  daugh- 
ters, Mary  intermarried  with  Thomas  Wil- 
son, Jane,  (called  also  Jean)  the  great- 
grandmother  of  our  subject,  intermarried 
vnth  John  Thompson,  and  Agnes,  who 
married  Capt.  John  Steel,  an  ante-revolu- 
tionary member  of  this  bar  and  son  of  Rev. 
John  Steel,  celebrated  in  the  Indian  War 
and  known  as  the  "fighting  parson."  John 
Thompson  served  in  the  Revolution  and 
was  commissioned  as  a  lieutenant  by  the 
Marquise  de  Lafayette.  Their  daughter, 
Elizabeth  Thompson,  married  Rev.  Jasper 
Bennett,  and  their  only  daughter,  Mary, 
married  Rev.  Henry  W.  Bellman,  by  whom 
there  was  issue  two  sons,  Bennett  Thomp- 
son, and  Samuel  H.  Bellman,  deceased. 

On  the  paternal  side  he  is  descended 
from  German,  and  earlier  (probably)  of 
Swedish  ancestry,  in  which  "freundschaft" 
was  Carl  Michael  Bellman,  the  great  na- 
tional poet  of  Sweden  and  imtimate  friend 
of  Gustavus  H.  In  German  the  original 
name  is  Von  Bellman. 

Rev.  Jasper  Bennett  owned,  by  his  wife's 
inheritance,  most  of  the  land  on  which  the 
beautiful  town  of  Mt.  Holly  Springs  is 
now  built.     Rev.  Henry  W.  Bellman  died 


in    i860,  in   charge   of   a   congregation   at 
Richmond,  Va. 

As  a  child  Bennett  Bellman  was  left  an 
orphan  under  the  charge  of  two  guardians, 
one  of  whom  was  a  son  of  Governor  Rit- 
ner.  Six  thousand  dollars  of  the  estate 
held  by  them  was  donated  to  foreign  mis- 
sions. He  had  the  advantage  of  a  good 
academic  and  collegiate  education,  but  his 
health  failing,  he  finished  his  studies  under 
a  private  tutor  and  subsequently  took  post- 
graduate courses  in  metaphysics,  literature 
and  jurisprudence.  Prior  to  this  time  he 
read  law  with  the  broad-brained  and  schol- 
arly General  A.  Brady  Sharpe,  of  Carlisle, 
and,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  was  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  of  Cumberland  county,  and, 
upon  the  motion  of  his  preceptor,  three 
years  later,  to  the  Supreme  Court  of 
the  State.  He  began  to  build  up  a  success- 
ful practice,  but  was  almost  immediately 
ordered  to  Florida  and  condemned  to  death 
by  specialists  in  the  name  of  pulmonary 
consumption.  He  did  not  die  but  realized 
for  several  years,  all  the  feelings  of  a  crim- 
inal who  is  thus  condemned.  While  upon 
the  St.  John's  he  w^as  for  a  week  or  more 
the  companion  of  Gen.  Lew  Wallace,  who 
had  not  yet  become  immortal  by  writing 
Ben  Hur.  Pie  went  to  six  countries  in  Eu- 
rope, seeing  leisurely  the  romantic  beau- 
ties of  the  Rhine,  climbing  some  of  the 
highest  peaks  in  Switzerland  but  spendmg 
most  of  the  time  in  France  and  amid  the 
beautiful  scenery,  the  historic  associations 
and  the  art  treasures  of  Italy.  While  in 
Italy  be  saw  the  meeting  of  King  William, 
of  Germany,  and  of  Victor  Emanuel  at 
Milan.  In  Paris  and  in  Italy  he  spent 
much  of  his  time  with  Gen.  Heintzlenian, 
of  Grant's  staff,  and  in  Florence  and  Ver- 
ona wth  Charlemagne  Tower,  now  Minis- 
ter to  the  Court  of  Austria.  While  in  Rome 
(the  Rome  of  Victor  Emanuel  and  Pio 
Nino)  he  studied  the  ruins  of  that  ancient 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


323 


city  under  the  instruction  of  the  celebrated 
sculptor  and  archaeologist,  Shakespeare 
Wood,  caught  the  Roman  fever,  saw  the 
great  carnival  of  1876,  and  visited  Gari- 
baldi. 

When  he  returned  with  health  partially 
restored  he  did  not  resume  the  practice  of 
law,  but  drifted  into  the  Bohemia  of  News- 
paperdom,  editing,  among  others,  the 
Harrisburg  Independent  (1882),  and  be- 
coming, later,  editorial  writer  of  The  Har- 
risburg Call,  telegraphic  editor  Baltimore 
Herald  (1886),  editor  of  The  Republican, 
Carlisle  (1890),  also  first  local  editor  of 
Carlisle  Daily  Herald  and  of  The  Leader, 
of  the  same  place,  but  doing,  frequently, 
literary  and  editorial  work  for  other  papers 
and  magazines  with  which  he  was  not 
otherwise  connected.  As  a  public  speaker 
he  has  lectured,  but  always  for  benevolent 
purposes,  and  made,  by  appointment  of  the 
Republican  Committee,  more  speeches  in 
the  Garfield  campaign  than  any  other 
speaker  in  the  county. 

His  love  for  metaphysics  and  literature 
was  always  greater  than  for  anything  else, 
and  he  began  writing  verses  in  his  teens 
until,  finally,  they  attracted  the  kindly  at- 
tention of  Charles  A.  Dana  and  of  John 
Greenleaf  Whittier,  who  wrote  kindly  let- 
ters of  commendation  and  encouragement. 
Many  have  been  published  in  the  higher 
class  of"  periodicals  from  New  England  to 
the  Pacific  coast,  and  several  of  them,  re- 
cently, in  collections  of  poems  in  England, 
to  which  they  floated  without  the  author's 
knowledge  or  intention.  In  this  he  has 
never  tried  to  please  the  popular  taste  but 
only  to  write  honestly  and  artistically  what 
he  thought  and  felt.  In  1876  he  issued  his 
first  volume  of  220  pages  (and  of  160  pieces 
which  had  not  been  lost)  entitled  "Lighter 
Lyries  and  Other  Poems,"  which  edition 
of  500  copies  was  published  in  the  county, 
sold,  but  was,  as  is  usual  in  such  cases,  a 


financial  failure.  It  received  very  flatter- 
ing reviews  in  the  leading  New  York  and 
Philadelphia  dailies,  which  were  the  only 
places  where  it  was  sent  for  judgment. 

To  illustrate,  among  others  the  Phila- 
delphia Press  said:  "It  was  in  this  journal 
that  Bennett  Bellman,  of  Carlisle,  first 
commanded  the  attention  of  observant 
readers  by  his  very  melodious  verse.  How 
copious  this  has  been  and  how  rarely  good, 
this  volume  of  some  two  hundred  titles 
sufficiently  attests.  *  *  *  He  ranges 
with  equal  skill  from  the  difficult  simplicity 
of  the  manner  of  Whittier  to  the  more  flu- 
ent and  complex  manner  of  Swinburne,  and 
in  the  Swinburnian  style  he  shows  himself 
an  adept."  "Some  of  his  pastoral  poems," 
said  another  paper,  "are  gems  that  sparkle 
at  every  point."  And  the  Philadelphia  In- 
quirer, in  an  able  review  of  two  columns, 
entitled  "A  Pennsylvania  Poet,"  written  by 
its  literary  editor,  Robert  C.  McCabe,  said: 
"The  literature  of  America  is  the  richer  for 
the  production.  Not  that  he  will  ever  be- 
come, strictly  speaking,  a  popular  poet,  if 
the  present  volume  is  any  basis  for  proph- 
ecy. His  work  and  his  objective  point  is 
of  a  cast  that  will  not  appeal  to  the  taste 
of  every  one.  The  poems  contain  too  much 
philosophy — too  much  reaching  after  the 
"over-soul,"  the  higher  life — ^the  things  not 
of  the  earth  earthy,  to  please  the  careless 
reader  whose  ear  is  tickled  by  a  jingle  of 
rhyme.  There  is,  in  his  work,  a  tendency 
towards  too  much  abstract  thinking,  but 
this  is  easily  forgiven  on  account  of  his  fer- 
tile invention  and  the  infinite  variety  of  his 
muse  and  his  music.  *  *  *  Altogether, 
both  in  style  and  treatment  these  poems 
possess  more  lasting  merit  than  many 
which  have  assumed  prominent  places  in 
the  literature  of  this  country." 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  unfortun- 
ate some  years  ago  in  losing  all  that  he 
possessed  by  being  led  into  foolish  specu- 


324 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


lation,  and  much  of  his  work  has  been 
done  under  the  most  disadvantageous  cir- 
cuiustances  and  in  the  teeth  of  fortune. 

REV.  SAMUEL  N.  CALLENDER, 
D.  D.,  a  distinguished  divine  of  the 
Reformed  church  in  the  United  States  and 
secretary  of  its  Board  of  Foreign  Missions,, 
was  born  April  i6,  1820,  in  the  city  of  Har- 
risburg,  Pennsylvania,  the  son  of  Norman 
and  Elizabeth  D.  (Weistling)  Callender.  He 
is  at  present  a  resident  of  Mechanicsburg. 
Pa.  The  Callenders  are  of  English  origin 
and  emigrated  to  this  country  early  in  the 
Coloniial  period.  It  appears  that  there  was 
a  Callender,  in  all  probability  an  ancestor 
of  our  subject,  in  the  city  of  Boston  as 
early  as  1669. 

Nathaniel  Callender,  grandfather  of  Dr, 
Callender,  married  Olivia  Kellogg,  and  re- 
sided at  Shoreham,  Vermont,  later  moving 
to  Shefheld,  Afassachusetts.  He  was  a 
shoemaker  by  occupation  and  reared  a 
family  of  six  sons  and  four  daughters.  A 
number  of  years  after  his  marriage  he  re- 
moved from  the  State  of  Massachusetts  and 
came  to  Shippensburg,  Cumberland  coun- 
ty, Pennsylvania,  where  he  plied  his  voca- 
tion for  a  short  time  and  then  removed  to 
Ohio,  where  he  died. 

Nonnan  Callender,  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  born  in  Vermont  Aug.  3,  1793, 
and  when  a  youth  was  taken  to  Pennsyl- 
vania, when  his  father  removed  to  that 
State.  He  was  left  by  his  parents  in  Har- 
visburg,  Pa.,  to  learn  his  trade.  Pie  fol- 
lowed the  calling  of  shoe-maker  during  his 
earlier  years,  but  later  in  life  was  engaged 
in  the  drug  business  in  Harrisburg.  He 
did  not  locate  permanently  in  this  city, 
however,  but,  after  continuing  in  business 
there  for  some  years,  moved  to  Pittsburg 
and  thence  to  Meadville,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  engaged  in  the  drug  business  and 
lived  until  the  time  of  his  death,  which  oc- 


curred in  1893.  During  his  residence  at 
Harrisburg  Mr.  Callender  also  engaged  in 
tliC  iron  business  in  partnership  with  Ga- 
briel Heister,  father  of  the  late  Gen.  A.  O. 
Heister.  Their  mills  were  known  as  the 
I^airview  Rolling  Mills.  Mr.  Callender  was 
an  active  member  of  the  Reformed  church 
while  a  resident  of  Plarrisburg,  but  after 
removing  from  that  city  he  became  identi- 
fied with  the  Presbyterian  church.  During 
the  attack  on  Baltimore  in  the  war  of  1812, 
he  was  one  of  a  company  of  volunteers 
who  marched  to  the  relief  of  that  city,  but 
as  the  war  closed  soon  afterward,  he  prac- 
tically saw  no  service.  Mrs.  Callender  was 
Elizabeth  D., a  daughter  of  Samuel  Christo- 
pher Weistling,  a  native  of  Colba,  Kingdom 
of  Saxony,  Germany.  The  latter  came  to 
this  country  as  a  surgeon  on  a  Dutch  man- 
of-war.  He  landed  in  Philadelphia  and  as 
the  ship  was  in  need  of  some  repairs,  which 
would  require  some  time  to  make,  he  and 
a  companion  traveled  inland  to  the  German 
settlements.  On  their  return  to  report  on 
ship  he  stopped  at  a  hotel  over  night,  and 
finding  the  landlady  very  ill,  he  prescribed 
for  her  with  such  success  that  this  incident 
marked  the  beginning  of  a  splendid  prac- 
tice which  grew  up  during  his  leave  of  ab- 
sence. This  induced  him  to  locate  and 
practice  his  profession,  first  in  Montgomery 
county  and  then  in  Dauphin  county,  where 
he  lived  five  miles  northeast  of  Harrisburg, 
and  later,  in  the  city  itself.  He  built  up  a 
large  and  lucrative  practice  there,  but  being 
disabled  by  paralysis  later  in  life,  was  suc- 
ceeded by  two  of  his  sons.  To  the  union 
of  Norman  Callender  and  Elizabeth  Weist- 
ling were  born  nine  children:  Samuel  N., 
our  subject;  Cornelius  W.,  deceased,  who 
was  Principal  of  an  Institute  and  subse- 
quently President  of  a  Female  College  at 
Franklin,  Tennessee,  until  the  time  of  the 
civil  war,  when  he  lost  his  position  and  re- 
tired to  a  farm  in  Sumner  countv,  Tennes- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


325 


see;  Elizabeth  C,  and  Alaria  \'.,  who  re- 
side with  our  subject;  Ellen  W.,  widow  of 
Peter  A.  Laffer,  now  of  Meadville.  matron 
of  the  female  department  of  Alleg'heny 
College;  and  four  who  died  in  infancy. 

Rev.  Dr.  Callender  received  his  educa- 
tion at  Allegheny  College,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  in  1841,  and  at  the  Theolog- 
cal  Seminary  of  the  Reformed  church, 
.Alercersburg,  Franklin  county.  Pa.,  from 
which  latter  he  was  graduated  in  1845. 
After  his  graduation  he  immediately  be- 
came pastor  at  Funktown,  near  Flagers- 
town,  Maryland,  where  he  remained  five 
^■ears.  Fie  then  became  pastor  at  Jeffer- 
son, Frederick  county,  Maryland,  but  re- 
mained there  only  eig^iteen  months.  In 
1852  he  came  to  Chambersburg,  where  he 
remained  as  pastor  of  the  Reformed  congre- 
gation for  four  years.  The  next  nine  years 
of  his  life  were  spent  in  the  drug  business 
at  Meadville,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  en- 
tered into  partnership  with  his  father  and 
temporarily  disassociated  himself  from  the 
ministry.  In  1866  he  resumed  preaching 
at  Gi-eencastle,  Pennsylvania,  where  he 
filled  a  pastorate  for  four  years.  Failing 
health  caused  him  to  retire  a  second  tmie 
and  he  settled  on  a  farm  in  Rockingham 
county,  Virginia.  He,  however,  soon  after 
regained  his  health  and  for  the  next  twenty 
years  was  actively  engaged  in  ministerial 
work.  He  remained  in  Rockingham 
county,  Virginia,  sixteen  years  and  then  re- 
moved to  Mt.  Crawford,  Virginia,  where  he 
resided  four  years.  In  1890  he  was  ap- 
pointed Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions  and  the  following  year  he  re- 
moved to  Mechanicsburg,  where  he  still  re- 
sides. 

Uctober  16,  1848,  he  married  Eliza  Jane, 
daughter  of  Daniel  Harbine,  a  farmer  of 
Clear  Spring,  ilaryland  ,  by  whom  he  had 
eleven  children:  Norman  H.,  who  died  in 
I:ioyhood;   Daniel  W.,  dead;   Maria  Eliza- 


beth, at  home;  Mary  E.,  now  living;  Eliza 
Jane,  who  died  in  infancy;  Catharine,  who 
died  at  the  age  of  twenty-one;  Martha 
.\nn,  Adelaide,  both  of  whom  died  in  in- 
fancy; Cornelius  T.,  a  farmer  of  Rocking- 
ham county,  Virginia;  and  John  and  Ger- 
trude, both  deceased. 

In  1872  Rev.  Callender  received  the  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Mercers- 
burg  College,  Mercersburg,  Pa. 

HE.  PASSMORE,  supervisor  of  the 
•  Northern  Central  R.  R.,  is  one  of 
the  oldest  and  most  highly  respected  offi- 
cials connected  with  that  line,  which  has 
had  his  uninten^upted  service  since  1859. 
He  is  a  son  of  Jason  D.  and  Anna  (Etter) 
Passmore,  and  was  born  on  the  site  of 
Goldsboro,  Newberry  township,  York 
county,  Pennsylvania,  October  1st,  1834. 
Of  English  and  Quaker  ancestry,  rugged 
constitution,  and  large. size,  the  Passmores 
trace  their  American  ancestry  to  an  early 
period  in  the  history  of  the  State. 
For  several  generations  past  the  fam- 
ily has  been  mainly  resident  in  Lan- 
caster county,  where  John  Passmore, 
the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  born  and  reared.  The  lat- 
ter was  a  farmer  by  occupation  but  his  son, 
Jason  D.,  left  the  farm  early  in  life  to  learn 
carpentering  and  afterwards  engaged  in 
contracting  and  related  lines  of  business. He 
was  principally  employed  in  railroad  con- 
struction and  similar  operations.  Jason  D. 
Passmore  was  born  at  Doe  Run,  Lancaster 
county,  on  July  6,  1806,  and  died  at  York, 
Pa.,  at  the  age  of  84  years.  He  wedded 
Anna  Etter,  a  daughter  of  Flenry  Etter,  of 
Newberry  township,  and  to  their  union  was 
born  two  children. 

H.  E.  Passmore  was  reared  and  received 
his  education  in  his  native  county,  and  at 
an  early  age  engaged  in  clerical  work, 
which  he  followed  at  Harrisburg,  York  and 


326 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Middletown  until  the  year  1856.  In  that 
year  he  commenced  railroad  contracting  on 
the  Philadelphia  and  Erie  railroad,  and 
three  years  later  entered  the  service  of  the 
Northern  Central  R.  R.  Company  as  the 
conductor  of  a  consitruction  train,  which 
position  he  held  until  1862.  In  the  latter 
year  he  was  appK>inted  storekeeper  of  main- 
tenance of  way,  in  which  position  he  re- 
mained three  years.  He  was  then  made  as- 
sistant supervisor,  and  in  less  than  a  year 
was  promoted  to  the  head  of  that  depart- 
ment, which  important  place  he  has  held 
ever  since.  To  his  efforts  the  company  is 
largely  indebted  for  the  superiority  of  its 
road  bed  and  the  excellent  care  taken  of  its 
track.  When  he  assumed  his  present  po- 
sition, he  found  a  field  of  hard  work,  as 
well  as  unseen  possibilities,  but  working 
steadily  and  utilizing  every  means  within 
his  grasp  he  has  managed  to  bring  about 
a  well  organized  system  of  road  manage- 
ment. 

On  May  15,  1853  Mr.  Passmore  wedded, 
at  Middletown,  Pennsylvania,  Anna  L. 
Rebman,  who  was  a  daughter  of  John  and 
Catharine  Rebman,  natives  of  Dauphin 
county.  Mrs.  Passmore  passed  away  on 
November  29,  1895,  and  is  entombed  in 
Prospect  Cemetery,  York.  She  was  a  wo- 
man possessing  many  virtues  of  character, 
a  consistent  member  of  the  Lutheran 
church,  and  left  surviving  six  children: 
Seneca  S.,  connected  with  the  Northern 
Central  R.  R.,  in  the  capacity  of  weigh- 
master;  John  R.,  a  resident  of  Maryland; 
Henry  E.,  Jr.,  of  Philadelphia;  Anna  Kate, 
wife  of  R.  W.  Wilt,  foreman  of  the  Colum- 
bia Iron  works,  Georgia;  Mary  F.,  and  Lu- 
cile  W.,  wife  of  C.  H.  Sitler,  a  locomotive 
engineer,  of  York. 

Mr.  Passmore  is  a  supporter  of  the  Re- 
publican party,  served  as  a  member  of 
the  council  of  York,  when  it  was  still  a 
borough,  and  is  a  high  degree  Mason.    He 


is  a  man  of  sterling  qualities,  possessing 
more  than  an  ordinary  executive  capacity, 
a  public  spirited  citizen  and  places  himself 
upon  the  side  of  all  worthy  movements  for 
the  moral,  educational  and  social  upbuild- 
ing of  the  community. 

REV.  CLEMENT  A.  SCHLUETER, 
pastor  of  St.  Mary's  Roman  Catho- 
lic church,  of  York,  was  born  January  15, 
1837,  ^t  Nordkirchen,  Province  of  West 
phalia.  Kingdom  of  Prussia,  Germany,  the 
son  of  Ernest  Melchior  and  Marianna 
Schlueter.  Rev.  Schlueter  acquired  his 
earlier  education  in  the  parochial  schools 
and  graduated  from  St.  Paul's  Gymnasium 
at  Muenster  in  i860.  He  then  turned  his 
attention  to  theology  and  prepared  to  enter 
the  priesthood  at  the  Universities  of  Muen- 
ster, in  Westphalia,  and  Linz,  in  the  Em- 
pire of  Austria.  He  completed  his  studies 
in  July,  1864,  and  having  shown  all  the 
qualifications  and  met  all  the  requirements 
as  a  candidate  for  holy  orders,  he  was  or- 
dained on  the  thirty-first  of  the  same  month 
and  ever  since  has  been  occupied  in  the 
work  of  the  church.  His  first  charges  were 
at  different  places  in  Upper  Austria.  With 
due  permission  he  entered  the  Diocese  of 
Harrisburg  in  the  fall  of  1872  and  was 
made  pastor  at  Danville,  then  at  Locust 
Gap,  later  at  Chambersburg  and  when  ap- 
pointed to  the  pastorate  of  the  York 
church,  was  serving  on  the  New  Freedom 
circuit,  which  includes  the  congregations 
of  New  Freedom  and  Dallastown,  York 
county.  Rev.  Schlueter  has  during  his 
pastorate  thoroughly  endeared  himself  to 
his  congregation.  He  is  possessed  of  more 
than  ordinary  literary  culture  and  in  1889 
published  a  volume  of  poetry  in  Germany, 
entitled  "Natur  und  Gnade"  which  has  met 
with  critical  and  popular  approval  on  both 
sides  of  the  Ocean.  Rev.  Schlueter  is  also 
a  splendid  linguist,  writing,  speaking,  and 


NllSrETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


iif 


preaching    in    German,    English,    Polish, 
Italian,  Latin,  Greek  and  French. 

St.  Mary's  congregation  was  founded  in 
1852  by  Rev.  Martin,  an  Irish  priest,  who 
did  not  understand  the  German  language, 
but  became  identified  with  the  German 
congregation  through  the  circumstance  of 
their  worshiping  with  his  people.  By  or- 
der of  Rt.  Rev.  Neumann,  bishop  of  Phila- 
delphia, Rev.  Cotting,  S.  J.,  of  Conewago, 
Adams  county,  called  a  meeting  of  the  Ger- 
mans and  organized  the  congregation 
which  Rev.  Martin  had  founded.  It  was 
decided  to  build  another  church  and  a  lot 
of  ground  was  purchased  on  South  George 
street  on  which  the  present  church  now 
stands,  then  in  the  suburbs  of  the  town. 
The  corner  stone  of  a  small  brick  church 
was  laid  July  25,  1852,  and  on  October  8, 
Holy  Mass  was  celebrated  for  the  first  time 
in  the  new  edifice.  The  first  resident  rec- 
tor was  Rev.  Father  Wachter,  a  Tyrolean, 
who  started  a  German  school  at  the  same 
time.  Father  Wachter  attended  the  small 
church  maintained  between  New  Free- 
dom and  Shrewsbury  and  the  congre- 
gation at  Dallastown,  and  this  addi- 
tion to  his  charge  necessitated  assist- 
ance in  the  work.  Rev.  Wachter, 
therefore,  secured  as  an  assistant  Rev. 
F.  X.  Treyer,  also  a  native  of  Tyrol. 
June  4,  1859,  Rev.  Treyer  died  and  was 
buried  in  St.  Mary's  cemetery  a  mile  and 
a  half  south  of  York.  He  was  succeeded 
by  Rev.  Matthew  Meurer,  a  native  of  Mon- 
tabaur.  State  of  Nassau,  Germany.  Rev. 
Meurer  was  followed  by  Rev.  Joseph 
Hamm,  a  native  of  Baden,  Germany,  who 
had  the  old  school  house  removed  to  the 
rear  of  the  grounds  and  a  new  two-story 
pastoral  residence  of  brick  built,  beside 
the  church.  In  the  latter  part  of  Decem- 
ber, 1865,  Rev.  Bernhard  Baumeister  suc- 
ceeded to  the  pastorate.  He  was  a  native 
of  Muenster  in  Westphalia.         After  him 


came,  in  the  year  1873,  Rev.  George  Pape, 
born  at  Warendorf,  Westphalia,  who  built 
the  present  church  in  the  year  1884,  and 
resigned  in  the  fall  of  1889,  on  account  of 
his  health  and  returned  to  Germany.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Henry  Relt,  who 
was  born  at  Gescher,  Westphalia.  He 
bought  a  residence  for  the  venerable  sisters 
of  St.  Francis,  who  teach  in  the  parochial 
schools,  and  have  in  their  charge  two  hun- 
dred of  the  children  of  the  parish.  Rev. 
Relt  died  May  24,  1894,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Rev.  Schlueter,  the  present  pastor.  The 
strength  of  the  parish  is  about  two  hun- 
dred families,  mostly  composed  of  emi- 
grants from  Franconia,  Germany,  and  their 
numerous  descendants.  The  Franciscan 
sisters  of  whom  previous  mention  has  been 
made,  came  to  the  parish  November  22, 
1 869, during  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  Pape.  The 
latter  had  a  brick  building  erected  to  serve 
as  a  school  and  dwelling  for  the  sisters ;  but 
recently  a  residence  adjoining  the  rectory 
has  been  secured  to  lodge  the  sisters. 

REV.  T.  C.  BILLHEIMER,  professor 
of  Hebrew  and  Old  Testament  Sci- 
ence in  the  Lutheran  Theological  Seminary 
at  Gettysburg,  Adams  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, is  a  native  of  Northampton  county, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  bom  October 
II,  1842,  the  son  of  Jesse  and  Julian 
(Boehm)  Billheimer.  He  is  of  German  an- 
cestry and  is  descended  from  Christian 
Billheimer,  who  landed  at  Philadelphia  in 
1764  and  became  a  great  land  holder  in 
early  colonial  times  in  the  province  of 
Pennsylvania.  He  had  among  other  sons 
one  named  John,  who  was  born  in  North- 
ampton county  and  succeeded  his  father  as 
a  wealthy  land  owner  and  farmer. 

Jesse  Billheimer,  the  son  of  John  and  the 
father  of  our  subject,  was  a  merchant  by  oc- 
cupation and  kept  a  country  inn  in  North- 
ampton county.     He  had  a  common  school 


32S 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


education  and  was  a  man  of  intelligence, 
pleasant  manners  and  sturdy  character.  In 
religion  he  was  a  member  of  the  Lutheran 
church.  He  died  at  Easton,  Pennsylvania, 
in  1885  at  the  age  of  eighty  years.  Mrs. 
Billheimer  was  a  daughter  of  Philip  and 
Elizabeth  Boehm,  of  Northampton  county. 
She  became  the  mother  of  7  children:  John 
O.,  Martha  Ann,  Cecilia,  Jacob,  Stephen, 
Lucinda  and  Thomas  C.  She  died  in  1842 
and  Mr.  Billheimer  afterward  married  Ly- 
dia  Ann,  nee  Shaefifer,  by  whom  he  had 
four  children:  Preston  S.,  Elemina,  Josiah 
and  James. 

Thomas  C.  Billheimer  received  his  pre- 
liminary education  in  the  common  schools 
of  Northampton  county  and  in  1 86 1  was 
sent  to  Pennsylvania  college  at  Gettysburg, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1865,  with 
honors.  He  then  entered  the  Lutheran 
Theological  Seminary  in  the  same  town 
and  took  the  prescribed  course  of  study. 
After  his  graduation  in  1867,  Rev.  Bill- 
heimer was  ordained  by  the  Susquelianna 
Lutheran  Synod  and  accepted  as  his  first 
charge, the  pastorate  at  Watsontown,  Penn- 
sylvania, where  he  remained  one  year.  He 
spent  the  next  5  years  as  pastor  of  theShip- 
pensburg  charge  and  then  went  to  Pitts- 
burg, where  he  remained  4  years  and  then 
resigned  to  accept  a  call  from  the  St.  Mat- 
thew's Lutheran  church,  at  Reading,  Penn- 
sylvania. His  pastoral  term  at  Reading 
lasted  16  years  and  in  1893  he  resigned  to 
accept  a  call  to  the  chair  of  Hebrew  and 
Old  Testament  Science  in  the  Seminary,  a 
position  he  has  since  filled.  Rev.  Bill- 
heimer is  one  of  the  acknowledged  theolog- 
ians of  the  Lutheran  church  and  has  con- 
tributed not  a  little  to  its  growth  and  wel- 
fare. He  is  a  stanch  believer  in  the  doc- 
trines taught  by  Luther,  is  a  pulpit  orator 
of  marked  ability  and  eloquence,  a  force- 
ful writer  and  ready  debator  and  possesses 
that  genial  spirit,  which,  if  not  essential, 


has  ever  contributed  so  largely  to  success 
in  ministerial  work.  During  his  residence 
at  Reading  he  was  made  chaplain  of  the 
Fourth  Regiment,  National  Guards  of 
Pennsylvania  and  achieved  an  instant  and 
lasting  popularity  among  the  guardsmen. 

December  31,  1867,  Rev.  Billheimer 
married  Emma  C,  a  daughter  of  Rev. 
Jacob  and  Anna  Mary  Ziegler,  of  York, 
Pennsylvania.  To  that  vmion  were  born  5 
children:  Charles,  a  resident  of  Reading; 
Roland,  deceased;  Rev.  Stanley,  a  resident 
and  pastor  of  Washington,  D.  C. ;  J.  Ed- 
ward and  Albert. 

DR.  O.  C.  BRICKLEY,  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  representative  phy- 
sicians of  York,  is  a  son  of  Dr.  George  and 
Mary  A.  (Wingert)  Brickley,  and  was  born 
in  Buffalo  Valley,  Union  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, September  3,  1833.  Dr.  Brickley 
is  a  descendant  of  an  old  and  honorable 
family  whose  original  ancestor  came  from 
Germany  to  America  at  an  early  day.  He 
married  and  reared  a  family,  one  of  whose 
sons,  John,  became  the  grandfather  of  our 
subject.  John  Brickley  was  a  physician 
by  occupation  and  a  Hfe  long  resident  of 
Union  county,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Lutheran  church,  a  physi- 
cian of  note  and  attained  to  considerable 
prominence  among  the  citizens  of  that 
county.  He  married  a  Miss  Moyer,  by 
whom  he  had  a  family  of  four  sons:  Daniel, 
a  minister  of  the  Evangelical  church,  who 
subsequently  located  in  the  State  of  Ohio; 
John,  a  farmer  of  Indiana  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania; Jacob,  deceased,  and  Dr.  George, 
father  of  Dr.  O.  C. 

Probably  no  man  was  more  widely  or 
favorably  known  in  his  chosen  fields  of 
work  among  the  laity  in  York  county  than 
was  Rev.  Dr.  George  Brickley,  whose 
memory  is  still  green  in  the  minds  of  those 
with  whom  he  labored  as  pastor  and  phy- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


329 


sician  for  more  than  half  a  century.  En- 
dowed by  nature  with  an  indomitable  will 
and  possessed  of  a  tenacious  memory  he 
was  early  recognized  by  his  fellow-men  as 
a  worthy  leader.  Although  not  a  native  of 
York  county,  the  best  years  of  bis  life  were 
spent  in  the  ministry  and  the  practice  of 
medicine  in  this  vicinity,  and  so  closely 
identified  did  he  become  with  York  that  he 
has  always  been  looked  upon  as  one  of  its 
worthiest  representatives.  He  was  born  in 
West  Buffalo  township.  Union  county, 
Pennsylvania,  January  31,  1806.  His  early 
days  were  spent  upon  the  farm,  and  in  the 
township  school  he  received  the  educational 
groundwork  which  in  after  years  made  him 
a  power  in  the  ministerial  and  medical  pro- 
fessons.  Dr.  Brickley  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  connected  himself  with  the  Evangelical 
Association,  at  a  time  when  it  had  just  be- 
gun to  receive  recognition  at  the  hands  of 
the  other  religious  denominations,  and  for 
twenty  years  he  toiled  laboriousl}',  with  his 
soul  in  his  work,  to  further  its  interests, 
riding  circuits  (on  horse  back)  which  cov- 
ered large  areas,  through  the  chilly  blast; 
of  winter  and  the  withering  heat  of  sum- 
mer. Throughout  his  entire  ministry,  Rev. 
Dr.  Brickley  was  recognized  as  one  of  the 
strong  men  of  the  church,  and  the  honor- 
able record  left  behind  him  attests  the  fact 
that  he  w^as  no  idler  but  ever  diligent  in  the 
advocacy  and  propagation  of  his  Master's 
cause. 

When  the  question  of  providing  a  pub- 
lishing house  for  the  purpose  of  dissemina- 
ting church  literature  was  first  mentioned, 
he  was  one  of  the  first  movers  in  the  enter- 
prise and  was  largely  instrumental  in  bring- 
ing about  its  ultimate  success.  Ill  health 
and  other  reasons,  however,  compelled  his 
retirement  from  the  active  ministry  while 
serving  on  the  York  circuit,  in  1846,  and 
he  afterward  devoted  his  entire  attention  to 
the   practice    of   Allopathic   medicine,    the 


study  of  which  he  had  begun  ten  years 
before  under  the  supervision  of  Drs.  Tay- 
lor and  Powers,  of  Williamsport,  Pa. 

In  1839,  through  the  instrumentahty  of 
Dr.  Ignatius  Brugger,  a  graduate  of  one  of 
the  German  Universities,  he  was  led  to  in- 
vestigate the  merits  of  the  new  school  of 
medicine — Homeopathy — which,  being  an 
Allopath  of  a  most  pronounced  type,  he 
did  with  much  incredulity  and  prejudice. 
After  a  careful  investigation  covering  a 
period  of  seven  years,  he  emerged  from  his 
laborious  conflict  with  his  old  views,  a  tine 
and  faithful  disciple  of  Hahnemann,  nor 
was  he  ever  afterward  known  to  revert  in 
any  way  to  his  former  methods  of  practice. 
In  those  days  it  required  courage  of  the 
highest  order  to  be  a  Homeopath,  when 
Homeopathic  practitioners  were  reviled  by 
their  Allopathic  brethren  even  as  they 
walked  the  streets,  were  looked  upon  as  fa- 
natics, and  those  of  the  laity  w^ho  permitted 
themselves  to  be  treated  by  the  new  system 
were  regarded  as  little  less  than  voluntary 
suicides.  Possessed  of  keen  powers  of 
observation.  Dr.  Brickley  became  eminent 
in  the  field  of  diagnostics  and  was  almost 
equally  successful  in  his  prognosis  of  dis- 
ease. He  began  the  active  practice  of 
medicine  in  York  in  1846  and  received  the 
honorary  of  Doctor  of  Aledicine  from  the 
Hahnemann  Medical  Institute  of  Philadel- 
phia, in  the  year  1855,  as  a  recognition  of 
his  qualifications  and  success  as  the  pioneer 
of  Homeopathic  medicine  in  the  county 
and  city  of  York.  He  continued  in  active 
practice  until  1887,  w-hen  he  was  stricken 
with  paralysis,  a  second  attack  causing  his 
death  in  March  17,  1889. 

In  May,  1827,  Dr.  Brickley  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Mary  A.  Wingert, 
a  daughter  of  Dr.  Henry  Wingert,  of  Lan- 
disburg.  Perry  county,  Pennsylvania.  This 
union  resulted  in  the  birth  of  six  children, 
three  sons  and  three  daughters. 


330 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Dr.  O.  C.  Brickley  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  at  York  County  Acad- 
emy. Upon  the  completion  of  his  educa- 
tion he  read  medicine  with  his  father  and 
in  the  Spring  of  1855  was  graduated  from 
Hahnemann  Medical  College,  Philadel- 
phia. Immediately  after  receiving  his  de- 
gree he  began  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion in  York,  where  in  future  years  he 
reached  a  most  commendable  degree  of 
success.  He  was  physician  to  the  York 
County  Prison  for  two  years,  physician  to 
the  York  County  Hospital  and  to  the  Alms- 
house and  served  three  terms  as  coroner 
of  York  county. 

In  political  affiliation  Dr.  Brickley  is  a 
Jacksonian  Democrat,  has  always  manifes- 
ted an  intelligent  interest  in  political  meas- 
ures and  policies,  and  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Masonic  Fraternity  in  high  standing. 

On  September  30,  i860,  Dr.  Brickley 
was  joined  in  marriage  with  Charlotte  A. 
Willey,  a  daughter  of  Lewis  Willey,  a  na- 
tive of  the  State  of  Delaware,  but  late  of 
the  city  of  York.  By  this  marriage  one  son 
was  born,  Dr.  Edward  Willey.  The  latter 
was  graduated  from  Plahnemann  Medical 
College  of  Philadelphia,  in  1883,  is  now  a 
rising  young  physician  of  his  native  city 
and  present  coroner  of  York  county.  Mrs. 
Brickley  died  in  1897  and  is  interred  in 
Prospect  Hill  cemetery.  She  was  a  wo- 
man possessing  many  Christian  virtues, 
a  charitable  disposition  and  was  interested 
in  many  forms  of  humanitarian  and  phil- 
anthropic work. 

In  his  school  of  medicine,  Dr.  Brickley 
stands  with  the  best  in  his  profession.  He 
is  amply  read,  has  had  a  wide  and  varied 
professional  experience  and  is  a  skillful  and 
intelligent  practitioner.  Personally  he  is 
notable  for  his  public  spirit,  civic  pride 
and  patronage  of  all  movements  having 
for  their  end  the  betterment  of  his  com- 
munity. 


REV.  MORGAN  A.  PETERS,  pastor 
of  Zion  Reformed  church,  of  York, 
Pennsylvania,  was  bom  in  Stettlersville, 
Lehigh  county,  Pennsylvania,  on  March 
4th,  1864.  He  is  a  son  of  Morgan  and 
Maria  E.  (Kemerer)  Peters,  both  natives  of 
Lehigh  county.  Mr.  Peters  is  a  descend- 
ant of  German  ancestors  who  came  from 
Germany  about  the  middle  of  the  i8th 
century  and  settled  in  the  county  of  his 
birth.  His  father,  Morgan  Peters,  who  was 
a  merchant  by  occupation,  and  after  whom 
he  is  named,  died  at  the  early  age  of  29 
years,  leaving  a  widow  and  three  sons,  to 
mourn  his  early  departure.  At  the  time  of 
his  death  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  a 
babe  of  but  8  months  old. 

At  a  very  early  age  in  life  Mr.  Peters 
learned  to  help  and  depend  upon  himself. 
At  the  age  of  12  years  he  worked  for  thir- 
ty-five cents  per  day,  and  walked  over  two 
miles  to  the  place  of  his  toil.  At  the  age 
of  16  he  was  unable  to  procure  work  in  the 
country  village  where  he  was  reared,  Fog- 
elsville,  Lehigh  county,  and  consequently 
he  set  out  to  learn  the  trade  of  cigar  mak- 
ing in  Allentown,  Pennsylvania.  He  pur- 
sued his  trade  assiduously  for  the  period  of 
four  years,  and  then  decided  to  enter  the 
Holy  ministry.  He  accordingly  entered 
Ursinus  College,  CoUegeville,  Pennsylvania 
on  January  11,  1885,  fully  determined  to 
enter  the  ministry  of  the  Reformed  church. 
From  this  institution  he  was  graduated  in 
the  classical  course.  Subsequently  he  en- 
tered the  Theological  Department  of  Heid- 
elberg University,  Tiffin,  Ohio,  whose 
course  of  study  he  completed  in  the  year 
1891.  He  usually  spent  his  vacations  in 
the  hay  and  harvest  fields,  in  selling  books, 
teaching  school  and  various  other  avoca- 
tions, in  fact,  strictly  speaking,  they  were 
not  vacations  but  merely  periods  of  change 
from  the  routine  of  arduous  study.  On 
May  22,  1891,  he  was  licensed  to  preach  by 


^'"W-yt^  ^aM>^     Ui.  Ly^o^i^. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


331 


Tiffin  Classis,  Synod  o*f  Ohio,  of  the  Re- 
formed church  in  the  United  States  and 
at  the  time  of  his  examination  he  had  calls 
to  two  pastorates,  one  from  Ada,  Ohio,  and 
another  from  Carroll,  in  the  same  State. 
Being  undecided  which  one  to  accept,  he 
declined  both,  and  accepted  an  invitation 
from  the  Weissport  charge.  Carbon  county, 
Pennsylvania,  to  preach  trial  sermons. 
This  done,  he  received  a  unanimous  call 
and  accepted  the  same,  beginning  his  la- 
bors July  1st,  1891.  This  charge  had  two 
congregations,  Weissport  and  Mauch 
Chunk.  The  latter  congregation  soon  felt 
dissatisfied  with  services  every  alternate 
Sunday  and  this  dissatisfaction  soon  neces- 
sitated a  change  in  the  pastoral  relations. 
The  East  Pennsylvania  Classis  consequent- 
ly separated  the  charge  on  November 
1st,  1891,  and  Mr.  Peters  received  a  call 
from  both  congregations.  He  accepted, 
however,  the  call  from  the  weaker  charge, 
Mauch  Chunk,  and  labored  faithfully  with 
this  body  until  March  31,  1894,  when  he 
resigned  to  accept  a  call  to  Zion  Reformed 
church,  York,  Pennsylvania. 

During  his  pastorate  at  Mauch  Chunk, 
the  membership  of  that  church  more  than 
doubled  itself,  and  the  Sunday  school  treb- 
led itself.  Rev.  Mr.  Peters  was  also  instru- 
mental in  building  for  the  people  at  Mauch 
Chunk,  a  very  handsome  two  story  brick 
edifice,  the  first  the  congregation  ever 
owned,  for  their  individual  use.  At  a 
special  meeting  of  the  consistory  of  the 
First  Reformed  Church,  Mauch  Chunk, 
held  March  24,  1894,  a  set  of  resolutions 
were  adopted  and  afterward  presented  to 
Mr.  Peters,  expressing  deep  regret  in  part- 
ing with  his  services  and  extoling  the  re- 
sults of  his  effective  preaching.  The  Daily 
News  and  Daily  Times  of  the  same  place 
also  joined  in  expressions  of  general  regret 
and  commendation. 

Since  accepting  the  pastorate  of  Zion  Re- 


formed church  in  York  its  membership  has 
been  largely  increased  and  its  Sunday 
school  has  fully  doubled  in  attendance  and 
a  new  Sunday  school  room  has  been 
erected  to  accommodate  the  increase. 
This  notable  increase  has  been  largely 
due  to  the  aggressive  and  energetic 
efiforts  of  the  pastor  in  his  new  re- 
lation. Through  his  coming  a  new 
impulse  has  been  imparted  to  the 
cause  of  the  church  with  which  he  is  iden- 
tified and  a  new  future  with  ever  widen- 
ing prospects,  is  in  constant  and  steady 
view.  The  crowds  that  regularly  gather  in 
his  church  speak  well  of  his  power  in  the 
pulpit.  Mr.  Peters  is  a  young  man  of  ample 
scholarship,  filled  writh  religious  zeal,  a 
pulpit  orator  of  no  mean  excellence,  and 
these,  coupled  with  a  tireless  energy,  prom- 
ise bright  results  for  the  church  which  has 
honored  him  in  calling  him  to  be  its  spir- 
itual leader  and  adviser. 

Mr.  Peters  is  a  member  of  the  Independ- 
ent Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  Junior  Order 
of  American  Mechanics  and  the  Knights 
of  Malta,  of  which  latter  organization  he 
is  the  Supreme  Representative  to  the  Su- 
preme Lodge  of  the  United  States.  He  is 
also  Grand  Prelate  of  the  Grand  Com- 
mandery  of  the  State  organization  of  the 
Knights  of  Malta.  He  firmly  believes  that 
ministers  should  belong  to  secret  orders. 

On  March  27,  1894,  Rev.  Peters  mar- 
ried Emma  J.,  the  only  daughter  of  ex- 
Burgess  Charles  Graver,  of  Mauch  Chunk, 
Pennsylvania.  Mrs.  Peters  is  a  woman  of 
unusual  refinement  and  grace  and  was  for- 
merly an  active  worker  in  the  First  Re- 
formed church  of  Mauch  Chunk,  Pa. 

ALEXANDER  DALLAS  BACHE 
SMEAD  is  the  seventh  and  young- 
est child  of  the  late  Captain  Raphael  C. 
Smead,  of  the  United  States  Army,  and  his 
wife  Sarah,  who  was  a  daughter  of  John 


332 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Radclifife,  Esq.,  of  Rhinebeck,  New  York. 
He  was  born  in  Carlisle  in  1848  and  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schols  and  at  Dickinson 
College.  On  graduating  from  the  latter, 
in  1868,  he  entered  the  regular  army,  in 
which  he  rose  to  be  First  Lieutenant  and 
Regimental  Adjutant  of  the  Third  U.  S. 
Cavalry.  After  some  years  of  active  ser- 
vice among  the  Indians  of  our  Western 
Territories  he  studied  law,  resigned  in  1879 
his  military  commission  and  has  been  en- 
gaged in  legal  practice  since  then  except 
during  time  spent  in  foreign  travel  and 
study.  On  February  ist,  1888,  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Jennie  Stuart,  daughter  of 
the  late  James  T.  Stuart,  of  Cumberland 
county.  They  have  one  child,  Jane  Van 
Ness  Smead. 

The  Smead  family  came  from  Wales 
more  than  two  centuries  and  a  half  ago 
but  intermarried  for  generations  with  fam- 
ilies of  English  Puritan  stock  in  Great  Bri- 
tain, in  Massachusetts  and  in  New  Hamp- 
shire. None  of  these  came  to  America  la- 
ter than  the  year  1640. 

One  of  the  most  prominent  of  the  early 
colonists  of  New  England  was  Colonel  Is- 
lael  Stoughton,  of  Dorchester,  Massachu- 
setts. Arriving  from  England  on  May  30th, 
1630,  he  played  an  active  part  in  Colonial 
affairs  for  the  next  fourteen  years.  He  was 
cliosen,  in  1634,  Selectman  of  Dorchester, 
represented  his  town  for  several  terms  in 
the  Legislature  of  the  Colony,  was  sent,  in 
1641,  as  Commissary  to  govern  the  Terri- 
tory of  New  Hampshire,  and  for  several 
years  was  assistant  Governor  of  Massachu- 
setts. In  the  military  service  of  his  colony, 
he  was  successively  Ensign,  Captain,  and 
Colonel  commanding  the  Massachusetts 
troops  in  war  against  the  Indians.  When 
the  Civil  War  between  the  English  King 
and  Parliament  broke  out  he  headed  a 
group  of  New  Englanders  who  returned  to 
the    mother    country    to    aid    the    cause 


of  liberty,  and  he  served  as  a  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  of  the  Parliamentary 
Army  until  his  premature  death.  While 
residing  in  Massachusetts  he  was  joined 
in  1835,  by  his  widowed  sister,  Mrs. 
Judith  Smead,  who  brought  with  her 
her  young  son  William  Smead  and 
other  children.  When  this  boy  grew 
up  he  married,  December  31st,  1658,  Eliz- 
abeth Lawrence,  daughter  of  Thomas  Law- 
rence, of  Hing-ham,  and  granddaughter  of 
another  early  settler  and  legislator,  James 
Bates,  of  Dorchester.  From  them  have 
descended  all  the  New  England  Smeads  of 
whom  we  have  any  knowledge.  Wm. 
Smead  and  his  sons  took  part  in  the  Indian 
wars  of  his  time,  and  after  his  death  his 
widow  was  killed  by  Indians  on  February 
29th,  1704.  In  the  fifth  generation  from 
Judith  was  Selah  Smead,  who  married  Eliz- 
abeth Cummings,  of  New  Hampshire,  a  de- 
scendant in  the  fifth  generation  from  Isaac 
Cummings,  of  Topsfield,  ilassachusetts,  a 
colonist  from  Yorkshire,  England.  One  of 
their  sons  was  Raphael  Cummings  Smead, 
born  November  22nd,  1801,  who  went  to 
the  Military  Academy  from  Genesee 
County,  New  York,  graduated  there  in 
1825  and  married  in  1829. 

The  first  American  Radclifife  came  to 
Albany,  New  York,  from  England  and 
there  married  a  New  York  Holland  Dutch 
wife.  All  the  other  ancestors  of  Mr. 
Smead's  mother  were  New  Yorkers  of  Hol- 
land descent,  of  families  settled  in  the  Col- 
ony from  1630  to  1642. 

Mr.  Smead's  wife  is  of  unmixed  Scotch- 
Irish  descent.  Pier  forefathers  came  to 
Pennsylvania  from  1720  to  1784,  The 
Stuart  family  removed  from  Argyleshire, 
Scotland,  to  County  Antrim  in  Ulster,  and 
from  there  Hugih  Stuart  emigrated  to  Cum- 
berland county,  where  he  married  Ruth,  a 
grand-daughter  of  William  Patterson,  of 
Bonny  Brook.     They  were  the  parents  of 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


333 


Judge  John  Stuart,  of  South  Middleton 
township,  and  the  latter's  son,  James,  mar- 
ried Miss  M.  J.  Woods,  of  West  Pennsboro 
township,  great-great-granddaughter  of 
Nathan  Woods,  of  Donegal,  Lancaster 
county,  Pennsylvania,  whose  sons  William 
and  Samuel  removed  to  the  Cumberland 
Valley  before  the  organization  of  Cumber- 
land county.  Mrs.  Smead  belongs  to  Wil- 
liam's branch  of  the  Woods  family. 

SAMUEL  C.  FREY,  ESQ.,  joint  editor 
of  the  York  Daily,  and  the  efficient 
Secretary  and  Treasurer  of  the  York  Daily 
Publishing  Company,  is  a  son  of  Samuel 
A.  and  Delia  (Gallatin)  Frey,  and  was  born 
in  Spring  Garden  township,  York  county, 
September  9,  1857.  Samuel  A.  Frey  was 
born  1821,  died  1886  and  was  a  life  long 
resident  of  York  county.  He  was  a  farmer 
of  well  known  integrity  and  ranked  among 
the  prominent  business  men  of  his  com- 
munity. Politically  he  was  a  nominal  Re- 
publican and  held  himself  aloof  from  active 
participation  in  political  affairs,  though  he 
always  exercised  an  intelligent  and  dis- 
criminating ballot.  He  was  devoted  to  his 
vocation,  was  industrious  and  frugal  and 
a  strong  churchman,  having  throughout 
life  been  connected  with  the  Lutheran  de- 
nomination. His  marital  union  with  Delia 
Gallatin  resulted  in  the  birth  of  15  children 
of  whom  6  died  in  infancy.  Among  those 
who  grew  to  maturity  were;  Alexander, 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Antietam ;  Albert,  also 
a  veteran  of  the  late  Civil  war,  and  a  mer- 
chant in  Baltimore,  who  died  in  December, 
1896;  Samuel  C,  subject;  Mrs.  Lewis 
Small,  of  the  City  of  Baltimore;  Mrs.  D.  D. 
Ehrhart  and  Mrs  E.  D.  Michael,  of  Han- 
over; and  Mrs.  H.  S.  Spangler,  of  York. 

Samuel  C.  Frey  was  brought  up  on  a 
farm  during  his  early  years,  received  his 
education  in  the  common  schools  of  the 
county  and  at  14  years  of  age  became  an 


apprentice  in  the  office  of  the  York  Daily 
to  learn  the  "Art  preservative  of  all  arts." 
.Vt  the  end  of  his  apprenticeship,  he  turned 
his  attention  to  the  study  of  law,  and  in 
1879  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  of  York 
County.  After  his  admission  he  prarticed 
for  two  years,  and  then  in  conjunction  with 
E.  W.  Spangler,  Esq.,  and  J.  B.  Moore, 
Esq.,  purchased  the  York  Daily,  which  had 
been  established  in  1871.  He  was  elected 
secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  newly  form- 
ed company,  and  being  a  practical  printer, 
was  enabled  from  the  start  to  exercise  in- 
telligent supervision  over  the  printing  in  all 
its  details.  The  new  company  at  once,  after 
taking  possession,  began  to  modify  and  im- 
prove their  newspaper  and  printing  plant 
so  as  to  make  it  compare  favorably  with 
any  similar  plant  in  the  State  outside  of  the 
large  cities.  They  are  now  thoroughly 
equipped  to  do  all  kinds  of  first  class  book 
and  job  printing.  Aside  from  the  mechan- 
ical features  of  the  establishment,  the  Daily 
itself  has  undergone  improved  alterations 
and  has  reached  the  largest  circulation  in 
its  history. 

On  December  25,  1880,  Mr.  Frey  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Lillie  L  Shaefifer,  a 
daughter  of  George  H.  Shaefifer,  of  York 
county.  To  this  union  three  children  have 
been  born,  two  sons  and  a  daughter:  Ed- 
ward S.,  Robert  S.,  and  Hazel  V. 

In  politics  Mr.  Frey  is  a  Republican  and 
has  always  given  his  party  an  intelligent 
and  sympathetic  support.  He  is  a  good 
citizen,  alive  to  the  public  issues  touching 
his  municipality,  county  or  State,  and  has 
always  placed  himself  upon  the  side  of  the 
moral  progress  and  common  welfare  of  his 
community.  He  is  a  member  of  St.  Paul's 
Lutheran  church,  and  also  connected  with 
York  Conclave,  No.  124,  Improved  Order 
of  Heptasophs. 


334 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


PROFESSOR  W.  H.  PATRICK,  prin- 
cipal of  Patrick's  Business  and  Short- 
hand college,  of  York,  was  born  at  Bow- 
mansville,  Erie  county,  New  York,  1857, 
and  is  one  of  the  leading  business  educators 
of  Southern  Pennsylvania.  ConcerningPro- 
fessor  Patrick's  business  career  before  com- 
ing to  York  in  1893,  we  quote  from  the 
Western  Pennman,  of  June,  1890,  the  fol- 
lowing: 

"His  early  education  was  secured  in  the 
district  school  of  his  native  town,  and  was 
supplemented  by  a  college  preparatory 
course  in  the  high  school,  at  Clarence,  New 
York.  During  i875-'76  he  attended  the 
Genessee  Wesleyan  Seminary  located  at 
Lima,  New  York,  where  he  studied  book- 
keeping and  took  lessons  in  penmanship, 
making  unusual  progress  in  the  latter 
branch,  and  acquiring  taste  for  the  com- 
mercial brandies  and  a  desire  to  become  a 
commercial  teacher  that  directed  his  sub- 
sequent action  and  gave  the  trend  to  his 
life  which  resulted  in  his  present  high 
standing  as  a  teacher. 

He  began  his  teaching  of  Penmanship,  as 
hundreds  of  the  best  teachers  of  the  country 
did  before  him,  by  traveling  about  and  or- 
ganizing classes  for  short  courses.  This 
experience  seemed  to  stimulate  his  ambi- 
tion, and  in  the  Spring  of  1877,  he  applied 
for  and  secured  an  appointment  as  special 
teacher  of  penmanship  in  the  public  schools 
of  Lyons,  New  York.  This  soon  appeared 
to  him  too  small  a  field.  His  ambition  pic- 
tured to  him  a  wider  field  of  usefulness,  and 
encouraged  him,  that  with  greater  oppor- 
tunities Would  come  added  capabilities; 
hence  in  the  spring  of  1878,  he  resigned, 
after  a  most  successful  engagement  of  one 
ye'ar,  and  left  Lyons  to  complete  his  com- 
mercial training  in  the  Rochester  Business 
University.  After  pursuing  a  course  in  this 
institution  he  was  retained  as  a  teacher  of 
penmanship  and  the  theory  of  bookkeeping 


in  which  position  he  gave  great  satisfac- 
tion and  made  a  host  of  friends.  He  re- 
mained in  Rochester  about  two  years,  when 
he  was  tendered  the  superintendency  of  the 
penmanship  department  of  Bryant  and 
Stratton's  Business  College,  Baltimore, 
Maryland.  Before  entering  upon  his  duties 
in  Baltimore  he  spent  a  short  time  with 
Professor  P.  R.  Spencer,  in  Cleveland,  O., 
perfecting  himself  in  some  features  in  pen- 
manship. Mr.  Patrick  remained  in  Balti- 
more as  teadher  of  a  large  school  for  four- 
teen years.  His  retention  these  many  years 
in  so  important  a  position  affords  abundant 
proof  that  he  has  become,  as  a  teacher,  just 
what  his  ambition  encouraged  him  to  hope, 
and  just  what  his  friends  saw  every  reason 
to  expect.  His  fidelity  to  the  pupil's  wel- 
fare, abiding  faith  in  the  value  of  training 
for  commercial  life,  and  his  efficiency  as 
instructor  constitute  a  rare  combination  of 
qualities  which  go  far  to  commend  Mr. 
Patrick  in  any  community." 

Professor  Patrick  resigned  at  Baltimore 
in  July,  1893,  and  in  that  year  came  to 
York,  where  he  established  Patrick's  Busi- 
ness and  Shorthand  College,  in  Small's 
building,  opposite  the  court  house. 

His  success  here  was  pronounced  from 
the  beginning,  and  at  the  end  of  the  first 
year  he  'had  enrolled  109  students  which 
increased  to  135  the  second  year,  and 
reached  an  aggregate  of  more  than  140  the 
third  year.  His  scliOol  already  stands  uni- 
que among  commercial  institutions  in 
point  of  management  and  method.  His 
course  of  instruction  includes  single  and 
double  entry  bookkeeping,  business  law, 
grammar,  arithmetic,  letter  writing  and 
penmanship,  orthography,  and  a  number  of 
special  subjects  to  meet  the  requirements 
and  special  needs  of  individual  pupils.  In 
his  shorthand  and  typewriting  department 
he  aims  to  send  out  efficient  and  competent 
graduates  to  fill  important  posts  in  profes- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


335 


sional  and  business  life.  He  has  adopted 
what  is  popularly  known  as  the  actual  busi- 
ness method  which  precludes  to  a  large  ex- 
tent the  use  of  text  books  and  other  artifi- 
cial aids  which  usually  result  in  a  perfunc- 
tory and  impractical  training. 

On  October  3,  1897,  Professor  Patrick 
married  Rose  Agnes  Niblack,  a  daughter 
of  Alonzo  Niblack,  of  Rochester,  New 
York.  To  their  union  have  been  born 
seven  children,  of  whom  five  are  living: 
Florence  N.,  Maud  A.,  Pauline  E.,  Ralph 
Edward,  and  Walter  Douglass. 

Professor  Patrick  is  a  member  of  the 
West  Street  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
of  whose  Sunday  school  he  is  superinten- 
dent. He  is  also  a  member  of  the  frater- 
nal organizations.  Knights  of  Malta  and 
Junior  Order  United  American  Mechanics. 
He  has  passed  beyond  the  realm  of  experi- 
ment as  a  teacher  and  director  of  business 
education  and  presents  to  his  patrons  well 
tested  and  practical  courses.  His  ideas  of 
the  new  business  education  are  best  pre- 
sented in  his  own  language  in  what  he  calls 
"Our  Creed:" 

"We  believe  fathers  should  spend  as  much 
money  in  training  their  sons  and  daughters 
for  practical  business  life  as  they  spend  in 
training  their  colts  for  a  contest  of  speed 
at  the  county  fair. 

We  believe  mothers  should  make  as 
great  sacrifices  for  the  proper  education  of 
their  boys  and  girls  in  the  activities  of  life 
as  they  make  in  contributions  of  time  and 
money  for  the  heathen. 

We  believe  every  man  and  woman,  re- 
gardless of  present  financial  circumstances, 
whether  rich  or  poor,  should  secure  a  first- 
class  business  education. 

We  believe  in  the  New  Education,  with 
its  motto  of  Learning  by  Doing,  and  thajt 
its  two-fold  method  of  combining  practice 
with  precept,  and  leading  the  student  in- 


stead of  pushing  him,  is  the  only  correct 
plan  of  teaching. 

We  believe  in  the  Patented  System  of 
actual  Business  Practice,  and  have  adopted 
it  as  the  best  practical  system  of  teaching 
bookkeeping  and  the  art  of  accounts. 

We  believe,  as  business  educators,  that 
it  is  our  duty  to  prepare  our  pupils  for  the 
practical  affairs  of  business  life. 

We  believe  in  performing  more  than  we 
promise,  and  in  building  a  reputation  on 
acts  rather  than  words. 

We  believe  this  institution  offers  to  the 
young  men  and  women  of  this  community 
unequaled  advantages  for  obtaining  a  first 
class  business  education." 

HENRY  C.  NILES,  ESQ.,  one  of  the 
most  prominent  common  pleas  and 
corporation  lawyers  of  the  York  county 
bar,  is  a  son  of  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  E.  and 
Jennie  (Marsh)  Niles.  He  was  born  at 
Angelica,  Allegany  county.  New  York,  on 
Tune  17th,  1856.  In  1864,  Rev.  Henry  E. 
Niles,  D.  D.,  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  First  Presbyterian  church  in  the  city  of 
York,  with  which  church  he  has  been  since 
conspicuously  identified,  and  hence  the 
major  portion  of  the  boyhood  of  Henry  C. 
Niles  was  spent  in  that  city.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  York  High  School,  the 
York  County  Academy  and  the  York  Col- 
legiate Institute.  In  1875,  and  immedi- 
ately subsequent,  he  spent  diree  years  as  a 
clerk  in  the  First  National  Bank,  of  York, 
and  then  in  1878,  having  determined  upon 
a  professional  career,  entered  Columbia 
Law  School,  New  York  city,  from  which 
institution  of  note  he  was  graduated  in 
1880  with  the  degree.  Bachelor  of  Laws. 
During  the  last  year  of  his  law  course  he 
was  a  student  and  clerk  in  the  celebrated 
firm  of  Miller  &  Peckham,  of  New  York 
city,  the  latter  of  whom,  is  now  Justice  of 
the  Court  of  Appeals,  of  New  York,      Im- 


336 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


mediately  after  graduation,  Mr.  Niles  re- 
turned to  York,  Pennsylvania,  and  began 
the  active  practice  of  his  profession.  He 
rose  rapidly  to  a  commanding  position  in 
the  legal  fraternity  of  York  county,  and  in 
1884  formed  a  law  partnership  with  Hon. 
W.  F.  Bay  Stewart  and  George  E.  Neff, 
Esq.,  under  the  firm  name  of  Stewart,  Niles 
&  Nefif.  This  firm  soon  came  into  promi- 
nence as  the  leading  law  firm  in  York 
county,  and  continued  in  force  for  eleven 
years,  or  until  the  year  1896,  when  Mr. 
Stewart  was  elected  to  the  bench.  Upon 
the  election  of  the  latter,  a  re-organization 
of  the  firm  took  place  through  the  elimina- 
ton  of  Judge  Stewart,  and  a  new  partner- 
ship was  formed  by  Messrs.  Niles  &  Nefif. 
This  partnership  has  been  maintained  down 
to  the  present  time.  The  high  standard 
of  the  original  firm  has  been  amply  sus- 
tained, as  well  as  its  large  and  lucrative 
practice,  which  is  mainly  confined  to  com 
mon  pleas  and  corporation  business. 

Mr.  Niles,  during  the  active  years  of  his 
professional  career,  has  been  a  close  stu- 
dent of  the  law  and  has  been  identified  with 
many  intricate  and  important  cases.  He 
is  joint  counsel  for  the  Edison  and  West- 
inghouse  Electric  Light  companies  of 
York,  the  Security  Title  and  Trust  com- 
pany, the  York  Southern  Railroad  com- 
pany and  a  number  of  other  corporations 
and  concerns,  whose  combined  capital  rep- 
resent vast  sums  of  money.  Aside  from 
strictly  professional  business  he  is  identi- 
fied with  varied  business  interests  of  his 
adopted  city,  and  has  always  been  among 
those  most  solicitous  for  its  material  im- 
provement and  development.  He  is  vice- 
president  and  stockholder  in  the  York  Se- 
curity Title  and  Trust  company,  and  also 
a  member  of  the  Hubley  printing  company. 
He  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  Supreme 
and  other  higher  courts  in  Pennsylvania, 


in  1882,  and  since  that  time  has  frequently 
appeared  before  those  tribunals. 

In  politics  Mr.  Niles  is  a  pronounced 
Republican,  and  has  always  been  one  of  its 
ablest  and  most  active  leaders  in  York 
county,  and  formerly  served  as  chairman 
of  the  Republican  county  committee.  On 
different  occasions  he  was  delegated  to  rep- 
resent his  party  in  the  State  conventions 
and  has  done  effective  work  in  all  the  im- 
portant campaigns  since  his  entrance  into 
public  life.  He  is  a  Master  Mason  and  in 
in  his  religious  affiliations  is  a  communi- 
cant of  the  First  Presbyterian  church. 

On  February  17th,  1886,  Mr.  Niles  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Lilian  Schall,  a 
daughter  of  Michael  Schall,  of  York.  They 
have  one  child,  a  son,  named  Michael 
Schall. 

The  professional  career  of  Henry  C. 
Niles  has  been  one  of  close  application  and 
well  directed  activity.  He  is  widely  read 
in  the  literature  of  the  law,  a  man  of  good 
judgment  and  large  discretion,  a  skillful 
tactician  and  an  advocate  of  unusual  force 
and  skill.  Outside  of  his  more  purely  legal 
acquirements  he  is  a  man  of  good  mental 
endowment,  literary  tastes  and  an  orator 
possessing  unusual  gifts. 

ISRAEL  F.  GROSS,  president  of  the 
Drovers  and  Mechanics  National 
Bank,  of  York,  was  bom  in  Dover  town- 
ship, this  county,  on  March  4th,  1832.  He 
is  a  son  of  Samuel  and  Susanna  (Smyser) 
Gross. 

On  both  the  paternal  and  maternal  side, 
Mr.  Gross  is  a  descendant  of  old  and  promi- 
nent families — the  former  of  French  and 
the  latter  of  German  lineage.  For  more 
than  one  hundred  years  both  families  have 
been  identified  with  varied  interests  in  York 
county.  Samuel  Gross,  father  of  Israel  F., 
was  born  in  York  county,  Dover  town- 
ship. May  1st,  1807,  died  June  26th,  1874, 


NiN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


337 


and  was  interred  at  Strayer's  church  burial 
ground.  Grand-father  George  Gross,  was 
born  April  4th,  1779,  and  died  February 
8th,  1858,  and  great-grandfather,  Samuel 
Gross,  was  born  April  25th,  1750,  in  the 
same  county,  and  died  on  February  13th, 
1831.'  The  former,  George,  was  married 
to  a  daughter  of  John  Felker  (born  1756, 
died  1847)  who  came  from  Germany  to 
America  ait  the  age  of  fourteen  years  and 
settled  in  York  cotmty  near  Lewisberry. 
Mr.  Felker  in  early  manhood  learned  the 
trade  of  a  tanner  and  at  the  time  of  his 
death  was  a  resident  of  State  Line. 

Samuel  Gross  was  a  farmer  by  occupa- 
tion and  was  esteemed  as  a  man  of  thrift, 
economy  and  good  civic  qualities.  He  was 
the  parent  of  twelve  children,  two  of  whom 
died  in  infancy.  Those  still  living  are: 
Israel  Felker,  subject;  Louisa,  widow  of 
Wm.  F.  Julius;  Caroline  E.,  intermarried 
with  Henry  Menges;  Edwin  S. ;  George 
W.;  Dr.  Jacob  M. ;  Benjamin  F. ;  Sarah  A., 
wife  of  Edward  Fickes;  Samuel  L.  and 
Mikon  H. 

Israel  F.  Gross  was  brought  up  on  his 
faither's  farm  in  Dover  township,  educated 
in  the  common  schools  and  when  he  reach- 
ed his  majority  engaged  in  the  milling 
business,  in  which  he  continued  success- 
fully for  a  period  of  ten  years.  Subse- 
quently, he  became  proprietor  of  the  Hot- 
ter House,  in  the  city  of  York,  and  re- 
mained in  possession  of  that  well  known 
hostelry  for  some  twenty  years. 

Under  his  management  the  hotel  ac- 
quired a  well  deserved  popularity,  and  his 
long  years  of  proprietorship  resulted  in 
considerable  financial  profit.  At  the  end 
of  this  time,  Mr.  Gross  retired  from  the 
hotel  business  and  devoted  considerable 
time  to  the  stock  and  cattle  trade.  This 
has  continued  uninterruptedly  down  to  the 
present  time.  In  1889  he  was  elected  one 
of  the  Commissioners  of  York  county,  and 


served  with  credit  and  dignity  for  a  term 
of  three  years.  Prior  to  this,  however,  in 
1866,  he  was  the  nominee  of  the  Republi- 
can party  for  the  office  of  sheriff,  and  re- 
duced the  majority  of  the  opposition,  which 
was  strongly  Democratic,  more  than  five 
hundred  votes.  In  both  the  above  named 
instances,  as  well  as  his  candidacy  for  chief 
burgess  of  York,  Mr.  Gross  was  never  an 
active  office  seeker,  but  was  pushed  for- 
ward by  his  party  on  the  basis  of  his  pop- 
ularity and  well  known  integrity.  In  1889 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Drovers 
and  Mechanics  Bank  of  York,  of  which 
financial  institution  he  was  one  of  the  orig- 
inal promoters  and  organizers.  He  held 
a  directorship  in  the  bank  from  the  time  of 
its  organization  until  his  election  as  presi- 
dent. In  connection  with  his  duties  as 
chief  officer  of  the  bank  he  still  continues 
to  deal  extensive  in  livestock,  George  W. 
Maul  being  associated  with  him. 

Mr.  Gross  has  a  wide  and  varied  busi- 
ness experience,  as  well  as  a  large  ac- 
quaintance with  men  and  affairs.  He  is 
aggressive,  liberal  minded  and  unostenta- 
tions  and  has  always  been  accounted  by  his 
fellow  citizens  as  a  man  of  the  strictest  in- 
tegrity. 

In  January,  1854,  Mr.  Gross  was  joined 
in  wedlock  to  Malinda,  daughter  of  Philip 
Hantz,  of  York  county.  They  have  one 
son,  George  W.,  who  is  the  present  prin- 
cipal of  the  York  County  Academy,  a 
sketch  of  whom  appears  elsewhere  in  this 
volume. 

Mr.  Gross  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity  in  high  standing  and  a  staunch 
Republican  in  politics. 

REV.  H.  H.  WEBER,  General  Secre- 
tary of  the  Board  of  Church  Exten- 
son  of  the  General  Synod  Lutheran  Church 
was  born  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
on  August  4th,  i860.       His  parents  were 


338 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Germans.  His  early  education  was  re- 
ceived in  the  German  parochial  schools  of 
Philadelphia  and  in  1868  he  was  sent  to 
Wacker's  private  German  and  English 
Academy  in  Baltimore,  Md.  After  gradu- 
ating there  he  attended  the  public  schools 
of  Baltimore,  and  in  1873  received  the  prize 
from  the  Vienna,  Austria,  Exposition,  as 
the  best  boy  writer  in  the  public  schools 
of  Baltimore.  He  next  attended  Balti- 
more City  College,  after  which  he  was  in 
the  wholesale  dry  goods  and  notion  busi- 
ness for  four  years.  In  the  the  fall  of 
1878  he  entered  Pennsylvania  College,  Get- 
tysburg, Pa.,  and  graduated  with  second 
honor  in  1882.  He  received  honorable 
mention  in  connection  with  the  Freshman 
prize,  was  librarian  of  Phrena  Society,  ora- 
tor for  the  anniversary,  and  delivered  on 
graduation  day  the  German  oration.  He 
pursued  a  three  year  course  at  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary  in  Gettysburg  and  grad- 
uated in  1885.  During  his  Seminary 
course  he  supplied  for  a  time  the  pulpits  of 
Zion's  Lutheran  church,  Newville,  Pa.,  and 
Trinity  Church,  Hagerstown,  Md.,  which 
today  owns  the  fine  stone  structure  on 
Third  Avenue  and  Roland  Avenue.  Upon 
graduation  he  was  sent  again  by  the  Board 
of  Home  Missions  to  Baltimore,  Md.,  and 
after  a  short  time  organized  Grace  English 
Lutheran  church  on  Broadway.  During  his 
stay  of  four  years  there,  the  congregation 
grew  to  a  membership  of  over  six  hundred, 
a  Sunday  school  of  over  seven  hundred,  and 
a  property  worth  sixty  thousand  dollars. 
The  congregation  is  to  day  the  largest  in 
the  Synod  of  Maryland,  and  also  one  of  the 
most  liberal.  In  1889  he  was  called  by  the 
Board  of  Church  Extension  to  the  General 
Secretaryship  and  has  served  in  this  capac- 
ity with  marked  success  for  the  past  eight 
years.  The  finances  are  in  good  shape  and 
the  systemized  work  of  the  Board  has  been 
a  model  for  that  of  many  other  similar  or- 


ganizations. Mr.  Weber  has  almost  phe- 
nomenal success  in  securing  money,  espe- 
cially at  the  dedication  of  churches.  A 
minister  who  is  very  close  to  him  and 
knows  his  work,  says  that  in  eig'ht  years  of 
his  Secretaryship  he  secvired  for  churches 
and  the  Board  all  told  nearly  one  million 
dollars.  Mr.  Weber  was  married  in  1890 
to  Miss  Emma  Crist,  of  Baltimore,  Md., 
and  their  married  life  has  been  one  of  great 
joy- 
Mr.  Weber  is  business  manager  of  The 
Lutheran  Missionary  Journal,  having  a  cir- 
culation of  thirteen  thousand,  and  The 
Children's  Missionary,  having  one  of  eleven 
thousand.  He  has  been  a  large  contribu- 
tor to  all  the  weekly  church  papers,  having 
perhaps  furnished  more  matter  than  any 
one  connected  with  the  papers,  except  the 
editors.  He  is  a  proHfic  gatherer  of 
church  news  and  personals. 

Mr.  Weber  is  also  largely  interested  in 
business  enterprises.  He  is  a  director  in 
The  Security  Title  and  Trust  Co.,  and  a 
member  of  its  finance  committee,  he  is  a 
director  and  vice  president  of  The  Security 
Building  and  Loan  Association,  a  director 
in  the  York  and  Wrightsville  Electric  Rail- 
way Company  and  the  York  and  Dover  R. 
R.  Co.  He  with  Messrs.  D.  F.  Lafean  and 
Geo.  E.  Nefif,  is  interested  also  in  the  real 
estate  business  He  was  Secretary  and 
Treasurer  of  the  old  York  Brick,  Stone  and 
Lime  Manufacturing  Co.,  which  in  its  day 
did  the  largest  business  in  Southern  Penn- 
sylvania. 

JACOB  D.  SCHALL,  President  of  the 
First  National  Bank  and  a  financier 
of  recognized  ability,  of  York,  Penn- 
sylvania, is  a  descendant  of  an  old  and  hon- 
orable Pennsylvania  family.  His  ancestry 
on  the  maternal  side  were  of  Revolutionary 
stock  whose  lives  and  efiforts  are  bound  up 
with  the  early  history  of  this  State. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


339 


Jacob  D.  Stfhall  was  educated  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  York  County  Academy. 
Shortly  after  the  completion  of  his  educa- 
tion he  engaged  in  the  stove  and  house 
furnishing  business  and  from  1847  until 
1895  was  prominent  and  well  known  in  the 
retail  business  circles  of  York.  In  con- 
nection with  this  business  he  instituted  a 
plumbing  and  gas  fitting  department  about 
the  year  1850,  and  this  henceforth  became 
an  important  part  of  his  original  enterprise. 
Both  branches  of  his  business  met  with  a 
creditable  degree  of  success  and  before  the 
lapse  of  many  years  Mr.  Schall  was  in  pos- 
session of  a  handsome  competency.  His 
business  for  many  years  was  located  at  No. 
9.  West  Market  street,  York,  and  is  re- 
membered by  the  citizens  as  one  of  the  old- 
est and  best  established  business  empor- 
iums in  their  city.  In  1864,  Mr.  Schall  be- 
came one  of  the  organizers  and  a  director 
of  the  First  National  Bank  of  York,  with 
which  he  has  been  identified  during  its  en- 
tire existence.  He  continued  in  its  direc- 
torate until  April,  1895,  w^hen  upon  the 
death  of  Z.  K.  Loucks,  he  succeeded  to  the 
presidency.  Prior  to  that  time,  he  had 
acted  in  the  capacity  of  vice  president  for 
about  two  years.  In  addition  to  his  con- 
nection with  the  First  National  Bank,  Mr. 
Schall  is  a  large  real  estate  owner  in  York 
and  vicinity  and  is  interested  in  a  number 
of  minor  projects.  His  residence,  located 
on  West  Market  street,  in  the  residential 
portion  of  the  city,  is  one  of  York's  hand- 
somest and  most  imposing  structures.  In 
1 85 1,  Mr.  Schall  was  married  to  Catharine 
D.,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  B.  Weiser.  This 
union  resulted  in  the  birth  of  five  children, 
four  of  whom  are  still  living:  Daniel  W., 
Jacob  H.,  Elizabeth  M.,  wife  of  R.  Hatha- 
way Shindel,  cashier  of  the  City  Bank,  of 
York,  Margaret  M.,  wife  of  Horace  Smith, 
of  the  wholesale  drug  firm  of  William 
Smith  &  Co.,  of  York,  and  one  deceased. 


In  politics  Mr.  Schall  has  always  been  a 
staunch  Republican,  active  in  the  interests 
and  councils  of  that  party  and  at  one  time 
served  as  a  councilman  during  the  period 
Vvrhen  the  City  of  York  was  still  in  its  bor- 
oughhood.  He  is  a  member  of  St.  John's 
Episcopal  church,  and  one  of  the  promi- 
nent members  of  its  vestry,  as  well  as  ac- 
tive and  influential  in  the  various  move- 
ments for  extending  the  power  and  fruit- 
fulness  of  the  church's  mission.  Fratern- 
ally he  is  a  member  of  the  Lodge,  Chapter 
and  Commandery  of  the  Masonic  Order, 
one  of  the  oldest  initiates  of  the  Indepen- 
dent Order  of  Odd  Fellows  and  is  also 
connected  with  the  Independent  Order  of 
Red  Men. 

In  his  ofticial  capacity  as  president  of  the 
First  National  Bank,  Mr.  Schall  is  recog- 
nized as  a  conservative,  painstaking  incum- 
bent, possessing  the  highest  integrity.  He 
is  well  and  favorably  known  through  his 
long  connection  with  the  business  interests 
of  York  as  a  man  of  good  executive  ability, 
sagacity  and  carefulness,  while  on  matters 
of  finance  he  adheres  to  a  sound  and  judi- 
cious policy. 

PAUL  J.  BECK,  cashier  of  the  First 
National  bank  of  Glen  Rock,  is  des- 
cended from  sturdy  and  highly  respected 
German  ancestry.  His  ancestors  on  both 
sides  had  settled  in  this  county  before  the 
Revolutionary  War.  The  family  has  long 
been  located  in  this  country  and  the  Beck's 
have  become  prominently  identified  with 
York  county.  The  paternal  grandfather  of 
our  subject  was  John  Beck,  a  carpenter  at 
York;  afterwards  he  kept  a  hotel  at  Logan- 
ville,  Pa.  His  father's  name  was  George 
Beck,  of  Manchester,  York  county.  He 
married  Mary  Fahs,  daughter  of  Joseph 
Fahs  and  Barbara  (Lanius)  Fahs.  They 
had  nine  children,  four  living;  Sarah, 
widow  of  Peter  Goodling;  Emma,  widow 


34° 


Ijiographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


of  John  Bahn;  Mary,  wife  of  John  Tyson, 
and  John.  The  elder  discontinued  the  ho- 
tel business  at  Loganville,  and  later  in  life, 
upon  the  death  of  his  wife  in  1864,  moved 
to  York,  where  he  died  1879,  aged 
80  years.  Jo'hn,  father  of  our  subject,  was 
born  in  the  city  of  York  August  i6th, 
1829.  In  early  life  he  moved  to  Spring- 
field township  and  began  farming  which  he 
continued  until  1889.  He  took  a  strong  in- 
terest in  politics  and  in  1884  received  the 
Republican  nomination  for  county  com- 
missioner, resulting  in  his  election  as  the 
minority  member  of  the  board.  He  also 
served  as  a  schcol  director,  auditor  and  in 
other  offices  of  Springfield  township. 
In  religion  he  was  a  Moravian,  but  later 
in  life  changed  to  Lutheranism  and  be- 
came a  regular  church  attendant.  In 
1852  Mr.  Beck  married  Matilda,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Joseph  and  Catharine  (King)  Leader. 
The  father  of  Joseph  Leader,  Frederick 
Leader,  served  7  years  in  the  Revolution- 
ary war.  They  had  nine  children:  Mary 
C,  married  to  Zacharias  Reigart,  of  York; 
Charles  F.,  a  Springfield  township  farmer; 
Milton  G.,  of  York;  Franklin  J.,  Logan- 
ville, stageman ;  Paul  J.,  our  subject; 
Emma  A.,  wife  of  Alex  Diehl,  of  York; 
Harry  C,  State  of  Washington;  Martha  J., 
married  to  Charles  Fahs,  of  Jacobus,  and 
Harvey  G.,  a  young  physician  of  Baltimore, 
who  has  graduated  with  high  honors 
and  is  now  taking  post  graduate  studies  in 
foreign  hospitals. 

Our  subject  was  born  in  Springfield 
township  January  24,  i860,  attended  the 
common  schools  and  for  three  sessions  was 
a  student  at  a  summer  normal  school  con- 
ducted in  York.  He  began  teaching  school 
in  Springfield  township,  where  he  filled  one 
term  in  1876-77.  He  then  taught  six  terms 
in  Manheim  township,  after  which  he  went 
to  Carroll  county,  Maryland,  and  taught 
eight  terms.     At  this  time  he  was  offered 


and  accepted  the  cashiership  of  the  First 
National  bank  at  Glen  Rock  and  therefore 
discontinued  his  educational  work  and 
moved  back  to  Pennsylvania,  assuming  his 
position  in  October,  1892.  Mr.  Beck  is 
also  treasurer  of  the  Glen  Rock  Wire  Cloth 
Company  and  Borough  treasurer;  is  a  Re- 
publican in  politics  and  was  one  of  the  cen- 
sus enumerators  of  Carroll  county  in  1890. 
He  is  a  Lutheran  in  religion  and  takes  an 
active  part  in  religious  work  in  his  com- 
munity, being  at  the  present  time  a  deacon 
and  a  Sunday  school  teacher  and  treasurer. 
In  1889  he  married  Annie  C.  Hoover, 
daughter  of  George  and  Mary  A.  (Shutt) 
Hoover,  of  Springfield  township. 

/~*APTAIN  JOHN  P.  BRINDLE,  a 
V_^  veteran  officer  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  is  a  son  of  George  and  Elizabeth 
(Duey)  Brindle,  and  was  born  at  Carlisle 
Springs,  Cumberland  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, April  8,  1825.  His  paternal  grand- 
father, Marks  Brindle,  was  a  native  of  Ger- 
many, and  settled  in  Cumberland  county 
about  the  time  of  the  Revolutionary  war. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Reformed  church 
and  his  son,  George  Brindle,  was  born  June 
21,  1791.  George  Brindle  was  reared  on  the 
farm  and  learned,  with  his  brother  Jacob 
the  trade  of  miller,  which  he  followed  until 
his  marriage.  He  then  removed  to  his 
father-in-law's  farm  at  Carlisle  Springs, 
where  he  died  on  July  8,  1867.  He  was  a 
substantial  farmer,  held  several  township 
offices  and  served  one  term  as  director  of 
the  poor  of  Cumberland  county.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Reformed  church,  served 
in  the  State  Militia,  and  married  Elizabeth 
Duey,  whose  father,  Peter  Duey,  served 
under  Washington  and  was  at  Valley 
Forge.  Mrs.  Brindle  died  January  30, 
1864,  aged  63  years,  11  months.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Brindle  reared  a  family  of  four  sons 
and    two    daughters:       Captain    John    P., 


NlN"ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


341 


Margaret  E.,  William  D.,  and  Andrew  J., 
who  both  died  young;  David  P.,  a  farmer; 
and  Catharine,  who  wedded  Hezekiah 
Chandler  and  is  dead. 

Captain  John  P.  Brindle  was  reared  on 
the  farm,  received  a  common  school  educa- 
tion, and  assisted  his  father  in  farming  un- 
til 1850,  when  he  worked  at  carpentering 
until  1862,  when  on  October  3rd,  of  that 
year  he  enlisted  in  company  G.,  84th  Regi- 
ment, Pennsylvania  volunteer  infantry.  He 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg, 
Chancellorsville,  Wapping  Heights,  Thor- 
oughfare Gap,  Freeman's  Ford,  Bristow  Sta- 
tion, Kelly's  and  Jacob's  Fords,  Locust 
Grove,  Mine  Run,  Morton's  Ford,  Wilder- 
ness, Spottsylvania,  Pamunkey  River, 
North  Anna  River,  Tolopotomy,  Hauses 
Shops,  Pleasant  Hill,  Cold  Harbor,  Peters- 
burg and  Weldon  Railroad.  He  was  raised 
from  a  private  to  first  lieutenant,  October 
17,  1862,  promoted  to  captain  August  15th, 
1863,  and  discharged  for  disability  in  the 
field  in  front  of  Petersburg,  Va.,  on  July 
1 6th,  1864.  His  disability  was  brought 
about  by  a  severe  attack  of  typhoid  fever, 
and  after  returning  home  he  worked  some 
little  at  carpentering  for  a  couple  of  years. 
In  1866  he  was  elected  prothonotary  of 
Cumberland  county  and  served  in  that 
office  for  three  years.  He  then  followed 
contracting  and  building  until  1872,  when 
he  accepted  the  office  of  deputy  prothono- 
tary, which  he  held  until  1875,  in  which 
year  he  resumed  contracting  and  building. 
Ten  years  later  he  was  elected  justice  of 
the  peace  and  at  the  close  of  his  term  was 
re-elected.  His  second  term  of  five  years 
expired  in  May  6th,  1896,  and  on  May  6th, 
of  that  year,  he  was  appointed  as  notary 
public  by  Governor  Hastings.  Captain 
Brindle's  record  as  a  soldier  is  one  of  pri- 
vation, suffering,  and  of  hard  fighting  on 
twenty-seven  battlefields  of  the  Republic; 
while  his  career  as  a  county  and  borough 


official  has  been  distinguished  for  efficiency 
and  usefulness.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  poli- 
tics and  a  member  of  the  Reformed 
church.  He  is  a  charter  member  of  Capt. 
Colwell  Post  No.  201,  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic,  of  which  post  he  has  been  com- 
mander for  eight  years.  In  connection 
with  his  work  as  notary  public  he  does  a 
large  amount  of  pension  business,  in  which 
he  has  been  quite  successful. 

On  May  9,  1850,  Captain  Brindle 
wedded  Amanda  R.  Cornnian,a  daughter  ot 
David  Cornman,  of  Carlisle  Springs  at  the 
time  of  marriage.  To  their  union  liave 
been  born  seven  children:  Charles  W., 
Mary  E.,  David  E.,  and  Albert  N.  Anna 
and  John  P.  both  passed  away  in  child- 
hood and  Minnie  C.  Chas.  W.  died  aged 
12  years,  Mary  E.  died  aged  7  years  and  8 
months.  David  E.,  Albert  N.  and  Min- 
nie C.  are  living.  Amanda  R.,  wife,  died 
March  21st,  1894,  aged  64  years,  10  months 
and  was  born  May  23rd,  1829.  J.  P.  Brin- 
dle served  as  a  member  of  town  council, 
two  terms  as  chief  burgess  and  also  as  cor- 
oner of  the  county  for  six  years. 

JOHN  AHL,  M.  D.,  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  prominent  physicians  of 
York,  is  a  son  of  Peter  and  Mary 
(Stroman)  Ahl,  and  was  born  in  York  bor- 
ough April  15th,  1822.  The  Ahls  are  of 
German  lineage,  and  came  to  this  country 
prior  to  the  Revolutionary  war.  Dr.  Peter 
Ahl,  the  paternal  grandfather  of  John  Ahl, 
served  as  a  sergeant  in  the  Continental 
army.  He  was  also  a  minister  in  the  Ot- 
terbein  church,  and  but  little  record  is  pre- 
served of  him  beyond  the  fact  that  he  was 
a  good  physician  and  led  rather  an  itinerant 
life.  His  remains  rest  in  the  cemetery  at 
Baltimore,  Maryland.  His  son,  Peter  Ahl, 
was  born  in  Virginia,  learned  the  trade  of 
hatter  here  and  for  a  number  of  years  car- 
ried on  that  business  in  the  city  of  York, 


342 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


in  which  latter  place  he  died  at  the  age  of 
82  years  and  8  months.  He  wedded  Mary 
Stroman,  a  daughter  of  John  Stroman; 
both  are  deceased,  and  left  surviving  them 
six  children. 

Dr.  John  Ahl,  grew  to  manhood  in  the 
city  of  York,  received  a  good  rudimentary 
education  in  the  public  schools  and  then 
pursued  a  literary  and  scientific  course  at 
the  York  County  Academy.  When  nine- 
teen years  of  age,  he  commenced  to  read 
medicine  under  the  preceptorship  of  Dr. 
William  Mcllvain  and  at  the  conclusion  of 
his  course  entered  Washington  University, 
now  the  School  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
of  Baltimore,  Maryland,  from  which  medi- 
cal institution  he  graduated  in  the  class  of 
1845.  After  graduation  he  practiced  in 
York  for  six  months  and  then  removed  to 
Dover,  where  he  remained  up  to  1875.  In 
that  year  he  returned  to  York,  where  he 
has  since  been  located,  rapidly  built  up  a 
large  and  successful  practice,  and  now 
holds  a  respectful  and  afifectionate  regard 
in  the  hearts  of  his  fellow  townsmen. 

Dr.  Ahl  married  Elizabeth  (Nes)  Cole- 
man, widow  of  Morgan  Coleman,  of  Balti- 
mc  re,  and  daughter  of Nes,  of  Bal- 
timore. Dr.  Ahl  reared  and  educated  Dr. 
John  H.  Seififert,  now  a  successful  practic- 
ing physician  of  Chicago,  Illinois. 

In  public  life.  Dr.  Ahl  has  always  been 
averse  to  holding  any  strictly  political 
office,  and  has  been  persistent  in  adhering 
to  the  ethics  of  his  profession.  For  twelve 
years  he  served  York  county  as  its  coroner, 
has  been  physician  to  the  county  home  by 
appointment  for  several  years,  and  was 
health  officer  of  his  native  city  for  three 
years.  He  was  a  member  of  the  school 
board  of  Dover  township,  when  he  resided 
at  Dover,  and  where  also,  by  solicitation, 
he  served  several  terms  as  chief  burgess  of 
the  village.  He  has  always  been  unswerv- 
ing in  his  support  of  the  Democratic  party, 


though  he  has  firmly  stood  aloof  from  par- 
tisan politics.  Fraternally  Dr.  Ahl  is  con- 
nected with  the  Masonic  Order,  with  which 
he  has  been  connected  for  over  45  years, 
is  a  member  and  the  examining  physician 
of  Keystone  Lodge  No.  12,  Improved  Or- 
der of  Heptasophs.  He  was  among  the 
earliest  members  of  the  York  County  Med- 
ical Society ,and  during  his  period  of  prac- 
tice extending  over  half  a  century,  has  been 
identified  with  all  the  important  interests  of 
his  profession  since  its  organization. 

TBEUCE  BIRCH,  professor  of  Latin 
•  in  Irving  College,  Mechanicsburg, 
Pennsylvania,  is  the  son  of  Richard  and 
Ruth  (Edwards)  Birch,  and  was  born  at 
Bloomsburg,  Columbia  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, September  11,  1866.  Mr.  Birch  is 
of  English  origin,  his  father  having  been 
born  near  Shrewsbury,  Shropshire,  Eng- 
land. While  yet  a  young  man  he  came  to 
America  and  located  at  Bloomsburg,  where 
in  his  capacity  as  a  mining  engineer,  he  se- 
cured charge  of  iron  ore  mines  in  that 
locality  which  were  under  contract  to  sup- 
ply the  neighboring  furnaces.  Shortly  after 
coming  to  this  country  Mr.  Birch  married 
Ruth  Edwards,  a  native  of  his  own  shire 
in  England,  who  was  born  within  three 
miles  of  his  birth  place.  This  young 
woman  emigrated  to  America  with  her 
brother,  Richard  Edwards,  who  also 
located  at  Bloomsburg.  Two  sons  were 
born  to  the  Birch  family:  Joseph  Henry, 
residing  at  Bloomsburg,  and  T.  B.  The 
elder  Birch  was  a  man  of  considerable  musi- 
cal talent,  a  good  singer  and  in  his  English 
home  had  served  in  the  capacity  of  choir 
master.  Fraternally  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows. 
He  died  October  11,  1867;  the  wife  sur- 
vives, still  residing  at  Bloomsburg,  at  the 
age  of  fifty-seven.       She  is  a  regular  wor- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


343 


shipper  in  and  active  member  of  the  Luth- 
eran church. 

T.  Bruce  Birch  began  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  Bloomsburg,  from 
which  he  graduated  at  the  age  of  17.  He 
then  entered  the  Bloomsburg  State  Nor- 
mal School,  where  he  graduated  in  1885, 
and  this  equipped  him  for  educational 
work.  He  began  teaching  at  Vicksburg, 
Union  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  re- 
mained two  years.  This  secured  for  him 
a  second  diploma  from  the  normal  school. 
In  1880  Mr.  Birch  entered  the  junior  class 
at  Missionary  Institute,  Selins  Grove,  now 
Susquehanna  University,  and  in  the  fall 
went  to  Pennsylvania  College,  at  Gettys- 
burg, as  a  junior,  graduating  from  the  lat- 
ter college  in  1891.  His  object  being  to 
enter  the  Lutheran  ministry,  in  the  fall 
of  his  graduating  year  he  enrolled  as  a 
student  of  the  Theological  Seminary  at 
Gettysburg,  and  after  three  years  of  study 
and  tutoring  in  the  preparatory  depart- 
ment of  Pennsylvania  College,  graduated 
in  May,  1894,  and  was  ordained  by  the 
Susquehanna  Synod,  at  Milton,  Pennsyl- 
vania. The  only  charge  he  supplied  was 
Boiling  Springs.  There  he  remained  until 
September  i,  1896,  when  he  was  elected  to 
his  present  position.  For  this  chair  his 
thorough  training  and  his  experience  in  the 
work  of  teaching  have  admirably  equipped 
him.  September  15th,  1894,  he  married 
Sarah,  daughter  of  Geo.  W.  and  Elizabeth 
(Slear)  Himmelreich,  of  Cowan,  Union 
county,  a  union  in  which  there  was  added 
adaptability  from  the  fact  that  Miss  Him- 
melreich was  a  graduate  of  the  institution 
in  which  her  husband  now  teaches  and  in 
whose  fortunes  both  are,  therefore,  highly 
interested.  They  have  one  son,  George 
Henry. 

Mr.  Birch  is  a  member  of  St.  John 
Lodge,  No.  267,  Free  and  Accepted  Ma- 
sons, Carlisle. 


LILIAN  R.  SAFFORD,  M.  D.,  of 
York,  who  enjoys  the  distinction  of 
being  one  of  the  first  women  to  practice 
medicine  in  Southern  Pennsylvania,  is  a 
daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  Jefferson  P.,  and 
Cornelia  M.  (Ray)  Safiford,  and  was  born 
in  Ohio.  She  received  her  literary  educa- 
tion at  Putnam  Seminary,  Zanesville,  O., 
from  which  she  was  graduated  in  1881. 
After  leaving  the  Seminary  and  surveying 
the  different  avenues  of  life  open  to  human 
efifort.  Miss  Safford  made  selection  of  med- 
icine, then  a  field  in  which  woman  had  but 
barely  established  her  right  to  an  equal 
footing  with  man.  Consequently,  she  en- 
tered the  Women's  Medical  College  of  New 
York  city,  from  which  she  was  graduated 
in  the  class  of  1885.  Immediately  after 
graduation.  Dr.  Safiford  took  a  post-gradu- 
ate course  in  gynecology,  pathology  and 
diseases  of  the  throat  and  chest.  At  the 
close  of  her  post-graduate  studies  she  be- 
came physician  in  charge  of  her  uncle's,  Dr. 
Strong's  sanitarium  at  Saratoga  Springs, 
New  York,  where  she  remained  from  1885 
to  1889.  During  this  period,  however,  she 
made  two  visits  to  Europe,  where  she  stud- 
ied the  treatment  of  various  diseases  in  dif- 
ferent continental  hospitals.  Leaving  the 
sanatarium  in  1889,  Dr.  Safiford  came  to 
York,  where  she  opened  an  office  and  has 
since  continued  to  practice.  She  is  a  gen- 
eral practitioner,  but  makes  a  specialty,  to 
some  extent,  of  gynecology  and  diseases 
of  children.  Dr.  Safiford  is  broad  minded 
and  liberal,  and  studies  her  profession  out- 
side of  the  prescribed  standard  of  any  par- 
ticular school,  being  well  acquainted  with 
the  Allopathic,  Homeopathic,  Eclectic  and 
other  systems  of  medicine. 

The  Safifords  are  of  Puritan  stock  and 
New  England  descent,  many  members  of 
the  family  having  been  prominent  and  in- 
fluential in  the  communities  where  they  re- 
sided.      Tracing  Dr.  Safford's  genealogy 


344 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


back  three  generations  we  find  that  her 
grandfather,  Henry  Safford,  was  a  native 
of  Vermont,  and  in  the  early  history  of 
Ohio  settled  at  Zanesville,  in  that  State, 
where  he  was  engaged  as  a  jeweler  for  a 
number  of  years.  He  married  Patience 
Van  Horn,  a  native  of  New  England,  and 
a  relative  of  Major  Van  Horn,  of  Revolu- 
tionary fame,  by  whom  he  had  seven  chil- 
dren: Professor  James,  State  Geologist, 
and  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  Vander- 
bilt  University,  Tennessee;  Isaac  Van 
Horn,  a  mine  owner  and  civil  engineer,  of 
California,  now  deceased;  Mary,  deceased; 
Mrs.  Annie  Triplet,  Rev.  Dr.  Jefferson  P., 
Mrs.  Bessie  Barney. 

Rev.  Dr.  Jefferson  P.  Saflford  was  born 
at  Putman,  Ohio,  September  22,  1823,  and 
ended  his  labors  of  life  on  July  10,  1881. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Ohio,  at  Athens,  in  1843,  ^"d  served  suc- 
cessively as  principal  of  Dry  Creek  Acad- 
emy, Covington,  Kentucky;  superinten- 
dent of  the  Indianapolis  Academy,  and  pro- 
fessor of  mathematics  in  the  Theological 
Institute  of  Covington,  Kentucky.  In 
1848  he  entered  Princeton  Theological 
Seminary,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
four  years  later.  He  then  accepted  the 
chair  of  mathematics  in  Richmond  Acad- 
emy, Virginia,  and  on  September  i,  1855, 
was  ordained  to  the  ministry  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  by  the  Presbytery  of  Lex- 
ington, Kentucky.  His  pastorates  were 
at  Frankfort,  Kentucky;  Piqua,  Ohio,  and 
New  Albany,  Indiana.  In  1867  he  retired 
from  active  service  in  the  ministry  to  be- 
come Secretary  for  the  States  of  Ohio  and 
Indiana,  which  position  he  held  until  his 
death  in  1889.  The  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  was  conferred  on  him  in  1877  by 
Washington  and  Jefferson  College,  Penn- 
sylvania. 

On    August    31,     1852,     Rev.     Safford 
wedded,  at  Indianapolis,  Cornelia  M.  Ray, 


a  daughter  of  James  M.  Ray,  who  was  of 
Scotch  descent.  Rev.  Doctor  and  Mrs. 
Safford  had  five  children:  Cornelia  M.,  in- 
termarried with  T.  A.  Mills,  Ph.  D.,  of 
Wilkesbarre,  Pennsylvania;  Harry  P.,  M. 
D.,  now  deceased;  Dr.  Lilian  R.,  J.  Ray, 
of  New  York  city,  and  Anna  T. 

JOHN  R.  BAKER,  a  builder  of  fine  car- 
riages and  buggies  at  Shiremanstown, 
is  a  native  of  Upper  Allen  township, 
having  been  born  at  Shepherdstown,  Octo- 
ber 25,  1845,  the  son  of  John  S.  and  Mary 
(Rinderknecht)   Baker.       The  Bakers  are 
of     German     extraction.       Jacob     Baker, 
grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  a  black- 
smith near  Dillsburg,  York  county.       His 
son,  John  S.,   father  of  our  subject,   was 
born  in  Chanceford  township,  in  the  lower 
end  of  York   county,   June  8,    1814,   and 
came    to    Cumberland    county    when    his 
father  moved  into  Upper  Allen  about  1820. 
The  elder  Baker  died  aged  70  years.      Tbe 
son  became  a  farmer  and  also  engaged  to 
some  extent  in  butchering.       He  was  an 
old  line  Whig  and  naturally  became  identi- 
fied with  the  new  Republican  party  at  its 
inception.       He    lived    on    his    farm    near 
Shepherdstown    for    fifty-four    years    and 
having  removed  to  near  Shiremanstown,  he 
lived  about  two  years,  dying  December  7, 
1896.       His  wife  was  Mary,  daughter  of 
Henry  Rinderknecht,  a  native  of  Germany, 
who  came  to  America  about  1816,  and  lo- 
cated   in    Lancaster    county,    later    com- 
ing    into     Cumberland,     where     he     lo- 
cated in  Upper  Allen  and  followed  farming. 
There  were  three  sons  and  two  daughters 
born  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.   Baker:   Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Isaac  Bell,  of  near  Eberly's  Mills; 
Henry  R.,  carriage  maker  of  Harrisburg; 
John  R. ;  William,  a  York  county  farmer. 
Our  subject  was  reared  on  his  father's 
farm  and  educated  at  Mt.  Allen  school.  At 
the  age  of  nineteen  he  was  apprenticed  to 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


345 


John  Palmer,  of  Mechanicsburg,  to  learn 
carriage  making.  That  trade  acquired  he 
started  to  build  carriages  with  his  brother, 
Henry  R.,  a  business  they  conducted 
seven  years,  down  to  1881,  when  Mr. 
Baker  came  to  Shiremanstown  and  suc- 
ceeded Daniel  Rupp  in  the  carriage  build- 
ing business.  This  business  he  expanded 
and  enlarged  and  now  manufactures  a  large 
full  line  of  vehicles.  The  plant  is  one  of 
very  respectable  proportions  and  well- 
equipped;  being  a  two  story  brick,  35x40 
with  two  frame  buildings  in  the  rear  30x35 
nnd  two  stories  high.  There  is  an  ample 
blacksmith  shop  attached  and  from  six  to 
ten  mechanics  are  constantly  employed. 
Mr.  Baker  has  a  commendable  war  record 
and  was  a  member  of  the  famous  87th 
Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  He 
enlisted  April  2,  1862,  in  Company  E., 
First  Regiment,  and  participated  in  the 
heavy  fighting  during  Grant's  advance  be- 
yond the  Rapidan  and  in  Sheridan's  brief 
but  brilliant  campaign  through  the  She- 
nandoah Valley.  Returning  home  at  the 
expiration  of  his  term  of  enlistment,  he  ap- 
plied himself  to  his  trade.  Mr.  Baker  is  a 
member  of  the  Reformed  Mennonite 
church. 

May  30,  1868,  he  was  married  to  Annie, 
daughter  of  Simon  Dean,  a  citizen  of  Me- 
chanicsburg. They  had  twelve  children,  of 
whom  nine  are  living:  Noreen  L.,  wife  of 
Harry  Wingert;  Minnie,  wife  of  A.  A. 
Mumma;  Grace,  wife  of  Elmer  Stone; 
James,  a  carriage  painter;  Samuel,  a  car- 
riage painter;  Mary,  Romaine,  Dean  and 
Ralph,  all  at  home.  The  family  all  reside 
in  Shiremanstown. 

PROFESSOR  MARTIN  S.  TAYLOR, 
a  well-known  educator  of  Shiremans- 
town, Pennsylvania,  is  the  son  of  George 
M.  and  Martha  (Hammond)  Taylor,  and 
was  born  at  Spring  Run,  Franklin  county, 


this  State,  on  April  i,  1847.  The  family  is 
of  German  origin.  John  Taylor,  the  great- 
grandfather, and  his  son  Casper,  the  grand- 
father of  the  subject,  were  farmers,  and  kept 
a  summer  resort  in  Amberson's  Valley,  in 
the  northern  part  of  Franklin  county.  He 
died  at  his  home  November  30th,  1848.  He 
married  Isabel  Matthews  April  30th,  1776, 
by  whom  he  had  five  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters; John,  dead,  late  a  farmer  near  Spring- 
field, Ohio;  Isabel,  widow  of  Elias  Grover, 
now  residing  at  New  Bloomfield,  Penn- 
sylvania;  George   H. ;   Nancy,   dead,    who 

was  twice  married,  first  to Carothers, 

and  next  to  Samuel  Shearer;  Andrew  Jack- 
son, dead,  who  was  a  saddler  by  trade  and 
passed  most  of  his  life  at  Fort  Littleton, 
Fulton  county,  Pennsylvania;  William, 
dead,  late  a  millwright,  near  Spring- 
field, Ohio;  Samuel,  dead,  late  a 
farmer  of  Mowersville,  Franklin  county, 
Pennsylvania.  George  M.  Taylor,  father 
of  subject,  was  born  at  the  first  home- 
stead in  Amberson  Valley,  May  16, 
181 1,  and  died  on  March  24,  1896,  at  his 
home  near  the  scene  of  his  birth.  He  was 
a  farmer  and  woolen  manufacturer,  own- 
ing and  operating  a  woolen  mill  near  his 
home  at  Amberson  Valley.  He  was  quite 
an  active  business  man  and  was  eminently 
successful.  He  was  a  Christian  man  and  a 
member  of  the  Presbyterian  church.  In 
politics  he  was  a  Republican  and  held  the 
position  of  school  directorforseveral  terms. 
He  married  Martha  Hammond,  a  daughter 
of  Laurence  Hammond,  who  was  of  Ger- 
man descent  and  a  farmer  and  stock  dealer 
of  Spring  Run,  Franklin  county.  There 
resulted  from  this  union  six  daughters  and 
three  sons:  Mary  B.,  wife  of  Noah  M. 
Laughlin,  a  farmer  and  stock  dealer  of 
near  Newburg,  Cumberland  county ;  Frank- 
lin, a  farmer  near  Spring  Run,  who  was  a 
gallant  soldier  in  the  late  war.  He  enlisted 
in  August  1862,  in  Company  F,  13th  Regi- 


346 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


merit,  Pennsylvania  Volunteer  Cavalry, 
served  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  partic- 
ipated in  the  last  day's  fight  at  the  battle 
of  Gettysburg,  and  was  taken  prisoner  at 
Jefferson,  Virginia,  October  13,  1863.  He 
was  confined  eighteen  months  in  Libby 
and  the  Pemberton  prisons  and  Belle  Isle, 
and  for  thirteen  months  endured  the  hor- 
rors of  Andersonville,  being  liberated  only 
at  the  close  of  the  war.  Margaret  A.,  of 
Path  Valley,  Franklin  county;  Martin  S., 
the  subject  of  this  sketch ;  Emma,  the  wife 
of  David  A.  Nonsbaum,  a  farmer  of  near 
Newburg,  Cumberland  county;  Ida  M., 
wife  of  Wilbur  W.  Skinner,  from  near  Dry 
Run,  Franklin  county;  Hannah  F.,  wife  of 
George  Rine,  a  farmer  of  Amberson,  on 
the  old  homestead,  and  another  sister  who 
died  in  infancy. 

Martin  S.  Taylor,  of  whom  we  write,  was 
brought  up  on  the  farm  and  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools,  Shippens- 
burg  Normal  school  and  Spring  Run  and 
Dry  River  Academies.  When  the  war  of 
the  Rebellion  broke  out,  he  was  a  mere 
lad,  attending  the  public  schools  and  work- 
ing about  the  farm.  In  August  1864,  he 
enlisted  in  Company  I,  198th  Regiment, 
Pennsylvania  Infantry  and  served  in  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  in  the  first  brigade, 
third  division,  fifth  army  corps.  He  parti- 
cipated in  the  engagement  of  Peeble's  farm, 
near  Richmond,  on  October  2nd,  1864, 
where  he  received  a  bullet  wound  in  the 
left  hand  that  cost  him  that  member,  it 
having  been  amputated  the  same  day  near 
the  place  of  engagement.  He  was  sent  to 
Lincoln  hospital,  Washington,  D.  C, 
where  he  was  discharged  from  service  on 
January  20,  1865.  When  he  returned 
home  he  entered  the  academy  at  Spring 
Run  and  Dry  Run,  and  in  1868  com- 
menced teaching  school,  which  profession 
he  has  followed  continuously  during  the 
winter.    In  1880  he  entered  Shippensburg 


Normal  School  which  he  attended  during 
summer  and  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1884.  He  taught  in  country  schools  until 
1880.  He  then  taught  the  grammar  de- 
partment in  Shippensburg  for  nine  years, 
and  for  six  years  of  that  time  was  assistant 
principal  of  the  High  school,  and  in  1895 
became  the  principal  of  the  Shiremanstown 
High  school.  He  is  a  member  of  Corporal 
McClain  Post,  No.  423,  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic,  of  Shippensburg,  and  has  served 
as  adjutant  and  treasurer  of  that  post.  He 
belongs  to  Lodge  No.  207,  Ancient  Order 
United  American  Mechanics  and  is  a  past 
officer.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Royal  Ar- 
canum of  Shippensburg,  a  member  of  the 
Church  of  God  and  belongs  to  its  council. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Republican  and  has  filled 
several  of  the  minor  local  offices.  On  June 
16,  1870,  he  married  Mary  M.  Hoch, 
daughter  of  Abraham  Hoch,  a  Pennsyl- 
vania German  and  a  farmer  of  Mowers- 
ville,  Franklin  county.  The  subject  is  the 
father  of  six  children  living  and  three  dead, 
Phoebe  E.,  wife  of  A.  L.  Stevick,  of  Har- 
risburg,  Pennsylvania;  Lena  A.,  wife  of  A. 
S.  Fitz,  a  teacher  living  in  Waynesboro, 
Franklin  county;  Hulda  G.,  who  resides  at 
home;  Martha  E.  (dead);  Jessie  A.,  (dead); 
Raub,  at  home;  Bayard,  at  home;  Annie 
B.,  at  home,  and  Georgia  (dead). 

REV.  IRA  FRANKLIN  BRAME, 
pastor  of  Plainfield,  Lower  Frank- 
ford  and  Carlisle  Springs  Lutheran  churches 
is  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Mary  (Arnold) 
Brame,  and  was  born  five  miles  west  of 
York  Springs,  Adams  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, November  12,  1859.  His  great- 
grandfather,        Brame,    came    from 

Germany  to  Adams  county,  where  his  son, 
Daniel  Brame,  Sr.,  was  born  and  lived,  a 
devout  Lutheran  and  an  honest  man.  Dan- 
iel Brame,  Sr.,  married  and  reared  a  family 
and  his  son,  Daniel  Brame,  was  born  Sep- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


347 


tember  1803.  This  Daniel  Brame,  the 
younger,  was  a  successful  farmer,  a  pro- 
nounced Lutheran  and  a  strong  Republi- 
can. He  held  various  local  offices  and  died 
on  the  Brame  homestead,  August  12,  1877, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  seventy-five  years. 
His  wife  Mary  (Arnold)  Brame,  was  a 
daughter  of  Peter  Arnold  Brame,  and 
passed  away  June  12,  1890,  aged  JJ  years. 
Their  family  consisted  of  seven  sons  and 
three  daughters:  Jacob  and  Ephraim,  far- 
mers of  Adams  county;  Edwin,  who  served 
two  years  in  Company  G,  138th  Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers  and  was  killed  at  Cold 
Harbor;  Amelia,  wife  of  Simon  B.  Laban, 
of  Indiana;  Daniel,  of  Dayton,  Ohio;  Ezra, 
Emma,  Mary  and  Howard,  of  Adams 
county;  and  Rev.  Ira  F.,  whose  name 
heads  this  sketch. 

Rev.  Ira  F.  Brame  was  reared  on  the 
farm  and  after  attending  common  school 
and  select  schools,  taught  for  three  years. 
He  then  entered  Pennsylvania  College  of 
Gettysburg  and  was  graduated  in  the  class 
of  1887.  Leaving  college  he  became  a  stu- 
dent in  the  Gettysburg  Theological  Semin- 
ary from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1890, 
and  in  July  of  that  year  received  and  ac- 
cepted a  call  from  the  West  End  charge  in 
Bedford  and  Somerset  counties.  He  was 
ordained  in  Berlin,  Somerset  county,  Sep- 
tember 7th,  1890,  and  served  on  the  West 
End  charge  until  October,  1891,  when  he 
accepted  a  call  from  the  Lower  Frankford 
charge  of  Cumberland  county,  consisting 
of  the  Plainfield,  Lower  Frankford  and 
Carlisle  Springs  Lutheran  churches,  which 
he  has  serv^ed  acceptably  ever  since.  Rev. 
Brame  is  a  theologian  of  note,  a  clear  rea- 
soner  and  an  interesting  speaker,  and  ranks 
as  an  able  and  successful  minister. 

On  July  30,  1889,  Rev.  Brame  wedded 
Nannie  E.  Meals,  whose  father,  the  late 
William  Meals  was  a  marble  cutter,  and 
had  served  as  a  Union  soldier  in  the  late 


civil  war.  Their  union  has  been  blessed 
with  four  children:  Edna,  Grace,  Emma 
Lucile,  Luther  Franklin  and  Edward  Grant. 

HENRY  N.  BOWMAN,  justice  of  the 
peace  of  Camp  Hill,  Cumberland 
county,  is  a  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth 
(Davis)  Bowman  and  was  born  in  his  pres- 
ent home  August  4,  1840.  The  Bowmans 
are  of  German  nativity.  John  Bowman, 
great-great-grandfather  of  our  subject,  was 
a  native  of  Northern  Germany,  who  came 
to  America  and  located  at  Ephrata,  Lan- 
caster county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  be- 
came one  of  the  prominent  farmers  of 
Lower  Manor  township.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Dunkard  church  and  lived  to  be 
ninety-five  years  of  age.  Samuel  Bowman, 
great-grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  born 
in  that  township  but  removed  to  East 
Pennsboro,  Cumberland  county,  where  he 
became  an  extensive  land  owner  and  far- 
mer. Our  subject  has  in  his  possession  the 
will  in  which  he  disposed  of  his  property 
among  his  children.  Part  of  this  property 
is  located  in  a  part  of  what  is  now  Perry 
county.  He  had  two  sons,  John  and 
Henry.  John,  the  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject, in  the  division  of  the  property,  re- 
ceived some  farming  lands  in  Pennsboro 
township.  This  ancestor  was  a  native  of 
Ephrata,  Lancaster  county,  Pa.,  where  he 
was  born  in  1768.  In  1780  he  came  to 
Camp  Hill  where  he  accumulated  consider- 
able wealth  and  property,  owning  as  much 
as  eleven  hundred  acres  of  land  in  Perry 
county  and  also  a  large  distillery,  beside 
which  he  held  several  hundred  acres  in 
East  Pennsboro  township  and  kept  the 
Bowm.an  hotel  at  Camp  Hill.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Dunkard  church.  By  his 
wife  Regina  Wolf,  who  was  also  a  Dunk- 
ard, he  had  a  family  of  five  children:  Sam- 
uel, a  minister  of  the  Dunkard  church; 
John,  father  of  our  subject;  George,  farmer 


348 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


of  this  township,  who  died  in  Mount  Car- 
rol!, Illinois,  where  he  moved  later  in  life; 
Fannie,  who  married  Rev.  Simon  Dries- 
baugh;  Susan,  who  married  George  W. 
Criswell.  John  Bowman  was  born  Sep- 
tember 5,  1805,  and  followed  farming  all 
his  life.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Church 
of  God  and  a  co-worker  with  John  Wine- 
brenner,  the  founder  of  this  body.  His 
death  occurred  December  4,  1893.  He 
married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Zacheus 
Davis,  a  native  of  Lancaster  county,  who 
came  to  Shippensburg  when  a  young  man 
and  became  a  carpenter  and  builder.  The 
Davises  were  Welsh  Presbyterians.  The 
maternal  grandmother  of  our  subject  was 
Catherine  (Hyer)  Davis,  a  daughter  of 
Lewis  Hyer,  a  veteran  of  the  Revolutionary 
war.  John  Bowman  had  four  sons  and 
two  daughters:  Dr.  John  D.,  deceased, 
late  a  physician  of  Harrisburg  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  legislature  from  Cumberland 
county  in  the  '6o's;  Zacheus,  a  retired  far- 
mer of  Camp  Hill;  Henry,  our  subject; 
George,  dentist  of  Mechanicsburg;  Ann  E. 
wife  of  Dr.  A.  W.  Nicholas,  of  Camp  Hill; 
and  Alice,  who  died  single. 

Our  subject  was  brought  up  on  a  farm 
and  received  his  education  at  White  Hal! 
Academy,  after  finishing  which,  he  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits  at  Harrisburg  until 
1862, when  he  entered  the  First  City  Troop, 
of  Harrisburg,  and  took  part  in  the  battle 
of  Antietam  and  minor  engagements  until 
mustered  out  of  the  service  in  September 
1862.  He  then  came  to  Camp  Hill  and 
conducted  a  general  store  until  1878, 
when  he  became  part  owner  of  the  White 
Hall  Soldiers'  Orphan  school,  with  Cap- 
tain Moore,  his  brother-in-law.  In  1888 
Captain  Moore  retired  and  Professor  S. 
B.  Heiges  and  the  present  subject  conduct- 
ed the  school  for  two  years,  at  the  expira- 
tion of  which  time  the  State  took  charge 
of  the  institution  and  our  subject  became 


manager,  a  position  he  held  until  the  con- 
solidation of  the  schools  in  1890.  Since 
that  time  he  has  been  devoting  his  atten- 
tion to  his  farming  interests.  In  politics 
Mr.  Bowman  is  a  stanch  Democrat  but 
popular  enough,  despite  his  pronounced 
Democracy,  to  be  elected  justice  of  the 
peace  in  a  strong  Republican  district  in 
1880,  and  to  be  re-elected  at  the  expiration 
of  each  term  ever  since.  In  1896  he  was  a 
Democratic  candidate  for  Clerk  of  the 
Courts  and  Recorder,  and  though  McKin- 
ley  carried  the  county  by  eleven  hundred 
plurality,  Mr.  Bowman  was  defeated  by  but 
two  hundred  and  eighty-three  votes.  He  is 
a  member  of  Harrisburg  Council,  No.  7. 
Free  and  Accepted  Masons;  of  Pilgrim 
Commandery  No.  11,  Knights  Templar; 
Samuel  C.  Perkins'  Chapter,  No.  209,  Royal 
Arch  Masons,  of  Mechanicsburg;  past 
master  of  Eureka  Lodge,  No.  302,  Master 
Mason,  of  Mechanicsburg;  of  Corn  Planter 
Tribe,  No.  61,  Improved  Order  of  Red 
Men,  of  Harrisburg;  Robert  Kippit  Coun- 
cil, Junior  Order  United  American  Me- 
chanics, of  Harrisburg,  and  of  Post  No. 
58,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  of  Har- 
risburg. He  is  an  active  member  and  elder 
in  the  Church  of  God. 

June  14,  1866,  he  married  Jennie  M., 
daughter  of  Jacob  Kline,  a  merchant  of 
Lower  Allen  township,  by  whom  he  has 
had  three  sons  and  three  daughters:  Harry 
J.,  at  home;  Allie,  wife  of  E.  N.  Cooper,  of 
Camp  Hill ;  Jesse,  shipping  clerk  at  Harris- 
burg; Addison  M.,  attending  Shippensburg 
State  Normal  school,  and  Lizzie  and  Rose, 
both  dead. 

Mrs.  Bowman's  mother  was  Elizabeth,  a 
daughter  of  Michael  Longsdorf,  a  farmer 
of  New  Kingston,  and  a  soldier  of  the 
war  of  1812. 


R 


EV.  WILLIAM  HENRY  WEAVER 
is    the    son    of   John    and    Hannah 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


349 


(Kinter)  Weaver,  and  was  born  in  Frank- 
lin townsliip,  Yorl<  county,  Pennsylvania, 
February  23,  1861.  His  ancestry  on  the 
mp.ternal  side  traces  back  to  his  great- 
great-grandfather,  John  Kinter,  and  his 
wife,  Mrs.  (Prince)  Kinter,  who  emi- 
grated to  Pennsylvania  no  later  than  1760. 
They  purchased  nearly  four  hundred  acres 
of  land  from  James  Graham,  who  owned 
an  extensive  tract  of  forest  country,  that 
was  granted  by  the  commonwealth,  to  the 
said  Graham,  August  the  20th,  1747,  at 
Philadelphia,  at  that  time  a  portion  of 
Monaghan  township,  Lancaster  county. 

The  tract  of  land  sold  to  John  Kinter  is 
located  in  Franklin  township,  York  county, 
a  portion  of  which  is  still  owned  by  des- 
cendants of  this  pioneer  settler.  In  1766 
or  in  1769,  soon  after  the  family  located  on 
their  newly  purchased  property,  John  Km- 
ter  was  killed  by  the  falling  of  a  tree  and 
his  body  was  the  first  interred  in  the  Frank- 
lin churchyard. 

There  survived  him  two  sons  and  one 
daughter,  viz:  John,  Valentine,  and  Eliza- 
beth. John  was  married  to  Christiana  Hollf- 
man;  Valentine  to  John's  wife's  sister, Mary 
Hoffman;  and  Elizabeth  to  a  Mr.  Kimmel 

There  were  born  to  Valentine,  and  Mary 
Kinter,  eight  children  as  follows:  Jacob, 
John,  David,  Michael,  Daniel,  Elizabeth, 
Sarah  and  Mary.  Mary  is  still  living  with 
her  son  in  Dillsburg,  at  the  age  of  eighty- 
three  years. 

Michael  Kinter  and  Elizabeth  Miller 
were  married  about  1834.  To  this  union 
there  were  eight  children,  viz. :  Harriet, 
Hannah,  Mary,  Elizabeth,  and  four  died 
in  childhood.  Michael  Kinter  and  wife 
were  intensely  religious,  both  were  mem- 
bers of  the  Lutheran  church.  For  manv 
years  he  was  a  prominent  officer  in  the 
Franklin  congregation.  In  1849  when  the 
United  Brethren  missionary  from  Littles- 
town,  Adams  county,  travelled  as  far  as 


Franklin  township,  in  York  county,  this 
family  were  the  first  to  receive  him.  This 
was  a  home  for  him;  here  he  preached  and 
unfolded  a  simple  gospel,  and  at  least  par- 
tially through  the  influence  and  aid  of  this 
family,  the  missionary  lay  the  foundations 
of  the  U.  B.  church  in  these  parts.  Michael 
Kinter  gave  his  influence  early  in  favor  of 
the  public  schools,  and  was  one  of  the 
first  directors  in  his  district.  He  was  always 
regarded  as  a  useful  and  highly  respected 
citizen.     He  died  in   1879. 

On  the  paternal  side  our  subject  traces 
his  ancestry  back  to  the  great-great-grand- 
father, David  Weaver,  who  likely  emi- 
grated to  Pennsylvania,  probably  more 
than  one  hundred  and  thirty  years  ago,  and 
finally  located  in  Reading  township,  Adams 
county. 

David,  a  son  was  born  in  1767,  and 
gained  a  livelihood  at  tailoring  and  became 
a  prominent  citizen  of  the  county.  John, 
another  son  located  at  Burlington,  New 
Jersey,  where  he  acquired  considerable 
wealth.  David  married  Mary  Overholt- 
zcr,  about  1789,  by  whom  he  had  ten  chil- 
dren: Elizabeth,  John,  Mary,  Catharine, 
Samuel,  Benjamin,  Sallie,  Leah,  David  and 
Margaret. 

David,  next  to  the  youngest  of  the  fam- 
ily, was  born  April  the  3rd,  1806,  married 
Hannah  Kriner  in  1834,  by  whom  he  had 
ten  children:  Sarah,  John,  George,  Wil- 
liam, Cornelius,  Mariah,  Henry,  Jeremiah, 
and  two  that  died  in  infancy.  He  followed 
farming  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century 
near  Dillsburg,  and  afterward  near  Table 
Rock,  until  1872,  when  his  companion 
died. 

He  still  resides  at  Table  Rock,  at  the 
venerable  age  of  ninety-one  years.  Fifty 
years  ago  they  both  united  with  the  Ger- 
man Baptist  church  and  were  always  re- 
garded as  plain,  unassuming,  conscientious, 
upright  Christians. 


23 


350 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


John,  the  oldest  son  was  born  in  1836, 
and  learned  the  wheelwright  trade,  which 
he  followed  for  thirty-five  years  in  Frank- 
lin township  where  he  now  resides  on  his 
farm.  He  married  Hannah  Kinter,  in 
i860,  by  whom  he  had  four  children,  Wil- 
liam H.,  Elmer  David,  a  wheelwright  of 
Carroll  township,  Cleasen  John,  a  shoe  mer- 
chant of  Dillsburg,  died  November  9th, 
1894,  and  Cora  E.,  at  home. 

Our  subject,  William  H.,  was  brought  up 
on  the  farm,  and  secured  his  education,  in 
the  public  schools,  in  the  Franklintown  lo- 
cal normal,  and  at  the  Keystone  State  Nor- 
mal, at  Kutztown,  Pa.  He  taught  six 
years  in  the  public  and  select  schools  of  his 
county.  In  March,  1886,  he  entered  the 
itinerant  ministry  of  the  "United  Brethren 
in  Christ  Church."  His  first  charge  was 
in  Baltimore  county,  where  he  officiated 
successfull}^  for  three  years,  after  which  he 
was  assigned  to  Littlestown,  Adams  county 
for  two  years.  He  then  was  sent  to  Mont 
Alto,  Franklin  county,  where  his  labors 
were  crowned  with  rich  success  during 
three  years.  From  Mont  Alto,  he  was  as- 
signed to  Dillsburg,  in  1894,  where  his 
ministerial  labors  continue  at  present. 

Rev.  Weaver  was  married  on  the  tenth 
day  of  June,  1884,  to  Ida  E.  Heiges,  a  na- 
tive of  Clearfield  county,  and  daughter  of 
Abram  and  Henrietta  (Rishel)  Heiges. 
They  have  two  children,  a  son  and  daugh- 
ter. Alvin  La  Verne,  was  born  at  Littles- 
town,  Adams  county,  Sunday,  August  24th, 
1890.  Elta  Marie,  was  born  at  Dillsburg, 
York  county,  Thursday,  September  20th, 


BENJAMIN  PLANK,  a  lineal  repre- 
sentative of  an  old  and  respectable 
Pennsylvania  family,  is  a  son  of  Samuel 
and  Sarah  (Bechtold)  Plank,  and  was  born 
in  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania,  Octo- 
ber 17th,  1827. 


Nicholas  Plank,  great  grandfather  of 
Benjamin,  was  a  native  of  one  of  the  Ger- 
man Swiss  provinces  and  in  company  with 
some  of  his  brothers  came  to  America 
some  time  prior  to  the  War  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, locating  in  Cocalico  township,  Lan- 
caster county,  this  State.  Here  he  obtained 
possession  of  a  tract  of  land,  engaged  in 
agricultural  pursuits  and  rose  to  a  degree 
of  considerable  prominence  among  the  far- 
mers of  that  county.  He  died  and  is  bur- 
ied in  the  township  of  his  adoption.  He 
reared  a  large  family  of  chddren  who  grad- 
ually diffused  throughout  Berks,  Chester 
and  Lancaster  counties,  one  son,  Nicholas, 
being  an  exception.  This  latter  son  re- 
mained on  the  old  homestead  in  Lancaster 
county  where  he  passed  his  life  amid  very 
similar  scenes  and  pursuits  that  had  en- 
grossed his  father.  Two  of  his  sons,  Sam- 
uel and  Jacob,  after  attaining  their  major- 
ities removed  to  Cumberland  county  and 
located  in  South  Middleton  township, 
where  Jacob  carried  on  an  establishment 
for  the  manufacture  of  wagons  and  plows. 
Here  he  became  the  inventor  of  the  Plank 
Plow  Wheel,  which,  with  a  few  slight 
changes,  has  been  in  constant  and  success- 
ful use  for  a  period  of  sixty  years.  Sam- 
uel learned  the  trade  of  blacksmithing, 
which  trade  he  pursued  for  some  time  prior 
to  his  removal  to  Cumberland  county  in 
1830.  Subsequently,  for  a  period  of  ten 
years,  he  followed  his  trade  in  South  Mid- 
dleton township,  after  which  he  engaged  in 
farming  and  so  continued  until  the  year 
i860.  In  1865  he  retired  from  active  busi- 
ness pursuits  and  removed  to  Carlisle 
where  he  died.  He  was  married  to 
Sarah  Bechtold,  of  Dauphin  county, 
by  whom  he  had  nine  children, 
five  sons  and  four  daughters:  John; 
David,  a  resident  of  the  State  of  Il- 
linois; Mary,  deceased,  wife  of  Leonard 
Wise;   Benjamin,   subject;  Jacob,   retired,. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


351 


living  in  Illinois;  Peter,  resident  of  Me- 
chanicsburg,  Pa.;  Sarah,  wife  of  Daniel 
Stambaugh;  Annie,  deceased, wife  of  Henry 
Pressel. 

Benjamin  Plank,  our  subject,  was 
brought  up  in  his  boyhood  to  the  trade  of 
blacksmithing  and  from  the  age  of  seven- 
teen to  twenty  years  was  his  father's  assis- 
tant in  the  latter's  shop.  He  then  ob- 
tained a  clerkship  in  a  store  which  he  re- 
tained for  some  three  years,  at  the  expira- 
tion of  which  time  he  removed  to  Barnitz, 
Dickinson  township,  and  engaged  in  a  gen- 
eral mercantile  business  which  he  contin- 
ued for  thirteen  years.  In  1865  he  disposed 
of  the  store  in  Dickinson  township  and  re- 
moved to  Carlisle  where  he  opened  a  boot 
and  shoe  store.  This  business  remamed 
in  his  possession  until  1872,  since  which 
time  Mr.  Plank  has  been  practically  retired 
from  active  business  concerns,  devoting  his 
time  exclusively  to  looking  after  his  real 
estate  in  Carlisle  and  his  farm  in  Dickin- 
son township.  Mr.  Plank  is  a  Republican 
in  politics  and  has  always  shown  a  laud- 
able and  intelligent  interest  in  the  issues  and 
welfare  of  the  party.  In  1872  he  was  elec- 
ted Justice  of  the  Peace  and  served  con  ■ 
tinuously  for  a  period  of  ten  years.  In  all 
his  relations  Mr.  Plank  has  exhibited  the 
qualities  of  a  good  citizen  and  broad- 
minded  man.  He  is  careful,  frugal  and  de- 
voted to  every  cause  which  has  for  its  pur- 
pose the  up-building  of  the  home  and  the 
community.  In  these  respects  he  has  won 
the  unqualified  confidence  and  esteem  of 
his  fellow  townsmen.  He  is  an  attendant 
at  and  liberal  contributor  to  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church. 

On  March  4th,  1851,  Mr.  Plank  married 
Mrs.  Mary  Zug,  daughter  of  John  Wolf,  of 
South  Middleton  township  and  widow  of 
John  Zug.  By  this  union  three  children 
were  born:  Sarah  Anna  and  Harry  Bech- 
told,  both  deceased  in  infancy;  and  John 


W.,  whose  sketch  appears  elsewhere  in  this 
work.  Mrs.  Plank  is  still  living  at  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  seventy  years. 

JOHN  W.  PLANK,  the  leading  dr\' 
goods  merchant  of  Carlisle,  Cumber- 
land county,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  son  of 
Benjamin  and  Mary  (Wolf)  Plank  and  was 
born  in  the  afore  mentioned  county  on  Jan- 
uary 28th,  1859.  His  career  has  been 
marked  by  unusual  success  in  his  particular 
sphere  and  is  due  to  his  characteristic  en- 
ergy, pluck  and  business  management.  He 
started  in  life  with  no  other  capital  than  a 
good  education  obtained  in  the  Carlisle 
public  schools  from  which  latter  he  was 
graduated  in  1875.  Shortly  after  this  date 
he  indentured  himself  to  learn  the  printing 
trade  in  the  Herald  Publishing  office  of 
Carlisle,  and  six  months  after  finishing  his 
apprenticeship  he  began  an  independent 
career  in  the  general  merchandising  busi- 
ness at  Boiling  Springs  as  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  D.  B.  Shelley  &  Company.  This 
connection  he  maintained  for  a  period  of 
three  years  when  he  returned  to  Carlisle 
and  opened  a  dry  goods  store  in  his  father's 
building  on  North  Hanover  street  where 
he  remained  in  business  until  1887.  This 
year  Mr.  Plank  purchased  the  residence  on 
South  Hanover  street,  formerly  owned  and 
occupied  by  ex-Judge  Graham,  deceased, 
and  made  extensive  additions  and  altera- 
tions. What  is  now  known  as  the  Plank 
building  was  then  erected  and  since  i88g 
constant  enlargements  have  been  made  to 
meet  the  growing  exigencies  of  business 
expansion.  The  present  building  occupied 
by  his  various  interests  has  a  frontage  of 
sixty  feet  and  depth  of  one  hundred  and 
sixty  feet.  From  very  modest  beginnings 
his  business  has  rapidly  gained  both  in  im- 
portance and  volume  until  it  now  covers 
every  important  branch  of  the  dry  goods 
and  notion  trade.       Mr.  Plank  carries  a 


352 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


stock  of  from  $50,000  to  $75,000  and  the 
gross  sales  aggregate  about  $100,000  an- 
nually. In  1893,  in  addition  to  his  mer- 
chandising business,  Mr.  Plank  organized 
the  John  W.  Plank  Wrapper  Company, 
Lt'd,  a  substantial  and  progressive  concern 
devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  wrappers 
and  other  standard  articles  of  raiment  for 
women  and  children.  From  the  very  be- 
ginning the  enterprise  gave  emphatic  signs 
of  success  and  under  its  skillful  manage- 
ment it  now  stands  among  the  first  indus- 
tries of  Carlisle.  In  1896  it  became  a  lim- 
ited stock  company,  with  John  W.  Plank  as 
president  and  directing  head. 

Mr.  Plank's  business  success  has  been 
little  short  of  phenomenal.  Starting  in 
1883  with  a  borrowed  capital  of  $3,000,  he 
has  risen  step  by  step  through  inherent  en- 
ergy and  perseverance  to  his  present  posi- 
tion of  prominence  among  the  business 
men  and  interests  of  his  native  county.  He 
is  a  man  thoroughly  awake  to  the  demands 
of  the  times  and  has  seized  with  wonderful 
alacrity  upon  such  modernized  methods  as 
seemed  to  him  most  likely  to  result  in  a 
proper  expansion  of  his  business  interests 
and  at  the  same  time  give  additional  zest 
and  stability  to  the  community  with  which 
he  has  identified  himself.  His  general  fa- 
cilities, courteous  demeanor,  quality  of  mer- 
chandize and  fairness  of  dealing  have  com- 
manded John  W.  Plank  to  the  public  in  an 
unusual  degree.  In  his  religious  afifilia- 
tions  he  is  a  member  and  oflficer  of  the 
Lutheran  church  and  in  politics  a  votary  of 
the  Republican  party. 

On  February  12,  1885,  Mr.  Plank  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Annie  M.  Miller, 
daughter  of  David  Miller,  deceased,  of  Me- 
chanicsburg.  Pa.  To  this  marriage  union 
two  children  have  been  born:  Benjamin 
Leroy  and  John  Forney,  aged  10  and  3 
years  respectively. 


DR.  ELBRIDGE  H.  GERRY,  a  phy- 
sician, of  Shrewsbury,  York  countv 
Pennsylvania,  is  a  native  of  that  borough, 
and  was  born  October  18,  1836,  a  son  of 
James  and  Salome  (Hoxman)  Gerry.  He  is 
of  Scotch  origin.  His  grandfather,  James 
was  a  citizen  of  Cecil  county,  Maryland, 
and  a  native  of  Scotland.  He  was  a  farmer 
but  took  great  interest  in  the  public  affairs 
of  his  State,  serving  at  one  time  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  House  of  Delegates. 

The  father  of  our  subject  was  born  in 
Maryland  in  1796,  was  educated  at  West 
Nottingham  Academy  and  was  principal  for 
three  years,  studied  medicine  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland  and  afterward  located  in 
Shrewsbury,  where  he  spent  the  remainder 
of  his  life,  having  practiced  medicine  for 
over  fifty  years.  He  was  prominent  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  and  in  the  pol- 
itics of  his  State  and  county,  and  a  member 
in  national.  State  and  county  conventions, 
serving  two  years  in  Congress  to  which  he 
was  first  elected  in  1838.  His  children 
were:  Lydia  Ann,  Mary,  E.  H.,  James 
and  Susannah.  He  died  in  1873,  thirty-one 
years  after  the  death  of  his  wife. 

Our  subject  secured  his  earlier  education 
in  the  public  school  of  Shrewsbury  and  at 
the  town  academy.  Afterward  he  attended 
Dickinson  College,  at  Carlisle,  Pa.,  where 
he  graduated  in  the  class  of  '61.  He  then 
taught  school  for  three  years  and  entered 
upon  the  study  of  medicine  which  he  fur- 
ther pursued  at  the  University  of  Mary- 
land, graduating  in  1867.  He  was  associa- 
ted with  his  father  in  practice  at  Shrews- 
bury until  1870  and  then  with  his  brother 
James  until  1888,  when  the  partnership 
was  dissolved  and  the  doctor  continued  to 
practice  alone.  He  has  a  large  and  lucra- 
tive clientele  in  the  town  and  in  the  ad- 
joining country  and  has  the  reputation  of 
being  a  skilled  physician  and  surgeon.  The 
doctor  is  a  very  active  Democrat  and  has 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


353 


attended  many  county  and  State  conven- 
tions as  a  delegate,  was  also  a  member  of 
the  State  Central  Committee  and  served  in 
most  of  the  borough  offices,  and  as  director 
of  the  Shrewsbury  Saving  Institution. 

He  is  an  active  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church  having  served  as  lay 
delegate,  S.  S.  superintendent,  class  leader, 
steward  and  trustee  and  is  also  a  member 
of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  being  connected 
with  Shrewsbury  Lodge,  and  York  Com- 
mandery.  Knights  Templar. 

In  1868  he  married  Anna,  daughter  of 
Ezekiel  and  Sarah  (Mitchell)  Scarborough, 
of  Baltimore.  She  died  in  February,  1871, 
and  in  1873  the  doctor  married  his  second 
wife,  who  was  Arabella,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam and  Mary  (Beck)  McAbee,  of  Shrews- 
bury. They  had  four  children:  Elbridge 
B.,  in  the  revenue  service  at  Lancaster; 
James  J.;  William,  deceased;  and  David  M. 

LEWIS  K.  STUBBS.  Thomas  Stubbs 
emigrated  from  England  to  Amer- 
ica 1718.  Mary  Minor  came  from  Ireland 
about  the  same  time,  a  descendant,  how- 
ever, of  English  parents.  Both  were  sin- 
gle, but  in  1720  they  were  married  in 
Chester  county.  Both  were  Friends.  Their 
children  numbered  nine:  Daniel,  Esther, 
Thomas,  John,  Joseph,  Mary,  Elizabeth, 
Sarah  and  Ann.  Of  these  children,  Daniel 
was  the  lineal  ancestor  and  great-great- 
grandfather of  L.  K.  Stubbs.  His  son 
Vincent  was  a  native  of  Chester  county 
where  he  was  born  March  17,  1753,  and 
died  May  12,  1821.  He  was  a  farmer  by 
occupation  and  in  his  time  was  greatly  de- 
voted to  the  chase.  His  habits  were  rigid- 
ly temperate.  He  never  visited  a  tavern, 
nor  would  he  permit  his  sons  to  do  so.  He 
married  Priscilla  Cooper,  a  daughter  of 
John  and  Hannah  (Wheeler)  Cooper,  and 
had  a  son  also  named  Vincent,  who  was 
the  grandfather  of  our  subject.     He  was 


born  March  6,  1797.  He  died  April  8,  1875. 
This  ancestor  married  Mary  England 
Haines,  of  Cecil  county,  Maryland,  July  14, 
1802.  This  lady  was  the  daughter  of  Jos- 
eph and  Rebecca  Haines.  The  family 
lived  during  the  greater  part  of  the  father's 
life  in  Lancaster  county,  where  they  car- 
ried on  farming.  Vincent  Stubbs  was  a 
Whig  in  politics.  He  had  ten  children: 
Joseph  H.,  Rebecca,  Thomas,  Elizabeth, 
Verlinda,  Hannah,  Sophia,  Priscilla,  Mary, 
and  a  son  who  died  in  infancy. 

L.  K.  Stubbs,  our  subject,  is  the  son  of 
Thomas  and  Mary  (Brinton)  Stubbs.  Tho- 
mas Stubbs,  his  father,  was  born  in  Lancas- 
ter county,  July  14,  1826,  and  died  April  3, 
1896.  The  homestead  where  he  was  born 
was  occupied  by  the  family  over  150  years 
and  with  the  advent  of  Thomas  into  the 
world  the  house  in  which  he  was  born  saw 
the  birth  of  the  third  generation  within  its 
walls.  The  elder  Stubbs  remained  a  far- 
mer all  his  life.  He  was  an  active  Republi- 
can and  took  a  prominent  part  in  local  pol- 
itics. 

His  religion  was  that  of  the  great 
founder  of  the  commonwealth,  as  that  of 
his  father  before  him  had  been.  He  mar- 
ried Isabella  Scott  and  had  no  issue.  His 
second  wife  was  Mary  Brinton,  by  whom 
he  had  two  children,  twins:  Our  subject 
and  Slater  Russell,  who  lives  in  Millville, 
New  Jersey,  and  is  a  supervisor  on  the 
West  Jersey  railroad.  Lewis  was  sent  to 
the  public  schools  where  he  obtained  his 
preliminary  education,  and  afterward  to  the 
West  Chester  State  Normal  School.  Leav- 
ing that  institution  he  engaged  in  banking 
at  Oxford,  being  employed  as  teller  in  the 
Farmers'  National  bank  for  five  years.  In 
January,  1890,  he  came  to  Delta,  and  hav- 
ing helped  to  organize  the  First  National 
bank  there  in  1889,  he  became  its  cashier. 
January  i,  1890,  the  institution  opened  for 
business   with   a   capital   of  $50,000.     Mr. 


354 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Stubbs  is  also  identified  with  the  civic  in- 
terests of  Delta.  He  is  a  town  covmcilman, 
treasurer  of  the  borough,  secretary  of  the 
board  of  trade,  director  of  the  Delta  Elec- 
tric Light  company,  president  of  Delta  Tel- 
ephone company  and  director  and  treasurer 
of  the  Delta  building  and  loan  association. 
Mr.  Stubbs  has  been  honored  in  public  ot- 
fice  more  because  of  his  fitness  and  integ- 
rity than  for  any  other  reason.  Neverthe- 
less he  has  always  been  elected  as  a  Re- 
publican. He  has  always  clung  to  the  re- 
ligion of  his  fathers  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  Friends.  In  September,  1890, 
he  was  married  to  Sophia  Duffield  Hodg- 
son, daughter  of  Mark  A.  and  Margaretta 
(Cann)  Hodgson,  of  Oxford,  Chester 
county.  They  have  one  child,  Margaret 
Elizabeth  born  1893.  Mr.  Stubbs  is  rec- 
ognized throughout  the  whole  lower  End 
of  York  county  as  a  shrewd  business  man. 
He  has  inherited  those  excellent  traits  of 
character  which  made  the  Quaker  people, 
despite  their  austere  religion,  a  liberal 
minded,  industrious  and  thrifty  class  of  citi- 
zens, law-abiding,  intelligent  and  philan- 
thropic. 

WILLIAM  B.  McILHENNY,  deputy 
sherifif  of  Adams  county,  is  a  son 
of  Jacob  G.  and  Sarah  A.  (Lott)  Mcllhen- 
ny,  and  was  born  at  Knoxlyn  Mills,  Adams 
county,  March  nth,  i860.  He  is  of 
Scotch-Irish  origin.  His  paternal  grand- 
father, Hugh  McIIhenny,  married  Ann 
Taughinbaugh,  followed  milling  and  farm- 
ing and  reared  eight  children,  of  whom 
Jacob  G.  McIIhenny  was  the  second.  In 
politics  Mr.  McIIhenny  was  a  Whig  and 
later  a  Republican.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Great  Conewago  Presbyterian  church, 
which  he  served  as  elder  up  to  the  end  of 
his  life.  He  died  at  the  age  of  ninety-one 
at  Gettysburg.  His  children  were:  John 
T.,    Jacob    I.,    Robert,    William    A.,    Mrs. 


Martha  Majors,  Mrs.  Margaret  Knox,  Rosa 
and  Rebecca. 

Jacob  G.  McIIhenny  was  born  February 
19,  1830,  and  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  ed- 
ucated in  the  common  schools.  He  learned 
milling  under  his  father  and  for  twenty 
years  followed  that  occupation.  During 
his  later  years,  up  to  the  time  of  his  death 
in  1895,  he  devoted  most  of  his  time  to  cul- 
tivating a  large  farm  located  near  Hun- 
terstown  which  he  had  acquired  by  his  own 
exertions.  He  was  active  in  church  mat- 
ters, served  his  township  as  school  direc- 
tor for  a  number  of  years,  and  was  elected 
County  Commissioner  1881,  and  served 
three  years.  Mr.  McIIhenny  was  united 
in  marriage  in  1854  with  Sarah  A.,  a 
daughter  of  Henry  Lott.  Mrs.  Mcllhen- 
ny's  paternal  and  maternal  ancestors  orig- 
inated in  Holland  and  were  early  settlers  in 
Adams  county.  Prior  to  her  marriage  she 
taught  school  very  successfully  in  Adams 
county  for  several  terms.  To  that  union 
were  born  seven  children:  Henrj'  Lott, 
now  a  practicing  physician  in  the  State  of 
Kansas;  William  B.,  our  subject;  Jacob 
Harrison,  now  located  in  Chicago;  Robert 
Alexander,  now  a  physician  in  Kansas; 
John  King,  who  lives  at  Hagerstown 
Maryland;  Rebecca,  deceased;  and  James 
Gray,  a  student  at  Pennsylvania  College. 
Mrs.  McIIhenny  died  in  1893 ;  her  husband 
survived  her  until  August,  1895. 

William  B.  McIIhenny  was  reared  on  his 
father's  farm  and  acquired  his  education  in 
the  common  schools.  He  then  farmed  in 
Straban  township  until  1881,  when  he  went 
to  Kansas  and  worked  on  a  farm  for  one 
season.  Then  he  entered  the  Studebaker 
wagon  works  at  South  Bend,  Indiana,  and 
worked  there  for  one  year  and  a  half.  He 
then  returned  to  Adams  county  and 
worked  on  the  farm  of  his  father  until  1887, 
when  through  his  identification  with  poli- 
tics, he  received  the  appointment  of  deputy 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


355 


sheriff.  This  position  he  held  for  six  years, 
when  he  himself  became  the  candidate,  and 
was  elected  high  sheriff  of  the  county  in 
1893.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
three  years.  Sheriff  Miller,  his  successor  re- 
appointed him  deputy,  and  he  still  retains 
that  position.  Mr.  Mcllhenny  is  a  Repub- 
lican in  politics,  and  has  been  secretary  of 
the  county  committee  for  a  number  of 
years,  and  has  been  in  the  forefront  of  every 
political  battle  in  the  county  for  the  past 
ten  years.  He  owns  and  operates  suc- 
cessfully two  large  farms  (460  acres 
in  Straban  township).  Mr.  Mcllhenny 
is  a  Republican  in  politics.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity  and  of  the 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows.  He  is 
a  director  and  was  active  in  the  organization 
of  the  Adams  county  telephone  company, 
and  takes  a  praiseworthy  interest  in  the  de- 
velopment and  growth  of  every  interest  of 
the  town  of  Gettysburg.  He  is  very  popu- 
lar and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  best  citi- 
zens of  Adams  county.  Mr.  Mcllhenny  is 
unmarried.  He  was  a  delegate  to  State 
convention  i8q6. 


DR.  JOHN  W.  BOWMAN,  comes  of 
worthy  German  ancestry.  He  is  the 
son  of  Samuel  and  Susan  (Koons)  Bowman 
and  was  born  in  Wormleysburg,  Cumber- 
land county.  Pa.,  December  20th,  1846. 
The  family  in  the  time  of  the  subject's 
grandfather  were  located  in  Lancaster 
county  at  Ephrata  and  Christian  Bowman 
was  born  and  reared  there.  He  was  mar- 
ried to  Mary  Mohler,  daughter  of  John 
Mohler,  of  the  same  place.  They  moved  to 
Cumberland  county  near  Boiling  Springs, 
where  they  engaged  in  farming,  and  for  a 
time  were  engaged  in  the  grain  and  flour 
business.  About  1827  he  bought  a  farm 
in  East  Pennsboro  township,  Cumberland 
county,  where  he  was  engaged  in  farming 


until  1841,  when  he  sold  his  farm  and 
bought  another  near  Harrisburg  on  the 
Jonestown  road,  where  he  lived  until  1856, 
when  he  sold  this  farm  and  moved  to  Miami 
county,  Indiana,  where  he  lived  until  the 
time  of  his  death  which  occurred  at  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  92  years.  He  had  3  sons 
and  2  daughters  all  of  which  grew  to  ma- 
turity. Mollie,  was  married  to  John  Lon- 
genecker.  They  were  engaged  in  farming 
in  East  Pennsboro  township,  Cumberland 
county,  Pa.,  until  1856  when  they  removed 
to  Randolph  county,  Indiana,  where  she 
died  at  the  advanced  age  of  80  years.  John 
married  Katie  Longenecker,  but  died  at  the 
age  of  29  years,  leaving  a  widow  and  3  sons. 
Samuel,  father  of  our  subject;  Annie  mar- 
ried Rev.  Daniel  Balsbaugh.  They  resided 
in  East  Pennsboro  township,  Cumberland 
county  until  1856,  when  they  removed  to 
Miami  county,  Indiana,  where  Mr.  Bals- 
baugh became  a  noted  preacher  in  the  Ger- 
man Baptist  church.  Christian  Bowman 
married  Susan  Brightbill,  daughter  of 
Henry  Brightbill.  They  are  living  near 
Harrisburg,  Dauphin  county.  Pa.,  where 
they  own  a  fine  farm,  and  for  several  years 
he  was  steward  at  the  Dauphin  county 
home. 

Samuel  Bowman  was  born  near  Boil- 
ing Springs  in  Cumberland  county,  on  the 
13th  of  May,  1820.  He  was  reared  on  the 
farm  and  learned  the  trade  of  cooper,  which 
he  followed  for  six  years,  when  he  engaged 
in  farming  in  East  Pennsboro  township, 
where  he  still  lives.  He  has  always  been  an 
ardent  Republican.  He  married  Susan 
Koons,  daughter  of  Jacob  Koons,  a  native 
of  East  Pennsboro  township,  and  a  son  of 
George  Kuntz,  who  came  to  America  from 
Baden,  Germany,  in  the  year  1764.  The 
elder  Kuntz  married  a  daughter  of  Daniel 
Snyder,  a  niece  of  Governor  Snyder. 
Samuel  and  Susan  Bowman  had  five 
sons     and     three     daughters:     John     W., 


356 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


our  subject;  Mary,  died  in  childhood;  Su- 
san, wife  of  David  Mumma,  a  farmer  in 
Hampden  township;  Jacob,  who  died  in 
infancy;  Samuel,  a  farmer  of  Cross,  Okla- 
homa; George,  Katie  and  Christian,  all  three 
at  home  yet. 

Our  subject  was  reared  on  the  farm  and 
educated  in  the  public  schools,  and  at  White 
Hall  Academy.  In  1869  he  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  business.  In  1873,  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr.  J.  D.  Bow- 
man and  J.  T.  Criswell  as  his  preceptors. 
In  1875  he  entered  Jefferson  Medical  Col- 
lege, graduating  in  1877,  when  he  immed- 
iately located  at  Hogestown,  Cumberland 
county.  Pa.,  where  he  succeeded  the  late 
Dr.  Joseph  Crain  and  succeeded  in  build- 
ing up  a  large  practice.  He  remained 
here  until  April  1st,  1 88 1,  when  he  moved 
to  Camp  Hill  where  he  enjoyed  a  large 
practice  for  12  years,  8  of  which  he  was 
physician  to  the  White  Hall  soldier's  or- 
phan school.  April  ist,  1893,  he  moved 
into  his  present  home  in  Riverton.  Dr. 
Bowman  is  physcian  to  the  Northern  Cen- 
tral railroad.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Cumberland  county  Medical  Society 
since  1878,  and  in  1896  was  its  president. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  State  and  of 
the  American  Medical  Associations;  of  Eu- 
reka Lodge,  No.  302  Free  and  Accepted 
Masons  of  Mechanicsburg,  Pa. ;  and  an  el- 
der in  the  Christian  church  at  Riverton 
and  an  active  Sunday  school  worker.  At 
present  he  has  a  large  and  lucrative  prac- 
tice. 

June  28th,  1871,  he  married  Annetta  Oy- 
ster, daughter  of  the  late  George  Oyster,  of 
Camp  Hill,  Pa.  They  have  two  children: 
David  G.  Bowman,  a  druggist,  but  at  pres- 
ent a  motorman  on  Harrisburg  and  Me- 
chanicsburg electric  railway.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  the  firm  manufacturing  wall 
plaster  at  Riverton.  He  married  Mary, 
youngest  daughter  of  Dr.  A.  W.  Nichols. 


William  C.  Bowman,  a  graduate  of  Ship- 
pensburg  Normal  School,  is  Principal  of 
the  Riverton  schools  and  is  also  engaged 
in  the  insurance  business. 

MAJOR  WILLIAM  M.  ROBBINS. 
the  southern  member  of  the  Get- 
tysburg National  Park  Commission,  is  a 
native  of  Randolph  county,  North  Caro- 
lina, and  was  born  October  26,  1838,  the 
son  of  Ahi  and  Mary  (Brown)  Robbms. 
He  is  of  English  and  Irish  ancestry,  with 
a  strain  of  French  Huguenot.  His  pater- 
nal grandfather,  Joseph  Robbins,  was  a 
prominent  planter  of  Randolph  county. 
North  Carolina,  in  ante-bellum  days.  He 
was  the  father  of  five  sons  and  five  daugh- 
ters. 

Ahi  Robbins,  the  father  of  our  subject, 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  State  and  became  one  of  the  wealthy 
planters  of  North  Carolina.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
and  always  manifested  an  active  and  com- 
mendable interest  in  religious  matters. 
Mr.  Robbins  married  Mary  Brown,  a  union 
which  resulted  in  the  birth  of  six  sons  and 
three  daughters.  The  sons  were:  William, 
Julius,  James,  Frank,  Madison  and  Ros- 
well,  all  of  whom,  except  William  and 
Frank  were  killed  in  battle  in  the  civil  war. 
Mr.  Robbins  died  in  June,  1886,  at  the  age 
of  eighty-eight  years. 

Major  Robbins  received  his  primary  ed- 
ucation in  North  Carolina,  and  in  1857 
graduated  from  Randolph-Macon  College 
in  Virginia,  with  first  honors.  He  then 
read  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  the 
State  of  Alabama,  where  he  practiced  until 
the  outbreak  of  the  war,  when  he  enlisted 
as  a  private  soldier  in  the  4th  Alabama  in- 
fantry and  served  throughout  the  war.  His 
gallant  service  in  behalf  of  the  lost  cause 
won  him  promotion  and  at  the  close  of  the 
war  he  retired  with  the  rank  of  Major.     In 


REV.  ANDREW  N.  HAGERTY. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


357 


several  of  the  battles  in  which  he  partici- 
pated he  was  slightly  wounded  and  at  the 
Battle  of  the  Wilderness,  May  6,  1864,  he 
suffered  a  severe  and  serious  wound.  The 
record  of  his  battles  is  a  long  and  honora- 
ble one  and  proves  him  to  have  been  a 
brave  and  valorous  son  of  the  South.  The 
war  over,  he  settled  in  North  Carolina,  his 
native  State,  and  took  up  the  practice  of 
his  profession  at  Salisbury.  In  1868, 
against  his  wishes,  he  was  drawn  into  pol- 
itics and  elected  to  the  State  Senate  of 
North  Carolina,  where  he  served  four 
years.  The  four  years'  service  in  the 
State  Senate  represented  two  terms.  In 
1873  he  was  elected  to  the  National  House 
of  Representatives  and  served  three  suc- 
cessive terms,  from  1873  to  1879.  In  the 
latter  year  he  retired  and  resumed  the  prac- 
•tice  of  his  profession  at  Statesville,  North 
Carolina,  which  is  now  his  home.  In 
March,  1894,  Secretary  of  War  Lamont, 
without  Major  Robbins'  knowledge,  ap- 
pointed him  one  of  the  Gettsyburg  Battle- 
field Commissioners  and  since  that  time  he 
has  spent  most  of  his  time  at  Gettysburg, 
where,  incidental  to  his  duties  and  resi- 
dence, he  has  made  many  warm  friends. 

Major  Robbins  has  been  twice  married. 
He  has  five  living  children,  of  whom  his 
only  son  Frank  Lee  Robbins  after  his  ed- 
ucation had  been  completed,  was  pur- 
suaded  by  his  father  to  acquire  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  business  of  cotton  manufac- 
turing, for  which  Major  Robbins  saw 
there  was  a  large  and  profitable  field  in  the 
South.  The  son  followed  his  advise  and 
started  as  a  laborer  in  the  lapper  room. 
From  that  department  he  worked  his  way 
up  until  every  detail  of  cotton  manufac- 
turing was  familiar  to  him.  At  present 
he  is  superintendent  of  one  of  the  largest 
cotton  spinning  establishments  in  North 
Carolina,  receives  a  handsome  salary  and 


is  known  all  over  the  State  as  a  successful 
and  clever  young  business  man. 

REV.  GERNY  WEBER,  A.  M.,  pas- 
tor of  the  Glen  Rock  charge  of  the 
Reformed  church,  is  a  son  of  Joseph  Karl 
and  Rebecca  (Hockman)  Weber,  and  was 
born  at  Rebersburg,  Center  county,  Pa., 
September  14,  1868.  He  is  descended 
from  a  German  ancestry.  Joseph,  the 
father  of  our  subject,  was  born  at  Rebers- 
burg, January  7,  1822.  He  received  a 
common  school  education,  and  besides  en- 
gaging in  farming  followed  wagon  making 
and  the  manufacturing  of  farming  imple- 
ments. In  politics  he  was  a  Democrat, 
but  held  no  public  positions  beyond  those 
of  clerk  and  tax  collector.  He  died  Sep- 
tember 14,  1891,  a  deservedly  esteemed 
and  worthy  citizen,  and  a  consistent  Chris- 
tian, having  outlived  his  wife  over  twenty 
years. 

Our  subject  secured  his  rudimentary 
education  in  the  public  schools  and  in  a 
private  academy  at  Rebersburg.  He  ob- 
tained his  college  training  in  Franklin  and 
Marshall  College  and  graduated  in  the 
class  of  '92.  Having  taken  this  course 
with  a  view  of  entering  the  ministry  in  the 
Reformed  Church,  he  at  once  entered  the 
Theological  Seminary  of  the  Reformed 
Church  located  at  Lancaster,  and  gradu- 
ated three  years  later  in  the  class  of  '95. 
This  same  year  the  trustees  of  the  Collegv' 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Master 
of  Arts. 

June  15,  1895,  he  was  called  to  the  pas- 
torate of  the  Glen  Rock  charge,  and  has 
been  there  since. 

REV.  ANDREW  NEEDY  HAG- 
ERTY,  pastor  of  the  First  Presby- 
terian church,  Carlisle,  Pa.,  is  an  earnest 
and  successful  minister,  of  ability  and 
thorough  education.       He  is  a  son  of  Wil- 


358 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


liam  A.  and  Mary  Ann  (Herron)  Hagerty, 
and  was  born  near  West  MRldletown, 
Washington  county,  Pa.,  March  27th, 
1852. 

His  father  and  grandfather  Hagerty 
were  members  of  the  old  Seceder  church 
of  Mount  Hope,  his  grandfather  being  an 
elder  in  that  church  for  over  forty  years, 
and  his  father  having  organized  the  first 
Sabbath  school  ever  held  in  it.  He  was 
superintendent  for  nineteen  years. 

Mary  Ann  Herron  was  the  daughter  of 
Capt.  Andrew  Herron,  of  Buffalo  village, 
Washington  county.  Pa.  He  was  for  many 
years  a  ruling  elder  in  the  Presbyterian 
church  of  Buffalo.  He  was  a  cousin  of 
the  Rev.  Francis  Herron,  D.  D.,  who  was 
one  of  the  most  prominent  figures  in  the 
early  history  of  Presbyterianism  of  West- 
ern Pennsylvania.  He  was  pastor  of  the 
First  Church  of  Pittsburg  for  about  forty 
years,  and  it  is  to  him  more  than  to  an\ 
other  man  that  the  Western  Theological 
Seminary  of  Allegheny  owes  its  existence. 
Wm.  A.  Hagerty  and  Mary  Ann  Herron 
were  married  March  21st,  1848,  and  to 
them  were  born  Thomas  A.,  Andrew  N., 
Rankin  J.  R.,  Elizabeth  A.,  Mary  S.,  and 
Wm.  H.,  all  of  whom  are  living. 

Andrew  Neely  Hagerty,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  was  the  second  son.  He  made 
public  profession  of  his  faith  in  Christ  at 
the  age  of  sixteen,  uniting  with  the  United 
Presbyterian  Church  of  West  Alexander, 
Penna.,  near  which  town  the  family  had 
moved  in  1868.  At  the  age  of  seventeen 
he  became  convinced  that  his  life's  work 
must  be  in  the  ministry.  He  was  in  no 
hurry,  however,  but  taking  Jesus  as  the 
Supreme  example  in  this  as  in  every  line 
of  life,  deliberately  planned  that  he  should 
not  enter  the  active  duties  of  his  life's 
work  before  he  "began  to  be  about  thirty 
years  of  age."  He  remained  on  the  farm, 
helping  his  father,  until  in  his  21st  year. 


In  the  autumn  of  this  year,  1873,  he  en- 
tered the  academy  at  West  Alexander,  an 
mstitution  of  the  old  school,  from  whose 
limited  dimensions  have  gone  many  men 
whose  names  have  become  famous  and 
whose  lives  have  blessed  the  world. 

The  school  had  for  its  head  Prof.  John 
Cross  Frazier,  a  most  excellent  instructor, 
who   devotedly   loved    a    diligent    student, 
but  as  religiously  hated  a  lazy  one.       The 
fact  that  the  young  student  was  a  peculiar 
favorite  with  his   instructor,  indicates   the 
character  of  his  first  year  of  study.       The 
next  two  winters  he  taught  in  the  public 
schools  in  the  vicinity  of  his  home,  studied 
and  recited  in  the  evenings  and  helped  on 
the  farm  in  the  summer.       In  the  spring  of 
187s  he  went  to  Waterford,  Erie  county. 
Pa.,  to  become  the  assistant  to  his  brother 
Thomas,  who  was  the  head  of  the  academy 
at    that    place.       Here    he    completed    his 
preparation    for    college    in    addition    to 
teaching  the  mathematics  of  the  academy. 
In  1877  he  entered  the  Freshman  year  in 
Lafayette  College,  at  Easton,  Pa.,  and  was 
graduated  from  it  in  the  classical   course 
in    1881.       He    entered    the    Theological 
Seminary     of     the     United     Presbyterian 
church  in  Allegheny  in  the  fall  of  the  same 
year,  graduating  on  March  27th,  1884,  his 
thirty-second  birthday,   thus   carrying  out 
his  purpose  formed  when  he  chose  his  pro- 
fession.      Mr.  Hagerty's  education  having 
been   completed,  he   was   licensed   by  the 
Presbytery  of  Chartiers,  in  the  Mt.  Pros- 
pect   United    Presbyterian    church,    April 
8th,  1884.       The  field  chosen  for  the  first 
years  of  his  ministry  was  the  West.       Ac- 
cordingly   he    received    appointments    by 
the  Committee  of  Missions,  for  the  year 
following,   in   Illinois,    Kansas   and   Iowa. 
His  first  preaching  was  in  the  church  at 
Hanover,  Jo   Daviess  county,   during  the 
month    of    September.       From    there    he 
went  to  Olathe,  Kansas,  preaching  there 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


359 


on  the  first  Sabbath  of  October.  A  few 
weeks  later  the  congregation  gave  him  a 
unanimous  call  to  become  their  pastor, 
which  was  accepted,  and  on  the  19th  of 
January,  1885,  he  was  ordained  and  in- 
stalled pastor  of  the  church.  This  con- 
gregation had  for  a  number  of  years  been 
the  victim  of  bitter  internal  dissensions, 
which  had  greatly  weakened  it.  They 
however,  rallied  around  their  new  pastor 
with  enthusiasm,  and  during  the  short 
pastorate  of  a  little  less  than  three  years, 
a  handsome  new  church  was  built,  and  the 
membership  more  than  doubled. 

In  July,  1887,  Mr.  Hagerty  was  asked 
by  the  Board  of  Home  Missions  to  take 
charge  of  a  new  mission  in  Castroville, 
California,  which  he  accepted  and  entered 
upon  the  work  in  September.  His  people 
were  strongly  opposed  to  his  leaving 
them,  unanimously  refusing  to  accept  his 
resignation  when  first  ofifered.  Mr.  Ha- 
gerty remained  less  than  one  year  in  this 
charge,  but  during  that  time  a  small  con- 
gregation was  organized  from  the  Scotch 
Canadians  who  occupied  the  farms  of  the 
valley,  the  people  of  the  town  being  almost 
wbolly  Roman  Catholics.  This  was  the 
first  Protestant  church  of  the  town. 

In  May,  1888,  Mr.  Hagerty  was  called 
to  become  the  missionary  pastor  of  the 
Second  United  Presbyterian  church  of 
Kansas  City,  Mo.,  which  he  accepted.  This 
was  a  new  organization,  he  being  the  first 
minister.  They  were  about  twenty-five 
members  strong,  worshipping  in  a  dance 
hall  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city.  The 
people  were  enthusiastic  and  united  and 
went  to  work  earnestly  with  their  mission- 
ary. He  remained  with  them  until  July, 
1891,  during  which  time  a  handsome 
chapel  was  built  at  a  cost  of  about  $10,000, 
and  the  membership  grew  to  125. 

For  some  years  Mr.  Hagerty  had  been 
weighing  the  matter  of  passing  from  the 


United  Presbyterian  Church  into  the 
larger  and  more  liberal  body  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church.  This  purpose  he  car- 
ried out,  by  placing  his  letter  of  ministerial 
standing  with  the  Presbytery  of  Pittsburg, 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  at  a  meeting 
held  by  that  Presbytery  in  the  Mt.  Wash- 
ington church,  October  6th,  1891.  After 
spending  some  months  in  visiting  relatives 
in  his  native  county,  in  February,  1892,  he 
with  his  wife,  made  a  visit  to  Philadelphia, 
intending  only  a  stay  of  two  or  three 
weeks,  then  expected  to  return  to  the  west, 
for  settlement,  where  he  had  some  open- 
ings in  view;  but  being  invited  to  supply  a 
number  of  prominent  pulpits  of  Philadel- 
phia, during  the  summer,  and  not  having 
any  positive  calls  elsewhere,  he  remained 
until  November  ist,  when  he  was  asked  to 
supply  the  church  at  Hagerstown,  Md., 
during  the  winter.  On  January  22nd 
and  29th  he  preached  in  the  First  Presby- 
terian church,  of  Carlisle,  Pa.,  and  on  the 
22nd  of  February  a  hearty  and  unanimous 
call  was  extended,  which  he  accepted.  The 
church  at  Hagerstown  also  extended  hiin 
a  call  which  he  declined.  Mr.  Hagerty 
entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  pastorate  in 
Carlisle  on  the  i6th  of  March,  preaching 
his  first  sermon  on  the  19th.  He  was  in- 
stalled by  the  Presbytery  of  Carlisle  on  the 
27th  of  April  following.  During  the 
almost  five  years  of  his  present  pastorate 
there  has  been  a  steady,  healthy  growth  in 
every  line  of  the  church's  work. 

The  First  Church  of  Carlisle  is  one  of 
the  oldest  as  well  as  one  of  the  most  inter- 
esting and  important  of  the  churches  in 
this  section  of  the  country.  It  has  always 
been  strong  both  in  the  number  and  char- 
acter of  its  membership,  which  strength  is 
still  retained,  while  some  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished clergymen  of  the  Presbyterian 
church  have  been  its  pastors,  such  as  Dr. 
Nisbet,  two  Duffields,  and  Dr.  Wing.  The 


360 


Biographical  ant»  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


fine  fortress-like  stone  building,  now  about 
140  years  old,  stands  as  silent  witness  to 
the  strong  character  of  the  men  who  laid 
the  foundations  of  Presbyterianism  in  the 
beautiful  valley  of  Cumberland.  Built 
before  our  country's  natal  day,  it  was  the 
rallying  point  for  the  men  who  pledged 
their  lives  and  fortunes  for  that  liberty 
which  has  become  our  precious  heritage. 
Well  may  it  be  called  "Mizpah."  For  to 
its  sacred  walls  were  whispered  vows  of 
deadly  earnestness  in  ferved  piety,  and  it 
stands  as  the  watch  tower  of  the  Fathers 
over  the  faithfulness  of  the  children. 

On  December  7th,  1876,  Mr.  Hagerty 
married  Sarah  Jane  Smith,  the  daughter 
of  Wm.  Smith,  a  prominent  farmer  and  citi- 
zen of  Washington  county  and  an  elder  for 
many  years  in  the  Pigeon  Creek  Presby- 
terian church.  She  had  received  her  ed- 
ucation in  the  Washington  Seminary,  and 
was  in  full  sympathy  with  her  husband's 
purposes  of  entering  the  ministry.  Coming 
of  Godly  parentage  and  ancestry  that  for 
generations  had  been  devoted  to  the 
church,  she  was  eminently  qualified  for  the 
important  place  she  was  called  to  occupy. 
Through  all  the  years  of  preparation  and 
subsequent  labor  she  has  proven  herself 
worthy  of  the  call  into  the  ministry  with 
her  husband. 

Mr.  Hagerty  has  been  twice  a  commis- 
sioner to  the  General  Assembly  of  the 
United  Presbyterian  Church,  and  an  equal 
number  of  times  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  Missions  of  the  same  church.  He 
has  been  one  of  the  Executive  Council  of 
the  Brotherhood  of  Andrew  and  Philip  of 
the  Presbyterian  church  since  its  organiza- 
tion in  1893.  He  is  a  clear  and  logical 
thinker  and  writer,  a  forcible  speaker,  us- 
ing no  manuscript  in  the  pulpit,and  perfect- 
ly frank,  as  well  as  fearless  in  the  treatment 
of  all  subjects  that  he  discusses  in  his  ser- 
mons. He  has  won  the  respect  and  esteem 


of  all  who  know  him,  and  lives  in  his  work 
to  which  he  is  entirely  devoted. 

MAJOR  CALVIN  GILBERT,  a  pro- 
minent foundry  and  machine  man 
of  Gettysburg,  was  born  in  that  borough 
April  8,  1839,  the  son  of  Daniel  and  Eliza- 
beth (Rice)  Gilbert.  The  Gilberts  are  of 
English  origin,  Leonard  Gilbert,  the  pater- 
nal grandfather  of  our  subject,  was 
a  farmer  of  Straban  township,  through- 
out life,  and  was  a  Whig  in  politics. 
Daniel  Gilbert,  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject was  born  in  Straban  township 
February  2,  1810,  and  after  obtaining 
a  common  school  education  learned 
the  trade  of  coach-making,  which  he  fol- 
lowed most  of  his  life  at  Gettysburg.  He 
was  a  Whig  in  politics  and  once  held  the 
office  of  assessor  of  the  borough.  Mr. 
Gilbert  served  one  year  in  Company  K, 
loist  Regiment,  Penn.  Vol.  Infantry.  He 
married  Amy  E.,  daughter  of  a  Mr.  Rice. 
They  had  eight  children:  Calvin,  our  sub- 
ject; Henry  S.,  Daniel,  Perry,  Arabella  E., 
Jennie,  Anna  and  Mary.  Mr.  Gilbert  died 
December  3,  1882;  his  wife  still  survives. 

Calvin  Gilbert  acquired  a  common  school 
education  and  then  learned  the  trade  of 
coach  making  under  his  father.  This  oc- 
cupation he  followed  until  the  breaking 
out  of  the  war,  when  he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany F,  87th  Pennsylvania  Regiment  and 
served  about  sixteen  months  with  that  or- 
ganization as  a  private  soldier.  He  then 
entered  the  commissary  department  and 
served  in  that  capacity  until  October  26th, 
1865.  He  was  comissioned  as  captain  and, 
by  brevet,  as  major,  gaining  both  promo- 
tions for  the  excellent  record  he  made  as  a 
soldier.  After  the  war  Major  Gilbert  lo- 
cated in  Chambersburg,  Franklin  county, 
Pa.,  and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  for 
three  years.  He  then  went  into  the  foun- 
dry and  machine  business  and  retained  his 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


361 


connection  with  that  business  in  Chambers- 
burg  until  1885,  when  he  came  to  Gettys- 
burg and  estabhshed  his  business  there. 
The  Major  takes  a  marked  interest  in  agri- 
cultural matters  and  is  the  owner  of  three 
farms  near  the  town  of  Gettysburg.  His 
business  has  been  most  successful  owing  to 
the  intelligent  methods  upon  which  it  has 
been  conducted.  Major  Gilbert  is  a  Re- 
publican in  politics.  During  his  residence 
in  Chambersburg  he  was  leader  in  every 
movement  for  the  business  interest  of  the 
town  and  for  eighteen  years  a  director  of 
the  public  schools  of  that  borough  and 
since  his  removal  to  Gettysburg  has  served 
in  a  similar  capacity  and  in  addition  as  a 
member  of  the  town  council.  In  his  party 
his  position  is  one  of  influence  and  promi- 
nence. He  has  been  a  delegate  to  numer- 
ous county  and  State  Conventions  and  at 
present  is  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
State  Committee.  Mr.  Gilbert  is  a  member 
of  several  fraternal  secret  orders.  He  is  a 
member  of  Good  Samaritan  Lodge,  No. 
336,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons;  of  Post 
No.  9,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic;  of  the 
Loyal  Legion;  and  Independent  Order  of 
Odd  Fellows.  In  religion  he  is  a  Luth- 
eran. He  attends  church  regularly  and 
takes  an  active  interest  in  its  affairs. 

March  12,  1862,  he  married  Lavina  L., 
daughter  of  William  and  Mary  Rex,  of 
Adams  county.  To  that  union  have  been 
born  five  children:  Minnie,  wife  of  Dr.  L. 
F.  Suesserott,  of  Chambersburg;  Ida  B., 
wife  of  Rev.  G.  Reen,  of  Mansfield,  Ohio; 
Kate;  Calvin  K.,  and  William  D. 

Major  Gilbert  is  one  of  the  most  popu- 
lar men  in  Gettysburg  and  Adams  county. 
He  has  a  large  following  of  friends  and  is 
highly  esteemed  for  his  probity  and  genial- 
ity. 


M 


AJOR  H.  S.  BENNER,  a  prominent 
veteran  and  ex-postmaster  of  Get- 


tysburg, is  a  son  of  Christian  and  Susan- 
nah (Snyder)  Benner,  and  was  born  in 
Straban  township,  Adams  county,  October 
I,  1830.  The  Benners  are  of  German  ex- 
traction. Christian  Benner,  grandfather  of 
the  Major  was  among  the  pioneers  of  this 
section  of  the  State  and  came  to  Adams 
county  in  1752.  He  was  a  farmer  by  oc- 
cupation. Christian  Benner,  father  of  our 
subject,  was  born  in  Adams  county  in  1807. 
He  was  also  a  farmer  and  followed  that  oc- 
cupation all  his  life.  In  politics  he  was  a 
Democrat.  In  religion  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Reformed  faith  and  was  an  active 
worker  in  the  church  at  Gettysburg.  He 
had  five  children,  of  which  our  subject  was 
the  oldest:  H.  S. ;  Sarah  Ann,  who  married 
William  E.  Biddle,  of  Baltimore;  Julia  S., 
who  married  W.  F.  Walter;  Simon  C,  who 
lost  his  life  in  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  in 
1864;  and  Oliver  F.,  a  farmer;  Mrs.  Ben- 
ner, the  mother  of  our  subject,  died  April 
I,  1893. 

Major  Benner  received  a  fair  education 
in  the  schools  of  his  community  and  those 
of  Gettysburg.  After  leaving  school  he 
was  apprenticed  to  learn  stone  cutting  and 
having  acquired  that  trade,  he  followed  it 
until  1856.  After  that  he  was  employed 
as  agent  for  the  Western  Maryland  rail- 
road, but  at  the  out-break  of  the  war  he  ex- 
changed the  pen  for  the  sword  and  entered 
the  service  as  first  lieutenant  of  Company 
K,  loist  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teer Infantry.  He  served  out  the  full  term 
of  his  enlistment  and  February  5,  1863,  re- 
cnlisted  in  the  same  company  and  regiment. 
For  meritorious  action  in  battle  he  was 
promoted  to  the  captaincy  of  his  company 
in  1864,  and  shortly  afterward  was  com- 
missioned Major  of  the  regiment,  the  rank 
with  which  he  retired  at  the  expiration  of 
his  term  of  service  and  the  close  of  the  war 
in  1865.  During  ten  months  of  the  war 
he  was  a  prisoner  in  the  hands  of  the  Con- 


362 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


federates,  having  been  captured  at  Plym- 
oth,  North  Carolina,  April  20,  1864.  He 
was  also  twice  wounded  during  the  battle 
of  Fair  Oaks,  May  31,  1862.  Returning 
to  Gettysburg  at  the  close  of  the  war.  Major 
Benner  engaged  in  the  produce  business, 
until  appointed  postmaster  during  the  first 
term  of  President  Cleveland.  Upon  retiring 
from  that  ofSce  he  engaged  in  the  grocery 
business  which  he  has  since  conducted 
upon  a  large  and  successful  scale.  In  poli- 
tics he  is  a  Democrat  and  for  three  years 
was  chief  burgess  of  the  borough  of  Get- 
tysburg. He  is  a  member  of  the  Presby- 
terian church  and  takes  an  active  interest 
in  its  welfare.  He  is  a  member  of  Good 
Samaritan  Lodge  No.  336,  A.  Y.  M.;  of 
Good  Samaritan  Chapter,  No.  266,  Royal 
Arch  Masons;  Gettysburg  Lodge,  No.  124, 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows;  of  Un- 
ion Encampment,  No.  136,  Independent 
Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  Post  No.  9, 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  of  Gettysburg. 
November  15,  1870,  Major  Benner  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Sophia  R.  Shriver,  nee  Yount. 

REV.  A.  W.  LILLY,  D.  D.,  for  over 
40  years  the  honored  pastor  of  Zion 
Evangelical  Lutheran  church,  of  York,  is 
a  son  of  George  and  Catharine  (Walter) 
Lilly,  and  was  born  at  Turbotville,  North- 
umberland county,  Pennsylvania,  Decem- 
ber 3,  1822.  On  the  paternal  side.  Dr. 
Lilly  is  of  English  descent,  while  on  the 
maternal  side  he  is  of  German  origin.  Both 
families,  however,  were  among  the  early 
settlers  of  Pennsylvania,  and  contributed 
their  share  of  brawn  and  vigor  towards  its 
development.  George  Lilly,  Sr.,  the  pater- 
nal grandfather  of  Rev.  Dr.  Lilly,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Bucks  county,  this  State,  and  his 
son  George,  father  of  our  subject,  was  born 
in  the  initial  year  of  the  present  century. 
He  died  in  August,  1892,  a  nongenarian, 
whose  years  and  experience  are  reached  by 


but  few.  His  early  life  was  passed  within 
Northumberland  county,  where  he  wedded 
Catharine  Walter,  a  daughter  of  Jacob 
Walter,  of  Lehigh  county.  By  this  mar- 
riage he  had  a  family  of  9  children. 

After  attending  the  early  common 
schools  and  receiving  some  private  in- 
struction by  way  of  preparation,  Mr.  Lilly 
entered  Pennsylvania  College  at  Gettys- 
burg, and  was  graduated  from  that  time- 
honored  institution  in  the  class  of  1848. 
He  then  became  a  student  in  the  Theolog- 
ical Seminary  of  the  Lutheran  church  at 
the  same  place,  whose  course  he  finished 
in  1851.  In  1851  he  was  ordained  to  the 
Lutheran  ministry,  and  received  a  call  to 
the  Third  Lutheran  church  of  Baltimore, 
which  he  served  as  pastor  from  1851  to 
1855.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  invited  to 
accept  the  pastorate  of  Zion  Lutheran 
church,  of  York,  which  had  been  organized 
in  1847,  3-"d  whose  first  church  edifice  was 
dedicated  in  1852.  Coming  to  York  in 
1855,  he  entered  upon  his  long  and  success- 
ful pastorate  of  Zion  church,  which  has  be- 
come an  integral  part  of  his  life. 

These  many  years  have  been  filled  with 
earnest  labors  and  solicitous  cares;  for  the 
true  growth  of  a  church  is  founded  on  the 
deepest  and  broadest  foundations  of  true 
sacrifice  and  courageous  self-denial.  Under 
Dr.  Lilly's  ministrations  the  membership 
of  Zion's  church  has  increased  from  125  to 
500  souls,  and  the  Sunday  school  has  been 
easily  doubled.  In  addition  to  this  signifi- 
cant evidence  of  growth,  the  church  edi- 
fice situated  on  South  Duke  street  has  been 
constantly  enlarged  and  beautified  until  it 
now  has  a  seating  capacity  of  700,  and 
comports  well  with  any  other  similar  struc- 
ture in  the  city  of  York. 

On  November  4,  1851,  Rev.  Dr.  Lilly 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Margery  A. 
Herman,  a  daughter  of  Martin  Herman, 
of  Cumberland  county,  and  to  their  union 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


363 


have  been  born  seven  children:  Walter  H., 
deceased,  in  1892;  Mary  E. ;  C.  Foster,  a 
druggist  of  Peoria,  Illinois,  wedded  to 
Mary  Waddell;  Ellen  C,  wife  of  John  M. 
Finley,  of  York  county;  Anna  M.,  wife  of 
Rev.  Charles  R.  Trowbridge,  a  Lutheran 
minister,  of  Baltimore,  Maryland;  Martin 
G.,  deceased  in  1895;  and  Margery  D.  H. 

Rev.  Dr.  Lilly  in  point  of  service  is  the 
oldest  Lutheran  pastor  in  the  city  of  York, 
having  served  for  nearlj'  42  years  contin- 
uously as  the  spiritual  head  ot  Zion  church. 
He  is  a  sound  theologian,  a  good  organizer, 
a  vigorous  worker,  and  a  pulpit  orator  of 
well  recognized  force.  In  1885,  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
from  Pennsylvania  College,  his  alma  mater, 
in  attestation  of  his  well  known  attain- 
ments. His  sphere  has  not  been  confined 
entirely  to  his  pastoral  duties,  but  for  a 
number  of  years  he  has  served  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Luth- 
eran Theological  Seminary  at  Gettysburg, 
and  also  as  secretary  and  presiding  officer 
of  his  Synod  at  different  times.  For  a  per- 
iod of  14  years  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Home  Missions,  and  acted  as 
president  of  the  Board  of  Church  Exten- 
sion from  1874  to  1891.  Dr.  Lilly  is  ener- 
getic and  persistent  in  whatever  he  under- 
takes, and  has  been  a  tireless  and  faithful 
worker  in  the  vinej'ard  of  his  Master. 

DR.  JACOB  D.  HEIGES,  the  oldest 
dentist  in  point  of  practice,  and  one 
of  the  most  prominent,  in  the  City  of  York, 
Pennsylvania,  is  a  son  of  Jacob  and  Eliza- 
beth (Mumper)  Heiges,  and  was  born  at 
Dillsburg,  York  county,  Pennsylvania,  Sep- 
tem.ber  18,  1833.  He  was  reared  at  the 
above  mentioned  village,  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  common  schools,  and  in  1854, 
commenced  the  study  of  dentistry  with  Dr. 
Behne,  then  a  leading  dentist  of  Mechan- 
icsburg,  Cumberland  county,  Pa.     He  re- 


mained under  his  preceptorship  until  Sep- 
tember 18,  1857,  when  he  removed  to  York 
and  began  practice  under  the  instruction  of 
Dr.  Tyrrell  and  also  took  a  two  years' 
course  at  the  Baltimore  Dental  College 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1863.  He 
afterward  remained  with  Dr.  Tyrrell  until 
the  death  of  the  latter.  May  10,  1861,  when 
he  became  his  immediate  successor,  and 
has  continued  it  successfully  to  the  present 
time.  Dr.  Heiges  is  a  master  of  the  me- 
chanical and  operative  branch  of  his  pro- 
fession, has  made  a  special  study  of  the 
anatomy  of  the  teeth  and  head,  and  is  re- 
garded as  among  the  most  skillful  practi- 
tioners in  his  profession.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Harris  Dental  Association  of 
Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  of  which  he  for 
some  years  was  the  president;  of  the  State 
Dental  Association,  and  is  identified  with 
other  bodies  of  a  professional  nature. 

He  is  a  disciple  of  the  principles  taught 
in  the  Democratic  party  and  has  always 
been  an  active  and  ardent  suppr^rter  of  his 
party  and  a  liberal  contributor  to  its  insti- 
tutions. He  has  for  more  than  30  years 
been  a  member  of  St.  John's  P.  E.  church, 
and  was  many  years  a  vestryman  of  the 
church.  He  is  also  a  member  of  Continen- 
tal Assembly,  No.  24,  Artisans'  Order  of 
Mutual  Protection;  a  member  and  Past 
Master  of  York  Lodge,  No.  266,  Free  and 
Accepted  Masons;  member  and  past  High 
Priest  of  Howell  Chapter,  No.  199,  Royal 
Arch  Masons;  a  member  and  Past  Com- 
mander of  York  Commandery,  No.  21, 
Knights  Templar  and  a  Grand  Perfect  elect, 
and  Sublime  Mason  of  Harrisburg  Lodge 
of  Perfection,  14th  degree.  In  1865  he  be- 
came connected  with  the  York  County 
Agricultural  Association,  being  a  life  mem- 
ber thereof  of  which  he  was  a  manager  for 
several  years  and  of  which  he  has  been  cor- 
responding secretary  since  1887. 

On  September  18,  1867,  Dr.  Jacob  D. 


364 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Heiges  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss 
Annie  C.  Smith,  a  daughter  of  Wilham  and 
Mary  E.  (Boyer)  Smith,  of  York.  They 
have  eight  children:  WilHam  S.,  a  drug- 
gist, of  York;  Thomas  T.,  a  draughtsman; 
Charles,  superintendent  of  the  York  Ice 
and  Refrigerating  Company;  Philip  B.,  a 
student  of  architecture;  Horace  M.,  an 
electrician;  J.  Clifford,  Aniee  E.  and 
Robert  R. 

Dr.  Heiges  has  paid  some  attention  to 
the  rearing  and  breeding  of  standard  bred 
horses,  and  has  to  his  credit  reared  some 
fine  stock  with  which  he  has  gained  suc- 
cessful competition  at  county  fairs,  &c.  He 
has  built  and  improved  a  fine  residence  at 
125  East  Market  street. 

MICHAEL  SCHALL,  the  enterpris- 
ing proprietor  of  the  Keystone 
Farm  Machine  Company,  of  York,  Penn- 
sylvania, is  a  son  of  Michael  and  Charlotte 
Virginia  (Connelee)  Schall,  and  was  born 
in  York  in  December,  1869. 

The  Schall  family  which  is  an  old  and 
honored  one  in  Pennsylvania,  is  of  German 
lineage,  the  York  county  branch  of  which 
started  from  James  Schall,  grandfather  of 
Michael,  who  settled  near  Wrightsville  at 
an  early  date.  He  was  a  hotel  keeper  and 
general  business  man,  lived  in  that  section 
of  the  county  for  many  years,  and  reached 
the  age  of  68  years.  Some  years  prior  to 
his  death  he  removed  to  the  city  of  York 
where  his  death  occurred  in  1865. 

His  son  Michael  Schall  was  born  in  York 
on  October  8,  1828,  and  passed  away  on 
September  31,  1893.  The  latter  received 
an  academic  education  in  the  York  County 
Academy,  and  started  in  life  as  the  purchas- 
ing agent  of  P.  A.  &  S.  Small,  of  York, 
with  whom  he  continued  up  to  the  year 
i860.  About  this  time  he  purchased  the 
business  of  Ilgenfritz  &  White,  car  manu- 


facturers, and  continued  that  business  until 
the  time  of  his  death.  In  addition  to  his 
plant  in  York  he  also  had  similar  plants  at 
Middletown,  Glen  Rock  and  Dauphin, 
Pennsylvania,  all  of  which  in  their  day 
proved  successful  projects.  Besides  these 
manufacturing  interests  he  was  associated 
with  the  Susquehanna  Iron  Company,  at 
Columbia,  the  rolling  mill  now  conducted 
by  Steac}'  &  Denney,  of  York,  and  with 
the   Columbia  rolling  mills.       About  the 

year    in    conjunction    with    James 

Danner  he  established  a  banking  house  in 
his  native  city  under  the  firm  name  of  Schall 
and  Danner,  bankers  and  brokers,  which 
was  conducted  until  the  year  1892.  In  ad- 
dition to  the  above  mentioned  business  re- 
lations, Mr.  Schall  was  also  a  large  real  es- 
tate owner  in  York  city  and  county  and  was 
an  active  promoter  of  many  minor  projects 
looking  to  the  material  and  industrial  de- 
velopment of  his  native  city.  He  was  a 
man  of  business  foresight,  good  executive 
ability  and  possessed  unusual  sagacity  in 
the  conduct  of  his  affairs.  Politically  he 
was  an  active  Republican  and  for  a  period 
of  eight  years  served  as  chairman  of  the 
Republican  county  committee.  During  the 
Garfield  Presidential  campaign  he  was 
made  an  elector  from  the  State  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  cast  his  vote  in  the  electoral  col- 
lege of  the  United  States  for  that  honored 
and  martyred  President.  In  religious  affil- 
iations, he  was  an  Episcopalian,  and  was 
connected  for  a  number  of  years  with  St. 
John's  Episcopal  church  of  York,  as  ves- 
tryman and  for  over  half  a  century  was  sup- 
erintendent of  the  Sunday  school  connected 
with  that  body.  He  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Charlotte  Virginia  Connelee,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Edmund  Connelee,  of  Virginia,  by 
whom  he  had  the  following  children :  Maria 
v.,  deceased;  Sarah  E.,  wife  of  Horace 
Keesey,  attorney  at  law,  of  York;  Lilly  K., 
wife  of  Henry  C.  Niles,  Esq.,  of  York,  Isa- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


365 


belle,  wife  of  Charles  H.  Mayer,  of  York; 
James  H.  and  Michael,  subject. 

Michael  was  educated  in  the  York 
County  Academy,  and  the  Cheltenham  Mil- 
itary Academy,  of  Philadelphia,  graduat- 
ing from  the  latter  institution  in  the  year 
1890.-  Immediately  subsequent  to  his  grad- 
uation he  returned  to  his  home  and  was 
employed  in  the  car  works  with  his  father 
up  to  the  year  1893.  In  that  year  he  pur- 
chased a  one-half  interest  in  the  Keystone 
Farm  Machine  works  and  later  became  the 
sole  owner  of  that  business.  After  becom- 
ing proprietor  of  this  well-known  industry, 
valuable  improvements  were  made  in  mat- 
ters of  equipment  and  capacity,  placing  it 
upon  a  firm  footing  and  in  a  fair  position 
to  do  competitive  work  with  other  and 
larger  concerns  of  a  similar  nature.  The 
Keystone  works  necessitate  the  employ- 
ment of  from  125  to  150  men,  the  products 
of  whose  labor  are  sold  in  various  parts  of 
the  United  States  in  addition  to  large  ship- 
ments to  foreign  countries. 

Mr.  Schall  is  a  Republican  in  politics  but 
does  not  take  an  active  interest  in  his  party 
beyond  the  judicious  exercise  of  his  right 
of  suffrage.  He  is  a  member  of  St.  John's 
Episcopal  church  and  is  also  connected 
with  Harmonia  Lodge,  No.  853,  Indepen- 
dent Order  of  Odd  Fellows.  Among  the 
younger  business  men  of  York  he  takes 
a  first  rank  in  point  of  enterprise,  executive 
capacity  and  integrity.  He  is  a  young  man 
of  most  creditable  mental  equipment,  culti- 
vated tastes  and  good  social  standing  whose 
characteristics  as  a  business  manager  place 
him  among  the  successful  business  men  of 
his  native  city. 

HENRY  C.  BRENNEMAN,  ESQ.,  a 
successful  lawyer  of  the  York 
County  Bar  is  the  eldest  son  of  Jacob  and 
Elizabeth  (Berkheimer)  Brenneman,  and 
was  born  in  Washington  township,  county 


of  York,  Pennsylvania,  January  14th,  1858. 
His  parents  were  of  German  extraction  and 
belong  to  the  sturdy  class  of  citizens  that 
have  done  much  toward  the  industrial  and 
material  progress  of  Southern  Pennsyl- 
vania. His  father,  Jacob  Brenneman,  in 
early  life  was  a  manufacturer  of  woolen 
goods  and  afterward  turned  his  attention  to 
farming.  He  was  born  in  1833  and  died  in 
the  year  1886,  while  his  wife  was  demised 
in  1893.  Three  sons  still  survive:  Henry 
C,  Martin  L.,  and  Andrew  J.;  an  only 
daughter  Mary  J.  died  in  infancy. 

Henry  C.  Brenneman  left  the  public 
schools  at  16  years  of  age,  and  after  attend- 
ing Central  Pennsylvania  College,  at  New 
Berlin,  Union  county,  Pa.,  one  term,  en- 
tered the  State  Normal  School  at  Millers- 
ville,  Pennsylvania,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  the  class  of  1880.  He  then 
took  a  post  graduate  course  at  Millersville 
and  became  principal  of  the  Adamstown 
public  school,  Lancaster  county,  which  po- 
sition he  acceptably  filled  for  one  year.  At 
the  expiration  of  this  time  he  was  elected 
vice  principal  of  the  York  High  School,  in 
which  he  taught  mathematics  and  history 
for  a  period  of  six  years.  In  1887  he  be- 
came a  candidate  for  and  was  elected  to  the 
superintendency  of  public  schools  in  York 
county,  and  his  conduct  of  educational  af- 
fairs during  his  first  incumbency  was  such 
that  he  was  unanimously  re-elected  in  1890. 

Toward  the  close  of  his  second  term  as 
county  superintendent  he  concluded  to 
leave  the  educational  field  in  which  he  had 
been  successful  as  teacher  and  superinten- 
dent, to  take  up  the  profession  of  law.  He 
registered  as  a  law  student  in  the  office  of 
N.  Sargent  Ross,  Esq.,  and  was  duly  ad- 
mitted to  practice  in  August,  1895.  Short- 
ly after  his  admission,  a  partnership  was 
formed  with  his  former  preceptor,  Mr.  Ross, 
which  resulted  in  the  present  legal  firm  of 
Ross  &  Brenneman — one  of  the  leading 


24 


366 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


law  firms  of  York  county.  A  few  months 
after  entering  into  practice,  Mr.  Brenneman 
was  appointed  county  solicitor,  a  position 
which  he  still  holds.  Politically  he  is  a 
Democrat,  and  has  been  identified  with  the 
active  work  of  his  party.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  York  Social  Club,  the  Independent 
Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  Improved  Order 
of  Heptasophs,  Benevolent  and  Protective 
Order  of  Elks,  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  is 
a  high  degree  Mason.  He  is  a  member  and 
past  officer  of  York  Lodge  266  Free  and 
Accepted  Masons;  Howell  Chapter,  No. 
199,  Royal  Arch  Masons;  York  Comman- 
dery.  No.  21,  Knights  Templar;  Harris- 
burg  Consistory,  and  Lulu  Temple,  An- 
cient Order  of  Arabic  Nobles  of  the  Mystic 
Shrine,  of  Philadelphia. 

On  May  21,  i8gi,  Mr.  Brenneman  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Ida  Lee  Sanks, 
daughter  of  Rev.  James  Sanks. 

CHARLES  FREDERICK  SPANG- 
LER,  M.  D.,  one  of  the  youngest 
successful  physicians  of  the  city  of  York,  is 
the  son  of  Harrison  and  Mary  (Sechrist) 
Spangler,  and  was  born  in  York,  Pennsyl- 
vania, December  30,  1859.  The  Spanglers 
are  of  German  lineage,  and  the  name  is  of 
frequent  occurrence  in  the  medical  and 
other  leading  professions  of  this  county. 
Dr.  Spangler  was  reared  in  his  native 
county,  received  his  academic  education  in 
the  York  schools  and  in  July,  1876,  began 
the  study  of  medicine  under  the  preceptor- 
ship  of  the  late  Dr.  Charles  M.  Nes,  who  at 
that  time  was  one  of  the  most  eminent  phy- 
sicians of  the  county. 

In  1879  he  entered  Jefiferson  Medical 
College,  of  Philadelphia,  from  which  insti- 
tution he  was  graduated  with  honor  in  the 
Class  of  '81.  Being  an  ardent  lover  of  his 
profession,  studious  and  a  hard  worker  his 
association  with  that  institution  was  at- 
tended by  marked  distinction.    His  qualifi- 


cations invited  the  confidence  of  the  faculty 
to  a  degree  that  responsible  duties  were  as- 
signed to  him,  affording  exceptional  op- 
portunities for  acquiring  practical  knowl- 
edge. His  acknowledged  thorough  mas- 
tery of  the  various  branches  of  the  science, 
with  a  comprehensive  manner  of  imparting 
information  to  his  associates,  gave  him 
a  foremost  position  in  a  class  of  six  hun- 
dred and  twenty.  Immediately  after  grad- 
uation he  returned  to  York,  where  he 
opened  an  office  and  took  the  initial  steps 
in  the  practice  of  his  chosen  profession.  In 
addition  to  a  large  general  practice  Dr. 
Spangler  has  devoted  special  attention  to 
the  diseases  peculiar  to  women  and  in  this 
particular  department  of  medicine  has  been 
favored  by  more  than  ordinary  success. 

He  has  been  in  active  and  continual  prac- 
tice the  past  sixteen  years.  He  has  been  a 
contributor  to  a  number  of  the  leading 
medical  journals  of  the  country  resulting 
in  an  extensive  professional  correspond- 
ence. During  the  past  year,  he  has  been 
taking  special  instruction  in  Gynaecology 
and  Clinical  Microscopy  in  the  Johns  Hop- 
kins University.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
York  County  Medico-Pathological  Society, 
the  York  County  Medical  Society,  the 
American  Medical  Association,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Association  of  Directors  of  the 
Poor,  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  physician 
to  the  York  County  Hospital  for  five  years, 
and  enjoyed  the  distinction  of  being  Coro- 
ner of  the  county  from  the  year  1884  to 
1888  and  from  1892  to  1895  inclusive,  serv- 
ing in  both  positions  with  honor  and  credit. 
During  his  first  term  of  office  the  Doctor 
continued  in  the  custom  of  his  predecessors 
in  office,  a  custom  that  had  been  in  vogue 
since  the  erection  of  the  county,  that  of 
holding  inquests  in  all  cases  of  sudden,  vio- 
lent, or  accidental  deaths,  in  accordance 
with  the  old  English  Common  Law;  there 
not    having    been    any    special    legislation 


vJU^-sw'vU-iU^^^a^^^  , 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


367 


enacted  defining  the  duties  of  the  Coroner 
for  York  county.  Doctor  Spangler  having 
been  seriously  impressed  with  the  embar- 
rassing features  of  holding  inquests  indis- 
criminately, determined  to  interpret  and 
carry  into  effect  the  modern  conception  of 
the  meaning  of  the  law,  that  of  holding  in- 
quests only  when  cause  of  death  was  sur- 
rounded by  suspicious  circumstances;  this 
rule  was  so  rigidly  adhered  to  that  but 
thirty  inquests  were  held  during  the  three 
years  of  his  second  term. 

He  thus  established  a  precedent  as  a 
guide  for  future  administrations  that  serves 
to  dispel  the  feeling  of  dread  hitherto  as- 
sociated with  that  functionary  and  virtually 
reducing  the  emoluments  of  the  office  to 
that  of  a  sinecure. 

He  was  one  of  the  first  directors  and 
original  promoters  of  the  Westinghouse 
Electric  Light  Company,  and  assisted  ma- 
terially in  the  substantial  establishment  of 
that  institution  here. 

He  was  also  actively  interested  in  the  or- 
ganization and  promotion  of  the  Eastern 
Market. 

In  politics  Dr.  Spangler  is  of  Democratic 
proclivities  and  has  always  taken  an  active 
and  intelligent  interest  in  the  principles  and 
success  of  the  party  with  which  he  has  affil- 
iated, and  presumably  an  evidence  of  his 
popularity  is  noticeable  in  the  Presiden- 
tial election  of  1884,  when  he  ran  several 
hundred  ahead  of  the  ticket  and  carried  the 
Second  ward  which  has  always  been  the 
strongest  opposition  district  in  the  county. 

He  has  been  a  member  of  St.  Paul's 
Lutheran  church  since  early  life.  In  1880 
he  was  married  to  Frances  H.  Wilson,  of 
Franklin  county,  to  which  union  two  chil- 
dren were  born  Joseph  H.  and  PVederick  C. 

WILLIAM  A.  KEYWORTH,  cashier 
of  the  First  National  Bank  of  York, 
Pennsylvania,  is  a  son  of  Charles  A.,  and 


Mary  J.  (Castor)  Keyworth  and  was  born 
in  York,  on  June  22,  1868. 

Charles  A.  Keyworth,  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  born  in  York,  on  February  27, 
1837  and  died  in  the  same  place,  February 
22,  1876.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  city  and  at  the  York 
County  Academy,  but  the  more  important 
part  of  his  education  was  obtained  through 
self  tuition  and  attrition  with  people  and 
places.  He  was  a  wide  ana  diverse  reader 
of  literature,  refined  tastes  and  safe  busi- 
ness instincts.  He  succeeded  his  father  in 
the  jewelry  business  at  No.  8  East  Market 
street,  York,  which  he  conducted  success- 
fully until  the  time  of  his  death.  In  addi- 
tion to  his  duties  in  connection  with  his  main 
occupation,  he  invested  largely  and  judi- 
ciously in  real  estate,  which  in  after  years 
yielded  a  comfortable  legacy  in  itself.  He 
was  a  director  in  the  York  County  National 
Bank  in  whose  afifairs  he  always  manifested 
an  active  and  intelligent  interest.  He  was 
also  president  of  several  Building  and  Loan 
Associations,  was  one  of  the  first  promot- 
ers of  the  Peach  Bottom  railroad  and  the 
York  and  Chanceford  turnpike,  and  sus- 
tained important  relations  to  a  number  of 
other  industries  in  his  native  city  and  its 
environs.  Politically  he  was  a  Republican, 
served  for  some  time  as  a  member  of  the 
school  board  and  took  a  very  general  in- 
terest in  the  educational  afifairs  and  the 
moral  improvement  of  the  community.  He 
was  a  member  and  officially  connected  with 
Zion  Lutheran  church  throughout  the 
greater  portion  of  his  life.  He  was  united 
in  marriage  with  Mary  J.  Castor,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Peter  Castor,  of  Philadelphia,  by 
whom  six  children  were  born:  Mary  Leah, 
wife  of  Dr.  Niles  H.  Shearer,  wholesale 
druggist  of  York;  Bessie  Anna,  deceased, 
in  1884,  at  the  age  of  eighteen  years;  Wil- 
liam A,,  subject;  Edward  Thomas,  an  ar- 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


chitect  with  J.  A.  Dempwolf,  of  York;  S. 
Louise  and  Charles  A.,  an  architect  of 
York. 

William  A.  Keyworth  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools,  and  at  York  Collegiate 
Institute.  Subsequently  he  was  employed 
for  a  period  of  six  months  by  the  A.  B.  Far- 
quhar  Company  (Limited).  He  then  en- 
tered the  First  National  Bank  as  assistant 
to  the  cashier,  which  relation  he  sustained 
for  two  years.  At  the  end  of  this  time  he 
was  made  discount  clerk  and  for  a  period 
of  nine  years  performed  the  duties  of  that 
position  with  efificiency  and  integrity.  In 
1896,  upon  the  retirement  of  Mr.  J.  J.  Frick 
from  the  cashiership  of  the  First  National 
Bank,  Mr.  Kej'worth  was  named  his  im- 
mediate successor  and  has  continued  to  act 
in  that  capacity  ever  since.  He  is  a  careful 
and  painstaking  official,  ample  business  and 
financial  training  and  possesses  in  a  verv 
large  measure  the  confidence  and  respect 
of  the  bank's  patronage.  Fcr  some  years 
past  Mr.  Keyworth  has  operated  consider- 
ably in  real  estate,  but  since  his  elevation 
to  his  present  post  has  devoted  his  entire 
time  and  attention  to  the  onerous  and  ex- 
acting duties  of  his  present  position. 

Mr.  Keyworth  is  a  Republican  in  politics 
and  thoroughly  devoted  to  the  principles  of 
that  party  but  does  not  take  an  active  inter- 
est in  its  councils  or  organizations.  He  is  a 
member  of  Zion  Lutheran  church,  and  a 
Mason  in  high  standing. 

On  November  5,  i8q6,  he  was  united  in 
marriage  with  Bella  Weiser  Carl,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Jere  Carl,  of  York,  whose  sketch  ap- 
pears elsewhere  in  this  volume. 

Mr.  Keyworth  is  a  young  man  of  proper 
energy  and  ambition,  good  business  quali- 
fications and  unquestioned  fidelity  to  the  in- 
terests of  those  he  serves.  In  manner  he  is 
affable,  in  his  business  relations  alwavs 
courteous  and  in  private  and  domestic  life 


manifests  a  high  degree  of  culture  and  re- 
finement. 

For  five  years  he  was  a  Director  in  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 

T  OHN  A.  HOOBER,  ESQ.,  a  promi- 
nent young  member  of  the  York 
county  bar,  is  the  only  son  of  Henry 
and  Malinda  (Holtzapple)  Hoober,  and 
was  born  at  Wrightsville,  Pennsylvania, 
January  27,  1867.  His  parents  were  both 
of  German  descent,  natives  of  York  county, 
and  members  of  old  and  highly  respect- 
able families.  Henry  Hoober,  his  father, 
was  born  in  1839,  and  died  in  1869,  and  at 
the  time  of  his  death  was  a  resident  of 
Wrightsville.  He  was  active  in  religious 
affairs,  and  a  member  of  several  fraternal 
orders.  His  marriage  with  Malinda  Holtz- 
apple, a  daughter  of  William  Holtzapple, 
was  celebrated  in  1866,  and  resulted  in  the 
birth  of  one  son,  John  A.,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch. 

John  A.  Hoober  was  bereft  of  his  father 
when  under  three  years  of  age  and  conse- 
quently was  compelled  to  begin  life  single- 
handed  even  in  boyhood.  He  attended 
the  public  schools  of  York  and  entered  the 
York  Collegiate  Institute  in  1885,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  1887.  In  the 
Fall  of  1887  he  became  an  attache  of  the 
York  Gazette,  and  for  two  years  was  cor- 
respondent for  the  press  of  Pittsburg,  Phil- 
adelphia, New  York  and  other  cities.  At 
the  expiration  of  this  time,  in  1889,  he  en- 
tered the  Law  Department  of  Yale  Uni- 
versity, New  Haven,  Connecticut,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  with  the  degree. 
Bachelor  of  Laws,  in  1891.  Subsequent 
to  this  time  he  pursued  a  two  years  post- 
graduate course  in  the  Yale  Law  and 
Academic  schools,  receiving  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Civil  Law  in  1893,  during  which 
two  years  he  filled  an  instructorship  in  the 
Law  School,       Returning  home  in   1893, 


NiN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


369 


he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  York  county, 
and  since  that  date  has  been  in  active  and 
successful  practice.  In  addition  to  his 
professional  duties,  he  is  also  a  lecturer  on 
patent  law  at  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle, 
Pennsylvania,  a  lectureship  for  which  he  is 
well  qualified,  both  by  reason  of  natural 
ability  and  special  study  in  this  direction 
under  ex-United  State's  Commissioner  of 
Patents,  Hon.  W.  E.  Simonds,  and  Hon. 
William  Townsend,  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  of  Connecticut  and  Southern 
New  York. 

Mr.  Hoober  is  a  Democrat  in  politics, 
an  ex-president  of  the  Young  Men's  Dem- 
ocratic Society,  of  York,  and  a  member  of 
the  Union  Lutheran  church,  in  whose  Sun- 
day school  he  has  been  a  teacher  for  a  num- 
ber of  years.  He  is  a  director  and  secre- 
tary of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  of 
York,  and  is  president  of  the  Alumni 
Society,  of  the  York  Collegiate  Institute. 
Aside  from  professional  duties,  he  is  an  in- 
terested observer  of  current  events,  and  a 
frequent  contributor  to  leading  legal  maga- 
zines and  journals.  He  is  a  clear,  facile 
and  attractive  writer,  as  well  as  a  trust- 
worthy and  competent  lawyer. 

At  college  Mr.  Hoober  was  elected  grad- 
uate editor  of  the  Yale  Law  Journal,  and 
was  made  the  Wayland  prize  speaker  of 
1891.  Some  of  his  energies  were  spent 
in  other  lines — in  filling  his  duties  as  vice 
president  of  the  University  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association  and  in  active  partici- 
pation in  field  and  track  athletics. 

VINTON  HENRY  RITCHEY,  a  suc- 
cessful druggist  of  Carlisle,  Penn- 
sylvania, is  the  son  of  Josiah  and  Emily 
Jane  (Seavers)  Ritchey.  He  was  born  in 
the  town  of  Bradford,  Pennsylvania,  Oc- 
tober 26,  1 85 1.  The  Ritchey s  are  of  Eng- 
lish origin  and  were  among  the  early  set- 


tlers of  Bradford  county,  where  they  were 
agriculturalists.  Jacob  Ritchey,  great- 
grandfather of  our  subject,  was  a  native  of 
Bedford  county  and  an  extensive  farmer, 
owning  a  large  tract  of  land  near  Bedford. 
He  was  also  a  distiller  and  miller,  traded 
in  grain  and  shipped  a  great  quantity  of 
cereals  and  produce  to  Baltimore  and  Phil- 
delphia.  He  was  quite  an  esteemed  and 
enterprising  man  in  his  day  and  was  a 
member  of  the  Reformed  church.  He 
died  on  his  farm,  aged  eighty  years.  He 
reared  a  family  of  four  or  five  children 
whose  descendants  are  scattered  over  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania.  Three  of  them  are 
still  living.  The  grandfather  of  the  sub- 
ject was  also  a  native  of  Bradford  county 
and  succeeded  to  his  father's  various  busi- 
ness interests.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
First  Reformed  church  and  died  on  the 
farm.  He  married  and  had  five  children: 
Rebecca,  who  married  Richard  Siller,  of 
Bedford;  Maggie,  who  married  John  Yont, 
of  Bedford;  Eliza,  who  married  John 
Fenny,  of  Altoona,  Pennsylvania;  William, 
who  died,  a  carpenter  of  Altoona,  a  first- 
class  mechanic,  contractor  and  builder.  He 
erected  some  of  the  best  business  blocks  and 
large  buildings  in  the  city  of  Altoona.  Josiah 
Ritchey,  father  of  our  subject,  was  a  third 
child  and  was  born  on  the  homestead  in 
Bedford  county,  1826.  He  succeeded  his 
father  in  the  milling,  distilling  and  farming 
business,  which  he  conducted  for  a  period 
of  about  twelve  years.  He  sold  out  about 
i860  and  removed  to  Morrison's  Cove, 
Bedford  county.  Pa.,  where  he  was  en- 
gaged in  farming  until  1893,  when  he  dis- 
posed of  his  farming  interests  in  Bedford 
county  and  removed  to  Carlisle  and  re- 
mained one  year.  He  then  established 
himself  at  Harrisburg  to  look  after  his 
property  interests  in  that  city,  where  he 
still  resides.  By  trade  he  was  a  tailor,  but 
never  followed  that  vocation.       He  was  a 


370 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


man  of  large  business  experience,  has  been 
very  successful  in  his  financial  ventures  and 
always  retained  the  confidence  of  his  friends 
and  acquaintances.  In  religion  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Reformed  church,  in  which 
he  takes  a  very  active  interest.  He  i.s 
also  a  member  of  the  Independent  Order 
Odd  Fellows.  He  married  Emily  Jane, 
daughter  of  Jacob  Seevers,  who  still  sur- 
vives at  the  age  of  sixty-nine  years.  Her 
father  was  of  German  descent  and  a  farmer 
of  Cumberland  county.  They  had  nine 
children:  Dr.  M.  M.,  of  Harrisburg;  the 
subject,  V.  H.;  John,  Pennsylvania  rail- 
road carpenter,  of  Altoona;  Clara,  wife  of 
John  Garn,  of  this  county;  James,  busi- 
ness manager  of  a  manufactory,  of  Harris- 
burg, and  Dr.  Frank,  of  New  Kingston. 

C^ur  subject  received  his  education  in 
the  Morrison  Cove  common  school,  Mar- 
tinsburg  Academy  and  Dickinson  Semi- 
nary at  Williamsport.  At  the  age  of  19 
he  began  the  study  of  the  drug  business 
with  Jacob  Biddle,  of  Loysburg.  Soon 
after  he  went  to  Altoona,  where  he  re- 
mained two  years,  then  to  Philadelphia, 
where  he  spent  two  years  and  came  to  Car- 
lisle January  20,  1879.  He  started  the 
drug  business  in  Carlisle,  which  he  has  fol- 
lowed ever  since,  carrying  a  full  line  of  all 
kinds  of  drugs,  stationery  and  toilet  arti- 
cles. Religiously  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Lutheran  church.  December,  1879,  he 
was  married  to  Martha  Ellen,  a  daughter 
of  Jacob  C.  and  Catharine  Lehman,  of 
Boiling  Springs,  by  whom  he  has  had  four 
children:  Catharine,  deceased,  died  at  the 
age  of  2  years,  7  months  and  13  days; 
George,  Jacob,  C.  L.  and  Irene  Constance. 

JOSEPH  R.  STRAWBRIDGE,  ESQ., 
district  attorney  of  York  county,  and 
a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Geise  & 
Strawbridge  is  a  son  of  John  and  Grizella 
(McDonald)  Strawbridge,  and  was  born  in 


Fawn  township,  York  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, July  25,  1858. 

On  his  paternal  side  Mr.  Strawbridge  is 
descended  from  an  English  ancestry,  while 
on  the  maternal  side  his  progenitors  were 
of  Scotch  lineage.  John  Strawbridge, 
grandfather,  was  a  native  and  life-long 
resident  of  Fawn  township,  where  he  was 
engaged  in  agricultural  and  kindred  pur- 
suits until  the  time  of  his  death.  He  mar- 
ried Rachel  Alloway,  of  York  county,  who 
bore  him  three  sons  and  one  daughter: 
John,  Joseph,  James  and  Sallie,  all  de- 
ceased. His  maternal  grandfather,  Aquila 
McDonald,  was  a  native  of  York  county, 
also  a  farmer  by  occupation. 

John  Strawbridge,  father  of  our  subject, 
was  a  well-known  farmer  and  merchant  of 
southern  York  county,  was  born  in  Fawn 
township  in  1806,  and  died  in  March,  1878. 
His  wife  preceded  him  to  the  grave  in  1877, 
at  the  age  of  sixty-six  years,  and  is  interred 
with  her  husband  in  the  cemetery  of  Center 
Presbyterian  church,  in  his  native  town- 
ship. During  President  VanBuren's  ad- 
ministration the  elder  Strawbridge  was  ap- 
pointed postmaster  at  Strawbridge,  now 
known  as  New  Park,  and  continued  in  that 
position  down  to  the  election  of  President 
Grant.  He  was  a  Democrat  in  politics, 
filled  many  local  offices  in  his  vicinity  and 
was  a  familiar  figure  in  political  and  busi- 
ness circles  of  his  community.  He  was 
a  man  of  commendable  habits  and  com- 
manded the  intelligent  respect  of  all  those 
with  whom  he  came  in  contact.  His  mar- 
riage with  Grizella  McDonald  resulted  in 
an  issue  of  five  sons  and  four  daughters: 
John  C,  a  farmer  of  Hopewell  township, 
York  county;  Mary,  not  married,  a  resident 
of  Baltimore,  Maryland;  Rachel  A.,  wife  of 
Richard  W.  McDonald,  of  Harford  county, 
Maryland;  Aquila  M.,  a  resident  of  Fawn 
township;  Richard  A.,  a  resident  of  Mary- 
ville.  Mo,;  Sallie  J.,  Franklin  P.;  Louisa 


^fJ^^^^^OC^^^^^J^, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


371 


M.,  wife  of  John  C.  Wiley,  of  Fawn  town- 
ship, and  Joseph  Ross,  subject. 

Joseph  R.  Strawbridge  was  brought  up 
on  the  farm  and  received  his  elementary 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Fawn 
township.  He  subsequently  studied  at 
Fawn  Grove  Academy,  Stewartstown  Eng- 
lish and  Classical  Institute  and  the  York 
Collegiate  Institute,  from  which  latter  he 
was  graduated  in  1880,  and  was  made  the 
valedictorian  of  his  class.  Subsequent  to 
graduation  here  he  entered  the  junior  class 
of  Lafayette  College,  Easton,  Pennsylvania, 
and  received  his  degree  in  1882.  In  the 
interims  of  his  school  life  he  taught  in 
Adams  county,  Illinois,  and  in  Fawn  Grove 
Academy,  York  county,  Penna.,  where  he 
was  formerly  a  student.  In  1882  he  en- 
tered upon  the  study  of  law  with  Captain 
Frank  Geise,  of  York,  his  present  legal 
partner,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
York  county  September  i,  1884,  and  has 
since  continued  in  the  active  and  success- 
ful practice  of  his  profession.  He  has  been 
admitted  to  practice  before  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  State  and  has  already  argued 
several  important  cases  before  that  court. 
In  1885  he  was  made  counsel  for  the  county 
commissioners  of  York  county  and  served 
in  that  capacity  at  different  times  for  a 
period  of  five  years.  In  1895,  after  a  spir- 
ited contest,  he  was  elected  district  attorney 
for  the  same  county  by  a  majority  of  2,054 
and  continues  in  the  discharge  of  the  im- 
portant functions  of  that  office. 

Mr.  Strawbridge  is  a  Democrat  in  poli- 
tics and  has  been  intelligently  identified 
with  the  activities  of  that  organization.  He 
is  a  law)'er  of  recognized  ability  and  in- 
tegrity, possesses  ample  equipment  and 
ranks  with  the  successful  members  of  the 
legal  fraternity.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  church,  of  York,  and 
teaches  a  class  of  men  in  its  Sunday  school. 

On  November  9,  1887,  Mr.  Strawbridge 


was  united  in  marriage  with  Elizabeth 
Smyser,  a  daughter  of  Lewis  E.  Smyser,  of 
York.  This  union  has  been  fruitful  in  the 
issue  of  three  children:  Mary  S.,  born  Sep- 
tember 20,  1890;  Elizabeth  M.,  born  Au- 
gust 26,  1893;  and  Edwin  S.,  born  Julv 
5,  1896. 

MILTON  B.  GIBSON,  president  of 
the  Weaver  Organ  &  Piano  Com- 
pany, of  York,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  son  of 
Francis  F.  and  Catharine  (Baker)  Gibson, 
and  was  born  at  Landisburg,  Perry  county, 
Pennsylvania,  June  8,  i860. 

The  Gibson  family  is  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  notable  in  Pennsylvania  and  has 
reflected  credit  upon  a  race  of  pioneers  no 
less  distinguished  in  citizenship  than  the 
Scotch-Irish.  His  great-great-grandfather, 
Col.  George  Gibson,  son  of  George  Gib- 
son, Esq.,  of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  was  one  of  the 
early  martial  figures  in  the  history  of  our 
country.  As  a  young  man  he  was  en- 
gaged in  the  trade  to  the  West  Indies  and 
afterwards  was  a  trader  with  the  Indians 
at  Fort  Pitt.  Returning  to  the  East  he 
bought  a  farm  and  settled  at  Gibson's 
Rock,  Perry  county,  then  a  part  of  Cum- 
berland. During  the  Revolution  he  en- 
listed at  Fort  Pitt  a  company  of  one  hun- 
dred daring  men,  who  were  sharp  shoot- 
ers and  known  as  "Gibson's  Lambs."  He 
was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the  First 
Virginia  regiment,  joined  Gen.  Washing- 
ton before  the  evacuation  of  New  York 
and  took  part  in  many  of  the  leading  bat- 
tles of  the  Revolution.  In  1791  he  took 
command  of  a  regiment  under  Gen.  St. 
Clair  in  his  campaign  in  Ohio  against  the 
Indians  of  the  North  West  Territory,  and 
lost  his  life  at  the  battle  of  Miami  Village, 
dying  at  Fort  JefTerson,  Ohio,  December 
14th,  1791.  He  left  surviving  three  sons, 
John  Bannister  Gibson,  who  became  chief 
justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Pennsyl- 


372 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


vania,  occupying  the  bench  from  1816  to 
185 1,  and  was  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
jurists  of  the  State.  Another  son,  Briga- 
dier General  George  Gibson,  was  chief  of 
the  commissary  department  for  a  period  of 
forty  years.  The  third  was  Francis  F., 
great-grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  who  also  entered  the  army  and  filled 
several  civil  positions  with  honor  and  fidel- 
ity. A  proximate  relative  of  these,  whose 
name  was  also  George  Gibson,  was  a  pres- 
iential  elector  in  1789,  and  voted  for  the 
first  President  of  the  United  States,  while 
other  relatives  and  ancestors  of  Robert 
Gibson,  grandfather  of  Milton  B.,  held  im- 
portant and  responsible  positions  under 
the  State  government.  Grandfather  Gib- 
son was  a  native  and  resident  of  Perry 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  was  familiarly 
known  as  'Squire  Gibson.  He  was  ap- 
pointed justice  of  the  peace  by  Governor 
Pollock  and  served  continuously  in  that 
office  for  a  period  of  thirty-seven  years.  He 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Hannah 
Kreamer,  who  bore  him  three  children, 
whose  names  are  as  follows:  Francis  F., 
George  A.  and  Mary  Gibson.  His  son, 
Francis  F.  Gibson,  was  a  surveyor  by  pro- 
fession, but  during  the  latter  part  of  his  life 
followed  a  general  mercantile  business  near 
Landisburg,  in  Perry  county.  Pa.,  where 
he  died  in  1867,  when  but  thirty-seven 
years  of  age.  Francis  F.  Gibson  married 
Mary  Ann  Sheibley,  of  Perry  county,  who 
died,  leaving  a  son,  Francis  S.  Gibson. 
Several  years  after  he  married  Catharine 
E.  Baker,  grand-daughter  of  the  late  Con- 
rad Holman,  of  Perry  county.  This  union 
resulted  in  the  birth  of  two  children:  Mil- 
ton Buchar  and  Walter  Spotts,  the  latter 
of  whom  died  in  infancy. 

Milton  B.  Gibson,  at  the  tender  age  of  7 
years,  was  bereft  of  his  father  and  grew  to 
manhood,  lacking  the  protecting  care  that  a 
kind  and  afifectionate  father  can  exercise. 


He  received  his  elementary  education  in  the 
common  schools,  completed  his  academic 
studies  at  Bloomfield  Academy  in  his  na- 
tive county  and  taught  successfully  for 
three  years.  He  then  in  1881  purchased 
his  father's  property  near  Landisburg,  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  pursuits  for  several 
years,  during  which  time  he  became  inter- 
ested in  the  Weaver  Organ  &  Piano  Com- 
pany, who  were  building  their  present  fac- 
tory at  York.  He  first  became  a  stock- 
holder and  then  being  successful  as  a  re- 
tail salesman  of  their  instruments,  he  was 
speedily  appointed  State  representative  of 
the  Company  in  Pennsylvania.  In  1885 
he  removed  to  York,  which  has  been  his 
place  of  residence  ever  since.  In  1886  he 
was  elected  secretary  of  the  Company,  and 
in  September,  1890,  after  the  death  of  Mr. 
J.  O.  Weaver,  the  founder  of  the  Com- 
pany, he  was  made  treasurer  and  general 
manager  in  addition  to  the  secretaryship. 
In  1896  he  was  elected  to  his  present  posi- 
tion as  president  of  the  Company. 

The  Weaver  Organ  &  Piano  Company 
has  a  large  and  well  equipped  factory,  in 
which  they  employ  a  force  of  over  100 
skilled  workmen.  The  yearly  output  is  from 
2500  to  3000  instruments,  which  compete 
fairly  with  any  similar  instruments  manu- 
factured, and  the  sale  of  which  extends  to 
all  sections  of  the  United  States  and  the 
civilized  world.  The  company  has  a  work- 
ing capital  of  over  $150,000  and  operates 
a  number  of  branch  houses  in  other  cities. 
Milton  B.  Gibson,  on  April  i8th,  1882, 
married  Elizabeth  Shumaker,  daughter  of 
Samuel  Shumaker,  of  Harrisburg,  Pa. 
They  have  four  children:  Holman  S., 
Edith  B.,  Catharine  Blanche  and  Marion 
E.  Mrs.  Gibson's  father  was  also  formerly 
of  Perry  Co.,  where  he  was  active  in  public 
and  business  aflfairs. 

In  politics  Mr.  Gibson  is  a  Republican, 
but  in  no  sense  a  politician.    He  has  never 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


373 


been  a  seeker  for  office,  though  no  one  has 
been  more  zealous  in  support  of  the  meri- 
torious men  and  principles  of  his  party. 
He  is  a  member  and  one  of  the  organizers 
of  Heidelberg  Chapter,  No.  38,  Brother- 
hood of  Andrew  and  Philip,  a  religious  or- 
ganization. He  is  also  a  member  and  past 
Chancellor  of  Chrystal  Lodge,  No.  248, 
Knights  of  Pythias.  Religiously  he  affil- 
iates with  the  Reformed  Church,  being  a 
member  of  Heidelberg  Reformed  Church, 
in  which  he  is  an  Elder,  and  of  whose  Sun- 
day-school he  has  been  the  acting  Super- 
intendent for  several  years.  He  is  a  Di- 
rector of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  As- 
s relation,  of  York,  and  a  member  of  its 
important  committees.  Mr.  Gibson  is  a 
representative  business  man,  and  to  the  im- 
portant company,  over  whose  concerns  he 
is  presiding,  he  has  given  a  number  of 
years  of  his  best  energies  with  successful 
results.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  York  Card  &  Paper  Co.,  and  was  a  Di- 
rector and  Vice  President  of  the  Com- 
pany for  several  years.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  International  Advisory  Board  of  the 
Philadelphia  Commercial  Museum  and 
was  a  delegate  to  the  congress  of  dele- 
gates from  North  and  South  America, 
which  met  in  Philalelphia,  Jvine  ist  to  5th, 
1897,  to  dedicate  the  Museums  and  trans- 
act business  of  international  import.  He 
is  still  a  young  man  and  his  future  career 
as  an  energetic  business  man  is  a  bright 
one. 

BENJAMIN  HALLOWELL  FARQU- 
HAR,  was  born  in  Montgomery 
county,  Maryland,  July  27,  1840.  Of  his 
distinguished  and  honorable  lineage  the  am- 
pler sketch  of  his  brother,  Arthur  B.  Far- 
quhar,  treats  at  length.  He  was  reared  on 
his  father's  farm  and  educated  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  at  Benjamin  Hallowell's 
select  school  for  boys  at  Alexandria,  Vir- 


ginia. The  latter  was  a  thorough  institu- 
tion and  here  young  Farquhar  obtained  a 
good  practical  education.  Leaving  school 
in  1857,  at  the  age  of  17,  he  engaged  in 
farming  up  to  the  time  of  the  late  civil  war, 
and  on  May  23,  1863,  entered  the  United 
States  mail  service,  having  charge  of  the 
mails  between  Washington  and  New  York. 
He  continued  in  this  service  until  1882, 
when  he  retired  and  came  to  York,  where 
he  subsequently  became  associated  with  his 
brother,  Arthur  B.,  in  the  manufacturing 
industry.  When  the  Farquhar's  formed  a 
stock  company  in  1889  to  assume  charge 
of  and  conduct  their  vast  manufacturing 
interests,  B.  H.  Farquhar  became  treasurer 
of  that  concern  and  has  retained  that  po- 
sition ever  since. 

Mr.  Farquhar  is  and  always  has  been  a 
Republican  in  politics.  He  served  as  a 
member  of  the  common  council  for  two 
years  from  the  2nd  ward  of  his  adopted  city 
and  in  1893  was  the  nominee  of  his  party 
for  the  city  treasurership.  Although  the 
city  was  strongly  Democratic  Mr.  Farqu- 
har lacked  but  forty  odd  votes  of  being  the 
successful  candidate, — a  showing  which  at- 
tested the  confidence  of  a  large  number  of 
his  political  opponents  in  his  entire  fitness 
for  the  position.  In  his  religious  affilia- 
tions both  by  heredity  and  conviction  he  is 
a  Quaker  although  in  the  absence  of  any 
religious  order  of  Friends  in  this  commun- 
ity, he  is  an  attendant  and  pew-holder  of 
St.  Paul's  Evangelical  Lutheran  church. 

On  June  2,  1870,  Mr.  Farquhar  was  uni- 
ted in  marriage  with  Martha  Lippincott, 
of  Philadelphia.  To  this  union  have  been 
born  two  sons,  only  one  of  whom  survives, 
Thomas  L.,  a  graduate  of  the  York  Col- 
legiate Institute,  and  at  present  engaged  in 
the  fire  insurance  business  in  Philadelphia. 
The  deceased  son  was  named  Lewis  C. 

In  his  business  relations  Mr.  Farquhar  is 
regarded   as    a    careful    and    conscientious 


374 


BlOGRAfHlCAL  AND  PORTRAIT  CYCLOPEDIA. 


manager  with  an  exceptional  mind  for  de- 
tails and  of  the  strictest  integrity.  He  gives 
scrupulous  and  thoughtful  attention  to  the 
duties  of  his  position  in  connection  with 
the  Pennsylvania  Agricultural  Works,  is 
well  informed  upon  all  questions  of  finance 
and  economic  policy  and  exhibits  a  lively 
interest  in  all  public  questions  touching  the 
business  and  industrial  features  of  the 
county's  growth.  He  is  a  man  of  fine  in- 
tellectual culture,  rather  domestic  in  his 
tastes  apart  from  business,  but  at  the  same 
time  keeps  in  close  touch  with  the  more 
prominent  social,  literary  and  religious 
movements  of  the  city. 

JOHN  J.  SNYDER,  M.  D.,  was  born 
October  8,  1869,  at  Two  Taverns, 
Adams  county,  Pa.  He  is  the  second 
son  of  Baltzer  and  Mary  (Schwartz)  Snyder. 
His  great-great  grandfather,  Conrad  Sny- 
der, emigrated  to  this  country  from  Ger- 
many and  settled  in  Pennsylvania  colony, 
where  he  followed  farming  and  weaving. 
His  son,  Conrad,  born  in  1764,  served 
in  the  last  years  of  the  Revolutionary  war 
in  which  two  of  his  brothers  were  killed. 

He  came  to  York  county  after  the  war 
or  rather  to  Adams  county,  then  a  part 
of  York  county,  where  he  married 
Eve  Knouse,  and  buying  a  farm  near 
Bonneauville,  Adams  county.  Pa.,  he 
farmed  until  his  death  in  1836.  His  chil- 
dren were:  George,  the  grandfather  of  the 
writer,  married  to  Susan  Fair;  Henry  mar- 
ried to  Eliza  Wolford;  Daniel,  died  young; 
Baltzer,  married  to  a  Miss  Houck;  Conrad, 
married  to  Catharine  Fisher.  The  daugh- 
ters were:  Sarah,  married  to  Mr.  Hassler; 
Katie,  married  to  John  Norbeck;  Susan, 
married  to  Christian  Benner;  Elizabeth, 
married  Cornelius  Brinkerhofif;  Mary,  mar- 
ried John  Sheely;  Julia,  married  John 
Diehl;  and  Lydia,  married  Mr.  Hersh. 
George  Snyder  was  born  at  Bonneauville, 


Pa.,  served  in  Capt.  Lindsay  Sturgeon's 
company  (regiment  not  recalled)  during  the 
war  of  1812.  He  farmed  in  Mt.  Pleasant 
and  Mt.  Joy  townships,  kept  tavern,  and 
finally  lived  a  retired  life.  He  married  Su- 
sannah Fair  and  their  children  were  five  in 
number:  Catherine,  married  to  Jacob  Ben- 
ner; Baltzer,  married  to  Mary  Schwartz; 
Daniel,  married  to  Mary  Deardorfif;  Susan, 
married  to  Wm.  Ruflf,  and  Lydia,  all  of 
whom  are  dead  except  Daniel,  now  living 
at  McKnightstown,  Pa.,  and  Susan  living 
in  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Baltzer,  father,  was  born  February  22, 
1820,  near  Two  Taverns.  By  trade, 
he  was  a  mason  and  contractor,  and  having 
acquired  a  good  education  followed  teach- 
ing for  a  good  many  years.  He  also  farmed 
in  Mt.  Joy  township.  In  the  old  militia 
days,  he  commanded  the  company,  raised 
in  Mt.  Joy  township.  He  was  married  to 
Mary  Schwartz,  the  oldest  daughter  of 
Michael  and  Leah  (Stock)  Schwartz,  and 
to  them  were  born  six  children:  Margaret, 
married  to  John  Fiscel;  Elizabeth,  married 
to  Allen  Fiscel;  Henry  D.,  who  graduated 
from  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland  in  April,  1890,  and  en- 
tered the  Medical  Corps  U.  S.  Army  in 
June  of  the  same  year,  now  ranking  cap- 
tain. 

John  J.  attended  the  public  schools 
and  Littlestown  High  School.  He  read 
medicine  under  Dr.  A.  Noel,  of  Bonneau- 
ville, Pa.,  entered  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia in  the  session  of  1 891 -'92,  graduating 
in  Physiology  and  Medical  Jurisprudence 
at  the  end  of  the  session,  and  then  entered 
the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  of 
Baltimore,  Md.,  session  of  1892  and  '93, 
graduating  from  that  institution  April  19, 
1893,  receiving  "honorable  mention"  in  a 
class  of  179  graduates.  He  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  McSherrys- 
town,   Pennsylvania,  July  3,   1893,  but  in 


NlKTETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DiSTRICt. 


375 


April,  1894,  removed  to  New  Oxford,  Pa. 

He  married  April  26,1892,  Annie  Louise, 
daughter  of  Samuel  and  Mary  Wantz,  of 
Silver  Run,  Carroll  county,  Md.  They 
have  two  children:  George  E.,  born  August 
12,  1894;  and  Helen  Louise,  born  March 
17,  1896. 

In  religion  the  family  has  always  been 
Lutheran,  while  in  politics  first  Whig,  and 
now,  with  few  exceptions.  Republican. 

George  A.  is  the  third  son,  and  is  now  in 
the  Hospital  Corps  U.  S.  Army,  serving  in 
Arizona.  Wm.  Rufif,  the  fourth  son  and 
youngest  of  the  family,  is  at  the  West 
Chester  State  Normal  School. 

DANIEL  F.  LAFEAN,  president  of 
the  Security  Title  and  Trust  Com- 
pany, is  a  son  of  Charles  F.  and  Charlotte 
(Kottcamp)  Lafean,  and  was  born  in  York 
county,  Pennsylvania,  February  7,  1861. 
As  the  name  would  clearly  indicate,  the  La- 
feans  are  of  French  descent,  though 
Charles  F.  Lafean  was  a  native  of  York 
county.  He  embarked  in  the  coal  business 
at  York,  which  was  followed  with  unusual 
success  until  his  death  on  May  I,  1895,  at 
the  age  of  59  years.  He  married  Charlotte 
Kottcamp,  a  daughter  of  Frederick  Kott- 
camp, of  York,  Pa.  They  were  the  par- 
ents of  nine  children,  six  sons  and  three 
daughters:  Mary  V.,  widow  of  Frank 
Wheeler,  of  Baltimore,  Maryland;  A. 
Henry,  a  druggist  of  York;  Daniel  F.,  sub- 
ject; Charles  F.,  junior,  wholesale  confec- 
tioner; Edward  C,  druggist;  Laura  V.;  Ja- 
cob G. ;  John  R.,  wholesale  confectioner; 
and  Hattie  M. 

Daniel  F.  Lafean  attended  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  city  and  commenced 
his  active  business  career  as  a  clerk  in  the 
notion  store  of  W.  L.  Plymire,  with  whom 
he  remained  for  a  few  months.  At  the  end 
of  that  time  he  accepted  a  clerkship  in  the 
candy  store  of  Peter  C.  Wiest  with  whom 


he  spent  a  period  of  four  years.  During 
this  time  he  mastered  the  details  of  the 
candy  business  as  it  was  then  conducted, 
and  conceiving  that  beneficial  and  profit- 
able improvements  lay  in  the  line  of  new 
methods  and  increased  facilities,  he  so  in- 
terested his  employer  in  a  new  departure 
in  1878  that  a  partnership  resulted  under 
the  firm  name  of  P.  C.  Wiest  &  Co.  The 
experiment  more  than  fully  proved  his 
views  to  be  correct,  and  on  July  16,  1895, 
a  stock  company  was  formed  and  incorpo- 
rated under  the  name  of  The  P.  C.  Wiest 
Co.,  of  which  Mr.  Lafean  is  president  and 
treasurer.  New  buildings  were  erected, 
skilled  workmen  employed,  and  the  latest 
machinery  and  equipments  pertinent  to  the 
business  provided,  and  the  company  en- 
tered upon  a  career  of  success.  Year  by 
year  an  expanding  trade  called  for  in- 
creased facilities  and  additional  employees 
until  at  the  present  writing  they  have  the 
largest  confectionery  plant  in  the  State. 
This  plant  covers  two  acres  of  ground,  the 
buildings  are  of  the  most  substantial  order 
and  necessitates  the  employment  of  five 
hundred  hands,  and  their  trade  is  increasing 
so  rapidly  that  the  employment  of  200 
hands  additional  is  contemplated  in  order 
to  keep  pace  with  the  demands  of  a  grow- 
ing patronage. 

On  December  26,  1882,  Mr.  Lafean  mar- 
ried Emma  B.  Krone,  whose  father  Henry 
Krone  is  a  resident  of  York.  Their  union 
has  resulted  in  the  birth  of  three  children: 
Stewart  B.,  Leroy  K.  and  Robert  H. 

Although  still  on  the  younger  side  of 
life's  meridian,  Daniel  F.  Lafean,  has 
reached  a  degree  of  business  success  which 
is  not  without  covet.  He  is  a  pioneer 
in  his  line  of  business,  as  he  conducts  it,  and 
the  success  of  the  company  is  conceded  to 
be  due  in  a  large  degree  to  his  business 
foresight,  sagacity  and  energy.  He  was 
one  of  the  organizers  and  now  president  of 


376 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


the  Security  Title  and  Trust  Company. 

Mr.  Lafean  is  a  member  of  St.  Paul's 
Lutheran  church,  in  which  he  has  served  as 
a  deacon  for  six  years.  He  is  a  member  of 
Humane  Lodge,  Independent  Order  of 
Odd  Fellows,  and  for  several  years  has 
been  prominent  in  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
which  latter  organization  has  honored  him 
with  the  office  of  Eminent  Commander.  He 
has  also  been  an  incumbetit  of  a  number  of 
other  official  positions  in  connection  with 
the  Masonic  body,  all  of  which  have  been 
filled  with  eminent  satisfaction  and  dignity. 
He  was  a  member  of  City  Councils  serving 
as  a  member  of  that  body  for  three  terms, 
and  acting  one  year  as  president  of  Com- 
mon Branch. 

SOLOMON  S.  RUPP,  ESQ.,  a  lawyer 
of  Shiremanstown,  Cumberland 
county.  Pa.,  is  a  son  of  George  M.  and 
Elizabeth  (Mohler)  Rupp,  and  was  born  in 
Lower  Allen  township,  December  lo,  i860. 
The  Rupps  are  of  German  extraction.  John 
Jonas  Rupp,  an  emigrant  from  his  native 
home  in  Ruhen,  grand-duchy  of  Baden, 
Kingdom  of  Germany,  established  the  fam- 
ily in  this  country  in  1751,  early  in  the  per- 
iod of  colonization  of  this  section  of  Penn- 
sylvania. He  was  born  October  23,  1729, 
and  died  in  Cumberland  county  May  21, 
1801.  Farming  was  his  occupation  and  he 
carried  on  this  vocation  in  Hampden 
township.  In  the  old  grave-yard  of  St. 
John's  near  Shiremanstown,  his  remains  lie 
at  rest. 

George  Rupp,  the  great  grandfather  of 
our  subject,  was  born  while  the  family  lived 
in  Lancaster  county,  that  part  which  is 
now  incorporated  within  the  limits  of  Leb- 
anon county,  May  21,  1772.  Until  1779 
he  remained  and  worked  upon  the  farm  and 
then  learned  the  trade  of  tailoring  which  he 
followed  until  1795.  In  that  year  he  took 
up  the  trade  of  carpentering  and  followed 


it  until  1801,  when  he  returned  to  farming 
for  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  died  July 
10,  1848.  I.  Daniel  Rupp,  the  well-known 
local  and  Pennsylvania  German  historian, 
was  his  son. 

Martin  G.  Rupp,  grandfather  of  our  sub- 
ject was  born  in  Lower  Allen  township,  this 
county,  April  2,  181 3.  Like  his  father  be- 
fore him,  he  farmed;  but  later  in  life  de- 
voted himself  to  store-keeping  in  addition 
to  trucking.  He  married  Susan  Buyer,  of 
Shiremanstown,  a  native  of  Lancaster,  by 
whom  he  had  one  son,  George  Rupp,  the 
father  of  our  subject,  born  March  26,  1835, 
in  Lower  Allen.  Although  originally  of 
the  Reformed  church,  the  Rupps  became 
Dunkards  in  the  time  of  Martin,  and 
George  grew  up  in  that  faith  and  became 
an  active  member  of  that  denomination. 

He  was  a  Republican  in  politics  and  fol- 
lowed farming  for  a  living.  He  married 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Solomon  Mohler,  a 
Lower  Allen  township  farmer,  and  had  two 
sons  and  two  daughters :  Mary  Ellen,  wife 
of  E.  H.  Zug,a  farmer  of  Lancaster  county; 
S.  S.,  our  subject;  Austin  G.,  a  farmer  and 
trucker  of  Lower  Allen;  and  Sallie  E.,  wife 
of  J.  A.  Rupp,  carpenter,  of  Shiremans- 
town. 

Our  subject  was  brought  up  on  the  farm 
and  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools,  a  select  school,  the  Brethren's  col- 
lege at  Huntingdon  and  Shippensburg 
State  Normal  school,  from  which  latter  he 
graduated  in  1881.  He  taught  during  the 
winters  of  1879  ^^'^  1881,  and  two  terms  af- 
ter graduation.  In  the  fall  of  1883,  he  went 
to  Lafayette  College,  where  he  was  gradu- 
ated in  the  classical  course  in  1887.  Re- 
turning to  teaching  he  took  charge  of  the 
Camp  Hill  school,  and  subsequently  for 
two  years  taught  in  Lycoming  county,  Pa. 
During  vacation  he  taught  in  the  Naval 
Academy  Preparatory  school  at  Annapolis. 
In  1888,  he  registered  as  a  law  student  in 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


377 


the  office  of  Mumma  and  Shopp,  Harris- 
burg,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Dauphin 
county  bar  in  1891.  Shortly  after  he  was 
admitted  to  the  Cumberland  bar  also.  In 
Harrisburg  he  maintains  an  office  at  210 
Walnut  street.  Mr.  Rupp  is  a  popular  fra- 
ternity man.  He  holds  membership  in 
Irene  Lodge,  Knights  of  Pythias;  in  Shire- 
manstown  Council,  Junior  Order  United 
American  Mechanics;  Eureka  Lodge,  No. 
302,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons;  Samuel 
C.  Perkin's  Chapter,  Royal  Arch  Masons, 
No.  209,  and  Pilgrim  Commandery,  No.  11, 
Knights  Templar  of  Harrisburg.  In  relig- 
ion he  clings  to  the  Lutheran  faith  and  is 
superintendent  of  the  Lutheran  Sunday 
school  at  Shiremanstown.  He  is  a  Repub- 
lican in  politics,  is  a  school  director  and  for- 
merly served  as  a  member  of  the  town 
health  board. 

August  23,  1887,  he  married  Martha  J., 
daughter  of  David  Dietz,  of  Hampden 
township.  To  this  union  four  children  have 
been  born:  Grace  E. ;  Elizabeth,  who  died 
in  infancy;  David  M.  and  G.  Francis.  Mr. 
Rupp  is  an  agreeable  and  highly  intelligent 
gentleman.  He  is  building  up  a  substan- 
tial law  practice  and  is  taking  a  high  rank 
in  his  profession  as  a  close  student  and  hard 
worker. 

REV.  J.  J.  KERR,  a  respected  and  ef- 
fective Lutheran  minister  of  New- 
ville,  Cumberland  county,  was  born  in  Sid- 
donstown,  York  county,  January  i,  1836, 
and  is  the  son  of  James  and  Elizabeth 
(Krall)  Kerr.  He  is  of  Scotch-Irish  and 
German  ancestry.  The  original  American 
head  of  the  family  was  William  Kerr,  who 
came  from  the  North  of  Ireland  about  1790 
and  settled  in  what  is  now  Adams  county, 
Pa.  He  was  a  weaver  by  trade,  and  his 
children  were:  Thomas,  William,  James, 
Mary,  married  to  George  Burns;  Elizabeth, 
who  married  James  Bryne. 


James,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was 
born  in  Adams  county  in  1798.  He  became 
a  resident  of  York  county,  early  in  life.  He 
taught  school  a  number  of  years.  He  be- 
longed to  the  Covenanter  church.  For  a 
number  of  years  he  was  an  officer  in  the 
State  militia.  The  mother  of  our  subject 
was  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Henry  and 
Martha  (Shirich)  Krall.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Kerr  had  twelve  children:  Henry,  drowned 
in  the  Yuba  river,  California,  at  the  age  of 
21,  in  the  year  A.  D.  1850;  Barbara,  de- 
ceased ;  Catharine,  wife  of  James  Hayward ; 
John,  died  in  infancy;  J.  J.,  our  subject; 
Thomas  J.,  of  Wellsville;  David  P.,  of  Erie; 
James  P.,  of  Missouri;  Mary,  deceased; 
George  W.  and  Ezekiel  C,  in  Missouri; 
and  Franklin  P.,  died  young.  Tlie  father 
died  at  Siddonstown,  February  9,  1874.  The 
mother  survived  him  three  years  dying  in 
November,  1877. 

Our  subject's  life  was  very  similar  to  that 
of  other  boys  brought  up  on  farms,  but  he 
m.ade  the  most  of  his  opportunities  and  ac- 
quired a  good  common  school  education. 
At  the  age  of  19  he  began  to  teach  in  the 
public  schools  in  the  winters,  and  would  go 
to  summer  school.  After  a  few  years  thus 
spent,  he  entered  Tuscarora  Academy,  un- 
der the  efficient  Professor  J.  H.Schmucker. 
Here  he  spent  several  years,  fitting  himself 
for  the  Junior  class  in  college.  After  some 
years  under  private  tutors,  he  entered  the 
Theological  Seminary  at  Gettysburg,  Pa. 
Just  about  the  time  of  the  closing  of  the 
term,  June,  '63,  the  Confederates  entered 
the  State  and  their  movements,  as  well  as 
the  movements  of  the  Union  Army  indica- 
ted trouble  for  Gettysburg,  and  history 
tells  what  followed.  He  enlisted  subse- 
quently in  the  162nd  Regiment,  Ohio  Vol- 
unteers, and  served  to  the  end  of  the  war, 
four  brothers  being  in  the  Union  Army  at 
the  same  time.  Before  his  time  of  service 
expired,  he   came  to   Rebersburg,   Centre 


378 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


county,  Pa.,  on  furlough,  met  the  Synod  of 
Central  Pennsylvania  of  the  General  Sy- 
nod of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  church, 
underwent  a  rigid  examination  in  Greek 
and  Hebrew  with  all  other  required  studies, 
and  was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel.  This 
was  in  the  year  1865.  He  served  the  fol- 
lowing churches:  Millerstown  Mission, 
Huntingdon,  Pa.;  Myersville,  Frederick 
county,  Md. ;  Duncannon,  Pa.;  Willmore, 
Pa.  In  1 88 1  he  removed  to  Altoona,  Pa., 
and  spent  between  8  and  10  years  in  Al- 
toona where  he  organized  three  congrega- 
tions and  built  two  churches.  He  removed 
from  Altoona  to  Brookville,  Jefferson 
county,  Pa.,  where  he  built  a  new  church. 
And  from  Brookville  he  came  to  Newville, 
where  he  is  serving  St.  Paul's  Lutheran 
church,  the  youngest  but  most  thrifty 
church  in  the  place. 

He  was  married  December  25,  1866,  to 
Miss  Kate  A.,  daughter  of  J.  J.  and  Cath- 
arine (Myers)  Smith,  of  near  Newport, 
Perry  county.  Pa.  To  this  union  were 
born:  Minnie  Armadale,  deceased;  Annie 
Laurie,  now  married  to  W.  H.  Slaugen- 
haupt,  and  Homer  Trestler,  married  and 
living  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

JOHN  E.  BAKER,  a  representative 
business  man  of  York,  is  the  young- 
est son  of  Henry  and  Rebecca  (Duvall) 
Baker,  and  was  born  in  Liberty,  Frederick 
county,  Md.,  April  14,  i860.  His  ancestors 
on  the  paternal  side  were  German.  Henry 
Becker  reached  Philadelphia,  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  year  1741,  coming  from  Lower 
Palatinate,  or  the  region  of  the  Rhine. 
Three  years  later  he  purchased  a  farm  of 
210  acres,  situated  in  what  is  now  known 
as  Linganore  District,  Frederick  county, 
Md.  He  called  his  farm  Oak  Orchard, 
and  it  still  retains  that  name,  and  remains 
undivided  in  the  Baker  family.  On  the  ma- 
ternal side  Mr.  Baker  is  a  direct  descendant 


in  the  eighth  generation,  of  a  French  Hu- 
guenot, Gabriel  Duvall,  who  at  the  revoca- 
tion of  the  edict  of  Nantes,  left  France,  af- 
ter seeing  his  estates  confiscated,  and  came 
to  America  in  1689.  He  shortly  after  set- 
tled first  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Mary- 
land, and  later  moved  to  Frederick  county. 
The  Duvall  family  were  closely  indentified, 
with  the  early  history  of  the  Colony,  fur- 
nishing two  officers  of  the  Revolutionary 
war,  and  later  a  Justice  of  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court,  Gabriel  Duvall. 

Henry  Baker,  the  father  of  our  subject, 
was  a  man  of  strong  will  and  decided  in  all 
his  views.  He  was  for  many  years  actively 
engaged  in  the  politics  of  Frederick  county. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Maryland  Consti- 
tutional Convention  in  1864,  and  later  1867 
served  one  term  in  the  State  Legislature. 
During  the  Rebellion  he  was  a  strong  Un- 
ion man,  doing  all  in  his  power  to  help  the 
cause,  taught  military  tactics  to  the  young 
men  of  the  neighborhood,  and  helped  equip 
a  regiment  for  service.  In  1862  he  was  cap- 
tured and  held  a  prisoner  by  General  Fitz- 
hugh  Lee.  He  was  a  staunch  Republican, 
and  indeed  until  his  death  did  he  tenac- 
iously cling  to  his  party's  platform.  The 
members  of  the  Baker  family  for  a  century 
past,  were  plain  country  gentlemen,  of  the 
type  which  has  made  Maryland's  hospital- 
ity so  well  known  throughout  the  States. 

Mr.  John  E.  Baker  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  public  school  of  his  native  vil- 
lage, and  at  Liberty  Academy  which  latter 
he  left  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  went  to 
work  in  his  father's  tannery.  He  subse- 
quently finished  his  trade  about  the  year 
1879  and  went  to  Washington  City  where 
he  was  variously  engaged  for  a  period  of 
nearly  two  years,  and  during  this  time  com- 
pleted a  commercial  course  at  the  Spen- 
cerian  Business  College  whose  sessions  he 
attended  at  night  after  the  completion  of 
his  routine  duties.     On  February  17,  1882, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


379 


he  removed  to  Hedgville,  West  Virginia, 
and  there  engaged  in  the  lumber  business. 
He  later  moved  to  Martinsburg  in  the  same 
State,  where  he  engaged  in  a  similar  busi- 
ness, and  afterwards  became  superinten- 
dent of  Baker  &  Bros,  large  lime  works, 
which  connection  was  maintained  up  to  the 
year  1886,  when  he  removed  to  Baltimore, 
and  engaged  in  the  wholesale  leather  busi- 
ness. Three  (3)  years  later  he  disposed  of 
his  interest  there  and  removed  to  York,  and 
subsequently  organized  the  "Wrightsville 
Lime  Co."  assuming  active  management  of 
same.  This  company  owns  valuable  lime- 
stone quarries,  and  operates  large  kilns  at 
Wrightsville,  Campbells  Station  and  Bain- 
bridge,  Pennsylvania.  These  combined 
plants  have  a  capacity  of  more  than  a  mil- 
lion bushels  per  annum,  and  in  point  of 
quality  the  lime  product  is  among  the  best 
produced  in  the  State.  In  addition  to  his 
connection  with  the  Wrightsville  Lime  Co. 
he  is  also  secretary,  and  treasurer  of  the 
Keystone  Coal  Company  which  operates 
large  mines  in  Somerset  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  ships  on  an  average,  a  thousand 
tons  of  coal  per  day.  This  same  company 
is  the  owner  of  coal  lands  in  West  Virginia, 
which  as  yet  have  not  been  operated.  Mr. 
Baker  brings  to  all  these  industries  a  wide 
and  diverse  experience  in  business  manage- 
ment. He  is  recognized  as  a  man  of  good 
organizing,  and  executive  ability.  Politi- 
cally he  is  a  Republican,  and  in  the  year 
1896  was  elected  to  represent  the  Second 
ward  in  the  Common  Council  of  the  City 
of  York.  Beyond  this,  however,  he  is  not 
a  candidate  for  political  preferment,  and 
has  always  been  content  to  exercise  the 
privileges  and  duties  of  a  citizen,  irrespect- 
ive of  political  aspirations.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
which  he  has  uniformly  given  active  and 
cordial  support. 
On  November  9,  1887,  Mr.  Baker  was 


united  in  marriage  with  Mary  S.,  daughter 
of  the  late  Charles  Billmyer,  of  York,  Pa. 
To  this  union  have  been  born  two  children, 
one  son  and  one  daughter.  Mr.  Baker  is 
practically  a  self-made  man.  He  is  a  man 
of  good  mental  equipment,  business  tact, 
fertile  resources,  and  tireless  energy — qual- 
ities that  have  done  much  toward  his  pres- 
ent success.  Personally  he  possesses  many 
commendatory  social  characteristics,  that 
have  placed  him  in  touch  with  the  leading 
men  and  interests  of  his  adopted  county. 

J  J.  CONRAD,  one  of  the  members  of 
•  the  firm  of  Ehrhart,  Conrad  and 
Company,  of  Hanover,  York  county, 
was  born  in  that  town,  October  11,  1861, 
the  son  of  Lewis  G.  and  Charlotte  (Noel) 
Conrad.  He  is  descended  from  German 
and  French  ancestry. 

Lewis  G.  Conrad,  father  of  our  subject, 
was  born  in  McSherrystown,  Adams 
county,  on  July  3,  1832.  He  was  the  son 
of  Jacob  Conrad  and  after  finishing  his  ed- 
ucation in  the  common  schools,  he 
learned  the  trade  of  carpenter  and  followed 
contracting  throughout  his  life  in  Hanover. 
He  did  a  large  business  and  became  the 
principal  contractor  of  the  town.  In  poli- 
tics Mr.  Conrad  is  a  Democrat  of  the  sound 
money  persuasion  but  does  not  display  an 
active  interest  in  party  afifairs.  In  religion 
he  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  church.  In 
Hanover  he  married  Charlotte,  a  daughter 
of  John  L.  and  A.  Mary  Noel,  by  whom  he 
had  seven  children:  Harry  Leo,  William 
F.,  deceased;  Jacob  J.,  Frank  A.,  Edward 
J.,  Agnes,  wife  of  L.  D.  Kelly,  and  Nettie. 
Jacob  J.  Conrad  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  Hanover  and  at  the  ter- 
mination of  his  school  career  entered  a 
grocery  store  in  his  native  town  and  clerked 
for  three  years.  He  then  entered  upon  the 
wholesale  and  retail  grocery  business  upon 
a  small  scale,  but  the  business  has  since 


38o 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


developed  until  the  present  house,  Ehrhart, 
Conrad  &  Co.,  and  is  the  leading  empor- 
ium of  the  town.  Mr.  Conrad,  like  his 
father,  is  a  faithful  believer  in  the  prin- 
ciples of  Jefiferson  but,  of  the  two  Demo- 
cratic platforms  of  1896,  that  adopted  by 
the  so-called  Gold  Democracy  at  Indianap- 
olis is  to  his  reason  and  judgment  the  true 
Democratic  doctrine  of  this  period.  He  is, 
therefore,  a  sound  money  Democrat.  In 
religion  he  is  a  member  of  the  Catholic 
church. 

September  27,  1893,  Mr.  Conrad  married 
Alice,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  J.  and  Bridget 
Bateman,  of  Philadelphia. 

Mr.  Conrad  is  held  in  high  esteem  in 
Hanover,  not  only  among  the  business 
men,  but  by  all  who  know  him.  He  has  an 
excellent  reputation  for  business  integrity, 
probity  of  character  and  the  enlightened 
spirit  of  his  citizenship.  He  is  a  type  of  the 
thinking  American  citizen  who  reasons  out 
his  own  business  or  professional  destiny  as 
well  as  his  proper  course  in  his  civic  rela- 
tions, and  who,  acting  entirely  upon  judg- 
ment and  not  from  impulse,  is  inflexible  in 
his  convictions  and  consistent  and  un- 
swerving in  maintaining  and  practicing 
them. 

DANIEL  K.  TRIMMER,  ESQ.,  a 
prominent  member  of  the  York 
county  Bar,  who  has  been  in  continuous 
and  successful  practice  for  a  period  of  20 
years,  is  a  native  of  Dover  township,  York 
county,  Pennsylvania,  the  date  of  whose 
birth  was  September  loth,  1846.  His  par- 
ents were  Daniel  and  Elizabeth  (Kaufifman) 
Trimmer,  whose  ancestors  on  his  father's 
side  were  formerly  residents  of  New  Jer- 
sey, but  for  the  past  five  generations,  iden- 
tified with  the  life  and  interests  of  York 
county.  The  first  of  the  name  transplanted 
to  York  county,  of  which  we  have  any  rec- 
ord, was  George  Trimmer,  the  great  grand- 


father of  William  Trimmer,  a  well-to-do 
citizen  and  an  adherent  of  and  bishop  in 
the  German  Baptist  church,  whose  son, 
Daniel  B.  Trimmer,  was  the  father  of  Dan- 
iel K. 

Daniel  B.  Trimmer  was  born  on  April 
15,  1809,  on  the  old  homestead  farm  in 
Dover  township,  and  adopted  the  occupa- 
tion and  religious  faith  of  his  father.  He 
was  a  Whig,  and  subsequently,  a  Repub- 
lican in  politics,  and  died  on  October  4, 
1873.  He  married  Elizabeth  Kaufifman, 
the  representative  of  an  old  Pennsylvania 
family,  five  generations  ago  almost  entirely 
confined  to  Lancaster  county.  To  this  un- 
ion were  born  11  children  of  whom  six  are 
living:  William,  Reuben,  Nancy,  inter- 
married with  George  B.  StaufTer,  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  John  R.  Altland,  Alice  and  Dan- 
iel K. 

Daniel  K.  Trimmer,  at  the  age  of  ten 
years  left  his  father's  farm  and  lived  for 
some  years  with  his  aunt,  who  resided  in 
West  Manchester  township.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  common  schools  in 
West  Manchester  township,  and  in  the 
York  County  Academy.  Succeeding  this, 
he  engaged  in  teaching  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  county,  to  which  he  devoted 
himself  for  eight  years.  During  the  latter 
part  of  his  period  of  teaching  he  commen- 
ced the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Hon. 
George  W.  Heiges,  of  York,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Bar,  October  23,  1874.  Some 
years  after  his  admission,  Mr.  Trimmer  ac- 
quired a  large  general  law  practice,  but  at 
the  present  time  confines  himself  largely  to 
orphans'  court  business,  corporation  law 
and  real  estate.  He  is  solicitor  for  the  York 
Street  R.  R.  company,  counsel  for  the  Bal- 
timore &  Harrisburg  R.  R.  company.  East- 
ern Extension,  and  besides  is  acting  solici- 
tor and  counsel  for  a  number  of  other  com- 
panies and  corporations.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Philadelphia  Lawyers'  club,  and  also 


Engiaved  by  J.B.R'ce  5.  Sons.P 


''JJf^mm-mtft/ 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


of  a  similar  organization  in  the  city  of 
York. 

Aside  from  an  earnest  and  praiseworthy 
devotion  to  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
Mr.  Trimmer  has  always  taken  an  active 
interest  in  the  material  enterprises  and 
projects  benefitting  his  city  or  county.  He 
was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  West  End 
Improvement  Company,  which  has  been  a 
powerful  factor  in  developing  and  beauti- 
fying the  suburban  districts  of  his  city.  He 
is  vice  president  of  the  York  Street  Rail- 
way Company,  in  which  he  is  also  a  stock- 
holder, secretary  of  the  York  Hotel  Com- 
pany and  large  holder  of  real  estate.,  city 
and  farming,  which  former  he  has  steadily 
improved. 

Mr.  Trimmer  has  always  been  a  staunch 
Republican  in  politics,  and  although  lo- 
cated in  a  district  strongly  Democratic,  he 
has  frequently  been  honored  with  nomina- 
tions for  public  official  positions,  and  has 
always  proved  a  strong  standard  bearer.  In 
1877  he  was  a  candidate  for  district  attor- 
ney; in  1881  his  party  placed  him  in  nomi- 
nation for  the  office  of  State  Senator  and  in 
1892  he  was  a  candidate  of  the  Republi- 
can party  for  Congress  in  opposition  to 
Hon.  F.  E.  Beltzhoover,  of  Carlisle,  Cum- 
berland county.  He  served  as  chairman  of 
the  Republican  county  committee  in  1879 
and  again  in  1884,  conducting  the  cam- 
paigns of  those  years  with  efficiency  and 
ability. 

Though  more  often  vanquished  than  vic- 
tor in  his  political  career,  yet  Mr.  Trimmer 
has  borne  defeat  with  fine  spirit,  conscious 
of  the  fact  that  the  difficulties  standing  in 
the  way  of  his  election  were  almost  insur- 
mountable. It  has  been  through  just  such 
persistent  opposition  as  that  evinced  by  Mr. 
Trimmer  that  the  Democratic  majority  in 
his  native  county  has  been  "reduced  to  a 
matter  merely  nominal.  He  has  been  a 
vigorous  and  intelligent  campaign  worker. 


a  speaker  of  much  force,  and  one  of  his 
party's  wisest  counselors. 

In  his  religious  predilections,  Mr.  Trim- 
mer is  an  Episcopalian,  while  he  also  holds 
membership  in  a  number  of  fraternal  or- 
ganizations, the  most  prominent  of  which 
are  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows 
and  Masons.  ' 

JO.  ALLEWALT,  president  of  the 
•  Penn  Milling  Company,  of  Hanover, 
York  county,  is  a  native  of  Adams 
county,  where  he  was  born  July  14,  1836, 
the  son  of  Solomon  and  Barbara  (HofT- 
man)  Allewalt.  He  is  of  German  origin. 
The  family  located  in  America  two  gener- 
ations previous  to  our  subject,  when  Ber- 
nard Allewalt,  his  paternal  grandfather, emi- 
grated from  Germany  to  America  and  lo- 
cated in  Adams  county.  Tliis  ancestor 
followed  farming. 

Solomon  Allewalt,  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject was  born  in  Adams  county,  secured 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
time  and  then  took  up  farming  as  his  occu- 
pation. His  farm  was  located  in  Berwick 
township  and  his  entire  life  was  spent  upon 
it.  He  was  one  of  the  most  prominent 
farmers  of  the  county  and  took  a  suffic- 
iently active  part  in  Whig  politics  to  secure 
his  election  to  local  offices,  beyond  which 
he  never  aspired.  In  religion  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Lutheran  church,  and  here, 
too,  he  was  active  and  held  offices.  His 
age  at  the  time  of  the  war  precluded  active 
military  service  and  he  remained  at  home 
as  a  member  of  the  reserve  known  as  the 
home  guards. 

He  married  Barbara,  a  daughter  of 
Michael  and  Barbara  Hofifman,  by  whom 
he  had  eight  children:  Peter,  John  Q.,  and 
George  W.,  Delia,  Amanda,  Harriet, 
Lydia,  and  Sarah.  Mr.  Allewalt  died  in 
1873  and  his  wife  in  1881. 

J.  Q.  Allewalt  received  his  education  in 


25 


382 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


the  common  schools  of  Berwick  township, 
Adams  county,  and  for  several  years  after 
engaged  in  the  profession  of  teaching.  He 
then  acquired  the  trade  of  carpenter,  fol- 
lowed that  five  years  and  then  engaged 
for  a  similar  period  in  farming  near  Gettys- 
burg, Adams  county.  He  then  went  to 
Baltimore  and  engaged  in  the  commission 
business,  which  he  followed  for  twenty-one 
years  and  abandoned  it  in  1889  to  come  to 
Hanover  as  a  manager  of  the  Penn  Milling 
company.  Subsequently  he  became  a  di- 
rector and  then  president  of  the  company. 

Mr.  Allewalt  has  led  a  rather  active  life 
since  coming  to  Hanover.  He  has  be- 
come identified  with  many  of  its  leading 
interests  and  besides  his  connection  with 
the  Penn  Milling  Company  is  a  director  of 
the  People's  Bank,  of  Hanover,  and  served 
in  a  similar  capacity  on  the  board  of  the 
Electric  Light  company.  His  activity  is 
not  confined  to  the  btisiness  interests  of 
Hanover,  however,  for  he  manifests  a  com- 
mendable spirit  toward  the  moral  and  spir- 
itual welfare  of  the  town  and  is  superin- 
tendent of  St.  Matthew's  Lutheran  Sunday 
school  and  a  member  and  ex-official  of  the 
congregation.  Mr.  Allewalt  takes  an  in- 
telligent part  in  politics  as  a  member  of  the 
Republican  party.  His  fraternal  affilia- 
tions are  confined  to  Hanover  Lodge,  No. 
327,  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows. 

May,  1859,  he  married  Lauranda  Crist, 
a  daughter  of  Michael  and  Mary  Crist,  by 
whom  he  has  had  two  children,  Emma  and 
Lillie,  one  deceased.  Lillie  is  still  living 
and  is  the  wife  of  Charles  Sebright. 

CAPT.  JOSEPH  G.  VALE,  of  Carlisle, 
Pennsylvania,  is  the  son  of  Elisha 
and  Edith  (Griffith)  Vale,  both  residents  of 
York  county,  and  was  born  June  27,  1837. 
The  Vales  are  of  English  descent.  Rob- 
ert Vale,  the  great-grandfather  of  Joseph, 
was  born  in  London,  England.       He  was 


the  youngest  son  of  a  Protestant  family 
who  spelled  their  name  Veale.  From 
what  is  known  of  him  he  was  a  highly  ed- 
ucated man  and  a  graduate  of  Oxford 
University,  in  England.  While  yet  a  young 
man  he  joined  the  Society  of  Friends  and 
emigrated  to  America  September  17,  1744. 
He  located  in  York  county,  where  he 
bought  a  piece  of  land,  parts  of  which  are 
located  in  the  present  townships  of  Fair- 
view,  Warrington  and  Washington.  After 
locating  he  married  Sarah  Buller,  of  War- 
rington township.  From  that  time  on  he 
followed  farming,  teaching  and  surveying 
and  was  the  first  person  to  hold  the  office 
of  constable  in  Warrington  township. 

To  this  union  with  Sarah  Buller  were 
born  four  sons  and  one  daughter:  Robert 
married  Sarah  Cook.  Anna  married  Abel 
Walker  and  had  a  large  family.  Joshua 
married  Elizabeth  Cleaver.  John  was  first 
married  to  Deborah  Thomas  and  afterward 
to  Deborah  Griffith,  nee  McMillian.  Wil- 
liam Vale,  the  second  son  of  Elisha  Vale 
and  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  born 
on  the  homestead,  near  Mt.  Top,  York 
county,  November  22,  1754.  He  married 
Ann  Wetherald  January  15,  1778,  at  War- 
rington meeting,  and  died  January  5,  1834, 
at  his  birth  place.  He  is  buried  in  the 
grave  yard  adjoining  the  old  Quaker  meet- 
ing house,  in  Warrington  township,  where 
all  his  brothers  except  John  and  his  only 
sister,  repose.  William  Vale  was  in  his 
day  a  farmer  and  school  teacher  and  was 
a  very  active  member  of  the  society  of 
Friends.  He  was  twice  married,  his  first 
wife  being  Ann  Wetherald,  who  was  of 
Irish  parentage,  and  came  from  county 
Armagh,  Ireland.  To  this  union  was 
born  a  large  family,  many  of  whom  died 
young.  Sarah  died  single  in  1863.  Isaac, 
Lydia  and  Joseph  died  young.  Hannah 
married  Samuel  England  and  left  an  issue. 
Ann  married  Jeddiah  Hussey  and  left  issue. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


383 


John,  Maud,  Lydia,  Garrettson.  Mary  mar- 
ried Uriah  Greist.  Phoebe  married  Eli 
Cooksin.      All  these  left  issue. 

Elisha,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was 
born  on  the  old  homestead  January  21, 
1788,  and  died  in  Latimore  township, 
Adams  county.  May  27,  1855.  Like  his 
fathers  before  him  he  followed  surveying, 
teaching  and  farming  and  for  many  years 
was  superintendent  of  the  York,  Susque- 
hanna and  Baltimore  Turnpike  Company. 
He  was  an  active  member  in  the  Society 
of  Friends.  December  27,  1813,  he  mar- 
ried Martha,  a  daughter  of  Jacob  Kirk,  of 
York  county,  by  whom  he  had  eight  chil- 
dren. John  and  Maria  died  in  infancy. 
Jane  married  Robert  Raymond.  Ruth 
Ann  married  William  Raymond.  William 
E.  married  Mary  Skeels,and  is  living  near 
Mt.  Pleasant,  Jefferson  county,  Ohio.  Ann 
married  Jesse  Patterson.  After  the  death 
of  his  first  wife  Mr.  Vale  married  Edith 
Griffith,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Rebecca 
Griffith,  of  Warrington  township,  by  whom 
he  had  six  children:  Erastus,  Caroline,  Re- 
becca, Joseph  G.,  Guilielma  and  Josiah. 
Josiah  M.  is  an  attorney  of  Washington, 
D.  C,  and  has  one  son.  Guilielma,  now 
Mrs.  William  Spangler,  resides  in  Ross- 
ville,  York  county. 

Joseph  G.  Vale,  our  subject,  was  reared 
upon  the  farm  and  acquired  his  education 
in  the  common  schools  of  Adams  county 
and  at  White  Hall  Academy.  He  then 
taught  from  1854  until  1861,  when  the  out- 
break of  the  war  induced  him  to  become 
a  member  of  Company  K,  Seventh  Penn- 
sylvania Cavalry,  under  Col.  George  E. 
Wynkoop,  of  Pottsville,  Pennsylvania.  En- 
tering this  organization  as  a  lieutenant  he 
by  meritorious  service  won  promotion  to 
the  captaincy  of  Company  M,  May  I,  1863. 
In  the  battle  of  Gallatin,  Tennessee,  Sep- 
tember 21,  1863,  he  was  wounded  in  the 
left  leg  and  taken  prisoner.      He  remained 


in  confinement  for  a  few  weeks  and  then 
was  liberated  on  parole  and  sent  to  Ann- 
apolis, Maryland.  He  returned  to  his 
company  in  time  to  take  part  in  the  charge 
at  Stony  Run ,  Tennessee,  January  13, 
1863,  where  Bragg's  Army  was  defeated. 
He  fought  under  General  Rosecrans  and 
other  commanders  of  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland  in  the  memorable  engage- 
ments of  1863  and  1864,  which  preceded 
Sherman's  march  to  the  sea.  April  21, 
1863,  he  assisted  in  the  capture  of  McMinn- 
ville,  Tennessee,  where  he  received  a  saber 
wound  in  his  right  hand.  August  17,  1863, 
he  participated  in  an  attack  on  Foret's 
command  at  Sparta,  Tennessee,  in  which 
he  was  wounded  in  the  right  shoulder  by 
a  ball.  The  remainder  of  Capt.  Vale's 
military  record,  which  is  most  honorable 
and  illustrious,  and  shows  him  to  have  been 
a  gallant  and  able  soldier,  was  made  in  the 
memorable  advance  on  and  capture  of 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  in  1864,  under  General  Sher- 
man. September  26,  1864,  he  left  the 
army  by  reason  of  disability  and  returning 
home  engaged  in  teaching  in  White  Hall 
Academy  until  that  institution  became  a 
soldier's  orphan  school.  He  then  became 
a  member  of  the  faculty  upon  its  organiza- 
tion for  the  care  and  education  of  soldier's 
orphans.  In  1870  he  withdrew  and  resumed 
the  study  of  law,  which'^  the  war  had  inter- 
rupted and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Har- 
risburg  in  1871.  In  1872  he  came  to  Car- 
lisle and  has  practiced  his  profession  there 
ever  since.  Capt.  Vale  is  a  member  of  the 
Church  of  God  and  politically  is  a  staunch 
Republican.  He  is  a  member  of  Lodge 
301,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons;  Chap- 
ter Royal  Arch  Masons;  Capt.  Colwell 
Post  No.  201,  Grand  Army  of  the  Repub- 
lic, and  a  member  of  the  Society  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland. 

December  27,   1863,  while  at  home  re- 
cruiting,  he   married   Sarah,   daughter   of 


384 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Thomas  Eyster,  of  Camp  Hill,  Cumber- 
land county.  To  that  union  were  born: 
Thomas  E.,  a  graduate  of  Dickinson  Col- 
lege, now  attorney  at  law  in  Carlisle; 
Elisha  Mode,  a  graduate  of  Dickinson  Col- 
lege and  a  professor  of  languages;  Charles 
S.,  Robert  B.,  at  present  managing  editor 
of  the  New  York  division  of  the  Philadel- 
phia Press;  Ruby  R.,  professor  at  Milford 
Academy,  Milford,  Delaware;  Joseph,  who 
died  in  infancy,  and  Grace,  a  student  at 
Dickinson  College.  Mrs.  Sarah  Vale  died 
at  Carlisle  January  28,  1892,  aged  45  years. 
January  29,  1895,  Captain  Vale  married 
Annetta,  a  daughter  of  William  Sadler,  of 
Camp  Hill,  Cumberland  county. 

Beside  giving  active  attention  to  the 
practice  of  law,  Capt.  Vale  has  found  time 
to  enter  the  field  of  literature  and  has  writ- 
ten entertainingly  upon  a  number  of  sub- 
jects. Among  his  works  are  one  on  the 
history  of  the  Second  Calvary  Division  of 
the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  He  is  also 
the  author  of  "The  Enslavement  and  De- 
liverance of  the  Children  of  Israel,"  a  Sun- 
day school  work.  At  present  he  has  in 
manuscript  a  history  of  the  development 
of  life  as  shown  in  the  geological  forma- 
tion of  the  earth. 

DD.  EHRHART,  senior  member  of 
•  the  firm  of  Ehrhart,  Conrad  &  Co., 
of  Hanover,  York  county,  was  born  in 
Shrewsbury  township,  York  county,  Feb- 
ruary 13,  1849,  the  son  of  Henry  and  Julia 
(Diehl)  Ehrhart.  The  Ehrharts,  as  the 
name,  presumably  "heart  of  honor,"  indi- 
cates, are  of  German  origin. 

William  Ehrhart,  the  paternal  grand- 
father of  D.  D.  Ehrhart,  was  born  in  York 
township,  near  the  town  of  York  and 
farmed  during  his  entire  life.  In  politics 
he  was  a  Democrat,  and  in  religion  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Lutheran  church,  the  nearest 
congregation  of  which  was  in  the  town  of 


York,  and  it  was  to  that  place  that  William 
Ehrhart  went,  summer  and  winter,  to  at- 
tend worship.  Soon  after  attaining  his 
majority  he  married,  taking  as  his  wife 
Nellie  Runk,  a  daughter  of  John  Runk,  by 
whom  he  had  six  children:  Emanuel, 
Henry,  Marie,  William,  Louisa  and  Eliza. 

'Henry  Ehrhart,  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  born  during  the  residence  of  the 
family  in  Shrewsbury  township,  and  was 
reared  upon  his  father's  farm.  After  at- 
tending the  rural  schools  and  securing  an 
education,  which  in  those  days  required 
the  perfecting  influence  of  experience  to 
render  it  useful, except  in  the  most  ordinary 
callings,  he  learned  the  trade  of  carpenter 
and,  in  connection  with  farming,  engaged 
in  that  occupation  throughout  life.  Al- 
though the  Ehrharts  were  bred  Demo- 
crats, Henry  Ehrhart  became  a  member  of 
the  Republican  party,  and  the  fact  that  he 
held  local  offices  is  evidence  of  his  activity 
in  public  affairs.  He  grew  up  a  member 
of  the  Lutheran  church  and  took  an  active 
part  in  its  afifairs,  for  many  years  holding 
the  various  church  offices  in  the  congrega- 
tion of  which  he  was  a  member. 

In  1848  he  married  Julia,  a  daughter  of 
Adam  and  Catharine  Diehl,  who  became 
the  mother  of  our  subject  and  five  other 
children:  Charles,  Samuel,  Louisa,  wife  of 
H.  A.  Young;  Elsie,  wife  of  W.  D.  Bort- 
ner,  and  Millian  Ann,  wife  of  John  Bowin. 
Mr.  Ehrhart  died  in  1877,  his  wife  still  sur- 
vives. 

Daniel  D.  Ehrhart  spent  his  earlier  years 
on  his  father's  farni  in  Shrewsbury  town- 
ship and  secured  his  education  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  the  Shrewsbury  Academy. 
He  left  school  at  an  early  age  and  worked 
for  a  few  years  on  a  farm.  At  the  age  of 
nineteen  he  entered  upon  the  profession 
of  teaching  and  for  six  years  taught  in  the 
schools  of  York  county.  He  then  located 
in  Hanover  and  engaged  in  the  retail  gro- 


Nin:eteenth  Congressional  District. 


385 


eery  business,  which  in  1883  was  enlarged 
into  a  wholesale  business  now  conducted 
by  the  firm  of  Ehrhart,  Conrad  &  Com- 
pany. Since  his  location  in  Hanover  Mr. 
Ehrhart  has  risen  to  prominence  in  that 
town,  partly  through  his  business  relations 
and  partly  through  his  activity  in  politics 
and  public  affairs.  He  is  a  Republican 
and  votes  at  every  election.  For  eight  years 
he  was  a  member  of  the  school  board  of 
Elanover.  At  present  he  is  a  trustee  of 
St.  Matthew's  church  and  teacher  in  the 
St.  Matthew's  Lutheran  Sunday  school  and 
an  active  member  of  the  congregation  of 
the  same  church.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Hanover  Building  and  Loan  Association 
and  has  done  much  to  make  that  institu- 
tion a  success.  Mr.  Ehrhart  is  connected 
\nth  three  of  the  secret  societies  of  Han- 
over, being  a  member  of  McCallister 
Council,  No.  980,  Royal  Arcanum;  of 
Washington  Camp,  Patriotic  Sons  of 
America;  and  of  Minnewaukuri  Tribe 
No.  250,  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men.  Mr. 
Ehrhart  is  one  of  the  most  popular  men  of 
Hanover  and  has  attained  the  esteem  of 
his  fellow  townsmen  not  only  through  his 
business,  fraternal,  religious  and  civic  asso- 
ciations but  through  that  display  of  enter- 
prise and  energy  which  has  done  so  much 
to  encourage  the  growth  of  the  town  and 
foster  the  splendid  civic  spirit  for  which 
Hanover  people  are  noted.  Once  the 
able  and  experienced  teacher,  he  is  now 
the  superior  and  trained  man  of  business. 
In  his  personality  he  is  agreeable,  his  in- 
tegrity is  conceded  and  his  character  and 
reputation  are  alike  of  a  high  order. 

February  11,  1872,  Mr.  Ehrhart  married 
Martha,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  A.  and  Delia 
Frey,  of  York,  by  whom  he  has  had  four 
children:  Harry  Samuel  and  Robert  Leroy 
living,  and  Alma  B.  and  Donald  Frey,  de- 
ceased. 


J  LAWRENCE  WILLIAMS,  a  promi- 
•  nent  young  attorney  of  Gettysburg, 
was  born  Nov.  19,  1869,  at  Gettys- 
burg, the  son  of  M.  F.  and  Sarah  (Utz) 
Williams.  He  is  of  Welsh  ancestry  on  his 
father's  side  and  German  on  his  mother's 

About  the  year  1680  three  Williams 
brothers  emigrated  from  Wales  to  America. 
One  settled  in  New  York,  one  in  Chester 
county,  Penna.,  and  the  other  in  South 
Carolina.  Lawrence  Williams  is  a  de- 
scendant of  the  New  York  branch  of  the 
family.  His  paternal  great-grandfather, 
John  Williams,  was  born  in  Vermont; 
his  maternal  great-grandfather  was  Robert 
Meader.  John  Williams,  his  paternal 
grandfather,  was  a  sea  captain  and 
was  lost  with  his  vessel  on  Lake  Michigan 
when  he  was  about  50  years  of  age.  His 
children  were  Charlotte,  Josephine,  Law- 
rence, Hallock,  Marion  F.  and  John.  The 
first  three  boys  served  in  New  York  regi- 
ments during  the  civil  war,  Hallock  and 
Marion  F.  being  wounded. 

Marion  F.  Williams,  the  father  of  our 
subject,  was  born  at  Plattsburg,  New  York 
in  1844.  He  received  a  common  school 
education  which  he  supplemented  by  a 
course  in  the  Commercial  College  at  Bing- 
hamton,  N.  Y.  Before  he  could  engage 
in  any  profession  or  pursuit,  however,  the 
war  broke  out  and  he  enlisted  in  the  i6th 
New  York  Infantry  regiment,  taking  part 
in  thirteen  hard  fought  battles,  beginning 
with  the  first  at  Bull  Run,  and  was 
wounded  seven  times  at  Gaines'  Mill  June 
27th,  1862.  After  his  discharge  from  the 
hospital  he  secured  a  clerkship  in  the  War 
Department  at  Washington  and  served 
until  July,  1863,  when  he  was  appointed 
ambulance  driver  for  the  Gettysburg  cam- 
paign, and  was  then  recalled  to  his  clerk- 
ship from  which  he  was  discharged  for  par- 
ticipating in  a  McClellan — his  corps  com- 
mander— parade  during  the  political  cam- 


386 


BlOGRAPHICAt  AND  PORTRAIT  CyCLOPEdIA. 


paign  of  1864.  He  was  then  appointed 
a  war  postmaster  and  served  at  the  "drafted 
rendezvous"  at  Gallop's  Island,  off  the 
Massachusetts  coast,  at  Hartford,  Conn., 
and  at  New  Haven,  Conn.  Upon  his  re- 
tirement from  the  Government  service  he 
located  at  Gettysburg,  Penna.,  and  has 
lived  there  ever  since,  farming  and  com- 
pounding patent  medicines.  In  politics 
he  is  a  Democrat  and  has  held  township 
offices.  In  religion  he,  as  also  his  wife,  is 
a  member  of  the  German  Baptist  Brethern 
(Dunkard)  faith. 

On  September  17th,  1865,  he  married 
Sarah,  a  daughter  of  Henry  and  Margaret 
(Cocley)  Utz,  and  to  that  union  have  been 
born  thirteen  children:  Harry  G.,  Marion 
F.,  Jr.,  J.  Lawrence,  Charles  A.,  Maud  B., 
Emory  C,  Ada  A.,  Annie  M.,  Maurice  E., 
Samuel  U.,  Efifie  G.,  Amos  E.  and  Meader. 

J.  Lawrence  Williams,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  graduated  from  the  Gettysburg 
High  School,  and  after  receiving  private 
lessons,  took  an  academic  course  in  Penn- 
sylvania College,  Gettysburg.  Having 
chosen  law  as  his  profession  he  began  read- 
ing under  J.  A.  Kitzmiller,  Esq.,  a  well- 
known  Gettysburg  attorney,  and  after  fin- 
ishing his  legal  studies  as  required  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  Adams  county  April 
12,  1892.  Mr.  Williams  has  already  won 
for  himself  a  prominent  place  at  the  bar 
and  in  Adams  county  politics.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Democratic  party,  and  is 
serving  his  second  year  as  secretary  of  the 
Democratic  county  committee.  He  is 
president  of  the  Magnolia — social — club 
at  Gettysburg.  Not  the  least  valuable  of 
Mr.  Williams'  experiences  was  his  connec- 
tion for  two  years  as  assistant  editor  of  the 
Gettysburg  Compiler,  a  leading  Demo- 
cratic weekly  of  the  Nineteenth  Congres- 
sional District. 

In  religion  Mr.  Williams  is  a  member 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church. 


HON.  STEPHEN  G.  BOYD,  promi- 
nent in  York  county  as  an  educa- 
tor, jouralist  and  lawyer,  well-known  in 
tlie  State  as  a  legislator  and  now  an  ac- 
cepted authority  on  Indian  local  names,  is 
the  gentleman,  whose  name  heads  this 
sketch. 

He  is  probably  best  known  as  the  origi- 
nal projector  and  one  of  the  most  active 
promoters  of  the  York  Southern  railroad. 
Stephen  G.  Boyd  is  a  son  of  John  C.  and 
Martha  (Farmer)  Boyd,  and  was  born  in 
Peach  Bottom  township,  York  county,  Pa., 
December  6,  1830.  The  Boyds  are  of 
Scotch-Irish  origin  and  the  Pennsylvania 
branch  of  the  family  was  founded  by  Sam- 
uel Boyd,  who  married  Margaret  Campbell 
in  county  Antrim,  Ireland,  and  in  1736, 
settled  at  Chestnut  Level,  in  Lancaster 
county,  where  he  followed  farming.  He 
reared  a  large  family  and  one  of  his  sons, 
Samuel,  Jr.,  served  in  the  Revolutionary 
war,  while  another  son,  John,  who  was 
born  in  Ireland,  wedded  Alice  Cooper,  by 
whom  he  had  several  sons  and  daughters. 
Pie  spent  his  life  as  a  Lancaster  farmer. 
His  son,  'Squire  John  Boyd,  was  a  justice 
of  the  peace  for  many  years  in  Peach  Bot- 
tom district,  York  county,  and  died  Oc- 
tober 23rd,  1831.  He  married  Nancy 
Sample,  daughter  of  Cunningham  Sample, 
of  Welsh  origin  and  a  wealthy  farmer 
of  Peach  Bottom  township,  York  county, 
and  reared  a  family  of  two  sons  and  five 
daughters.  The  sons  were  Stephen,  who 
died  in  1854,  and  John  C,  who  was  born 
May  10,  1798,  in  Peach  Bottom  township, 
where  he  lived  the  life  of  a  farmer  and  died 
in  1873.  John  C.  Boyd  wedded  Martha 
Farmer,  who  passed  away  October  14, 1882. 
She  was  a  daughter  of  Richard  Farmer,  a 
native  of  Shropshire,  England,  and  a  thrifty 
farmer  of  Harford  county,  Maryland.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Boyd  had  several  children,  among 
them  Stephen  G.,  George,  William,  a  law- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


387 


yer,  who  died,  in  1873;  Nathaniel  W.,  an 
inventor;  John  C,  George  W.,  and  Jane. 
Stephen  G.  Boyd,  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  was  born  in  Peach  Bottom  town- 
ship, on  the  sixth  day  of  December,  1830, 
and  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm,  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  common 
schools,  a  York  private  school,  Bryansville 
and  Whitehall  academies,  and  the  Millers- 
ville  State  Normal  school,  which  latter 
was,  at  that  time,  under  the  charge  of  Hon. 
James  Pyle  Wickersham.  At  22  years  of 
age  he  commenced  teaching,  which  he  fol- 
lowed for  fourteen  years,  being  employed 
first  in  the  common  schools  and  afterward 
as  principal  of  the  Wrightsville,  Pa., 
schools,  and  as  associate  principal,  with 
Professor  S.  B.  Heiges,  of  a  Summer  Nor- 
mal school,  at  York,  Pa.  In  1866,  Mr. 
Boyd  was  elected  by  the  Democrats  to  rep- 
resent York  county  in  the  legislature,  and 
in  the  session  of  1867  took  an  active  part 
in  the  educational  legislation  of  the  State. 
He  framed  and  secured  the  passage  of  the 
bill  incorporating  the  York  and  Chance- 
ford  Turnpike  Company,  of  which  he  served 
as  a  director  for  several  years.  He  also 
sat  in  the  legislature  of  1868,  and  framed 
and  secured  the  passage  of  the  bill  incor- 
porating the  Peach  Bottom,  now  York 
Southern  Railroad  Company,  whose  or- 
ganization he  assisted  in  bringing  about 
in  1871.  He  served  as  president  of  this 
road  from  its  organization  until  1877, 
when  he  went  to  Maryland  and  helped  to 
organize  the  company  which  built  the 
present  railroad  from  Delta,  York  county, 
to  Baltimore,  and  remained  with  that 
company  until  it  went  into  the  hands  of  a 
receiver  in  the  autumn  of  1884,  serving  in 
tlie  capacity  of  general  superintendent  and 
general  freight  and  ticket  agent.  Return- 
ing home  he  devoted  his  time  to  literary 
and  educational  work  at  York,  where  he 
published  his  work  entitled  "Indian  Local 


Names,"  which  is  the  largest  collection  of 
Indian  local  names  and  their  signification 
that  has  yet  been  given  to  the  public.  Two 
years  later  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the 
York  Gazette,  which  he  edited  until  1890, 
when  he  disposed  of  his  interest  to  take  up 
the  study  of  law  which  he  prosecuted  suc- 
cessfully. He  was  admitted  to  the  York 
county  bar  in  February,  1893,  and  has 
practiced  actively  ever  since. 

On  December  nth,  1856,  Mr.  Boyd 
married  Rebecca  M.  Powers,  who  was  a 
daughter  of  Robert  Powers,  of  Lancaster 
city,  and  died  May  16,  1876,  leaving  three 
children:  Guy  H.,  of  the  firm  of  Dale, 
Hart  &  Company;  Stephen,  of  Pittsburg; 
and  Jennie  A.,  a  teacher.  For  his  second 
wife  Mr.  Boyd  on  July  28,  1880,  wedded 
Mrs.  Ozella  L.  Hodnett,  of  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  a  daughter  of  Alfred  T.  Pettit. 

In  politics  Mr.  Boyd  has  uniformly  been 
a  Democrat,  but  gives  most  of  his  time 
to  his  professional  labors  and  to  other 
allied  projects.  During  the  period  of  his 
struggle  to  secure  the  construction  of  the 
York  Southern  Railroad  he  was  elected 
county  superintendent  and  served  in  that 
capacity  from  1869  to  1872.  His  admin- 
istration was  marked  for  the  beneficial  re- 
sults accruing  to  an  intelligent  and  judi- 
cious superintendency.  During  his  in- 
cumbency Manheim  township,  in  York 
county,  accepted  the  free  school  system, 
the  city  schools  of  York  were  reorganized 
and  their  courses  of  study  expanded  and 
a  general  institute  system  adopted  through- 
out York  county.  Mr.  Boyd  is  a  mem- 
ber of  no  church,  but  holds  to  the  teach- 
ings and  general  freedom  of  Unitarianism. 
Active,  energetic  and  useful,  he  fittingly 
represents  the  great  race  from  which  he 
sprung.  He  possesses  unusual  vigor,  both 
physical  and  mental,  and  is  noted  for  his 
capacity  to  dispatch  professional  or  other 
business.       A  writer  who  is  well  qualified 


BlOGRAPHICAI,  AND  PORTRAIT  CYCLOPEDIA. 


to  speak  says:  "The  citizens  of  York 
county  give  to  Mr.  Boyd  the  credit  of  being 
the  originator  of  this  enterprise  (speaking 
of  the  York  Southern  Railroad),  and  they 
feel  that  for  the  good  work  he  accom- 
plished by  which  the  older  generation  re- 
ceived untold  benefit,  and  the  younger  will 
have  greater  opportunities  afforded  them, 
he  will  live  in  the  hearts  of  a  grateful  peo- 
ple as  long  as  they  survive." 

CHARLES  I.  NES,  a  prominent  busi- 
ness man  of  York,  is  a  descendant 
of  one  of  the  original  and  most  influential 
families  of  York  county  and  is  of  German 
extraction.  Tlie  family  located  in  York 
county  in  pre-Revolutionary  times,  when 
twin  brothers  emigrated  from  Germany  and 
came  to  this  country,  the  one  settling  in 
York  and  the  other  in  the  southern  end  of 
the  county.  From  the  former  of  these 
brothers  Dr.  Henry  Nes,  the  grandfather 
of  our  subject,  descended.  The  doctor 
was  a  native  of  York,  where  he  was  born 
in  1799.  His  parents  gave  him  a  liberal 
education  in  the  best  schools  of  the  day; 
and  having  decided  to  enter  professional 
life,  he  studied  medicine  at  Jefiferson  Med- 
ical College,  Philadelphia,  graduated  from 
that  institution  and  began  to  practice  in 
York.  His  tastes  and  talents  were,  how- 
ever, for  politics,  and  he  gave  as  much  of 
his  time  as  he  could  spare  from  the  active 
prosecution  of  his  profession,  to  the  pur- 
suit of  public  and  party  affairs.  In  this 
way  he  became  one  of  the  most  prominent 
citizens  and  political  leaders  of  Southern 
Pennsylvania.  The  Congressional  dis- 
trict of  which  York  county  was  then  a  part 
\\/as  strongly  Democratic;  but  despite  this 
circumstance.  Dr.  Nes  became  an  aspirant 
for  the  seat  to  which  it  was  entitled  in  the 
National  House  of  Representatives,  and, 
as  an  independent,  defeated  Dr.  Alexander 
Small,  his  Democratic  opponent,  by  over 


six  hundred  votes.  He  served  in  the  28th 
Congress  from  December  4th,  1843,  to 
March  3,  1845.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Thirtieth  Congress  as  a  Whig,  and  was  re- 
elected to  the  31st  Congress  by  a  slightly 
increased  majority,  defeating  J.  B.  Danner, 
the  Democratic  candidate.  Dr.  Nes  served 
in  these  Congresses  from  December  6, 
1847,  to  December  10,  1850,  when  he  died 
in  York.  He  was  a  personal  friend  and 
great  admirer  of  Thaddeus  Stevens,  Daniel 
Webster  and  John  Q.  Adams.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
when  the  latter  received  a  stroke  of  apo- 
plexy and  fell  from  his  chair;  and  was  one 
of  his  attendant  physicians  in  the  illness 
which  led  up  to  his  death.  The  doctor 
was  a  man  of  remarkable  popularity  and  at- 
tractive personality,  to  both  of  which  attri- 
butes he  owed  in  a  great  measure  his  elec- 
tions to  Congress.  He  enjoyed  the  dis- 
tmction  of  being  the  only  Whig  who  ever 
represented  this  district  at  Washington. 
His  wife  was  Elizabeth,  a  daughter  of  Ben- 
jamin Weiser,  and  was  born  January  19, 
1806;  died  April  29,  1845.  They  had  two 
sons  and  three  daughters:  Chas.  M.,  Ara- 
bella, Frederick  F.,  Margaret  and  Ada  E. 
Frederick  F.  Nes,  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  born  in  York  on  October  23, 
1832,  and  died  there  July  2,  1879.  He 
was  educated  at  the  York  County  Acad- 
emy and  at  the  United  States  Military 
Academy  at  West  Point,  New  York.  After 
resigning  from  the  latter  institution,  he 
v^as  assigned  to  the  United  States  coast 
survey,  attaining  the  rank  of  captain  in  the 
navy,  and  was  connected  with  that  bureau 
all  his  life.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war,  he  was  the  second  ofificer  in  the  Uni- 
ted States  civil  service  to  volunteer  his  ser- 
vices to  the  Government  for  military  duty 
and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  a 
blockading  vessel.  Before  he  could  as- 
sume  command,   however,   sickness   inter- 


^^^^^^.^  .^£^ 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


389 


vened  and  prevented  him  from  serving  as 
he  had  volunteered.  He  was  then  assigned 
to  the  United  States  Secret  service  and  was 
stationed  at  Key  West,  Florida.  He  mar- 
ried Agnes,  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Fulton, 
a  native  of  Ireland  who  had  settled  in  Bal- 
timore in  the  early  part  of  the  19th  cen- 
tury and  had  built  and  successfully  con- 
ducted the  cotton  works  at  Phoenix, 
Mount  Washington  and  Baltimore.  To 
that  union  were  born  nine  children,  six  of 
whom  died  in  infancy  and  one  in  maturer 
years.  Those  living  are  our  subject  and 
his  sister  Agnes  Fulton,  wife  of  Robert  F. 
Irvine,  of  Zanesville,   Ohio. 

Charles  I.  Nes  was  born  at  York,  Jan- 
uary 25,  1863.  He  received  his  educa- 
tion at  the  York  Collegiate  Institute,  being 
one  of  the  first  students  to  enter  this  insti- 
tution at  its  opening,  from  which  he  grad- 
uated at  the  age  of  sixteen,  in  the  class  of 
'79.  Having  very  practical  ideas,  he  learned 
the  carpenter  trade  and  then  taught  for  a 
time,  though  not  with  the  intention  of  fol- 
lowing either  of  those  callings  perma- 
nently. He  served  one  season  in  the  United 
States  coast  and  geodetic  survey  doing 
primary  triangulation  in  New  York  State. 
In  1882  he  became  bookkeeper  and  cashier 
with  the  Billmyer  &  Small  lumber  com- 
pany and  continued  in  the  service  of  that 
firm  for  three  years.  He  then  clerked  in 
the  York  National  Bank  for  a  year,  af- 
ter which  he  connected  himself  with  John 
C.  Schmidt,  under  the  firm  name  of  John 
C.  Schmidt  &  Company,  and  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  chains.  The  business 
was  continued  for  three  years,  Mr.  Nes 
serving  as  managing  member  of  the  firm. 
At  the  end  of  that  time  the  partnership 
was  dissolved  and  each  member  of  the 
firm  established  a  manufacturing  plant  of 
his  own.  Mr.  Nes  associated  with  him- 
self his  brother,  David  S.,  who  had  been  an 
ensign  in  the  United  States  navy,  but  who 


retired  on  account  of  ill  health  and  died 
August  14,  1893,  in  New  Mexico.  The 
business  is  conducted  under  the  limited 
title  of  Nes  Chain  Manufacturing  com- 
pany. Mr.  Nes  is  a  director  in  the  Se- 
curity Title  and  Trust  company;  vice  pres- 
ident of  the  Central  Market  company;  vice 
president  of  the  York  Milling  company, 
and  a  director  of  the  York  Southern  Rail- 
way. He  is  past  master  of  York  Lodge, 
No.  266,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons;  High 
Priest  of  Howell  Chapter,  No.  199,  Royal 
Arch  Masons,  and  Generalissimo  in  Geth- 
semane  Commandery,  No.  75,  Knights 
Templar. 

June  6,  1893,  he  married  Lucy  D.,  a 
daughter  of  J.  A.  Brown,  D.  D.,  LL.  D., 
deceased,  late  president  of  Gettysburg 
Theological  Seminary.  They  have  one 
child,  Mary  E. 

REV.  PIENRY  N.  FEGLEY,  of  Me- 
chanicsburg,  Pennsylvania,  is  the 
son  of  Stephen  and  Levina  (Neidig)  Feg- 
ley,  and  was  born  near  Boyertown,  Berks 
county,  Pennsylvania,  on  November  i8th, 
1848. 

The  family  is  an  old  one  in  Berks 
county,  his  great-grandfather,  a  German, 
having  located  in  that  county  in  its  early 
history.  He  was  an  agriculturalist  and  a 
devout  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 
Peter  Fegley,  grandfather  of  Rev.  Henry, 
was  likewise  a  native  of  Berks  county,  a 
farmer  by  occupation  and  a  consistent 
member  of  the  Lutheran  Church.  Stephen 
Fegley,  father  of  our  subject,  like  his  pred- 
ecessors, was  also  a  native  and  farmer  of 
the  same  county  and  a  member  of  the  same 
church.  He  died  September  1st,  1885, 
where  he  had  lived  a  number  of  years,  in 
Montgomery  county,  aged  sixty-two  years. 
He  was  twice  married,  his  first  wife  being 
Levina  Neidig,  daughter  of  Conrad  Nei- 
dig, of  Montgomery  county.       By  her  he 


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Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


had  three  children,  the  subject  and  Mes- 
dames  Sarah  Ackerman  and  Catharine 
Moyer.  His  second  wife  was  Mrs.  Leah 
Umstead. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared 
on  the  farm  until  he  was  nineteen  years  of 
age.  He  received  his  primary  education 
in  the  public  schools  and  then  attended 
Frederick  Institute  and  Boyertown  Acad- 
emy. In  1866  he  entered  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania,  at  Philadelphia,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  1869,  with  the 
degree  of  A.  B.  'He  then  entered  the 
Lutheran  Theological  Seminary,  of  Phil- 
adelphia, now  Mount  Airy  Theological 
Seminary,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1872,  receiving  also  the  degree  of  A.  M., 
September  2nd,  in  the  same  year,  from  his 
alma  mater,  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Immediately  upon  his  ordination  to  the 
holy  office  of  the  ministry  in  the  Lutheran 
Church,  by  the  Ministerium  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, he  moved  to  Mechanicsburg  and 
became  pastor  of  St.  Mark's  and  St.  John's 
parish.  He  filled  this  position  until  1896, 
v>hen  he  ceased  to  serve  St.  John's  charge 
and  retained  St.  Mark's,  which  was  but 
one  year  old  when  he  first  took  charge 
twenty-five  years  ago,  in  June,  1872.  He 
had  received  the  call  six  months  before  he 
had  completed  his  theological  education. 
In  1892  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of  mental 
and  moral  science  at  Irving  Female  Col- 
lege, in  Mechanicsburg.  In  1894  he  also 
became  professor  of  German  in  the  same 
institution.  He  has  for  the  last  sixteen 
years  been  a  regular  contributor  to  The 
Helper,  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  a  Sun- 
day school  teachers'  journal,  which  he  had 
to  relinquish  on  account  of  his  labors  in 
connection  with  the  college. 

On  April  13,  1885,  he  married  Belinda 
Cecilia  Reichard,  of  Allentown,  Pennsyl- 
vania,   by    whom    he    has    two    children: 


Charles  Krauth  and  Edith  Elizabeth,  both 
of  whom  are  now  pursuing  classical 
courses  of  study,  one  at  Muhlenberg  Col- 
\fge,  Allentown,  Pa.,  and  the  other  at  Irv- 
ing Female  College,  to  fit  them  for  some 
of  the  learned  professions. 

In  May,  1897,  he  celebrated,  in  St. 
Mark's  church,  Mechanicsburg,  the  double 
silver  jubilee  of  his  ordination  to  the  gos- 
pel ministry,  and  of  his  pastorate  in  St. 
Mark's. 

WILLIAM  S.  BOND,  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  Weaver  Organ  & 
Piano  Company,  of  York,  Pennsylvania, 
was  born  in  York,  May  9,  1863,  the  son  of 
William  H.  and  Elizabeth  (Slagle)  Bond, 
both  natives  of  York  county.  On  his 
father's  side  Mr.  Bond  is  of  Scotch  and 
Welsh,  and  on  his  mother's  side,  of  Ger- 
man, ancestry. 

William  H.  Bond,  in  his  younger  days 
was  a  popular  and  highly  esteemed  teacher 
in  the  rural  public  schools  nearby  York, 
and  after  teaching  for  several  years  opened 
a  general  merchandise  store  in  Bottstown, 
which  is  now  a  part  of  the  city  of  York. 
The  store  is  still  in  existence,  though  its 
owner,  Mr.  Bond,  has  passed  from  life,  and 
it  is  now  kept  by  one  of  his  sons,  Frank 
Bond.  Here  Mr.  Bond  resided  for  many 
years  and  his  store  became  a  popular  place 
among  the  farmers  from  the  section  north- 
west and  west  of  York  who  came  to  town 
to  attend  the  markets  and  at  the  same 
time  lay  in  a  store  of  household  supplies. 
They  made  it  a  distributing  place  for  their 
mail,  frequently  met  there  to  transact  bus- 
iness and  in  the  winter  evenings  it  became 
the  forum  where  the  local  philosophers 
met  for  an  interchange  of  views  and  the 
discussion  of  the  topics  of  the  day.  Mr. 
Bond,  the  proprietor,  was  one  of  those 
rare  kindly,  genial  and  unostentatious  men, 
who  have  almost  become  extinct  in  these 


Nin:eteenth  Congressional  District. 


391 


fin  de  siecle  days  of  business.  For  many 
years  he  served  as  superintendent  of  the 
Union  Lutheran  Sunday  school  and  as 
deacon  and  elder  in  the  congregation.  He 
was  also  leader  of  the  church  choir  and 
manifested  an  active  interest  in  everything 
that  pertained  to  religion,  especially  if  it 
affected  his  own  particular  faith  and 
church.  In  politics  Mr.  Bond  was  a  Re- 
publican, but  he  never  flaunted  his  opin- 
ions in  the  face  of  others  and  in  this  as  in 
all  other  relations  of  life  he  was  of  a  quiet, 
peaceful  nature.  In  1855  he  married  Eliza- 
beth, a  daughter  of  William  and  Elizabeth 
(Lichty)  Slagle,  of  West  Manchester  town- 
ship, by  whom  he  had  seven  children: 
Emma  J.,  became  the  wife  of  Charles  Len- 
hart,  D.  V.  S., of  Dover,  York  county.  Allen 
became  a  member  of  Bender,  Bond  &  Com- 
pany, one  of  the  leading  grain,  flour  and 
feed  firms  in  the  city  and  after  a  successful 
career  of  several  years  in  this  business  his 
useful  and  Christian  life  was  cut  short  By 
death,  at  the  age  of  thirty  years.  He  was 
a  young  man  of  noble  and  generous  quali- 
ties of  heart  and  mind  and  his  memory  is 
revered  by  all  who  knew  him.  Charles 
died  in  infancy.  Frank  clerked  in  his 
father's  store  until  the  time  of  the  latter's 
death,  when  the  business  was  transferred 
to  him  and  he  is  conducting  it  at  the  pres- 
ent time.  Luther  is  a  machinist  in  the 
employ  of  the  York  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany. Bertha  E.,  is  the  wife  of  John 
Rosenfield,  of  York. 

William  S.  Bond  attended  the  common 
schools  of  Bottstown,  where  he  obtained 
his  preliminary  education,  and  then  entered 
the  National  Normal  University,  at  Leb- 
anon, Ohio,  where  he  took  a  business 
course  and  graduated  in  1882.  Prior  to 
this  he  had  taught  school  two  terms  in 
York  county,  and  after  returning  from 
the  college,  at  Lebanon,  he  taught  another 
year  in  the  Bottstown  school.      After  qual- 


ifying himself  for  business  pursuits  he  be- 
came bookkeeper  for  the  York  Daily  Pub- 
lishing Company,  and  remained  in  the  em- 
ploy of  that  newspaper  for  two  years.  In 
partnership  with  J.  Wesley  Link,  Mr.  Bond 
then  went  into  the  piano,  organ  and  music 
business,  under  the  firm  name  of  Link  & 
Bond.  The  business  was  conducted  four 
\ears,  when  Mr.  Link's  death  occurred,  in 
1889,  and  for  two  years  subsequent  Mr. 
Bond  continued  the  business  alone.  About 
that  time  he  became  interested  in  the 
Weaver  Organ  &  Piano  Company  and  was 
made  treasurer  of  the  corporation.  After 
holding  that  office  for  five  years  he  be- 
came, in  addition,  the  company's  secretary 
and  has  held  both  positions  up  to  the  pres- 
ent time.  In  his  official  capacity  Mr. 
Bond  has  done  much  to  develop  the  com- 
pany's interest  and  to-day  there  is  prob- 
ably not  another  establishment  in  York 
whose  goods  enjoy  a  wider  geographical 
distribution  than  those  of  the  Weaver  Or- 
gan &  Piano  Company.  About  100  men  are 
employed  in  the  factory  and  from  2500  to 
3000  instruments  are  produced  annually. 
The  company  has  a  large  export  trade  to 
Europe,  South  Africa,  New  Zealand  and 
-Australia. 

Mr.  Bond  is  a  member  of  the  Union 
Lutheran  Church,  where  for  fifteen  years, 
he  has  been  organist  and  musical  director 
and  a  leading  member  of  the  congregation 
and  Sunday  school.  He  takes  an  active  in- 
terest in  religious  affairs  and  for  many 
years  has  been  connected  with  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association  and  its  work. 
This  organization  has  repeatedly  re- 
quired his  services  on  its  board  of 
directors  and  as  its  treasurer.  Mr.  Bond 
ir,  also  a  member  of  the  Weaver  Organ  & 
Piano  Company  Beneficial  Society,  an  or- 
ganization maintained  among  the  working 
men  both  for  fraternal  and  beneficial  pur- 
poses.      In     politics     he     is     a     Repub- 


392 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


lican,  but  exercises  his  right  of  opinion 
and  suffrage  so  as  to  respect  the  convic- 
tions of  others.  Personahy  he  is  modest, 
unassuming  and  agreeable.  His  mind  re- 
flects intelligence  and  his  heart  is  a  store 
house  of  domestic,  moral  and  Christian 
virtues. 

In  1888  Mr.  Bond  married  Sally  S.,  a 
daughter  of  Franklin  and  Mary  (Smyser) 
Loucks,  of  York.  Four  children  have  been 
born  to  that  union:  Walter  L.,  Urban  S., 
Mary  J.  and  Annie  E. 

J  ELMER  MUSSELMAN,  a  well- 
•  known  young  banker  of  Gettysburg, 
was  born  at  Fairfield,  Adams  county, 
March  28,  1882,  the  son  of  Adam  C.  and 
Lucinda  (Nunnemaker)  Musselman.  The 
Musselman's  are  of  German  origin. 

John  Musselman,  the  paternal  grand- 
father of  our  subject,  was  born  near  Fair- 
field, Adams  county,  and  received  a  com- 
mon school  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  neighborhood.  During  the  greater 
part  of  his  life  he  was  a  farmer.  Being  a 
man  of  intelligence  with  a  taste  for  politics 
he  became  prominent  in  public  affairs  and 
as  a  Whig  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  Legislature  from  Adams  county.  In 
leligion  he  was  a  member  of  the  Lutheran 
church,  an  active  Christian  and  a  man  of 
good  works.  He  married  Susan  M.,  a 
daughter  of  Adam  Myers,  by  whom  he  had 
two  sons  and  six  daughters:  Adam  C, 
Amos  S.,  Susan,  who  married  M.  P. 
Shields;  Mary  E.,  who  married  James  E. 
McCreary;  Laura,  who  married  E.  M. 
Yount;  Alice,  who  married  A.  S.  Sudler; 
Fannie,  deceased,  wife  of  Rev.  S.  E.  Smith, 
and  Amanda,  wife  of  Wilson  McCleary, 
both  deceased. 

Adam  C.  Musselman  was  born  at  Fair- 
field, Adams  county,  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
township  and  then  attended  Pennsylvania 


College  for  a  short  time.  After  complet- 
ing his  education  he  engaged  in  farming 
for  a  short  time  in  Hamilton  ban  township 
and  later  became  a  merchant  at  Fairfield. 
In  politics  he  was  a  Republican  and  as 
such  was  elected  for  five  consecutive  terms 
as  justice  of  the  peace  of  Hamiltonban 
township.  He  was  a  firm  follower  of 
Martin  Luther  and  as  a  member  of  the 
Fairfield  Lutheran  church  took  an  active 
part  in  religious  work  and  held  various 
church  offices.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  first 
of  the  Gettysburg  lodge,  and  later  by 
transfer  to  the  lodge  at  Fairfield. 

In  1859  he  married  Lucinda,  a  daughter 
of  John  and  Rebecca  Nunnemaker,  by 
whom  he  had  eleven  children,  only  five  of 
whom  are  living:  J.  Elmer,  Howard  A., 
Carry  L.,  Morris  M.  and  Alice.  The  others 
died  in  infancy.  Mr.  Musselman  lived 
until  December  9,  1892;  his  wife  is  still 
living  at  Gettysburg. 

J.  Elmer  Musselman  obtained  an  ordi- 
nary English  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Fairfield,  Pa.,  and  then  entered 
Pennsylvania  College,  at  Gettysburg, 
where  he  graduated  in  the  class  of  '83.  On 
the  21  St  of  March,  1884,  he  entered  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Gettysburg  as  a 
messenger,  from  which  position  he  was 
promoted  to  that  of  teller  and  has  been 
connected  with  the  institvUion  in  that  ca- 
pacity ever  since.  In  politics  he  is  a  Re- 
publican. He  was  elected  treasurer  of  the 
Gettysburg  school  board  in  1889,  and  held 
the  same  office  until  1897.  He  was  ap- 
pointed treasurer  of  the  Adams  County 
Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company  in  1896. 
Although  yet  a  young  man,  Mr.  Mussel- 
man is  numbered  with  the  leading  citizens 
of  Gettysburg.  He  is  a  man  of  energy 
and  has  worked  his  way  up  step  by  step 
in  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  com- 
munity, so  that  to-day  he  is  looked  upon 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


393 


as  one  of  the  most  substantial  citizens  of 
Gettysburg.  In  religion  he  is  a  devout 
and  consistent  member  of  the  Lutheran 
church. 

May  7,  1889,  Mr.  Musselman  married 
Euphemia,  a  daughter  of  Washington  C. 
and  Alice  Rogers,  of  Fairfield,  Adams 
county.  To  that  union  have  been  born 
four  children:  Roger,  Amos  S.,  Mary  R. 
and  Luther  K. 

EDWARD  J.  GARDNER,  a  young 
manufacturer  of  Carlisle,  is  the 
possessor  of  good  business  capacity  and 
has  had  a  successful  career.  He  was  born 
on  July  II,  1851,  the  son  of  Franklin  and 
Sarah  Jane  (Abrams)  Gardner.  Mr.  Gard- 
ner received  his  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Carlisle  and  at  Dickinson  Com- 
mercial College.  After  he  graduated  he 
took  a  very  practical  course  acquiring  a 
knowledge  of  the  business  in  which  he  later 
engaged,  by  learning  the  trade  of  machin- 
ist in  the  works  of  his  father,  operated  un- 
der the  firm  name  of  F.  Gardner  &  Com- 
pany. He  remained  in  the  employ  of 
this  firm  until  1880,  when  he  became  a 
partner  in  the  business  and  the  firm  name 
changed  to  F.  Gardner  &  Sons.  Mr. 
Gardner  was  by  this  time  thoroughly  ac- 
quainted with  the  business,  having  risen 
and  passed  through  all  grades  of  employ- 
ment in  the  works.  In  1871,  at  the  age 
of  twenty  he  became  foreman,  a  position 
which  he  held  until  1880  upon  becoming 
a  member  of  the  firm,  and  its  bookkeeper. 
In  1882  the  Gardners  organized  the  Car- 
lisle manufacturing  company,  of  which  he 
became  assistant  superintendent.  When 
his  father  retired  in  1884  he  assumed  the 
position  of  superintendent  for  the  company 
and  soon  after  was  made  treasurer,  thus 
coming  into  positions  which  he  held  until 
1887,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  the  posi- 
tion of  manager  of  the   Huntingdon  Car 


Manufacturing  works.  In  1884,  F.  Gard- 
ner &  Sons  organized  their  axle  works  and 
in  the  management  of  this  new  venture 
Mr.  Gardner  proceded  to  assume  an  active 
part  on  February  i,  1893.  He  resigned 
his  position  with  the  Huntingdon  company 
in  order  to  devote  himself  to  the  new  in- 
dustry and  from  his  close  attention  and 
wise  management  a  successful  and  flourish- 
ing business  has  resulted.  August  i, 
1896,  F.  Gardner,  the  senior  member,  re- 
tired and  the  firm  is  now  F.  Gardner's 
Sons.  A  further  evidence  of  Mr.  Gard- 
ner's position,  influence  and  popularity  in 
the  community  is  afforded  by  his  secret 
society  affiliations.  He  is  a  member  and 
Past  ]\Iaster  of  Cumberland  Star  Lodge, 
No.  197,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  a 
Past  High  Priest  of  St.  John's  Chapter,  No. 
171,  Royal  Arch  Masons,  Past  Eminent 
Commander  of  Commandery,  No.  65,  K. 
T.,  of  Huntingdon,  Pa.,  a  member  of  True 
Friends  Lodge,  No.  56,  Knights  of  Pyth- 
ias, of  Carlisle,  and  a  member  and  Past 
Grand  of  Carlisle  Lodge,  No.  91,  of  Odd 
Fellows.  Politically  Mr.  Gardner  is  an 
enthusiastic  and  firm  believer  in  the  prin- 
ciples of  the  Republican  party.  Relig- 
iously he  is  firmly  inclined  to  the  Pres- 
byterian faith  and  is  a  member  of  the  Sec- 
ond church. 

His  wife  was  Harriet  Lindsay,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Alexander  Lindsay,  of  Carlisle 
They  were  married  December  2,  i875>  and 
have  two  daughters:  Bessie  Lindsay  and 
Sarah  Bell. 

CHARLES  J.  DELONE,  a  promi- 
nent j'oung  attorney  of  the  York 
county  bar,  is  a  native  of  Hanover,  York 
county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  born 
February  9,  1863,  the  son  of  Joseph  and 
Maria  (Hilt)  Delone. 

The  Delones  are  of  French  origin  and 
emigrated    to    this    country    from    Alsace 


394 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


about  1748.  The  earlier  members  of  the 
family  located  in  Lancaster  county  and 
subsequently  Nicholas  Delone  removed  to 
and  located  in  Paradise  township,  York 
county,  where,  on  a  large  tract  of  land 
which  he  took  up,  Peter  Delone,  the  pa- 
ternal grandfather  of  our  subject,  was 
born.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
subscription  schools  of  the  neighborhood 
and  throughout  life  followed  the  occupa- 
tion of  farmer  and  stone  mason.  In  pol- 
itics he  was  a  Whig  and  in  religion  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Roman  Catholic  church.  He 
married  a  Miss  Leib,  who  died  in  1855,  ^ 
year  previous  to  his  own  death.  They 
had  seven  children:  Henry,  Joseph,  Peter, 
Lewis,  Elizabeth,  who  became  the  wife  of 
Albert  Stoner,  and  Matilda,  who  became 
the  wife  of  Michael  Strubinger. 

Joseph  Delone,  the  father  of  our  subject, 
was  born  in  Paradise  township,  York 
county,  educated  in  the  common  schools 
and  learned  the  trade  of  milling,  but  never 
followed  it  to  any  extent,  preferring  the 
more  profitable  live  stock  business, in  which 
he  engaged  for  many  years.  He  was  a  man 
of  broad  mind  and  considerable  intelligence 
which,  coupled  with  his  interest  in  local 
affairs,  induced  him  to  start  the  publica- 
tion of  a  paper  in  the  town  of  Hanover, 
known  as  the  Hanover  Citizen.  Prior  to 
this  event  Mr.  Delone  had  been  elected  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  and  he  was  a 
very  prominent  figure  in  the  Democratic 
party  of  York  county  at  the  time  the  Citi- 
zen was  founded.  The  paper  at  once  be- 
came a  success.  It  was  published  weekly, 
and  its  editorial  policy  was  Democratic. 
Mr.  Delone  remained  in  charge  for  many 
years  and  continued  in  active  politics  up  to 
the  time  of  his  death  in  1883.  He  held 
local  office  in  the  borough  and  was  one  of 
the  leading  factors  in  the  growth  and  up- 
building of  Hanover.  He  was  a  devout 
and    consistent    member    of    the    Catholic 


church  and  worshipped  with  the  Hanover 
congregation. 

He  married  Maria,  daughter  of  Jacob 
Hilt,  by  whom  he  had  twelve  children,  of 
whom  eight  are  living:  Alice,  Martha, 
Leona,  Plarry  O.,  Mary,  Emma,  Charles 
J.,  and  Jacob  P.;  four  having  died  very 
yoimg. 

Charles  J.  Delone  received  his  prelimi- 
nary education  in  the  common  schools  of 
Hanover  and  then  prepared  for  college  un- 
der the  tutorship  of  Prof.  L.  R.  Baugher. 
In  1883  he  entered  the  Freshman  class  of 
Harvard  University  and  graduated  in  1887. 
He  then  entered  the  law  department  of  the 
University  and  graduated  in  1890.  After 
locating  and  practicing  in  New  York  city 
one  year,  Mr.  Delone  came  to  Hanover  and 
opened  an  office  there  for  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  York  county.  At  pres- 
ent he  has  offices  in  both  York  and  Han- 
over and  has  a  thriving  practice  from  his 
native  section  of  the  county.  He  is  a 
Democrat  in  politics  and  takes  an  active 
part  in  the  afifairs  of  his  party. 

GEORGE  W.  HOOVER,  a  leading 
carriage  and  wagon  manufacturer 
of  York,  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Margaret 
(Bubb)  Hoover,  and  was  born  in  Lancaster 
city,  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania,  De- 
cember 19th,  1840. 

Among  the  many  old  and  well-known 
families  of  eastern  and  southern  Pennsyl- 
vania, the  Hoovers  are  eminently  worthy 
of  notice  and  record.  They  were  among 
the  early  settlers  of  Lancaster  and  York 
counties,  and  many  of  them  served  as  sol- 
diers in  the  Continental  armies  during  the 
Revolutionary  war.  Patrotic  and  ener- 
getic they  became  the  best  of  citizens  un- 
der the  government  of  the  new  formed  Re- 
public, and  these  commendable  traits  of 
character  seemingly  by  inheritance  passed 
down     through     succeeding     generations. 


B^^:^>-^«:^:^:3 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


395 


Frcm  the  emigrant  ancestor,  who  came 
from  Germany,  is  descended  Joseph 
Hoover,  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  Joseph  Hoover  was  born  in  Lan- 
caster count}',  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year 
1812,  and  has  been  a  carriage  manufacturer 
in  Lancaster  city  for  over  sixty-five  years. 
He  is  an  industrious  man  of  quiet  disposi- 
tion who  gives  but  little  heed  to  politics 
and  has  been  a  consistent  member  of  St. 
Mary's  Catholic  church  for  many  years. 
He  married  Margaret  Bubb,  a  daughter  of 
William  Bubb,  and  to  their  union  were 
born  eight  children:  John  J.,  Sophia,  who 
died  in  infancy:  Annie,  wife  of  James  Flem- 
ing; George  W.,  subject;  Henry  C,  Mich- 
ael, Mary,  who  died  in  infancy,  and  Martha. 
George  W.  Hoover  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  schools  of  Lancaster  city  and  at 
fifteen  years  of  age  became  an  apprentice 
in  his  father's  factory,  where  he  remained 
until  1858,  when  he  entered  the  carriage 
factory  of  David  M.  Lane,  of  Philadelphia, 
with  whom  he  worked  until  i860.  In  the 
following  year,  1861,  he  attempted  to  en- 
ter the  Union  service,  but  was  rejected  as 
a  soldier  by  the  examining  surgeon  upon 
the  grounds  of  physical  disability.  He  sub- 
sequently was  accepted  as  a  clerk  and  serv- 
ed in  that  capacity  and  as  orderly  to  Captain 
Barton,  of  the  First  Pennsylvania  Re- 
serves for  about  eighteen  months.  He  af- 
terward made  application  for  enlistment  in 
the  79th  Pennsylvania,  but  was  rejected  on 
examination  and  then  went  to  work  in  the 
carriage  factory  of  A.  B.  Landis,  of  Mt. 
Joy,  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  remained  from  June,  1863,  until 
1865.  Subsequent  to  this  he  was  succes- 
fully  engaged  at  his  trade  in  Lancaster  for 
about  a  year,  when  he  removed  to  York 
and  connected  himself  with  Phineas  Pal- 
mer's carriage  factory  with  which  he  was 
identified  until  January,  1872.  After  sev- 
ering his  connection  with  this  concern  he 


engaged  in  the  patent-right  business  in 
Lancaster  county  for  a  period  of  three  years 
and  then  conducted  a  carriage  factory  at 
Goshen,  Indiana,  for  an  equal  length  of 
time,  and  subsequently  another  factory  at 
Loup  City,  Nebraska,  which  latter  he 
closed  in  1880  to  engage  in  farming.  He 
relinquished  his  farming  interests  in  1882 
and  returned  to  York,  where  he  worked 
six  months  for  the  Weaver  Organ  &  Piano 
Company  and  afterward  was  engaged  in 
manufacturing  soap  up  to  1884,  when  in 
June  of  that  year  the  flood  destroyed  his 
works.  For  one  year  he  represented  the 
soap  firm  of  Vandersloot  &  Elliott,  as  a 
traveling  salesman,  and  then  opened  up  a 
wholesale  and  retail  grocery  emporium 
which  he  disposed  of  in  1886  to  establish 
his  present  carriage  factory  in  York,  which 
he  has  been  compelled  to  enlarge  from  time 
to  time  in  order  to  accommodate  an  in- 
creasing volume  of  trade.  Mr.  Hoover 
began  his  present  business  upon  a  modest 
scale,  but  it  has  been  attended  with  almost 
phenomenal  success,  the  output  of  his  es- 
tablishment averaging  more  than  $75,000 
worth  of  work  annually.  His  plant  is  lo- 
cated on  Philadelphia  street,  near  George 
street,  and  the  main  factory  building  is  a 
four-story  structure,  35x250  feet  in  dimen- 
sions. He  gives  employment  to  fifty  men 
and  finds  ample  market  for  his  goods  in 
all  the  States  intervening  from  Maine  to 
Texas.  Beside  his  carriage  manufactur- 
ing business,  Mr.  Hoover  is  a  large  owner 
of  real  e.state  and  has  also  been  identified 
with  a  num.ber  of  other  industrial  enter- 
prises in  his  adopted  city.  Politically  he 
is  a  Republican,  and  together  with  his  fam- 
ily, attends  the  services  of  the  Reformed 
Church.  He  is  a  man  of  energy,  business 
tact  and  foresight  and  has  been  signally 
successful  in  his  present  business.  Prac- 
tically he  has  been  the  architect  of  his  own 
fortune.       Starting   upon   a   very   modest 


396 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


foundation,  and  with  very  unsubstantial 
support  outside  of  his  inherent  energy  and 
tact,  he  has  slowly  rounded  the  ladder  of 
business  success  and  has  reached  a  position 
of  commendable  prominence  among  his 
business  associates.  He  is  a  careful, 
shrewd  business  manager,  possessing  a 
large  degree  of  business  energy  and  owes 
his  final  success  to  unquestioned  methods 
and  strict  fidelity  to  the  interest  of  his 
patrons. 

WILBUR  J.  BRESSLER,  D.  D.  S., 
a  leading  dentist  of  York,  Penn- 
sj'lvania,  is  a  son  of  Dr.  Charles  Huston 
and  Sarah  A.  (Tonner)  Bressler,  and  was 
born  in  the  city  of  York,  York  county,  Pa., 
April  30th,   1858. 

Four  generations  back  in  the  direct  an- 
cestral line  of  Dr.  Bressler,  was  John  Bress- 
ler, a  native  of  Strasburg,  Germany,  who 
married  Eve  Kendig,  a  daughter  of  Rev. 
Jacob  Kendig.  Among  his  sons  was  one 
George  Bressler,  who  became  a  merchant, 
located  in  Philadelphia,  and  was  lost  at  sea 
while  on  his  v/ay  to  Europe  in  quest  of 
merchandize.  He  married  Frances  Herr, 
a  daughter  of  Francis  and  Christiana  Herr, 
whose  other  children  were  Mary  Ferree, 
Catharine  Wilson,  Elizabeth  Hartman,  Re- 
becca, Frances  Herr,  Charlotte  Barnet  and 
Harriet  Miller.  George  Bressler  had  sons, 
one  of  whom,  George  Bressler,  Jr.,  left 
Lancaster  county,  to  become  a  merchant 
in  Philadelphia,  where  he  held  at  one  time 
an  office  in  the  Custom  House.  He  after- 
ward went  to  Mill  Hall,  Clinton  county, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  milling,  mer- 
chandize and  operating  an  iron  furnace. 
He  died  in  1864,  aged  76  years.  He  wedded 
Elizabeth  Dornick,  and  their  children  were 
Elizabeth  Frances,  died  in  childhood 
Sarah  Ann,  wife  of  Dunlap  McCormick 
George,  retired  merchant:  Dr.  Chas.  Hus- 
ton,  Hon.   Henry  Clay,  of   Lock   Haven, 


who  served  in  the  State  Legislature,  and 
is  now  dead;  John  J.,  who  went  to  Flem- 
ington,  this  State,  engaged  in  business, 
and  is  also  deceased;  Catharine  Wilson, 
Daniel  Webster,  a  retired  business  man  of 
Chattanooga,  Tennessee,  and  Huston  and 
Charlotte,  of  Mill  Hall. 

Dr.  Charles  Huston  Bressler  was  born 
in  Clinton  county,  February  4,  1821,  and 
died  in  York,  February  22,  1894.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  in  common  and  se- 
lect schools,  studied  dentistry  and  medi- 
cine under  Dr.  Eli  Perry,  of  Lancaster 
city,  and  then  entered  Pennsylvania  and 
JefTerson  medical  colleges,  graduating  with 
honor  from  the  latter  institution  in  March, 
1844.  He  practiced  dentistry  at  Belle- 
fonte,  Lancaster  and  York,  and  in  1849, 
with  Dr.  Perry  and  others  secured  the 
charter  for  the  first  Dental  College  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  Republican  in 
politics,  served  part  of  a  term  as  sheriff 
of  York  county,  and  was  twice  the  candi- 
date of  his  party  for  Congress.  In  re- 
ligion he  vi'as  a  Methodist,  and  fraternally 
a  member  of  York  Commandery,  No.  21, 
Knights  Templar.  In  1849  he  married 
Sarah  A.  Tonner,  a  daughter  of  Rev.  John 
Tonner,  of  Bellefonte,  this  State.  To  their 
union  were  born  eight  children.  Dr.  John 
T.,  a  dentist,  of  Shepherdstown,  Cumber- 
land county.  Pa.;  George  B.,  an  alderman 
of  Lancaster  city;  Emma  B.;  Charles  H., 
deceased;  Clara  V.,  a  teacher;  Dr.  Wilbur 
C,  subject;  A.  Curtin,  a  printer  of  York, 
and  Ella  M. 

Wilbur  C.  Bressler  attended  the  York 
public  schools  and  High  school,  studied 
dentistry  with  his  father  and  entered  the 
Dental  Department  of  the  University  of 
Maryland, from  which  he  was  graduated  on 
March,  14th,  1884.  After  graduation  he  re- 
turned to  York,  where  he  has  practiced  den- 
tistry ever  since.  In  the  practice  of  his 
profession  he  has  met  with  success,  keeps 


-vj 


l/J^n/^^iy^'^ 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


397 


thoroughly  abreast  of  the  advances  in  his 
special  vocation  and  is  regarded  by  his 
friends  and  neighbors  as  a  citizen  of  pro- 
gressive spirit.  In  1885  he  became  a  part- 
ner with  George  E.  Smyser  in  the  coal  busi- 
ness, but  nine  years  later  disposed  of  his 
interest  in  their  coal  property  and  yard.  He 
is  a  stanch  Republican  in  politics  and  a 
member  of  the  Beaver  St.  Methodist 
church.  He  also  holds  membership  in 
York  Lodge,  No  266,  Free  and  Accepted 
Masons,  and  is  a  director  in  two  Building 
and  Loan  Associations  of  his  native  city. 

On  December  26,  1889,  Dr.  Bressler  mar- 
ried Mary  J.  Smyser,  daughter  of  George 
E.  Smyser,  a  well  known  business  man  of 
York.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Bressler  have  two 
children  living:  Wilbur  Huston  and  Clark 
Smyser.  Those  deceased  are  Juliet  R.  and 
an  infant. 

SNEVIN  HENCH.  York  being  es- 
•  sentially  a  manufacturing  town,  it  is 
to  the  numerous  mills  and  factories  that 
its  citizens  must  look  for  the  continuance 
of  the  growth  and  prosperity  that  has  mark- 
ed the  last  decade  of  the  city's  history.  To 
the  number  of  these  there  has  been  a  large 
accession  in  that  period.  Among  other 
firms  which  have  gone  extensively  into 
manufacturing  here,  thereby  constituting 
themselves  worthy  and  enterprising  citizen^ 
who  subserve  the  interests  and  promote  the 
welfare  of  the  city,  is  that  of  Hench  & 
Dromgold,  the  junior  member  of  which  is 
the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

S.  Nevin  Hench  is  a  son  of  George  Wash- 
ington and  Frances  (Rice)  Hench.  He  was 
born  on  June  27,  1854,  in  Saville,  Perry 
county,  Pennsylvania,  and  his  ancestry  is  of 
French  descent.  His  grandfather,  Samuel 
Hench,  was  a  native  of  the  same  county, 
and  died  in  the  vicinity  of  Saville.  He  pur- 
sued the  dual  occupation  of  black- 
smith    and     farmer     and     married     Eli- 

26 


zabeth  Yohn.  Five  children  of  which 
the  subject's  father  was  the  young- 
est, were  born  to  this  union.  The  father 
was  born  on  the  old  homestead  farm  in  the 
same  vicinity,  Feb.  28,  1828,  pursued  the 
occupation  of  farmer  and  is  still  living, 
though  in  practical  retirement  from  all  ac- 
tive business  pursuits.  The  elder  Hench 
is  a  Democrat  in  politics  and  an  active 
member  and  elder  of  the  German  Reformed 
church.  He  united  in  marriage  with  Fran- 
ces Rice,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  Rice,  a  na- 
tive of  Perry  county,  by  which  alliance  he 
had  twelve  children,  five  sons  and  seven 
daughters,  eleven  of  whom  are  still  living. 
S.  Nevin  Hench  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  and  remained  on  the  farm 
until  he  had  passed  his  majority.  His 
father  had  a  small  work  shop  and  the  son 
being  of  a  mechanical  turn  of  mind,  gave 
much  of  his  time  to  devising  and  improving 
farm  machinery.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  or 
eighteen  years  he  had  invented,  patented 
and  placed  on  the  market  riding  corn  culti- 
vators, corn  planters  and  similar  agricul- 
ture implements.  In  this  way  he  accumu- 
lated sufficient  capital  to  set  up  a  small 
manufacturing  business,  which  was  begun 
in  1878.  This  enterprise  was  continued  for 
twelve  years,  when  Mr.  Hench  and  Walker 
A.  Dromgold,  who  had  become  associated 
with  him,  built  a  large  establishment  in  the 
West  End  of  York  for  the  the  manufacture 
of  their  patented  implements.  The  plant 
which  has  had  a  most  creditable  career  and 
has  reached  quite  extensive  proportions,  at 
the  present  time  covers  two  acres  along  the 
Western  Maryland  railroad  and  furnishes 
employment  for  about  125  hands.  The 
manufactured  output  of  the  concern  con- 
sists of  spring  tooth  harrows  of  various 
kinds,  circular  saw  mills,  engines,  spike 
tooth  harrows  and  improved  corn  planters, 
shellers,,  cider-mills,  and  other  farm  ma- 
chinery and  implements  which  the  combin- 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


ed  inventive  genius  of  Mr.  Hench  and  Mr. 
Dromgold  has  produced.  The  firm  also 
operates  a  large  lumber  plant  near  Pied- 
mont in  Mineral  county,  West  Virginia. 

Mr.  Hench  is  a  director  in  the  York 
Trust  Real  Estate  and  Deposit  Company, 
and  is  also  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Hench, 
Dromgold  &  Stagemyer,  brick  and  tile 
manufacturers,  which  owns  and  operates  a 
large  plant  for  the  manufacture  of  a  super- 
ior quality  of  brick  and  tile,  near  Emigs- 
ville,  York  county.  Unlike  his  father  Mr. 
Hench  is  a  Republican  in  politics  and  his 
party  appreciating  his  intelligent  support 
and  participation  in  its  local  affairs,  elected 
him  a  member  of  the  school  board  from 
the  Eleventh  ward,  in  which  capacity  he 
has  served  during  the  past  two  years.  He 
is  a  member  of  Grace  Reformed  church,  in 
which  he  is  an  elder  and  of  whose  Sunday 
school  he  has  been  assistant  superintendent 
for  eight  years.  He  is  also  a  trustee  of  the 
Theological  Seminary  of  the  Reformed 
church  at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Building  Committee  for  the  new 
Seminary  building;  a  member  of  several 
fraternal  organizations,  chief  among  which 
are:  Howell  Chapter,  No.  igg,  Royal  Arch 
Masons;  Gethsemane  Commandery,  No. 
75,  Knights  Templar;  and  Willis  Council, 
No.  508  RoA'al  Arcanum.  Mr.  Hench  is  a 
first  class  business  m.an,  public  spirited  and 
progressive  and  ranks  am.ong  the  success- 
ful manufacturers  of  York.  He  is  a  man 
possessing  more  than  ordinary  civic  pride, 
is  a  liberal  supporter  of  all  worthy  educa- 
tional and  social  movements  and  commands 
the  esteem  of  his  fellow-townsmen. 

On  June  11,  1885,  Mr.  Hench  was  joined 
in  marriage  with  Emma  Flinchbaugh,  a 
daughter  of  Frederick  Flinchbaugh,  of 
York.  They  live  in  a  handsome  residence 
on  Linden  avenue,  where  flowers,  beauti- 
ful shrubbery,  cordial  hospitality  and  the 
interior  adornment  of  their  home  give  evi- 


dence of  the  refined  tastes  of  the  owners. 
To  their  union  have  been  born  four  chil- 
dren: Nevin  F.,  Francis  R.,  G.  Harold, 
and  Adele  M. 

EUGENE  A.  GROVE,  M.  D.,  retired 
physician  of  Carlisle,  was  born  at 
Bowmansdale,  Cumberland  county,  Pa., 
February  4,  1850.  The  family  came  origin- 
ally from  Switzerland,  Hans  Groflf,  or 
Graf,  (as  it  was  then  spelled)  emigrated 
from  that  mountain-walled  Republic  to 
Alsace,  France,  in  1676,  on  account  of  the 
religious  persecution  of  the  Menonites,  to 
which  religious  persuasion  he  belonged. 
After  a  stay  of  nearly  twenty  years  in  Al- 
sace, he  came,  in  1696,  to  the  newly  found- 
ed city  of  Philadelphia,  and,  visiting  the 
Pequa  valley  he  pushed  into  Lancaster 
county  until  he  reached  a  spot  which  is  fa- 
miliarly known  as  "GrofT's  Thai"  (Grove's 
Spring),  within  the  limits  of  what  is  now 
West  Earl  township,  and  where  he  settled 
upon  the  stream  which  bears  his  name. 
While  in  pursuit  of  his  strayed  horses  he 
found  this  spot,  and  its  beauty  so  "impress- 
ed him  that  he  determined  to  settle  upon 
it,  which  he  did  a  few  years  subsequently. 
Here  he  took  up  one  tract  of  1150  acres  of 
land  (surveyed  October  4.  1718)  and  later 
a  tract  of  2,500  acres,  which  were  pur- 
chased from  William  Penn.  This  original 
Hans  (or  Henry)  GrofT  was  the  paternal 
ancestor  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  by  the 
sixth  generation.  He  was  a  wealthy  and 
prominent  man  in  that  section  of  the  pro- 
vince, and  is  mentioned  by  Rupp  in  his 
history  of  Lancaster  county,  and  in  the 
Colonial  Records.  Not  only  the  run  on 
which  he  settled  and  the  "GrofFs  Thai"  but 
the  township  was  named  after  him,  the 
English  word  "earl"  being  equivalent  to 
the  German  word  "graflf"  or  grove.  He  was 
one  of  the  persons  selected  to  lay  out  in 
1733  the  "King's  Highway"  from  Lancas- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


399 


ter  to  Philadelphia,  then  the  largest  city  in 
the  United  Colonies.  He  died  in  1746.  Six 
sons  survived  him:  Peter,  David,  Hans, 
Jr.,  Daniel  and  Samuel,  who  was  known  as 
Graaf  (der  jaiger),  the  hunter.  As  soon  as 
his  six  sons  were  grown  up  he  turned  his 
attention  to  dealing  in  blankets  for  the  In- 
dians and  other  merchandise  which  he  pur- 
chased at  Philadelphia  and  took  to  Harris 
ferry  (now  Harrisburg)  on  the  Susque- 
hanna. 

Hans  Groff,  Jr.,  was  the  father  of  Jacob, 
Henrich  and  John,  and  Henrich  married 
Anna  Maria  Stadtler,  and  left  five  children: 
Jacob,  Catherine,  Elizabeth,  George  and 
Henry,  Jr.,  who  were  all  born  in  his  York 
county  home.  His  will  of  August  20th, 
1780,  gives  his  name  as  Henry  Grove,  but 
his  signature  to  the  same  is  Henrich  Grofif. 
Henry  Grove,  Henry  Grove,  Jr.,  married 
Catherine  Hake,  daughter  of  Andrew 
Hake, of  York  county,  and  in  middle  life  re- 
moved to  Yellow  Breeches  creek  where  he 
purchased  the  Quigly  mill  and  property. 
He  died  May  1859,  and  his  widow  lived 
until  October  25,  1877.  They  had  two 
children:  Henry  Hake  and  Susan  C,  widow 
of  Rev.  John  Ulrich  and  now  a  resident  of 
Baltimore.  Henry  Hake  Grove  was  born 
in  Baltimore  city,  April  21,  181 7,  and  died 
in  Carlisle,  March  21,  1876.  He  was  an 
active  business  man.  He  conducted  lime 
quarries  at  Bowmansdale,  on  Yellow 
Breeches  creek  until  1859,  and  then  remov- 
ed to  Baltimore  where  he  was  successfully 
engaged  in  the  coal,  commission  and  gro- 
cery business  but  being  a  Union  man  was 
compelled  to  remove  in  1862  to  Carlisle. 
He  there  followed  photography  and  the 
manufacture  of  paper  sacks  until  his  death. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church 
and  in  May  1841  wedded  Eliza  Ann  Beltz- 
hoover,  eldest  daughter  of  Michael  G.  and 
Mary  (Herman)  Beltzhoover.  Mrs.  Grove 
died  March  21,  1876,  aged  55  years.    To 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Grove  were  born  two  chil- 
dren: Henry  B.  and  Dr.  Eugene  A.  The 
eldest  son,  Henry  B.  Grove,  a  highly  re- 
spected and  esteemed  youngman,was  foully 
assassinated  in  his  own  picture  gallery  in 
Baltimore  city,  Md.,  on  October  29,  1865. 
While  finishing  a  picture  he  was  shot 
through  the  back  of  the  head  and  instantly 
killed  by  a  pretended  friend  and  robbed  of 
one  hundred  and  twenty-five  dollars,  and  a 
gold  watch,  chain  and  ring.  The  assassin 
fled  but  was  apprehended  under  a  reward 
of  five  hundred  dollars  offered  by  the 
mayor,  and  after  trial  and  conviction  for 
murder  escaped  through  some  legal  techni- 
cality. But  the  murderer  met  his  deserved 
fate  in  1896  when  he  was  shot  while  com- 
mitting burglary  and  died  in  a  New  York 
hospital  from  the  effects  of  the  wound. 

Dr.  Eugene  A.  Grove  received  his  liter- 
ary education  in  Dickinson  college.  He  read 
medicine  with  Dr.  S.  B.  KiefTer,  of  Carlisle, 
was  graduated  in  1870  from  the  medical 
department  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, with  the  degree  of  M.  D.,  and  prac- 
ticed in  Carlisle  until  1876,  when  he  gave 
his  entire  attention  to  mining  iron  ore  at 
Hunter's  Run  and  operating  a  charcoal  fur- 
nace in  Adams  county.  Five  years  later  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Car- 
lisle, but  owing  to  large  monetary  interests 
which  devolved  upon  him,  he  retired  in 
1890,  and  has  not  since  resumed  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession,  which,  until  it  was 
interrupted,  was  one  of  growing  and  recog- 
nized success. 

On  April  12,  1894,  Dr.  Grove  wedded 
Zuleime  Kieffer,  a  daughter  of  Benaville  J. 
and  Sarah  M.  (Bixler)  Kieffer,  the  former 
of  whom  was  at  one  time  a  prominent 
druggist  of  Carlisle. 

WH-LIAM   CLARENCE  SHEELY, 
ESQ.,  of  Gettysburg,  Pennsylvania, 
is  a  son  of  Aaron  and  Lucy  A.  (Deardorff) 


400 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Sheely,  and  was  born  January  29.  1863, 
near  this  historic  city.  He  is  of  German 
origin.  His  paternal  grandfather,  Jacob, 
was  born  in  Adams  county.  He  received 
a  common  school  education,,  was  a  popular 
and  esteemed  citizen  of  Mount  Joy  town- 
ship and  a  worthy  member  of  the  United 
Brethren  church.  He  was  the  father  of 
seven  children.  The  father  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Mount]  oy  town- 
ship, Adams  county.  He  received  his  ele- 
mentary education  in  the  district  school  and 
subsequently  attended  Pennsylvania  Col- 
lege at  Gettysburg.  Leaving  that  institu- 
tion he  engaged  in  teaching  school,  in 
which  pursuit  he  was  eminently  successful, 
for  a  number  of  years.  In  1864  he  was 
elected  superintendent  of  the  schools  of 
Adams  county,  and  the  satisfactory  manner 
in  which  he  filled  the  ofifice  may  be  con- 
ceived from  the  fact  that  he  held  that  posi- 
tion for  twentj'-four  years,  when  he  volun- 
tarily retired.  He  is  still  living,  an  honored 
and  esteemed  citizen  of  Gettysburg,  re- 
vered by  all  who  know  him.  He  owns  a 
large  am.ount  of  real  estate  and  devotes  his 
entire  attention  to  these  interests.  Politi- 
cally he  is  a  Democrat.  His  children  were, 
William  Clarence,  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
Ella  M.,  Annie  B.,  Sadie  M.,  Minnie  H., 
and  Harry  M. 

W.  C.  Sheely  passed  his  youthful  years 
attending  the  public  schools  of  Gettysburg 
and  was  graduated  from  Pennsylvania  Col- 
lege in  1882.  He  took  first  honor  in  his 
class  and  all  the  prizes  in  the  college  course, 
the  second  time  in  the  history  of  the  Col- 
lege that  this  was  done  by  one  man.  After 
leaving  college  he  read  law  with  R.  G.  Mc- 
Creary,  Esq.  and  after  his  death,  with  Geo. 
J.  Benner,  Esq.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Adams  county  in  August,  1887,  re- 
maining in  the  office  of  Mr.  Benner  for 
three  years.  Since  then  he  has  pursued  his 
profession  by  himself  and  has  acquired  a 


large  and  lucrative  practice.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber in  good  and  regular  standing  of  Good 
Samaritan  Lodge,  No.  336,  Free  and  Ac- 
cepted Masons.  In  politics,  like  his  father, 
he  is  a  Democrat.  On  June  24,  1891,  he 
married  the  accomplished  daughter  of 
Nathan  Hanna,  of  Linganore,  Maryland, 
Miss  Eugenie  H.  Their  children  are  Fran- 
ces M.  and  Marion  J.  Heisthe  authorof  "TTie 
Pennsylvania  Lawyer," a  subscription  book, 
containing  abstracts  of  the  laws  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  the  postal,  patent,  copyright  and 
pension  laws,  with  legal  and  business  forms 
for  all  transactions,  which  has  had  a  large 
sale  in  this  State. 

DR.  M.  L.  BARSHINGER,  son  of  H. 
S.  and  Mary  (Geesey)  Barshinger, 
was  born  in  Dallastown,  March  i6th,  1867. 
He  came  of  reputable  and  sturdy  stock  of 
Swiss  ancestry.  The  first  of  the  family  to 
come  to  America  being  Andreas  Bersinger, 
a  native  of  Switzerland,  who  emigrated 
some  time  between  1727  and  1735.  Since 
then  the  name  has  undergone  modification 
into  its  present  form.  The  doctor's  grand- 
father, Henry  Barshinger,  was  born  near 
York  and  farmed  all  his  life.  He  was  a  Re- 
publican in  politics  and  a  Lutheran  in  reli- 
gion. The  grandmother  was  Susan  Stab- 
ley.  They  had  seven  children :  George, 
lives  at  York;  Kate,  wife  of  John  Strevig; 
Andrew, deceased;  Jacob,  resident  of  Wind- 
sor: Emanuel,  of  Windsor;  Susan,  de- 
ceased; Benjamin;  and  Joseph,  deceased. 
The  father  of  our  subject  was  born  near 
York,  October  31,  1840,  and  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools.  He  engaged  in  the 
general  mercantile  business  at  Dallastown 
and  afterward  came  to  York  and  opened  a 
fire  insurance  and  fertilizer  agency.  Novem- 
ber 8,  1862,  he  enrolled  in  the  i66th  Penn- 
sylvania Regiment  and  served  until  July  28, 
1863,  retiring  with  the  rank  of  sergeant. 
He  was  3  Democrat  in  politics  and  of  the 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


401 


Lutheran  faith  in  religion.  Through  the 
insurance  business  he  became  secretary  of 
the  Southern  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Com- 
pany. He  died  May  19,  1885,  survived  by 
a  widow,  his  son  and  a  daughter,  Sallie  A., 
all  of  whom  continued  to  reside  at  their 
home,  417  South  George  street.  On  the 
maternal  side  the  doctor  is  descended  from 
another  old  and  prominent  York  county 
family.  His  grandfather,  Jonathan  Geesey, 
was  born  near  York,  the  son  of  Jacob 
Geesey,  a  Revolutionary  soldier.  He  farmed 
all  his  life  and  in  later  years  retired  and 
lived  in  Dallastown.  He  was  a  Democrat 
in  politics  and  a  member  and  elder  of  the 
Lutheran  church.  His  children  were  Amos, 
Charles,  John  F.,  Mary  A.,  Adam  F.,  ex- 
County  Treasurer,  ex-Democratic  County 
Chairman  and  ex- Revenue  Collector;  Jona- 
than, Pius  E.,  Martin,  Sarah  and  Emma. 
He  died  in  1877,  aged  sixty-six.  His  wife, 
Sarah  (Flinchbaugh)  Geesey,  survived  him 
twenty  years,  dying  in  1897,  at  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  eighty-seven  years,  three 
months  and  twenty-five  days. 

Our  subject  secured  his  early  education 
in  the  public  schools  and  his  professional 
training  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

In  preparation  for  his  calling,  he  attended 
Philips  Exeter  Academy  at  Exeter,  New 
Hampshire,  for  one  year  and  Pennsylvania 
college,  Gettysburg,  from  1888  to  1890, 
taking  a  special  course  in  the  latter  institu- 
tion preparatory  to  the  taking  up  of  the 
study  of  medicine.  He  was  one  of  the 
most  active  students,  becoming  president 
of  his  class,  a  member  of  the  Phi  Kappa 
Psi  fraternity,  a  member  of  the  base  ball 
team  and  the  leading  athlete  of  the  college. 
On  field  day  he  won  the  first  prize,  a  gold 
medal,  taking  six  events,  the  hundred  yard 
dash,  standing  broad,  running  broad,  stand- 
ing high  and  running  high  jumps  and  the 
hop  step  and  jump.  In  1890  he  entered  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  made 


a  notable  record  as  one  of  the  oars  of  the 
varsity  crew  of  '91.  He  graduated  in  1893 
and  the  same  year  began  active  general 
practice  at  his  home.  The  doctor  is  a  pleas- 
ant and  agreeable  gentleman  to  meet,  takes 
more  than  ordinary  interest  in  his  profes- 
sion and  is  alive  to  the  topics  and  move- 
ments of  the  times.  Though  he  has  never 
sought  office,  his  friends  because  of  his 
popularity  have  urged  him  several  times  to 
enter  the  lists  and  his  name  was,  without 
his  knowledge,  brought  forward  for  nomi- 
nation to  the  office  of  coroner  in  the  Demo- 
cratic county  convention  of  1896,  where  he 
received  a  flattering  vote  though  no  can- 
vass was  made  by  hirn.  January  4,  he  was 
appointed  physician  to  the  jail  by  the  board 
of  county  commssioners.  He  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  city  board  of  health  and  of  the 
York  County  Medical  Society.  The  doctor 
is  like  his  people  before  him,  a  member  of 
the  Lutheran  church  and  at  present  a  dea- 
con in  Christ's  congregation.  He  was  mar- 
ried September  11,  1894,  to  Emmelyn 
Greacen,  daughter  of  Stephen  Bailey  and 
Hesse  (La  Monde)  Greacen,  of  Perth  Am- 
boy.  New  Jersey.  Mr.  Greacen  is  a  naval 
engineer. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Barshinger  have  one  child, 
Henry  Stephen  Barshinger,  born  April  10, 
1897.  They  reside  with  Dr.  Barshinger's 
mother  and  sister,  and  one  of  the  most 
agreeable  family  circles  in  the  city  is  that 
which  gathers  about  the  Barshinger  hearth. 

EPHRAIM  ADAMS  S  H  U  L  E  N- 
BERGER,  D.  D.  S.,  a  successful 
dentist  of  Carlisle,  is  the  eldest  son  of  Jno. 
Beatty  and  Martha  (Adams)  Shulenberger, 
and  was  born  near  Newburg,  Cumberland 
county.  Pa.,  November  2,  i860.  The  Shu- 
lenberger family  is  of  German  descent  and 
traces  its  New  World  ancestry  back  to  Vir- 
ginia in  the  early  part  of  the  last  century. 
Lewis  Shulenberger  came  from  Jamestown. 


4o2 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Va.,  to  Strausburg,  Franklin  county.  To 
him  was  born  three  sons:  Lewis,  who  went 
to  New  York  State;  Frederick,  who  went 
to  Ohio,  where  some  of  his  descendants  are 
still  living,  and  Benjamin,  who  married  a 
Miss  Shomaker  and  removed  to  near  New- 
burg,  Cumberland  county.  Here  on  a  farm 
he  had  purchased  before  coming,  he  reared 
his  family.  He  was  a  member  of  a  militia 
company  that  marched  to  take  part  in  the 
Whiskey  Insurrection,  but  by  the  time  they 
reached  the  scene  of  conflict  it  was  over. 
His  family  consisted  of  three  sons  and  one 
daughter:  Adam,  who  lived  and  died  on  the 
homestead;  Katie,  (Mrs.  John  Hoover); 
John  (grandfather  of  Dr.  Shulenberger), 
and  Samuel. 

John  was  born  in  i8i2.  He  married  Miss 
Jennette  Beatty.  He  was  a  farmer  and  be- 
came the  owner  of  considerable  real  estate 
in  the  western  part  of  Cumberland  county, 
where  he  was  known  as  a  man  of  sterling 
integrity  and  influence;  a  member  of  the 
Reformed  church  at  Newburg  and  an  elder 
in  the  church  for  many  years.  He  died  in 
1876.  His  family  consisted  of  eight  sons 
and  one  daughter:  Benjamin,  who  was  a 
farmer  and  is  now  dead;  Samuel  W.,  a 
teacher  and  principal  of  the  schools  at 
Peoria,  111.,  for  a  number  of  years;  John 
Beatty,  William  C.  B.,  a  minister  in  the 
Reformed  church  and  preaching  at  Em- 
niettsburg,  Md. ;  Elizabeth,  who  married 
Mr.  Adam  Heberlig,  and  is  now  dead; 
Adam  A.,  teacher  and  farmer  in  Missouri; 
Robert  E.,  a  farmer,  veterinary  surgeon 
and  justice  of  the  peace  in  Upper  Mifflin 
township,  Cumberland  county;  Anthony,  a 
Reformed  minister,  preaching  at  China 
Grove,  North  Carolina,  and  David  S.,  a 
strne  cutter  and  monument  dealer  at  Ship- 
pensburg. 

John  Beatty  Shulenberger  was  born 
about  three  miles  northeast  of  Newburg  in 
Upper  Mifflin  township  on  December  1st, 


1835.  After  receiving  a  liberal  education  he 
spent  a  number  of  years  in  teaching  and 
afterward  followed  farming  for  some  years, 
and  is  now  living  retired  in  Shippensburg, 
Pa.  He  was  a  member  of  the  158th  Regi- 
ment, but  shortly  after  entering  the  service 
was  stricken  with  typhoid  fever,  from  which 
he  suffered  for  months  and  was  never  able 
to  enter  the  active  service  before  the  war 
cltsed. 

He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics  and  served 
two  terms  as  director  of  the  poor.  He  has 
been  an  elder  for  twenty  years  in  Newburg 
Reformed  church.  He  married  Martha 
Adams,  whose  father,  Ephraim  Adams,  was 
a  native  of  Perry  county  and  a  merchant 
and  farmer  for  some  years  in  the  western 
part  of  Cumberland  county.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Shulenberger  had  six  children,  five  sons  and 
one  daughter:  Dr.  Ephraim  A.,  J.  Clark, 
engaged  in  the  creamery  business  in  Ship- 
pensburg; Robert  B.,  a  contractor  and 
builder  of  Shippensburg;  Professor  A.  Lee, 
a  graduate  of  Franklin  and  Marshall  Col- 
lege, and  now  engaged  in  teaching;  Elsie 
and  Mark  C,  now  attending  school. 

Dr.  Ephraim  A.  Shulenberger  received 
his  education  in  the  Newville  Academy  and 
after  teaching  from  1880  to  1883,  com- 
menced the  study  of  dentistry  with  Dr.  D. 
S.  McCoy,  of  Newville,  this  State.  Com- 
pleting his  office  course  of  reading  and 
study,  he  entered  the  Pennsylvania  College 
of  Dental  Surgery,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  the  spring  of  1885.  Immedi- 
ately after  graduation  and  on  April  i,  1885, 
he  came  to  Carlisle,  where  he  has  practiced 
his  profession  successfully  up  to  the  present 
time.  He  is  a  Democrat  and  a  member  and 
elder  of  the  First  Reformed  church  and  a 
member  of  Carlisle  Castle,  No.  iio,Knights 
of  the  Golden  Eagle. 

On  March  17,  1886,  Dr.  Shulenberger 
married  Lillie  Mickley,  the  only  daughter 
of  Rev.  J.  Marion  Mickley,  a  minister  of  the 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


403 


Reformed  church  and  now  residing  at  Mc- 
Knightstown,  Adams  county. 

HORACE  M.  ALLEMAN,  M.  D.,  a 
progressive  and  enterprising  phy- 
sician of  Hanover,  is  a  son  of  Dr.  Horace 
and  Rebecca  B.  (Winnemore)  Alleman,  and 
was  born  at  Hanover,  York  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, February  19,  1863.  He  received 
his  early  education  in  the  public  schools, 
fitted  for  college  at  Baugher's  Academy, 
and  in  188 1,  entered  Lafayette  College  of 
Easton,  this  State,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  the  class  of  1885.  Shortly 
after  graduation,  and  in  the  same  year,  he 
entered  the  medical  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  three  years  later  in  the  class  of 
1888,  and  immediately  returned  to  Han- 
over for  the  practice  of  his  chosen  profes- 
sion. He  was  successful  from  the  start,  has 
kept  up  with  the  medical  advancement  of 
the  times,  and  now  enjoys  a  very  enviable 
practice.  He  is  a  member  of  St.  Mark's 
Lutheran  church,  and  Hanover  Lodge,  No. 
327,  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows, 
and  has  always  been  an  active  supporter 
of  the  Republican  party  and  its  principles. 
He  is  interested  in  politics,  yet  no  politician, 
active  in  working  for  the  supremacy  of  his 
party,  but  no  office  seeker.  He  takes  a  spe- 
cial interest  in  the  schools  of  Hanover,  like 
his  father  before  him,  and  when  elected  as 
school  director  in  1896,  he  accepted  and  has 
been  serving  in  that  capacity  ever  since. 
He  is  now  its  president.  Devoted  to  his  pro- 
fession, he  is  progressive  and  enterprising, 
a  man  abreast  of  the  times  and  in  touch 
with  the  medical  spirit  of  the  age.  Is  a 
member  of  York  County  Medical  Society 
and  also  of  the  American  Academy  of  Med- 
icine. 

In    1891     Dr.    Alleman    wedded    Cora 
Young,  a   daughter  of  W.  J.   Young,  of 


Hanover.     Their  union  has  been  blessed 
with  one  child,  a  son,  Winneman. 

Dr.  Horace  Alleman,  the  father  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  was  one  of  the  old 
physicians  of  Hanover  where  he  practiced 
for  nearly  thirty  years.    He  was  born  Janu- 
ary 19,    1824,    in    Lancaster    county,    this 
State,  and  was  a  son  of  John  arid  Eliza- 
beth (Mackert)  Alleman,  the  former  a  na- 
tive of  Dauphin  county  and  the  latter  of 
Lancaster  county.     The  Allemans  are  of 
German  descent  and  were  among  the  early 
settlers  and  prominent  people  of  Dauphin 
county,  where  John  Alleman  was  born  in 
1792.     He  settled  near   Elizabethtown  in 
Lancaster  county  and  died  there  in  1866, 
and  his  wife,  who  was  born  in  1797,  pre- 
ceeded  him  to  the  tomb  by  one  year.     Dr. 
Horace  Alleman  was  reared  on  his  father's 
farm,  received  his  education  in  the  Emaus 
Institute    and   Pennsylvania    College    and 
read  medicine  with  Dr.  Nathaniel  Watson 
of     East     Donegal     township,     Lancaster 
county.    He  was  graduated  in  the  class  of 
1848,  from  the  Pennsylvania  Medical  Col- 
lege, now  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  practiced  from  1848  to  1859  at  Eliza- 
bethtown and  Safe  Harbor  in  his   native 
county.    In  the  last  named  year  he  came  to 
Hanover  where  he  soon  obtained  a  good 
practice,  and  where  he  died  January   14, 
18S7.    He  was  an  Odd  Fellow  and  a  mem- 
ber of  St.  Mark's  Lutheran  church,  and  in 
politics  was  successively  a  Whig  and  a  Re- 
publican.   At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was 
burgess  of  Hanover,  in  whose  advancement 
he  took  a  great  interest,  especially  in  the 
public  schools,  having    served    for    many 
years  as  a  school  director.     Dr.  Allemac 
was  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  phy- 
sicians of  the  county  and  had  a  lucrative 
and  extensive  practice.    In  1847  he  married 
Rebecca    B.    Winnemore,    a    daughter    of 
Thomas    Winnemore,    of    near  Elizabeth- 
town,  Lancaster  county,  and  of  the  ten  chil- 


4<54 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


dren  born  to  them  six  grew  to  maturity: 
John  H.,  cashier  of  the  First  National  bank 
of  Hanover;  Agnes,  a  teacher  in  the  public 
schools;  Jennie,  wife  of  J.  J.  Rohrbaugh,  of 
Helena,  Montana;  Louise,  wife  of  Edward 
Wentz,  and  Dr.  Horace  M.,  whose  name 
heads  this  sketch.  Mrs.  Alleman  survived 
her  husband  two  years,  dying  January  14, 
1889,  aged  65  years,  and  the  remains  of 
both  rest  in  Mt.  Olivet  cemetery. 

J  FRANK  SMALL,  M.  D.,  a  leading 
•  physician  and  present  City  Health 
Officer  of  York,  Pennsylvania,  is  a 
son  of  David  Etter  and  Mary  Ann  (Fulton) 
Small.  He  was  born  in  the  city  of  York, 
July  6,  1865.  Dr.  Small  is  a  descendant  of 
one  of  the  oldest  and  most  distinguished 
Pennsylvania  families.  In  boyhood  he  re- 
ceived a  thorough  literary  training  in  the 
public  schools  of  York  and  the  York  Col- 
legiate Institute.  He  subsequently  in  1886 
entered  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  at  Philadelphia, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  the  class 
of  1889.  Immediately  after  graduation  he 
was  engaged  for  two  years  in  the  wholesale 
drug  business  at  York,  in  conjunction  with 
his  twin  brother,  J.  Hamilton  Small,  now 
a  dealer  in  mill  supplies.  Upon  the  disso- 
lution of  this  partnership  he  made  an  ex- 
tensive European  tour,  during  which  time 
he  took  a  post  graduate  course  in  the  Lon- 
don hospitals,  and  was  interested  in  other 
professional  observations  on  the  continent 
and  elsewhere.  Returning  from  his  Old 
World  trip  in  1893  he  opened  an  office  in 
York,  where  he  rose  rapidly  in  his  profes- 
sion. He  is  learned  in  medical  literature, 
keeps  fully  abreast  of  medical  advancement, 
and  withal  is  a  man  of  fine  intellectual  cul- 
ture and  taste. 

Dr.  Small  has  always  been  a  stanch  Re- 
publican, and  is  a  charter  member  and  ex- 
president    of    the    Young    Republicans    of 


York,  and  has  frequently  represented  his 
party  in  caucus,  local  and  State  conven- 
tions. He  served  his  city  as  President  of 
the  Board  of  Health  in  1894,  and  was  elect- 
ed health  physician  in  1895,  and  re-elected 
in  1896.  He  is  a  member  of  the  York 
county  and  Pennsylvania  State  Medical 
Societies,  and  has  taken  an  active  interest 
as  a  member  in  the  American  Medical  As- 
sociation and  the  Pan-American  Medical 
Congress.  For  one  term  he  presided  over 
the  York  County  Medical  Society  and 
served  at  different  times  on  various  im- 
portant committees  in  State  and  National 
Medical  organizations. 

Dr.  Small,  for  a  number  of  years,  has 
been  prominent  in  fraternity  circles.  He  is 
oflicially  connected  with  Alpha  Mu  Pi 
Omega  Medical  fraternity  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  Independent  Order  of 
Odd  Fellows,  Junior  Order  of  American 
Mechanics,  Patriotic  Order  Sons  of  Ameri- 
ca, Artisans  Order  of  Mutual  Protection 
and  the  Royal  Arcanum,  for  which  latter 
he  is  medical  examiner.  He  is  also  one  of 
the  highest  degree  Masons  in  the  United 
States,  having  passed  through  the  lodge, 
chapter,  conimandery  and  consistory. 

SAMUEL  S.  LONG,  a  well  known  citi- 
zen of  York  and  a  member  of  the 
drug  firm  of  Dale,  Hart  &  Company,  was 
born  at  Carlisle,  Pa.,  July  13,  1850,  the  son 
of  Christian  M.  and  Ann  (Shrom)  Long. 
The  Lcngs  are  of  Swiss  origin  and  their 
name  was  formerly  written  Lang. 

Philip  Long,  born  Sept.  20,  1784,  the  pa- 
ternal grandfather  of  Samuel  S.  Long,  was 
born  near  Manheim,  Lancaster  county.  Pa., 
and  married  Elizabeth  Springer,  who  was 
born  Sept.  21,  1874.  He  was  a  wheelwright 
by  trade  and  also  farmed  in  Columbia 
county.  Pa.  In  politics  he  was  a  Whig 
but  did  not  take  an  active  part  in  public 
affairs.      His    children  were  John,  Joseph, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


405 


George,  Dr.  Philip,  Christian,  and  Dr. 
Samuel;  Catherine,  who  married  Philip 
Dieffenbacher;  Elizabeth,  who  married 
Charles  Howell;  Sarah,  who  married  Philip 
Kieffer;  Mary,  married  Jonathan  Shultz, 
and  Susan,  who  married  Dr.  George  W. 
Fulmer.  Subsequent  to  his  residence  in 
Columbia  county,  Mr.  Long  removed  to 
Mechanicsburg,  Cumberland  county,  where 
both  he  and  his  wife  died  and  are  buried. 

Christian  M.  Long,  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  born  near  Washingtonville,  Co- 
lumbia county,  Pennsylvania,  Aug.  14  1822. 
During  his  earlier  years  he  attended  the 
common  schools  and  worked  on  his  father's 
farm  near  Washingtonville.  When  he  had 
reached  years  of  maturity  he  learned  the 
trade  of  carriage  maker  and  followed  that 
occupation  for  many  years.  In  religion  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church.  He  believed  in  those  political  prin- 
ciples which  gave  rise  to  the  Whig  and 
Republican  parties  and  voted  for  the  candi- 
dates who  proclaimed  them.  By  his  mar- 
riage to  Ann,  a  daughter  of  Joseph  and 
Ann  (Flemming)  Shrom,  he  had  three  chil- 
dren: Alice,  wife  of  Anson  Low,  a  Chica- 
go grain  dealer  and  dredger;  Susan,  who 
died  in  infancy;  and  Samuel  S.,  who  forms 
the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Long  died  and  are  buried  in  the  old  grave 
yard  at  Carlisle,  Pa.  Mother  died  August 
10,  1857,  and  the  father  lived  until  April 
1894. 

Our  subject's  maternal  grandfather  was 
Joseph  Shrom,  who  was  born  in  Carlisle 
and  followed  tanning  very  extensively  in 
the  latter  town.  He  was  a  Whig  in  politics 
and  was  a  communicant  of  the  Reformed 
church.  His  wife  was  Ann  Flemming.  To 
that  imion  were  born  five  children:  Rebec- 
ca, deceased,  who  was  the  wife  of  James 
Culbertson;  Barbara,  wife  of  Ephraim 
Cornman,  both  deceased;  Margaret,  wife  of 
Joseph  Weibley;  and    Frances,    deceased, 


who  was  the  wife  of  Wilson  McKim  and 
Ann,  the  mother  of  our  subject.  The 
grandfather  was  a  son  of  Joseph  Shrom, 
who  was  a  native  of  York  county  and  is 
buried  in  Ashland  cemetery  at  Carlisle. 

Samuel  S.  Long  devoted  his  earlier  years 
to  his  education  which  was  acquired  in  the 
public  schools  in  Carlisle.  When  his 
school  days  were  over,  he  entered  the  El- 
liot drug  store,  September  1866,  and  re- 
mained there  for  six  months.  He  then  en- 
tered the  drug  store  of  Dr.  John  T.  Nicho- 
las, at  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania.  There 
he  remained  for  two  years,  when  he  re- 
turned to  Mechanicsburg  and  for  six 
months  worked  at  carriage  making  under 
his  father.  In  February,  1869,  Mr.  Long 
was  called  into  the  employ  of  Dale  &  Hart, 
of  York,  and  remained  there  until  Septem- 
ber in  the  following  year.  He  then  went 
to  Philadelphia  as  a  student  of  the  Phila- 
delphia College  of  Pharmacy,  from  which 
he  was  graduated  March  15,  1872.  Subse- 
quently he  went  to  Saginaw,  Michigan  and 
to  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  and  clerked  in 
drug  stores  there.  Returning  to  Mechanics- 
burg he  remained  at  horn^^  short  time  and 
then  took  up  the  drug  business  with  Dr.  J. 
H.  Boher,  at  Harrisburg,  Pa.  His  stay  in 
Harrisburg  was  brief,  however,  as  Dale  & 
Hart  sought  his  services  and  in  1873  he 
again  entered  their  employ,  continuing  with 
the  firm  until  1885,  when  he  was  made  a 
member.  During  the  greater  part  of  these 
years  he  served  as  traveling  salesman  for 
the  firm.  In  politics  Mr.  Long  is  a  pro- 
nounced Republican  and  in  religion  he  and 
his  family  are  members  of  Grace  Reformed 
church. 

On  November  21,  1883,  he  married  Clara 
R.  Matlack,  a  daughter  of  Enoch  and 
Sophia  (Rife)  Matlack,  of  Hummelstown, 
Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Matlack  was  a  tanner 
by  trade  and  in  later  life  a  farmer.  Mrs. 
Long's  parents  are  both  deceased.    To  this 


4o6 


Biugraphical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


union  have  been  born  two  children,  Marie 
and  Lawrence  Matlack. 

SAMUEL  SMYSER,  an  equally  unpre- 
tentious, useful  and  public  spirited 
citizen  of  York,  is  a  member  of  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  prolific  families  in  South- 
ern Pennsyvlania,  dating  back  in  an  honor- 
able line  to  the  Revolutionary  era  of  our 
country.  He  is  a  son  of  Mathias  and  Eli- 
zabeth (Eyster)  Smyser,  and  was  born  on 
the  old  Smyser  homestead,  known  as 
"Rugelbach,"  located  three  miles  west  of 
the  City  of  York,  in  West  Manchester 
township,  York  county,  Pa.,  October  29, 
1813. 

Near  by  the  historic  and  pleasant  little 
village  of  Rugelbach  in  the  Kingdom  of 
Wurtenberg,  Germany,  lived  Martin  and 
Anna  Barbara  Smyser  (or  Schmeisser,  as 
it  is  spelled  in  German),  industrious  peas- 
ants and  pious  Lutherans.  Martin  died, 
and  his  widow  and  two  sons,  Mathias  and 
George,  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in 
1731,  in  the  ship  Brittania,  and  shortly  after 
their  arrival  located  in  Pennsylvania. 
Mathias  Smyser  was  born  February  17, 
1715,  and  took  up  his  first  place  of  resi- 
dence near  Kreutz  Creek,  York  county, 
where  he  became  a  farmer  and  weaver. 
Subsequently,  he  removed  to  Spring  Grove, 
but  impoverishing  himself  by  open-handed 
hospitality  and  warm-hearted  generosity  he 
removed,  on  May  3,  1745,  to  the  farm  now 
owned  by  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  where 
he  died  in  1778.  He  left  three  sons.  Col- 
onel Michael,  Hon.  Jacob  and  Mathias,  Jr., 
who  resided  on  the  mansion  farm.  Mathias, 
Jr.,  married  Louisa  Schlegen,  and  their  five 
sons  were  George,  Jacob,  Mathias,  Philip 
and  Henry.  Mathias  Smyser  was  a  farmer, 
and  so  continued  until  his  death  in  1842  or 
1843.  He  married  Elizabeth  Eyster,  and 
passed  away  in  the  year  1848  at  the  age  of 
about  73  years.     They  had  four  children: 


Elizabeth,  Sarah,  Joseph  and  Samuel.  Eli- 
zabeth wedded  George  Loucks,  and  Sarah 
became  the  wife  of  Jacob  King. 

Samuel  Smyser  was  reared  on  the  home 
farm  and  trained  to  habits  of  usefulness  and 
industry.  He  received  the  customary  edu- 
cation of  his  day,  and  during  the  early  part 
of  his  life  adopted  the  traditional  occupa- 
tion of  the  family,  farming,  which  he  fol- 
lowed assiduously  and  successfully  up  till 
1863,  in  which  latter  year  he  removed  to 
York  and  became  profitably  interested  in 
quite  a  number  of  building  operations.  A 
vast  deal  of  general  interests  beside  the 
management  of  his  farm,  claimed  a  fair 
share  of  his  attention.  This  farm,  Rugel- 
bach, has  been  in  the  unbroken  possession 
of  the  Smyser  family  for  more  than  one 
hundred  and  fifty  years,  and  on  3rd  of  May, 
1846,  an  interesting  and  notable  reunion 
and  centennial  celebration  of  the  family  was 
there  held,  at  which  a  large  number  of  the 
1 162  descendants  at  that  time  of  pioneer 
Mathias  Smyser,  were  present.  Samuel 
Smyser  has  built  over  40  houses  and  several 
business  blocks  in  the  city  of  York,  besides 
improving  several  other  city  properties.  His 
present  residence  on  West  Market  street 
was  erected  in  1868,  and  is  a  substantial 
three  story  structure,  comfortably  and  thor- 
oughly furnished. 

Mr.  Smyser  is  an  active  member  of  the 
Lutheran  church,  and  in  politics  is  a  sup- 
porter of  the  Republican  party.  He  is  noted 
for  his  public  spirit,  kindness  of  heart  and 
pronounced  charity  wherever  suffering  and 
want  exists.  He  has  been  active  in  many 
measures  and  projects  for  the  material  im- 
provement and  advancement  of  his  com- 
munity, and  has  been  an  exemplary  citizen, 
without  reproach.  He  lives  at  an  ad- 
vanced age  in  a  quiet  and  unostentatious 
manner,  enjoying  the  contentment  of  a  life 
full  of  arduous  service  and  good  deeds,  as 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


407 


well  as  the  confidence  and  respect  of  his 
fellow  townsmen. 

On  September  22,  1865,  Samuel  Smyser 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Rebecca  M. 
Lewis,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Robert  Lewis,  of 
Dover,  York  county.  Mrs.  Smyser  was  a 
zealous  and  active  member  of  the  Lutheran 
church,  and  passed  away  in  1889.  Her  re- 
mains are  entombed  in  a  pleasant  spot  in 
Prospect  Hill  cemetery,  of  York,  and  on  the 
marble  shaft  rising  above  her  grave  is  the 
following  inscription:  Rebecca  M.  Smyser, 
departed  this  life  July  11,  1889,  aged  65 
years,  10  months  and  3  days. 

"Religion  filled  her  soul  with  peace. 

Upon  her  dying  bed; 

Let  faith  look  up,  let  sorrow  cease ; 

She  lives  with  Christ  o'erhead. 

Yes  faith  beholds  where  she  sits, 
With  Jesus,  clothed  in  white. 
Our  loss  is  her  eternal  gain; 
She  dwells  in  cloudless  light." 

RICHARD  REES,  a  resident  of  Delta, 
Pennsylvania,  and  a  slate  operator  of 
the  Peach  Bottom  district,  is  a  son  of  Rob- 
ert and  Jane  Rees,  and  was  born  in  Carnaer- 
vonshire,  in  the  North  of  Wales,  March  13, 
1835.  His  parents  lived  and  died  in  that 
country  and  Richard  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1855.  He  obtained  his  education 
privatelv  in  Wales,  where  he  also  acquired 
a  knowledge  of  the  slate  business.  On  ar- 
riving in  this  country  he  located  in  Delta 
and  worked  in  the  slate  quarries  for  a  time, 
afterward  engaging  in  the  business  for  him- 
self in  the  Peach  Bottom  district.  In  1862 
he  enlisted  in  Battery  A,  Third  Pennsyl- 
vania heavy  artillery,  and  served  two  years 
and  three  months  until  discharged  from  the 
hospital  on  account  of  disability  contract- 
ed in  the  service.  He  served  under  General 
Graham,  and  on  the  gun  boats  during  an 
engagement   on   the  Appomatox  river  in 


June  1864,  in  which  the  boat,  General 
Brewster,  was  destroyed.  After  returning 
from  the  war  he  took  up  the  manufacture 
of  slate  in  Peach  Bottom  district,  Harford 
county,  Maryland,  which  business  was  con- 
ducted under  the  firm  name  of  the  Peach 
Bottom  Slate  Company,  of  Harford  county, 
from  1868  unto  the  present  time,  and  in 
1886  it  was  incorporated  as  such.  Mr.  Rees 
is  president  and  superintendent,  W.  H. 
Harlan,  of  Belair,  Md.,  secretary  and  treas- 
urer. They  employ  fifty-five  men  and 
are  now  opening  another  quarry  which  will 
require  a  large  increase  in  their  force.  In 
politics  Mr.  Rees  is  a  Republican  and  takes 
an  active  interest  in  public  affairs.  For 
three  terms  he  has  been  a  school  director 
and  also  school  treasurer  of  his  district.  For 
one  year  he  served  as  burgess  of  the  bor- 
ough, being  the  second  citizen  of  the  town 
to  hold  that  office.  Besides  holding  these 
public  offices  he  has  on  a  number  of  occa- 
sions served  his  party  in  conventions  in  the 
capacity  of  delegate.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Welsh  Presbyterian  church  in  which  he 
has  for  a  number  of  years  filled  the  posi- 
tion of  deacon.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
Corporal  Bear  Post,  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic. 

July  31,  1865,  he  married  Miss  Winifred 
E.  Parry,  of  New  York  City,  and  daughter 
of  Robert  and  Gwen  Parry,  of  Dolgelhy, 
Wales,  a  Welsh  lady,  and  they  have  a  fam- 
ily of  four  children:  Robert  E.,  a  professor 
of  music  of  Delta  and  graduate  of  Peabody 
Conservatory,  of  Baltimore.  He  married 
Mary,  a  daughter  of  a  Mr.  McGonigal. 
Harry  P.,  is  a  book-keeper  in  the  employ 
of  the  Peach  Bottom  Slate  Company. 
Richard,  Jr.,  is  employed  in  the  quarry. 
Mrs.  Rees  died  August  27,  1896,  aged  fifty- 
eight  years.  Mr.  Rees  is  a  highly  esteemed 
citizen  of  his  community  and  is  a  popular 
employer. 


4o8 


Biographical  ant)  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


REV.  A.  M.  HEILMAN,  a  prominent 
young  clergyman  of  the  Lutheran 
church,  of  Shrewsbury,  was  born  in  Para- 
dise township,  York  county,  February  27, 
1867,  the  son  of  P.  W.  and  DeHah  (Moul) 
Heilman.  He  is  of  sturdy  Pennsylvania 
German  ancestry.  Peter  Heilman,  grand- 
father of  our  subject,  came  from  Lebanon 
county  and  settled  in  Paradise  township, 
where  the  two  succeeding  generations  of 
the  family  were  born  and  reared.  Mr. 
Heilman  farmed  all  his  life.  He  was  the 
son  of  a  Revolutionary  soldier.  In  politics 
he  was  a  Republican  and  in  religion  was  of 
the  Reformed  faith.  By  his  wife  he  had 
four  children:  Mrs.  Peter  Grim,  Elias  P., 
W.  and  Daniel. 

P.  W.  Heilman,  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  born  in  1836.  He  followed  farm- 
ing and  carpentering  during  his  entire  life, 
in  Paradise  township.  In  politics  he  was 
a  Republican  and  in  Religion  a  member  of 
the  Reformed  faith.  Mrs.  Heilman  was  a 
daughter  of  Solomon  and  Rebecca  Moul. 
She  was  of  the  Lutheran  faith  and  was  the 
mother  of  ten  children,  seven  of  whom  are 
living:  Rev.  PI.  M.,  located  at  Altoona;  J. 
M.,  a  farmer  at  Abbottstown;  Emma  J., 
wife  of  C.  A.  Little;  Sarah  A.,  wife  of  John 
Q.  A.  Mummert;  C.  M.,  a  farmer  of  Para- 
dise township;  Rev.  A.  M.,  our  subject; 
and  P.  M.,  carpenter  at  Hanover.  Mr. 
Heilman  died  in  1885.  His  wife  survives 
and  has  her  home  at  Hanover. 

Our  subject  received  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  and  then  took  a  course  in 
a  local  normal  school  at  New  Oxford,  Adams 
county,  after  which  he  taught  for  two  years 
in  North  Codorus  and  Paradise  townships. 
He  had,  however  intended  that  his  con- 
nection with  the  profession  of  teaching 
should  merely  serve  as  a  stepping  stone  to 
another  of  the  higher  professions  and  he 
now  terminated  his  educational  career. 

In  1885  he  prepared  to  enter  the  ministry 


by  taking  the  classical  course  in  Pennsyl- 
vania College  at  Gettysburg,  from  which 
institution  he  graduated  with  honors  in  the 
class  of  '89,  delivering  the  Latin  salutatory. 
From  the  college  he  went  to  the  Theologi- 
cal Seminary  the  succeeding  fall  and  spent 
three  years  in  the  study  of  the  Lutheran 
faith  and  theology,  graduating  in  1892.  He 
was  ordained  at  the  meeting  of  the  West 
Pennsylvania  Synod  at  York,  having  al- 
ready accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  Lutheran  church  at  Dallastown,  York 
county,  where  he  remained  for  three  years. 
His  reputation  as  an  able  thinker  and  a 
pulpit  orator  of  no  mean  ability  was  soon 
m.ade  and  as  an  evidence  thereof  he  received 
a  call  from  the  Shrewsbury  charge  in  1894. 
He  accepted  the  call  and  has  been  stationed 
at  Shrewsbury  ever  since.  Rev.  Heilman  is 
a  speaker  of  considerable  eloquence  and 
during  his  career  in  the  ministry  has  de- 
livered many  addresses  besides  his  regular 
sermons.  He  is  to-day  one  of  the  rising 
young  clergymen  of  the  West  Pennsylvania 
Synod.  In  the  York  County  Conference, 
with  which  his  connections  are  more  inti- 
mate, he  has  served  several  terms  as  secre- 
tary of  the  body. 

July  14,  1892,  he  married  Anna  C,  a 
daughter  of  Frederick  and  Margaret 
Wecker.  To  that  union  have  been  born 
two  children:    Albert  H.  M.,  and  Paul  M. 

WILLIAM  M.  HENDERSON,  JR.,  a 
well  known  citizen  of  Carlisle,  a 
civil  engineer  by  profession,  is  a  native  of 
that  borough  and  was  born  January  21, 
1864,  the  son  of  James  Wilson  and  Jane 
Byers  (Alexander)  Henderson.  He  is  of 
Sec  tch-Irish  ancestry  on  both  his  paternal 
and  maternal  side.  His  paternal  grand- 
father, after  whom  he  was  named,  was  a 
native  of  Perry  county,  but  in  early  life 
settled  in  Cumberland  county  and  became 
actively   engaged   in  milling  and  agricul- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


409 


tural  pursuits,  and  after  a  long  and  success- 
ful career  died  at  the  homestead  "Oakland," 
near  Carlisle,  in  1886,  aged  92  years. 

James  Wilson  Henderson,  father  of  our 
subject,  was  born  on  the  old  homestead, 
before  referred  to,  October  22,  1824,  and 
died  March  25,  1880.  In  early  manhood  he 
and  William  Reed  engaged  in  the  grain  and 
commission  business  in  Carlisle,  besides 
which  he  gave  considerable  attention  to 
his  large  farming  interests.  The  mother 
of  our  subject  was  Jane  Byers  Alexander, 
daughter  of  General  Samuel  Alexander, 
who,  during  his  life  was  a  distinguished  and 
prominent  member  of  the  Cumberland 
county  bar  and  Major  General  in  the  State 
volunteer  service  in  the  district.  His  wife, 
the  maternal  grandmother  of  our  subject, 
was  Ann  S.,  a  sister  of  Hon.  James  G. 
Blaine's  father,  an  aunt  of  that  distinguish- 
ed statesman. 

Wm.  M.  Henderson,  Jr.,  was  educated  at 
the  Pennsylvania  Military  College  at  Ches- 
ter, Pennsylvania,  graduating  there  in  1885. 
He  has  been  for  a  number  of  years  con- 
nected with  the  National  Guard  of  the  State 
of  Pennsylvania.  After  serving  seven  years 
as  a  member  the  the  "Gobin  Guards,"  Co. 
G,  8th  Regiment,  N.  G.  P.,  he  received  his 
present  commission.  Battalion  Adjutant  of 
the  same  regiment. 

REV.  ANDREW  EDWARDS  TAY- 
LOR, pastor  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal church  of  Mechanicsburg,  is  a  na- 
tive of  Rockbridge  county,  Virginia,  where 
he  was  born  November  26,  1833,  the  son  of 
Rev.  Stewart  and  Martha  E.  (Hickman) 
Ta3'lor.  The  Taylors  are  of  Scotch-Irish 
origin,  James  Taylor,  grandfather  of  our 
subject,  having  been  a  native  of  County 
Armagh,  Ireland.  He  was  one  of  five 
brothers  who  came  to  America  about  one 
hundred  and  thirty  years  ago  and  who, 
upon  their  arrival,  invested  the  money  they 


brought  with  them  in  land  and  slaves  in 
Rockbridge  county,  Virginia.  John  was 
killed  in  the  French  and  Indian  war,  during 
the  ill-fated  Braddock  expedition;  Can- 
foiild  was  a  prisoner  for  a  year  or  two.  He 
was  liberated  by  the  birth-throes  of  the  new 
mtion. 

George  and  James  married  daughters  of 
Captain  Audley  Paul,  who  was  also  of 
Scotch-Irish  stock  and  was  a  fellow-lieu- 
tenant with  George  Washington  in  the 
Braddock  campaign.  They  were  all  hardy, 
energetic,  Scotch-Irishm.en  of  the  old  Cov- 
enanter stock;  and  fought  gallantly  for  the 
freedom  of  America  in  the  war  of  the 
Revolution.  James  Taylor  had  a  family  of 
fourteen  children,  one  of  whom  was  Rev. 
Stuart  Taylor,  father  of  our  subject,  born 
in  Rockbridge  April  4,  1796.  He  was  a 
farmer  and  tanner.  Impressed  with  the 
evils  of  slavery,  he  became  an  anti-slavery 
man  and  as  fast  as  his  slaves  had  earned 
what  their  purchase  had  cost  him  he  liber- 
ated them.  During  the  war  he  was  a 
staunch  union  man  and  acted  as  agent  of 
the  so-called  "under  ground  R.  R.,"  to  aid 
deserters;  feeding  from  5  to  90  one 
night  and  giving  them  directions  how  to 
proceed  and  where  to  get  their  next  sup- 
plies. Being  union  all  through  he  was 
able  to  take  the  "iron-clad  oath"  to  help  in 
the  work  of  reconstruction.  He  was  for 
many  years  a  local  preacher  in  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  church. 

His  wife  was  Martha  E.,  daughter  of 
William  Hickman,  a  farmer  and  stock 
raiser  of  Bath  county,  and  of  English  des- 
cent. To  that  union  were  born  five  sons 
and  six  daughters:  William,  now  Bishop  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  Africa; 
Mary,  deceased,  wife  first  of  John  McHenry 
and  then  of  C.  A.  Harrison;  John,  who 
died  at  Mound  City,  Illinois,  while  in  the 
Union  service;  Christia  A.,  married  J.  W. 
McCowen,  of  Illinois;  Rebecca,  deceased; 


4IO 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Rachel  V.,  who  was  married  to  George 
Peterson,  of  Florida;  Eliza,  wife  of  Thomas 
Kirkpatrick,  of  Virginia;  James,  farmer  of 
Georgia;  Archibald  minister  of  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  church,  now  of  Georgia; 
Andrew  E. ;  and  Huldah,  wife  of  George 
Miller,  of  Virginia. 

Our  subject  was  brought  up  on  the  farm 
and  worked  in  his  father's  tannery  when 
not  actively  engaged  in  securing  his  earlier 
education.  Brought  up  in  a  devoutly  reli- 
gious family  his  mind  turned  toward  the 
ministry  as  the  calling  he  would  prefer  to 
pursue  and  with  this  idea  in  view  he  enter- 
ed Dickinson  College,  where  he  remained 
for  some  time  but  was  unable  to  complete 
his  course  on  account  of  ill  health.  In  1856 
he  entered  the  Baltimore  conference  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  and  has  been 
actively  engaged  in  the  work  ever  since, 
losing  but  two  or  three  Sundays  and  then 
on  account  of  sickness.  When  the  confer- 
ence was  divided  in  1857  he  became  a 
member  of  the  East  Baltimore  Conference, 
and  in  1868  when  another  division  took 
place,  he  became  a  member  of  the  Central 
Pennsylvania  Conference.  He  spent  about 
twenty- five  years  in  the  Williamsport  dis- 
trict and  came  to  Mechanicsburg  in  1894. 
Rev.  Taylor  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
body.  I 

January  3,  i860,  he  married  Cleopatra 
F.,  daughter  of  Captain  Frederick  Diehl,  of 
Cashtown,  Adams  county.  Pa.,  by  whom  he 
had  five  sons  and  two  daughters:  Rollen 
Stewart,  a  minister  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal church  at  Central  Pennsylvania  Con- 
ference; Frank  W.;  William  L. ;  and 
Olin  W.,  deceased;  Jennie  M.,  a  physician 
and  dentist,  practicing  her  profession 
in  the  Angola  district.  South  Central 
Africa;  Charles  Diehl,  a  minister  of  the 
Baltimore  Conference;  and  Olive  C,  a  stu- 
dent of  Irving  College. 


WILLIAM  H.  PEFFER,  the  present 
postmaster  of  Carlisle,  is  a  son  of 
Hon.  Henry  K.  and  Jane  M.  (Weakley) 
Peffer,  and  was  born  at  Monmouth,  War- 
ren county,  Illinois,  January  4,  1857.  He 
was  reared  at  his  native  place  and  in  Car- 
lisle, where  he  received  his  education  in 
the  common  schools  and  learned  the  trade 
of  printer  in  his  father's  newspaper  office. 
In  1889  he  became  editor  and  proprietor  of 
the  Daily  and  Weekly  Sentinel,  and  served 
in  that  capacity  up  to  August,  1894.  He 
has  conducted  the  postoffice  very  creditably 
and  his  term  will  expire  in  1898.  Mr. 
Peffer  is  a  working  Democrat,  who  is  ever 
active  in  the  interests  of  his  party.  He  is  a 
pleasant  and  congenial  gentleman,  and 
has  been  a  member  for  some  years  of  the 
Second  Presbyterian  church  of  Carlisle.  He 
is  also  a  successful  and  practical  business 
man,  owning  the  Carlisle  opera  house 
building  and  a  large  dairy  and  stock  farm 
adjoining  the  borough,  besides  being  inter- 
ested in  other  remunerative  enterprises.  In 
1882  he  founded  the  first  daily  paper  in 
Cum.berland  county. 

On  May  30th,  1883,  Mr.  Peffer  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Eleanor  Hoffman, 
a  daughter  of  the  late  Leonard  Hoffman,  of 
Carlisle.  Their  union  has  been  blessed 
with  two  children,  a  son  and  a  daughter, 
nam.ed  Henry  K.,  and  Edith. 

The  Peffer  family  is  of  German  lineage 
and  has  been  identified  with  Cumberland 
county  for  several  generations.  The  immi- 
grant ancestors  came  from  Germany  to 
what  is  now  South  Middleton  township, 
where  his  son,  Adam  Peffer,  was  born  and 
reared.  Adam  Peffer  married  twice,  first 
to  Mary  Kerr,  of  Scotch  descent,  and  after 
her  death  to  Elizabeth  Delancy,  by  whom 
he  had  several  children.  The  only  child  by 
his  first  marriage  was  Hon.  Henry  K.  Pef- 
fer, who  was  born  January  13,  1827,  and 
died  in  Carlisle,  April  13,  1891.  At  twenty- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


411 


four  years  of  age  he  removed  to  Warren 
county,  Illinois,  where  he  followed  farming 
for  ten  years,  and  then  became  a  law  part- 
ner of  Colonel  J.  W.  Davidson,  of  Mon- 
mouth, that  State,  for  three  years.  During 
that  time  in  1862  he  was  elected  in  a  Re- 
publican district  to  the  Illinois  legislature, 
in  which  he  served  with  Hon.  Melville  W. 
Fuller,  the  present  chief  justice  of  the 
United  States.  He  afterward  received  the 
unanimous  nomination  of  his  party  for 
State  Senator,  and  was  one  of  the  Presi- 
dential electors  on  the  McClellan  and  Pend- 
leton ticket.  During  1865  he  visited  Texas 
and  the  Southwest,  and  in  1866  permanent- 
ly located  in  Carlisle,  where  he  was  a  lead- 
ing journalist  and  prominent  factor  in  poli- 
tical affairs  of  the  county  until  his  death. 
In  1871  he  was  nominated  for  State  Sena- 
tor but  was  defeated  with  the  rest  of  the 
Democratic  ticket  of  that  year.  In  the  en- 
suing year  he  was  admitted  to  the  Cumber- 
and  county  bar,  shortly  afterward  took 
charge  of  the  Valley  Sentinel,  of  Shippens- 
burg,  and  two  years  later  purchased  and 
removed  that  paper  to  Carlisle,  where  he 
issued  it  as  an  Independent  Democratic 
v/eekly  and  was  its  editor  and  proprietor 
until  succeeded  by  his  son,  W.  H.,  in  1889, 
when  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Car- 
lisle by  President  Qeveland.  Mr.  PeflFer 
lived  an  active  and  useful  life,  was  honest 
and  energetic,  and  was  a  consistent  mem- 
ber of  the  Second  Presbyterian  church  of 
Carlisle,  of  whose  Sunday  school  he  was 
superintendent  for  many  years.  In  1848 
Mr.  Pefifer  married  Jane  M.  Weakley,  a 
daughter  of  Nathaniel  Weakley,  who  was 
a  farmer  and  a  member  of  the  old  Weak- 
ley family  of  Cumberland  county.  To  their 
union  were  born  four  children,  three  sons 
and  a  daughter:  William  H.,  Charles  A., 
publisher  of  the  Battle  Creek  Times,  of 
Battle  Creek,  Iowa;  Adam  F.,  a  merchant 


of   Monmouth,   Illinois;    and    Mary,    who 
married  Milton  A.  Sprout,  and  is  deceased. 

PROF.  GEORGE  W.  GROSS,  Sc.  D., 
the  present  efficient  principal  of  the 
York  County  Academy,  is  a  native  of  Jack- 
son township,  York  county,  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  born  on  January  17,  1856.  He  is 
a  son  of  Israel  F.  and  Malinda  (Hantz) 
Gross.  Mr.  Gross  received  his  elementary 
education  in  public  and  private  schools.  He 
fitted  for  college  at  the  York  County  Aca- 
demy, then  under  the  direction  of  Prof. 
George  W.  Ruby,  Ph.  D.,  and  subse- 
quently entered  Pennsylvania  College,  Get- 
tysburg, in  1873,  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated four  years  later.  Subsequent  to  his 
graduation  he  entered  the  law  ofSce  of 
Henry  L.  Fisher,  Esq.,  and  in  1879  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Bar  of  York  county.  He  then 
opened  an  ofifice  and  practiced  about  six 
months  at  the  expiration  of  which  he  was 
elected  to  the  principalship  of  the  York 
County  Academy.  This  position  he  held  for 
a  period  of  five  years,  at  the  expiration  of 
which  he  resigned  on  account  of  ill  health 
and  was  leisurely  occupied  in  private  tutor- 
ing and  other  quiet  pursuits  until  the  year 
1892.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  again 
elected  head  of  the  famous  old  academy 
and  has  so  continued  up  to  the  present 
time.  In  1880  Prof.  Gross  received  the  de- 
gree of  Master  of  Arts  from  Pennsylvania 
College  and  later  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Science,  from  sam.e  institution.  He  is  a 
man  of  fine  intellectual  culture,  unquestion- 
ed scientific  attainments  and  under  his  ad- 
ministration as  its  executive  head  the  York 
County  Academy  has  maintained  a  high 
standard  of  efficiency.  He  is  a  Republican 
in  politics,  but  takes  only  an  indifferent 
part  in  the  activities  of  that  party.  Reli- 
giously he  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran 
church  and  fraternally  a  member  of  the  Phi 


412 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Kappa   Psi,   Greek   letter   organization   of 
Pennsylvania  College. 

In  December,  1896,  Prof.  Gross  was 
united  in  marriage  with  Gertrude  Merriken. 

REV.  W.  J.  HOUCK,  pastor  of  Grace 
United  Brethren  church,  of  Carlisle, 
is  a  son  of  John  G.  and  Genivieve  (Faeth'i 
Houck,  and  was  born  in  York,  York 
county,  Pennsylvania,  April  20,  1855.  John 
Houck  was  a  native  of  Bremen,  Germany, 
where  he  learned  the  trade  of  miller.  He 
came  to  Baltimore  about  1843,  but  soon  re- 
moved to  York,  where  he  spent  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life,  excepting  the  three 
years  from  1866  to  1869.  He  quit  milling 
on  account  of  his  health  and  sought  other 
and  to  him  more  healthful  occupations.  He 
was  born  September  20,  1807,  and  died 
October  14,  1878.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Catholic  church  and  wedded  in  Balti- 
more Genivieve  Faeth,  who  had  come  over 
from  Germany  in  the  same  ship  with  him 
and  was  of  the  same  religious  belief.  Mrs. 
Houck  was  born  Christmas  1814  and  died 
May  25,  1881.  They  had  seven  children: 
John  A.,  a  tinner,  of  Baltimore;  Mary,  wife 
of  William  Davis,  of  Reading,  this  State; 
Josephine,  married  William  H.  Spangler,  of 
York  city;  Rev.  W.  J.,  and  three,  which 
died  in  infancy. 

Rev.  W.  J.  Houck  was  reared  at  York, 
received  his  education  in  the  Catholic  pa- 
rochial schools  of  that  place  and  Baltimore, 
Md.,  and  was  intended  by  his  parents  for 
the  priesthood.  He  was,  however,  con- 
verted to  the  faith  of  the  United  Brethren 
church,  and  instead  of  taking  orders  in  the 
Catholic  church  he  engaged,  in  1875,  in  the 
mercantile  business  at  Hellam,  York 
county,  where  he  served  as  a  justice  of  the 
peace  for  ten  years.  In  the  meantime  the 
subject  of  the  ministry  had  been  frequently 
called  to  his  attention  and  on  January  26, 
1889,  he  was  granted  quarterly  conference 


license.  A  year  later,  on  February  28,  1890, 
after  passing  a  thorough  examination,  he 
was  granted  annual  conference  license  at 
Chambersburg  by  Bishop  J.  Weaver,  the 
senior  bishop  of  the  United  Brethren 
church;  and  after  completing  the  required 
course  of  five  years  reading  and  examina- 
tions he  was  ordained  by  Bishop  N.  Castle, 
at  Harrisburg,  February  25,  1893.  He  was 
appointed  in  March  1890,  to  his  first  charge, 
which  was  at  Newburg,Cumberland  county, 
where  his  labors  were  blessed  by  an  in- 
crease of  152  in  membership,  and  the  finan- 
cial reports  showed  an  equally  increased 
and  healthy  condition.  Here  he  remained 
until  March,  1893,  when  he  came  to  Car- 
lisle and  took  charge  of  the  interests  of  the 
denomination  and  built  Grace  church  and 
parsonage,  with  which  he  has  labored  most 
faithfully  ever  since,  having  the  class  in- 
crease in  membership  from  15  to  250  at 
present  time. 

On  February  20,  1875,  Mr.  Houck  mar- 
ried Mary  A.  Cramer,  daughter  of  Charles 
Cramer,  of  York  city.  They  have  six  chil- 
dren, sons  and  daughters:  W.  J.,  with  the 
Bedford  Shoe  Company;  Charles  E.,  a 
salesman  in  Hefifelfinger's  clothing  estab- 
lishment; Fannie  L.,  Grace  V.;  Henry  Ot- 
terbein,  at  school,  and  Mary  Ruth. 

The  United  Brethren  in  Christ  are  dis- 
tinguished by  no  new  d':ctrines  but  are  an 
organization  in  which  the  ministers  and  the 
people,  in  the  main,  have  an  equal  propor- 
tion of  power,  and  the  rulers  hold  office 
only  by  the  authority  and  consent  of  the 
governed.  The  present  membership  of  the 
denomination  is  238,782,  having  15  educa- 
tional institutions,  and  operate  missions  in 
Africa,  China,  Japan,  Canada  and  Germany. 

PROF.  JOHN  E.  BAHN,  headmaster 
of  Eichelberg  Academy,  at  Han- 
over, Pa.,  is  a  native  of  Germany,  where 
he  was  born  on  June  24,  1841,  the  son  of 


PROF.  JOHN  E.   BAHN. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


413 


Charles  and  Sophia  (Schaarschmidt)  Bahn. 

Charles  Bahn,  father  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  was  born  in  Havelberg,  Ger- 
many, in  1806,  and  died  in  1849.  He  was  a 
surgeon  in  the  Prussian  army  and  practiced 
medicine  all  his  life.  In  religion  he  was  a 
member  of  the  German  Lutheran  church. 
He  was  the  father  of  ten  children:  Paul, 
who  served  as  captain  in  the  Franco-Prus- 
sian war  and  was  decorated  with  the  high- 
est honors  of  that  war,  died  in  1885; 
Charles  and  Otto,  whose  birth  preceded 
that  of  our  subject  are  dead;  Anna  is  the 
wife  of  C.  J.  Little,  D.  D.,  president  of  Gar- 
rett Institute  Evanston,  Illinois;  Rosa  is 
dead;  Regina,  resides  in  Berlin,  Germany; 
Max  is  dead;  Marie  lives  in  Berlin,  the  Ger- 
man capital ;  and  Charles  is  a  colonel  of  ar- 
tillery and  chief  of  the  technical  bureau  of 
the  war  department  at  Berlin.  Mrs.  Bahn 
is  still  living  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty- 
one  and  has  her  home  with  her  children  in 
Berlin. 

Prof.  John  E.  Bahn  was  born  at  Stolpe, 
Kingdom  of  Prussia,  and  received  his  edu- 
cation at  the  Werder  Gymnasium  in  Berlin 
and  another  Gymnasium  at  Zullichau.  He 
then  entered  the  German  army  and  subse- 
quently was  graduated  from  the  military 
college  at  Erfurt.  In  1861  he  was  made  an 
officer  of  the  line  and  served  three  years. 
At  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  service  in 
1864  he  left  Germany  and  came  to  America. 
The  war  of  the  Rebellion  was  then  in  pro- 
gress and  having  been  trained  as  a  soldier, 
Mr.  Bahn  enlisted  in  the  Union  army  and 
served  until  the  close  of  hostilities.  After 
the  war  he  went  to  Williamsport,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  engaged  in  private  teaching.  In 
1870  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of  languages 
in  Dickinson  Seminary  at  Williamsport, 
Pa.,  and  taught  there  eight  consecutive 
years.  Subsequently  he  left  Williamsport 
and  removed  to  Maryland,  where  he  bought 
a  country  home.  He  soon  afterward  became 


principal  of  the  Stewartstown,  York 
county,  Academy.  When  the  Glenville 
Academy  was  built  and  opened  he  became 
principal  of  that  institution.  Since  1896  he 
has  resided  in  Hanover  and  has  been  prin- 
cipal of  Eichelberg  Academy,  an  institu- 
tion which  had  its  inception  in  Glenville 
Academy.  Under  Prof.  Bahn  the  new  in- 
stitution is  in  thrifty  condition  and  has  a 
well  established  reputation  for  excellence. 
Students  are  prepared  for  college  in  the 
classical  department  and  in  the  normal  de- 
partment professional  training  is  given  to 
those  who  intend  to  enter  the  profession  of 
teaching.  Prof.  Bahn  is  a  popular  instruc- 
tor among  students  and  teachers.  He  has 
splendid  abilities  and  his  cultured  and  scho- 
larly mind  is  a  store  house  for  a  vast  and 
unusual  accumulation  of  knowledge  gained 
from  experience  as  well  as  from  books  and 
nature.  He  is  thoroughly  conversant  with 
the  principles  of  teaching  and  is  thereby 
enabled  to  transmit  by  well  directed  and 
skillful  methods  the  knowledge  of  which 
he  himself  is  a  master.  In  his  manner  he 
i?  affable,  courteous  and  refined;  and  no  ed- 
ucator in  York  county  is  more  highly  es- 
teemed than  he. 

In  religion  Prof.  Bahn  is  a  member  of  St. 
Mark's  Lutheran  church  at  Hanover.  He 
has  charge  of  the  teachers'  class  in  the  Sun- 
day school  and  is  active  in  many  good 
works,  which  inure  to  the  benefit  of  the 
church  and  Sunday  school. 

January  19th,  1866,  Prof.  Bahn  married 
Ellen,  a  daughter  of  Jonathan  and  Susanna 
Paily,  of  Baltimore  county,  Maryland.  To 
that  union  have  been  born  six  children: 
Eugene,  married  to  Havanna  Harbold;  El- 
sie, wife  of  Charles  Hoffheiser;  William, 
Rosa,  Ella,  and  Maud. 

DR.  MILTON  M.  DOUGHERTY,  a 
rising  young  physician  of  Mechanics- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  is  the  son  of  William 


27 


414 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Harrison  and  Sarah  A.  (Maust)  Dough- 
erty. He  was  born  at  Shepherdstown, 
Cumberland  county,  November  i8,  1869. 
The  Doughertys  are  of  Scotch-Irish  origin. 
George  Dougherty,  the  grandfather  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  was  a  native  of  this 
county  and  the  family  is  among  the 
oldest.  One  of  its  members,  Matthew 
Dougherty,  served  in  the  Continental  army 
from  1777  to  1779.  The  doctor's  grand- 
father was  a  tenant  farmer.  He  died  in  1852 
while  comparatively  a  young  man.  He  was 
married  to  Annie  Stallsmith,  by  whom  he 
reared  a  family  of  nine  children.  William 
H.  Dougherty,the  father  of  Dr.  Dougherty, 
was  the  next  to  the  youngest  son.  He  was 
born  in  York  county,  near  the  town  of  An- 
derson, on  August  5,  1840,  and  is  by  occu- 
pation a  carpenter,  contractor  and  builder, 
in  Mechanicsburg,  this  State,  where  he  has 
resided  for  twelve  years.  He  is  a  success- 
ful business  man  and  has  in  an  eminent  de- 
gree the  confidence  of  the  community.  He 
erected  the  two  highest  buildings  in  the 
town,  the  High  school  and  First  National 
Bank,  and  has  built  many  of  the  better  pri- 
vate dwellings  there.  In  politics  he  is  an 
ardent  Democrat  and  a  member  of  the 
school  board,  having  been  elected  in  a 
largely  Republican  ward.  He  is  a  Knight 
of  St.  John's  and  of  Malta  and  of  the  Star 
of  Bethlehem.  During  the  war  of  the  Re- 
bellion he  was  in  the  employ  of  the  gov- 
ernment. 

Sarah  (dead)  was  the  oldest  of  his  fath- 
er's sisters.  She  was  married  to  William 
Cline.  John  B.  was  a  soldier  during  the  late 
war  and  was  wounded  on  the  eighth  of  Au- 
gust, 1862,  in  one  of  the  engagements  of 
the  Peninsular  campaign.  Mariah,  another 
sister,  was  the  wife  of  John  Bear.  The  other 
members  of  the  family  are  Annie,  the  widow 
of  John  B.  Floyd;  George,  a  stone  mason, 
o'  Bowmansdale,  a  soldier  of  the  late  war, 


wounded  at  the  battle  of  Antietam;  Wil- 
liam H.,  the  venerable  father  of  the  subject; 
Emily  Jean,  wife  of  Adam  Beelman,  of 
Chicago  Junction,  Ohio;  Rachel,  wife  of 
Jerry  Marret,  a  hotel-keeper  of  this  place; 
and  Thomas  Latimer,  a  farmer  of  the  State 
of  Kansas.  The  father  of  Dr.  Dougherty 
married  Sarah,  a  daughter  of  Daniel  Maust, 
who  was  originally  of  Lancaster  county  and 
a  tailor  by  trade.  The  Mausts  were  an  old 
and  respected  Lancaster  German  family.  To 
that  union  there  were  born  but  one  son,  the 
subject.  He  received  his  primary  education 
in  the  common  schools  and  graduated  from 
the  High  schoool  in  1886.  He  then  studied 
pharmacy  and  became  a  registered  phar- 
macist, which  profession  he  pursued  for 
several  years  in  Mechanicsburg.  In  the 
year  1888  he  commenced  the  study  of  med- 
icine with  Dr.  J.  H.  Boyer,  of  Mechanics- 
burg. He  graduated  at  the  JefTerson  medi- 
cal college,  of  Philadelphia,  in  1891.  Re- 
turning to  Mechanicsburg  he  established 
himself  in  the  practice  of  his  profession 
which  he  has  pursued  ever  since.  He  has 
built  up  a  good  and  lucrative  practice  and 
has  established  an  enviable  professional 
reputation.  He  is  a  prominent  member  of 
the  National,  State  and  of  the  Cumberland 
County  ATedical  Society,  being  vice  presi- 
dent of  the  latter.  He  is  an  esteemed  mem- 
ber of  the  Patriotic  Sons  of  America,  a  past 
officer  of  the  Knights  of  St.  John  and  Mal- 
ta, of  the  Star  of  Bethlehem,  the  American 
Mechanics  and  an  F.  &  A.  Mason.  In  poli- 
tics he  is  a  Democrat,  and  was  secretary  of 
the  Cumberland  county  committee  in  1891- 
1892.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Health  in  1895,  which  position  he 
resigned  to  accept  the  office  of  council- 
man of  the  city  of  his  residence  in  1896.  On 
June  6,  1893,  Dr.  Dougherty  was  married 
t'T  Gertrude  M.  Ritter,  daughter  of  John  H. 
Ritter,  a  merchant  tailor,  of  Philadelphia. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


4'5 


HOWELL  WILLLA.MS,  a  member  of 
the  Welsh  colony  at  West  Bangor, 
is  a  son  of  William  Richard  and  Mary  (El- 
lis) Williams,  and  was  born  August  27, 
1825,  in  Talyllyn  parish.  North  Wales.  He 
came  to  America  in  1849.  In  his  native 
country  he  had  already  acquired  a  thor- 
ough knowledge  of  every  detail  of  the  slate 
business  and  soon  after  his  arrival  in  the 
United  States  he  united  himself  with  the 
Welsh  colony  at  West  Bangor  and  engaged 
in  that  business.  He  was  first,  however, 
located  at  Cincinnati.  Shortly  after  his 
arrival  at  Delta  he  entered  the  employ  of 
John  Williams,  a  countryman  who  owned 
a  slate  quarry  at  West  Bangor.  Remain- 
ing in  his  service  for  a  few  years,  he  severed 
his  connection  with  Mr.  Williams,  and  with 
a  number  of  other  miners  operated  a  quarry 
under  contract  for  five  years.  With  eight 
others  he  then  formed  a  partnership  under 
the  firm  name  of  John  Humphrey  and 
Company  and  engaged  largely  in  the  manu- 
facture of  the  slate  of  commerce.  This 
business  was  continued  25  years  and  part 
of  the  product  was  regularly  furnished  to 
the  Pennsylvania  railroad  company  under 
contract,  to  whom  they  sold  the  quarry. 
All  of  the  members  of  the  firm  are  now 
dead  except  Mr.  Williams.  In  a  few  years 
he  and  John  Humphreys  and  Hugh  C. 
Roberts  bought  the  quarry  back  which  they 
afterward  sold  to  William  C.  Parry,  when 
Mr.  William.s  retired  from  business,  twelve 
years  ago.  Mr.  Williams  owns  an  interest 
in  the  Harford  county  quarry  known  as  the 
Peach  Bottom  and  Harford  slate  quarry. 

In  politics  our  subject  is  a  Republican 
and  has  served  several  terms  as  burgess  of 
Delta.  Besides  holding  that  important  of- 
fice he  has  filled  several  terms  as  council- 
man. Like  most  of  the  Welsh  people  of 
the  Delta  district,  he  is  of  a  Presbyterian 
faith  and  is  a  member  of  the  Welsh  Calvin- 
istic  Methodist  church  in  which  he  is  an 


elder.  Mr.  Williams  is  a  fair  type  of  his 
race,  intelligent,  industrious,  prosperous 
and  devoted  to  the  cause  of  morals  and 
Christianity. 

December  8,  1869,  he  married  Eleanor,  a 
daughter  of  John  and  Elizabeth  Thomas, 
natives  of  North  Wales  who  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1849  and  settled  in  Wau- 
kesha county,  Wisconsin,  where  both  died. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Williams  have  two  daughters 
living,  Mary  and  Jennie,  both  at  home. 

SAMUEL  GOTWALT,  a  representative 
of  two  old  families  of  York  county, 
was  born  in  York,  January  10,  1825,  the 
son  of  Daniel  and  Susan  (Rupp)  Gotwalt. 
By  both  his  paternal  and  maternal  ancestry 
he  is  of  German  origin.  His  grandfather, 
Felix  Gotwalt,  was  born  in  Conewago 
township,  but  died  in  Spring  Garden  town- 
ship, near  York  in  1819,  aged  55  years.  He 
was  a  farmer  all  his  life.  His  wife  was 
Christiana  Wilt,  who  survived  her  husband 
forty  years  and  died  in  Spring  Garden 
township  at  the  venerable  age  of  ninety- 
five.  They  had  a  family  of  four  sons  and 
one  daughter. 

One  of  these  sons  was  Daniel  Gotwalt, 
the  father  of  our  subject.  He  was  born  in 
Manchester  township,  near  York,  Septem- 
ber 24,  1796,  and  died  on  the  Plank  Road 
farm  in  Spring  Garden  township,  in  August 
1886,  aged  nearly  ninety  years.  At  the  age 
of  eighteen  he  began  learning  the  carpenter 
trade  with  Peter  Small,  of  York.  This  oc- 
cupation he  followed  until  thirty-five  years 
of  age,  when  he  began  farming  in  Spring 
Garden  township  and  continued  that  calling 
until  old  age  compelled  him  to  cease  hard 
labor.  He  was  a  Lutheran  in  religion  and 
for  many  years  was  elder  of  Christ  Luther- 
an church.  In  politics  he  was  a  Whig  as 
long  as  that  party  existed;  and  when  it  dis- 
solved he  became  a  Republican.  In  Decem- 
ber, 1819,  he  married  Susanna,  a  daughter 


4i6 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


of  Christian  and  Christiana  Rupp,  a  native 
of  York  county,  by  whom  he  had  thirteen 
children:  George  F.,  Samuel,  Daniel,  David 
R.,  Benjamin,  John  J.,  Mary,  and  Susan- 
nah, eight  of  whom  survived  him. 

Samuel  Gotwalt,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm  and 
educated  in  the  common  schools.  Leaving 
school,  he  farmed  for  a  few  years  and  in 
1842  took  up  carpentering  and  followed 
that  occupation  as  a  journeyman  until  1872, 
when  he  became  a  contractor  and  builder 
and  erected  quite  a  number  of  houses  while 
he  pursued  that  business.  He  retired  in 
1893.  Mr.  Gotwalt  is  a  director  in  the 
York  County  bank  and  has  been  connected 
with  that  institution  in  that  capacity  for 
over  twenty  years.  In  politics  he  is  a  Re- 
publican. He  served  one  term  of  two  years 
in  the  York  Common  Council,  to  which  he 
was  elected  to  represent  the  Fourth  ward, 
a  strong  Democratic  bailiwick.  He  is  a 
member  of  Zion's  Lutheran  church  and  has 
served  terms  as  deacon  and  warden.  He 
has  been  a  member  of  Mt.  Zion  Lodge,  No. 
74,  L  O.  O.  F.,  since  1846.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  Mt.  Vernon  Encampment,  No. 
18,  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fel- 
lows, and  is  now  one  of  the  oldest  members 
of  that  organization  in  York. 

November  3,  1851,  he  married  Mary  D., 
a  daughter  of  Charles  and  Sarah  Shultz 
Spangler,  of  York,  by  whom  he  had  three 
sons  and  one  daughter:  Ida  K.,  at  home; 
Milton  Spangler,  a  compositor  in  the  Daily 
office;  S.  Horace,  a  druggist  in  the  employ 
of  Dr.  Shearer;  and  Arthur  C,  a  painter 
and  paper  hanger  of  Baltimore,  Maryland. 

JOHN   McCOY,   vice   president   of   the 
York  Card  &  Paper  Company,  is  the 
son  of  Robert  and  Elizabeth  (Wentz) 
McCoy,  and  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Sep- 
tember   15,    1856.     The    McCoys    are    of 
Scotch-Irish  ancestrv  and  came  from  the 


north  of  Ireland.  John  McCoy,  grand- 
father of  our  subject,  emigrated  to  America 
from  that  section  in  1830  and  located  in 
Philadelpha,  where  he  died  December  12, 
1874,  aged  75  years.  He  was  a  gardener 
and  florist  by  occupation  all  his  life.  He 
took  an  active  interest  in  both  politics  and 
religion — as  a  Whig  and  then  a  Republican 
in  the  former  sphere  and  as  a  member  and 
trustee  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church  in 
the  latter.  He  married  Miss  Margaret  Mc- 
Cay,  and  reared  a  family  of  3  sons  and  a 
daughter. 

Robert  McCoy,  father  of  our  subject,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  December  3,  1838, and 
has  always  lived  in  that  city,  a  plumber  by 
occupation,  a  Republican  in  politics  and  a 
Presbyterian  in  religion.  He  married 
Elizabeth  Wentz  in  May,  1855,  and  reared 
a  family  of  four  sons  and  four  daughters. 
Two  other  daughters  died  3'oung. 

John  McCoy  obtained  a  good  education 
in  the  ptiblic  schools  of  Philadelphia,  and 
then  entered  the  mill  of  Howellin  Brothers, 
Philadelphia,  wall  paper  manufacturers, 
where  he  learned  the  business  and  remained 
twelve  years.  From  this  place  he  entered 
the  employ  of  Janeway  &  Company,  New 
Brunswick,  New  Jersey,  as  foreman  and 
remained  with  that  firm  five  years.  Return- 
ing to  Philadelphia  he  assumed  charge  of  a 
similar  business  for  A.  A.  Yerkes.  Two  or 
three  years  afterward  he  was  transferred  to 
York  by  Mr.  Yerkes  to  take  charge  of  his 
mill  here,  which  he  did  in  1889.  When  Mr. 
Yerkes  removed  his  business  from  York, 
Mr.  McCoy  remained  and  organized  the 
York  Card  &  Paper  Company,  becoming 
vice  president  and  manager,- — positions 
which  he  has  held  ever  since  in  connection 
with  the  flourishing  business  which  has 
been  built  up.  The  plant  of  the  company 
has  become  one  of  the  largest  in  the  coun- 
try. It  employs  220  workmen,  many  of 
them  skilled,  and  turns  out  about  14,000,- 


NiNlETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


417 


000  rolls  of  wall  paper  yearly.  The  capital 
stock  is  $100,000.  Its  product  is  shipped 
t(;  all  parts  of  the  United  States.  Besides 
his  connecticn  with  this  business,  Mr.  Mc- 
Coy is  interested  in  a  clay  mine  operated  by 
the  York  clay  company,  of  which  corpora- 
tion he  has  been  secretary  since  its  organi- 
zation in  1895.  Mr.  McCoy  has  followed 
in  the  footsteps  of  his  fathers  in  politics 
and  religion,  being  a  Republican  in  one- 
faith  and  a  Presbyterian,  in  the  other. 

In  February,  1878,  he  married  Miss 
Catharine  Wallace  Smith,  a  native  of  Scot- 
land, who  came  to  America  and  became  a 
resident  of  Philadelphia.  They  have  three 
children:  John  Smith,  attending  Mercers- 
burg  college  in  preparation  for  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania  classical  and  law 
courses;  Elizabeth  Wallace  and  Robert 
Douglas,  students  at  the  York  Collegiate 
Institute.  Mr.  McCoy  is  distinguished 
for  his  thorough  knowledge  of  the  wall  pa- 
per business  and  for  the  mastery  of  its 
details.  In  his  home  life  he  is  social  and 
genial  and  in  his  adopted  town,  in  the  few 
years  he  has  lived  there,  he  has  made  a  most 
favorable  impression  upon  the  people  who 
have  come  in  contact  with  him. 

ARTIN  LUTHER  EBERT,  a  re- 
tired  business  man  of  York,  Pennsyl- 
vania, is  a  son  of  Henry  and  Sarah  (Smy- 
ser)  Ebert,  and  was  born  in  the  city  in 
which  he  now  resides  on  April  4,  1848. 

The  Ebert  family  is  of  German  descent, 
Michael  Ebert  the  original  ancestor  of  the 
family  in  the  United  States,  having  emigra- 
ted from  Wurtemburg,  Germany,  about  the 
year  1742.  Shortly  after  his  arrival  he 
came  to  York  county  and  took  up  between 
six  and  seven  hundred  acres  of  land  along 
the  Codorus  creek,  starting  from,  or  near 
what  is  known  as  the  High  Rock.  The 
farms  of  Charles  Smyser,  Allen  Ebert,  Mar- 
tin Ebert,  Martin  Hoke  and  Albert  Light- 


ner  all  were  originally  incorporated  in  that 
tract.  Michael  Ebert  had  six  sons  and  three 
daughters,  whose  names  are  as  follows: 
Michael,  Jacob,  Jonas,  Philip,  Martin,  Su- 
sanna, Anna  Maria  and  Eve.  Upon  the 
death  of  Michael  Ebert,  senior,  his  eldest 
son,  Michael,  purchased  two  tracts  of  land 
at  the  appraised  value  of  twelve  thousand 
dollars,  which  a  few  years  later  he  sold  to 
his  youngest  brother  Martin  and  with  his 
family  removed  to  Chambersburg,  Frank- 
lin county.  Pa.  Philip  lived  on  the  farm 
now  owned  by  Charles  Smyser  and  at  his 
death  Martin  bought  the  farm  and  became 
the  owner  of  the  whole  tract.  John  moved 
up  the  river  but  subsequent  history  reveals 
nothing  of  his  future  movements.  Jacob 
or  Jonas,  their  is  an  uncertainty  which,  was 
accidentally  killed  while  cutting  timber. 
Martin  married  Anna  Maria  Smyser,  a 
daughter  of  Mathias  Smyser,  by  whom  he 
had  five  sons  and  three  daughters:  George 
Martin,  Daniel,  Adam,  Michael,  Susanna, 
Anna  Maria,  and  Helena.  Adam,  the  grand- 
father of  our  subject,  married  Elizabeth 
Eyster  and  had  two  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters: Henry,  Martin,  Elizabeth  and  Sarah, 
the  first  born  of  whom  is  the  father  of 
Martin  Luther. 

Henry  Ebert  was  born  in  the  vicinity  of 
York  February  12,  1809,  and  died  on  March 
28,  1884.  He  was  a  large  farmer  by  occu- 
pation, a  Republican  in  politics  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Lutheran  church.  On  February 
12,  1835,  he  was  joined  in  marriage  with 
Sarah  Smyser,  a  daughter  of  Jacob  Smyser, 
by  whom  he  had  live  children:  Charles, 
Anna  Maria,  Henry  A.,  Martin  Luther  and 
Sarah  Jane.  Charles  A.,  married  on  No- 
vember 16,  1864,  Laura  Hofifman,  of 
Bucyras,  Ohio,  and  at  present  resides  in 
Kansas  City,  Kansas.  Anna  Maria  lives  in 
'^ifork;  Sarah  Jane,  the  youngest,  married 
Rev.  Charles  C.  Lanius  March  19,  1874, 
who  died  January  3,  1897.    Henry  A.  mar- 


4i8 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


ried  Mary  A.  Sceller,  of  Mount  Joy,  Pa., 
en  June  17,  1870,  and  resides  in  York. 

Martin  Luther  Ebert  was  reared  in  the 
vicinity  of  York  on  his  father's  farm  and  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  York  County 
Academy  and  at  the  Pennsylvania  State 
College.  At  the  age  of  twenty-two  years 
he  engaged  in  merchandising  and  remained 
in  that  business  until  1884,  at  the  end  of 
which  time  he  practically  retired  from  ac- 
tive business.  He  now  gives  his  attention 
to  his  real  estate  and  other  interests  in  the 
city  of  York  and  its  immediate  vicinity.  He 
is  president  of  the  Standard  Building  and 
Loan  Association,  a  director  of  the  Central 
Market  house  and  is  connected  with  a  num- 
ber of  other  minor  projects.  He  is  a  Re- 
publican in  politics,  a  member  of  the  Luth- 
eran church  and  also  of  the  Independent 
Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  in  which  latter  or- 
ganization he  has  been  variously  honored. 

JOHN  H.  YEAGLEY,  M.  D.,  who  has 
been  a  successful  practitioner  in  York 
for  over  nineteen  years,  is  a  son  of  Dr. 
Henry  and  Sarah  Dibert  Yeagley  and  was 
born  in  Johnstown,  Cambria  county.  Pa., 
October  13,  1852.  He  completed  his  liter- 
ary education  in  Victoria  College,  Coburg, 
Ontario.  He  was  engaged  in  the  drug  busi- 
ness for  five  years,  read  medicine  with  his 
father,  and  entered  Hahnneman  Medical 
College,  Philadelphia,  in  1876  from  which 
he  was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1878. 
Shortly  after  graduation  he  came  to  York, 
rapidly  acquired  a  good  practice,  and  has 
since  continued  to  reside  in  that  city.  He  is 
a  practitioner  of  general  medicine,  has 
reached  a  creditable  degree  of  prominence 
in  his  profession,  and  at  the  present  writing 
is  one  of  the  leading  physicians  of  the 
homeopathic  school  in  York  county.  He 
holds  membership  in  the  Beaver  Street 
Methodist  Episcopal  church,  with  which  he 
has  been  connected  for  many  years.     On 


April  29,  1891,  Dr.  Yeagley  was  joined  in 
marriage  with  R.  Elizabeth  Buckingham, 
a  daughter  of  John  W.  and  Rebecca  Buck- 
ingham, descendents  of  some  of  the  oldest 
families  of  York  and  Adams  counties. 

Henry  Yeagley,  the  grandfather  of  John 
H.,  was  an  early  settler  and  farmer  near 
Uniontown,  Fayette  county,  Pennsylvania. 
He  afterward  moved  to  Connellsville,  where 
he  died.  His  son,  Dr.  Henry  Yeagley,  was 
born  on  the  farm  near  Uniontown,  Fayette 
county,  Pennsylvania,  his  parents  having 
moved  there  from  New  Jersey  a  short  time 
before  his  birth.  He  inherited  the  German 
element  from  his  father's  side  of  the  house, 
while  on  his  mother's  side  the  line  of  des- 
cent was  English.  His  maternal  grand- 
father bore  the  honored  name  of  Lincoln, 
a  descendant  from  the  same  stock  from 
which  the  lamented  President  sprung.  He 
practiced  medicine  for  many  years  at 
Johnstown,  and  there  associated  with  him- 
self in  practice  his  two  brothers,  Benjamin 
and  Andrew. 

The  following  characterization  of  Dr. 
Henry  Yeagley  is  taken  from  a  well  known 
medical  journal:  "Among  the  honored 
names  of  early  and  successful  eclectic  medi- 
cal men  of  recent  times,  that  of  Dr.  Henry 
Yeagley  is  worthy  of  a  conspicuous  place. 
The  popularity  of  eclecticism  now  in  the 
section  of  the  country  where  he  labored  in 
its  interests,  is  an  evidence  of  the  success- 
ful manner  in  which  he  discharged  the  du- 
ties of  a  reformer.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  he 
was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  disseminating 
the  principles  of  liberal  ideas  in  the  medical 
world.  It  must  be  remembered  when  he 
began  to  practice  in  1848  the  dominant 
school  was  using  calomel  and  bloodletting, 
ad  libitum,  with  results  familiar  to  all  with 
memories  dating  back  that  far.  This  irra- 
tional treatment  has  long  since  been  aband- 
oned, and  the  credit  of  this  and  many  other 
reforms  is  largely  due  to  the  leavening  in- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


419 


fluences  of  the  homeopathic  and  eclectic 
schools  of  medicine."  In  1876  he  became  a 
resident  of  Lancaster  city,  where  he  still 
continues  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He 
was  appointed  member  of  the  State  Eclectic 
Medical  Examining  Board  by  Governor 
Pattison,  and  reappointed  by  Governor 
Hastings.  He  is  a  Methodist  religiously, 
and  wedded  Sarah  Dibert,  a  daughter  of 
John  Dibert,  of  Johnstown,  Pa.  To  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  Yeagley  were  born  five  children,  John 
H.,  subject,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  Shaub, 
shoe  merchant  of  Lancaster,  Pa.;  Dibert 
Lincoln,  farmer,  of  Kansas ;  Rella,  who  was 
n'arried  to  Finley  H.  Torrens,  of  Pittsburg, 
Pa.,  and  Dr.  James  M.,  now  practicing  with 
his  father  in  Lancaster. 

DR.  JOHN  W.  DEHOFF,  one  of  the 
most  skillful  and  prominent  physi- 
cians of  York,  is  a  son  of  John  and  Susan 
(Shamberger)  DeHoff.  He  was  born  near 
Manchester,  Carroll  county,  Maryland,  on 
June  20,  1848.  The  Maryland  branch  of  the 
DeHoff  family  is  of  French  Huguenot  des- 
cent, but  for  four  generations  its  descend- 
ents  have  been  identified  with  the  history 
of  York  county.  John  DeHofif  came  from 
France  prior  to  the  Revolutionary  war,  in 
which  latter  he  served  as  a  brave  and  faith- 
ful soldier,  and  in  the  year  1800  built  the 
house  still  standing  on  the  old  homestead 
farm  in  Carroll  county,  Maryland.  Here  he 
passed  the  waning  years  of  his  life.  His 
son,  Samuel,  was  the  father  of  John  De- 
Hofif, whose  son,  Dr.  John  W.,  is  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch.  John  DeHofif,  like  his 
father  and  grandfather  before  him,  was  a 
practical  and  successful  farmer.  He  took 
unusual  pride  in  educating  his  son,  was  a 
man  of  fine  public  spirit,  and  died  at  the 
age  of  45  years.    His  wife  survived  him. 

Dr.  John  W.  DeHoff  spent  his  boyhood 
days  on  the  farm,  received  his  education  in 
Manchester  Academy  and  Irving  College, 


and  afterward  pursued  a  business  course  at 
the  Bryant  and  Stratton  Business  College, 
Baltimore,  Maryland,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  at  the  close  of  his  course  in  the 
year  1867.  Subsequently,  he  taught  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  county  for  five 
years,  and  at  the  end  of  that  period  com- 
menced the  study  of  medicine  with  Dr. 
Charles  A.  Geiger,  of  Baltimore.  After 
completing  the  required  course  of  reading 
he  entered  Hahnnemann  Medical  College 
and  Hospital  of  Philadelphia,  graduating  in 
the  year  1876.  He  first  located,  after  re- 
ceiving his  degree,  at  Union  Bridge, 
Carroll  county,  Maryland,  where  he  re- 
mained 14  years  in  the  enjoyment  of  a  lu- 
crative practice,  and  rose  to  a  commanding 
position  in  his  profession.  In  1890  he  de- 
cided to  leave  Union  Bridge  in  order  to 
secure  better  educational  advantages  for  his 
children  than  were  affo:ded  at  that  place, 
and  consequently  came  to  York,  whose  in- 
stitutions of  learning  offered  the  advantages 
he  sought.  His  success  in  York  as  a  prac- 
titioner was  equally  pronounced  and  last- 
ing, and  at  the  present  time  he  is  accounted 
one  of  its  best  citizens  and  most  successful 
practitioners. 

On  May  26,  1870,  Dr.  DeHoff  married 
Charlotte  E.  Shower,  a  daughter  of  Hon. 
Adam  Shower,  formerly  judge  of  the  or- 
phan's court  of  Carroll  county  for  many 
years.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  DeHoff  have  four 
children:  Dr.  John  Edmund,  a  graduate 
of  Franklin  &  Marshall  College,  of  Lancas- 
ter, Pennsylvania, and  also  a  graduate  of  the 
Southern  Homeopathic  Medical  College, 
Baltimore,  Maryland,  Mary  Helen,  (de- 
ceased), Leonora  Kate,  and  George  Wil- 
liam. 

Dr.  DeHoff  is  independent  in  politics,  an 
elder  in  Grace  Reformed  church,  of  whose 
Sunday  school  he  is  superintendent,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  and  exhibits 
a  marked  degree  of  interest  in  all  educa- 


420 


Biographical  and  Portrait.  Cyclopedia. 


tional,  moral  and  religious  afifairs.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Medical 
Society,  has  given  special  attention  to  the 
subject  of  gynecology,  and  is  a  thorough 
student  of  medical  literature.  He  is  a  man  of 
unusual  courtesy  and  gentleness  of  manner, 
commanding  personality  and  unblemished 
character. 

CAPTAIN  A.  W.  EICHELBERGER, 
one  of  the  public-spirited  citizens  of 
Hanover,  is  a  worthy  representative  of  the 
old  and  honored  Eichelberger  family  that 
has  been  resident  in  Pennsylvania  for  near- 
ly one  hundred  and  fifty  years.  He  is  a  son 
of  Jacob  and  Maria  (Wirt)  Eichelberger, 
and  was  born  at  Hanover,  York  county, 
Pennsylvania,  December  6,  1819.  Captain 
Eichelberger  is  a  descendant  in  the  fourth 
generation  from  Philip  Frederick  Eichel- 
berger, who  was  a  son  of  John  and  Maria 
Barbara  Eichelberger,  and  was  born  April 
17,  1693,  at  Itlingen  near  Sinsheim  in  the 
Grand  Duchy  of  Baden  afterward  a  state 
in  the  Confederation  of  the  Rhine,  and  now 
a  part  of  the  German  empire.  He  was  mar- 
ried on  November  11,  1714,  to  Anna  Bar- 
bara Dorners,  and  upon  preparing  to 
leave  Germany  received  from  the  au- 
thorities of  Itlingen  a  testimonial  of  his 
good  character  and  honorable  standing 
which  is  dated  May  11,  1728,  and  has  been 
for  several  years  in  the  possession  of  Edwin 
-S.  Eichelberger,  a  great-great  grandson 
and  resident  of  Frederick,  Maryland.  Philip 
Frederick  Eichelberger  with  his  wife  and 
four  children  and  thirty  Palatinate  families, 
amounting  in  all  to  one  hundred  persons, 
on  June  22,  1728,  embarked  at  Rotterdam 
in  the  good  ship  "Albany"  whose  captain  or 
shipmaster  was  Lazarus  Oxham,  and 
landed  at  Philadelphia,  September  4,  of  the 
same  year.  For  the  next  fifteen  years  there 
is  no  record  to  be  found  of  Mr.  Eichelber- 
ger but  it  is  to  be  presiuned  that  he  was 


working  at  various  places  to  procure  the 
money  with  which  on  September  13,  1743, 
he  purchased  a  land  warrant  from  the 
Penns  for  175  acres  of  land  in  Manheim 
township,  Lancaster  county,  on  which  he 
settled,  built  a  house  and  cleared  out  a  good 
farm.  Two  years  later  he  purchased  140 
acres  additional,  and  on  April  28,  1761,  pur- 
chased of  Leonard  Low,  a  land  warrant  for 
220  acres  in  Manheim  township,  York 
county,  on  which  he  lived  for  a  number  of 
years.  He  died  September  19,  1776,  at 
Hanover  aged  83  years,  five  months  and 
two  days.  His  remains  now  slumber  in  the 
old  historic  burying  ground  about  one  mile 
north  of  Hanover.  Philip  Frederick  Eich- 
elberger was  twice  married,  and  the  chil- 
dren by  his  first  marriage  were:  Martin; 
Frederick ;  Anna  Margaret,  married  to  Vin- 
cent KeifTer;  Barbara,  wife  of  Andrew 
Hoke;  and  Elizabeth  who  wedded  Jacob 
Smyser.  Martin,  the  eldest  son,  was  prom- 
inently identified  with  the  early  history  of 
York,  being  present  when  it  was  laid  out 
and  commissioned  a  court  justice  in  1760 
under  George  III,  in  the  first  year  of  his 
long  reign,  and  a  justice  of  the  peace  under 
the  State  Constitution  of  1776.  He  held 
lot  No.  120,  was  an  original  member  of  the 
First  Lutheran  church  at  York,  married, 
and  died  in  1781,  leaving  seven  children: 
George,  who  was  a  high  sherifif  of  York 
county  from  1768  to  1771,  served  as  a  quar- 
ter master  of  the  York  Militia,  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Provincial  Convention  of  1776, 
and  died  about  1781 ;  Frederick  was  a  large 
land  holder,  who  died  in  1824,  at  84  years 
of  age,  leaving  eight  children:  John, 
Thomas,  Daniel,  George,  Bernard,  William, 
Charles  and  Sarah;  he  served  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary vi'ar,  and  was  elected  sheriff  of  York 
county  in  1804,  and  afterward  removed  to 
Reisterstown,  Maryland,  where  he  died  in 
1832,  aged  eighty-nine  years;  Bernard  of 
whom  we  have  no  account;  Martin,  served 


y^^^t^^^^^^^x^T..^.^^-^:^^^^^ 


NiN'ETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DiSTRICT. 


421 


in  the  Revolutionary  war,  riding  to  Boston 
at  18  years  of  age,  commanding  the  com- 
pany raised  by  Captain  Nicholas,  and  serv- 
ing in  the  Wyoming  campaign  with  credit 
and  distinction;  was  weigh-master  for  45 
years  at  Baltimore  where  he  died  October 
2,  1840,  aged  eighty-two  years,  leaving  sev- 
eral children  of  whom  Jesse  was  killed  at 
Fort  McHenry  in  1814,  and  Otho  W.,  was 
a  prominent  merchant  of  Baltimore,  on 
Howard  street,  for  over  fifty  years;  Susanna 
became  the  wife  of  Daniel  Barnitz ;  and 
Mary  who  married  William  T.  Coale.  Of 
Frederick  Eichelberger,  the  second  and 
youngest  son,  and  of  Philip  Frederick,  the 
immigrant,  nothing  is  known  after  his  com- 
ing to  this  country  with  his  father. 

By  the  second  marriage  of  Philip  Freder- 
ick Eichelberger  were  born  four  children: 
Captain  Adam,  Leonard,  Jacob  Sr.,  (grand- 
father) and  Lewis.  Captain  Adam  Eichel- 
berger, commanded  a  company  of  York 
county  associates  during  the  Revolution, 
came  into  the  possession,  in  1776,  of  the 
homestead  farm  and  mill  in  Manheim,  now 
Heidelberg  township,  three  miles  east  of 
Hanover,  married  Magdalena  Bechtel,  and 
died  in  1787  aged  forty-eight  years,  leaving 
eight  children:  Frederick,  Michael,  Sam- 
uel, Adam,  Joseph,  Salome  and  Magdalena; 
Leonard  was  a  farmer,  married  Elizabeth 
Smyser  and  their  children  were:  John, 
Mary,  (Mrs.  Barney  Welty),  Sarah  (Mrs. 
Frederick  Welty),  Susan  (Mrs.  Lewis 
Shearer),  Lydia  (Mrs.  Daniel  Daily),  and 
Elizabeth  (Mrs.  H.  Richenbaugh) ;  Hon. 
Jacob  was  a  justice  and  ex-sheriff  of  York 
county,  served  in  the  legislature  in  1807  and 
left  three  daughters:  Eliza  (Mrs.  Dr.  G.  L. 
Shearer),  Maria  (Mrs.  James  McCosh),  and 
Catharine  (Mrs.  Enoch  Young);  Hon. 
Frederick  was  a  farmer  and  resident  of 
Frederick  City,  Maryland,  served  in  the 
Pennsylvania  legislature  from  181 5  to  181 7, 
and  in  the  State  Senate  in   1819;  married 


Catharine  Baker,  and  died  leaving  no  chil- 
dren: George  removed  to  Frederick 
county,  Maryland,  of  which  he  was  register 
of  wills  for  thirteen  years,  married  Sarah 
Grayson,  and  his  sons  were:  Miles,  Hon. 
Grayson  (a  State  Senator  and  Secretary  of 
State  under  Governor  Grayson),  Henry  and 
Allan;  Hon.  John,  was  a  farmer  and  justice 
of  the  peace,  who  served  in  the  Pennsyl- 
vania legislature  in  1825,  and  left  two  sons: 
John  and  Alexander.  Jacob  Eichelberger, 
Sr.,  was  the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch;  Lewis  Eichelberger  lived  and 
died  in  Adams  county  and  left  four  chil- 
dren: Adam,  and  three  daughters  who  are 
dead. 

Jacob  Eichelberger,  Sr.,  was  a  farmer  and 
hotel  keeper  of  Hanover.  He  died  in  181 1 
and  his  remains  were  first  interred  in  St. 
Matthews  Lutheran  graveyard  from  which 
they  were  subsequently  removed  to  Mount 
Olivet  cemetery.  He  married  Anna  Maria 
Reiniker.  They  had  but  one  child,  Jacob 
Eichelberger  (father)  who  was  born  in  1775. 
He  was  a  farmer,merchant  and  hotel  keeper 
at  Hanover  for  many  years,  and  became  ac- 
tive and  prominent  in  the  affairs  of  the  bor- 
ough, and  many  leading  enterprises  of  the 
county.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the 
Maryland  Line  Turnpike  company,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  organizing  the  Han- 
over Savings  bank  of  which  he  became 
president  in  1835.  He  was  a  careful  and  pru- 
dent business  man,  served  ver)'  acceptably 
as  a  bank  president,  and  died  in  1843,  in  the 
68th  year  of  his  age.  He  was  twice  mar- 
ried. His  first  wife  was  Elizabeth  Nace, 
who  died  and  left  three  children:  Louisa, 
wife  of  George  Trone;  Maria,  married  Ja- 
cob Young;  and  Elizabeth,  who  wedded 
;\richael  Barnitz.  For  his  second  wife  he 
wedded,  in  1806,  Maria  Wirt,  who  was  a 
daughter  of  Christian  Wirt,  of  Hanover.  By 
his  second  marriage  he  had  eight  children: 
iMatthew,  Jacob  and  Henry,  who  are  de- 


4^22 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


ceased;  Catharine;  Maria,  who  wedded  S. 
A.  McCosh,  and  died  in  Georgia,  in  1868; 
Captain  A.  W. ;  Rufus,  deceased,  who  was 
president  of  the  Hanover  Savings  Fund  So 
ciety ;  Amanda,  married  A.  F.  Gitt,  and  died 
in  1871 ;  and  Amelia. 

Captain  A.  W.  Eichelberger  was  reared 
at  Hanover  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools,  and  served  a  three  years  ap- 
prenticeship to  the  carpenter  trade  with 
Conrad  Moul,  of  Westminster,  Maryland. 
He  afterward,  in  1843,  paid  a  visit  to  his 
brother  Jacob  in  Georgia,  and  while  there 
arranged  for  the  shipment  of  carriages  and 
damask  coverlets  to  that  State,  which  busi- 
ness he  continued  for  several  years.  He 
and  his  brother  subsequently  purchased  the 
Wehadkee  flour  and  saw  mills  of  Alabama 
which  were  confiscated  by  the  Confederates 
in  1861,  but  returned  to  him  after  the  war. 
From  1845  to  1852  he  spent  his  winters  in 
the  South  looking  after  his  business  inter- 
ests there,  and  his  summers  at  Hanover, 
where  he  had  the  supervision  of  his  moth- 
er's property. 

During  this  period  he  was  elected  captain 
of  an  infantry  company  of  citizen  soldiers 
called  the  "United  Blues"  which  he  drilled 
with  great  care.  He  also  drilled  a  cavalry 
company  known  as  the  "'Fourth  Dragoons." 
As  a  military  officer  he  was  a  general  fav- 
orite. In  his  early  life  he  was  a  devoted 
Whig  and  in  the  political  campaigns  of 
1844  and  1852  he  went  on  the  stump  as  a 
speaker.  He  is  now  a  Republican.  He  is 
a  regular  attendant  on  the  services  of  St. 
Mark's  Lutheran  church  and  a  liberal  con 
tributor  to  all  objects  of  benevolence  and 
charity.  He  is  unmarried.  Captain  Eich- 
elberger, with  three  other  public  spirited 
citizens  in  1872,  presented  to  Hanover  the 
beautiful  fountain  which  adorns  Centre 
Square  and  adds  so  much  to  the  attraction 
of  the  town.  He  also  with  others  has 
founded  and  made  self-sustaining  two  acad- 


emies, one  of  which  bears  his  honored  fam- 
ily name.  Devoted  during  life  to  the  dis- 
interested support  of  the  right  as  God  gives 
him  to  see  the  right,  he  is  always  to  be 
found  in  the  front  rank  of  those  who  labor 
for  the  good  of  mankind.  He  takes  a  lively 
interest  in  the  welfare  of  his  native  town, 
and  is  unqualifiedly  popular  among  his 
neighbors  and  fellow-citizens. 

r^  OL.  JAMES  A.  STAHLE,  late  repre- 
V_y  sentative  of  the  19th  Congressional 
district  in  the  National  House  of  Represen- 
tatives, is  a  native  of  West  Manchester 
township,  where  he  was  born  January  11, 
1830,  the  son  of  John  and  Sarah  (Small) 
Stable,  the  latter  a  daughter  of  Major  Ja- 
cob Small.  Both  the  Stable  and  Small 
families  are  of  German  origin  and  for  years 
have  been  very  conspicuously  identified 
with  the  counties  of  York  and  Adams. 

John  Stable  served  two  terms  as 
Register  of  York  county  and  for  many 
years  as  justice  of  the  peace.  He 
had  twelve  children:  Jacob  S.  Stable, 
lawyer,  dead;  Hon.  Ednian  W.  Stable,  edi- 
tor, living;  Catharine  Stable,  dead;  Sarah 
Stable,  living;  James  A.  Stable,  living. 
Henry  J.,  who  with  our  subject  learned 
the  trade  of  printer  during  an  apprentice- 
ship of  three  years  in  the  office  of  the  York 
Gazette,  and  who  at  the  age  of  twenty-one, 
bought  the  Gettysburg  Compiler,  which  he 
conducted  for  about  fifty  years  at  the  same 
time  becoming  very  prominently  identified 
with  Democratic  politics  in  Adams  county 
and  in  the  State;  Wm.  Stable,  druggist, 
dead;  Isabella  Stable,  dead;  Mrs.  Ellen 
Crawford,  dead ;  Virgnia  Stable,  dead ;  Mrs. 
Franklin  S.  Weiser,  dead;  Henry  I.  Stable, 
dead. 

Col.  Stable  acquired  his  education  in  the 
common  schools  and  at  the  York  County 
Academy,  then  under  the  leadership  of 
Rev.    Stephen    Boyer,   a   prominent   Pres- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


423 


byterian  minister  and  noted  local  edu- 
cator of  his  day.  In  1847  Mr.  Stable  be- 
came an  apprentice  in  the  tailoring  trade 
with  Joseph  Hursh  in  Rupp's  building, 
Centre  Square,  and  later  became  a  member 
of  the  firm,  which  was  known  as  Hursh  and 
Stable.  For  several  years  they  success- 
fully conducted  a  merchant  tailoring  estab- 
lishment on  West  Market  street. 

In  1858  Mr.  Stable  became  the  agent  of 
the  Adams  Express  company,  at  York,  a 
position  he  held  until  his  country  called  on 
him  to  take  up  arms  in  defense  of  the  flag 
and  for  the  preservation  of  the  Union. 
Years  of  training  in  the  Famous  Worth  In- 
fantry, a  local  military  company,  so  thor- 
oughly drilled  that  it  is  said  its  peer  was  not 
to  be  found  throughout  the  entire  country, 
had  eminently  equipped  our  subject  to  take 
the  active  and  distinguished  part  which  he 
did  from  the  outset  almost  to  the  close  of 
the  war.  During  the  summer  of  1861,  when 
the  full  extent  and  gravity  of  the  secession 
movement  began  to  dawn  upon  the  admin- 
istration, and  it  became  evident  to  the  mili- 
tary authorities  at  Washington  that  the 
struggle  between  the  two  sections  would 
be  bitter  and  prolonged,  Thomas  A.  Scott, 
president  of  the  Pennnylvania  railroad  com- 
pany and  Assistant  Secretary  of  War,  in- 
spired the  organization  of  a  regiment  re- 
cruited in  the  counties  of  Adams,  Cumber- 
land and  York,  which  at  first  was  known 
as  the  Thomas  A.  Scott,  but  later  as  the 
87th  Regiment  of  Pennsylvania  Infantry. 
Mr.  Scott's  purpose  in  organizing  this  regi- 
ment was  to  provide  an  adequate  military 
body  for  the  defense  of  the  Northern  Cen- 
tral railroad,  which  was  an  important  line 
of  communication  and  transportation  be- 
tween the  north  and  the  City  of  Baltimore. 
The  regiment  was  mustered  into  the  ser- 
vice on  August  24th,  1861,  and  at  once  pro- 
ceeded to  guard  duty  along  the  Maryland 
end  of  the  road. 


After  several  month's  service  along  the 
Northern  Central  railroad  the  regiment  was 
transferred  to  the  Army  of  West  Virginia, 
where  it  remained  during  the  summer  and 
winter  of  '62,  rendering  able  service  in  sup- 
pressing the  guerillas  under  Imboden,Mos- 
by  and  other  Confederate  chieftains;  and 
up  until  the  advance  of  Lee's  army  north- 
ward in  the  invasion  which  culminated  in 
the  battle  of  Gettysburg.  During  that  ad- 
vance the  regiment  took  a  conspicuous  part 
in  the  engagements  at  Winchester  in  June, 

1863,  between  the  seven  thousand  Union 
troops  under  command  of  General  Milroy 
and  the  Confederate  division  of  forty-five 
thousand  m.en  under  General  Johnson.  La- 
ter on  the  regiment  was  assigned  to  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  and  participated  in 
Grant's  campaign  agamst  Richmond.  Capt. 
Stable  had  meanwhile  become  major  and 
then  lieutenant  colonel  of  the  regiment.  He 
fought  in  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness, 
Spottsylvania,  Cold  Harbor,  Bermuda  Hun- 
dred, Weldon  railroad,  Wopping  Heights 
and  numerous  minor  engagements  of  this 
campaign.  After  this  eventful  career  he 
was,  with  his  regiment,  transferred  to 
Washington;  and  on  the  ninth  day  of  July, 

1864,  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Monocacy. 
The  nineteenth  day  of  September  found  him 
fighting  gallantly  in  the  battle  of  Opequan 
under  the  brave  and  dashing  Sheridan.  La- 
ter he  was  in  the  battle  of  Fishers'  Hill, 
after  which  the  regiment  marched  as  far  as 
Woodstock,  Virginia,  and  thence  to  York, 
where,  on  October  13,  1864,  Col.  Stable  and 
his  comrades  in  the  regiment  were  honor- 
ably discharged  after  a  continuous  and  ac- 
tive service  of  three  years  and  two  months. 
At  one  period  of  his  service  the  Colonel  was 
temporarily  in  command  of  the  67th  regi- 
ment Pennsylvania  volunteer  infantry,  and 
also  in  charge  of  the  brigade  with  which  his 
regiment  was  connected. 

Since  the  war  the  Colonel  has  become 


424 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


actively  identified  with  the  Grand  Army  and 
when  the  grand  review  took  place  at  Wash- 
ington in  1892,  he  led  his  post,  General 
John  Sedgwick,  No.  37,  in  the  parade,  as  its 
commander.  He  is  also  a  prominent  mem- 
ber of  the  Union  Veteran  Legion  and  was 
Colonel  of  the  York  Encampment  for  one 
year. 

His  integrity  as  a  man  and  his  business 
ability  were  quickly  recognized  by  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  now  lamented  Lincoln, 
under  whom  he  served  as  deputy  collector 
of  internal  revenue  for  the  Ninth  district, 
which  office  he  continued  to  hold  through 
the  admnistrations  of  Grant,  Hayes,  Gar- 
field and  Arthur.  In  1894,  despite  his  ex- 
treme disinclination  to  abandon  the  quiet, 
domestic  and  tranquil  life  he  led  amid  the 
peaceful  surroundings  of  his  country  home 
near  Emigsville,  he  was  prevailed  upon  to 
accept  the  nomination  for  Congress  on  the 
Republican  ticket.  Identified  as  he  had 
been  with  the  preservation  of  the  Union 
and  equally  as  conspicuously  with  the 
church  and  agricultural  interests  of  the  dis- 
trict, there  were  few  men  who  had  the 
friends  he  could  boast;  and  his  nomination 
was  followed  by  a  great  wave  of  enthusiasm 
which  swept  many  of  his  political  oppo- 
nents into  earnest  and  avowed  support  of 
his  candidacy.  Though  the  district  had 
frequently  cast  as  high  as  five  thousand 
Democratic  majority,  his  popularity  was  so 
effective  as  to  turn  this  into  a  Republican 
majority  of  two  thousand  five  hundred. 

The  policy  of  the.  Fifty-fourth  Congress, 
it  will  be  remembered,  was  intended  to  be 
from  the  outset  one  that  would  not  need- 
lessly irritate  the  country's  business  inter- 
ests by  the  agitation  of  certain  legislation 
which  had  marked  the  career  of  previous 
Congresses.  Hewing  close  to  the  lines  laid 
down  by  Speaker  Reed  at  the  beginning 
of  the  session,  both  as  a  code  of  dicipline 
and  a  policy  for  the  majority.  Col.  Stable 


took  a  quiet,  yet  thoroughly  able  and  intel- 
ligent part  in  the  deliberations  and  actions 
of  its  sessions.  He  was  particularly  court- 
eous in  his  attitude  toward  his  constituents 
and  despite  the  numerous  demands  made 
upon  his  time  and  services,  he  gave  dili- 
gent attention  to  such  interests  as  they  en- 
trusted to  his  care  or  in  which  they  soli- 
cited his  assistance.  His  record  was  such, 
coupled  with  his  popularity  and  the  desire 
of  the  people  of  the  district,  as  to  have 
commanded  his  re-nomination;  and  his 
county  took  steps  to  accomplish  that  by 
enthusiastically  endorsing  him  and  accord- 
ing him  the  privilege  of  selecting  the  dele- 
gates to  the  district  conference.  This  was 
a  time,  however,  of  great  confusion  in  Re- 
publican State  politics,  the  ramifications  of 
which  extended  into  every  school  district 
in  the  State  and  produced  conditions  which, 
though  in  no  sense  personally  prejudiced  to 
the  Colonel,  made  it  impossible  for  his 
friends  to  control  a  united  or  harmonious 
conference  and  accomplish  his  nomination. 
Besides,  the  district  had  a  fight  of  its  own 
upon  the  basis  of  apportioning  delegates 
among  the  several  counties  and  this  served 
to  further  complicate  matters.  Therefore, 
when  the  conference  met  at  Hanover,  1896, 
it  hardly  opened  before  a  split  occured. 
The  delegates  of  Adams  and  Cumberland 
held  a  separate  session,  refused  to  partici- 
pate with  those  from  York,  and  nominated 
Frank  A.  Hollar,  who  was  recognized  by 
the  State  department  as  the  regular  nomi- 
nee. Colonel  Stahle's  friends  were  not  sat- 
isfied that  the  outcome  was  the  most  de- 
sirable or  that  their  candidate's  rejection 
was  entirely  honorable,  in  view  of  his  rec- 
ognized availability;  and  shortly  after  steps 
were  taken  to  place  him  in  the  field  as  an 
independent  candidate.  This  was  accom- 
plished by  circulating  nomination  papers 
which  were  very  numerously  signed  by  the 
Republicans,  particularly  of  York  county. 


Eng'dved  D^  J  R  Rioe  5  Sons 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


425 


and  in  portions  of  Cumberland  where  they 
were  circulated.  After  remaining  in  the 
field  for  some  time  and  as  it  became  appar- 
ent that  the  differences  between  the  two 
ends  of  the  district  could  not  be  harmon- 
ized, Col.  Stable  came  out  in  a  letter  of 
withdrawal  in  which  he  stated  that  he 
thought  it  best  to  afford  the  friends  of 
sound  mone)'  an  opportunity  to  unite  and 
preserve  the  district  to  that  cause.  He 
himself  did  all  he  could  toward  that  end; 
but  in  the  succeeding  election  the  district 
was  carried  by  the  Democratic  candidate. 

Mr.  Stable  is  and  has  been  for  the  past 
twenty-five  years  an  active  member  and 
earnest  worker  in  the  United  Brethren 
church.  He  was  one  of  the  originators 
of  the  Emigs'  Grove  Camp-meeting  Asso- 
ciation and  of  its  successor,  the  Penn  Grove 
Association.  He  was  for  several  years  a 
trustee  of  Lebanon  Valley  College,  at  Ann- 
ville;  and  is  at  present  a  trustee  of  the 
Aged  Peoples'  Home  of  the  United 
Brethren  church,  at  Mechanicsburg.  He 
has  been  actively  engaged  in  Sunday  school 
work  for  years  and  is  president  of  the  Sun- 
day School  Union  of  the  townships  of  Con- 
ewago,  Dover,  Manchester,  West  Man- 
chester and  East  Manchester  and  of  Man- 
chester borough.  In  the  past  twenty  years 
he  has  in  his  Sunday  school  work  traveled 
more  miles  than  would  be  required  to 
girdle  the  earth.  Mr.  Stable  was  instru- 
mental in  the  building  of  the  United  Breth- 
ren churches  at  Manchester  and  Hellam: 
and  the  Centre  Square  church  in  Manches- 
ter township  is  an  outgrowth  of  a  Sunday 
school  organized  by  him. 

The  Colonel  has  always  been  interested 
in  agricultural  and  horticultural  pursuits. 
His  ability  has  been  recognized  by  the 
foremost  men  in  the  agriculture  of  the 
State,  who  have  caused  him  to  use  pen  and 
tongue  in  demonstrating  the  benefits  of 
farming  by  improved  methods.    At  present 


he  is  a  member  of  the  executive  board  of 
the  Mount  Gretna  Agricultural  and  Me- 
chanical Association;  is  a  life  member  of 
the  York  County  Agricultural  Society,  of 
which  he  has  twice  been  an  officer  for  sev- 
eral years;  and  was  twice  honored  by  Gov- 
ernor Pattison  with  appointments  as  dele- 
gate to  the  National  Farmers'  Congresses 
which  met  at  Savannah,  Georgia,  and  at 
Parkersburg,  West  Virginia.  He  has  always 
been  in  close  touch  with  the  State  Board 
of  Agriculture.  Colonel  Stable  is  still 
the  possessor  of  the  honorable  title,  "tiller 
of  the  soil,"  and  daily  manages  his  farm  in 
Manchester  township.  Personally  he  is  one 
of  the  most  agreeable  men  in  York 
county,  hospitable  to  an  unusual  degree 
and  always  full  of  reminiscences  of  earlier 
times,  politics  and  war  which  could  find 
no  more  delightful  narrator  than  he.  His 
friendship  is  cherished  by  those  to  whom  it 
is  accorded  and  no  man  in  the  district  pro- 
bably has  a  larger  or  more  devoted  follow- 
ing than  Col.  Stable.  At  the  present  time, 
when  speculation  is  already  rife  concern- 
ing the  next  Congressional  nomination,  his 
name  is  prominently  mentioned  for  the 
honor. 

Mr.  Stable  was  married  three  times.  His 
first  wife  was  Mary,  daughter  of  Samuel 
and  Elizabeth  Spangler.  They  had  five 
children;  Mrs.  Stable  died  in  July  1865.  Mr. 
Stable's  second  wife  was  Catharine  Beltz, 
daughter  of  Charles  Beltz,  and  by  whom  he 
had  three  children;  Mrs.  Stable  died  in 
June  1890.  In  december  1894  he  married 
Anna,  daughter  of  the  late  Jacob  Gartman. 
To  that  union  has  been  born  one  child, 
Cornelia  Anne  Stable. 

TOHN  LINDNER,  JR.,  the  head  of  the 
large   and   prosperous   Lindner   Shoe 
Company    interests,    is    a    native    of 
Newark,  New  Jersey,  where  he  was  born 
November   22,    1857.      He   is   the   son   of 


426 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


John,  St.,  and  Sophia  M.  Lindner;  and  is 
of  German  ancestry. 

Mr.  Lindner's  father  is  a  native  of  Ried- 
enhausen,  Ober-Franken,  Germany,  and 
was  born  in  1820  at  the  old  family  resi- 
dence in  that  town  where  generations  of 
sturdy  old  burgers  of  the  Stadt  had  pre- 
ceded him.  He  was  a  son  of  Henry  and 
Elizabeth  Lindner,  who  were  natives  and 
life-long  residents  of  Riedenhausen.  The 
former  was  employed  in  the  Government 
postal  service  of  Unter-Franken  all  his  ac- 
tive life,  having  entire  charge  of  the  postal 
service  of  the  provinces. 

John  Lindner,  Sr.,  was  educated  in  the 
subscription  schools  of  his  native  town  and 
upon  the  completion  of  his  education,  en- 
tered the  employ  of  his  father  in  the  capa- 
city of  a  clerk.  Subsequently  he  became 
treasurer  of  the  Beickeburg  Brewing  Com- 
pany, a  position  he  filled  until  1848,  when 
he  married  and  emigrated  to  America.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Lindner  located  in  Newark,  New 
Jersey,  where  they  still  reside  enjoying  the 
comforts  and  ease  of  a  well-spent  life,  the 
former  in  his  seventy-eighth  and  the  latter 
in  her  seventy-seventh  year  (1897).  Here 
Mr.  Lindner  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  clothing  and  attained  an  eminent  degree 
of  success  in  the  calling.  Politically,  in  his 
adopted  country,  he  affiliated  with  the  Re- 
publican party:  in  religion  he  was  a  Luth- 
eran. His  marriage  with  Sophia  M..  a 
daughter  of  Adolph  Dormhurst,  of  Beicke- 
burg, resulted  in  the  birth  of  three  chil- 
dren: Frederick  W.,  a  furniture  dealer  of 
Louisville.  Ky. ;  Elizabeth  B.,  the  wife  of 
Frederick  Heilman,  superintendent  of  the 
Waltham  Manufacturing  Company,  Walt- 
ham,  Mass.;  and  John  W.,  our  subject. 

John  Lindner,  Jr.,  now  a  resident  of 
Carlisle,  Pa.,  where  the  Lindner  Shoe 
Works  are  located,  was  born  in  the  resi- 
dence where  his  father,  long  since  retired 
from  active  business,  has  resided  ever  since 


he  came  to  America.  His  education,  con- 
sisting of  a  general  knowledge  of  the  vari- 
ous branches  of  study  and  a  business  train- 
ing, was  acquired  in  the  public  schools  of 
Newark,  and  in  the  New  Jersey  Business 
college.  After  abandoning  his  studies  he 
entered  the  employ  of  Bannister  &  Tich- 
ner,  shoe  manufacturers,  of  Newark,  N.  J., 
where  he  successfully  acquired  a  thorough 
practical  knowledge  of  all  the  details  of 
the  shoe  business.  In  1882  he  connected 
himself  with  the  firm  of  Reynolds  Broth- 
ers, Utica,  New  York,  and  later  managed 
successfully  the  Port  Jervis,  New  York, 
factory  for  the  same  firm.  Six  years  later 
he  came  to  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania,  as  gen- 
eral manager  and  superintendent  of  the 
Carlisle  Shoe  company.  His  management 
was  very  successful  and  demonstrated  his 
eminent  capabilities  in  this  department  of 
manufactures.  From  a  small  factory, 
making  two  hundred  pairs  of  shoes  a  day, 
after  being  established  about  twenty  years, 
Mr.  Lindner,  in  three  years'  time,  devel- 
oped it  to  a  point  where  its  output  was  in- 
creased seven  fold  and  made  it  at  the  time 
one  of  the  largest  and  best  paying  shoe 
factories  in  the  country.  In  1892  he  or- 
ganized the  Lindner  Shoe  company,  of 
which  he  is  the  head  and  general  manager. 
He  made  his  company  the  most  successful 
industry  in  the  Cumberland  Valley  and  the 
largest  in  Cumberland  county,  employing 
three  hundred  hands  all  the  year  round  and 
paying  its  stockholders  nine  to  ten  per 
cent,  each  year.  Mr.  Lindner's  policy  has 
always  been  to  protect  the  interests  of  the 
stockholder  wherever  he  is  interested.  He 
has  no  love  for  the  methods  generally  em- 
ployed by  corporations.  Mr.  Lindner  is  an 
expert  judge  on  raw  materials  and  finished 
products  and  personally  superintends  the 
selection  of  stock  as  well  as  the  details  of 
the  ofifice  and  mechanical  departments,  and 
it  is  mainly  to  him,  his  energetic  efforts 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


427 


and  practical  experience  that  the  unparal- 
leled success  of  the  company  is  attribut- 
able. The  management  is  creditable  and 
commendably  liberal  in  its  policy  toward 
its  employees;  creditable,  from  the  circum- 
stance that  it  is  managed  so  as  to  secure  to 
its  employees  work  and  wages  the  year 
round,  through  dull  seasons  as  well  as 
busy;  liberal  from  the  fact  that  of  its  three 
hundred  employees,  all  but  a  few  errand 
bo)'s  and  messengers  are  adults  and  receive 
a  just  and  fair  compensation.  The  factory 
is  one  of  the  best  equipped  in  the  country, 
and  is  so  constructed  as  to  conserve  the 
comfort  and  health  of  the  employees  as  fully 
a?  possible.  Its  output  is  from  one  thousand 
to  twelve  hundred  pairs  per  day.  The 
goods  produced  are  hand-turns  and 
welts,  Goodyear  turns  and  welts  and  Mc- 
Kay sewed  shoes  and  Oxford  ties  and  all 
the  latest  styles  of  lasts  and  colors. 

Mr.  Lindner  is  one  of  Carlisle's  best 
known,  most  popular,  progressive  and 
public  spirited  citizens  and  in  politics  is  a 
Republican,  though  not  in  the  general  ac- 
ceptation of  the  term  a  politician;  nor  has 
he  ever  been  an  aspirant  for  political  honors 
or  preferment.  But  he  has  always  taken  a 
prominent  and  intelligent  interest  in  pub- 
lic affairs  and  good  government  in  local, 
State  and  national  administrations.  He 
is  a  believer  in  protection  principles, 
is  an  enthusiastic  member  of  the  Manu- 
facturers' Qub,  of  Philadelphia,  and  an  ar- 
dent adherent  of  President  AfcKinley.  Be- 
ing a  native  of  Newark,  New  Jersey,  he  is 
quite  well  acquainted  with  Vice  President 
Hobart  and  during  the  campaign  which  re- 
sulted in  the  election  of  the  present  admin- 
istration he  organized  and  equipped  the 
Lindner  Light  Guards,  who  carried  oiT  the 
honors  for  their  fine  appearance  in  the 
various  towns  where  they  participated  in 
parades. 

Mr.  Lindner  at  the  present  time  is  serv- 


ing as  president  of  the  Mechanics'  Build- 
ing and  Loan  Company,  where  all  the  pro- 
fits go  to  the  poor  man  who  borrows 
money  to  build  a  home,  the  non-borrowers 
receiving  legal  interest  instead  of  giving 
the  non-borrowers  all  the  profits  made  bv 
borrowers.  This  institution  has  been  in  ex- 
istance  for  about  twenty  years  and  is  oper- 
ated very  successfully. 

In  1884  Mr.  Lindner  was  married  to  Ma- 
tilda B.,  a  daughter  of  C.  W.  Metz  and  Ma- 
tilda B.  Metz,  by  whom  he  has  had  one 
child,  J.  Austin.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lindner 
are  both  members  of  the  Lutheran  church. 
Their  home  is  in  a  beautiful  residence,  sur- 
rounded by  trees,  shrubbery  and  flowers, 
on  corner  of  Louther  St.  and  College  Ave. 
In  it  are  copies  of  a  number  of  rare  and 
valuable  paintings,  masterpieces  of  many 
of  the  most  celebrated  artists  of  ancient  and 
modern  times,  and  evidences  of  cultivated 
taste,  culture  and  refinement. 

TACOB  HAY,  M.  D.,  one  of  the  oldest 
and  most  honored  physicians  of 
York,  is  a  son  of  Dr.  Jacob  Hay,  Sr., 
and  Sarah  (Beard)  Hay,  and  was  born  in 
the  city  of  York,  Pennsylvania,  August  3, 
1833.  The  Hay  and  Beard  families  were 
among  the  original  colonial  settlers  west  of 
the  Susquehanna  river  and  have  been  both 
prominent  and  conspicuous  in  the  early 
and  more  recent  history  of  the  State.  The 
Hay  family  is  of  Scotch  origin,  and  the 
derivation  of  their  name  is  attributed  by 
ClifTord  Sims  in  his  "Origin  and  Signifi- 
cance of  Scottish  sirnames"  to  an  incident 
which  transpired  about  the  year  980  and 
in  the  reign  of  Kennett  III.  of  Scotland. 
The  Danes  having  invaded  Scotland  were 
encountered  by  Kennett  near  Clancarty,  in 
Perthshire.  At  the  first  clash,  the  Scotts 
gave  way  and  fled  through  a  narrow  pass 
where  they  were  stopped  by  a  countryman 
of  great  courage  and  his  two  sons,  who 


428 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


had  no  other  weapons  than  the  yokes  of 
their  plows.  The  old  man  upbraided  the  fu- 
gitives for  cowardice  and  rallied  them  so 
that,  turning  upon  the  Danes  they  defeated 
them  and  compelled  them  to  fiy.  After  the 
victory  the  old  man  was  found  lying  on  the 
ground  and  wounded,  crying  "hay!  hay!" 
which  became  the  sirname  of  his  poster- 
ity. As  a  reward  for  his  service  the  King 
gave  the  brave  old  Scotchman  a  portion  of 
the  best  land  in  the  country.  The  extent 
of  this  tract  was  to  be  as  much  as  a  falcon 
should  fly  over  before  alighting  on  the 
ground.  The  bird  that  was  released  flew 
over  an  extent  of  ground  six  miles  in 
length  and  alighted  on  a  stone  which  con- 
tinues to  this  day  to  be  known  as  the  Fal- 
con Stone.  As  a  further  reward  the  King 
ennobled  the  familyand  assigned  as  its  arms 
a  device  of  three  shields  or  escutcheons, 
signifying  that  the  father  and  two  sons 
were  three  fortunate  shields  for  Scotland. 

The  land  referred  to  was  in  the  famous 
Cowrie  district,  the  very  garden  spot  of 
Scotland.  It  has  been  said  that  "none  of 
the  name  have  ever  been  known  to  submit 
gracefully  to  a  defeat,  except  when  they 
could  not  help  it."  Certain  it  is,  that  pluck 
fortitude,  gallantry  and  other  noble  quali- 
ties have  often  in  succeeding  generations 
exemplified  the  striking  characteristics  of 
the  family. 

John  Hay,  great-great-grandfather  of 
our  subject,  was  born  in  Alsace,  then  in 
France,  about  1733.  He  emigrated  to 
America  and  was  naturalized,  1760,  in  the 
county  of  York.  He  was  one  of  the  pro- 
vincial magistrates;  a  commissioner  of  the 
county  from  1772  to  1775:  a  member  of  the 
committee  of  correspondence  to  send  aid 
to  the  people  of  Boston  in  1774!  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  committee  of  safe- 
ty for  York  county,  December  16,  1774; 
was  made  treasurer  of  that  committee  and 
was  re-elected  a  member  for  one  year  on 


November  3,  1775;  and  was  a  delegate  to 
the  provincial  convention  held  in  Philadel- 
phia, January  23,   1775.     During  the  war 
between  the  colonies  and  the  mother  coun- 
try he  served  as  first  Jieutenant  of  the  In- 
dependent Light  Infantry  Company,  com- 
manded by  Captain  George  Irwin,  which 
was  a  part  of  the  first  battalion  of  York 
county,  and  of  Colonel  James  Smith's  bat- 
talion of  Associators.     He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  State  convention  in   1775, 
and  was  a  delegate  to  the  provincial  con- 
ference to   form   an   independent   govern- 
ment which  met  at  Carpenter's  Hall,  Phil- 
adelphia, June   18,   1776;  and  also  to  the 
convention  of  July  15,  1776,  which  met  at 
Philadelphia  to  frame  the  first  constitution 
of  that  city.     In  1776  Mr.  Hay  served  as 
first  lieutenant  of  Captain  William  Baily's 
company  and  marched  with  his  comrades 
to  form  the  flying  camp  in  Eastern  New 
Jersey.     He  was  appointed  sub-lieutenant 
for  York  county,  March  12,  1777,  and  re- 
signed to  accept  the  office  of  treasurer  in 
1778,  a  position  which  he  filled  almost  un- 
interruptedly until  1801.  During  the  years 
of    1 779- 1 782- 1 783- 1 784,    he    served    as    a 
member  of  the  Assembly  of  Pennsylvania. 
Subsequent  to  1776,  he  had  been  appoint- 
ed   sub-lieutenant    of    York    county    with 
the  rank  of  lieutenant  colonel  and,  as  resi- 
dent military  officer  in  the  continental  ser- 
vice, he  had   charge  of  the  organization, 
equipment  and    destination    of    the    York 
county  troops.     His  name  appears  in  the 
list  of  those  entitled  to  pay  for  service  in 
the  militia.     He  died  in  April  1810.     His 
son,  Jacob  Hay,  grandfather  of  our  subject, 
was  born  in  Scotland,  and  during  the  Rev- 
olution, served  as  a  corporal  in  Moylan's 
cavalry  regiment.    He  became  a  successful 
merchant  and  justice  of  the  peace  at  York. 
His  son,  Dr.  Jacob  Hay,  Sr.,  was  a  gradu- 
ate   of    Princeton    college,    read    medicine 
with    the    celebrated    Dr.    John    Spangler, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


429 


and  after  graduating  at  the  University  of 
Maryland,  in  medicine,  practiced  his  pro- 
fession for  more  than  a  half  century  in 
York  county.  He  was  active  and  promi- 
nent as  a  citizen  as  well  as  successful  and 
influential  as  a  physician.  He  served  as 
president  of  the  York  bank  for  a  number 
of  years,  was  a  devoted  friend  of  education 
and  for  a  long  term  of  years  was  a  trustee 
of  the  York  County  Academy.  The  date 
of  his  birth  was  1801  and  of  his  death  April 
29,  1874.  He  married  Sarah  Beard,  a 
daughter  of  George  Beard,  who  in  early 
days  settled  in  Spring  Garden  township, 
where  he  secured  his  title  to  a  large  tract 
of  land  through  the  exchange  of  a  pick  and 
shovel  to  the  Indians  then  dominant  in  this 
section  of  the  county.  He  subsequently  fol- 
lowed farming  and  milling  to  good  advan- 
tage and  with  profitabe  results.  Mrs.  Hay 
died  July  24,  1874,  aged  70  years,  leaving 
to  survive  her  a  family  of  eight  children: 
Dr.  John,  deceased;  Mary  E.,  widow  of 
Rev.  J.  A.  Brown,  D.  D.,  one  time  presi- 
dent of  the  Lutheran  Theological  seminary 
at  Gettysburg,  Pennsylvania;  Caroline; 
Louisa,  widow  of  W.  H.  Davis;  Dr.  Jacob, 
subject;  William,  a  graduate  of  Pennsyl- 
vania college,  and  member  of  the  York 
County  Bar,  deceased;  Henry  and  Sarah, 
both  deceased. 

Dr.  Jacob  Hay  grew  to  the  years  of  ma- 
turity in  York,  obtained  his  literary  educa- 
tion in  the  York  County  Academy,  and  at 
19  years  of  age,  after  the  usual  preliminary 
preparation,  entered  the  medical  depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Maryland,  Bal- 
timore, from  which  he  was  graduated  in  the 
class  of  1854.  After  his  return  from  Balti- 
more he  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  and  soon  advanced  himself  to  a 
position  of  respect  and  prominence  in  his 
fraternity.  This  position  has  been  emi- 
nently sustained  through  his  subsequent 
professional   career.       No  one  is  held  in 


higher  esteem  either  as  a  citizen  or  medical 
practitioner  than  is  Dr.  Hay.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  County,  State  and  National 
Medical  Associations,  in  each  of  which  he 
is  held  in  regard  as  a  valued  member.  He 
is  president  of  the  York  and  Susquehanna 
Turnpike  Company,  and  for  the  past  18 
years  has  served  as  director  in  the  York 
National  Bank.  When  the  city  of  York 
was  still  in  its  boroughhood,  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  school  board,  and  to  a 
place  in  its  council,  and  when  tTie  honors 
of  cityhood  came,  he  was  still  retained  as 
an  advisor  of  unusual  wisdom  and  care  in 
the  educational  and  municipal  affairs  of  the 
community.  Dr.  Hay  is  a  Knight  Templar 
Mason  and  in  politics  has  long  been  an  in- 
telligent supporter  of  the  Republican  party. 
He  is  a  member  of  St.  Paul's  Lutheran 
church,  is  philanthropic  in  spirit  and  was 
one  of  the  first  advocates  of  the  establish- 
ment of  the  York  City  Hospital  and  Dis- 
pensary. 

In  1865,  Dr.  Hay  married  Catharine 
Louisa  Elizabeth  Smyser,  a  daughter  of 
Joseph  Smyser,  and  a  descendant  of  Ma- 
thias  Smyser,  who  came  from  Wurtenberg, 
Germany,  in  1731.  The  Smyser  family  is 
one  of  the  noted  historic  families  of  York 
county,  and  has  been  fully  traced  in  connec- 
tion with  other  sketches  in  this  volume. 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Hay,  have  five  children: 
Sarah  Ellen,  wife  of  Francis  A.  Stevens, 
of  New  York  city;  Lucy  Kate;  Catharine 
Smyser;  Joseph  Smyser  and  Jacob. 

SS.  NEELY,  Attorney-at-Law  and  a 
•  citizen  of  Gettysburg,  is  a  son  of  J. 
Cassat  and  Alice  (Schmucker)  Neely,  and 
was  born  in  that  borough  on  April  7th, 
1866.  He  is  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry.  His 
paternal  grandfather  was  Col.  James  L. 
Neely,  who  was  born  in  Tyrone  township, 
Adams  county,  Pa.,  February  20th,  1801. 
His  great-grandfather,  James  Neely,  was 


430 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


born  in  Adams  county  and  was  a  farmer 
throughout  life.  His  great-great-grand- 
father, Samuel  Neely,  came  from  the  North 
of  Ireland  and  settled  in  Adams  county  in 
1730.  He  took  up  a  large  tract  of  land 
and  named  it  Tyrone,  after  his  native 
county  in  Ireland.  S.  S.  Neely's  paternal 
grandfather's  children  were  Mary  J.,  Mar- 
garet, Josephine,  J.  Cassat  and  J.  Upton. 
On  his  maternal  side  the  grandfather  was 
Rev.  Samuel  S.  Schmucker,  D.  D.,  first 
president  of  the  Theological  Semin- 
ary at  Gettysburg,  who  continued  to  be 
President  for  nearly  40  years,  and  was,  for 
many  years,  at  the  head  of  the  Lutheran 
Church  in  the  United  States.  Col.  James 
L.  Neely  was  a  candidate  for  the  Legisla- 
ture in  1854,  but  was  defeated  by  the  Know 
Nothing  movement.  J.  Cassat  Neely  was 
educated  at  Pennsylvania  College;  gradu- 
ated in  1856;  studied  law  with  Hon.  D. 
McConaughy,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Bar 
in  1859.  He  was  in  continuous  practice 
until  the  dav  of  his  death.  May  2Tst,  1894. 
In  poh'tics  he  was  a  Democrat.  He  served 
as  District  Attorney  for  6  years  for  Adams 
county,  and  was  Internal  Revenue  Collec- 
tor during  President  Jackson's  Adm.inistra- 
tion.  He  was  a  gentleman  of  high  char- 
acter: a  consistent  member  of  the  Presby- 
terian church  of  Gettysburg,  and  one  of  its 
trustees  for  a  num.ber  of  years.  He  was 
highly  and  honorably  esteemed  by  all  who 
knew  him.  His  children  were  S.  S.,  our 
subject;  James  L. ;  deceased;  Mary  C,  and 
Sarah  C.  His  wife  is  still  living.  He  and 
our  subject  were  in  partnership  6  j'ears  be- 
fore he  died.  He  was  very  obliging  and 
had  a  multitude  of  friends  and  left  behind 
him  a  reputation  of  which  his  descendents 
may  well  be  proud.  S.  S.  Neely,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  biography,  was  educated  at 
Pennsylvania  College  in  Gettysburg  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Class  of  1885.  He 
read  law  with  his  father  and  was  admitted 


to  the  Bar  April  7th,  1888,  entering  at  once 
into  partnership  with  his  father  and  remain- 
ing with  him  until  the  latter's  death.  Since 
that  time  he  has  conducted  the  practice 
alone.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat.  He  was 
appointed  State  Statistical  Agent  for  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  in  May,  1892, 
and  is  now  agent  for  the  States  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  New  York.  He  was  married 
to  Agnes  White  Chaney  of  Allegheny,  Pa., 
May  15th,  1894.  They  have  one  child, 
Martha  Booth.  Mr.  Neely  is  a  member  of 
Good  Samaritan  Lodge,  No.  336,  F.  &  A. 
M.,  of  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

HON.  SAM'L  McCURDY  SWOPE, 
President  Judge  of  the  Adams-Ful- 
ton judicial  district  and  a  resident  of  Get- 
tysburg, .Adams  county,  was  born  in  the 
latter  borough  October  4,  1850,  the  son  of 
John  A.  and  Nancy  fMcCurd}')  Swope, 
both  natives  of  Adams  county.  On  his 
father's  side  he  is  of  German  ancestry  and 
on  his  mother's  side  of  Scotch-Irish  des- 
cent. .Adam  Swope,  grandfather  of  our 
subject,  was  among  the  early  settlers  of 
Adams  county  and  by  occupation  a  tanner. 
Mr.  Swope's  father,  John  A.  Swope.  was 
born  in  Gettysburg  and  received  an  ordin- 
ary school  education.  Being  a  man  of  nat- 
urally strong  and  bright  mind  and  a  great 
reader,  he  became  an  intelligent  and  promi- 
nent citizen  of  Gettysburg,  where  he  follow- 
ed the  business  of  saddle-tree  making.  Dur- 
ing the  anti-slavery  agitation  he  became 
one  of  the  original  abolitionists  in  Adams 
county,  and  a  bitter  opponent  to  that  bale- 
ful institution.  He  died  in  Gettysburg  in 
October  1880,  at  the  age  of  sixty-five  years. 
His  wife  was  Nancy  McCurdy,  a  daughter 
of  James  McCurdy  and  Martha  (Moore) 
McCurdy,  and  their  marriage  resulted  in 
the  birth  of  four  children:  James  Adam, 
Lydia  Jane,  Samuel  McCurdy  and  John 
Franklin. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


431 


Our  subject  was  the  third  child.  He 
grew  to  manhood  in  Gettysburg,  mean- 
while passing  through  the  public  schools 
of  the  town.  With  the  intention  of  entering 
the  legal  profession  he  became  a  student  at 
Pennsylvania  college,  at  Gettysburg,  and 
there  graduated  in  the  class  of  1872.  Two 
years  afterward  he  entered  the  office  of 
Hon.  David  Wills,  of  Gettysburg,  with 
whom  he  read  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1876.  Two  years  later  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  practice  before  the  supreme 
court  of  the  State. 

Mr.  Swope  twice  filled  the  office  of  dis- 
trict attorney  before  becoming  judge.  The 
first  time  in  1879  and  the  second  time 
in  1882.  Although  a  candidate  of- 
the  minority  party,  the  Republican,  he  was 
not  only  twice  elected,  but  the  second  time 
without  opposition.  In  1894  he  was  nomi- 
nated on  the  Republican  ticket  for  judge 
of  the  Adams  and  Fulton  district  and  was 
elected  by  a  large  majority,  thus  on  three 
occasions  establishing  evidence  of  a  pro- 
nounced and  unusual  popularity.  In  reli- 
gion Judge  Swope  is  a  Presbyterian  and 
holds  the  office  of  elder  in  the  Presbyterian 
church  at  Gettysburg.  In  1876  he  mar- 
ried Anna  Kate,  a  daughter  of  William  and 
Mary  Bentz  Stair,  of  York,  Pennsylvania, 
and  to  that  marriage  have  been  born  four 
children:  Marion,  James  Donald,  Mary 
Stair  and  Amy  McCurdy,  the  latter  three 
of  whom  are  now  living. 

JOHN  W.  HELLER,  a  leading  attor- 
f  ney-at-law  and  a  politician  of  promi- 
nence in  York  county,  was  born  at 
Franklin,  Pendleton  county,  Va.,  October 
24th,  1838.  His  parents  were  Rev.  Jeremiah 
and  Eliza  (Fisher)  Heller.  The  Hellers 
trace  their  American  ancestry  back  into 
colonel  times  when  members  of  the  family 
came  hither  from  Germany.  The  father  of 
Jeremiah  Heller  was  an  Adams  county  far- 


mer who  reared  quite  a  large  family.  They 
have  all  been  people  of  medium  size,  of 
hardy  constitution  and  long  lived;  and  have 
engaged  in  a  wide  range  of  pursuits. 

John  W.  elected  to  be  a  lawyer  and 
laid  the  foundation  of  his  education  in  the 
schools  of  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania.  It  was 
in  the  former  State  that  he  studied  law  and 
in  1863  he  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  Fre- 
mont, Ohio.  He  served  three  months  in 
the  late  civil  war  as  a  member  of  Company 
F.,  8th  Ohio  Volunteers.  In  1865  he  came 
to  York  county  and  was  admitted  to  the 
Bar  February  13th  of  that  year,  from  which 
time  he  has  resided  here  and  has  built  up 
a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  He  served 
one  term  as  district  attorney  and  has  been 
at  various  periods  counsel  to  the  County 
Commissioners,  the  board  of  poor  directors 
and  the  county  auditors.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men  and  of 
the  Heptasophs.  Mr.  Heller  is  a  very  ac- 
tive member  of  the  Democratic  party  and 
has  been  a  familiar  figure  in  its  county 
conventions  and  standing  committees.  He 
m.arried  Ella  J.,  daughter  of  Jesse  Engle, 
deceased,  and  has  reared  four  sons  and  two 
daughters:  Thomas  E.,  clerk;  George,  a 
machinist:  John  W.,  law  student;  Harry 
T.,  telegraph  operator;  Sallie  E.,  and  Fran- 
ces Louise. 

Thomas  Engle  Heller  is  at  present  serv- 
ing his  second  term  as  clerk  to  the  commis- 
sioners of  York  county.  He  was  born  in 
1868,  grew  to  manhood  and  obtained  his 
education  in  the  public  schools,  supple- 
menting this  with  a  business  training  at 
the  National  College  of  Commerce,  Phila- 
delphia. He  has  been  largely  identified 
with  clerical  work,  principally  in  the  county 
offices.  His  present  is  the  only  elective 
public  office  he  has  ever  held  and  he  ob- 
tained his  second  nomination  to  it  unop- 
posed. He  has  been  a  firm  believer  in  the 
principles  of  the  Democratic  party  and  has 


432 


Biographical  an^d  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


served  with  distinction  in  the  councils  of 
his  party.  Upon  the  organization  of  the 
Young  Men's  Democratic  Society  he  ident- 
ified himself  with  it  and  has  worked  vigor- 
ously for  the  advancement  of  its  interest 
ever  since,  serving  one  term  as  its  presi- 
dent. He  holds  membership  in  York 
Lodge,  Benevolent  Protective  Order  of 
Elks;  Crystal  Lodge,  Knights  of  Pythias; 
Keystone  Conclave  of  Heptasophs;  Chosen 
Knights  Commandery,  Knights  of  Malta; 
and  the  Rex  Hook  and  Ladder  Truck 
Company.  Mr.  Heller  is  affable,  courteous 
and  industrious  in  the  discharge  of  his  dut- 
ies and  has  won  deserved  popularity  in  and 
out  of  office. 

HON.  JAMES  W.  LATIMER,  one  of 
the  leading  lawyers  of  the  York 
County  Bar,  and  former  law  judge  of  the 
courts  of  York  county,  was  born  in  West 
Philadelphia  June  24,  1836.  He  is  of 
Scotch-Irish  and  French  Huguenot  des- 
cent. His  great-grandfather  and  two  sons 
were  soldiers  in  the  war  for  Independence 
and  the  British  commanders  offered  a  re- 
ward for  their  capture,  dead  or  alive.  When 
Mr.  Latimer  was  but  two  years  of  age  his 
parents  removed  to  York  county,  and  he 
was  consequently  brought  up  and  educated 
in  his  adopted  county.  He  attended  the 
York  County  Academy  under  the  princi- 
palship  of  Professor  George  W.  Ruby,  Ph. 
D.,  and  Professor  Daniel  M.  Ettinger,  and 
after  the  completion  of  a  good  English  and 
classical  education  began  the  study  of  law 
with  the  late  Edward  Chapin,  Esq.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  York  county  on  July 
5,  1859,  and  has  been  in  the  active  practice 
of  his  profession  since  that  time  with  the 
exception  of  ten  years  as  incumbent  of  the 
law  judgeship  of  York  county. 

Mr.  Latimer  was  united  in  marriage  with 
Anne  Helen  Fisher,  a  daughter  of  the 
Hon.  Robert  J.  Fisher,  of  York. 


Politically  Judge  Latimer  is  a  stanch  Re- 
publican and  has  always  given  his  party  in- 
telligent and  substantial  support  but  has 
persistently  held  himself  aloof  from  parti- 
san politics.  On  October  13,  1885,  he  was 
elected  additional  law  judge  ofYork  county 
and  served  with  entire  capability  until  Jan- 
uary 1886,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Hon. 
W.  F.  Bay  Stewart.  He  is  now  the  senior 
partner  in  the  well  known  legal  firm  of 
Latimer  &  Schmidt. 

HON.  HARVEY  W.  HAINES,  mem- 
ber of  the  State  Senate,  from  the 
Twenty-eighth  Senatorial  District  (York 
county)  is  a  resident  of  Windsor  township, 
York  county,  Pa.,  but  by  birth  a  native  of 
Columbiana  county,  Ohio,  where  he  was 
born  October  11,  1838,  the  son  of  Charles 
and  Barbara  (Funk)  Haines.  The  Senator 
is  of  German  origin. 

Henry  Haines,  who  was  the  grandfather 
of  Harvey  W.  Haines,  was  a  native  of  Phil- 
adelphia, where  he  was  born  in  1785.  He 
remained  in  the  city  of  his  birth  until  1814, 
when  he  removed  to  Windsor  township, 
York  county,  and  began  farming,  an  oc- 
cupation which  engrossed  his  time  and  at- 
tention up  to  the  time  of  his  death  in  1850. 
Previous  to  his  removal  from  Philadelphia 
Mr.  Haines  married  Phoebe  Trautman,  an 
estimable  young  German  woman,  who  had 
emigrated  to  America  with  her  parents 
from  the  Fatherland.  This  excellent  lady 
bore  him  ten  children:  Charles,  the  father 
of  our  subject,  being  born  in  Windsor 
township  in  181 5.  The  elder  Haines  was 
a  man  of  pronounced  judgment.  In  poli- 
tics he  was  one  of  the  most  active  men, 
locally,  in  his  party,  the  Democratic;  but 
he  never  aspired  beyond  the  minor,  yet 
honorable  positions  of  trust  with  which  the 
people  of  the  community  honored  him.  He 
was  a  fervent  Qiristian  and  of  the  Meth- 
odist faith. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


433 


Charles  Haines,  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  reared  on  his  father's  farm  in 
Windsor  township  and  when  old  enough, 
was  apprenticed  to  learn  carpentering, 
which  he  followed  for  many  years  with 
great  success.  In  1835  he  married  Barbara, 
a  daughter  of  Martin  Funk,  of  Lancaster 
county.  Pa.,  and  moved  to  Ohio,  where 
Harvey  W.  was  born.  Life  in  the  Buck- 
eye State  did  not  prove  as  congenial,  how- 
ever, as  York  county  could  make  it,  and 
Mr.  Haines  returned  to  his  old  home  about 
1840.  He  settled  down  to  farming  in  1852 
and  made  that  his  occupation  ever  after- 
ward. He  is  still  living  on  his  farm  in 
Windsor  township;  but  Mrs.  Haines  has 
been  dead  for  some  time.  In  politics  he 
is  a  Democrat  and  the  campaigns  in  which 
he  contributed  actively  to  that  party's  cause 
would  make  a  long  list.  Religion  has  also 
found  him  active  in  response  to  its  de- 
mands. He  is  a  member  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Church.  Mr.  Haines  is  the  father 
of  four  daughters  and  three  sons:  Mary 
A.,  deceased;  Harvey  W.,  our  subject; 
Sarah  J.,  who  married  J.  B.  Baughman,  of 
York;  George  W.,  of  Chicago;  Louisa,  de- 
ceased; Charles  F.,  of  Philadelphia;  and 
Agnes,  who  married  Dwight  Lee,  of  Col- 
orado. 

Harvey  W.  Haines  was  educated  for  the 
profession  of  teaching,  first  pursuing  the 
ordinary  common  school  course  in  his  na- 
tive township,  and  then  a  professional  course 
at  the  Millersville  State  Normal  School. 
Leaving  the  latter  institution  he  began 
teaching  at  the  age  of  18  and  for  twenty- 
five  years  followed  that  calling  in  York 
and  Lancaster  counties  and  in  Baltimore, 
Md.  In  1880  he  relinquished  teaching 
and  located  in  Windsor  township  on  the 
farm  which  is  his  present  home.  It  is  a 
fine  tract  of  fertile  land  of  one  hundred 
acres  extent  and  Mr.  Haines  has  put  it  in 
a  high  state  of  cultivation.      Besides  being 


thoroughly  practica.l  in  his  methods  he 
possesses  a  fair  knowledge  of  the  scientific 
aspect  of  farming  and  utilizes  it  judiciously 
in  the  production  of  fine  crops. 

In  politics  Mr.  Haines  is  recognized  as 
cne  of  York  county's  sturdiest  Democrats. 
He  is  always  active  in  behalf  of  his  party's 
candidates  and  measures  and  has  been  re- 
warded several  times  by  election  to  lead- 
ing offices.  His  first  election  to  the  Leg- 
islature was  as  a  representative  in  the 
House  in  the  session  of  1889-91.  There 
he  made  a  record  for  honest  and  intelli- 
gent service.  Taxation  was  one  of  the 
leading  subjects  considered  at  that  session 
and  Mr.  Haines  gave  the  matter  of  equal- 
izing its  burdens  serious  and  thoughtful 
attention.  He  advocated  the  measure 
drafted  under  that  title  with  the  design  of 
effecting  the  desired  reform;  and  gained 
quite  a  reputation  through  his  earnest  ef- 
forts. Mr.  Haines  was  well  placed  in  the 
matter  of  committees,  by  being  assigned 
to  those  on  agriculture  and  education. 
Upon  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  re- 
turned to  farming.  In  1895  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate  by  his  party,  being  one 
of  the  six  successful  Senatorial  candidates 
to  be  elected  that  year  by  the  Pennsylvania 
Democracy.  In  the  sessions  since  his 
election,  the  Senator  has  taken  a  conspic- 
uous and  able  part  in  legislation  and  today 
he  is  one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  party 
in  the  State.  In  his  personal  bearing,  the 
Senator  is  affable  and  companionable,  his 
integrity  is  strict  and  incorruptible,  and  he 
is  looked  up  to  with  respect  and  esteem 
everywhere  through  York  county. 

In  1871  Mr.  Haines  was  married  to 
Mary  E.,  a  daughter  of  David  and  Anna 
Mary  Leber,  of  Windsor  township.  Mr. 
Leber  and  wife  are  both  dead.  They  have 
five  children  living:  Reuben  M.,  married 
to  Mary  Bentz,  of  York;  Charlotte  A.,  wife 
of  Reuben  Hengst,  of  Baltimore;  Melinda 


434 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


E.,  wife  of  Alfred  Hauser,  of  Hellam  town- 
ship; Sarah  Jane,  wife  of  Eli  Strickler,  of 
Wrightsville ;  and  Mary  E.,  the  wife  of  Sen- 
ator Haines. 

Senator  Haines  and  wife  have  two  chil- 
dren: Florence  L.  and  Horace  B.  Flor- 
ence L.  is  home  with  her  parents  and  Hor- 
ace B.  is  away  at  school.  Senator  Haines 
is  a  member  of  the  F.  and  A.  M. 

REV.  JACOB  O.  MILLER,  D.  D.,  the 
venerable  and  honored  pastor  of 
Trinity  First  Reformed  church,  of  York,  is  a 
son  of  Jacob  and  Anna  Mary  (Ott)  Miller, 
and  was  born  in  Woodstock,  Shenandoah 
county,  Virginia,  December  30,  1822.  He 
is  a  member  of  that  sterling  German  Pro- 
testant element  infused  into  the  eastern 
part  of  Pennsylvania  through  religious  per- 
secution in  Europe  during  the  17th  and 
i8th  centuries.  One  of  the  refugees  from 
religious  persecution  in  Alsace,  France,  was 
Jacob  Mueller,  the  ancestor  of  our  subject. 
He  first  fled  from  Alsace  in  France,  and 
was  driven  by  the  Huguenot  persecutions 
to  seek  a  home  more  in  harmony  with  his 
religious  ideals.  He  found  a  home  tempo- 
rarily beyond  the  Rhine,  by  the  Hartz 
Alountains.  The  grandfather  of  our  subject 
came  to  this  country,  locating  in  Berks 
county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  lived  and 
died  in  Reading.  By  occupation  he  was  a 
miller,  and  during  the  Revolutionary  war 
served  under  Washington  as  a  brigade 
commissary,  and  at  one  time  had  charge  of 
supplying  the  garrison  at  Mineral  Springs, 
near  Reading,  where  some  of  the  Hessian 
prisoners,  taken  at  the  battle  of  Trenton, 
were  kept  in  surveillance.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Reformed  church,  and  married 
Miss  Hallacher,  of  Germantown,  Pennsyl- 
vania, who,  sometime  prior  to  their  nuptials, 
came  from  Germany.  Their  family  con- 
sisted of  two  sons  and  four  daughters.  One 
of  the  sons,  Colonel  John  Miller,  represen- 


ted Berks  county  in  the  State  Senate,  and 
the  other  Jacob  H.  Miller,  the  father  of 
Rev.  Dr.  Miller,  was  a  hatter  by  trade  and 
carried  on  his  craft  successively  at  Read- 
ing, Hagerstown,  Maryland,  and  Wood- 
stock, Virginia.  From  the  latter  place  he 
returned  to  Reading  in  1827,  and  retired 
from  active  business  in  1830.  During  the 
war  of  1812  he  had  served  as  orderly  ser- 
geant of  a  company  of  riflemen,  and  during 
the  period  of  his  service  was  detailed  for 
duty  at  the  defense  of  Richmond,  Virginia. 
He  was  bom  February  nth,  1775,  and  died 
i860,  and  his  remains  now  rest  in  the 
Charles  Evans  cemetery  of  Reading.  He 
was  officially  connected  with  the  Reformed 
church  and  united  in  marriage  with  Anna 
Mary  Ott,  in  Hagerstown,  Md.,  July  30, 
1797,  by  whom  he  had  11  children:  John; 
William,  one  time  assistant  United  States 
Marshal  at  Philadelphia;  Philip;  Colonel 
Alexander,  connected  for  several  years 
with  the  treasury  department  at  Harris- 
burg,  and  afterward  prominent  in  the  poli- 
tics of  the  State  of  Ohio;  Howard;  Rev. 
Jacob  O. ;  and  two  sons  who  died  in  early 
life;  the  daughters  were  Elizabeth,  Matilda 
and  Caroline,  all  of  whom  grew  to  maturity 
and  were  married. 

Rev.  Jacob  O.  Miller  spent  his  early  boy- 
hood at  Woodstock,  Virginia,  and  Read- 
ing, Pennsylvania,  being  but  five  years  of 
age  when  his  parents  returned  to  the  latter 
place.  He  received  his  elementary  educa- 
tion in  the  common  schools,  and  at  the  age 
of  16  years  began  life  as  a  teacher.  After 
teaching  a  couple  terms,  he  prepared  him- 
self for  college  in  private  schools,  and  in 
1845  entered  the  Sophomore  class  in 
Marshall  College,  Mercersburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania, from  which  institution  of  learning 
he  was  graduated  in  1848.  He  was  valedic- 
torian of  the  largest  class  in  the  history  of 
the  college.  Immediately  after  graduation 
he  entered  the  Reformed  Theological  Sem- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


435 


inary  at  Mercersburg,  finishing  his  course 
in  philosophy  and  theology  in  1850.  Oc- 
tober 13,  in  the  same  year,  he  was  Hcensed 
to  preach,  and  ordained  to  the  ministry  of 
the  gospel  in  the  Reformed  church  at  Mar- 
tinsburg,  Virginia.  He  received  his  first 
call  to  the  Reformed  church  of  Winches- 
ter, Virginia,  as  a  missionary  and  remained 
its  pastor  until  January  i,  1853,  when  he 
received  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  First 
Reformed  church  of  the  city  of  York,  the 
title  of  which  was  changed  some  years  later 
to  that  of  "Trinity  First  Reformed  church." 
Under  Dr.  Miller's  long  and  useful  pastor- 
ate his  church  has  increased  greatly  in  nu- 
merical strength,  as  well  as  widened  its 
field  of  Christian  effort,  by  organizing  out 
of  its  membership  other  congregations. 

On  August  30,  1854,  Rev.  Dr.  Miller 
was  married  to  Augusta  Virginia  L.  Mc- 
Chesney,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  John  McChes- 
ney,  a  prominent  physician,  of  Augusta 
county,  Virginia.  To  their  union  have 
been  born  four  children:  William  A.,  a 
lawyer  by  profession,  and  ex-District  At- 
torney, of  York  county;  Taylor  McChes- 
ney;  Mary  O.,  intermarried  with  Clayton 
J.  Wallace,  a  wholesale  shoe  merchant  of 
York ;  and  a  son,  John,  who  died  in  infancy. 

Rev.  Dr.  Miller  has  been  a  life-long 
Democrat,  but  has  never  exhibited  undue 
activity  in  politics.  He  takes  a  deep  inter- 
est in  educational  affairs,  and  was  among 
the  earliest  advocates  of  industrial  improve- 
ment in  the  city  of  York.  He  has  been  a 
trustee  of  Franklin  and  Marshall  College, 
Lancaster,  Pa.,  for  more  than  a  quarter  of 
a  century  and  is  chairman  of  its  commit- 
tee on  instruction.  He  is  also  president 
of  the  board  of  home  missions  of  the  Re- 
formed church  in  United  States  and  served 
with  distinction  in  the  year  1871  and  1873 
and  again  in  the  year  1893  as  president  of 
the  Synods  of  the  Reformed  church  in  the 
United   States.     Beyond  this  his   life  has 


been  a  pastoral  life,  filled  with  the  cares 
of  his  church  and  his  people.  In 
1870  he  received  the  honorary  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Franklin  and  Mar- 
shall College  in  recognition  of  efficient  ser- 
vices in  behalf  of  Christian  progress,  and 
well-known  literary  attainments. 

HON.  JAMES  L.  YOUNG,  an  attor- 
ney of  Mechanicsburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania, is  the  son  of  C.  B.  and  Annie  Louisa 
(Swisher)  Young,  and  was  born  in  Wash- 
ton,  D.  C,  in  1867. 

His  ancestors  on  his  father's  side,  who 
were  of  German- English  origin,  were 
among  the  early  settlers  of  Cumberland 
county.  C.  B.  Young,  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, and  the  oldest  son  of  Jonathan  Young, 
was  born  in  Ohio,  where  his  father  re- 
sided for  a  few  years,  returning  again  to 
Cumberland  county.  He  started  in  life 
as  a  teacher  in  the  public  schools,  having 
been  educated  in  the  Cumberland  Valley 
Institute,  of  Mechanicsburg,  now  a  defunct 
institution.  He  followed  this  profession 
for  several  years  and  during  President  Lin- 
coln's last  administration  received  an  ap- 
pointment to  a  clerkship  in  the  United 
States  Treasury  Department,  at  the  Na- 
tional Capital,  which  he  subsequently  re- 
signed on  account  of  failing  health.  He 
then  returned  and  settled  near  Gettysburg, 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  has  ever  since  re- 
sided, engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits. 
He  married  Annie  Louisa,  a  daughter  of 
Jacob  Swisher,  of  Adams  county,  a  farmer 
of  German  origin.  To  that  union  were 
born  three  sons  and  one  daughter:  Harry 
F.,  a  painter  and  paper  hanger  and  propri- 
etor of  a  cigar  store  in  Gettysburg;  the 
subject,  James  L.  Young;  Charles  Morris, 
a  very  successful  artist  with  studios  in 
Gettysburg  and  Philadelphia.  The  latter 
spent  several  years  in  the  Academy  of  Fine 
Arts  of  Philadelphia,  and  is  now  an   in- 


436 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


structor  in  one  of  the  art  schools  of  that 
city.  His  work  is  principally  confined  to 
oil  and  water  colors,  in  which  he  has  al- 
ready established  quite  an  enviable  reputa- 
tion with  the  promise  of  greater  excellence. 
His  sister  Bessie  resides  with  her  parents. 
Hon.  James  L.  Young  was  brought  up 
on  his  father's  farm  and  educated  in  the 
public  schools  until  he  was  seventeen 
years  of  age,  when  he  began  teaching, 
utilizing  all  the  funds  thus  obtained  in  the 
acquirement  of  a  liberal  education.  Con- 
tinuing his  studies  he  graduated  from  the 
Cumberland  Valley  State  Normal  School 
with  distinguished  honors  in  1887.  After 
graduation  he  continued  teaching  for  two 
years.  In  1888  he  commenced  reading  law 
with  Hon.  William  Penn  Lloyd,  of  Me- 
chanicsburg,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
Cumberland  County  Bar  June  13,  1891.  He 
at  once  began  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion in  which  he  has  been  eminently  su,'- 
cessful  and  has  established  a  select  and  lu- 
crative practice.  In  politics  he  is  a  pro- 
nounced and  active  Republican.  He  has 
been  justice  of  the  peace,  to  which  posi- 
tion he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Patti- 
son,  in  September  1891,  and  the  following 
spring  was  elected  to  the  same  position 
without  opposition.  He  resigned  this  office 
to  accept  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives of  the  State  Legislature,  to  which 
he  had  been  elected  on  the  Republican 
ticket  in  1894.  He  served  during  the  ses- 
sion of  1895  on  the  Judiciary  General,  the 
Elections,  the  Retrenchment  and  Reform, 
and  Bureau  of  Statistics  Committees.  Upon 
the  expiration  of  the  session  he  returned  to 
his  law  practice  at  iMechanicsburg.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Church  of  God,  is  assistant 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday  school,  and 
president  of  the  Young  People's  Christian 
Endeavor  Society.  He  was  married  to 
Catherine  Grace  Miller,  daughter  of  J.  C. 
IMiller,    D.   D.    S.,   of   Mechanicsburg,    on 


September  28,  1893.  Mr.  Young  is  de- 
servedly popular  and  one  of  the  most  high- 
ly esteemed  and  public  spirited  citizens  of 
the  community  in  which  he  has  so  long  re- 
sided. 

JACOB  A.  MAYER.  In  1840  an  incom- 
ing vessel  from  the  port  of  Bremen 
landed,  among  others,  at  Baltimore, 
an  humble  family  of  Bavarian  emigrants, 
whose  lot  it  was  to  become  inseparably  and 
honorably  associated  with  the  growth  and 
development  of  the  city  of  York,  Pennsyl- 
vania, to  which,  soon  after  their  arrival  in 
America,  they  removed  and  located  perma- 
nently. This  was  the  Mayer  family,  con- 
sisting at  the  time  of  John  Adam  Mayer, 
his  wife,  Catharine  (Goebig)  Mayer,  two 
sons  and  a  daughter:  John  G.,  born  July 
10,  1833;  Susan,  June  6,  1835;  and  Adam, 
February  21,  1838. 

The  Mayers  came  from  Heinrichstahle. 
Kingdom  of  Bavaria,  where  the  father  fol- 
lowed weaving  as  a  trade  and  music  as  a 
profession.  The  elder  of  these  sons,  John 
G.,  was  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  and  became  a  notable  citizen  in  his 
time  of  the  city  of  York,  aiding  as  a  busi- 
ness man  quite  materially  in  the  expansion 
of  its  limits,  the  encouragement  of  its 
commercial  importance  and  the  develop- 
ment of  its  civic  growth. 

John  Adam  Mayer,  the  Heinrichstahle 
weaver,  who  established  the  family  in 
York,  had  also  two  other  brothers  in  this 
country,  one  living  in  Baltimore  and  the 
other  in  Washington,  D.  C.  The  Wash- 
ington brother  died  in  the  Ameri- 
can Army  of  yellow  fever  while  serving  as 
a  musician.  John  Adam  Mayer  in  this 
country  was  identified  with  the  rope-mak- 
ing industry  and  also  hotel-keeping  on 
South  George  street,  nearly  opposite  the 
present  site  of  the  Rescue  Fire  Company's 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


437 


building.  He  died  in  1876,  his  wife  having 
preceeded  him  in  1857.  Both  died  firm  in 
the  faith  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church  and 
as  regular  communicants  of  St.  Mary's 
church,  of  York. 

The  family  which  survived  grew  to  re- 
spectable manhood  and  womanhood.  Su- 
san married  Peter  Selak,  of  York,  and 
reared  quite  a  family ;  Adam  never  married ; 
Sebastian,  a  third  son,  was  born  in  Balti- 
more; John  G.,  the  oldest  son,  grew  to 
manhood  in  York  and  learned  and  worked 
at  rope-making.  He  subsequently  kept  ho- 
tel for  several  years.  He  was  keeping  the 
Stag  Hotel  at  the  corner  of  Market  and 
Water  streets,  when  he  enlisted  towards 
the  close  of  the  war  in  First  Brigade  Band, 
Third  Division,  9th  Army  Corps,  Army  of 
the  Potomac,  and  served  as  drum  major  of 
the  Brigade  band.  About  the  time  of  Gen- 
eral Lee's  surrender  he  contracted  bronchial 
trouble  and  was  confined  to  the  Alexandria, 
Virginia,  hospital  for  a  time.  He  suffered 
from  this  trouble  after  the  war  and  his 
death,  March  26,  1892,  was  due  to  this  af- 
fection. June  14,  following,  his  generous, 
kind  and  beloved  wife  Catharine  (Boll) 
Mayer  followed  him  to  the  grave.  Their 
remains  rest  in  St.  Mary's  cemetery,  and 
an  imposing  monument  marks  the  spot. 

Mr.  Mayer  was  always  an  active  business 
man  and  citizen.  After  the  war  he  was 
identified  with  the  coal  business  in  York, 
which  he  prosecuted  actively  until  1875, 
when  he  retired.  His  son  Jacob  A.,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  had  already  com- 
pleted a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  cigar 
business  and  the  father  encouraged  the  son 
to  enlarge  his  meager  and  limited  facili- 
ties, himself  going  so  far  as  to  enter  into 
partnership  with  him  in  the  leaf  tobacco 
and  cigar  manufacturing  business.  From 
that  time  on  the  name  of  Mayer  has  been 
actively  identified  with  the  business  here 
and  the  products  of  their  large  factories 


go  into  almost  every  section  and  portion 
of  the  country.  The  elder  Mayer  retained 
his  connection  with  the  industry  until  the 
time  of  his  death  and  from  prosecuting  his 
ovvfu  business  with  great  diligence  and  suc- 
cess, became  an  encourager  and  friend  of 
other  interests  calculated  to  foster  and  pro- 
m.ote  the  public  good.  He  had  abundant 
opportunity  to  extend  the  hand  of  good- 
fellowship  to  new  ventures,  for  his  advise 
was  frequently  sought  and  cherished  and 
followed  for  the  sound  business  sense  with 
which  it  abounded.  In  politics  Mr.  Mayer 
was  an  ardent  disciple  of  the  Democratic 
faith  and  on  different  occasions  was  honor- 
ed by  his  party  in  election  to  positions  of 
trust  and  respect.  He  sat  as  a  member  of 
town  council  for  two  terms. 

He  was  president  of  St.  Patrick's  Bene- 
volent Association  for  a  period  of  ten  con- 
secutive years  from  its  organization,  in 
which  he  had  been  an  active  and  principal 
mover.  He  was  also  organizer  and  served 
as  president  of  the  Penn  Mutual  Life  As- 
sociation for  several  years  and  incidents  in 
the  history  of  other  local  movements  and 
institutions,  attested  his  activity  in  good 
works. 

As  already  indicated,  Mr.  Mayer  had 
contributed  largely  to  the  city's  growth  and 
improvements,  partly  through  the  conduct 
of  his  business,  but  also  through  the  build- 
ing of  many  residential  and  business 
structures,  especially  in  the  South  End. 
He  had  for  some  time  conceived  and  con- 
sidered the  idea  of  purchasing  the  land  at 
the  present  time  constituting  the  site  of  the 
flourishing  suburb,  Mayersville,  and  in 
1888,  in  order  to  carry  into  efifect  the  de- 
sign he  had  in  view,  bought  sixty-three 
acres,  erected  a  large  cigar  factory,  began 
the  improvement  of  the  site  and  founded 
the  town  bearing  the  name  of  the  family. 
This  proved  the  crowning  work  of  his  life. 
The  town  grew  at  once.  Mr.  Mayer  erected 


438 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


his  own  water  works  and  organized  the 
Mayersville  Water  Company,  serving  as 
the  president  of  the  corporation.  At  his 
death  he  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  his 
project  not  only  underway,  but  far  ad- 
vanced toward  ultimate  realization.  A  fine 
and  thriving  town  had  grown  up  around 
him,  its  people  thrifty  and  frugal  and  its 
prospects  for  the  future  bright.  The  wife 
of  Mr.  Mayer  was  a  daughter  of  Jacob 
Boll,  a  shoemaker  by  occupation  and  also 
a  native  of  Bavaria.  Both  of  them  died  in 
the  Roman  Catholic  faith  and  as  full  com- 
municant members  of  St.  Mary's  church. 
They  have  a  family  of  twelve  children, 
eight  sons  and  four  daughters:  Jacob  A., 
the  subject  of  this  sketch;  Mary  J.,  wife 
of  John  McGraw,  of  Baltimore,  Maryland: 
John  Joseph,  who  died  October  21,  1892, 
leaving  a  widow,  two  daughters  and  a  son, 
residents  of  Marietta,  Lancaster  county, 
Pennsylvania;  William  A.,  of  Gettysburg, 
who  has  one  daughter;  Clara  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  David  C.  Brinkerhoff,  of  Gettys- 
burg, who  has  three  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters; Geo.  S.,  of  the  firm,  Jacob  A.  Mayer  & 
Brother,  who  has  two  daughters;  Charles 
Edward,  who  died  in  infancy;  Frank  W., 
of  the  firm,  who  has  one  son;  Lawrence 
P.,  of  York,  who  has  two  daughters  and  is 
engaged  in  the  grocery  business;  Gertrude 
C,  wife  of  John  McDade,  of  York;  Ber- 
nadette  C,  wife  of  C.  Roswell  Ertter,  of 
Gettysburg,  and  Vincent  A.,  now  a  stu- 
dent at  St.  Mary's  College,  Emmittsburg, 
Maryland. 

Jacob  A.  Mayer,  the  head  of  the  firm  of 
Jacob  A.  Mayer  &  Brothers,  was  born  July 
3,  1856.  He  grew  to  manhood  here  and 
obtained  a  good  public  school  education, 
supplemented  by  a  thorough  training  in  the 
High  school.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he 
had  completed  the  trade  of  cigar  making 
and  at  eighteen  embarked  in  the  business 
which  in  course  of  time  grew  to  its  pres- 


ent extensive  proportions.  Originally  the 
business  was  very  modest  in  proportions 
and  output,  but  during  the  twenty-two 
years  of  its  existence  has  become  one  of 
the  largest  factories  of  the  kind  in  this  dis- 
trict and  gives  employment  to  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  skilled  work  people.  Mr. 
Mayer  was  married  in  Columbia,  May  8, 
1883,  to  Miss  Antoinette  Vogel,  daughter 
of  Sylvester  and  Matilda  (Smith)  Vogel, 
the  former  a  Barvarian  by  nativity,  and  the 
latter  of  American  birth.  Six  sons  and  two 
daughters  have  been  born  to  them;  Syl- 
vester, Serena,  Walter,  Leah,  Earl,  Jacob, 
Gerald,  and  Paul. 

Mr.  Mayer  has  inherited  many  of  the 
traits  of  his  father.  He  is  full  of  energy, 
which  the  successful  conduct  of  his  busi- 
ness attests.  He  is  keen  in  his  business 
calculations,  deliberate  in  his  judgment  and 
active  in  extending  the  interests  and  pro- 
jects which  his  father  founded,  but  with 
which  death  terminated  his  connection  and 
encouragement.  He  is  a  prominent  mem- 
ber of  St.  Patrick's  congregation  in  this 
city,  with  which  his  people  have  all  been 
connected.  He  stands  high  in  the  com- 
munity and  his  support  of  public  move- 
ments is  always  hailed  with  satisfaction. 

HON.  JOHN  W.  BITTENGER,presi- 
dent  judge  of  York  county,  is  a 
descendant  of  old  Pennsylvania  ancestry 
and  was  born  at  York  Springs,  Adams 
county,  Pennsylvania,  November  loth, 
1834.  He  is  a  son  of  Henry  and  Julia  A. 
(Shefifer)  Bittenger,  both  natives  of  Adams 
county.  His  paternal  great-grandfather, 
Capt.  Nicholas  Bittenger,  a  native  and 
resident  of  Adams  county,  then  a  part  of 
York  county,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war  and  one  of  the  worthy 
pioneers  of  York  county.  His  son  Joseph 
was  the  paternal  grandfather  of  the 
Judge.    On  the  maternal  side  of  his  ances- 


HON.  JOHN.  \V.   BITTENGER. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


439 


try,  Judge  Bittenger  is  a  descendant  from 
Henry  Sheffer,  who  was  also  a  Revolution- 
ary patriot  and  was  his  great-grandfather. 
His  grandfather  was  Hon.  Daniel  ShefTer, 
a  native  of  York  county,  who  in  early  life 
was  a  physician,  subsequently  associate 
judge  of  Adams  county  and  in  1836  was 
elected  to  represent  Adams  and  Frank- 
lin counties  in  the  United  States  Con- 
gress. He  attained  distinction  as  a  politi- 
cal leader  and  lay  jurist  and  was  one  of  the 
prominent  figures  in  political  and  public 
circles  in  his  day.  Henry  Bittenger  was 
united  in  m.arriage  with  Julia  A.  Sheffer, 
who  bore  him  three  children:  Mrs.  George 
C.  Barnitz,  of  Middletown,  Ohio,  Mrs. 
Reuben  Young,  of  Hanover,  and  John  W., 
whose  name  heads  this  sketch. 

John  W.  Bittenger  received  his  element- 
ary education  in  the  public  schools,  at  the 
Academy  of  Strasburg,  Pennsylvania,  and 
Rockville,  Maryland,  which  was  supple- 
mented by  a  partial  course  at  Pennsylvania 
College,  Gettysburg.  Simultaneous  with 
his  period  of  study  at  Pennsylvania  College, 
he  registered  with  the  Hon.  Moses  Mc- 
Clean,  of  Gettysburg,  as  a  student  of  law. 
He  subsequently  went  to  Rockville,  Mary- 
land, where  he  finished  his  legal  studies  in 
the  office  of  Hon.  W.  Viers  Bouic,  subse- 
quently judge  of  the  circuit  court  of  that 
county,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Montgomery  county,  Maryland,  in  1856.  In 
the  same  year  Mr.  Bittenger  entered  Har- 
vard Law  School  at  Cambridge,  Massachu- 
setts, and  vi'as  graduated  in  the  year  1857. 
He  then  went  to  Lexington,  Kentucky, 
and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession, remaining  in  that  State  three  years. 
In  i860  Mr.  Bittenger  removed  to  York, 
Pennsylvania,  with  whose  bar  and  judiciary 
he  has  since  been  identified.  In  politics 
Judge  Bittenger  has  always  been  a  Demo- 
crat. He  became  prominent  in  party  coun- 
cils years  ago  and  until  his  election  to  the 


bench  was  one  of  the  most  energetic  lead- 
ers and  campaign  orators  in  the  party  con- 
tests of  York  county.  In  1862  his  official  ca- 
reer began  with  the  nomination  for  and 
election  to  the  District  Attorneyship  of  the 
county.  Through  re-election  he  served  for 
six  years.  Upon  retiring  from  the  office  he 
entered  upon  the  vigorous  prosecution  of 
what  grew  to  be  a  very  large  and  lucrative 
practice  and  at  the  time  of  assuming  the 
judgeship  was  a  leading  member  of  the  bar. 
In  1888  Mr.  Bittenger  represented  his  party 
in  the  National  Democratic  Convention  at 
St.  Louis.  In  November,  1890,  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  Governor  Beaver  to  fill  the  va- 
cancy occasioned  on  the  bench  of  the 
Nineteenth  Judicial  District — York  county 
— by  the  death  of  Hon.  John  Gibson.  The 
same  year  Judge  Bittenger  became  the 
nominee  of  his  party  for  the  judgeship  and 
was  elected  at  the  November  election.  Since 
1895  he  has  served  as  president-judge  of 
the  York  county  courts. 

As  a  lawyer.  Judge  Bittenger  was  recog- 
nized as  a  man  of  ability,  energy  and  super- 
ior legal  attainments.  As  a  judge  he  has 
been  a  capable  official,  bringing  to  that  high 
post  an  ample  intellectual  equipment,  a  ju- 
dicial temper,  discriminating  judgment  and 
a  high  sense  of  integrity. 

The  Bittenger  family  includes,  besides 
the  judge,  a  wife  and  five  children.  They 
are  members  of  Trinity  Reformed  church, 
of  York. 

HON.  GEORGE  J.  BENNER  takes  a 
position  of  prominence  among  the 
people  of  the  Nineteenth  Congressional  Dis- 
trict, Pennsylvania,  not  only  as  their  repre- 
sentative in  the  National  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, but  as  a  descendant  of  one  of 
the  sturdy  pioneer  families  of  Adams  coun- 
ty. His  lineage  is  German ;  and  in  him  are 
worthily  preserved  the  deeper  and  more 
pronounced  traits  which   gave  the  thrifty 


440 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


and  industrious  pioneers  from  the  Rhine- 
land  a  character  dominated  by  strong  phy- 
sical and  moral  elements,  interwoven  with 
simpler,  yet  equally  as  sturdy,  intellectual 
fibre.  Mr.  Banner  is  a  type  of  the  modern 
Pennsylvania  German,  evolutionized  by  en- 
vironment and  by  the  rapid  advancement  of 
modern  life,  eager  in  the  pursuit  of  intellec- 
tual attainment  and  given  to  the  refinement 
of  life  which  his  progenitors,  struggling 
with  a  stubborn  soil  for  scanty  subsistence, 
if  not  for  the  equally  pronounced  circum- 
stance of  their  simple  tastes,  would  have 
contemplated  with  indifference  or  avoided 
entirely. 

The  Benners  settled  in  Adams  county, 
then  a  part  of  the  recently  erected  York 
county,  in  1752,  in  the  generation  of  George 
J.  Banner's  great-great-grandfather.  They 
began  life  as  tillers  of  the  soil  and  this  oc- 
cupation ran  its  course  through  several 
generations  of  the  family.  Here  and  there 
they  contributed  a  soldier  to  their  coun- 
try's defence;  a  councillor  to  the  local  gov- 
ernment; or  a  student  to  the  liberal  pro- 
fessions; but  in  the  main  their  life  was  one 
of  simple  content  and  vigor. 

George  J.  Benner  was  born  April  13th, 
1859,  the  son  of  Jacob  and  Catharine  (Sny- 
der) Benner.  His  father  was  for  many 
years  a  farmer  in  Adams  county  and  was 
active  in  Democratic  politics.  He  held  the 
office  of  treasurer  of  the  poor  board  for  one 
term.  In  religion  he  was  a  strict  member 
of  the  Lutheran  church.  Three  sons  and 
Tree  daughters  were  born  of  his  marriage 
to  Catharine  Snyder:  Daniel  J.,  enlisted  in 
the  Fifteenth  Illinois  Regiment  and  served 
until  1865  in  the  Western  Army;  another 
son  enlisted  in  the  Fifteenth  Pennsylvania 
Cavalry.  The  three  daughters  vyere  Lu- 
cinda,  Mary  and  Sarah.  After  finishing  a 
common  school  education  in  Gettysburg, 
George  J.  Benner  entered  Pennsylvania 
College  and  graduated  with  honors  in  1878. 


Subsequent  thereto  he  taught  for  a  time  at 
his  alma  mater  and  then  became  principal 
of  the  High  school  at  Catasauqua  for  two 
and  a  half  years.  Meanwhile  he  entered 
upon  legal  studies  in  the  office  of  W.A.Dun- 
can, Esq.,  and  succeeded  in  attaining  mem- 
bership at  the  Adams  County  Bar  Decem- 
ber 31st,  1881.  Entering  upon  the  practice 
of  his  profession  he  soon  rose  to  promi- 
nence and  easily  made  his  way  to  the  front 
in  political  leadership  in  the  Democratic 
party.  In  time  he  received  his  first  recog- 
nition by  being  chosen  attorney  for  the 
county  commissioners.  He  filled  the  office 
with  ability  and  honor  and  in  1896  his 
friends  urged  and  insisted  that  he  stand 
for  the  Congressional  nomination.  The  sit- 
uation in  the  Democratic  ranks  at  the  time 
required  a  most  determined  fight,  for  Mr. 
Benner  was  not  only  opposed  by  the  York 
end  of  the  district,  but  by  old  and  tried 
leaders  in  his  own  county.  The  party  pri- 
maries vindicated  his  cause  efifectually  and 
Mr.  Benner  afterward  was  chosen  by  the 
district  convention.  At  the  November 
election  following  he  defeated  his  Re- 
publican opponent  and  restored  the  dis- 
trict to  the  Democratic  ranks  from 
which  Colonel  Stable,  two  years  pre- 
vious, had  carried  it.  In  March  fol- 
lowing, when  the  special  session  was 
called,  Mr.  Benner  assumed  his  duties  in 
Congress.  Since  then  he  has  borne  himself 
modestly  and  with  credit  in  the  distinguish- 
ed body  of  national  lawmakers. 

Mr.  Benner  is  a  gentleman  of  fine  per- 
sonal appearance,  charming  in  his  manners 
and  agreeable  and  entertaining  in  his  con- 
versation. He  possesses  considerable  abil- 
ity as  a  speaker  and  keeps  well  informed  on 
the  topics  of  the  day.  He  is  thoroughly 
popular  at  his  home  and  is  becoming  very 
favorably  known  throughout  the  district. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Masons  and  Red 
Men. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


441 


GRIER  HERSH,  ESQ.,  President  of 
the  York  National  Bank,  is  a 
worthy  representative  of  two  of  the  oldest 
and  most  prominent  families  of  Southern 
Pennsylvania.  He  is  a  son  of  Samuel  S., 
and  Margaret  J.  (Lewis)  Hersh,  and  was 
born  in  York  county,  Pa.,  January  29, 
1863. 

The  Hersh  family  is  of  German  descent, 
the  American  progenitor  of  which  settled 
in  Lancaster  county  in  1742.  John  Hersh, 
one  of  the  sons,  and  great-grandfather 
of  Grier  Hersh,  was  a  Revolutionary 
soldier.  After  the  close  of  that  his- 
toric struggle  members  of  the  fam- 
ily settled  in  Adams  and  York  coun- 
ties, where  they  were  active  in  the  var- 
ious vocations  of  life  and  became  promi- 
nent socially  and  financially.  In  the  pater- 
nal line  were  Capt.  William  McClellan  and 
William  McClellan,  Sr.,  who  took  part  in 
the  "Marsh  Creek  Resistance."  Through 
succeeding  generations  the  family  uni- 
formly maintained  its  position  of  promi- 
nence, importance  and  usefulness. 

The  Lewis  family  is  also  one  of  the  old 
and  substantia!  families  of  York  county. 
It  is  of  ancient  lineage  and  of  Welsh  ori- 
gin. Ellis  Lewis  emigrated  in  1708  to 
Chester  county,  Pennsylvania,  and  his  son, 
Ellis,  to  Newberry  township,  York  county, 
in  1731.  One  of  the  sons  of  the  latter  was 
Major  Eli  Lewis,  of  the  First  Battalion, 
York  County  Militia,  1777.  Major  Lewis' 
son,  James,  became  a  lawyer  of  distinction 
and  also  served  as  president  of  the  York 
Bank.  He  married  Jane,  daughter  of  C. 
A.  Barnitz.  member  of  Congress  and  for 
many  years  president  of  the  York  Bank. 
Through  this  ancestral  line  Mr.  Hersh  is 
descended  from  Ensign  Jacob  Barnitz,  Ar- 
chibald M'Lean,  Col.  David  Grier  and  Col. 
Robert  M'Pherson. 

Th  e  maternal  grandf ath  er  and  great-grand- 
father of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  served 


as  presidents  of  the  York  National  Bank, 
and  were  recognized  as  financiers  of  ability 
and  experience.  Samuel  S.  Hersh  was 
born  in  Adams  county.  Being  a  man  of 
large  means  and  preferring  the  enjoyments 
and  pleasures  of  a  retired  life,  he  never 
took  an  active  part  in  politics  or  business, 
although  he  served  as  a  director  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  York.  He  was  a  man 
of  observation  and  general  information  and 
took  interest  in  all  the  movements  of  so- 
ciety and  the  leading  questions  of  the  day. 
He  wedded  Margaret  J.  Lewis,  a  daughter 
of  James  Lewis,  at  one  time  president  of  the 
York  National  Bank. 

Grier  Hersh  attended  the  York  County 
Academy  and  the  York  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute, and  then  entered  the  Pennsylvania 
Military  College  of  Chester,  Delaware 
county,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in 
1880.  Leaving  the  military  college  he  en- 
tered Princeton  University,  New  Jersey, 
from  which  time-honored  institution  of 
learning  he  was  graduated  in  the  class  of 
1884.  Returning  home  he  entered  actively 
into  business  life  and  has  been  variously 
interested  and  engaged  in  financial,  real  es- 
tate, railroad  and  other  commercial  enter- 
prises. He  is  a  director  in  York  Gas,  Water 
and  Street  Railroad  companies,  and  the 
Baltimore  and  Harrisburg  Railroad  com- 
pany. He  is  also  a  stockholder  and  director 
in  the  York  Trust,  Real  Estate  and  De- 
posit Co.,  the  York  and  Gettysburg  Turn- 
pike Co.,  and  has  served  for  some  time  as 
president  of  the  York  Gas  and  York  & 
Maryland  Line  and  York  and  Liverpool 
companies.  Mr.  Hersh  has  always  taken  a 
deep  interest  in  financial  afifairs.  He  has 
served  for  a  number  of  years  as  a  director 
of  the  York  National  Bank,  of  which  he 
was  elected  president  in  September,  1895, to 
succeed  his  uncle,  G.  Edward  Hersh,  who 
died  in  that  year.  The  York  National  Bank 
is   the  oldest  of   the   banking  institutions 


442 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


of  the  place  being  organized  in  the  year 
1810.  This  bank  has  done  much  for  the 
industrial  and  commercial  growth  of  York, 
by  a  wise  spirit  of  accommodation  to  those 
worthy  of  confidence.  The  policy  of  the 
bank  is  conservative  but  progressive,  and 
is  the  result  of  the  management  of  its  past 
presidents  C.  A.  Barnitz,  James  Lewis, 
G.  Edward  Hersh  and  others,  all 
of  whom  were  excellent  business 
men  and  good  financiers.  The  present 
president  aims  to  conduct  the  bank  upon 
the  same  wise,  economic  and  safe  business 
principles  which  have  given  it  success  and 
high  standing,  and  has  so  far  managed  and 
directed  its  afifairs  in  a  manner  worthy  of 
public  confidence  and  indicative  of  finan- 
cial ability. 

In  1887  Mr.  Hersh  was  united  in  mar- 
riage with  Julia  Mayer,  a  daughter  of  John 
L.  Mayer,  Esq.,  who  was  one  of  the  most 
prominent  lawyers  of  York  county.  To 
their  union  have  been  born  two  children, 
named  Helen  and  Margaret. 

The  residence  of  Mr.  Hersh, "Springdale," 
part  of  which  property  was  once  owned  by 
James  Smith  Seguer,  and  called  "Peacock 
Hall,"  was  practically  built  by  his  great- 
grandfather, C.  A.  Barnitz,  and  here  were 
entertained  many  men  of  eminence  and  dis- 
tinction in  the  early  times. 

In  politics  Grier  Hersh  is  a  Republican, 
but  takes  no  decidedly  active  part  in  poli- 
tical afTairs.  He  finds  time  from  the 
various  duties  of  his  varied  business  inter- 
ests to  give  some  attention  to  literary  mat- 
ters, and  has  written  an  able  and  exhaustive 
historical  article  on  "The  Scotch-Irish  of 
York  County,"  in  which  the  many  sterling 
qualities  of  that  race  are  clearly  portrayed 
in  connection  with  the  story  of  the  emigra- 
tion, settlement  and  growth  of  the  Scotch- 
Irish  element  in  York  county. 


REV.  CHARLES  M.  STOCK,  pastor 
of  St.  Mark's  Lutheran  church  of 
Hanover,  Pa.,  is  a  native  Pennsylvanian,  a 
son  of  Rev.  Samuel  Stock  and  was  born 
March  i6th,  1855.  The  progenitor  of  the 
Stock  fam.ily  in  this  country  was  Frederick 
Stock,  a  Revolutionary  soldier  who  settled 
in  Lancaster  county  and  afterward  moved 
to  the  immediate  vicinity  of  New  Oxford, 
now  in  Adams  county.  Frederick  Stock 
had  a  son  named  William  who  passed  all 
his  life  at  New  Oxford  and  became  a  large 
land-holder.  William  had  five  children, 
three  sons  and  two  daughters.  One  of  these 
sons  was  Rev.  Samuel  Stock,  who  was  born 
at  New  Oxford.  He  received  his  education 
at  Pennsylvania  College  at  Gettysburg  and 
fitted  himself  for  the  Lutheran  ministry  at 
Gettysburg  Seminary.  His  pastorates  were 
for  many  years  in  the  counties  of  Blair, 
Bedford  and  Cumberland ;  and  when  he  re- 
tired from  the  active  work  of  the  ministry 
he  removed  to  Hanover,  where  he  has  con- 
tinued to  reside  up  to  the  present  time 
(1897). 

Charles  M.  Stock,  who  forms  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  received  his  early  education 
in  the  common  schools  of  Bedford  county 
and  of  Carlisle,  Cumberland  county.  In 
1869  he  entered  Gettysburg  Academy,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  five  years  later,  in 
1874.  Leaving  the  academy  he  pursued  the 
study  of  law  for  one  year  with  his  father-in- 
law,  Hon.  William  McClain,  of  Gettysburg. 
At  the  end  of  that  time,  in  1875,  he  aband- 
oned the  study  of  law  and  entered  the 
Lutheran  Theological  Seminary  of  Gettys- 
burg, from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1878. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  October,  1877, 
ordained  to  the  ministry  of  the  Lutheran 
church  in  October,  1878,  and  immediately 
received  a  call  to  the  Blairsville  church,  In- 
diana county,  where  he  labored  until  Octo- 
ber, 1880,  when  he  was  called  to  Bedford, 
where     he     remained     for     seven     years. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


443 


He  then  left  Bedford  to  accept  a  call,  Oc- 
tober, 1887,  to  the  pastorate  of  St.  Mark's 
Lutheran  church  of  Hanover,  where  his 
efforts  and  talent  have  won  for  him  the 
highest  esteem. 

In  political  affiliation  Rev.  Stock  is  a  Re- 
publican. He  manifests  an  active  and  abid- 
ing interest  in  the  educational  institutions  of 
his  community  and  largely  through  his  ef- 
forts as  the  co-adjutor  of  Captain  A.  W. 
Eichelberger,  Glenville  Academy  and  its 
successor,  Eichelberg  Academy,  were  found- 
ed and  are  maintained.  In  1882  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  Governor  Hoyt  chaplain  of  the 
Fifth  Regiment,  National  Guard  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  has  been  reappointed  by  each 
succeeding  governor  since.  He  is  a  trustee 
of  Eichelberg  Academy,  and  a  member  of 
the  Lodge  of  Students  of  London,  Eng- 
land. 

Mr.  Stock  is  a  32nd  degree  Mason  and 
has  been  variously  honored  officially  and 
otherwise  by  that  body. 

COL.  CH.ARLES  H.  BUEHLER.  de- 
ceased, a  former  well  known  veteran 
and  m.erchant  of  Gettysburg, A  dams  county, 
was  a  son  of  the  late  Samuel  H.  and  Cath- 
arine (Danner)  Buehler,  natives  of  Leban- 
on and  York,  Pa.,  respectively,  and  subse- 
quently residents  of  Gettysburg.  The  Col- 
onel was  born  in  the  latter  town  February 
9,  1825,  and  died  there  March  23,  1896.  He 
vi'as  of  German  lineage. 

Samuel  H.  Buehler,  the  father,  was  born 
July  12,  1783.  and  having  learned  the  sad- 
dlery business  in  his  native  town,  subse- 
quently moved  to  York  and  married  Miss 
Catharine  Danner.  For  a  time  he  engaged 
in  business  there.  In  1818  he  moved  to 
Gettysburg  and  opened  a  drug  and  book 
store,  which  he  carried  on  until  his  death, 
in  1856.  Mr.  Buehler  was  actively  and 
prominently  identified  with  the  interests  of 
the  Evangelical  Lutheran  church  and  was 


largely  instrumental  in  securing  the  loca- 
tion of  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Gettys- 
burg. He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
Christ  church,  Gettysburg;  was  a  member 
of  the  building  committee  and  served  as  an 
elder  from  the  organization  of  the  congre- 
gation until  the  time  of  his  death.  In  1838 
Mr.  Buehler  was  elected  a  patron  and  also 
a  trustee  of  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettys- 
burg, and  in  1839  ^^'^s  chosen  treasurer  of 
the  institution.  At  the  time  of  his  death, 
September  7th,  1856,  he  was  serving,  in 
addition,  as  trustee,  having  held  the  treas- 
ureship  itself  for  seventeen  years.  Mr. 
Buehler  was  also  the  recipient  of  honors 
from  the  General  Synod  of  the  Church, 
serving  at  one  time  as  its  treasurer  and  for 
many  years  as  the  general  agent  for  its 
various  publications.  Four  sons  and  four 
daughters  survived  him. 

Col.  Charles  H.  Buehler  was  the  tenth  of 
the  eleven  children  born  to  his  parents.  His 
education  was  obtained  at  Pennsylvania 
College,  in  his  native  town,  which  he  at- 
tended until  the  close  of  the  Sophomore 
vear,  when  he  withdrew  from  the  institution 
and  began  an  apprenticeship  in  the  office  of 
the  Adams  Sentinel.  In  time  he  himself 
em-barked  in  the  newspaper  and  printing 
business  as  associate  editor  with  his  brother 
David  A.,  on  the  Star.  On  account  of  fail- 
ing health  Mr.  Buehler  was  compelled  to 
abandon  this  business  and  in  1858  he  em- 
barked in  the  sale  of  coal  and  lumber. 

The  breaking  out  of  the  war  of  the  re- 
bellion and  the  evidence  of  prolongation  of 
the  struggle  for  the  preservation  of  the  Un- 
ion, which  confronted  the  loyal  people  of 
the  North,  stirred  the  patriotism  of  Mr. 
Buehler  profoundly  and  he  was  at  the  out- 
set active  in  the  cause  of  the  Union.  He 
enlisted  in  the  three  months  service  and 
was  given  the  captaincy  of  a  company.  In 
their  brief  service  he  showed  most  capable 
military  qualities  and  when,  subsequently, 


444 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


the  Eighty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Regiment 
was  organized,  he  was  made  its  major  and 
continued  to  hold  his  commission  for  a 
year  and  a  half.  He  was  then  transferred 
to  the  colonelcy  of  the  165th  Regiment  and 
retained  that  command  through  the  nine 
months  of  service  for  which  the  regiment 
enlisted.  His  record  in  his  country's  de- 
fence is  brightened  by  the  twin  merits  of 
military  skill  and  soldierly  valor. 

Upon  his  return  from  the  war,  Col.  Bueh- 
ler  resumed  his  lumber  business  and  in  con- 
nection with  that,  held  the  agency  of  the 
Adams  Express  Company  for  twenty-six 
years.  He  was,  in  politics,  a  Republican  of 
pronounced  type  and  twice  held  the  office 
of  burgess  of  Gett)'sburg.  At  the  time  of 
his  death  he  was  prominently  connected 
with  the  war  associations  of  his  town,  serv- 
ing for  a  time  as  a  director  in  the  Gettys- 
burg Battlefield  Memorial  Association.  He 
was  also  a  leading  member  of  Post  No.  9, 
Grand  Army  of  the  Republic ;  a  past  master 
in  the  Masonic  Order;  and  in  his  time  pass- 
ed through  all  the  chairs  in  the  Odd  Fel- 
lows fraternity. 

In  i860  Col.  Buehler  married  Anna,  a 
daughter  of  John  Fahnestock,  of  German 
extraction.  Three  sons  were  born  to  them, 
of  whom  Harry  F.  Buehler  alone  survives. 

EDWARD  G.  ECKERT,  manufactur- 
ing chemist  and  proprietor  of  the 
Acme  Extract  and  Chemical  works,  Han- 
over, Pa.,  son  of  Dr.  Henry  C.  and  Sarah 
(Leas)  Eckert,  was  born  February  21,  1856, 
at  Hanover,  in  which  town  his  ancestors 
for  three  generations  were  influential  citi- 
zens and  several  members  of  the  family, 
which  came  from  the  Palatinate  during  the 
early  German  emigration  to  Pennsylvania, 
have  occupied  prominent  positions  of  use- 
fulness in  various  States  of  the  Union. 

David  Eckert,  his  grandfather,  was  a 
successful  business  man,  an  ardent  Whig 


and  a  public  spirited  citizen  of  Hanover. 
Dr.  Henry  C.  Eckert,  his  father,  and  the 
youngest  son  of  David  Eckert,  after  ac- 
quiring the  rudiments  of  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  town,  en- 
tered Pennsylvania  College,  at  Gettysburg, 
where  he  evinced  rare  talent  and  ability, 
was  graduated  with  honors  in  the  class  of 
1846,  and  the  same  year  delivered  the  an- 
niversary oration  before  his  college  literary 
society.  Having  a  marked  predilection  for 
the  study  of  medicine,  he  matriculated  in 
the  Medical  Department  of  Pennsylvania 
College,  at  Philadelphia,  and  received  the 
degree  of  M.  D.  from  that  institution  in 
1848.  Immediately  thereafter  he  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  medicine  and  soon 
acquired  high  standing  in  his  native  town 
and  throughout  Southern  Pennsylvania  for 
exceptional  skill  and  ability  in  his  chosen 
profession.  Dr.  Eckert  was  a  diligent 
student  of  medicine  all  through  his  suc- 
cessful career,  kept  apace  with  t'he  new  de- 
velopments in  medical  science  and  wrote 
many  articles  on  subjects  pertaining  to  his 
profession,  some  of  which  found  their  way 
into  the  leading  medical  journals  of  his 
time.  He  was  an  active  Republican  and 
an  ardent  patriot  during  the  eventful  years 
when  the  civil  war  was  gathering  force  and 
during  the  progress  of  the  war  his  voice 
and  pen  earnestly  supported  the  cause  of 
the  Union  and  the  administration  of  Pres- 
ident Lincoln.       He  died  in  1867. 

Dr.  Edward  G.  Eckert  obtained  his  early 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Hanover 
and  then  became  a  clerk  in  a  drug  store. 
Being  of  an  investigating  turn  of  mind  he 
developed  a  special  fondness  for  experi- 
mental science  for  practical  and  commer- 
cial purposes.  From  his  twelfth  year  un- 
til he  arrived  at  the  age  of  twenty-eight 
he  was  a  faithful  investigator  in  applied 
chemistry  and  during  that  period  acquired 
a  comprehensive  knowledge  in  his  chosen 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


445 


field  of  labor.  He  put  this  knowledge 
into  practical  use  by  originating  in  1882 
the  Acme  Extract  and  Chemical  works,  of 
which  he  has  since  been  the  sole  proprietor. 
He  first  carried  on  a  large  trade  with  the 
cigar  manufacturers,  for  whom  he  made 
coloring  preparations,  and  then  added  con- 
fectioners supplies,  consisting  of  harmless 
colorings,  heat  resisting  extracts  and  bot- 
tlers supplies.  He  represents  two  Ger- 
man houses  in  the  sale  of  essential  oils  and 
is  the  sole  representative  of  the  world  in 
the  sale  of  Chocolatine,  a  vegetable  pro- 
duct of  Mexican  origin,  and  which 
possesses  thirty  times  the  strength  of  or- 
dinary chocolate.  He  obtains  the  mater- 
ials for  these  products  and  prepares  them 
for  the  market  at  his  Hanover  establish- 
ment. Through  his  untiring  energy  and 
close  attention  to  his  business  Mr.  Eckert 
has  abundantly  prospered  in  his  manufac- 
turing enterprise.  He  met  with  success 
from  the  beginning  and  has  since  expanded 
and  enlarged  his  trade  until  his  products 
now  find  ready  sale  to  purchasers  in  nearly 
every  State  in  the  Union.  Some  of  the 
most  extensive  manufacturers  of  this  coun- 
try are  his  regular  customers  and  he  makes 
frequent  shipments  to  foreign  parts. 

Mr.  Eckert  has  always  taken  an  active 
interests  in  the  progress  and  development 
of  his  native  town  and  is  an  earnest  sup- 
porter of  every  enterprise  intended  to  pro- 
mote the  public  good.  He  is  identified 
with  important  real  estate  operations  in 
Hanover,  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity, is  a  director  in  the  Home  Building 
and  Loan  Association  and  served  for  sev- 
eral years  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
School  Directors  of  'Hanover,  filling  the 
office  of  President  of  that  body  with  ability 
and  credit,  manifesting  a  devoted  interest 
in  the  cause  of  public  education. 

In  politics  he  is  an  enthusiastic  Republi- 
can and  is  unswerving  in  his  loyalty  to  the 


policy  and  principles  of  the  Republican 
party  in  which  for  nearly  twenty  years  he 
has  been  an  active  and  influential  worker. 
He  has  been  sent  as  a  delegate  to  numerous 
county  and  State  conventions,  is  widely 
known  throughout  the  Commonwealth 
of  Pennsylvania  by  the  prominent  leaders 
of  his  party  and  on  account  of  his  genial 
nature  and  generous  disposition  is  univer- 
sally popular. 

Mr.  Eckert  was  married  in  1880  to  Miss 
Ida  Garber,  of  Hanover.  They  have  one 
child,  Elizabeth,  at  present  a  pupil  in  the 
public  schools. 

CHRISTIAN  PHILIP  HUMRICH, 
the  eldest  son  of  John  Adams  and 
Mary  Ann  (Zeigler)  Humrich,  was  born  in 
Carlisle,  Pa.,  on  the  9th  day  of  March, 
183 1,  and  received  his  education  in  the  com- 
mon schools  of  that  place,  having  entered 
the  primary  school  taught  by  Miss  Rebecca 
Wrightman — upon  its  organization  under 
the  free  school  laws  of  i834and  '36 — on  the 
i6th  of  August,  1836,  graduating  therefrom 
in  1847;  snd  then  entered  the  Preparatory 
Department  of  Dickinson  College,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  July,  1852.  He 
then  entered  the  law  office  of  Hon.  Robert 
M.  Henderson  as  a  student  at  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  Cumberland  county 
at  the  November  Term,  1854,  and  has  since 
practiced  his  profession  in  that,  and  the  ad- 
joining counties.  In  addition  to  his  law 
practice  he  has  given  some  attention  to  ag- 
ricultural pursuits  and  historical  studies,  es- 
pecially the  local  territory  of  Cumberland 
and  neighboring  counties.  In  politics  he  is 
a  staunch  Republican,  having  helped  to  or- 
ganize that  party  in  1856,  and  has  shared  its 
fortunes  ever  since;  and  although  he  has 
been  a  candidate  for  a  county  office  on 
three  different  occasions,  and  received  a 
creditable  vote  in  each  instance,  yet,  the 
Democratic  majority  in  the  county  was  tOQ 


446 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


large  to  overcome,  and  he  was  defeated 
with  others  on  the  same  ticket.  In  local 
offices  he  has  served  as  a  town  councilman 
and  school  director. 

A  leading  paper  speaking  of  his  services 
in  the  educational  field  says:  "On  last 
Monday  evening,  December  7th,  1896,0.  P. 
Humrich,  Esq.,  entered  upon  his  fortieth 
year  of  continuous  service  as  a  school  di- 
rector of  the  borough  of  Carlisle,  having 
taken  his  seat  as  a  member  of  the  school 
board  on  Monday,  December  7th,  1857. 
He  has  also  served  as  secretary  of  the 
school  board  since  February  6th,  i860, 
and  the  minutes  of  the  board  are  in  his 
hand  writing.  Plis  term  of  service  expired 
on  the  7th  of  June,  1897,  having  served  in 
that  capacity  for  thirty-nine  and  one-half 
years." 

On  the  i2th  of  May,  1859,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  Amanda  Rebecca  Zeigler,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Jesse  Zeigler,  and  granddaughter  of 
Philip  Zeigler,  of  North  Middleton  town- 
ship. To  this  union  there  were  born  nine 
children,  of  whom  six  survive,  viz.:  Charles 
F.,  engaged  in  the  insurance  business;  El- 
len King,  Carrie  Amelia,  the  wife  of  Jacob 
Humer;  Blanche  Zeigler,  Mary  Ann,  and 
Christian  P.  Humrich,  Jr.,  all  of  whom  are 
now  residing  in  Carlisle.  Mr.  Humrich 
became  a  member  of  the  Good  Will  Hose 
Company  on  the  5th  of  March,  1859,  was 
elected  president  of  that  organization  on 
the  15th  of  April,  1862,  and  served  in  that 
capacity  until  June  20th,  1889,  and  is  now 
chairman  of  the  board  of  Trustees.  He 
as  well  as  his  wife  and  all  of  his  children 
are  members  of  the  First  Lutheran  church, 
of  Carlisle. 

The  Humrich  family  is  of  German  des- 
cent, the  ancestor.  Christian  Humrich,  a  na- 
tive of  the  Palatinate,  emigrated  to  Penn- 
sylvania in  1793,  and  on  the  14th  of  June, 
1802,  before  the  Hon.  Hugh  N.  Bracken- 
ridge,  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  then 


presiding  in  the  Circuit  Court  sitting  in  the 
city  of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  "he  abjured  all  alleg- 
iance and  fidelity  to  Charles  Theodore  Au- 
gust Christian,  the  electorate  Prince  of  the 
Palatinate  in  Germany"  of  whom  he  was  a 
subject,  and  was  naturalized.  A  saddler  by 
trade,  in  1807  he  removed  with  his  family  to 
Carlisle,  where  he  conducted  that  business 
and  owned  and  kept  the  Black  Bear  Inn, 
until  about  1824,  when  he  retired  from 
business  and  died  in  1842  aged  about  94 
years.  He  was  a  successful  business  man, 
owning  some  of  the  most  desirable  pro- 
perty in  and  about  the  town;  was  actively 
engaged  in  the  public  enterprises  of  that 
day,  and  was  a  member  of  the  building 
committee  that  erected  the  town  hall, 
which  stood  on  the  Court  House  Square; he 
was  awarded  a  vote  of  thanks  by  the  Cum- 
berland Fire  Company  as  appears  by  their 
minutes,  and  served  for  years  as  a  vestry- 
man in  the  Lutheran  church.  He  was  mar- 
ried to  Christine  Foltz  and  had  children 
Anna  Maria,  born  24th  of  December,  1794 
Catharine,  born  April  the  i8th,  1795 
George  Philip,  born  August  the  19th,  1796 
Sara  Elizabeth,  born  March  the  nth,  1798 
Johannes,  born  August  the  loth,  1799;  and 
John  .A.dams,  the  father  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  who  was  born  September  3rd, 
1800,  as  appears  by  the  records  of  Trinity 
Lutheran  church,  of  Lancaster  City,  Pa. 

The  last  named,  John  Adams,  was  also 
a  saddler  by  occupation  and  succeeded  his 
father  in  business,  which  he  conducted 
imtil  1830,  the  year  of  his  marriage,  when 
he  engaged  in  the  grocery  and  provision 
trade,  from  which  he  retired  in  1840  and 
gave  his  attention  to  farming  and  the  man- 
agement of  his  property  until  his  death  in 
February,  1880.  He  also  was  successful 
in  business,  a  member  of  the  Lutheran 
church,  an  old  line  Whig  in  politics,  an 
active  supporter  of  Gen'l  Wm.  Henry  Har- 
rison, subsequently  a  radical  Republican, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


447 


and  "an  under  ground  railroad  man,"  but 
never  held  an  elective  office.  He  was 
married  in  1830  to  Mary  Ann  Zeigler,  by 
whom  he  was  the  father  of  four  children: 
Christian  P.,  John  A.,  Samuel  R.  and 
Wm.  A.  Humrich,  all  of  whom  survive, 
except  John  A.,  who  died  in  1862. 

Mary  Ann  Zeigler  was  the  daughter  of 
Philip  Zeigler,  whose  father,  Philip  Zeig- 
ler, St.,  came  from  Germany  in  the  year 
1753  (as  is  believed)  and  located  in  that 
portion  of  Philadelphia,  now  Montgomery 
county,  known  as  Upper  Salford  township, 
where  he  lived  until  his  death  in  1801.  He 
was  a  farmer  and  land  owner,  naturalized 
in  Philadelphia  county  in  1763,  a  warm 
friend  of  the  Continental  cause  during  the 
Revolutionary  war,  and  the  father  of  a 
large  family.  His  son,  Philip,  married  a 
Miss  Dietz,  a  resident  of  the  adjoining 
county  of  Bucks,  and  in  1801,  being  then 
the  father  of  three  sons  and  two  daughters 
born  in  Montgomery  county,  Mary  Ann 
being  either  three  or  five  years  of  age,  the 
family  removed  to  Cumberland  county  and 
settled  near  Sterrett's  Gap,  in  North  Mid- 
dleton,  now  Middlesex  township,  where  he 
resided  until  his  death  in  1839.  He  was 
a  Democrat  in  politics,  largely  engaged  in 
farming  and  the  improvement  of  lands, 
raised  a  family  of  six  boys  and  three  girls 
all  of  whom  married  and  settled  in  Cum- 
berland county,  mostly  on  lands  provided 
by  their  father,  and  some  of  his  descend- 
ants now  own  and  occupy  the  land  their 
grandfather  bought  in  1801.  The  family 
with  one  exception,  attained  advanced 
years,  Mary  Ann,  the  mother  of  Christian 
P.,  dying  in  1879,  at  the  age  of  83  or  85 
years,  and  the  )'oungest,  Sophia,  the  wife 
of  Jacob  Wise,  of  Springville,  this  county, 
is  still  living,  active  and  in  the  best  of 
health,  in  her  83d  year. 


CHARLES  E.  EHREHART,  ESQ., 
is  recognized  as  one  of  the  success- 
ful and  progressive  lawyers  of  York 
county,  and  the  greater  part  of  his  public 
career  so  far  belongs  to  the  history  of 
Hanover,  where  he  is  not  only  prominent 
in  legal  affairs,  but  has  been  intimately 
connected  for  several  years  with  the  ma- 
terial development  and  industrial  progress 
of  that  old  and  thriving  borough.  He  is 
a  son  of  Rev.  C.  J.  and  "Martha  (Hill)  Ehre- 
hart,  and  was  born  at  Middletown,  Dau- 
phin county,  Pennsylvania,  Alay,  1863. 
Rev.  C.  J.  Ehrehart  was  a  son  of  Thomas 
Ehrehart,  of  Adams  county,  and  received 
a  classical  education,  being  a  graduate  of 
Pennsylvania  College.  Leaving  college 
he  entered  the  Gettysburg  Theological 
Seminary,  from  which  he  was  graduated, 
and  then  became  a  minister  in  the  Luth- 
eran church.  His  pastorates  were  Sha- 
mokin,  this  State;  Middletown,  Dauphin 
county,  and  Gettysburg,  Adams  county,  in 
which  latter  place  he  died  in  1868.  He 
was  a  man  of  scholarship  and  culture  and 
served  as  principal  of  the  preparatory  de- 
partment of  Pennsylvania  College  for  sev- 
eral years  before  his  death.  He  wedded 
Martha  Hill,  and  to  their  union  were  born 
four  children. 

Charles  E.  Ehrehart  was  but  five  years 
of  age  at  the  time  of  his  father's  death  and 
subsequent  to  that  event  went  to  live  with 
an  uncle  in  Adams  county,  where  he  re- 
ceived his  elementary  education  in  the 
public  schools.  He  later  entered  Susque- 
hanna Institute,  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated in  1880.  After  graduation  he  spent 
two  years  as  a  civil  engineer  in  New  Mex- 
ico and  Arizona,  and  in  1882  returned  east, 
locating  in  Fort  Plains,  New  York,  where 
he  read  law  for  two  years  under  the  pre- 
ceptorship  of  Wendell  &  Van  Dusen.  At 
the  end  of  that  time,  in  1884,  he  completed 
his  legal  studies  with  A.  W.  Potter,  Esq., 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


and  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law  in 
1885.  Immediately  after  admission  to 
the  Supreme  Court  he  came  to  Hanover, 
where  he  has  been  engaged  ever  since  in 
the  continuous  and  successful  practice  of 
his  chosen  profession.  His  reputation  as 
an  able  and  reliable  lawyer  is  well  de- 
served. 

In  1886,  Mr.  Ehrehart  married  Miss 
Fisher,  a  daughter  of  Michael  Fisher. 
Their  union  has  been  blessed  with  one 
child,  a  son,  named  Charles  F. 

Politically  Charles  E.  Ehrehart  is  a  Re- 
publican. He  is  attorney  for  Hanover 
borough,  of  whose  council  he  has  been 
secretary  for  some  time.  He  is  a  member 
of  St.  Matthew's  Lutheran  church.  Mr. 
Ehrehart  was  instrumental,  in  1892,  in  or- 
ganizing the  Hanover  and  McSherrystown 
Railroad  Company,  of  which  he  was  an 
original  director  and  is  the  present  presi- 
dent. He  was  an  early  advocate  of  the 
Hanover  Light,  Heat  and  Power  Com- 
pany, of  which  he  is  the  present  secretary 
and  has  been  a  director  since  its  organiza- 
tion. He  was  also  among  the  first  to 
urge  the  formation  of  the  Hanover  Im- 
provement Company,  of  which  he  is  a 
stockholder.  Of  ability  and  standing  in 
his  profession  and  of  prominence  and  use- 
fulness in  the  business  life  of  his  borough, 
Mr.  Ehrehart  enjoys  the  respect  and  es- 
teem of  the  public. 

HON.  WILLIAM  H.  LONG,  a  prom- 
inent m.ember  of  the  York  county 
delegation  in  the  State  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, is  a  son  of  Henry  and  Sarah 
(Funk)  Long  and  was  born  at  Hanover, 
York  county,  August  6,  1852.  He  is  of 
Pennsylvania  German  descent.  His  father 
was  born  at  Marietta,  Pa.,  received  a  com- 
mon school  education  and  engaged  in  shoe- 
making,  hatting  and  silver-plating  trades, 
conducting  business  on  his  own  account 


in  each  of  these  trades  and  is  now  con- 
ducting a  shoe  and  stationery  business  un- 
der the  firm  name  of  H.Long  &  Sons.  He 
was  an  active  member  of  St.  Mark's  Luth- 
eran church  and  in  politics  is  a  Democrat. 
He  married  Sarah,  a  daughter  of  John  and 
Sarah  Funk,  by  whom  he  had  nine  chil- 
dren: Leonard,  Elder,  Adaline,  Elizabeth, 
Jane,  Wm.  H.,  John  Luther,  George  Au- 
gustus, Albert  Clayton,  all  living  but  the 
first  three  mentioned. 

William  H.  Long  received  an  ordinary 
common  school  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Hanover  and  chose  as  his 
occupation  the  trade  of  cigar  making,  which 
he  followed  for  fifteen  years.  He  then  be- 
came interested  in  an  individual  freight  line 
between  Hanover  and  Baltimore.  This  line 
has  been  in  existence  about  thirty-five  years 
and  Mr.  Long,  after  being  employed  on  it 
for  a  number  of  years,  himself  purchased  it 
and  conducted  the  business.  Early  in  life 
he  began  to  manifest  an  active  interest  in 
politics,  like  his  father,  affiliating  with 
the  followers  of  Jefferson  and  Jackson.  His 
untiring  service  in  the  cause  of  his  party, 
not  only  won  for  him  local  distinction  but 
brought  him  in  touch  with  the  leaders  all 
over  the  county.  In  time  Mr.  Long  be- 
came the  most  prominent  Democrat  in  his 
section  of  the  county  and  it  was  but  nat- 
ural that  when,  in  1894,  he  aspired  to  give 
the  people  of  the  county  the  benefit  of  his 
service  in  framing  laws  at  Harrisburg  that 
he  should  have  received  a  cordial  support, 
not  only  of  the  leaders  in  his  own  com- 
munity, but  of  other  portions  of  the  county. 
His  nomination  was  followed  by  his  elec- 
tion and  his  re-election  in  1896.  Mr.  Long 
has  become  not  only  a  leader  of  his  own 
delegation,  but  of  the  entire  minority  rep- 
resentation in  the  Pennsylvania  House  of 
Representatives,  being  selected  the  caucus 
chairman  of  the  Democrats  in  the  House. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


449 


He  takes  a  conspicuous  part  in  whatever 
legislation  is  brought  before  the  House  and 
upon  several  occasions  has  very  ably  de- 
fended the  interests  of  his  constituents 
when  they  were  threatened  by  inimical  leg- 
islation. This  was  notably  the  case  during 
the  session  of  '95  when  the  representatives 
of  the  cities  attempted  to  secure  an  undue 
advantage  in  the  provisions  of  a  bill  de- 
signed to  furnish  a  disability  fund  for  the 
use  of  the  various  Firemen's  Relief  Asso- 
ciations of  the  State.  Upon  that  occasion 
Mr.  Long  not  only  made  a  defense  but  a 
fight  for  the  rights  of  the  country  asso- 
ciations and  the  so-called  country  element 
of  the  House  unanimously  rallied  to  the 
support  of  his  contention,  regardless  of 
politics.  Mr.  Long  is  serving  with  even 
greater  distinction  in  the  present  legisla- 
ture, as  indicated  by  his  defense  of  the  anti- 
trust bill,  a  measure  intended  to  preserve 
the  rights  of  the  people  against  the  mono- 
poly and  trust-power. 

Prior  to  his  recent  election  Mr.  Long 
also  served  for  some  time  as  one  of  Sherifif 
Brodbeck's  deputies.  He  has  also  been  a 
member  of  the  town  council  of  Hanover, 
having  served  three  terms.  At  one  time  he 
was  treasurer  and  assistant  burgess.  Sev- 
eral years  ago  when  the  Hanover  Advance 
was  founded,  he  became  one  of  the  proprie- 
tors and  editors.  The  paper  had  a  success- 
ful career  and  was  absorbed  by  the  Han- 
over Record  when  the  latter  became  a  daily 
paper.  Mr.  Long  is  a  prominent  member 
of  the  Hanover  fire  department  and  an  ex- 
president  of  the  company.  He  has  been 
its  representative  in  several  State  Firemen's 
Conventions.  At  present  he  holds  the  po- 
sition of  chief  of  the  company.  He  is  also 
a  prominent  secret  society  man,  holding 
m.embership  in  Hanover  Lodge,  No.  327, 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows;  Eagle 
Encampment,  No.  158,  of  the  same  order; 
of  Minnewauke  Tribe,  No.  250,  Improved 


Order  of  Red  Men;  of  Susanna  Lodge,  No. 
247,  Daughters  of  Rebekah;  of  Warrior 
Eagle  Council,  No.  63,  Degree  of  Poco- 
hontas;  of  Washington  Camp,  No.  328, 
Patriotic  Order  Sons  of  America,  and  of 
Constantine  Castle,  No.  142,  Ancient  Or- 
der Knights  of  the  Mystic  Chain.  He  has 
been  an  active  and  valued  member  of  St. 
Matthew's  Lutheran  church,  of  Hanover, 
for  about  thirty-five  years  and  has  uniform- 
ly placed  himself  upon  the  side  of  all  health- 
ful religious,  social  and  educational  re- 
forms. 

In  1877  Mr.  Long  united  in  marriage 
with  Mary  Jane  Warner,  a  daughter  of 
John  and  Sarah  Warner.  To  that  union 
have  been  born  four  children:  Harry  War- 
ner, John  Edward,  Sarah  Irene  and  Helen 
Alma,  the  latter  deceased. 

DR.  MATTHEW  J.  McKINNON,one 
of  York  county's  successful  physi- 
cians, besides  having  placed  to  his  credit  a 
useful  professional  career,  has  also  found 
time  and  pleasure  in  valued  service.  He 
was  born  in  Chanceford  township,  York 
county,  Pennsylvania,  February  18,  1832, 
and  is  the  son  of  Michael  Whiteford  Mc- 
Kinnon.  The  latter  was  a  native  of  the 
State  of  Maryland  and  settled  in  York 
county  during  the  early  years  of  his  career. 
He  died  in  the  county  of  his  adoption  on 
the  2nd  day  of  March,  1863,  at  the  age  of 
59  years. 

Dr.  McKinnon  received  his  preliminary 
education  in  public  and  private  schools,  and 
after  a  thorough  preparation,  entered 
Franklin  College  at  New  Athens,  Ohio. 
Subsequently,  he  read  medicine  with  Dr. 
A.  S.  Baldwin,  of  Maryland,  and  then  en- 
tered the  medical  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  the  class  of  1853.  In  the  same 
year  he  opened  an  office  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Shirleys- 


45" 


Biographical  anb  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


burg,  Huntingdon  county,  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  remained  until  October  1861.  On 
this  latter  date  he  enlisted  in  the  Union 
service,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  at  Camp 
Curtin  as  a  surgeon  with  rank  of  Major. 
He  remained  there  until  the  following  Feb- 
ruary, when  he  was  sent  to  Camp  Califor- 
nia, near  Alexandria,  Virginia,  where  he 
became  surgeon  of  the  53d  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers.  He  served  with  this  regiment 
through  the  campaigns  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  until  February  1863,  when  he  was 
honorably  discharged  from  military  service, 
at  Falmouth,  Va.,  on  account  of  physical 
disability.  After  leaving  the  army  he  lo- 
cated at  Hagerstown,  Maryland,  where  he 
was  appointed  surgeon  in  the  hospital,  a 
position  he  filled  with  credit  until  it  was 
removed  and  abandoned.  In  this  latter 
year  he  removed  to  his  father's  farm  in 
Chanceford  township  where  he  practiced 
for  three  years.  In  1873  he  removed  to  the 
city  of  York,  where  he  has  been  in  active 
and  continuous  practice  ever  since. 

On  March  7,  1857,  Dr.  McKinnon  wed- 
ded Amelia  J.  Schindel,  a  daughter  of  Dan- 
iel Schindel,  of  Hagerstown,  Maryland.  To 
this  imion  six  children  have  been  born: 
Carrie,  wife  of  I.  N.  Faust,  a  merchant  and 
miller,  of  Mill  Creek,  Pennsylvania;  Annie, 
deceased,  married  to  William  F.  Ramsay, 
of  York:  Robert  Bruce,  a  civil  engineer; 
John  W.,  a  dentist,  located  in  Baltimore, 
Maryland;  Walter  Scott;  and  Margaret  H., 
now  of  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  Baltimore, 
Maryland. 

Dr.  McKinnon  is  a  Democrat  in  politics. 
He  served  as  a  member  of  the  school  board 
for  a  number  of  years,  and  in  1884  was 
elected  to  the  Legislature  from  York 
coimty,  serving  on  the  Ways  and  Means 
Committee  of  the  House,  during  the  ses- 
sion of  1885.  In  1888  he  was  re-elected  to 
the  Legislature,  and  again  served  the  cause 


of  legislation  in  a  manner  entirely  accept- 
able to  his  constituents. 

Dr.  McKinnon  is  a  member  of  Zarada- 
tha  Lodge,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons; 
John  Sedgwick  Post,  No  37,  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic  and  Continental  Assembly 
No.  24,  Artisans  Order  of  Mutual  Protec- 
tion. He  served  for  a  period  of  six  years 
as  physician  to  the  County  Home  and  has 
been  surgeon  to  the  York  City  Hospital 
since  its  establishment.  At  the  present 
writing  he  is  also  surgeon  of  the  Northern 
Central  railway,  and  has  served  in  the  same 
capacity  for  the  York  Southern  railroad 
since  its  construction.  Dr.  McKinnon  has 
an  enviable  military  record  and  as  evidence 
of  the  character  of  his  services  in  the  field 
and  the  esteem  in  which  he  was  held  for 
his  professional  skill,  we  quote  the  follow- 
ing letter  from  the  medical  inspector  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac: 

Headquarters  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
Medical  Director's  Office, 
May  2ist,  1863. 
Doctor: 

It  affords  me  great  pleasure  to  bear  testi- 
mony of  your  efficiency  as  a  medical  officer. 
Our  relations  have  been  intimate  for  some 
time  and  my  opportunities  for  observation 
extensive. 

I  can  therefore  say  with  truth  that  I  al- 
ways considered  you  one  of  the  most  re- 
liable surgeons  in  the  2nd  Army  Corps.  No 
better  testimonial  of  your  kindness,  zeal, 
ability,  energy  and  efficiency  is  required, 
than  the  grateful  remembrance  of  the  offi- 
cers and  men  of  the  53rd  Regiment,  Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers. 

I  know  the  estimation  in  which  you  are 
held  by  the  old  regiment,  and  the  knowl- 
edge that  you  contemplated  returning  to 
the  field  would  be  hailed  with  pleasure  by 
them  as  well  as  by  your  numerous  friends 
in  the  service. 

With  much  respect. 
Your  Obedient  Servant, 

J.  H.  Taylor, 
Medical  Inspector,  Army  of  the  Potomac. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


451 


In  the  various  positions  of  trust  which 
he  has  held  in  civil,  political,  military 
and  professional  life.  Dr.  McKinnon  has 
alvi'ays  served  with  unusual  faithfulness,  in- 
tegrity and  efficiency.  He  is  a  communi- 
cant of  the  Presbyterian  church  and  has  al- 
ways manifested  a  pronounced  zeal  for  the 
moral  and  intellectual  progress  of  his  com- 
munity. 

The  McKinnon  family  is  noted  for  the 
large  stature  and  longevity  of  its  members 
due,  no  doubt,  to  the  physical  prowess  and 
sturdiness  of  its  ancestral  stock.  The  pa- 
ternal grandfather  came  to  America  from 
Scotland  soon  after  the  close  of  the  Revo- 
lutionary war.  He  was  a  sea  captain  by 
profession,  but  upon  coming  to  America 
adapted  himself  to  agricultural  pursuits  and 
settled  on  a  farm  in  Harford  county,  Md. 
He  reared  two  sons  and  a  daughter. 

The  maternal  grandfather  was  a  Matthew 
McCall,  a  farmer  by  occupation,  a  native  of 
the  North  of  Ireland,  who  settled  in  Ameri- 
ca at  a  time  antedating  the  Revolutionary 
war.  He  settled  on  the  Susquehanna  river 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  at  a  place  now  known 
as  McCall's  Ferry,  where  he  reared  quite  a 
family. 

REV.  FRANCIS  WILLIAM  Mc- 
GUIRE,  of  Shiremanstown,  Cum- 
berland county,  Pennsylvania,  is  the  son  of 
Robert  and  Harriet  (Greenabaum)  Mc- 
Guire  and  was  born  near  Duncannon, 
Perry  county,  this  State,  on  October  11, 
1863.  The  McGuires  are  of  Scotch-Irish 
extraction,  Robert  McGuire,  father  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  having  been  born  in 
county  Limerick,  near  Sligo,  Ireland,  Feb- 
ruary 2,  1812.  He  died  near  Duncannon, 
February  6,  1888.  He  was  reared  on  a 
farm  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  came  to 
America  in  the  year  1833.  He  spent  a 
brief  time  at  Norristown  and  then  for  sev- 
eral   years    traveled     through     the    States 


working  at  different  kinds  of  labor.  In  the 
year  1842  he  located  on  a  farm  near  Dun- 
cannon, where  he  remained  the  most  of  his 
life.  He  married  Harriet  Greenabaum, 
daughter  of  Jonas  Greenabaum,  a  German 
Jew,  whose  wife  was  a  German  Lutheran. 
She  (Mrs.  McGuire)  was  born  on  the  ocean 
while  her  mother  was  coming  to  America 
in  September,  1833.  Mr.  Greenabaum  lived 
first  at  Hanover  and  then  at  Starner's  Sta- 
tion, Cumberland  county.  He  was  a  mer- 
chant. TTie  subject's  father  was  twice  mar- 
ried. His  first  wife  was  Mary  Jane  Elliot, 
of  Perry  county.  By  her  he  had  two  chil- 
dren, all  of  whom  are  dead.  By  his  second 
wife  he  had  six  sons  and  one  daughter: 
Margaret,  wife  of  Jacob  Burger,  of  Harris- 
burg;  Robert,  who  is  farming  on  the  old 
homestead;  Thomas,  a  wood-worker,  of 
Williamsport,  Pennsylvania;  John,  a  rail- 
road man  of  Harrisburg;  George,  a  farmer 
of  Perry  county;  Charles  Andrew,  a  rail- 
road employee  of  Harrisburg,  and  the  sub- 
ject of  this  biography. 

Rev.  F.  W.  McGuire  received  his  rudi- 
mentary education  in  the  common  schools 
and  then  went  to  Bloomfield  Academy. 
Subsequently  he  was  for  a  short  time  a  stu- 
dent at  Washington  and  Jefiferson  College. 
Having  thus  prepared  himself,  he  taught 
school  for  two  winters  and  then,  at  the  age 
of  twenty-three  entered  the  ministry  of  the 
Church  of  God.  His  first  pastorate  was  the 
East  Lancaster  circuit,  of  which  he  took 
charge  in  April  1887,  and  in  October  of 
the  same  year  he  was  licensed  to  preach 
the  gospel  at  Washington  borough  and  re- 
turned to  the  same  appointment  for  one 
year.  The  next  year  he  was  sent  to  Ma- 
tamdos  circuit  August  22,  1889. 

He  was  married  to  Alice  E.  Clark  at 
Smithville,  Lancaster  county.  She  lived 
with  her  grandfather,  Jacob  Kepperling, 
who  belonged  to  the  Mennonite  church. 
Her  parents  live  near  Safe  Harbor,  Lan- 


452 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


caster  county.  They  went  to  housekeeping 
in  Elizabethtown  in  October  1889;  in  1891 
they  went  to  Churchtown;  in  1892  to  New- 
ville,  and  in  1894  to  Shiremanstown.  He 
has  charge  of  the  Shiremanstown,  Bow- 
mansdale  and  Churchtown  churches. 

Besides  preaching  he  writes  considerable 
for  the  Church  Advocate  and  for  three 
years  edited  the  Sabbath  School  Lesson 
notes  for  that  paper.  He  also  writes  for  the 
Herald  of  the  Coming  One  and  other  pa- 
pers. 

HENRY  McELROY,  who  is  connect- 
ed with  the  iron  industry  of 
Wrightsville,  Pennsylvania,  is  the  son  of 
Edward  F.  and  Elizabeth  (Roeth)  McElroy, 
and  was  born  in  Lancaster  county  Pennsyl- 
vania, December  24,  1837.  He  is  of  Scotch- 
Irish  ancestry.  His  grandfather  came  from 
Ireland  to  America  prior  to  the  Revolu- 
tionary war  and  located  in  York  county, 
where  he  followed  the  occupation  of  con- 
tractor. While  engaged  in  that  calling  he 
constructed  the  turnpike  between  Harris- 
burg  and  Carlisle.  For  a  time  he  kept  ferry 
boats  opposite  Harrisburg.  He  married 
and  had  six  children:  John,  William, 
Henry,  Emery,  Elizabeth,  who  married 
Samuel  Heiner;  and  Susan,  deceased. 

Edward  AIcElroy,  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  born  in  York  county  in  1805  and 
died  at  the  age  of  ninety-one  years.  He 
was  engaged  in  carpentering  and  cabinet 
making  at  Marietta,  Lancaster  county, 
Pennsylvania,  all  his  life  and  was  very  suc- 
cessful in  that  business.  In  politics  he  was 
a  Democrat  and  in  religion  a  member  of  the 
Lutheran  church,  taking  an  active  part  up 
to  the  time  of  his  death.  He  married  three 
times.  His  first  wife  was  Elizabeth  Roeth, 
by  whom  he  had  four  children.  Susan,  wife 
of  John  Dickover;  Catharine,  wife  of 
Emanuel  Longenecker;  Emiline,  wife  of 
George  W.  Trump;  and  Henry,  our  sub- 


ject. By  his  second  wife,  Elizabeth  Sands, 
he  had  three  children:  Edward,  Samuel 
and  John.  By  his  third  wife  he  had  three 
children:  Elmer,  William  and  Annie,  all 
living. 

Henry  McElroy  obtained  his  education 
in  the  common  schools  of  Marietta  and 
subsequently  farmed  two  years  in  Cumber- 
land county.,  He  then  was  employed  with 
the  construction  of  the  State  Insane  Asy- 
lum at  Harrisburg  for  one  year.  Afterward 
he  was  employed  nine  years  for  E.  Halde- 
man  &  Company  in  Lancaster  county  and 
seven  years  at  Donegal  furnace  in  the  same 
county.  He  then  located  in  Wrightsville 
where  he  has  resided  for  thirty  years.  Dur- 
ing these  years  he  has  been  connected  with 
the  Wrightsville  Iron  Co.  as  assistant  man- 
ager, and  the  Wrightsville  Hardware  Com- 
pany as  treasurer  and  manager.  He  helped 
to  establish  the  Columbia  Embroidery 
works  and  the  Cemetery  Association.  In 
politics  Mr.  McElroy  is  an  active  Republi- 
can. He  has  served  two  terms  as  burgess, 
ten  terms  as  councilman,  two  terms  as 
school  director  and  one  term  as  president 
of  the  school  board.    He  is  a  Mason. 

January  2,  1869,  he  married  Mary  E., 
daughter  of  Charles  and  Elizabeth  Lock- 
ard,  of  Lancaster  county.  To  that  union 
have  been  born  seven  children:  Annie  and 
Mary  E.,  deceased;  Harry,  a  machinist; 
Ellen,  wife  of  Reuben  Kline;  Catharine, 
wife  of  Howard  Keller;  Edith,  wife  of 
Charles  Birnstock;  and  Hayes,  a  pattern- 
maker. 

JOSEPH  MILLEISEN,a  prominent  and 
highly  respected  citizen  of  Mechanics- 
burg,  is  the  son  of  George  Adam 
and  Mary  Elizabeth  (Fritchey)  Milleison, 
and  was  born  three  miles  east  of  Harris- 
burg, in  Dauphin  county,  September  19, 
1813.  The  Milleisens  are  of  Dutch  ances- 
try and  located  in  this  county  in  the  per- 


NlITETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DiSTRICt. 


453 


sons  of  John  Jacob  and  Christopher  Mil- 
leisen,  two  brothers,  who  emigrated  from 
Holland  and  settled  near  Philadelphia  upon 
their  arrival  in  America.  John  Jacob,  Jr., 
was  born  at  his  home,  from  which  he  after- 
ward moved  to  Dauphin  county  soon  after 
marrying.  He  first  located  at  Middletown, 
but  later  moved  to  near  Harrisburg  where 
he  bought  a  tract  of  land  early  in  the  i8th 
century  and  became  a  man  of  affluence, 
owning,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  three 
farms,  a  mill,  distillery  and  blacksmith 
shop.  He  lived  to  be  eighty-three  years 
of  age  and  died  in  the  Reformed  faith. 
His  wife  was  Miss  Gearhart,  of  Phil- 
adelphia county.  They  had  five  children: 
John,  a  farmer  and  blacksmith  of  Dauphin 
county,  who  lived  to  be  seventy  years  of 
age;  John  Jacob,  who  lived  on  the  old 
homestead  and  reached  the  age  of  seventy 
years;  George  Adams,  father  of  our  sub- 
ject; William,  a  soldier  of  the  war  of  1812, 
who  lived  to  be  .seventy  years  of  age;  Eliz- 
abeth and  Catharine,  who  lived  to  a  good 
old  age. 

George  Adam,  the  father  of  our  subject, 
was  born  on  the  homestead  in  Dauphin 
county  1779,  and  died  on  a  farm  in  1861, 
aged  eighty-two  years.  He  was  a  farmer 
all  his  life  and  for  thirty  years  engaged  in 
distilling.  In  religion  he  was  of  the  Re- 
formed faith.  He  married  Mary  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  John  Godfrey  Fritchey. 
Mr.  Fritchey  was  a  farmer  and  merchant 
and  by  nativity  a  German.  To  that  union 
were  born  three  sons  and  three  daughters: 
John  Jacob,  late  a  farmer  on  the  old  home- 
stead, who  died  in  1895,  aged  eighty-three 
years;  Joseph,  our  subject;  Alfred  William, 
a  retired  farmer  at  Mechanicsburg,  aged 
sixty-five  years;  Maria  Catharine,  wife  of 
Samuel  Zacharias,  who  died  at  the  age  of 
fifty  years;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  G.  Rupp, 
deceased;  Margaret,  widow  of  Simon  Hos- 
tech. 


Our  subject  was  brought  up  on  the  farm 
and  received  his  education  in  the  county 
schools  of  his  day.  He  remained  on  the 
farm  until  thirty  years  of  age,  when  he  en- 
gaged in  the  coal  and  lumber  business  at 
Mechanicsburg  and  in  1866  took  his  son 
into  partnership.  They  carry  a  full  line  of 
rough  and  finished  lumber  and  all  kinds  of 
coal;  and  do  a  large  business. 

Mr.  Milleisen  became  a  voter  in  the 
campaign  of  1840  and  cast  his  vote  for  Wil- 
liam Henry  Harrison  for  President.  Since 
the  dissolution  of  the  Whig  party  he  has 
affiliated  with  the  Republican  party.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Reformed  church. 

February  22,  1844,  he  married  Miss  Bar- 
bara, daughter  of  Christian  Martin,  a  far- 
mer of  near  Mechanicsburg.  They  had  four 
sons:  George  C,  partner  of  his  father  in 
the  coal  and  lumber  business;  John 
Jacob,  of  Quincy,  Illinois,  a  railroad  man 
and  now  general  freight  agent  of  the 
Hoosic  Timnel  fast  freight  line ;  Alfred  Wil- 
liam, hardware  merchant  and  State  Senator 
of  the  district,  elected  in  1894;  Martin  C, 
banker  of  Rudiville,  Huntingdon  county, 
Pennsylvania.  Eighty-four  years  is  quite 
a  span  of  life  and  of  itself  would  inspire  re- 
spect. But  Mr.  Milleisen  deserves  the  cor- 
dial esteem  with  which  his  fellow  citizens 
honor  him  for  more  worthy  and  substantial 
reasons  than  merely  his  venerable  age.  His 
career  has  been  long  and  successful  and 
the  history  of  the  whole  family  is  full  of 
striking  traits  showing  the  same  sturdi- 
ness,  integrity  and  good  sense  which  this 
latter  day  patriarch  has  exhibited. 

DA.  BOLLINGER,  President  of  the 
•  Hanover  Milling  Company,  is  a 
son  of  Harry  and  Mary  (Baker)  Bollinger, 
and  was  born  near  Hanover,  May  7,  1856. 
The  Bollingers  are  of  German  origin. 

Jacob  Bollinger,  the  paternal  grandfather 
of  our  subject,  was  a  farmer  in  West  Man- 


454 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


heim  township,  York  county,  all  his  life. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Reformed  church 
and  in  politics  was  a  Democrat. 

Harry  Bollinger,  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, obtained  a  common  school  education 
in  West  Manheim  township  and  then  learn- 
ed the  trade  of  milling,  which  he  followed 
near  Hanover  for  a  time  and  then  engaged 
in  farming  near  Littlestown,Adams  county. 
After  farming  for  some  time  Mr.  Bollinger 
retired  from  that  occupation  and  embarked 
in  hotel  keeping  by  becoming  landlord  of 
the  famous  White  Hall  hostelry  in  Adams 
county.  After  conducting  this  well  known 
inn  for  four  years  he  went  back  to  farming 
in  Union  township,  Adams  county,  and  the 
remaining  years  of  his  life  were  devoted  to 
the  quiet  and  peaceful  pursuits  of  hus- 
bandry. He  died  in  1883.  In  politics  Mr. 
Bollinger  was  a  Democrat  of  the  Jackson 
school  and  took  an  active  and  intelligent 
part  in  the  affairs  of  his  party.  In  religion 
he  was  of  the  Reformed  faith  and  worshiped 
at  the  various  churches  in  the  neighbor- 
hoods where  he  lived.  His  remains  are 
buried  in  the  old  grave  yard  adjoining  the 
family  church.  Mr.  Bollinger  married 
Mary  Baker.  To  that  union  were  born  six 
children:  Jacob,  Addison,  Henry,  Eliza, 
who  became  Mrs.  John  Stewart;  D.  A.,  and 
Franklin.  Mrs.  Bollinger  died  in  1878  and 
was  buried  by  the  side  of  her  husband  in 
the  old  church  burying  ground. 

D.  A.  Bollinger,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  received  his  rudimentary  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  Adams  county, 
and  then  attended  a  normal  school  at  Get- 
tysburg. With  the  object  of  preparing 
thoroughly  for  teaching  school  he  attended 
a  professional  school  at  New  Windsor, 
Lancaster  county,  and  then  took  a  com- 
mercial course  in  a  Baltimore  business 
college.  For  eight  years  after  completing 
the  latter  course  he  taught  in  the  schools 
of  Maryland,  six  years  in  Adams  county 


and  one  term  in  the  Littlestown  school. 
School  teaching,  especially  in  the  rural 
districts,  is  notoriously  unprofitable,  and 
with  a  view  to  bettering  his  condition  Mr. 
Bollinger  set  about  to  learn  the  trade  of 
milling.  Having  acquired  that  he  came  to 
Hanover  and  happening  to  find  a  position, 
kept  books  for  a  while  and  then  became  sec- 
retary, treasurer  and  finally  manager  of  the 
Hanover  Milling  company,  June  13,  1888. 
Since  that  time  Mr.  Bollinger  has  labored 
assiduously  in  the  interests  of  the  com- 
pany and  possibly  no  element  has  exerted 
such  influence  upon  its  aflfairs  as  the  suc- 
cess which  he  has  brought  about.  In 
politics  Mr.  Bollinger  is  a  Democrat,  and 
at  present  he  is  a  member  and  president 
of  the  Hanover  town  council.  In  religion 
he  is  of  the  Reformed  faith.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  McAllister  council.  Royal 
Arcanum. 

December  22,  1882,  he  married  Emma,  a 
daughter  of  Henry  Dysart.  To  that  union 
have  been  born  two  children,  H.  Ellsworth 
and  Carl  D. 

REV.  ELMER  W.  MOYER,  pastor  of 
the  First  Church  of  God,  of  Car- 
lisle, is  the  eldest  son  of  WilHam  F.  and 
Carolina  (Seigfried)  Moyer,  and  was  born 
at  Orwigsburg,  Schuylkill  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, August  I,  1865.  The  Moyer  fam- 
ily is  one  of  the  oldest  German  families  of 
Schuylkill  county,  where  William  F.  Moyer 
was  born  in  February,  1844,  and  has  al- 
ways resided.  He  is  a  son  of  Daniel  Moyer 
and  a  grandson  of  Rev.  Philip  Moyer,  who 
were  life  long  residents  and  useful  citizens 
of  Schuylkill  county.  William  F.  Moyer  is 
a  substantial  farmer  and  an  active  member 
of  the  Church  of  God.  He  married  Caro- 
line Siegfried,  who  is  a  daughter  of  Israel 
and  Maria  Seigfried.  To  their  union  have 
been  born  ten  children,  three  sons  and 
seven  daughters.  , .,    ^ 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


4SS 


Rev.  Elmer  W.  Moyer  was  reared  on  his 
father's  farm  and  received  his  education  in 
the  Keystone  State  Normal  school,  Kutz- 
town,  Berks  county,  and  Findlay  College, 
of  Findlay,  Ohio,  from  which  latter  insti- 
tution he  was  graduated  in  class  of  1896. 
He  taught  four  terms  in  the  public  schools 
of  Schuylkill  county,  and  on  October  13, 
1891,  was  ordained  in  Altoona,  Blair 
county,  Pa.,  as  a  minister  of  the  Church  of 
God.  He  then  served  the  congregations  at 
Newville  and  Green  Springs,  Cumberland 
county,  for  one  year  and  while  at  college 
preachedto  different  adjacent  charges.  After 
graduation,  in  June,  1896,  at  Findlay  col- 
lege, he  came  to  Carlisle  and  on  November 
1st,  1896,  took  charge  of  the  First  Church 
of  God,  for  which  he  has  labored  continu- 
ously and  profitably  ever  since.  The  Car- 
lisle congregation  dates  back  to  1864,  when 
it  numbered  but  eighteen  members.  It  now 
has  a  membership  of  about  ninety  and  is 
in  the  East  Pennsylvania  annual  eldership. 

On  July  II,  1894,  Rev.  Elmer  W.  Moyer 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Cora  M.  Kep- 
ford,  a  daughter  of  John  Kepford,  of  Bran- 
don, Iowa.  Rev.  and  Mrs.  Moyer  have  one 
child,  a  daughter,  named  Esther. 

WILLIAM  A.  HIMES,  a  prominent 
and  favorably  known  business  man 
of  New  Oxford,  Adams  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, is  a  son  of  William  D.  and  Magda- 
len (Lanius)  Himes,  and  was  born  1851. 
He  is  a  descendant  of  an  old  and  substan- 
tial family  which  has  been  resident  in 
Southern  Pennsylvania  for  a  number  of 
generations. 

He  received  his  elementary  education 
in  the  public  schools,  subsequently  attend- 
ed Nazareth  Hall  at  Nazareth,  Pa.,  for  one 
year  and  then  entered  the  Freshman  class 
of  Moravian  College,  Bethlehem,  Penna., 
remaining  during  Freshman  and  Sopho- 
more years,  then  entered  the  Junior  class  of 


Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1871. 
Shortly  after  graduation  he  went  to  Minne- 
apolis, Minnesota,  where  he  connected  him- 
self with  a  real  estate,  abstract  and  title  of- 
fice, with  which  he  was  identified  for  a  short 
time.  Afterward  he  taught  school  and  be- 
came manager  of  his  father's  important 
business  interests  at  New  Oxford.  In  1878 
he  embarked  in  the  retail  lumber  and  coal 
business  at  the  latter  place  and  has  been 
actively  identified  with  it  down  to  the 
present  time,  in  conjunction  with  which  he 
conducts  several  farms  in  the  vicinity  of 
New  Oxford.  In  addition  to  these  busi- 
ness activities  he  is  a  director  of  the  York 
Trust,  Real  Estate  and  Deposit  company, 
director  of  the  Adams  County  Telephone 
company,  was  formerly  president  of  the 
New  Oxford  Building  and  Loan  Associa- 
tion and  has  been  variously  identified  with 
other  business  enterprises  and  projects. 
During  the  construction  of  the  system  of 
water  works  in  New  Oxford,  Mr.  Himes 
was  a  member  and  president  of  the  council 
and  contributed  much  to  the  success  and 
efficiency  of  that  project.  He  has  been 
president  of  the  school  board  of  his  native 
borough  for  a  number  of  years,  takes  an 
intelligent  interest  in  the  intellectual  and 
moral  progress  of  the  community  and 
manifests  unusual  spirit  in  all  progressive 
movements.  Aside  from  these  rather  com- 
plex business  relations  he  has  been  ap- 
pointed frequently  as  executor  in  several 
large  estates.  In  politics  he  is  a  stanch  ad- 
herent of  the  Republican  party  and  has  uni- 
formily  taken  an  intelligent  and  commend- 
able interest  in  the  success  of  his  party  in 
all  recent  county,  State  and  national  con- 
tests. Fraternally  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Masons  in  high  standing. 

On  April,  19,  1877,  William  A.  Himes 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Katharine 
W.  Gitt,  a  daughter  of  A.  F.  Gitt,  of  New 


456 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Oxford.  To  this  union  have  been  born 
four  children:  Anna  Katharine,  attending 
Swarthmore  College;  Amelia  Eichelberger, 
Helen  Magdalena,  and  William  D.,  Jr. 

HON.  WILBUR  F.  SADLER,  ex- 
president  judge  of  the  Ninth  Judi- 
cial District  of  Pennsylvania,  and  one  of 
the  ablest  and  most  prominent  lawyers  of 
the  eastern  section  of  the  State,  was  born 
near  York  Springs,  Adams  county,  Pa., 
October  14th,  1840,  the  son  of  Joshua  and 
Harriet  (Stahley)  Sadler. 

Judge  Sadler  is  of  English  extraction. 
Richard  Sadler,  his  great-great-grand- 
father, emigrated  to  America  about  the 
middle  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,  and  in 
1750  took  out  a  warrant  for  a  tract  of  land 
in  what  is  now  Adams  county,  where  he 
settled  and  became  conspicuously  identi- 
fied with  the  pioneer  interests  of  the  sec- 
tion. The  tract  thus  originally  acquired 
by  the  Sadlers  is  still  in  the  possession  of 
some  of  the  descendants  of  Richard  Sad- 
ler. The  latter' s  death  occurred  in  1764 
and  his  remains  were  laid  away  in  the 
burial  ground  of  Christ  church,  Hunting- 
don township,  of  which  church  he  was  an 
early  member.  Richard's  son,  Isaac,  wedded 
Mary  Hammersley.  Their  eldest  child, 
Richard,  married  Rebecca  Lewis  and  the 
second,  Joshua  Sadler,  became  the  father 
of  our  subject. 

In  the  year  succeeding  his  birth  Judge 
Sadler  was  brought  to  Cumberland  county 
by  his  parents  and  his  life  ever  since  has 
been  spent  there.  When  he  grew  old 
enough,  he  was  sent  to  the  public  schools 
and  after  finishing  a  course  of  instruction 
there  that  fitted  him  for  a  higher  institu- 
tion, he  became  a  student  at  Centreville 
Academy.  Subsequently  he  entered  Dick- 
inson College  and  graduated  therefrom 
with  the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  1863. 

The  young  student  had  barely  quitted 


the  class  rooms,  when  Lee's  invasion  north 
aroused  both  feelings  of  alarm  and  patri- 
otism among  the  loyal  people  of  Southern 
Pennsylvania  and  emergency  organizations 
were  hastily  formed  to  assist  in  repelling 
the  invaders.  Young  Sadler  enlisted  in 
a  cavalry  company  and  served  until  the  fall 
of  that  year,  when  he  was  honorably  dis- 
charged. He  then  turned  his  attention 
to  law  and  read  under  the  preceptorship 
of  A.  B.  Sharpe  and  J.  M.  Weakley.  Fin- 
ishing his  course  of  reading  he  success- 
fully passed  the  necessary  examination  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Cumberland 
county  in  1864.  Careful  and  painstaking 
in  the  preparation  and  presentation  of  his 
cases  and  possessed  of  more  than  ordi- 
nary legal  acumen,  he  soon  encouraged  a 
large  and  lucrative  practice,  which  he  re- 
tained until  his  elevation  to  the  bench  in 
1884.  Although  much  absorbed  by  pro- 
fessional matters.  Judge  Sadler  found  time 
to  take  an  active  interest  in  politics  and  he 
became  influential  in  the  affairs  of  the  Re- 
publican party.  In  1869  he  was  nomi- 
nated for  State  Senator  in  the  district  then 
composed  of  York  and  Cumberland 
counties.  Two  years  later  he  was  elected 
district  attorney.  He  was  twice  a  candi- 
date before  the  Republican  State  conven- 
tion for  the  nomination  for  Supreme  Court 
Justice  and  on  the  one  occasion  came 
within  two  votes  of  securing  a  place  on  the 
ticket.  Since  his  retirement  from  the 
bench  he  has  devoted  himself  assiduously 
to  his  profession.  He  has  been  admitted 
to  practice  in  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court,  the  United  States  District  Court 
and  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State.  Both 
as  an  attorney  and  a  citizen  the  judge  is 
exceedingly  popular.  Aside  from  his  pro- 
fessional work  Judge  Sadler  has  taken  a 
deep  interest  in  educational  and  business 
affairs,  serving  as  a  director  of  the  public 
schools,  a  trustee  of  Dickinson   College, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


457 


a  director  of  several  corporations  and  pres- 
ident of  the  Farmer's  bank.  He  was  one 
of  the  leading  spirits  in  the  project  which 
resulted  in  the  establishment  of  the  Dick- 
inson School  of  Law  in  1891,  and  has  since 
been  professor  of  law  of  corporations  and 
practice  in  the  institution. 

In  January,  1872,  the  Judge  married 
Sarah  E.  Sterrett.  To  their  union  have 
been  born  four  children:  Wilbur  F.,  Jr.,  at 
present  superintendent  of  the  Greensburg, 
Jeanette  and  Pittsburg  street  railway; 
Lewis  S.,  a  member  of  the  Carlisle  bar 
and  borough  attorney;  Sylvester  B.,  a 
graduate  of  Yale  College,  and  now  a  stu- 
dent of  Dickinson  School  of  Law,  and 
Horace  F.,  a  cadet  at  Pennsylvania  Mili- 
tary College. 

CHAUNCEY  F.  BLACK.  The  stock 
from  which  Ex-Lieutenant-Gover- 
nor Black  springs  needs  no  introduction  to 
Pennsylvanians.  His  illustrious  father, 
Jeremiah  Sullivan  Black,  was  pre-eminently 
a  Pennsylvanian  by  blood  and  birth,  by  ed- 
ucation and  public  service.  He  unites  the 
ruling  types  in  the  rural  portions  of  the 
State — the  sturdy  Pennsylvania  German 
and  energetic  Scotch-Irish.  Born  in  the 
Glades,  Somerset  county,  his  father  was  of 
Scotch-Irish  ancestry, his  mother  of  Scotch- 
Irish  on  her  father's  side,  as  her  name,  Sul- 
livan, indicates,  and  of  Pennsylvania  Ger- 
man descent  on  her  mother's  side.  Judge 
Black's  father,  Henry  Black,  was  a  man  of 
prominence  in  Southern  Pennsylvania;  he 
served  in  the  legislature  from  1814  to  1818, 
was  an  associate  judge  for  a  term,  and  was 
a  member  of  the  National  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives when  he  died.  His  wife  was  the 
daughter  of  Chauncey  Forward,  who  was  a 
member  of  Congress  and  a  brother  of  Wal- 
ter Forward,  secretary  of  the  treasury  un- 
der Tyler.  Chauncey  Forward  Black,  who 
bears  his  mother's  family  name,  was  born 


in  Somerset  county,  Penn.,  November, 
1839.  His  early  education  was  obtained  at 
Monongalia  Academy,  Morgantown,  West 
Virginia,  at  Hiram  College,  in  Ohio,  and 
he  finished  his  studies  at  Jefferson  College, 
Canonsburg.  When  he  was  a  pupil  at 
Hiram  the  late  President  Garfield  was  a  tu- 
tor there,  and  the  acquaintance  thus  formed 
ripened  into  a  personal  friendship,  which 
was  only  interrupted  by  the  president's 
tragic  death.  Their  political  differences 
were  the  widest,  as  illustrated  by  the  scho- 
larly and  irresistible  paper,  in  which  Mr. 
Black  took  issue  with  Mr.  Garfield's  exul- 
tant boast  that  the  influence  of  JefTerson 
is  on  the  wane  in  our  political  system.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Somerset,  and 
also  of  York,  but  never  practiced  much, 
showing  early  inclination  toward  journalism 
and  other  forms  of  literary  work.  From 
the  time  of  beginning  his  law  studies  he 
wrote  for  various  journals  on  a  wide  range 
of  topics,  doing  a  vast  amount  of  effective 
political  work,  for  which  he  has  trained  him- 
self by  study  of  the  fathers  of  the  republic. 
JeflFerson  found  in  him  an  appreciative  but 
discriminating  admirer,  and  the  Hamilton- 
ian  theories  encountered  his  early  criticism 
and  dissent.  Study  of  the  constitution  and 
of  the  discussions  over  its  adoption  and  con- 
struction, convinced  him  that  they  who  had 
founded  our  institutions  had  builded  wiser 
than  they  knew,  formulating  a  system 
which  could  be  practicably  and  profitably 
applied  to  every  question  that  arose.  Mr. 
Black,  though  a  student  of  politics,  has 
never  failed  to  take  a  laboring  oar  in  the 
practical  work  of  campaigns.  Besides  the 
engagement  of  his  pen  for  effective  work  in 
many  quarters,  he  has  been  heard  upon  the 
stump  year  after  year,  and  a  number  of  the 
later  platforms  of  the  Democratic  State 
conventions  are  accredited  to  his  author- 
ship. In  1879  he  represented  York  County 
in  the  State  convention,  and  in  1880  he  was 


458 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


one  of  the  delegates  from  that  Congres- 
sional district  to  the  Cincinnati  convention, 
voting  on  the  first  ballot  for  Judge  Field, 
and  on  the  second  for  Gen.  Hancock.  Prior 
to  the  late  State  convention,  from  the  time 
his  nomination  for  lieutenant-governor  was 
first  broached,  the  suggestion  was  received 
with  popular  favor,  and  he  was  chosen  by 
a  large  majority  on  the  first  ballot.  The  se- 
lection was  ratified  most  heartily  not  only 
by  the  Democratic  press  of  Pennsylvania, 
but  b)'  many  journals  of  large  influence 
outside  the  State. 

From  his  youth  up  Mr.  Black  has  been 
a  supporter  of  those  principles  which  he 
comes  to  by  inheritance  and  holds  by  intel- 
ligent conviction.  With  ready  pen  and  elo- 
quent tongue  he  has  steadily  maintained 
them  for  over  twenty  years.  In  all  his  ut- 
terances and  writings  they  never  found 
abler  nor  more  fitting  expression  than  in  his 
successful  elTorts  to  revive  the  Jeffersonian 
societies  and  extend  the  study  of  Jeflferson- 
ian  principles.  To  this  patriotic  task  he  has 
applied  himself,  not  because  of  any  retros- 
pective tendency  of  his  mind,  nor  by  reason 
of  any  failure  to  profoundly  appreciate  the 
spirit  of  true  progressiveness  and  to  adapt 
himself  and  his  political  principles  to  the 
wonderful  development  of  our  national  life. 
He  holds  that  in  the  JefTerson  philosophy 
are  the  germs  of  all  political  progress. 

Since  1873  Mr.  Black  has  been  closely 
and  continuously  identified  with  the  jour- 
nalism of  the  country.  He  has  been  uninter- 
ruptedly an  editorial  contributor  to  the  New 
York  Sun  and  other  prominent  journals  of 
the  country,  his  facile  pen  being  devoted  to 
no  special  range  of  subjects,  and  often  wan- 
dering into  the  more  graceful  lines  of  liter- 
ature, while  his  fulminations  are  vigorous 
and  effective  when  hurled  at  political  evils. 
The  geniality  and  native  humor  of  his  tem- 
perament, which  make  him  a  social  favorite 
wherever  he  is  known,  unmistakably  mani- 


fest themselves  in  his  literary  work,  but  the 
sturdy  Anglo-Saxon  and  virile  thought  of 
his  editorial  expression  make  it  recogniz- 
able. 

In  November,  1882,  he  was  elected  lieu- 
tenant-governor of  Pennsylvania.  His  ma- 
jority in  York  county  was  one  of  the  larg- 
est ever  received  by  any  candidate,  when 
opposed  by  the  opposite  party.  In  Janu- 
ary. 1883,  he  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
presiding  officer  of  the  Senate  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. His  dignified  bearing,  affable  man- 
ners and  courtesy  won  the  admiration 
of  the  Senators  of  both  parties,  and  of 
the  officers,  of  the  various  departments,with 
whom  he  has  had  official  intercourse. 

In  1863  Mr.  Black  was  married  to  the 
daughter  of  the  late  Hon.  John  L.  Dawson, 
whose  home  was  at  Friendship  Hill,  Fa- 
ette  county,  the  former  residence  of  Al- 
bert Gallatin,  and  the  present  residence  of 
Mr.  Dawson's  widow,  which  is  still  in  the 
ov/nership  of  the  family.  Mr.  Dawson 
represented  the  (then)  Twenty-first  District 
in  Congress  with  great  distinction.  He  was 
in  reality  the  father  of  the  homestead  law 
now  in  force.  Of  the  four  children  at  "Wil- 
low Bridges,"  the  three  boys  illustrate  their 
distinguished  lineage  by  the  names  Jere- 
miah Sullivan,  John  L.  Dawson  and 
Chauncey  Forward.  Possessed  in  eminent 
degree  of  those  fireside  virtues  which  are 
the  best  qualities  of  public  men,  Mr.  Black 
has  social  accomplishments  which  make 
him  extremely  popular  with  his  acquaint- 
ances. Upon  his  nomination  for  lieutenant 
governor  he  received  the  hearty  congratu- 
lations of  his  neighbors  and  assurances  of 
their  support  regardless  of  party,  because 
of  the  warmth  of  feeling  which  his  personal 
characteristics  have  awakened  for  him.  No 
local  interest  fails  to  engage  his  sympathy 
and  his  former  friends  and  neighbors  are 
accustomed  to  count  him  among  those  who 
regard  their  agricultural     concerns     with 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


459 


community  of  interest.  He  was  one  of  the 
charter  members  of  Springettsbury  Grange, 
No.  79,  organized  in  Springgarden  town- 
ship, York  county,  Pa.,  January  4,  1874. 
by  R.  H.  Thomas,  State  Secretary.  He  at- 
tends the  Episcopal  church. 

On  the  left  hand  side  of  the  Northern 
Central  railroad,  about  a  mile  southwest  of 
York,  Pa.,  and  in  the  township  of  Spring- 
garden,  is  a  beautiful  home,bowered  among 
apple  trees,  which  are  thickly  set  on  a 
smoothly  kept  lawn.  Well  trimmed  hedges 
run  all  around  this  little  farm;  through 
them,  here  and  there,  grow  the  osage  trees 
and  towering  elms,  while  drooping  willows 
and  whispering  maples  shade  the  enclosed 
grounds.  The  ivy  grows  over  the  stone 
springhouse;  Virginia  creepers  cling  to 
trellises  and  branching  trees  and  flaunt  their 
graceful  foliage  in  the  summer  wind.  With- 
in the  house  which  adorns  "Willow 
Bridges,"  are  the  signs  of  solid  comfort  and 
refinement.  Near  by,  an  office  of  rustic 
beauty,  furnished  with  all  the  facilities  for 
literary  labor,  is  the  workshop  of  Chauncey 
F.  Black. 

Inheriting  from  a  hardy  race  of  ancestors 
a  love  of  nature,  he  lives  here  in  the  coun- 
try at  the  foot  of  Webb's  Hill,  over  which 
the  spacious  and  highly  cultivated  farm  of 
his  father's  estate  spreads  itself.  He  breaths 
pure  air,  drinks  spring  water,  supplies  his 
table  from  his  own  garden,  and  catches  in- 
spiration from  all  his  surroundings  for  the 
vigorous  work  which  he  has  done  in  the 
promotion  of  a  healthy  and  honest  policy 
for  the  commonwealth. 

EDMUND  W.  MEISENHELDER, 
M.  D.,  resident  of  the  city  of  York, 
and  one  of  the  most  prominent  members 
of  the  medical  profession  in  York  county, 
Pennsylvania,  was  born  in  the  present  bor- 
ough of  Dover,  county  and  State  before 
mentioned,   February  22nd,   1843,  and  is 


the  oldest  son  of  Dr.  Samuel  Meisenhelder 
and  Josephine  S.  (Lewis),  his  wife. 

Dr.  Edmund  W.  Meisenhelder  is  des- 
cended, on  the  paternal  side,  from  a  sturdy 
and  highly  honorable  German  ancestry,  but 
the  date  of  the  arrival,  and  the  locality  first 
settled  by  the  earliest  progenitors  of  the 
American  branch  of  this  family  is  uncertain, 
though  thought  to  have  been  within  the 
present  confines  of  York,  or  Lancaster 
county.  It  is  believed  that,  and  there  is  a 
very  strong  probability  that  such  is  the 
fact,  the  immigrants,  constituting  the  ori- 
ginal American  stock,  came  to  this  country 
from  Meissen,  in  the  Kingdom  of  Saxony, 
or  from  its  neighborhood,  during  the  Na- 
poleonic wars,  or  immediately  thereafter. 
The  composition  of  the  patronymic  indi- 
cates the  likelihood  that  this  statement  co- 
incides with  the  actual  facts.  The  time  at 
which  the  emigration  to  this  country  is  sup- 
posed to  have  occurred  accords  with  the 
period  during  which  all  Europe  was  in  con- 
tinual turmoil,  and  during  a  large  part  of 
which  the  Kingdom  of  Saxony  was  the 
seat  of  active  warfare,  and  the  spot  where 
in  several  great  battles  were  fought.  The 
sufferings  and  privations  which  this  condi- 
tion entailed  upon  its  inhabitants;  the  dan- 
gers to  which  they  were  incessantly  ex- 
posed; the  wasting  of  their  substance  alike 
bv  friend  and  foe;  the  prolonged  unrest, 
incident  to  the  changing  fortunes  of  field 
and  forum — these  all,  doubtless, were  active, 
persuasive,  and  determining  factors  prece- 
dent to  the  pilgrimage  to  the  New  World, 
whose  praises  had  probably  been  sung  by 
soldiers  returning  from  our  Revolutionary 
struggle,  and,  in  which,  they  expected  to 
find  peace  and  plenty,  freedom  from  war's 
alarms  and  political  and  religious  liberty. 

On  the  maternal  side,  the  Lewis  pedi- 
gree has  been  carried  back  to  the  seventh 
century — four  centuries  before  the  Nor- 
man Conquest — and  it  has  been  definitely 


460 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


determined  that  the  original  stock  dwelt  in 
Wales,  and  were  of  Saxon  blood  and  royai 
lineage. 

Dr.  Samuel  Meisenhelder,  father  of  Ed- 
mund W.  Meisenhelder,  was  a  native  of 
York  county,  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  Medi- 
cal College,  Philadelphia,  and,  for  many 
years,  a  prominent  practicing  physician  in 
York  and  Adams  counties.  Shortly  after 
being  graduated  he  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Dover,  York  county,  Pa., 
where  he  remained  about  three  years.  On 
the  13th  of  May,  1851,  he  removed  to  East 
Berlin,  Adams  county,  Pa.,  where  he  was 
in  active  practice  for  more  than  thirty 
years.  He  died  September  2nd,  1883,  after 
a  successful  and  useful  life,  devoted  to  the 
faithful  discharge  of  his  professional  du- 
ties, and  to  the  steadfast  observance  of  his 
responsibilities  as  a  public  spirited  citizen. 
He  was  a  man  of  great  vigor  of  mind, 
hardy  constitution,  and  of  medium  stature; 
and  was  always  an  active  worker  in  the  poli- 
tical and  social  life  of  his  community.  His 
father  Jacob  Meisenhelder,  was  also  a  na- 
tive of  York  county,  and  resided  near 
Dover,  where  he  died  about  the  year  1840. 
He  was  married  to  Anna  Maria,  daughter 
of  George  and  Maria  Elizabeth  Neuman 
(Hockin— now  Hake).  To  this  union  were 
born  two  sons  and  four  daughters,  as  fol- 
lows: Emanuel,  Samuel,  Elizabeth,  Mary, 
Catharine  and  Lavinia. 

Dr.  Edmund  W.  Meisenhelder's  mater- 
nal grandfather  was  Dr.  Robert  N.  Lewis, 
a  physician  of  note,  who  practiced  for  many 
years  in  Dover,  and  died  in  1846.  He  was 
born  in  the  initial  year  of  the  19th  cen- 
tury, and  was  a  man  of  professional  promi- 
nence, in  his  day  and  generation,  and  of 
great  personal  popularity,  wherever  known. 
He  was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Moore,  the 
daughter  of  John  Moore,  who  resided  near 
Lewisberry,  York  county,  Pennsylvania. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  left,  surviv'np; 


him,  four  sons  and  three  daughters,  as  fol- 
lows: Rush  W.,  Melchinger  R.,  Orfila, 
Clay  E.,  Josephine  S.,  Rebecca  and  Mary 
Ann 

The  Lewis  ancestors  came  to  this  coun- 
try from  Wales,  after  a  short  sojourn  in  Ire- 
land, in  1708,  according  to  records  still  pre- 
served in  the  family,  and  located  in  Chester 
county,  Pennsylvania.  Another  branch  of 
the  same  family  came  over  in  the  closing 
years  of  the  seventeenth  century.  From  the 
immigrant  of  1708  springs  the  York  county 
stock.  They  have  always  been  active  in 
public  affairs ;  have  held  positions  of  prom- 
inence, influence,  and  responsibility,  both 
before  and  since  the  Revolutionary  war; 
and  bore  arms,  on  the  side  of  the  colonies 
in  that  decisive  struggle. 

Edmund  W.  Meisenhelder  is  the  eldest 
of  four  sons.  Of  these  one  died  in  infancy, 
and  another  in  early  childhood.  Dr.  Rob- 
ert N.  Meisenhelder,  of  Hanover,  York 
county,  Pennsylvania,  is  the  surviving 
brother. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  received  his 
early  education  in  the  common  schools  of 
the  State,  and,  after  a  thorough  course  of 
instruction  in  the  Preparatory  Department 
of  Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburg,  en- 
tered the  college  proper  in  the  fall  of  i860, 
from  which  he  was  graduated,  in  the  year 
1864,  with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class. 
During  his  college  course,  he  divided  the 
Freshman  prize  for  scholarship  equally  with 
two  competitors,  and,  in  1863,  took  the 
Hassler  Gold  Medal  for  proficiency  in  the 
Latin  language  and  literature.  In  June, 
1863,  along  with  the  great  majority  of  the 
students  at  Pennsylvania  College,  he  en- 
listed in  Company  A,  26th  Regiment  Penn- 
sylvania Militia,  in  response  to  the  call  of 
Governor  Curtin  for  volunteers  to  meet  the 
emergency  created  by  the  then  threatening 
invasion  of  the  State  by  General  Robert  E. 
Lee,  and  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


461 


Under  that  call  this  company  was  the  first 
to  respond,  and  to  be  organized  for  the  de- 
fence of  the  State. 

College  days  over,  his  first  inclination 
was  to  take  up  the  study  of  medicine  with 
his  father.  At  this  time,  however,  the  Civil 
War  was  at  its  height,  and  the  preservation 
of  the  Union,  as  the  matter  of  supreme 
moment,  justly  barred  every  consideration 
of  a  personal  or  selfish  character.  With 
commendable  patriotism,  Edmund  W.Meis- 
enhelder  immediately  enlisted  in  Company 
D,  2ioth  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volun- 
teer Infantry,  and  went  to  the  front.  Some 
time  after  his  enlistment  as  a  private,  he 
was  appointed  Quartermaster  Sergeant, 
and,  in  February,  1865,  was  commissioned 
Second  Lieutenant  of  his  company,  the  du- 
ties of  which  position  he  faithfully  per- 
formed, until  honorably  discharged  at  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  participated  in  the 
battles  at  Hatcher's  Run,  White  Oak  Road, 
Five  Forks,  and  was  present  at  the  surren- 
der of  Lee's  army  at  Appomattox,  the 
crowning  triumph  of  Grant's  magnificent 
campaign  before  Petersburg  and  Rich- 
mond. 

After  the  close  of  the  war,  he  took  up 
his  course  of  medical  preparation;  subse- 
quently entered  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
Philadelphia,  and  was  graduated  in  1868, 
having  reached  and  maintained  a  high 
standing  throughout  his  course.  After 
graduation  he  located  in  East  Berlin, 
Adams  county,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  be- 
gan to  practice,  and  continued  to  reside 
until  1871.  In  the  latter  year  he  decided 
to  change  his  professional  field,  and,  as  a 
consequence,  removed  to  York,  Pennsyl- 
vania, where  he  has  since  continued  in  the 
active  pursuit  of  his  profession. 

On  December  22nd,  1870,  Dr.  Meisen- 
helder  was  united  in  marriage  with  Miss 
Maria  E.  Baughman,  daughter  of  Jacob  B. 
and  Lydia  (Swartz)   Baughman,  descend- 


ants of  old  York  county  families.  To  this 
union  have  been  born  four  children — three 
sons  and  one  daughter,  in  the  order  of  age, 
as  follows:  Robert  Lewis,  a  graduate  of 
Pennsylvania  college,  and,  at  present,  a 
student  in  the  Lutheran  Theological  Semi- 
nary, at  Gettysburg,  Pennsylvania;  Ed- 
mund Webster,  now  a  student  at  Pennsyl- 
vania College,  preparing  for  the  study  of 
medicine;  Samuel  Baughman,  and  Mary 
Elizabeth. 

Soon  after  the  commencement  of  prac- 
tice Dr.  Meisenhelder,  through  superior 
professional  attainments  and  skill,  advanced 
himself  to  an  honorable  position  in  his  fra- 
ternity. He  is  a  man  of  fine  intellectual 
equipment,  a  thorough  student  of  medical 
science  and  literature,  and  possesses  large 
experience  and  practical  skill. 

Personally  he  is  a  man  of  cultivated 
tastes,  fine  social  instincts,  and  the  high- 
est character.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
York  County  Medical  Society,  in  which  he 
has  filled  various  positions  of  responsibil- 
ity and  honor.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
State  Medical  Society  and  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Medicine. 

In  his  political  affiliations  he  is  an  ar- 
dent supporter  of  the  principles  of  the  Re- 
publican party;  but,  whilst  giving  it  an  in 
telligent  and  loyal  support  he  despises 
grosser  forms  of  partisanship  and  machine 
politics,  toward  all  of  which  he  manifests 
the  most  intense  hostility.  He  is  well  in- 
formed upon  the  political  issues  of  the  day, 
and  is  always  uncompromising  in  his  ad- 
vocacy of  all  economic  and  social  reforms, 
which  have  for  their  purpose  the  betterment 
of  humanity.  Dr.  Meisenhelder,  without 
being  ultra  sectarian  in  his  views,  is  a  mem- 
ber and  supporter  of  the  Lutheran  church. 
He  also  holds  membership  in  General 
Sedgwick  Post,  No.  37,  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic 


30 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


IVAN  GLOSSBRENNER,  receiving 
teller  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
York,  Pa.,  was  born  in  the  latter  city  in 
1847,  the  son  of  Hon.  Adam  J.  and  Char- 
lotte (Jameson)  Glossbrenner.  He  is  a 
descendant  of  Peter  Glossbrenner,  who  was 
born  in  Germany  and  came  to  America 
during  the  German  emigration  in  the  early 
part  of  the  eighteenth  century. 

Ivan  Glossbrenner's  education  was  ac- 
quired at  the  York  County  Academy,  which 
he  attended  during  his  boyhood  and  youth. 
In  1869,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  en- 
tered the  Dime  Savings  institution  and  for 
ten  years  was  connected  with  it  as  ttiler. 
In  the  year  1880  he  became  connected  with 
the  First  National  Bank.  At  first  he  lield 
the  position  of  disbursing  clerk,  and  later 
was  promoted  to  the  post  of  teller,  which 
position  he  still  holds.  He  is  thoroughly 
conversant  with  banking  details  and  en- 
joys the  full  confidence  and  esteem  of  the 
stockholders  and  directors  of  the  institution. 

In  politics  Mr.  Glossbrenner  is  a  Demo- 
crat, but  he  takes  no  active  part  in  party 
affairs.  His  role  is  that  of  the  thoughtful, 
conservative  citizen  in  business  afifairs.  Re- 
ligiously he  is  an  Episcopalian,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  St.  John's  P.  E.  church. 

In  1869  Mr.  Glossbrenner  married  Annie, 
a  daughter  of  Henry  A.  Hantz.  To  that 
union  have  been  born  five  children:  Char- 
lotte L.,  Adam  J.,  Emily  J.,  Lena  and 
Henrietta. 

Although  a  man  of  modest  tastes  and 
habits  and  somewhat  retiring  in  disposition, 
Mr.  Glossbrenner  has  through  his  connec- 
tion with  the  bank  come  in  contact  with  a 
large  portion  of  the  comnumity  and  has 
made  many  warm  friends  by  his  unfailing 
courtesy  and  agreeable  bearing. 

CLAY  ELI  LEWIS,aprominentbanker 
and  business  man  of  York,  Pa.,  is  a 
son  of  Robert  Nebinger  and  Mary  (Moore) 


Lewis,  and  was  born  in  Dover  borough, 
York  county.  Pa.,  April  5th,  1844.  He 
comes  of  distinguished  ancestry,  traceable 
in  unbroken  procession  back  to  Bleddyn  ap 
Cynfyn,  prince  of  Powys,  a  native  Welsh 
prince  at  the  time  of  the  Norman  conquest 
of  England,  who  met  death  by  assassination 
in  1072,  or  six  years  after  the  battle  of  Has- 
tings. 

The  Lewises  of  a  later  generation,  like 
many  of  the  Welsh,  embraced  the  Quaker 
faith.  This  invited  persecution  and  in 
1698  Ellis  Lewis  (born  1680)  emigrated 
from  Radnor,  Wales,  to  Mount  Moloch, 
Ireland,  and  later,  to  America.  He  landed 
at  New  Castle,  Delaware,  then  a  part  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1708;  but  settled  at  Haver- 
ford,  in  Penn's  colony,  and  later  on  re- 
moved to  Hennett  township.  In  1713,  old 
style,  on  the  thirteenth  day  of  the  second 
month,  he  married  Elizabeth  Newlin, 
daughter  of  Nathaniel  and  Mary  (Menden- 
hall)  Newlin;  and  on  August  31st,  1750,  he 
died  at  Wilmington,  Delaware. 

His  son  Ellis,  was  born  on  the  22nd  day 
of  the  third  month,  1719,  and  died  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1795.  In  1735,  with  James  Rankin 
and  John  Bennett,  Ellis  Lewis,  the  second, 
just  referred  to,  came  to  York  county, 
crossing  the  Susequehanna  river  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Swatara  Creek  where  Mid- 
dletown  is  at  present  situated.  They  had 
with  them  a  horse;  and  finding  two  ca- 
noes, they  placed  the  front  feet  of  the  ani- 
mal in  one  boat  and  his  hind  feet  in  the 
other.  In  that  way  at  the  imminent  peril 
of  their  lives  they  transported  themselves 
and  their  horse  across  the  stream.  Lewis 
purchased  of  the  Indians  a  large  tract  of 
land  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county,  on 
a  part  of  which,  Lewisberry,  laid  out  by  his 
son  Eli,  named  in  honor  of  the  family  and 
subsequently  one  of  the  most  important 
and  thriving  towns  of  the  county  during  the 
colonial  period,  is  at  present  located. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


463 


Eli  Lewis,  the  founder  of  Lewisberry, 
was  a  distinguished  soldier  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. He  was,  October  ist,  1777,  commis- 
sioned major  of  the  First  Battalion  of 
York  county  militia  in  active  service;  and 
was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Brandywine 
and  Germantown.  The  Major  was  born 
January  31st,  1750;  and  died  February  1st, 
1807.  He  married  Pamela  Webster,  the 
daughter  of  John  and  Jane  (Brinton)  Web- 
ster, November  loth,  1779. 

Webster,  the  oldest  son  of  the  family  and 
the  paternal  grandfather  of  our  subject,  was 
born  in  Lewisberry,  October  i8th,  1780, 
and  died  at  New  Cumberland,  Cr.mber- 
land  county.  Pa.,  May  28th,  1832.  He 
was,  by  graduation  from  Jefferson  Medical 
College,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  a  physician  and 
practiced  in  Lewisberry  and  the  surround- 
ing country.  To  this  calling  he  also  added 
a  knowledge  and  practice  of  the  law  in  the 
courts  of  York  county,  in  which  he  was  a 
regularly  admitted  attorney.  He  was 
abreast  of  his  profession  here  and  led  in  the 
innovation  of  growing  the  poppy  and  mak- 
ing the  opium  which  he  used  in  his  prac- 
tice; besides  performing  the  first  dental  op- 
erations in  the  county.  July  25th,  1798,  Dr. 
Lewis  married  Mary.a  daughter  of  Dr.  Geo. 
and  Ann  (Rankin)  Nebinger,  of  Lewis- 
berry. They  had  a  family  of  eight  children: 
Dr.  Robert  Nebinger,  born  July  30,  1799; 
Dr.  Andrew,  Dr.  Eli,  Dr.  James,  Rankin, 
George  W.,  a  tanner  and  later  a  farmer  and 
hotel  keeper  at  Diminock,  Pa. ;  Rebecca 
and  Annie,  all  deceased.  Andrew,  Eli  and 
James  practiced  their  professions  in  the 
West. 

Robert,  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  born  July  30,  1799,  in  Lewis- 
berry, practiced  with  his  father  for  a  time 
and  then  removed  to  and  located  at  Dover, 
where  his  well  spent  life  came  to  a  close 
March  16,  1846,  aged  forty-six  years.  A 
Whig  in  politics,  he  made  himself  a  power 


in  the  councils  of  that  party.  He  was  an 
ardent  admirer  of  Henry  Clay,  and  during 
the  great  anti-slavery  agitation  of  his  time 
he  lent  valuable  assistance  in  subduing  sla- 
very by  the  so-called  "under  ground  rail- 
way." 

On  March  28,  1822,  he  married  Mary, 
daughter  of  John  and  Sarah  (Pugh) 
j\Ioore,  by  whom  he  had  three  daughters 
and  four  sons. 

Our  subject  was  educated  in  the  York 
County  Academy,  where,  after  completing 
his  studies,  he  assisted  in  teaching  for  a 
year.  Business  pursuits  were,  however, 
more  to  his  taste  and  he  went  to  Philadel- 
phia at  the  end  of  that  term  and  clerked  in 
the  Merchant's  hotel.  In  1865  he  went  to 
Massachusetts,  arriving  at  Springfield  on 
the  day  Lincoln  was  assassinated.  Mr. 
Lewis  held  the  position  of  foreman  in  the 
Salisbury  woolen  mills  at  Amesbury,Mass., 
for  a  year  and  then  returned  to  York  to 
become  book-keeper  at  the  First  National 
Bank.  Soon  after  he  was  made  teller,  and 
in  addition  to  his  bank  duties,  he  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  shoes  with  his 
brother,  Rush  Webster,  and  for  nine  years 
they  conducted  a  factory  here.  In  1870 
Mr.  Lewis  retired  from  the  First  National 
Bank  and  became  cashier  of  the  newly  or- 
ganized Western  National  Bank,  a  position 
he  still  holds.  Besides  this  institution  Mr. 
Lewis  is  connected  with  several  other  cor- 
porate interests.  He  is  secretary  of  th.c 
York  and  Gettysburg  Turnpike  companv, 
treasurer  of  the  York  Ice  and  Refrigerat- 
ing company,  clerk  of  the  Star  Build- 
ing and  Loan  Association  and  treasure"-  of 
the  Western  Cemetery  Association  of  York. 
The  demands  which  these  responsible  posi- 
tions make  upon  his  time,  preclude  any  ac- 
tivity in  politics  at  present,  but  neverthe- 
less Mr.  Lewis  has  seen  valuable  pub- 
lic service.  As  a  Republican  he  was 
elected  to  membership  in  the  school  boanl 


464 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


in  1871  and  served  as  president  of  the  board 
for  one  year.  He  was  also  at  another  time 
secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  board  and 
borough  treasurer  in  1879.  April  29,i869,he 
married  Ellen  Sarah,  second  daughter  of 
Joseph  Smyser  and  Sarah  (Weaver)  Smy- 
ser,  highly  respected  citizens  of  York, 
and  they  have  four  sons  and  four 
daughters:  Ellis  S.,  born  February  11,  1870, 
teller  of  the  York  Trust  company;  Joseph 
S.,  a  druggist;  Mabel  R.;  Sadie  M.;  Clay 
E.,  at  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  attending  school; 
Nellie  K.;  Margie  W.;  Violet  and  Mv 
thias  S.  The  family  are  members  of  St. 
Paul's  Lutheran  church 

The  record  of  the  Lewis  family  indicates 
that  they  were  uniformly  conspicuous  in  the 
history  of  York  county  and  their  distin- 
guished traits  of  character  may  be  traced  in 
what  they  wrought  All  the  virtues  that 
they  exemplified  in  the  irreproachability 
of  their  character,  their  unostentatious  and 
kindly  bearing  and  their  devotion  to  con- 
science are  worthily  preserved  in  their  des- 
cendants to-day,  among  whom,  besides  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  is  Ellis  Lewis,  of 
Philadelphia,  ex-chief  justice  of  the  State 
of  Pennsjdvania. 

CAPTAIN  SOLOMON  MYERS,  de- 
ceased, of  York,  Pennsylvania,  was 
a  son  of  John  and  Eleanor  Myers  and  was 
born  in  Latimore  township,  Adams  county, 
Pennsylvania,  March  14,  1829,  and  died  in 
York  September  14,  1886.  He  was  of  Ger- 
man ancestry  and  having  acquired  an  ex- 
cellent education  in  the  public  schools  and 
through  his  own  exertions,  started  in  life 
as  a  teacher  in  Adams  county.  His  family 
removing  to  York,  he  came  here  with  them 
and  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life  in  this 
city. 

Captain  Myers  acquired  his  military  title 
through  two  terms  of  service  in  the  late 
war,  the  first  as  a  member  of  Company  A, 


6th  Regiment,  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 
which  he  entered  April  26th,  1861,  as  first 
lieutenant  and  from  which  he  retired  at  the 
expiration  of  his  enlistment,  July  24th, 
1861.  He  then  re-enlisted  for  three  years 
as  captain  of  Company  E,  87th  Regiment, 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers  and  served  from 
August  24th,  1861,  until  October  13th, 
1864,  participating  with  his  regiment  in 
about  twenty  engagements,  including  those 
of  Grant's  advance  upon  Richmond,  and 
Sheridan's  campaign  in  the  Shenandoah 
valley.  Returning  home  he  became  a  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  and  held  that  office  for 
fifteen  years.  He  also  conducted  a  music 
store  for  ten  years  prior  to  his  death.  In 
politics  he  was  a  Republican  and  in  reli- 
gion a  Lutheran.  His  fraternal  associa- 
tions were  with  Zeradatha  Lodge,  Free  and 
Accepted  Masons,  of  which  he  was  a  mem- 
ber and  treasurer  for  many  years.  He  was 
also  a  member  of  the  Independent  Order  of 
Odd  Fellows  which  he  served  in  a  repre- 
sentative capacity  for  many  years  prior  to  his 
death,  and  of  General  Sedgwick  Post. Grand 
.'^rmv  of  the  Republic,  in  all  of  wh'ch  he 
was  an  active  and  popular  member.  He 
was  a  director  of  the  Western  National 
Bank  from  the  time  of  its  organization  un- 
til his  death;  secretary  of  the  Ninth  Ward 
Building  and  Loan  Association  for  about 
twenty  years  and  besides  encouraging 
others  to  secure  homes  for  themselves 
through  the  agency  of  this  very  substantial 
institution,  was  himself  a  large  holder  of 
real  estate  and  assisted  conspicuously  in 
the  development  of  his  section  of  the  city. 

December  8,  1872,  he  married  Margaret 
A.,  daughter  of  John  and  Nancy  Orwig,  of 
Shrewsbury,  York  county,  who,  since  the 
death  of  her  husband,  has  managed  the 
estate  and  traveled  considerably  in  this 
countrv  and  abroad.  ' 


NirraxEENTH  Congressional  District. 


465 


WILLIAM  H.  WAGNER,  M.  D.,  a 
well  established  physician,  of 
York,  is  a  son  of  Joseph  and  Levina 
(Laiier)  Wagner,  and  was  born  at  Dover, 
York  county,  Pennsylvania,  December  26, 
1853.  Joseph  Wagner,  who  died  in  1884 
at  the  age  of  60  years,  was  a  native  of 
Adams  county,  but  subsequently  removed 
to  York,  where  he  followed  the  trade  of 
butcher  for  a  number  of  years.  He  mar- 
lied  Levina  Lauer,  a  daughter  of  Abraham 
Lauer,  of  York  county.  Joseph  Wagner 
was  a  son  of  George  Wagner,  who  was  a 
gunsmith  by  trade,  and  whose  father  served 
as  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  war  under 
Washington.  The  Wagners  are  medium 
sized  people,  noted  for  longevity  and  their 
strong  attachments  to  the  Lutheran  and 
Reformed  churches,  while  the  Lauers  be- 
long to  the  sturdy  element  in  Pennsylvania, 
known  as  the  Pennsylvania  German. 

William  H.  Wagner  was  reared  at  Dover, 
and  in  its  immediate  vicinity,  and  after  at- 
tending the  common  schools,  completed 
his  literary  training  in  the  old  and  celebrat- 
ed York  County  Academy,  which  has  been 
a  great  educational  force  in  Pennsylvania 
for  over  half  a  century.  After  leaving  the 
Academy,  Dr.  Wagner  taught  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  county  for  the  period 
of  seven  years,  and  then  read  medicine  with 
Dr.  J.  R.  Spangler,  of  York,  Pa.  Upon  the 
completion  of  the  required  course  of  read- 
ing, he  entered  the  Jefierson  Medical  Col- 
lege, Philadelphia,  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated in  the  class  of  1881.  Immediately 
after  graduation  he  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  his  chosen  profession,  and  has  re- 
mained an  assidious  disciple  ever  since.  He 
has  been  a  resident  of  York  since  1876. 

On  February  15,  1883,  Dr.  Wagner  was 
united  in  marriage  at  Doylestown,  Bucks 
county,  Pennsylvania,  with  Martha  J. 
Stewart,  of  Philadelphia,  and  a  daughter  of 
James   and   Elizabeth   Stewart,   natives   of 


County  Derry,  Ireland.  Mrs.  Wagner  is  a 
consistent  member  of  St.  John's  Episcopal 
church,  and  also  a  member  of  the  Woman's 
Guild,  of  the  same  church. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Wagner  have  an  adopted 
son,  Nevin  S. 

In  politics  Dr.  Wagner  is  a  Republican, 
but  takes  no  active  part  in  political  affairs 
beyond  an  intelligent  exercise  of  the  ballot. 
He  devotes  his  time  and  attention  to  the 
many  and  exacting  duties  of  his  profession, 
and  has  been  loath  to  ally  himself  with  any 
interests  which  have  in  themselves  a  tend- 
ency to  divert  his  energies  from  his  chosen 
vocation.  He  served  for  two  years  as  a 
member  of  the  common  council  of  York, 
but  beyond  this  declined  any  further  public 
honors.  Dr.  Wagner  is  a  member  of  the 
York  County  and  Pennsylvania  State  Med- 
ical Societies,  and  also  of  the  American 
Medical  Association  and  takes  an  active  and 
commendable  interest  in  the  proceedings 
of  these  bodies.  He  is  amiable  and  genial 
in  manner,  with  a  high  sense  of  personal 
honor  and  devoted  to  his  friends. 

HENRY  WASBERS,  one  of  the 
younger  business  men  of  York, 
growing  in  prominence  through  association 
with  several  new  and  flourishing  interests, 
is  a  native  of  this  city,  where  he  was  bom, 
1862.  He  is  the  son  of  a  veteran  who  lost 
his  life  during  the  late  rebellion.  His 
father  was  Michael  Washers  who  came  to 
America  from  Germany  when  a  young  man 
and  located  in  York.  The  mother  was 
Elizabeth  (Von  Gardle)  Washers.  The  elder 
Wasbers  entered  the  war  as  a  member  of 
Company  C,  of  the  famous  87th  Pennsyl- 
vania Regiment  of  Infantry  and  was 
woimded  and  died  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
Feb.  II,  i864,and  is  buried  at  Military  Asy- 
lum cemetery,  Washington,  D.  C.  He  was 
survived  by  his  wife  and  two  sons  and  a 
daughter,  who  besides  the  subject  of  this 


466 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


sketch  were:  Katie,  wife  of  George  Martin, 
of  Baltimore,  who  has  no  children;  and 
Jacob,  a  stationary  engineer  of  York,  who 
has  a  family  of  two  sons  and  a  daughter. 

Our  subject  grew  to  manhood  in  York 
and  in  early  life  acquired  the  barber  trade 
and  worked  at  it  for  about  five  years,  part 
of  the  time  as  the  proprietor  of  his  own 
shop.  About  ten  years  ago  he  established 
himself  in  the  laundry  business  in  which  he 
is  at  present  engaged  and  which  during  the 
intervening  years  has  been  considerably  en- 
larged, with  a  corresponding  increase  and 
improvement  in  equipment  as  the  growth 
of  his  business  demanded.  In  1896  he 
built  his  present  handsome  and  commodi- 
ous building  which  is  partially  a  residential 
and  partially  a  business  structure.  Mr. 
Washers  married  here,  his  wife  being  Lu- 
cinda  Peeling,  daughter  of  James  Peeling, 
at  one  time  sheriff  of  the  county.  They 
have  five  children:  Elizabeth,  Mabel,  Isa- 
bel, Dorcas  and  Pauline. 

Mr.  Washers  is  a  member  of  the  direc- 
tory of  the  Westinghouse  Electric  Light 
company  and  was  one  of  its  earliest  pro- 
motors.  He  is  also,  besides  a  director,  the 
honored  vice  president  of  the  company. 
Besides  this  connection,  he  is  one  of  the 
manangers  of  the  Penn  Wall  Paper  com- 
pany, limited,  and  treasurer  of  the  People's 
Mutual  Life  and  Relief  Association,  both 
York  corporations.  Mr.  Washers  is  a  man 
possessed  of  considerable  domestic  taste, 
but  he  does  not  confine  himself  entirely  to 
home  life  and  his  business.  He  is  known 
as  one  of  the  keenest  sportsmen  of  the  city, 
being  an  excellent  shot,  a  skillful  disciple  of 
Izaak  Walton  and  a  lover  of  fast  horses 
and  well  bred  hunting  dogs. 

JOHN  EDWARD  VANDERSLOOT, 
ESQ.,  a  young  and  energetic  mem- 
ber  of  the   York   County    Bar,   was 
born  at  Glen  Rock,  York  county,  Pennsyl- 


vania, February  17,  1869,  and  is  a  son  of 
Dr.  Frederick  W.  and  Sarah  G.  G.  Fife 
Vandersloot  The  family  is  of  German 
lineage,  the  first  progenitor  in  Pennsyl- 
vania being  the  Rev.  Frederick  W.  Von- 
der-sloot,  who  was  born  in  Zerbst,  a  town 
in  Anhalt-Dessau,  a  principality  in  Upper 
Saxony,  Germany,  in  1743.  He  had  been 
the  only  son  of  Rev.  Frederick  Wilhelm 
Von-der-Sloot,  and  emigrated  to  Pennsyl- 
vania in  1782,  his  wife  and  family  remain- 
ing in  Europe.  His  first  field  lay  in  Allen 
township,  Northampton  county,  Pa.,  and 
became  known  later  as  the  "Dry  land 
charge.'  From  1784  to  1786  he  served  as 
German  Reformed  pastor  of  the  Goshen- 
hoppen  church  in  Upper  Salford  township, 
Montgomery  county.  Pa.  His  first  wife 
having  died,  he  married  on  January  29, 
1784,  Miss  Anna  Margretta,  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  Jacob  Reed,  Esq.,  of  Hatfield  town- 
ship. He  returned  to  Northampton  county, 
where  he  died  in  1803. 

Rev.  Frederick  W.  Von-der-Sloot,  Jr., 
the  third,  was  an  eloquent  minister.  He  was 
born  November  11,  1775,  in  Dessau,  Eu- 
rope. After  finishing  his  education  at 
Heidelberg  University  he  followed  his 
father  to  Pennsylvania,  where  he  married 
Catharine  D.,  daughter  of  Rev.  P.  R. 
Pauli,  of  Reading.  From  1812  to  1818  he 
was  German  Reformed  pastor  at  Goshen- 
hoppen  church,  just  mentioned;  and  also 
preached  in  Philadelphia,  West  Virginia, 
and  other  points,  but  finally  settled  in  York 
county,  Pa.,  where  he  died  December  14, 
183 1,  and  is  buried  with  his  wife,  at  Holtz- 
schwam  church,  his  last  charge.  His  eld- 
est son.  Rev.  Frederick  W.  Vandersloot, 
the  fourth,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Janu- 
ary 8,  1804,  and  adopted  the  traditional 
calling  of  his  ancestors.  Like  his  father,  he 
ranked  high  as  a  preacher.  His  labors  were 
confined  almost  exclusively  to  York 
county,  where  he  was  widely  known  and 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


467 


highly  esteemed.  His  charges  in  York 
county  were  numerous,  among  them  being, 
Sadler's  church,  Ziegler's,  near  Seven  Val- 
ley, Blymire's  church,  Zion's  church, 
Springettsbury,  Stahley's  church,  Lower 
End.  At  the  latter  charge  his  ministry  ex- 
tended over  a  period  of  44  years.  He  mar- 
ried Mary  A.  Witman  and  died  September 
II,  1878.  Both  are  interred  at  Prospect 
Hill  cemetery,  York,  Pa. 

Dr.  Frederick  W.  Vandersloot,  eldest 
son  of  the  latter,  was  the  first  in  five  gener- 
ations to  seek  a  professional  career  outside 
of  the  ministry  of  the  German  Reformed 
church.  Dr.  Vandersloot  was  born  in  Wind- 
sor township,  York  county,  Pa.,  on  Janu- 
ary 30,  1834,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  phy- 
sicians in  York  county,  having  been  in  ac- 
tive practice  since  1855,  in  which  year  he 
graduated  from  the  University  of  Mary- 
land. He  married  Sarah  G.  G.  Fife,  a 
daughter  of  Robert  Fife,  of  Shrewsbury. 
Mrs.  Vandersloot  was  born  in  Shrewsbury 
February  21,  1838.  The  Fife  family  is  of 
Irish  decent.  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Vandersloot 
reared  a  family  of  five  children,  Frederick 
W.,  Jr.,  Anna,  intermarried  with  John  F. 
Kissinger,  Robert  F.,  John  Edward  and 
Lewis. 

John  Edward  Vandersloot  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools.  He  became  a  clerk 
in  the  Pennsylvania  Agricultural  Works  and 
later  accepted  a  position  as  news  reporter 
on  the  York  Dispatch,  where  he  was  em- 
ployed for  several  years  He  acquired  a 
knowledge  of  shorthand  and  typewriting, 
and  after  leaving  the  Dispatch  became  ste- 
nographer and  clerk  in  the  chain  manufac- 
turing establishment  of  J.  C.  Schmidt  & 
Co.,  with  whom  he  remained  for  a  period 
of  three  years.  At  the  expiration  of  this 
time  he  registered  with  George  S.  Schmidt, 
Esq.,  as  a  law  student  and  was  admitted  to 
the  Bar  of  York  county,  October  1893.  Mr. 
Vandersloot's     clerical      experience,      his 


knowledge  of  shorthand  and  typewriting,  as 
well  as  his  knowledge  of  law  and  people, 
constitute  a  somewhat  unusual  equipment 
for  a  young  man  in  the  legal  profession.  He 
has  a  rapidly  increasing  law  practice. 

Mr.  Vandersloot  has  for  a  number  of 
years  been  a  member  of  the  Duke  Street 
Methodist  Episcopal  church,  in  which  he 
holds  official  position,  and  with  whose  ex- 
tension and  moral  work  he  has  always  been 
identified.  He  is  a  pronounced  Republican 
in  politics,  gives  liberal  support  to  its  prin- 
ciples and  policies,  and  during  the  Presi- 
dential campaign  did  effective  campaign 
work  for  the  national  and  local  candidates. 
He  was  recently  chosen  Chairman  of  the 
York  County  Republican  organization. 

On  June  5,  1895,  he  was  wedded  to  Miss 
Carolyn  S.  Helker,  a  daughter  of  D.  A. 
Helker  and  Emily  (Sayres)  Helker,  of 
York.  They  have  one  child,  named  Charles 
Edwin. 

JAMES  GREENE  DURBIN,  Civil  En- 
gineer, and  at  present  City  Engineer 
of  York,  Pa.,  is  a  native  of  Wales, 
where  in  the  suburbs  of  Tradegar  in  Mon- 
mouthshire he  was  born  September  25, 
1856,  the  oldest  son  of  Joseph  W.  and 
Louise  (Hewlett)  Durbin.  His  parents  are 
of  English  birth  and  ancestry  and  came 
from  the  vicinity  of  Bristol  in  Somerset- 
shire. The  father  was  a  shoemaker  by  oc- 
cupation, came  to  America  in  the  year 
following  the  birth  of  his  son  and  arrived 
in  Schuylkill  county,  later  settling  in  Wil- 
liamstown,  Dauphin  county.  Pa.,  where  he 
now  resides  and  is  engaged  in  mercantile 
and  manufacturing  business.  Coming  to 
America  with  his  parents  in  his  first  year, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  reared  and 
grew  to  manhood  in  Dauphin  county 
where  he  obtained  a  good  common  school 
education.  He  then  attended  the  Freeburg 
Academy  for  a  year  and  half.    After  which 


468 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


he  spent  two  years  at  the  Millersville  State 
Normal  school  of  jMillersville.  Pa.  He  then 
returned  home  and  spent  some  six  years  in 
his  father's  general  store  where  he  received 
a  most  excellent  business  training.  During 
this  time  he  determined  upon  civil  en- 
gineering as  his  profession,  always  having 
cherished  this  desire  from  youth.  During 
the  succeeding  four  years  of  his  life  his 
previous  intellectual  training  was  supple- 
mented by  a  special  course  of  training  at 
the  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute  of 
Troy,  N.  Y.,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1884.  He  then  spent  about  three  years  in 
professional  work  in  the  coal  mining  dis- 
trict of  West  \'irginia,  having  headquarters 
at  Cedar  Grove  just  above  Charleston. 
About  this  time  a  topographical  survey  of 
York  was  started  by  Engineer  Goerke,  of 
Columbia,  and  Mr.  Durbin  came  here  to  be 
his  assistant.  He  spent  about  two  years  in 
this  capacity  and  his  capabilities  having 
been  demonstrated.  Councils  elected  him 
City  Engineer  and  he  has  held  the  office 
ever  since  despite  the  changes  in  party  con- 
trol in  the  city.  Since  his  incumbency  he 
has  given  the  city  faithful  and  efficient  ser- 
vice and  his  recommendations,  whenever 
followed,  have  always  resulted  in  satisfac- 
tory public  improvement. 

Mr.  Durbin  married,  in  Philadelphia, 
Elizabeth  Cordelia  Gray,  a  native  of  Juniata 
county,  the  daughter  of  Albert  and  Sarah 
(Trego)  Gray,  who  were  of  old  and  respect- 
ed Chester  county  families.  They  are  both 
memhers  of  the  First  Methodist  church. 

CHRISTIAN  DIETZ,  of  Mechanics- 
burg,  is  a  son  of  Daniel  and  Lydia 
(Stoner)  Dietz,  and  was  born  on  the  old 
Dietz  homestead  near  Hellam,  in  Hellam 
township,  York  county,  Pennsylvania,  Oc- 
tober 3,  1832.  The  Dietz  is  an  old  and 
highly  respected  German  family  of  York 
county,  and  George  Dietz,  the  grandfather 


of  our  subject,  was  bom  on  the  family 
homestead,  where  he  remained  a  farmer  all 
his  life.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Re- 
formed church.  Daniel  Dietz,  the  father  of 
our  subject,  was  also  born  on  the  old  home- 
stead, on  December  13th,  1798,  one  of  ten 
children.  When  he  grew  to  manhood  he 
learned  the  trade  of  blacksmith  and  follow- 
ed it  in  a  shop  to  the  west  of  the  village  of 
Hellam  until  1837,  when  he  bought  the 
well  known  Crother's  farm  in  East  Pens- 
boro  township,  and  there  spent  the  re- 
mainder of  his  life,  dying  January  10,  i860. 
He,  however,  retired  from  farming  ten 
years  before.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Reformed  church  and  a  Democrat.  He 
filled  several  of  the  township  offices.  His 
wife  was  Lydia,  daughter  of  Christian 
Stoner,  of  Hellam  township,  York  county. 
They  had  three  sons  and  three  daughters: 
Mary,  deceased,  was  married  to  John  S. 
Snively,  a  Silver's  Spring  township  farmer; 
David  farmed  on  his  father's  farm  and  died 
Feb.  20th,  1884,  aged  sixty-seven  years.  He 
was  coimty  commissioner  for  one  year  and 
held  several  township  offices;  Zachariah 
died  1875,  aged  forty-seven  years,  he  was  a 
farmer  in  Silver's  Springs  township;  Nancy 
married  Alartin  Brinton,  of  East  Pensboro 
township,  and  Elizabeth  died  in  girlhood. 

Our  subject  was  brought  up  on  the  farm 
and  for  thirty-three  years  followed  that  oc- 
cupation. Pie  obtained  his  education  in  the 
public  schools.  In  1889  he  removed  to  Me- 
clianicsburg,  where  he  has  since  resided. 
Mr.  Dietz  still  owns  a  fine  farm  of  305 
acres  in  Hampden  township  where  he  form- 
erly farmed.  He  is  one  of  the  largest  tax 
payers  in  the  township,  a  stanch  Democrat, 
and  for  eighteen  years  served  on  the  town- 
ship school  board.  He  was,  besides,  twice 
township  assessor  and  county  auditor  from 
1865  to  1868.  Mr.  Dietz  has  been  much 
sought  after  to  serve  as  guardian  for  or- 
phan children,  having  acted  in  that  capa- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


469 


city  for  fifteen  minor  children;  and  he  has 
settled  half  a  dozen  estates.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Lutheran  church.  January  24, 
1856,  he  married  Elizabeth  Wilt,  daughter 
of  John  Wilt,  a  farmer  of  East  Pensboro 
township.  To  that  union  were  born  five 
children:  George,  a  farmer  of  Hampden 
township,  deceased;  Alice  Jane,  wife  of 
Frederick  Mumma,  manager  of  the  Harris- 
burg  Preserving  Company,  at  Riverton; 
Rebecca  E.,  wife  of  F.  G.  Basehore,  a  far- 
mer of  Silver's  Spring  township;  Milton 
C,  a  farmer  on  his  father's  homestead  in 
Hampden  township;  Catharine  N.,  wife  of 
Martin  H.  Hertzler,  a  farmer  of  Hampden 
township. 

DR.  FREDERICK  C.  BUCHER,  a 
leading  physician  and  surgeon  of 
Wrightsville,  York  county,  is  a  native  of 
Columbia,  Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  born  March  23,  1868,  the  son  of 
Frederick  and  Louise  (Bartch)  Bucher.  The 
Buchers  are  of  German  origin.  Maximil- 
ian Joseph  Bucher,  the  grandfather  of  Dr. 
Bucher,  was  born  in  Deggingen,  Kingdom 
of  Wurtemberg,  Germany,  where  he  spent 
his  entire  life  and  up  to  the  time  of  his 
death  was  engaged  in  a  general  mercantile 
business.  Fie  married  Barbara  Berndeler, 
a  lady  of  Wurtemberg,  by  whom  he  had 
seven  children :  Frederick,  Christian,  Max- 
imilian, Bertha,  who  married  Alexander 
Teippel,  Mary,  Amelia  and  Christiana. 

Frederick  Bucher,  the  father  of  our  sub- 
ject, was  born  in  Wurtemberg  September 
18,  1830.  He  received  a  good  education  in 
Germany  and  at  first  was  engaged  in  the 
management  of  his  father's  business.  In 
1853  he  came  to  America  and  located  at 
Columbia  on  the  Susquehanna  river,  oppo- 
site Wrightsville,  where  the  doctor  at  pres- 
ent resides,  where  he  was  in  the  employ  of 
several  hardware  firms  and  through  this 
circumstance  came  to  invent  a  stove  which 


was  an  improvement  on  those  then  in  use. 
After  this  he  engaged  in  the  general 
merchandise  business  until  i886,when,  hav- 
ing accumulated  a  considerable  amount  of 
the  world's  goods,  he  retired  to  enjoy  his 
remaining  days  in  the  ease  and  comfort  that 
his  previous  activity  had  earned  for  him. 
Mr.  Bucher  is  one  of  the  large  real  estate 
owners  of  Columbia  and  as  a  large  tax 
payer  and  at  one  time  leading  business 
man,  is  well  known  and  prominent.  In  po- 
litics he  is  a  Republican  and  manifests  a 
commendable  interest  in  local  affairs.  In 
religion  he  is  a  liberal.  Mr.  Bucher  has  no 
military  record  acquired  in  his  adopted 
country  but  he  saw  service  in  a  Rifle  com- 
pany in  Wurtemberg  before  emigrating  to 
Am.erica.  He  is  a  member  of  Susquehanna 
Lodge,  No.  80,  Independent  Order  of  Odd 
Fellows,  and  of  No.  20,  Council,  Artisans 
Order  of  Mutual  Protection.  In  i860  he 
married  Louise,  a  daughter  of  Michael  and 
Elizabeth  Bartch,  by  whom  he  had  four 
children:  William  Louis,  of  Columbia;  Dr. 
Frederick  C,  our  subject;  Mary  Elizabeth 
and  Emily.     Mrs.  Bucher  died  in  1895. 

Dr.  Frederick  C.  Bucher  spent  the  earlier 
years  of  his  life  in  acquiring  a  good  Eng- 
lish education  in  the  public  schools  of  Co- 
lumbia and  graduated  in  1885.  He  then 
took  a  post  graduate  course  in  the  High 
school  and  in  the  spring  of  1886  went  into 
the  drug  store  of  Dr.  C.  F.  Markle,  where 
he  remained  a  year.  He  then  went  to 
Philadelphia  and  for  a  time  was  employed 
in  the  drug  business  but  having  determined 
to  enter  the  medical  profession  he  withdrew 
from  active  employment  and  became  a  stu- 
dent at  Franklin  &  Marshall  College  dur- 
ing the  years  1886  and  '87.  He  then  en- 
tered Princeton  University  as  a  Freshman 
and  graduated  in  1892.  During  the  fol- 
lowing three  years  he  studied  medicine  in 
the  Medical  Department  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  and  in  1895  received  his 


470 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


professional  diploma  as  a  graduate  of  that 
institution.  He  located  in  Wrightsville 
shortly  after  graduation  and  has  remained 
there  ever  since,  acquiring  a  large  general 
practice.  He  has  also  identified  himself 
with  the  town  by  a  commendable  display 
of  interest  in  its  growth  and  welfare.  Per- 
sonally the  doctor  is  a  very  agreeable  gen- 
tleman, while  professionally  he  is  courte- 
ous, studious  and  proficient.  In  politics 
he  is  a  Republican  and  in  religion  a  Pres- 
byterian. He  is  a  member  of  Chihuahua 
Lodge,  No.  317,  Independent  Order  of  Odd 
Fellows  and  of  Susquehanna  Council,  No. 
89,  Junior  Order  United  American  Me- 
chanics. He  is  also  one  of  the  most  pop- 
ular members  of  the  York  County  Medical 
Society. 

October  31,  1895,  he  married  Stella,  a 
daughter  of  John  M.  and  Martha  Gish 
(Engle)  Brandt,  of  Mt.  Joy.  One  child, 
Frederick  B.,  has  been  born  to  that  union. 

THOMAS  G.  NEELY,  of  Huntington 
township,  Adams  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, is  the  son  of  James  H.  and  Mary 
(Godfrey)  Neely,  and  was  born  in  Frank- 
lin township,  York  county,  Pennsylvania, 
April  24th,  1838. 

His  paternal  great-grandfather,  Thomas 
Neely,  was  born  in  Huntington  township, 
Adams  county,  and  was  a  farmer  all  his 
hfe.  His  paternal  grandfather,  Samuel 
Neely,  was  born  Alarch  19th,  1775,  in 
Huntington  township,  and  likewise  pur- 
sued the  occupation  of  farming  in  said 
township  and  county.  He  married  Ann 
Robinette,  daughter  of  George  Robinette, 
of  Latimore  township,  Adams  county.  The 
children  of  this  union  were:  Agnes  (Mrs. 
George  Gardner),  James  Harvey,  Elizabeth 
(Mrs.  Joseph  Diehl),  Mary  Ann  (Mrs.  Jacob 
Jones),  George  and  Samuel  Allen,  and  are 
all  deceased.  In  politics  he  was  a  Federal- 
ist.   He  died  March  18,  1841.  His  maternal 


great  grandfather,  William  Godfrey,  came 
from  Wales  early  in  the  i8th  century  and 
settled  upon  the  farm  upon  which  is  situ- 
ated the  historic  Valley  Forge,and  when  his 
son,  Thomas  Godfrey,  grandfather  of  the 
subject  of  this  article,  was  but  five  or  six 
years  old,  sold  that  farm  to  Benjamin  Potts 
and  purchased  800  acres  of  land  in  the 
upper  end  of  York  county.  Thomas  God- 
frey learned  the  milling  business,  and  after 
he  came  of  age  leased  the  Darby  mills  in 
Virginia,  and  at  that  time  met  and  married 
his  wife,  Mary  Settle,  the  daughter  of  Ed- 
ward Settle,  a  prosperous  planter  of  Cul- 
pepper county  in  that  State.  After  some 
years  he  removed  to  Franklin  township, 
York  county,  Pa.,  and  there  lived  the  bal- 
ance of  his  lifetime.  In  politics  he  was  a 
Democrat  and  for  many  years  held  the 
office  of  justice  of  the  peace.  He  was  born 
June  6,  1770.  His  children  were  Lucy 
Ann  (Mrs.  Elisha  Allen),  Evaline  (Mrs.  Ca- 
leb Beales),  Francis  S.,  Jane  F.,  (Mrs. 
David  Cox),  Mary  L.,  (Mrs.  J.  H.  Neely), 
Harriet,  Caroline  (Mrs.  Davis),  who  is  liv- 
ing in  Mechanicsburg,  Ohio,  Charles  M. 
Elizabeth  M.  (Mrs.  Thomas  Williams), 
and  Stephen  F.  Edward  Settle  God- 
frey, a  son  of  Dr.  Charles  M.  Godfrey, 
is  Major  of  he  Seventh  Regiment,  United 
States  Cavalry,  and  is  stationed  at 
Fort  Apache,  Arizona.  James  Harvey 
Neely  (father  of  Thomas  G.)  was  born  in 
Huntington  township,  near  Five  Points, 
January  15,  181 1,  and  was  married  to  Mary 
L.  Godfrey  March  25,  1835,  and  died  April 
6,  1862.  His  wife  was  born  May  19,  1810, 
and  died  January  28,  1886.  He  received  a 
common  school  education  of  that  period 
and  lived  nearly  all  his  life  on  his  farm, 
which  was  his  father's,  and  is  now  owned 
and  is  the  residence  of  this  subject.  In 
politics  he  was  a  Whig  and  filled  the  local 
offices  of  assessor  and  school  director  in 
Huntington  township.     He  was  an  active 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


471 


member  and  an  elder  of  the  Presbyterian 
church  at  York  Springs.  He  also  belonged 
to  a  Volunteer  Infantry  company  for  seven 
years,  known  as  the  Petersburg  Invin- 
cibles  .  His  children  were  Mary  Ann,  who 
died  in  infancy;  Thomas  Godfrey  and 
James  Robinette. 

Thomas  G.  received  a  common  school 
education, attended  private  schools  and  then 
the  Academy  at  New  Bloomfield,  which  he 
left  on  account  of  ill  health.  He  worked 
on  the  farm  and  also  taught  school  four 
term.s  in  Huntington  township.  In  No- 
vember, 1866,  he  was,  under  President 
Johnson,  appointed  assistant  revenue  asses- 
sor and  served  until  April,  186S.  In  March 
1869  he  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  and 
served  until  the  fall  of  1871,  when  he  re- 
signed. He  was  elected  Prothonotary  in 
October,  1871,  and  again  in  Nov.,  1874, 
and  served  two  terms.  In  i876he  was  a  del- 
egate to  the  Democratic  National  Conven- 
tion, which  met  at  St.  Louis,  and  nomi- 
nated Hon.  Samuel  J.  Tilden  for  President, 
and  was  frequently  delegate  to  Democratic 
State  Conventions.  He  was  chairman  of 
the  Democratic  County  Committee  from 
1876  to  1882.  In  January,  1879,  he  was 
appointed  bank  assessor  for  Adams  county. 
On  the  4th  of  July,  1885,  he  was  appointed 
deputy  revenue  collector  and  served  until 
January,  1890,  and  was  again  elected  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  in  Februarj',  1896.  He 
has  been  a  director  of  the  Gettysburg  Na- 
tional Bank  for  some  years,  and  has  set- 
tled up  a  large  number  of  estates.  He  still 
devotes  considerable  attention  to  farming, 
and  owns  two  fine  farms,  one  in  Hunting- 
don and  the  other  in  Latimore  township. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat.  He  is  a  Presby- 
terian and  a  Free  Mason.  He  was  married 
to  Margaret  A.,  daughter  of  Thomas  A. 
and  Lydia  A.  Dicks,  of  Reading  township, 
by  whom  he  has  six  children:  Cora  A., 
Charles  G.  (a  druggist  of  the  firm  of  Long 


i^  Neely,  12th  and  Chestnut  streets,  Phila- 
delphia,), Mary  (Mrs.  D.  A.  Gardner), 
Alice  (Mrs.  Dr.  E.  W.  Cashman),  Edgar  L. 
(who  m-arried  Zulu  B.,  daughter  of  Dr.  A. 
B.  Dill), and  Margaret,  who  died  when  eight 
months  old.  His  paternal  ancestors  were 
Scotch-Irish. 


JOHN  NEIMAN,  of  York,  Pennsyl- 
vania, president  of  the  Dover  Fire  In- 
surance Company,  is  a  son  of  George 
and  Mary  (Rupert)  Neiman,  and  was  born 
July  2,  1820.  This  event  took  place  in  an 
old  stone  house  in  Conewago  township, 
built  over  a  hundred  years  ago  and  former- 
ly occupied  by  his  grandfather,  George 
Neiman.  This  ancestor  was  a  farmer  and 
owned  two  fine  and  fertile  farms,  contain- 
ing about  seven  hundred  acres.  He  was  a 
Whig  in  politics  and  a  Lutheran  in  religion. 
By  his  marriage  with  Elizabeth  Wentz  he 
became  the  father  of  a  large  family. 

The  father  of  our  subject  was  born  on 
the  same  homestead.  He  grew  up  in  his 
native  township  and  became  quite  an  ex- 
tensive farmer  owning  and  tilling  a  consid- 
erable portion  of  700  acres  of  land.  His 
decided  political  opinion  caused  him  to  af- 
filiate with  the  Whig  and  later,  with  the 
Republican  party.  In  religion  he  was  of 
the  Lutheran  faith  and  filled  all  the  ofifices 
in  the  church  in  which  he  held  membership. 
He  was  twice  married,  first  to  the  mother 
of  our  subject,  by  whom  he  had  a  family 
of  nine  daughters  and  four  sons;  ten  of 
these  children  are  still  living.  His  second 
wife  was  a  Mrs.  Eisenhart.  He  died  April 
10,  1879,  near  the  old  homestead,  on  which 
he  was  born.  Our  subject's  mother  died 
September  27,  1862.  Both  are  buried  in 
Quickel's  church  cemetery  in  Conewago 
township. 

John  Neiman  had  limited  educational  op- 
portunities, teaching  in  those  days  being 


472 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


rather  rudimentary;  and  beside  this,  much 
of  his  time  was  devoted  to  farm  work.  He 
remained  with  his  father  until  he  had  at- 
tained the  age  of  twenty-three  years,  when 
he  engaged  in  farming  for  himself  on  a 
tract  of  land  adjoining  his  father's.  He 
subsequently  continued  in  that  pursuit  for 
twenty-six  years  on  a  farm  three  miles 
northwest  of  York,  in  West  Manchester 
township,  on  the  Carlisle  road,  where  he 
still  owns  172  acres  of  land.  Since  remov- 
ing to  York  in  1874  he  has  partially  re- 
tained his  connection  with  farming,  which 
consists  principally  in  looking  after  his  es- 
tate. He  owns  also  a  roller  flouring  mill 
which  is  situated  on  his  farm,  and  is  known 
as  Shiloh  mill,  located  on  the  Carlisle  road 
on  the  Little  Conewago  creek.  This  mill 
was  erected  by  Mr.  Neiman  about  the  year 
1888,  and  has  been  conducted  by  him  up  to 
this  time. 

Mr.  Neiman  is  the  only  living  charter 
director  of  the  Dover  Fire  Insurance  com- 
pany, organized  in  1856.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  president  of  that  company  and  has 
ever  since  filled  that  position  with  honor 
and  fidelity.  Though  a  Republican  in  poli- 
tics and  strong  in  his  faith  in  the  national 
principles  of  the  party,  yet  Mr.  Neiman  lays 
no  claim  to  partisanship.  He  has  the  repu- 
tation of  being  quite  liberal  and  independ- 
ent in  the  use  of  the  franchise  locally, 
voting,  as  the  saying  goes,  for  the  best  man 
in  home  elections.  He  has  held  several 
public  offices  in  his  time,  among  which  are 
township  assessor  and  school  director.  His 
religious  views  are  those  of  the  Lutheran 
church,  and  he  is  a  member  of  Christ  Luth- 
eran congregation  of  York,  Pa.,  in  which 
he  has  filled  the  position  of  elder.  Like  his 
father  Mr.  Neiman  has  been  twice  married. 
His  first  wife  was  Miss  Cassandra  Heilman, 
of  Manchester  township,  to  whom  he  was 
united  December  29,  1842.  They  had 
eleven  children.     Mrs.  Neiman  died  June 


19,  1889,  and  Mr.  Neiman's  second  mar- 
riage was  contracted  September  10,  1891, 
when  he  married  Mrs.  Isabella  Strick- 
houser,  nee  Zellers. 

Mr.  Neiman's  ancestors  were  of  German 
origin  and  he  inherited  many  of  the  dis- 
tinguishing and  worthy  traits  of  that  na- 
tionality. With  these  as  the  groundwork 
of  habits  and  character,  he  has  worked  out 
a  very  successful  and  commendable  career. 
By  industry,  honesty  and  conscientious  en- 
deavor he  has  prospered  in  the  goods  of  the 
world,  but  better  yet,  has  won  for  himself 
the  esteem  which  men  render  upon  the  ex- 
hibition of  such  worthy  qualities.  He  is 
rounding  out  a  successful  life  in  comfort 
and  contentment  at  his  home  on  West 
Market  street  and  as  his  people  have  been 
longlived,  bids  fair  to  live  many  years  yet. 

REV.  J.  W.  REESE,  a  well-known  and 
popular  Lutheran  clergyman,  of 
York  Springs,  is  a  son  of  Edward  and 
Eliza  (Kreusin)  Reese,  and  was  born  No- 
vember 14,  1838,  at  Bustleton,  Philadel- 
phia, Pennsylvania.  He  is  of  Welsh  des- 
cent, his  father  having  been  born  in  Wales, 
July  29,  1809.  He  received  the  common 
school  education  of  that  country  and  came 
to  America  about  1824,  locating  in  Phila- 
delphia. He  then  again  attended  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  worked  on  a  farm.  He 
finally  took  up  farming  as  a  vocation  and 
followed  it  until  he  retired  from  active  la- 
bor and  resided  at  Valley  Forge,  Pa.  He 
still  lives  there.  In  politics  he  was  a  Whig. 
Throughout  his  life  he  was  an  exemplary 
Christian  and  was  an  elder  in  the  Baptist 
church.  His  children  are:  Rev.  J.  W. 
Reese,  the  subject  of  this  biographical 
sketch;  William  H. ;  Edward;  Mary  Jane; 
Sarah  (Mrs.  Harry  B.  Bornmann);  Lydia 
(Mrs.  Stewart);  Phoebe  (Mrs.  Frank 
Schneider);  and  Elizabeth.  The  others 
died  in  infancy.    The  mother  died  in  1857. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


473 


The  subject  of  this  memorandum  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  schools  of  Phil- 
adelphia, after  which  he  engaged  in  the 
pursuit  of  gardening  in  that  city  for  a  few 
years.  He  then  entered  Pennsylvania  Col- 
lege, at  Gettysburg,  but  did  not  complete 
the  course  on  account  of  ill  health.  Sub- 
sequently he  studied  theology  under  Rev. 
Dr.  Ziegler  at  Missionary  Institute,  Selins 
Grove,  Pennsylvania,  and,  having  been  or- 
dained, took  charge  of  a  church  in  Curls- 
ville.  Clarion  county,  in  this  State.  He  re- 
mained there  one  year  and  then  went  to 
Butler  county,  where  he  had  charge  at 
North  Washington.  He  remained  there 
from  1872  to  1875,  and  from  the  latter  year 
until  1878  was  located  in  Lairdsville,  Pa. 
From  1878  to  1885  he  was  located  at  Bed- 
ford, and  then  until  1889  in  Homer  city. 
Pa.  From  there  he  came  to  York  Springs 
to  become  pastor  of  the  Lutheran  church 
and  has  since  been  identified  with  interests, 
moral  and  spiritual,  of  that  village. 

REV.  P.  P.  HEMLER.  of  New  Ox- 
ford, Adams  county,  Pa.,  is  the  son 
of  David  and  Susan  (Smith)  Hemler,  and 
was  born  April  8,  1859,  in  Mount  Pleasant 
township,  Adams  county,  Pennsylvania. 
This  was  also  the  birth-place  of  his  father, 
who  received  a  common  school  education 
as  a  lad,  and  became  a  farmer.  In  1866  he 
removed  to  Carroll  county,  Maryland,  and 
hired  there  on  a  farm  for  ten  years.  He 
then  went  to  Frederick  county,  near 
Mount  St.  Mary's,  and  continued  farming 
until  1887,  when  he  died  mourned,  as  he 
had  been  respected  where  he  lived,  by  a 
multitude  of  friends.  He  was  a  Democrat 
and  a  devout  member  of  the  Catholic 
church.  His  children  were  nine  in  num- 
ber: Samuel,  Lewis,  Katharine,  Sarah  (Mrs. 
Hugh  Roddy),  Agnes,  John,  Frank,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  and  Mary.  His  wife 
died  in  the  year  1862. 


The  subject  of  this  biographical  mono- 
graph. Rev.  P.  P.  Hemler,  received  his 
rudimentary  education  in  the  public 
schools,  graduated  from  Mount  St.  Mary's 
College,  Maryland,  and  was  ordained  to  the 
priesthood  October  5,  1888.  He  was  ap- 
pointed assistant  priest  at  Chambersburg, 
Pa.,  where  he  remained  for  two  years,  and 
wa;:  then  assigned  as  assistant  priest  to  St. 
Mary's  church,  Lebanon,  Pa.  There  he 
remained  only  ten  months,  when  in  May, 
1891,  he  was  appointed  pastor  of  the  Catho- 
lic church  in  New  Oxford,  which  position 
he  now  holds.  He  was  the  first  pastor  ap- 
pointed to  take  this  place,  and  since  com- 
ing here  has  erected  a  large  brick  parson- 
age, enlarged  the  church  edifice  and  built 
the  present  parochial  school  building.  He 
prides  himself  on  his  successful  efforts  in 
building  and  is  now  taking  steps  to  erect 
a  new  church  structure  in  the  early  future. 
In  politics  Rev.  Father  Hemler  is  a  Demo- 
crat, but  in  local  afifairs  always  votes  for 
the  candidate  he  esteems  the  most  worthy. 
It  is  not  fulsome  praise  to  say  that  he  is 
one  of  the  most  popular,  influential  and 
highly  esteemed  citizens  in  this  thriving 
town. 


HON.  GERARD  CRANE  BROWN, 
one  of  the  best  known  public  men 
of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  No- 
vember 12,  1842,  in  the  tower  of  London, 
the  son  of  Benjamin  F.  and  Mary  Sophia 
(Cops)  Brown.  He  is  of  Puritan,  Colonial 
and  Revolutionary  stock  and  is  a  direct 
descendant  in  the  seventh  generation  of 
Thomas  Brown,  Esq.,  of  Rye,  county  of 
Essex,  England,  who  emigrated  to  Con- 
cord, Mass.,  in  1832.  The  family  is  a 
younger  branch  of  the  Browns  of  Beech- 
worth,  county  of  Kent,  England,  which  was 
founded  by  Sir.  Anthony  Brown,  a  Knight 
of  the  Bath,  upon  whom  that  heraldic  dig- 
nity was  conferred  at  the  coronation    of 


474 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Richard  II,  1377.  Senator  Brown's  great- 
great-grandfather,  Major  Hachaliah  Brown, 
commanded  the  Westchester  Levies  in  the 
French  and  Indian  war  of  1757-8,  at  the 
siege  of  Louisburg,  under  Gen.  Lord  Am- 
herst. His  great-grandfather,  the  second 
son  of  Major  Brown,  served  under  Wash- 
ington in  the  Revolution. 

Benjamin  F.  Brown,  the  father  of  Sena- 
tor Brown,  was  born  in  Somers,  New  York, 
January  11,  1799,  and  spent  twenty-five 
years  of  his  Hfe  in  traveling.  In  1841  he 
married  Mary  Sophia,  a  daughter  of  Alfred 
Cops,  Esq.,  of  the  tower  of  London,  where, 
on  November  12,  1842,  his  eldest  child,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born.  In  Au- 
gust, 1845,  he  returned  to  the  United  States 
with  his  family  and  re-occupied  his  farm  in 
Carmel,  Putnam  county.  New  York,  where 
he  died  September  25,  1881. 

.Senator  Brown  received  his  education  at 
the  North  Salem  Academy,  Westchester 
county,  New  York,  Phillips  Academy,  An- 
dover,  Mass.,  where  he  was  a  member  of 
the  class  of  1859,  and  at  Yale  University, 
where  he  was  a  member  of  the  class  of  1863. 
He  left  Yale  when  18  years  old  on  the  day 
following  the  bombardment  of  Fort  Sum- 
ter, and  began  raising  a  company  on  April 
15,  1861,  before  Lincoln  had  issued  his  call 
for  seventy-five  thousand  volunteers.  Sen- 
ator Brown  served  as  first  lieutenant  of 
Company  G,  38th  Regiment,  N.  Y.  S.  Vol., 
and  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  July  21,  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged September  20th,  1861.  He  en- 
gaged in  farming  at  Croton  Falls,  New 
York,  and  since  1874  he  has  been  farming 
at  Yorkana,  York  county,  Pennsylvania. 
Since  his  removal  to  this  county  Mr. 
Brown  has  taken  an  active  and  prominent 
part  in  Democratic  politics  and  has  risen 
to  the  position  of  one  of  the  State  leaders 
of  that  party.  He  was  first  elected  State 
Senator  to  represent  the  28th  Pennsylvania 


district,  in  1886,  re-nominated  by  acclama- 
tion and  re-elected  by  four  thousand  two 
hundred  majority  in  1890.  In  the  Legisla- 
ture of  1893  he  served  on  the  committees 
on  agriculture,  finance,  game  and  fish,  in- 
surance and  library;  and  was  the  caucus 
nominee  of  his  party  for  president,  pro 
tempore,  of  the  Senate.  He  was  recognized 
leader  in  the  cause  of  equalization  of  taxa- 
tion; the  enforcement  of  the  i6th  and  17th 
articles  of  the  constitution,  and  all  legisla- 
tion for  the  advantage  of  agriculture  and 
the  benefit  of  the  farmer's  interest.  In 
State  and  National  campaigns  Senator 
Brown  has  been  actively  engaged  as  a 
speaker  and  in  1892  he  stumped  in  West 
Virginia,  New  Jersey,  New  York  and  Con- 
necticut. As  a  Tarifif  Reformer  he  has  a 
national  reputation.  His  arguments  against 
a  high  protective  tariff  made  before  the 
Ways  and  Means  Committee  of  Congress 
in  1890  and  1891  have  been  printed  as 
Democratic  campaign  documents. 

Since  becoming  a  resident  of  Pennsyl- 
vania Senator  Brown  became  identified 
with  the  Grange  and  in  1886  was  elected 
State  Lecturer  and  re-elected  in  1888.  He 
is  the  State  Deputy  for  York  county  since 
1876  and  for  10  years  a  member  of  the  leg- 
islative committee.  He  has  also  served  as 
associate  editor  of  the  Farmers  Friend.  In 
1879  he  organized  the  Lower  Windsor  Mu- 
tual Fire  Insurance  company,  of  which  he 
has  since  been  secretary.  He  was  a  prom- 
inent member  of  the  Pennsylvania  Tax 
Conference  which  codified  the  Revenue 
Laws  of  the  State  1893  to  1895. 

February  8,  1872,  Mr.  Brown  married 
Caroline  Victoria,  a  daughter  of  the  late 
Dr.  J.  W.  Barcroft,  of  Fairfax  county, 
Virginia.  Five  children  have  been  born  to 
this  union:  Benjamin, Gerard,  Mary  Bar- 
croft, Eva  Wolverton  and  Caroline  Vic- 
toria. The  family  are  members  of  St. 
John's  Episcopal  church  of  York, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


475 


Senator  Brown  has  an  immense  popular- 
ity in  York  county,  and  from  his  tried  and 
proved  devotion  to  their  service  possesses 
the  confidence  of  its  people.  In  his  own 
neighborhood  he  is  known  as  a  hard  work- 
ing and  energetic  farmer. 

In  political  campaigns  the  Brown  house 
is  frequently  a  Mecca  for  politicians  from 
all  over  the  county,  district  and  State,  for 
the  Senator  is  recognized  as  a  man  of 
keen  political  insight  and  his  advice  and 
judgment  are  m.uch  sought  and  followed. 
He  iis  a  splendid  shot  and  when  not  occu- 
pied with  the  cares  of  political  life  or  the 
more  arduous  labors  of  the  farm  he  in- 
dulges in  his  favorite  recreation  of  hunting. 
For  some  years  the  Senator  has  been  re- 
garded as  available  timber  in  the  make  up 
of  State  and  district  tickets  and  the  day  may 
not  be  far  distant  when  his  party  may  again 
call  him  to  some  high  office  in  the  gift  and 
service  of  the  people. 

REV.  ALFRED  B.  MOWERS,  of 
Shiremanstown,  Pa.,  is  the  son  of 
Simon  and  Catherine  (Piper)  Mowers,  and 
was  born  near  Carlisle  April  28,  1866.  The 
Mowers  are  of  German  origin  and  were 
among  the  early  settlers  of  this  county, 
residing  near  Shippensburg.  George 
Mowers,  great-grandfather  of  Rev.  Alfred, 
was  a  native  of  Germany  and  the  original 
settler  of  the  Mower's  family  in  the  county. 
He  was  one  of  the  principal  farmers  in  that 
community  and  a  member  of  the  United 
Brethren  church.  He  was  a  resident  of 
the  county  prior  to  the  Revolutionary  war. 
John  Mowers,  grandfather  of  our  subject, 
was  a  wagonmaker  of  Mowersville,  a  vil- 
lage named  after  him,  and  of  which  he  was 
the  founder.  He  was  one  of  the  prominent 
men  of  his  day  and  was  a  well  known  mer- 
chant and  business  man.  He  married  a 
Miss  Souders,  by  whom  he  had  eleven 
children:     Six  are  dead. 


Simon  Mowers,  the  father  of  our  subject, 
was  born  at  Mowersville,  January  16,  1822. 
He  was  a  coach-maker  by  trade  which 
vocation  he  relinquished  after  a  few  years 
and  engaged  in  farming.  In  1867  he 
moved  to  Dauphin  county  and  subsequent- 
ly purchased  a  farm  six  miles  east  of  Har- 
risburg,  Dauphin  county,  which  he  culti- 
vated until  1885.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  East  Pennsylvania  United  Brethren 
Conference  since  1865.  His  principal  ap- 
pointments were  Linglestown  and  Rock- 
ville,  where  he  remained  for  nine  or  ten 
years  .He  has  always  been  a  very  devoted 
and  loyal  member  to  his  church,  a  man  of 
influence  and  popular  where  he  resided.  He 
was  retired  from  active  work  in  1895.  He 
married  Catherine,  daughter  of  Daniel  and 
Barbara  (Piper)  the  father  being  the  son 
of  a  grocer  and  farmer  of  Franklin  county. 
To  that  union  were  born  John  F.,  minister 
of  the  United  Brethren  church,  now  located 
in  Bethlehem;  Mary  S.,  wife  of  Robert 
C.  Har^'ey,  of  Oberlin,  Pennsylvania  ;Dixon 
W.,  minister  of  the  M.  E.  church  (South) 
of  Richmond,  Virginia;  Simon  S.,  a  wood 
worker  of  the  Pennsylvania  railroad  shops ; 
Samuel  T.,  retired  minister  of  the  United 
Brethren  church,  now  in  the  meat  market 
of  Philadelphia;  David,  railroader  of  Chi- 
cago, Illinois;  Zephaniah  C,  minister  of 
the  United  Brethren  church,  Elmwood, 
Indiana;  Harriet  E.,  wife  of  Rev.  Anson 
L.  Hasler,  a  Presbyterian  minister,  of  In- 
dianapolis, Indiana;  Harry  H.,  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church,  of  Lebanon,  Pennsyl- 
vania; Joseph  E.,  carpenter  of  McKeesport 
and  Rev.  Alfred  B.,  of  whom  we  write.  The 
latter  received  his  education  in  the  common 
and  high  school  and  at  the  Union  Biblical 
Seminary  of  Dayton,  Ohio,  graduating  in 
1889.  That  same  spring  he  became  pastor 
of  the  Peth  valley  charge  where  he  served 
six  years.  He  came  to  this  town  in  1896, 
where  he  is  pastor  of  the  Shiremanstown 


476 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


United  Brethren  church.  He  is  connected 
with  the  Pennsylvania  Conference  which  is 
composed  of  vigorous  and  thriving 
churches. 

He  was  married  to  Annie  M.  Biggs, 
daughter  of  William  and  Lucy  (Bixler) 
Biggs,  of  Westminster,  Maryland,  Febru- 
ary 12,  1889.  Mr.  Biggs  is  a  native  of  Scot- 
land and  came  to  America  about  1840.  He 
is  a  farmer  by  occupation.  Rev.  and  Mrs. 
Mowers  have  three  children:  Eva  L.,  Earl 
B.,  and  Alfred  G. 

GUYON  H.  BUEHLER,  proprietor 
of  the  Star  and  Sentinel,  of  Gettys- 
burg, Adams  county,  is  the  oldest  son  of 
David  A.  and  Fannie  J.  Buehler,  and  was 
born  June  4,  1856.  On  December  3,  1873, 
he  entered  the  printing  ofnce  of  the  Star 
and  Sentinel,  and  since  that  date  has  been 
connected  with  it  continuously  in  one  ca- 
pacity or  another.  In  1877  he  became  bus- 
iness manager,  in  1893  part  proprietor  and 
on  May  23,  1896,  the  sole  proprietor  of  the 
paper.  Mr.  Buehler  has  had  a  long  and 
varied  journalistic  experience  and  this  train- 
ing has  been  invaluable  in  holding  up  his 
paper  to  the  high  standard  it  attained  under 
previous  management. 

Adams  county  was  created  by  act  of  as- 
sembly January  22,  1800.  On  the  12th  of 
November,  1800,  The  Adams  Sentinel,  the 
first  paper  established  in  the  new  county, 
was  issued  by  Robert  Harper,  who  contin- 
ued to  be  its  editor  down  to  November  8, 
1816.  On  this  latter  date  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  son,  Robert  G.  Harper, whose 
connection  with  the  press  of  the  county 
was  long  and  honorable.  This  Adams  Sen- 
tinel, was  the  forerunner  of  the  present 
Star  and  Sentinel,  but  several  papers  have 
been  consolidated  and  numerous  firms  and 
editors  have  been  engaged  in  the  process 
of  its  making. 


On  April  17,  1830,  John  S.  Ingram  estab- 
lished a  paper  called  the  Anti-Masonic 
Star.  A  few  months  later  on  July  10,  1830, 
he  sold  the  plant  to  Robert  W.  Middleton, 
who  changed  the  name  to  the  Star  and 
Republican  Banner  and  continued  as  editor 
and  owner  until  December  4,  1838,  when 
he  disposed  of  the  plant  to  Cooper,  Sny- 
ser  and  Co.  Changes  followed  rapidly  and 
on  January  4,  1839,  Robert  S.  Paxton's 
name  appears  as  editor.  He  retired  on 
January  28,  1840,  in  favor  of  G.  Washing- 
ton Bowen.  In  1845  David  A.  Buehler 
became  the  owner  and  on  March  23,  1849, 
he  sold  a  half  interest  to  his  brother,  C.  H. 
Buehler.  They  continued  their  partnership 
until  January,  1856,  when  they  sold  to 
John  T.  Mcllhenny.  In  1867  the  two  pa- 
pers, the  Adams  Sentinel  and  the  Star  and 
Republican  Banner  were  consolidated  un- 
der the  management  of  Harper,  McPher- 
son  and  Buehler  and  the  name  was 
changed  to  the  Star  and  Sentinel.  Upon 
the  death  of  Mr.  Harper  in  1870,  his  inter- 
est was  purchased  by  his  partners  and  Da- 
vid A.  Buehler  became  the  editor  and  con- 
tinued to  be  until  his  death  in  1887.  After 
the  death  of  Mr.  D.  A.  Buehler,  one  of  the 
partners  in  1893,  the  property  was  sold  to 
John  B.  McPherson,  Guyon  H.  Buehler 
and  A.  Danner  Buehler.  This  partnership 
continued  to  May  23,  1896,  when  Messrs. 
McPherson  and  A.  Danner  Buehler  retired 
and  Guyon  H.  Buehler  became  sole  pro- 
prietor. The  journal  has  stood  for  all  that 
is  best  in  the  development  of  the  town  and 
county  and  has  attained  a  high  standard 
in  the  State.  It  still  has  a  mission  to  per- 
form and  all  citizens  who  look  to  the 
growth  of  healthy  moral  sentiment  in  the 
political  arena  expect  the  Star  and  Senti- 
nel to  stand  in  the  future  where  it  has 
stood  in  the  past.  It  is  the  Republican 
paper  of  the  county. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


477 


WILLIAM  H.  FLORA,  a  prominent 
real  estate  and  insurance  agent,  of 
Wrightsville,  York  county,  was  born  in 
that  borough  August  i,  1863,  the  son  of 
Henry  N.  and  Helen  (Drenning)  Flora. 
The  family  is  of  French  Huguenot  origin 
and  formerly  the  name  was  written  de 
Flury.  Abraham  Flora,  great-grandfather 
of  our  subject  was  born  in  Germany,  from 
whence  he  emigrated  to  America  and  set- 
tled in  Lancaster  county.  He  left  one  son 
Daniel  Flora,  who  farmed  in  Lancaster 
county.  Afterward  he  removed  to  York 
county  and  farmed  near  Wrightsville  very 
extensively  during  the  remainder  of  his  life. 
He  was  identified  with  the  Republican 
party  and  in  religion  was  a  Menonite. 
Henry  M.  Flora,  father  of  our  subject,  was 
born  in  Lancaster  county  October  6,  1814, 
and  died  May  23,  1868.  He  acquired  his 
education  in  the  common  schools.  Like 
his  father  he  was  a  Republican,  but  instead 
of  subscribing  to  the  latter's  religious  be- 
lief he  became  a  Presbyterian.  Mrs. 
Flora  was  a  daughter  of  William  and  Mary 
Drenning,  of  Lancaster  county,  and  mar- 
ried to  Henry  N.  Flora  in  1861.  Their 
union,  one  of  constancy  and  felicitv,  was 
blessed  with  three  children:  William  H., 
and  Walter,  twins,  and  Granville,  a  moul- 
der, of  Wrightsville.  Mrs.  Flora  has  sur- 
vived her  worthy  husband  twenty-nine 
years  and  is  still  living  at  Wrightsville. 

William  H.  Flora,  acquired  his  education 
in  the  common  schools  of  Wrightsville  and 
then  began  the  battle  of  life  on  a  farm  near 
the  borough.  He  followed  the  plow  for 
four  years  and  then  engaged  in  the  groc- 
ery business  in  Wrightsville  for  two  years. 
Selling  his  store  he  located  at  Tacoma, 
Washington  and  for  the  next  four  years 
engaged  in  the  hotel  business.  When  he 
retired  from  that  business  he  returned  to 
Wrightsville  and  opened  a  real  estate  and 
insurance  agency,  in  which  business  he  still 

31 


continues.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  Wrightsville  and  Hellam  Mutual 
Fire  Insurance  company,  at  present  being 
a  director  and  secretary,  also  agent  of  Phil- 
adelphia L'nderwriters,  Phoenix  Assurance 
Co.  of  London  and  other  companies.  He 
does  a  large  business  in  real  estate,  loans 
and  mortgages,  and  is  one  of  the  busiest 
men  in  the  borough.  Mr.  Flora  has  charge 
of  a  large  number  of  properties  owned  by 
non-residents.  By  strict  attention  to  busi- 
ness he  has  succeeded  in  gaining  the  entire 
confidence  of  the  business  community.  Mr. 
Flora  is  one  of  the  most  active  Republi- 
cans in  York  county  and  is  regarded  as  a 
strong  leader  in  Wrightsville.  His  ad- 
vice is  always  sought  in  local  party  con- 
tests and  he  has  shown  himself  to  be  very 
astute  in  his  political  judgments.  He  is  at 
present  a  member  of  the  Republican 
County  Committee  and  secretary  to  trie 
Republican  County  Chairman.  Naturally 
his  activity  has  won  for  him  more  than 
mere  notice  in  Wrightsville  and  he  has  held 
a  number  of  public  positions  in  that  bor- 
ovigh.  At  present  he  is  secretary  of  the 
board  of  health,  is  now  serving  his  second 
term  as  tax  collector  and  has  been  notary 
public  since  Governor  Pattison  appointed 
him  in  1893,  his  commission  having  been 
renewed  by  Governor  Hastings  at  the  ex- 
pirationof  his  term  in '97.  In  1894,  Mr.  Flora 
was  a  candidate  for  county  treasurer  but  be- 
ing in  the  minority  party  failed  of  election, 
though  his  vote  under  the  circumstances 
was  a  flattering  one.  In  religion  he  is  an 
active  Presbyterian  and  at  present  is  assist- 
ant superintendent  of  the  Presbyterian  Sun- 
day school  at  Wrightsville. 

His  fraternal  affiliations  are  with  Chihua- 
hua Lodge,  No,  317,  Independent  Order 
of  Odd  Fellows,  in  which  he  has  taken  an 
active  part  since  he  joined  and  has  passed 
through  all  the  chairs;  and  with  Susqueh- 
anna Council,  No.  89,  Junior  Order  United 


478 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


American  Mechanics,  of  which  he  is  the 
present  Councillor. 

PROF.  SAMUEL  B.  HEIGES,  scholar, 
scientist  and  ex-pomologist  of  the 
National  Agricultural  Department,  was 
born  at  Dillsburg,  Pa.,  February  i6th,  1837, 
the  son  of  Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Mumper) 
Heiges. 

Prof.  Heiges  took  hold  of  the  active  du- 
ties of  life  early  in  his  years.  In  the  local 
school  he  was  a  scholar  and  teacher  until 
his  sixteenth  year,  when  he  was  placed  in 
full  charge  of  a  school  in  Perry  county.  In 
1854,  the  first  year  of  the  county  superin- 
tendency  in  Pennsylvania,  he  became  a 
teacher  in  Cumberland  county;  and  the 
next  year  was  assigned  as  principal  to  an 
academy  previously  presided  over  by  the 
superintendent  of  that  county.  During 
several  years  he  spent  the  summer  sessions 
at  the  Cumberland  Valley  Institute,  Me- 
chanicsburg,  then  in  a  highly  flourishing 
condition,  and  for  a  few  sessions  was  there 
engaged  in  the  capacity  of  tutor,  availing 
himself,  meanwhile,  of  the  opportunity  to 
pursue  a  course  of  instruction  in  natural 
sciences,  under  the  able  tuition  of  Profes- 
sor Dornbaugh.  He  was  next  chosen  pro- 
fessor of  mathematics  in  the  Cumberland 
County  Normal  School  and  occupied  that 
chair  during  three  sessions.  In  1861  he 
removed  to  York  and  organized  a  very 
flourishing  school  at  Cottage  Hill  college, 
where  he  remained  until  commissioned 
superintendent  of  the  schools  of  York 
county,  June  4th,  1863,  to  which  position, 
three  years  subsequently,  he  was  unani- 
mously re-elected.  After  retiring  he  filled 
the  chair  of  mathematics  and  natural  sci- 
ences in  the  York  County  Academy  for 
three  years  and  for  twelve  months  held  the 
same  post  in  the  York  High  School.  On 
the  completion  of  the  York  Collegiate  In- 
stitute,   the    professorship    of    the    same 


branches  was  tendered  to,  and  accepted  by, 
him;  but  the  labor  of  both  departments  in 
so  extensive  an  institution  proving  too  ex- 
acting, he,  at  the  close  of  the  first  year,  re- 
.signed  the  professorship  of  mathematics, 
retaining  the  chair  of  natural  sciences  until 
he  took  charge  of  the  Soldiers  Orphans' 
School  at  Camp  Hill,  Cumberland  county. 

When  the  Camp  Hill  School  became  a 
State  institution  Prof.  Heiges  relinquished 
his  control  and  returned  to  York.  Subse- 
quently President  Cleveland  appointed  him 
pomologist  of  the  National  Agricultural 
Department,  a  position  Mr.  Heiges  held 
until  shortly  after  the  incoming  of  the  Mc- 
Kinley  Administration.. 

Much  of  Professor  Heiges'  time  has  been 
devoted  to  investigations  in  vegetable  and 
animal  physiology  and  his  widespread  repu- 
tation for  deep  learning  m  those  branches 
has  naturally  brought  him  into  much 
prominence  in  the  circles  interested  in  those 
departments  of  knowledge.  As  a  member 
of  numerous  agricultural  and  horticultural 
societies  his  opinion  is  sought,  his  views 
adopted  and  his  word  as  an  authority  un- 
questioned. He  served  for  several  years  as 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  Agricultural 
Societ}'  and  for  some  time  as  president  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Fruit  Growers'  Society. 
He  has  been  frequently  called  upon  to  de- 
liver lectures  before  tachers'  conventions 
and  institutes  in  various  portions  of  the 
State  and  has  held  the  position  of  vice  pres- 
ident of  the  Pennsylvania  Teachers'  Asso- 
ciation. By  numerous  scientific  and  liter- 
ary societies  of  colleges  and  State  normal 
schools,  he  has  been  elected  and  enrolled 
in  honorary  membership. 

T  OHN  M.  HEIGES,  deceased,  was  born 
I  in  Dillsburg,  York  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania , December  2,  1829  and  died  De- 
cember 28,  1882,  on  his  farm  in  West 
Manchester  township,  the  land  of  which, 


Nineteenth  Congressioiv-al  District. 


479 


at  the  present  time,  forms  a  large  part  of 
the  built-up  portion  of  the  9th  ward  of  the 
city  of  York.  Mr.  Heiges  was  survived  by 
widow  and  mother,  Elizabeth  Heiges,  a 
sister,  Laura  J.  Heiges,  both  of  whom  have 
since  died,and  three  brothers:  J.  D.  Heiges, 
a  well  known  and  leading  dentist  of  York; 
Prof.  S.  B.  Heiges,  ex-county  superintend- 
ent of  public  instruction  and  late  pomolo- 
gist  of  the  National  Department  of  Agri- 
culture at  Washington;  and  George  W. 
Heiges,  a  prominent  lawyer  and  an  ex- 
burgess  of  York;  and  a  sister,  Elizabeth 
A.,  wife  of  William  N.  Seibert,  a  leading 
lawyer  of  the  Perry  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, bar. 

Mr.  Heiges  learned  the  trade  of  cabinet 
making  in  the  city  then  the  borough  of 
York,  during  his  teens  and  for  many  years 
followed  that  business  successfully  in  his 
native  town  of  Dillsburg.  In  politics  he 
was  a  Democrat  who  was  recognized  to 
be  a  politician  of  unusual  foresight  and 
shrewdness.  He  took  a  prominent  and 
active  part  in  the  councils  of  his  party 
and  in  his  time  held  numerous  offices  as  a 
reward  for  his  services  and  a  title  to  his 
ability  and  worth.  In  1864  he  was  elected 
register  of  wills  and  filled  the  office  very 
acceptably  for  three  years.  Subsequently 
by  appointment  of  the  county  commission- 
ers, he  became  clerk  of  the  board  for  two 
years.  At  various  times  thereafter  he 
served  by  appointment  as  deputy  register 
of  wills  and  deputy  prothonotary  of  the 
county. 

The  later  years  of  his  life  were  devoted 
to  experimental  farming  on  his  farm  of 
about  twenty  acres,  now  wholly  within  the 
limits  of  the  city  of  York.  In  this  he  met 
with  great  success,  especially  in  the  culti- 
vation of  small  fruits  and  wheat.  His 
experiments  with  wheat  lead  him  to 
invent  a  cultivator  upon  which  he 
obtained     letters    patent     and     which     he 


used  for  cultivating  wheat  sowed  in  rows 
same  as  corn.  By  this  method  of  agricul- 
ture he  produced  unusually  fine  grain,  the 
greater  part  of  which  he  annually  disposed 
of  to  the  United  States  Government  at  an 
advance  far  beyond  the  market  price.  Mr. 
Heiges  was  a  member  of  the  York  County 
Agricultural  Society,  one  of  the  most  pro- 
mising and  successful  societies  of  its  kind 
in  the  United  States. 

Jacob  Heiges,  the  father  of  Air.  Heiges, 
was  a  prominent  chair  manufacturer  of 
York  county,  and  his  mother,  Elizabeth 
(Mumper)  Heiges,  was  a  daughter  of  John 
and  Jane  (Beelman)  Mumper  both  of  Ger- 
man parentage.  Jacob  Heiges  died  a 
comparatively  young  man,  at  the  age  of  52 
years  and  about  three  months.  His  father 
died  January  12,  1856,  aged  about  sixty- 
five  years,  and  his  mother  died  September 
9,  1886,  aged  about  eighty-one  years.  John 
and  Jane  Mumper  lived  to  be  about  eighty- 
one  and  eighty-tv/o  years  respectively. 

ROBERT  J.  F.  McELROY,  ESQ., 
one  of  the  younger  members  of  the 
York  County  Bar,  is  a  son  of  George  W. 
and  Anna  M.  (Fisher)  McElroy,  and  was 
born  in  York,  York  county,  Pennsylvania, 
August  12,  1868.  The  McElroy  family  is 
of  Scotch-Irish  origin  and  was  founded  in 
Lancaster  county,  Pennsylvania,  by  Daniel 
McElroy,  who  was  a  native  of  County 
Donegal,  Province  of  Munster,  Ireland.and 
married  Rebecca  Wisherd,  a  native  of  Glas- 
gow, Scotland.  After  coming  to  Lancas- 
ter county,  Pennsylvania,  they  continued  to 
reside  there  during  the  remainder  of  their 
lives.  Of  their  nine  children,  the  youngest 
was  George  W.  McElroy,  ex-district  at- 
torney of  York  county.  He  was  born  in 
Lancaster  county,  July  23,  1818,  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  and  from  1841 
to  1844,  served  as  principal  of  Ephrata 
Academy.    Subsequently,  he  read  law  with 


480 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


Colonel  Reah  Frazer,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Lancaster  county  where 
he  practiced  several  years,  during  which 
time  he  was  also  editor  of  the  Lancaster 
Intelligencer.  From  Lancaster  he  moved 
to  Meadville,  Crawford  county,  but  in  1853 
returned  to  the  former  place  where  he 
practiced  until  1861. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  late  civil  war,  he 
enlisted  in  Battery  A,  First  Pennsylvania 
Artillery,  as  a  private,  and  remained  in  the 
Federal  service  until  December  3,  1864, 
when  he  received  an  honorable  discharge. 
He  then  located  permanentlyin  York.where 
he  became  a  resident  member  of  the  Bar 
on  December  20th,  1864.  In  1883  he  was 
elected  District  Attorney  of  the  county, 
succeeding  Edward  D.  Ziegler,  Esq.,  and 
continued  to  fill  that  office  for  three  years. 
He  died  November  i,  1887,  a  short  time 
after  the  close  of  his  term  of  office. 

In  1866  Mr.  McElroy  married  Anna  M. 
Fisher,  a  daughter  of  Michael  and  Anna 
Mary  Fisher,  of  York,  Pa.  They  have  had 
eight  children,  five  son  and  three  daugh- 
ters. 

Robert  J.  F.  McElroy  attended  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  York,  and  then  entered  the 
High  school  of  the  same  place,  from  which 
he  graduated  in  the  class  of  1885.  After 
leaving  school  he  read  law  with  his  father, 
and  subsequently  with  A.  C.  Fulton  and 
W.  A.  Miller,  Esqs.,  at  York,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Bar  December  19,  1892,  since 
which  time  he  has  been  in  the  active  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.  He  is  a  young  man 
of  promise  and  ability,  and  for  some  time 
after  his  admission  served  as  special  county 
detective  under  appointment  of  the  District 
Attorney. 

He  is  a  member  of  Codorus  Council,  No. 
115,  Junior  Order  of  United  American 
Mechanics,  and  Keystone  Conclave,  No. 
12,  Improved  Order  Heptasophs.  He  is 
a  member  of  Trinity  Reformed  church  of 


York,  Rev.  J.  O.  Miller,  D.  D.,  pastor. 

He  has  always  been  a  Democrat  in  poli- 
tics but  during  the  late  Presidential  cam- 
paign supported  the  ticket  of  the  National 
Democracy,  and  is  a  warm  advocate  of 
the  single  gold  standard  of  currency. 

JACOB  M.  GOODYEAR,  sheriff  of 
Cumberland  county,  is  a  veteran  of 
the  late  Civil  war  and  a  descendant 
of  that  sturdy  pioneer  stock  which  has 
made  Lancaster  and  other  eastern  counties 
one  of  the  rich  agricultural  districts  in  the 
United  States.  He  is  a  son  of  Samuel  and 
Mary  Ann  (Morett)  Goodyear,  and 
was  born  in  South  Middleton  township, 
Cumberland  county,  Pennsylvania,  Novem- 
ber 21,  1845.  I"  the  tide  of  emigration 
from  Germany  to  Pennsylvania  was  Lud- 
wig  Goodyear,  who  settled,  about  1750,  in 
Warwick  township,  Lancaster  county, 
where  he  and  his  wife  Regina  lived  peace- 
ful and  industrious  lives.  Their  sons,  John 
and  Jacob,  came  to  South  Middleton  town- 
ship and  purchased  adjoining  farms  which 
they  tilled  until  death  summoned  them  to 
another  world.  John  Goodyear  was  born 
in  Warwick  township,  Lancaster  county, 
March  nth,  1784,  and  died  in  South  Mid- 
dleton township,  December  29,  1864.  He 
married  Ann  Burkholder,  whose  parents 
were  Christian  and  Franca  Burkholder, 
originally  from  Dauphin  county.  John  and 
Ann  Goodyear  were  blessed  with  a  family 
of  six  sons  and  two  daughters:  David, 
John,  Catharine,  Jacob.  Abraham,  Samuel, 
Benjamin  and  Regina.  Samuel  Goodyear, 
tJie  fifth  son,  was  born  July  16,  1818,  and 
lived  to  nearly  reach  his  74th  year,  dying 
September  14,  1895.  He  followed  agri- 
cultural pursuits  up  to  1865,  in  which  year 
he  moved  to  Carlisle  where  he  was  engaged 
successively  in  the  lime  and  the  baking 
business  He  was  a  prominent  member  of 
the  Knights  of  Pythias,  and  in  politics  sup- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


ported  the  Democratic  party.  He  wedded 
Mary  Ann  Morrett,  who  is  a  daughter  of 
Jacob  Morrett,  of  Churchtown,  and  was 
born  1825.  To  their  union  were  born  six 
sons  and  six  daughters,  of  whom  but  three 
sons  and  three  daughters  reached  ma- 
turity: WilHam,  Jacob  M.,  Mrs.  Ann  Mar- 
tin, of  Harrisburg;  John,  of  Bloomington, 
IlHnois;  Mrs.  C.  D.  Cameron,  and  Rebecca, 
who  resides  with  her  mother. 

Jacob  M.  Goodyear  was  reared  on  the 
farm,  received  a  practical  business  educa- 
tion, and  followed  farming  until  September 
I,  1864,  when  he  enlisted  in  Company  A, 
209th  Pennsylvania  Volunteers.  His  regi- 
ment joined  Butler's  forces  and  on  Novem- 
ber 17,  1864,  he  was  captured  on  the  picket 
line  and  confined  successively  in  Libby  pri- 
son. Castle  Thunder  and  at  Salisbury, 
North  Carolina.  He  was  exchanged  March 
15th,  1S65,  came  home  on  a  furlough  to 
recruit  his  health  which  had  been  badly 
impaired  by  prison  treatment,  and  then  re- 
joined his  regiment  which  was  discharged 
at  Alexandria,  Va.,  on  May  1865.  Re- 
turning from  the  army  he  located  at  Car- 
lisle where  he  was  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  pumps  for  two  years.  He  then 
removed  to  South  Dickinson  township  and 
after  five  years  spent  in  farming  returned 
to  Carlisle  where  he  embarked  in  the  lime 
business  to  which  later  he  added  a  coal 
yard.  In  these  two  lines  he  was  success- 
fully engaged  up  to  1894  when  he  was 
elected  sherifif  of  Cumberland  county. 

On  September  26th,  1867,  Mr.  Good- 
year married  Ellen  C.  Miller,  a  daughter  of 
'Squire  Levi  Miller,  of  Mt.  Holly  Springs. 
To  their  union  were  bom  ten  children: 
Fisk  and  Samuel,  successors  to  their  father 
in  the  lime  and  coal  business;  William; 
Annie;  Frank;  Carrie;  John;  Charles;  Nor- 
ton and  Norman,  who  died  in  infancy. 

Sherifif  Goodyear  has  always  been  a 
Democrat  and  is  discharging  the  duties  of 


his  important  office  with  satisfaction  to  the 
public  and  with  credit  to  himself.  He  gives 
to  the  sherifif's  ofEce  the  same  attention  and 
management  that  made  his  business  enter- 
prises so  successful  Sherifif  Goodyear  is  a 
member  of  Carlisle  Council,  No.  574,  Jun- 
ior Order  of  United  American  Mechanics; 
True  Friends  Lodge,  No.  56  Knights  of 
Pythias;  and  a  member  and  past  officer  of 
Capt.  Caldwell  Post,  No.  201,  Grand  Army 
of  the  Republic.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
First  Lutheran  church,  of  Carlisle,  and 
ranks  among  the  useful  citizens  and  effi- 
cient public  officials  of  Cumberland  county. 

JARED  F.  BLASSER,  the  present  efifi- 
cient  Clerk  of  the  Courts  of  York 
county,  is  a  son  of  James  Alexander 
and  Sarah  (Stabler)  Blasser,  and  was  born 
in  Shrewsberry  township,  York  county, 
Pennsylvania,  February,  1862.  He  is  of 
German  and  Scotch-Irish  descent,  and 
while  the  record  of  emigration  has  not  been 
preserved  on  either  side  of  the  house,  yet 
the  names  of  Blasser  and  Stabler  have  al- 
ways been  ones  of  respectability  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  county.  In  direct  lineal  descent 
from  the  emigrant  ancestor  of  the  Blasser 
family  is  James  Alexander  Blasser,  who 
was  born  in  Shrewsbury  borough,  this 
county.  He  obtained  a  good  English  edu- 
cation and  learned  the  trade  of  tailor  which 
he  followed  for  some  years.  He  is  a  strong 
and  active  Democrat,  and  served  from 
1882  to  1885  as  the  Clerk  of  Courts  of 
York  county.  Since  leaving  the  clerk's 
office,  he  has  been  variously  engaged  and 
is  now  a  resident  of  York,  Pa.  He  married 
Sarah  Stabler,  a  daughter  of  George  Stab- 
ler, of  Shrewsbury  township.  To  their 
union  were  born  several  children,  of  whom 
but  three  lived  to  reach  maturity:  Clara, 
deceased ;  Jennie  and  Jared  F. 

Jared  F.  Blasser  was  reared  in  his  native 
countv,  received  his  education  in  the  com- 


482 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


mon  schools,  and  when  twenty  )'ears  of 
age,  became  an  assistant  to  his  father  in 
the  county  clerk's  office.  In  due  time  he 
became  sufficiently  well  versed  with  the 
affairs  of  the  office  to  be  m.ade  deputy 
clerk,  and  was  appointed  to  that  office  by 
all  succeeding  clerks  of  the  county  courts, 
from  the  close  of  his  father's  term  in  1885, 
down  to  the  year  1893.  In  the  latter  year 
he  ofifered  himself  as  a  candidate  for  clerk 
at  the  primaries  of  his  party,  and  in  the 
convention  received  on  first  ballot  the  votes 
of  131  of  the  174  delegates  composing  that 
body.  At  the  ensuing  election  he  was 
elected  by  a  good  majority,  and  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  his  office  on  January  i, 
1894.  Perfectly  familiar,  through  twelve 
years  of  continuous  service  as  deputy,  with 
the  affairs  of  the  office,  he  commenced  his 
duties  as  clerk  with  ease  and  efficiency. 
Mr.  Blasser,  although  solicited  by  some  to 
offer  himself  for  a  second  term,  firmly  de- 
clined in  deference  to  the  unwritten  but 
time  sanctioned  usage  of  the  Democratic 
party,  which  has  always  been  opposed  to 
the  Clerk  of  Courts  holding  two  consecu- 
tive terms.  Although  not  a  candidate  for 
re-election,  yet  he  takes  his  usual  interest 
in  the  county.  State  and  national  political 
affairs,  and  believes  in  the  supremacy  of 
the  Democratic  party  as  necessary  to  the 
greatest  prosperity  of  the  people  and  the 
successful  administration  of  the  body  poli- 
tic. 

Mr.  Blasser  is  popular  as  a  leader  in  his 
party,  stands  well  as  a  county  official,  and  is 
respected  as  a  citizen.  He  is  a  member  of 
Keystone  Conclave,  No.  12,  Improved  Or- 
der Heptasophs,  in  which  he  has  passed  all 
the  chairs.  In  1893-1895  he  was  the  repre- 
sentative of  the  above  mentioned  order  to 
the  Supreme  Conclave  of  the  United 
States,  which  met  at  Atlantic  City,  New 
Jersey,  and  New  Haven,  Connecticut. 

On  April  14,1886,  Mr.  Blasser  was  united 


in  marriage  with  Annie  C.  Boeckel,  whose 
father,  Emanuel  Boeckel,  is  a  resident  of 
Springgarden  township,  this  county.  Their 
union  has  been  blessed  with  one  child,  a 
son,  born  Alarch  9,  1888,  and  named  Gor- 
man B.,  after  United  States  Senator 
Gorman,  of  Maryland,  who  has  been  promi- 
nent in  public  affairs  for  over  a  quarter  of 
a  century. - 


OSEPH  ELCOCK,  a  highly  esteemed 
and  one  of  the  oldest  citizens  of  Me- 
chanicsburg,  is  a  native  of  York 
comity,  having  been  born  in  Warrington 
tovmship,  Nov.  10,  1813.  The  Elcocks 
are  of  Irish  extraction.  The  father,  Rich- 
ard Elcock,  came  to  America  from  Ireland 
when  eighteen  years  of  age  and  located  in 
York  county,  where  he  married  Alary,  a 
daughter  of  Peter  Wagner,  a  farmer  and 
pump  maker  of  near  East  Berlin.  Though 
he  was  a  weaver  by  trade,  Mr.  Elcock  turn- 
ed to  agricultural  pursuits  and  followed  the 
plough  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  died 
on  his  farm  in  Warrington  township,  where 
he  had  resided  for  many  years,  in  1843, 
aged  seventy-two  years.  He  was  the  father 
of  five  sons  and  three  daughters:  William, 
born  1799,  who  died  in  early  manhood; 
John,  late  a  farmer  in  York  county,  born 
1801,  died  1881;  Elizabeth,deceased;  David, 
a  teacher  and  farmer  late  of  York  county, 
who  died  at  the  age  of  eighty-six;  Jane,  de- 
ceased, wife  of  the  late  Joseph  Krall,  for- 
merly of  York  county,  but  later  a  resident 
of  Mechanicsburg;  Thomas,  a  Presbyterian 
minister  and  resident  of  Van  Wert,  Ohio; 
and  our  subject.  It  will  be  seen  that  the 
Elcocks  are  hardy  people  and  as  a  rule 
long  lived. 

Joseph  Elcock  was  reared  on  the  farm 
and  educated  in  the  township  schools.  At 
twenty  years  of  age  he  was  apprenticed  to 
learn  tailoring  and  followed  that  occupa- 
tion five  years,  when  he  returned  to  his 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


483 


father's  homestead  and  conducted  the  farm 
for  two  years.  At  the  solicitation  of  the 
elder  Elcock  he  then  moved  upon  another 
of  his  farms  on  which  was  located  a  hotel. 
Here  he  farmed,  conducted  the  hotel  and 
carried  on  tailoring.  In  two  years  he 
bought  a  farm  for  himself  and  moved  upon 
it.  There  was  a  pottery  near  and  in  ad- 
dition to  farming  he  engaged  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  earthen  ware  for  about  fifteen 
years.  At  the  end  of  that  time  he  moved 
to  Mt.  Pleasant  and  engaged  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  for  eleven  years.  From 
Mt.  Pleasant  he  moved  to  Mechanicsburg 
and  carried  on  the  dry-goods  business  for 
a  number  of  years,  when  he  turned  it  over 
to  his  son,  Thomas,  and  son-in-law.  David 
Biddle.  Mr.  Elcock  then  turned  his  atten- 
tion to  the  manufacture  of  farming  imple- 
ments, in  which  he  was  engaged  until  1884, 
when  he  retired  from  all  active  business. 
Mr.  Elcock  has  been  identified  very  promi- 
nently with  the  public  interests  of  his 
adopted  home.  He  is  the  only  living  or- 
ganizer of  the  Second  National  Bank,  of 
which  he  has  been  a  director  since  its  or- 
ganization. He  is  also  a  director  of  the 
Mechanicsburg  Water  company  and  of  the 
East  Pensboro  Fire  Insurance  company. 
His  religious  affiliations  are  with  the 
Church  of  God,  of  which  he  has  been  a 
consistent  and  active  member  and  elder  for 
fifty-five  years.  He  was  twice  married. 
His  first  wife  being  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Jacob  Strominger,  of  York  county.  By 
this  wife  he  had  four  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters: Mary  Ann,  wife  of  David  Biddle, 
merchant  of  Mechanicsburg;  Jacob,  a  busi- 
ness man  of  Seattle,  Washington;  John,  a 
brick  manufacturer  of  Springfield,  Illinois; 
Theodore,  a  resident  of  the  west;  Thomas, 
a  merchant  of  Mechanicsburg;  Elizabeth 
Jane,  wife  of  David  Myers,  a  York  county 
farmer.  His  second  marriage  was  with 
Mary,  a  daughter  of  Peter  and  Mary  (Gin- 


ter)  Brenneman,  of  York  county,  by  whom 
he  had  four  daughters:  Samantha  Lizzie, 
who  died  at  the  age  of  twenty-five;  Lulu, 
wife  of  Samuel  Hauck,  hardware  merchant 
of  Mechanicsburg;  Sarah  Ellen,  who  died 
at  the  age  of  twenty-two;  and  Ann  F.,  at 
home. 

Mr.  Elcock,  who  is  now  almost  eighty- 
four  years  of  age,  can  look  back  over  a  well 
spent  and  useful  life.  Energy,  frugality  and 
honorable  dealing  have  gained  him  wealth, 
honors  and  friends.  When  he  came  to  Me- 
chanicsburg it  was  but  a  village.  He  has 
seen  it  grow  and  double  its  proportions  and 
has  the  consciousness  of  knowing  that  to 
its  expansion  and  growth  he  has  contri- 
buted no  inconsiderable  share. 

WILLIAM  E.  WEBB,  M.  D.,  exam- 
iner for  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
company  at  York,  is  a  son  of  William  and 
Phoebe  (Pownall)  Webb,  and  was  born 
near  Unionville,  Chester  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, April  14,  1863.  The  Webb  family 
is  of  distinguished  English  ancestry  and 
came  to  the  Province  of  Penn  at  an 
early  day  in  its  history.  The  Pennsylvania 
branch  of  the  family  is  of  Quaker  stock,  and 
its  early  members  while  of  peaceful  profes- 
sion yet  were  active  in  civil  affairs.  Like 
the  Webbs  the  Pownalls  were  sturdy  Eng- 
lish Quakers,  but  came  at  an  early  date  to 
Pennsylvania,  being  passengers  with  Penn 
when  he  came  over  in  1682.  The  Webbs 
and  Pownalls  settled  at  an  early  day  in 
Chester  county,  from  which  many  worthy 
representatives  of  both  families  have  gone 
to  other  counties,  where  they  have  led  lives 
of  usefulness  and  been  active  members  of 
society. 

William  E.  Webb  passed  his  early  years 
of  life  on  the  farm,  received  his  literary 
education  in  the  public  schools  and  the 
West  Chester  State  Normal  school,  and 
then  selected  the  medical  profession  as  his 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


life  vocation.  He  read  medicine  with  Dr. 
H.  W.  Pownall,  and  matriculated  in  Jeffer- 
son Medical  College,  of  Philadelphia,  from 
which  well  known  institution  he  was  gradu- 
ated in  the  class  of  1887.  After  graduation 
he  located  at  CoUamer,  in  Chester  county, 
\i'here  he  practiced  up  to  April  8,  1890, 
when  he  accepted  the  position  of  assistant 
examiner  for  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
company,  at  Williamsport,  Lycoming 
county.  From  Williamsport,  on  February 
I,  1893,  he  was  transferred  to  Derry  Sta- 
tion, Westmoreland  county,  and  remained 
there  as  assistant  medical  examiner  until 
June  I,  1895,  when  he  was  appointed  to  his 
present  position  as  medical  examiner  at 
York.  Dr.  Webb  has  been  successful  as 
a  physician,  and  stands  well  with  his  fellow- 
members  of  the  medical  profession.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  York  County  and  the 
Pennsylvania  State  Medical  Societies.  His 
advancement  to  his  present  and  responsible 
position  has  been  the  reward  of  merit,  and 
hard  and  assiduous  labor.  Dr.  Webb  is  a 
Republican  in  politics,  but  takes  no  active 
or  prominent  part  in  the  great  contests  be- 
tween the  two  leading  political  parties  of 
the  country.  He  is  a  member  of  London 
Grove  Friends  meeting  and  follows  reli- 
giously in  the  foot-steps  of  his  ancestors 
who  were  faithful  followers  of  George  Fox, 
On  April  7,  1890,  Dr.  William  E.  Webb, 
at  Furniss,  Lancaster  county,  married 
Emma  Grace  Evans,  a  member  of  Chest- 
nut Level  Presbyterian  church,  and  a 
daughter  of  J.  Leiper  and  Grace  A.  (Col- 
lins) Evans,  of  Furniss.  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Webb,  have  two  children,  a  son  and  a 
daughter;     William  and  Grace  E. 

JC.  TANGER,  hardware  merchant  of 
•      Hanover,  York  county,  is  a  son  of 
David  S.  and  Susanna  Cecilia  (Rupp) 
Tanger,   and  was  born   at  Hanover  June 
28,  1857.     '^he  Tangers  are  of  Scotch  ori- 


gin. David  Tanger  was  the  son  of  Jacob 
Tanger,  who  was  born  in  Lancaster  county. 
Pa.  David  Tanger  was  born  in  Lancaster 
city.  Pa,,  and  after  receiving  a  common 
school  education,  learned  wagon  making 
at  York  Springs,  Adams  county,  after 
which  he  engaged  in  mercantile  business 
for  three  years.  He  came  to  Hanover  in 
1S54  and  began  the  manufacture  of  car- 
riages in  1856.  He  was  also  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Loucks,  Michael  &  Tanger, 
hardware  dealers,  organized  in  1862.  In 
1865  Loucks  withdrew  and  in  1877  the  firm 
became  Tanger  &  Etzlor.  The  hardware 
and  carriage  business  was  carried  on  by  this 
firm  until  1880,  when  our  subject  bought 
!\'[r.  Etzler's  interest  and  the  firm  became 
D.  S.  Tanger  &  Son.  Since  1887,  when  the 
elder  Tanger  died,  the  business  has  been 
conducted  by  our  subject  under  the  firm 
of  J.  C.  Tanger  &  Co.  David  S.  Tanger 
was  a  Republican  and  as  such  took  an  ac- 
tive part  in  politics.  He  was  twice  elected 
burgess  of  Hanover  and  also  served  in  the 
town's  council  and  school  board.  In  reli- 
gion he  was  a  member  of  the  Menonite 
church.  He  was  twice  married,  his  first 
wife  being  Susanna  Cecilia,  a  daughter  of 
John  and  Mary  Rupp,  by  whom  he  had 
three  children:  John  C,  our  subject;  Fan- 
nie E.,  who  married  Samuel  Hostetter;  and 
a  child  who  died  in  infancy.  His  second 
wife  was  Elizabeth  Harnish,  daughter  of 
Jacob  and  Susanna  Harnish.  To  that  un- 
ion were  born  seven  children:  Grant  S., 
deceased:  Frank  T. ;  Eva  L.,  who  married 
Alvin  Menges;  David  A.;  Catharine;  Viola 
G.,  and  Anna,  the  latter  deceased. 

John  C.  Tanger  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  Hanover  and  then 
engaged  in  clerking  in  his  father's  hard- 
ware store  until  1876,  when  he  went  to 
Philadelphia  and  clerked  in  the  wholesale 
carriage  and  saddlery  hardware  store  of 
George  De  B.  Keim  &  Co.     In  May  1880 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


485 


he  returned  to  Hanover  and  as  before  men- 
tioned, bought  an  interest  in  his  father's 
hardware  business.  He  has  remained  a 
resident  and  business  man  of  Hanover  ever 
since.  Mr.  Tanger  is  one  of  Hanover's  most 
substantial  citizens  and  has  taken  a  promi- 
nent part  in  the  development  of  the  town's 
interests.  He  assisted  in  organizing  the 
People's  bank  at  Hanover  and  is  at  present 
secretary  of  the  institution.  He  also  as- 
sisted in  organizing  the  Hanover  &  Mc- 
Sherrystown  Street  Railway  company  and 
was  its  first  president.  Mr.  Tanger  also  de- 
votes considerable  attention  to  the  affairs 
of  the  Reformed  church  of  which  he  is  a 
member  and  a  communicant  in  Emanuel's 
congregation.  He  is  superintendent  of  the 
infant  Sunday  school. 

June  24,  1885,  he  married  Ida  S.,  a 
daughter  of  Charles  and  Susan  Young. 
That  union  has  been  blessed  with  four  chil- 
dren: Charles  Y.,  John  C,  Susan  Y.,  and 
David  S.,  the  latter  deceased. 

HON.  E.  Z.  STRINE,  an  ex-member 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  of 
Pennsylvania,  and  a  prominent  lawyer,  was 
born  in  the  village  of  Strinestown,  Cone- 
wago  township,  York  county.  Pa.,  on  June 
nth,  1842.  His  parents  were  Peter  S. 
Strine  and  Margaret  Zeigler  Strine.  Peter 
S.  Strine  was  born  in  Conewago  township 
in  181 5,  and  Margaret  Zeigler  Strine  was 
born  in  Codorus  township  in  181 7.  The 
father  of  Mr.  Strine  died  in  1854  and  is 
buried  in  Union  cemetery,  Manchester 
borough.  His  mother  is  still  living  and 
resides  on  the  old  homestead,  at  Strines- 
town, and  is  now  in  her  8oth  year.  Both 
are  Dunkards  and  gave  to  their  son  a  re- 
ligious training  from  his  childhood.  The 
great-grandfather,  Peter  Strine,  was  a  na- 
tive of  Germany  and  settled  in  America 
during  the  middle  of  the  i8th  century.  The 


latter  served  under  Gen.  Washington  in  the 
war  of  the  Revolution. 

Margaret  Zeigler  Strine's  parents  were 
of  German  descent,  her  father,  Daniel  Zeig- 
ler, serving  as  a  soldier  in  the  defence  of 
Baltimore  in  the  war  of  1812-14. 

Capt.  E.  Z.  Strine  was  employed  on  a 
farm  during  his  youth.  He  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  and  ranked  high  as 
a  scholar.  He  came  to  York  in  March, 
1862,  and  entered  into  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness and  continued  that  pursuit  until  1872 
when  he  registered  as  a  law  student  in  the 
office  of  E.  D.  Ziegler,  Esq.  On  Febru- 
ary 24,  1873,  he  was  admitted  to  the  prac- 
tice of  law  in  the  several  courts  of  York 
county.  Since  that  time  he  has  been  en- 
gaged in  successful  practice.  Mr.  Strine 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  Pennsylvania  in  1886 
and  represented  his  county  with  ability.  He 
has  been  prominent  in  politics  for  a  period 
of  30  years,  being  a  Democrat.  He  has 
taken  great  interest  in  military  affairs.  He 
left  York  for  Gettysburg  on  July  i,  1863, 
marched  with  the  Fifth  Corps,  Union  Army 
and  Pennsylvania  Reserve  Corps,  from 
Hanover  to  Gettysburg  during  the  night 
of  the  first  of  July,  arriving  on  the  Gettys- 
burg battlefield  on  the  morning  of  the  2nd 
of  July.  He  was  present  with  the  troops  and 
saw  the  second  day's  battle  between  the 
Union  and  Confederate  forces.  On  the 
morning  of  the  third  of  July  he  was  taken 
prisoner  by  the  Federal  forces  as  a  Con- 
federate spy,  but  after  a  hearing  by  the 
military  authorities  of  evidence  offered 
and  proof  of  identification,  was  released. 
These  stirring  war  scenes,  and  actual  ser- 
vice in  battle  on  the  2nd  day  of  July,  1863, 
thereafter  shaped  Capt.  Strine's  love  for 
military  service.  The  following  is  a  brief 
account  of  service  rendered  his  native 
State,  and  in  which  he  showed  great  abil- 
ity as  an  officer  and  tactician.    On  July  12, 


486 


Biographical  antj  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


1866,  he  was  commissioned  2nd  Lieutenant 
of  the  Ziegle  Guards,  of  York;  May  12, 
1868,  1st  Lieutenant  of  the  Worth  Infantry, 
of  York;  July  12,  1869,  Captain  of  the 
Worth  Infantry ;  Captain  of  the  York  Con- 
tinental Rifles,  late  Co.  C,  8th  Regiment, 
N.  G.  P.,  loth  day  of  Oct.,  1870;  organized 
the  York  Grays  on  the  4th  day  of  July, 
1875;  commissioned  Captain  of  the  York 
Grays,  Co.  A,  8th  Regiment,  N.  G.  P.; 
was  re-commissioned  a  number  of  times 
and  served  until  July  12,  1893,  when  he  re- 
signed and  his  name  was  placed  on  the  roll 
of  honor  by  order  of  Gov.  Robt.  E.  Patti- 
son.  He  was  present  with  his  company 
and  assisted  in  suppressing  the  Homestead 
riot. 

Mr.  Strine  was  married  in  1865  to  Ada- 
line  Elizabeth  Dehoff,  a  daughter  of  Amos 
M.  DehofT  and  Emaline  (Stambaugh)  De- 
hoflf.  Mrs.  Strine  was  born  in  West  Man- 
heim  township,  York  county,  on  January 
4,  1846.  The  great-grandfather  of  Mrs. 
Strine  was  George  Philip  DehofT,  who  was 
a  Frenchman  and  settled  in  America  dur- 
in  the  i8th  century.  The  latter  served  in 
the  Revolutionary  Army  under  the  com- 
mand of  Gen.  Washington,  participating  in 
a  number  of  battles,  among  them  being 
Brandywine  and  Trenton;  and  also  was  at 
Valley  Forge  during  the  winter  of  1777-78. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Strine  have  two  children, 
Emma  A.  Strine  and  Ulysses  S.  Grant 
Strine.  The  former  intermarried  with  Rev. 
Wm.  H.  Ehrhart,  pastor  of  the  Lutheran 
church  at  Silver  Run,  Carroll  county,  Md. 
Rev.  Ehrhart  is  a  York  countian  by  birth 
and  a  graduate  of  Pennsylvania  College  at 
Gettysburg  of  the  class  of  1893,  as  well  as  a 
graduate  of  the  Theological  Lutheran  Sem- 
inary of  the  class  of  1896,  at  Gettysburg. 
Mrs.  Ehrhart  is  a  highly  accomplished  and 
educated  woman  and  one  of  the  leading 
spirits  of  her  husband's  congregation.  Ulys- 
ses S.  Grant  Strine  is  married  to  Amanda 


Waring,  daughter  of  George  W.  and  Maria 
Grim  Waring.  He  was  a  student  at  the 
York  County  Academy  and  graduated  from 
the  York  Collegiate  Institute,  class  of  '87. 
He  was  ist  Sergeant  of  Co.  A,  8th  Regi- 
ment, N.  G.  P.,  for  a  number  of  years,  hav- 
ing been  connected  with  said  company 
from  May  1884  to  1894.  Was  present  with 
his  company  at  the  Homestead  riot  of  1892. 
He  is  now  engaged  in  mercantile  business. 
The  father  of  Mrs.  U.  S.  G.  Strine  was 
born  in  Franklinville,  Cattaraugus  county, 
N.  Y.,  and  her  mother  in  Dallastown,  York 
county,  Pa.  Two  children  have  been  born 
to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  U.  S.  G.  Strine,  Janet 
Waring  Strine  and  Frances  Lois  Strine. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  Z.  Strine  are  members 
of  Trinity  Reformed  church,  of  York,  Pa., 
J.  O.  Miller,  D.  D.,  pastor. 

REV.  JOSEPH  DAVIS  SMITH,  the 
venerable  and  retired  pastor  of  Slate 
Ridge  Presbyterian  church,  who  is  a  resi- 
dent of  Delta,  York  county.  Pa.,  is  a  son 
of  David  and  Jane  (Davis)  Smith  and  was 
born  in  the  county  of  Londonderry,  Parish 
Bally  Kelly,  Ireland,  May  30,  1828.  In 
1847,  when  he  was  nineteen  years  of  age, 
the  family  consisting  of  the  mother,  father 
and  four  children,  emigrated  to  America 
and  located  in  Philadelphia  in  July  of  that 
year.  Besides  our  subject,  the  children  who 
came  over  with  the  family  were  William, 
David  and  Martha.  After  remaining  in 
Philadelphia  for  some  years  our  subject 
drifted  away  from  his  family  and  began 
seeking  his  fortune  for  himself.  He  had 
acquired  a  good  education  in  Ireland  in 
English  and  mathematics.  He  also  had 
a  knowledge  of  the  art  of  printing  which  he 
had  acquired  during  his  residence  in  Phila- 
delphia and  its  neighborhood,  but  instead 
of  following  this  calling  he  began  prepar- 
ing himself  for  professional  life  and  entered 
upon  a  course  of  training  in  Centre  College, 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


487 


Danville,  Kentucky,  where  he  finished  his 
Freshman  year  and  then  went  to  Cannons- 
burg,  Pa.,  where  he  spent  three  years  in 
Jefferson  College,  now  merged  into  Wash- 
ington and  Jefferson  College,  graduating 
in  1856.  After  receiving  his  diploma  he 
entered  Princeton  Tlieological  Seminary 
and  for  three  years  was  engaged  in  pre- 
paring for  the  PresTjyterian  ministry.  In 
1859  he  graduated  from  this  institution  and 
preached^  temporarily  for  a  year  without 
any  charge.  In  i860  he  was  ordained  and 
installed  as  pastor  of  the  Slate  Ridge  Pres- 
byterian church,  where  he  officiated  for 
thirty  years,  greatly  to  the  satisfaction  and 
well-being  of  the  community.  During  this 
active  ministry  he  prepared  and  preached 
a  number  of  special  discourses  which  were 
much  commented  upon  and  two  of  which 
were  published — an  historical  discourse  on 
his  church  and  another  on  the  duties  of 
ruling  elders.  The  prevailing  characteris- 
tics of  Rev.  Smith's  disposition  are  kindli- 
ness, benevolence  and  a  deep  devotion  to 
the  interests  of  his  church  and  his  com- 
munity. Pie  has  generously  indulged  these, 
as  many  young  men  whom  he  has  assisted 
to  gain  an  education  can  testify.  Some  of  the 
beneficiaries  of  his  kindliness,  have  through 
his  influence  and  assistance  been  led  to  dis- 
tinguish themselves  in  the  callings  which 
they  elected  to  follow.  Privately  Mr.  Smith 
has  taught  and  made  a  specialty  of  Greek 
and  other  languages.  Pie  is  now  living  a 
quiet  retired  life  among  those  people  to 
whom  his  years  of  faithful  and  arduous  la- 
bor for  their  spiritual  and  moral  welfare 
have  endeared  him. 

BF.  HUBLEY,  M.  D.,  one  of  the 
•  young  and  active  physicians  of 
York,  is  the  eldest  son  of  Henry  and  Sarah 
(Spangler)  Hubley,  and  was  born  in  Jack- 
son township,  York  county,  Pennsylvania, 
March    18,    1869.     The   settlement   of  the 


Hubley  family  in  the  province  of  Pennsyl- 
vania dates  back  some  time  prior  to  the 
Revolutionary  war.  In  1732  George  or 
Joseph  Hubley  landed  in  Philadelphia  and 
five  years  later  he  was  followed  by  Jacob 
Hubley,  a  supposed  brother,  who  was  ac- 
companied by  Catrina  and  Eve  Hubley. 
The  records  from  which  these  names  have 
been  obtained  throw  no  light  upon  their 
relationship  but  it  is  conjectured  that  the 
one  was  the  wife  and  the  other  the  daughter 
of  the  immigrant;  and  it  is  supposed  that 
this  ancestor  was  thefounderoftheYorkand 
Lancaster  county  branches  of  the  Hubley 
family.  According  to  book  F.,  page  119, 
Guardian  accounts  at  York,  Jacob  Hubly 
was  an  orphan  son  of  Jacob  Hubley,  aged 
fourteen  years,  and  Jacob  Funk  was  ap- 
pointed his  guardian  in  1787.  Another 
theory  which  in  the  absence  of  definite  rec- 
ords, has  been  built  up  concerning  the  an- 
cestry of  the  York  county  Hubleys,  is  that 
they  are  a  branch  of  the  Lancaster  county 
family  and  that  the  latter  is  descended  from 
John  Hubley  who  landed  in  Philadelphia 
in  1743  and  later  pushed  westward  into 
Lancaster  county,  where  he  died  in  1769. 
This  theory  derives  weight  and  probability 
from  the  fact  that  the  Hubleys  on  this  side 
of  the  Susquehanna  trace  their  lineage  back 
to  John  Hubley,  Jr.,  whose  father  came 
from  Lancaster  coimty  and  located  in  York 
county  and  who  is  regarded  as  a  descend- 
ant of  the  John  Hubley  of  1743.  John 
Hubley,  Jr.,  followed  farming,  married  and 
became  the  father  of  Henry  Hubley,  who 
in  turn  became  the  father  of  Dr.  Hubley. 
Henry  Hubley  followed  the  profession  of 
teaching  for  thirty-four  years.  He  married 
Sarah,  a  daughter  of  John  Spangler,  of 
Alpine,  York  county,  and  became  the 
father  of  five  sons  and  three  daughters. 

Dr.  B.  F.  Hubley  grew  to  manhood  in 
his  native  county  and  received  his  literary 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  lo- 


Biographical  antj  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


cality  and  the  York  County  Academy. 
Leaving  the  Academy  at  nineteen  years  of 
age,  he  made  the  choice  of  medicine  as  his 
life  profession.  He  read  under  the  pre- 
ceptorship  of  Dr.  John  Wiest,  of  York,  and 
was  graduated  with  honors  from  the  Medi- 
co-Chirurgical  College,  of  Philadelphia,  in 
the  class  of  1891,  and  immediately  com- 
menced the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
York,  where  he  has  since  remained.  In 
addition  to  a  large  general  practice.  Dr. 
Hubley  is  an  eye  specialist  of  note  and 
subsequent  to  his  graduation,  pursued  a  spe- 
cial course  in  preparation  for  that  branch 
of  medical  science.  He  is  a  close  student 
of  all  advances  in  professional  literature 
and  keeps  well  in  the  front  rank  of  his 
profession,  both  in  point  of  experience  and 
theory.  He  is  a  member  of  the  York 
County  and  the  Pennsylvania  State  Medi- 
cal societies  and  the  American  Medical  As- 
sociation. During  the  last  of  his  three 
years'  attendance  at  the  Medico-Chirurgi- 
cal  College,  1890-91,  he  was  appointed  and 
served  as  demonstrator  in  the  Philadelphia 
School  of  Anatomy.  Dr.  Hubley  is  an  ar- 
dent Republican  in  political  opinion  and 
in  the  summer  of  1896,  was  made  the  can- 
didate of  his  party  for  coroner  of  York 
county.  In  the  face  of  a  stubborn  majority, 
however,  he  and  his  ticket  were  defeated 
by  a  very  slender  margin.  The  doctor  is 
chairman  of  the  Republican  City  Commit- 
tee of  York  and  for  a  number  of  years 
prior  to  his  election  to  this  position  mani- 
fested an  intelligent  and  zealous  interest  in 
all  political  and  municipal  issues. 

April  7,  1897,  he  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Tilly  A.,  daughter  of  Abraham  White- 
head, of  Norristown,  Pennsylvania. 

AD.  THOMPSON,  alderman  from 
•  the  9th  ward  of  the  city  of  York,  is 
the  son  of  Archibald  and  Rosanna  (Mor- 
rison) Thompson,  and  was  born  in  Hope- 


well township,  York  county,  Pennsylvania, 
April  30,  1842.  Archibald  Thompson,  the 
progenitor  of  the  York  county  branch  of 
the  Thompson  family,  was  a  Scotch  Co- 
venanter, who  came  about  1730  to  Chance- 
ford  township,  where  he  was  one'of  the  early 
settlers.  He  was  a  native  of  the  North 
of  Ireland,  and  wedded  Margaret  Wallace, 
daughter  of  Alexander  Wallace,  who  also 
came  to  York  county,  in  1730.  They  had 
four  children:  Alexander,Mrs.  Agnes  Col- 
lins, James  and  Joseph.  Alexander  Thomp- 
son was  a  man  of  good  education,  and  a 
cooper  by  trade,  who  lent  his  abilities  on 
many  occasions  to  the  public  of  Chanceford 
and  adjoining  townships,  and  resided  dur- 
ing the  greater  portion  of  his  life  in  Hope- 
well township.  He  was  a  man  of  good 
business  habits  and  highly  respected  in  his 
neighborhood.  He  was  a  Presbyterian  in 
religious  faith,  and  so  zealous  was  he  in  the 
interests  of  that  denomination  that  he 
hewed  all  the  logs  necessary  for  the  erec- 
tion of  the  first  church  of  his  denomination 
(near  Cross  Roads)  in  Hopewell  township. 
He  served  in  the  Revolutionary  war  when 
but  a  mere  lad,  and  in  the  war  of  1812,  in 
which  latter  he  was  wounded  at  the  de- 
fense of  Baltimore.  His  marriage  with 
Elizabeth  Duncan  resulted  in  the  birth  of 
one  surviving  child,  Archibald  Thompson, 
the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  The 
latter  was  a  man  of  character  and  influence, 
like  his  father,  and  served  for  a  period  of 
15  years  as  justice  of  the  peace  in  his  town- 
ship, besides  holding  a  number  of  other 
offices  at  various  times.  He  too  was  a 
Presbyterian  in  faith  and  a  warm  advo- 
cate of  the  public  school  system,  which  at 
that  time  was  brought  prominently  before 
the  public  in  Pennsylvania.  The  date  of 
his  death  was  1891,  at  the  age  of  87  years, 
having  been  born  1804. 

He  married  Hanna  Meads,  who  was  a 
daughter  of    Benjamin  ]\Ieads,  and    died. 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


leaving  no  children.  Mr.  Thompson  after- 
ward married  Rosanna  Morrison,  a  daugh- 
ter of  John  Morrison.  By  his  second  mar- 
riage he  had  ten  children,  eight  sons  and 
two  daughters. 

A.  Duncan  Thompson  was  the  oldest 
child  of  his  father's  family  and  received  a 
good  education  in  the  common  schools 
and  Stewartstown  Academy,  in  which  latter 
institution  he  subsequently  taught  for  two 
years.  At  the  end  of  that  time  he  aband- 
oned teaching  for  farming,  which  he  fol- 
lowed until  1881,  when  he  was  elected 
clerk  to  the  county  commissioners.  In 
1883  he  was  re-elected,  and  shortly  thereaf- 
ter was  appointed  to  index  all  the  mort- 
gages and  judgments  of  York  county,  from 
the  year  1880  to  1885.  In  the  last  named 
year  he  was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  for 
th  9th  ward,  city  of  York,  and  at  the  close 
of  his  term  was  elected  alderman,  which 
latter  office  he  has  ever  since  held,  being 
re-elected  in  1896. 

Alderman  Thompson  has  always  been  a 
strong  Democrat,  and  has  been  in  active 
support  of  the  municipal,  county,  State  and 
National  policy  of  his  party.  His  record 
as  a  public  official  is  one  of  integrity,  faith- 
fulness and  efficiency.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  First  Presbyterian  church,  in  which  his 
wife  also  holds  membership,  and  is  also 
connected  with  the  Improved  Order  of 
Heptasophs,  in  which  he  has  passed  all  the 
chairs. 

In  1866  Mr.  Thompson  married  Annie 
E.  Trout,  a  daughter  of  Samuel  and  Cath- 
arine (Douglass)  Trout,  of  Hopewell  town- 
ship. To  their  union  have  been  born  four 
children:  Mary  Alzetta,  now  married  to 
Peter  Rebman;  Margaret  Alice,  a  graduate 
of  the  York  High  school;  James  Samuel, 
who  lost  his  life  by  accident  on  July  14, 
1894,  and  Earl,  a  lad  of  ten  years,  now  at- 
tending school. 


PROFESSOR  E.  E.  TAYLOR,  Littles- 
town,  Pa.,  son  of  Peter  and  Elizabeth 
Taylor,  was  born  December  31,  1856,  near 
Bendersville,  Adams  county,  Pennsylvania. 
He  is  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry.  His  pater- 
nal great-grandfather,  Robert  Taylor,  was 
born  in  Ireland  and  was  the  only  son  when 
his  parents  came  across  the  ocean,  but  he 
had  three  brothers,  who  were  born  after 
they  came  to  America;  their  names  being 
Joseph,  George  and  Douglas. 

Robert  married  Ruth  Hunter  and  they 
had  five  sons:  first,  Joseph,  the  paternal 
grandfather  of  our  subject,  who  married 
Barbara  Arendt,  and  whose  children  were 
Jacob,  Levi,  Leonard,  Peter,  Joshua,  Cath- 
arine and  Leah;  second,  James,  with  only 
one  son,  James,  of  Bowlder,  Pa.;  third. 
John,  whose  sons  are  Shannan,  John  and 
David;  fourth,  Robert,  whose  sons  were 
Isaiah  and  Elijah;  fifth,  Shannan,  with  only 
one  son,  Coe. 

Joseph  had  five  sons  also:  William  D., 
whose  children  were  Samuel,  Lewis,  Alex- 
ander and  Joseph.  John,  whose  sons  were 
Brown  and  Howard.  Alexander,  whose 
sons  were  Solomon  and  Reuben.  Thomas, 
who  had  three  boys,  John,  Allen  and 
Meade.  James,  the  only  one  living,  whose 
two  sons  are  Walter  and  Hanson.  Dou- 
glas had  no  sons,  but  a  daughter,  who  mar- 
ried her  cousin  James.  George  had  five 
sons,  who  settled  along  the  Juniata  river, 
their  names  were:  Samson,  Columbus, 
Samuel,  Solomon  and  George,  now  of  Mil- 
lerstown.  Pa. 

Peter,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was  born 
in  Butler  township,  near  Biglerville,  and 
having  received  a  common  school  educa- 
tion, followed  farming,  except  for  a  few 
years,  when  he  operated  a  grist  mill.  He 
is  now  retired  and  lives  in  Arendtsville, 
Adams  county.  Pa.  He,  like  his  father,  is 
a  Republican  in  politics,  has  served  as 
school  director,  and  has  been  a  member  of 


490 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


the  council  of  the  Lutheran  church  for 
many  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Knights  of  Pythias.  He  married  EHzabeth 
Knouss,with  whom  he  had  eleven  children: 
Ezra,  William,  Ira,  Joseph,  Lena,  John, 
Isaiah,  Kate,  Harry,  Irvin  and  George.  The 
mother  died  February  15,  1895. 

The  subject  of  our  sketch  received  his 
rudimentary  education  in  the  common 
schools,  then  attended  select  schools  at 
Arendtsville,  Bendersville,  and  East  Berlin, 
and  finally  at  the  State  Normal  school  at 
Shippensburg.  He  subsequently  began 
teaching,  which  profession  he  has  followed 
for  twenty-three  years.  He  taught  in  the 
rural  districts  for  seven  years,  one  term  in 
the  State  of  Iowa,  one  year  at  the  Loys- 
ville  Orphans'  Home,  then  served  as  prin- 
cipal of  the  borough  schools  of  Arendts- 
ville six  years,  of  East  Berlin  four  years, 
and  has  been  elected  for  the  fifth  time  prin- 
cipal of  the  Littlestown  schools.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Lutheran  church,  superin- 
tendent of  the  Sunday  school,  a  deacon 
in  the  church  council,  and  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  Y.  P.  S.  C.  E.  He  was  a  candi- 
date for  the  office  of  superintendent  of  com- 
mon schools  of  Adams  county  at  the  last 
election  in  1896.  He  is  at  this  time  presi- 
dent of  Washington  Camp,  No.  386,  Pa- 
triotic Order  Sons  of  America  at  Littles- 
town. 

On  the  ninth  of  June,  1877,  he  married 
Mary  Ellen  Postlethwait,  of  Newport,  Pa., 
and  has  two  children,  David  Bayard  and 
Grace  Elizabeth. 

SAMUEL  LAMB  DIVEN,  M.  D.,  a 
prominent  and  leading  physician  of 
Carlisle,  is  a  son  of  Samuel  Nelson  and 
Sarah  Ann  (Clark)  Diven,  and  was  born  at 
Mount  Holly  Springs,  Cumberland  county, 
Pennsylvania,  November  6.  1855.  The 
Divens  are  of  Scotch-Irish  origin  and  Wil- 
liam Diven,  the  great-grandfather  of  Dr. 


Diven,  with  his  two  brothers,  came  to  the 
vicinity  of  Carlisle  prior  to  1775.  He  was 
a  stone  mason  and  built  and  lived  in  a 
stone  building  located  on  the  Cumberland 
county  shore  just  near  where  the  Cumber- 
land Valley  railroad  bridge  now  stands. 
From  this  point  he  operated  the  first  ferry 
across  the  Susquehanna  river.  He  also 
helped  to  do  the  mason  work  of  the  First 
Presbyterian  church  of  Carlisle,  Pa.  Wil- 
liam Diven  served  as  a  soldier  in  the  Rev 
olutionary  war,  and  his  son,  Hon.  William 
Diven,  who  died  near  Pittsburg  in  1868, 
aged  seventy  years,lived  in  York  county, 
Pa.,  and  was  a  farmer  and  school  teacher. 
He  served  in  the  Pennsylvania  legislature 
and  married  Mary  Nelson,  by  whom  he 
had  three  children:  Samuel  Nelson,  Mary, 
married  to  John  Mateer;  and  Jane,  who 
wedded  Robert  McCune. 

Samuel  Nelson  Diven,  was  born  Decem- 
ber 13th,  1813,  in  York  county,  and  died 
in  Harrisburg,  March  25,  1886.  He  fol- 
lowed his  trade  of  tanner  for  some  time 
at  Churchtown,  then  went  to  Mount  Holly 
Springs,  Pa.,  where  he  engaged  in  mer- 
chandizing and  introduced  the  first  steam 
saw  mill  used  in  that  section.  He  finally 
in  1868,  removed  to  Harrisburg,  in  which 
city  he  became  a  leading  brick  manufac- 
turer and  builder.  He  started  a  poor  boy 
and  died  a  man  of  means,  all  of  which  he 
had  acquired  honestly,  and  honorably.  He 
was  a  strict  Presbyterian,  a  hard-worker, 
and  a  staunch  Republican.  He  married 
Sarah  Ann  Clark,  who  was  a  daughter  of 
William  Clark,  of  Cumberland  county,  and 
passed  away  in  1847  at  the  age  of  76  years. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Diven  had  eight  children: 
William  C,  who  was  a  shoe  merchant; 
Sarah  Rebecca,  married  Robert  C.  Lam- 
berton,  and  is  now  deceased;  Robert  Nel- 
son, deceased;  Hannah  Jane,  who  is  de- 
ceased; James  Ritchey,  of  Harrisburg,  Pa.; 
De  Witt  Quay,  now  in  the  grocery  busi- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


491 


Hess  in  Topeka,   Kansas;   Dr.   Samuel   L. 
and  Florence  Emma  of  Carlisle. 

Dr.  Samuel  L.  Diven  attended  the  Boys' 
High  School  of  Harrisburg,  and  afterward 
entered  Dickinson  College,  Carlisle,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  the  class  of 
1878.  He  then  taught  school  for  two 
years  in  Minnesota  and  Nebraska,  and  in 
1880  returned  to  Carlisle  where  he  read 
medicine  with  Dr.  S.  B.  KiefTer.  After 
completing  his  course  of  reading  with  Dr. 
Kieffer  he  entered  the  medical  department 
of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  1884.  Immed- 
iately after  graduation  he  returned  to  Car- 
lisle and  formed  a  partnership  with  his 
preceptor  which  lasted  three  years.  He 
then  in  1888  commenced  practicing  by 
himself,  and  now  has  a  large  and  con- 
stantly increasing  practice.  Dr.  Diven  has 
been  a  member  of  the  board  of  health  of 
Carlisle  for  the  last  eight  years.  He  is  a 
hard  worker,  has  made  a  successful  spec- 
ialty of  gynecology,  and  has  done  much  to 
bring  about  a  radical  and  sensible  change 
in  the  treatment  of  some  diseases.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  American  Academy  of  Med- 
icine. Dr.  Diven  is  a  member  of  True 
Friends  Lodge,  No.  56,  Knights  of  Py- 
thias, Lodge  No.  197,  Free  and  Accepted 
Masons.  He  is  a  Republican.  Dr.  Diven  is 
unmarried,  and  has  been  a  member  for  sev- 
eral years  of  the  Second  Presbyterian 
church  of  Carlisle.  He  is  recognized  as  a 
physician  of  ability  and  skill  and  stands 
high  in  his  profession. 

SAMUEL  M.  BUSHMAN,  cashier  of 
the  Farmers  and  Mechanics  Savings 
Institution  at  Gettysburg,  is  the  son  of 
Emanuel  and  Katharine  (Hoffman)  Bush- 
man. On  both  sides  he  comes  of  old  and 
respectable  families.  His  maternal  grand- 
father was  one  of  the  first  Masons  in  the 
eity  of   Baltimore.     On  the   father's   side. 


his  grandfather,  Henry  Bushman,  was 
born  in  Adams  county,  Pa.  He  was  a 
farmer  and  carpenter  all  his  life,  an  old  line 
Whig  in  politics  and  though  born  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Lutheran  church,  later  in  life, 
through  marriage,  affiliated  with  the  Dun- 
kard  faith.  His  wife  bore  him  thirteen 
children.  All  are  deceased  but  Michael, 
the  oldest,  now  a  Dunkard  minister  in 
Adams  county;  Emanuel,  our  subject's 
father,  now  "]"]  years  of  age;  Mary;  and 
David. 

Emanuel,  the  father  of  our  subject,  was 
born  near  Round  Top,  outside  of  Gettys- 
burg. With  an  education  gained  by  at- 
tendance for  two  and  three  months  a  year 
at  the  rural  schools,  he  began  life  as  a  cabi- 
net maker,  carpenter  and  house  painter. 
Politically  he  was  a  Whig  and  his  opinion 
on  the  great  question  of  slavery  were 
most  pronounced  as  well  as  in  advance  of 
the  thought  of  the  day.  It  is  a  matter  of 
some  pride  to  his  descendants  that  of  the 
three  original  Abolitionists,  and  for  a  long 
time  the  only  apostles  of  that  doctrine  in 
Adams  county,  he  was  one.  Through  his 
marriage  to  Katharine  Hoffman,  he  be- 
came affiliated  with  the  Catholic  church. 
He  was  the  father  of  eight  children:  John, 
Samuel  M.,  E.  Morris,  Sarah,  William, 
Joseph,  Kate  and  Mary.  Mrs.  Bushman 
is  also  living  at  the  present  time. 

Our  subject  attended  the  Gettysburg 
schools  and  very  early  began  life  for  him- 
self by  driving  cattle  to  Baltimore.  At 
the  time  of  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  when 
there  were  so  many  wounded  to  be  taken 
care  of,  young  Bushman  was  pressed  into 
service  in  the  hospital  corps.  In  Novem- 
ber following  the  battle  he  entered  the 
Farmers  and  Mechanics  Saving  Institution 
as  a  clerk  where  during  twenty  years  ser- 
vice he  filled  that  position  and  served  tem- 
porarily as  cashier — a  position  he  accepted 
permanently  in  1883  and  still  holds.       In 


492 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


the  thirty-four  years  of  service  in  the  bank, 
Mr.  Bushman  has  earned  a  rare  reputation 
for  integrity,  financial  ability  and  high  gen- 
era! merit  of  character.  He  lives  on  a  fine, 
well-stocked  farm  on  the  edge  of  the  town, 
on  which  is  located  the  famous  Spangler 
spring,  and  with  him  rounding  out  their 
useful  and  venerable  existences  live  his  par- 
ents. Mr.  Bushman's  career  is  essentially 
self-made.  He  started  in  life  without  for- 
tune or  that  wide  acquaintance  with  men 
which  surrounds  one  with  the  encouraging 
influences  of  friendship.  From  an  humble 
beginning  he  has  steadily  made  his  way 
upward  not  only  in  station,  but  in  the  es- 
teem of  the  people  who  through  fellow  cit- 
izenship or  business  relations  have  come  in 
contact  with  him;  and  today  he  is  honored 
by  a  remarkable  constituency  of  friends 
throughout  the  county.  In  politics  Mr. 
Bushman  acknowledges  faith  in  the  Re- 
publican doctrines,  but  he  is  not  given  to 
active  party  service. 

WILLIAM  P.  QUINBY,  ESQ.,  the 
subject  of  this  biographical  mono- 
graph, is  a  well  known  and  popular  citizen 
of  Gettysburg,  the  son  of  E.  T.  and  Nancy 
Alda  Quinby.  He  was  born  at  New  Ips- 
wich, Hillsborough  county,  New  Hamp- 
shire, April  8,  1859.  His  father  was  Pro- 
fessor E.  T.  Quinby,  son  of  Nicholas  and 
Sarah  Quinby  of  Hopkinton,  N.  H.  He 
was  the  son  of  a  farmer  and  village  mer- 
chant. He  taught  school  several  months 
before  the  age  of  21  years.  Then  he  en- 
tered Dartmouth  College  from  which  he 
graduated  with  honor  in  the  class  of  '51. 
He  went  at  once  to  Ipswich,  New  Hamp- 
shire, as  principal  of  Appleton  Academy, 
where  he  remained  until  the  fall  of  1864. 
Under  his  administration  that  educational 
institution  arose  from  a  mere  village  school 
to  such  a  high  grade  that  it  was  ranked  in 
New   Hampshire  by   Philips-Exeter  acad- 


emy alone.  He  was  then  appointed  pro- 
fessor of  mathematics  in  Dartmouth  col- 
lege, where  he  remained  14  years.  In 
1861  he  was  appointed  acting  assistant  in 
the  LTnited  States  Coast  Survey  and  en- 
gaged in  that  work  each  successive  sum- 
mer until  1885.  In  1886  he  was  engaged 
in  the  survey  of  a  disputed  boundary  be- 
tween New  Hampshire  and  Massachusetts 
and  while  upon  the  computation  of  this 
work,  was  stricken  with  apoplexy.  While 
a  professor,  Mr.  Quinby  gained  eminence 
as  an  educationalist  and  most  successful 
instructor.  His  mind  was  strictly  logical 
and  his  character  like  that  of  the  chevalier 
was  sans  pur  et  sans  reproche.  His  chil- 
dren were  Charles  E.,  and  William  P.,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  The  latter  received 
his  primary  education  in  a  private  school 
and  prepared  for  college  under  the  instruc- 
tion of  private  tutors.  He  entered  college 
and  was  graduated  from  there  in  1882.  He 
then  taught  school  in  Wilmington,  Del., 
for  a  year  and  afterward  went  to  New 
York  city  and  read  law  until  1886,  when  he 
came  to  Gettysburg  and  continued  his 
reading  with  Judge  Wills.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1887  and  has  practiced 
his  profession  here  ever  since.  He  has 
built  up  a  large  and  lucrative  practice 
which  is  steadily  increasing.  Mr.  Quinby 
is  a  pronounced  Republican  and  active  and 
influential  in  the  councils  of  his  party.  He 
is  prominent  in  social  circles  and  is  a  lead- 
ing member  of  the  college  society  of  this 
city.  He  was  married  to  Miss  Jennie  W. 
Wills,  the  accomplished  daughter  of  Judge 
David  Wills,  in  1889.  Their  children  are 
Jennie,  aged  six,  and  Alda,  aged  three 
years.  While  his  father  was  engaged 
in  the  United  States  coast  survey,  as  above 
mentioned,  he  was  assisted  by  his  son  Wil- 
liam from  the  time  he  was  old  enough  to 
be  asssociated  in  the  work,  and  during  the 


NlNTLTEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DiSTKU 


493 


latter  part  of  his  service  he  had  charge  of 
the  field  work. 

DR.  COLUMBUS  WORTH  KRISE, 
a  congenial  gentleman  who  stands 
at  the  head  of  his  profession,  is  a  native  of 
Adams  county,  having  been  born  at  Get- 
t3'sburg  December  8,  1848,  the  son  of 
Abraham  and  Jane  (Toot)  Krise.  The 
family  is  of  German  origin,  the  grand- 
father of  the  doctor  having  come  to  Amer- 
ica a  young  married  man.  Abraham  Krise, 
the  doctor's  father,  was  born  near  Em- 
mittsburg,  Carroll  county,  Md.,  March  4, 
1798,  and  died  at  Gettysburg,  October  4, 
1880.  When  he  married  he  moved  to  a 
farm  five  miles  southwest  of  Gettysburg 
and  remained  there  until  14  years  before 
his  death,  when  he  became  a  resident  of 
Gettysburg.  He  was  one  of  the  most  sub- 
stantial farmers  of  that  locality  and  a 
Democrat  in  politics,  taking  a  sufficiently 
active  part  in  public  affairs  to  be  elected 
county  commissioner  for  three  years.  He 
was  a  consistent  and  active  member  of  the 
Reformed  church  and  for  about  15  years 
an  elder.  His  wife,  the  mother  of  our 
subject,  was  Miss  Jane  Toot,  daughter  of 
Jacob  Toot,  a  farmer  near  Gettysburg,  and 
also  of  German  origin.  To  this  union 
were  born  five  daughters  and  four  sons:  Mary 
J.,  wife  of  Geo.  B.Monfort.of  Los  Angeles, 
California:  Elizabeth,  deceased,  married  H. 
G.  Carr;  Sarah  Jane,  deceased,  married 
Robert  M.  Dicks;  Calvin  P.,  broker  at 
Gettysburg;  Eliza,  deceased.married  Wash- 
ington Gault;  H.  J.,  a  grocer  and  first  dis- 
trict revenue  collector  at  Frederick,  Md.; 
Etta  S.;  M.  F.,  cattle  dealer,  St.  Louis; 
Julia  M.;  and  the  doctor.  The  latter  was 
brought  up  on  his  father's  farm  until  14 
years  of  age  when  he  entered  an  academy 
at  Taneytown,  Md.,  where  he  remained  a 
year,  then  entered  the  preparatory  depart- 
ment of  Pennsylvania  College  at   Gettys- 

32 


burg,  and  the  next  year  became  a  member 
of  the  Freshman  class  of  Franklin  and 
Marshall  College  at  Lancaster.  At  the 
close  of  his  junior  year  in  that  institution 
he  entered  the  medical  department  of  the 
University  of  Maryland  Sept.  i,  1869, 
and  graduated  therefrom  March  i,  1871. 
In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  located  at  Car- 
lisle, where  he  has  continued  in  active  prac- 
tice up  to  this  time.  Besides,  through  his 
large  practice.  Dr.  Krise  is  prominently 
identified  in  other  ways  with  his  profession. 
He  is  a  member  and  ex-president  of  the 
Cumberland  County  Medical  Society;  a 
permanent  member  of  the  State  Society 
and  of  the  American  Medical  Association. 
Since  1894  he  has  held  membership  in  the 
International  Medical  Association.  He  is  a 
member  of  Carlisle  Lodge,  No.  91,  and  a 
Past  Grand;  a  member  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  the  Order;  a  member  and  Past 
Chancellor  of  True  Friend  Lodge,  Knights 
of  Pythias;  a  member  of  the  Reformed 
church  of  Carlisle  for  25  years,  and  a 
trustee  for  nine  years.  October  4,  1881, 
he  married  Aliss  Emma  F.  Beetem,  daugh- 
ter of  Jacob  Beetem,  deceased,  of  Carlisle, 
by  whom  he  has  two  children,  Helen  and 
Raymond.  The  doctor  is  an  active  Demo- 
crat and  has  done  yeomen  service  in  his 
party's  cause.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
standing  committee  for  three  years;  chair- 
man of  three  party  conventions,  and  at  the 
present  time  (1897)  is  rounding  out  his 
year  as  member  and  president  of  town 
council.  Breadth,  geniality  and  energy  of 
mind,  the  inherited  traits  of  a  worthy  an- 
cestry and  natural  tastes  have  been  the  in- 
spiring principles  which  have  led  the 
doctor  to  his  present  prominent  and  suc- 
cessful professional  and  civic  position. 

T  OHN  W.  STEACY,  a  prominent  iron 

I       man     of    Southeastern    Pennsylvania 

and  a  resident  of  York,  is  a  native  of 


494 


BlOGRAFHICAL  AND  PORTRAIT  CvCLOPEDIA. 


Lancaster  county,  having  been  born  at 
Strasburg,  June  9,  1833,  the  son  of  John 
and  EHzabeth  (Graham)  Steacy.  He  is  of 
Irish  ancestry,  both  his  father  and  grand- 
father before  him  having  been  natives  of 
County  Derry,  Ireland.  The  grandfather 
Hved  and  died  there,  but  the  father,  born 
in  1786,  came  to  America  when  about  19 
years  of  age  and  located  near  Strasburg, 
Lancaster  county,  where  he  died  in  1844. 
He  was  a  farmer  and  contractor  and  also 
engaged  in  freighting  between  Lancaster 
and  Philadelphia,  having  in  that  services  a 
number  of  teams.  For  eight  or  ten  years 
he  served  as  a  magistrate.  Politically  he 
was  of  the  old  Jackson  school  of  Demo- 
cracy and  took  an  active  part  in  politics. 
He  married  Elizabeth  Graham.  They  had 
but  two  children,  and  of  these  our  subject 
alone  survives.  Our  subject  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  and  at  Strasburg 
Academy,  but  he  left  his  studies  at  the  age 
of  13  and  went  to  work  on  the  farm  and 
from  that  into  a  foundry  at  Eden,  where  he 
acquired  the  trade.  Soon  after  serving  his 
apprenticeship  he  entered  a  country  store 
at  New  Providence,  Lancaster  county, 
where  he  continued  for  some  time  and  then 
went  to  Columbia.  For  five  years  he 
clerked  in  an  office  and  then  embarked  in 
mercantile  pursuits  for  himself  in  the  towns 
of  Columbia  and  Marietta.  After  12  years 
spent  in  this  business  he  engaged  in  the 
oil  business  as  a  part  owner  of  the  Colum- 
bia oil  works  and  as  buyer  and  seller  for 
the  firm,  which  was  known  as  Truscott  & 
Co.  They  went  out  of  business  in  1886. 
Mr.  Steacy  then  for  a  time  conducted  the 
flouring  mill  near  town,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Steacy  &  Co.  In  1878  Truscott 
&  Co.  purchased  the  York  Rolling  mill  and 
conducted  it  as  a  partnership  under  the 
name  of  Schall,  Steacy  &  Denny,  with  Mr. 
Steacy  in  the  position  of  manager.  But 
in   1888  the  failure  of  Mr.   Schall  necessi- 


tated a  change  and  a  joint  stock  company 
under  the  name  of  Steacy  &  Denny  Com- 
pany was  organized  and  now  operates  the 
plant,  which  has  an  employing  capacity  of 
250.  In  1886  the  firm  bought  the  Colum- 
bia rolling  mill  and  Mr.  Steacy  became 
treasurer  and  manager  of  that  interest.  Two 
years  previously,  in  1884,  the  firm  had  pur- 
chased the  Aurora  furnace  at  Wrightsville, 
and  in  1888  they  added  to  their  possession 
the  Vesta  furnace  at  Watts'  Station  on  the 
P.  R.  R.,  which  became  an  adjunct  to  their 
Columbia  mill.  Having  removed  to  York 
upon  assuming  the  management  of  the 
mill  here,  Mr.  Steacy  in  recent  years  has 
become  very  prominently  identified  with 
the  civic,  business  and  charitable  interests 
of  the  city.  He  is  at  present  a  director  in 
the  York  Trust  Co.,  and  of  the  Baltimore 
&  Harrisburg  (Eastern  Extension)  rail- 
road, commonly  known  as  the  Western 
Maryland,  of  which  it  is  a  division.  While 
a  resident  of  Columbia  Mr.  Steacy  served 
as  a  director  of  the  First  National  Bank. 
In  that  town  he  also  performed  his  first 
service  in  public  office,  being  for  various 
terms  a  member  of  the  school  board  and  of 
council.  Coming  to  York,  his  fellow  citi- 
zens in  his  adopted  home  soon  realized  his 
worth  and  fitness  for  positions  such  as 
these  and  he  was  elected  to  councils  here. 
He  served  in  the  first  select  branch  upon 
the  inauguration  of  the  city  government 
and  for  several  succeeding  terms.  Despite 
his  pronounced  Republicanism,  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  branch,  though  at 
that  time  it  was  controlled  by  the  Demo- 
crats. He  filled  this  position  with  strict 
impartiality  and  retired  wih  a  record  be- 
yond criticism.  Since  his  retirement  he  has 
twice  been  urged  to  accept  the  Republican 
nomination  for  mayor,  but  each  time  he  has 
declined, preferringto  give  his  full  attention 
to  his  business.  He  has,  however,  accepted 
such  positions  as  director  of  the  York  Hos- 


NliNETEENTH  CONGRESSIONAL  DISTRICT. 


495 


pital  and  of  the  Children's  Home.  Though 
not  generally  known,  Mr.  Steacy  has  a 
war  record,  having  served  in  Co.  E,  Fourth 
Regiment.  Organized  at  Columbia  in  1861, 
under  Gen.  Patterson  the  regiment  passed 
up  the  Cumberland  valley  to  Hagerstown 
and  Williamsport,  and  later  operated  in 
Virginia.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
service,  three  months  later,  he  was  mus- 
tered out  of  service  at  Harrisburg.  He 
married  Mary  Harmley,  of  Columbia,  by 
whom  he  had  two  sons:  Frank  H.,  de- 
ceased; Edwin  G.,  a  resident  of  York,  and 
superintendent  of  the  rolling  mill,  Mrs. 
Steacy  died,  and  Mr.  Steacy  subsequently 
married  Anna  Gyger,  of  Bryn  Mawr. 

Mr.  Steacy  is  a  most  pleasant  and  agree- 
able gentleman  to  meet.  He  is  quiet  in  his 
ways  and  his  home  shows  the  tastes  and 
refinement  of  his  life.  His  opinions  rarely 
find  public  expression,  but  they  are  always 
indexes  to  a  rare,  broad  and  sound  judg- 
ment, a  discerning  and  sympathetic  mind 
and  a  fine  moral  sense. 

LEWIS  D.  SELL,  a  prominent  justice 
of  the  peace  at  Hanover,  is  a  son  of 
Henry  and  Lucinda  (Hagy)  Sell,  and  was 
bom  in  York  county,  Pa.,  March  20,  1853. 
'Squire  Sell  is  a  great-grandson  of  Henry 
Sell,  who  came  from  Germany  and  settled 
between  Hanover  and  Littlestown,  about 
the  middle  of  the  last  century.  He  was  a 
farmer  by  occupation,  and  nothing  is 
known  of  his  children  except  one  son, 
Jacob,  Sr.,  who  was  born  on  the  home 
farm,  a  part  of  which  he  inherited  and  upon 
which  he  died  about  1856.  Jacob  Sell,  Sr., 
was  a  wheelwright  by  trade,  but  gave  con- 
siderable attention  to  farming.  He  was  a 
Democrat  and  a  member  of  the  Reformed 
church,  and  his  remains  rest  beside  those 
of  his  wife  in  Christ  churchyard  near  Lit- 
tlestown. He  married  Miss  Leister,  a  na- 
tive of  Maryland,  by  whom  he  had  seven 


children:  David,  Jacob,  Elizabeth,  married; 
Lydia  (Mrs.  Joseph  Zook),  Henry,  Abra- 
ham and  Daniel.  Henry  Sell,  the  third  son, 
was  born  on  the  homestead  farm  August 
8,  1826,  and  after  the  death  of  his  father  he 
purchased  his  present  farm  of  one  hundred 
and  thirty-seven  acres  in  Penn  township 
and  near  Hanover.  He  has  made  all  the 
improvements  on  this  farm  which  he  has 
cultivated  successfully  up  to  the  present  time. 
He  has  always  been  a  Democrat  and  has 
filled  the  office  of  school  director.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Reformed  church,  and  has 
been  twice  married,  first  to  Lucinda  Hagy, 
who  was  a  daughter  of  Georgy  Hagy,  of 
Conewago,  Adams  county,  and  died  in 
1 880,  and  afterwards  wedded  Lucinda  Kale. 
By  his  first  marriage  he  had  the  following 
children;  George  W.  and  Jacob  H.,  both 
of  Penn  township;  Lewis  D.,  Amos  J.,  re- 
siding on  the  old  homestead  farm;  Emma 
L.,  married  D.  M.  Frey,  and  now  de- 
ceased; and  John  A.,  a  school  teacher  of 
Conewago  township,  Adams  county. 

Lewis  D.  Sell  was  reared  on  the  home 
farm  in  Heidelberg,  now  Penn,  township, 
attended  the  schools  of  his  neighborhood 
and  at  16  years  of  age  commenced  teaching 
in  the  common  schools  of  the  county.  He 
followed  teaching  for  eleven  years  and  then 
in  1879  was  elected  as  a  justice  of  the 
peace  for  Heidelberg  township,  which  of- 
fice he  held  by  election  and  re-election  un- 
til December,  1887,  when  he  resigned  to 
accept  the  ofifice  of  Qerk  of  the  Courts  of 
York  county,  to  which  he  had  been  chosen 
at  the  preceding  election.  He  served  as 
Clerk  of  the  Courts  from  January  2,  1888, 
to  January  6,  1891,  then  removed  to  Han- 
over, where  he  shortly  built  his  present 
fine  residence  on  Frederick  street,  and  in 
1892  was  elcted  as  justice  of  the  peace  at 
Hanover,  which  ofifice  he  still  holds.  In 
connection  with  the  discharge  of  the  duties 
of  his  official  position,  he  is  engaged  in  the 


496 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


real  estate  and  insurance  business,  and 
represents  the  following  reliable  insurance 
companies:  The  Home,  of  New  York,  and 
the  Fire  Association  and  the  Spring  Gar- 
den, of  Philadelphia.  'Squire  Sell  has  al- 
ways taken  an  active  interest  in  the  various 
enterprises  of  Hanover,  and  is  a  stock- 
holder in  the  Hanover  Agricultural  Society 
and  Telephone  and  Cemetery  companies;  a 
stockholder  and  director  in  the  Hanover 
and  McSherrystown  railroad,  Hanover 
Heat,  Light  and  Power  and  the  Hanover 
Herald  Publishing  companies,  and  a  stock- 
holder and  treasurer  of  the  Hanover  Silver 
Cornet  band.  He  is  also  a  stockholder  in 
the  First  National  Bank  of  Hanover,  the 
Littlestown  and  Hanover  and  McSherrys- 
town Pike  companies,  and  the  McSherrys- 
town Water  and  the  York  Heat  and  Power 
companies.  He  is  an  active  worker 
in  several  fraternal  societies,  being 
a  member  of  Improved  Order  of 
Red  Men;  Knights  of  the  Golden 
Eagle;  Washington  Camp,  Patriotic  Order 
Sons  of  America;  Improved  Order  of  Hep- 
tasophs;  Patrons  of  Husbandry;  and  Eagle 
Encampment,  Independent  Order  of  Odd 
Fellows.  'Squire  Sell  is  a  leading  Demo- 
crat of  York  county,  prominent  in  his 
party's  councils,  serving  on  both  countv 
and  State  committees,  and  frequently  rep- 
resenting his  party  in  county  and  State 
conventions. 

On  May  24,  1874,  Mr.  Sell  married  Hen- 
rietta Allebaugh,  a  daughter  of  Absalom 
S.  and  Amanda  Allebaugh,  of  Conewago 
township,  Adams  county.  To  'Squire  and 
Mrs.  Sell  have  been  born  seven  children; 
Emma  L.,  Harry  S.  J.  T.,  Lewis  A.,  Temp- 
tha  A.,  J.  S.,  deceased;  Blanche  G.,  Etta  S., 
deceased,  and  Madeline  G. 

GEORGE  HEMMINGER,   M.   D.,  a 
successful     and    popular    physician 
and  surgeon  of  Carlisle,  is  the  youngest 


son  of  John  and  Eliza  A.  (Heagy)  Hem- 
minger,  and  was  born  two  miles  west  of 
Carlisle,  Cumberland  county,  Pennsyl- 
vania, September  8,  1840.  His  grandpar- 
ents, John,  Sr.,  and  Barbara  (Rhemm) 
Hemminger  were  residents  of  Lancaster 
county,  the  husband  being  a  native  of  Ger- 
many, and  the  wife  of  Pennsylvania.  They 
hadfour  children:  John, Jacob,  Samuel  and, 
Nancy,  wife  of  George  Stubbs.  The  eldest 
son,  John  Hemminger,  came  into  posses- 
sion of  the  home  farm,  which  is  about  two 
and  one-half  miles  west  of  Carlisle,  and  fol- 
lowed farming  until  his  death.  He  was  a 
modest,  vmassimiing  man  who  never  took 
much  interest  in  political  affairs  and  cared 
nothing  for  public  office  or  preferment.  He 
was  a  strict  and  conscientious  member  of 
the  Evangelical  Lutheran  church,  and 
married  Eliza  A.  Heagy.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hemminger  were  born  twelve  children: 
John,  deceased;  Jane  A.,  wife  of  Lafayette 
Pfeffer;  Samuel,  deceased;  Sarah  E. ;  Wil- 
liam, deceased;  Mary,  wife  of  William 
McCullough;  Joseph,  deceased;  Hettie, 
wife  of  Joseph  Beetem;  Jacob,  ex-county 
treasurer  of  Cumberland  county;  Dr. 
George,  and  Susan,  who  is  deceased. 

Dr.  George  Hemminger  was  reared  on 
the  farm,  attended  the  common  schools 
and  select  school  taught  by  Prof.  Frank 
Gilledon  and  then  in  1 861  entered  the 
Freshman  class  of  Pennsylvania  College, 
at  Gettysburg.  One  year  later,  after 
having  passed  the  examination  for  the 
Sophomore  class,  he  enlisted,  on  August 
1 6th,  in  Company  B,  138th  Pennsylvania 
volunteers  and  served  until  June  23,  1865, 
when  he  was  honorably  discharged.  His 
war  record  was  one  of  active  service.  His 
regiment  was  placed  in  the  2nd  brigade 
3rd  division  3rd  corps,  and  did  duty  at  the 
Relay  House  until  June  16,  1863.  He 
helped  in  escorting  stores  to  Washington 
from  June  i6th  to  July  ist,  was  at  Wapp- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


497 


ing  Heights  till  July  5th,  and  on  July  23 
went  to  Kelly's  Ford.  He  was  at 
Brandy  Station  November  7th,  Mine  Run 
November  8th,  Locust  Grove  November 
26th    to    December    2nd,    and    in    March, 

1864,  was  placed  in  the  Sixth  corps.  He 
was  in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness  May 
5th  and  7th,  at  Spottsylvania  12th  to  19th, 
Cold  Harbor  June  ist  to  3rd,  Bermuda 
Hundred  Trenches  June  17th,  destruction 
of  Weldon  railroad  June  22nd  and  23rd, 
Monocacy,  July  9th  and  was  captured  by 
the  Confederates.  He  was  confined  at  Dan- 
ville until  February  17,  1865,  and  then 
sent  to  Libby  prison,  where  he  was  paroled 
on  March  2Sth.  He  returned  to  his  reg- 
iment April  loth  and  marched  with  Sher- 
man's army  to  Washington  City,  where 
he  was  in  the  grand  review   on   June  8, 

1865.  Returning  from  the  army  he 
taught  school  one  year,  completed  a  scien- 
tific course  in  Dickinson  College  and  read 
medicine  with  Dr.  J.  J.  Gitzer.  He  then 
studied  six  months  in  the  Medical  De- 
partment of  the  University  of  Michigan 
and  shortly  afterwards  entered  the  College 
of  Medicine,  at  Detroit,  Michigan,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  the  class  of 
1867.  After  graduation  he  took  a  post- 
graduate course  and  after  a  few  months 
travel  in  the  West,  located  at  Newville, 
this  State,  where  he  practiced  for  six  years. 
At  the  end  of  that  time,  in  1875,  he  went 
to  Baltimore,  and  after  practicing  there 
for  a  year  as  a  partner  with  his  old  pre- 
ceptor. Dr.  Gitzer,  he  came  to  Carlisle, 
where  he  has  been  a  leading  and  success- 
ful practitioner  ever  since. 

On  February  11,  1875,  Dr.  Hemminger 
wedded  Annie  E.  Powell,  who  was  a 
daughter  of  Col.  Samuel  R.  and  Mary  A. 
(Kelly)  Powell,  of  Baltimore.  In  1880 
Dr.  Hemminger  was  married  a  second 
time,    wedding    Mary    N.    Oyster,    whose 


father,  D.  K.  Oyster,  is  a  resident  of  La 
Grange,  Missouri. 

Dr.  Hemminger  is  an  unpretentious 
man,  and  equally  popular  physician.  He 
enjoys  a  very  large  practice,  and  is  often 
called  to  quite  a  distance  in  serious  cases. 
He  is  a  good  surgeon  as  well  as  a  capable 
physician.  Dr.  Hemminger  is  a  member 
of  the  Lutheran  church,  and  stands  high 
as  a  man,  wherever  he  is  known.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias. 

GEORGE  DARON,  United  States 
revenue  ganger  for  the  Ninth  Dis- 
trict, Pennsylvania,  was  born  in  Manches- 
ter township,  York  county,  January  12, 
1830,  and  is  a  son  of  George  and  Lydia 
(Kern)  Daron.  In  a  family  of  thirteen 
children,  Mr.  Daron  is  the  fourth  in  order 
of  birth  and  is  a  descendant  from  French- 
German  stock.  The  paternal  grandfather 
of  Mr.  Daron  was  born  in  Hellam  town- 
ship in  1 771,  and  his  father  was  a  native 
of  France,  which  country  he  left  to  try  his 
fortunes  in  the  New  World  when  about 
fifteen  years  of  age.  Grandfather  Daron 
was  a  farmer  and  distiller  by  occupation 
and  a  representative  man  in  the  early  days 
when  York  county  was  in  a  formative 
state.  He  was  a  man  of  large  stature,  a 
Lutheran  in  religious  faith  and  a  vigorous 
and  industrious  man.  Michael  Daron,  the 
emigrant  ancestor  of  the  Darons  in  Penn- 
sylvania, it  is  presumed,  followed  the  for- 
tunes of  Lafayette,  to  this  country  during 
the  American  war  for  Independence  and 
afterward  settled  in  his  adopted  country. 

Our  subject's  father  was  born  in  Hellam 
township  in  1799  and  died  in  1857  and  his 
wife  was  born  in  1804  and  died  in  1871.  He 
was  a  farmer  by  occupation,  afterward  a 
hotel  keeper  at  Dover,  York  county,  and 
sometime  before  his  death,  which  occurred 
in  June,  1857,  retired  from  all  active  busi- 
ness interests.    He  was  buried  in  full  com- 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


munion  with  and  in  the  faith  of  the  Luth- 
eran church  at  Dover  cemetery.  At  the 
time  of  his  decease  he  left  surviving  four 
sons  and  five  daughters. 

George  Daron,  our  subject,  grew  to 
manhood  in  Manchester  and  Dover  town- 
ships, received  his  preliminary  education 
in  the  district  schools  and  supplemented 
this  with  a  thorough  literary  training  in  the 
York  County  Academy,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  at  the  age  of  22.  In  1854  he 
purchased  the  hotel  at  Dover,  succeeding 
his  father,  and  conducted  it  for  a  term  of 
five  years.  In  1859  he  removed  to  York 
and  was  more  or  less  connected  with  cleri- 
cal official  positions  until  1865,  when  he 
was  elected  treasurer  of  the  county.  This 
position  he  filled  with  credit  and  efficiency. 
Subsequently,  in  1868,  he  became  clerk  to 
the  county  commissioners  for  one  year  and 
in  1877  held  the  office  of  deputy  prothono- 
tary  for  York  county.  Following  in  1882  he 
was  elected  justice  of  the  peace  and  was 
identified  with  that  office  for  four  years. 
In  1886  he  was  appointed  deputy  sheriff, 
served  three  years  in  this  capacity  and  in 
1891  was  appointed  steward  of  the  County 
Almshouse,  in  which  latter  position  he 
served  one  and  a  half  years.  In  1894  he 
was  appointed  to  his  present  position  of 
United  States  gauger,  under  the  adminis- 
tration of  President  Cleveland.  Mr.  Daron 
has  always  been  a  strong  adherent  of  the 
principles  and  policies  of  the  Democratic 
party,  has  given  liberally  to  the  support 
and  maintenance  of  that  organization  and 
in  addition  to  the  official  positions  already 
enumerated,  has  frequently  been  honored 
by  his  party  with  appointment  or  election 
to  a  number  of  minor  positions.  His  coun- 
sel and  activities  in  connection  with  the 
Democratic  party  have  uniformly  been  of 
a  high  order.  In  addition  to  his  public 
service,  Mr.  Daron  has  been  a  man  of  pub- 
lic spirit,  interested  in  the  material  develop- 


ment of  his  city  and  has  been  a  real  estate 
owner  of  considerable  prominence.  He  is 
a  stockholder  in  the  York  County  Na- 
tional Bank  and  in  the  Eastern  Market 
house,  of  which  latter  he  was  a  director  for 
a  number  of  years.  He  was  one  of  the 
early  supporters  and  promoters  of  the 
Farmers'  and  other  market  houses  of  York.. 
Fraternally  he  is  an  active  member  of  the 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows  and 
the  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men. 

Mr.  Daron  has  been  three  times  happily 
married.  On  November  22,  1855,  he  was 
united  with  Mary  A.  Leathery,  who  died 
March  30,  1874.  On  November  22,  1876, 
be  married  Malvene  Crisman,  who  died 
May  5,  1893:  and  on  November  22,  1894, 
he  married  Leavie  Getz.  Mr.  Daron  has 
no  children. 

AUGUST  SONNEMAN.  For  the 
past  thirty  or  more  years  August 
Sonneman,  packer  and  dealer  in  leaf  to- 
bacco, has  been  prominently  identified 
with  the  industrial  and  material  develop- 
ment of  the  city  of  York.  He  was  born 
near  Eimbeck.in  the  town  of  Sievershausen, 
Kingdom  of  Hanover,  Germany,  May  12th, 
1842.  He  spent  his  boyhood  with  his  par- 
ents in  the  Fatherland  where  his  father, 
Carl  Sonneman,  was  sexton  of  the  Luth- 
eran church.  Beside  the  duties  of  sexton, 
which  were  often  varied  and  exacting,  his 
father  followed  the  occupation  of  weaving 
linen,  in  which  business  he  was  an  expert 
and  skilled  craftsman.  His  mother  was, 
l.efore  her  marriage,  Antoinette  Wedekind, 
a  daughter  of  Carl  Wedekind  of  Sievers- 
hausen. 

Under  the  care  of  these  industrious  and 
frugal  parents,  August  grew  almost  to  man- 
hood, when  at  the  age  of  seventeen  he  was 
seized  with  the  ambition  to  emigrate  to 
America,  where  he  was  not  only  in  hope  but 
in  fact  to  achieve  success  and  fortune.  Ar- 


^^^^<::^^ 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


499 


riving  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  in  1859,  he 
obtained  employment  there  in  the  tobacco 
business.  In  this  he  seemed  to  have  been 
particularly  fortunate,  for  ever  since  he  has 
been  engaged  in  that  work  he  has  met 
with  a  success  that  declares  both  he  and  it 
were  admirably  suited  to  each  other.  After 
working  in  this  first  place  for  a  period  of 
two  years  he  removed  to  York.  Here  he 
followed  his  trade  for  four  years  more,  at 
the  end  of  which  time  he  commenced  the 
manufacture  of  cigars.  This  he  steadily 
carried  on  until  1867,  when  he  greatly  in- 
creased his  trade  by  adding  to  his  already 
large  business  the  packing  of  leaf  tobacco. 
So  profitable  did  this  new  departure  prove 
that  it  gradually  displaced  cigar  making 
and  now  forms  his  major  and  almost  ex- 
clusive line  of  business. 

On  March  18,  1865,  while  his  career  as 
a  manufacturer  was  still  young,  Mr.  Son- 
neman  married  Charlotte  Wauker,  a 
daughter  of  Francis  and  Juliana  Wauker, 
of  York.  His  marriage,  though  terminated 
ten  years  later  by  the  death  of  his  affection- 
ate wife,  was  productive  of  four  children, 
one  son  and  three  daughters,  the  youngest, 
Carl  August  Franz,  born  April  28th,  1873, 
died  in  childhood;  the  oldest  daughter, 
Antoinette  Julianna,  born  February  27th, 
1867,  was  married  November  5th,  1890  to 
William  Grothe,  of  York,  where  she  still 
resides;  the  second  daughter,  Wilhelmina 
Charlotte,  born  June  3,  1869,  is  the  wife  of 
Ferdinand  Bloom,  of  the  same  city;  and 
Charlotte  Augusta,  the  youngest,  born  De- 
cember 7th,  1870,  is  the  wife  of  Gustav 
Mehl,  of  York.  On  October  27th  1874, 
the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  married 
again,  his  second  wife  being  Catharine 
Smith,  who  was  born  in  Lubeck,  King- 
dom of  Prussia,  Germany.  To  this  mar- 
riage have  resulted  four  children,  two  boys 
and  two  girls:  Anna  Catharine,  born  July 
25th,    1875;   August   Carl    Heinrich,   born 


November  5,  1878;  Carl  Wilhelm  Franz, 
born  March  10,  1880;  and  Louise  Marie 
Katharine,  born  January  21,  1892. 

In  religious  affiliation,  Mr.  Sonneman  is 
an  active  and  valued  member  of  St.  John's 
Lutheran  church,  of  York,  of  which  he  is 
one  of  the  trustees  and  has  served  his 
church  on  different  occasions  as  lay  dele- 
gate to  the  Synod  meetings  of  that  church. 

He  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in 
the  municipal  affairs  of  his  city  and  was 
honored  by  being  elected  a  member  of  the 
first  city  council  after  York  had  passed 
from  borough-hood  to  city-hood.  In 
1893,  he  was  elected  assessor  from  the 
First  Ward  and  served  with  entire  accep- 
tation until  1896.  He  has  served  in  the 
councils  of  his  city.  Through  the  exercise 
of  his  clearheaded  and  practical  judgment 
in  local  politics,  he  has  not  only  helped  to 
make  our  local  self-government  the  ad- 
mirable and  economic  system  which  it  is, 
but  has  won  for  himself  a  place  of  honor 
and  respect  among  his  friends  and  fellow- 
citizens.  Personally,  Mr.  Sonneman  is 
affable,  uniformly  courteous  in  his  de- 
meanor, a  worthy  supporter  of  all  meri- 
torious projects  and  is  held  in  high  esteem 
as  a  man  of  integrity  and  honor.  He  is  one 
of  the  original  stockholders  and  builders 
of  the  City  Market. 

DAVID  A.  MINNICH,  the  present 
postmaster  of  York,  is  prominent 
among  the  self-made  men  of  the  county.  He 
is  a  son  of  Jonathan  and  Elizabeth  (Ness) 
Minnich,  and  was  born  at  Dallastown,  Pa., 
March  loth,  1857.  The  Minnichs  are 
among  the  oldest  settlers  of  York  county, 
and  have  been  equally  entitled  to  merit  for 
industry  and  frugality.  The  family  is  of 
German  descent,  and  the  founder  of  the 
American  branch  came  to  one  of  the  town- 
ships about  the  year  1737.  The  early 
members  of  the  family  were   mostly  me- 


500 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


chanics,  and  for  several  generations  fur- 
nished quite  a  number  of  carpenters. 
Coming  down  to  the  present  century,  we 
find  some  of  them  engaged  in  agricultural 
pursuits,  of  which  number  was  Jonathan. 
He  was  born  in  1813,  and  died  1865,  and 
is  interred  in  the  Lutheran  Reformed, 
now  the  German  Reformed,  cemetery,  at 
Dallastown.  Following  in  the  foot  steps 
of  his  early  ancestors,  he  was  a  man  of 
prudence  and  industrious  habits,  and  a 
consistent  member  of  the  Reformed 
church.  His  wife,  whose  maiden  name 
was  Elizabeth  Ness,  bore  him  a  family  of 
seven  children:  Alfred,  Pius  N.,  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Charles  Cramer,  Amanda,  Cathar- 
ine, wedded  to  John  H.  Fuller,  Jonathan, 
Jr.,  and  David  A.,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch. 

David  A.  Alinnich  was  brought  up  in  his 
native  county,  and  obtained  his  education 
in  the  common  schools.  At  eleven  years 
of  age  he  entered  a  tobacco  factory  and 
learned  the  trade  of  cigar  maker,  which 
he  followed  until  1892.  In  the  latter  year 
he  was  made  foreman  of  Myers  &  x\dams 
cigar  factory,  which  position  he  retained 
until  his  appointm.ent  to  the  post  master- 
ship of  York.  ]\Ir.  Minnich  was  one  of  14 
candidates  for  the  coveted  position,  and 
after  a  long  and  hotly  contested  struggle, 
was  appointed  and  commissioned  by  Presi- 
dent Cleveland,  on  July  2,  1896.  His  ap- 
pointment was  satisfactory  to  the  people 
regardless  of  party,  and  the  termination  of 
the  contest,  in  his  favor,  was  celebrated  by 
his  friends  and  a  number  of  labor  organi- 
zations in  a  public  parade.  He  assumed 
charge  of  the  post  office  on  July  16,  1896, 
and  since  that  date  the  functions  of  his  of- 
fice have  been  efficiently  performed.  In 
politics  Mr.  Alinnich  has  always  been  an 
active  Democrat.  He  has  always  been  an 
active  partisan  in  his  political  faith  and  has 
represented  his  party  in  State  conventions. 


He  has  also  been  active  as  a  labor  leader, 
and  served  officially  in  both  the  Cigar 
Makers'  Union  and  the  American  Federa- 
tion of  Labor  for  a  number  of  years.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias, 
Knights  of  the  Golden  Eagle,  Odd  Fellows 
and  Masons.  In  both  latter  organizations 
he  has  been  the  recipient  of  unusual  hon- 
ors, and  has  passed  all  the  chairs  in  the  Odd 
Fellows. 

Like  most  successful  men,  Mr.  Minnich 
began  life  for  himself  at  an  early  age,  and 
under  adverse  circumstances.  He  has  de- 
rived invaluable  lessons,  however,  from  the 
accumulated  experience  of  business  and 
contact  with  people,  and  this,  together  with 
keen  foresight,  and  a  patriotic  spirit,  has 
amply  equipped  him  for  any  honors  that 
the  public  might  bestow. 

On  January  22,  1884,  Mr.  Minnich  was 
joined  in  bonds  of  marriage  with  Jennie 
Hartman,  daughter  of  Albert  Hartman, 
a  native  and  long  time  resident  of  York 
county.  Their  nuptial  relations  have  re- 
sulted in  the  birth  of  two  children,  a  son 
and  a  daughter:  Earl  A.,  and  Grace  E. 

He  and  his  wife  are  both  worthy  mem- 
bers of  Christ  Lutheran  church. 

F RANKIN  L.  SEIFFERT,  assistant 
postmaster  of  the  city  of  York,  is 
the  eldest  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Hen- 
ise)  Seiffert,  and  was  born  in  Dover  town- 
ship, York  county,  Pennsylvania,  January 
12,  1837.  His  parents  were  both  of  Ger- 
man descent  and  natives  of  York  county, 
where  his  father  was  born  in  1814  and  his 
mother  in  1813.  John  Seiffert  was  a  weaver 
by  trade  and  followed  weaving  during  his 
life  time.  He  was  a  Democrat  in  politics 
and  served  one  term  of  three  years  as  au- 
ditor of  York  county.  He  died  March  29, 
1888,  aged  74  years.  He  wedded  Eliza- 
beth Henise,  who  was  a  daughter  of 
George  Henise,  and  passed  away  Decem- 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


sot 


ber  12,  1889,  when  in  the  77th  year  of  her 
age.  To  their  union  were  born  seven  chil- 
dren, of  whom  three  died  in  infancy.  The 
four  who  grew  to  maturity  and  are  still 
living  are:  Franklin  L.,  Ambrose  H.,  Sarah 
C,  wife  of  John  B.  Strine,  of  York;  and 
Rebecca  E.,  who  married  R.  H.  Stough. 

Franklin  L.  Seififert  was  reared  in  York 
county,  attended  the  common  schools  and 
took  an  academic  course  in  the  Cumber- 
land Valley  Institute.  At  the  close  of  his 
school  days  he  engaged  in  teaching  and 
brick-making,  followed  the  one  line  of 
work  in  winter  and  the  other  in  summer 
for  nine  years.  He  then  in  January,  1866, 
became  book-keeper  for  Hoffheins,  Shire- 
man  &  Company,  of  York,  and  remained 
with  them  for  five  years,  when  Mr.  Shire- 
man  withdrew  from  the  firm  and  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  reapers  and  farm  im- 
plements. Soon  after  Mr.  Shireman's  with- 
drawal from  the  firm,  Mr.  Seiffert  became 
his  book-keeper,  and  two  years  later  ac- 
cepted the  same  position  from  Mr.  Shire- 
man's successor.  The  York  Manufacturing 
Company,  with  whom  he  remained  until 
April  I,  1880,  when  he  became  clerk  and 
book-keeper  for  George  F.  Baugher,  man- 
ufacturer of  water  wheels.  He  remained 
with  Mr  Baugher  and  his  successors  until 
March  i,  1896,  when  he  was  appointed  as- 
sistant postmaster  of  York,  and  has  served 
acceptably  in  that  position  up  to  the  pres- 
ent time.  Mr.  Seiffert  is  a  Democrat  po- 
litically, and  has  always  supported  his  party 
and  worked  for  its  supremacy  and  the  suc- 
cess of  its  principles.  He  served  as  school 
controller  of  his  city  for  five  years.  He 
is  a  member  of  Heidelberg  German  Re- 
formed church.  Mr.  Seiffert  has  been  con- 
nected for  many  years  with  the  Odd  Fel- 
lows and  ranks  high  in  that  organization. 
He  is  a  member  of  and  has  passed  the 
chairs  in  Humane  Lodge,  No.  342,  of 
which  he  has  been  secretary  for  the  last 


eleven  years.  He  is  a  member  and  the 
present  Scribe  of  Mt.  Vernon  Encamp- 
ment, No.  14,  Independent  Order  of  Odd 
Fellows.  He  has  the  reputation  of  being 
a  safe  and  careful  business  man,  and  a 
good  and  useful  citizen. 

On  November  ist,  i860,  Franklin  L. 
Seififert  married  Elizabeth  Jacoby,  whose 
father,  George  Jacoby,  was  a  resident  of 
York  county.  They  have  two  children, 
both  sons:  Carey  A.,  in  the  employ  of  the 
York  Wall  Paper  company;  and  Harry  J., 
now  in  Bair  Sons'  bank,  of  York. 

ALFRED  A.  LONG,  M.  D.,  who  has 
been  engaged  in  the  active  practice 
of  his  profession  in  the  city  of  York  for 
over  twenty  years,  is  a  son  of  William  N. 
aiiL,  Mary  (Dampmen)  Long,  and  was  born 
in  Honeybrook  township,  Chester  county, 
Pennsylvania,  May  21,  1851.  The  Long 
and  Dampman  families  were  pioneer  set- 
tlers in  their  section  of  Chester,  one  of  the 
three  original  counties  of  the  "Keystone 
State,"  and  the  best  ancestral  record  of  the 
Longs  is  probably  the  one  that  is  in  the 
possession  of  Dr.  W.  S.  Long,  of  Hadden- 
field,  New  Jersey,  which  shows  them  to  be 
a  steady  and  substantial  family  mostly  en- 
gaged in  agricultural  pursuits  but  having 
a  fair  representation  in  business  occupa- 
tions and  professional  life.  William  N. 
Long,  like  many  of  his  ancestors  was  a 
merchant  and  passed  his  life  peacefully  and 
usefully,  dying  in  1861,  aged  50  years.  He 
married  Mary  Dampman,  whose  father, 
Peter  Dampman  was  a  well-to-do  farmer  of 
Honeybrook  township,  Chester  county. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Long  had  a  family  of  five 
sons  and  five  daughters 

Alfred  A.  Long  was  reared  in  his  native 
county,  received  his  education  in  the  pub- 
lic schools,  Coatesville  Academy,  of  Ches- 
ter county,  and  Pennington  Seminary,  of 
the  State  of  New  Jersey.    In  1874  he  com- 


502 


Biographical  ant>  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


menced  the  study  of  medicine  under  the 
preceptorship  of  Dr.  Matthew  A.  Long,  a 
well  known  physician  of  Pottstown,  Mont- 
gomery county.  At  the  termination  of  his 
office  reading  he  entered  the  medical  de- 
partment of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  was  graduated  in  the  class  of 
1877.  In  a  short  time  after  graduation  he 
came  to  York,  and  having  carefully  pre- 
pared himself  for  the  duties  of  his  exact- 
ing profession  he  in  due  time  built  up  a 
good  practice  which  he  has  held  and  in- 
creased up  to  the  present  time.  Dr.  A.  A. 
Long  is  a  Republican  politically,  and  while 
ever  supporting  the  party  of  his  choice  in  a 
proper  manner  has  never  allowed  the  ex- 
citements of  political  life  to  allure  him 
from  the  quiet  and  steady  practice  of  his 
profession.  He  is  a  member  of  the  York 
County  Medical  Society.  His  choice  of 
the  city  of  York,  as  a  better  opening  and 
wider  field  of  usefulness  than  several  other 
places  to  which  his  attention  was  called  in 
1877,  was  one  of  wisdom  and  judgment 
which  has  been  attended  with  an  ample 
measure  of  success.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
First  Presbyterian  church,  of  which  his 
wife  is  also  a  member. 

On  May  6,  1884,  Dr.  Alfred  A.  Long, 
was  united  in  marriage  with  Lillian  M. 
Davis,  whose  parents  are  J.  Rodney  and 
Elizabeth  Davis,  residents  of  York,  Pa.  Dr. 
and  Mrs.  Long  have  one  child,  a  son, 
named  W.  Newton,  who  was  born  May  29, 
1890,  and  one  son  dead,  Rodney  D.  Long, 
born  July  4,  1886,  died  February  22,  1888. 

BENJAMIN  F.  FRICK,  Ex-Prothono- 
tary  of  York  county,  enjoys  the  dis- 
tinction of  being  the  first,  and  so  far,  the 
only  Republican  candidate  that  has  ever 
been  elected  to  a  county  office  in  York  in 
a  straight  political  fight.  He  is  a  son  of 
John  P.  and  Hannah  (Hershey)  Frick,  and 
was  born  in  York  county,   Pennsylvania, 


June  9,  1841.  The  Frick  family  is  of  Swiss 
origin,  and  the  land  of  their  nativity  has  al- 
ways sent  to  America  a  class  of  industrious, 
energetic  people.  John  P.  Frick  was  a 
lineal  descendant  of  the  progenitor  of  the 
Frick  family  in  this  county,  and  spent  the 
early  years  of  his  life  in  Lancaster  county, 
where  he  was  born.  He  was  a  miller  by 
trade,  and  after  the  pursuit  of  his  vocation 
for  some  years  in  Lancaster  county,  he  re- 
moved to  York  county,  where  he  engaged 
in  the  general  mercantile  business.  He 
was  a  consistent  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church,  and  died  in  1889  in  his 
8oth  year.  He  was  one  of  the  few  early 
Republicans  in  York  county  who  advo- 
cated the  principles  of  that  party  before  it 
had  been  formally  organized  in  the  Na- 
tional convention  at  Pittsburg.  He  was 
prominent,  active  and  aggressive  as  a  party 
leader,  and  his  political  services  were  timely 
and  useful  in  the  community  where  he  re- 
sided. When  the  late  Civil  war  commenced 
and  the  Internal  Revenue  Department  in- 
creased its  force  he  was  made  a  deputy  col- 
lector of  revenue  and  held  that  position  for 
several  years.  He  married  Hannah  Her- 
shey, of  York  county,  by  whom  he  had 
seven  children:  William  H.,  Benjamin  F., 
John  J.,  Abraham,  Mary,  widow  of  Martin 
Skinner;  Daniel  B.,  and  Joseph  H. 

Benjamin  F.  Frick  was  reared  in  York 
county,  received  his  education  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  York  County  Academy. 
Subsequently,  he  learned  the  trade  of  ma- 
chinist, which  he  followed  until  1861.  In 
August  of  that  year  he  enlisted  in  Company 
A,  87th  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  was 
made  sergeant  and  served  until  1863,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  Company  H,  39th 
United  States  Colored  troops,  with  the 
rank  of  second  lieutenant.  The  next  year 
he  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  served 
some  time  as  assistant  adjutant  general 
with   Colonel   Bowman,    and    after    Lee's 


Nineteenth  Congressional  District. 


5<33 


surrender  at  Appomattox,  had  charge  at 
Fort  Fisher  until  December,  1865.  He 
was  honorably  discharged  from  the  Union 
service  in  the  latter  year.  Mr.  Frick  par- 
ticipated in  all  the  battles  of  the  87th  Regi- 
ment from  1861  to  1864.  On  June  17  he 
was  captured  at  Carter's  woods,  Virginia, 
and  was  incarcerated  several  weeks  as  a 
prisoner  in  the  famous  Libby  and  on  Bell 
Island.  After  being  discharged  from  the 
service,  he  returned  home  and  became 
book-keeper  for  the  Billmyer  &  Small  car 
works,  with  whom  he  remained  ten  years. 
He  then  embarked  in  the  coal  business, 
which  he  followed  up  till  1 88 1,  and  then 
opened  an  insurance  office  which  has  since 
become  his  principal  pursuit.  He  repre- 
sents a  dozen  or  more  of  the  largest  and 
strongest  insurance  companies  in  the 
United  States,  and  has  succeeded  in  build- 
ing up  a  large  and  profitable  business. 

On  December  21,  1871,  Mr.  Frick 
wedded  Emma  Sechrist,  a  daughter  of 
Jacob  A.  Sechrist,  of  York.  To  their  union 
have  been  born  seven  children,  one  son  and 
six  daughters:  Mary,  deceased;  Clara,  a 
teacher  in  the  York  public  schools;  John, 
Hattie,  deceased;  Hannah,  Frances  and 
Susan. 

Like  his  father  before  him,  Mr.  Frick 
has  always  been  a  Republican  in  politics. 
His  strength  in  his  own  party  and  his  pop- 
ularity with  the  voters  of  all  parties  was 
attested  in  1893  when  he  was  nominated 
by  the  Republicans  for  Prothonotary  and 
elected  in  a  county  whose  Democratic  ma- 
jority runs  from  2500  to  4500.  His  election 
was  the  record  of  the  first  predominance 
of  a  Republican  county  official  over  a 
Democratic  opponent  in  York  county. 

Mr.  Frick  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  church,  of  which  he  is  a  trustee, 
and  of  whose  Sunday  school  he  was  super- 
intendent for  over  twenty  years.  He  is  fra- 
ternally a  member  of  the  Masons,  Junior 


Order  of  United  American  Mechanics, 
Knights  of  Malta,  Improved  Order  of  Hep- 
tasophs.  Royal  Arcanum,  Post  No.  37,  G. 
A.  R.,  asd  also  the  Union  Veteran  Legion. 

THOMAS  WOOD,  secretary  of  the 
York  Gas  company,  is  a  man  of  var- 
ied and  successful  business  experience.  He 
is  a  son  of  Thomas,  Sr.,  and  Sarah  F. 
(Brevitt)  Wood,  and  was  born  at  Darlas- 
ton,  England.  His  parents  were  both  of 
English  birth  and  parentage,  and  his  father 
followed  milling  as  an  occupation.  To 
Thomas  Wood,  Sr.,  and  his  wife,  were  born 
six  children,  of  whom  five  grew  to  ma- 
turity: Mary,  wife  of  Thomas  Page;  Su- 
san, married  George  Brevitt;  Jane,  wife  of 
Richard  Brevitt;  Sarah  M.,  wife  of  Robert 
Dungate,  and  Thomas.  Of  these  five  chil- 
dren who  lived  to  manhood  and  woman- 
hood but  two  are  now  living,  Thomas  and 
Mrs.  Dungate,  who  now  resides  in  New 
Zealand. 

Thomas  Wood  grew  to  manhood  in  his 
native  land,  and  after  attending  the  schools 
of  his  district  learned  the  trade  of  pattern 
maker,  which  he  soon  abandoned  to  learn 
engineering.  He  soon  became  an  expert 
as  an  engineer,  and  in  i860  came  to  Phila- 
delphia as  manager  of  the  works  of  Dean, 
Reichley  &  Co.,  who  were  engaged  in  man- 
ufacturing iron,  nails  and  railroad  supplies, 
and  a  year  later  failed  on  account  of  the 
Civil  war  commencing  and  preventing  the 
collection  of  large  bills  due  them  in  the 
South.  After  the  closing  of  these  works 
Mr.  Wood  returned  to  England  and  acted 
successively  as  traveling  salesman  for  Ap- 
perly  &  Co.,  cloth  manufacturers  of  Strand 
for  five  years  and  as  a  salesman  in  a  large 
ware-house  at  Birmingham  for  two  years. 

Leaving  Birmingham,  England,  in  1869, 
he  returned  to  Philadelphia,  and  a  year 
later  in  the  early  part  of  1870,  came  to 
York,  where  he  took  charge  of  the  business 


504 


Biographical  and  Portrait  Cyclopedia. 


of  the  Singer  Sewing  Machine  company. 
Five  years  later  he  returned  to  Philadel- 
phia to  spend  two  years  there  in  the  gen- 
eral office  of  the  Singer  company,  and  then 
came  back  to  York,  where  he  was  engaged 
in  the  sewing  machine  business  on  his  own 
account  for  about  five  years.  At  the  end 
of  the  last  named  period  of  time,  in  1882, 
he  was  elected  as  secretary  of  the  York 
Gas  company  and  has  held  that  position  up 
to  the  present  time. 

In  1847,  Mr.  Wood  married  Marianne 
Cassidy,  of  Birmingham,  England.  They 
had  five  children:  Thomas,  Margaret  M., 
Florence,  who  died  in  infancy;  and  Nellie 
and  Amy  T.  Mrs.  Wood  died  in  England 
in  1868,  and  two  years  afterwards  Mr. 
Wood  wedded  Annie  Funk. 

In  political  affairs  Mr.  Wood  believes  in 
the  principles  of  the  Republican  party.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  and  a 
teacher  in  its  Sunday  school.  Mr.  Wood 
is  an  active  and  successful  business  man. 
He  is  a  stockholder  in  the  York  Gas  and 
Water  companies,  and  the  York  City  Street 
Railway  company.  He  is  a  prominent 
Mason. 

OSCAR  G.  KLINGER,  A.  M.,  is  the 
son  of  Gideon  B.  and  Elizabeth 
Klinger  and  was  born  September 
13,  1861,  at  Hopeton.  He  is  of  Eng- 
lish origin,  his  ancestors  coming  from 
Saxony.  His  great-grandfather  was  born 
in  Cunningham,  Pa.,  received  a  common 
school  education  and  was  a  farmer  in  Lu- 
zerne county.  Pa.,  all  his  life.  He  was  a 
Democrat  in  politics,  a  member  of  the 
Lutheran  church  and  an  active  Christian, 
being  an  office  holder  in  that  church  all  his 


life.  His  children  were  William,  Henry, 
Solomon,  Gideon,  Isaac  and  Sarah.  He 
died  in  1859.  His  father  was  born  in  Lu- 
zerne county,  received  a  common  school 
education  and  was  a  farmer  and  merchant 
by  occupation.  He  is  now  engaged  in  the 
sale  of  fertilizers.  He  is  a  Democrat,  an  ac- 
tive politician  and  has  served  in  local  offices. 
He  belongs  to  the  Lutheran  church,  of 
which  he  is  a  leading  and  exemplary  mem- 
ber and  has  long  been  officially  connected 
with  that  church.  He  gives  much  attention 
to  and  takes  an  active  interest  in  the  reli- 
gious and  educational  interests  of  the 
county.  His  children  are  Maranda,  Lee, 
Ella,  Rodgers,  Virginia  and  Oscar.  The 
father  and  mother  of  the  subject  are  both 
living  and  are  universally  esteemed  in  the 
community.  The  youngest  of  their  chil- 
dren, whose  biographical  memoranda  we 
chronicle,  graduated  at  Pennsylvania  Col- 
lege, Gettysburg,  in  1886.  He  then  studied 
logic  at  the  University  of  Cincinnati  for  a 
year  and  took  a  theological  course  at  the 
Lutheran  Seminary  at  Gettysburg,  and 
subsequently  studied  at  Cornell  Univer- 
sity. Subsequently,  he  went  as  a  home 
missionary  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  re- 
mained two  years,  after  which  he  became 
principal  of  Kee-Mar  College  at  Hagers- 
town,  Md.,  remaining  there  a  year,  and 
then  came  to  Gettysburg  to  take  charge  of 
Stephens'  Hall  Preparatory  Institute.  He 
now  fills  the  professorship  of  Greek  and 
English  in  Pennsylvania  College.  He  is  a 
Republican  in  politics.  In  1890  he  was 
married  to  Elizabeth  Mitchell,  daughter  of 
Robert  Mitchell,  and  their  children  are 
Blanche  Swope  and  Rodger  Mitchell. 


INDEX. 


Preface, 4 

Historical  Sketch, 5 

Chapter  I. 

Geography, 5 

Topography, 5 

Geology, 7 

Mineralogy, ...    9 

Botany, '° 

Zoology, ^° 

Political  Divisions, ^^ 

Natural  Resources I  ^ 

Chapter   II. 

Aborigines, 

Aboriginal  Titles, I5 

Early  Settlements, 15 

Border  Difficulties, i? 

Boundary  Lines, i° 

Manors  of  Springettsbury,  Louther  and  Maske, i8 

Pioneer  Races, 20 

Development  Periods, 25 

Cities  and  Villages 28 

Chapter  III. 

French  and  Indian  War, 29 

The  Revolution, 3° 

Continental  Congress, 34 

Frontier  Defense, 34 

National  Capital  Site, 34 

Whiskey  Insurrection, 35 

War  of  181 2, 35 

Mexican   War, 3^ 

War  of  the  Rebellion, 3^ 

Battle  of  Gettysburg 39 

Subsequent  Military  History, 45 

Chapter  IV. 

Agriculture, 4^ 

Turnpikes  and  Highways, 49 

Milling  and  Merchandizing, 5° 

Manufactures 51 

Banks, 53 

Railroads,         55 

Minor  Industries, 57 

Chapter  V. 

Early  Schools, 58 

Act  of  1834, 59 


5o6  Index. 

The  Public  Schools 59 

County  Institutes, 60 

Academic  Schools 60 

Colleges, 61 

Dickinson  College, 6i 

Pennsylvania  College, 66 

Theological  Seminary  of  the  General  Synod  Lutheran  Church 69 

Metzger  College  for  Young  Ladies, 70 

York  Collegiate  Institute, 71 

Parochial  Schools, 72 

Indian  Industrial  School 72 

Chapter  VI. 

York  County   Bar 7S 

Adams  County  Bar 87 

Cumberland  County  Bar, 87 

Chapter  VII. 

First  Resident  Physicians, 109 

Physicians   1766— 1896, 109 

The  Indian   Physician, 112 

County  Medical  Societies, 113 

York  Hospital, 114 

Dr.  Dady,  The  Imposter, 114 

Medical  Statistics "7 

Chapter  VIII. 

Lutherans 118 

Reformed  Church 119 

Friends  or  Quakers 123 

Presbyterians 124 

United  Presbyterians 126 

Episcopalians 126 

Baptists, 127 

Catholics 127 

Moravians, 128 

Mennonites, 128 

German  Baptists, 128 

United  Brethren, • 129 

Welsh  Calvinists, 129 

Methodists, 129 

Methodist  Protestant, 130 

Evangelicals, 13° 

Winebrennarians 131 

River  Brethren, 131 

Dutch  Reformed 131 

Cemeteries, 13* 

Chapter  IX. 

Bibliography I33 

The  Press, I37 

The  York  Daily  and  Weekly, 136 

The  York  Gazette 140 

York  Dispatch, 142 

The  Hanover  Herald, 144 

The  Hanover  Record, i44 


Index.  5°? 

Chapter  X. 

Local  Historians 146 

Slavery  and  Redemptioners, 146 

Political  and  Civil  Lists  of  Cumberland  County 147 

Indian  Local  Names, I49 

Meteorology, '49 

Political  Lists  of  Adams  County, 149 

Secret  Societies, 'S^ 

Odd  Fellowship 152 

Improved  Order  of  Red  Men, 152 

Knights  of  Pythias 152 

Temperance  Organization 152 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic 152 

Knights  of  the  Golden  Eagle, 152 

Other  Societies 152 

Insurance, 152 

Gettysburg  National   Cemetery, I53 

York  County  Civil  Lists, I53 

East  and  West  Indian  Trail,  156 

Population 156 

City  of  York 157 

Carlisle, 159 

Gettysburg, 159 

Boroughs, 160 

Entomology 161 

NECROtoGiCAi,  Biographies. 

Hon.  Jeremiah  S.  Black 165      Gen.  William  B.  Franklin 209 

.Tames    Williamson    Bosler IfiS       David    Jameson 210 

Hon.   Edward    McPherson,   LL.   D IT.")      Horatio  Gates  Jameson,  M.  D 213 

The  Small  Family 179       Col.    Hance    Hamilton 213 

Spencer  Fullerton  Baird,  LL.   D 181       Col.   Robert  McPherson 215 

■Molly    Pitcher 184       William    McPherson    216 

Theodore  G.  Wormley,  M.  D.,  LL.  D ISO       Archibald   McClean    216 

Rev.  Charles  Nisbet,  D.  D 187       Gen.  Henry  Miller 217 

Rev.   Joseph  A.  Murray,   D.   D 189       Hon.    Thaddeus    Stevens 220 

William    Daniel    Himes 189       Hon.    Ellis    Lewis 221 

Hon.  Martin  C.  Herman 191       Edward   Chapin,    Esq 222 

Hon.    James    Smith 192       William    Lonhavt    224 

Col.   Thomas   Hartley 194       Hon.   Lemuel   Todd 226 

Hon.   Daniel  Durkee 195       Co).    Henry    Slagle 227 

Hon.  Robert  J.  Fisher 199       Hon.    Jacob    Cassatt 227 

Oliver   Stuck,    Esq., 200       Patrick    McSherry    227 

Hon.    Frederick   W^atts 202       Christopher   Gulp    227 

Jacob    Forney    203       Gen.   William   Reed 227 

James  Underwood    205       Hon.   Adam  J.   Glossbrenner 228 

Rev.  Jacob  Boas 206       John    L.    Mayer,    Esq 228 

David  E.   Small 207       Zachariah   K.   Loucks 229 

Re^.    Lewis    Mayer,    D.    D 208       Hon.  James  H.  Graham,  LL.  D 231 

Hon.   Henry   Ne"s,   M.  D 208       Hon.   John   Gibson 231 

Contemporaneous  Biographies 

Ahl,   John,    M.   D 341       Billheimer,   Eev.    T.    0 337 

AUewalt,   J.   Q., 381       Brickley,    Dr.   O.    C 328 

Alleman,  Horace  M.,  M.  D. 403      Beck,    Paul    J., 339 

Brindle,    Capt.   John    P 340 

Biddle,   Hon.    Edward    W 243       Hiroh,    Prof.    T.    Bruce 342 

Bosler,    J.    Herman, 245       Baker,   John    R., 344 

Bittinger,  Dr.  J.  H., 258       Brame,    Rev.    Ira   Franklin, 346 

Lellman,  Bennett 323      Bowman,  Henry  N 347 


5o8 


Index. 


Bowman,    Dr.    John    W., 3o5 

Benner,   Maj.  H.   S., 361 

Brenneman,    Henry    C, 36.5 

Baker,   John    E., 3rS 

Bovd,   Hon.   Stephen   G., 386 

Bond,    William   S., 390 

Bressler,  Wilbur  J.,   D.   D.   S., 396 

Barshinger,  Dr.  M.  L., 400 

Bahn,  Prof.  John   E 412 

Bittenger,   Hon.   John   W., 433 

Benner,    Hon.    George   J., 433 

Bnehler,   Col.   Charles  H., 443 

Bollinger,    D.    A 453 

Black,  Hon.  Channcey  P. . .' 457 

Biicher,  Dr.  Frederick  C 469 

Brown,  Hon.   Gerard  Crane 473 

Buehler,    Guyon  H 476 

Blasser,   Jared  P 481 

Bushmen,  Samuel  M 491 

Carl,  Jere,   266 

Cochran,   Richard   E 267 

Callender,  Eev.   Samuel  N.,   D.   D 324 

Conrad,    J.    J., 379 

Dick,  Wallace  Peter,  M.  A., 270 

Dale,   Dr.   James   A., 272 

Dromgold,  Walker  A., 31S 

Delone,    Charles   J 393 

Dougherty,   Dr.   Milton   M 413 

DeHoff,   Dr.   John   W., 419 

Durbin    James   Greene -166 

Dietz,    Christian 46S 

Diven,  Samuel  Lamb,  M.   D 490 

Daron   G  eorge 497 

Elliott,    Isaac   A., 274 

Ehrhart,    D.    D., 3S4 

Ebert,    Martin    Luther, 417 

Kichelberger,    Captain    A.    W 420 

Eckert,    Edward    G., 444 

Ehrehart,  Charles   E 447 

Elcock,   Joseph 432 

P'arquhar.   Arthur  B 237 

Floyd,    Eev.   David   Bittle 277 

Fry  singer.  Rev.  W.  Maslin,  D.  D 285 

Fastnacht,  Rev.   Abraham  G 297 

Freas,  Rev.   William  S., 331 

Frey,   Samuel   C, 333 

Farquhar,    Benjamin    Hallowell 373 

Feglev,   Rev.  Henry  N., 3S9 

Flora' William  H 477 

Frick,  Benjamin  P 502 

Gardner,  Franklin    248 

Gable,    I.    C,    M.    D., 265 

Glessner.   James   G., 275 

Gross,  Israel  F SS."; 

Gerry,  Dr.  Elbridge  H., 353 

Gilbert,    Maj.    Calvin, 360 

Gibson,   Milton  B 371 

Gardner,    Edward    ■!., 393 

Grove,  Eugene  A.,  M.  D 398 

Gross,  Prof.  George  W.,  Sc.  D., 411 


Gotwalt,  Samuel 415 

Glossbrenner   Ivan 463 

Goodyear,    Jacob    M 480 

Henderson,  Hon.  Robert  M.,  LL.  D......  253 

Himes,    Charles    Francis,   LL.   D 253 

Heiges,   Hon.   George  W., 293 

Bays,  John    310 

Hagerty,   Rev.   Andrew   Neely 357 

Heiges,   Dr.   Jacob   D., 363 

Hoober,   John   A.,   D.  C.  L 368 

Hoover,    George   W., 394 

Bench,    S.    Nevin, 397 

Heilman,   Rev.   A.  M., 408 

Henderson,  William   M.,  Jr., 408 

Houck,  Rev.  W.  J., 413 

Hay,  Jacob,  M.   D., 427 

Heller,    John    W., 431 

Haines,   Hon.   Harvey   W 432 

Hersh,   Grier,    441 

Humrich,  Christian  P 445 

Himes,   William   A 455 

Hemler,   Rev.  P.  P 473 

Heiges,  Prof.  Samuel  B 478 

Heiges,  John  M 478 

Hubley,   B.  P.,   M.  D 487 

Hemminger,  George,  M.  D 490 

Jones,  Robert  L., 301 

Key  worth,   William   A 367 

Kerr,  Eev.  J.  J 377 

Krise,  Dr.  C.  W 393 

Kliuger,  Oscar  G.,  A.  M S04 

Lanius,    Capt.   W.   H., 283 

Lloyd,  Hon.  William  Penn, 309 

Lilly,  Rev.  A.  W.,  D.  D 362 

Laf'ean,    Daniel    F., 375 

Long,   Samuel   S., 404 

Lindner,   John,    Jr 425 

Latimer,  Hon.  James  W., 432 

Long,  Hon.  William  H 448 

Lewis,   Clay  Eli 463 

Long,  Alfred  A.,  M.  D 501 

Moore,  Maj.  Joseph  Addison 250 

Mohler,  John  Frederick,  Ph.  D 276 

Moore,   Johnston 30? 

McKnight,  Rev.  Harvey  W.,  LL.  D., 303 

Manifold,    Samuel   M., 315 

Mcllhenny,    William    B 354 

McCoy,  John,    416 

Musselraan.  J.  Elmer 393 

Miller,    Kev.  Jacob  0.,   D.   D., 434 

Mayer,  Jacob   A., 435 

McKinnon,   Dr.  Matthew  J 449 

McGuire,  Rev.  Francis  W 451 

McElroy,   Henry    452 

Milleisen,    Joseph 433 

Mover,   Rev.   Elmer   W 454 

Meisenhekler,   Edmund  W.,   M.  D 4.59 

Myers,    Captain    Solomon 461 

Mowers,   Rev.   Alfred  B 475 

McElroy,  Robert  J.  F 4T9 


Index. 


509 


Minnich,   David   A 499 

Norcross,  Kev.  George,  D.  D., 240 

Niles,  Eev.  Henry  Edward,  D.  D., 249 

Nixon,  Henry  B.,  Ph.  D., 313 

Nes,    Charles    I., 388 

Niles,   Heury   C, 335 

Neeley,  S.  S., 429 

Neely,  Thomas  G 470 

K  eiman,    John 471 

O'Neil,  Dr.  John  W., 311 

Passmore,   H.   E., 325 

Peters,  Eev.  Morgan  A., 330 

Patrick,    Prof.    W.    H., 334 

Plank,  Benjamin,    350 

Plank,   John   W., 351 

FefEer,  William  H 410 

Quay,  Hon.  Matthew  S., 305 

Quinby  William   P 493 

Eeed,  George  Edward,  S.  T.  D.,  LL.  D...  244 

Ross,    N.    Sargent, 368 

Eobbins.  Maj.  William  M., 356 

Eitchey,   Vinton    Henry, 369 

Eupp,    Solomon    S., 376 

Eees,  Eiehard, 407 

Eeese,   Eev.  J.  W 473 

Stewart,  Hon.  W.  P.  Bay, 255 

Stubbs,   Vincent   G 263 

Spangler,   Edward    W., 282 

Shindel,    E.    Hathaway, 295 

Spangler,  B.  P.,  M.  D., 299 

Spangler,    Hon.    Benjamin   K., 312 

Steck,   Eev.   A.   E., 314 

Smith,  Eev.  George  L., 316 

Schlueter,   Eev.   Clement   A., 326 

Smead  A.  D.   B 331 

Schall,   Jacob   D., 338 

SaiEord,  Lilian   E.,   M.   D., 343 

Stubbs,   Le%vis   K., 353 

Schall,    Michael,    364 

Spangler,  Dr.  Charles  P., 366 

Strawbridge,  Joseph  E., 370 

Snyder,  John  J.,  M.   D 374 

Sheely,  William  Clarence 399 


Shulenberger,    Ephraim   A.,   D.    D.    S.,..  401 

Small,   J.   Frank,   M.   D, 404 

Smyser,    Samuel,    406 

Sta'hle,  Col.  James   A., 432 

Swope,  Hon.   Samuel   McCurdy 430 

Stock.   Eev.    Charles   M 443 

Sadler,  Hon.   Wilbur  P 455 

Strine   Hon.  E.   Z 485 

Smith,  Eev.   Joseph  D 4S6 

Steacy,    John   W 495 

Sell,    Lewis    D 495 

Sonneman,    August    498 

Seiffert,   Franklin   L 500 

Taylor,   Prof.  Martin  S 345 

Trimmer,    Daniel   K., 380 

Taylor,  Eev.  Andrew  E., 409 

Tanger,    J.    C 484 

Thompson,  A.  D 456 

Taylor,  Professor  E.  E 489 

Valentine,    Eev.    Milton,    LL.    D., 361 

\  an  Cleve,  Eev.    W.  S 300 

Vale,    Captain   Joseph   G., 383 

Vandersloot,   John   E 451; 

Weakley,  Hon.  James  M., 250 

Wetzel,    John    Wise, 259 

Wood,  Eev.  Charles  James, 260 

Wanner,   Nevin   M., 263 

Walker,  Eev.  Herman  Henry,  D.  D., 373 

Weiser,   Charles   S., 280 

Whiting,  Henry  Clay,  Ph.   D., 297 

Watts,   Edward  Biddle, 310 

Weber,   Eev.   H.    H!, 337 

Weaver,   Eev.    William   Henry, 348 

Weber,  Eev.  Gerny,  A.  M., 357 

Williams,    J.    Lawrence, 385 

Williams,    Howell,    415 

M'agner,  William  H.,  M.  D 465 

Wasbers,   Henry   435 

Webb,    William  E.,  M.  D 483 

Wood,    Thomas    503 

Young,   Hiram,    290 

Yeagley,   John  H.,  M.   D., 418 

Young,  Hon.  James  L 435 

Ziegler.   Edward   D., 286 


^^^ 


^y\ 


4