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BIOOF(APHY
AND
FAMILY RECORD
OF
LORENZO SNOl
Out. 0^ THt TNNt\.Mt KPOSTLtS OV -^Ht CWViP^CH OV
7
WRITTEN AND COMPILED BY HIS SISTER,
EUZA R. SNOW SMITH.
" I know him, that he will command his children after him, and
they shall keep the word of the Lord, to do justice and judgment."
." If you wish to go where God is, you must he like God —
possessing the principles which God possesses." — JoSEPir SMITH.
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH,
DESERET NEWS COMPANY, PRINTERS.
1884.
5 ^ 3> o 13
BancroltLiDrary
PRE^B'AGE.'
This Biograph}^ and Autobiography of my brother,
Lorenzo Snow, has been written as a tribute of sisterly affec-
tion for him; and as a token of sincere respect to his family.
It is designed to be handed down in lineal descent,
from generation to generation — to be preserved as a family
Memorial.
In adapting it to this purpose, both in the matter origi-
nated, and in that compiled, the writer has varied materiallj'-
from the usual course of biographers. That it may consti-
tute a historical point to which my brother's posterity, to
the latest generations, who shall honor the Gospel of the
(Son of God, may trace their origin in the Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-day " Saints, and find a record of their illus-
trious ancestor — his wives, children and grandchildren — a
full genealogical record is inserted. That his descendants
may profit by his instructions, selections from his letters
and discourses are copied into this work; we also have
inscribed missionary sketches of some of his sons and sons-
in-law. E. K. S. S.
GONTKNTS.
CHAPTER I.
Lorenzo Snow's Birth and Parentage. — Parents settled in Oliio. — Hardships
and Privations. — Their Hospitality. — Lorenzo's early Characteristics. —
Fondness for Books. — Military Aims. — Change in Pursuits.— Starts for
Oberliu College.— Falls in Company with David W. Patten.— Conversa-
tion.— In College. — Eliza Embi-aces the Gospel. — Moves to Kirtland —
How she obtained a House and Lot. — Lorenzo in College.— Investigates.
— Is disgusted — Writes to Eliza. — Her Invitation. — He accepts and comes
to Kirtland.— Studies Hebrew. — Is Baptized. — How he receives the Holy
Ghost, ..--.--- Page 1
CHAPTER II.
A Blessing Meeting.— Lorenzo's Opinion of the Patriarch.— The Patriarch's
Marvelous Prediction. — Lorenzo is Puzzled — Explained to him by
Revelation. — Lorenzo in Kirtland. — Fast-day Meetings. — Outpouring of
the Spirit. — Gifts Manifested — Lorenzo's First Speech from the Pulpit. —
Description of the Temple. — Fast Meetings. — A Striking Incident. —
Efl'ect of the Meetings on Lorenzo's Mind. — Wants to Preach. — Is
Ordained an Elder. ...----9
CHAPTER III.
My Brother started on Mission. — Without Purse or Scrip.— Hard work to
Beg. — Aflt'ectionate Aunt. — First Meeting in Medina County, Ohio. —
Baptism.s. — Preaches in Court House. — Ludicro.is Anecdote. — Visits
Relatives.- Preaches to Schoolmates. — Baptizes some of them. - 15
CHAPTER IV.
A change — Great Apostacy. — Disaftection creeps into every Quorum. — Pride
and speculation — Apostates claim the Temple. — Warren Parrish a ring-
leader.—A fearful, terrible scene in the Pemple. — The scene described. —
What occurred the next Day. — Very interesting Court scene. — John
Boynton portrayed.— Joseph and Sidney flee for their lives. — Father
Smith served with State's Warrant. — How he escaped. — Luke Johnson
befriends him. — Luke's death. .... - 20
CHAPTER V.
Leave Kirtland. — Grand Entertainment. — A noble Woman.— Lorenzo drives
one Team. — He is very Sick. — Arrive in Far West, Missouri. — Elder
Rigdon's Kindness. —Dr. Avord's Meanness. — His Nurse, Nightwatcher
and Doctor. — An Incident. — Arrive in Adam-ondi-Ahinan. — Lorenzo
takes his Gun and goes out to Hunt. — A new Train of Reflections. —
Hunting for Sport. — The old Settlers.— Their Antagonism.— Preparation
for Defense— False Alarm explained. - - - - 24
CHAPTER VI.
Wants to go on Mission.— Elder Butterfield wishes to accompany him. —
They go.— Arrive in Far West on the second day.— Father Smith blesses
Lorenzo.— Blindness of Thomas B. Marsh.— Leave Far West. — Meet a
camp of Brethren at the Missouri River.— Construe; a craft.— Started in
VI CONTENTS.
snow storm down the' river.— Perilous times.— Narrow escapes.— A
savage band. — Make their escape.— Find camping place in peace. —
Leave the boat and travel on foot.— Get lodging at the house of a
Mobocrat. — Mobocratic narrative.— A Campbellile Preacher's Polite-
ness.— Courtesy of a Methodist Preacher.— A crowded house.— A Dona-
tion just in time.— Saved from a Mob by his pocket Bible.— Other
Mobocrats foiled. ...--- Page 30
CHAPTER VII.
Leaves Kentucky.— Travels on foot five hundred miles.— Reaches his friend'*^
in Ohio.— Through fatigue and exposure, is very sick.— Receives kind
attention.— Traveled and preached.— Taught school.— Great effort, and
great success.— A thrilling narrative. — Arrives in Nauvoo. — The Father
and Family in LaHarpe. ....-- 38
CHAPTER VIII.
In Di-Ahman.— Our father's purchases.— Friendliness of the "old settlers."
— A spirit of hostility prevalent.— Millers would not grind our wheat. —
Grating corn for our bread. — How we cooked the grated meal. — A
strange move; the old .settlers abscond. — Their reports in tlie surround-
ing country. — The Military quells the upri.sing. — A horse mill in opera-
tion.— Mobs arouse with increased force. — Government sends Militia —
They are set to guard the Saints, who are ordered to leave the county
within ten days. — The halfway house. — Food frozen.— How we ate sup-
per.— Sleepless and jolly. — Arrive in Far West. — Seven miles out. —
Move to Illinois.— To Warren County,— To LaHarpe.— To Nauvoo. 41
CHAPTER IX.
Called on mission to England. — Extraordinary communication. — Calls on
families of the Twelve. — In Ohio. — Borrows money. — On board a sailing
vessel. — In Liverpool.— Writes to his aunt. — Why he is there. — How he
came there.— Crossing the ocean. — Terrific storms. — An ocean storm
.scene. — The calm. — Gratitude. — Arrives in Liverpool. — Manchester. —
Birmingham. ........ ^c^
CHAPTER X.
Writes from Birmingham. — Church numbers Sixteen. — Conference in Lon-
don.— Lorenzo appointed to preside over the London Conference. — Con-
firmed in Manchester". — Nine of the Twelve present. — Established a
Branch in Wolverhampton.— Ordained William Henshaw.— Sent him to
Wales. — William Henshaw did a good work, but "died as a fool dieth."
— An encounter with Evil Spirus. — Lorenzo gets the Victory. — An
Apostacy succeeds. — April (Jth, Conference in Manchester. — Nine of the
Twelve present. — Branches represented.— Officers set apart — A cake for
the Twelve. — The cake distributed. — A joyful time. — Orson Hyde
speaks. — Joseph Fieldmg speaks — P. P. Pratt composes verses. —
Brigham Young and William Miller sing. — President B. Young dis-
misses.—Poem addressed to L. Snow. .... 52
CHAPTER XI.
Brother Snow writes to Elder Pratt. — Baptisms. — A hint to the wise. —
Caution and instruction. — Writes to the Star. — Increase in the Church in
London. — Good word for Bedford. — Baptisms. — To Elder Pratt. — Sad
news. — Sister Morgan's Death. — Her faithfulness and benevolence. —
Her triumphant departure. — Her Husband is comforted. — Conference. —
Lorenzo informs how subscriptions are obtained. — Singing in Tongues.
— L. appointed First Counselor. — P. P. Pratt speaks.— Stanza.— Queen
Victoria. — Presentation of the Book of Mormon to Her Majesty and the
Prince Consort. ....... o8
CONTENTS. Vll
CHAPTER XII.
Brother Snow's Mission terminates.— Reports four hundred Members in the
London Conference. — Is appointed to take charge of two hundred and
fifty Saints en route to Nauvoo. — Embarks on the "Swanton." — The
Steward's sickness. — Grows worse and worse. — Is given up, and nearly
dead. — Sister Martin insists witli the Captain. — Is repulsed, and again
asks that Elder Snow may administer to the Steward.— She obtains con-
sent.— The man is healed. — Baptisms in New Orleans. — The Company
reaches Nauvoo. — Great Reception. — Waving of Handkerchiefs. — The
Prophet present. — Reminiscences. — My joy in meeting Lorenzo. — How
we associated. —Appeal to my Husband. — Their Interview. — The
Result. -.-.-.-- Page 65
CHAPTER XIII.
Plural Marriage. — It tries the Prophet. — God commands, and he nuist
obey. — Interview on the bank of the river.— The Prophet's words. —
Gives Lorenzo a precious promise. — Lorenzo and myself visit our
Parents, and return. — Lorenzo goes to Ohio. — Where he finds me on his
return. — Close of 1843. — A social gathering, — Extract from Lorenzo's
speech. — He organizes a company. — The General's compliment. —
Lorenzo's experience in an unfortunate school. — Makes a success. —
Mobbing at Lima. - - - - - - -69
CHAPTER XIV.
The Prophet instructs the Twelve. — They appoint a Delegation to seek a
location for the Saints. — Lorenzo notified to be in readiness. — Change
intervenes. — An unprecedented apostacy. — Joseph Smith's correspond-
ence.— Calls for an expression from candidates for the Presidency. —
Copy of Appeal. — Disgusted with their responses. — Offers himself as
candidate. — Elders electioneer. — How Lorenzo succeeds. — Terrible news.
— Assassination. — Mournful Elegy. — Meeting mobocrats. - 70
CHAPTER XV.
Lorenzo a Bachelor.— The Prophet instructs him.— He changes tactics. —
Marries. — Wives and Endowments, — In the Temple. — Wrath of our
Enemies. — Expulsion of the Saints. — Cross the Mississippi River. —
Intensely cold.— Snow storm. — Outfit.— Camp organized. — Moves for-
ward.— Song No. 1. — Song No. 2. ----- 84
CHAPTER XVI.
Garden Grove. —Pisgaji. — ^Severe sickness,— Death of Elder Huntington,—
Lorenzo called to preside. — Condition of the Saints, — A dilemma. —
Loi-enzo's policy. — How he succeeded. — A ludicrous and enjoyable
entertainment. — Births. — Death. — Life incidents. — President Young's
call. — Appointments. — Another wife. — Arrives in ihe Valley. — Ordained
into the Quorum of the Twelve. — Builds a log house, - - S9
CHAPTER XVII.
The first celebration. — Lorenzo chairman of committee. — Description of
Escort— Moves from Bowery to President Young's. — Receives the
Presidency, — Returns to Bowery, — Singing by the way.— Cheers. —
Hymn.— Prayer. — Declaration of Independence read.— Speech by Silver
Greys. — Ode sung by Silver Greys. — Shout of hosanna. — March to the
dinner tables.— A rich feast. — Thousands of the Saints partake. — Gentiles
en route to California, partake, — Scores of Indians partake. — Grandeur in
Simplicity.— Gratitude to God. ... - : 95
CHAPTER XVIIl.
The Brethren covenant to help the poor out from Nauvoo,— Lorenzo called
to obtain means.— The poverty and liberality of the Saints,— One offers
Vlll CONTENTS.
his only cow. — Anecdote of Captain Brown. — Called on a mission to
Italy. — Increase of family. — Weight of responsibility. — No time for
preparation.— Company organized. — Letter to his Sister. — The Journey. —
Wonderful manifestations of the hand of God. — Nauvoo. — Carthage. —
Arrival in Liverpool. — Meets the brethren. - - Page 107
CHAPTER XIX.
The Editor's reflections. — The responsibility of Lorenzo's Mission. — His
trust in God. — His knowledge that God had called him — Commendable
characteristics. — How they are strengthened. — He writes to F. D. Rich-
ards.— Describes Genoa. — Armed men. — Priests. — Meets an acquaint-
ance.— Curious interview. — Reflections. — Sympathy for the people. —
Door opening for the Gospel in Piedmont. — Encouraging prospects. 116
CHAPTER XX.
Writes to President Young— The Waldenses. — Incidents. — Calls Elder Sten-
house. — Cathedral of St. Lorenzo. — Sends two Elders to Piedmont. —
Describes the Country. — Published "The Voice of Joseph." — Miraculous
healing. — Sends for Elder Woodard. — Organization of the Church —
Prayer. — Officers chosen. — Mount Brigham. — Rock of Prophecy. — Testi-
mony of an Englisliman. — Invited by a Priest. — First Baptism. — Difficul-
ties to meet. — LaTour. — The presence of the Elders only tolerated. — Can
lift up his head and rejoice in spite of difficulties. - - 121
CHAPTER XXI.
Joseph Smith. — His anxiety on the subject of religion. — Secret vocal prayer..
— A brilliant light envelops him. — Two personages appear. — The Lord
speaks to Joseph. — Instructs him. — He has another vision. — Is shown
where records are deposited. — Obtains and translates them. — Testimonies
of the Witnesses. — Baptisms. — Church organized. — Temple built. —
Gifts manifested — Saints leave Kirtland. — Scenes in Jackson County. —
Extreme Suflfering. — Expulsion. — Memorial to Congress. - 13(5
CHAPTER XXII.
Why the Saints are persecuted. — Persecutions in diflerent ages of the World^
— How Jethro came to Moses. — The Saints locate in Illinois. — A shor''
season of peace. — Hostilities resumed. — Perfldy of the Governor of the
State — Assassination. — The Prophet's testimony that his work was
finished. — The Saints are driven. — Their journey. — War with the remain-
der.— Extracts from Epistle. — Peace. — Perpetual Fund. — Labors of the
Elders. — Publications. — The work of twenty years. — The power of
truth. - - - - - -■ ■ - - - 15S
CHAPTER XXIII.
Explanatory note. — Lorenzo writes to Elder Hyde.— Brightness of natural
scenery.— Spiritual darkness. — A courageous minister. — Inscription
attached to his portrait.— Hymn.— Drudgery. — Expression of gratitude. —
A dream. — First Native ordained to preach. — Ordains Elders Woodard
and Stenhouse to the High Priesthood. — The former to preside in Italy,
the latter in Switzerland. — A Magnificent view. — Reflections. - 168
t;HAPTER XXIV.
Note by Editor.— Elder Woodard writes. — More Baptisms in Italy. — A
singular scene. — A successful experiment. — Ten baptized. — Expressions
from converts. — The Millennial Star speaks. — Encouraging reports. —
Letter from Elder Woodard.— Extract from Elder Stenhouse's letter. —
Opposition re-acts.— Good results. - - - - - 177
CHAPTER XXV.
Onward.— No bounds to Brother Snow's mission.— He looks towards India
and shapes his plans.— Writes to F. D. Richards. — Expresses his views. —
CONTENTS. IX
Brother Woodard writes from Italy. — Brother Stenhouse from Switzer-
land.— Lorenzo visits Wales.— Untimely plaudit. — A Bedlamite night
encounter. — Ultimate fate of the hotel and its Landlord. Page 184
CHAPTEIl XXVI.
Address to the Saints. — Responsibility of those holding the Priesthood. —
Eternal prospects. — The best policy in governing. — Priesthood to be
honored. — By benefiting others we benefit ourselves. — Must pass
through suffering.— Must be pure and humble. — Need patience. — Esti-
mation of F. D. Richards. — His wise policy. — Progress of the mission. —
Expression of gratitude. — The Editor speaks.— Lorenzo's courage and
faithfulness. -------- 19]
CHAPTER XXVII.
Editor's reflections. — Lorenzo writes i to President Richards.— Completed
Translation of the Book of Mormon. — Visits Paris, — Pleasure of meeting
Saints. — Condition of the people, — Goes to Geneva. — Degradation of
woman. — Meets Elder Stenhouse.— Interesting meetings. — At Lausanne.
— Professor Reta —Benefit of Elder Taylor's French publications. 200
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Editor's note. — Lorenzo writes. — Leaves Geneva. — Over the hills.— Over the
Alps. — A heavy snow storm. — Only two passengers in the coach. — Ten
horses barely sufficient. — "Houses of Recovery" erected by the govern-
ment for lost travelers. — Reaches Turin. — Meets Elders Woodard and
Toronto. — Interesting "re-union." — Visions.— ^Healings. — Condition of
Italy. — Brother Woodard's course commendable.— The Waldenses. 2U7
CHAPTER XXIX.
Editor's Remarks. — Lorenzo writes from Malta. — Naples. — Across the Med-
iterranean — Detention. — Disappointed. — Makes virtue of necessity. —
Samnel succeeds his brother. — Lorenzo explains cause of detention —
Revised edition of the "Voice of Joseph." — Prospects in Malta. — Michael
and Lucifer represented. — In Gibraltar. — Good news from India. —
Extracts. — Elder Willis writes. — One hundred and eighty-nine members.
—Ordained two Elders. — More Baptisms. ... . 21I
CHAPTER XXX.
Closing the Mission.— Elder Jabez Woodard writes.— Leaves Malta.— Elde.
Obray succeeds him. — A vision related.— Commendatory of Elder Malan
^Extract from Elder Obray's letter. — From Western Hindostan. — Oppo-
sition.— What a soldier dared. — The result. — Military oppose Mission-
aries.—A Branch organized in Poonah. — The "Voice of Joseph," by
Elder Lorenzo Snow.— "The Only Way to be Saved" republished.— A
remarkable vision. ..._... 222
CHAPTER XXXI.
Close of Mission. — Bids adieu to the Saints and scenes of his labors. — Poem,
in which martial and ecclesiastical labors and lionors are contrasted. —
Ijorenzo returns home. — Chosen Member of Legislature. — President of
Council. — Reflections. — Joy and sorrow. — Vision. — A covenant. — Char-
lotte's death. — Singular manifestation. — A little prattler. — Quandary.—
Solution. — Social party. — Storm. — Drenched. — Lorenzo decides to build.
— A struggle. — Proves a success. ----- 230
CHAPTER XXXII.
Discourse by Elder L. Snow, delivered in the Tabernacle, Salt Lake City.—
Blessings proportioned to faith and diligence. — Plainness of the Gospel.
— Naaman, the Assyrian. — How the Gospel found us. — The same as that
X CONTENTS.
of New Testament. — Power of the Gospel. — Testimony of the Elders. —
What Philanthropists tried to do, the Lord has done. — Joseph Smith. —
His mission. — Obedience brings knowledge. — Elders lionest and brave as
the ancients. — Knowledge not confined to oiir leaders.— Fal.sehood
refuted. — The dishonest will apostatize — Persecution promised. — The
honest Avill receive the truth. —The Latter-day work will triumph. Page 237
CHAPXER XXXIII.
Polysophical Association. — Lorenzo no ane-idea man. — Character of the
Association. — Called to write. — Responded. — Speeches from ten to fifteen
minutes. — Time fully occupied. — How it was accomplished. — Everything
high-toned. — The effect captivating. — ^ Anxiety to become member.'*. — Note
by the Editor. — Nationality. — Where is the place of my nativitv? — Where
is my home? — Not in any European country. — Not even in America. —
Not on earth. — Here I am a stranger. — My home, my nationality in the
courts of immortality. — Address to parents. — Our mutual aim.— "hespon-
sibilities. — Necessity of cultivating children. — What they should be pre-
pared for. — What they are to become. - - . . 251
CHAPTER XXXIV.
How Lorenzo spent the interval. — His next mission. — DifBculties to be over-
come.— Lays out a city. — Description of the premises. — Builds a house. —
President Young visits him. — Introduces a precedent. — Description of it.
— Succeeded by railroads. — Gift of the Gospel. — The Patriarch's promise.
— A sick man. — Faith in Lorenzo's administration. — A handkerchief is
sent, — He blesses and dedicates it. — Is taken to the patient. — Placed upon
him. — He recovers. — A letter. — In memoriam. — To Elder Porter Squires.
— Expressions of gratitude. — Good wishes and blessings. - 260
CHAPTER XXXV.
Necessity of recreation.— Lorenzo anticipates the need of the people. — Pro-
vides a miniature theatre. — How it was managed.— Moves to a new
building.— A windstorfai. — House blown down. — Everything destroyed.
— Discouragement. — President J. Young speaks prophetically.^ His
prophecy fulfilled. — The Dramatic Association organized. — Lorenzo pre-
sides over it. — Bishop McQuarrie speaks. — Relates an incident. — The
Social Hall erected. — Its uses. — Concerning circulating medium.—
Checks as good as gold. — Within reach of all. — Assessment. 267
CHAPTER XXXVI.
Mission to the Sandwich Islands. -Elders called home.— Walter M. Gibson.
— Goes to the Sandwich Islands. — His perfidy. — Lorenzo, with other
Elders, sent to investigate. — Take Stage. — Arrive at a mining town. —
Incident. — New driver. — Favorable impressions. — Sings melodiously. —
Swears blasphemously. — Drives furiously. ^ Perilous predicament. —
Other perils. — Arrive at San Francisco. — At Brother Eveleth's. — Take
steamer. — Arrive near the landing at Lahaina. — Boat upset. — Lorenzo
and the Captain drowned. — Both restored to life.-r-Rejoicing and thanks-
giving. .._.----- 272
CHAPTER XXXVII.
Mission to the Sandwich Islands concluded.— Journey to Lanai.— Mr. Gib-
son.— Pagan superstitions. — Adopted by Miss Gibson. — Mr. Gibson rev-
erenced hy the natives. — His impudence. — Elder J. F. Smith's reply. —
Elder Snow's prophecy.— Gibson cut oft' from Church.— Prophecy ful-
filled.— Sermon on the ship.— An earthquake.— Return home.— Inter-
view with President Young. .... - 281
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
Lorenzo's gigantic movement.— In accordance with President Young's sug-
gestion'.—A social monument.— To be perpetuated.— Letter to Bishop
contp:ntp. XI
Lunt. — Mercantile and Manufacturing Association. — Eftbrt requisite. —
First, Mercliandise. — Second, Tannery. — Third, Woolen Factory. —
Fourth, Dairy. — Fifth, a Horn Stock Herd. — Agricultural Department. —
Hat Factory! — Between thirty and forty industrial branches. — Furnish
employment for all.-^Form of checks. — Labor received for capital stock.
— Organization of the Association. — Directors. — Council. Page 290
CHAPTEll XXXIX.
All was flourishing. — Attaining to Independence. — Factory burned. — Sent a
chill to Lorenzo's heart.— Instead of discouragement it was proof of the
strength of their compact. — Everywhere manifest, even in the Children.
— Union could not be broken. — Impregnability of their Order. — Deseret
News speaks. — Commendatory. — Sympathy. — ^Calamity is proof of the
strength of the Co-operative system. — Determination to rebuild. 298
CHAPTEll XL.
Dedication. — Fourth day of July. — Gratitude andrthanksgiving. — More than
two thousand had suffered loss. — In six months the Factory is rebuilt.
—Great rejoicing. — Dedicatory prayer — Address. — Speeches. — Brigham
City M. and M. Association. — A raid. — Railroad contract. — How a village
sprang up. — An onslaught. — Confuhian ensues. — The Grand Jury issues
indictments. — Men drove to jail in a herd. — Gi-eat excitement. — Superin-
tendent Dunn speaks. — John Merrill in custody. — Handcufi'ed. — Chained
in jail. — Telegrams from the United States President. — How the Judge
received them. — More about Merrill. — Left unguarded and unacquitted.
— About the mill. — Dishonesty of Jurors. — Financial loss. - 300
CHAPTER XLI.
To President F. D. Richards. — Burning of the woolen factory. — In thirty
minutes all consumed. — Foiebodings that the people would be dis-
couraged.— Fears unfounded. — What was done within six months. — The
people superior to the loss. — A raid follows the lire. — An unlawful tax
follows the raid. — Statement of losses. — Business curtailed. — Checks
canceled. — Eleven industrial departments in operation. — The mercantile
flourishing. — Confidence preserved. .... 300
CHAPTER XLII.
Remarks by the Editor.— Lorenzo writes to George Q. Cannon.— Makes sug-
gestions concerning the illegal assessment. — Letter two. — What Lawyer
Sutherland says.— Letter three.— A description of Scrip.— How used. —
Affldavits. — Correspondence. — Joseph F. Smith writes. — Lorenzo
responds. ........ 310
CHAPTER XLIII.
Stake Conference in Brigham City. — President B. Young expected. — Prepara-
tions made.— Flags hoisted.— Conference in Bowery.— Box Elder Stake
re-organized. — Lorenzo calls the officers of the United Order together. —
Nominate officers. — All are accepied. — O. G. Snow to preside. — President
Young's fatherly counsel and blessing. .... 3i<)
CHAPTER XLIV.
Oliver G. Snow speaks. — His maiden speech. — Performs a good deed.—
Called to go to assist the emigiation. — Encounter with Indians. — Mission
to England.— Visits New York.— Arrives in Liverpool.— Goes to Man-
chester.— An incident^ relative to tlie death of Dickens.— ^Oliver attends a
sectarian lecture.— Is challenged.— Attempts to respond. — Is repulsed. —
The priest is disgraced and forsaken. — A visit to Scotland. — Descriptions*
— Return to England. — Incomprehensible dialect. — Released. — Home
again. — Ordained member of High Council.— Marries. — Mission to the
States. — Visits Oberlin. — Ludicrous incident.— Visits his grandmother. —
Preaches her funeral sermon. — At home appointed President of Box
Elder Stake. -......- 321
Xll CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XLV.
Discourse by Elder Lorenzo Snow, delivered in the Tabernacle, S It Lake
City, January 14, 1872 —Progression. — The Fatherhood of God.— The
penectman.— The gifts of the Spirit.— His testimony. - Page 331
CHAPTER XL VI.
Lorenzo's birthday. — A surprise. — His escort. — Enthusiastically greeted. —
Address.— He responds.— Singing "Grandfather'sClock."— A hair picture
presented. — Recitation by the children. — Autograph album presented. —
Tables loaded with luxuries. — Dinner. — Singmg. — Lorenzo makes a
speech. — Parting Hymn. — Dismissal. . _ - - 348
CHAPTER XLYII.
George F. Gibbs. — His parents receive the Gospel. — His early youth. —
Employed in a printing establishment. — How he stood with his asso-
ciates.— Had to fight his way to maintain his integrity. — Honored the
Word of Wisdom. — Drew a prize. — Was highly honored. — Chosen for
out-door preaching. — Compliments his motlaer. — Leaves home for
Liverpool. — Clerk and book-keeper in Liverpool Office. — l<"migrates to
America. — In President B. Young's Office.- Goes to Liverpool Office. —
Works there three years.^Home again. — Anecdote. — Masters Phon-
ography.— Has been and now fs Church Reporter. - - 352
CHAPTER XLYIII.
M. D. Rosenbaum leaves his native country.— In San Francisco. — Goes to
Carson. — A voice speaks to him. — Goes toSalt Lake. — At Elder Neibaur's.
— Baptized.^Called on mission to Germany. — In Berlin. — Attends meet-
ing.— Is arrested.— Tried and sentenced. — Kanished. — Returns home. —
F. H. Snow appointed to a mission. — Reflections. — Strangers marvel. —
What an aftrighted Catholic said.— The captain of the steamer replies. —
An incident. — Tired and hungry. — Why he goes to bed supperless. — A
retort. — What a priest did. — The Channel Islands. — Released and returns
home.^Expression of gratitude. . _ - - . 359
CHAPTER XLIX.
Discourse by Elder Lorenzo Snow, delivered in a meeting of the St. George
Stake of Zion, in the Temple, April 5th, 1877; reported by George F.
Gibbs. — Necessity for effort. — What the Lord said to Oliver Cowdery. —
Regulation of temporal affairs. — Consecration and stewardship. — Prepa-
ration for building in Jackson County. — The United Order.— Plural
marriage. — Responsibility of Presidents. — How confidence is created. —
The necessity of its cultivation. — Desires for the future. - 366
CHAPTER L.
Elijah Box saj's his parents embraced the Gospel in England. — Came to
Nauvoo. — Elijah born in a turbulent time. — Moves to St. Louis. — To the
Bluffs.— To the Valley.— Storm described.— Moves to Brigham City.—
Struggle for an education. — How it is obtained. — Called on mission.— A
great contrast in Liverpool. — Visits relatives.— In London meets with the
Palestine tourists. — How poor Saints manage their Sunday clothing. —
An incident. — Closes mission. — In charge of a company of Saints, leaves
England. — Reflections. — Reaches home.— Engaged in leaching. — Presides
over Improvement Associations. — Counselor to Stake President. 37!)
CHAPTER LI.
George Dunford. — When in his teens wants to earn living. — Decides
on going to sea. — Leaves home without a shilling. — Applies to the
Admiral of the British Navy. — Sent to Rio Janeiro. — Officiates he
steward for the officers. — The brig Curlew ordered to England. — How as
CONTENTS. Xlll
saved ibis means. — Returns home with plenty of money. — Meets
with an Elder.— Convinced of the truth of the Gospel, and is baptized. —
Ordained Elder, presides over two branches. — Emigrates to America. —
Presides over the St, Louis branch. — In mercantile business. — Goes to
California, St, Louis, and settles in Salt Lake City. — Appointed Bishop
of Malad Valley, including six settlements.— After nearly three years, is
released.— Expression of fatherly feeling. - - Page 385
CHAPTER LII.
From the Deseret News. — A re-union. — A dinner. — Speeches.— Songs. —
Expressions of love and union. — Judge Burt reads a lengthy presenta-
tion address. — The editor comments. — The address. — Presents gold
watch and chain to Lorenzo. — A testimonial of love, respect and
confidence. - - - - - -- - 389
CHAPTER LIII.
Chester Loveland a modern Ajax. — Drives the Sherifi" and his posse. — Holds
a mobocratic jury. — Brings them to terms. — Captain in "Nauvoo
Legion." — Comes to Utah. — Goes to Carson. — A scene of suffering, —
Commissioned Probate Judge. — Is left to preside. — Mission to the States. —
John A. McAllister called on mission to Europe. — Interesting time on
the steamer. — Why the "Mormons" were driven from Nauvoo.^Is sent
to the Orkney Islands. — Stops at his uncle's in Glasgow. — Missionary
labors. — In Dundee and Newcastle-on-Tyne. — Visits London. — Returns
home.— Is elected County Recorder. - - - . - 393
CHAPTER LIV.
Discourse by Apostle Lorenzo Snow at the General Conference, Salt Lake
City, April 7, 1882, Reported by George F. Gibbs. — Reference to Moses
and ancient Israel. — Distrusting results the effect of ignorance. — Latter-
day Saints have more faith. — No such thing as standing still. — Move on,
trusting in God, the watchword. — Persecutions of the Latter-day Saints, —
Move on and work on. — If we do our part, God will do His. — How the
Lord overi'uled in our coming to the mountains. — Plural marriage. —
Good resulting from the Edmunds bill. — The great worth of the Gospel.—
Move on, move on. ...._-_ 400
CHAPTER LV.
Eli H. Peirce. — Called on a mission. — Thoughtless of religion. — Taken by
surprise. — Throws aside pipe and novel. — What his associates said. —
What Moses Thatcher did. — Eli starts forthwith.— In New York. — To the
coal regions, Pennsylvania. — Great success. — A testimonial. — Faptizes
and administers to sick. — The power of God attends. — Organizes
branches. — Heavenly messenger appears. — Release. — A second missidn.
— On the frontier. — Baptized a Sioux. — From Deseret News. — A third
mission. — With B. Morris Young. — Meets with success. — Opposition. —
Close of mission. — Happj^ expression. _ . . . 407
CHAPTER LVI.
Alphonso Snow. — Letter from President Taylor. — Called on mission. — In
Tennessee. — Strange dialect. — Travels and preaches. — Organizes a Branch.
— Opposition.— Ordered to leave. — A dastardly letter. — Opposition pro-
motes good. — Professors of religion the persecutors. — What a Deacon
said. — Presides over a Conference. — In Georgia. — Alphonso released. —
Visits relatives. ..-..-. 422
CHAPTER LVII.
Introductory.— Letter from Lorenzo's son-in-law on the Sandwich Islands. —
The weather. — Cane crop. — Five hundred and forty-nine baptisms. —
King David Kalakauna is coming to visit the Saints.— Great preparations
xiv CONTENT^.
for his reception. — Houses decorated. — Inscriptions.— Breakfast is wait-
ing.— The steamer comes. — The King is escorted between two tiles of
men, women and children. — Cheers. — Introductions. — Breakfast, then to
the meeting house. — Reception. — Singing choirs. — Dedication prayer by
President Partridge. — The King speaks approvingly' of the Saints. —
Meeting adjourned. — A "big feast" prepared by the natives. — What
composed of. — How the King was seated. — How he ate. — How they all,
numbering one thousand, ate. — The King escorted to the steamer. — A
national custom. — Splendid conference. — Number of the Saints. Page 427
CHAPTER LVIII.
Expression of appreciation creditable. — Lorenzo speaks of his wives. — Their
nobility. — How he made choice of them. — His earthly prospects. — How
-Ihey accepted the position.— The Editor explains. — Thej' prove superior
to circumstances of trial and hardships.— Are comfortably situated. —
Step forth as mothers in Israel. — Tlieir positions. — Questions to the
defamers of Latter-day Saint women. — Lorenzo's independence of char-
acter.— Where credit is due. — Wife-missions. — Success attributed to
God. — Testimonials of love and respect. - . - . 432
CHAPTER LIX.
Start for Fort Hall Agency. — Meeting in Portage. — In Malad. — Reach the
Reservation. — Meet Indians. — Pitched tent. — With two Bishops Lorenzo
visits the agent. — Describes Mr. Cook. — Lorenzo asks the privilege of
preaching to the Indians. — Prevarication. — An incident. — A discussion. —
Mr. Cook says nothing so much needed as a farmer. — Brother Snow pro-
poses to furnish one. — Mr. Cook will not accept. — Grows uneasy and
will not have preaching. — A grave responsibility. — Mr. Cook shoulders
it. — The school teacher enters and ''brothers" Mr. Cook. — The brethren
start for camp. — Meet Indians. — Visit school. — Little Chief, wife and
daughter. ....-..- 439
CHAPTER LX.
In Bannock Valley. — Happy meeting with Indians. — What Lorenzo said to
fhem. — Lamanite Elders speak. — All shake hands. — Lorenzo describes
the Agency. — What the Secretary of the Interior says. — A comparison
between the two colonies. — The one at Washakie. — How located. — Sunday
School. — Meeting exercises. — How Lamanitesare taught. — How presided
over. — Their Co-operative Store and Sheep Herd. — White families. — A
re-action. — An Adage. — The United States Supreme Court decides. — Tele-
grams to Hon. L. Snow. ..---. 446
CHAPTER LXI.
Circular to the heads of families. — Names of Committees. — Exercises for
Wednesday, a. m. — Wednesday, p. m. — Thursday, p. m. — Friday, p. no. —
Prompt attendance. — Letter from H. A. Hendrickson. — Extracts frona
eastern communications. — Weather propitious. — Children amused.^ — The
hall. — How occupied. — Invited guests. — Table scenes. — Bachelor group. —
The Re-union indescribable. — Article from Deseret News, by C. W.
Penrose. - - - - - -- - 453
CHAPTER LXII.
Our father's birthday. — Prose address by F. H. Snow.— Poem by M. D.
Rosenbaum.— Prose address by G. F.Gibbs. — Poem by O. W. Snow. —
Prose address by A. H. Snow.— Poem by E. R. S. Smith. — Closing
address by Lorenzo Snow. _.---. 465
CHAPTER LXIII.
Births and deaths of our parents.— Their children. — Genealogies of
Lorenzo's wives, children, grandchildren, sons-in-law and daughters-
in-law. — Mary Adaline's children by her first husband. - 488
CONTENTS. XV
LETTER I.
National Monument.— Its construction.— One hundred and eighty marble
statues.— Lofty spire set with thousands of pcems.— Embossed globe.—
Statue of Prince Albert. — Tower of London.— Queen Elizabeth's Armory.
— Torture rooms. — Ann Boleyn. — Earl of Essex. — Lady Jane Grey.
— Executioner's axe. — Instruments of torture. - - Page 498
LETTER II.
At Haarlem. — Two thousand people executed. — Wonderful organ. — A Dutch
wedding. — Amsterdam. — A city on piles. — Formidable army of worms. —
One hundred islands and two hundred and eighty bridges. — Palace on
piles. — Diamond cutting. — Charitable institutions. — Antwerp. — Notre
Dame. — Masterpiece of Rubens. — Royal Palace. — Brussels. — St, Nicho-
las.— Singular marriage. — Roj^al Theatre. — National Palace. 503
'' LETTER III.
Paris. — Visit to Versailles. — Bois de Boulogne. — St. Cloud. — Attend the
National Assembly. — French glory. — Interview with the President of the
French Republic. — Paris Meginter speaks of the Party. - 509
LETTER IV.
From Paris to Lyons. — Burgundy and its wines. — Famous towns. — Lyons
and its silk industries. — Weaving portraits. — Ampitheatre eighteen
hundred years old. — Olive plantations and vineyards.-^At Venice. —
Genoa. — Statue of Columbus. — The cathedral of St. Lorenzo. — Chain
that bound John the Baptist. — Turin. — Milan. — Cathedral of our blessed
Lady, the grandest religious edifice in the world. — Attend high mass. —
Arrive in Venice, the City of Waters. - - - - 51
LETTER V.
Rome and its population. — The seven hills. — Excavations by the Govern-
ment.— The Forum. — Antony and Julius Caesar. — Where Virginius
stabbed his daughter. — Famous obelisks. — Temple of Venus. — The Tar-
peian Rock. — St. Peter's. — Call on the American minister. — The Vatican.
— Michael Angelo. — Paul III. — Appian Way. — Seneca. — Baths. — Foot-
prints of the Savior. — Naples. — Mount Vesuvms. - - 518
LETTER VI.
Naples. — Beggars. — Pompeii. — Earthquakes. — Herculanseum. — Museum. —
"Secret Cabinet." — Ascent of Vesuvius. — Pliny tlie Elder. — From Naples
to Briudisi. — Hardworking women. — Corfu. — Religious service in a
Greek cathedral. — Take steamer for Alexandria. — Egypt. — Turkish
mosques. — Copts. — Mohammedan schools. — Male and Female attire. —
Dervish worship. — Suez. — Red Sea. . - - - - 525
LETTER Yil.
Jatfa.— Traveling arrangement. — Place wliere the Ark was built. — House of
Simon the Tanner. — Mohammedan fuueral ceremony, — Plains of
Sharon. — A niglit in the desert. — Battlefield of David and Goliath. — Rose
of Sharon.— Mount Zion. — Mount of Olives, — Jerusalem,- - Rachel's
Tomb. — Solomon's Pools. — Church of the Nativity. — Studio of St.
Jerome. — Shefjlierds' field, — Jordan River. — Dead Sea. - 532
LETTER VIII.
Jordan River. — Sacred localities. — Fountain of Elisha. — Brook Cherith. —
Plains of Jericho. — i:ethany. — Residence of Mary and Martha. — Tomb
of Lazarus. — Garden of Gethsemane. — Hill of evil counsel. — Mizpah. —
Valley of Jehoshaphat.— Absalom's Pillar. — Mosque of Omar.— Solo-
mon's Temple. — Mount Moriah. — Worship of Moloch. — Place of
LaiQentation, - - - -- r - - 539
XVI CONTENTS.
LETTER IX.
At Athens. — Plains of Attica. — Hill of Mars. — Galilee. — Scriptural remi-
niscences.— Fountain of Dan. — Cesarea Philippi. — Damascus. — An unfor-
tunate Architect, ------ Page 546
LETTER X.
Famous Scripture locality. — Village of robbei's. — Battlefield of Palestine. —
Mounts Tabor and Hermon. — Nazareth. — The Holy Groito. — Table of
Christ.— Arab plows. — Cana of Galilee. — Arab school.— Sea of Galilee. —
Tiberias. — Bedouin spinsters. — Residence of Mary Magdalene. — Sere-
naded by Bedouins. — Backsheesh. ----- .55;^
LETTER XI.
The Stone of Unction.— The Holy Sepulchre.— The Chapel of the Angel. —
Hill of Calvary. — The hole in which the Cross was planted. — House of
Pilate. — "Behold the Man!" — The true Cross. — A terrible Massacre. —
Turkish Guards. — Christianity despised by Jews and Mohammedans. —
Farewell to .Jerusalem. — Gala day. — Arab Agi'iculture. — Shechem. —
Ferocious People. — The Olive. — Samaria. - - . 558
LETTER XII.
Beyrout. — Protestant college and schools. — Embark for Constantinople. —
Island of Cyprus. — Mount Olympus. — Sea of Marmora. — Arrival at the
Turkish Metropolis. — Greek Independence Day. — At Athens. — Classical
ruins. — Peculiar Greek customs. — Funeral ceremonj'. - - 564
LETTER XIII.
Munich. — Visit to a Royal Palace. — Statue of Bavaria. — Imperial Wedding. —
Vienna. — The Arsenal. — Summer Palace. — The Great Exhibition. —
Berlin.— Royal Palace.— Banquet Hall. — Monuments.— U. S. Minister.—
" Parliament. — Soldiers. — Moral condition of Berlin. — Hamburg. — In
London. - -- ----- 572
LETTER XIV.
At St. Louis. — Fine scenery. —Visit relatives. — Poem. — Obtain genealogies. —
Acknowledgment. .--.--. 579
LETTER XV.
Home again. — Reception by friends. - - - - - 581
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
AND
FAMILY RECORD
OF
LORENZO SNOW.
CHAPTER I.
Lorenzo Snow's Birth and Parentage — Parents settled in Ohio. — Hardships
and Privations. — Their Hospitality.— Lorenzo's early Characteristics. —
Fondness for Books. — Military Aims. — Change in Pursuits. — Starts for
Oberlin College.— Falls in Company with David W. Patten. — Conversa-
tion.— In College. — Eliza Embraces the Gospel. — Moves to Kirtland. —
How she obtained a House and Lot. — Lorenzo in College.— Investigates.
— Is disgusted — Writes to Eliza, — Her Invitation. — He accepts and comes
to Kirtland.— Studies Hebrew.— Is Baptized. — How he receives the Holy
Ghost.
ORENZO SNOW, son of Oliver and Rosetta L. Petti-
bone Snow, was born April 3, 1814, in Mantua,
Portage County, Ohio. Our father was a native of
Massachusetts, our mother of Connecticut, and were descend-
ants of the genuine Puritan stock — those who fled from
religious persecution in the "old world," and landed on
Plymouth Rock, of historic celebrity.
Early in the settlement of that portion of country now
known as the Middle States, our parents, with their family,
consisting of two daughters, Leonora Abigail, and Eliza
i AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
Roxcy, (the writer of this history,) left the home of their
youth, and moved to what was at that period considered the
extreme West, or, as it was sometimes styled, "the jumping
off place," and settled in Mantua, Portage County, Ohio,
making the eleventh family in the township. There two
daughters and three sons were added to the family, to wit:
Amanda Percy, Melissa, Lorenzo, Lucius Augustus, and
Samuel Pearce.
. Many times, and with intense interest, have their chil-
dren listened to recitals of the hardships our parents encoun-
tered, and the privations they endured in that new and
heavily timbered country, so very forbidding when compared
with the beautiful prairie landscapes of the West. But as
true and worthy representatives of our noble ancestors, our
parents were proof against discouragement, surmounted
every difficulty, and through the blessing of God on their
efforts, created for themselves and their children an enviable
home.
In their religious faith our parents were by profession
Baptists, but not of the rigid, iron-bedstead order; their house
was a resort for the good and intelligent of all denominations,
and their hospitality was proverbial. Thus, as their children
grew up they had ample opportunities for forming acquaint-
ances with the erudite of all religious persuasions.
Without the least shadow of vanity we can truly say of
our parents, their integrity was unimpeachable, and they
were trustworthy in all the social relations and business trans-
actions of life; and carefully trained their children to habits
of industry, economy, and strict morality, and extended to
them the best facilities for scholastic education the country at
that time afforded.
Although a farmer by occupation, father was much
abroad on public business, and Lorenzo, being the eldest of
the three brothers, was left in charge, and early in life became
accustomed to responsibilities, which he discharged with scru-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 3
pulous punctuality and that inflexibility of purpose which
ensures success; and from early childhood exhibited the
energy and decision of character which have marked his
progress in subsequent life. An unseen hand evidently was
guiding him, for in his boyhood he was energetically, yet
unconsciously, preparing for the position in life he was des-
tined to occupy. Ever a student, at home as well as in school,
(most of his schooling after his twelfth year was during the
winter terms,) his book was his constant companion when
disengaged from filial duties; and when sought by his asso-
ciates, ^'Md up loith his book" became proverbial. With the
exception of one term in a High School in Ravenna, Ohio,
also a special term of tuition under a Hebrew professor, he
completed his scholastic training in Oberlin College, which at
that time was exclusively a Presbyterian institution. Through
the solicitation of an intimate friend, connected with the col-
lege, he was induced to enter, and through whose influence,
as a special favor, he was admitted.
Although religiously trained from infancy, up to this
time my brother had devoted little or no attention to the
subject of religion, at least not sufficiently to decide in prefer-
ence of any particular sect.
In the progress of his development, his ambition strongly
led in the direction of military distinction, so much so, that,
watching with a sisterly, jealous eye, the steps one by one, by
which he gained promotion in the military road to honor, I
feared lest in the course of human events his path might lead
to the battle field, and his earthly career prematurely close on
a gory bed. I frequently plead, entreated, and at times
exhausted my stock of persuasion, but without effect.
At length he must have a first class military suit, and no
one could make it so precisely to his liking as his sister; she
had made his "freedom suit" (at the time referred to he had
passed his twenty-first year), which every one admired — it
fitted him exactly, and now this most important of all mortal
4 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
habiliments should be entrusted to no other. I made the
suit — it was beautiful, magnificent, and my brother donned it
with as much, if not of military pride, of self-satisfaction as
ever Napoleon won a battle, but it proved of short duration,
for he soon felt that his ambition could not be satisfied with-
out a collegiate education. Determined on this, he laid his
military ambition on the altar, disposed of his paternal
inheritance, and started for Oberlin. His classical purpose
was very satisfactory to my views — forming a permanent
quietus to my imaginary forebodings.
On his way to Oberlin, my brother accidentally fell in
company with David W. Patten, an incident to which he fre-
quently refers as one of those seemingly trivial occurrences in
human life which leave an indelible trace. This gentleman
was an early champion of the fulness of the Gospel as taught
by Jesus and His Apostles in the meridian of time, and
revealed in our own day through the Prophet Joseph Smith;
to which cause Elder Patten fell a martyr on- the 24th of
October, 1838, in Missouri, during the terrible scenes of perse-
cution through which the Latter-day Saints passed in that
State. He possessed a mind of deep thought and rich intelli-
gence. In conversation with him, my brother was much im-
pressed with the depth and beauty of the philosophical reason-
ing with which this inspired Elder seemed perfectly familiar,
as he descanted on the condition of the human family in con-
nection with the sayings of the ancient Prophets, as recorded
in the Scriptures — the dealings with, and the purposes of God
in relation to His children on the earth. From that time a
new field, with a new train of reflections, was open to my
brother's mind, the impress of which has never been erased.
We will now leave the subject of these sketches, in Ober-
lin, clubbed with three or four of his classmates, alternately
cooking their meals and pursuing their studies with combined
energies, while we digress in order to form a connecting link
in our narrative.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 5
Having been thoroughly convinced of the authenticity of
the Gospel in its purity as revealed through Joseph Smith, I
was baptized on the fifth of April, 1835, and in the autumn
of the same year, left my father's house and united my
interest with the Latter-day Saints in Kirtland, Ohio.
Soon after my arrival, I sent for the " Building Committee
of the Kirtland Temple," and, on my asking them if they
would like a little money, they replied that they had a pay-
ment to make soon, and did not know where the means was
coming from. I do not recollect how much I gave them;
however, it was sufficient to cover the present liability of the
committee, who felt greatly relieved, and proposed to send me
their note of hand for the amount, I told them that I did
not want a note — they were welcome to the money: however,
they sent the note, and some time after wished me to accept a
house and lot — thus redeeming their note. The lot was a
very valuable one — situated near the Temple, with fruit trees
— an excellent spring of water, and a house that accommo-
dated two families. It was truly an enviable situation, and,
although I was teaching the Prophet's family school, and had
my home with them, my eldest sister, a widow with two chil-
dren, wanted a home in Kirtland, and I rented one part of
the house while she occupied the other. In all this, the hand
of God was too plainly visible to be mistaken, as will be
manifest in the following events.
Now to our narrative: So intimately was my brother
associated while in college, with professors and students, that
he became thoroughly acquainted with the profession and
the practice of the denomination by which that popular insti-
tution was controlled; and, although he cherished very friendly
regards for the people, he was unfavorably impressed with
their system of religion, A short time before leaving Oberlin,
he wrote, asking me many questions concerning revealed
religion, at the same time saying, "i/ there is nothing better than
is to be found here in Oberlin College, good bge to all religions."
6 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
I answered his questions, and knowing he intended
crowning his studies with a thorough knowledge of Hebrew,
invited him to come to Kirtland at the close of his term in
Oberlin, as a school was soon to commence there, under the
tuition of an able Hebrew professor, for the sole study of that
language. Accordingly he came, but not with the most dis-
tant idea of embracing the faith of the Latter-day Saints, of
which were most of the Hebrew students, with whom, includ-
ing Apostles and the Prophet Joseph, he became familiarly
associated; and while he studied the dead language of the
ancient Hebrews, his mind also drank in, and his heart
became imbued with the living faith of the everlasting Gos-
pel— "the faith once delivered to the" ancient "saints," and
not many weeks passed after his arrival, before he was bap-
tized into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
What a marvelous change crossed the path of the young
aspirant! This one act of stepping into the waters of bap-
tism, with its accompanying ordinance of the laying on of
hands for the reception of the Holy Ghost, by authorized
administrators, opened up a new world before him. He now
sees with a changed and vastly enlarged vision — having been
invested with an additional, a sixth sense, a sense which com-
prehends the things of God — which penetrates into futurity
and estimates eternal values.
How wonderfully changed all his youthful aims! How
suddenly they sink into insignificance! How extended the
sphere of his youthful anticipations! How glorious — how
exalted the motive power, the incentive that now prompts his
youthful ambition! Instead of earthly military renown, he
now enters the arena for championship with the armies of
heaven — the achievements of the Gods, crowned with the
laurels of eternity, everlasting glory, honor and eternal lives.
Not to be armed with carnal weapons, and to be decked with
glittering badges and costly equipage, to march forth in the
pomp and pride of battle array, for the shedding of human
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 7
blood: but to go "forth without purse or scrip," clothed in
the power of the Gospel of the Son of God, wielding the
sword of the Spirit of the Almighty, he now takes the field
to battle with the powers of darkness, priestcraft, superstition,
and wickedness, until the kingdoms of this world shall
become the kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.
In my brother's journal I find the following incidents
recorded by himself:
I was baptized by Elder John Boynton, then one of the
Twelve Apostles, June, 1836, in Kirtland, Ohio. Previous to
accepting the ordinance of baptism, in my investigations of
the principles taught by the Latter-day Saints, which I proved,
by comparison, to be the same as those mentioned in the New
Testament taught by Christ and His Apostles, I was thoroughly
convinced that obedience to those principles would impart
miraculous powers, manifestations and revelations. With
sanguine expectation of this result, I received baptism and
the ordinance of laying on of hands by one who professed to
have divine authority; and, having thus yielded obedience to
these ordinances, I was in constant expectation of the fulfil-
ment of the promise of the reception of the Holy Ghost.
The manifestation did not immediately follow my bap-
tism, as I had expected, but, although the time was deferred,
when I did receive it, its realization was more perfect, tangible
and miraculous than even my strongest hopes had led me to
anticipate.
Some two or three weeks after I Avas baptized, one day
while engaged in my studies, I began to reflect upon the fact
that I had not obtained a knowledge of the truth of the work —
that I had not realized the fulfilment of the promise "he that
doeth my will shall know of the doctrine," and I began to
feel very uneasy. I laid aside my books, left the house, and
wandered around through the fields under the oppressive
influence of a gloomy, disconsolate spirit, while an indes-
cribable cloud of darkness seemed to envelop me. I had
8 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
been accustomed, at the close of the day, to retire for secret
prayer, to a grove a short distance from my lodgings, but at
this time I felt no inclination to do so. The spirit of prayer
had departed and the heavens seemed like brass over my
head. At length, realizing that the usual time had come for
secret prayer, I concluded I would not forego my evening*
service, and, as a matter of formality, knelt as I was in the
habit of doing, and in my accustomed retired place, but not
feeling as I was wont to feel.
I had no sooner opened my lips in an efifort to pray, than
I heard a sound, just above my head, like the rustling of
silken robes, and immediately the Spirit of God descended
upon me, completely enveloping my whole person, filling me,
from the crown of my head to the soles of my feet, and O, the
joy and happiness I felt! No language can describe the
almost instantaneous transition from a dense cloud of mental
and spiritual darkness into a refulgence of light and knowl-
edge, as it was at that time imparted to my understanding.
I then received a perfect knowledge that God lives, that Jesus
Christ is the Son of God, and of the restoration of the holy
Priesthood, and the fulness of the Gospel. It was a complete
baptism — a tangible immersion in the heavenly principle or
element, the Holy Ghost; and even more real and physical in
its effects upon every part of my system than the immersion
by water; dispelling forever, so long as reason and memory
last, all possibility of doubt or fear in relation to the fact
handed down to us historically, that the "Babe of Bethlehem"
is truly the Son of God; also the fact that He is now being
revealed to the children of men, and communicating knowl-
edge, the same as in the Apostolic times. I was perfectly sat-
isfied, as well I might be, for my expectations were more than
realized, I think I may safely say in an infinite degree.
I cannot tell how long I remained in the full flow of the
blissful enjoyment and divine enlightenment, but it was
several minutes before the celestial element which filled and
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 9
surrounded me began gradually to withdraw. On arising
from my kneeling posture, with my heart swelling with grati-
tude to Grod, beyond the power of expression, I felt — I kneio
that He had conferred on me what only an omnipotent being
can confer — that which is of greater value than all the wealth
and honors worlds can bestow. That night, as I retired to
rest, the same wonderful manifestations were repeated, and
continued to be for several successive nights. The sweet
remembrance of those glorious experiences, from that time to
the present, bring them fresh before me, imparting an inspir-
ing influence which pervades my whole being, and I trust wdll
to the close of my earthly existence.
CHAPTER II.
A Blessing Meeting. — Lorenzo's Opinion of the Patriarch. — The Patriarch's
Marvelous Prediction. — Lorenzo is Puzzled. — Explained to him by-
Revelation. — Lorenzo in Kirtland. — Fast-day Meetings. — Outpouring of
the Spirit. — Gifts Manifested. — Lorenzo's First Speech from the Pulpit. —
Description of the Temple. — Fast Meetings. — A Striking Incident. —
Effect of the Meetings on Lorenzo's Mind. — Wants to Preach. — Is
Ordained an Elder.
lEING present at a "Blessing Meeting," in the Temple,
previous to his baptism into the Church; after listen-
ing to several patriarchal blessings pronounced upon
the heads of different individuals with whose history he was
acquainted, and of whom he knew the Patriarch was entirely
ignorant; he was struck with astonishment to hear the pecu-
liarities of those persons positively and plainly referred to in
their blessings. And, as he afterwards expressed, he was con-
vinced that an influence, superior to human prescience, dic-
tated the words of the one who officiated.
10 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
The Patriarch was the father of Joseph, the Prophet.
That was the first time Lorenzo had met him. After the
services, they were introduced, and Father Smith said to my
brother that he would soon be convinced of the truth of the
latter-day work, and be baptized; and he said: "You will
become as great as you can possibly wish — even as great as
God, and you cannot wish to be greater."
Unenlightened as his mind was at the time, the forego-
ing saying of the Patriarch was a puzzle which my brother
could not comprehend, as will be seen by the following expres-
sion from his journal:
The old gentleman's prediction, that I should ere long be
baptized, was strange to me, for I had not cherished a thought
of becoming a member of the "Mormon" Church; but when
he uttered the last clause, I was confounded. That, to me,
was a big saying, and, I then thought, approaching almost to
blasphemy. And why not? After years of study and dili-
gent search after knowledge, in that which most intimately
concerned me — "From whence came I?" "Why am I
here?" "What is my future destiny?" In all this, I was
profoundly ignorant. As yet I had received no key that
could unlock those mysteries — that could make known,
to my satisfaction, my relationship to Him who controls the
universe.
I looked at Father Smith, and silently asked myself the
question : Can that man be a deceiver? His every appear-
ance answered in the negative. At first sight, his presence
impressed me with feelings of love and reverence. I had
never seen age so prepossessing. Father Joseph Smith, the
Patriarch, was indeed a noble specimen of aged manhood.
But with all my favorable impressions of the Patriarch,
that big saying was a dark parable. The prediction that I
should soon be baptized was fulfilled in two weeks from the
time it was spoken, and in about four years from that time I
was reminded of the foregoing prediction by a very wonder-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 11
ful revelation on the subject in which the principle, as well
as the promise, was made clear to my understanding as the
sun at noonday.
My brother spent most of the winter of 1837-8 in Kirt-
land, where he witnessed many marvelous manifestations of
the power of God; also exhibitions of the power and opposi-
tion of the adversary. During the time he became intimately
acquainted with Joseph Smith, the Prophet, and with his
father, the Patriarch — with the Twelve Apostles and other
leading men in the Church. In his journal he speaks of the
fast meetings, prayer and testimony meetings in the Temple,
as follows:
There we had the gift of prophecy — the gift of tongues —
the interpretation of tongues — visions and marvelous dreams
were related — the singing of heavenly choirs was heard, and
wonderful manifestations of the healing power, through the
administrations of the Elders, were witnessed. The sick were
healed — the deaf made to hear — the blind to see and the lame
to walk, in very many instances. It was plainly manifest
that a sacred and divine influence — a spiritual atmosphere
pervaded that holy edifice. Yes, indeed, for the Son of God,
in His glory, had honored it with His royal presence. His
voice, like the sound of many waters, was heard, saying:
I am the first and the last, I am he who liveth, I am he thai
was sialyl, lam your advocate with the Father. * * * Jjct
the hearts of your brethren rejoice, and let the hearts of all my
people rejoice, u^ho have, with their might, built this house to my
name. .
For behold, I have accepted this house, and my name shall be
here, and I loill manifest myself to my people in mercy in this
house, etc. (See Doctrine and Covenants.)
No language can describe my feelings when, for the first
time, I stood up in one of those pulpits to address an audi-
ence— a pulpit on the breastwork of which, only a short time
before, this holy Personage stood — "his hair as ivhite as pure
12 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
snoio, his eyes as a fiame of fire" — where also Moses, Elias and
Elijah came and committed the keys of their dispensations to
Joseph Smith. (Here the journal closes for the present.)
Public meetings were regularly held in the Temple, after
its dedication, on Sundays; and on the first Thursday in each
month a fast meeting, commencing at or before 10 a.m., and
closing at 4 p.m. The Temple was so constructed, that with
white canvas curtains, which could be dropped and raised at
pleasure, the lower story was, whenever occasion required,
divided into four sections or apartments. This was invariably
done at those fast meetiugs. The two sets of pulpits, one on
the east and the other on the west end of the building, were
intersected by the curtain extending from east to west, so as
to leave half their lengths in each apartment, and they were
occupied by the presiding officers who directed the services.
Thus four separate meetings were in session at the same time,
without, in the least, interfering with each other — giving
opportunity for four to exercise instead of one.
On the aforementioned days. Father Smith (the Prophet's
father) was in the habit of entering the Temple very early in
the morning, and there offering up his prayers to God, in that
holy place, before the rising of the sun, after having told the
Saints, publicly, that they were welcome to come as early as
they pleased. The result was that many assembled before the
hour of 10 a.m., and did not leave till after 4 p.m.
Father Smith, in the capacity of his calling as President,
gave general counsel and instructions on fast day; recom-
mending that the greater portion of the forenoon should be
spent in prayer, with testimonies of manifestations of the
power of God, and with exhortations to faithfulness. At
about 3 p.m. he would order the curtains to be drawn up —
bringing the four congregations into one, over which he then
presided until the close of the meeting.
The Saints were humble, and through our united faith,
the Spirit of God was poured out in copious effusion, and, for
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 13
one hour, we enjoyed pentecostal refreshings from on high.
On these occasions the gifts of the Gospel were powerfully
manifest — speaking and singing in tongues, the interpretation
of tongues, the gift of healing and of prophecy, were freely
exercised. These monthly fast meetings were so interesting,
and so very enjoyable, that people came long distances to
attend them.
At one of these meetings, an insane woman came into the
quarter of the house where I had convened; she came before
the opening services, and her tongue ran incessantly, making
so much confusion as to render it improper, if not impossible,
for the presiding Elder to commence religious services. The
more she was coaxed and supplicated to be silent the more
impetuous she became. At length. Elder John P. Greene, who
was appointed to preside in that department, requested the
congregation to kneel down and all simultaneously pray to
God, vocally, that the evil spirit which was actuating that
woman might be bound. The request was immediately com-
plied with, and when we arose from our kneeling position
Brother Greene, addressing the unfortunate woman (who was
then silent), said: "Sister, you may now speak, for thou wilt
not speak unless thou shalt speak by the Spirit of God." She
instantly arose to her feet, and, in a sputtering, stammering
manner, tried to speak but could not, and flew out of the
Temple like a dart, and we saw no more of her that day.
I will relate one more remarkable circumstance which
transpired in that interesting season — a circumstance which
was not confined to either section of the Temple, but was wit-
nessed by the many who were congregated on that day; and
certainly all now living who were present on that occasion
will remember. It is a testimony of answer to prayer that
never can be forgotten. Father Smith presided over the meet-
ing in the northwest section of the Temple, and after the meet-
ing was opened by singing, he was -mouth in prayer, and in
course of supplication he very earnestly prayed that the Spirit
14 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
of God might be poured out as on the day of Pentecost — that
it might come "as a rushing mighty wind." Some time after,
in the midst of the exercises of the forenoon, it did come; and
whether Father Smith had forgotten what he had prayed for,
or whether in the fervency of his heart, when praying he did
not realize what he prayed for, I never ascertained ; but when
the sound came and filled the house, with an expression of
great astonishment he raised his eyes, exclaiming, "What! Is
the house on fire?" But presently he comprehended the cause
of his alarm, and was filled with unspeakable joy.
In attending these meetings, and listening to the young
Elders as they bore testimonies of their marvelous experiences
in the work of God, my brother became inspired with a strong
desire to engage at once in the labors of the ministry. On
this subject he says:
The testimonies of young missionaries as they rehearsed
their experiences as laborers in the vineyard, proclaiming the
joyful news that God was again speaking to His children on
the earth ; that He had raised up a Prophet through whom He
vas communicating His will, and calling on all the inhab-
itants of the earth to "repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at
hand," stirred within me an irresistible desire to join in the
glorious ignterprise.
About this time a proclamation of the First Presidency
was given from the stand, inviting those who wished to
become members of the Elders' Quorum to present their
names, and if accounted worthy by the Presidency, they
should be ordained. With many others, I submitted my
name for approval or otherwise, which is the only time in my
life that I have offered my name for or solicited an office or
calling.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 15
CHAPTER III.
My Brother started on Mission.— Without Purse or Scrip.— Hard work to
Beg.— Affectionate Aunt.— First Meeting in Medina County, Ohio.—
Baptisms. — Preaches in Court House. — Ludicrous Anecdote.— Visits
Relatives.— Preaches to Schoolmates. — Baptizes some of them.
SHORT time after my ordination and reception into the
Elders' quorum, i. e., early in the spring of 1837, I
shouldered my valise and started out like the ancient
missionaries, "without purse or scrip," on foot and alone, to
proclaim the restoration of the fulness of the Gospel of the
Son of God, and to bear witness of what I had seen and
heard, and of the knowledge I had received by the inspiration
of the Holy Ghost.
It was, however, a severe trial to my natural feelings of
independence to go without purse or scrip — especially the
purse; for, from the time I was old enough to work, the feel-
ing that I "paid my way" always seemed a necessary adjunct
to self respect, and nothing but a positive knowledge that God
requiredit now, as He did anciently of His servants, the Dis-
ciples of Jesus, could induce me to go forth dependent on my
fellow creatures for the common necessaries of life. But my
duty in this respect was clearly made known to me, and I
determined to do it.
I walked upwards of twenty miles the first day, and stayed
over night with Mrs. Granger, my father's sister. She was a
devoted Presbyterian, and a noble hearted woman; she
thought very highly of my father's family, and that there
must be something valuable in "Mormonism" or they would
not have embraced it. She held me in so great esteem that
she could not believe that I would suffer the same abuse, be
maltreated and refused accommodation as other "Mormon"
16 AUTOBIOGKAPHY.
Elders. I differed in opinion, and told her I thought I need
xiot expect to travel a smoother path than my brethren. The
following morning I left my aunt and her hospitable roof, and
traveled about thirty miles, and just as the sun was setting I
made my tirst call for a night's lodging, as a "Mormon" Elder,
and was refused; then another, and so on, until the eighth
call, when I was admitted to a night's lodging — going to bed
supperless, and leaving in the morning, minus a breakfast.
. The first meeting I held was in the neighborhood of my
uncle, by the name of Goddard, near the county seat of
Medina County, Ohio. The people were notified and a
respectable congregation assembled. It was a sore trial to
face that audience in the capacity of a preacher, but I
believed and felt an assurance that a Spirit of inspiration
would prompt and give me utterance. I had sought by
prayer and fasting — I had humbled myself before the Lord,
calling on Him in mighty prayer to impart the power and
inspiration of the holy Priesthood; and when I stood before
that congregation, although I knew not one word I could say,
as soon as I opened my mouth to speak, the Holy Ghost
rested mightily upon me, filling my mind with light and
communicating ideas and proper language by which to
impart them. The people were astonished and requested
another meeting.
After the second meeting the court house was ofifered me,
which I accepted, and had a very interesting time,^ and was
treated very courteously by several of the officials. I bap-
tized and confirmed into the Church my uncle, aunt and
several of my cousins, of whom Adaline was one, who after-
wards became my wife.
I traveled and preached during the following summer
and autumn, in diff'erent parts of Ohio, baptizing quite a
number — always traveling on foot, "without purse or scrip,"
and often meeting with trying and sometimes amusing cir-
cumstances.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 17
When at the house of Brother Smith, in Stark Comity,
Ohio, I dreamed one night that arrangements were in pro-
gress to mob me. The following evening after I had the
dream, as T sat conversing with friends who had called on
me, a loud rap at the door preceded the entrance of two well
dressed young men, who politely invited me to accompany
them to a school house about one mile distant, and address an
audience already assembled. After a little hesitation on my
part, they began to urgently request my acceptance of their
invitation, when the dream of the preceding night instanta-
neously flashed across my mind, and I told them that I could
not comply with their wishes. They still persisted to urge
and insist on my accompanying them. When they were con-
vinced that I was immovable in my determination of non-
compliance, they not only manifested disappointment, but
were exceedingly angry.
The next day I learned that they told the truth so far as
a congregated audience waiting my appearance at the school
house was concerned, but the object was entirely different
from that reported by the young men — it corresponded pre-
cisely with my dream.
On one occasion (having been joined by Brother A. But-
terfield) I called at a hotel for our night's lodging, I think, in
Stark County, Ohio. As we approached the house, we saw
the landlord standing upon the porch. Accosting him, I told
him we were Mormon preachers, traveling as the Elders in
former times, and asked him if- he would be so kind as to
accommodate us with supper and a night's lodging. He very
gruffly refused, saying he kept travelers for their money — not
for Gospel pay; and advised us to go home, get employment,
earn money, then give him a call, and he would be happy to
entertain us. I replied that inasmuch as he had met our
request with a decided refusal, we would bid him a good
evening. But as I was turning to go, it forcibly occurred to
me to say something further. Therefore, I said to him, My
3
18 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
friend, it is not our wish to crowd ourselves upon you, but we
think it might be well for you to know the fact that two ser-
vants of God have called upon you for a supper and night's
lodging, which you have thought proper to refuse. The
future results of what you have done you do not now know;
but we know, and a time will come when you also will
know. When that Scripture is fulfilled which says, "When
the Son of Man shall come in His glory, and all the holy
angels with Him, then shall He sit upon the throne of His
glory: and before Him shall be gathered all nations: and He
shall separate them as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the
goats." "Then shall the King say unto them on His right
hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom
prepared for you from the foundation of the w^orld, for I was
hungry, and ye fed me; I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink;
I was a stranger, and ye took me in: naked, and ye clothed
me." "Then shall the righteous say. Lord, when saw we
Thee hungry and fed Thee? Or when saw we Thee a stranger
and took Thee in? Then shall the King say to them, Inas-.
much as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my
brethren, ye have done it unto me." When this event takes
place, you will be there with us, and you will then know that
we were the servants of God, commissioned to preach His
Gospel, and when engaged in this work, we asked you to
administer to our necessities, and you turned us away. This
is all I wished to say: we will now go. Good night.
The gentleman seemed struck with amazement, and at a
loss what to say Or do. AVe had not proceeded far, however,
before our ears were saluted with "Stop, gentlemen, hold on —
you need not go off vidd — your talk is all stuff and nonsense:
but you have plenty of money, I'll be bound. Turn back,
gentlemen, walk in — walk in." Of course, we turned back
and walked in, and were invited to sit down to a good supper,
after which the neighbors were called in, who, with' the land-
lord and family, listened- attentively and with apparent
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 19
interest to our preaching. We had excellent lodging and a
good breakfast in the morning, and left without a question
whether we had money or not.
The journal continues: I had a strong desire to make
known the way of life as God had revealed in plainness, to
my relatives, friends and associates. For that purpose I vis-
ited my native town and had the privilege of preaching in
the school houses, and was offered the town house, in which I
met a large audience, and had the pleasure of addressing
many of my school fellows and the neighbors of my parents,
among whom I had been associated from childhood. How
muchsoever I craved the privilege, and hailed with gratitude
to God this opportunity, it was a trying position. I was well
aware that the principles of the everlasting Gospel, which I
estimated dearer than my mortal life, were in contrast to the
creeds of the day, to which many of my friends adhered with
unyielding tenacity. I was listened to. with respectful atten-
tion, and although many of my audience acknowledged their
belief in my sincerity; with few exceptions, my testimony
was unheeded. I had the satisfaction, however, of baptizing
some of my schoolmates, who bore testimony that they
received a knowledge of the truth of the work by revelation,
through the reception of the Holy Ghost.
I addressed a large congregation in the meeting house, in
the town of Aurora, adjoining my native town; also in
Auburn, Geauga County, in a school house, mostly filled by
my relatives — my grandfather, uncles, aunts, and cousins.
While on this mission, I traveled in various parts of the
State of Ohio, and during the time baptized many persons
who have remained faithful to the truth. The Lord was with
me, and I was greatly blessed in performing my arduous labors.
20 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER IV.
A change — Great Apostacy. — Disaffection creeps into every Quorum. — Pride
and speculation. — Apostates claim the Temple. — Warren Parrish a ring-
leader.—A fearful, terrible scene in the Temple. — The scene described. —
What occurred the next Day. — "Very interesting Court scene. — John
Boynton portrayed. — Joseph and Sidney flee for their lives. — Father
Snaith served with State's Warrant. — How he escaped. — Luke Johnson
befriends him. — Luke's death.
URING the time my brother was on this, his first mission,
a great change had been going on in Kirtland, in the
midst of the Saints. A spirit of speculation had crept
into the hearts of some of the Twelve, and nearly, if not
every quorum was more or less infected. Most of the Saints
were poor, and now prosperity was dawning upon them — the
Temple was completed, and in it they had been recipients of
marvelous blessings, and many who had been humble and
faithful to the performance of every duty — ready to go and
come at every call of the Priesthood, were getting haughty in
their spirits, and lifted up in the pride of their hearts. As
the Saints drank in the love and spirit of the world, the Spirit
of the Lord withdrew from their hearts, and they were filled
with pride and hatred toward those who maintained their
integrity. They linked themselves together in an opposing
party — pretended that they constituted the Church, and
claimed that the Temple belonged to them, and even attempted
to hold it.
Warren Parrish, who had been a humble, successful
preacher of the Gospel, was the ringleader of this apostate
party. One Sabbath morning, he, with several of his party,
came into the Temple armed with pistols and bowie-knives,
and seated themselves together in the Aaronic pulpits, on the
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 21
east end of the Temple, while Father Smith and others, as
usual, occupied those of the Melchisedec Priesthood on the
west. Soon after the usual opening services, one of the
brethren on the west stand arose, and just after he commenced
to speak, one on the east interrupted him. Father Smith,
presiding, called to order — he told the apostate brother that
he should have all the time he wanted, but he must wait his
turn — as the brother on the west took the floor and commenced
first to speak, he must not be interrupted. A fearful scene
ensued — the apostate speaker becoming so clamorous, that
Father Smith called for the police to take that man out of the
house, when Parrish, John Boynton, and others, drew their
pistols and bowie-knives, and rushed down from the stand
into the congregation; J. Boynton saying he would blow out
the brains of the first man who dared to lay hands on him.
Many in the congregation, esj)ecially women and children,
were terribly frightened — some tried to escape from the con-
fusion by jumping out of the windows. Amid screams
and shrieks, the policemen, in ejecting the belligerents,
knocked down a stovepipe, which fell helter-skelter among
the people; but, although bowie-knives and pistols were
wrested from their owners, and thrown hither and thither
to prevent disastrous results, no one was hurt, and after a
short, but terrible scene to be enacted in a Temple of God,
order was restored, and the services of the day proceeded as
usual.
But the next day Father Smith, and sixteen others, were
arrested on complaint of the apostate party, charged with
riot, and bound over for their appearance in court to answer
to the charge. With others, I was subpoenaed as a witness,
and I found the court scene as amusing as the Temple scene
was appalling. The idea of such a man as Father Smith — so
patriarchal in appearance — so circumspect in deportment and
dignified in his manners, being guilty of riot, was at once
ludicrous and farcical to all sane-minded persons. And after
22 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
the four Gentile lawyers (two for each party) had expended
their stock of wit, the court dismissed the case with "no cause
for action," and Father Smith and his associates came off
triumphant.
• During the proceedings, it was very interesting to hear
the lawyers for the defence describe the opposite traits of
character exhibited in the lives and appearances of the men
who had apostatized from what they were when faithful in the
work of God. One of them, Mr. Bissell, of Painesville, Ohio,
pointing to John Boynton, said: "Just look at Mr. Boynton,
see how changed! Before he apostatized, we used to see him
in Painesville — he then was humble, and seemed truly a
follower of the meek and lowly Jesus; but how does he seem
now? all puffed up with pride. He looks more like a celestial
dandy than a Saint."
Five of the quorum of the Twelve were in this apostacy;
and some in every organized quorum became disaffected.
Wherever tbe spirit of speculation — a grasping for the things
of the world — obtained, the light of the Spirit of God departed,
and impenetrable darkness ensued. Some even became so
blind as to seek to depose the Prophet of God. At length
the hostility of the belligerent party assumed such threatening
attitude that, late in the autumn of 1837, Joseph Smith and
Sidney Rigdon had to flee for their lives; and at a moment's
warning, started for Missouri. But their absence did not check
the persecution waged by those apostate brethren — others
became the targets of their malice. Through their influence,
the aged Father Smith was served with a State's warrant, but
fortunately for him he was placed in the custody of Luke
Johnson, who, although one of the apostates, was averse to the
bitter spirit of persecution which characterized others.
Naturallj^ of a jovial turn, he was more inclined to ridicule
than hostility. Having been somewhat conversant with law
usages, he volunteered his services as legal adviser for Father
Smith, although his custodian. He privately told Father
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 23
Smith's friends that the suit was instigated through malice —
that he knew Father Smith was innocent, and he was
determined to do all he could for him; and he was true to
his word.
A room adjoining the one in which the court was in
session, was lighted by one window. Before Father Smith
was brought for trial, Mr. Johnson had examined the
premises, and under the aforesaid window, on the outside, he
had cautiously made preparation so that the old gentleman
could reach the ground without injury. Before the court
proceeded to business, Mr. Johnson said he would like a few
minutes private conversation with his client. Permission was
granted for him to take the prisoner into the room aforemen-
tioned. When in, he drew the nail which was the only
fastening to the window — raised the window, and said to
Father Smith, "Go right up to Esquire Snow's— he is a qu^et
man, and no one will think of going there for you." The old
gentleman did his bidding, and came directly to our father's,
who had purchased a home in Kirtland, and was living a
mile and a quarter distant from the court scene; when he
arrived, it was nearly midnight.
Mr. Johnson replaced the nail in the window, and, after
giving Father Smith time to clear the premises, proceeded to
the court room, where he soon discovered that his client had
not followed him ; whereupon he hurried back to the room
to see what was detaining him. After hunting about there a
short time, he came back to the court room, apparently very
much disconcerted, and reported the unaccountable fact that
the prisoner was not to be found. After close search by those
present, who found the nail fastening in the window all right,
the question was, ''How did he make his escape?" The
constable, who manifested the greatest astonishment of all
present, finally settled the question by saying, "It is another
Mormon miracle."
Father Smith remained between two and three weeks at
24 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
our father's house, "hid up" from his enemies; but during the
time, with the legal assistance of the justice of the peace (an
honorable Gentile), he arranged his business matters prepara-
tory to leaving for the west. Before he left, he was joined by-
six others, whose lives were threatened by apostates.
Before closing this subject, I think a further notice is due
the unantagonistic apostate, Luke Johnson. I happened to
meet him the day after the scene in the court room — he
enquired after his released prisoner, and after hearing that
he reached his destination all right, he, in a jocose manner,
related the foregoing circumstances, and closed with, "Father
Smith will bless me for it, all the days of his life." To which,
when I repeated it to Father Smith on my return home, he
replied in the affirmative; and Luke Johnson is the only one
of those five Apostles that returned to the Church. He was
re-baptized, and lived a faithful member — was much
respected, and died an honorable death in the midst of his
friends, in Salt Lake City.
CHAPTER V.
Leave Kirtlancl.— Grand Entertainment.— A noble Woman.— Lorenzo drives
one Team. — He is very Sick. — Arrive in Far West, Missouri. — Elder
Rigdon's Kindness. — Dr. Avord's Meanness. — His Nurse, Nightwatcher
and Doctor.— An Incident. — Arrive in Adam-ondi-Ahnian.— Lorenzo
takes his Gun and goes out to Hunt.— A new Train of Reflections —
Hunting for Sport.— The old Settlers.— Their Antagonism.— Preparation
for Defense. — False Alarm explained.
Howards the last of April, 1838, our father left Kirt-
land with twenty-one souls in company, to wit: his
own family, consisting of his wife, two daughters, three
sons, and two grand-daughters, children of our eldest sister
who was at this time a widow; Brother Huntington and
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 25
family; Brother James Moses and family; Brother Pearce and
family, and Julian Moses, brother to James, We started
with horse and ox teams, my brother Lorenzo having charge
of one of our father's teams, which he drove until about one
hundred miles from Far West, Missouri, when he was taken
very sick with bilious fever.
On our first night out from Kirtland, our whole company
stopped, in accordance with a previous pressing invitation,
with one of our father's sisters, Mrs. Charlotte S. Granger.
Had we been a bridal party we could not have been treated
with more respect, or served more bountifully, although we
were "Mormons" and she a popular Presbyterian. She was too
noble minded to be a bigot. She and her husband are dead.
Lorenzo has been baptized for her husband — I for her, and
we have had the sealing ordinances performed in their behalf.
Our journey from Kirtland to Far West was rendered
tedious in consequence of rainy weather. We arrived in Far
West on the sixteenth of July, with my brother very sick in
bed. For nearly one hundred miles he suffered such a rack-
ing pain in his head that when we traveled I held it as steady
as possible to prevent excruciating suffering being produced
by the motion of the wagon. On our arrival in Far West,
Elder Rigdon met us and requested our father to take my sick
brother to his house, which was gratefully accepted, and I
was to stop with him, as Adam-ondi-Ahman, thirty miles dis-
tant, was father's destination; and as he had considerable
stock which he could not keep in Far West, he started out
the next morning, to return for us when Lorenzo should have
so far recovered as to be able to ride that distance. Dr.
Avord, who afterwards made himself notorious as an unscru-
pulous apostate, spent most of his time sitting under an
awning in front of Elder Rigdon's house, and as I was under
the necessity of obtaining some medicine for my brother, as a
matter of convenience I applied to him, at the same time
endeavoring to make him understand that it was the medi-
26 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
cine I wanted, and not his medical attendance; but come he
would, and continued to come. My brother grew worse — the
fever increased until he became quite delirious, and I deter-
mined to get rid of Avord, and to accomplish this desirable
yet disagreeable task, I asked him for his bill as kindly and
politely as possible. The idea struck him at once that this
request signified non-attendance, and he was very angry and
tried to frighten me concerning my brother's condition, by
telling me that his skill was needed more then than when he
first saw the patient. I tried to be as pacific as possible, but
thought that this concession did not recommend him to fur-
ther attendance. However, when the doctor found me un-
yielding, he presented his bill, and although sitting in front of
the house day after day, he neither called in to see nor inquire
after the sick man. I realized that the family of Elder Rig-
don, himself included, at that time had more faith in medical
treatment than in the healing ordinances, and they all
thought me to blame for discharging the physician. But my
trust was in God, the prayer of faith, and good, sisterly
nursing. As soon as the fever abated, my brother's conscious-
ness returned, and in two weeks from the time father left us
he was sufficiently restored, was sent for, and we took a pleas-
ant wagon ride to Adam-ondi-Ahman, Daviess County,
although my brother had to ride on a bed.
I will here mention one little incident with which con-
valescents, many of them, will sympathize. As his fever
began to break, my brother tried to think of something he
could relish, and his memory went ])ack to college associa-
tions and college scenes, and to one college dish. At one time
while attending college, he and three of his fellow students
took it into their heads to try the novelty of bachelor board-
ing, each taking his turn in the cooking department. One
particular dish, which at that time was relished very exquis-
itely, now haunted my brother's recollection — if he had a dish
precisely like that he felt certain he could eat. His sister at
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 27
that time, was his only nurse and night watcher, for the
people of the house were so displeased with me for dis-
charging the doctor that they were but little disposed t-o assist,
and I was as little disposed to trouble them, although in
every other respect they were hospitable and kind, and in fact
for years had been quite partial to our family. But the dish;
it must be precisely after the pattern, and could I do it? Cer-
tainly; for "what "has been done can be done," and I am not
afraid to try. The ingredients, as he named them, were all at
my command, and, after listening anxiously to his descrip-
tion, I went to work and a dish was produced, but alas! it
was not THE dish — "it did not taste like the bachelor dish."
Try, try again, was my motto, and after listening attentively
to a more critical description, I went at it again, and although
that effort was a pronounced improvement on the first, it was
not quite up to the original, but the third time trying proved
a success — not so much from improvement in the skill of the
cook as improvement in the appetite of the patient.
The following is copied from his journal: In Adam-
ondi-Ahman, while gradually recovering from the effects
of a malignant fever which had detained me a fortnight
in Far West, under the constant and skilful nursing of
my sister Eliza, for some time I was unable to either do,
or read much. One day, to while away the slowly passing
hours, I took my gun with the intention of indulging in a
little amusement in hunting turkeys, with which that section
of the country abounded. From boyhood I had been particu-
larly, and I may say strangely attached to a gun. Hunting,
in the forests of Ohio, was a pastime that to me possessed the
most fascinating attractions. It never occurred to my mind
that it was wrong — that indulging in "what was sport to me
was death to them;" that in shooting turkeys, squirrels, etc., I
was taking life that I could not give; therefore I indulged in
the murderous sport without the least compunction of con-
science.
28 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
But at this time a change came over me. While moving
slowly forward in pursuit of something to kill, my mind was
arrested with the reflection on the nature of my pursuit — that
of amusing myself by giving pain and death to harmless,
innocent creatures that perhaps had as much right to life and
enjoyment as myself. I realized that such indulgence was
without any justification, and 'feeling condemned, I laid my
gun on my shoulder, returned home, and ft-om that time to
this have felt no inclination for that murderous amusement.
In fact, years had elapsed since the days of boyhood sport,
and in the interval I had neither time nor opportunity for
reckless indulgence. Education, the leading star of my youth,
had so entirely engrossed my ambition that, until the Gospel
of the Lord Jesus took possession of my mind, it was the
genii before which everything else had to bow; then, almost
simultaneously, missionary labors succeeded book studies, and
no room was left for sportive scenes.
A spirit of mobocracy, which had previously manifested
itself, was continually on the increase all around us, and very
naturally suggested to our minds the thought of preparation
for defense. The house we lived in, with the plantation on
which it stood, father purchased on his arrival, and paid for
in full. It was a "double log house," with an alley about
three feet wide between the two. In this alley our faithful
watchdog was stationed, and we knew that no intruder could
possibly reach either door before the dog would give an alarm,
which, so far, was very satisfactory. But, to our deep regret,
the mobocrats, finding the dog out of sight of the house, shot
him down. He had, by his affectionate faithfulness, so won
our love and confidence that he almost seemed one of the
family — we sincerely mourned his loss, and I assisted my
brothers in giving him a formal burial.
Amid the threatenings of mobocrats to either drive or
destroy us, a circumstance occurred, which, though seriously
exciting at the time, afterwards afforded us much amusement.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 29
One night at about 11 o'clock, we all were suddenly aroused
from sleep by the discharge of fire arms, accompanied with
loud shouts, apparently about a mile distant. We supposed
that our enemies had commenced their depredations by put-
ting their threats into execution, and were making an attack
on our people, and the probability was that they would visit
us in turn. We immediately began to prepare for defense by
barricading the doors and windows, and distributing among
all the members of the family such weapons for protection as
were available, viz: one sword, two or three guns, pitchforks,
axes, shovels and tongs, etc. We proposed that mother take^
her choice, and she thought that she could do the best execu-
tion with the shovel. With no small degree of anxiety, not
only for ourselves, but also in behalf of our friends situated
at the point from which the exciting sounds proceeded, we
kept up a sleepless watch until morning, when intelligence
was brought, explaining the cause of the night alarm, as fol-
lows: A company of our brethren had been to a distant settle-
ment to accomplish some business requisite in consequence of
threatened mob violence, and on their return, having peace-
fully and successfully accomplished their object, discharged
their fire arms, accompanied with a shout expressive of their
happy success — resulting in our false alarm and subsequent
amusement.
30 AUTOBIOGKAPHY.
CHAPTER VI.
Wants to go on Mission.— Elder Butterfield wishes to accompany him. —
They go.— Arrive in Far West on the second day. — Father Smith blesses
Lorenzo. — Blindness of Thomas B. Marsh. — Leave Far West. — Meet a
camp of Brethren at the Missouri River. — Construct a craft. — Started in
snow storm down the river.— Perilous times. — Narrow escapes. — A
savage band. — Make their escape.— Find camping place in peace. —
Leave the boat and travel on foot. — Get lodging at the house of a
Mobocrat. — Mobocratic narrative. — A Campbellite Preacher's Polite-
ness.— Courtesy of a Methodist Preacher.— A crowded house. — A Dona-
tion just in time. — Saved from a Mob by his pocket Bible. — Other
Mobocrats foiled.
HE journal speaks: About the first of October of this
year (1838), the spirit of my missionary calling pressed
so heavily upon my mind, that I longed to engage in
its labors. Elder Abel Butterfield, who had accompanied me
on a mission in Ohio, proposed to be my traveling companion
at this time, and although not having yet fully recovered
from the effects of my summer sickness, and had not strength
sufficient to endure much fatigue, I felt that I must go. My
father and others thought it not prudent, but my trust was in
God, and I felt an assurance that He would give me strength
and restore me to soundness of health sooner if I went forth
depending on Him, than* if I remained at home. Accord-
ingly, with the necessary books and a few underclothes
packed in my valise, I bid adieu to father, mother, brothers
and sisters, and, with Brother Butterfield, started forth to
proclaim the word of the Lord to those who had ears to
hear. At first I could only walk a short distance before I
was compelled to sit down and rest, but my ability to walk
gradually increased until I was perfectly restored.
The second day after we started, we arrived in Far West,
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 31
where we stopped a short time to visit our friends. Father
Smith, the Patriarch, gave us his blessing and much good
fatherly counsel, and expressed much sympathy for us in
connection with our mission through the southern part of
Missouri, the immediate field of our prospective labors. At
that time the excitement against the Latter-day Saints had
been fanned to fever heat in every part of the State, conse-
quently it was more than probable that we should meet with
abuse and have to submit to many hardships.
In going the rounds in Far West, we called on Elder
Thomas B. Marsh, then President of the Quorum of the
Twelve. I think at that time he was indulging a spirit of
apostacy, which, not long after, culminated in his severance
from the Church. In our conversation with him, our spirits
and his did not intermingle, and he seemed utterly blind in
relation to the condition of things and the spirit of the times.
He expressed unbounded charity for our enemies — said he
did not think they intended us much harm — they were not
naturally inclined to wickedness, etc. It is a noticeable fea-
ture in those who cherish a spirit of apostacy from the light of
the Gospel, that they adopt the doctrine of Universalism
and think none too wicked for a complete and unconditional
salvation.
On leaving Far West, we directed our course to the Mis-
souri River, where we found a camp of our brethren, some of
whom were intending to go down the river and return to their
homes, somewhere in the southern part of the State. We
joined together in constructing a kind of water-craft — it was
not a canoe, neither a skiff or raft, and to name it a boat would
be preposterous; but, whatever its proper cognomen, its capa-
city was sufficient to accommodate five men, and, on tlie sev-
enteenth of October, in the midst of a heavy fall of snow, we
launched it, and started on a most perilous passage down the
turbid waters of a turbulent river. At that season of the year
the stream was very low, and frequently through the day we
32 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
experienced much difficulty in following the channel. We
took turns in rowing, and, as night approached, we began in
sober earnest to look out for a suitable landing, but were
forced to continue on until it was quite dark, when we were
every moment in danger of being upset by "sawyers," for we
could hardly discern them in time to shun them. Those
"sawyers" were trees or parts of trees — one end firmly
embedded in the bottom of the stream, while the other end,
by the motion and pressure of the current, was constantly
vaccillating up and down, often swiftly and powerfully.
We met with several narrow escapes, and anxiously
watched for a place of landing. At length we espied upon
the bank a bright light, to which we directed our course, and,
much to our relief, were enabled to bring our little bark
safely to land, and after securing it, we climbed up the bank,
and directly found ourselves in the presence of rough, savage
looking fellows, who told us they were hunters and trappers;
but their appearance and conversation, and the whisperings
of the Spirit, impressed us at once with the feeling that there
was more safety on the river, searching our way amid the
threatening "sawyers," than in remaining through the night
in such forbidding company. Accordingly we again em-
barked, and pushed into the fluctuating stream. It was very
dark, and as we cautiously wended our way, our ears were
ever and anon saluted with the fearful sounds of the dashing
"sawyers" ahead. It was prudent to keep as close to the bank
as possible, in order to avail ourselves of the first opportunity
to secure a landing.
We had one man at the bow to watch for "sawyers,"
while the others kept a vigilant look out for a place to haul
up. The dense darkness of the stormy night prevented us
discovering danger until we were on the point of being envel-
oped in it, and in several instances, our escape seemed truly
miraculous. At last our perilous night voyage terminated,
having drifted into a swift current which fortunately forced
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 33
US upon a low place in the bank, covered with willows, briers
and thorns, through which, after having fastened our bark,
we made our way, and soon reached a very welcome camping
ground, in the midst of a thick grove of small timber. We
were not long in starting a rousing fire, and having taken
from our little bark the provision we brought along, we did
justice to a hearty meal, while the gratitude of our hearts
arose in evening incense to Him, the Giver of all good, to
whom we ascribed our safe deliverance. After vocally and
unitedly returning thanks to Him for His miraculous provi-
dence in preserving us from the perils of the night, we spread
our blankets, couched down and enjoyed refreshing sleep,
with occasional interruptions by the wonderful clamor of
■seemingly thousands upon thousands of wild geese, which
had gathered upon an island in the river, a short distance
from our camp.
The following morning we were struck with astonish-
ment, as we viewed, by the light of day, the river below us
thickly dotted with sand-bars and bristling "sawyers," there
being, apparently, no possible chance of having proceeded one
dozen yards farther without steering nearly a direct course to
the opposite bank of the stream, which, with our ignorance
of the circumstances, and the darkness of the night, would
naturally have resulted very disastrously.
After this brief but impressive experience in the labors
and dangers in traveling on this celebrated river, we concluded
to abandon our boat and proceed on foot. In carrying out
this programme, the first night after leaving the river, we
called at a gentleman's house and asked for a night's lodging,'
without making ourselves known as "Mormons." We were
very kindly entertained by our host, whom we soon discovered
was a bitter mobocrat, and had acted the part of leader of a
mob in raiding one of our settlements. He was very wealthy,
and had with him, as guest, a rich southern planter, who told
us that he, as neutral, accompanied his friend, the captain of
4
34 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
the mob above mentioned, and he narrated the particulars of
the fight, and its termination. He said that the two parties
met and fought with desperation. He sheltered himself
behind a large tree which was struck by "Mormon" bullets,
several times. At length a parley was held, and a cbuncil
between the leaders of the parties, in which the "Mormons"
agreed to abandon their location. Our host and his friend
said they justified the manner in which they were expelling
the "Mormons," only on the ground that they were mostly
Yankees, and opposed to slavery, and they feared that by
settling in the State, the interest of the inhabitants, as slave-
holders, would be infringed upon. We all listened with
respectful attention, but those gentlemen little thought who
composed their audience, and they knew not our thoughts
and the feelings of our hearts.
The next day we parted with our brethren who came
down the river with us, Brother Butterfield and I traveling
together and holding neighborhood meetings. We made the
acquaintance of a Campbellite preacher, who became so much
interested with the principles we taught, that he invited us to
attend his conference, and I had a very enjoyable time in
preaching to his congregation. But opportunities for preach-
ing, in that time of excitement and belligerent feeling toward
our people, did not often come when unsought, and very fre-
quently not then. The many false reports in circulation
against us were so exasperating the feelings of the people in
that section, that the spirit of mobocracy was everywhere
manifesting itself; in many instances it really assumed the
appearance of a species of insanity. Our main object was, by
giving correct information, to disabuse the minds of those we
gained access to, and allay the feverish sentiment of bitter-
ness. Whenever we succeeded in securing the attention of
people, to listen to our testimonies, we were pretty sure of
their confidence. We held meetings in several places where
we were threatened, and in one instance preached to a con-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 35
gregation in which were those who had come expressly to
mob us, but on seeing and hearing us, had changed their
minds, and at the close of the meeting, came and made their
acknowledgments.
Finding, after continued efforts, that very little good
could be accomplished while excitement was running at so
high pitch, and the mob spirit so rampant, we concluded to
leave the State of Missouri until it cooled off from its fer-
mented condition. Brother Butterfield took for his field of
labor the northern sections of Indiana and Illinois, while I
continued my course through Missouri, the southern portion
of Illinois, and into Kentucky.
Just before leaving the State, as I approached a beautiful
little village, called Jacksonville, I felt an anxiety to preach
to the people, and yet felt that it would not be proper to
make myself known as a "Mormon" Elder. Just as I arrived
at the suburbs of the town, I accosted a stranger whom I met,
and desired him to inform me who was the principal min-
ister in the place. He told me the minister's name, and said
he was a Methodist, directing me to his residence. On my
arrival at the house, a very fine and intelligent appearing
lady responded to the door-bell, and informed me that her
husband was not at home. I told her I was a minister of the
Gospel — a stranger in that part of the country — that I wished
to stop in town over night, and desired to improve the oppor-
tunity of preaching to the people, if a suitable house could
be obtained. "To what religious persuasion do you hold,
sir?" was the first inquiry. "I wish, madam," said I, "this
evening, to speak to a promiscuous congregation, embracing
all classes of people, therefore, I had thought, on this particu-
lar occasion, and for this special purpose, I would beg to sup-
press the name of the religious denomination of which I am
a minister; but," I continued, "I was christened Lorenzo,
having been named as you see, madam, after the celebrated
Lorenzo Dow." Her eyes lighted up, and her countenance
36 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
assumed a pleasant smile; she invited me to walk in and be
seated — said her husband would be in directly — that he had
charge of the principal chapel, and would be delighted to
accord to me its accommodations. The minister soon made
his appearance, to whom I was introduced by his lady. The
gentleman at once assented to my wishes — sent notice around
of the meeting, and had the bell of his chapel rung long and
loud.
. That evening I had a large, appreciative audience, and
spoke with great freedom ; in fact, I seldom, if ever, enjoyed
greater liberty than on that occasion. What ray hearers
thought of me or whom they imagined I was, or whence I
came, or whither I was going, I am left in ignorance to this
day, as I was not required to inform any of my audience, and
of course was entirely reticent on those points. I stayed over
night with the minister, and after breakfast the next morn-
ing, took my departure, no further questions having been
asked in relation to my business or profession, excepting as
shown in the following incident:
At this time, I was, as usual, traveling "without purse or
scrip." I had proceeded two or three miles, when I noticed
that just ahead of me the road forked, and being at a loss
which to take, I called at a house a little in the distance, to
inquire. A gentleman was standing on the porch, who, after
satisfying my inquiry, with much apparent diffidence, asked
if I was not a minister of the Gospel, and if I would not
allow him the pleasure of contributing a little to aid in the
good cause in which I was engaged, at the same time drawing
from his pocket the willing offering, which I very thankfully
accepted. Probably he was one of the audience at the meet-
ing the evening before. No' more than an hour later, I found
myself in actual need of a portion of the kind gentleman's
donation, for I soon came to a large stream where money was
necessary to pay for ferryage.
In passing through the southern portion of Illinois, I
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 37
found, in general, very little interest manifest in reference to
the principles of the fulness of the Gospel, but any amount
of ignorance and prejudice.
I spent the remainder of the winter in travel and preach-
ing, chiefly in the northern part of Kentucky, with varied suc-
cess, and treatment — sometimes received in the most courteous
manner and listened to with intense interest, and, at other
times, abusively and impudently insulted; but in no instance
treated worse than was Jesus, whom I profess to follow. He
said: "If then f^^^'^ called the master of the house Beelzebub,
how much more they of his household^ What a fine test the
Gospel is, to prove the hearts of the people! On one occa-
sion, I was very courteously tendered a court house, and at
the close of the services, I was invited home by a member of
the legislature — was seated at the head of his table, and other-
wise as highly honored, and as hospitably treated, as though I
had been a sceptered monarch. Then, on another occasion,
one evening, I was preaching in a large room of a private
house, and afterwards learned that a portion of my audience
had gathered for the purpose of mobbing me. They had
arranged with a party that lay concealed at a little distance,
and within call, to join them immediately on my leaving
the house to return to my lodgings, and all proceed together
to execute their schemes of vengeance. It was a very cold
night, and after the close of the services I stood with my back
to the chimney fire, with a number of others — some of whom
belonged to the mob party. One of the latter persons, amid
the jostling of the crowd, accidentally brought his hand in
contact with one of the pockets in the skirt of my coat, which
struck him with sudden alarm on his feeling, what he sup-
posed to be, a large pistol. He immediately communicated
the discovery to his affrighted coadjutors, all of whom
directly withdrew, and, to their fellows outside, imparted the
astounding news that the "Mormon" Elder was armed with
deadly weapons. That was sufficient — the would-be outlaws
38 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
abandoned their evil designs for fear of signal punishment;
but the supposed pistol which caused their alarm and my
protection, was my pocket Bible, a precious gift to me from
the dearly beloved Patriarch, Father Joseph Smith.
On another occasion, while addressing a congregation in
a dwelling house, in fulfilment of a previous arrangement by
a lawless set, to throw a rope over my head and then drag me
to the river and duck me through a hole in the ice, one of
the fellows who was in front of me was in the act of throw-
ing his lariat, when he was discovered by the mistress of the
house, who instantly gave the alarm, and he sneaked out of
the congregation like a whipped dog.
CHAPTER VII. .
Leaves Kentucky. — Travels on foot five hundred miles.— Reaches his friends
in Ohio.— Through fatigue and exposure, is very sick. — Receives kind
attention. — Traveled and preached. — Taught school. — Great effort, and
great success. — A thrilling narrative. — Arrives in Nauvoo. — The Father
and Family in LaHarpe.
/An the last of February, 1839, I left the State of Ken-
tucky with one dollar and twenty-five cents in my
pocket, to visit my former home in Ohio, and to
settle up some unfinished business, having received, by letter
from my sister Eliza, the news of the expulsion of our people
from Missouri. The distance of the journey before me was
about five hundred miles, and in the worst season of the year
for traveling, and at a time when very little interest was felt
by the people for Gospel truths, and few opportunities afiforded
for public preaching. The trip was a tedious one — on foot
and in the midst of snow and rain storms — sometimes hard,
frozen ground — sometimes mud and water soaking through
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 39'
my boots until my socks were wringing wet at night, and of
course, hard and stiff in the morning when I was fortunate
enough to get them dry. It was a hard pull, but I accom-
plished the feat, and worn out by fatigue and exposure, I
arrived am/)ng my friends in Ohio.
The first place I reached was a Brother Smith's, where
one year before I had performed missionary labors — preached
and baptized, and, at his house, made my home. Fatigue and
its consequences had so changed my appearance, that at first
Brother Smith and family did not recognize me. As soon as
recognized, and my condition known, every attention was
extended that kindness could suggest, and everything done
for, my comfort that warm hearts and willing hands could
bestow. Then came a reaction of the overstraining of my
physical powers, and with a burning fever, I was confined to
my bed, and for days remained in a prostrate condition, when,
through the kind ministrations of my friends and the bless-
ing of God in the manifestations of His power, I soon
recovered, and resumed my missionary labors.
The summer and fall I spent principally traveling anrf
preaching in the northern part of Ohio. In the winter of
1839 and 1840, I was employed in teaching a district school
in the township of Shalersville, Portage County, Ohio. The
school was large, and its patrons all Gentiles with the excep-
tion of one family. Previous to this time, the directors had
been very unfortunate in the selection of teachers; conse-
quently the scholars were, in their studies, far behind
adjacent schools. Here an opportunity presented for me to
make a mark, and I determined to do it, and set myself to the
arduous task of arousing and instilling intellectual life into
the mentally dormant brain. I labored day and night to
accomplish my purpose, i. c, io elevate my students to a
higher standard of intellectual improvement. I succeeded,
and before its close, my school had attained to such celebrity,
that it was everywhere spoken of for its wonderful pro-
40 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
gress, and as having outstripped all of the neighboring
schools.
But my extra exertions told seriously on my physical
system, as the following little incident will illustrate: One
evening I was in company with a gentleman who was with
Napoleon Bonaparte's army in its retreat from Moscow. He
possessed peculiar descriptive powers, and portrayed so life-
like the terrible scenes of suffering and death he had witnessed
in that memorable defeat, that my mind was entirely absorbed,
and my feelings and sympathies so aroused and carried along
with him in his thrilling narrative, that my bodily strength
was completely overcome, and I suddenly fainted and fell
from my chair. This circumstance admonished mc of the
necessity of rest, of which I availed myself, and soon
regained my usual health.
After having arranged my secular affairs, I took leave of
my friends and kindred in Ohio, and started for Nauvoo,
where I arrived about the first of May, 1840. I found my
parents, brothers and sisters, whom I had left about eighteen
months before, in Adam-ondi-Ahman, living in LaHarpe,
about thirty miles from Nauvoo. 0, what changes, priva-
tion, hardship and suffering, the cruel hand of persecution
had produced in those eventful months! But God was with
His people, and they knew in whom they trusted, and in the
midst of severe trials, rejoiced that they were counted worthy
to suffer for the truth's sake.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 41
CHAPTER VIIL
In Di-Ahman. — Our father's purchases.— Friendliness of the "old settlers."
— A spirit of hostility prevalent. — Millers would not grind our wheat. —
Grating corn for our bread. — How we cooked the grated meal. — A
strange move; the old settlers abscond. — Their reports in the surround-
ing country. — The Military quells the uprising.— A horse mill in opera-
tion.— Mobs arouse with increased force. — Government sends Militia. —
They are set to guard the Saints, who are ordered to leave the county
within ten days. — The halfway house.— Food frozen.— How we ate sup-
per.— Sleepless and jolly.^Arrive in Far West.— Seven miles out. —
Move to Illinois.— To Warren County. — To LaHarpe. — To Nauvoo.
E will now leave Lorenzo in LaHarpe, preparing for a
i j Jl visit to Nauvoo, and return to Adapi-ondi-Ahman,
^ ^ where he left us. In Di-Ahman, Daviess County,
Missouri, our father purchased and paid in full for two home-
steads, including the farm crops. The "old settlers," as the
inhabitants were called, were very anxious to sell to the Lat-
ter-day Saints, who, at the time, did not comprehend nor
suspect their villainy. They were obsequiously kind and
friendly in their manner towards us as strangers, and we did
not, for the time being, suspect their sincerity; but the sequel
proved that they had made arrangements for mobbing and
driving us, previous to selling, and then, according to their
programme, re-take possession of the purchased premises.
Before Lorenzo started on his southern mission, as
reported in his journal, a spirit of mobocracy was boldly
manifested by leading citizens in the county opposing the
Latter-day Saints, and at the August election preventing their
vote — also putting them to great inconvenience by laying an
embargo on all of the flouring mills in that section, and pre-
venting our people from obtaining breadstuff. Our father
had abundance of wheat, but could get no grinding. In this
42 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
di.emma we had to resort to graters, made by perforating tin
pails and stovepipes, on which we grated corn for bread mate-
rial. We tried boiled wheat, but found that it did not retain
much nourishment; and our grated corn meal, when cooked
by the usual process of bread making, was not quite so solid
as lead, but bore a more than satisfactory resemblance to it.
"Necessity, the mother of invention," prompted experiment-
ing, and we set our wits to work to make our meal not only
eatable, but palatable.
We had a fine crop of "Missouri pumpkins" (which,
being interpreted, means the choicest kind), produced from
the soil our father bought; these we stewed with a good sup-
ply of moisture, and when boiling hot, stirred it into our
grated meal, which, when seasoned with salt and nicely
baked — well buttered or in milk, was really very delicious;
the main thing was to get enough, especially after the mob
had driven in the scattered settlers, by which the number of
our family was increased to twenty-five.
Elder Abel Butterfield, Lorenzo's traveling companion,
was stopping with us, while waiting for my brother to regain
his strength sufficient for travel, and as he required clothing
made, previous to departure, my sister proposed to join me in
doing his needle work, tailoring, etc., if, he would give his
time in grating meal for the family, which he gladly accepted.
It was hard work, and after he left, we took it by turns, soak-
ing the corn when it became so dry as to shell from the cob.
Not long after our young missionaries left us, very early
one morning, we were utterly astonished with the announce-
ment that all of our neighbors, the "old settlers," including
those of whom our father had purchased, had fled the coun-
try. On entering some of the vacated houses, clocks were
seen ticking the time, coffee-pots boiling the coffee, and every-
thing indicating a precipitate and compulsory flight. What
could be the cause, and what the meaning of this unprece-
dented and really ominous movement was veiled in tlie
AUTOBIOGRAPHY, 43
deepest mystery, until the reaction solved it by bringing to
light the most cruel perfidy. We soon learned that those
unscrupulous hypocrites had scattered abroad through- the
settlements, arousing a mob feeling against the Latter-day
Saints, by reporting that the "Mormons" had driven them
from their homes, they having barely escaped with their lives
at the expense of all they possessed.
This unprecedented move was sufficient pretext for an
onslaught, and a general uprising of the people threatened
an immediate extermination of the Latter-day Saints, which
was prevented by an appeal to, and the intervention of, the
military authority of the State. A posse was sent, which
quelled the mob, and for a few days we had peace. The
Saints took advantage of the quietus, purchased a horse-mill
and soon had it in operation, and released the family graters.
But the peaceful interim was of short duration. It
seemed that the turbulent spirit had gained strength by the
recess, and broke out with redoubled fury. No Latter-day
Saint was safe, and although our trust was in God, and we
felt assured of His protection, it was wise for us to keep up a
show of defence, as it had a tendency to awe our enemies.
. To us it was a novel sight, and would have been ludicrous
(were it not painfully symptomatica! of the situation) to see
our venerable father walking to meeting on the Sabbath,
with a Bible in one hand and a rifle in the other. At length
an order was issued by the Governor of the State, for all of
the Saints to leave Daviess County within ten days from date,
the sixth of December, and a company o^ militia was sta-
tioned in Di-Ahman, for that length of time, ostensibly to
protect us from the mob, but it was difficult to tell whether
the mob or the militia was most dangerous.
Before we left, the former owner of the place where we
lived, came in, and looking around very impudently, in-
quired how soon we would be out of the house. It required
an effort, but we suppressed our feelings of indignation.
44 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
The weather was extremely cold, and the morning we
bid adieu to our honorably and honestly acquired transitory
hom'e, and much property which we were obliged to leave,
after assisting what I could, I started before the teams, to
warm my feet by walking. AVhile musing on the changing
and wonderful vicissitudes of mortal life as I walked quietly
and alone, I was interrupted in my meditations by the
approach of one of the militia. After the usual salutations
of "Good morning," he said: ''I think this loill cure you of your
faithy I looked him in the eye, and, with emphasis, replied,
"No, sir, it will take more than this to cure me of my faith."
His countenance dropped, and he said, " Well, I must confess
you are a better soldier than I am." And we parted.
It took two days to go by team to Far West, and seventy-
five persons, pi'grims like ourselves, put up at our stopping
place for the night. It was a small vacated log house of one
room only, which was the general nightly resort of people
traveling from Di-Ahman to Far West, As we found it,
the chinkings between the logs had been torn out, leaving
open spaces through which gusts of wind had free play.
AVhen we arrived, the provisions we brouglit were solidly
frozen, and the crowd of people was so dense, we could not
avail ourselves of the fire. But we must have supper, and we
could not eat hard frozen bread, and we adopted the follow-
ing: The boys milked our cows, and before the milk was
strained, one of us held the dish while another sliced the
bread, and the third strained the warm milk into it, which
thawed the bread; thus one after another, until all were p)len-
tifully served.
Bed time came, but there was no room for beds, except
for the sick, and, indeed, there was very little sitting room.
Our mother was quite feeble through fatigue and exposure,
and we managed to fix a place for her to lie down, while our
sister and myself sat on the floor, one on each side, to ward
off the crowd. I can well remember that ever memorable
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 45
night — how I. dare not move lest I should disturb those
around me, so closely were we packed. And withal, it was a
jolly time, although with the majority, a sleepless night.
Some ten or fifteen feet from the house was a small horse
shed, in the centre of which the brethren built a roaring fire,
and around it they stood, sometimes dancing to keep warm,
some roasting potatoes, while others parched corn, and all
joining in singing hymns and songs, merrily passing off the
hours till the morning dawn. Many started very early,
which gave us access to the fire for our morning meal.
Little would strangers, could they have witnessed those
seventy-five Saints, without knowing our circumstances; I
say, little would they have thought that we were exiles from
our homes, going to seek among strangers, abiding places for
the winter, in an adjoining county, and by order of the gov-
ernor, leave the State and go we knew not where, in the
Spring. They would naturally have thought us a pleasure
party.
On the fifth of March, 1839, after wintering seven miles
from Far West, in Caldwell County, we started en route for
Illinois, landing in Quincy; we stopped there a short time,
and from there our father moved to Warren County, in the
same State; from there to LaHarpe, where Lorenzo found us,
thence to Commerce, afterwards called Nauvoo.
46 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER IX.
Called on mission to England. — Extraordinary communication. — Calls on
families of the Twelve. — In Ohio. — Borrows money. — On board a sailing
vessel. — In Liverpool.— Writes to his aunt. — Why he is there. — How he
came there. — Crossing the ocean. — Terrific storms. — An ocean storm
scene. — The ealm. — Gratitude. — Arrives in Liverpool. — Manchester. —
Birmingham. — Lorenzo says:
*■
|ARLY in the spring of 1840, I was appointed to a
mission in England, and I started on or about the
twentieth of May. I here record a circumstance
which occurred a short time previous — one which has been
riveted on my memory, never to be erased, so extraordinary
was the manifestation. At the time, I was at the house of
Elder H. G. Sherwood; he was endeavoring to explain the
parable of our Savior, when speaking of the husbandman who
hired servants and sent them forth at different hours of the
day to labor in his vineyard.
While attentively listening to his explanation, the Spirit
of the Lord rested mightily upon me — the eyes of my under-
standing were opened, and I saw as clear as the sun at noon-
day, with wonder and astonishment, the pathway of God and
man. I formed the following couplet which expresses the
revelation, as it was shown me, and explains Father Smith's
dark saying to me at a blessing meeting in the Kirtland
Temple, prior to my baptism, as previously mentioned in my
first interview with the Patriarch.
As man now is, God once was:
As God now is, man may be.
I felt this to be a sacred communication, which I related
to no one except my sister Eliza, until I reached England,
when in a confidential private conversation with President
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 47
Brigham Young, in Manchester, I related to him this extra-
ordinary manifestation.
Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Parley P. Pratt, Orson
Pratt, and others of the Quorum of the Twelve, nine in all, were
at this time laboring in England, and before leaving Nauvoo, the
home of the Saints, I visited several of their families. I found
Sister Young occupying an unfinished log hut, with a loose
floor, and no chinking between the logs; consequently the
sides and ends of the hut were open, leaving the inmates
exposed to wind and storms. When I called, she had just
returned from a long, fatiguing and fruitless search for her
milch cow, which had strayed the day before, and on which
she much depended for sustenance for her little ones. On my
asking her what she wished me to say to her husband, she
replied, "You see my situation, but tell him not to trouble, or
worry in the least about me — I wish him to remain in his
field of labor until honorably released." Her apparent
poverty-stricken, destitute condition deeply stirred ray
sympathy. I had but little money — not sufficient to take me
one- tenth the distance to my field of labor, with no prospect
for obtaining the balance, and was then on the eve of starting,
I drew from my pocket a portion of my small pittance, and
presented her, but she refused to accept it; while I strenuously
insisted on her taking, and she persisting to refuse — partly
purposely, and partly accidentally, the money was dropped on
the floor, and rattled through the openings between the loose
boards, which settled the dispute, and bidding her good bye, I
left her to pick it up at her leisure. When I called on the
wife of Orson Pratt, she said she wished her husband to return
home as soon as possible — she needed his assistance.
On my way to New York, my point of embarkation, I
called on my friends in Ohio, held a few meetings, borrowed
money at a heavy interest, and proceeded on my way, travel-
ing to New York chiefly on canal boats. I took steerage
passage on board a sailing vessel, having supplied myself with
48 AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
blanket, buffalo robe, and a supply of provisions. I had
heard tell of deck passage — I had read of deck passage, but
when I experienced deck passage, with its peculiar make-up,
on this voyage, I could truly say, with the Queen of Sheba,
"the half had not been told;" and I felt assured that the
other half never could be told. And, after all, the almost
unbearable discomfort I experienced on the voyage was not
attributable particularly to deck passage, but to the unpleas-
ant peculiarities of the situation. I was surrounded with a
huddled crowd of rough, uncouth people, very filthy in their
appearance and habits. We had a long passage of about six
weeks, in which we encountered storms and tempests, and
suffered much for want of fresh water, and also a sufficient
supply of food. For further particulars I transcribe tlie
following letter written to my aunt in Ohio:
London, England, Feb. 16, 1841.
My Dear and Highly Respected Aunt:
With pleasure I improve the present opportunity in ful-
filling the promise made at our last interview. You see by
this heading, I am in the city of London, the great metropolis
of the British empire. The thought that I am between four
and five thousand miles from the home of my childhood and
all of my early, fond associations, very naturally prompts the
question. Why am I here? To me, a question of no small
magnitude — one, the results of which probably lie far in the
future. In answer to the foregoing I would say, I am here
because God has spoken, and raised up a Prophet, through
whom He has restored the fulness of the everlasting Gospel,
with all its gifts, powers, ordinances, and blessings; with a
proclamation to all peoples, "Rej)ent, for the kinf/dom of heaven
is at hand." In the providence of God, I have been called as
an ambassador, to bear this message to the nations of the
earth, which I realize devolves on me a great responsibility
which I cannot discharge without the aid of the Almighty.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY, 49
And liow, another question suggests itself — Hoid came 1
here? In answer to this, I can truly say, the hand of the
Lord has led me, and His power has protected and preserved
me in the midst of those perilous scenes to which voyagers
are often exposed when on the hriny deep in their passage to
foreign lands.
I was nearly two weeks on the way from Cleveland, Ohio,
to New York — traveled upwards of three hundred miles on
the Erie canal. At Albany I took steamboat to New York,
and the next day, after having supplied myself with what
little necessary articles and comforts I needed on the voyage,
went on board a ship just ready to sail, bidding good bye to
New York, after a brief introduction and hasty glance at its
temptations for sight-seeing; and, for the first time, turned
my face from my native land.
I was forty-two days crossing the ocean, and during this
time we encountered three terrible storms — storms which
those accustomed to the ocean pronounced very dangerous.
Unacquainted as I was Avith the turbulent waves, I was unable ,
to judge comparativelj'', but, in a number of instances, to say
the least of it, the scene was fearfully terrific. I did not feel
surprised that men, women a;id children who had not
learned to trust in God, wrung their hands in an agony of
fear, and wept. My trust was in Him who created the seas
and defined their bounds. I was on His errand — I knew that
I was sent on this mission by the authority He recognizes,
and, although the elements raged and the ship swayed and
trembled amid the heaving billows. He was at the helm, and
my life was safe in His keeping.
I think, aunt, that you moved from Massachusetts to
Ohio by land, and that you have had no experience in ocean
life; now, to realize the answer to "How came I here?" Just
look at me in your lively imagination, in one of these terrific
storms, seated on a large hogshead of water — holding on, with
both hands, to ropes near by, in order to retain my position —
50 BIOGRAPHY AND
the ship reeling and dashing from side to side — now and
then a monster wave leaping over the bulwarks, treating all
present with a shower bath — see, sitting near me, a man
weeping bitterly with terror in his countenance — the next
moment a wave shoots over the bulwarks, dashing him from
his seat and landing him precipitately against the bulwark
on the opposite side, from which he arises with a broken
arm and dripping wet; while many others are badly bruised
by having been furiously thrown about. So much for the
upper deck. Now take a peep into the deck below, where
boxes, chests and barrels, having broken loose from their
storage, are slipping and tumbling about among the women
and children, whose groans and cries for help are in vain, so
long as each man has all he can possibly do to take care of
himself, for none but sailors and those accustomed to marine
life can control their movements in a fierce storm on the
mighty deep. No doubt but an imaginative glance at the one
storm will suffice. Now, after the storm subsided and the
bosom of the great deep settled into calm repose, see the tall
masts bow gently before the mildly moving breeze — the
white sails unfurl in placid swells, and again the ship moves
through the parting waves with stately pride, while joy and
gratitude fill every heart.
When we arrived at the Liverpool docks, as the vessel
approached within a few feet of the shore, the hand of an
Englishman was reached forth to assist me. I immediately
seized it and landed upon the island of Great Britain, just
three months from the time I left my father's house in
Illinois, to which place my father and family had been
driven by the ruthless hand of mobocrac3^ The twenty-
second of this month I shall have been four months in
■ England. The pleasure I realized on the termination of
a long and tedious voyage on the ocean cannot be expressed.
Suffice it to say, my heart was full of the highest gratitude
to Him who preserves and sustains those whom He calls
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 51
and sends forth as ministers of salvation to the nations of the
earth.
In Liverpool, I found a branch of the Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-day Saints, with about one hundred mem-
bers. I tarried a few days and spoke in an evening meeting,
then took the train to Manchester, distant thirty miles. On
my arrival, I experienced inexpressible joy in greeting once
more my brethren from America. I stopped in Manchester
about ten days, during which I preached a number of times
and baptized several persons. The population of this city
consists of over three hundred thousand inhabitants.
From Manchester I went by coach to Birmingham.
There I labored in the ministry about three months, and
never enjoyed myself better, nor received kinder treatment.
This great city contains about two hundred thousand inhabit-
ants.
On the eleventh of February, in about five hours I pro-
ceeded by train to London, from which I write you. I am
here, presiding over the Church in London; I also have
charge of several branches established in the vicinity. The
work of the Lord moves on with rapidity in all parts of Her
Majesty's kingdom — in England, Scotland and Wales.
With kind regards to you, dear aunt, and to each mem-
ber of your family, I subscribe myself,
Your affectionate nephew,
L. Snow.
52 BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER X.
Writes from Birmingham. — Church numbers Sixteen. — Conference in Lon-
don.— Lorenzo appointed, to preside over the London Conference. — Con-
firmed in Manchester. — Nine of the Twelve present. — Established a
Branch in Wolverhampton.— Ordained William Henshaw.— Sent him to
Wales. — William Henshaw did a good work, but "died as a fool dieth."
— An encounter with Evil Spirits. — Lorenzo gets tlie Victory. — An
Apostacy succeeds, — April 6th, Conference in Manchester. — Nine of the
Twelve present. — Branches represented.— Officers set apart. — A cake for
the Twelve. — The cake distributed. — A joyfnl time. — Orson Hyde
speaks. — Joseph Fielding speaks — P. P. Pratt composes verses. —
Brigham Young and William Miller sing. — President B. Young dis-
misses.— Poem addressed to L. Snow.
iROTHER Snow writes from Birmingham under date
of 6th December, 1840. He says the Ciiarch there
now numbers sixteen, and that many more are on the
eve of being baptized. He also informs us that the Church
at Greet's Green now numbers about fort}^ members, and that
several in that place will soon become citizens of the King-
dom of God. One of the Methodist preachers has yielded
obedience to the faith." — 3Iille;nnial Star.
February 14, 1841. — At a conference in London, it was
moved by Heber C. Kimball, seconded by Wilford Woodruff,
that Lorenzo Snow be appointed president of this conference;
also to take the superintendency of the Church in London.
This appointment was confirmed on the 6tli of April, at the
annual conference in Manchester. At that conference, nine
of the Quorum of the Twelve were present, viz: Brigham
Young, Heber C. Kimball, Orson Hyde, Parley P. Pratt,
Orson Pratt, Willard Richards, Wilford Woodruff, John Tay-
lor and George A. Smith.
The records show that after Brother Snowy's return from
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 53*
conference up to the 26th of May, he had baptized eighteen
persons.
Before leaving Greet's Green to take charge of the Church
in London, Brother Lorenzo held several meetings in Wolver-
hampton, a flourishing town numbering several thousand
inhabitants. There he succeeded in establishing a branch of
the Church. A man, by name William Henshaw, was one of
the number who embraced the Gospel at that time; a man of
ability and force of character, he became very useful as a
minister of and advocate for the truth.
Brother Snow ordained William Henshaw to the Priest-
hood, and sent him on a mission to Wales to introduce and
open the Gospel door to that people. He was very successful
and greatly blessed in his labors. He had baptized several
hundred persons and organized quite a number of branches
of the Church in that country previous to the arrival of
Captain Dan Jones, who was sent as a missionary from Salt
Lake to that people.
It is a matter of deep regret that, after having performed
a great and good work — after having been instrumental in
bringing into the Church, among the many whom he baptized,
several persons who became prominent and influential
preachers of the Gospel, that he should make shipwreck of
his faith through that destructive demon, intemperance, and
by intoxication destroy the powerful faculties with which God
had endowed him. He crossed the ocean, and, in St. Louis,
died a drunkard. Once beloved and highly respected, he
yielded to the weakness of the flesh, and "died as a fool
dieth" — an object of regret and pity, a warning to those simi-
larly tempted.
Not long after Brother Snow was appointed to preside
over the Church in London, a circumstance occurred which
plainly illustrated the interference of evil spirits in human
affairs, and most strikingly their use as instruments to oppose
the progress of the latter-day work. A band of them under-
54 BIOGRAPHY AND
took to frighten him from his post; but Lorenzo Snow is one
whom neither favor, fright nor force can move from the post
of duty.
At the time referred to, he occupied a well furnished
upper room, and directly after his appointment to the presi-
dency, after retiring to bed at night, he was aroused from sleep
by the most discordant noises. It seemed as though every
piece of furniture in the room was put in motion, going slash-
dash, helter-skelter, back and forth against each other in such
terrible fury that sleep and rest were utter impossibilities.
He endured the unceremonious visitation for several
nights, each night thinking it was the last, that they would
leave as unbidden as they came, until the fact forced itself
upon his mind that so long as he would tamely submit to
their aggressions, so long they would continue to repeat them.
Something must be done. He must claim the right of master
over his own premises.
Accordingly, after a day of fasting and before kneeling to
pray, as was his custom before retiring for the night, he read
aloud a chapter in the Bible, and then, in the name of Jesus
of Nazareth, and by the authority of the Holy Priesthood,
rebuked those spirits, and commanded them to leave the
house — went to bed and had no more disturbance. But those
spirits were not discouraged with one defeat. It was not long
before several members of the Church became disaffected
and came out in open rebellion, insomuch that it was pain-
fully necessary to expel quite a number.
Manchester, April 6, 1841. — The council of the Twelve
assembled in Manchester Hall, on the 6th day of April, 1841,
for the first time, to transact business as a quorum, in the
presence of the Church, in a foreign land, being the first day
of the twelfth year of the rise of the Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-day Saints.
Nine of the Quorum were present. At this Conference
much was done in appointing and setting apart to offices —
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 55
ordaining, etc., as well as representing the various branches
and conferences. All being accomplished, appropriate in-
structions were delivered by different members of the High
Council relative to the duties of the officers in their respec-
tive callings^ etc., etc.
A very richly ornamented cake from New York, from
Elder Adams' wife to the Twelve, was then exhibited to the
meeting. This was blessed by them, and then distributed to
all the officers and members, and then to the whole congrega-
tion, consisting, probably of seven hundred people. A large
fragment was still preserved for some who were not present.
During the distribution, several appropriate hymns were
sung, and a powerful and general feeling of delight seemed
universally to pervade the meeting. While this was proceed-
ing. Elder P. P. Pratt composed and handed over to the clerk
the following lines, which the clerk then read to the meeting,
as follows:
When in far distant regions,
As strangers we roam,
Far'away from our country,
Our friends and our home:
When sinking in sorrow,
Fresh courage we'll take,
As we think on our friends.
And remember the cake.
Elder 0. Hyde appealed powerfully to the meeting, and
covenanted with the b'aints present, in a bond of mutual
prayer, during his mission to Jerusalem and the East, which
was sustained on the part of the hearers with a hearty amen.
Elder Joseph Fielding remarked that it was with the
most pleasing and grateful feeling that he had witnessed the
scenes of this day. And respecting the rich cake of which
they had been partaking, he considered it a type of the good
things of that land from whence it came, and from whence
they had received the fulness of the Gospel. He expressed a
56 BIOGRAPHY AND
hope that they might all hold out till that day, when they
should be assembled to partake of the marriage supper of the
Lamb.
Elder B, Young and Elder William Miller sang the
hymn, "Adieu, my dear brethren, adieu," etc. This was after
the number of the official members present had been "taken —
one hundred and seven.
President Brigham Young blessed the congregation and
dismissed them. — Millennial Star.
At this meeting, Brother Lorenzo reported the London
Conference. No one who has never been located far from
home can realize the happiness he enjoyed while associated
with so many of the Quorum of the Twelve on this occasion.
TO ELDER LORENZO SNOW, LONDON, ENGLAND.
Dearest brother, wherefore leave us ?
Why forsake your friends and home ?
Of your presence, why bereave us,
And in foreign countries roam ?
Must the dearest ties be broken ?
Must affection's garland fade?
No, 0 no! But God has spoken.
And His voice must be obeyed.
You have gone to warn the nations.
In the name of Israel's God;
You are called to bear salvation's
Joyful tidings far abroad.
Now the Gospel proclamation
Must be sounded far and near.
That the best of every nation
May in Zion's courts appear.
In the spirit of devotion
To Messiah's glorious Cause,
You have crossed the pathless ocean.
To proclaim Redemption's laws.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. • 57
You are now a standard bearer
On a distant mountain top,
And perchance ofttimes a sharer
In privation's bitter cup.
God designs to try and prove yoUj
If you will His voice obey;
Therefore from your friends who love you,
You aire parted far away.
You are called yourself to sever
From the land where kindred dwell;
But it will not be forever —
Time will surely break the spell.
Here warm friends await your greeting —
Noble friends of Abra'm's line:
Here are gentle pulses beating
In soft unison with thine.
Here are daily prayers ascending
For th' appointed hour to come;
When your mission nobly ending,
We shall bid you " Welcome home."
Nauvoo, Jan., 1841. E. R. Snow.'
58 BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER XI.
Brother Snow writes to Elder Pratt.— Baptisms. — A hint to the wise. —
Caution and instruction. — Writes to the l^tar. — Increase in the Church in
London.— Good word for Bedford. — Baptisms. — To Elder Pratt. — Sad
news. — Sister Morgan's Death. — Her faithfulness and benevolence. —
Her triumphant departure. — Her Husband is comforted. — Conference. —
Lorenzo informs how subscriptions are obtained. — Singing in Tongues.
— L. appointed First Counselor. — P. P. Pratt speaks.— Stanza.— Queen
Victoria. — Presentation of the Book of Mormon to Her Majesty and the
Prince Consort.
■4.
EXTRACT of a letter written from London on the third
of May, 1841:
Elder Pratt:
I improve a few moments in communicating some few
items in reference to the prosperity of our Redeemer's king-
dom in this metropolis.
I feel happy in having the privilege of stating that the
prospects of Zion's extension and enlargement in this city are
far more encouraging now than at any former time since I
located in London.
Though surrounded with high-handed wickedness of
everj'' description, Zion begins to break forth, and, I trust, ere
long will become a shining lamp in this city.
Many people in various directions are inquiring the way
of salvation, and thanks to her glorious King, Zion is begin-
ning to array herself in her beautiful garments, even with
light and intelligence, faith and power, and her children are
pointing out in plainness the one and only pathway that leads
up into the holy, celestial mansions of eternal rest.
On Sunday, our preaching room is crowded to overflow-
ing. Yesterday morning I had the pleasure of baptizing
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 59
eleven into the fold of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.
Others, also, will soon follow the glorious example.
Lorenzo Snow.
a hint to the wise.
London, May 13, 1841.
The Savior has commanded not to cast pearls before
swine. I am sorry to say that this instruction is not always
sufficiently regarded by those to whom our Lord has given,
through the Everlasting Covenant, His pearls of wisdom,
knowledge, and precious gifts. The consequence is, we lose
blessings instead of retaining them — a decrease of the Holy
Spirit follows, instead of an increase, and our minds become
darkened.
What I allude to is this : we too frequently engage in con-
versation concerning things of the kingdom of God, with
persons of a wrong spirit; and feeling over anxious to make
them see, understand, and acknowledge the light presented,
we urge on, and persist in the conversation until we partake
of the spirit of those with whom we are conversing. We
ought to be particularly guarded against falling into errors of
this kind.
It is very easy to understand when conversation is
attended with profit. We tlien feel our minds enlightened,
and the power of God resting upon us through the Holy
Spirit — ideas flow into our minds, and we express them with
ease, freedom, and calmness.
Conversation conducted in this spirit proves highly
profitable, not only to ourselves, but also to those with whom
we converse; and after its close, our hearts are drawn out in
gratitude to the Most High for the privilege of imparting the
glorious truths of the Gospel to the children of men.
L. Snow.
The following is from the Millennial Star of September,
1841:
60 BIOGRAPHY AND
Elder Snow writes from London, under date of August
21, as follows: Dear Brother — This morning I occupj' a few
moments in communicating a general view of the present
state and prosperity of the London Conference.
Six months since, when I took charge of this conference
we numbered less than one hundred members; since then we
have increased to two hundred and twenty.
I recently had the pleasure of spending three weeks in
Bedford and vicinity. My heart truly rejoiced to witness the
good order, peace and love prevailing there. The zeal and
untiring perseverance of the officers of the Church in Bed-
ford, in leaving their homes on Sunday morning, after hav-
ing labored with their hands all the week, and then walking
eight and ten miles to proclaim the fulness of the Gospel, is
truly worthy of commendation and of imitation by all who
labor in the name, and by the authority of Jesus Christ.
During the time I was in Bedford, twenty-three persons were
baptized into Zion's fold, in that place and vicinity.
London, October 28, 1841.
Elder Pratt:
Dear Brother. — In a moment our joys are turned to sor-
row, our pleasures into pain. Death has entered this part of
Zion's fold, and taken one of her best and most worthy
daughters.
This morning, our beloved sister, Elizabeth Morgan, after
a short illness, bid adieu to her weeping husband, children
and friends, and took her departure to the fair climes of
Immortality. She was beloved by all the Saints, and much
respected throughout the extensive circle of her worldly
acquaintance.
By her faith and knowledge, the curtains of Zion have
been extended, and through her benevolence the Saints have
been made to rejoice. With herself and husband, our Elders
first found a home when they were strangers in London,
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 61
endeavoring to rear the standard of Zion. Their house has
been my home ever since my arrival.
The Church has cause to mourn her loss, especially those
who participated in her friendship when laying the foundation
of this branch, when dark clouds gathered thickly over their
prospects, and all their efforts seemed baffled. But let them
not mourn as for one who dies without hope. She died, not
only in hope, but in the perfect assurance of future glory;
and in her dying moments, wished me to express to Elder
Kimball that she blessed the hour in which he baptized her.
One remarkable circumstance connected with this melan-
choly event, I wish to relate. About two o'clock this morn-
ing, we had given up all hopes of her recovery. We saw it
was the will of God to take her to Himself. We had con-
tinued to offer our prayers in her behalf, and done everything
consistent with scripture and the mind of God. She con-
tinually expressed a wish that no medicine should be admin-
istered to her by a doctor, and particularly requested that "no
blame should be attached to, and no reflections cast upon, her dear
husband and. children, because no doctor had been emjiloyed;. for
she wanted no physician but the Lord."
About two o'clock, she requested me to kneel by her bed-
side, and, for the last time, offer my supplications, and she
said she would depart in peace. I complied with her request,
and while calling upon the Lord in presence of her weeping
husband, children and friends, the Holy Spirit rested on me
in power, and I was moved upon to ask the God of Israel that
her disconsolate husband might be comforted, even if it were
by the ministering of Sister Morgan's departed spirit, that he
might have thereby consolation and fulness of hope.
At the same hour. Sister Bates, of this city — a worthy
member of the Church, had an open vision, in which she saw
Sister Morgan standing in full view before her, clothed in
robes beautiful and white, and around her head were clouds
of glor}^, surpassing in splendor and brilliancy, the sun at
C2 BIOGRAPHY AND
noonday. Sister Bates rejoiced in the vision. It was not a
dream, but an open vision, continuing some length of time.
When the vision closed, she immediately related it to her
husband.
When the vision was made known to Deacon Morgan,
the bereaved husband, he lifted up his head and rejoiced in
sorrow, receiving consolation even in the valley of grief. He
has not a shadow of doubt that the companion of his bosom
now rests in mansions of peace and glory.
Yours in the Everlasting Covenant,
L. Snow.
In the minutes of a general Conference held in Manches-
ter, commencing on the oth of May, 1842, published in the
Millennnial Star, we find the following:
" Elder Snow then addressed the meeting, and stated the
method they had adopted in London Conference of raising
funds for the Temple, which was by holding tea meetings; at
which time any person wishing to appropriate for this pur-
pose, had the opportunity. Elder Snow concluded his address
by singing beautifully in tongues."
Just before leaving England, Elder P. P. Pratt, through
the >S7ar, in a general address to the Saints in Europe, writes
the following — " I therefore recommend and appoint Elder
Thomas Ward as my successor in the office of the General
Presidency of the Church in Europe, in connection with El-
ders Lorenzo Snow and Hiram Clark. To these persons I
commit the care and government of the Church in this
country for the present, trusting that they will conduct and
counsel in all things according to the mind of the Spirit, and
according to the counsel that shall be given them from
Nauvoo from time to time by the Quorum of the Twelve or
the First Presidency.
"I sincerely hope that the officers and members in the
several conferences will uphold and support these men in
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 63
their high and holy calling by the prayer of faith, and by a
willing, submissive and teachable spirit; and in so doing
they will prosper."
STANZA ON THE PRESENTATION OF THE BOOK OF MORMON
TO QUEEN VICTORIA.
BY ELIZA R. SNOW.
Before leaving London, Elder Lorenzo Snow presented
to Her Majesty, Queen Victoria, and His Royal Highness,
Prince Albert, through the politeness of Sir Henry Wheatley,
two neatly bound copies of the Book of Mormon, which had
been donated by President Brigham Young, and left in the
care of Elder Snow for that purpose; which circumstance sug-
gested the following lines:
QUEEN VICTORIA.
Of all the monarchs of the earth,
That wear the robes of royalty,
She has inherited, by birth,
The broadest wreath of majesty.
^ From her wide territorial wing,
The sun does not withdraw its light;
While earth's diurnal motions bring
To other nations, day and night.
All earthly thrones are tottering things,
Where lights and shadows intervene;
And regal honor often brings
The scaffold or the guillotine.
But still her sceptre is approved;
All nations deck the wreath she wears;
Yet, like the youth whom Jesus loved.
One thing is lacking, even there.
64 BIOGRAPHY AND
But, lo ! a prize possessing more
Of worth than gems with honor rife —
A herald of salvation bore
To her the words of endless life.
That gift, however fools deride.
Is worthy of her royal care;
She'd better lay her crown aside
Than spurn the light reflected there.
O would she now her influence bend —
The influence of royalty,
Messiah's Kingdom to extend,
And Zion's " nursing mother" be :
Thus, with the glory of her name
Inscribed on Zion's lofty spire.
She'd win a wreath of endless fame.
To last when other wreaths expire.
Though over millions called to reign —
Herself a powerful nation's boast,
'Twould be her everlasting gain
To serve the King, the Lord of Hosts.
For there are crowns and thrones on high,
And kingdoms there to be conferred —
There honoi-s wait that never die —
There fame's immortal trump is heard.
Truth echoes — 'tis Jehovah's word ;
Let kings and queens and princes hear :
In distant isles the sound is heard :
Ye heavens, rejoice! O earth, give earl
The time — the time is near at hand
To give a glorious period birth :
The Son of God will take command.
And rule the nations of the earth.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 65
CHAPTER XII.
Brother Snow's Mission terminates.— Reports four hundred Members in the
London Conference. — Ts appointed to take charge of two hundred and
fifty Saints en route to Nauvoo. — Embarks on tlie "Swanton." — The
Steward's sickness. — Grows worse and worse. — Is given up, and nearly-
dead. — Sister Martin insists with the Captain, — Is repulsed, and again
asks thai Elder Snow may administer to the Steward.— She obtains con-
sent.— The man is healed. — Baptisms in New Orleans. — The Company
reaches Nauvoo. — Great Reception. — Waving of Handkerchiefs. — The
Prophet present. — Reminiscences. — My joy in meeting Lorenzo. — How
we associated. —Appeal to my Husband. — Their Interview. — The
Result.
N April, 1842, at the Conference in Manchester, President
P. P. Pratt presiding, Lorenzo Snow represented the
London Conference, consisting of four hundred mem-
bers, fourteen Elders, thirty-two Priests, seven Teachers, eight
Deacons, including ten branches. During his presidency he
visited and preached to congregations in many places, bearing
testimony to the truths of the Gospel of the Son of God, hav-
ing, at the time of embarking for his native country, traveled
in England four thousand miles.
At the close of his mission, he was appointed to take
charge of a company of Saints, consisting of about two hun-
dred and fifty souls, en route for Nauvoo ; and in January,
1843, embarked on the ship "Swanton." The commander,
Captain Davenport, and officers of the crew were kind and
courteous, which contributed much to ameliorate the dis-
comfort incident to life on the ocean.
The steward, a German by birth, was a young man, very
affable in manner, and gentlemanly in deportment — a general
favorite and highly respected by all. During the latter part
of the voyage he took sick, and continued growing worse and
66 BIOGRAPHY AND
worse, until death seemed inevitable. All means proved una-
vailing, and the captain, by whom he was much beloved,
gave up all hope of his recovery, and requested the officers
and crew to go in, one by one, and take a farewell look of
their dying friend, which they did silently and solemnly, as
he lay unconscious and almost breathless on his dying couch.
Immediately after this sad ceremon}^ closed, one of our
sisters, by the name of Martin, without my brother's knowl-
edge, went to the captain and requested liim to allow my
brother to lay hands on the steward, according to our faith
and practice under such circumstances, saying that she
believed that the steward would be restored. The captain
shook his head, and told her that the steward was now breath-
ing his last, and it would be useless to trouble Mr. Snow.
But Sister Martin was not to be defeated ; she not only
importuned, but earnestly declared her faith in the result of
the proposed administration, and he finally yielded and gave
consent.
As soon as the foregoing circumstance was communicated
to my brother, he started toward the cabin where the
steward lay, and in passing through the door met the cap-
tain, who was in tears. He said, " Mr. Snow, it is too late;
he is expiring, he is breathing his last!" My brother made
no reply, but took a seat beside the dying man. After devot-
ing a few moments to secret prayer, he laid his hands on the
head of the young man, prayed, and in the name of Jesus
Christ rebuked the disease and commanded him to be made
whole. Very soon after, to the joy and astonishment of all,
he was seen walking the deck, praising and glorifying God
for his restoration. The officers and sailors acknowledged the
miraculous power of God, and on landing at New Orleans
several of them were baptized, also the first mate, February
26, 1843.
At New Orleans the Saints left the "Swanton," and, on
board the "Amaranth," wended their way up the Missouri and
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 67
Mississippi rivers to the city of Nauvoo. Descriptive of their
arrival, I clip the following paragraph from the " History of
Joseph Smith," under date of April 12, 1843:
"Before the Elders' Conference closed, the steamer 'Ama-
ranth' appeared in sight of the Temple, coming up the river,
and about noon landed her passengers at the wharf opposite
the old Post Office building, consisting of about two hundred
and forty Saints from England, under the charge of Elder
Lorenzo Snow, who left Liverpool last January, after a mis-
sion of nearly three years. This is the first boat up this sea-
son."
The time of the arrival had been announced, and many
hearts (mine not excepted) were anxiously and expectantly
beating, and when the steamer came in sight, every eye was
turned in the direction, and as it neared the landing, white
handkerchiefs were waving along the shore, up and down, for
a great distance. President Joseph Smith, with a large num-
ber of brothers and sisters, was present to greet our friends,
and he gave notice to the new comers to meet at the Temple
on the next day at ten o'clock, to receive instructions.
It should be borne in mind that time and progress have
wrought great changes since that event — at that time steam-
ers were not navigating the ocean with the astonishing
rapidity they are doing forty years later — crossing in a few
days ; and, at that time, letter communication was very tardy
in comparison with the present fast age, and cablegram non-
existent. In consideration of these circumstances, it will be
readily understood that a mission to England now differs very
considerably from a mission to England then — saying nothing
about the aid and facilities of the railroads of the present
day. In view of all these improvements, it is easy to compre-
hend that the arrival of a company of Saints from Europe
was hailed as an important event. To me, personally, the
one alluded to above was particularly so.
The appearance of the "Amaranth," as it came in sight,
68 BIOGRAPHY AND
attracted the gaze of many eyes, but I then thought, and still
think, that of all the crowd that watched its progress up the
Mississippi, as it approached the wharf, no one felt a deeper
interest than myself. Knowing that the steamer held a dear
brother with whom, three years before, I parted for an indefi-
nite period, I watched it coming, and the white handkerchiefs
waving from its deck — perhaps one is his, and in a few
moments I shall clasp the hand that waves it ! Although I
determined to appear to the bystanders undemonstrative, I
have not forgotten how my heart beat when the steamer
reached the wharf. It may seem trivial to others, but that
is one of the incidents in my life that has fastened indelibly
on my memory.
While my brother was absent on this, his first mission to
Europe, changes had taken place with me, one of eternal
import, of which I supposed him to be entirely ignorant. The
Prophet Joseph had taught me the principle of plural, or
Celestial Marriage, and I was married to him for time and
eternity. In consequence of the ignorance of most of the
Saints, as well as people of the world, on this subject, it was
not mentioned only privately between the few whose minds
were enlightened on the subject.
Not knowing how my brother would receive it, I did not
feel at liberty, and did not wish to assume the responsibility
of instructing him in the principle of plural marriage, and
either maintained silence, or, to his indirect questioning, gave
evasive answers, until I was forced, by his cool and distant
manner, to feel that he was growing jealous of my sisterly
confidence — that I could not confide in his brotherly integ-
rity. I could not endure this — something must be done. I
informed my husband of the situation, and requested him to
open the subject to my brother. A favorable opportunity
soon presented, and, seated together on the lone bank of the
Mississippi river, they had a most interesting conversation.
The Prophet afterwards told me that he found that my broth-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 69
er's mind had been previously enlightened on the subject in
question, and was ready to receive whatever the spirit of rev-
elation from God should impart. That Comforter which
Jesus said should " lead into all truth," had penetrated his
understanding, and while in England had given him an inti-
mation of what at that time was, to many, a secret. This was
the result of living near the Lord, and holding communion
with Him.
CHAPTER Xin.
Plural Marriage. — It tries the Prophet. — God commands, and he must
obey. — Interview on the bank of the river.— The Prophet's words. —
Gives Lorenzo a precious promise. — Lorenzo and myself visit our
Parents, and return. — Lorenzo goes to Ohio.— Where he finds me on his
return.— Close of 1843— A social gatliering,- Extract from' Lorenzo's
speech. — He organizes a company. — The General's compliment. —
Lorenzo's experience in an unfortunate school.— Makes a success. —
Mobbing at Lima.
T was at the private interview referred to above, that the
Prophet Joseph unbosomed his heart, and described the
trying mental ordeal he experienced in overcoming the
repugnance of his feelings, the natural result of the force of
education and social custom, relative to the introduction of
plural marriage. He knew the voice of God — he knew the
commandment of the Almighty to him was to go forward — to
set the example, and establish Celestial plural marriage. He
knew that he had not only his own prejudices and pre-
possessions to combat and to overcome, but those of the
whole Christian world stared him in the face; but God,
who is above all, had given the commandment, and He
must be obeyed. Yet the Prophet hesitated and deferred
from time to time, until an angel of God stood by him
70 BIOGRAPHY AND
with a drawn sword, and told him that, unless he moved for-
ward and established plural marriage, his Priesthood would
be taken from him and he should be destroyed ! This testi-
mony he not only bore to my brother, but also to others — a
testimony that cannot be gainsay ed.
From my brother's journal: "At the interview on the
bank of the Mississippi, in which the Prophet Joseph ex-
plained the doctrine of Celestial Marriage, I felt very humble,
and in my simplicity besought him earnestly to correct me
and set me right if, at any time, he should see me indulging
any principle or practice that might tend to lead astray, into
forbidden paths; to which he replied, ' Brother Lorenzo, the
principles of honesty and integrity are founded within you,
and you will never be guilty of any serious error or wrong, to
lead you from the path of duty. The Lord will open your
way to receive and obey the law of Celestial Marriage.' Dur-
ing the conversation, I remarked to the Prophet I thought he
appeared to have been endowed with great additional power
during my mission in England. He said it was true; the
Lord had bestowed on him additional divine power."
On the 22d of May, Lorenzo and I started on a visit to
our parents in Walnut Grove, seventy-five miles northeast
from Nauvoo, and we returned on the 1st of June. On the
12th, he left for Ohio; and when he returned on the last of
August, he found me at our sister's, Mrs. Leonora A. Snow
Morley, where our brother's occasional visits were highly ap-
preciated. He spent a few days with us at the close oi the
year 1843. On the evening of December 31, a social circle of
a few choice friends convened at the house of our sister, and
we had a lovely time.
My brother being one of the orators of the evening, and
his sister secretary pro tem., I copy from my own Journal the
following extracts from his parting speech, on the closing
year:
Lima, Sunday Evening, December 31, 1843. The year
AUTOBIOGRAPHY, 71
1843 is just closing upon us with all its eventfulness. "While
meditating upon the subject, the thought suggested to my mind
that it was brother Lorenzo's turn to address those present.
I made the motion, which was seconded and carried unani-
mously (of course) ; and responding, he gave a very interest-
ing address — beautifully adapted to the occasion and to the
peculiar circumstances of those present.
He spoke of the anticipations of the future, on which the
past had a very important bearing — the probable eventful
scenery of the year about to open before us. In referring to
the past, he said that the individuals present, while standing
on the threshold of the year now closing, did not and could
not imagine it possible for the changes to transpire which have
transpired, with the reception and understanding — the light
and intelligence connected with principles of salvation, etc.,
which will have an important bearing upon our future wel-
fare; and we may also expect that the coming year will be as
replete with interesting changes, and with consequences of
more importance than our minds at present are capable of
comprehending.
But from the marvellous dealings of Divine Providence
in overruling all things for our good — in bringing us safely
through difficult scenes, we may look forward without the
least anxiety — having everything to hope and nothing to fear.
In referring to his own personal experience he said that
one year ago he was in the great city of London, presiding
over the conference of Saints in the metropolis, and officiat-
ing as first counselor to the President of all the Churches in
the British Empire — looking forward with deep solicitude,
anticipating the difficulties and dangers that awaited him in
crossing the boisterous ocean, and holding the responsibility
attendant on leading up to Zion a company of Saints; but the
Lord had brought him through most successfully; and we
are here together, enjoying the blessings of social life, etc., etc.
He said, the year upon which we are soon to enter will.
72 BIOGRAPHY AND
probably, release some of us from the difficulties into which
the changes of the past have placed us; it will open our path
and make things clear before us, but, perhaps we shall then
meet other things of an unpleasant nature, as consequent
attendants on those circumstances, and that scenery in
which we may find ourselves.
He forcibly suggested the utility of suppressing all anxi-
ety with respect to the future, saying, " How illy were we
qualified one year ago to pass through the scenes through
which we have been led with success ! From which, let us
realize the folly of an over anxiety to pry into scenes that are
lying before us, inasmuch as God will prepare the way by a
gradual process, step by step; and leading us forward in a
manner that will prove easy, as we pass along, but which, if
presented to our view at once, would seem insurmountable."
He said that inasmuch as we are disposed to do right, we
may learn from the past 'year's experience, that those things
which we are called to suffer, produce a very different effect
upon the mind from what we should anticipate if they were
presented before us in prospect; producing pleasure and sat-
isfaction where we would look for misery. While we reflect
with astonishment on the past, we may be instructed to set
our hearts at rest with regard to the future; and also by con-
trasting the situations of some present with our situations one
year ago, and taking into consideration our present enjoy-
ments, we find it practicable for the mind to rise superior to
circumstance; by having cultivated in our bosoms such prin-
ciples as are calculated to elevate the affections — bring the
feelings into subjection and give stability to the mind ; thus
producing happiness independent of outward contingencies —
possessing our happiness within ourselves.
He said, in taking a retrospective view of our lives, even
from the time we embraced the Gospel, although we had
passed through some scenes of severe trials, God had borne
us off victoriously thus far, even to our great astonishment
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 73
and we may confidently trust in His guidance and protection
for the coming year !
I will here record a little circumstance which transpired
a short time after my brother returned from his English mis-
sion, as follows:
By request of Lieutenant General Joseph Smith. for him
to organize a military company, which was to constitute a por-
tion of the celebrated " Nauvoo Legion," Lorenzo proceeded
at once. The company which he organized was mostly com-
posed of volunteers from the company of Saints he had re-
cently conducted from England. In the selection of officers,
he was chosen captain.
At their first parade they were inspected by Gen. Smith,
by whom the captain was highly complimented for the fine
martial appearance and good military maneuvering of his
company. It would not be at all surprising if an encomium
from that source should arouse the long dormant military
spirit of a man, who, as his early history tells, had so strik-
ingly manifested a chivalrous vein in his " make up." Suffice
it to say, the " Legion " claims the finale of Lorenzo's military
tactics.
An interval occurred between the missionary travels of
my brother, which he decided to spend alternately between
Nauvoo and the home of our sister, Mrs. L. A. Morley.
Her home was in a small town called Lima, thirty miles
south of Nauvoo. A few families of the Saints had clustered
there, but most of the inhabitants were " old settlers," and
anti-Mormon in their feelings, yet, when there was no up-
rising, very friendly and respectful to those of our people Avho
sojourned among them.
Knowing that Lorenzo was rather leisurely that winter,
the trustees solicited him to teach their district school. He
consented, although, at the time, he well knew that he was
taking an elephant by the bitts. The condition of that school
was simply preposterous. A club of rough, ungovernable,
/4 BIOGRAPHY AND
rowdy boys, for some time previous, had prided themselves
on whipping teachers and breaking up schools. The Saints
being a small minority, could exercise no authority to remedy
the evil, and the " old settlers" too indifferent on the subject
of education to do so, and the roughs carried the day, inso-
much that no teacher had been able to complete his term for
some time before this, without serious difficulty.
Lorenzo was unaccustomed to defeat, and in this instance
was willing to risk the chances. In the first place, he must
obtain a school certificate of his moral character and proper
qualifications, in order to secure the share of public money to
which the district was entitled. Mr. Williams, a notorious
mobocrat, was the one authorized to issue certificates, and to
him my brother applied. The examination was not only
brief, but very superficial — sufficiently so to exhibit Williams'
profound ignorance, which was truly amusing.
The day arrived — he opened school — the belligerents were
at their post, and as he proceeded in the arrangements, he
noticed a half dozen of those boys grouped together, eying and
scrutinizing him in that kind of earnestness that means busi-
ness. Without a wise policy on his part, a battle was inevita-
ble. "Stoop to conquer," was at this juncture .his watchword.
Physically they had decidedly the advantage of him, but
mentally the advantage was altogether on his side. He
resolved to win respect by conferring it. " Love, and love only,
is the loan for love," and he addressed those boys as though
they were most respectable gentlemen. Grown up without
either moral or mental culture, they were larger, and some of
them perhaps older than himself.
He took especial pains to impress them with a sense of
the interest he felt in their behalf, and the efforts he pur-
posed making to assist them forward in their studies, with
his peculiar faculty for teaching — the ambition he felt in this
direction, etc., etc. In this way, by kindness and persuasion?
their feelings relaxed — their confidence was won, and with
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 75
patient and continued exertions, the unscrupulous roughs
were transformed into respectful students; and long before
the expiration of the term, with surprising progress, they had
become habitually studious.
The parents of those sons whom, through the wisdom
that God had given, my brother had civilized, moralized and
mentalizcd, were delighted with the wonderful changes, and
expressed their high appreciation and deep gratitude for the
interest he had taken in their behalf.
Patriarch Morley, the husband of our sister Leonora, pre-
sided over the Saints at Lima. A few families, mostly his
family connections, had grouped together and formed a little
neighborhood of their own, which was known as the " Morley
Settlement." Here occurred the first violent outbreak of hos-
tilities against the Latter-day Saints in the State of Illinois.
It commenced in a sudden raid in which houses and other
conbustible property were burned, to that extent that the
Saints had to flee precipitately, and destitute, to Nauvoo, leav-
ing their real estate possessions to a heartless mob.
76 BIOGRAPHY AND
. CHAPTER XIV.
The Prophet instructs the Twelve.— They appoint a Delegation to seek a
location forfthe Saints. — Lorenzo notified to be in readiness. — Change
intervenes. — An «nprecedented apostacy. — Joseph Smith's correspond-
ence.— Calls for an expression from candidates for the Presidency. —
Copy of Appeal. — Disgusted with their responses.— Offers himself as
candidate. — Elders electioneer. — How Lorenzo succeeds. — Terrible news
— Assassination. — Mournful Elegy. — Meeting mobocrats.
N the 20th of February, 1844, the Prophet .Joseph
Smith instructed the Twelve Apostles to seud a dele-
gation and make explorations in Oregon and Califor-
nia, and seek a good location to which w^e can remove after
the Temple is completed, and 'hchere we can build a city in
a day, and have a government of our own.""
In accordance with the foregoing instructions, the Twelve
apppointed the following committee: Jonathan Dunham,
Phineas H. Young, David D. Yearsley, David Fullmer,
Alphonso Young, James Emmett, George D. Watt, Daniel
Spencer. Subsequently others, including Lorenzo Snow, were
called, and some volunteers were added to the above list.
Previous to this, the Prophet had remarked to me that
he anticipated moving to the Rocky Mountains with all his
family, where he could live in peace and worship God unmo-
lested. But other scenes and prospects awaited us. Ever busy
change was hurrying onward to a fearful point. The most
inveterate apostacy that this Church has yet had to meet was
inaugurated in open rebellion against the authorities and the
Priesthood in general.
After the expulsion of the Latter-day Saints from the
State of Missouri, the authorities of the Church, from time to
time, appealed to the rulers of the nation for redress. When
AUTOBIOGRAPHY, 77
Martin Van Buren filled the presidential chair, the Prophet
Joseph, after acquainting His Excellency with the causes of
our grievances, received from our Chief Magistrate the laconic
response: " Y(>ur cause is Just, hut I can do nothing for
your
When the campaign of 1843 opened, Joseph Smith
opened correspondence with those brought forward as candi-
dates for the presidency, requesting an expression of their
views and the policy they proposed to pursue toward the
"Mormons," if elected. The following is a copy of the docu-
ment:
Nauvoo, III., November 4, 1843.
Dear Sir. — As we understand you are a candidate for the
presidency at the next election, and as the Latter-day Saints
(sometimes called "Mormons," who constitute a numerous
class in the school politic of this vast republic) have been
robbed of an immense amount of property, and endured
nameless sufferings, by the State of Missouri, and from her
borders have been driven by force of arms, contrary to our
national covenants; and as in vain we have sought redress by
all constitutional, legal and honorable means, in her courts,
her executive councils, and her legislative halls; and as we
have petitioned Congress to take cognizance of our sufferings,
without effect, we have judged it wisdom to address you this
communication, and solicit an immediate, specific and candid
reply to, What will be your rule of action relative to us as a
people, should fortune favor your ascension to the Chief
Magistracy?
Most respectfully, sir, your friend, and the friend of
peace, good order and constitutional rights,
Joseph Smith,
In behalf of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints.
A copy of the above was sent to John 0. Calhoun, Lewis
78 BIOGRAPHY AND
Cass, Richard M. Johnson, Henry Clay and Martin Van
Buren.
After receiving their answers, he was so thoroughly dis-
gusted with their narrow, illiberal sentiments, that he pub-
lished a manifesto, in which he boldly expressed his "Views
OF THE Powders and Policy of the Government or the
United States," a document well worthy the study of the
most erudite student of national policies.
At length, to the surprise and intense gratification of
many of his friends, Joseph Smith acceded to their repeated
solicitations, and consented to become a candidate for the
presidency of the United States.
Those who best knew him — those who comprehended the
depth of his understanding, the greatness of his soul, the
superhuman wisdom with which he was endowed, the magni-
tude of his calling as the leader of the dispensation of the ful-
ness of times, and the mouthpiece of God to this generation,
considered it a marked condescension for him to be willing to
accept the position of President of the United States; while
those who, not having any personal acquaintance with him,
had formed their opinions by the scurrilous reports circulated
about him, and only knew of him as a base impostor — an
ignorant leader of a poor, despised people, designated it as
one of the most absurd and even ludicrous of all pretensions.
The idea of "old Jo Smith" aiming at the highest gift of the
nation — "the money digger" assuming such prerogative,
struck them with as much astonishment, and was treated
with as much derision as though he had been one of Mac-
beth's ghosts.
But his friends were in earnest. They knew that through
the revelations of God he was in possession of higher intelli-
gence, and more correct understanding of national policies,
and particularly the needs of our own government as a
republic, than any other man living. After he had submitted
himself to be announced as a candidate for the presidency, a
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 79
national convention assembled in Nauvoo, in which eighteen
States were represented.
Subsequently to this the Twelve (with the exception of
Willard Richards and John Taylor) and many other promi-
nent Elders were sent to various parts of the United States,
which the following extract from Lorenzo's journal will
explain :
I was appointed to take the supervision of the political
interests of General Joseph Smith, as candidate for the presi-
dential chair, in Ohio, my native State. For this purpose I
left Nauvoo, and proceeded directly, by steamboat and stage,
to the neighborhood of Kirtland, in the northern part of the
State, where I secured the printing of several thousand
pamphlets, setting forth his political views, suggestions, pro-
positions, etc., for distribution.
I then procured a horse and buggy, and traveled through
the most populous portions of th? country, lecturing, canvass-
ing, and distributing pamphlets. Many people, both Saints
and Geijtiles, thought this a bold stroke of policy; however,
our own people generally, whom I met, were quite willing to
use their influence and devote their time and energies to the
promotion of the object in view.
I had a very interesting time — had many curious inter-
views, and experienced many singular circumstances, on this
my first and last electioneering tour. To many persons who
knew nothing of Joseph, but through the ludicrous reports in
circulation, the movement seemed a species of insanity, while
others, with no less astonishment, hailed it as a beacon of
prosperity to our national destiny. In the midst of these
extremes, my progress was suddenly brought to a close, by a
well confirmed report of the massacre of the Prophet and his
brother Hyrum.
When this terrible news reached me, I was near Cincin-
nati, to which place I immediately repaired, and found the
Apostle, Amasa Lyman, who had just arrived from Nauvoo
80 BIOGRAPHY AND
with intelligence of the martyrdom, and with counsel and
instructions to the Saints and Elders.
The news of this sad event, of course, came wholly unex-
pected, and struck me with profound astonishment and grief,
which no language can portray. As a partial expression of
my thoughts and feelings, I quote the following lines, written
by my sister:
THE ASSASSINATION OF GENERALS JOSEPH SMITH AND
HYRUM SMITH,
FIRST PRESIDENTS OP THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OP LATTER-DAY SAINTS,
WHO WERE MASSACRED BY A MOB, IN CARTHAGE, HANCOCK
CO., ILL., ON THE 27tH OF JUNE, 1844.
And when he had opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls
of them that were slain for the Avord of God, and for the testimony which
they held:
And they cried with a loud voice, saying, How long, O Lord, holy and
true, dost thou not judge and avenge our blood on them that dwell on the
earth?
And white robes were given unto every one of them; and it was said
unto them, that they should rest yet for a little season, until their fellow-
servants also and their brethren, that should be killed as they were, should
be fulfilled.— Rev., vi; 9, 10, 11.
Ye heavens, attend! Let all the earth give ear!
Let Gods and seraphs, men and angels hear:
The worlds on high — the universe shall know.
What awful scenes are acted here below!
Had Nature's self a heart, her heart would bleed
At the recital of so foul a deed;
For never, since the Son of God was slain.
Has blood so noble flowed from human vein, i
, As that which now on God for vengeance calls
From "Freedom's" ground — from Carthage prison walls.
Oh, Illinois! thy soil has drunk the blood
Of Prophets, martyred for the truth of God.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 81
Once loved America! what can atone
For the pure blood of innocence thou'st sown?
Were all thy streams in teary torrents shed,
To mourn the fate of those illustrious dead,
How vain the tribute for the noblest worth,
That graced thy surface, 0 degraded earth!
Vile, wretched murderers, fierce for human blood,
You've slain the Prophets of the living God;
Who've borne oppression from their early youth,
To plant on earth, the principles of truth.
Shades of our patriot fathers! Can it be,
Beneath your blood-stained flag of liberty,
The firm supporters of our country's cause,
Are butchered while submissive to her laws?
Yes, blameless men, defamed by hellish lies.
Have thus been offered as a sacrifice,
T' appease the ragings of a brutish clan,
That has defied the laws of God and man!
'Twas not for crime or guilt of theirs, they fell:
Against the laws they iiever did rebel.
True to their country, yet her plighted faith
Has proved an instrument of cruel death.
Great men have fallen, mighty men have died —
Nations have mourned their fav' rites and their pride;
But, t\vo so wise, so virtuous and so good.
Before on earth, at once, have never stood
Since the Creation — men whom God ordained ,
To publish truth where error long had reigned;
Of whom the world itself unworthy proved;
It KNEW THEM NOT, but men with hatred moved,
And with infernal spirits have combined
Against the best — the noblest of mankind.
0, pefsecutioni shall thy purple hand
Spread utter desolation through the land?
Shall Freedom's banner be no more unfurled?
Has peace, indeed, been taken from the world?
7
82 BIOGKAPIIY AND
Thou God of Jacob, in tliis trying hour,
Help us W trust in Thy Almighty power —
Support the Saints beneath this awful stroke —
Make bare Thine arm to break oppression's yoke.
We mourn Thy Prophet, from whose lips have flowed
The words of life Thy Spirit has bestowed —
A depth of thought no human art could reach,
From time to time, flowed in sublimest speech,
From Thj- celestial fountain, through his mind,
To purify and elevate mankind;
The rich intelligence by him brought forth,
Is like the sunbeam spreading o'er the earth.
Now Zion mourns — she mourns an earthly head;
Her Prophet and her Patriarch are dead;
The blackest deed that men and devils know.
Since Calv'ry's scene, has laid the brothers low.
One while in life, and one in death — they proved
How strong their friendship — how they truly loved;
Tx'ue to their mission, until death they stood.
Then sealed their testimony with their blood.
All hearts with sorrow bleed, and every eye
Is bathed in tears; each bosom heaves a sigh;
Heart broken widows' agonizing groans
Are mingled with the helpless orphans' moans.
Ye Saints! be still, and know that God is just —
With steadfast purpose in His promise trust;
Girded with sackcloth, own His mighty hand,
And wait His judgments on this guilty land.
The noble Martyrs now have gone to move
The cause of Zion in the courts above.
Nauvoo, July 1, 1844,
With saddened heart I then returned to the vicinity of
Kirtland, from whence I started — arranged some matters of
business and set my face homeward, traveling with horse and
buggy; nothing of interest, worthy of notice, occurring,
except, perhaps, I might mention a little incident which hap-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 83
pened after passing through Carthage, the place of Joseph
and Hyrum's martyrdom.
The spirit of destruction, mobocracy and murder was
rampant, and our enemies in Carthage, and other towns and
settlements in the vicinity of Nauvoo, were seeking every
opportunity to wreak vengeance upon our people, especially
when it could be accomplished without endangering them-
selves.
One morning, near the break of day, as I approached the
summit of a long hill, I saw about a dozen fierce looking
men, armed with guns and bowie knives, advancing towards
me. As we approached each other about half way down the
hill, they eyed me very suspiciously — stopped, talked low and
excitedly, but just at that moment one of my buggy wheels
struck a stone, giving the vehicle a sudden jolt, upon which
I turned towards them, and in an angry voice exclaimed,
"Boys! Why in hell don't you repair this road!" "jfiTe is
one of us," quickly remarked one of the group. "He is all
rif/ht, lei him pass."
I had several hundred dollars about my person, most of
which had been entrusted to me to be delivered to various
parties; how far my uncouth and undignified expression
went as security for their money, must be left to conjecture.
84 BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER XV.
Lorenzo a Bachelor.— The Prophet instructs him.— He changes tactics. —
Marries. — Wives and Endowments. — In the Temple. — Wrath of our
Enemies. — Expulsion of the Saints. — Cross the Mississippi River. —
Intensely cold.— Snow storm. — Outfit. — Camp organized. — Moves for-
ward.— Song No. 1. — Song No, 2.
P to this time my brother lived a bachelor. The great
work in which he was engaged as a missionary of the
Gospel of salvation to the nations of the earth, had so
engrossed his mind and engaged the energies of his soul, that
virtually he had ignored the first commandment to " multiply
and replenish the earth." To devote his time, his talents, his
all to the ministry was his all-absorbing desire; and in conso-
nance with this desire, he had cherished the idea that domes-
tic responsibility would lessen his usefulness; and, until the
law of Celestial Marriage was fully explained to him by the
Prophet Joseph Smith, in a prolonged interview while the
two were seated alone on the bank of the Mississippi river, as
before related, he had not conceived the idea that marriage
was one of the duties of the great mission of mortal life.
With him, this, as well as every other practical doctrine,
was only to be understood to be obeyed. It is one of his
peculiarities to do nothing by halves; and when convinced of
the duty of marriage, and that it was a privilege accorded
him in connection with his ministerial calling, he entered into
it on an enlarged scale, by having two wives sealed to him in
the holy bonds of matrimony, for time and eternity, at the
same time; and not long after, another was added to the num-
ber, and then another. Thus, all at once, as it were, from the
lone bachelor he was transformed into a husband invested
with many domestic responsibilities. Probably a realizing
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 85
sense of the fact that he had arrived at the mature age of
thirty-one years in celibacy, suggested to him the propriety of
making up for lost time by more than ordinary effort, and out
of the old beaten track.
Previous to the administration of those sacred sealing or-
dinances, he explained to each of the chosen ones the law,
obligations and object of Celestial Marriage, and that he might
be expected to take others — that the ceremony being precisely
the same for each, they would all occupy the same equal posi-
tion, no one having a higher claim than another.
It was distinctly understood and agreed between them
that their marriage relations should not, for the time being,
be divulged to the world; but if circumstances should be such
that he would wish to acknowledge as wife, before the world,
either one of them, he should be permitted to do so.
Early in the winter of 1845-6, the Nauvoo Temple was
so far completed that the administration of the sacred ordi-
nances of the Holy Priesthood was commenced, and contin-
ued until about the first of February — thousands of the Saints
receiving endowments and sealings. My brother and his
wives, among the number, had their washings, anointings and
endowments, and were sealed at a holy altar, a privilege and
blessing which they estimated above all earthly honors.
When Lorenzo walked across the inner court of the Temple
proceeding to the aitar, accompanied by his four wives, all
stately appearing ladies, one of the Temple officiates
exclaimed, "And his train filled the Temple ! "
The wrath and bloodthirsty spirit of our enemies, sus-
tained and encouraged by State authority, at this time pre-
dominated to that degree that the labors in the Temple were
closed, and the energies of the Saints directed towards a hasty
flight, to avoid impending extirpation. Time and circum-
stances admitted of very little, and in many instances, no
preparation for a journey of an indefinite length; and to what
point we did not know, but go we must.
S& BIOGRAPHY AKL)
I crossed the Mississippi river on the 12th of February;
my brother, with a portion of his family, a few days later,
after having made the necessary arrangements for the others
to follow. On the day in which he crossed the river, the
Nauvoo Temple took lire, but fortunately the fire was extin-
guished before much damage was sustained.
We camped near the bank of the river, in a small grove.
We were poorly prepared for the journey before us, especially
a.t this season of the year. A heavy snowstorm occurred,
after w^hich the weather turned intensely cold, and caused
considerable sufifering. My brother had two wagons and a
small tent, one cow and a scanty supply of provisions and
clothing, and yet was much better ofif than some of our neigh-
bors in our general encampment.
On the 7th of February, 1846, Brigham Young, our great
leader under God, organized the Camp in order for traveling.
Lorenzo was, at this time or soon after, appointed captain
over the ten in which Parley P. and Orson Pratt and their
families were included. On the first day of March, the
ground covered with snow, we broke encampment about noon,
and soon nearly four hundred wagons were moving to — vjc
knew not where.
As applicable to the circumstances, I here insert two
poems which I wrote in Camp:
CAMP OF ISRAEL.
No. 1.
Although in woods and tents we dwell,
Shout ! shout ! O Camp of Israel:
No '"Christian " mobs on earth can bind
Our thoughts, or steal our peace of mind.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 87
Chorus.
Though we fly from vile aggression,
We'll maintain our pure profession —
Seek a peaceable possession,
Far from Gentiles and oppression.
We'd better live in tents and smoke.
Than wear the cursed Gentile yoke;
We'd better from our country fly,
Than by mobocracy to die.
Chorus. — Though we fly, etc.
We've left the City of Xauvoo,
And our beloved Temple too;
And to the wilderness we go,
Amid the winter frosts and snow.
Choeus.
Our homes were dear — we loved them well —
Beneath our roofs we lain would dwell,
And honor our great God's commands.
By mutual rights of Christian lands.
Chorus.
Our persecutors will not cease
Their murd'rous spoiling of our peace,
And have decreed that we shall go
To wilds where reeds and rushes grow.
Chorus.
The Camp, the Camp — its numbers swell —
Shout! shout! O Camp of Israel!
The King, the Lord of hosts is near,
His armies guard our front and rear.
Chorus.
West side of the Mississippi, Feb. 19th, 184G.
88 BIOGRAPHY AND
CAMP OF ISRAEL.
No. 2.
Lo, a mighty host of Jacot,
Tented on the western shore
Of the noble Mississippi,
They had crossed, to cross no more.
At the last day-dawn of winter.
Bound with frost and wrapped in snow;
Hark! the cry is "Onward, onward !
Camp of Israel, rise and go."
All at once is life and motion —
Trunks, and beds, and baggage fly;
Oxen yoked, and horses harnessed,
Tents rolled up and passing by:
Soon the carriage wheels are moving.
Onward to a woodland dell.
Where at sunset all are quartered —
Camp of Israel, all is well.
Thickly 'round the tents are clustered,
Neighb' ring smokes together blend;
Supper served, the hymns are chanted.
And the evening prayers ascend.
Last of all the guards are stationed —
Heavens! must guards be serving here?
Who would harm the houseless exiles?
Camp of Israel, never fear.
Where is Freedom? Where is Justice?
Both have from this nation fled;
And the blood of martyred Prophets
Must be answered on ifs head !
Therefore, to your teiits, 0 Jacob!
Like our Father Abra'm dwell;
God will execute His purpose —
Camp of Israel, all is well.
March 1st, 1846.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 89
CHAPTER XVI.
Garden Grove. — Pisgah.— Severe sickness. — Death of Elder Huntington. —
Lorenzo called to preside. — Condition of the Saints. — A dilemma. —
Lorenzo's policy. — How he succeeded. — A ludicrous and enjoyable
entertainment. — Births. — Death. — Life incidents. — President Young's
call. — Appointments.— Another wife. — Arrives in the Valley. — Ordained
into the Quorum of the Twelve. — Builds a log house.
4- 'f
[E moved slowly forward. As this was the breaking
up of winter, travel with teams was exceedingly
difficult, especially as our teams were not suitably
provided for; the animals lived mostly on browse (buds and
twigs of trees, which were felled for this purpose), and, conse-
quently, were weak and poor.
At a locality which we named Garden Grove, we made a
halt, and commenced an improvement by building a few log
, huts, etc. This was done, more especially, for the benefit of
those who would follow — a few remaining to cultivate the
ground and prepare a resting place for the weary Saints, while
the main body of the camp moved forward to another halt-
ing place, which we named Pisgah.
Now to my brother's journal: At this place I was taken
seriously and dangerously ill with a burning fever, which so
affected my brain that I was delirious many days, lying at
the point of death. While in this condition. Elder Phineas
Richards, the father of Apostle F. D. Richards, assisted
by other kind brethren, took me from my bed, wrapped in
a sheet — placed me in a carriage, drove to a stream of
water, and baptized me in the name of the Lord, for
my recovery. The fever immediately abated, and through
kind, unwearied nursing and attention, by my faithful, lov-
ing wives, and my dear sister, E. R. S. Smith, aided and
dO BIOGRAPHY AND
sanctified through the power and blessing of God, I was deliv-
ered from suffering and restored to health. The sickness was
the result of extreme hardships and exposures consequent on
the journey.
Elder William Huntington was called to preside over
the settlement in Pisgali, which position he filled until, as
many others in that location, he was removed by death, and
his mortal remains consigned to the silent grave. After his
death, Elder Charles G. Rich was appointed to fill the
vacancy. In the following Spring, 1847, Elder Rich left for the
Bluffs, to join the main body of emigrants, and I succeeded
him as president of Pisgah.
By this time the Saints in Pisgah were in a very destitute
condition, not only for food and clothing, but also for teams
and wagons to proceed on their journey. Several families
were entirely out of provision, and dependent on the charity
of their neighbors, who, in most cdses, were illy prepared to
exercise that virtue. But, above all this, a sweeping sickness
had visited the settlement, when there were not sufficient
well ones to nurse the sick; and death followed in the wake,
and fathers, mothers, children, brothers, sisters and dearest
friends fell victims to the destroyer, and were buried with
little ceremony, and some destitute of proper burial clothes.
Thus were sorrow and mourning added to destitution. (Here
the journal closes for the present.)
What a dilemma! And who better calculated to cope
with it than L'orenzo Snow? With an indomitable energy —
a mind fruitful in expedients, and a firmness of purpose
that never yielded to discouragement, he proved himself
equal to an emergency which would have terrified men of
ordinary abilities.
In the first place he moved to arouse and combine the
energies of the people — organized the brethren in companies,
making selections of suitable men, some to proceed to the
Gentile setlements to obtain work for provisions and
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 91
clothing, others to put in crops at home and look after the
families of those who were called away — to repair wagons,
making new ones out of old, and to manufacture chairs, bar-
rels, tubs, churns, baskets and such other articles as could be
disposed of to advantage in the neighboring settlements.
In creating the desirable and necessary union and per-
fecting thes3 arrangements, he met with much opposition
from some who professed to be Latter-day Saints, in conse-
quence of their ignorance and selfishness; but through the
blessings of the Lord, he succeeded in having his plans suc-
cessfully executed.
He sent Elders Dana and Cambell, two intelligent and
judicious brethren, to the State of Ohio and other parts of the
country, to solicit aid, to invite rich Gentiles to contribute to
the wants of the Saints and assist them in their journey west-
ward. They succeeded in gathering funds amounting to
about six hundred dollars. The arrangements entered into
resulted in supplying the people with abundance of food and
clothing, besides facilitating the exodus of those who wished
to proceed on the journey as early as practicable.
Now the joirnal speaks: I had the pleasure of taking a
wagon load of provisions up to the Bluffs, and in behalf of
the Saints of Pisgah, presenting it to President Brigham
Young as a New Year's gift, who manifested a warm feeling
of gratitude for this kind token of remembrance.
During the long winter months, I sought to keep up the
spirits and courage of the Saints in Pisgah, not' only by inau-
gurating meetings for religious worship and exercises, in
different parts of the settlement, but also by making provi-
sions for, and encouraging proper amusements of various
kinds. These entertainments corresponded with our circum-
stances, and, of course, were of a very unpretentious and
primitive character; their novel simplicity and unlikeness to
anything before witnessed, added greatly to the enjoyment.
They were truly exhibitions of ingenuity.
92 BIOGRAPHY AKD
As a sample, I will attempt a description of one, which
I improvised for the entertainment of as many as I could
reasonably crowd together in my humble family mansion,
which was a one-story edifice, about fifteen by thirty, con-
structed of logs, with a dirt roof and ground floor, displaying
at one end a chimney of modest height, made of turf cut
from the bosom of Mother Earth. Expressly for the occasion
we carpeted the floor with a thin coating of clean straw, and
draped the walls with white sheets drawn from our feather-
less beds.
How to light our hall suitably for the coming event was
a consideration of no small moment, and one which levied a
generous contribution on our ingenuity. , But we succeeded.
From the pit where they were buried, we selected the largest
and fairest turnips — scooped out the interior, and fixed short
candles in them, placing them at intervals around the walls,
suspending others to the ceiling above, which was formed
of earth and cane. Those lights imparted a very peace-
able, quiet. Quakerlike influence, and the light reflected
through those turnip rinds imparted a very picturesque
appearance.
During the evening exercises, several of my friends, in
the warmest expressions possible, complimented me and my
family for the peculiar taste and ingenuity displayed in those
unique and inexpensive arrangements.
The hours were enlivened, and happily passed, as we
served up a dish of succotash, composed of short speeches,
full of life and sentiment, spiced with enthusiasm, appro-
priate songs, recitations, toasts, conundrums, exhortations,
etc., etc. At the close, all seeped perfectly satisfied, and
withdrew, feeling as happy as though they were not homeless.
In Pisgah, my family was composed of the following
individuals: Mary Adaline (my eldest wife); Hyrum, Orville
and Jacob, her sons by a former husband; Charlotte, Sarah
Ann, Harriet Amelia. Porter and John Squires continued as
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 93
members of my family until we arrived in Salt Lake Valley,
and, in fact, till I returned from my Italian mission.
All of the women above mentioned were sealed to me as
my wives in the Temple at Nauvoo, where we all received our
second anointings.
In Pisgah, Charlotte gave birth to a daughter (my first-
born), which we named Leonora, after my eldest sister. Also
Adaline gave birth to a daughter, named Rosetta, after my
mother.
Little Leonora was taken sick and died, and with deep
sorrow we bore her remains to their silent resting place, to be
left alone, far from her father and the mother who gave her
birth. Sarah Ann also gave birth to a daughter, named after
my sister and her mother, Eliza Sarah.
Before the spring opened and grass grew sufficient to sus-
tain our stock, we were under the necessity of felling trees, to
feed our animals upon the buds and twigs, to keep them
alive.
In the latter part of winter, my only cow sickened and
died, a loss which we seriously felt. She had been a great
help to us on our journey, by supplying us with milk — was
remarkably domesticated, kind and gentle. She was a present
from Sister Hinckley, of Portage County, Ohio. People
familiar with the circumstances of the Saints at that time
would readily pardon my family for shedding a few tears on
the occasion. Incidents which in after years would seem of
very little or no consequence were at that time subjects of
grave consideration.
One night, when our animals were driven into the corral,
after having browsed among the tree tops through the day, it
was discovered that one steer was missing. Early the next
morning, with great anxiety, we went in search of it. About
a mile from home we came to the river, along the bank of
which our stock had been feeding. The stream was much
swollen in consequence of the melting snow and ice. For a
94 BIOGRAPHY AND
long time our search was fruitless; at last, when about to give
up the pursuit, I discovered, on the opposite side of -the river,
the head and horns of my drowned ox protruding out between
some large cakes of ice. I must confess a feeling of sadness
stole over me at the unwelcome sight. It broke up one of my
teams which it really seemed impossible for me either to spare
or replace.
Early in the spring of 1848, Lorenzo was counseled by
President Young to join him and his company, and proceed
to the valleys of the mountains. Prompt to the instructions,
he organized a company comprising about twenty-five families
and started westward.
On arrival at the " Horn," he was appointed captain over
one of the " hundreds," embracing one hundred wagons. He
selected 'Elder Leman Hyde captain over one "fifty," and
Elder John Stoker captain of the other "fifty."
On the day his company left their encampment at the
"Horn," another wife, Eleanor, was sealed to him by Presi-
dent Brigham Young. The journal says: I managed to
discharge my obligations as captain of my "hundred" very
satisfactorily, for which I felt truly grateful to the Lord.
He arrived in the valley with his family without further
serious accident — all in good health and rejoicing in the
blessings of prospective peace. Soon after arrival, he was
successful in obtaining what at that time was considered a
fashionable log house, very similar in size, style and finish to
that heretofore described which he left iji Pisgah.
On the 12th of February, 1849, he was cited to put in an
appearance at a meeting of the Twelve, then in session. Why
or wherefore he could not imagine; but, with his character-
istic promptitude, he went forthwith, ruminating in his mind
whether he was called to answer some unsuspected charge or
other; but a c6nsciousness of faithful integrity to the duties
assigned him predominated over every apprehension. To his
great surprise, on arrival he was informed of his appointment
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 95
to the (Quorum of the Twelve, and was then ordained a mem-
ber of that quorum. Elders C. C. Rich, Erastus Snow and
F. I). Kichards were also ordained into that quorum at the
same time, under the hands of Brigham Young, Heber C.
Kimball, Willard Richards, Parley P. Pratt and John Taylor.
In the spring and summer, with the assistance of Porter
and John Squires, he built a log house on his lot in Salt Lake
City, which, although a little more ample in dimensions and
a little improved in appearance, bore a striking resemblance
to those he occupied in Pisgah, and in Salt Lake City on his
first entrance.
CHAPTER XVIL
The first celebration. — Lorenzo chairman of committee. — Description of
Escort— Moves from Bowery to President Young's. — Receives the
Presidency. — Returns to Bowery.— Singing by the way. — Cheers. —
Hymn.— Praj'er. — Declaration of Independence read. — Speecli by Silver
Greys. — Ode sung by Silver Greys. — Shout of hosanna. — March to the
dinner tables. — A rich feast. — Thousands of the Saints partake. — Gentiles
en route to California, partake. — Scores of Indians partake. — Grandeur in
Simplicity. — Gratitude to God.
.A.
HE first celebration in the valleys of the mountains was
held on the twenty-fourth of July, 1849 — the second
anniversary of the entrance of the pioneers. In this,
Lorenzo had much to do. In fact, the originating and com-
piling the programme for the exercises of the day, was the
product of his fertile brain. The occasion was one which
called into requisition his inventive abilities, and exhibited
his taste and skill as an organizer; also the wonderful power
of co-operative effort in carrying concerted plans into execu-
tion. Truly, it was not creating out of nothing; but when we
take into consideration the circumstances of the people at that
96 BIOGRAPHY AND
time — driven from their homes — robbed and plundered, and
so recently located in a sterile waste, one thousand miles
from all supplies, except what they extracted from a long-
barren soil; it will be at once realized that it required no
small stretch of thought and ingenuity to organize, and with
appropriate honors, celebrate a day of so much historical
importance as the one in question. But they had "the right
man in the right place;" for in this instance, as in everything
he undertook, Lorenzo verified the adage, "What is worth
doing, is worth doing well." And, to make a success of what-
ever he undertook, he neither spared labor nor application.
Although, since that early day of our mountain liome,
as circumstances have changed — means been multiplied,
and foreign resources brought within the reach of this once
isolated people, insomuch that in more recent celebrations of
that ever memorable day, the twenty -fourth of July, mam-
moth displays have been crowned with wealth and magnifi-
cence, this first, the opening one — this display of civilization
in a desolate wilderness has never been eclipsed.
As it may be interesting to many of the coming genera-
tion, we will here give a brief description of the celebration,
as follows: The inhabitants were awakened by the firing of
cannon, accompanied by music. The brass band, playing
martial airs, paraded the principal streets of the city, in a
gaily decorated omnibus, with prancing steeds, and with
banners flying, returning to the Bowery, from whence they
started.
The Bowery was one hundred feet long, by sixty wide; it
was built on one hundred and four posts, and covered with
boards; but for the services of this day, a canopy or awning
was extended about one hundred feet from each side of the
Bowery, to accommodate the vast multitude at dinner.
At half-past seven, the large national flag, measuring
sixty-five feet in length, was unfurled at the top of the liberty
pole, which was one hundred and four feet high, and was
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 97
saluted by the firing of six guns, the ringing of the "Nauvoo
bell," and soul-stirring airs from the band.
At eight o'clock, the multitude was called together by-
music and the firing of guns — the Bishops of the several
wards arranging themselves in the sides of the aisles, with
the banners of their wards unfurled, each bearing an appro-
priate inscription.
At a quarter past eight a grand and imposing escort was
formed, under the direction of Lorenzo Snow, Jedediah M.
Grant and Franklin D. Richards, in the following order, to
wit: (1) Horace S. Eldredge, marshal, on horseback, in mili-
tary uniform; (2) brass band; (3) twelve Bishops, bearing the
banners of their wards; (4) twenty -four young men dressed in
white pants, black coats, white scarfs on the right shoulder,
and coronets on their heads, each carrying in his right hand
a copy of the Declaration of Independence, and the Constitu-
tion of the United States, and each wearing a sheathed sword
by his side — one of them carrying a beautiful banner, on
which was inscribed, "The Lion of the Lord;" (5) twenty-four
young ladies dressed in white, with blue scarfs on the right
shoulder, and wreaths of white roses on their heads, each
carrying a Bible and a Book of Mormon, and one carrying a
neat banner, inscribed with "Hail to our Captain;" (6) P. P.
Pratt, John Taylor, Charles C. Rich, Daniel Spencer, David
Fullmer, Willard Snow, Erastus Snow; (7) twenty-four Silver
Greys, led by Isaac Morley, Patriarch — each carrying. a staff,
painted red on the upper part, with a bunch of white ribbon
floating at the top — one of them carrying the "Stars and
Stripes," bearing the inscription, "Liberty or Death."
The escort marched from the Bowerj'^ to the residence
of Governor Brigham Young, and, at nine o'clock, when
Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball had taken their
position in the procession, in froAt of the Twelve Apostles, it
moved forward, led by the committee, while the cannon
roared, the musketry rolled, the "Nauvoo bell" pealed forth
8
98 BIOGRAl'lIY AND
its silvery notes, and the air was filled with the soul-stirring
strains of the brass band; and, as a soft, sweet and soothing
refrain, intermingling harmoniously as they marched, the
twenty-four young ladies and twenty-four young gentlemen
sang the following, composed by Apostle P. P. Pratt:
THE MOUNTAIN STANDARD.
Lol the Gentile chain is broken —
Freedom's banner waves on high.
List, ye nations: by this token,
Know that your redemption's nigh.
See, on j-onder distant mountain,
"Zion's standard wide unfurled;
Far above Missouri's fountain,
Lo! it waves for all the world.
Freedom, peace and full salvation
Are the blessings guaranteed;
Liberty to every nation,
Evei'y tongue and every creed.
Come, ye Christian sects and pagan.
Pope and Protestant and priest —
Woi-shipers of God and Dagan,
Come, 0 come, to Freedom's feiist.
Come, ye sons of doubt and wonder,
Indian, Moslem, Greek or Jew;
• All your shackles burst asunder —
■' •
Freedom's banner waves for you.
Cease to butcher one another —
Join the covenant of peace;
Be to all, a friend — a brother,
This will bring the world's release.
Lo! our King, the great Messiah,
Prince of Peace, shall come to reign;
^und again, ye heavenly choir,
Peace on earth, good will to men.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 99
On arriving at the Bowery, the escort was received with
shouts of "HosANNA TO GoD AND THE Lamb!" While the
Governor and suite, Patriarch and Presiding Bishops were pass-
ing down the aisle, the people cheered and shouted, "Hail to
THE Governor of Deseret." These being seated on the
stand by the committee, the escort marched around the Bow-
ery, singing an appropriate hymn — then down the aisle, and
were seated in double rows on each side.
The assembly was called to order, and prayer offered by
Apostle Erastus Snow.
Richard Ballantyne, chairman of the twenty-four young
men, came to the stand, and, in a neat speech, presented the
Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the
United States to Governor Young, which was received with
three shouts, "May they live forever!" led by Governor
Young.
The Declaration of Independence was then read, the brass
band following with lively airs, after which the following
Song of Liberty, by E. R. S. Smith, was sung by the twenty-
four young ladies:
SONG OP LIBERTY.
Long, long ago, when Earth and Time
Were in the morn of life,
All joyous in their lovely prime,
With fragrant beauty rife.
All nature then in order crowned
With perlect harmony;
Luxuriant products clothed the ground,
O, there was liberty.
No vail obscured the worlds on high
From those that dwelt on earth;
But in the pathway of the sky, •
They journeyed back and forth.
100 BIOGllArHY AND
Then God and angels talked with men,
And woman, too, was free,
For both were pure and sinless then,
In perfect liberty.
The curse pursued transgression's track,
And man from God was driven,
Until the Priesthood brought him back.
To do the will of heaven.
We'll shout hosanna to the Lord,
For what is yet to be,
When earth and man will be restored
To God and liberty.
We see the lighthouse brightly blaze
Far o'er the boisterous wave;
With cheering prospects thus we gaze
On hopes beyond the grave;
For woman, if submissive here
To God's divine decree,
Eestored, will fill a noble sphere
In glorious liberty.
The Lord has set His gracious hand.
And by His mighty power,
He led His people to this land —
Preparing for the hour;
For Earth and Time are growing old,
And soon Eternity
Will to the Saints of God unfold
Celestial liberty.
The singing by the young ladies performed, Elder
Phineas Richards came forward in behalf of the twenty-four
aged sires, and read their loyal and patriotic add'ress, as fol-
lows:
lo our honorable President and this respectable Avdience:
Respected Fellow Citizens: — Permit us, the aged Fathers
in Israel, to mingle our voices with yours on this interesting
occasion — an o(?casion which is calculated to call into exercise
the most acute feelings of the human heart.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 101
The circumstance which we this day commemorate, will
form a very important item in the history of succeeding ages.
Two years ago this day, when President Brigham Young first
entered this valley, he completed the most extraordinary
expedition ever recorded in the annals of history.
There are sometimes -small and seemingly trivial events
in the life of man, with which every other period most natu-
rally associates. There are circumstances in the history of
nations, which seem as fulcrums, around which everything
else revolves. But the period, the circumstance, the event
which we now commemorate, is one with which is associated
the interests of the world — the salvation of the whole human
family.
What must be the feelings, this day, of President Young,
the leader of that noble band of Pioneers, while he contem-
plates the results of the last two years? Realizing the respon-
sibility of his position as the head of a numerous people, per-
secuted and driven from their cherished homes, where their
first leader and Prophet had sealed his mission with his
blood; we say, what must have been his feelings when, with a
little band, with barely necessaries sufficient to sustain life for
a few months, and leaving their families nearly destitute, on
lands claimed by faithless savages, he started forth into the
wilderness in search of a home for his people, like Abraham
of old, "not knowing whither he went?" But he knew that
God had called him — he trusted in the arm of Omnipotence,
and by the unseen hand of the Almighty Jehovah, their feet
were directed across a trackless desert to this place. And
who, fellow citizens, with the recollections of the past and the
anticipations of the future, would attempt to describe the
feelings that on this occasion fill the breasts of your aged
fathers?
Soon, like the Patriarchs of old, we expect to be gathered
to our fathers. Our bosoms swell with gratitude to the Most
High, that after years of tossing to and fro, our feet are one*
102 BIOGRAPHY AND
more established upon a land of peace; although exiled by
the bloody hand of persecution from the much loved lands of
our nativity — our once beautiful homes and quiet firesides,
where we inherited the sweets of domestic life from those who
fought the battles of the American Revolution, to establish
the principles of equity, and a government of peace. From
them, too, as a natural inheritance, have we imbibed, and
with ardor cherished, the holy fire of patriotism; which, hav-
ing been constitutionally implanted in our natures, can never
become extinct. As easily might the earth be removed from
its orbit — as well might yonder sun be made to emanate dark-
ness instead of light, as the glorious priciples of liberty be
eradicated from our bosoms.
Little did our fathers think, while rehearsing to their
children the sufferings of the pilgrims who fled from the
religious oppression of the Old World, and while recounting
the scenes of hardship, privation and death, while passing
through the struggle that "tried men's souls," to plant the tree
of liberty, to establish freedom and equal rights, and to
bequeath the laws of protection and republicanism to their
posterity — we say, little did they think that we, their sons,
would have to cower beneath the hand of oppression — be
chased like the roe upon the mountains, and forced to flee before
the reeking sword of an unhallowed mobocracy, and hunt a
refuge, a hiding place, beyond the track of civilization!
Little did they think that so soon the proud- crested Eagle
would seek an asylum behind the western hills, and that the
blood of the noblest martyrs that ever graced this lower world
would remoisten the soil which had so lately been purchased
by the blood of heroes!
But, brethren and friends, we who have lived to three-
score years, have beheld the government of the United States
in its glory, and know that the outrageous cruelties we have
suffered proceeded from a corrupted and degenerate adminis-
tration, wliile the pure principles of our boasted Constitution
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. lO.'l
remain unchanged. President Joseph Smith experienced and
well comprehended this corruption; and, inspired by the
Spirit of the Almighty, foretold the sequel, and, with the pen-
cil of heaven, portrayed the impending desolation 'and ruin;
and, prompted by an unction from the upper world, essayed
to put forth his hand to preserve the tottering fabric from
destruction. "But they have done unto him as they listed" —
they have driven the Saints from their midst — they have
demolished the bulwarks of liberty and protection, and now
the vengeance of insulted heaven awaits them!
In our humble opinion, having been taught by bitter
experience, that under a defective administration of political
government, religious toleration can exist only in name, it
devolves upon us, as a people instructed by the revelations of
God, with hearts glowing with love for our fallen country, to
revive, support, and carry into effect the original, uncorrupted
principles of the Revolution, and the constitutional govern-
ment of our patriotic forefathers.
To you, President Young, as the successor of President
Smith, do we now look, as to a second Washington, so far as
political freedom is concerned, to replant the standard of
American liberty, to unfurl the banner of protection, to
re-establish equal rights, to nourish the broad-plumed eagle
that has fled to the recesses of the mountains crowned with
eternal snows, to unsheath the sword of justice, to do honor to
the memories of the heroes of the Revolution, and to A^v
memory whose blood now cries from the ground in behalf of
a loyal, innocent, persecuted and exiled people.
From a long personal acquaintance, and a knowledge of
the inflexible, godlike integrity which has characterized your
adherence to, and your support of, our murdered Prophet;
with the utmost confidence we pledge ourselves to uphold,
and, as much as lies in our power, to assist you in resuscitat-
ing and re-establishing those glorious principles, while we
live; and when we die, we bequeath this pledge as a sacred leg-
104 BIOGRAPHY V AND
acy to our children. As we have inherited the spirit of lib-
erty and the fire of patriotism from our fathers, so let them
descend unadulterated to our posterity.
Should not we, who have suffered atrocious cruelties, rise
up and redeem our once sacred Constitution from the foul
disgrace with which it has been stamped, and the eternal
infamy to which it is destined, unless a spirit of philanthropy
and independence shall somewhere be aroused for its rescue?
Shall not we, fellow citizens, rise up in the spirit of freemen
and do honor to the shades of the departed heroes of '76?
Let us show ourselves to be worthy sons of our noble, patriotic
ancestors. Let us prove to the United States, that when they
drove the Saints from them, they not only drove from their
midst soldiers who were bravest in protecting their western
frontier, but also the firmest supporters of American Inde-
pendence. Let us be true to our trust. Profiting by scenes of
suffering in the recent school of our experience, let us watch
with jealous eye the first encroachment of civil power.
Should the infernal monster despotism dare lift its hydra
head upon this western Territory, Mr. President, although
burthened by the weight of years, and worn down with hard-
ship, privation and fatigue, we, the gray-headed, with you for
our leader, are ready at any moment to step forth and
unsheath the sword in defense of that which our fathers have
taught us to hold dearer than life.
Yes, we are re^dy; and, as we follow you, we call upon
these young men, oilr sons, to follow us; and sooner lay their
lives upon the holy altar of liberty than submit to be crushed
by the inquisitorial Juggernaut of oppression. Let the sacred
motto ^'Liberty or Death" be inscribed on every scabbard,
helmet, buckler and shield.
Yes, here, with this Territorial government, let a standard
of liberty be erected that shall reach to heaven, and be a
rallying point for all the nations of the earth. Here let the
insigniaed banner begin to be unfurled that shall yet extend
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 105
its benign protecting wand to every kingdom upon the face of
the earth; that while revohition treads on the heel of revolu-
tion— while commotion, anarchy and devastation push for-
ward the reckless besom of destruction, and with continuous
sweep are annihilating the last hopes of comfort in human
life; while in the prophetic language of Scripture, "all faces
shall gather blackness," here let the ensign of peace, like a
heavenly beacon, invite to a haven of rest, an oasis of civil,
political and religious liberty.
From here let peans of theo-democracy or republicanism
reverberate from valley to valley, from mountain to moun-
tain, from Territory to Territory, from State to State, from
nation to nation, from empire to empire, from continent to
continent, till the thrilling echo shall be responded from
Behring's Straits and the straits of Magellan, from Great
Britain and the states of Europe, from Africa, from Hindostan
and even from China, the proud, self-styled "celestial empire"
of the east.
At the conclusion of the address, the assembly arose and
shouted three times, "Hosanna! hosanna! hosanna to God and
the Lamb, for ever and ever, amen and amen!" while the ban-
ners were waved by the Bishops. Then, after the band had
played a lively air, the clerk read the Ode to Liberty, written
for the occasion by E. R. S. Smith.
The ode was then sung by the Silver Greys, to the tuno
"Bruce's Address."
ODE TO LIBERTY.
Fairest spirit of the skies,
Fairest child of Paradise,
Once Columbia's lawful prize —
Glorious Liberty.
Thee our noble fathers sought —
For thyself our heroes fought.
106 BIOGRAPHY AXD
Thus our bleeding patriots bought
Precious Liberty.
When thy banner waves abroad,
All may freely worship God,
Fearless of the tyrant's rod —
Sacred Liberty.
Never, never cease to wave
O'er the ashes of the brave;
Shield, O shield the patriot's grave —
Flag of Liberty.
Should oppression boldly dare
From thy brow the wreath to tear,
Righteous vengeance shall not sj^are
The foes of Liberty.
Sooner than to bondage yield.
Bravely in the battle field,
Let the sons of freemen wield
The sword for Liberty.
God, who moved our worthy sires,
When they kindled Freedom's fires,
Zion's noble sons inspires
To cherish Liberty.
Here, with godlike grasp and bold.
We the Coiistitution hold,
Pure as when it's sacred fold
Sheltered Liberty.
Freedom, Justice, Truth and Peace,
Shall throughout these vales increase;
Shout, O shout, till time shall cease,
Truth and Liberty!
Here, amid the mountain sky,
Freedom's banner waves on high;
Let the heaven-born echo fly —
God and Liberty !
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 107
The hour of intermission having arrived, the escort was
re-formed ; the Bishops collected the residents of their respec-
tive wards, and marched with them to the dinner tables,
where thousands of Saints dined sumptuously on the pro-
ducts of the valley, judiciously and delicately prepared, and
rendered delicious in connection with what foreign luxuries
were obtained in exchange for staple articles, as flour, butter,
potatoes, etc., from travelers to California. Several hundreds
of those Gentile emigrants, who, en route to California, had
stopped to recruit, partook of the social repast, as did also
threescore of Indians. In proportion to the numbers, no
celebration ever passed off with more eclat — no one has been
conducted with more order, and no feast partaken of with
better zest, with more mutual love and friendship, nor with
hearts more filled to overflowing with gratitude to God for the
outpouring of His blessings and for the manifestations of His
overruling hand.
CHAPTER XVIII.
The Brethren covenant (o help the poor out from Nauvoo.— Lorenzo called
to obtain means.— The poverty and liberality of the Saints.— One offers
his only cow. — Anecdote of Captain Brown. — Called on a mission to
Italy. — Increase of family. — Weight of responsibility.^No time for
preparation.— Company organized. — Letter to hisSister. — The Journey. —
Wonderful manifestations of the hand of God. — Nauvoo. — Carthage. —
Arrival in Liverpool. — Meets the brethren.
lEFORE the first companies of the Saints who were
driven from Illinois left Xauvoo, the leading brethren
entered into a solemn covenant they would not cease
their exertions until all the Saints who had not the means,
but were desirious of moving to the location of the Church,
should be assisted to do so. In connection with this, in his
108 BIOGRAPHY AND
journal, ray brother says: Early in the autumn oE 1849, I was
called to assist in gathering m'eans for emigrating the poor
Saints. This movement culminated in what is now known as
the "Perpetual Emigrating Company," the organization of
which was commenced at the October Conference, for the
gathering of Saints from all parts of the world.
In performing the mission of soliciting means from the
Saints who, after having been robbed and plundered, had
performed a journey of more than one thousand miles, and
just located in an unwatered, desolate recess of the great
"American Desert," I found myself inducted into an uphill
business. With very few exceptions, the people had very
little, or nothing they could possibly spare. But the efforts
and willingness, everywhere manifested, to eke out a portion
of the little — the feeling of liberality and greatness of soul,
which everywhere I met in the midst of poverty, the warm-
hearted greetings I received even where comparative indigence
held court, filled my heart with exceeding great joy. One
man insisted that I should take his only cow, saying that
the Lord had delivered him, and blessed him in leaving the old
country and coming to a land of peace; and in giving his only
cow, he felt that he would only do what duty demanded, and
what he would expect from others, were the situation reversed.
After visiting the Saints in Great Salt Lake City, I traveled
north, calling on all the inhabitants, who at this early date
were much scattered, and went as far as Ogden, then the
northern limit of our settlements, and there found about one
dozen families. I was hospitably entertained by Captain
Brown, who occupied a log house with earth floor, and roof of
the same material, with the addition of willow boughs. I
called a meeting, which was held in the captain's house —
everybody attended, and we had a glorious season. The
hearts of the Saints were open, and, considering their circum-
stances, they donated liberally and amply, and I need not say
cheerfully. Elder (Captain) Brown exhibited the nobility and
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 109
generosity of soul characteristic of the man. There is an
amusing anecdote told of Captain Brown, as follows: He
owned a ferry on the Weber River at the time when the "Gold
Diggers" were rushing through the country, some of whom
were bitterly hostile to the "Mormons," and availed themselves
of every occasion to vent their spite in the presence and hear-
ing of the captain, in the following style: "Whoa haw, old
Brigham," "Gee up there, old Heber," at the same time
flourishing and cracking their long ox whips. This vulgar
language applied in demeaning the leaders of the Church,
made Captain Brown very angry, so much so that he could
hardly' restrain himself from retaliating; but Anally, when,
with increasing impudence, they added the name of Captain
Brown, his temper at once arose to fever hea , and became
uncontrollable, and to use his own words,"! pitched into them."
In public meetings, occasionally, I have referred to this anec-
dote in illustrating a principle, i. e., when the Priesthood is
assailed, we should be more valiant in its defense than when
the offense is merely personal. Without doubt this was the
captain's sentiment, and had he received the first insult, he
could have borne it, but after having the brethren insulted,
which was all he could endure and contain himself, the addi-
tion of his name was "the straw that broke the camel's back."
At the October Conference many^of the leading Elders
were called on missions to different nations of the earth.
Lorenzo was appointed to establish a mission in Italy, with
discretionary power to labor in any other country or nation,
whenever the Spirit should direct. He arranged as best he
could under the circumstances, for the comfort of his family
during his absence — his family having increased by the birth
of a son, Oliver Goddard, and a daughter, Roxcy Charlotte,
born in Salt Lake City.
In less than two weeks from the time of his appointment,
he was to leave. With little means — in a wild, uncultivated
country, one thousand miles from supplies, what could ho
110 BIOGRAPHY AND
do towards providing for the coming wants of an increasing
family, which in a few days he was to leave for an indefinite
period? Although he felt the weight of the responsibilities of
a husband and father, he did not hesitate. He knew that God,
through His servants, had called him to the mission — the
mission was before him, and its accomplishment paramount
to every consideration. The two young men, John and Porter
kindly proposed to remain with his family during his absence
and render all the assistance in their power.
This was the first company of missionaries sent from the
Ivocky Mountains; it was organized on the nineteenth of
October, by President Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball,
and the brethren started the same day on their various
missions — some to Nauvoo to assist in gathering the Saints
remaining there — some to the Eastern States, and others to the
nations abroad. Shadrach Roundy was appointed captain of
the company across the plains.
We will now glean a portion of my bi other's history
from his letters, in which we meet him in Southampton,
England :
Southampton, England, June 14, 1850.
Mu Bear Sister:
Although nearly half the world lies between us, I hope
tliis brief record of my travels will reach you in safety.
Wherever I may be destined to wander, I shall ever remem-
ber those claims of relationship, which may be interrupted
on earth, but are happily consecrated in your bosom and mine
for eternity; they seem like a golden chain, passing over earth
and ocean, and linking this foreign shore with your dwelling
in the far distant West.
Recalling the scenes of the past, my mind reverts to the
nineteenth of October, 1849, when, in solemn silence, I left
what, next to God, was dearest to my heart — my friends, my
loving wives and my dear little children. As I pursued my
journey, in company with my brethren, many conflicting
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. Ill
feelings occupied my bosom. The gardens and fields in and
around our new-born city, just emerging from nature's bar-
renness, through the faith, energy and the necessities of the
exiled Saints, now struggling for subsistence, in a wuld recess
in the Rocky Mountains, were exchanged for the vast
unbroken wilderness which lay spread out before us for a
thousand miles.
If my mind still glanced onward, there was the stormy
main, and, in the far distant perspective, a land of strangers —
the field of my mission. We were hastening farther and
still farther from the mighty magnet — home. But we knew
that the work in which we were engaged was to carry light to
those who sat in darkness and in the Valley of the Shadow of
Death, and our bosoms glowed with love and compassion
toward them.
Some persons feared our horses were too enfeebled to
bear us over the mighty plain; but when the snows begail to
fall, winds swept our pathway, and enabled us to pass without
difficulty, while on our right and left the country was deeply
covered for hundreds of miles.
One day, as we were taking our noontide meal, and our
horses were quietly grazing on the prairie; the following thrill-
ing scene occurred. A startling call resounded through our
little camp, "7b arms! to arms! the Indians are upon us!" All
eyes were turned in the direction, and we beheld a spectacle,
grand, imposing and frightful. Two hundred warriors, upon
their furious steeds, painted, armed and clothed with all the
horrors of war, rushing towards us like a mighty torrent. In
a moment we placed ourselves in attitude of defence. But
could we expect, with thirty men, to withstand this powerful
host? Onward rushed the savage band Avith accelerated speed
as a huge rock, loosened from the mountain's brow, dashes
impetuously downward, sweeping, overturning, and burying
everything in its course!
We saw it was their intention to crush us beneath the
112 BIOGRAPHY AND
feet of their foaming chargers. They approached within a
few paces, and in another moment we should be overwhelmed,
when lo! an alarm like an electric shock struck through their
ranks and stayed their career, as an avalanche, sweeping down
the mountain side, stops in the midst of its course by the
power of a hand unseen. The Lord had said, "Touch not mini'
anointed, and do my j)rophets no har?n."
Many incidents occurred which called forth the remark
that in our past experience the hand of the Lord had never
been more visibly manifested. When we arrived on the
banks of the great Missouri, her waters immediately congealed
for the iirst time during the season, thus forming a bridge over
which we passed to the other side; this was no sooner accom-
plished than the torrent ran as before.
On arriving at Kanesville, we were saluted with shout-
ings, firing of cannon, songs of rejoicing, and other demonstra-
tions of welcome. During the few days of our stay, we experi-
enced universal kindness from the Saints. I shall never for-
get the parting with President Hyde, and the deep interest he
manifested for myself and mission as he gave an affectionate
farewell, and in the fulness of his soul implored the powers
of heaven to protect me from evil in that stronghold of super-
stition, dark and benighted Italy.
I passed through Mount Pisgah and Garden Grove. At
both places I much enjoyed the society of my old acquaint-
« ances. I proceeded to Nauvoo — I gazed upon its ruins — the
direful work of mobocracy. My heart sickened as I contem-
plated that once beautiful city, filled with the songs of
rejoicing, and all that was good and virtuous; where the voice
of the Prophet had sounded forth upon the ears of thousands
the deep and heavenly mysteries that had been concealed for
ages. There we had met together, oft relating the sad tale of
our past woes, the bitter cup of persecution of which we had
taken such abundant draughts; there the old and the young
had rejoiced together in the New and Everlasting Covenant.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 113
But now, O how sad the change! The moss was growing
upon the buildings, which were fast crumbling down; the
windows were broken in, the doors were shaking to and fro
by the wind, as they played upon their rusty, creaking hinges.
The lovely Temple of our God — once the admiration and
astonishment of the world and the hope of the Saints, was
burned, and its blackened walls were falling upon each other!
Ever and anon a human head would be thrust through win-
dows to gaze upon the traveler; but these people were not
Saints — they who were dwelling in those houses, who walked
those streets, believed not in Jesus, the Son of God — they were
professed infidels.
Shortly after leaving Nauvoo, I visited another place of
painful interest in the history of the Saints. If, on ordinary
occasions, words are too weak to convey the feelings of the
soul, where shall I find language to portray the thoughts that
agitated my mind as I entered Carthage? There, but a few
years before, was a scene over which my breast alternately
glows and chills with horror and indignation. There an
infamous mob were imbruing their hands in the blood of our
beloved Prophet and Patriarch, Joseph and Hyrum. O
Earth! Then flowed on thy cold bosom the blood of thy
noblest and best. Who were those Martyred Ones? Ask
the ministering angels from on high! Ask the demons of the
dark abyss! Ask the mighty throng whom they have guided
to peace, knowledge, wisdom and power! And who are they?
My friends — the friends of millions, the friends of Univer-
sal Man.
Over that guilty place there seemed to hang the gloom of
death, the emblem of the deed committed, and the fore-
shadowing of righteous retribution! Although fatigued and
hungry, nothing could induce me to eat or drink among that
cursed and polluted people.
In St. Louis, we found a large branch of the Church of
nearly four hundred members. We were kindly received;
114 BIOGRAPHY AND
and it was delightful to see them assembled in their spacious
and beautiful hall. The completeness of their organization
reflects the highest credit upon their officers.
On the twenty-fifth of March, I left New York on board
the Shannon. I had a pleasant voyage over the great waters,
and on the nineteenth of April, came in sight of Albion's
shores. I never beheld a more lovely morning. Everything
wore an enchanting appearance. A calm serenity rested upon
the broad bosom of the waters. Old England lay before me,
besprinkled with forms and multitudes of human dwellings,
with beautiful hawthorn hedges and newly plowed grounds.
Around, about on the water, in full view, were ships of all
nations — some passing in one direction and some in another.
In the midst of this enchanting scene, my feelings sud-
denly changed from the high thrilling tone of animation and
fell into pensive melancholy, as the thoughts of my loved
home crowded upon my mind. Six long months I had been
augmenting the distance between me and those I love, and
still I must continue to do so. Things certainly appeared
strange to me when I thought of the unknown future of my
mission. But the Lord of the whole earth had sent me, and
in His name I was resolved ever to go forward.
On my arrival in Liverpool, I was favored with the com-
pany of Elders Erastus Snow, Franklin D. Richards and
President Pratt's family. After leaving that city, I visited
the following conferences: Manchester, Macclesfield, Birming-
ham, Cheltenham, South Conference, London, and Southamp-
ton. Presidents, officers and members received me with kind-
ness, and contributed liberally towards my mission; and
though I have not had the opportunity of visiting "Cambria's
hills," the Welsh brethren have sent donations with all the
nobility of soul which gives unsolicited.
How changed are my feelings to what they were some
eight years ago. Then, I might say, I entered Britain a
lonely foreigner, unacquainted with the laws, manners, cus-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 115
toms and institutions of the country. At this time I felt
comparatively at home. Many who were my children fn the
Gospel, surrounded me as I passed through those conferences
where I had formerly labored. I also had the pleasure of
seeing men whom I baptized when on my former mission,
now preaching the Gospel and presiding over conferences.
The traveler in the desert sometimes finds a green spot
which stands in deep contrast to the barrenness of surround-
ing nature. England appears thus now, as I am about to
leave its shores for the lands of darkness. The voice of a
thousand friends are dying away in the distance, while before
me is a land of strangers, whose tongues will sound in my
ears like the jargon of Babel. I have been refreshed with
the company of so many kind friends, that I go forth on my
mission with renewed energy of body and mind.
To-morrow I leave this place for Italy. Farewell, my
dear sister, and may Heaven's choicest blessings be your con-
tinued portion, is the prayer of
Your affectionate brother,
Lorenzo Snow.
To Miss p]liza R. Snow,
Great Salt Lake City,
California.
"Even the address of this fascinating letter is historically
valuable, for it reminds us that Utah was once a part of the
province of Upper California; but it is its beautiful enthu-
siasm— tenderness of the spirit and tone, and the graphic
eloquence of the description, which constitutes the charm of
this gem of epistolary literature." — Tallidge's Magazine.
lie BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER XIX.
The Editor's reflections. — The responsibility of Lorenzo's Mission. — His
trust in God.— HLs knowledge that God had called him.— Commendable
characteristics. — How they are strengthened. — He writes to F. D. Rich-
ards.— Describes Genoa. — Armed men. — Priests. — Meets an acquaint-
ance.— Curious interview. — Reflections. — Sympathy for the people. —
Door opening for the Gospel in Piedmont. — Encouraging prospects.
LITTLE reflection will impress the readers of the
following letter of the peculiarly trying position
Lorenzo occupied at the time indicated. Holding the
Priesthood of God, and by Him sent forth clothed with
authority, with power to impart life unto life, or death unto
death — invested with the responsibility of the souls of his
fellow men, to the land where the "Mother of harlots" claimed
the right "above all that was called God," and ruled with a
rod of iron, where, under her scathing hand, not long since,
the "bloody inquisition" sent terror into the springs and
fountains of life! How formidable the mission! How
character-proving the situation!
Without integrity of heart — without unswerving purpose
— without confiding trust in God, and reliance on His
promises — without unshaken confidence in His assisting
power and grace, no mortal man could abide the ordeal. But
Lorenzo knew in whom he trusted — he knew that the work in
which he was engaged was the work of God, and for him to
shrink from his duty, or to doubt the success of the mission
unto which he was called, and suffer his energies to slacken,
would be ignoring the example of the Great Redeemer, and
prove himself unworthy of the high and holy calling unto
which God, the Father of our Lord Jesus, had called him.
Those noble characteristics which distinguished him even in
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 117
his childhood, at this period having not only ripened in
manhood, but, being quickened and mightily strengthened by
the Spirit of the Most High, constituted an invigorating and
propelling force which greatly assisted in enabling him to
brook every hardship, every opposition, and to overcome
every obstacle.
GenoAj July 20, 1850.
My Dear Franklin:
Having safely reached the land of my mission, I take the
earliest opportunity to inform you of my location and pros-
pects.
This ancient city, where I now reside, contains about one
hundred and forty thousand inhabitants. It is chiefly built
upon undulating ground, extending back as far as the base of
the mountains, and, in some places, reaching partly up their
summits. Before me I have a most lovely and interesting
view of the port of Genoa, and then of the Mediterranean,
bearing upon its broad bosom multitudes of fishing boats,
schooners, war frigates, steamers, and ships of many nations.
The edifices of this city lie open on my right and left.
Its palaces, cathedrals, churches, high-built promenades and
antique buildings, form, altogether, a very singular and mag-
nificent appearance. At a short distance from the city, I have
the fascinating scenery of Italy's picturesque mountains, and
over my head is a sky of clearest blue. My eyes are filled
with tears while attempting to picture the glorious view. It
recalls to my mind the more than lovely — the sacred scenery
of the far-off West — the valley of the Great Salt Lake, where
is poured forth the streams of revelation through our beloved
Prophet Brigham, to a people gathered out from the nations;
and where, nine months ago, in mournful silence, we pressed
the parting hands of our weeping wives and tender offspring.
This city is filled with armed men; so, in fact, is almost
every seaport and city through which we have passed sin<je
leaving England. Little money is circulating, and commerce
118 BIOGRAPHY AND
languishes on every side. The country is not yet sufficiently
settled to induce the enterprise of the capitalist. Since the
revolution, the working classes have suffered severely from
the depression of business. Wages are, of course, very low;
upon an average, not more than twenty cents for a day's
work, for a laborer, which is commonly made to consist of
about sixteen hours.
Many of the customs, laws and institutions are very
singular. Priests are seen in great numbers on every side.
I meet them on every street. From the peculiarity of their
dress, there is no mistaking their profession. Those of the
superior order are clothed in black, and their heads display
the accompaniment of a three-cornered hat. Those of
another class present a shorn crown to the evening breeze and
the noonday sun; and the meanness of their garments are
intended to represent their vows of austere indigence. A
coarse woollen dress is attached to the body by a rope loosely
tied around the waist, from which hang their rosary beads
and a small crucifix. Their feet are shod with a species of
sandals. They are generally seen two together, and are very
unlike the wealthy ecclesiastics, who mingle freely with the
best society.
The other day, as I was returning from a walk, I fell into
the following reflections: I am alone and a stranger in this
great city — eight thousand miles from my beloved family,
surrounded by a people with whose manners and peculiari-
ties I am unacquainted. I have come to enlighten their
minds and instruct them in principles of righteousness; but
I see no possible means of accomplishing this object. All is
darkness in the prospect.
While I thus walked gloomily along the thronged streets,
I was suddenly awakened from my reverie by a glance of
recognition from a gentleman passing, and was not a little
pleased to find him an Englishman, with whom I had pre-
viously formed a slight acquaintance. He accosted me in a
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 119
friendly manner — said he had called at my lodging, but was
disappointed in not finding me at home. He wished me to
write down the heads of subjects on which I sought informa-
tion, which, he assured me, he would spare no pains to pro-
cure. He thought the society of many English visitors in
Genoa was not suitable to men religiously inclined, as I
appeared, and could not recommend them to my acquaint-
ance. He accompanied me to my lodging, and desired to
know in what way I thought this country could be spiritually
benefitted. He evidently believed that I was a missionary,
and was about to open a campaign against Catholicism; and
he seemed exceedingly anxious to engage in the laudable
undertaking. Comprehending the state of his feelings, I
looked him steadfastly in the face, and said: "Do you think,
Mr. A., that the Lord had any hand in your coming to this
place?" "I do," said he, "for when letters were sent inform-
ing me I could have a situation whereby I could support my
family, I opened them and spread them before the Lord, and
knelt upon my knees, asking Him what I should do, and the
Spirit manifested to me it was wisdom to come." I then said:
"Mr. A., I have entered this country to establish the kingdom
of God. The Lord God of Heaven has sent me. The Holy
Ghost has sent me. The President of the Church of Jesus
Christ has sent me, and the prayers of a hundred thousand
people (Saints of God) are daily offered up for my prosperity.
Now I have a message for you from the Lord, It is your
duty to be ordained unto the holy Priesthood, and assist me
in establishing the Gospel among this people."
He listened with deep interest, and his countenance was
lighted up with animation at the thought of being associated
with me in such a glorious mission. He then made the
inquiry, "Are you sent by the Wesleyans?" I replied, "I am
a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints." All his desires to do good seemed to go down in
proportion as the last idea arose in his mind.
120 BIOGRAPHY AND
He said he had heard one of our Elders preach, and he
made baptism essential to salvation. "And," said, he, "what
are your ideas on this point?" "It is now," I replied,
"because God has commanded it — until He did command and
authorized men to administer, it was not essential." I then
loaned him several books, asking him to read them prayer-
fully. He promised to do so, but with great reluctance, "and
he loent away sovrowfulP
I am now in a Roman Catholic country. Its inhabitants
are before my eyes continually. My heart is pained to see
their follies and wickedness — their gross darkness and super-
stition. I weep that the day of the Son of Man has come
upon them unawares, so little are they prepared to receive
the voice from on high: "Behold! the Bridegroom cometh; go
ye out to meet Him!"
They are clothed with darkness as with a garment, and,
figuratively speaking, they know not their right hand from
their left. I ask my Heavenly Father to look upon this peo-
ple in mercy. O Lord, let them become the objects of Thy
compassion, that they may not all perish. Forgive their sins,
and let me be known among them, that they may know
Thee, and know that Thou hast sent me to establish Thy
kingdom. They do wickedly all the day long, and are
guilty of many abominations. They have turned tlieir
backs upon Thee, though they kneel before the image
of Thy Son, and decorate temples to Thy worship.
Tlie priests, the rulers and the people have all gone
astray, and have forgotten Thee, the Lord their God. But
wilt Thou not have mercy upon them? Thou knowest that I
bade a heart-trying farewell to the loved and tried partners of
my bosom, to obey Thy call; and hast Thou not some chosen
ones among this people to whom I have been sent? Lead
me unto such, and Thy name shall have the glory, through
Jesus, Thy Son.
After I wrote the foregoing, I received a letter from
Al TOBIOGRArilY. 121
Elders Stenhouse and Toronto. I have felt an intense desire
to know the state of that province to which I had given them
an appointment, as I felt assured it would be the field of my
mission. Now, with a heart full of gratitude, I find an open-
ing is presented in the valleys of Piedmont, when all
other parts of Italy are closed against our efforts. I believe
that the Lord has there hidden up a people amid the Alpine
mountains, and it is the voice of the Spirit that I shall com-
mence something of importance in that part of this dark
■nation.
Please remember me to Brothers Coward and Collins,
whose names will never be forgotten for their kindness to
Brother Erastus and myself.
Prudence and caution prompt me to request that you will
not, at present, givS" publicity to my communications.
Your brother in the Gospel, affectionately,
Lorenzo Snow.
CHAPTER XX.
Writes to President Young.— The Waldenses. — Incidents. — Calls Elder Sten-
house. — Cathedral of St. Lorenzo. — Sends two Elders to Piedmont. —
Describes the Country.— Published "The Voice of Joseph," — Miraculous
healing.— Sends for Elder WoodarU. — Organization of the Church. —
Prayer. — Officers chosen. — Mount Brigham. — Rock of Prophecy. — Testi-
mony of an Englishman. — Invited by a Priest. — First Baptism. — Difficul-
ties to meet. — LaTour. — The presence of the Elders only tolerated. — Can
lift up his head and rejoice in spite of difficulties.
N the following letter to President Young, Lorenzo gives
a detailed account of the introduction of the Gospel
into the valleys of Piedmont; and an eloquent and
inspiring description of the time, place and circumstances of
10
122 BIOGRAPHY AND
the organization of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints in that land of religious superstition and bigotry:
LaTouk, Valley de Luzerne,
Piedmont, Italy, Nov. 1, 1850.
Dear President Young:
When I arrived in Liverpool, I sent you a letter, in con-
nection with Brothers Erastus and Franklin, which I hope
you duly received. Soon afterwards, as I contemplated the
condition of Italy, with deep tolicitude to know the mind of
the Spirit as to where I should commence my labors, I found
that all was dark in Sicily, and hostile laws would exclude
our efforts. No opening appeared in the cities of Italy; but
the history of the Waldenses attracted my attention.
Amid the ages of darkness and cruelty, they had stood
immovable almost as the wave beaten rock in the stormy
ocean. When the anathemas of Rome shook the world and
princes fell from their thrones, they dared to brave the man-
date of the Pope and the armies of the mighty. To my mind
they appeared like the rose in the wilderness, or the bow in
the cloud. The night of time has overspread their origin;
but these dissenters from Rome existed ages before Luther
was born. During the fierce persecutions to which they have
been subjected, their limits have greatly decreased.
A few narrow valleys, which in some places are only a
bow's shot in breadth, are all that now remain in their posses-
sion except the mountains by which they are engirdled. But
a period of deep calm has at length arrived, and, since the
storm of persecution swept over Europe, they have received
many privileges from the Sardinian government. Thus the
way was opened only a short period before the appointment
of this mission, and no other portion of Italy is governed by
such favorable laws.
A flood of light seemed to burst upon my mind when I
thought upon the subject, and 1 endeavored to procure some
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 123
information in relation to this people. The librarian to whom
I applied informed me he had a work of the description I
required; but it had just been taken. He had scarcely finished
the sentence, when a lady entered with the book. "0," said
he, "this is a remarkable circumstance, this gentleman has
just called for that book." I was soon convinced that this
people were worthy to receive the first proclamation of the
Gospel in Italy.
I made a short sojourn in England, and visited several
conferences. Going to London, after so many years' absence,
was a circumstance of uncommon interest. The happiness I
experienced during two weeks' stay was no small compensa-
tion for the anxieties and difficulties I had endured in carry-
ing on the work of the Lord there for two years immediately
after its foundation had been laid by yourself. Elders Kim-
ball, AVoodruff and G. A. Smith.
When I received an appointment to that city, I found
thirty or forty members; now I find three thousand, although
many have emigrated.
Here I became acquainted with Elder Stenhouse, Presi-
dent of the Southampton Conference. After consultation
with Brother Franklin, I felt that it was the mind of the
Spirit that he should accompany me on this mission. I there-
fore returned with him to Southampton. During his prepara-
tion for departure, we went to Portsmouth, and, among "the
forces of the Gentiles," we visited the Victorij, the vessel in
which Lord Nelson met his death. AVe were very politely
shown the varied departments of this mammoth of the deep,
the spot where Nelson fell, and the cabin where he expired.
The hour at length arrived for leaving the last home of
the Saints. In t!ie parting of Elder Stenhouse with his wife
and friends, I was forcibly reminded of my own experience.
As we withdrew from this parting scene, I observed, "Did the
people of Italy but know the heart-rending sacrifices we have
made for their sakes, they could have no heart to persecute.'*
124 BIOGRAPHY AM)
On the fifteenth of June we left Southampton by the
steamboat Wonder, for Havre de Grace, and then proceeded
immediately to Paris. After having our passports counter-
signed, we continued our journey through the beautiful
countr}' of southern France, We passed through Lyons, and
arrived in Marseilles in about four days from Paris. We
then embarked on the clear blue waters of the Mediterranean
for Antibes, the last French port. By disembarking there we
escaped being detained six days in quarantine, under the
burning sun of Genoa. We then traveled to Nice, the first
town in Italy. Here Catholicism began to show itself more
prominently — priests were very numerous. Images of the
Holy Virgin, with the infant Jesus in her arms, were to be
seen on the corner-house of every street and on the front of
many others.
We left Nice by diligence, and traveled by the shores of
the Mediterranean. It was the feast-day of John the Baptist;
labor was entirely suspended, and all seemed to enjoy them-
selves in honor of that great man. We certainly saw some
hundreds of priests — rather a gloomy introduction.
On the twenty-fifth of June we arrived at Genoa. Here
we called upon the Lord, and offered the praise and gratitude
of our souls for His providence. We had accomplished this
journey of nearly twelve hundred miles much quicker than
we had anticipated. From the time we left England we had
only spent tliree nights in bed.
June 27th. This is the feast-day to St. Peter. Again all
work is suspended, and the people enjoying themselves. Jesus
said, the fathers killed the Prophets, and their children build
their tombs and garnish their sepulchres. The fathers
beheaded John and crucified Peter; this week we have wit-
nessed feastings and rejoicings in honor of their names.
Pleasing reflections — starvation! — bonds! — imprisonment! — mar-
t>/rdorn! — and subsequent generations paying us divine honors.
I visited the Cathedral of St. Lorenzo, and beheld the
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 125
most superb and richly decorated interix)r of any building 1
had ever seen. As we entered, our attention was immediately
attracted by the grand altar. It was a display of richly cut
candlesticks and vases, glittering with gold and silver gilding.
In the former were candles four or five feet long, and in the
latter a most delightful association of flowers. On each side
of this building were six recesses, where were placed small
altars, upon which stood a cross, with an emblem of Jesus,
surrounded with caudles and flowers on a small scale. Before
them were seats for the accommodation of the devout. The
side wall of each recess had a painting, representing, in full
size, some particular personage in the act of devotion. These
worshipers were portrayed, in some instances, as holding a
levee with "Holy Mary, Mother of God," who was well sur-
rounded with young warbling angels, which had been assisted
in their descent with eagle's wings! Others were represented
with volumes of smoke around them, thickly studded with
young cherubs, which were blowing profusely upon the wor-
shiper, while they were loaded with garlands to encircle his
brow. Two beautifully cut and spiraled pillars of choice
stone, stood at the extent of each recess, supporting an arched'
roof, which was also richly painted. Between every two pil-
lars was placed the statue of one of the ancient Apostles.
The design and execution of these monuments of departed
worth elicited our admiration.
The roof of the building was completely covered with
paintings, representing the prominent circumstances recorded
in the New Testament. " Each picture was surrounded with
massive gilt mouldings. On the dome over the grand altar
was a representation of the day of Pentecost. The Holy Ghost,
in its plenitude of power, was portrayed in the descent of the
dove, while tongues of fire, in glowing colors, rested upon the
disciples.
Two rows of large massive pillars, from one end of the
church to the other, stood erect from floor to roof; each side
126 BIOGRAPHY AND
of which was filled with seats for the congregation, while the
center was left for visitors and those approaching the altar.
Here we sat, and while the unmeaning sounds of the preacher
fell upon our ears, our minds were absorbed in contemplation
of the beauty and richness of art — the power of unity, and
the darkness of human understanding, as the monuments of
each were around, before and above us.
On the first of July, Elders Stenhouse and Toronto left
Genoa, according to my appointment, to visit the Protestant
valleys of Piedmont, On the twenty third of the same
month I left Genoa, passing through the city of Turin, the
capital of the Sardinian States, and arrived at LaTour, in the
valley of Luzerne.
This country bears a striking resemblance to the valley
of the Great Salt Lake. Piedmont is situated at the foot of
the Alps, the liighest mountains in Europe. The scenes of
this land embrace all the varieties of a region where the
heavens and the earth seem to meet. The clouds often
enwrap these mighty eminences, and hide their frowning
grandeurs from our view. At other times they are covered
with snow, while at their feet the vine and fig tree are ripen-
ing their fruit. A poet has said of this identical locality in
which we are placed :
"There is a scene would well repay
The toil of many a weary day,
And every form of nature there —
Wood, rock and stream, and sunset rare —
All seem to bid the traveler rest;
For ne'er from tower or mountain crest,
In emerald vale or sunny plain,
Shall he behold such scenes again."
The Protestant inhabitants are called Vaudois or Wa'-
denses. They number about twenty-one thousand; there are
also about five thousand Catholics. The fertile portions of
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 127
these valleys are rich in their productions; but two-thirds or
more present nothing but precipices, ravines and rocky dis-
tricts, or such as have a northern 'aspect. The inhabitants
are far too numerous for the nature and products of the soil-
They are often compelled to carry mould on their backs to
form gardens amid the barren rocks.
The French language is generally understood, but in
many parts it is spoken very imperfectly, and with a mixture
of provincialism and Italian. The latter is understood by a
considerable number, but it is not extensively used. In fact,
this is where, at least, five distinct dialects are spoken by dif-
ferent classes.
During our protracted journey, the health of Brother
Toronto had been considerably impaired, but the invigorat-
ing effect of this salubrious cHme so restored him, that he
became very anxious to visit his relatives in Sicily. As I felt
it proper for him to do so, he took his departure at the begin-
ning of August.
Soon after my arrival here, I considered it necessary to
issue a publication in French; accordingly I wrote and com-
piled a work, entitled, "The Voice of Joseph," containing
Visions of Joseph Smith; discovery of the gold plates filled
with Egyptian characters and hieroglyphics; their translation
into the English language by the aid of the Urim and Thum-
mim; the sacred history of ancient America, now clearly
revealed from the earliest ages after the flood to the beginning
of the fifth century of the Christian era; organization of the
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints; their persecu-
tions; expulsion from the States of Missouri and Illinois;
martyrdom of Joseph and Hyrum Smith; banishment of
many thousand Saints; their travels in the western wilder-
ness; their present location in Upper California; their organi"
zation of the "State of Deseret;" the missionary labors of their
Elders; sketch of -their faifh and doctrine.
After fruitless endeavors to find a proper person to trans-
128 BIOGRAPHY AM>
late this work, I found it necessary to send to England, where,,
through the kindness of Elder Orson Pratt, it was translated
by a professor from the University of Paris.
I felt assured that the Lord had directed us to a branch,
of the house of Israel, and I was rejoiced to behold many cir-
cumstances that reminded me of those with whom I had been
associated in the valleys of the west. We endeavored to lay
a foundation for future usefulness in silently preparing the
minds of the people for the reception of the Gospel, by culti-
vating friendly feelings in the bosoms of those by whom we
were surrounded. Yet it seemed very singular, and it was no
small tax on my patience, to be weeks and even months in
the midst of an interesting people without being actively and
publicly engaged in communicatingthegreat principles which
I had been sent to promulgate. But, as I felt it was the mind
of the Spirit that we should proceed at first with slow and
cautious steps, I submitted to the will of heaven.
September 6th. — This morning, my attention was directed
to Joseph Grey, a boy of three years of age — the youngest
child of our host. Many friends had been to see the child,
as to all human appearances his end was near. I went to see
him in the afternoon; death was preying upon his bodj'^ — his
former healthy frame was now reduced to a skeleton, and it
was only by close observation we could discern that he was
alive. As I reflected upon the peculiarity of our situation,
my mind was fully awakened to a sense of our position. For
some hours before I retired to rest, I called upon the Lord to
assist us at this time. My feelings on this occasion will not
easily be erased from my memouy.
September 7th. — This morning I proposed to Elder Sten-
house we should fast and retire to the mountains and pray.
As we departed, we called and 6aw the child — his eyeballs
turned upwards — his eyelids fell and closed — his face and
ears were thin, and wore the pale marble hue, indicative of
approaching dissolution. The cold perspiration of death.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 129
covered his body as the principle of life was nearly-
exhausted. Madam Grey and other females were sobbing,
while Monsieur Grey hung his head and whispered to us, "i/
mewi! ilmeuriP' (He dies! he dies!)
After a little rest upon tiie mountain, aside from any
likelihood of interruption, we called upon the Lord in solemn,
earnest prayer, to spare the life of the child. As I reflected
on the course we wished to pursue, the claims that we should
soon advance to the world, I regarded this circumstance as
one of vast importance. I know not of any sacrifice which I
can possibly make, that I am not willing to offer, that the
Lord might grant our requests.
We returned about three o'clock in the afternoon, and
having consecrated some oil, I anointed my hand and laid it
upon the head of the child, while we silently offered up the
desires of our hearts for his restoration. A few hours after-
ward we called, and his father, with a smile of thankfulness,
said, "31ieux heaiicoup! beaucoup!" (Better, much, much!)
September 8th. The child had been so well during the
past night the parents had been enabled to take their rest,
which they had not done for some time before; and to-day
they could leave him and attend to the b isiness of the house.
As I called to see him. Madam Grey expressed her joy in his
restoration. I, in turn, remarked, "/^ J)io d't cielo ha fatto
questa per vol." (The God of heaven lias done this for you.)
Finding circumstances favorable as could be expected, I
considered it wisdom to send for Elder Jabez Woodard, of
London, with whom I had formed an acquaintance while in
that city. By exertions of Elder Margetts, President of the
London Conference, and the liberality of the Saints, he was
enabled to join us on the eighteenth of September. The fol-
lowing day, being eleven months from the time the foreign
mission left the city of tlie Great Salt Lake, I proposed we
should commence our public duties.
It was well known that we had come to establish a
130 BIOGRAPHY AND
church. This was looked upon b}^ many as an impossibility.
But we now found we had the materials marvolously assem-
bled from four different nations, viz: England, Scotland,
Italy, and America. With one member from each of these
countries, we proceeded to organize the Church. AVe
ascended a very high mountain, a little distance from LaTour,
and having taken our position on a bold projecting rock, we
sang praises to the God of heaven, and offered up the follow-
ing prayer:
We, Thy servants, Holy Father, come before Thee upon
this mountain, and ask Thee to look upon us in an especial
manner, and regard our petitions as one friend regards the
peculiar requests of another. Forgive all our sins and trans-
gressions, and let them no more be remembered.
Look, O Lord, upon our many sacrifices in leaving our
wives, our children, and country, to obey Thy voice in offer-
ing salvation to this, people. Receive our gratitude in having
preserved us from destruction amid the cold wintry blasts,
and from the hostile savages of the deserts of America — in
having led us by the Holy Ghost to these valleys of Piedmont.
Thou hast shown us that here Thou hast hid up a portion of
the house of Israel.
In Thy name, we this day lift into view before this
people and this nation tlie ensign of Thy martyred Prophet
and Patriarch, Joseph and Hyrum Smith, the ensign of the
fulness of the Gospel — the ensign of Thy kingdom once more
to be established among men. O Lord, God of our fathers,
protect Thou this banner. Lend us Thine almighty aid in
maintaining it before tlie view of these dark and benighted
nations. May it wave triumphantly from this time forth, till
all Israel shall have heard and received the fulness of Thy
Gospel, and have been delivered from their bondage. May
their bands be broken and the scales of darkness fall from
their eyes.
From the lit'ting up gI' this ensign may a voice go forth
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 131
among the people of these mountains and valleys, and
throughout the length and breadth of this land, and may it
go forth and be unto thine elect, as the voice of the Lord, that
the Holy Spirit may fall upon them, imparting knowledge in
dreams and visions concerning this hour of their redemp-
tion. As the report of us, Thy servants, shall spread abroad,
may it awaken feelings of anxiety with the honest to learn of
Thy doings, and to seek speedily the path of knowledge.
Whomsoever among this people shall employ his influ-
ence, riches or learning to promote the establishment of Thy
Gospel in these nations, may he be crowned with honors in
this world, and in the world to come crowned with eternal
life. Whomsoever shall use his influence or power to hinder
the establishment of Thy Gospel in this country, may he
become, in a surprising manner, before the eyes of all these
nations, a monument of weakness, folly, shame and disgrace.
Sufl"er us not to be overcome by our enemies in the accom-
plishment of this mission, upon which we have been sent.
Let messengers be prepared and sent forth from heaven to
help us in our weakness, and to take the oversight of this
work, and lead it to a glorious consummation.
Kemember our families. Preserve our lives and hearts
from all evil, that when we shall have flnished our missions
we may return safely to the bosom of our families. Bless
Elder Toronto in Sicily, and give him influence and power to
lead to salvation many of his father's house and kindred.
Bless President Young and his council, the Quorum of the
Twelve Apostles, and Thy Saints universally: And to the
Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost, shall be the
praise, honor, and glory, now and forever, amen.
Other proceedings of the day I extract from the journal
of the mission:
Moved by Elder Snow, that the Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-day Saints bo organized in Italy ; seconded and
carried.
132 BIOGRAPHY AND
Moved by Elder Stenhouse, that Elder Lorenzo Snow, of
the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, be sustained President
of the Church in Italy; seconded and carried.
Moved by Elder Snow, that Elder Stenhouse be Secretary
of the Church in Italy; seconded and carried.
The Church in this country, this day, is composed of the
following: Lorenzo Snow, of the Quorum of the Twelve
Apostles; Joseph Toronto, of the Quorum of Seventies; T. B.
H. Stenhouse, Elder, and Jabez Woodard, Elder.
We then sang, "Praise to the man who communed with
Jehovah;" after which. Elder Stenhouse engaged in prayer,
calling upon the Lord to bless and preserve our wives and
families, and all who administer to their wants during our
absence.
Elder Woodard then implored the outpouring of the
Spirit of God upon the honest in heart among the ministers
and people of these lands.
Elder Snow followed, calling upon the God of our fathers,
in mighty prayer, to bless and sanction the proceedings of this
day, and crown our future efforts with success.
As the Spirit of God rested upon us, we "felt it was good
to be here." After singing a song of Zion, Elder Snow
prophesied and said. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-
day Saints, now organized, will increase and multiply, and
continue its existence in Italy, till that portion of Israel, dwel-
ling in these countries, shall have heard and received the
fulness of the Gospel.
Elder Stenhouse prophesied and said, From this time the
work will commence, and nothing will hinder its progress;
and before we are called to return, many will rejoice and bear
testimony to the principles of Truth.
Elder Woodard prophesied and said, The opposition
which may be brought against this Church will, in a visible
and peculiar manner, advance its interests; and the work of God
will at length go from this land, to other nations of the earth.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 133
After we had sung, prayed and prophesied, Elder Snow
laid his hands upon the head of Elder Stenhouse, and, through
the operations of the Spirit, was led to comfort and cheer his
soul with the things of the Kingdom. He then laid his
hands upon the head of Elder Woodard, and prayed that he
might have the power to act as Aaron, and speak unto the
people by the power of God.
Having now finished the business for which we assembled,
we felt reluctant to leave the spot where we had rejoiced so
much in the goodness of the Lord. From the nature of our
proceedings, the fruitfulness of the mountains, the rich
variety around, and the impregnable fortress of the mountains
behind. Elder Snow proposed that this mountain be known
among the people of God, henceforth and forever, as Mount
Brigham, and the rock upon which we stood the Rock of
Prophecy.
We descended the mount and reached LaTour about six
o'clock in the evening. As a sign to all who might visit us,
we nailed to the wall of my chamber the likeness of Joseph
and Hyrum Smith. From that day opportunities began to
occur for proclaiming our message.
There is an English gentleman, a retired English colonel,
residing here, whose name has an almost magical effect upon
the Protestants. He has materially assisted the schools and
other benevolent institutions. Your recommend as Governor
of Utah procured me a ready and cheerful introduction which
resulted in several interesting interviews. On one of those
occasions he said, as he retired, "You shall receive no opposi-
tion on my part; and if you preach the Gospel as faithfully
to all in these valleys as to me, you need fear no reproach in
the day of judgment."
The Protestant chapels here are called temples. The first
that was ever erected was that of St. Lorenzo. It has long
since crumbled into ruins; but a Catholic chapel has been
erected, which now bears the name. One day we were invited
134 BIOGRAPHY AND
to the residence of the officiating priest. We received every
attention from our host, and were furnished a dinner which
exceeded anything we had enjoyed in Italy. When view-
ing his chapel, we took the opportunity of presenting the
truth of the Gospel. He listened with great attention and
proposed many interesting questions in relation to modern
revelation. Although we had intended to return to our resi-
dence, he insisted so urgently that we consented to stay over
night. He presented me an Italian grammar, in which he
inscribed his name. In the morning, after an early break-
fast, he accompanied us some miles on our way.
It is customary among Protestants to hold small meetings
for religious worship in private houses. These are called
"re-unions." We attend them, and sometimes are permitted
to speak upon our principles. This has produced some little
stir among the officials; and a short time since we received an
invitation to attend a public meeting and answer some ques-
tions relative to our mission. We did so, and found some of
the most talented ministers present, with an evident desire to
crush our efforts. But after we had preached and discussed
for three hours, one man, at least, retired with the conviction
that we were the servants of the Lord. On the 27th of
October, this person presented himself as a candidate for
baptism.
The introduction of the principles of truth in all coun-
tries has more or less been attended with anxiety and diffi-
culty; of these we had our share. It was with no small
degree of satisfaction I went down to the river side to attend
to this ordinance. Peculiar, indeed, were my feelings when I
thought on the past, the present, and endeavored to penetrate
the dark labyrinth of unborn time. I rejoiced that the Lord
had thus far blessed our efforts and enabled us to open the
door of the Kingdom in dark and benighted Italy, My
brethren stood on the river bank — the only human witnesses
of this interesting scene. Having long desired this eventful
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 135
time, sweet to us all were the soft sounds of the Italian as I
administered and opened a door which no man can shut.
Tales of slander against the Saints have been circulated
around us already. The list of lies which we have seen in
print here, might bleach the memory of many a vile traducer
in other lands. From the rise of the Church to the death of
Joseph, all the principal facts have been changed for the
foulest misrepresentations. But this is a small part of our
difficulties. We have to preach on the one hand to a people
nominally Protestants, but who have been, from time
immemorial, in a church where organized dissent has been
unknown. The people regard any innovation as an attempt
to drag them from the banner of their martyred ancestry. On
the other hand, we have the Catholics, with their proud pre-
tensions to a priesthood of apostolic origin.
Our presence in this land is only just tolerated and not
recognized as any right, founded upon established laws.
Liberty is only as yet in the bud; and the poet says, "The bud
may have a bitter taste." But while surrounded with diffi-
culties that seem loftier than the snow-crowned Alps, I can
lift up my head as a servant of God, and rejoice in the
anticipation of final triumph. Our course is often dark and
difficult; but I believe that, however slow it may be for a
while, it will ultimately brighten with complete success.
Popery, ignorance, and superstition form a three-fold barrier
to our efforts. Strange customs, laws and languages surround
us on every side. In a word, we feel that we are in Italy —
the polluted fountain which has overspread the earth with her
defiling waters.
LaTour is the principal town in the Protestant valleys.
Here is a large Catholic chapel with a number of officiating
priests. There is a Protestant college, with several professors,
and about seventy students. They have also a large chapel
in course of erection, principally by English liberality.
Having thus given you a sketch of my travels and pro-
136 BIOGRAPHY AND
ceedings, I close with my kind love to yourself and family,.
Elders Kimball and Richards, and all the Saints.
I am, dear President Young, yours very affectionately,
LoKENZo Snow.
President Brigham Young,
Great Salt Lake City, California.
CHAPTER XXI.
Joseph Smith. — His anxiety on the subject of religion. — Secret vocal prayer.
—A brilliant light envelops him. — Two personages appear. — The Lord
speaks to Joseph. — Instructs him. — He has another vision. — Is shown
where records are deposited. — Obtains and translates them. — Testimonies
of the Witnesses. — Baptisms. — Church organized. — Temple built. —
Gifts manifested. — Saints leave Kirtland. — Scenes in Jackson County. —
Extreme Suffering. — Expulsion. — Memorial to Congress.
S an appropriate historical gem, rich with mulium in
parvo (much in a small compass), I copy into this
autobiography, a tract entitled, "The Voice of Joseph,"
which my brother wrote and published for the benefit of his
Southern Europe and East India Missions.
THE VOICE OF JOSEPH.
Joseph Smith, junior, whom it pleased the Lord to select
and appoint to restore the primitive Gospel and apostolic
Priesthood, was born in 1805, in Vermont, United States.
When about fifteen years of age, being seriously impressed
with the necessity of seeking the Lord and preparing for a
future state, bis mind became much perplexed through diffi-
culties thrown in the path of his researches by the multitude
of religious sects and parties with which he was surrounded.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY, 137
Each system required belief, and gave hope; but none could
communicate a knowledge of its divine authority. In com-
paring them one with another there seemed too much con-
fusion; the same also appeared in looking at each separately.
Turning, therefore, from these clashing systems, and being
encouraged and inspired with the following passage in St.
James, "If any of you lack wisdom let him ask of God," he
retired to a grove a little distance from his father's house, and
in fervent prayer besought the Lord to communicate with him,
and reveal the way of salvation. While thus engaged, a light
l)rilliant and glorious appeared in the heavens, gradually
descending towards him till he was enveloped in it, and
wrapped in celestial vision; when he beheld two glorious
beings similar in dress and appearance, who informed him
that the religious sects had all departed from the ancient
doctrine of the Apostles, and that the Gospel, with its gifts
and blessings, should be made known to him at a future
period. Many itnportant things were manifested in this
vision, which the brevity of this work will not permit us to
notice.
On the evening of the twenty-first of September, 1823,
having retired to rest, his mind became filled with anxious
desires to receive the information which he had been previ-
ously promised. While engaged in prayer, and striving to
exercise faith, the room became filled with light far surpass-
ing that of noonday, but in the midst thereof appeared an
additional glory surrounding a person whose countenance was
as lightning, yet so full of goodness, and innocence, and of
such a glorious appearance as to banish all apprehension. He
announced himself as an angel of God, commissioned to
inform him that the covenant with ancient Israel touching
their posterity should soon be accomplished — that the great
work preparatory to the second coming of Messiah should
speedily commence, and the plenitude of the Gospel be made
known to all nations. He also informed him that the abori-
138 BIOGRAPHY AND
gines of America were a remnant of Israel, who, when they
first inhabited that land, enjoyed the ministry of inspired
men; that records of the most important events in their his-
tory had been preserved from their first settlement down to
the period of their national degeneracy; that these records
had been concealed in the earth by one of their last Prophets,
and a promise of the Lord given that they should be revealed
in the last days.
The day following the angel returned and instructed Mr*
Smith to go to the place where those sacred registers were
deposited. On reaching the spot he found a stone projecting
a little above the surface of the ground, and covering a kind
of box made of the same material. On removing this cover,
he beheld the plates on which the records were engraved, but
the angel of the Lord again appeared and said :
You cannot at .this time obtain this record, for the commandment of
God is strict, and if ever these sacred things are obtjfined, they must be by
prayer and faithfulness in obeying the I;ord. They are not deposited here
for the sake of accumulating gain and wealth for the glory of this world;
they were sealed by the prayer of faith, and because of the knowledge
which they contain; they are of no worth among the children of men only
for their knowledge. On them is contained the fulness of the Gospel of
Jesus Christ as it was given to His people on this land; and when it shall be
brought forth by the power of God, it shall be carried to the Gentiles, of
whom many will receive it, and after will the seed of Israel be brought into
the fold of their Redeemer by obeying it also. Those who kept the com-
mandments of the Lord on this land desired this at His hand, and through
the prayer of faith obtained the promise, that if their descendants should
transgress and fall awaj-, a reconl should be kept, and in the last days come
to their children. These things are sacred, and must be kept so, for the
promise of the Lord concerning them must be fulfilled. No man can
obtain them if his heart is impare, bacaasa they contain that which is
sacred. * * * By them will the Lord work a great
and marvelops work; the wisdom of the wise shall become as nought, and
the understanding of the prudent shall be hid, and because the power of
God shall be displayed, those wlio profess to know the truth but walk in
deceit shall tremble with anger; but with signs and with wonders, with gifts
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 139
and with healings, with the manifestations of the power of God, and with
the Holy Grhost, shall the hearts of the faithful be comforted. You have
now beheld the power of God manifested, and the power of Satan; you see
that there is nothing desirable in the works of darkness; that they cannot
bring happiness: that those who are overcome therewith are miserable;
while, on the other hand, the righteous are blessed with a place in the
kingdom of God, where joy unspeakable surrounds them. There they rest
beyond the power of the enemy of truth, where no evil can disturb them.
The glory of God crowns them, and they continuallj- feast upon His good-
ness and enjoy His smiles. BelioJd, notwithstanding you have seen this
great display of power by which you may ever be able to detect the evil
one, yet I give unto you another sign, and when it comes to pass, then
know the Lord is God, and that He will fulfil His purposes, and that the
knowledge which this record contains will go to every nation, and kindred,
and tongue, and people under the whole heaven. This is the sign: and
when these things begin to be known, that is, when it is known that the
Lord has shown you these things, the workers of iniquity will seek your
overthrow. They will circulate falsehoods to destroy your reputation, and
also will seek to take your life; but remember this, if you are foithful,
and shall hereafter continue to keep commandments of the Lord, you shall
be preserved to bring these things forth; for in due time He will give you a
commandment to come and take them. When they are interpreted, the
Lord will give the Holy Priesthood to some, and they shall begin to proclaim
this Gospel and baptize by water, and after that they shall have power to
give the Holy Ghost by the laying on of their hands. Then will persecu-
tion rage more and more; for the iniquities of men shall be revealed, and
those who are not built upon the Rock will seek to overthrow the Church;
but it will increase the more opposed, and spread farther and farther,
increasing in knowledge until they shall all be sanctified, and receive an
inheritance where the glory of God will rest upon them; and when this
takes place, and all things are prepared, the ten tribes of Israel will be
revealed in the north country, whither they have been for a long season; and
Avhen this is fulfilled will be brought to pass that saying of the Prophet,
"And the Redeemer shall come to Zion, and unto them that turn from
transgression in Jacob, saith the Lord." But notwithstanding the workers
of iniquity shall seek your destruction, the arm of the Lord will be extended,
and you will be borne ofi^ conqueror if you keep all His commandments.
Your name shall be known among the nations, for the work which the Lord
will perform by your hands shall cause the righteous to rejoice and the
wicked to rage; with the one it shall be had in honor, and with the other
in reproach; yet with these it shall be a terror, because of the great and
140 BIOGRAPHY AND
marvelous work which shall follow the coming forth of this fulness of the
Gospel. Now, go thy way, remembering what the Lord hath done for thee,
and be diligent in keeping His commandments, and He will deliver thee
from temptations and all the arts and devices of the wicked one. Forget
not to pray, that thy mind may become strong, that when He shall manifest
unto thee thou mayest have power to escape the evil and obtain these
precious things.
During the following four years he frequently received
instruction from the mouth of this heavenly messenger, and
on the 22d of September, 1827, the records were placed in his
hands.
They were engraved in Egyptian characters on plates
having the appearance of gold, and measuring about seven
or eight inches in length and breadth; not quite so thick as
ordinary tin. All were held together by three rings, and
formed a volume of about six inches in thickness; one por-
tion of which was sealed; the characters or letters on the
unsealed part were very diminutive, but perfectly engraved.
By the gift and power of God, Mr. Smith translated them
into the English language, but as he could not write well, he
received the aid of a person who wrote down the translation
which he gave by word of mouth. This important work is
called the Book of Mormon, from the name of an ancient
Prophet who by divine commandment had been engaged in
its compilation. We there find an account of two distinct
races who inhabited the American continent.
The first came from the Tower of Babel; but after fifteen
or sixteen centuries their iniquity became so great that they
were entirely destroyed, even as the Lord had threatened
them by the mouth of holy Prophets, the last of whom left
their history engraved on plates of gold. These were found
by the second race, who were a remnant of Joseph, led forth
in a miraculous manner from Jerusalem during the first year
of the reign of Zedekiah, king of Judah. Their history is
brought down to the year four hundred and twenty of the
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 141
Christian era, when by commandment of God, it was hid in
the earth till revealed as before stated. After the Book of
Mormon was translated, the Lord called witnesses, who have
left the following testimony to the world:
THE TESTIMONY OF THREE WITNESSES.
Be it known unto all nations, kindreds, tongues and people unto whom
this work shall come, that we, through the grace of God the Father, and
our Loixl Jesus Christ, have seen the plates which contain this record, which
is a record of the people of Nephi, and also of the Lamanites, their brethren,
and also of the people of Jared, who came from the tower of which hath
been spoken; and we also know that they have been translated by the gift
and power of God, for His voice hath declared it unto us; wherefore we
know of a surety that the work is true. And we also testify that we have
seen the engravings which are upon the plates; and they have been shewn
unto us by the power of God, and not of man. And we declare with words
of soberness, that an angel of God came down from heaven, and he brought
and laid before our eyes, that we beheld and saw the plates, and the engrav-
ings thereon; and we know that it is by the grace of God the Father, and
our Lord Jesus Christ, that we beheld and bear record that these tljings are
true; and it is marvelous in our eyes; nevertheless, the voice of the LokI
commanded us that we should bear record of it; wherefore, to be obedient
unto the commaiidments of God, we bear testimony of these things. And
we know that if we are faithful in Christ, we shall rid our garments of the
blood of all men, and be found spotless before the judgment-seat of Christ,
and shall dwell with him eternally in the heavens. And the honor be to
the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost, which is one God.
Amen.
Oliver Cowdery,
David Whitmer,
Martin Harris.
AND ALSO the TESTIMONY OF EIGHT WITNESSES.
Be it known unto all nations, kindreds, tongues, and people unto whom
this work shall come, that Joseph Smith, Jun., the translator of this work,
has shewn unto us the plates of which hath been spoken, which have the
appearance of gold; and as many of the leaves as the said Smith has trans-
lated, we did handle with our hands; and we also saw the engravings thereon ,
all of which has the appearance of ancient work and of curious workman-
142 BIOGRAPHY AND
ship. And this we bear recoixl Avith vvoi-ds of soberness, that the said Smith
has shewn unto us, for we have seen and lielted, and know of a surety that
the said Smith has got the plates of which we have spoken. And we give
our names unto the world, to witness unto the world that which we have
seen; and we lie not, God bearing witness of it.
Christiax Whitmer, Hiram Page,
Jacob Whitmer, Joseph Smith, Sen.,
Peter Whitmer, Jun., Hyrum Smith,
John Whitmer, Samuel H. Smith.
In the year 1829, Mr. Smith and Mr. Cowdery, having
learned the proper mode of baptism from the instructions
contained in the Book of Mormon, they desired to receive that
ordinance; but knowing that no one among the different
denominations had authority to administer, they sought for a
revelation upon the subject, and an angel appeared unto them
while they were in prayer, laid his hands upon their heads,
and ordained them to the Priesthood, and commanded them
to baptize one another.
In the year 1830, a large edition of the Book of Mormon
was printed; and as some began to read its sacred pages,
the Spirit of the Lord bore witness to its truth, and they
obeyed its requirements; repenting in humility before the
Lord, they were immersed in water for the remission of sins,
and received the laying on of hands for the gift of the Holy
Ghost.
On the 6th of April, 1830, the Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-day Saints was organized in the town of Fayette,
Seneca County, State of New York. Several persons were
called, and ordained by the spirit of revelation and prophecy,
and began to preach and bear testimony; and although they
were the feeble things of the earth, they became mighty by
the Holy Spirit.
As tliey traveled forth, bearing their testimony, the
attention of all classes was aroused. Many honest hearted
persons came forward, were baptized, received the gift of the
AUTOBIOGRAPHY ' 143
Holy Ghost, and knowledge of the truth of the principles.
Others mocked, derided, slandered and raised the weapons of
persecution. Not stopping a moment to examine whether the
restoration of ancient Gospel privileges was or was not scriptural
doctrine, they foolishly reasoned themselves into the conclusion
that it was justifiable to use any means, however wrong and
cruel, to hinder the progress of those principles. I am sorry
to say, yet duty requires the statement, that, in many instances,
ministers of religious denominations would indulge in the
same reasoning, and b}'' false reports, misrepresentations and
slanders, stir up the evil minded to persecute the servants of
God. It is to instances of this kind that we have often traced
the original cause of many scenes of spoliation and murder,
which we have experienced during the past twenty years of
our pilgrimage.
In the year 1831, the Saints established a settlement in
Lake County, State of Ohio. One thousand miles from this
place, in Jacksan County, State of Missouri, they also made
another settlement about the same time. The history of the
Saints who settled in Ohio will first be noticed, afterwards
that of those at the last mentioned location.
In Lake County, having increased in numbers to several
hundreds, and having no convenient place for public worship,
a Temple was commenced for this purpose. Its dimensions,
form and order were shown of the Lord in vision; and it was
built according to the pattern shown. In accomplishing this
work they experienced severe opposition from their enemies,
who were determined no such building should be erected, and
sought every means in their power to harass, perplex and
annoy them; employing the most wicked and disgraceful
measures to liindcr their operations. At this infantile stage
of the Church's progress, mobs had not become so emboldened
in that part oi; the country as to appear and come against the
Saints in dayliglit, but in the night time, in parties of fifty or
sixty, clothed in disguise, they would steal in upon them for
144 BIOGRAPHY AND
the purpose generally of destroying their property. Guards
were obliged to be kept up by the Saints, to preserve them-
selves against these depredations. Notwithstanding their
utmost vigilance, however, in many instances property was
plundered and destroyed. Lawsuits would frequently be
instituted, without the least cause whatever, except to weary,
harass and torment an unoffending and innocent people. Not-
withstanding these oppositions and perplexities, a magnificent
Temple was completed and dedicated to the Lord in the pres-
ence of thousands. The day of blessings, and of rejoicings in
the history of the Saints, had now arrived. While assembling
themselves together, from time to time, in the House of the
Lord, to fast and pray, speaking to each other of the goodness
of God, offering up their spiritual and enlivening songs of
gratitude and thanksgivine to Him who had again spoken
from heaven, and spoken of good things near at hand for His
people of all nations, they often experienced remarkable visi-
tations of the goodness and power of God, showing His
approval of their conduct and acceptance of His House. The
aged fathers, leaning upon their stnfts, would rise in the
midst of their brethren, being filled with the Holy Ghost,
and express their gratitude in flowing tears for the mercies of
God towards them in giving them knowledge, before going
down to the grave, of the restoration of the Priesthood and
fulness of the Gospel; exhorting the young Elders to be vir-
tuous, upright and holy; to go forth manfully, without fear,
depending upon the God of heaven, bearing a faithful testi-
mony of the knowledge given them; for, though deficient in
worldly wisdom, the power of the Lord would be with them,
and they should not be confounded. The youth, the middle
aged, both men and women, clothed with the spirit of inspi-
ration, would speak, as with the tongue of angels, of the mar-
velous blessings which they had experienced, and the knowl-
edge God had imparted unto them, concerning this great work
preparatory to the coming of the Son of God. One would
AUTOBIOGRAPPIY. 145
exercise tlie gift of tongues, another that of interpretation,
and some would have the gift of prophecy. One would speak
of the blessings of faith, another would testify of knowledge,
and some would have the spirit of exhortation. Thus were
their gifts exercised, and all editied together, proving they
lived in the time of the fulfilment of Joel's prophecy, which
saith: "I will pour out my Spirit upon all flesh; and your
sons and your daughters shall prophesy; your old men shall
dream dreams, your young men shall see visions; and also
upon the servants, and upon the handmaids, in those days,
will I pour out my Spirit " (ii: 28, 29.) Those indeed were
happy days. Tlie sick were healed by the laying on of hands
and anointing with oil; and, in some instances the dumb
spake; the deaf had their hearing restored; and the blind
received their sight. Hard indeed must be that heart that
envies the Saints the possession of such blessings, when it is
known what was the expense of the purchase which they
afterwards paid. Indeed, we little suspected the fiery trials,
that were in store, and scenes of devastation and bloodshed
which followed.
As the testimony of these things was proclaimed from
time to time, and the faith of the Saints became known among
the people in the surrounding country, opposition and perse-
cution increased. The wicked and more disorderly portion
of the community became more bold in their attacks upon
the Saints and their property. Not unfrequently they were
secretly influenced and supported by those who professed
piety and religion and to be ministers of Jesus Christ. At
last, w^earied of this endless scene of molestation and such
insufferable vexations, they concluded, like Abraham of old,
to contend no longer for their rights; but, leaving the fruits of
their labor with their enemies, flee to some more peaceful
clime. Accordingly, they commenced leaving the country,
and in the course of one year nearly all had left, numbering
about two thousand, having left at a sacrifice of at least two-
is
r
146 BIOGRAPHY AND
thirds of all their property. They journeyed westward, some
locating themselves in one place and some in another, accord-
ing to their means and circumstances. The major part went
into the State of Missouri, many of whom located in Caldwell
County. This occurred in the year 1838.
The attention of the reader will now he directed to that
branch of the Church which located in Jackson County. Here
we shall be under the necessity of relating troubles of a more
serious character. The land being only one dollar and a
quarter per acre, the Saints, though generally poor, were
enabled, many of them, to make very extensive purchases. By
industry and perseverance large farms were soon opened,
orchards planted, mills and public buildings erected, institu-
tions for education formed, a printing press established, the
foundation for a Temple laid, and beautiful private dwellings
began to appear in all directions upon those broad and beauti-
ful prairies. To the settler having but little capital, it is pre-
sumed no country was ever discovered possessing so many
advantages as that which the Saints here occupied. It is
described in the following language by one of the members of
the colony: "Unlike the timbered States in the east, except
upon the rivers and water courses, which were verdantly
dotted with trees; from one to three miles wide, as far as the
eye can glance, the beautiful rolling prairies lay spread around
like a sea of meadows. The timber is a mixture of oak, hick-
ory, box, elder, and bass wood, together with the addition of
cotton wood, buUon wood, pecon, soft and hard maple, upon
the bottoms. The shrubbery was beautiful, and consisted in
part of plums, grapes, crab apples and persimmons. The
prairies were decorated with a growth of flowers that seemed
as gorgeous and grand as the brilliancy of stars in the heavens,
and exceed description. The soil is rich and fertile, from
three to ten feet deep, and generally composed of a rich black
mould, intermingled with clay and sand. It produces in
abundance wheat, corn and many other commodities, together
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 147
with sweet potatoes and cotton." Here, then, was the place
appointed of the Lord for His people to locate and build Him
a house in which they might worship Him in purity and holi-
ness, and His servants receive wisdom, knowledge and power,
and be prepared to go forth among all nations, kindreds,
people and languages, carrying the everlasting Gospel, in
fulfilment of John's prophecy, that all people might under-
stand the near approach of the coming of the Son of Man,
and the wise virgins trim their lamps and be prepared. While
they were peaceably and industriously pursuing this object,
Satan began to stir up the people around to jealousy, envy and
hatred. Mob meetings were held in different parts of the
country; resolutions passed, and measures entered into to
drive the Saints from their possessions. In the month of
November, 1833, a ruthless and murderous mob, composed of
many hundreds, armed with weapons of destruction, came
suddenly upon the Saints, who were unprepared for defense,
and drove men, women and children from their lovely
habitations. Their deep distress, and the severity of their
sufferings, it is no pleasing duty to relate. Women were
shamefully abused in the presence of their husbands, daughters
in the presence of their parents; defenceless men were shot
down like wild beasts of the forest; some, while fleeing for
their lives, were pursued, caught, tied to trees and whipped
till their bowels gushed out and death ended their sufferings.
Over two hundred of their houses were burned, the remainder
were plundered, and their horses and cattle driven away. So
suddenly were they compelled to flee, that only in a few
instances sufficient apparel could be taken to preserve them
from the cold, wintry blasts. The extreme sufferings of
women and children may easily be imagined. In consequence
of these severities, many perished by the way, before any kind
hand of hospitality offered its relief. While the Saints lay
upon the cold, bleak prairies, without a home and without a
friend except'the God of heaven, a very singular phenomenon
148 BIOGRAPHY AND
appeared in the heavens, which created quite a panic among
the mob, viz.: the meteoric shower, or shooting stars, which
was seen in various parts of the world by many millions.
After this expulsion from Jackson County, they located in
the upper portion of the same State, till the year 1838, when
again they were assailed by a murderous mob, and having
suffered the loss of many lives and nearly all their property,
were compelled to leave the State. To give the reader more
particular information respecting the persecutions of the
Saints, and their expulsion from the State of Missouri, we
present entire a memorial which was laid before the Congress
of the United States:
AMERICAN exiles' MEMORIAL TO CONGRESS.
To the Honorable Senators and Representatives of the United States of
America, in Congress assembled.*
We, the undersigned, members of the City Council of the city of
Nauvoo, citizens of Hancock County, Illinois, and exiles from the State of
Missouri, being in council assembled, unanimously and respectfully, for
ourselves, and in behalf of many thousands of other exiles, memorial-
ize the honorable Senators and Eepresentatives of our nation, upon the
subject of the unparalleled persecutions and cruelties inflicted upon us, and
upon our constituents, by the constituted authorities of the State of
Missouri; and likewise upon the subject of the present unfortunate circum-
stances in which we are placed in the land of our exile. As a history of
the Missouri outrages has been extensively published, both in tjiis country
and in Europe, it is deemed unnecessary to particularize all of the wrongs
and grievances inflicted upon us, in this memorial, as there is an abundance
of well attested documents to which your honorable body can at any time
refer; hence we only embody the following important items for your consid-
eration:
First. Your memorialists, as free born citizens of this great republic,
relying with the utmost confidence upon the sacred "Articles of the Con-
stitution," by which the several States are bound together, and considering
ourselves entitled to all the privileges and immunities of free citizens in
what State soever we desired to locate ourselves, commenced a settlement
in Jackson County, on the western frontiers of the State of Missouri, in the
summer of 1831. There we purchased lands from government; erected
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 149
several hundred houses; made extensive improvements; and shortly the
wild and lonel}" prairies and stately forests were converted into well culti-
vated and fruitful fields. There we expected to spend our days in the enjoy-
ment of all the rights and liberties bequeathed to us by the sufferings and
blood of our noble ancestors. But, alas! our expectations were vain. Two
years had scarcely elapsed before we were unlawfully and unconstitutionally
assailed by an organized mob, consisting of the highest officers in the
county, both civil and military, who boldly and openly avowed their deter-
mination, in a written circular, to drive us from said county. As a speci-
men of their treasonable and cruel designs, your honorable body are referred
to said circular, of which the following is but a short extract, namely: "We,
the undersigned, citizens of Jackson County, believing that an important
crisis is at hand as regards our civil society, in consequence of a pretended
religious sect of people that have settled and are still settling In our
county, styling themselves Mormons; and intending, as we do, to rid
our society, 'peaceably,' if we can — 'forcibly,' if we must; and believing,
as we do, that the arm of the civil law does not afford ua a guarantee, or at
least a sufficient one, against the evils which are now inflicted upon us, and
seem to be increasing by the said religious sect, deem it expedient and of
the highest importance, to form ourselves into a company fur the better and
easier accomplishment of our purpose." This document was closed in the
following words: "We theref<ire agree, after timely warning, and receiving
an adequate compensation for what little property they cannot take with
them, they refuse to leave us in peace, as they found us, we agree to use
such means as may be sufficient to remove them, and to that end we each
pledge to each other our bodily powers, our lives, fortunes, and sacred
honors."
To this unconstitutional document Avere attached the names of nearly
every officer in the county, together with the names of hundreds of others.
It was by this band of murderers, that your memorialists, in the year 1833,
were plundered of their property, and robbed of their peaceable homes. It
was by them their fields were laid waste, their houses burned, and their
men, women and children, to the number of about twelve hundred per-
sons, banished as exiles from the county, while othei-s were cruelly mur-
dered by their hands.
Second. After our expulsion from Jackson County, we settled in Clay
County, on the opposite side of the Missouri River, where we purchased
lands both from the old settlers and from the Land Office; but soon we
were again violently tlireatened by mobs, and obliged to leave our homes
and seek out a new location.
Tliird. Our next settlement was in Caldwell County, where we pur-
150 BIOGRAPHY AND
chased the most of the lands in said county, besides a part of the lands in
Daviess and Carroll counties. These counties were almost entirely in a wild
and uncultivated state; but by the persevering industry of our citizens,
large and extensive farms were opened in every direction, well stocked
with numerous flocks and herds. We also commenced settlements in sev-
eral other counties of the State, and once more confidently hoped to enjoy
the hard earned fruits of our labor unmolested; but our hopes were soon
blasted. The cruel and murderous spirit which first began to manifest
itself in the constituted authorities and inhabitants of Jackson County, and
afterwards in Clay and the surrounding counties, receiving no check either
from the (iivil or military power of the State, had, in the meantime, taken
courage, and boldly and fearlessly spread its contaminating and treasonable
influence in every department of the government of said State. Lieuten-
ant-Governor Boggs, a resident of Jackson County, who acted a conspicu-
ous part in our expulsion from said county, instead of being tried for
treason and rebellion against the Constitution, and suffering the just pen-
alty of his crimes, was actually elected Governor, and placed in the execu-
tive chair. Thus the inhabitants of the State were greatly encouraged to
renew with redoubled fury their unlawful attack upon our defenceless
settlements. Men, women and children were driven in every direction
before their merciless persecutors. Robbed of their possessions, their
property, the'r provisions and their all; cast forth upon the bleak snowy
prairies, houseless and unprotected, many sunk down and expired under
their accumulated sufferings, while others, after enduring hunger and the
severities of the season, suffering all but death, arrived in Caldwell County,
to which place they were driven from all the surrounding counties only
to witness a still more heart rending scene; in vain had we appealed to
the constituted authorities of Missouri for protection and redress of our
former grievances; in vain we now stretched out our hands and appealed as
the citizens of this great republic to the sympathies — to the justice and
magnanimity of those in power; in vain we implored, again and again, at
the feet of Governor Boggs, our former persecutor, aid and protection
against the ravages and murders now inflicted upon our defenceless and
unoffending citizeni. The cry of American citizens, already twice driven
and deprived of liberty, could not penetrate their adamantine hearts. The
Governor, instead of sending us aid, issued a proclamation for our exter-
mination and banishment; ordered out the forces of the State, placed
them under the command of General Clarke, who, to execute these exter-
minating order-?, marched several thousand troops into our settlements in
Caldwell County, where, unrestrained by fear of law or justice, and urged
on by the highest authority of the State, they laid waste our fields of corn,
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 151
shot down our cattle and hogs for sport, burned our dwellings, inhumanly-
butchered some eighteen or twenty defenceless citizens, dragged from their
hiding places little children, and placing the muzzles of their guns to their
lieads, shot them, Avith the most horrid oaths and imprecations. An aged
hero and patriot of the revolution, who served under General Washington,
while in the act of pleading for quartei-s, was cruelly muitlered and hewed
in pieces with an old corn-cutter;" and in addition t§ all these savage acta
of barbarity, they forcibly dragged virtuous and inoffensive females from
their dwellings, bound them upon benches used for public worship, where
they, in great numbers, ravished them in a most brutal manner. Some
fifty or sixty of the citizens were thrust into prisons and dungeons, where,
bound in chains, they were fed on human flesh, while their families, and
some fifteen thousand others, were, at the point of the bayonet, forcibly
expelled from the State. In the meantime, to pay the expenses of these
horrid outrages, they confiscated our property, and robbed us of all our
possessions. Before our final expulsion, with a faint and lingering hope,
we petitioned the State Legislature, then in session, unwilling to believe
that American citizens could appeal in vain for a restoration of liberty,
cruelly wrested from them by cruel tyrants. But in the language of our
noble ancestors, "our repeated petitions were only answered by repeated
injuries." The Legislature, instead of hearing the cries of fifteen thousand
suffering, bleeding, unoffending citizens, sanctioned and sealed the uncon-
stitutional acts of the Governor and his troops, by appropriating two hun-
dred thousand dollars to defray the expenses of exterminating us from the
State.
No friendly arm was stretched out to protect us. The last ray of
hope for redress in that State was now entirely extinguished. We saw no
other alternative but to bow down our necks and wear the cruel yoke of
oppression, and quietly and submissively suffer ourselves to be banished aa
exiles from our possessions, our property, and our sacred homes; or other-
wise see our wives and children coldly murdered and butchered by tyrants
in power.
Fourth. Our next permanent settlement was in the land of our exile,
the State of Illinois, in the spring of 1839. But even here we are not
secure from our relentless persecutor, the State of Missouri. Not satisfied
in having drenched her soil in the blood of innocence, and expelling us from
her borders, she pursues her unfortunate victims into banishment, seizing
upon and kidnapping them in their defenceless moments, dragging them
across the Mississippi River, upon their inhospitable shores, where they are
tortured, whipped, immured in dungeons, and hung by the neck without
any legal process whatever. We have memorialized the former executive
152 BIOGRAPHY AND
of this State, Governor Carlin, upon these lawless outrages committed upon
our citizens, but he rendered us no protection. Missouri, receiving no
check in her murderous career, continues her depredations, again and
again kidnapping our citizens, and robbing us of our property; while
Others, who fortunately survived the execution of her bloody edicts, are
agairi and again demanded by the executive of that State, on pretence of
some crime, said to j^ve been committed by them during the extermi-
nating expedition against our people. As an instance. General Joseph
Smith, one of your memorialists, has been three times demanded, tried,
and acquitted by the courts of this State, upon investigation under writs of
habeas corpus, once by the United States court for the district of IlUnois;
again by the Circuit court of the State of Illinois; and lastly, by the Munici-
pal court of the city of Nauvoo, when at the same time a nolle prosequi
had been entered by the courts of Missouri, upon all the cases of that State
against Joseph Smith and others. Thus the said Joseph Smith has been
several times tried for the same alleged offence, put in jeopardy of life and
limb, contrary to the fifth article of the amendments to the Constitution of
these United States; and thus we have been continually harassed and
robbed of our money to defray the expenses of those vexatious prosecu-
tions. And what at the present time seems to be still more alarming, is
the hostility manifested by some of the authorities and citizens of this State.
Conventions have been called, inflammatory speeches made, and many
unlawful and unconstitutional resolutions adopted, to deprive us of our
rights, our liberties, and the peaceable enjoyment of our possessions. From
the present hostile aspect, and from bitter experience in the State of
Missouri, it is greatly feared that the barbarous scenes acted in that State
will be re-acted in this. If I^issouri goes unpunished, others will be greatly
encouraged to follow her murderous examples. The afflictions of your
memorialists have already been overwhelming, too much for humanity, too
much for American citizens to endure without complaint. We have
groaned under the iron hand of tyranny and oppression these many years.
We have been robbed of our property to the amount of two millions of dollars.
We have been hunted as the wild beasts of the forest. We have seen our
aged fathers who fought in the Revolution, and our innocent children, alike
slaughtered by our persecutors. We have seen the fair daughters of Ameri-
can citizens insulted and abused in the most inhuman manner, and finally,
we have seen fifteen thousand souls, men, women, and children, driven by
force of arms, during the severities of winter, from their sacred homes and
firesides, to a land of strangere, penniless and unprotected. Under all
these afflicting circumstances, we imploringly stretch forth our hands
towards the highest councils of our nation, and humbly appeal to the illus-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 153
trioiis Senators and Representatives of a great and free people for redress
and protection.
Hear! O hear the petitioning voice of many thousands of American
citizens who now groan in exile on Columbia's free soil! Hear! O hear the
weeping and bitter lamentations of widows and orphans, whose husbands
and fathers have been cruelly martyred in the land where the proud eagle
exultingly floats! Let it not be recorded in the archives of the nations,
that Columbia's exiles sought protection and redress at your hands, but
sought it in vain. It is in your power to save us, our wives, and our chil-
dren, from a repetition of the bloodthirsty scenes of Missouri, and thus
greatly relieve the fears of a persecuted and injured people, and your
petitioners will ever pray.
The names of the petitioners are omitted for want of
room.
The foregoing memorial was presented in the spring of
1844, making the third time those horrid scenes of murder
had been laid before the Congress of the United States.
CHAPTER XXII.
Why the Saints are persecuted. — Persecutions in different ages of the World
— How Jethro came to Moses. — The Saints locate in Illinois. — A short
season of peace.— Hostilities resumed. — Perfidy of the Governor of the
State. — Assassination. —The Prophet's testimony that his work was
finished. — The Saints are driven. — Their journey. — War with the remain-
der.— Extracts from Epistle. — Peace. — Perpetual Fund. — Labors of the
Elders. — Publications. — The work of twenty years. — The power of truth.
1 OES the reader request to know the cause of those horrid
persecutions? I would ask, what caused the persecu-
tions against the Saints anciently? The answer of the
one answers the other. It is acknowledged, however, a singu-
lar phenomenon in human nature that a class of people,
moral, virtuous and innocent, should become an object of
envy, hatred, malice, spoliation and murder by their sur-
154 BIOGRAPHY AND
rounding neighbors. Without entering into an explanation
of the secret cause of this phenomenon of mind, we purpose
only to present a few facts showing such is the nature of man-
kind, not only religiously, but morally considered. The most
important moral, physical and philosophical discoveries have
commonly been attended with persecution, imprisonment
confiscation of property, banishment or martyrdom. The
names of Seneca, Socrates, Columbus, Galileo and Harvey,
which now adorn the pages of history, were each in their turn
the butt of scorn, ridicule and contempt; and so it generally
has been with every man who has ever benefited the human
family. In religious discoveries the same effects have fol-
lowed. Every religious reformation has been attended with
more or less persecution and martyrdom, from righteous Abel
down to the latest murder committed upon the Latter-day
Saints. Abel, through some appointed means, obtained very
important blessings from heaven; as soon as this was known,
he became an object of hatred, and was slain! And so on to
the coming of Christ like scenes followed in every age. Paul,
speaking of persecution, says: "Others had trial of cruel
mockings and scourgings, yea, moreover, of bonds and
imprisonment; they were stoned, they were sawn asunder,
were tempted, were slain with the sword; they wandered
about in sheep skins and goat skins; being destitute, afflicted,
tormented; of whom the world was not worthy; they wan-
dered in deserts, and in mountains, and dens and caves of the
earth." The occasion of those persecutions arose not from
their immorality, but from their having received peculiar
heavenly gifts and blessings. Jesus, the Son of God, when in
the world, had no other object but the good of mankind, but
when he began to affirm that God was His Father, and He
was one with His Father, and was doing His will, jealousy
was stirred up, envy arose. He was called seditious, an enemy
to mankind, and His life was sought and finally taken. His
Twelve Apostles, without influence or learning, bore testi-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY 155
mony of knowledge actually received, and of having author-
ity to baptize both priests and people, rich and poor, bond
and free, with a promise of the gift of the Holy Ghost. But
what was the result? How were they received? Were they
accounted good, peaceable men, and well spoken of? No! far
from it; most all people spoke against them, and no doubt
considered them wicked, designing men, for they immediately
set about whipping, stoning, imprisoning and killing them.
Their own brethren, the Jews, who were best acquainted with
them, were the most industriously engaged in this business.
Ministers of the Jewish laws, those educated for the purpose
and who made it their daily employment to expound and
teach the people the word of God delivered by the holy
Prophets, were generally the foremost and most bitter in these
crusades against Jesus Christ, the Apostles and the Saints.
Had those persons who professed to understand the Scriptures
"and to whom the people looked for proper explanations, been
honest and virtuous men, and used a righteous influence with
the people, thousands, in room of rejecting Jesus Christ and
His Apostles, would have received their testimony. So, in
reference to ourselves, had the ministers and clergy come to
us like the good Jethro to Israel, with kind sympathy in their
bosoms, and shown us that friendship which one religious
class of people ought always to manifest for another, or had
they used even a moral influence in our favor, the evils and
cruelties heaped upon us by our enemies would have been
much lessened, and those persons, like Jethro, would have
been spoken of with praise and honor to the latest ages of
posterity. But, alas! few instances of this kind can be
recorded. It is with pleasure, however, that we here mention
that in times of deep distress, brought upon the Saints by
these persecutions, when large public meetings were called in
various parts of the United States by virtuous and honorable
citizens of the country, to express their abhorrence and
detestation of those crimes and cruelties, those professing
156 BIOGRAPHY AND
themselves ministers of the Gospel, in some instances, came
forward at those meetings and discountenanced the persecu-
tions of the Saints. Such acts of nobleness, independence of
mind and human sympathy will not be forgotten.
The relation of these scenes of persecution is not offered
as direct evidence of the truth of our religion; but it is a
plain evidence of the corruption of any people who persecute
or look silently on without raising their voice or influence in
behalf of the persecuted. The evidence of the authenticity
of our religion is to be found in the fact of our possessing the
fruits of the ancient Gospel, the gifts and blessings promised
the true believers; and if found in possession of these bless-
ings, that is a sufficient explanation of the cause of those
horrid persecutions.
Having been driven from Missouri, they then located in
Illinois, in the spring of 1839, as mentioned in the memorial.
Here they built up a beautiful city, called Nauvoo; obtained
from the Legislature of the State a city charter; organized
several literary institutions; established a printing press;
commenced another Temple; built a number of magnificent
public edifices; opened hundreds and thousands of large and
extensive plantations in the surrounding country; and sent
forth hundreds of Elders as missionaries into different parts
of the world. Many began to indulge the fond hope of having
here found an asylum of peace; and being no more troubled
with their enemies, would be enabled to sit peaceably under
the shade of their vine and fig tree, and enjoy the fruit of
their labors. It was not long, however, before things trans-
pired of a nature to convince them this anxiously looked for
period had not yet arrived. Their enemies in Missouri, not
satisfied with the cruelties and murders they had committed
in driving them from the State, continued their molestations.
Not receiving any check from the authorities of the country,
they became emboldened in their aggressions. They soon
found plenty of corrupt and abandoned characters in the
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 157
State of Illinois willing to co-operate with them in stirring
up jealousy and raising excitement among the people, in order
more effectually to execute their murderous designs. Believ-
ing tliat the continuance and prosperity of the Saints were
dependent on the existence of their Prophet, Joseph Smith,
they set about concocting schemes for his destruction. By
resorting to false accusations and perjury, they procured a
State warrant for his apprehension, and also that of his
brother Hyrum. Aware that their diabolical schemes would
be frustrated if the prisoners had a legal trial, they succeeded
in lodging them in Carthage jail; a place where the Governor
of the State pledged himself they should be protected, and
secure from mobs and violence; but in every respect it was
only suitable for the accomplishment of their bloody deeds.
On the 27th of June, 1844, while Joseph and Hyrum were in
this situation, awaiting their trial on the following day, their
enemies determined to execute their designs. About 5 o'clock
p. m., of that day, an armed mob, painted black, of from one
hundred and fifty to two hundred persons, rushed from the
surrounding woods, drove away the sentinels guarding the
prison, and poured through the door and windows a torrent
of lead that laid the brothers low in the arms of death! I'hen
fell two icorthy men! Everlasting honor and immortality is
their portion, and their names henceforth are classified with
mart^TS for truth! When this sad event occurred, two of the
Twelve Apostles, John Taylor and Willard Richards, were
with them in prison, as visitors. The former received four
balls in his body, the other escaped unharmed. These men
live to tell the bloody tragedy which has sealed disgrace upon
their country.
A few months previous to this murder, Joseph, in giving
instructions to the Twelve in relation to the building up of
Zion, preparatory to the coming of the Son of God, informed
them that his ivork teas finished on the earth, and from that
time the responsibility of carrying the Gospel to every nation
158 BIOGRAPHY AND
devolved upon them; and, as he bid farewell to some friends,
on leaving for Carthage, he said: "I am going like a lamb to
the slaughter; but I am calm as a summer's morning; I have
a conscience void of offence towards God, and towards all
men; I shall die innocent, and it shall yet be said of me — he
was murdered in cold blood.'' An intimate acquaintance with
those men from the early rise of the Church to their martyr-
dom, justifies the writer in bearing this testimony that he
knows they were virtuous, honorable and righteous men — men
whom God loved, and whom all good men would have
respected, loved and honored had they known their true
character.
Contrary to the hopes and expectations of their enemies,
the Saints continued to build their Temple, and attend to
their ordinary labors. Petition after petition was presented
to government for redress of their grievances; but a deaf ear
was turned to their supplications. Their enemies, finding
that no persecution nor even the martyrdom of their Prophet
could destroy their union, then determined to drive them
from their city; at last, persecution became so grievous and
insufferable that the Saints were forced to leave their houses
in the depth of winter, and wander in the western wilder-
ness.
In the beginning of February, 184G, President Brigham
Young, the Twelve Apostles, with their wives and families,
and thousands of others, left the city of Nauvoo, traveling
in a westerly direction, as they were guided by the Spirit of
God. By reason of being exposed to the inclemency of the
weather, and having only the thin covering of tents and
wagons to protect them from its fury, many who had pre-
viously suffered from persecution could endure no longer, and
fell asleep in death.
Having journeyed two hundred miles, they encamped and
made a temporary settlement, called Garden Grove; forty
miles in advance of this they made another, called Mount
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 159
Pisgah; one hundred and fifty miles beyond this, they made
a third settlement at Council Bluffs. While here resting from
the fatigue of journeying, many were overtaken with sickness,
which was the result of former severe privations. In the
midst of their troubles, at a time when every man was
required more than ever to watch over and protect his help-
less wife and family from the hordes of savage Indians and
wild beasts of the forest, with which they were surrounded, a
message was received from the President of the United States,
requesting five hundred men to enter the army and march
against the Mexicans. This demand, though strange and
heartrending, was complied with; five hundred men were
thus taken from the camps of the Saints, leaving behind them
fathers, mothers, wives and children in the midst of afflictions,
many of whom were dwelling in miserable log huts, tents,
and wagons, with scarcely the common necessaries of life.
A few months after their departure, their enemies still
burning with rage, and finding the body of the Saints beyond
their reach, made an attack on those remaining in Nauvoo, an
account of which we extract from a general epistle of the
Twelve, December 23, 1847:
In September, 1846, an infuriated mob, clad in all the horrors of war,
fell on the Saints who had still remained in Nauvoo for want of means to
remove; murdered some, and drove the remainder across the Mississippi
into Iowa, where, destitute of houses, tents, food, clothing or money, they
received temporary assistance from some benevolent souls in Quincy, St.
Louis, and other places, whose names will ever be remembered with grati-
tude. But at that period the Saints were obliged to scatter to the north,
south, east and west, wherever they could find shelter and procure employ-
ment. And, hard as it is to write it, it must ever remain a truth on the
page of history, that while the flower of Israel's camp was sustaining the
wings of the Auiorican eagle, by their influence and arms, in a foreign
country, their brothers, sisters, fathers, mothers and children were driven
by mob violence I'rom a free and independent State, of the same national
republic, and were compelled to flee from the fire, the sword, the musket
and the cannon's mouth as from the demon of death. "'' * *
160 BIOGRAPHY AND
Their property in Hancock CJounty, Illinois, was little or no better than
confiscated; many of their houses were burned by the mob, and they were
obliged to leave most of those that remained without sale; and those who
bargained sold almost for a song; lor the influence of their enemies was to
cause such a diminution in the value of property, that from a handsome
estate was seldom realized enough to remove the fiimily comfortably away;
and thousands have since been wandering to and fro, destitute, afflicted,
and distressed for the common necessaries of life, or unable to endure have
sickened and died by hundreds; while the Temple of the Lord is left solitary
in the midst of our enemies; an enduring monument of the diligence and
integrity of the Saints.
While the faints were passing through those scenes of
persecutions, sufferings and deep affliction, many glorious
manifestations of divine approbation were given them, which
we should have been happy here to record, did our limits and
the nature of the work admit.
The Saints in the wilderness continued their journeying
as circumstances would allow; having to cut their way
through woods and valleys, over rivers and mountains, a dis-
tance of fourteen hundred miles. At length, on the 21st of
July, 1847, the pioneers discovered a beautiful valley beyond
the "Pass" of the great Rocky Mountains, being a portion of
the Great Basin of Upper California, near the southern shore
of the Great Salt Lake. On the 24th the President and first
company entered this their present home; other companies,
year after year, continue their emigration to this point. Here
Israel* will remain till the indignation of an offended God is
poured out upon the nations. Here will peace and happiness
dwell, while nation is at war with nation, and kingdom
against kingdom; and here the people of "many nations shall
come and say, come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of
the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob; and He will teach
us of His ways, and we will walk in His paths; for the law
shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the Lord from Jeru-
salem." Micah iv: 2.
Though persecution, poverty, sickness and trials of every
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 161
description have come upon this people, they have stood the
fiery trial, and given evidence to all men, to angels and to
God, of their faith, virtue and fidelity. Now the Church of
the living God, far beyond the reach of mobs and strife, in
her hiding place, shall grow like a tree planted by rivers of
waters, till "she looketh forth as the morning, fair as the
moon, clear as the sun, and terrible as an army with ban-
ners." Cant, vi: 10,
As we have had to describe scenes of sorrow and sufifer-
ing, harrowing to the feelings of the virtuous, we feel happy,
indeed, that we can now direct the reader to tlie present
favorable situation of the Saints. The following extract we
take from the same general epistle :
We are at peace with all nations, with all kingdoms, with all powers,
with all governments, with all authorities under the whole heavens, except
the kingdom and power of darkness, which are from beneath, and are
ready to stretch forth our arms to the four quarters of the globe, extending
salvation to every honest soul; for our mission in the Gospel of Jesus Christ is
from sea to sea, and from the rivers to the ends of the earth; and the blessing
of the Lord is upon us; and when every other arm shall fail, the power of
the Almighty will be manifest in our behalf; for we ask nothing but what
is right, we want nothing but what is right, and God has said that our
strength shall be equal to our day; and we invite all presidents, and
emperors, and kings, and princes, and nobles, and governors, and rulers,
and judges, and all nations, kindreds, tongues and people under the whole
heaven, to come and help us to build a house to the name of the God of
Jacob, a place of peace, a city of rest, a habitation for the oppressed of
every clime, even for those that love their neighbor as they do themselves,
and who are willing to do as they would be done unto; and this we are
determined to do, and we will do, God being our helper; and we will help
every one that will help to sustain good and wholesome laws for the protec-
tion of virtue, and the punishment of vice.
The kingdom which we are establishing, is not of this world; but it is
the kingdom of the great God. It is the fruit of righteousness, of peace, of
salvation to every soul that will receive it, from Adam down to his latest
posterity. Our good will is towards all men, and we desire their salvation
in time and in eternity; and we will do them good so far as God will give us
the power and men will permit us the privilege, and we will harm no man;
13
162 BIOGRAPHY AND
but if men will rise up against the power of the Almighty to overthrow His
cause, let them know assuredly that they are running on the bosses of
Jehovah's buckler, and as God lives they will be overthrown.
Come, then, ye Saints; come, then, ye honorable men of the earth;
come, then, ye wise, ye learned, ye rich, ye noble, according to the riches,
and wisdom, and knowledge of the great Jehovah, from all nations, and
kindreds, and kingdoms, and tongues, and people, and dialects, oti the face
of the whole earth, and join the standard of Emanuel, and help us to build
up the Kingdom of God, and establish the principles of truth, life and sal-
vation, and you shall receive your reward among the sanctified, when the
Xiord Jesus Christ cometh to make up His jewels; and no power on earth
or in hell can prevail against you. * * * •
Come, then, ye Saints of Latter-day, and all ye great and small, wise
and foolish, rich and poor, noble and ignoble, exalted and persecuted, rulers
and ruled of the earth, who love virtue and hate vice, and help us to do this
work, which the Lord hath required at our hands, and inasmuch as the
glory of the latter house shall exceed that ol' the former, your reward shall
be an hundredfold, and your rest shall be glorious. Our universal motto is,
^^ Peace with Qod, and good loill to all Tnen."
in
The following we extract from a private letter written i
the Valley respecting their peace and prosperity:
All is stillness. No elections, no police reports, no murders, no wars
in our little world. How quiet, how still, how peaceful, how happy, how
free from excitement we live. Our old firelocks have not been rubbed up,
or our swords unsheathed because of any alarm. No policeman, or watch-
men of any kind have been on duty to guard us from external or internal
danger. The drum has beat, to be sure, but it was mingled with merry-
making, or its martial sound was rather to remind us that war had once
been known among the nations, than to arouse us to tread the martial and
measured step of those who muster for the war, or march to the battle field.
Oh, what a life we live! It is the dream of the poete actually fulfilled in
real life. Here we can cultivate the mind, renew the spirits, invigorate
the body, cheer the heart, and ennoble the soul of man. Here we can
cultivate every science and every art calculated to enlarge the mind, accom-
modate the body, or polish or adorn our race. And here we can receive
and extend that pure intelligence which is unmingled with the jargon of
mystic Babylon, and which will fit a man, after a long life of health and
usefulness, to enjoy the mansions of bliss, and the society of those who are
purified in the blood of the Lamb.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 163
Here no prisoners groan in solitary cells; no chains or fetters bind the
limbs of man; no slave exists to tremble, toil and sweat for nought, or fear
and crouch full low to please his fellow man. Here all are free to do right,
and are warned, and chastened and corrected if caught in doing wrong.
Here, too, we are all rich — there is no real poverty; all men have
access to the soil, the pasture, the timber, the water power, and all the
elements of wealth, without money or price.
In this peaceful country many thousand Saints have
already assembled. They have laid o it a city called "Great
Salt Lake City." In addition to their private dwellings, they
have raised several elegant and magnificent public buildings.
Many mills are in operation, and factories are also in course
of erection. Public institutions for education have been
established; one of these the State Legislature has endowed
with an annual sum of five thousand dollars for the term of
twenty years. Having come "up through great tribulation,"
they are not forgetful in their prosperity of their brethren
who are still in adversity, scattered among the nations.
Accordingly they have established a "Perpetual Emigrating
Fund," for the emigration of the poor. Many thousand
dollars have already been donated for this purpose. As the
gathering of Israel from every nation has been decreed by the
Lord, this fund has been so arranged as to be increased to
millions, by which the poor and virtuous among men can be
assisted, and with perfect assurance lift up their heads and
rejoice, for the hour of their deliverance is nigh!
In the same valley, and others adjacent, they are estab-
lishing other cities; while the country around is appropriated
to farming purposes. And thus "the wilderness, and the
solitary place shall be glad for them; and the desert shall
rejoice and blossom as the rose." Every thing necessary to
their comfort and refinement will continue to flow with the
tide of emigration. The wisdom and ingenuity of the indus-
trious will soon enable the sons and daughters of God to be
arrayed with the workmanship of their own hands.
164 BIOGRAPHY AND
Four hundred miles south of the Great Salt Lake City an
extensive settlement is being made. Likewise one on the
borders of the Pacific Ocean, near to the port of San Diego.
They have also organized a State government, called the
"State of Deseret," and have now their claims for admission
into the Federal union before the Congress of the United
States.
That the reader may understand how this people are
viewed by the public at large, we subjoin the following extract
from an American newspaper:
We wish to call the reader's attention to the new and most extraordi-
nary condition of the Saints. Several thousand of them have found a resting
place in the most remarkable spot on the North American continent. Since
the children of Israel wandered through the wilderness, or the Crusaders
rushed on Palestine, there has been nothing so historically singular as the
emigration and recent settlement of the Saints. Thousands of them came
from the Manchesters and Sheffields of England to join other thousands
congregated from western New York and New England — boasted descend-
ants of the Pilgrim Fathei-s — together, to establish a colony in the west.
Having a Temple amid the churches and schools of Lake County, Ohio,
and driven from it by popular opinion, they build the Nauvoo of Illinois,
^t becomes a great town; twenty thousand people flock to it. They are
again assaulted by popular persecution; their Prophet murdered; their town
•depopulated; and, finally, their Temple burned. Does all this persecution
>to which they have been subjected destroy them? Not at all. Seven
"thousand are now settled in flourishing circumstances on the plateau sum-
mit of the North American continent. Thousands more are about to join
them from Iowa, and tb.ousauds more are coming from Wales. The
spectacle is most singular, and this is one of the singular episodes of the
great drama of this age. The spot on which the Saints are now settled is
geographically one of the most interesting in the western world. — Cincin-
nati Atlas.
In concluding this brief history of the temporal situation
of the Saints, we feel peculiar pleasure in being able to leave
them in such prosperous circumstances. The wisdom, cun-
ning and powers of men have been exerted to stay the
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 165
progress of truth and destroy the union of the Saints, but
their efforts have only been a melancholy exhibition of their
own folly and wickedness, and produced the opposite of their
intention. By this practical lesson may all people learn that
the purposes of God cannot be overthrown.
Now "the Lord shall comfort Zion, He will comfort her
waste places, and He will make her wilderness like Eden and
her desert like the garden of the Lord; joy and gladness shall
be found therein, thanksgiving and the voice of melody."
Isaiah li: 3. For He hath said: "Arise, shine, for thy light is
come, and the glory of the* Lord is risen upon thee; for,
behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness
the people; but the Lord shall rise upon thee, and His glory
shall be seen upon thee, and the Gentiles shall come to thy
light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising." Ix: 1 — 3,
As we have traced the history of the body of the Church,
we will now very briefly glance at the labors of the Elders
during the same period.
We have already observed that those whom God called
to publish His Gospel, were not the mighty of the earth —
according to the wisdom and learning of the world; but they
were honest and pure in heart. Men who "counted all things
but loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ;" and
to spread abroad this knowledge they made every possible
sacrifice. They willingly set aside every worldly interest, the
comforts of home and friends, and went forth preaching
every where they had opportunity. Whithersoever they
went, the Lord confirmed their testimony by His Spirit;
thereby thousands were led to forsake their false and discord-
ant religions and become obedient unto the Gospel. By
repenting of their sins at the command of God, and being
baptized by His servants, who had received a delegation of
authority from heaven, they received the remission of their
sins and the gift of the Holy Ghost, which enabled them to
know for themselves it was the work of God.
166 BIOGRAPHY AND
As the Lord does not hire but commands men to do His
work, He required them to go forth without purse and scrip,
and try the world. In accomplishing this work, great indeed
were the privations they had to endure. Though many
received their message with joy, and gladly obeyed its require-
ments, many -opposed and persecuted. Those "whose craft
was in danger," were most bitter in their opposition; but all
their efiforts to stop the progress of truth only accelerated its
speed. "So mightily grew the word of God, and prevailed,"
that in a few years churches were established in the principal
towns and cities of the United States and in the Canadas.
In the year 1837, a few of the Twelve Apostles, and other
Elders, in obedience to the command of God, left their native
land to introduce the Gospel in Great Britain. At first a few
meeting houses were opened for their use; but shortly after-
wards, all were shut against them; nevertheless they per-
severed, and the Lord crowned their labors with success. As
it was in America, so in England, some rejoiced in the restora-
tion of the ancient Gospel, while others mocked, derided and
persecuted. Since its introduction, it has spread into every
county in England and Wales; and through Scotland, Ireland
and the islands of the British Channel. Churches are estab-
lished in the principal towns and cities, and in many of the
surrounding villages of those countries, so that at present
there are between forty and fifty thousand Saints in Her
Britannic Majesty's dominions. Favorable accounts have
also been received of the spread of truth in France, Denmark,
Australia and the East Indies. In the islands of the Pacific
Ocean, three thousand souls have been turned from their
idolatrous and superstitious worship, and become obedient to
the light of the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ.
While this unparalleled work has been performed, the
Twelve have ever been foremost in introducing the Gospel in
foreign lands; bearing the burden and heat of the day; and
while the Saints are comfortably situated in the Valley, in
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 167
the enjoyment of the blessings of heaven and earth, they are
far from their families, traveling on both continents. Wherever
th€y have gone the word has been established in power, and
in the Holy Ghost, and in much assurance; and through faith
and supplication the sick and afflicted have been restored,
the lame have been made to walk, the deaf to hear, the dumb
to speak and the blind to see. The knowledge of these things
is possessed by the Saints, as they are of frequent occurrence.
For bearing testimony of them they have suffered the perse-
cution we have related; and while it ever remains a witness
against the wicked, it is an imperishable monument of the
worthiness of God's people to inherit that crown of life which
fadeth not away, eternal in the heavens.
While the word has been so extensively preached, it has
also been widely published by the press. Many thousand
copies of the Book of Mormon and Book of Doctrine and
Covenants have been published in America and Great Britain.
Besides those standard works, many other lesser works of
great importance have also been published, and many
thousand copies of pamphlets and replies to objectors in both
countries. During the residence of the Saints in Ohio and
Missouri, they issued two periodicals, called the Messenger
and Advocate, and Evening and Morning Star. In Illinois they
had other two periodicals, called the Times and Seasons, and
Nauvoo Neighbor. In the cities of New York and Philadel-
phia, where large and influential churches were established,
they published two otliers, called The Prophet, and Gospel
Reflector. Those papers and periodicals obtained extensive
circulation, through which the word of God was strenuously
advocated. In 1840, a periodical entitled The Latter-day
Saints' Millennial Star, was commenced in England, and is
now published at Liverpool, having obtained a weekly circu-
lation of upwards of twenty-three thousand copies. In Wales
they have established a publication called Zion^s Trumpet.
On the western frontier of the United States, there is a large
168 BIOGRAPHY AND
newspaper published, called the Ft'ontier Guardian. Those
papers are conducted by the Elders with great ability, and
much good has been effected through their instrumentality.
Thus, in the short space of twenty years, a work has been
accomplished without a parallel in the world's history. A
work which has been tested on every side; it has been the
object of misrepresentation in every part of the world; it has
been opposed by the most talented theologians; it has over-
come difficulties the most appalling; it has passed through
trials the most fiery, and, like gold issuing from the furnace,
has shone brighter and brighter; and while it has surmounted
every obstacle, it has not only shown that "truth is mighty
and will prevail," but has also shown that it has been sus-
tained by One whose arm is omnipotent, and whose word shall
be fulfilled and work accomplished though earth and hell
oppose.
CHAPTER XXIII.
Explanatory note. — Lorenzo writes to Elder Hyde. — Brightness of natural
scenery. — Spiritual darkness. — A courageous minister. — Inscription
attached to his portrait. — Hymn. — Drudgery.— Expression of gratitude. —
A dream. — First Native ordained to preach. — Ordains Elders Woodard
and Stenhouse to the High Priesthood.— The former to preside in Italy,
the latter in Switzerland. — A Magnificent view. — Reflections.
T will be understood by the following letter that Brother
Lorenzo was on his way to England. He had left
Elder Woodard in charge of the mission in Italy.
This he was under the necessity of doing, in order to superin-
tend the translation and publication of the Book of Mormon
in the Italian language. During the progress of this very
important work, whenever opportunities presented in which
he could, with propriety, absent himself from the translating
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 169
room and the press, he traveled among the churches, attend-
ing Conferences and visiting the Saints in England, Scotland,
Ireland and Wales. This explains the reason why communi-
cations were subsequently addressed to him from Italy and
Switzerland.
Turin, Italy, 25th January, 1851.
Dear PresideMt Hyde:
After a residence of seven months in Italy, I am about to
bid it farewell for a season. If the attractions of physical
nature could command all of my attention, I might long
linger to gaze upon these realms of loveliness. One might
travel far over the earth before he finds a fairer clime. Here
man dwells beneath an almost cloudless sky. The sun rarely
hides his face in summer or winter; and when, at eventide,
his golden glories fade behind the western hills, the silver stars
shed a serene lustre over the blue vault of immensity. But
the remembrance of the moral scenery amid which I have
been moving will be more imperishably engraven on my
spirit than all the brightness of the firmament, or the verdure
of prairies enameled with ten thousand flowers. Amid the
loveliness of nature, I found the soul of man like a wilderness.
From the palace of the king to the lone cottage on the moun-
tains, all was shrouded in spiritual darkness. Protestant and
Papist looked upon each other as outcasts from the hopes of
eternity, but regarded themselves as the favorites of heaven.
And thus they had done from time immemorial.
The changing, ephemeral sectarianism of England and
America, is in many respects unlike the sturdy superstition of
this country. Here, Protestantism is not the offspring of
boasted modern reformation; but may fairly dispute with
Rome as to which is the oldest in apostasy. Every man holds
a creed which has been transmitted from sire to son for a
thousand years, whether he be Protestant or Catholic; and
often he will lay his hand on his heart, and swear by the faith
170 BIOGRAPHY AND
of his forefathers, that he will live and die as they have lived
and died.
The Protestants form a very small minority. They have
been harrassed for centuries by fierce attacks from powerful
armies of Catholics. But after sanguinary persecutions, they
have revived as the corn, and grown as the vine. Once, their
last remnant was driven to Switzerland; but a courageous
minister, assuming a military character, led them back
victoriously to their native valleys. The portrait of this hero
bears the following inscription:
I preach and fight — I have a double commission, and these two con-
tests occupy my soul. Zion is now to be rebuilt, and the sword is needed
as well as the trowel. ,
The English government has several times interfered in
their behalf, and large donations have been sent to them from
various Protestant countries. Many a tribute of admiration
has been paid them by men of ability from the leading sects
of Protestantism, till their church has been flattered into
immeasurable self-importance.
The following hymn expresses the feelings engendered by
their romantic situation:
For the strength of the hills we bless Thee,
Our God, our fathers' God:
Thou hast made Thy children mighty
By the touch of the mountain sod.
Thou hast fixed our ark of refuge,
Where the spoiler's foot ne'er trod;
For the strength of the hills we bless Tliee,
Our God, our fathers' God.
We are watchers of a beacon,
Whose light must never die:
We are guardians of an altar,
'Midst the silence of the sky.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY, 171
The rocks yield founts of courage,
Struck forth as by Thy rod;
For the strength of the hills we bless Thee,
Our God, our fathera' God.
For the dark, resounding caverns,
Where Tliy still, small voice is heard —
For the strong, tall pine of the forests,
That by Thy breath is stirred;
For the storm, on whose free pinions
Thy Spirit walks abroad;
For the strength of the hills we bless Thee,
Our God, our fixthers' God.
For the shadow of Thy presence
'Round our camp of rock outspread;
For the stern defiles of battle, .
Bearing record of our dead:
For the snows and for the torrents,
For the free heart's burial sod:
For the strength of the hills we bless Thee,
Our God, our fathers' God.
Their self-esteem, combined with deep ignorance, present
a formidable barrier to the progress of the Gospel. They
have had so little intercourse with other parts of the earth —
so little knowledge of anything beyond their own scenes of
pastoral life, that it is difficult for them to contemplate the
great principles of temporal and eternal salvation.
One long round of almost unremitting toil is the portion
of both sexes. The woman who is venerable with gray hairs
is seen laden with wood, or heavy baskets of manure, while
traveling the rugged paths of the mountains. No drudgery
here but must be shared by the delicate female frame. I have
traveled far over the earth, from the confines of the torrid
zone to the regions of eternal snow, but never before beheld
a people with so many physical and mental derangements.
But the hour of their deliverance draws nigh.
172 BIOGRAPHY AND
The constitution of this kingdom affords no guarantee
that we shall ever enjoy the same religious privileges as . our
brethren in England and other countries.
A merciful Providence has hitherto preserved us from
being entangled in the meshes of the law. A bookseller told
me, the other day, that he was not allowed to sell a Bible. No
work is permitted to be published that attacks the principles
of Catholicism. I look with wonder upon the road in which
the Lord has led me since I came to this land. From the
first day I trod the Italian soil, there has been a chain of cir-
cumstances, which has not sprung by chance, but from the
wise arrangements of Him who ruleth in the kingdoms of
men. I thank my Heavenly Father that I was restrained
from any attempt to hurry the great work with which I was
entrusted. All the jealous policy of Italy has been hushed
into repose by the comparative silence of our operations; and
at the same time, no principle has been compromised —
no concession has been made, but, from day to day, we have
been constantly engaged, forming some new acquaintances, or
breaking down some ancient barrier of prejudice.
Such moderation was not agreeable to me as a man, but I
look forward to the day when the stability and grandeur of
our building will be an ample reward for those months of labor
which may not have been attended with anything extraor-
dinary in the eyes of those who judge merely by the external
appearance of the moment.
Here I may relate a dream, which, though simple in
itself, presented a theme for meditation under our peculiar
circumstances. I thought I was in company with some friends,
descending a gentle slope of beautiful green, till we came to
the bank of a large body of water. Here were two skiffs; and
as I embarked in one, my friends followed in the other. We
moved slowly over this widespreading bay, without wind or
any exertion on our part. As we were on a fishing excursion,
we were delighted with seeing large and beautiful fish on the
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 178
surface of the water, all around, to a great distance. We saw
many persons spreading their nets and lines, but they all
seemed to be stationary, whereas we were in continual motion.
While passing one of them, I discovered that a fish had got
upon my book, and I thought that it might perhaps disturb
this man's feelings to have it caught, as it were, out of his
hands, nevertheless, we moved along, and came to the shore.
I then drew in my line, and was not a little surprised and
mortified at the smallness of my prize. I thought it very
strange, that among such a multitude of noble, superior look-
ing fish, I should have made so small a haul. But all my
disappointment vanished when I discovered that its qualities
were of a very extraordinary character.
While encircled by many persons of noble bearing and
considerable intelligence, a prospect seemed opening for the
employment of some among them, in the work of the minis-
try. But the Lord judgeth not as man judgeth. The first
native in these valleys that I ordained to preach the Gospel,
was one who swayed no extensive influence, and boasted no
great natural abilities; but he sought the Lord with fasting
and prayer; and the Spirit rested upon him mightily, showing
him in the dreams of night, the glorious reality of the work
with which he had become associated.
Feeling it wisdom to send Elder Stenhouse to Switzerland,
and to leave Elder Woodard in Italy, and knowing the for-
midable character of the difficulties with which they must
struggle, I resolved to bestow upon them such blessings as
they required in the discharge of their important duties; and
as there is power, knowledge and wisdom in the High Priest-
hood of God, I felt it to be in accordance with the mind of
the Spirit that they should be called to that office.
We have here no Temple — no building made by human
hands, but the mountains tower around us — far above all the
edifices which Protestants and Papists use in this country.
On Sunday, the twenty -fourth of November, we ascended
174 BIOGRAPHY AND
one of these eminences which seem to occupy a position
between earth and sky, and which, on a former occasion, we
had named "Mount Brigham." During our tedious ascent,
the sun shone forth in all its brightness; but in such parts as
were shaded, we found snow on the ground, and many a craggy
peak and rocky summit on every side, were white with the
snowy fleeces of winter.
Having reached the place we sought, we gazed with rap-
ture on the enchanting scenes of surrounding nature. Before
us was a plain so vast that it seemed as if immensity had
become visible. All was level in this ocean of space, and yet
no sameness appeared on its fertile bosom. Here towns and
cities were environed by the resources from which their
inhabitants had been fed for ages. Ancient and far-famed
Italy, the scene of our mission, was spread out like a vision
before our enchanted eyes. Light and shade produced their
effect in that magnificent picture, in a surprising degree; for
while the clouds flung their shadows on one part, another was
illuminated with the most brilliant sunlight as far as the eye
could reach.
But there was one hallowed reflection which threw all
around a brighter lustre than the noontide firmament: it was
in that place, two njonths before, that we organized the Church
of Jesus Christ in Italy. If we had stood upon a pavement
of gold and diamonds, it would not have produced an impres-
sion like the imperishable remembrance of that sacred scene.
Amid the sublime display of the Creator's works, we sung
the praises of His eternal name, and implored those gifts
which our circumstances required.
I then ordained Elder Woodard a High Priest, and asked
our Heavenly Father to give him wisdom and strength to
watch over the Church in Italy, whatever might be the scenes
through which it should have to pass; and that he might be
enabled to extend the work which I had commenced.
I also ordained Elder Stenhouse a High Priest, and
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 175
prayed that his way might be opened in Switzerland for carry-
ing forth the work of the Lord in that interesting country.
In a few days afterwards, Elder Stenhouse proceeded on his
mission.
O Italy ! Thou birthplace and burial ground of the
proud Cfesars — thou that swayed the sceptre of this mundane
creation — land of literature and arts, and once the centre of
the world's civilization. Who shall tell all the greatness
which breathes in the story of thy past? And who, 0 who
shall tell all the corruption which broods on thy bosom now?
Land of flowers and fruitfulness^ of the vine — the olive
and orange — all that blushes in beauty and charms with deli-
cacy, is spread o'er thy green fields, or grows in thy empire
garden; but thy children are deep in pollution, and spring
like thorns and thistles amid thy floral scenes of endless
enchantment. From the wave-swept shores of the Mediterra-
nean to the base of the bleak Alpine region, thy sunny plains
lie spread like a fairy realm.
Here reposes the dust of millions that were mighty in
ages gone by, and flooded the earth with the fame of their
deeds. Here are the fields that have been crimsoned with the
blood of royalty, and have become the grave of dynasties.
Poets who sung the praise of nations, and princes that
wielded the sceptre of power during many a crisis of the
world's history, are laid low beneath the dust of thy fields
and vineyards!
But is there nought here save the tomb of the past? O,
Italy! Hath an eternal winter followed the summer of thy
fame, and frosted the flowers of thy genius, and clouded the
sunbeams of thy glory? No: the future of thy story shall
outshine the past, and thy children shall yet be more
renowned than in the ages of old. Though the triple crown
of earth's proudest apostate shed a tinsel splendor over thy
boundless superstition. Truth shall yet be victorious amid thy
Babylonish regions. Where triumphant warriors were stained
176 BIOGRAPHY AND
with gore, and princes reigned in the pomp of tyranny, the
sure, though tardy working of the Gospel, now weaves a fairer
wreath, and will wear a brighter crown.
I see around me many an eye which will one day glisten
with delight at the tidings of eternal Truth — many a counte-
nance which will adorn the assemblies of the living God.
There is yet the blood of heaven's nobility within the hearts
of many amid thy sons and daughters; and sooner will that
blood stain the scaffold of martyrdom than dishonor the
manly spirits with which it is connected.
Geneva, 6th of February. I have reserved the closing of
my letter till my arrival in Geneva. As I took my departure
from Piedmont, much kindly feeling was manifested towards
me. I beheld, with no small degree of satisfaction, the work
of the Lord extending, and the lively efforts in operation for
the spread of the principles of truth. You may form some
idea of the difficulties which have beset my efforts to publish,
when I tell you that "The Voice of Joseph" is now circulat-
ing in Italy with a woodcut of a Catholic nun, anchor, lamp
and cross on the first page, and on the last Noah's ark, the
dove and the olive.
With this work, and "The Ancient Gospel Restored," in
my trunk, pockets and hat, I crossed the Alps in the midst of
a snow storm, scarcely knowing whether I was dead or alive.
It is one thing to read of traveling over the backbone of
Europe in the depth of winter, but doing it is quite different.
Since my arrival in the far-famed city of Calvin, I have
had several interviews with intelligent Swiss gentlemen, who
have, through the efforts of Elder Stenhouse and the circula-
tion of my works, become much interested, and promise fair
to give a good investigation.
In consequence of so much difficulty and vexation in
getting out publications in Italy, I feel unwilling to draw
many books from that quarter; therefore, I feel it my duty to
make arrangements to get a second edition of both work
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 177
published here. I am pleased with the prospect of establish-
ing the Gospel in Geneva. I feel free and in a free atmos-
phere, and to prophesy good of Switzerland.
Yours affectionately,
Lorenzo Snow.
To President Orson Hyde, "
Kanesville, Iowa Territory, North America.
CHAPTER XXIV.
Note by Editor. — Elder Woodard writes. — More Baptisms in Italy. — A
singular scene. — A successful experiment. — Ten baptized. — Expressions
from converts. — The Millennial Star speaks. — Encouraging reports. —
Letter from Elder Woodard. — Extract from Elder Stenhouse's letter. —
Opposition re-acts. — Good results.
T will be recollected that, although Italy was the head-
quarters and prominent point of Lorenzo's mission, it
extended indefinitely to all countries and peoples wher-
ever wisdom dictated and opportunity presented. While the
work was going on in Italy, under the wise management of
Elder Woodard, Elder Stenhouse was laboring under
Lorenzo's direction in Switzerland.
LaTour, Vallie de Luzerne, Piedmont, Italy,
February 26, 1851.
Dear President Snoic:
I am happy to inform you that the brethren and sisters
in Italy are all well, and send their salutations to you, with
the request that you will also salute the churches iii England
for them.
On the twenty-fourth of February, two young men pre-
sented themselves for baptism. It rained and snowed amain,
178 BIOGRAPHY AND
and the atmosphere was so dense that we could not see dis-
tinctly a little way ahead. But as we descended towards the
Angrogua river, a singular scene was presented: the clouds
were suddenly rent asunder, as if they had been a sheet of
paper, and the side of Mount Brigham was visible, in a
moment, from the top to the bottom.
I exclaimed, "The veil over Italy has burst," and yet, at
the instant, I knew not what I was saying. I stood paralyzed
with the magnificent views which opened on every side; then
with a prayer to Israel's God, we entered the stream.
In the evening a congregation assembled, and I com-
menced preaching; but the devil entered into some who had
been resisting the truth, and I saw that he had got a firm hold,
and my words seemed to be wasted on the assembly, through
the presence of such a deadening and defiling influence. I
therefore stopped short, and sat down, after intimating that
everybody might go where they liked. By this means I got
rid of the chaff while the good grain remained. I then com-
menced preaching, and the power of God rested upon us.
Many a tear rolled down those weather-beaten faces. The
next day I baptized ten persons; they are not the rich and
the noble, but you shall judge them by their own language,
as they have each given me a line to send to their foreign
brethren. As follows:
1. May we meet when the earth is renovated.
2. Pray for a young sister who wishes to grow in grace.
3. Absent in body, but united in spirit.
4. Hallelujah, for the Lord has remembered His people.
5. If we do not meet in these bodies, may we embrace
each other in the resurrection. (This brother is sixty-two
years old.)
6. In the midst of weakness I hope for strength.
7. Pray for a poor brother.
8. May we be crowned with glory when the world is
judged.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 179
The other brothers and sisters send' the following: We
thank our Heavenly Father that we have begun to walk in
the pathway of a new and endless life.
One brother, who is a firm believer in the "Voice of
Joseph," I have advanced as an Elder. Five months ago he
was requested to take the office of Elder in the Waldensian
Church. This he refused.
Please address my letters as usual, but add "Fosie JRes-
tante." I do not see an opening at present, but I believe the
Lord will enable me to be independent of the hotel, and by
that means I shall know more as to the true character of the
inhabitants.
Remember me to Sister Woodard, and all friends whom
you see in your travels.
All kinds of calumny and petty persecution are brought
into use. The devil is not idle here, and sometimes he tells,
the truth.
Yours in the new and everlasting covenant,
Jabez WooDARn.
We now copy from the Millennial Star, under date of
March 15, 1851, as follows:
The French, Italian and Danish missions, we are happy
to state, are each of them moving forward with a degree of
prosperity which is truly cheering. Elders Taylor and L.
Snow arrived in Liverpool from their fields of labor, last
week, in good health and spirits.
Elder Lorenzo Snow has published two pamphlets in
Piedmont, Italy, which are being actively circulated by Elder
Woodard in that vicinity, and by Elder Stenhouse in Switzer-
land.
A spirit of inquiry is abroad to considerable extent. This
mission has been attended with much care and solicitude.
Many have felt that labors bestowed in that country would
prove futile and unavailing — that doctrines of present revela-
180 BIOGRAPHY AND
tion would not be able to obtain credence with that people.
But Elder Snow is resolute in his purpose of establishing the
Church of Jesus Christ in those countries, upon the most sub-
stantial basis — the rock of revelation. He is about to com-
mence the translation and publication of the Book of Mor-
mon in the Italian language immediately, with a view to push
it on vigorously until its completion.
Just in time for the present number of the Star, we are
favored, by Elder Lorenzo Snow, with the following soul-stir-
ring account of the work of the Lord in Italy, which will
cause the heart-strings of every Saint to vibrate with celestial
tones of praise and thanksgiving to Zion's God for His bless-
ings to His people in Piedmont.
"The veil over Italy has begun to burst — the Alpine
hills have commenced to reverbate the tidings of salvation,
the gift of the Holy Ghost, to those who have wandered long
in darkness, and the sound of their cheering congratulations,
in the new covenant of life, have reached our ears. They
speak like Saints. Their bosoms already burn with love and
fellowship towards their brethren in other lands. The aged
who has nearly numbered his threescore years and ten,
scarely expecting to meet his brethren generally, on earth,
hopes to embrace them in the resurrection, not far off; indeed,
the spirit of the Gospel seems to pervade their minds richly,
as their salutations fully bespeak, which also witness the
purity and faith of those who have sown this seed in their
hearts."
letter from elder jabez woodard.
Italy, May 9th, 1851.
Dear President Snoic:
I am still alive and able to climb mountains, if I cannot
move them. I have baptized one more since I wrote. This
makes twenty-one members, exclusive of those who are non-
resident, as Brother Toronto and yourself, and Brother Sten-
house.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 181
I have sent an Elder to baptize at Pignerol, and if he has
done his duty, he has at least baptized one. I have ordained
in all, two Elders, one Priest and one Teacher. I send these
details in case you may require statistics for the Conference.
We have had some thunderstorms lately. One that made
the mountains re-echo the other night — I shall not soon for-
get. When the rain came through the roof and dashed in big
drops upon my face as I lay in bed, I said to myself, "I am
not so bad off now as the brethren who have slept under the
hedge."
I am indeed rejoiced to hear that Elder Kelsey has got
such lads at work. I am looking forward to such days in
Italy.
You would have laughed the other day, to hear a dispute
as to who I was. One said that I claimed an origin in the
other world. Elder Malan, who was unknown to the parties,
said, perhaps I was an angel. A gentleman, however, assured
his friends that I was Joseph Smith. I came up at the end of
the discussion and endeavored to explain th^ origin of my
faith, and not the origin of myself, which I thought a little
too difficult for the occasion.
On Tuesday, the sixth of May, I descended with a
Teacher from the mountains, above the chapel of St. Lorenzo.
We rested for the night near the church of Angevagna. The
next morning we pursued our journey till mid-day, when we
arrived at the house of a brother. He had told his family
and friends that we were coming, although I had not told any
one that it was my intention to pass that way; but, said he,
"The Lord made it known to me last night in my sleep."
After prayer, and giving some teachings, we resumed our
journey, and for three long hours we scarcely saw anything
but the winding torrent and the barren mountains. We took
lodgings for the night in a cottage which actually hilfl glass in
the windows. We accounted this a miracle, for it is nearly a
month since I slept where there was a pane of glass.
182 BIOGRAPHY AND
The next morning, May 8th, the snow fell abundantly in
that elevated region, and I could not get warm till I got a
small congregation and warmed myself with preaching.
Two years ago, an avalanche fell here, and crushed a
house where there were eight persons. The youngest, an
infant of fourteen months, was unhurt; but the others were
all killed. Another avalanche killed eleven persons, as they
were returning from market.
One night a minister, with his whole family, was killed
in the same place. The wind blew his house over the preci-
pice, and the dog was the only living thing that escaped.
In this land of storms, I have commenced sowing the
good seed. May the Lord give an increase, and to His name
shall be the glory.
Yours affectionately,
Jabez Woodard.
The following extracts are from a letter published in the
Millennial Star-, addressed to Elder F. D. Richards (who was
at this time presiding over the British mission), written by
Elder Stenhouse when on a visit in England, dated May 17,
1851:
As the Italian mission, from the pen of my esteemed
President, and the recent communications from Elder Wood-
ard, is now before the public, I deem it superfluous to say one
word more on that mission. My heart is filled with gratitude
to my Heavenly Father for the great and manifold blessings
which have followed the organization of His Kingdom in that
country, through the wisdom of one of His chosen Twelve.
During my sojourn in Switzerland, I have been princi-
pally in Geneva, or what is called in religious circles, "Prot-
estant Rome." When it is remembered that in this city
John Calvin and other celebrated sectarians spent the best of
their lives, it will not be a matter of surprise if the doctrine
of new revelation be counted a strange thing. Since Elder
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 183
Snow visited, and left his blessing on the place, investigation
has increased day by day. His writings are spreading among
all classes. I may say, with confidence, there is not a min-
ister, Protestant, Catholic or Methodist of any shade or color
in Geneva, but is more or less acquainted with "Mormonism"
and Lorenzo Snow.
A few days before I left, I had the satisfaction of listen-
ing to the expose' of "Mormonism," by the Rev. Mr. Guers, a
Methodist. I felt so truly thankful for his kindness that I
could not refrain from testifying my gratitude by distributing
among his congregation Elder Snow's "Ancient Gospel
Restored," with a polite invitation to read still further on the
same subject.
At the close of this interesting meeting, another, more
select, was held, when about thirty persons, including seven
parsons, sat down to tea, that they might, over the social cup,
discuss the best means to prevent the spread of "Mormonism."
Through this expose' the eyes of my landlord were
opened to behold the work of God. In a few days afterwards
he sought baptism. The day I left Geneva, I ordained him
to the holy office of an Elder. This brother speaks the French
and German fluently.
In the Swiss cantons, French, German and Italian are
spoken. In the course of a little time, when Elders Taylor
and Snow will have ushered into the world the Book of Mor-
mon in those languages, I believe a great work will be done
in Switzerland to the honor and glory of Israel's God. A
German gentleman, who has been captivated with Elder
Snow's writings, has promised to put them in German as
soon as possible.
In concluding, I cannot but express the deep obligations
that I feel to President Snow for the paternal care which he
has shown to myself and fellow laborers.
184 BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER XXV.
Onward. — No bounds to Brother Snow's mission. — He looks towards India
and shapes his plans. — Writes to F. D. Richards. — Expresses his views. —
Brotlier Woodard writes from Italy. — Brother Stenhouse from Switzer-
land.— Lorenzo visits Wales. — Untimely plaudit. — A Bedlamite night
encounter. — Ultimate fate of the hotel and its Landlord.
4-
/|1^. N and still onward! Although Brother Snow felt that
thus far, through the blessings of God and the assist-
ance of the Saints in Europe, he had succeeded in his
efforts beyond his most sanguine anticipations, he knew there
was more to do. He realized that the brotherhood of human
origin circumscribes all the nations of the earth; that the
glad tidings of salvation must be proclaimed to all people;
that to his present mission the Priesthood of God had set no
bound, and where should he stop? Not on the continent of
Europe. He fixes his far-reaching gaze on the idolatrous
nations of the east, and with no common daring contem-
plates establishing a mission in India.
Prompt to the idea, his plan is soon shaped to introduce
the unadulterated doctrines of Jesus Christ on the Asiatic
continent. But this cannot be accomplished without means,
and from whence the means? His confidence in the over-
ruling hand of God, and in the liberality and zeal of the
Saints, was more to him than a bank investment, and, with
no disposition to confer with impediments, he moved for-
ward. The following letter, which I transcribe from the Star
of August 1, more fully explains the object he had in view:
Fresident F. D. Richards:
I take the present opportunity to communicate through
the Star a few items of information to the Saints generally in
reference to the progress of the Italian and Swiss missions,
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 185
and other matters connected with the growing interests of
Messiah's Kingdom.
Elder Stenhouse, with his wife and little daughter, will
leave here this week, to resume his labors in Switzerland. I
have nearly completed the translation of "Divine Authority,"
and given Elder Stenhouse instructions to publish it immedi-
ately, together with the second edition of the "Voice of
Joseph." We hope, ere long, to be able to issue a periodical from
Geneva, adapted to our readers both in Switzerland and Italy.
The mission in Italy still moves forward under the
cautious, prudent, faithful and persevering labors and man-
agement of Elder Woodard. The two publications which I
issued in Turin are now circulated quite extensively in the
north of Italy. Elder Toronto has returned from Sicily, and
is now laboring very successfully with Elder Woodard. Sev-
eral intelligent and influential Italians have lately been
ordained to the Priesthood, and are now engaged in propa-
gating the principles of life and salvation.
I am getting forward very well with the translation of the
Book of Mormon. I shall commence with the printing
shortly, and will soon be able to present it to the people of
Italy in their own language.
Lately my mind has been much impressed with the idea
of introducing the Gospel to India. I have counseled with
my brethren of the Twelve on. the subject, and we all feel
alike the importance of such a step, and the ultimate benefits
to the Kingdom of God. Upon the Twelve devolves the
responsibility of introducing the Gospel to the nations. As
the time approaches when we anticipate the privilege of
returning to the body of the Church, I feel reluctant indeed
to suffer any favorable opportunity to pass for opening the
door of the Gospel in India. Although the duties for Italy
and Switzerland, and long absence from my family, press with
weight upon me, I am nevertheless ready in the name of the
Lord to take upon me this work also.
186 BIOGRAPHY AND
I contemplate sending immediately around by sea to
Calcutta one or two good and faithful Elders, and follow on
myself as soon as I shall have completed the translation and
publication of the Book of Mormon. I intend passing through
by way of Switzerland and Italy, visiting the Saints in those
countries, and promoting the interests of those missions in
every way in my power.
Circumstances seem to be working favorably. A short
time since I met with a brother who had resided seven years
in India, and is conversant with the native language, and will
immediately enter upon the translation of some of my works,
which I intend getting published there, together with the
"Voice of Joseph," in English, soon after my arrival.
Brethren who have plenty of means, and wish to employ
them for the glory of God in the salvation of souls, I trust will
not be backward in liberality; that while I willingly and freely
sacrifice the pleasures and endearments of home and friends,
they may be equally ready and willing to devote their means,
and thus fulfil the Scriptures in making to themselves friends
with the "mammon of unrighteousness."
If any of the Saints have friends in that country, to
whom the brethren may be introduced, let them send unsealed
letters of recommendation, properly addressed, enclosed in an
envelope addressed to me, at 35 Jewin Street, London.
Yours affectionately,
Lorenzo Snow.
In order to keep the connection of the progress of the work
in Italy and Switzerland, I extract from a letter published in
the Star from Elder Woodard, dated Italy, August 1, 1851,
and copy one from Elder Stenhouse:
Dear Brother Snoio:
A tract of forty-six pages has been issued against us in
Switzerland, and a plentiful supply has arrived here. It con-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 187
tains the "Spaulding story" and nothing else except the com-
mon cant of sectarianism and some quotations from "The
Voice of Joseph" and "The Only Way to be Saved," for which
I am very thankful. I am happy to say that we now muster
thirty-one members. I feel courage in the thought that you
have taken the Presidency of the Indian Empire, and that if
there be royal blood within my veins it will roll with renewed
vigor through every fibre of my frame, that with stimulated
energies I may carry out your counsel; and if I know what
honor, and friendship, and gratitude require at my hands, you
shall be in Italy at the same time you are in India, or else-
where. I confess that when I found you had laid upon me the
solemn charge to gather Israel from among these nations, I
felt the weight of the office, and at the same time new
courage and new patience. My ^'■es are not closed to the diffi-
culties of the situation, but I know where my strength lies. I
feel as if I must fast and pray for every one of these king-
doms separately; and I see that I must pass through many
strange scenes, but by the help of the Lord I hope to over-
come. I strive to acquire a knowledge of languages and
customs, laws and regulations. If it were possible, I would
wish to disburthen your mind of all future anxieties concern-
ing this mission.
I know by my own experience, something of what you
must have felt since the moment you were named for the
President of such a stupendous undertaking. What thoughts
have oft crowded your mind from morning to midnight!
What weariness by land and sea! And now a still loftier
enterprise engages your attention, or at least, one which gives
a wider sphere of action. But what can I say that will leave
your mind at rest concerning Italy?
Perhaps, now you are absent, it would ill become me to
boast of my goodness, still I hope I advance a little. If ever
a firm resolve has taken possession of my soul, it is now
engraven there, and registered in heaven, that by the grace of
188 BIOGRAPHY AND
God, I am determined to tread all things beneath my feet
that would militate against the accomplishment of the
glorious work in which I am engaged. Yes, I would like to
conquer, but not for myself alone. I would render unto you
that which is due from myself, and make thousands more to
feel that which they owe.
Elder Toronto joins with me in love to you and all the
Saints.
Yours aflFectionately,
Jabez Woodard.
Chez Mons. Dupraz, a La Servette, 429 Geneve,
August 26, 1851.
Dear President Snow: ^
Knowing your continued anxiety and interest over these
nations, I take a few minutes before retiring to rest, to say
how we have been and how we are.
Since I wrote you, I paid a visit to Signor Reta, the trans-
lator— he was happy to see me — inquired after your health,
and sent his compliments. I expect a visit from him in a day
or two. I hope to make a more intimate acquaintance with
him. I have had a violent cold, which confined me to bed
two days. After being restored, Sister Stenhouse was taken
badly, much the same as myself, but much worse. We are
now, thank the Lord, better. In the midst of all, we have
done our best.
Elder Roulet brought an intelligent man to see us, who
was connected with the Church where the lecture was deliv-
ered against us. We had several interesting conversations
with him; at length, on Friday night last, I baptized him.
Yesterday we held our Sunday meeting, at which he was con-
firmed. We prayed, read, talked and felt well. To-night he
brought his daughter to have some conversation. She has
gone home to reflect.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 189
To-day I have received a very interesting letter from the
brother I baptized at Lausanne. He says his wife wants to be
baptized, and several others feel interested in the historj'^ of
the Church, by reading our publications. I feel as if the
Lord had commenced to work among the people. I get
on with the language pretty well. I hope when you pass
through, we will be thrilled with your own voice in this lan-
guage.
Accept our united love.
As ever yours, very affectionately,
T. B. H. Stenhouse.
Now to Lorenzo's journal: In the autumn of 1851, I
visited some of the Welsh conferences, having received a very
kind invitation from Elder William Phillips, who then pre-
sided over that section. The visit afforded me inexpressible
satisfaction — the Saints in their national characteristic, warm-
hearted friendship, kindness and hospitality, extended to me
the warmest welcome; and also gave proof of the sincerity of
their feelings of liberality by prompt, gratuitous assistance
towards the interests of the great missionary work under my
supervision.
During my stay in Wales, I attended a number of very
interesting meetings. On the evening of the fourth of Novem-
ber, I addressed a very large assembly, convened in a hall in
Tredegar, in Monmouthshire. In the course of the meeting,
Elder J. S. Davies arose, unanticipated by me, and read a poem
composed by him, in which he alluded to my visit in Wales
as an Apostle, as a very remarkable and wonderful event. I
gave him full credit for his good motive and generous feel-
ings, but at the same time felt not a little annoyed that he
should have chosen such an unseasonable occasion — in the
presence of a large congregation, nine-tenths of which were
Gentiles, to read an article of that character.
At the close of the meeting, President Phillips and my-
190 BIOGRAPHY AND
self were conducted to a hotel, where, after supper, we were
shown to lodgings in an upper room. As we passed into the
bedchamber, while closing the door, I noticed that, owing to
some defect in the lock, it could not be fastened. We soon
retired to rest, then about 11 o'clock; thinking ourselves safe
from harm, we slept soundly, until probably about 2 o'clock
a.m., I was suddenly awakened by a savage looking fellow
standing close to my bedside, ordering me and my companion
to leave our bed forthwith or suffer the consequences; at the
same time using the most blasphemous language, and uttering
the most hideous oaths imaginable, while fiendishly striking
his huge fists in close proximity to my face. Two of his com-
rades, stout, fierce looking fellows, were standing by, evi-
dently prepared for an encounter. Brother Phillips was
soundly sleeping, and it was with some difficulty that I
awakened him sufficiently to comprehend our situation. Of
course, we could do but little towards defending ourselves
against a trio of ruffians, desperately bent on mishief ; and as
we afterwards learned, had been hired to mob us, and that the
landlord was secretly conniving with the actors in the hellish
raid.
In the contest, the light which one of them held, was by
some means, suddenly extinguished, which caused an alarm,
resulting in their retreat forthwith from the room; upon
which I suggested to Elder Phillips that we immediately do
our best to secure ourselves by barricading the door, for I felt
assured the insurgents would make another attack. We
placed a chair at the door, with the top directly under the
knob of the door lock, and there I assumed the responsibility
of holding it, while Brother Phillips performed the duty of
pressing his large and stately person against the door.
No sooner had these protective arrangements been com-
pleted, than the mobocrats, with considerable reinforcements,
came rushing forward to renew the attack. They persistently
endeavored to force the door open, but failing, they placed
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 191
themselves against it, Sampson like, but, owing to the position
of things inside, without avail; then, with a volley of oaths,
they commenced pounding and kicking the door, and con-
tinued until the noise and uproar was so great that the land-
lord did not dare any longer to ignore the situation, and
coming to our relief, he quelled the disturbance by requesting
the ruffians to retire.
Some years after the date of this occurrence, I was
informed that the hotel in which the foregoing disgraceful
scenes were enacted was being used as a common stable for
the accommodation of horses; and that the landlord had been
signally reduced to beggary, and was a vagabond upon the
earth.
CHAPTER XXVI.
Address to the Saints.— Kesponsibility of those holding the Priesthood. —
Eternal prospects. — The best policy in governing. — Priesthood to be
honored. — By benefiting others we benefit ourselves. — Must pass
through suffering. — Must be pure and humble. — Need patience. — Esti-
mation of F. D. Richards.— His wise policy. — Progress of the mission. —
Expression of gratitude. — The Editor speaks. — Lorenzo's courage and
faithfulness.
HE following is an address of my brother, to the Saints
in Great Britain, as he was about to leave England to
return to his mission:
Beloved Saints:
A short sojourn in this land has served to bind more
closely those feelings of interest which must ever be called
into action during an intimate acquaintance with the Saints.
As the period now approaches when, for other climes, I must
bid adieu to the kindly smiling faces and warm hearts of the
192 BIOGRAPHY AND
brethren in the British Isles, I can but express my deep and
heartfelt wishes for the prosperity and continued progress of
the work in this country, and the well-being and happiness of
all those who have the privilege of co-operating in the great
and glorious cause of spreading light and intelligence
amongst the children of men.
To my brethren in the Priesthood I beg to offer a few
words of counsel, instruction and exhortation. Upon you
rest high and sacred responsibilities, which relate not only to
the salvation of this generation, but of many past generations,
and many to come. The glorious ensign of Emanuel's King-
dom, once again established in the world, must be unfurled in
every nation, kingdom, and empire: the voice of warning —
the voice of the Bridegroom, ''Prepare ye, prepare ye the way
of the Lord," must be carried forth unto all people. You are
the ones whom the Lord has chosen for this purpose, even the
horn of Joseph, to "push the people together." Surely you
cannot be too anxiously, nor too industriously engaged, seek-
ing the best, the manner most useful to yourselves and
mankind, to magnify your holy and sacred offices.
It is the Priesthood that will give you character, renown,
wisdom, power, and authority, and build you up here below
among the children of men; and above, exalt you to peace
and happiness, to thrones and dominions, even through
countless eternities. This world, in its kingdoms and empires,
possesses, in some small degree, glory and greatness, faintly
shadowing forth what exists in regions above: but here, with
these, are associated little happiness and little durability.
The world we seek offers to its inhabitants unfading
glory, immortal renown, and dominions of continued increase,
where families grow into nations, nations into generations,
generations into worlds, worlds into universes: this is the path
of the Priesthood — the path of the Holy Ones. Well did
the Apostle say, "Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither
hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive the things
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 193
that God hath prepared for them that love Him, but God
hath revealed them unto us by His Spirit, for the Spirit
searcheth all things, yea, even the deep things of God."
Authoritative rule is not the proper code by which to
govern Saints, but rather seek to rule in the spirit of humility,
wisdom and goodness, teaching not so much by theory as by
practice. Though one teach with the eloquence of an angel,
one's good acts and good examples, constantly manifesting
whole-heartedness for the interests of the people, teach much
more effectively, if not more eloquently. Very few indeed
have enough moral courage to be strictly honest, faithful,
virtuous and honorable in all positions — those few will hold
the Priesthood and receive its fulness, but no others.
Purity, virtue, fidelity, and godliness must be sought
ambitiously, or the crown cannot be worn. Those principles
must be incorporated with ourselves — woven into our consti-
tutions— becoming a part of us, making us a centre, a foun-
tain of truth, of equity, justice, and mercy, of all that is good
and great: that from us may proceed the light, the life, the
power, and the law to direct, to govern and assist to save a
wandering world — acting as the sons of God, for and in
behalf of our Father in heaven. We expect, in the resurrec-
tion, to exercise the powers of our Priesthood — we can
exercise them only in proportion as we secure its righteous-
ness and perfection. These qualifications can be had only as
they are sought and obtained ; so that in the morning of the
resurrection we will possess those acquisitions only which we
secure in this world! Godliness cannot be conferred, but
must be acquired — a fact of which the religious world seem
strangely and lamentably unconscious.
Seek to benefit others, and others will seek to benefit you
— he that would be great, let him be good, studying the
interests of the whole — becoming the servant of all, whereby
he will secure to himself much of the wisdom and power of
God, and the love, esteem and veneration of His people.
15
194 BIOGRAPHY AND
The Elders must become persons of the highest responsi-
bility. The happiness of people, nations, and of generations^
will depend upon the right and faithful exercise of the
powers of their offices. If, in a lower sphere of action, they
fail to be trustworthy, who will depend upon them in the
higher? In view of the vast responsibilities to be placed
upon men in this high calling, they are in a measure left to
themselves, to act upon their agencies. If they pass onward
to the close of this probation, without being overthrown by
evil powers, keeping their spirits pure, and, through the
power of the Holy Ghost, educate themselves in those qualifi-
cations essential to such exaltations, in due time God will
elevate them to those positions.
In all your acts and conduct, ever have the consciousness
that you are now preparing and making yourselves a life to be
continued through eternities. Act upon no principle that you
would be ashamed or unwilling to act upon in heaven —
employ no means in the attainment of an object that au
enlightened conscience disapproves. When feelings and
passions excite you to action, let principles pure, honorable
and virtuous govern you. We are the children of God,
begotten in His likeness; therefore, brethren, "Let the same
mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesas, who, being in
the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with
God." The children of God were introduced into this world,
"not willingly subject to vanity," pains and sorrows, but to do
the will of the Father, and obtain a glory, a heavenly inherit-
ance, to become one with God. "And he that hath this hope
in him, puritieth himself even as God is pure."
We are here that we may be educated in a school of suf-
fering and trials, which school was necessary for Jesus, our
elder Brother, who, the Scriptures tell us, "was made perfect
through suffering." It is necessary that we suffer in all
things, that we may be qualified and worthy to rule, and
govern all things, even as our Father in heaven, and His
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 195
eldest Son, Jesus. God has revealed to us the mystery which
all the world seek after, but fail of obtaining because of pride,
wickedness and the power of Satan darkening their minds,
viz: the path of salvation and the happiness of our being.
And now, where is the man among you, having once
burst the vail and gazed upon the purity, the might, majesty
and dominion of a perfected man, in celestial glory, will not
cheerfully resign mortal life — suffer most excruciating tortures
— let limb be torn from limb, sooner than resign or dishonor
his Priesthood. In truth did the Savior utter this parable:
"The Kingdom of Heaven is like unto a merchantman seek-
ing goodly pearls, and having found one of great price, went
and sold all he had to buy it." "And again, like unto a man
finding a treasure in a field, sold all he had and purchased
that field." The glory revealed to our view, and which we
seek, is tangible — it can be felt, seen and heard; but its
length, its breadth, its majesty, peace, joy and happiness,
surpass all understanding: tongue cannot express it — language
fails to portray the vastness of its extent.
To the Saints I would affectionately add: Your prospects,
in every respect, are the most encouraging. The Lord, who
fails not in His promises, has undertaken your deliverance,
spiritual and temporal, and you are witnesses of the accom-
plishment of the first. Your fetters of superstition and
priestcraft have burst asunder — the false and dark mantle of
tradition has been rent — you have been shown the Mother of
Harlots, and her daughters, in all their characteristic
ignorance, folly and filthiuess, and have hearkened to and
obeyed the voice, "Come out of her my people, that ye be not
partakers of her sins, that ye receive not of her plagues."
Your hearts, your thoughts and feelings are no longer asso-
ciated with those Babylonish schemes which bind thought and
reason, making it blasphemy for man to dare speak of the
nobility of his birth and the true being of his Father iu
heaven. You feel that you are delivered and restored to
196 BIOGRAPHY AND
reason, and to yourselves, under the government of but one
law — that which makes you free, even the law of glorious
Truth — the word and will of God, by whom we all are begotten
children of one great Parent; yea, in this that we are made
free, will we lift up the voice and make melody with thanks-
giving to our God, that He has listened to the cries of His
people, and sent forth His messengers with the fulness of the
Gospel, to redeem and save, and glorify His elect — make
them kings and priests unto God, in heaven and over earth,
that thereby He might bring to pass, in due time. His
good will and purposes respecting all the families of man-
kind.-
As the Lord has made you spiritually free, herein you
have assurance, also, of your temporal deliverance. However
great may be your poverty, how stupendous your difficulties,
it matters little, the word has gone forth in your favor, and
no opposing arm can staj'- its course. Zion must be established,
her lands inhabited, her cities built, her Temples reared, and
her sons become mighty; that she may rise "fair as the moon,
clear as the sun, arid terrible as an army with banners."
And all nations shall fear and tremble, and stand afar off in
the day of her majesty.
"But you have need of patience, that after you have done
the will of God, you may receive the promise," a caution
which should not be forgotten. Many of you may have
severe trials, that your faith may become more perfect, your
confidence be increased, and your knowledge of the powers of
heaven be augmented; and this before your redemption takes
place. If a stormy cloud sweep over the horizon of your
course in this land, as in America — if the cup of bitter
sorrow be presented and you be compelled to partake — if
Satan is let loose among you, with all his seductive powers and
cunning craftiness — if the strong arm of persecution is raised
against you, then, in that hour lift up your heads and rejoice
that you are accounted worthy to suffer with Jesus, the Saints
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 197
and Prophets of old; and know that the period of your
redemption approaches.
I feel, my brethren and sisters, to exhort you with heart-
felt expression. ' Be of good cheer — be not disheartened, for
surely the day rapidly approaches when your tears shall be
dried, your hearts comforted, and you shall reap the products
of your labors — sit under your fig tree and in the shade of
your vine unmolested, and no more feel the hand of tyranny.
You shall possess the riches and fat of the land, gold and
silver, fields and vineyards, flocks and herds, houses and pal-
aces; your sons shall grow up as plants of renown, your
daughters as polished stones, that you may boast yourselves
in all the glory of the Gentiles. And unto you, verily, shall
the Scripture be fulfilled, "Seek first the Kingdom of Heaven
and its righteousness, and all these things shall be added."
Be honest, be virtuous, be honorable, be meek and lowly,
courageous and bold. Cultivate simplicity, be like the Lord:
hold to the truth through fire and sword — torture and death.
Act honorably towards all men, for they are our brethren — a
part of the family of God, but are ignorant and blind, hav-
ing forgotten their God and their covenants with Him in eter-
nity. •
I feel to express, in the highest terms, my sanction and
approbation of F. D. Richards' presidency of the British
Isles. The wise, prudent, and proper spirit and manner in
which he has conducted the editorial department merits the
warmest meed of praise. The many interesting and useful
publications he has issued, together with the enlarged and
much improved edition of the hymns used by the Saints, in
addition to his other labors, furnish a true testimony of his
indefatigable zeal and enterprising spirit. The deep interest
he has taken in forwarding our foreign missions, has secured
to him not only the warmest thanks and feelings of gratitude
from us on whom is laid the heavy burdens and responsibili-
ties of those missions, but from thousands and tens of thous-
198 BIOGRAPHY AND
ands whose deliverance from sectarian bondage is now being
effected in all those extended fields of our foreign labors.
In the arrangement of conferences, much wisdom has
been displayed in selecting good and faithful men to preside
over them — men who will do well for the Saints generally,
thereby lightening and relieving the anxieties and responsi-
bilities of the Presidency as far as possible. My long
acquaintance with President Richards gives me the most
unqualified confidence in his wisdom, excellence of heart and
mind, ^nd entire devotion to the work and service of the
Lord, and faithfulness in his honorable position. His coun-
selors I know to be wise men, and men of God, and as such I
recommend them to the confidence and esteem of the
brethren.
Respecting the progress of those missions I ha\e under-
taken, the prospect in the future, and the field of labor I have
assigned to the various Elders, it may be gratifying to the
Saints to have the following particulars, that their faith and
prayers in behalf of them may ever be kept in lively exer-
cise. Elder Willis, whom I have appointed to take charge of
the Calcutta mission, is supposed to have about reached his
destination. Elder Findlay, late President of the Hull Con-
ference, is now on his way to the Bombay mission. Elder
Obray, late President of Sheerness, whom I have appointed to
Malta, is now prepared, and will soon set sail for that island.
Elder Stenhouse presides in Switzerland, and Elder Woodard
in Italy. The translation of the Book of Mormon into
Italian is about completed, parts are in the hands of the
printer, and will be ready for circulation in about two
months.
Having set in operation those missions, I turn my
thoughts to the far distant fields of labor I contemplate
shortly undertaking — a mission requiring ail my energies —
extending over nations, continents, islands, seas, oceans and
empires — encountering the freezing Alps, the burning sun of
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 199
the torrid zone, the clangers of the trackless waters, the pesti-
lential cholera, the miasma of various climes, together with
all the casualties of sea and land which must be encountered.
To aid and assist me in this enterprise, deeply do I feel
to call upon Israel's God, and for the prayers of my brethren,
for support and agency. To the service of the Lord I have
devoted my life. My all has been placed upon the altar of
sacrifice, that I may honor Him— do His will acceptably, and
spread the principles of life among the children of men.
When I reflect upon the past, and trace the hand of the
Lord marvelouSly opening ray way, and prospering me in
everything relative to these missions, beyond my highest
expectations, I feel doubly encouraged to press forward to the
future; language indeed fails to express the deep gratitude of
my heart for His blessings. Those brethren and sisters whose
liberality of soul and interest for the work of God have been
particularly manifested in these missions, to them I feel to
say, May the blessing of the Most High be poured out to them
with equal liberality, and when in after years they shall hear
the sweet sound of thousands of those nations shouting the
praises of the Almighty for the light of revelation, then will
their hearts also rejoice in the glad consciousness that they
had taken part in bringing to pass this glorious redemption.
I take my departure from here to Switzerland, thence to
Italy, to Malta, to Bombay, and from there to Calcutta; and
shall probably, after completing these missions, accomplish
the circumnavigation of the globe, by returning home by way
of San Francisco, San Diego and our newly established settle-
ments in the valleys of California.
Need I say how deeply I feel in all matters respecting my
own missions? Notwithstanding, this does not prevent me
taking the most lively interest in the welfare of the numerous
conferences of the Saints with whom I have formed an
acquaintance during my labors in the British Isles. To those,
and all in the bond of the Spirit, I would, with warmest feel-
200 BIOGRAPHY AND
ings, subscribe mj'self their brother in the New and Everlast-
ing Covenant, Lorenzo Snow.
Our missionary has now before him a very extensive
field in which to operate. What a vast weight of responsibil-
ities rest upon him — what a multitude linked together for
him to shoulder! Never was there a more extensive mission
projected, and few men, if any, have lived that were better
calculated to carry it into effect.
With a mind that comprehended the condition of the
millions of human beings, members of the great brotherhood
of mankind, and a sympathy which reaches out to their most
important needs — a soul wholly devoted to the great work of
salvation and exaltation of the generations past, present and
to come; and, above all, knowing that the Almighty had
called him to the work, his courage is commensurate to the
situation, and he never falters.
CHAPTER XXVII.
Editor's reflections.— Lorenzo writes to President Richards.— Completed
Translation of the Book of Mormon.— Visits Paris.— Pleasure of meeting
Saints. — Condition of the people, — Goes to Geneva. — Degradation of
woman. — Meets Elder Stenhouse. — Interesting meetings. — At Lausanne
—Professor Reta —Benefit of Elder Taylor's French publications.
*HERE are many passages in human life, wherein, by
close and careful observation and reflection — silently
watching the results of the course and doings of
others, we may learn by their experience. There are many
others which can only be learned by individual, personal
acquaintance. When contemplating the life of my brother
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 201
as a missionary abroad in stranger lands, unacquainted with
the manners and customs of the people, and ignorant of their
languages and dialects, with the responsibility of the salva-
tion of souls to whom he is sent resting upon him, in connec-
tion with the fulness of the Gospel of the' Son of God ^ com-
mitted unto him, it seems that he has to do with some of the
realities of life, of which no one can form a just conception
except in the school of experience.
It would seem that the most indifferent reader must feel
an interest in these gigantic movements of my brother — this
broad platform for missionary work — a parallel of which is
not to be found on record, either ancient or modern. An all-
absorbing devotion to the cause he was seeking to promote
must have possessed the soul and inspired the mind of
Lorenzo in generating this broad missionary platform, and a
corresponding self-abnegation must have reigned supremely
over all selfish, personal considerations. Let it be remem-
bered that at this time he had a home with all its endear-
ments, in the midst of the Saints of God gathered in the
Great American Desert, in the midst of the Rocky Mountains
of the West; and in that home a loving family, where he
knew that the little one ones were lisping his name, and daily
missing their loving father's knee; but with him all was laid
on the altar for the interests of the Kingdom of God and the
salvation of the souls of men.
, Paris, January 6, 1852.
Dear President Richards:
After a very boisterous and stormy passage over the
Channel, with its usual unpleasant accompaniments, I am
quietly and agreeably cloistered with Elder Bolton, together
with a number of interesting and intelligent Saints, and begin
to think that my homeward journey of some twenty-five or
thirty thousand miles is now commenced.
Before leaving London, I had completed the translation
202 BIOGRAPHY AND
of the Book of Mormon, and got the printing -forward to the
last hundred pages. Elder Joseph Richards, whom I
appointed to a mission to Calcutta, to assist Elder Willis, left
London a few days before my departure. I repose much con-
fidence in this brother, as one who will magnify his calling
and do much towards establishing the Gospel in that country.
I find it much more pleasant now coming to Paris than
formerly. When passing through a year and a half since,
here were no Saints to bid me welcome; on arriving the other
day, I found many, a circumstance you can well imagine
causing no small degree of rejoicing. I found Brother Bolton
quite an invalid; he is now much better. When the interests
of his mission will admit of a short absence, I dare say that
a visit to the cheerful, warm-hearted Saints of Old England
would replenish his spirits, and not be in any way a disadvan-
tage. The Church here does not boast of a multitude of sub-
jects, but it may truthfully be said to embrace the good, the
virtuous and intelligent.
Elder Taylor may comfort his heart with the assurance
of having laid a lasting foundation for the spread of the Gos-
pel in the French dominions, though no sea room is left at
present; in fact, I know of no place the Gospel has been car-
ried, where the difficulties are more perplexing and discour-
aging. However, the time will come when the Gospel will
take permanent effect in France.
I am much pleased with the acquaintance I have formed
with the Saints here; I feel that they will accomplish great
good. I think Elder Bolton intends making another applica-
tion to the Government for the privilege of preaching the
Gospel with equal liberty with other denominations^— a course
which I much approve.
I need not speak of the political condition of the country,
it is well known to all who read the English papers. In pass-
ing over the country, and searching the mind of the Spirit in
reference to its inhabitants, my heart is pained in contemplat-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 203
ing the dark, dreary and bloody fate and scourge that await
this nation. The life's blood of many people is scarcely
wiped from the streets, the groans of the dying hardly ceased,
the flowing tears of the widow and orphans are still seen. As
you look around and view the troubled mien — the dark and
stormy brows of thousands — behold the significant signs,
notice the low whispering and stealthy conversations, and
hear of the sudden and mysterious changes that are con-
stantly taking place through the various channels of political
power, you are forced to feel that again must be renewed
scenes of alarm, of sorrow, of grief and of blood! Would
"the powers that be" but permit the message of life to go
forth freely among the inhabitants, there would be hope that
the cup of bitterness might, for a season, be turned away.
I now have my passport "vise," and have just secured
my place in the diligence for Switzerland. Good bye; you
shall hear from me again as I get a little further advanced in
the path of my orbit. May the Lord bless you with all that
is good to fill your heart with rejoicing, and may the same
blessing descend upon all the faithful Saints.
Geneva, February 7. Bidding adieu to the brethren in
Paris, on the morning of the 27th of January, I stepped into
a diligence, and was soon on my way to Switzerland. The
country over which I passed the first two hundred miles
seemed, though in the midst of winter, to wear the appear-
ance of an American spring. France is un beau fays; one
could scarcely wish to live in a more delightful climate, or a
more beautiful and charming country. Everywhere people
were seen in pasture and ploughed fields, meadows and vine-
yards, busily occupied preparing for approaching spring.
What appeared a dark spot in this otherwise beautiful scenery,
was the number of poor women slavishly engaged in manual
labor, and exposed to all 'the hardships of out-door occupa-
tions.
Small towns and villages dotted the face of the country,
204 BIOGKAPHY AND
the foundations of which appeared in ahnost every instance
to be that of some religious Catholic edifice. It would seem
that in building these towns the churches were first erected,
then private dwellings piled around, one after another, as the
inhabitants arrived. As we approached Switzerland, the
country was more and more broken, till we began to wind up
and descend down the rugged, snow-covered steeps of the Jura.
About midnight of the 28th I reached Geneva, where I
had the happiness of meeting Elder Stenhouse, whom I found
with several of the Swiss Saints waiting to welcome my
arrival. I accompanied Elder Stenhouse to his lodgings,
where I had the gratification of sitting down to an excellent
supper, prepared by Sister Stenhouse with an eye single to the
probable condition of my appetite at the completion of a
fatiguing journey over the mountains.
The following evening we had a very interesting meeting
with the Saints, at which several strangers were present.
Elder Stenhouse addressed the meeting in French with great
fluency, and several brethren gave their testimony relative to
their knowledge of the work of the Lord, and their joy and
consolation in the principles of salvation.
In moving the work forward here, much the same course
has to be adopted as at our commencement in London, /. e.,
by forming acquaintances through one to another, and per-
suading one here and another there to attend our re-unions.
The people feel that they ,have had so many new and false
coins passed among them, that it is of little use to search for
or anticipate anything that is genuine; nevertheless, patience
and perseverance will, in time, overcome all these difficulties,
and the power of truth will triumph through the length and
breadth of Switzerland, unto the redemption of the wise and
virtuous.
Our little family of Saints here now numbers twenty.
Having no acquaintance with the language, and being a
stranger to the manners and customs of the people, and hav-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 205
ing no friend to introduce him to the favor and confidence of
any one, Elder Stenhouse, as can readily be imagined, has
had to encounter difficulties insurmountable to any but those
who have the most perfect consciousness of the truth and life-
giving power and spirit of the cause in which they are
engaged. Through the blessing of the Lord these difficulties
are being fast overcome, and I have great confidence that the
work will now roll on with accelerated speed. The Saints are
full of life and energy, and embrace every opportunity to
make known the doctrines of our Church; several of them are
persons of education and influence in society. I expect that
much good will shortly result from their united labors and
testimonies.
After having passed a few days very agreeably and profit-
ably at Geneva, I left, accompanied by Brother and Sister
Stenhouse, to visit the Saints in the Canton de Vaud. We
were favored with beautiful weather, which made our steam-
boat excursion on the the clear lake of Geneva very agreeable.
Switzerland has a world-wide fame for beautiful scenery;
though the winter season is not the most favorable for land-
scape varieties, we were much pleased with the general beauty
of the country. The many fine villas and chateaux, sur-
rounded with gardens and vineyards, that besprinkle the
gently rising banks on one side of the lake, formed a beautiful
contrast with Mont Blanc and the lofty, snow-capped moun-
tains on the other. Though the works, wonders and beauties
of nature prompted our minds to contemplation, and raised
their springs of gratitude to the good and wise Preserver of
ail, yet there was a still higher theme for contemplation, a
still greater incentive to gratitude — the work of the Lord.
We arrived at Lausanne, an ancient town romantically
situated upon the banks of this beautiful lake, and spent a
few days very pleasantly with the Saints, the fruits of Elder
Stenhouse's labors. We held meetings every night during our
stay, and enjoyed much of the Spiiit and power of the Lord.
206 BIOGRAPHY AND
Since ray arrival here I have had a pleasant visit from Pro-
fessor Reta, an Italian gentleman of literary talent and
celebrity, who has published some important works in the
Italian language, as well .as having edited several of the first
journals in Italy. I presented him the four hundred pages of
the Book of Mormon that I had with me, which he pro-
nounced "a correct and admirable translation, and in a very
appropriate style of language."
I acknowledge with pleasure the benefits we are deriving
from Elder Taylor's French publications, which, together
with my own, we endeavor to circulate as widely as possible.
My visit here has been a great blessing to me, and I humbly
trust it will result in lasting and important benefit to the
interests of the work generally.
In a few days I leave for Italy. The gigantic Alps lie in
my route, rearing their snow-capped heads high amid the
clouds; I trust, however, they will prove no positive barrier,
as passing over them last January in a severe snow storm has
given me some experience and confidence in encountering
such formidable obstacles.
Brother Stenhouse joins me in kind love to yourself and
your brother Samuel.
Yours very affectionately,
Lorenzo Snow.
AUTOBIOGRA.PHY. 207
T
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Editor's note. — Lortnzo writes. — Leaves Geneva. — Over the hills.— Over the
Alps.— A heavy snow storm. — Only two passengers in the coach. — Ten
horses barely sufficient, — "Houses of Recovery" erected by the govern-
ment for lost travelers. — Reaches Turin. — Meets Elders Woodard and
'Joronto. — Interesting "re-union." — Visions. — Healing.*!. — Condition of
Italy. — Brother Woodard's course commendable. — The Waldenses.
(ITH all due respect to whatever romantic enthusiasm
a lively imagination may clothe "over the Alps" in
the dead of winter, it certainly must be anything but
a pleasure trip to those who encounter it. To say nothing of
the thrilling aspect and the hazardous adventure, the sudden
transition from llie heat of summer to the depth of winter is
calculated to produce a telling effect on the constitution of the
traveler. This my brother experienced for several subsequent
years.
Italy, February 18, 1852.
Dear President Hichards:
Bidding farewell to Brother and Sister Stenhouse and the
Swiss Saints, I left Geneva on the 9th inst. by rnalle poste,
and commenced winding my way over a rough, hilly and
mountainous country that formed a strange contrast with the
•beautiful, undulating pays of southern France. As we
approached the towering Alps, there came a heavy snow
storm, which made our journey very gloomy, dreary and
altogether disagreeable. About six o'clock in the evening of
the following day, we commenced the ascent of Mount
Cenis, and readied its cloudy summit, six thousand seven
hundred feet in height, at one o'clock the next morning.
Though but one passenger beside myself saw proper to
208 BIOGRAPHY AND
venture over the mountain, it was found that ten horses were
barely sufficient to carry us forward through the drifting
snow, which had fallen to nearly the depth of four feet since
the last post had passed, a circumstance that rendered it very
dangerous making our way up the narrow road and short
turnings. One stumble or the least unlucky toss of our
vehicle would, at very many points of our path, have plunged
us a thousand feet down rocky precipices.
It may be noticed to the credit of the government that
"houses of recovery" are now erected in the dangerous por-
tion of this route, for the preservation and benefit of travelers
that may lose their way or be caught in a storm, ^and their
progress hindered by the drifting snows. In going the dis-
tance of a half mile, six or eight of these benevolent build-
ings may be seen. We descended the mountain with much
more ease to our horses, and more comfort to ourselves; and
I felt thankful that my passage over these rocky steeps was
completed, and hoped it might never be my lot to cross them
a third time at night in the winter season; but regarding
these matters, we need seek to exercise no anxiety, inasmuch
as over them we hold no control.
On reaching Turin, I had the happiness of meeting
Elders .Woodard and Toronto, and the day following of pay-
ing a visit to the Saints in Angrogna.
I could see and feel that the brethren here had all been
baptized into the same Spirit. At a very interesting
"re-union," one sister said, "Mr. Snow, it is the first time I
see you with my bodily eyes, but the Lord gave me a mani-
festation a few weeks ago, in which I saw you as plain as I see
you now." Another bore testimony of an open vision which
she had a short time before. A brother also testified of
several cases of healing which had occurred in his own
family.
I feel to commend the course pursued by Elder Woodard,
whose operations have been directed by wisdom and prudence.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 209
Here a branch of the Church has been raised up under cir-
cumstances which would have paralyzed the efforts of any
one not in possession of the most unshaken confidence in the
power of the Lord. We published books at the risk of coming
in collision with the government. The Catholic priests called
on the ministers of state to prevent their sale; but in spite
of every obstacle, we have disposed of nearly all we printed.
We are not permitted to preach in public, and at every step
find ourselves far off from the religious liberty enjoyed in
England. But Italy is not silent under the shackles of
spiritual despotism. Many noble sentiments, and liberal
ideas, have been spread through the country by the speeches
of honest-hearted men in Parliament, who have called
loudly for religious freedom, and we trust they will not always
call in vain.
The mission, up to this time, has been necessarily carried
on in a narrow sphere, but more favorable openings now seem
to present themselves, and the Book of Mormon will lend its
powerful aid in building up the Church. After many
anxieties with regard to that work, it was no small pleasure
to find it welcomed by the Saints in Italy as a heavenly
treasure, and the translation so highly approved. Nor can I
express the delight which I experienced in gazing upon
Mount Brigham, on whose rocky brow we had organized
La Chiesa di Gesu Christo dei Santi degli Ultimi Gioni, in Italia.
The Waldenses were the first to receive the Gospel, but
by the press and the exertions of the Elders, it will be rolled
forth beyond their mountain regions. At this season they are
surrounded with snow from three to six feet deep, and in
many instances all communication is cut off between the
villages. Our labors in such countries will be eminently
blessed when we can have persons in the Priesthood who are
not under the same disadvantages and liabilities as foreign
Elders, and such are rising up here.
Elder John D. Malan, president of the branch, is a man
16
210 BIOGRAPHY AND
of God, and having labored faithfully under the counsel of
Elder Woodard, I think it wisdom that he should take charge
of the work here, while Elder Woodard opens the mission in
the seaport of Nice. Italian states are well known as being the
most hostile upon earth to the introduction of religious truth,
but as their subjects are in constant communication with
many countries that are washed by the Mediterranean, they
will have facilities for hearing the Gospel as we come into con-
nection with their maritime relations; and being acquainted
with all the languages around that central sea, the thousands
of Italians who perform business upon its waters will furnish
some faithful men to speed on the Kingdom of God, through
the south and east of Europe. At Nice we shall be able to
keep up connection with the Waldenses on one hand and the
Maltese on the other. Malta will be an important field of
labor, not only for Italy, but also for Greece, where, according
to ancient tradition, a branch of the House of Israel long
remained.
The Turkish and Russian empires may also be reached
through the same medium; and I hope to see the day when
the countries I have named will all be cut up into confer-
ences of Latter-day Saints. Brother Obray will join his
labors with those of Brother Woodard, for both Nice and
Malta, and for the extension of the mission into other parts of
Italy.
As soon as circumstances permit, I shall be moving for-
ward to other realms, and from whence my next communica-
tion will proceed, I cannot say; perhaps from Malta, or the
crumbling monuments of ruined Egypt, or the burning
climes of India.
Praying that the Lord may always be with you, granting
you His richest favors,
I remain, as ever, yours afifectionately,
Lorenzo Snow.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 211
k
CHAPTER XXIX.
Editor's Remarks. — Lorenzo writes from Malta. — Naples. — Across the Med-
iterranean — Detention. — Disappointed. — Makes virtue of necessity. —
Samuel succeeds his brother. — Lorenzo explains cause of detention. —
Revised edition of the "Voice of Joseph." — Prospects in Malta. — Michael
and Lucifer represented. — In Gibraltar. — Good news from India. —
Extracts. — Elder Willis writes. — One hundred and eighty-nine members,
— Ordained two Elders. — More Baptisms.
'HERE are tidal waves in the undulating stream of
human events, which, although they may not be obsta-
cles to anticipated results, frequently prove barriers to
the fulfilment of human expectations. One of these swept
suddenly over my brother's pathway.
Having set his face in the direction and while vigorously
urging his steps toward the far east, suddenly his course was
changed ; and, although his interest in the East was not dimin-
ished, duty pointed in the opposite direction, and the vista to
the far West, the home of the Saints, the gathering place of
Israel, opened brightly before him, and he moved forward.
Malta, March 10th, 1852.
Dear Franklin:
On mature consideration, while at Genoa, it seemed wis-
dom that Elder Woodard should accompany me to Malta, for
which place we took passage, on the twentieth of February, on
board the French steamer Telemaque. The following day we
arrived at Leghorn, and proceeding thence passed the island of
Elba, where Napoleon resided before his last return to France.
On reaching Civitta Vecchia in the Papal States, in conse-
quence of a severe storm, we were detained twenty-four hours.
Our next port was Naples, one of the largest cities of Italy,
212 BIOGRAPHY AND
and the seat of the NeapoHtan government, containing about
three hundred and sixty thousand inhabitants. Its celebrity
may be judged from the old proverb, "See Naples and die."
Upon entering the bay, the ever smoking brow of Mount
Vesuvius is seen on the right like a demon watching for the
destined hour when again he can pour forth desolation upon
the surrounding country.
Leaving Naples on the morning of the twenty-fourth, we
made our way, amid roaring winds and dashing waves,
towards Sicih^; but the following morning, as we approached
the harbor of Messina, a beautiful calm had succeeded — the
air was that of genial Spring, and the gently sloping hills
around the city were mantled with richest verdure. Passing
these straits, we steered across the Mediterranean, and on the
twenty-sixth reached the island of Malta.
On arriving here, and calling on Mr. Holton, the agent
for the Oriental Steam Compan}^ I found inyself obliged to
remain some weeks longer than I had expected, in consequence
of one of their steamers, on the Red Sea, breaking down, three
days out from Suez, and being compelled to return all her pas-
sengers, who were remaining at port waiting the next month's
boat, which would be so much crowded, having to take in
those arriving from Southampton, that no more could be
received under any consideration whatever.
Though at present disappointed in being able to move
forward, I feel that much good will result from the manner in
which the Lord may direct the employment of the time now
at my command, as I am surrounded by an interesting people,
and in a most important field of labor, where a great work
may be accomplished, extending to adjacent nations.
What will be precisely our mode of operation, as yet, we
scarcely have had time to determine, but shall endeavor to do
as prudence and wisdom may dictate, on becoming more
acquainted with the characteristic features of our position.
This is decidedly a Catholic country, to which belong all
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 213
the peculiar prejudices that anywhere appertain to that denom-
ination, heightened by the presence of the religious disunion
which always shows Protestantism to much disadvantage
whenever and wherever it makes its appearance.
Malta and two adjacent islands rise up amid the blue
waters of the Mediterranean farther distant from the main
land than any other upon the bosom of this inland sea. The
British forces took them from the French in 1800, and great
additions have since been made to their fortifications. The
population amounts to about one hundred and twenty-four
thousand, embracing English, French, Italians, Greeks, Ger-
mans, Turks, Moors, Spaniards, etc. The lion and unicorn
wave the banner of freedom over this little realm of Catholi-
cism, proposing liberty of speech and of press, in consideration
of which we are seeking a place for public services, and mak-
ing arrangements with a respectable printing establishment for
publishing such works as we shall judge most suitable.
I have sent for Elder Obray to come immediately, and
bring a good supply of books and pamphlets. The organiza-
tion of a branch of our Church here would loosen the spiritual
fetters of many nations, as the Maltese, in their commercial
relations, are spread along the shores of Europe, Asia and
Africa. Nearly all speak the Italian, and at the same time, by
the peculiarities of their native dialect, they make themselves
easily understood by those using the Arabic and Syriac, which
are exceedingly difficult for most other Europeans. Five
newspapers are published in Italian, two. in English, and two
others both in English and Italian.
Malta furnishes many objects of interest to the antiqua-
rian and the lovers of the curious. Among the number may
be noticed a small bay, where St. Paul was shipwrecked when
on his way to Rome, as related in the Acts of the Apostles.
There is also an extensive building, formerly occupied by the
Inquisition, and ' rings and hooks still remain in the walls
underground, where the unhappy victims were confined who
214 BIOGRAPHY AND
fell into the power of that fearful tribunal. In the Church of
the Inquisition is a magnificent picture, in which Martin
Luther is represented in hell, surrounded with flames, agoniz-
ing in fiery torments. Whether the artist, when taking the
picture, was on the spot, we are not informed.
At one corner of a street, in stone figures, may be seen
Lucifer, writhing under a severe flagellation by Michael, who,
with his feet placed triumphantly upon the neck, seems highly
pleased wdth the effects going on through the powerful blows
administered with his Herculean club. Many other striking
spectacles could be mentioned, but doubtless they would par-
take more of the ludicrous than the instructive.
I am now awaiting intelligence from Switzerland, Bom-
bay and Calcutta, upon the receipt of which, if I find any-
thing of 2)articular interest or importance, I will notice here-
after.
Yours affectionately,
Lorenzo Snow.
Samuel Richards succeeded his brother Franklin D. in the
Presidency of the British Isles, hence Brother Snow's next
letter is addressed as follows :
Malta, May 1, 1852.
Dear Brother Sannuel:
Supposing that your brother Franklin has taken his fare-
w^ell of Albion's shores, and is now upon the briny deep,
returning home to the Saints, allow me to do myself the pleas-
ure of addressing to you my communication, and that through
the Star the Saints generally of the British conferences may
have some knowledge of our circumstances and prospects.
My hindrances in London with the translation and publi-
cation of the Book of Mormon, and several weeks of unavoid-
able detention in this place, allow^ed me so little time to spend
in India, and roach home in time to meet the wishes of the
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 215
First Presidency, as expressed in their last epistle; in view also
of the various duties and labors that surrounding circum-
stances have unexpectedly pressed uj^on my attention, I have
judged it wisdom, for the present, to limit the sphere of my
ministerial labors, and employ the brief time at my disposal in
that way which, through the-blessing of the Lord, I trust will
tend to the interests of my eastern mission, and much more to
the advantage of other fields of labor, and more to the advance-
ment of the cause generall}^ among these nations. I am sorry
to disappoint the brethren in India, but trust I shall be able to
visit them at some period not long distant, when more time at
my command will enable me to compensate them for their dis-
appointment and doubly benefit the interests of the work in
those lands. In view of carrying forward with efficiency those
missions that have come under my direction, and to open the
road to the introduction of the Gospel into these Catholic
countries bordering upon the Mediterranean, we are arranging
all our publications, in respect to kind, matter, quality and
language. Our printer, who expresses much interest in the
prosperity of our cause, has just made arrangements to order
from England an apparatus for stereotyping, and we hope by
this means and other opportunities, ere long to supply
economically from this point, as a central book depot, Italy,
Spain, Switzerland, Bombay and Calcutta.
We have published another edition of "The Voice of
Joseph," which is revised from the Italian, and commenced to
send it abroad among the people, hoping much good may
result from its instrumentality. Also an edition of the
"Ancient Gospel Restored "(originally entitled "The Only Way
to be Saved"), in French, and another in Italian. This little
work is now published, and in a few days will be circulating
here in four diff'erent languages. The Elders in Bombay and
Calcutta will be supplied with publications from here, imme-
diately upon learning their address; also a little more
acquaintance with the ins and outs between this and Italy,
216 BIOGRAPHY AND
and we can supply Elders Malan and the Saints in Piedmont,
also the Saints in Switzerland.
People. are now constantly making calls to inquire con-
cerning this "strange religion." A few evenings since we had
at one time, at our private lodgings, gentlemen from eight dif-
ferent nations, having come from various parts of the city to
hold conversation concerning our doctrines; among the num-
ber were those from Poland and Greece, who are now reading
our works with peculiar interest. Two intelligent and enter-
prising young men, the first fruits of our ministry upon this
island, will ably assist in moving forward the cause in which
we are engaged; one of them we have ordained an Elder — he
speaks several languages fluently.
Since our arrival, the slanderous reports of the United
States "Judges," from Great Salt Lake City, through the
medium of the French and English newspapers, obtain lively
circulation, losing nothing by importation.^ Yet they serve us
some good purpose by awakening curiosity, and sending many
visitors, whereby we have increased opportunities of announ-
cing our principles.
Elder Woodard, as soon as his services can be- dispensed
with here, will return to the assistance of Elder Malan, in
Italy, leaving the work in this place in charge of Elder Obray.
My European mission, on my departure from these countries,
will be under the superintendence of Elders Stenhouse, Wood-
ard and Obray; the Indian mission will be left with Elders
Findlay, Willis and Joseph Richards. These brethren will
keep up correspondence with the Presidency in Liverpool, from
whom they will receive, from time to time, that instruction and
counsel as shall tend to promote our Master's cause under thei^:
directions.
The English and Italian languages are much spoken in
Gibraltar ks well as the SjDanish, and we are anxious to see the
work of the Lord beginning to spread its truths, if possible,
through the Spanish dominions; and feel to do all in our
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 217
power to effect so desirable an object. We cannot help but
believe that the Lord has some good people in that place, that
will hearken to His voice, and become instruments in carrying
the Gospel to their countrymen. In a few days I shall have
completed my arrangements here, and shall then take my
departure for that country, and spend what little time I can
spare, with a view of making an opening, as wisdom may
direct.
If a wise, energetic, faithful and experienced Elder, being
well approved by yourself, who wishes to engage in that which
will redound to the honor and glory of God, and the salvation
of souls, will come to • Gibraltar, he shall be supplied with
appropriate publications from here ; and while there I will do
for him what lies in my power, and make such arrangements
in laying a foundation for his advancement in the work, as my
time and opportunities shall permit. If another Elder can be
looked up for India, to aid Elder Findlay at Bombay, I believe
I will then have done with my requests upon England, at least
till my return from California.
It is not our expectation to convert all these Catholic
nations, but we can hardly expect any better or more favorable
time to furnish them an opportunity for life and salvation;
and we feel that there are a few among them who will appre-
ciate the sacrifices we make in their behalf; and, giving heed
to the call, will come forth fulfilling the words of the holy
Prophets, that a remnant shall come to Zion, gathered "from
every nation, kindred, tongue and people."
We expect, also, on our part, in order to accomplish this
work, much patience, faith, diligence, perseverance and long-
suffering will necessarily be exercised. In the cities, both in
America and in England, in which thousands ultimately
received the Gospel, in several instances many months were
spent in seemingly fruitless labors before a proper attention to
those principles was produced ; so, in reference to these Catho-
lic countries, we may not only labor months, but perhaps even
218 BIOGRAPHY AND
years. But we feel assured that through faith, prayer, works
and the blessing of the Lord we shall ultimately overcome all
difficulties, and have the assurance that we have done our
duty and cleared our garments of the blood of all men.
Brother Woodard joins me in love to yourself and to all
the Saints, praying that you may be attended in all your exer-
tions for the cause of Zion, with the choicest blessings our
Heavenly Father bestows upon the faithful whose hearts and
souls are devoted to His service.
Since I commenced writing I have received cheering intel-
ligence from my Indian missions, which no doubt has reached
the columns of the Star.
Yours affectionately,
Lorenzo Snow.
President S. W. Richards.
In connection with the above letter, we copy the following
from an editorial in the Millennial Star, in relation .to the East
India mission :
" By the politeness of Elder William Cook, of London, we
are enabled to lay before our readers the following interesting
items concerning the East India mission, being extracts from
a letter from Elder William Willis, who, our readers will recol-
lect, is on a mission to Calcutta: On Sunday, December 21,
1851, Elder Willis baptized nine natives, five Christian and
four Pagan. He was expecting to baptize four natives and
three Europeans on the 7th of January, 1852. Four stations
were open for preaching, and prospects were very encouraging
for a good work being done. Elder Willis was also engaged
busily in translating the "Ancient Gospel Restored," by
Lorenzo Snow, into Bengalee and Hindostanee. Thus are the
glad tidings of salvation wending their way into the dark
regions of the earth. The energy of the Elders of Israel is
rapidly causing Zion's glorious standard to be lifted among the
nations, whilst the Holy Spirit of God inspires the scattered
sons and daughters of Israel to the hope set before them."
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 219
To follow up the progress of the East India mission, we
copy from the Star an extract of a letter from Elder WilHs to
Brother Snow, dated:
2| Jaux Bazaar Street, Calcutta,
May 15th, 1852.
Beloved President Snow :
The Church in and within forty miles of Calcutta consists
of one hundred and eighty-nine members, one hundred and
seventy of whom are Ryots, or native husbandmen, who pre-
viously were nearly all professing Christians, and whose seces-
sion has caused a great stir among the Padre Sahib (mission-
aries). The children of the native brethren are more numerous
than themselves, and, as soon as we can visit them, there are
many more desirous of being baptized. But they are scattered
over an immense district of plowed fields, and ver}' bad or no
regular roads ^ but you know what " Mormon" perseverance will
accomplish. We look upon these things as the droppings
before the shower. There is a great work preparing among
the Europeans here — much of earnest and polite inquiry —
meetings are well attended, many coming in their carriages
and palkees, and at the end of the lectures the people are very
unwilling to leave the room until they have had the friendly
shake of the hand, and the long debate after the lecture is
over, frequently prolonging it till past ten at night, etc.
I have just heard from Brother Findlay, at Bombay, who
has commenced sowing the good seed. He has been attacked
by a pious scribbler, and has had the privilege of replying,
twice, in a masterly style, in the Bombay papers ; which replies
have been also inserted in the Calcutta and other papers.
About seven or eight rabid articles, letters, etc., have been
leveled at me and the truth, and they have inserted three of
my replies, which have caused many to inquire, and visit me,
and read the tracts I brought out.
The public library has l)een furnished with copies of all
220 BIOGRAPHY AND
of our works, through the recommendation of Major Marshall,
who attended my lectures and presented me his card. I have
my eye on several new stations, when my boys here have
learned their drill. I am so circumstanced as to be able to do
something every day and night in rolling on the work of God.
If we had many more Elders they would all get "curry and
rice," and souls for their hire.
Your tract, " The Only Way to be Saved," has just been
translated by Brother Brigham Prankisto, one of my children
in the faith, a Priest; and I trust it will soon be printed in
Bengalee and Hindostanee. He has commenced translating
"Child's Ladder," and "Remarkable Visions."
I have just concluded a course of twelve lectures, which
have been well and respectably attended. One night four
missionaries were present; two rose up in the meeting and
violently opened their mouths, but as I promised to hear them
at the conclusion of the lecture, they waited, and at the end of
the lecture they questioned me and were silenced, being self-
condemned out of the Scriptures; for neither of them had
been baptized according to their requirements, and they sat
down, saying, "they did not come to argue," to the great aston-
ishment and amusement of the audience. The follomng day
they were shown up in the newspapers by an anti-"Mormon"
writer, who expressed his surprise at their demeaning them-
selves by "interfering with the delusions of Mormonism."
We have been blest with the gift of healing in cases of
croup, fever, cholera, etc. ; the last was that of a Hindoo groom,
who was in a dying state with Asiatic cholera. I anointed
him with oil, and was assisted in the laying on of hands by
Brothers McLachlan and Boynton, when the man soon
recovered, although he was in great agony — turning up his
eyes, and was frightfully affected. To God the Eternal Father,
Son, and Holy Ghost, be all the glory.
The Saints here, with one heart; sustain the authorities of
the Church, Presidents Young, Kimball and Richards, the
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 221
Twelve, the Seventies, the High Council, and all the organiza-
tions of the Church in Deseret and elsewhere, and pray that
heaven's blessings may continue to be poured out upon them,
I am preparing seeds for the Valley. The flowering
shrubs here are very numerous and beautiful. I trust to be
favored with a ship-letter when you reach the Valley, and to
hear what the Presidency think about the success of this
mission. I have ordained two Elders, J. P. Meik and McCune.
I hope soon to have an Oriental Star, as literature here is at a
low ebb and high price. I have faith to ask if you will
sanction.
June 1st. Last night I baptized two males and one female
in a household, and of the same family as a few days ago, and
expect the mother very shortly. She is the owner of several
large houses in Calcutta — is of a noble spirit, and fully believes
the Gospel. We now number one hundred and ninety-two.
* * * "pjjg Saints unite with your most affectionate
brother and fellow servant in prayers and best wishes for your
health, happiness and success in the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
William Willis.
222 BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER XXX.
Closing the Mission,— Elder Jabez Woodard writes.— Leaves Malta. — Elder
Obray succeeds him. — A vision related.— Commendatory of Elder Malan.
—Extract from Elder. Obray 's letter,— From Western Hindoslan.— Oppo-
sition.—What a soldier dared. — The result. — Military oppose Mission-
aries.—A Branch organized in Poonah.— The "Voice of Joseph," by
Elder Lorenzo Snow.— "The Only Way to be Saved" republished.— A
remarkable vision.
n^"^"S' KITING, as we arc, more particularly for the benefit of
^ I r
those yet unborn, in order to make a record as com-
plete as possible, we compile the following extracts,
and with this chapter close the synopsis of Lorenzo's eastern
mission.
Praissuit, Angrogna, Pignerel,
Piedmont, July, 1852.
Dear President Richards:
Elder Obray has probably informed you of my dej)arture
from Malta, after we had organized a branch of the Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. I could not help feeling
deep regret in leaving that devoted brother in a country with
whose customs and climate he is yet unacquainted; but he
keeps the AVord of \¥isdom, which will preserve the life of
many an Elder when exposed to blighting winds and burning
suns.
You see by the heading of my letter, that I am in the
field of my former labors, and letters bearing that address will
be pretty sure of reaching me, in whatever part of this land I
may be working; in fact, I ought now to be in two or three
places at the same time, and it is, therefore, with the greatest
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 223
pleasure I hear from Elder Snow that assistance is coming, and
I shall be happy to hear from the brethren who are nominated
for Ital3\
With regard to the present condition of this mission, I
cannot do better than transcribe the words of a friend who
received the following, in the .visions of the night: "I beheld,
and lo ! the form of one that was exceeding tall and great. The
face was smiling and lovely, and while yet I gazed, became so
resplendent with glory, that I was forced to look down towards
the earth. Then I saw dark clouds wrapped around that
gigantic body, leaving only a few places here and there, pene-
trated by the rays of light. And the Spirit said unto me. This
is Truth in Italy; and behold, at present the light just
shineth in the midst of the darkness, but the days will come
when all in this land shall be penetrated by the power of
Truth, either unto their salvation or destruction." * *
I have commenced preaching, baptizing, etc., and have
also pruned the vineyard — cutting off dead branches. But I
feel to commend the faithfulness of Elder John D. Malaii, who
held the Presidency during my absence in Malta. "The
Saints in Italy salute you."
Yours in the New and Everlasting Covenant,
— Millennial Star. Jabez Woodard.
Extract of a letter from Elder Obray:
124 Strada San, Dominico Malta,
August 18, 1852.
Dear President Richards:
It is beyond my power to make known the difficulties
attending this mission. I have not only to encounter Catholic,
but Protestant, who are circulating lies a^ fast as a horse can
run, in order to stop the work of God on this island; but God
be praised ! I am enabled to say that I have added two since
I last wrote to you, which make twenty-two members of the
224 BIOGKAPHY AND
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints here, rejoicing in
God.
Last Sunday, the 17th, I ordained a good man an Elder,
by the name of George Burrage ; he leaves Malta for England
this day week, to get his discharge, when he will return to
Malta. * * *
Extracts from letters of Elder W. Willis, dated Calcutta,
Aug. 3, 1852:
"Elder Joseph Richards, late of the London Conference,
arrived here on the 20th of last month. He left London in
January, on board the Elizabeth. He is, I am happy to say,
in the best of health and spirits. He is under counsel from
President Snow to assist me here, which I have realized to a
most pleasing extent already, and have every hope that we
shall, by the help of the Lord, pull well together. His presence
and counsel have inspired me and the brethren here, with
fresh hopes and courage.
" Elder McCune, on the 25th of last month, delivered his
farewell address, before leaving for Burmah, where he has gone
to fight the battles of the Lord while he officiates in his military
capacity of staff sergeant, in the ' Company's Bengal Artillery;'
and we feel to ask an interest in his behalf in the prayers of
the Saints at home.
" Last Saturday, Elder Richards led Mr. William Sheppard
into the beautiful limpid tank at Acra Farm, and baptized him
for the remission of his sins, in the presence of many of the
Saints. His son, also, and a young native of the medical caste,
named Unnoda Persad Sen Gooptoy, who is very fluent in
Bengalee and Hindostanee. He is a young man of great
promise.' "
The following is from Elder Findlay, in Western Hindos-
tan, as published in the Millennial Star, dated Poonah, Sep-
tember 13, 1852 :
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 225
Beloved President Richards:
Trusting that the letter I addressed to your office for
President L. Snow, bearing date of June last, has been received,
although detained one month on account of the steamer bear-
ing mail having put back to Bombay, short of coal. I am
doubtful that Elder Snow's communications have miscarried,
as I have received none from him, save one from Malta, dated
the 11th of March. In the absence of other instructions, I beg,
with your permission, to communicate through the medium of
the Star what might be interesting to him and others who love
the cause of* Zion.
In the letter referred to, I gave a brief outline of the com-
bined opposition, military and ecclesiastical, which met our
first operations in Bombay; these two powers combined leave
little play for the privileges of the civil constitution.
The majority of India's European population are of the
military class, the chaplains not excepted, who, by dint of their
sacred offices, in their varied grades, or, as the natives of the
country would say, castes, bear great sway. All are hand in
hand, jolly good fellows to keep out every invading foe; and,
as " Mormonism," although it makes no interference with con-
stitutional governments, either in military or civil affairSj save
to honor and obey them ; still, claiming spiritual authority to
teach heavenly principles, and to call upon all men to repent
of their transgressions of the laws of the Lord, and to obey the
Gospel of the Son of God; which duty cannot be faithfully
accomplished without revealing the vile corruptions of man-
made schemes— this constitutes it a most formidable foe to the
usurped pretentions of the holy orders of the various contend-
ing systems, the pride, imbecility and inconsistencies of which
have left a stench in the noses and a prejudice in the hearts of
India's children, against the Christian religion, which will not
be easily eradicated.
When an English commanding officer told me in Bom-
bay that I should remember that I was not exactly under
226 BIOGRAPHY AND
English law in India, I expressed the idea as a piece of petty
tyranny; but we are always learning. Noiv I know it is so.
As I mentioned in my last, I left Bombay for this place on
the 24th of June, in company of Elder Tail and family, and
after one night's stiiling and three days and two nights' travel
by bullock wagons, in alternate rain and sunshine, we arrived
at Poonah in the evening of the 27th. My first work was to
hire a room to live and preach in ; this was soon obtained ; but
the next and greatest difficulty was yet to be surmounted, viz:
the possessing it ; the grant of which rested with the military
authorities, > this being a military cantonment, hence under
military law. Our position proved the more precarious on
account of the Bombay interdict from entering the military
boundaries, the news of which, with many of the newspapers,
having reached here in so ludicrous a form that they were
almost amusing, only that the}^ w^ere aimed against a cause
so sacred.
However, in this extremity the Lord wrought for us; we
therefore, after some difficulty, got permission upon the con-
sideration that "the less these people are opposed, the less harm
they will do."
I was only about two days in this new habitation, when
about a dozen soldiers called, as a deputation from 'their regi-
ment, to ascertain whether I had come to purchase the dis-
charge of all who would join our Church, and send them to
. California, as such reports had gone through their lines, and
there were about two hundred of their comrades who were
ready to fall in with these conditions. I mention this farce
l)ecause I ])elieve it Avas a deep laid plot of the enemy to have
me turned out of camp; this conviction has of late been
more confirmed from the circumstance, of a certain colonel
on meeting one of his men saluting him thus: "Where are you
going, sir? Are you going to the 'Mormon' meeting?" On
receiving a negative reply, he added: "You must not go there
— ^they Avill send you to California."
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 227
A soldier of another regiment dared to place one of our
tracts (The Only Way to be Saved) on the table of the public
library. Upon information of this act being borne to the
chaplain, the commanding oificer was written to, Sunday as it
was (the better the day the better the deed), the unfortunate
librarian was first arrested, but, upon the black sheep being
found out, orders were issued to arrest and imprison him the
moment he set foot within the lines. Next morning, arraigned
before the seat of judgment, he was well taunted as a "Mor-
mon," in the low slang of the common hue and cry, until he
told the commanding officer that he was not a "Mormon,"
neither did he care for any religion. Jamieson's code being
well ransacked, no military law could be found to condemn
him; he was in consequence dismissed from the bar with an
admonition.
The same colonel, we are told, has issued an order that
none of his men are to be allowed to come to our meetings;
and if any are seen with one of our tracts, they are to be
severely punished. The chaplains and missionaries are dili-
gently distributing a scurrilous publication purporting to be
written by a J. G. Deck, in England, which, they have honored
with a reprint, and a large and gratuitous circulation here and
at Bombay. As this tract has gained so great celebrity
amongst the people, I have written a repl^^ to the assertions of
its author, in a tract of twelve pages, now in process of publi-
cation. But, to cap the climax of this array of opposition, the
reverend father, in the bosom of the old "Mother," has pub-
licly threatened to curse every mother's son or daughter of his
flock who will dare to set their feet in our meeting house.
You may realize from the above outline that they are all
in a stew here, and we mean to keep them so, so long as the
truth will do it; and we only desire to have wisdom from the
Lord to keep outside of every snare that may be laid to entrap
us.
Notwithstanding the attempt of the wicked one to thwart
228 BIOGRAPHY AND
our purposes, the Lord has been with us, and has so far pros-
pered our labors that we had the happiness of organizing a
branch of the Church of Christ at Poonah last Sunday, com-
posed of twelve members, including three Elders and one
Teacher. This little company are of a mixed birth, Europeans,
Eurasian and native, but one in spirit, and the first fruits of
that spirit, love and union begin to show themselves, as the
evidence to all that we are of God; a contrast to the fact that
the joint chaplains at this station so heartih^ hate one another
as to be unable to speak to each other. "Herein shall all men
know that ye are my disciples."
Your brother and fellow servant,
Hugh Fixdlay.
The following we copy from the Millennial Star of Novem-
ber, 1852: "We have just published an edition of the 'Voice
of Joseph,' a brief account of the rise, progress and persecu-
tions of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, with
their j^resent position and future prospects in Utah Territory.
By Elder Lorenzo Snow. It is printed in new, cleaf type, on
superfine paper, and is adapted for extensive circulation among
honest inquirers after truth, being peculiarly calculated to
impart a general idea of the foundation, history and persecu-
tions of the work of the last days."
We insert the following item, which owes its importance
to some extent to the circumstances of the situation in which
the writer was placed:
Lausanne, September 16th, 1852.
Dear President Richards:
Nearly two years have passed away since I left parents,
wife and children to join the Italian mission. During that
long period I have experienced many changes in these foreign
lands.
One day I sat down in a solitary place, and melancholy
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 229
thoughts began to occupy my mind. Then a strange sensation
swept over my spirit. Did I fall asleep and dream, or did the
visions of futurity beam around? The world seemed spread
out before me, and revolution after revolution passed over the
nations.
I saw Jerusalem inhabited by happy multitudes. The
children were playing in the streets, and old men leaning upon
their staves. The curse brooded no longer over Judah's
ancient land, for the midnight shades of sin and sorrow were
replaced by the brightness of the Millennial morn.
Jesus had visited the earth again, and all nature smiled
as if conscious of her Creator's presence. Myriads of noble
beings came from tower and temple, and stood near the holy
city. Then the Savior came forth, and every eye rested upon
His glorious countenance, while every knee bowed in reve-
rence. He raised His right hand, and, pointing to Calvary,
thus addressed the mighty host which worshiped at His feet:
" Two thousand years ago I died upon that Mount for the sins
of the world, but now my Father hath given me the crown of
universal empire. Thus shall it be known through all His
vast creations that sacrifice and obedience bring forth honor and
immortality.^^
Then I started as from a trance, and lo! instead of the
palm trees and flowers of the "pleasant land," I was sur-
rounded by the rocks and snows of the Alpine wilds. But all
was not fled, for those words, "sacrifice and obedience bring
forth honor and immortality," left a soothing balm upon my
spirit which will never be forgotten.
Yours in the New and Everlasting Covenant,
Jabez Woodard.
k
230 BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER XXXI.
Close of Mission.— Bids adieu to the Saints and scenes of his labors. — Poem,
in which martial and ecclesiastical labors and lienors are contrasted.—
Lorenzo returns home. — Chosen Member of Legislature. — President of
Council.— Reflections. — Joy and sorrow.— Vision.— A covenant.— Char-
lotte's death. — Singular manifestation. — A little j)rattler. — Quandary.-
Solution. — Social party.— Storm.— Drenched.— Lorenzo decides to build.
— A struggle. — Proves a success.
T length the time for his departure arrived, and Lorenzo
bade adieu to the Saints in the "Old World," with all
the attractions of nature and of art with which their
countries are justly celebrated. Had his mission been one of
ordinary character^ — one that pertained to earth and earthly
things, he might have yielded to the power of fascination ; but
with him the worth of souls — the elevation, happiness and
exaltation — the emancipation from the bondage of priestcraft
and tradition of his fellow-men, was the great mission with
which he was invested, and until honorably released, nothing
— not even the endearments of home — would draw him from
his post, nor divide his interest. But when released by the
same authority by which he went forth, although his affec-
tions twined around the Saints from whom he soon would be
separated by long distance ; home, his waves and children, and
associations with the Saints of God in the valleys of Ephraim,
constituted a powerful magnet, which none but those who are
husbands and fathers can realize.
Well may the fire of glory blaze
Upon the warrior's tread,
And nation's twine the wreath of praise
Around the hero's head;
His path is honored, and his name
Is written on the spire of fame.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 231
His deeds are deeds of courage, for
He treads on gory ground,
Amid the pride and pomp of war,
When carnage sweeps around:
With sword unsheathed lie stands before
The foe, amid the cannon's roar.
If such the meed the warrior gains;
If such the palm he bears;
If such insignia he obtains;
If such the crown he wears;
If laurels thus his head entwine.
And stars of triumph 'round him shine;
How noble must be his reward,
Who, 'midst the crafts of men.
Clad in the armor of the Lord,
Goes forth to battle, when
The powers of darkness warfare wage,
And Satan's hosts around him rage.
Who goes opinion to unbind
That reason may be free.
And liberate the human mind
From cleric tyranny:
Who severs superstition's rod.
And propagates the truth of God.
Who wars with prejudice to break
Asunder error's chain,
And make the sandy pillars shake
Where humah dogmas reign,
Who dares to be a man of God,
And bears the "Spirit's sword" abroad.
Above all earthly his ahail be
An everlasting fame —
The Archives of Eternity
Will register his name:
With gems of sacred honor rife,
His crown will be Eternal Life.
232 BIOGRAPHY AND
After an absence of nearly three years, starting from
Malta, and, after stopping a few days in Gibraltar, Lorenzo
returned home by way of Portsmouth, London, Liverpool,
New York and St. Louis, arriving in Salt Lake City, July 30,
1852.
In the following autumn he was elected to the Utah Legis-
lature, and continued a member until disfranchised in 1882 by
the decision of the "Commissioners" appointed by the Presi-
dent of the United States, to execute the notorious Edmunds
law in Utah ; and served, during ten years, as President of the
Legislative Council.
The following episode is from my brother's journal:
Arriving at my home in Salt Lake City, the long antici-
pated oasis of this portion of my life-journey — the beacon light
which succeeded my arduous missionary labors, and shone
with a brighter beam than all other earthly luminaries, the
happiness of once again meeting my loved and loving family
would have been full, but alas! there was a sad vacancy. A
lovely one was not ; one who ever met me with a smiling face
and a loving heart, was not there to respond to love's sacred
call ; Charlotte, my dear wife, had been stricken down by
death, and her beautiful form lay mouldering in the silent
tomb. Yet there was consolation in the thought that her pure
spirit was mingling with holy beings above. A short time
after Charlotte's decease, while I was in Italy, a sister in Lon-
don, a very faithful Saint, the wife of Elder Jabez Woodard,
had an open vision, in which she saw a beautiful woman, the
most lovely being she ever beheld, clothed in white robes and
crowned with glory. This personage told Mrs. Woodard that
she was a wife of Lorenzo Snow. So much for the journal.
All life-pictures have their backgrounds, and the death
referred to threw a damper on what otherwise might have
been an excess of enjoyment. But much more of instruction is
to be drawn from the circumstances of this death than would
strike the uninformed reader. It stands as an uncontroverted
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 233
testimony that God, sometimes at least, takes us at our word,
and holds us responsible for the fulfilment of covenants which
we make with" Him.
On the mountain in Italy which was subsequently named
" Mount Brigham," on the same memorable day in which the
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was there organ-
ized, Lorenzo, in the force of his spirit, aroused by intense
interest in the work devolving upon him, which seemed
shrouded in darkness, and probably without realizing the
weight of his covenant, told the Lord that he knew of no sacri-
fice he could possibly make he was not willing to offer, that
the Lord might grant a request concerning the mission before
him. When I received a copy of the report of the proceed-
ings of the day, in which the above was included, I was
deeply struck with the coincidence. Just at this time, as
nearly as I could calculate by comparing dates and distances,
the Lord removed, by the hand of death, from my brother's
family circle, one of the loveliest of women.
Charlotte died very suddenly. I was with her and saw
her draw the last breath ; her beloved husband was very far
away, but his name was on her dying lips. She loved truly
for she loved sincerely; and as she loved, so was she beloved
by all who knew her. As she had been very beautiful in life,
she was beautiful even in death. She left one dear little girl,
which, although bereaved of a tenderly affectionate mother,
has been kindly cared for by other members of the family, and
is now wife of an honorable husband, and mother of five chil-
dren.
I Avill here relate a very singular circumstance which
occurred after Charlotte's death. Charlotte and Sarah Ann,
another wife, had roomed , together, as it will be recollected
that prior to his going to Italy Lorenzo had erected a log
house as a temporary expedient for a shelter to his family till
he had time and opportunity to provide better, and was so soon
called to leave that very little opportunity was afforded for.
234 BIOGRAPHY AND
furnishing more than necessity required, and, of course, his
wives were not supplied with extra apartments.
After Charlotte's death Sarah Ann felt such a sad loneli-
ness that with all the control of feeling she could exercise, a
shuddering sensation came over her at the thought of sleeping
in that, to her, desolate room — it required all the bravery she
could command to enter it in the day time, and for several
nights she made her bed in an adjoining room, until the fol-
lowing circumstance, which she related to me, occurred.
One night, whether asleep or awake when the vision com-
menced, Sarah x\nn could not tell; but she thought it was
mid-day, and that the family were all seated in their dining-
room, when a very bright light, above the brightness of the
sun, burst into the apartment, and in the midst of that light
Charlotte entered, sat down and took her little daughter, Roxcy
Charlotte, on her lap, and the extra light in which she came
disappeared. She said she was happy, which her calm, settled
expression verified. She said, "/ divell in a beautiful place."
The brilliant light returned after a short time, and Charlotte
went as she came, in the midst of the light. At this time
Sarah Ann was fully awake, and although no moon was shin-
ing at the time, her room was sufficiently lighted that (as she
describes it) "one could see to pick up a pin." This singular
manifestation so completely revolutionized her feelings that
on the following day, with the greatest pleasure, she replaced
her bed in the deserted room, from whence all gloom and lone-
liness had departed.
After a short absence, the return of a missionary to the
bosom of his family awakens mutual emotions of no ordinary'
character, and, in spite of the heart-yearnings for the departed
one, that house, the home of wives and children, was lighted
up with a brilliant glow of happiness. While the original
was absent, the father's portrait hung on the wall, which the
children with affectionate deference caressed and invoked,
and when they heard the announcement, "iJe has come," exhil-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 235
arating shouts of joy resounded through that humble dwelling
as none but children can put forth.
One little prattler, iiamed Sylvia, born a short time after
her father left home, seemed to anticipate his arrival with as
much enthusiasm as those that remembered him ; but after he
came, she wholly ignored and would not be coaxed to
approach him. On the second day after his arrival, as he was sit-
ting in the family circle, she entered the room, and slyly step-
ping up to one of the children, she made the inquiry, "Is that
my favvy?" On being answered in the affirmative, she went
to another child and asked, "Is that my favvy ?" and received
the same answer. She then placed herself directly in front of
her father and looking him full in the face, said, emphatically,
"Is you my fawyf^ He answered, " Yes, I am your father.'^
She then said, " Well then, if you is my favvy I will kiss you," and
with a mutual warm embrace she gave him a hearty kiss.
Now to his journal: My house, built of logs, with roof
made of willows and earth, and floors of primitive style, just
before starting on my mission, had already become quite
uncomfortable, and could not be sufficiently improved to meet
the requirements of ordinary convenience. Having but little
means at my command, I found it difficult to decide whether
or not to undertake to erect a suitable building for my family;
but the following circumstance settled the question: Presi-
dent B. Young proposed a select party to convene in the "Social
Hall," to which myself and my wives were invited. My sister
Eliza kindly proffered to keep house, and care for the children
in our absence. While enjoying ourselves in the hall, a heavy
shower of rain fell, and on our arrival home I learned that my
sister had been obliged to struggle against difficulties which
she had failed to take into account, when kindly volunteering
her services.
The whole of the carpetless floor, beds, bedding, etc., etc.,
were completely saturated with the pouring element. As the
shower came on, some portions of the roof over the beds stood
236 BIOGRAPHY AND
the test better than others, and to the beds that were under
those portions she consigned the children until the rain
poured down upon them, when she moved them to another
and dryer bed — continuing the process of carrying them from
bed to bed, until every bed, and even every part of the house
was thoroughly soaking wet. As I looked upon the scene around
me, a sense of the condition decided the matter, and I con-
cluded to try to build. Through the blessing of God upon my
efforts — with great economy and perseverance — I succeeded far
beyond my most sanguine expectations. I erected a large two-
story adobe house, with nine rooms — finished off several of
them and moved into it with all my family, feeling truly
thankful to the Giver of all good for the blessing of a comfort-
able and respectable habitation.
When his house was in course of erection, when no eye but
that of God could see him, he frequently knelt within its
foundation and prayed that the small means he could com-
mand, might be blest and multiplied in its use. Thus by
economy, labor, effort, faith and prayer, he succeeded.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 287
CHAPTER XXXII.
Discourse by Elder L. Snow, delivered in the Tabernacle, Salt Lake City. —
Blessings proportioned to faith and diligence. — Plainness of the Gospel.
— Naaman, the Assyrian. — How the Gospel found us. — The same as that
of New Testament. — Power of the Gospel. — Testimony of the Elders. —
What Philanthropists tried to do, the Lord has done. — Joseph Smith.—
His mission. — Obedience brings knowledge. — Elders honest and brave as
the ancients. — Knowledge not confined to our leaders. — Falsehood
refuted. — The dishonest will apostatize. — Persecution promised. — The
honest will receive the truth. — The Latter-day work will triumph.
N addressing an assembly of Saints, I expect the benefit
of their prayers, without the ceremony of asking, being
assured they are aware, as well as I am, that our teach-
ings and administrations in the Gospel of life are blest
according to our faith and prayers and the diligence and
attention we bestow.
I propose to make some general observations upon the
Gospel and its administrations, and in relation to its efifects
when received, and the important blessings derived by this
community through its divine power and virtue. This Gos-
pel, which God has commanded us to offer to the world, is an
order or system of things, simple, plain, and may easily be
understood. In regard to its principles — the nature of its
requirements and the precise kind and character of its bless-
ings and promises, no one, however ignorant or unlearned,
needs to be left in the dark any great length of time; but
may discover its golden truths and the emblazoned mark of
divinity in its arrangements as distinctly and as speedily as
Naaman, the captain of the Assyrian host, found divine
virtue and the hand of divinity in the order prescribed to
him by Elijah, through which his leprosy was removed. In
238 BIOGRAPHY AND
his case the order of obtaining miraculous blessings, viz. : to
immerse seven times in Jordan, as prescribed by Elijah, was
so simple, so plain, and in regard to its divine efRcacy,.so easy
of ascertainment, that the great captain, at first, was exceed-
ingly wrathy at the idea that God should propose to work
upon him through such easy and simple forms; but the order
through which he could be healed of his leprosy was pres-
cribed of God through the Prophet, and finally the Assyrian
officer, 'through the plain, common-sense reasoning of his
servant, concluded to waive his objections, and comply with
the requirements; and having done so, he received the prom-
ised blessing.
The first principles of the Gospel which we offer, and
which put men in possession of the revelations of God and of
a knowledge of this work, are precisely as simple, plain and
as easy of understanding as the order before alluded to,
through which the heavens were opened in Naaman's behalf.
The Gospel was brought to our respective locations, far
remote from these mountain vales. It found us citizens of
many nations — speaking our respective languages, each pos-
sessing his peculiar notions and prejudices, with our associa-
tions and a strong attachment to kindred, friends and country.
However unpleasant, unkind, unjust and inconsistent it
might appear at first, we clearly foresaw that, in receiving
this Gospel, we should be compelled to break up those associa-
tions and sever those attachments, leaving the lands of our
nativity, and going forth with our wives and children to a
distant land, of which we had but little knowledge. Yet a
similar requisition was made upon the House of Israel, in the
land of Egypt; also upon Noah and his family, and upon
Abraham and the family of Lot, in the city of Sodom, and
upon the families of Lehi and Ishmael, as mentioned in the
Book of Mormon. But in the provisions of the Gospel which
was offered to us, there were fairness and safety; it proposed
to give us, through obedience to its requirements, a perfect
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 239
knowledge of its divine authenticity; so that in leaving our
kindred, breaking up our social relations, and going forth
from our native lands, we should first become perfectly
assured that it was no human contrivance — something gotten
up to effect some political purpose, or to satisfy some worldly
ambition to achieve some private end through human cun-
ning or craftiness.
The Gospel was plain and simple in its requirements,
and there could be no mistaking the precise nature of its
blessings and ])romises, nor the manner and time in which
they were to be reached.
The first feature in this system which struck us with sur-
prise and arrested our attention, was its perfect similarity, in
all its parts, with the Clospel as recorded in the New Testa-
ment. It required repentance and a forsaking of sins —
immersion in water for the remission of sins, with a promise
that, through the laying on of hands by those having author-
ity, people should receive the Holy Ghost, by which a knowl-
edge should be obtained of the truth of the doctrine.
Another remarkable feature which called into exercise our
most serious consideration, was the solemn testimony of the
Elders, that they possessed the right to administer these
sacred ordinances by virtue of the holy Priesthood committed
to Joseph Smith through the ministration of the Apostles,
Peter, James and John. And furthermore, that this solemn
and most important fact should be revealed to every man
upon his faithful obedience to the Gospel requirements.
In these propositions, though at first seemingly strange,
we saw that everything was plain, fair and honorable. In
doing what they required, we should only do, in fact, what,
as true-hearted believers in the ancient Gospel, we ought to
do, and if we failed to receive the promised blessings, and
thereby proved the Elders' testimony false, our religious con-
dition would, nevertheless, be then as good as any other
Christian's, and a little better, perhaps, because we should
240 BIOGRAPHY AND
have approached a little nearer to the doctrines of the Scrip-
tures, inasmuch as their true forms and ceremonies were con-
cerned. Of course, in this case, having proved to our satis-
faction that there was no Holy Ghost — no supernatural
manifestations — no knowledge — no revelations accompanying
the Elders' administrations of the Gospel; no human persua-
sion, no cunning sophistry could have induced us to leave
our homes and friends, to embark in a scheme which our
common sense taught us would eventuate in bitter disappoint-
ment and inevitable ruin; but, like other Christians, we
should have continued in the enjoyment of friends and
home, groping our way through religious darkness, expecting
nothing, hoping nothing, and receiving nothing.
But the fact that I am now speaking to assembled thous-
ands of intelligent and enlightened people, who received this
Gospel with the aforementioned fond considerations and
lively expectations — gathered here by their own free will and
choice, out of almost every nation, demonstrates most clearly,
most forcibly and most solemnly, that this system of life, this
Gospel as proclaimed by Joseph Smith, has been shown to us
by the revelations of the Almighty — that it is undeniably
His will, His word and His message; not only this, but we
find within ourselves a fixed purpose — an unalterable resolu-
tion to do, if need be, what many of us have already done;
show the sincerity of our convictions of these solemn truths,
through sacrificing all we possess — not even holding our lives
as dear to us as this religion.
There was yet another prominent feature embraced in
this order of things, viz., where it found people in poverty,
misery and in a condition but a little above starvation, it
spoke in positive terms of future relief and effectual deliver-
ance. It did not simply say, "Be ye warmed and be ye
clothed," but it declared plainly, and in distinct terms, that
the Lord had seen their bondage and oppression, and heard
their cries of sorrow and affliction, and had now sent His
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 241
Gospel for their deliverance, and would lead them into cir-
cumstances of independence, where they could supply their
own wants and necessities. There, again, was something con
sistent and worthy of all praise and admiration, and char-
acteristic of our Great Parent,, which we discover in all of
His dispensations, when they are in actual working order, as
they were in the case of Noah, and in calling Israel and mak-
ing them an independent people ; likewise as in calling Lehi
to establish a people upon this continent, as well as in many
other instances.
A religion or system is of very little account, where it
possesses no virtue nor power to better the condition of
people, spiritually, intellectually, morally and physically.
Enoch's order of the Gospel did for his people all this, and
it has done the same in every instance, when preached in its
purity and obeyed in sincerity. Many of the thousands of
persons in these beautiful valleys, who formerly were com-
pelled, with their wives and children, to subsist in a half
starved condition — not owning a habitation, nor a foot of land,
nor a horse, cow, pig, nor chicken — in fact, not anything they
could call their own — subject at any moment, through the
whim of their employer, to be turned into the streets, miser-
able beggars ; now own cabinet shops, factories, mills, flocks
and herds, beautiful gardens and orchards, productive farms,
wagons and carriages, dwelling in their own houses in com-
fortable and easy circumstances. No one has any apprehen-
sion of starvation within the jurisdiction of the Latter-day
Saints.
The Gospel proposed these blessings at its announcement,
and they have been most miraculously accomplished. No
other religious system could have achieved such things, nor
dared any other Christian denomination venture to send out
its missionaries " without purse or scrip," and without a col-
legiate education, to declare to the people that they had
authority from God to administer the sacred ordinances of
IS
242 BIOGRAPHY AND
the Gospel, through which should be revealed tangible evi-
dence and knowledge of its divinity, and of their being
authorized to administer it, and take the people from a state
of poverty, and lead them thousands of miles, and despite
every obstacle, establish them as a comparatively independent
people in the midst of a wild desert country. That they
found the people poor, friendless and without the means of
living, and in servitude not much better than Egyptian
bondage, as we found many of them ; they would have im-
parted no cheering news of an approaching salvation from the
God of heaven, but could only have exhorted them to be con-
tented and reconciled with their unhappy lot, and in no case
must they look for any new revelation or miraculous inter-
position.
What philanthropists have wished to accomplish, and
have often attempted, the Lord is now doing on a magnificent
scale in this great American Desert. Flourishing settlements,
towns and cities are rapidly being built, extending over a dis-
stance of five hundred miles in length — hundreds of miles in
width, through the untiring energy and perseverance of a
people formerly totally ignorant of such labors. In these cities
people live in harmony and peace; and robberies, grog shops,
gambling hells, houses of ill-fame and prostitution are not
known in any of our numerous towns and cities, except in
some instances where Christians (so called) possess a footing
and influence. Everywhere else this community flourishes
without these demoralizing institutions.
No one, however prejudiced he may be, can scarcely
avoid acknowledging the palpable fact that this system has
conferred miraculous blessings upon thousands and tens of
thousands, in the way of putting them in possession of the
means of sustaining themselves, after having delivered them
from oppression and tyranny little better than African
slavery : and no doubt our legislators at Washington, one and
all, would give us credit for our indefatigable and successful
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 243
labors in establishing an extensive and flourishing colony on
a portion of our government's domain, formerly inhabited
only by savages and wild beasts, provided we would admit
this work to be the work of man, and not of God — that it had
been accomplished through the artifice and wisdom of man,
and not by the power, wisdom and revelations of God.
Joseph Smith, whom God chose to establish this work,
was poor and uneducated, and belonged to no popular denom-
ination of Christians. He was a mere boy, honest, full of
integrity, unacquainted with the trickery, cunning and
sophistry employed by politicians and religious hypocrites to
accomplish their ends. Like Moses of old, he felt incom-
petent and unqualified for the task — to stand forth as a
religious reformer, in a position the most unpopular — to
battle against opinions and creeds which have stood for ages,
having had the sanction and support of men the most pro-
found in theological lore; but God had called him to deliver
the poor and honest-hearted of all nations from their spiritual
and temporal thralldom. And God promised him that who-
soever should receive and obey his message, and whosoever
would receive baptism for the remission of sins, with honesty
of purpose, should receive divine manifestations— should
receive the Holy Ghcst — should receive the same Gospel
blessings which were promised and obtained through the Gos-
pel, as preached by the ancient Apostles : and this message,
this promise, was to be in force wherever and to wiiomsoever
it should be carried by the Elders, God's authorized messen-
gers. So said Joseph Smith, the uneducated, the unsophisti-
cated, the plain, simple, honest boy.
It is through the virtue and force of this boy's statement
that I speak this afternoon to assembled' thousands. In the
integrity of my heart, with honesty of purpose to know the
the truth, I received the message — I obeyed this form of doc-
trine, and I received, in the most tangible and satisfactory
manner, a divine manifestation, the promised blessing — a
244 BIOGRAPHY AND
knowledge of this work. Am I the only witness? How is it
with the experience of thousands whom I now address? Are
you also witnesses ? If you are not, I ask you in the name of
common sense, Why are you here ? Why did you leave your
homes and countries, giving your sanction to the truth of a
system which promised you divine manifestations, but which
• you failed in experiencing? Being honest ourselves, if we can-
not bear a solemn testimony of having received divine mani-
festations of the great fact that God himself has founded
this order of things, then it becomes a serious fact that we are
witnesses, and in truth the only proper witnesses, that this
whole plan and pretension of Joseph Smith is a sheer false-
hood— a miserable fabrication.
It w^ill be recollected that this Gospel message proposed
to give us divine manifestations through our doing certain
specified acts ; we have performed those acts in precisely the
manner indicated. None but ourselves have attempted to
conform to this arrangement, consequently, no other people
are prepared to be witnesses either for or against this
system.
The Gospel, as recorded in the New Testament, in its
promises and provisions, was precisely similar. It required
certain specified acts to be done, with promises that divine
manifestations should follow their performance. Jesus said,
"jHe that will do the will of God shall -know of the doctrine." Peter,
on the day of Pentecost, said, "Repent, and be baptized for
the remission of sins, and you shall receive the Holy Ghost."
Again, Jesus said, "These signs shall follow them that be-
lieve," etc. A multitude of testimonies could be produced
from the New Testament, showing that divine manifestations
and perfect knowledge were promised to and were actually
received in a specified and tangible form by those who then
obeyed the Gpspel. Those who obeyed its requirements were
the only competent witnesses for or against its divine authen-
ticity. After honestly complying with its requisitions, via.:
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 245
repenting of, and forsaking their sins, being immersed in
water for the remission of sins, and receiving the ordinance
of the laying on of hands; then had they failed to receive
the Holy Ghost, with its gifts and promised knowledge and
attendant signs, they would have seen that the entire Apos-
tolic scheme of salvation re'sted on a baseless fabric.
When the Gospel, or order of things which we have
received, was presented to us, we carefully compared it with
the Gospel recorded in the Scriptures, and found it alike pre-
cisely, in every particular, as regarded its forms, ordinances,
and the authority to administer them : its promise of the
Holy Ghost and of the signs that should follow, together with
a promise of a knowledge of its divinity. In many instances
it was brought to us by men with whose character we were
perfectly familiar, and for whose honesty and integrity we
could vouch ; who solemnly stated, in private and in public,
that through an obedience to its requirements, they had
obtained, in a tangible form, a perfect knowledge of its
heaven-born principles.
This was my experience, and after having complied with
its demands, and thereupon received a knowledge of its
genuineness, and having obtained authority to preach and,
administer its ordinances, I commenced forthwith to proclaim
it to the world ; and no doubt there are persons in this audi-
ence, out of different nations, to whom I have administered
this Gospel, who can witness to its virtue and efficacy. Many
years I have been engaged in forwarding the interests of this
order of things, and you are the proper judges whether it be
of God or of man.
"We have the same Gospel the primitive churches had,
and the same knowledge and evidence they had of its divine
authenticity; and we have just as honest and brave men to
preach it as they had —men that have proved their integrity
through sacrifice as great as the Elders of the primitive
churches ever made. The testimony of our Elders is as valid
246 BIOGRAPHY AND
and worthy of credit as the testimony of their Elders. Our
Apostles who are living are" as honest as the Apostles of the
New Testament, and their testimony is as worthy of credit, so
far as they live and speak according to the Scriptural law and
testimony. If this order of things which we have obeyed is
not the Gospel — if these evidences, these manifestations, this
knowledge, this Holy Ghost, these deliverances from misery
and bondage, and being placed in comfortable and happy cir-
cumstances, living together in peace and harmony, building
beautiful towns and cities, free from demoralizing institu-
tions, be not the legitimate fruits of the working of a pure
and holy system established by God, through Joseph Smith,
we shall be compelled to question the genuineness of the
Gospel of the former day Saints, as recorded in the New Tes-
tament.
By some it has been argued that Joseph Smith and his
prominent Elders were the most corrupt, wicked and infamous
of impostors, but his followers, the Latter-day Saints in gen-
eral, though deceived, were very good people, and scrupu-
lously honest in their religious opinions.
From what I have already said in regard to the operations
and effects of this work, it is easy to be seen that, if it be an
imposition, it is not confined exclusively to the leaders of this
people, but this whole community are actively and knowingly
engaged in a stupendous scheme of deception and hypocrisy;
and by the way, as I before hinted, if this could be proved to
be the case, we should be driven to the belief that the former
day Saints, also, had been engaged in the same disgraceful
imposition. More than one hundred thousand people now
dwell in these valleys, many of them having come from dis-
tant climes and nations. In this great fact they willingly and
understandingly exhibit to the world a clear and power-
ful testimony — more expressive and powerful than any
language could command — that they did undeniably and
most positively receive, through the ordinances of this
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 247
Gospel, administered unto them by our Elders, a knowl-
edge of this work through the divine manifestations of the
Almighty,
But it may be objected that, whereas members of this
community were found by our missionaries in great poverty
and distress, therefore they obeyed the Gospel and emigrated
here to better their circumstances financially, without any
regard to its truth or falsity, as a divine system. This might
be true in some instances, but impossible as regards its appli-
cation to this people as a community.' Those persons who
received this work without religious motives, and without
honest convictions of its divine requirements, but solely for
the "loaves and fishes," cannot possibly abide the test to
which every one's faith, sooner or later, must be brought, but
will have every particle of his dishonesty -and hypocrisy
exposed, and will sooner or later apostatize.
Hundreds of my brethren, Elders in this Church, full of
godly zeal, animated with the purest motives, having obtained
a knowledge of the will of God, have left their wives and chil-
dren, everything that the heart holds most dear, and gone forth
to the nations, without anj worldly compensation, and called
on all to repent and turn their hearts to the Lord — obey. the
Gospel, with a promise that they should receive the Holy
Ghost, which would ''lead them into all truth, and show them
things to come," and it should be their guide and monitor — a
principle of revelation remaining with them through life,
provided they prc-erved their honesty and integrity, continu-
ing faithful in kee])ing the commandments of God — devoting
their time, their means, their talents, their all, to building up
the Kingdom of God. These duties were required, these
blessings promised, in the preaching of the Gospel by our
missionaries and the prominent Elders of this Church. To
obtain light — a knowledge of the will of God; to get the true
religion as now revealed through the Gospel — divine manifes-
tations regarding the truth of the doctrine as taught by
248 BIOGRAPHY AND
Joseph Smith, was the first and all absorbing proposition pre-
sented to the people.
Now, whether these Elders and missionaries were base
impostors, promulgating sheer falsehoods or not, is, of course,
a question of grave consideration; and it is a matter of far
greater importance, and of more serious inquiry, whether
this people, as a community, having failed to receive those
divine testimonies, kept silence as to that most vital and
important fact, and came here to practice hypocrisy in
religion, and thus fasten, irresistibly, on our children and
future generations a system of falsehoods for a divine religion.
Joseph Smith affirmed that Peter, James and John vis-
ited him and conferred on him authority to administer the
holy ordinances of the Gospel, through which every honest-
hearted man and woman were promised the Holy Ghost and
a perfect knowledge of the doctrine. Our Elders simply
affirm that, having received a divine knowledge of the fact
that this Gospel was a heaven-born institution, and through
its virtue and divine force every honest-hearted person may
obtain this same knowledge.
I had been a member of this Church but a short time
when I obtained, through a divine manifestation, a clear,
explicit and tangible demonstration of the truth of this work.
Thousands and tens of thousands of Latter-day Saints, men
and women in private life, can testify to the same experience;
and though I may know many things in regard to this doc-
trine which in their limited experience they may not under-
stand, yet, in this one fact they are equal to me in knowledge
and equal to the messengers who administer to them this
Gospel.
I now wish to examine another prominent feature con-
nected with the religion of this Gospel. An important item
which was held forth prominently wherever this Gospel was
announced, was that its followers should have abundance of
persecutions, and- would probably, in the progress of their
AUffOBIOGRAPHY. 249
new life, be compelled to make the most trying sacrifices, as
wife, children, houses and lands, the spoiling of goods, and
perhaps even of life itself. No persons are properly prepared
to enter upon this new life until they have formed within
themselves a resolution to abide this ordeal.
The Savior, the Apostles, Joseph Smith and the latter
day Elders, when offering this great system of salvation to
the people, told them clearly and emphatically that it
required sacrifices of the most serious and trying nature —
that it would bring persecutions, change our warmest friends
into bitter and relentless enemies, and that instances would
occur when people, in their confused notions of right and
wrong, would even conceive they were doing God service in
taking our lives. These were dull and forbidding prospects
to a rational person, in being proselyted to a system whose
truths he could not know, but only guess at by what he was
told, or of which he had read. Every man and every woilian,
before receiving a system that required such sacrifices, would
require a positive assurance that submission to its require-
ments would bring indisputable knowledge of its true divin-
ity, so that, after having obtained a divine witness of its
genuineness, they could willingly, cheerfully, and with a reso-
lution inspired by the Almighty, move onward over the path-
way of persecution and sacrifice, traversed in all ages by the
martyred Saints and Prophets.
On this point permit me again to quote what Jesus prom-
ised, viz. : "Blessed art thou, Simon Barjonah, flesh and blood
hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father in heaven; and
upon this rock will I build my church, and the gates of hell
shall not prevail against it." Peter had obtained a revelation
which Jesus called a rock, which every man might receive
individually to himself and build upon with perfect assur-
ance and safety, upon which he could found all his hopes and
prospects of salvation. Peter, on the day of Pentecost, prom-
ised the Holy Ghost to all who would be baptized, or in other
fei
250 BIOGKAPHY -AND
words, yield obedience to the Gospel. The Holy Ghost would
impart the knowledge which would constitute the rock of
revelation upon which the Savior said His people should be
established. This people have their hopes and prospects of
peace and happiness in this life and in the life to come rest-
ing and grounded upon this rock of revelation; and we con-
stitute the only religious community which dares to occupy
a Scriptural position; and our claims upon the Savior's
promise, that hell shall not prevail against a people so estab-
lished, gives us peace, tranquility, unshaken confidence, and a
cheering and happy assurance of security, in the midst of all
kinds of threatened ruin and overthrow.
It is the people, the masses — not exclusively their
leaders — who possess this knowledge, and boldly testify of its
possession. The astronomer may know of many laws and
phenomena connected with the sun and its movements
through ethereal space; but as regards the simple fact that it
exists and shines upon the earth, millions know as well as
himself. President Brigham Young, and e\en Joseph Smith,
so far as respects the simple fact that this Gospel, which we
preach as a divine institution, never professed to have a
knowledge more thorough, more convincing, or more satisfac-
tory, than tens of thousands in these valleys who never arose
to address a public audience.
This system of religion, in its nature, in the character of
its origin, the manner of its operations, and in the purposes
for which it was designed, coupled with the fact that people
of honest hearts can and will apprehend and appreciate
divine truth, is such that it cannot be destroyed. A person
who is honest, full of integrity and love for the interest and
happiness of his species, having explored this long untrodden
path, and made this glorious discovery, will not and cannot
keep silence, but despite of threats and opposition, however
fierce and terrific, will boldly declare the glorious fact, spread-
ing and multiplying the announcement of the divine intelli-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 251
gence, and, if so required, seal this testimony with his own
life's blood.
Should the prominent men of this Church, together with
tens of thousands of its Elders, be swept away by our enemies,
the Gospel would still survive, and, with unabated force and
vigor, still continue its irrepressible operations; these holy
and sacred truths would be avowed and vindicated, order and
proper authority continue their peaceful and happy reign,
and Elders,^'ith hearts overflowing with love and heavenly
zeal, go forth to the nations; churches spring up in every
land and clime; Saints increase and multiply and gather
together; the Kingdom of God continue to be established, and
the suggestive and inspired sayings of the Prophet Daniel be
literally and emphatically fulfilled.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
Polysophical Association. — Lorenzo no one-idea man. — Character of the
Association.^ — Called to write. — Responded. — Speeches from ten to fifteen
minutes.— Time fully occupied. — How it was accomplished. — Everything
high-toned.— The eflfect captivating.— Anxiety to become members. — Note
by the Editor. — Nationality. — Wliere is the place of my nativity? — Where
is my home? — Not in any European country.— Not even in America. —
Not on earth. — Here I am a stranger. — My home, my nationality in the
courts of immortality.— Address to parents.— Our mutual aim. — Respon-
sibilities.—Necessity of cultivating children. — What they should be pre-
pared for. — What they are to become.
ORENZO SNOW'S rich inventive genius has not been
confined to any one particular routine. He has never
earned the reputation of "one-idea man." The Poly-
sophical Association, one of the most interesting and extraor-
dinary productions, was the offspring of his fertile brain. It
252 BIOGRAPHY AND
was in the form of a series of evening entertainments, con-
sisting of a most remarkable combination of physical, moral,
mental and spiritual exercises, all blended in one harmonious
whole.
The association met once in two weeks, in my brother's
hall, which was decorated in a manner to correspond with the
occasion. The first inti'mation I had of this singularly bene-
ficial and enjoyable project, Lorenzo called at my residence
and requested me to write an article, either pro^e or poetry,
and read it on the first opening of the contemplated series,
which he briefly explained. Of course I was obedient, wrote
a poem, was punctual to time and place, and was amply
rewarded with pure, unsophisticated enjoyment.
The grand aim in getting up the programme for each
meeting was to awaken an unflagging interest, by riveting the
attention from the opening of the exercises to the close. To
secure this effect, the parts allotted to each were full of point
and vigor, and no ohe was allowed more than fifteen minutes.
The speeches, songs, readings, recitations, instrumental music
on guitar, organ, piano and bagpipe were all previously
arranged and assigned to their respective speakers and players,
giving them sufficient time for preparation.
During the exercises the attention of all was so firmlj'-
riveted that apparently no one in the audience felt any incli-
nation to leave a seat, speak or whisper, but an all absorbing
heed was directed to each contributed portion of the mag-
nificent moral, intellectual and spiritual picnic.
In order to preserve quietude and profound silence, and
that each member, as his or her turn came, might be ready, so
that not one moment should pass unoccupied to slacken the
interest or cool the awakened enthusiasm, the one who was
appointed "master of ceremonies," being seated beside a small
table in the centre of the hall, penciled notes on small slips
of paper, informing each officiate when the precise time for
his or her part would arrive. Thus the name of the indi-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 253
vidual was not called, A small lad, wearing an appropriate
badge indicative of his office, moved quietly around and pre-
sented the notes as addressed, and a light touch on a small
bell gave the signal of the m9ment.
Extempore speeches were judiciously interspersed with
exercises, and a careful consideration was observed in all of
these arrangements, to relieve the grave with the gay, the sad
with the joyful, etc. All were strictly enjoined to present
nothing that would have the least tendency to corrode or in
any possible manner annoy the feelings of any; and again,
nothing was permitted that was bordering on low witticisms
or vulgarity, anything that could possibly offend the most
refined sensibility,
A sacred, elevating, refining influence at all times per-
vaded the whole assembly, inspiring pure and lofty senti-
ments, and, at times during the exercises, the entire audience
seemed perfectly enrapt, with the Spirit and power of God.
On one occasion "Mother Whitney" was so inspired and filled
with the Holy Spirit in the midst of those soul-stirring exer-
cises that she arose from her seat, and, while her face glowed
with supernatural brightness, she sang with heavenly sweet-
ness, in the gift of tongues, a song of Zion, in the pure
language spoken by Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden.
The effect of these varied exercises on invited guests was
captivating. Throughout the city quite a sensation was
created, insomuch that after he had admitted as members all
that could reasonably be accommodated, many came to my
brother and with persistent earnestness begged admittance.
In order to give a more definite idea of the character of
our polysophical entertainments, my brother requests speci-
mens, either in prose or poetry, or both, inserted in connection
with the foregoing sketch. In compliance, I select the follow-
ing poems from m}^ own copies which I had preserved:
254 BIOGRAPHY AND
NATIONALITY.
Written for, and read before an assembly of the " Polysophical
Association," in L. Snow's Hall, Salt Lake City, 1855.
Most courteously, this evening, I'll present
Before this audience, a sentiment —
At least a hint on nationality,
A love, or rather a fjartiality
For birthplace, country, and the people, where
Our lungs at firet inhaled the vital air.
One might as well my thoughts exterminate —
My place in pedigree annihilate,
Or the warm pulse of life eradicate,
As to efface, or to remove from me
The sentiment of Nationality.
It, of my nature, constitutes a part —
Unites with all the life-blood of my heart;
' And if no trait, or portion of my spirit,
• 'Tis something I eternally inherTt.
Not all the charms surrounding scenes impart.
Can chase tlie high-toned feelings from my heart;
For oft — full oft, so tenderly they j'earn,
A kindling impulse prompts a fond return
Unto the land of my nativity —
My native home — my native scenery.
But where — 0, where the land so choice — so dear?
U'hicli is the nation I so much revere?
I do not languish for the lakes and rills.
The rugged heights of Europe's Alpine hills.
The verdant vales which smilingly repose
'Neath tlicir bold summits of eternal snows;
Nor would I boast a proud nativity
On the luxuriant plains of Italy,
With glowing, sunny landscapes, rich and fair,
Tall city spires, and grand cathedrals there;
Where the salubrious (climate's genial heat
Gives to the pulse a soft and ardent beat;
Where nature, with accelerated force.
With less of time, completes her wonted course.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 255
Nor yet in Germany, where laws are made
To fit like tenons for the joiner's trade —
Where every code of civil policy,
Mocks the precision of geometry.
Where case and luxury are smiling 'round,
And merry glee and cheerfulness abound;
Where summer vineyards and the harvest field
To man and beast a joyous plenty yield.
Not Britain, with its niountains, liills and dales,
Includin;tr England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales;
Witli inland products, and ship-crested coast —
Comprising much that wealth and honor boast;
With far-famed cities, towns and villas too.
Where genius flourished and where valor grew;
With all varieties of grade and sphere.
Of ' 'Home, sweet home, ' ' most lovely and most dear.
The honored home of noble thousands, where
Are executed with judicious care,
Those legal powers, created to bestow
Protection's banner on the high and low;
And where religious toleration, now.
Above all elsewhere lifts its manly brow.
Not Sweden, Denmark, Norway, nor in France,
Where revolution's onward strides advance,
And then recede, as tides that ebb and flow —
As moons that waxing, waning, onward go;
While soft refinement, with its graceful air.
Displays a master-stroke of polish tliere;
Where vinous foliage — native fruits and flowers.
Vie with exotics, in luxuriant bowers.
Neither America's much favored land,
Where Lehi, guided by Jehovah's hand.
Obtained a place for him and his, to be
Through generations of posterity;
Where those choice records, where the truth was found,
•As said Isaiah, '^speaking from the ground."
Nor coasts, nor capes, nor islands of the sea;
For none I cherish fond partiality.
256 BIOGRAPHY AND
I say, with Brother Eddington, I'm not
ItaHan, Hindoo, English, German, Scot;
Neither American, Swiss, Welsh or Dane,
Nor yet an Islander from ocean's main,
Nor Spanish, French, Norwegian, nor Swede —
I claim no countrj', nation, kingdom, creed,
Excepting Zion; that I proudly name —
Home of all homes, that home I fondly claim.
Were I to boast of nationality,
I'd look beyond this frail mortality.
The noblest spirits scattered o'er the earth,
By truth's eternil influ3nce gathered forth
From Babylon to earthly Zion, here,
Are on their way to heaven's celestial sphere.
Our inns, our stopping places, which, or where.
Don't matter, when we've paid our bills of fare.
One God, one faith, one baptism — we are now
All in one kingdom, at one altar bow.
The union of the Father and the Son,
Is heaven's true pattern; we must all be one.
All local feelings must be laid aside,
And former differences no more divide.
The time approaches; soon will Zion be
The pride of earthly nationality;
When 'twill the histories of those adorn
Of whom 'tis said, "they were in Zion born."
The Holy Spirit every Saint receives,
Is one sense added to what nature gives,
And forms a powerful telescope, whereby
We look beyond the stretch of mortal eye.
Its keen perceptive vision takes a view
Of origin and destination too.
Through this superior spirit-sense, we learn
What our inferior senses ne'er discern,
That we're not natives of this fallen earth.
We lived before — we had an earlier birth,
A clime and habitations highly pure
Beyond what these gross senses can endure.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 257
There is the charm, the nationality,
The spring of impulse ac^tuating me;
That is the point to which I would attain —
The country home I fondly would regain ;
From whence, for noble purposes, we all,
To gain experience through our Parents' fall,
To gain the zenith of perfected worth.
Have come on pilgrimage, through mortal birth;
As foreign trav'lers, each a camping ground
On different portions of the earth has found.
The force of habit gives to each a grace —
A special charm to each and every place;
And yet, with all the adoration felt,
As at their shrines devotedly we knelt.
Not one — not all, possessed sufficient worth,
To make us feel quite naturalized to earth.
Our hearts beat upward, and our feelings move
In homeward currents up to those we love.
Where uncorrupted nature's beauties glow —
Where life's pure streams from endless fountains flow.
And there the sixth, the spirit sense will lead,
If to its dictates we give earnest heed;
And its refining process will prepare
Us for a full and free reception there;
And there we'll talk of nationality
With the celestials of eternity.
ADDRESS TO PARENTS.
Written for, and read before a Polysophical assembly in L. Snow's
Hall, in the Winter of 1854-5.
With much respect, fathers and mothers too,
The muse, this evening, humbly unto you.
In Zion's name, would proffer an appeal
Upon a theme involving Zion's weal.
As Zion's welfare is our mutual aim,
And our united interest I will claim.
258 BIOGRAPHY AND
Not the indulgence of the listening ear,
Nor flattering plaudits sycophants would hear,
But your attention — thoughtful, calm and grave —
Your sober judgment earnestly I crave.
You all are stewards of what you possess,
And may abuse' or use in righteousness;
And thus the children you most dearly love.
Either a blessing or a curse may prove.
The infant mind is like an empty cell,
Where good and evil find a place to dwell;
And may, by cultuie, be enlarged and filled,
And truth and error, one or both, instilled.
Let healthy, vigorous limbs inactive lie.
How soon they wither, and how soon they die.
And without exercise, the mental powers,
Weak, unsupplied with proper, useful stores,
Will not attain to their diplomaed worth.
Nor shed their own inherent lustre forth.
We cannot powers and faculties create,
But 'tis our province both to cultivate;
And while life's busy scenes are hurrying through,
The most important is the Jirst to do.
You want your sons prepared to carry on
The work you have commenced, when you are gone;
In high important offices to act —
As Zion's judges, business to transact.
In things momentous, for all Israel's sake.
With the salvation of the world at stake.
Inspire their hearts to earnestly pursue
Improvement; and inspire your daughters too.
Prompt both to mental labor, while the mind.
Like pliant boughs, is easily inclined;
While they with readiness and pleasure take
Impr^sions which the sculptor's chisels make.
Your sons, as heralds, soon may go abroad.
To face the world and teach the truths of God;
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 259
The wise, the erudite of earth to meet,
Knowledge with knowledge, mind with mind compete;
All their attainments criticised and tried
Before tribunals of ungodly pride.
Where no apologies will be received,
And no mistakes and errors be retrieved.
'Tis true the Lord His Spirit does bestow,
And through that medium streams of knowledge flow;
But when the opportunities are given,
Through the overruling providence of heaven,
For cultivation, no one need expect
That God, with smiles, will sanction our neglect.
Would not your hearts with deep compassion yearn
To think your child in stranger lands must learn,
By force of cruel circumstances, what
He should have been, at home, in kindness taught?
And very soon your blooming daughtera will -
Their destined spheres of wives and mothers, fill:
The best, the noblest boon they can receive —
The richest fortune you have power to give —
The best of patrimonies under heaven,
Is education, timely, wisely given.
Not erudition's superficial gloss,
Its glitt'ring tinsel and its flimsy dross.
Instead of fabled, sentimental glare.
Teach them what was, what will be, and what are:
Teach them the principles of life and health,
And store their minds with intellectual wealth;
For what they treasure here, of real worth.
They'll carry with them when they leave the earth.
The power of method students gain in school,
Forms a credential — constitutes a tool —
An operative instrument whereby
Their own resources they can self-supply.
Let Zion's children all be taught in youth,
Upon the basis of Eternal Truth —
260 BIOGRAPHY AND
Self-cultivated too, as well as taught,
Trained to reflection, and inured to thought;
And here in time, and in eternity.
The sons as pillars in the Church will be;
The daughters, too, as "polished stones" will shine,
And ornament their true ancestral line,
And be prepared, in beauty clad, to move
With grace and dianitv in courts above.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
How Lorenzo spent the interval. — His next mission. — Difficulties to be ovei"-
come. — Lays out a city. — Description of tiie premises. — Builds a house. —
President Young visits him. — Introduces a precedent. — Description of it.
—Succeeded by railroads. — Gift of the Gospel. — The Patriarch's promise.
— A sick man. — Faith in Lorenzo's administration. — A handkerchief is
sent. — He blesses and dedicates it. — Is taken to the patient. — Placed upon
him. — He recovers.— A letter. — In memoriam. — To Elder Porter Squires.
—Expressions of gratitude. — Good wishes and.blessings.
'HE interval which succeeded Lorenzo's Italian mission
was occupied in school teaching, and in domestic and
legislative labors — occasionally accompanying President
Young in his visits to the settlements and Stakes of Zion,
preaching, administering to the sick, etc., and as a minute-man,
officiating in the various duties of his calling.
The next mission of importance to which he was called
was to locate fifty families in Box Elder County, sixty miles
north of Salt Lake City. There a small settlement had been
formed, which, for want of the right master spirit, had lost
every vestige of enterprise and was minus every aim in the
direction of advancement. To diffuse active energies and a
spirit of progress into this stereotyped condition of people, was
not unlike raising the dead; and a man of less strength of
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 261
purpose would have faltered. Not so witji the one in question.
Prompt to the call, he went to work, laid out a city, naming it
Brigham in honor of the President of the Church, moved his
family to the new city, and thus laid the foundation for the
great financial co-operative enterprise which subsequently he
there built up.
When the county was organized by the authority of the
Legislature, he was appointed to preside over it, as a Stake of
of Zion. He was elected member of the Legislative Council,
to represent the district composed of the counties of Box Elder
and Weber.
Here follows Lorenzo's own version of the situation:
When I arrived in Box Elder County, I found the location
where Brigham City now flourishes in a very unprosperous
condition. Whether its change from a primitive state should
be called improvement, i. e., whether it was better or worse for
what had been done on the premises, would puzzle an anti-
quarian. Even the log meeting house, with its ground floor
and earth roof, was more extensively patronized as a receptacle
for bed bugs than for the assemblage of Saints.
At first, in locating there, I only took a portion of my
family, as a small and incommodious adobie hut was the only
tenement attainable. During the summer and fall I succeeded
in erecting a house, one story and half in height, thirty feet b}'
forty. It being impossible to obtain shingles, I covered the
building with slabs, and for two winters the rattling of those
slabs, put in motion by the canyon breezes, supplied us with
music in the absence of organs and pianos. I had thus cov-
ered the roof of my house, but before my front door was in,
and all my floors laid, and before any plastering was done, our
house was the stopping place and the home of President
Brigham Young and his company of tourists, whenever they
visited these northern settlements. We sometimes entertained
as many as forty at once. As soon as my house was up and
partly finished, I had all of my family with me; and on the
262 BIOGRAPHY AND
occasion of these visits of the Presidency, my family all united
to make our visitors as comfortable as possible.
To manifest due respect, and a proper appreciation of
those visits, which were productive of a vast amount of good
to the Saints scattered throughout the Territor}^, I introduced
a precedent which was widely adopted and carried into effect,
until railroads superseded those lengthy carriage drives. To
23erpetuate a remembrance of this unique order of reception, I
will give a description of the original one, as follows :
On learning the precise time when the party would arrive,
I arranged a programme for the occasion. In the first place, a
set of hands was detailed to put the roads in good condition
for carriages, by clearing away stones, filling crevices, repairing
bridges and causeways, etc. Much care and labor were
devoted to organizing the escort to meet the President's long
train of carriages some miles from the city. We had not the
means in those early days of our history to be very elaborate
in furnishing equipments as would have gratified our vanity,
but what we lacked we supplied in ingenuity and enterprise,
in fixing up what our means and circumstances would admit.
We selected forty or fifty intelligent, interesting looking
young gentlemen, dressed in gray uniforms, each carrying a
lance, the top of which was pointed with shining material,
from which gay ribbons floated gracefully in the breeze.
These young gentlemen were mounted on our finest horses
and properly instructed and disciplined for the occasion.
Next, we selected sixteen or twent}' fine intelligent young
ladies, had them dressed in white, with corresponding decora-
tions. These were seated 'in wagons, each drawn by two span
of horses-, properly caparisoned. All the members of the
escort were carefully instructed respecting a proper manner of
giving the salute on meeting the visiting party; the various
branches of the escort bearing flags and beautiful banners
with appropriate mottoes. All were preceded by one or two
carriages occupied by the authorities and leading men of the
AUTOBIOGKAPHY, 263
city, the whole led by a martial band under the direction of
the city marshal.
In connection with the foregoing arrangement, the chil-
dren, in their Sunday attire, gathered from all parts of the
city, and many from adjacent settlements, were formed into
line on each side of the street, and as the company entered, it
was conducted through these long lines of children to my
house, amid loud cheers, the ringing of bells and waving of
banners.
The effect of this display on President Young and party
was trifly thrilling. They were taken by a surprise of the
most impressive character. Thus an example was set which
has been extensively followed, until carriage riding has, to a
great extent, yielded to that of railroads.
One of the precious gifts of the everlasting Gospel con-
ferred on Brother Lorenzo, that of healing the sick by the
power of faith and the instrumentality of the sacred ordinances
which God has revealed, is a prominent one. Early in his
experience in the Church, when he received his patriarchal
blessing under the hands of the Patriarch, Joseph Smith,
father of the Prophet, he received a promise of this gift, and
he was told that the sick should even send handkerchiefs to
him for his blessing, by which they should be made whole.
A very striking instance in fulfilment of this prediction
occurred in the winter of 1866. Brother William Smith, of
Kaysville, Davis County, Utah, was taken very sick ; his faith
centred in God and in the ordinances of His house, instead
of human medical skill; and he and his wife had, from
experience, great faith in Brother Snow as an administrator,
but he was forty miles away. It was winter, the weather very
cold and stormy, and the roads almost impassable, and they
thought it preposterous to send for him, and tried to content
themselves with the services of those present.
But with all the faith that was exercised, with all that
l)atient, skilful and careful nursing — all that love and affection
264 BIOGRAPHY AND
could do for him — he continued to grow worse, and gradually
sank until his life was despaired of and his case considered
hopeless by all but his heart-stricken, loving wife. She was
hoping and praying with all the fervor affection inspires,
when, by the promptings of the Spirit which brings " all things
to remembrance," she recollected that when Brother Snow was
at lier home in Wiberson, England, in reading a copy of his
l)atriarchal blessing, she was struck with the prediction that
the sick should send handkerchiefs to him, etc. Like a lamp
suddenly lighted, and like the sunbeams streaking forth from
under a heavy cloud, her heart took courage and the light of
eternit}'' seemed to spread a halo around ; and the thought was
immediately suggested to her that, as her husband, now
almost unconscious, was too far gone to act for himself, she
might act for him, and forthwith she started to carry the sug-
gestion into effect.
Xo time was lost in commissioning a messenger to go with
all posssible dispatch and take to Brother Snow a new silk
liandkerchief, with a note from Sister Smith containing her
request, also instructions relative to, and descriptive of her
husband's condition. The messenger accomplished the trip, to
and from, as expeditiously as the state of the roads would
possibly admit.
When Brother Snow was made acquainted with the situ-
ation, his sympathies were much aroused. From long
acquaintance, he had full confidence in their faithfulness and
integrity. They had befriended him when on a mission in a
foreign land, and from first acquaintance, with him and them,
confidence was mutual.
AVe noAv copy from Brother Snow's journal: I took the
handkerchief and a bottle of perfumery, and on retiring to my
closet, I prayed, and then I coiisecrated the perfumery and
sprinkled it on the handkerchief. I then again bowed before
tlie Lord, and in earnest supplication besought Him to
remember the promises He made through His servant, the
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 265
Patriarch, whom He had now taken to Himself, and let the
healing and life-inspiring virtues of His Holy Spirit be
imparted to this handkerchief, and from thence to Brother
Smith when it shall be placed upon him, speedily restoring
him to life, health and vigor.
As soon as the messenger returned, with the handkerchief
neatly folded in an envelope, it was unfolded and spread over
the head and face of Brother Smith, the aj)parently dying-
man, with almost instantaneous effect.
His immediate recovery was observed with surprise and
astonishment by all around, and well might they exclaim ;
" It is the Lord's doings, and it is marvelous in our eyes."
IN MEMOKIAM.
Out of respect to the famil}^ of the dej)arted, who has
gone to reap the reward of the righteous — as a tribute justly
due the memory of the faithful,' trustworthy Elder Porter
Squires, and as a testimonial of my brother's recognition and
appreciation of true merit, we think the following extract
worthy of insertion : •
Legislative Hall, Fillmore City,
Millard County, Utah,
December 21, 1856.
Elder Porter Squires:
Dear Brother. — When traveling abroad among the
nations of 'the earth, I have often thought of your kindness
and faithfulness, and the assistance jou. have rendered me
and my family. And while thinking of you, my prayers have
often been offered up in your behalf, in every place, and in
every nation wherever I have set my feet.
Language fails to express the feelings and the sincere
gratitude of my heart for the interest you have manifested in
266 BIOGRAPHY AND
the many kind and important services you have discharged in
my interest since you came into my family.
I feel that you are fully entitled to be blest when I am
blest, to be honored when I am honored, to be exalted when
I am exalted, and to be glorified when I am glorified.
I have decreed in my heart that, some day, I shall pay
you four-fold, and with interest, for all you have done for me,
but when this will be, the Lord only knows. Till then, I can
only pray for ^^ou, that the Spirit of the Highest may be richly
poured out upon you, and that peace may always dwell with
you.
I shall be glad when you find a companion and have a
home of your own. But I say, as I always have said, be not
in so much haste as to take one that your wisdom and judg-
ment will not approve. I declare to you in the name of the
Lord, there are wives in store for you of the Lord's choosing,
that will be given you, and you shall lose nothing, but shall
be crowned and glorified with your brethren in the Kingdom of
the Lord our God, and in the midst of your wives and chil-
dren, and no power on earth or in hell shall prevent you
receiving this blessing. I say this in the name of the Lord,
and by the spirit of prophecy which is in me, and it is true
and sacred.
I have no time to get away from public business except
in the evening, when I go out into the fields alone by myself,
to call upon the Lord to bless me and my family. I never
enjoy myself so well as I do on these occasions. Men change
and circumstances alter, but the Lord is always the same kind,
indulgent and affectionate Father, and will bless those that
will, in childish simplicity, humble themselves before Him,
and ask for what they want. I think of you at such times, and
always have the spirit to bless you in the name of the Lord.
Your brother in the Gospel,
Lorenzo Snow.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 267
CHAPTER XXXV.
.Necessity of recreation. — Lorenzo anticipates the need of the people. — Pro-
vides a miniature theatre. — How it was managed.— Moves to a new
building. — A windstorm. — House blown down. — Everything destroyed.
— Discouragement. — President J. Young speaks prophetically. — His
propiiecy fulfilled. — The Dramatic Association organized. — Lorenzo pre-
sides over it. — Bishop McQuarrie speaks. — Relates an incident. — The
Social Hall erected. — Its uses. — Concerning circulating medium. —
Checks as good as gold. — Within reach of all. — Assessment.
EALIZING as he did, the fact that those who have the
charge and oversight of the people, without providing
proper recreation, have adopted a mistaken policy,
Lorenzo made an elaborate effort, in this direction, to meet
the wants of the semi-progressive inhabitants of his new-born
city.
Early in the winter of 1855-6, while his recently erected
dwelling house was unfinished, he converted his largest room,
which was fifteen by thirty feet, into a theatrical department,
by erecting a stage in one end of this not-too-capacious hall —
furnishing scenery appropriate to the situation. He then
organized a dramatic company; and during the long winter
evenings his amateur performers drew crowded audiences of
invited guests. The diminutive size of his auditory being
insufficient to accommodate all of the citizens at once, it was
necessary, in order to avoid partiality, to invite the people
alternately, which gave equal opportunities to all.
Here the* old and the young, the grey-headed and the
little prattlers, met and mingled — the people were drawn
together and a union of feeling was awakened. These were
free of charge. My brother, in connection with the voluntary
actors, furnished the entertainments — he held the strings, not
268 BIOGRAPHY AND
allowing anything of a demoralizing character to be presented
— carefully examining the plays before they were exhibited on
the stage, and only accepting such as would create innocent
merriment, or inspire elevating and refining sentiment.
The effect was very satisfactory, not onh^ in producing
pleasurable recreation at the time, but was one of the aids in
arousing the partially dormant energies of the people.
This hall, and these theatricals, answered their purpose
for the first Avinter. During the summer, the people, although
in their poverty, experiencing the great need of a larger build-
ing, commenced the erection of one forty-five by sixty-five
feet. This was called "Court House," and was designed to be
at the service of the county for county purposes, but was' mostly
built by the labor tithing and donations of the people of Brig-
ham City. It was an adobie building, two stories high; they
succeeded in erecting the Avails, and early the next winter
Lorenzo had several thicknesses of boards laid on the sleepers
overhead as a temporary roof — fitted up the comparatively
spacious hall, which was twentj'^-two by forty-five feet, and
moved his theatricals into the basement.
With this imj^roved condition my brother determined to
have a dramatic company of ability, and capable of attaining
to celebrity in the profession. Accordingly, he selected some
of the most talented young gentlemen and ladies, including
several of his OAvn family, and engaged an actor who had con-
siderable experience on the Salt Lake stage — set apart one of
his i^rivate rooms for the instruction of the class, in which the
students made rapid progress.
When the "Dramatic Association of Brigham City" was
organized, Lorenzo was chosen president, which position he
has filled from that time.
But misfortune awaited them. After enjoying their im-
proved circumstances, and having successfully performed dur-
ing the winter, in the spring a terrific windstorm visited the
city, and the court house was blown down with destruction to
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 269
the stage, theatrical scenery, and all the accompanying fix-
tures, which, of course, put a quietus on the Dramatic Asso-
ciation for a season.
The people were poor ; they had struggled beyond meas-
ure to erect the walls now lying in ruins, and how to repair
the loss was a problem which apparently amounted to impossi-
bility— even the irrepressible Lorenzo Snow felt almost dis-
heartened. Not long, however, after the trying occurrence, he
attended a dinner-party at Brother Hunsaker's, in company
with President Joseph Young (familiarly called Uncle Joseph),
when, rather dcspondingly, as they sat viewing the ruins, he
remarked, "I cannot see how we ever can rebuild those walls ;"
when Uncle Joseph, turning to him, very emphatically said:
"Brother Lorenzo, the Lord will soon open your way to build,
and you shall have a much better house than the first;" then
taking a sovereign from his pocket, said, "Take this for that
purpose as a commencement." Lorenzo's feelings were averse
to taking anything from Prest. Young, and said, "No, Brother
Joseph," but, on second thought, it flashed across his mind,
"Yes, I will take it, for I think it a favorable omen — a start-
ing point." And so it proved — from that time the way opened
little by little, and in fulfilment of Brother Joseph's words,
they erected a second structure, in many respects better than
the first. But in several instances labor and ingenuity sup-
plied the lack of cash. In case of roofing, not being able to
purchase nails, they made wooden pins with which their sheet-
ing is fastened to the rafters, as can be seen to this day.
The upper stor}^ of the building w^a-s forty-five by sixty-
five feet, and was used. as an assembly hall, for meetings of
religious worship, concerts, lectures and dancing, until they
built their large Tabernacle. After the first year, the theater
was transferred from the basement to the upper story. A
stage was erected in the east ei,id, 18x45 feet, furnished
with fine elaborate scenery and apartments, where the
members of the Dramatic Association had ai)propriate oppor-
270 BIOGRAPHY AND
tunities to exercise and display genius and ability. They soon
won laurels and gained considerable celebrity, and "were justh'
acknowledged as the best dramatic company in the Territory
outside Salt Lake City. The main body of the lower story
was used for county purposes, sittings of the courts, etc., the
county having assisted sufficiently to claim a share, although,
as with the first building, this also was mostly built by labor
tithing, and donations from the people of Brigham City.
On or about the middle of March just past, the writer
attended the Ladies' Relief Society Quarterly Conference in
Ogden City. One of the speakers. Bishop Robert McQuarrie,
in addressing the large attentive audience in the "Tabernacle,"
earnestly and eloquently impressed on the minds of the audi-
ence the virtue, benefit and, as Saints of God, the practical
necessity of living in constant communion with and acknowl-
edging God at all timt^s, and relying on His assistance in the
*performance of every dut}"; he also admonished all present to
honor Him and cultivate His Spirit in their hearts, not onh"^
when officiating in organized capacity and in religious exer-
cises, but in their amusements, he said, they should be gov-
erned, by its influence, and engage in nothing in which thej
could not, with propriety, ask the blessing of the Lord. As a
corresponding closing refrain, the Bishop related an impressive
ihcident which he said had made a lasting impression on his
mind. At . a time not specified, he was spending an afternoon
with my brother in his family residence in Brigham City. A
theatrical performance was in anticipation for the evening
entertainment, and Lorenzo invited the Bishop to attend. He
accepted the invitation, and as the hour of opening approached
all made ready for going, and when in group assembled and
ready to start, Lorenzo said, "Let us all kneel down and pray,"
which accordingly they did.
As a theater promoter, theater director and theater attend-
ant, this little, yet significant incident is very strikingly char-
acteristic of my brother, and so illustrative of ^he leading
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 271
principles of his life, it is worthy of record as a true index and
as a judicious monitor.
In 1875 the " Brigham City Mercantile and Manufactur-
ing Association" erected a Social Hall 33x63 feet, and two
stories; the first was designed for amusement, social and
dancing parties, lectures, and the assemblies of the Polj'^sophi-
cal Association; the second for a high school or seminary of
learning.
"How blessings brighten as they take their flight. T Although
the good people of Box Elder County had exhibited well-
developed appreciative faculties, it is hardly admissible to sup-
pose that they fully realized the many advantages and con-
veniences resulting from their co-operative system, which
extended to the social, as well as to the business and financial
departments of society. The checks (scrip) issued by this
institution, as a home circulating medium, (until an unlawful
assessment, with its blighting touch, rendered it obsolete, as
will be fully explained hereafter,) were good as gold for admis-
sion to theatres, lectures, dancing parties — in fact, wherever
and whenever entrance fees were demanded; and, independent
of cash fluctuations, they were within the reach of all — men,
women and children. Being paid out for all kinds of labor,
they were accessible to all who were able to work, arid i)ro-
vision was made for those who were not.
272 BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER XXXVI.
Mission to the Sandwich Islands. -Elders called home.— Walter M. Gibson.
—Goes to the Sandwich Islands.— His perfidy.— Lorenzo, with other
Elders, sent to investigate.— Take Stage.— Al-rive at a mining town.—
Incident. — New driver. — Favorable impressions.— Sings melodiously. —
Swears blasphemously. — Drives furiously. — Perilous predicament.—
Other perils.— Arrive at San Francisco.— At Brother Eveleth's.— TakQ
steamer. — Arrive near the landing at Lahaina.— Boat upset.— Lorenzo
and the Captain drowned. — Both restored to life.— Rejoicing and thanks-
giving.
+
^ICN 1857, when the United States army was on the march
vil towards Utah, the Latter-day Samt Elders ab^ad on
• missions were called home, and the mission on the Sand-
wich Islands was, for about two years, left in charge of a native
Elder.
During this time, Walter M. Gibson, a man of deep
scheming policy, came to Utah — professed to adopt the faith of
the Latter-day Saints, was baptized, took a short mission to the
Eastern States, and when he returned started immediately for
the Sandwich Islands, and there palmed himself on the unsus-
pecting natives as a superior personage, authorized by and
superior to President Brigham Young, and claimed the presi-
dency over all the Pacific isles.
He re-organized the Church in accordance with his own
schemes, ordained twelve Apostles, and charged them one hun-
dred and fifty dollars each for the office conferred, and High
Priests and Elders in proportion. With means thus obtained
he purchased one-half of the island of Lanai, where he gath-
ered the Saints and all for his own aggrandizement.
Fearing they might be deceived, some eight of the Elders •
wrote to brethren in Utah who had labored many years among
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 273
them. They stated some of the foots concerning Mr. Gibson's
course, and asked advice. This communication was translated
and submitted to President Young. The First Presidency
<lecided that Apostles Ezra T. Benson and Lorenzo Snow should
visit the islands, and that Elders Joseph F. Smith, Alma
Smith and William W. ClufF should accompany them.
From Lorenzo's journal: "We took stage at Salt Lake
City, about the 1st of March, 1864, for San Francisco, Califor-
nia. Some interesting incidents occurred during our over-
land trip to California, that seemed to us at the time rather
interesting or, at least, a little exciting. It is true, so far as
the tremendous jolting was concerned, we had decidedly the '
advantage of Horace Greeley in his ludicrous lone stage-ride
oYQY the same road, inasmuch as five of us could maintain a
better balance than a lone man. At any rate, on the roughest
[)ortions of the route, we partially succeeded in keeping our
heads clear from the top of the stage,. which, as per report, lie
failed in doing.
On arriving at a small mining town one Sunday morning
about sunrise, our stage-man drove to the post office to
exchange mail bags; just then a negro rushed out of a saloon
directly in front of our horses, and had barely crossed the
street, when a white-man in his shirt-sleeves hurried out of the
door frOm whence the negro came, with revolver in hand, and
fired several shots in the direction in which the negro was run-
ning. We saw him foil, and as his antagonist absconded, curi-
osity prompted us to follow and ascertain the condition of his
victim. He lay upon the ground groaning and writhing in
agony. He pointed to places on his body where the bullets
struck him, but just then, the stage Avas ready to start, and we
left the unfortunate fellow to his fate.
At another time, having stopped to exchange horses just
as night was setting in, one of our company remarked that our
new driver had quite the air and appearance of an intelligent
gentleman, and we soon discovered that he possessed a won-
274 bioCtKAPhy and
derfiil musical talent, in the exercise of which he elicited our
surprise and admiration. It really seemed to me that a
sweeter, a more pathetic or melodious voice I had never heard.
It is quite possible that the stillness of night and the wild
scenery of nature around us had a tendenc}^ to enhance the
effect and increase our appreciation of melodious accents;
whatever it might be, I was charmed, delighted, and felt that
I could embrace that man and call him brother.
Whether the causes of these variations exist originally in
their organizations, or are the result of a life training, may be
a subject for philosophical discussion, but facts definitel}^ prove
that some people are made u]) of opposite elements, the proof
■of which one may visibl}^ notice by waiting and observing, as
in the case noAV instanced.
A sudden lurch of the coach, which was occasioned by a
miss-step or awkward movement of the horses, wrought a sud-
den, marvelous change in our entertainer, and instantaneously
closed our animating entertainment, while a volley of oaths
and the most horrid blasphemies succeeded. As he poured
forth his disgusting and heart-sickening proftinity, he most
furiously lashed the innocent horses.
At this time *we were just commencing the descent of a
mountain some miles in length; it was quite dark, the road
rough and rocky, and it may be readily imagined that our
prospects were not the most inviting. Our coach swayed fear-
fully— the wheels ever and anon striking fire as they whirled
over the rocks, with a double span of horses uj^on a keen run,
tossing us up and down, giving us a few hard strokes of the
head against the cover of the coach.
At length Elder Benson, in a tremulous yet powerful
voice, demanded of the driver to moderate his speed, which
was responded to by an increased and more furious lashing of
tlie foaming, panting steeds; thus, and more, with a drunken
coachman (as^ we afterwards learned), we tore along down the
mountain, every moment in jeopardy of being dashed to
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. » 275
pieces. AVlien at last reaching a station, we were happily
relieved from this perilous adventure. On our return we
learned that the inebriate had been discharged.
But one peril over, another comes. The most exciting
and dangerous portion of our overland route is yet before us,
which we encountered in passing over the Sierra Nevada
Mountains. Many portions of the road were covered with
snow and ice, and ran a long way close beside fearful ravines,
hundreds of feet in depth. One sitting in the coach, by
inclining the head a little one side, could gaze down into the
vast depths below, conscious that the wheels of the vehicle
were often within a few inches of the terrible gulf; conse-
quentl}^ the slipping of the wheels, the least blunder of a
horse, or a strap or buckle giving way, or the least carelessness
of the driver, would plunge the whole outfit over the rocky
crags into the abyss below. The danger was increased by the
ice and snow, and the sudden, abrupt turns in the road. When
we approached very slippery places, where the road frequently
was barely of a sufficient width for the coach to pass between
the high sharp rocks on one side and the frightful chasm on
the other, the driver, in guarding against catastrophes, would
put his two spans on their utmost speed.
Hour after hour, as we thus moved on, particular points
in the road were pointed out to us, where coaches had whirled
down precipices, and every occupant had been killed. These
nerve-stirring 'recitals caused us more seriously to realize the
gravity of our situation and our dependence on God for the
preservation of our lives; and we truly felt grateful for our
deliverance, and breathing more freely, felt our pulses restored
to their normal state as we dismounted from the coach at the
western base of the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
On our arrival in San Francisco we were kindly enter-
tained by Elder Eveleth, whose hospitable house was our home
during our short stay, while making arrangements for our
passage by steamer for the point of our destination. Brother
276 BIOGRAPHY AND
Eveleth's kindness and hospitality to the latter day mission-
aries traveling to and from Salt Lake is proverbial; and
although called to a higher and broader sphere, he lives in the
grateful, affectionate remembrance of those who knew him.
The following is from the narrative of Elder AV. W. Cluf!':
We arrived at Honolulu, the capital of the islands, about the
27th of March, 1864. On the 29th we sailed for Lahaina, on
the schooner Nettie Merrill, Captain Fisher, for the island of
Maui, a distance of about ninety miles from Honolulu. On
the morning of tlie 31st of March, we came to anchor about
one mile from the mouth of the little harbor of Lahaina.
Apostles Ezra T. Benson, Lorenzo Snow, Brother Alma L.
Smith, and myself, got into the small boat to go on shore."-
Brother Joseph F. Smith, as he afterwards stated, had some
misgivings about going in that boat, but the manifestation was
not sufficiently strong to indicate any general accident. He'
preferred to remain on board the 'vessel until the boat
returned. The boat started for the shore. It contained some
barrels and boxes, the captain, a white man, two or three
native passengers, and the boat's crew, who were also natives.
The entrance to the harbor is a very narrow passage
l)etween coral reefs, and when the sea^ is rough, it is very
dangerous, on account of the breakers. Where the vessel
Ui}', the sea was not rough, but only presented the appearance
of heavy swells rolling to the shore.
As we approached the reef it was evident to me that the
surf was running higher than we anticipated. I called the
captain's attention to the fact. We were running quartering
across the waves, and I suggested that we change our course so
as to run at right angles with them. He replied that he did
not think tlftn-e was any danger, and our course was not
changed. We went but little farther, when a heavy swell
struck the boat and carried us before it about fifty yards.
A\'hen the swell passed it left us in a trough between two huge
waves. It was too late to retrieve our error, and we must run
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 277
our chances. AMien the second swell struck the boat, it raised
the stern so high that the steersman's oar was out of the
water, and he lost control of the boat. It rode on the swell a
short distance and swung around just as the wave began to
break up. We were almost instantly capsized into the dash-
ing, foaming sea.
1 felt no concern for myself about drowning, for while
on my former mission I had learned to swim and sport in the
surf of those shores.
The last I remember of Brother Snow, as the boat was
going over, I saw him seize the upper edge of it with both
hands. Fearing that the upper edge of the boat, or the
barrels, might hit and injure me as the boat was going over, I
plunged head foremost into the water. After swimming a
short distance, I came to the surface without being strangled
or injured.
The boat was bottom upwards, and barrels, hats -and
umbrellas were floating in every direction. I swam to the
boat and as there was nothing to cling to on the bottom, I
reached under and seized the edge of it.
About the same time Brother Benson came up near me
and readily got hold of the boat. Brother Alma L. Smith
came up on the opposite side of the boat from Brother Benson
and myself. He was considerably strangled, but succeeded in
securing a hold on the boat.
A short time afterwards the captain was discovered, about
fifty yards from us. Two sailors, one on each side, succeeded
in keeping him on the surface, although life was apparently
extinct.
Nothing yet had been seen of Brother Snow, although the
natives had been swimming and diving in every direction in
search of him. We were only about one-fourth of a mile
from shore. The people, as soon as .they discovered our
circumstances, manned a life boat and hurried to the rescue.
We M^ere taken into the boat, when the crew wanted to row for
278 BIOGRAPHY AND
the shore, and pick up the captain b}' the way. We told them
that one of our friends was j^et missing, and we did not want
to leave. We discovered that a second boat had left the shore
and could reach the caj)tain as soon as the one we were -in.
Seeing this, the crew of our boat consented to remain and
assist us.
The cfiptain was taken ashore, and by working over him
sometime was brought to life. Probably his life would not
have been much endangered but for a sack of four or five
hundred silver dollars which he held in his hand, the weight
of which took him at once to the bottom. The natives dove
and brought him up, still clinging to the sack. When his
vitality was'restored, the first thing he inquired about was the
mone}^ ; intimating to the natives, with j)eculiar emphasis, that
it would not have been healthy for them to have lost it.
Brother Snow had not yet been discovered, and the
anxiety was intense. The natives were, evidently, doing all in
their power.
Finally, one of them, in edging himself around the
capsized boat, must have felt Brother Snow with his feet and
pulled him, at least, partly from under it, as the first I saw of
Brother Snow was his]jhair floating upon the water around one
end of the capsized boat. As soon as we got him into our
boat, we told the boatmen to pull for the shore with all
possible speed. His body was stiff, and life apparently
extinct.
Brother A. L. Smith and I were sitting side by side. We
laid Brother Snow across our laps, and, on the Avay to shore,
we quietly administered to him and asked the Lord to spare
his life, that he might return to his family and home.
On reaching the shore, we carried him a little way to
some large empty barrels that were lying on the sandy beach.
We laid him face downwards on one of them, and rolled him
back and forth until we succeeded in getting the water he had
swallowed out of him.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 279
During this time a niunber of persons aime down from
the town; among them was Mr. E. P. Adams, a merchant.
All were willing to do what they could.' We washed Brother
Snow's face with camplior, furnished by Mr. Adams. We did
not only wliat was customary in such cases, but also what tlie
Spirit seemed to whisper to.,us.
After working over him for some time, witliout any indi-
cations of returning life, the by-standers said tliat nothing
more could be done for him. But we did not feel like giving
him up, and still prayed and worked over him, with an
assurance that the Lord would hear and answer our prayers.
Finally we were impressed to place our mouth over his
and make an ettbrt to inflate his lungs, alternately blowing in
and drawing out the air, imitating, as far as possible, the
natural process of breathing. This we persevered in until we
succeeded in inflating his lungs. After a little, we perceived
very faint indications of returning life. A slight wink of the
eye, which, until then, had been open and death-like, and a
very faint rattle in the throat, were the first S3anptoms of return-
ing vitality. These grew more and more distinct, until con-
sciousness was fully restored.
When this result was reached, it must have been fully one
hour after the upsetting of the boat. A Portuguese man,
living in Lahaina, who, from the first, rendered us much
assistance, invited us to take Brother Snow to his house.
Tlierc being no Saints in the place, we gladly accepted his
kind offer. Every possible attention was given for Brother
Snow's comfort. *
We will here append my brother's account of the upsetting
of the boat, and what he can recollect of the sensations of a
man drowning and afterwards coming to life.
As we were moving along, probably more than a quarter
of a mile from where we expected to land, my attention was
suddenly arrested by Captain Fisher calling to the oarsmen in
a voice which denoted some alarm, "Hurry up, hurry up!" I
280 BIOGRAPHY AND
immediately discovered the cause of alarm. A short distance
behind us, I saw an immense surf, thirty or forty feet high,
rushing towards us swifter than a race horse. We had scarcely
a moment for reflection before the huge mass was* upon us. In
an instant our boat, with its contents, as though it were a
feather, was hurled into a gulf of briny waters, and all was
under this rolling, seething mountain w^ave. It took me by
surprise. I think, however, that I comprehended the situation
— in the midst of turbulent waves — a quarter of a mile from
the shore, without much probability of human aid.
I felt confident, however, there would be some way of
escape; that the Lord would provide the means, for it w^as not
possible that my life and mission were thus to terminate. This
reliance on the Lord banished fear, and inspired nie up to the
last moment of consciousness. In such extreme cases of excite-
ment, we seem to live hours in a minute, and a volume of
thoughts crowd themselves into one single moment. It was so
with me in that perilous scene.
Having been somewhat subject to faint, I think that after
a few moments in the water I must have fainted, a^ I did not
suffer the pain common in the experience of drowning persons.
I had been in the .water only a few moments, until I lost
consciousness. The first I knew afterwards, I was on shore,
receiving the kind and tender attentions of my brethren. The
first recollection I have of returning consciousness, was that of
a very small light — the smallest imaginable. This soon disap-
peared, and I was again in total darkness. Again it appeared
much larger than before, then sank away and left me, as before,
in forgetfulness. Thus it continued to come and go, until,
finally, I recognized, as I thought, persons whispering, and
soon after, I asked in a feeble whisper, "What is the matter?"
I immediately recognized the voice of Elder Cluff, as he
replied, "You have been drowned; the boat upset in the surf."
Quick as lightning the scene of our disaster flashed upon my
mind. I immediately asked, "Are you brethren all safe?" The
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 281
emotion that was awakened in my l)osom by the answer of
Elder Cluff', will remain with me as long as life continues:
"Brother Snow, we are all safe." I rapidly recovered, and very
soon was able to walk and accompany the brethren to our
lodgings. Brother Cluff resumes the narrative :
As soon as Brother Sno,w was out of danger, it occurred
to me that 1 had better return to the vessel. As I reached the
deck by the rope ladder over its side, I saw at a glance that
Brother Smith was under great anxiety of mind. We were
both under an intensity of feeling which men usually experi-
ence only a few times in their lives. Brother Smith had been
informed by a native that the captain and an elderly white
man w^ere drowned. The latter he supposed to be Brother
Benson, hence his great anxiety. My own nervous system was
strung up to an extreme tension by tlie events of the past two
hours. When I told Brother Smith that all were safe, the
sudden revulsion of feeling almost overcame him. We rejoiced
together that through a merciful Providence, and the faith that
had been bestowed upon us, we were all alive.
CHAPTER XXXVI r.
Mission to tlie Sandwich Islands concluded. — Journey to Lanai. — Mr. Gib-
son.— Pagan superstitions. — Adopted by Miss Gibson. — Mr. Gibson rev-
erenced by the natives. — His impudence. — Elder J. F. Smith's reply. —
Elder Snow's prophecy. — Gibson cut oflt" from Church. — Prophecy ful-
filled.— Sermon on the ship. — An earthquake. — Return home. — Inter-
view with President Young.
^N the second of April Brother Snow had so far recov-
ered his strength that it was thought best to pursue
our journey. We hired some natives to take us in an
open boat ac^'oss the channel, sixteen miles, to Lanai. We
arrived at the landing place, three miles from the village, just
282
BIOGRAPHY AXD
at dark. We sent a messenger to Mr. Gibson, with the
request that he would send down some saddle horses for us to
ride up in the morning.
Early the following morning, April 3d, the horses were
ready for us. An hour's ride over a rough, rocky road,
brought us to a settlement; our reception by Mr. Gibson and
most of the native Saints was cool and very formal. Many
improvements had been made since our last visit that were
praiseworthy and reflected great credit on Mr. Gibson.
After breakfast, Apostles Benson and Snow engaged in
conversation with Mr. Gibson on tlie affiiirs of the mission.
That day and the following were principally spent in laboring
with Mr. Gibson and the native Elders, to get them, if possi-
ble, to see the condition they were in. During this time,
Brothers Joseph F. Smith, Alma L, Smith and myself took a
ride around the valley, accompanied by Mr. Gibson's daughter
as our guide.
About one half mile from Mr. Gibson's residence was a
large rock, the top several feet above the ground. Mr. Gibson
had a chamber cut into this rock, in which he had deposited
a Book of Mormon and other things, and called it the corner
stone of a great temple, which would be erected there. A
frame work of poles had been constructed, in a circular form,
around this rock, and this was covered with brush.
Mr. Gibson, by appealing to the pagan superstitions of
the natives, made them believe that this spot was sacred, and
if any person touched it he would be struck dead. So much
faith had the daughter of Mr. Gibson in the teachings of her
father, that she related, apparently in good faith, the circum-
stance of a hen flying upon the booth and immediately fall-
ing down dead.
Notwithstanding the protest of Miss Gibson, that it was
very dangerous to do so, we went inside of the brush struc-
ture and examined the rock and came out unharmed.
We were further informed that Mr. Gibson had sue-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 283
ceeded in surrounding his own person and residence with
such a halo of sacredness in the minds of the natives, that
they always entered his house on their hands and knees.
This was repeated on other occasions. It was the old
customary way in which the natives had been in the habit
of paying their respects to their kings, and the custom had
been revived by Mr. Gibson in order to increase his personal
prestige.
We had previously learned that the Saints would assem-
ble in conference on the sixth of April. At ten o'clock a. m.,
they had assembled in the meeting house. We all started to
go in, when Mr. Gibson made some excuse for returning to his
house. We went in and took our seats on the stand. The
house was well filled. Jn a few minutes Mr. Gibson made his
appearance. As soon as he entered the door, the entire con-
gregation instantly arose to their feet and remained standing
until he was seated on the stand. The execution of this act
of reverence evinced long and careful training.
Mr. Gibson had doubtless delayed his entrance to make
a fitting opportunity for this exhibition. He entirely ignored
the presence of the Apostles, and, after the people were seated,
arose and gave out the opening hymn. This act ga\e evi-
dence at once that he had no proper idea of the organization
and authority of the Priesthood. Seeing this, President Ben-
son called on me to pray.
Without giving any time for consultation, as soon as the
second hymn was sung, Mr. Gibson arose to his feet and com-
menced to address the congregation, in substance, as follows:
" My dear red-skinned brethren, sisters and friends. I pre-
sume you are all wondering and anxious to know why these
strangers have come so suddenly among us, without giving us
any notice of their coming. I, will assure you of one thing,
my red-skinned friends, when I find out, I will be sure to let
you know, for I am your father, and will protect you in your
rights. These strangers may say they are your friends; but
284 BIOGRAPHY AXD
let me remind you how, when they lived here, years ago, they
lived upon your scanty substance. Did they make any such
improvements as you see I have made? Did I not come here
and find you without a father, poor and discouraged? Did
I not gather you together here, and make all these improve-
ments that you to-day enjoy? Now you, my red-skinned
friends, must decide who your friend and father is, whether it
is these strangers or I who have done so much for you."
When he took his seat, President Benson requested
Brother Joseph F. Smith to talk, rather intimating that it was
desirable to speak on general principles, and that he need not
feel bound to notice all that Mr. Gibson had said.
It seemed impossible for any man to speak with greater
power and demonstration of the Spirit. He referred the
Saints to the labors of Brother George Q. Cannon and the
first Elders who brought them the Gospel. He reminded
them of facts with which the older members were well
acquainted — the great disadvantage the Elders labored under,
and the privations they suffered in first preaching the Gospel
on the islands. How they slept in their miserable huts and
lived as they lived ; how they traveled on foot in storms and
in bad weather, from village to village, and from house to
house, exposing health and life. How they went destitute of
clothing, and what they had been in the habit of considering
the necessaries of life, to bring to them the blessings of the
Gospel, without money and without price.
He asked by what right Mr. Gibson called himself the
father of the people, and the Elders who faithfully labored to
establish them in the Gospel, strangers.
The spirit and power that accompanied Brotlier Smith's
remarks astonished the Saints and opened their eyes. They
began to see how they had been imposed upon. Every word
he spoke found a response in their hearts, as was plainly
manifest by their eager looks and animated countenances.
There was another meeting in the afternoon, in which
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 285
Apostles Benson and Snow addressed the Saints. The
remarks were interpreted by Elder Joseph F. Smith.
On the seventh, there was a meeting in the forenoon. A
Priesthood meeting was appointed for the evening, and the
conference adjourned sine die.
The meeting of ,the Priesthood in the evening was well
attended, as it was understood that Mr. Gibson's course would
be investigated. The complaints that were made by the
native Elders, in the communication that led to our present
mission, were read, and Mr. Gibson was called on to make
answer to the charges.
In addition to nearly a repetition of his harangue at the
meeting on the day previous, his reply consisted of a bom-
bastic display of some letters of appointment and recom-
mendations from President Young, to which he attached
large seals, bedecked with a variety of colored ribbons, to
give them an air of importance and official significance, in the
eyes of the unsophisticated natives. These papers lie held up
before the people, and, pointing to them, said, with great
emphasis, "Here is my authority, which I received direct
from President Brigham Young. I don't hold myself
accountable to these men!" meaning the Apostles and those
who come with them. Had there been no other proof of the
wrong course of Mr. Gibson, that remark was sufficient to
satisfy the brethren what their plain duty was, and they acted
promptly in the matter.
Apostle E. T. Benson followed Mr. Gibson. He reviewed
Mr. Gibson's past course, and showed that, in making merchan-
dise of the offices of the Priesthood, introducing the former
pagan superstitions of the people, for the purpose of obtaining
power, and his idea of establishing a temporal and indepen-
dent kingdom on the Pacific isles, were all in antagonism to
the plan laid down in the Gospel for the redemption of man.
The spirit manifested by Mr, Gibson proved that he was
ignorant of the powers of the Priesthood, or that he ignored
286 BIOGRAPHY AND
them for purely selfish motives. What they had seen and
heard since their arrival, proved that the complaints made by
the native Elders, in their letters to Utah, were correct, as far
as they went, but the half had not been tol^i.
Brother Benson's remarks were interpreted, after which
it was motioned that Mr. Gibson's course be disapproved.
When this was put to a vote, all but one of the native Elders
voted against the motion. This showed that Mr. Gibson still
retained a strong hold on the minds of the Saints.
Notwithstanding this show of strong opposition, Brother
Snow arose, and in his remarks prophesied that Mr. Gibson
would see the time that not one of the Saints would remain
with him.
Brother J. F. Smith remarked that among the scores of
Elders who had labored on the islands, none had been so
utterly wanting in the spirit and power of the Gospel as to
charge the Saints anything for conferring on them the
blessings of the Priesthood, until Walter M. Gibson came, and
had the presumption to claim that he had a right to ordain
Apostles and High Priests for a price — for money.
The Apostles informed Mr. Gibson and the Saints that,
when they left the islands for home. Elder Joseph F. Smith
would be left in charge of the mission. That all those who
wished to be considered in good standing in the Church,
should leave Lanai and return to their homes on the other
islands, where the branches would be re-organized and set in
order by the brethren who would be left for that purpose.
The next day we returned to Lahaina, where we held a council,
and cut Mr. Gibson off from the Church. We returned to
Honolulu, and about eight days after, Apostles Snow and
Benson took passage on the bark Onward, for San Francisco.
Brother Snow's prophecy was literally fuUilled. The
Saints all left Mr. Gibson, and returned to their former homes,
as they had been counseled to do. All the plans of Mr. Gibson
were completely frustrated. He is a prominent example of
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 287
the nothingness of man, when he attempts to battle against
the Kingdom of God.
The following is from Brother Snow's- journal: On our
return from the Sandwich Islands, the captain of the ship on
which we sailed, whom we appreciated as a social, polite,
matter-of-fact gentleman, invited us to deliver a "Mormon"
discourse on board, to which we cheerfully assented. On
Sunday morning, the weather being fine, the sea calm, the
atmosphere fresh and balmy, the stately ship moving grace-
fully over the water, propelled by its iuM'^ard force — the
mystical power of steam — we notilied the captain that we
were ready to respond to his invitation. Accordingly, the
officers, crew and passengers assembled on the deck, 'inspired
with curiosity to hear the "Mormons." Brother Benson
insisted on my doing the preaching, to wliich I consented, and
had great liberty in explaining our faith and the principles of
the everlasting Gospel. Although I may not have convinced
any of them of the truth and fulness of the Gospel, and of
its present existence on the earth, they all listened with
marked attention to my discourse, and all seemed pleased and
entertd,ined, with one exception, viz: a Presbyterian clergy-
man who was present manifesting great uneasiness and dis-
pleasure by dark expressions of countenance and various
contortions of his features and body.
After a favorable voyage on the Pacific, we arrived safely
in San Francisco. San Francisco is proverbial for its fine com-
modious restaurants. When in that city, I partook of refresh-
ments in one which has the reputation of seating at once one
thousand people. A miniature indoor railway was so con-
structed as to carry, in carriages, dishes of food and empty
dishes, forward and back, all around this i-mmense hall. The
noise and clatter produced by this operation is not particularly
soothing and musical to a delicate and refined ear, and more
especially not very much so to a highly sensitive nervous
organization.
288 BIOGRAPHY AND
I had, in a few instances in my life, experienced the sen-
sation produced by slight earthquakes, but not of those of any
considerable magnitude. One day in San Francisco, while
sitting at the table, enjoying the good things provided in one
of these magnificent halls of entertainment, all of a sudden
a very singular sensation came over me, for which I could not
decipher the cause. At the same moment I imagined a
heaving or rocking motion of the floor, as if the foundation
was giving way. Immediately the people arose from the
tables and rushed to the door. Not comprehending the cause
of the sudden excitement and confusion, I arose to follow the
excited multitude, still ignorant of what was up, and, of
course, anxious to learn. Approaching the gentleman who
stood still in his usual place to receive pay from his custom-
ers, I thought he appeared to be vexed. Passing him my
change, I begged him lo explain to me the cause of the abrupt
evacuation. "An earthquake!" he ejaculated. And as I was
the only customer remaining, I attributed his vexation to the
fact that the multitude rushed out minus paying their bills.
But the earthquake proved to be of destructive magnitude —
sufficiently so to satisfy my curiosity. Much injury was done,
not only to the restaurant so suddenly vacated, but to many
other buildings.
The president of the Western Telegraph Company
procured for Elder Benson and myself, and for our baggage,
a free pass through to Salt Lake City; for which unsolicited
favor we felt very grateful.
I was very favorably impressed with the wonderful
beauty, the lovely scenery and magnificent foliage which I
saw, and the sweet, balmy, healthful air I experienced while
in Honolulu. But -my attention and admiration were more
deeply and more interestedly attracted toward the people of
that city of the isles, and those of the adjacent islands — I
mean those who were members of the Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-day Saints. Their fidelity and faith in the Gospel,
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 289
their childlike simplicity and warm affection for their teachers,
impressed me with a great interest and love for them. In
fact, so much that on my return to Salt Lake, in a prolonged
conversation with President Young, I plead with him, by the
deepest and strongest feelings of my heart, not to slacken his
interest, nor withhold from continuing his former generous
and benevolent plans in relation to that field of missionary
labor. I told him that if I were twenty years younger, and
should the Presidency think proper to invest me with the
privilege of selecting the field for my missionary work to
continue for twenty years, I would prefer to spend those
years among the good, simple, warm-hearted natives of those
islands,
I was prompted to say this and more, in consequence of
fearing, from some remarks of his during the conversation,
that he felt inclined through discouragement arising from
the difficulties at this time affecting that mission, to doubt
the propriety of applying time, means and missionary labor
in that direction, as formerly.
Subsequent history proves my brother Lorenzo's fears,
relative to the Sandwich Islands, groundless, as will be seen
by a letter which will be compiled in this work, written by a
son-in-law, who, with his family, is now on a mission to those
isles of the sea.
21
290 BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
Lorenzo's gigantic movement. — In accordance with President Young's sug-
gestion.— A social monument. — To be perpetuated. — Letter to Bishop
Lunt. — Mercantile and Manufacturing Association. — Eflfort requisite. —
First, Merchandise. — Second, Tannery. — Third, Woolen Factory. —
Fourth, Dairy. — Fifth, a Horn Stock Herd. — Agricultural Department. —
Hat Factory. — Between thirty and forty industrial branches. — Furnigh
employment for all. — Form of checks. — Labor received for capital stock.
— Organization of the Association. — Directors. — Council.
'HE great work, designed to bring into exercise the
gigantic powers, and exhibit Lorenzo in a higher
sphere of practical engineering as an organizer, states-
man and financier, was yet to come.
Prompt to the suggestion of President Brigham Young,
in an order designed to firmly cement the bonds of union
among the Latter-day Saints, thereby laying a foundation for
mutual self support and independence, through a combina-
tion of temporal and spiritual interests, founded on a co-op-
erative basis, Hercules-like, Lorenzo put his shoulder to, the
wheel, and, although he saw at a glance th§ magnitude of the
undertaking, that it required almost superhuman skill and
the labor of years, with him duty was the watchword, and
success the ultimatum. Results have shown that no ditficul-
ties were too great for him to encounter, and no achievement
too ponderous for his grasp.
Generations hence, when its illustrious founder shall be
sleeping with the fathers, Brigham City will be an unique,
interesting subject for the study of the sociologist, and the
review of the historian. It will stand as an example of a city
that grew up on a pure co-operative plan; it will prove that
social commonwealths are possible; and it will historically
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 291
perpetuate to the Latter-day Saints themselves the order that
the Prophet Joseph revealed as the basis of a millennial
society. Truly is Brigham City a great social monument of
the age. Its venerable founder is worthy of immortality for
the social problems he has solved for our latter day Zion; and
the people who have so nobly wrought with him are worthy
of remembrance in the pages of history.
In the following letters the reader will find a condensed
history of the United Order of Brigham City, which shows
the work of great inventive skill, the power and strength of
union and concert, combined with unabated perseverance and
unwavering faith in God.
Notwithstanding a series of calamities have, for a time,
partly suspended the combined operations of this model
system of co-operation, the very satisfactory point to which it
has attained, and the beneficial results of the workings of the
combination, are proof of the practicability of its success.
Beigitam City, October, 1876.
Bishop Lunt, Cedar City:
In accordance with your request, I send you the follow-
ing brief account of the rise, progress and present condition
of "Brigham City Mercantile and Manufacturing Association."
We commenced over twelve years ago by organizing a
mercantile department, which consisted of four stockholders,
myself included, with a capital of about three thousand
dollars. The dividends were paid in store goods, amounting,
usually, to about twenty-five per cent, per annum.
As this enterprise prospered, we continued to receive
capital stock, also adding new names to the list of stock-
holders, until we had a surplus of capital, or means, and suc-
ceeded in uniting the interests of the people and securing
their patronage. We resolved, then, to commence home
industries and receive our dividends, if any, in the articles
produce d.
292 BIOGRAPHY AND
Similar fears and notions were entertained by the stock-
holders when this was proposed as you stated agitated the
minds of your capitalists, viz: a possible diminution of
dividends. It required some effort on the part of our stock-
holders to reconcile their feelings with a knowledge of their
duty and obligations as Elders of Israel and servants of God.
A good spirit, however, prevailed, and a desire to build up
^ the Kingdom of God, and work for the interests of the people,
outweighed all selfish considerations; hence, consent was
-granted by all the stockholders to establish home industries
and draw dividends in the kinds produced.
We erected a tannery building, two stories, 45x80, with
modern improvements and conveniences, at a cost of ^10,000
(ten thousand). Most of the materials, mason and carpenter
work were furnished as capital, stock by such persons as were
able and desired an interest in our institution.
The larger portion of this work was done in the winter
season, when no other employment could be had, one-fourth
being paid in merchandise to such as needed. We gained, by
this measure, additional capital, as well as twenty or thirty
new stockholders, without encroaching much on any one's
property or business. This tannery has been operated during
the past nine years with success and reasonable profits, pro-
ducing an excellent quality of leather, from $8,000 to $10,000
(eight thousand to ten thousand) annually. We connected
with this branch of industry a boot and shoe shop; also, a
saddle and harness shop, drawing our dividends in the articles
manufactured in those departments.
Our next enterprise was the establishing of a woolen
factory, following the same course as in putting up the tan-
nery— procuring the building materials, doing the mason and
carpenter work in the season when laborers would otherwise
have been unemployed. This, also, added to our capital —
increasing the number of our stockholders without interrupt-
ng any man's business. The profits of the mercantile
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 293
department, with some additional capital, purchased the
machinery. During the past seven years this factory has done
a satisfactory business, and we have not been necessitated to
close for lack of wool, winter or summer, and have manufac-
tured about $40,000 (forty thousand) worth of goods annually.
This establishment, with its appurtenances, cost about $35,000
(thirty-five thousand).
With the view of probable difficulty in obtaining wool,
we now siarted a sheep herd, commencing with fifteen hun-
dred head, supplied by various individuals who could spare
them, as capital stock. They now number five thousand, and
prove a great help to our factory in times like these, when
money is scarce, and cash demanded for wool.
Our next business was the establishment of a dairy; and,
having selected a suitable ranch, we commenced with sixty
cows; erected some temporary buildings, making a small
investment in vats, hoops, presses, etc., all of which have been
gradually improved till, perhaps, now it is the finest, best and
most commodious of any dairy in this Territory. The past
two years we have had five hundred milch cows, producing,
each season, in the neighborhood of $8,000 (eight thousand)
in butter, cheese and pork.
Next we started a horn stock herd, numbering, at present,
one thousand, which supplies, in connection with the sheep
herd, a meat market, owned by our association.
We have a horticultural and agricultural department, the
latter divided into several branches, each provided with an
experienced overseer.
Also, we have a hat factory, in which are produced all
our fur and wool hats. We make our tinware — have a
pottery, broom, brush, and molasses, factory, a shingle mill
and two saw mills, operated by water power, and one steam
saw mill; and also blacksmith, tailor and furniture depart-
ments, and one for putting up and repairing wagons and car-
riages.
294 BIOGRAPHY AND
We have a large two-story adobie building, occupied by
machinery for wood turning, planing, and working mould-
ings, operated by water power.
We have established a cotton farm of one hundred and
twenty-five acres, in the southern part of the Territory, for the
purpose of supplying warps to our woolen factory, where we
maintain a colony of about twenty young men. This enter-
prise was started about two years ago, and has succeeded
beyond our expectations. The first year, besides making
improvements in building, making dams, constructing water
sects, setting out trees, planting vineyards, plowing, scraping,
leveling and preparing the ground, they raised a large crop of
cotton, which produced in the neighborhood of seventy
thousand yards of warp. More than double that amount has
been raised this season.
. We have a department for manufacturing straw hats, in
which we employ from fifteen to twenty girls. Last year we
employed twenty-five girls in our dairy, and have them in con-
stant employ in our millinery and tailoring departments, also
in making artificial flowers — as hat and shoe binders — as
weavers in our woolen mills, and clerks in our mercantile
department.
Many of our young men and boys are now learning
trades, their parents being highly pleased that they are being
furnished employment at home, rather than going abroad,
subject to contract bad habits and morals.
We have erected a very elegant building, two stories,
32x63 feet; the upper part devoted to a seminary, and the
lower occupied as a dancing hall. I have considered it of the
highest importance to the interest of our community, to pro-
vide for and encourage suitable diversions and amusements.
We have a department of carpenters and one of masons,
embracing all in the city of that class of workmen.
Our association now comprises between thirty and forty
industrial branches — a superintendent over each, who is res
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 295
ponsible to the general superintendent for its proper and
judicious management. The accounts of each department
are kept separate and distinct — stock' taken annually — sepa-
rate statements and balance sheets made out and kept by the
secretary of the association, so that the gain or loss of each
may be ascertained and known at the end of the year, or
oftener if required. At the close of each year a balance sheet
is made from the several statements, giving a perfect exhibit
of the business. From this exhibit a dividend on the invest-
ments or capital stock is declared. The profit or loss of each
department, of course, is shared equally by the stockholders.
We aim to furnish every person employment, wishing to
work; and pay as high wages as possible — mostly in home
products. The past two or three years we have paid our
employees five-sixths in home products and one-sixth in
imported merchandise, amounting in aggregate, at trade rates,
to about §160,000 (one hundred and sixty thousand). In the
year 1875 the value of products, in trade rates, from all our
industries, reached about §260,000 (two hundred and sixty
thousand). All these figures which I give you indicate our
trade prices, which are less subject to change than when
arranged on a cash basis.
The employees in the various departments are paid-
weekly, at the secretary's office, in two kinds of scrip; one of
which is redeemed at our mercantile department, the other is
good and redeemed at our various manufacturing depart-
ments. These checks are printed on good, strong paper, in
the form of bills, from five cents up to tvVenty dollars, and
constitute the principal currency in circulation.
Through this medium of exchange our employees pro-
cure their breadstuffs, pork, mutton, beef, vegetables, clothing,
boots and shoes, building materials, such as lumber, shingles,
lath, lime, adobies, brick, etc., and pay their masons and car-
penters, school bills, admission to concerts, theatres, lectures;
also pay for Deseret News, Salt Lake Herald and Juvenile
296 BIOGRAPHY AND
Instructor, etc., besides many other things that are unnecessary
to mention.
The following is the form of our checks: First class —
No.
Brigham City Mercantile and Manufacturing Association.
Good for In Merchandise. Secretary.
Second class —
No. $
Brigham City Mercantile and Manufacturing Association.
Good for
Payable at our retail trade prices, in an assortment of
Home Manufactures.
N. B. — Good only to stockholders and employees of Brigham City.
Secretary.
Last year it cost $30,000 (thirty thousand) cash to carry
on our business; half of this was paid to employees, in
imported merchandise, one-sixth of their wages, the other for
imported material, such as iron, horse shoes, nails, furniture,
boot and shoe trimmings, paints, dye-stuffs, warps, etc., neces-
. sary in our business.
Labor is received from employees for capital stock, and
dividends paid in home products, averaging about twelve per
cent per annum, since starting our home industries.
•Trusting this brief review will satisfy your inquiries, I
close with the most sincere and heartfelt wish that you may
prosper and succeed in establishing principles of union and
brotherhood in the hearts of your people.
Respectfully,
Lorenzo Snow.
The following shows the elaborate organization of the
grand systematic co-operative order which combines the faith,
wisdom, intelligence, means, skill, labor, effort and enterprise
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 297
of many in one general interest. Names of the officers:
Original directors — Lorenzo Snow, president; Samuel Smith,
Abraham Hunsaker, Alvin Nichols, .James Pett, H. P. Jensen,
G. W. Ward, J. D. Reese, W. L. Watkins, secretary. United
Order Council — Lorenzo Snow, Samuel Smith, Alvin Nichols,
H. P. Jensen, William Box,-John Welch, James Bywater, N.
C. Mortensen, A. Hillam, I. Jeppason, L. Mortensen, W.
Wrighton, John Christensen, J. M. Jensen, G. W. Ward, M. L.
Ensign, J. C. Wright, Mads C. Jensen, S. N. Lee, J. C. Nielson,
David Boothe, Ephraim Wight, Paul Stork, Jacob Jensen,
Carlos Loveland, John Johnson, B. Morris Young, R. L. Fish-
burn, 0. N. Stohl, Alexander Baird, Abraham Hunsaker,
Oliver G. Snow, J. I). Burt, Charles Ivelley, James Pett, ILenry
Tingey, Adolph Madsen, L. C. Christensen, William Horsley,
T. H. Wilde, George Reader, A. Christensen, P. F. Madsen,
H. E. Bowring, Elijah A. Box, William L. Watkins, N. H.
Nelson, P. A. Forsgren, A. A. .Jansen, Willard Hansen, Neils
Madsen, Jr., P. C. Jensen, Lucius A. Snow, Lars A. Larsen,
Jonah Evans, Neils Madsen, J. D. Reese, J. C. Wixom, C.
Hansen, Charles Wight, George Facer, F. Hansen.
298 BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER XXXIX.
All was flourishing.— Attaining to independence. — Factory burned. — Sent a
chill to Lorenzo's heart. — Instead of discouragement it was proof of tho
strength of their compact. — Everywhere manifest, even in the Children.
— Union could not be broken. — Impregnability of their Order. — Deseret
News speaks. — Commendatory. — Sympathy. — Calamity is proof of the
strength of the Co-operative system. — Determination to rebuild.
HILE everything in connection with the United Order
was in a flourishing condition, and the people,
through their extensive departments of home indus-
tries, were fast attaining to a comparative state of indepen-
dence, in tlie providence of God a serious calamity befel
them, 'j'heir woolen factory, one of their most productive
and important departments, with all it contained, was des-
troyed by fire, which will elsewhere be fully explained.
After all the deep study, intense anxiety, constant labor
and long-continued watchfulness in behalf of the interests of
the people dependent on the success of their united efforts,
the burning of their factory, although at the instant it sent a
chill to his heart, was proof to Lorenzo of the power and
strength of their grand compact. Instead of discouragement,
misfortune actually seemed to draw the people more closely
together, and more firmly cement the bonds of union.
This principle was everywhere apparent — even actuating
the little children, as was shown in instances when little girls
and boys, of their own accord, came forward with the small
fractional moneys they had been carefully saving for Christ-
mas, saying, " Wc will give it to Brother Snow to help build
another factory.'^ Children, with few exceptions, are an index
to the parents, and the foregoing little incident goes far to
illustrate the general feeling in Brigham City after the burn-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 299
ing. Their subsequent losses, although heavy, and aggra-
vated by injustice and oppression, had not sufficient power
to disrupt the bond of union in which those people were
linked iogether. By the help of the Almighty they had
constructed a fortress that was proof against calamity, and
impregnable to the common vicissitudes of human life, for
the vital reason — it teas founded and conducted on eternal j^rin-
ciples.
Relative to this subject, tlie Deserei News expressed as
follows:
"The intelligence of the destruction, by the devouring
element, a few days since, of the Brighara City woolen factory,
caused a general profound feeling of regret and sympathy in
the minds of the Latter-day Saints. That little community
in the northern part of the Terrritory have been engaged, for
a little over a dozen years, in demonstrating a principle of
intense importance — the feasibility of a self-sustaining co-oper-
ative policy. In this direction they stand in advance of the
people of the entire West. In fact, considering the numerous
disadvantages under which they have labored, we doubt if a
more satisfactory development of material interests exists
anywhere on this globe.
"The eyes of the Latter-day Saints have been turned in
the direction of the people of Brigham City, and their co-oper-
ative system has been watched perhaps more closely than
was imagined. It was thought that the burning of their
excellent factory would retard the development of their home
industrial pursuits, and delay the further demonstration of
the great truth that a community, even a small one, can
exist and flourish in a condition of measurable indepen-
dence of the changes and fluctuations in operation out-
side of it. Apparent misfortunes are, however, not deficient
of benefit. This seeming calamity exhibits, perhaps as much
as any other circumstance could, the extraordinary vitality
and consequent power existing in a comparatively united
300 BIOGRAPHY AND
coinmunity, whose business is done on a co-operative mutual
protective system.
"Nothing daunted, those good people, inspired by the
example of their leaders and advisers, and by the spirit of
the Gospel say, 'We will build another factory,' and at once
commence to carry their commendable resolution into effect.
"Coupled with this determination, is another to provide
labor and the means of subsistence, in the meantime, for the
operatives thrown out of employment by the burning of the
factory.
"Such a community shows its independence in the true
sense of the word; and every right thinking person cannot do
otherwise than wish such a people well.
"We understand there are between forty and fifty home
industrial branches of business carried on under the Brigham
City co-operative system."
CHAPTER XL.
Dedication day.— Fourth of July.— Gratitude and[thanksgiving.— More tlian
two thousand liad suffered loss. — In six months the Factory is rebuilt.
—Great rejoicing.— Dedicatory prayer. — Address. — Speeches. — Brigham
City M. and M. Association. — A raid. — Railroad contract. — How a village
sprang up. — An onslaught. — Confusion ensues. — The Grand Jury issues
indictments. — Men drove to jail in a herd.— Great excitement. — Superin-
tendent Dunn speaks. — John Merrill in custody. — Handcuffed. — Chained
in jail. — Telegrams from the United States President. — How the Judge
received them.— More about Merrill. — Left unguarded and unacquitted.
— About the mill. — Dishonesty of Jurors. — Financial loss.
N the fourth of July, 1878, just six months after the
calamitous conflagration, the Box Elder people, by
their united efforts, indomitable energy and enter-
prise, had erected another factory building — 48x80 feet, two
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 301
stories high, and nearly fireproof and more substantial and
commodious than its predecessor. They also had purchased
and put in running order an improved set of machinery.
Our national da3% the fourth of July, was chosen for the dedi-
cation, and the entire day, from early dawn, was, by men,
women and children, devoted to gayety, mirth, congratula-
tions and expressions of gratitude and thankfulness to Him
who overrules the destinies of nations, and whose watchful
care is ever extended to His people.
More than two thousand of those people were suflPerers
in the loss of their factory, and on this day a feeling of
recompense and remuneration warmed and cheered the most
desponding heart. It is utterly impossible for any disinter-
ested person to appreciate the satisfaction of the good people
of Brigham City and vicinity on this occasion. The repro-
duction of one of the most remunerative and important
branches, which constituted their independence, was calcu-
lated to inspire every heart with gratitude to the Giver of all
good, for the marvelous success with which He thus far had
crowned their efforts in overcoming difficulties which at first
seemed insurmountable.
We shall not attempt a description of the general exer-
cises of the day — the mammoth procession, the huge floating
flags and waving banners, and the brilliant, profuse decora-
tions}; suffice it to say the dedicatory services were performed
in the factory building, which was filled to overflowing.
Lorenzo Snow, president of the association, offered the dedi-
catory prayer, delivered the opening address, and was fol-
lowed by others, all interspersed with singing by the Brigham
City choir, and music by the bands. The assembly was dis-
missed by prayer.
So rapidly had the Brigham City Mercantile and Manu-
facturing Association increased in wealth, influence and pop.u-
larity, that a strong feeling of envy, jealousy and avarice,
the outgrowth of political aims and financial cupidity in the
302 BIOGRAPHY AND
hearts of Gentile officials and unscrupulous apostates, broke
out in one of the most flagrant raids ever concocted.
After the heavy loss the association suffered by the burn-
ing of their woolen factory, estimated at thirty thousand dol-
lars in cash, being in great need of funds to liquidate cash
indebtedness, incurred in rebuilding their, factory, purchas-
ing new machinery, etc., they took a large contract on the
Utah Northern Railroad, then in progress of construction
through Idaho, to furnish supplies of timber, ties, shingles
and lumber, to meet demands. It was a gigantic contract,
and they immediately shaped their plans to ;neet emergen-
cies. They purchased a saw mill and shingle mill in Marsh
Valley, Idaho, and moved to that place their steam saw mill,
from Box Elder County. They employed about one hundred
men in the various departments of labor, also a number of
women, who assisted as cooks.
The arrangements were so made with Mr. Dunn, the con-
struction superintendent of the railroad, that the furnishing
contract might be extended to an indefinite length, or as long
as the furnishing party wished; in view of this, it was requi-
site that the laborers employed should be made comfortable
as practicable, so as to continue work during the winter
months. Accordingly, log and frame houses were erected —
shanties, sheds, stables, stack-yards and corrals were built;
and the locatioh presented the appearance of a village formed
for comfort, of no inconsiderable dimensions, and not entirely
devoid of taste.
There the association kept a small store, from which the
employees supplied their wants. In fact, the entire concern
was so complete in its organization, and so systematically con-
ducted, that everything moved like clockwork, honorably
representative of the institution by which it was inaugurated.
Superintendent Dunn was highly pleased with the prompti-
tude with which his bills were filled and his calls answered.
He was furnished from twelve thousand to fifteen thousand
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 303
feet of lumber or timber per day, besides a large quantity of
ties.
For several months this satisfactory order of things con-
tinued, much to the advantage of the railroad as well as to
the prospects of the co-operative establishment, when, sud-
denly, without any premonition, like a tremendous avalanche,
a mobocratic raid, instituted by the grand jury and sustained
by an unprincipled judge, a Methodist minister, Hollister by
name, changed the scene, and an indescribable pell-mell and
confusion ensued.
In October, 1878, the grand jury, composed mostly of
apostates from the Church of Latter-day Saints, sat in Malad
City, and conniving against the interests of the co-operative
efforts of the Saints, got up indictments against the laborers
at the mills for unlawfulbj catting timber. Fifty-three of the
men were simultaneously arrested and driven, like a herd of
cattle, fifteen miles to Malad City, and the mills were ordered
to be shut down.
Then, instead of peace and thriving industry, all was
consternation and disorder among the workmen, and great
excitement spread everywhere abroad. The men who were
not arrested were every moment apprehensive of the marshal
pouncing upon them; some concealed themselves in the
woods, some under hay stacks, while others made steps for
their homes as fast as possible. Thus the camp was broken
up, the villagers scattered to the four winds, and the busi-
ness prospects closed.
Although these difficulties were settled, as will be shown
hereafter, it was not till winter had set in, and the people
gone to their homes, many having entered into other engage-
ments, etc.; and thus the anticipated resources were gone, but
not without heavy losses.
In order to show the villainy of the instigators and con-
ductors of that fiendish raid, we will take one specimen, for
instance: Elder John Merrill, who had charge of one of the
304 BIOGRAPHY AND
mills, and had not cut one tree, was arrested by indictment
o£ the grand jury, for cutting seventeen thousand trees, and
was sentenced to pay a tine of §13,800 and three months' con-
finement in jail. The construction superintendent of rail-
road said to Mr. Merrill: "You shall not go to jail; I would
bond the radroad rather than you should goT But all to no pur-
pose; the trial was a humbug — an immense crowd of wit-
nesses were called, and no one had seen Mr. Merrill cut a
tree. After the sentence was pronounced, he was placed in
charge of the United vStates marshal, handcuffed, chained to
another prisoner and lodged in Malad jail.
The following telegrams speak for themselves:
From Oneida County, October 13th, 1878.
To Judge Hmiih, Brigham City:
Merrill's fine, thirteen thousand eight hundred dollars —
three months imprisonment. Your son, eighteen hundred
dollars and nine months imprisonment. The judge refuses
parties as bail having less than five thousand dollars real
estate. We cannot raise the bail here.
[Signed] Washington Dunn.
Oneida, Idaho, October 18, 1878.
Judge Smith, Brigham City:
Jay Gould says theU. S. President will remit fine and
imprisonment.
[Signed] Washington Dunn.
Salt Lake, October 18, 1878.
Judge Smith, Brigham. City:
Received the following last night: "I have arranged with
the Attorney-General to pay the value of timber taken for
the U. N. R. R., and the fines and sentences will be remitted
by the President of the U. S. Jay Gould."
[Signed] Williams & Young.
k
autobiography. 305
New York, October 24, 1878.
Judge Smith, Brigham City:
The President has ordered the lumber men released and
fines remitted.
[Signed] Joe Richardson.
Oneida, October 24th, 1878.
Has Merrill been released? If not, where is he?
[Signed] Washington Dunn.
On receipt of the foregoing telegrams, the judge ignored
the authority of the President, saying that President Hayes
had no jurisdiction in the case — that it belonged to the Sec-
retary of the Interior, Carl Schurz; and finding himself in an
awkward and embarrassing dilemma, this policy judge, being
destitute of sufficient noble manhood to acknowledge and
honor a defeat, instead of dismissing those cases ^nd dis-
charging those under indictment, he affected to disregard the
telegrams and resorted to base subterfuges, conniving with his
mobocratic clan; and all of those indictments remained for
years as so many foul blots on the judicial docket. At length
they were expunged by order of the court.
On Sunday, four or five days after the receipt of the
despatch to set the prisoners free, the United States marshal
took Elder Merrill from Malad jail, and, pretending he was
taking him to Boise in conformity to the verdict of the judge,
stopped in Corinne, sixty miles from Malad, after dark, when,
after Mr. Merrill stepped out of the carriage and proposed to
assist in taking care of the horses, the marshal gruffly replied,
" No, I'll see to them myself," and drove oflf, leaving his pris-
oner standing alone, unguarded and unacquitted.
The mill, which the Brigham City Mercantile and Manu-
facturing Association purchased in Marsh Valley, had been
in operation there twelve years before the purchase; and,
after the raid, the foreman of the jury bought it of the asso-
22
306 BIOGRAPHY AND
elation at half price, and has kept it running from that time,
supplied from the same woodland, which proves his egregious
dishonesty as a juror.
• It was understood, and those raiders must have been cog-
nizant of the fact, that the government not only granted the
right of way, but also the right of timber for building the
railroad, and that the section under controversy was included.
Irrespective of the anxieties, disappointments and embar-
rassments resulting from that unhallowed onslaught, the
financial loss which the association suffered amounted to from
six thousand to eight thousand dollars.
CHAPTER XLI. .
To President F. D. Richards. — Burning of the woolen factory. — In thirty
minutes all consumed. — Fojebodings that the people would be dis-
couraged.— Fears unfounded.— What was done within six months. — The
people superior to the loss. — A raid follows the fire. — An unlawful tax
follows the raid. — Statement of losses. — Business curtailed. — Checks
canceled. — Eleven industrial departments in operation. — The mercantile
flourishing. — Confidence preserved.
'HE following recital of loss by fire, followed by the
most unwarranted hostility against the hitherto suc-
* cessful enterprise of the conjoint organization, illus-
trates beyond what continued prosperity could do, the strength
of union, and the genuine confidence cherished by those con-
stituting the United Order:
Brigham City, November 1st, 1879.
President F. D. Bichards:
The deep interest you have taken in our efforts to unite
the people of Brigham City, in their financial interests,
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 307
induces me now to give you a statement of some of our misfor-
tunes and difficulties against which we have been struggling.
Two years ago to-day, about two o'clock in the morning,
we were aroused from our slumbers by the ringing of bells
and startling cries of Fire!, Fire! Fire! Our woolen factory was
all in flames, and in less than thirty minutes the whole estab-
lishment, with its entire contents of machinery, wool, warps
and cloth lay in ashes.
This involved a cash loss of over $30,000 (thirty thous-
and). While viewing the building, as it was rapidly con-
suming, my mind became exercised with painful thoughts
and reflections, whether the people would survive the severe
pressure which would bear upon them through this unforeseen
calamity, or lose heart and courage in supporting our prin-
ciples of union. These misgivings, however, were unfounded,
for the people resolved at once to try again, and went to
work with a hearty good will, and, by extraordinary exertion,
in less than six months had erected another factory, and had
it in operation, superior to the one destroyed.
But this involved us in a large indebtedness. In view of
liquidating this liability, we engaged a large contract to sup-
ply timber and lumber to the Utah & Northern Railroad,
incurring a heavy expense in procuring a saw mill in Marsh
Valley, Idaho, and moving there also our steam saw mill.
We were employing one hundred men — everything moving
along prosperously, when, suddenly, through influence of
apostates, aided by a mobocratic judge, a raid ^yas made upon
our camps, fifty of our workmen were arrested and imprisoned,
and our operations stopped. And, although the embargo on
our business was withdrawn, and the men liberated by order
of the President of the United States, through the influence
of Jay Gould, it came too late; thus we ,were compelled to
abandon this enterprise, sell our saw mill for one-half its
value, and move back our steam mill, etc., the whole involving
an expense and loss of over |6,000 (six thousand), besides the
308 BIOGRAPHY AND *"
vexation in our disappointments in raising the money to pay-
cur indebtedness.
The following July, a tax of $10,200 (ten thousand two
hundred) was levied on our scrip by 0. J. Hollister, United
States assessor and collector of internal revenue. Though
illegal, unjust and highly absurd, the payment could not be
avoided; therefore we borrowed the money and paid the
assessment.
Through these and other unfortunate occurrences, we
• became greatly embarrassed in our business. This embarrass-
ment, as may be seen, is not the result of the natural pressure
of the times, nor of the financial crisis which has broken up
thousands of banking institutions and business firms through-
out the world, neither that of mismanagement, nor any defect
in our systems of operations; but, as before mentioned, it has
been brought about through a succession of calamities unpar-
alleled in the experience of any business firm in this or any
other Territory.
The following is a showing of our losses, including the
assessment, all occurring in the space of about nine months:
Crops destroyed by grasshoppers, - - $ 4,C00
Crops destroyed by drought, - - - 3,000
Burning of woolen mills, - - 30,000
Losses in Idaho, - - - - 6,000
By assessment on scrip, - - - 10,200
Total, - - - $53,200
We were then compelled to raise, within eighteen months,
$30,000 (thirty thousand) independent of the $45,000 (forty-
five thousand) required during the same time to carry on our
home industries.
Thus there appeared but one course left for us to pursue,
viz: curtail our business, close several of our departments,
lessen the business of others, and dispose of such property as
would assist in discharging our cash obligations, thus making
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 309
every exertion to outlive our misfortunes, and save ourselves
from being totally wrecked. Accordingly we have labored
faithfully to this end, and, although no one has made any
abatement of his claims against us, except Zion's Co-operative
Mercantile Institution in canceling the interest on what we
owed them, we are now nearly out of debt, having but one cash
obligation to discharge, of $2,500 (two thousand five hundred),
to Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution, which will be
paid this fall.
Our checks, in the hands of employees or other parties,
have all been redeemed, with the exception of a very few
which we are prepared to settle whenever presented.
We now have eleven industrial departments in operation;
the business, however, is not carried on quite so extensively
as formerly.
The mercantile department is doing three times the
business it was previous to the curtailing of our home indus-
tries, and has the patronage of nearly the entire people of
Brigham City and surrounding settlements.'
It has been our uniform practice to submit all business
matters involving important interests of the people to the
council of the United Order, where the most perfect liberty
and greatest freedom of expression of thought and opinion
have always been allowed and always indulged.
The council is composed of sixty members, those most
influential in the community, selected on account of their
integrity, faithfulness and willingness to labor and assist in
promoting the cause of union and brotherhood.
Notwithstanding our severe reverses and the fiery ordeal
through which we have passed, the confidence of the people
in our principles of 'union has been preserved, and they feel
that we have worked earnestly and unselfishly to secure their
interests and promote the general welfare.
Respectfully,
Lorenzo Snow.
310 BrOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER XLII.
•
Remarks by the Editor. — Lorenzo writes to George Q. Cannon. — Makes sug-
gestions concerning the illegal assessment. — Letter two. — What Lawyer
Sutherland says.— Letter three. — A description of Scrip.— How used. —
Affidavits. — Correspondence. — Joseph F. Smith writes. — Lorenzo
responds.
^]| N connection with the raid heretofore described, the dia-
ffl^JI bolical swindle of 0. J. Hollister, United States assessor
and collector of internal revenue, by levying an assess-
ment of $10,200 on the scrip used by the association as
a circulating medium in their business departments, burst,
like a thunderbolt, on the Brigham City Mercantile and Man-
ufacturing Association. -
Hon. George Q. Cannon, Delegate, in Washington, to
whom the following letters were addressed, generously tendered
his services in behalf of the association. The following let-
ters, copied from my brother's journal, explain :
Brigham City, December 23, 1878.
Hon. George Q. Cannon, Washington, D. C:
Dear Brother. — Yesterday I was informed by Mr. Webber,
secretary of Z. C. M. I., that you had telegraphed to the effect
that United States Commissioner Raum had about decided
that " bills" under consideration were taxable; and that two
lawyers, Shellabarger and Wilson, in Washington, had pro-
posed to undertake the case of Zion's Co-operative Institution
for four hundred dollars,^and, provided tlitey win, one thousand
in addition ; and that they would undertake our case for two
hundred dollars, and, if successful, an additional five hundred
dollars. I understand Zion's Co-operative has decided to
accept the proposition, and I write to say that if you see the
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 311
least shadow of prospect, please employ those lawyers in our
behalf, and on you communicating to me by letter or telegram,
I will forward you a draft of two hundred dollars, forthwith;
and, if they succeed in our case, will be responsible for the
additional five hundred dollars.
Can you get payment of our assessment deferred till a
decision is reached? And how soon shall we be obliged to
pay, on receiving notice, etc.?
God bless you, my dear friend and brother, •
Lorenzo Snow.
Brigham City, January 7th, 1879.
Hon. Gem^ge Q. Camion, Washington, I). C:
Dear Brother. — To-morrow I will mail you a brief, sworn
to by the president and directors of our association, and some
affidavits for the benefits of our counsel, and will send others
as soon as they can be obtained.
We have consulted Lawyer Sutherland, of Salt Lake —
giving him a view of our case. He expressed himself san-
guine of winning, could he have had the entire management;
said he was acquainted with our counsel in Washington; spoke
highly of their abilities, and said if they failed in our case,
which is a peculiar one, the failure would occur through lack of
time and proper attention, and not thoroughly looking into
the real merits of the subject, sufficiently to make a just, true
and full presentation, and should, by no means, be mixed up
with any other case, as it embraced features entirely distinct,
and of a weighty character, in our favor, etc., and that our
counsel should demand sufficient time to get in all our testi-
mony and affidavits, if it took the whole year; and they
should send copies of the affidavits against us, that we might
get up rebutting testimony.
I wish our counsel would inform us immediately what
information and affidavits they require — also send copies of
affidavits made against us that require rebutting testimony.
312 BIOGRAPHY AND
We feel that we have a right, and we claim it, to have a
fair, full and iinpartial investigation, which, if allowed, we
fully believe, will give a decision in our favor, and if not
allowed, will prove ruinous to our association.
Should we ask our counsel if they think it would be
advantageous to employ Lawyer Sutherland to work up our
case here for them, they, i^erhaps, would answer in the affirma-
tive, as it might save them time and trouble, which would
almost. commit us to the necessity of gratifying their interest.
.Please suggest the idea, and let us know, from you, their
opinion. We would have to pay Lawyer Sutherland one hun-
dred dollars to begin with, and if circumstances required a
continuation of his labors, an increase of pay would be
demanded.
Do those lawyers want further information? Do they
want more affidavits, and on what points? Please have them
send immediately a statement of what they want, and demand
time for a fair, truthful and impartial investigation. This is
all we wish, and this we insist upon and claim as our right;
and if not allowed will do us a most serious injury.
Respectfully,
Lorenzo Snow.
Brigham City, January 13th, 1879.
Hon. George Q. Cannon, Washington, D. C:
Dear Brother. — I write you now with a view of furnishing
such information as I apprehend may be useful to our counsel,
in reference to the general character and object of our associa-
tion and our manner of business, so far as concerns our "bills"
and their circulation. We aim in our brief and affidavits to
establish two points:
First — That our currency has been limited in its circula-
tion to our association — that the officers and agents of the
association have never been authorized to pay it out to other
parties.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 313
Second — That it does not represent cash or legal money,
and has never been paid or received as cash, or in lieu thereof,
and has no authorized cash value.
There is possibly another point I ought to suggest for
the consideration of counsel. I think the law requires the
assessor to make returns at stated times — I think once in six
months. Mr. Hollister made no call upon us for report till
last October, and a few days after called personally at our
ofhce, examined our l^ooks, and in making out his assessment
list went back as far as 1875. Has he a legal right to collect
back taxes?
There may be other points that our attorneys will wish to
argue, and would like information, testimony or affidavits
relative to, which, if they will inform us, we will endeavor to
furnish.
Respecting the first point, the limitation of scrip circula-
tion, the law makes bills taxable if "paid out" — that is, if a
bank or corporation pay its bills "out" to other parties, it thus
renders itself liable. But the peculiarities of our association —
its aim and policy — did not pay "out," but, as 'seen and fully
expressed upon all of our home department bills, being over
nine-tenths of the amount reported for assessment, instead of
being "paid out," has been "paid m," and its circulation con-
fined within itself — within its own body or person.
Our association is, in its organized business capacity, a
person, and, as such, it simply uses the scrip as a medium of
exchange within itself, for such articles only as it produces.
Our main object in making our bills payable only to
emploj^ees and stockholders, was this: We commenced with
but little capital, the peoj:>le being, with scarcely an exception,
very poor, some of them almost destitute of means of living.
We succeeded, after many years of toil and perseverance to
establish a tannery, boot and shoe shop, woolen factory, and
afterwards various additional minor branches of industry were
added, and have been fourteen years reaching our present
314 BIOGRAPHY AND
financial condition. It required nearly as much outlay of
cash to operate those main branches of industry as all the
other departments together, which made their products much
nearer cash value than those from the other departments. We
have not been able to make leather for sale, but are ol)liged to
purchase more or less of imported, to supply our shoe depart-
ment. P^rom these departments we have produced but very
little more than is required by the members and employees of
our association, who number nearly fifteen hundred.
Before the tax law was so amended as to affect co-opera-
tions, we issued to employees and .stockholders unrestricted
bills, but found serious trouble by persons not interested in our
institution receiving them, and requiring payment in the arti-
cles that were nearest to cash, and which we could scarcely
supply ourselves. People abroad knew that Brigham City
Mercantile and Manufacturing Association had a tannery, boot
and shoe shop, and woolen factory, and innocently imagined
that when they had a demand on our institution it meant pay-
ment in any articles from any one of those departments they
wished ; and thought they were greatly wronged if they were
refused. To remedy this difficulty we called in all that class
of bills — determined in future to keep them at home; there-
fore, when we commenced the new issue we printed upon the
face, " Good only to employees and stockholders." These bills
are, among us, called "Home D." i. e., gpod for articles made in
our home departments.
There are forty of these departments, each having a fore-
man, who reports the time of the employees, weekly, to the
secretary, who pays them in these Home Ds. for five-sixths of
their labor, and one-sixth in the scrip representing merchan-
dise, samples of which we enclose; and refer you, also, to the
petition presented to the commissioner.
The secretary, superintendent and every officer and agent
of the association are strictly forbidden to dispose of these
Home D. bills to any other than employees and stockholders.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 315
or to receive them from any other party. I think this rule
has been observed as to j^ajdng out,, but in some isolated cases,
when persons, through ignorance or misrepresentation, have
been imposed upon, in taking our bills, they have been
received and redeemed, but only through protest and compro-
mise.
Again, our emploj^ees are almost exclusively stockholders
or members of a family whose head is a stockholder. You
will see in our })etition that the object of our association was
to furnish employment and opportunities for learning trades
and for reasonable remuneration for labor, which, up to the
present, is about all we have been able to accomplish.
Mr. Hollister will probably endea^'or to prove by afhda-
vits, that we "pay out" our bjUs to other than stockholders
and employees; and he may find some such who have had our
bills; but I think no one will testify under oath that he
received them from any authorized agent, or that they were
redeemed Avitliout protest and injunction not to take them
again, etc.
Our store scrip is not limited in circulation by specifica-
tion on its face, though in fact it does not circulate outside our
institution — it is used to pay employees, and is good only for
just what it calls for; it comprises little less than one-tenth of
the bills reported for assessment.
A great di.stinction exists between these two classes of
bills. The store bills being good for any imported article in
our store, while the Home D. is not presentable at this depart-
ment, and in no instance has it ever been redeemed in such
articles. In one respect, however, these two classes are similar,
to wit: neither of them is ever paid or redeemed in cash or
legal money, by any officer or agent of the association. We
pay and redeem in the kind designated upon the face of the
bills, and in nothing else.
We have done business to a considerable amount with out-
side parties — the Utah Nortliern Railroad Company, the super-
316 BIOGRAPHY AND
intendent of the Ogden Junction printing office, the Deseret Neivs
and Salt Lake Herald, etc., and could get affidavits from those
parties showing we have never paid them our bills, but have
given them direct orders to draw on departments agreed upon.
If our counsel cannot relieve us of assessment on both
classes of bills, they may think it policy to separate them, and
onh" claim abatement on the "Home D." bills which, if
allowed, would probably save over $8,000.
The counsel will notice that the "Home D." bills are
characteristically different from bills issued by anj'' other
co-operation.
Yours affectionately,
Lorenzo Snow\
We copy the two following affidavits as specimens of
many others that were forwarded to Washington :
Territory of Utah, |
r SS
Box Elder County, j
January 28th, 1879.
Robert L. Fishburn, of Brigham City, in said county and
Territory, being duly sworn according to law, deposes and
says that he has occupied the j^osition of chief clerk in the
mercantile department of Brigham City Mercantile and Manu-
facturing Association, during several years last past, and that
he has never received, nor known any other clerk, secretary,
superintendent, officer or agent of said Brigham City Mercan-
tile and Manufacturing Association to have received, by way
of exchange, or by way of payment for cash, or any legal
tender, the scrip used by said association.
Robert L. Fishburn.
Sworn and subscribed to before me, this 28th day of Janu-
ary, 1879.
. John D. Burt,
Probate Judge, Box Elder County.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 317
Territory of Utah, (
V .S.S'.
Box Elder County, I
James Pett, superintendent woolen factory; Charles Kelley,
superintendent boot and shoe department; I. C. Nielson, super-
intendent cabinet department; (). W. Stohl, superintendent
tailors' clothing department; all of Brigham City Mercantile
and Manufacturing Association, of Brigham City, county and
Territory aforesaid, being duly sworn according to law, depose
and say that we are, and have been for a number of years
last past, the salesmen of the articles made in our respective
departments, and that we have exchanged the greater part of
said articles for the scrip used by said association, which scrip
we have never recognized as possessing a cash value, and have
never known an instance in which said scrip has been received
for cash or redeemed in cash.
James Pett,
Charles Kelley,
I. C. Nielson,
0. W. Stohl.
Sworn and subscribed to before me, this 28th day of Janu-
ary, 1879.
John D. Burt,
Probate Judge, Box Elder County, Utah.
All efforts proved futile; "the powers that be" are opposed
to union and progress, and justice was not to be obtained by
legal process. Those people were forced to borrow ten thous-
and two hundred dollars to meet an illegal, oppressive tax
(which they paid under protest) which, in reality, was nothing
))ut a swindle, concocted and enforced by heartless, un2:)rin-
cipled demagogues.
The note following is the honest expression of a broad
and generous heart, and worthy of preservation as a memorial
of brotlierlv love:
318 biography and
Sai,t Lake City, October 21st, 1879.
Elder Lorenzo Snow:
My Dear Brother. — I have always felt, since the burn-
ing of your factory, yery sorry for your misfortune, and have
often thought that it would only take a few dollars from each
of the many friends of home industries to make you whole.
The accompknying ten dollars does not begin to express the
extent of my sorrow, but I trust you will accept it as a free-
will offering from the not ov§r abundant cash resources' of
Your brother in the Gospel,
Joseph F. Smith.
4
Response:
Bkigham City, October 23d, 1879.
Dear Brother Joseph:
I received your kind letter of the 21st inst. this morning,
with the enclosed ten dollars as a donation to Brigham City
Association, in view of our misfortunes. This token (so unex-
pected) given as manifestation of- your interest and sympathy,
made me feel as though I wanted to relieve my heart wdth a
good, old fashioned cry; however, I retired to my private
room, where "prayer is wont to be made," and, with your letter
open in my hand,- 1 poured out from the depths of my soul
my feelings of gratitude and thanksgiving to Qur Father in
heaven for the faith and encouTagement which your expression
of interest and sympathy had awakened in my- bosom.
I feel strong within me that your blessing and interest,
like the "widow's oil," will multiply your "ten dollars" into
thousands until we are relieved of our embarrassments.
Respectfully yours, in the Everlasting Covenant,
Lorenzo Snow.
AUTOEIOGKAPHY. 319
CHAPTER XLIII. -
stake Ccnfeieiicein Ei igliauiCily. — President B. Young expected. — Prepara-
tions made. — Flags hoisted, — Coifi/erence in Bowery. — Box Elder Stake
ro-organized. — Lorenzo calls the olHeers of the United Order together. —
Nominate otEcers. — All are accepted. — O. G. Snow to preside. — President
Young's fatherly counsel and blessing.
S has been narrated in preceding pages, President Brigham
Young was in the habit of visiting the various Stakes
" • of Zion as frequently as was consistent with other
duties. On the 18th or 19th of August, 1877, he went to
Brigham City to attend Stake Conference, which proved to be
his last earthly visit beyond the limits of Salt Lake City; his
death occurring on th6 29th of the same month.
As usual, on the event of a visit from President Young
and party, preparations, such as were not in order on ordinary
occasions, preceded his coming — so fully had he won the
respect and the affections of his people, the Latter-day Saints,
that on such occasions no labor and no expense was spared for
his comfort and to do him honor.
The President and party came ; he was in excellent spirits
at Brother Snow's table, where he was always entertained on
his visits to Brigham City, he leaned back in his chair, and
sang in a clear voice, one of his favorite hjmms, much, to the
gratification of all present. '
At that time, Brigham City could boast of no house suffi-
ciently large to accommodate the immense gathering of the
people, and the conference was held in a bowery, with a com-
modious stand, which was neatly and .tastefully fitted up, and
with special regard to the comfort and convenience of the
Priesthood, who occupied it. Before the close of conference.
President Young; re-organized the Box Elder Stake of Zion.
320 BIOGRAPHY AND
Previous to the conference, Lorenzo called together the
principal officers of the council of the United Order of
Brigham City, and in connection with them, selected the
various officers for the re-organization of the Stake, with the
exception of the presiding board; and all met the President's
approval. After sanctioning those nominations, he asked
Lorenzo to name the one he wished to fill the position of
' President of the Stake, as Lorenzo's successor, to which Brother
Snow replied, ^hat he had no suggestion to make — "we have
- left that entirely to you."
^^fter corresponding remarks by brethren present. President
Young proposed Lorenzo's eldest son, Oliver G., and Lorenzo
nominated Elijah Box as his first, and Isaac Smith as his
second, counselor, which was satisfactory. In placing Oliver
before the people, President Young said, "Brother Lorenzo
Snow has been, for many years, building up and sustaining a
system to unite the people in their financial affairs, which I
approve, and in order that he may not be embarrassed, or in
any Avay interrupted in that direction, we propose his son
Oliver to occupy this position — he will take his father's counsel
and be one with him."
The conference was in session two days, and after the close
it was an almost universal remark, that never before had the
people heard President Young speak as on that occasion — he
seemed so very kind and fatherly, and particularly was his
last speech referred to as being impressively soothing; it
seemed, as was frequently remarked, as a father giving his last
instructions to his children. How little did the Saints who
listened to him, as they did, with rapt attention, think he was
pronouncing his parting words and blessing.
By a decision of the First Presidency, all of the Twelve
Apostles who had been thus officiating were released from
presiding in the Stake organizations. This explains the
necessity for the re-organization as above described.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 321
CHAPTER XLIV.
Oliver G. Snow speaks. — His maiden speech. — Performs a good deed. —
Called to go to assist the emigration. — Encounter with Indians. — Mission
to England. — Visits New York. — Arrives in Liverpool. — Goes to Man-
chester.— An incident relative to the death of Dickens. — Oliver attends a
sectarian lecture. — Is challenged. — Attempts to respond.— Is repulsed. —
The priest is disgraced and forsaken. — A visit to Scotland. — Descriptions.
— Return to England. — Incomprehensible dialect. — Released. — Home
again. — Ordained member of High Council.^ Marries. — Mission to the
States. — Visits Oberlin. — Ludicrous incident. — Visits his grandmother. —
Preaches her funeral sermon. — At home appointed President of Box
Elder Stake.
%€ WAS born on the twentieth of February, 1849, in Salt
^1 Lake City. When quite young, my father having been
called to preside over the then crude settlement known
as the Old Fort, where now Brigham City is located, after erect-
ing a commodious dwelling, with a view of increasing a feeling
of brotherhood among the Saints, opened his house for public
entertainments. At the opening one, a dramatic performance,
I was on the programme for ni}^ "maiden speech," composed
by my father for the occasion, commencing as follows:
Ladies and gentlemen, one and all,
I welcome you to my father's hall.
For its delivery I was awarded a pocket-knife. Those
entertainments produced a most desirable effect in promoting
friendship and affability among the people. When eight years
of age (a very cold day), I was baptized in the mill-race by
Elder Neely, and confirmed by my father. In the following-
spring I had the pleasure of rendering useful service to A
Brother .Jones, who lived north of us. At that time the settlers
23
322 BIOGRAPHY AND
were annoyed by a gang of horse thieves, composed of moun-
taineers; so much so that there was no safety for animals
when not in use, except under lock and key. One evening, on
entering one of my father's pastures, I saw two horses tied to a
bunch of willows, and thinking that one or both belonged to
the Bishop, I decided to take them to the owner; but the
Bishop informed me they were not his, and they were secured
for the night.
Early next morning, as I was driving cows to pasture, I
- saw a dark visaged man emerge from a thicket by the road
side over which I had just passed, and, drawing a revolver
from its scabbard, he inquired, in a gruff tone, if I knew the
whereabouts of the two horses he had tied to a tree in the pas-
ture. I told him the whole affair, as well as an eight-year old
boy could, under the threatening circumstances. Then point-
ing to the caliber of his six-shooter, he said, "Unless you
bring those horses back, I will put a bullet, through you of
that size." I was relieved when the interview closed, and lost
no time in reaching home, where I learned that the owner of
the horses had arrived from Salt Lake, where they were stolen
from him. The officers were notified, the thief secured and
justice meted to him, and I escaped the bullet.
In 1864 I had the honor of being ordained a member of
the Fifty-eighth Quorum of Seventies; and soon after, at the
re-organization of the militia, was called to act as standard-
bearer in Colonel Loveland's staff; accompanied ni}^ father
through the southern settlements, on one of President Young's
tours, as far as Santa Clara.
In the spring of 1868, 1 was called, with others, to perform
a journey to the States to bring a company of Saints across the
plains. On our return we had a fearful encounter with
Indians, who ran off fifty head of our stock, which, after sev-
eral hairbreadth escapes, we succeeded in recapturing, and
arrived home in safety.
During the autumn of 1868 and the following spring, I
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 323
assisted dn building the great trans-continental railway ; and
during the summer of 1869, studied in the University of
Deseret, under Prof. J. R. Park.
In May, 1870, at a General Conference of the Church (held
in May, awaiting President Young's return from St. George),
by communication from my father, I was notified of my
appointment as missionary to Europe, to come immediately to
Salt Lake, to be set apart by the proper authorities for said
mission. Not having the slightest previous intimation, I was
taken by surprise, yet most gladly responded to the call ; went
to Salt Lake City, was set apart by my father and others,
returned to Brigham City to bid adieu to friends and relatives,
and within five days from the first announcement, I was on
board the train en route for Great Britain.
On reaching Ogden I had the pleasure of meeting a
goodly number of Elders destined to the same point; and in
each other's society our five days' transit across the continent
to New York was very pleasant. There we were detained one
week, waiting for the steamer, which aftbrded a fine opportu-
nity for sight-seeing, which was a genuine treat to those born
and raised in the Great American Desert, beneath the towering
cliffs, "crowned with eternal snows." Arriving at New York,
I was not only surprised but almost bewildered by the confus-
ing jargon of the cab drivers, hooting and wrangling to secure
passengers for the hotels. Two of them had a serious confab
about which was entitled to me, when- I took my valise,
engaged another cab and left th'em to fight it ou,t.
On the twenty-fifth of May we embarked on the beautiful
steamer Minnesota, and after an uneventful voyage of eleven
days, landed in Liverpool, where we were met and cordially
greeted by President A. Carrington, at Islington, for many
years the headquarters of the European mission. I soon
received an appointment as traveling Elder in the Manchester
Conference, with President David Brinton. Being an entire
stranger, entirely ignorant of the locations of branches and
324 BIOGRAPHY AND
residences of the Saints, as my predecessor was about to make
a farewell visit through the conference, I accompanied him on
a general tour.
About this time the celebrated author, Charles Dickens,
died, and I recollect a little incident in relation to his death,
which occurred on the first evening after we started. While
waiting refreshments in a hotel in Bolton, a gentleman
stranger of fine presence, whom we afterwards learned was a
highly educated, prominent journalist, entered the room where
man}^ people were seated, some in groups and others as wall
flowers, when the strange man commenced to eulogize Mr.
Dickens, giving an account of his death, the great loss the
community would sustain by his demise ; and in beautiful lan-
guage and eloquent dramatic style, portrayed the great worth
and superior abilities of the deceased, adding that it would
have been better that a thousand Britons had died, than for
that noble man to give up his life. Finally, striking his
broad, intellectual forehead with the palm of his hand, he
exclaimed as if his whole soul was filled with anguish: "What,
0, what was God Almight}'^ thinking of when he caused that
great and noble man to die?" We concluded that, although
the speaker was considered great among his fellows, he cer-
tainly must be out of joint where that expression originated.
During this tour we everywhere met warm receptions
from Saints and strangers. Although the people generally
seemed very indilferent to the Gospel, while I labored in the
Manchester Conference, I baptized a number into the Church.
In May, 1871, I was appointed to the Presidency of the Leeds
Conference, in which capacity I labored one year and six
months with much satisfaction. While there, a seemingly
trivial circumstance occurred, which resulted in much good.
One da}^, in passing up Manningham Lane, I noticed a large
placard posted in a conspicuous position in front of a building
which had occasionally been occupied by the Saints for meet-
ings, saying that an apostle of the sect known as the apostolic
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 325
church would deliver a series of lectures in said building, the
first to be given that evening; the subject, "Behold the Lord
cometh with ten thousand of His Saints, go ye out to meet
Him." Curiosity prompted me to go to the lecture. The self-
styled apostle, on entering the speaker's stand, immediately
commenced praying very fervently, and in a particularly
forcible strain, that the Lord would shed His Spirit abroad in
the room and remove the terrible influence that prevailed in
consequence of the Mormons having held meetings in that
house. After this impressive supplication, he arose and stated
to the congregation that having been informed that a Mormon
missionary was present, he would like to make a few prefatory
remarks before taking up the subject of his lecture. He then
warmed up with a tirade of vituperation and scandalous abuse
against Joseph Smith, the Prophet, exhausting the vocabulary
of the English language in epithets, and rehearsing many of
the time-worn slanderous stories manufactured by his most
bitter enemies, and long since exploded. Having occupied
much time which should have been devoted to his lecture, he
found it necessary to apologize by saying his reason for having
done so was he understood that a Mormon Elder was present,
"and," said he, "I challenge him to come forward at the close
of the lecture, and deny the charges I have made, if he can."
Consequently, when he closed, and the meeting was about
to be dismissed, responding to his challenge, I arose to contra-
dict his absurd charges and calumnies, when he became
exceedingly angry and vehemently opposed mytspeaking; but
the audience was determined that I should be heard, several
exclaiming, " Let the Mormon Elder speak ! " It seemed that
the man must permit me to reply to his accusations or create
a riot. At this juncture, Mr. Sewell, the owner of the hall,
arose and said he hoped no disturbance would be made on the
part of the audience, and although the position assumed by
the apostle appeared strange, he said, "Still, inasmuch as he
has rented the hall, he undoubtedly has the right to dictate
326 BIOGRAPHY AND
who may speak," and said further, that he should regret to
have any trouble arise over the matter. To which I replied
that no one would regret more than myself that anything of
that kind should occur; but I supposed the gentleman, in
good faith, challenged me to refute his statements, if I could,
concerning Josej^h Smith and what he calls Mormonism ; and
being prepared to do so, I was simply responding to that
request when I arose to speak, not supposing for one moment
that any rule of decorum would be transcended; but inas-
much as he persisted in maintaining his very singular point
of refusal, I thought I could afford to content myself with the
result. At all events, it was manifest that his course did not
meet the approval of a majority present, the fraud being too
transparent, and although intended to injure our cause, it cer-
tainly produced the opposite effect, by arousing a spirit of
inquiry and investigation with those who otherwise, perhaps,
would never have given attention to the subject. It also had
a marked effect in destroying respect for the self-styled apostle.
I was informed that his audience diminished until he finally
abandoned his lectures before the expiration of his engage-
ment.
In 1872, I visited Scotland, and was truly delighted with
the points of historical interest I viewed during my brief stay
in that highly celebrated country. I there had the privilege
of addressing a congregation assembled in conference of the
Saints, in a beautiful hall in Glasgow, many of whom were
strangers.
I took a trip with Elder George Reynolds (then President
of the British mission in the absence of President Carrington)
upon the beautiful Loch Lomond. After riding about ten
miles, we reached Ballock, a small pier situated on the east
shore of the lake, where we disembarked, walked about two
and a half hours and reached the summit of the celebrated
Ben Lomond, upwards of three thousand feet above the level
of the sea, an eminence commanding a most magnificent view
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 327
of the surrounding country. We also visited Dumbarton
Castle, where, with other specimens, we were shown the gigan-
tic sword of William Wallace, which, by testing, we found to
be of immense weight.
In Edinburgh we visited the private residence of the
great Protestant reformer, John Knox, in which was found one
solitar}^ article, an old arm-chair, said to have belonged to him.
We also paid a visit to the palace and abbey of Holyrood,
which is associated with very many historical incidents, and so
replete with various relics of antiquity as would require
volumes to describe. The picture gallery is one hundred and
fifty feet in length, and its walls are hung with portraits of one
hundred reported kings of Scotland. Our conductor pointed
out to us the place in the palace where Lord Darnley vented
his murderous jealousy on its unfortunate victim, Rizzio.
We also ascended the hill known as King Arthur's Seat,
supposed to have derived its name from the fact of the king
having set it apart as a place of resort. It affords a magnifi-
cent view of Edinburgh and surroundings; I think the most
enchanting scenic view I ever beheld. Away to the right, the
lovely Firth of Forth is seen, and the German Ocean glittering
in the sunlight, like a field of diamonds, while on the left, rises,
with majestic grandeur, the great towers and splendid mansions
of the city of Edinburgh. I made the most of my brief visit
to the " banks and the braes " of old Scotland ; and on the 21st
of May, returned to my missionary field in England, continu-
ing my labors until September following — makii;ig my stay in
that land nearly two and a half years, having had the honor,
through the blessing of God, of baptizing about forty souls;
also had the pleasure of attending conferences in Manchester,
Birmingham, Sheffield, London, Durham and Newcastle.
When in Birmingham, I visited the celebrated pen manufac-
tory of Gillott & Sons, and was amused to learn that so simple
an article passed through twenty-four different processes before
it became a finished pen.
328 BIOGRAPHY AND
At the time of attending the London conference, I had
been in the missionary field two years, when in compan}'^ of
President Carrington, of the European mission, he asked me if
I was very anxious to return home, saying, if I was not, he
would like me to remain until autumn. I replied that I did
not call myself to the mission, and felt perfectly willing to con-
form to his wishes; hence the time was extended to the
following October.
While traveling in England, I was forcibly struck with
the contrast in the financial condition of the Saints there and
those in Utah. I learned that many families lived at least one
Av^eek ahead of their means, the year round : many being under
the necessity of pawning their Sunday clothes at the broker's
on Monday morning, for means for their families to subsist on
during the week, and at the end of the week, take their week's
wages and redeem said clothing to wear on Sunday; then on
Monday morning repeat the same, over and over during the
year. Although thus situated, their kindness and hospitality
to the missionary Elders was a subject of notoriety.
When entering on my labors in Lancashire, I was much
surprised, and not a little amused, in observing the peculiar
dialects in vogue, at times finding myself completely non-
plussed in endeavoring to comprehend the meaning.* For
instance, meeting a gentleman on the road with which I was
unacquainted, I enquired the direction to a certain point in
question, to which he responded, "go top at broo and then spur.^'
I afterwards learned that he told me to enquire at the top of
the hill.
In October, 1872, I was released to return home, leaving
Liverpool on the steamer Idaho, and arrived home on the 13th
of November, after an absence of two and a half years, and
can truthfully say that in no period of my life have I derived
more solid, genuine satisfaction than during that period. Soon
after my return I was ordained a member of the High
Council of Box Elder Stake. During the following winter
AUTOBIOGRAPHY, 329
was employed in the mercantile department of the Brigham
City Mercantile and Manufecturing Association.
On October 13, 1873, I married Mary B., daughter of Eli
Harvey and Susannah Netf Peirce — the former, first Bishop of
Brigham City, also one of the Pioneers to the valleys of the
mountains.
At the October Conference of 1875, I was called on a mis-
sion to the States, and in connection with my missionary
labors, had the privilege of visiting my relatives, and holding
many public meetings among them; they according me every
courtesy. Having a letter of introduction from my father to
Chauncey Blair, Esq., of Mantua, Portage County, Ohio, I
visited that gentleman, and expressing a desire to preach to
the people, he kindly offered to procure the church owned by
the society of which he was a member;* but subsequently
informed me that he was unsuccessful, those interested in the
building having refused on the ground that they expected a
minister from another locality to preach in their church on the
same day as I proposed. But on learning from Mr. Blair that
I could occupy the Town Hall, my appointment was circulated,
and a splendid assembly convened. I was afterwards informed
that the minister who essayed to hold forth in the church
closed his meeting in disgust with only one-half dozen present.
When in Oberlin, the following ludicrous cfrcumstance
occurred, which I will relate, although at my own expense. I
was introduced to one of my father's former college associates,
by name Mrs. Bacon. Having formed a habit of associating
an unfamiliar name which I wished to remember, with some-
thing familiar, I very naturally associated the lady's name
Bacon with hog; thinking that in the event of forgetting
Bacon, it being so closely connected with hog, I could readily
recollect it. But after spending a very pleasant- evening in
her house, on risin^g to take leave, I said, " I wish you good
evening, Mrs. Ham." Although I realized my mistake the
instant it Avas uttered, I made no apology, thinking "the
330 BIOGRAPHY AND
apology might be worse than the offence;" but concluded my
plan was not so reliable as I had supposed.
On my way to the States, I went a short distance out- of
my way to visit my aged grandmother on my mother's side,
by the name of Goddard. She had been a member of the
Church for many years, and expressed a desire to accompany
me to Utah on my return home, to which I gladly consented.
But when in the following season I called on her in fulfilment
of my promise, I found her very feeble, being over eighty -nine
.years of age, yet she seemed elated and buoj^ant with the
anticipation of coming to the home of the Saints, until, bj''
persuasion and entreaties of her daughter, with whom she
resided, in connection with many of their neighbors, she was
induced to relinquish the fond idea of gathering to Zion,
which seemed to have been the motive power of her mortal
existence; for when she yielded her ambition to brave the
fatigue of the journey, she apparently let go her hold on life,
which passed out like the last faint gleam of an exhausted
lamp, and I saw her eyes calmly close in the sleep of death.
By request I preached her funeral sermon, and followed her
remains to their last resting place.
At the re-organization of the Box Elder Stake of Zion, by
President B. Young, I was appointed to preside over said
Stake.
In January, 1878, I was elected member of the board of
directors of the Brigham City Mercantile and Manufacturing
Association, and have been re-elected annually, up to the
present. In August, 1880, was elected representative to the
twenty-fourth session of the Utah Legislature, and have been
returned to the twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth biennial sessions.
I had the honor of assisting in the ceremonies of laying
the corner stones of the Logan Temple, which is now nearing
its completion.
Since called to the important position as President of the
Box Elder Stake of Zion, I have assisted in organizing wards,
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 331
relief societies, young men's and young women's mutual
improvement and children's primary associations; ordaining
Bishops, setting apart officers in various departments of the
Priesthood, also officers in relief societies and in the associa-
tions, all of which I am expected to watch over in the capacity
of President of .the Stake.
With all of these weighty duties and responsibilities rest-
ing upon me, I am frequently led to exclaim with one of old,
"Who is sufficient for these things J'
Oliver G. Snow.
CHAPTER XLV.
Discourse by Elder Lorenzo Snow, delivered in the Tabernacle, S It Lake
City, January 14, 1872. — Progression. — The Fatherhood of God. — The
perfect man. — The gifts of the Spirit. — His testinaony.
TAKE pleasure, this afternoon, in making a few remarks
to the Latter-day Saints, as well as to any strangers who
may be present. I never designed to be a preacher; it
was only a sense of positive duty tliat induced me to occupy
the position as a preacher of the Gospel. An understanding,
given through the revelations of the Lord Jesus Christ, of the
principles that we, the Latter-day Saints, have espoused, has
induced me to travel through the world, bearing testimony of
those things which I do assuredly know pertaining to the Gos-
pel of life and salvation revealed in this our day.
The relation that we sustain to the Lord our God, and the
blessings and privileges to be acquired through the system of
life which we have received, are worthy of our deepest consid-
eration; and it is no less necessary that we understand the
duties, the performance of which is requisite on our part, for
the attainment of those blessings and privileges, and to keej)
332 BIOGRAPHY AND
ourselves in the path on which we may secure the highest
advantages which the system of religion we have received is,
in its nature, capable of giving.
The relationship which we sustain to God our Father, as
well as to the world at large, if properly understood and appre-
ciated, is calculated to waken us up to the performance of the
duties required of us as Latter-day Saints. We ought to
understand that we have espoused a system of religion that is
calculated in its nature to increase within us wisdom and
knowledge — that we have entered ujion a path that is pro-
gressive— that will increase physical, spiritual and intellectual
advantages and everything pertaining to our own happiness
and the well-being of the world at large.
We believe that we are the offspring of our Father in
heaven, and that we possess in our spiritual organizations the
same capabilities, powers and faculties that our Father pos-
sesses, although in an infantile state, requiring to pass
through a certain course or ordeal by which they will be
developed and improved, according to the heed we give to the
principles we have received. We believe that God is no
respecter of persons, but that He confers blessings upon all
His children, in proj)ortion to the light they have, or in pro-
portion as they proceed according to the light and knowledge
they possess, in. the different circumstances of life that may
surround them.
We believe that the sj)irit which enlightens the human
family proceeds from the presence of the Almighty; that it
spreads throughout all space, that it is the light and life of all
things, and that ever}'' honest heart possesses it in proportion
to his virtue, integrity and his desire to know the truth and do
good to his fellow men.
We see the providences of- God in all things ; we see them
in raising up different communities and establishments in the
world, for the general and universal benefit of mankind; we
see the providences of God in raising up a Luther, a John
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 333
Wesley; we see tlie providences of God in all the Christian
organizations and communities; we trace the hand of the
Almighty in framing the constitution of our land, and believe
that the Lord raised up men purposely for the accomplishment
of this object — raised them up and inspired them to frame
the Constitution of the United States.
We trace the hand of God, His Spirit, His workings
upon and among all classes of people, whether Christian or
heathen ; that His providences may be carried out, and that His
designs, formed before the morning stars sang together, or the
foundations of the earth were laid, may be fulfilled. He
slackens not His hand. He does not relinquish His designs nor
His purposes, but His work is one eternal round. We trace
the hand of the Almighty, and we see His Spirit moving in all
communities for their good — restraining and encouraging,
establishing governments and nations, inspiring men to take a
course that shall most advance His purposes, until the set
time shall come when He shall work more fully and effectu-
ally for the accomplishment of His designs ; and when sorrow,
wickedness, bitter disappointment, vexation, distress and
poverty shall cease and be no more known, and the salvation
and happiness of His children be secured; when the earth
shall be rolled back in pristine purity, into its primeval orbit,
and the inhabitants thereof dwell upon it in perfect peace and
righteousness.
[f there is any class of people in the world that has reason
to be liberal and generous towards their fellow qreatures, it is
the Latter-day Saints; and that our liberality and generosity
are not shown more than they are, is in consequence of the
pressure of circumstances with which we are surrounded,
restraining us from the exercise thereof; but we expect to be
hereafter in situations when we will have the privilege and
opportunity of doing as we desire in this respect. However,
in regard to this, whether circumstances sliall so change or
not, we know that we are in possession of a system of j)rogres-
334 BIOGRAPHY AND
sion. We might speak in reference to the increase of knowl-
edge to individuals who receive and obey the doctrines we
teach; but that which is most interesting to us is the progres-
sion of the Latter-day Saints themselves in the sj'stem we have
received.
Our fiiith, views and the principles we have obeyed, all
coincide perfectly with those of former-day Saints, which we
find recorded in the Bible. Were ministers of the present day
to stand in their pulpits and announce doctrines in reference
to the progression of Saints, as they were preached in former
days, the doctrines would be considered at least very startling,
and a committee of investigation would undoubtedly be
required at once, by their congregations, to ascertain whether
or not they had seceded from their previously avowed prin-
ciples. For instance, let a Methodist, Presbyterian or Baptist
minister arise in his pulpit and suggest to his congregation, as
Paul did on a certain occasion: " Let this same mind be in you
which is also in Christ Jesus, who, having the form of God,
thought it not robbery to be equal with God," it would be a
startling announcement; so also would the doctrine of John,
the Revelator, on a certain occasion, when he says : " Now are
we the sons of God : it does not appear what we shall be, but
we know that when He (Christ) shall appear, we shall be like
Him, for we shall see Him as He is; and every man that has
this hope in him purifies himself even as God is*pure." That
would be a startling announcement of doctrine. Did any one
present, acquainted with the Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian
or Episcopalian societies, ever hear suggestions or doctrines
like these? I never did, and I was well acquainted formerly
with these societies. " Let this same mind be in you which was
in Christ Jesus, who, finding Himself in the form of God,
thought it not robbery to be equal with God;" and, "He that
has this hope in him purifies himself even as God is pure ;" and
again, "When He shall appear, we shall be like Him, for we
shall see Him as He is."
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 335
We were born in the image of God our Father; He begat
us like unto Himself. There is the nature of Deity in the
composition of our spiritual organization. In our spiritual
birth, our Father transmitted to us the capabilities, powers
and faculties which He possessed, as much so as the child on
its mother's bosom possesses, although in an undeveloped state,
the faculties, powers and susceptibilities of its parent.
"Apostles, Prophets, Evangelists, Pastors and Teachers," we
are told, were, in former days in the church, "for the perfect-
ing of the Saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edify-
ing of the body of Christ, until we all come to the unity of
the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto the
perfect man." What is meant by this — "the perfect man?"
And again, " Unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of
Christ." A system was known in those days, through which a
Saint could become perfect in the Lord Jesus — a system by
which Saints could advance in the knowledge of the things of
God — to an understanding of His purposes, of their own
natures and characters, of their relationship to the Almighty,
and of the ordeals necessary for them to pass through, that
they might be perfected as the Son of God was perfected.
This system, taught by Christ and His Apostles, was not
at that time first introduced ; it was known ages before — it was
established before the foundations of the earth were laid. I
will now quote a passage from the Book of Doctrine and Cov-
enants, which will be found on page 85, section 4, para-
graph 6: i
"He that receiveth me (saith the Lord), receiveth my
Father, and he that receiveth my Father, receiveth my
Father's kingdom; therefore, all that my Father hath shall be
given unto him ; and this is according to the oath and cove-
nant which belongeth to the Priesthood. Therefore, all who
receive the Priesthood, receive this oath and covenant of my
Father, which He cannot break, neither can it be moved ; but
whoso brcaketh this covenant, after he hath received it, and
336 BIOGRAPHY AND
altogether turneth therefrom, shall not have forgiveness of
sins in this world nor in the world to come."
This is a revelation given to the Latter-day Saints, and so
far as respects its provisions in reference to those who receive
it, it is precisely in keeping with those passages I have quoted
from the New Testament. They were the burden of the
teachings of the Apostles in former days; but were they pre-
sented now to the Christian world by their ministere and
teachers, they would be considered blasphemy. This system
was known to Adam after he' was expelled from the Garden of
Eden; it was well known to Noah, and he preached it to the
antediluvians one hundred and twenty years; it was also
known in the days of Moses — he preached it to the Israelites,
on the banks of the Red Sea. " I would not have you igno-
rant," says the Apostle, in reference to this point, "how that our
fathers all passed through the sea — were all under the cloud,
all ate of the same spiritual meat, all drank the same sj^iritual
drink, for they drank of that spiritual rqck which followed
them, and that rock was Christ."
It is evident from this that the Gospel of life was known
and practiced there; but we are told that in consequence of
wickedness and unbelief, the Gospel was taken from the people
in the time of Moses, because it did not profit them, and
instead thereof a system called the "schoolmaster to bring
them to Christ" was introduced. On account of their wicked-
ness and hardness of heart, they refused to avail themselves of
the privileges within their reach ; for when the Lord proposed
to come down into their midst and talk with them face to face,
as He did with Moses, they requested Moses to officiate for
them and speak with the Lord; and being filled with unbelief
and unwillingness to become acquainted with God, their
Father, the Gospel and all its privileges were withdrawn.
Thus we see this Gospel has been introduced at various times
into the world. It was known to the Prophets; they under-
stood plainly and distinctly that Jesus was the Lamb slain
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 337
from the foundation of the world, and that in due season He
would manifest Himself to the children of men — that He
would die for their sins, and be crucified, in order to' complete
the plan of salvation. The Prophets had the (iospel and its
advantages; and the H0I3' Spirit, that is ever connected with
it, was poured out upon them in fulness.
There was a certain blessing connected with obedience to the
Gospel — the gift of the Holy (rhost. When people received the
ordinances of the Gospel, they were promised that they should
receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. The Savior, who undoubt-
edly knew best about the nature and character of this gift,
said it should lead all who received it into all truth, and show
them things to come. It should do more than that Spirit
which proceeds from God, filling the immensity of space and
enlightening every man that. comes into the world; the Holy
Ghost should lead into all truth and show tliem things to
come. Furthermore, in speaking of its effects, the Apostle
says: "The Spirit is given to every man to profit withal. To
one is given faith." Not a common, ordinary faith to which
some people pretend at the present daj^; but a faith which
enables its possessors to be sawn asunder — ^to be cast into dens
of lions, fiery furnaces, and to undergo tortures of every'
description. This was the kind of faith the Holy Ghost con-
ferred upon those w^ho possessed it, enabling them to stand in
the midst of every difficulty, defy every opposition, and even
sacrifice life, if necessary, for the cause they had espoused-
There was an omnipotent, inspiring power in this faith, given
by the Almighty throiigh the Holy (Jhost, which no other
principle could communicate.
To one was given faith, to another knowledge; not that
which is gained by reading books merely, but knowledge
from the Eternal Father. A self-inspiring principle was con-
ferred on them, which was tangible, giving them a knowledge
of the cause they had espoused. They knew by revelation
from God that the Gospel thev had obeved was true ; it was
24
338 BIOGRAPHY AND
revealed to them in a manner they could not dispute, and they
knew for themselves. They were then established upon the
rock of revelation.
There is a great difference between the possession of the
Holy Ghost, and the mere possession of the Spirit of God.,
All honest-hearted people, "who are living according to the best
light they have received, have the Spirit of God. All Chris-
tian churches have it, i. e., those who seek truth and righteous-
ness. The Baptists, if they are honest, have it; so have the
Methodists and Presbyterians; so also have all Christians and
also heathen nations. . Go to ('hina, and all honest-hearted
people there have the Spirit of God; in fact, we are told that
this is " the light that lighteth every man that cometh into the
world." But to say that all have the Holy Ghost — the gift
that was promised to those who .obeyed the Gospel — is incor-
rect.
We can trace the providences of God in raising up certain
individuals to establish religious organizations, and we see in
these the workings of the Spirit of God for the general interest
of the human family. We look upon George Washington,
the father of our country, as an inspired instrument of the
Almighty ; we can see the all-inspiring Spirit operating upon
him and his co-workers in resisting oppression, and in estab-
lishing thirteen colonies as a confederacy; and then again, the
workings of the same Spirit upon those men who established
the Constitution of the United States. In a revelation con-
tained in the Book of Doctrine and Covenants, the Lord says:
"And for this })urpose have I established the constitution of
this land, by the hands of wise men, whom I raised up unto
this very purpose." We see the hand of the Lord in these
things. The Christian churches will not acknowledge these
spiritual operations, which we most firmly believe, in regard
to the workings of Providence and the operations of the Spirit
of the Lord upon the hearts of the human family.
We now most conspicuously see the hand of the Almighty
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 339
in establishing a kingdom spoken of in ages long past by
Daniel, the Prophet — a kingdom which shall grow and spread
until it fills the whole earth : when light and intelligence will
be so generally diffused that it shall no longer be necessary for
any man to say to his fellows, " Know ye the Lord," but all
shall know Him, from the least unto the greatest. And when
the Spirit of the Lord shall be poured out upon all flesh to
such a degree that the sons and the daughters shall prophesy,
the old men shall dream dreams, the young men shall see
visions, and when there shall be nothing to hurt or destroy in
all the holy mountain of the Lord.
We have seen what has been promised, and what sug-
gestions made and encouragement given in relation to our
progression, as contemplated by the Prophets, expressed in
their writings in the Old and New Testaments. We see what
(iod in His revelations direct has said to us ; and we might
bring up passage after passage from the New Testament, Book
of Doctrine and Covenants, and the Book of Mormon, in
regard to the progression and happiness of His people. But
there are other considerations connected with this to which I
will call your attention. The revelations of the Lord given to
us say that all things shall be given to those who receive the
Priesthood; but in connection with this promise are certain
obligations which have to be fulfilled on our part. That same
( rod and Father who tells us what great blessings await the
faithful, says: "Whoso layeth down his life for my cause and
for my name's sake shall receive it again, even life eternal;
therefore, fear not your enemies, for I, the Lord, have decreed
in my heart that I will prove you in all things, whether you
will abide in ni}^ covenant, even unto death, for he that will
not abide in my covenant is not worthy of me." •
Here on one hand are promised those extraordinary and
wonderful blessings; and on the other, if we renounce the
doctrine we have received, or if we are unwilling to stand up
to the point, even of death, in fulfilling the will of our Father
340 BIOGRAPHY AND
in the accomplishment of His work, we shall be counted
unworthy of the promised blessings.
■ Now yau take a man, no matter from what country, if he
be a man of integrity, when he receives a knowledge of the
truth, he will stand to tliat knowledge; you cannot force it
from him by imprisonment, or b}' taking awa}' his property or
destroying every earthly source of his happiness. Do what
you will to annoy and oppress him, he will still stand firm in
his adherence to ,the principles he knows are true.
When the Gospel reached us in the different nations
whence we came, the Spirit of the Lord gave us convictions of
its truth, and in the honesty of our hearts we received it and
its blessings, otherwise we would have remained at our several
homes. We were promised by the several Elders wlio pro-
claimed the Gospel unto us, that if we would do the Avill of
God, if we would obey the Gospel, wo should receive the gift
of the Holy (Jhost; they said, as Peter said on the day of Pen-
tecost, "Repent and be baptized, every one of you, for the
remission of your sins, and you shall receive the Holy Ghost."
Then when they spoke of the operations of the Holy Ghost,
tliey described them as Jesus, Paul, John and the Saints who
received it testified in regard to it from the effects it produced
upon them. Therefore, when the (Jospel was received under
ciTcumstances of this nature, those who were its recipients
expected su])erior and extraordinary blessings — blessings they
could not reach in any otlier religious society. They were
promised sucli blessings as all other religious denominations
said did not exist and could not be received. They would
acknowledge that such blessings had formerly been received
tlirough the (lospel, but could not be imparted now.
Hence,^ii tho,se who obeyed the (lOspel, as taught by the
Elders of this Church, did not receive the blessings promised,
why do I see them before me here to-day by thousands? Why,
when traveling tlirougli the length and breadth of this coun-
try, do 1 see ])eoi)le v.'ho have gathered, comparatively, from
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 341
almost every nation under tlie sun? If they received not the
fulfilment of what was promised, why are they here in this
Territory? In these valleys of the mountains? They had
better ^ayed at home. It is the most inconsistent thing
imaginable to suppose that people after being deceived should
leave their country, homes and friends and cross the wide
ocean and vast deserts into a land of which they knew nothing.
When Abraham was commanded to leave his home and
kindred he obeyed the mandate of the Most High, and the
fact that thousands are now here, settled through this long
strip of country, over hills, valleys and mountains, proves that
they have followed the example of the "father of the faithful,"
they have shown by their acts that they have received the aU-
inspiring power of the Holy Ghost which was promised them,
which revealed to them that the Lord had fulfilled the
prophecy of His servant Daniel, that without hands He had
cut a stone frojn the mountains, aiid that it had commenced to
move, and roll, and would continue on its course until it had
fulfilled the destiny predicted by the Prophet.
If the people here have not received the knowledge
promised in connection with their obedience to the Gospel,
they are acting most inconsistently ; for they are perpetuating
upon their children, their children's children, and upon future
generations, a system that is entirely false — binding a yoke of
tradition upon them, with consequences beyond the powder of
language to describe. And more than this, they are guilty of
the most gross offence before the Almighty, for they are not
only injuring themselves, but they are laying a foundation' to
destroy the happiness of unborn generations.
But the fact that the work still continues and increases,
and that the last words of the dying Saints to their children
and friends are, " I know by the revelations of God that this
work is true,'" is strong presumptive proof of its absolute truth.
If you Saints here do not know this work is of God, it is
your duty to rise up and declare you have been deceived,
342 BIOGRAPHY AND
acknowledge that the Spirit of God has not been given you,
and that the declaration of the Elder who promised it is
entirely false; and thus try to col-rect the error which you
have been guilty of propagating. At once leave the " Mermon "
Church, and you would resume a position that would be more
consistent : then get a testimony from on high that some other
church possesses the svstem of salvation — get a testimony that
the Book of Mormon and Book of Doctrine and Covenants are
spurious, and just the moment you get that testimony, where
are you? Where are the words of the Apostle Peter? "Repent
and be baptized, every one of you, and you shall receive the
Holy (rhost." Where are the words of the Lord Jesus? He
says, " It (the Holy Ghost) shall lead you into all truth, and
show you things to come." Where are the words of the
Apostle Paul? "Let this same mind be in you which was in
Christ Jesus, who, finding himself in the the form of God,
thought it not robbery to be equal with God." Where are the
words of John? "We know that we are the sons of God, and it
does not appear what we shall be, but we know that when He
(Jesus) ghall appear, we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him
as He is: and every man that hath this mind in him, purifies
himself, even as God is pure." Throw these doctrines aside;
let them pass and go to a Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist,
Quaker or. Shaker, then where is your Bible, and of what
account ?
I testify before this assembly, as I have testified before the
people throughout the different States of the Union, and
throughout England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Italy, Switzer-
land and France, that God Almighty, through m}- obedience
to the Gospel of Jesus, has revealed to me, tangibly, that this
is the work of God — that this is His Gospel, and that this is
His 'kingdom which Daniel prophesied should be set up in
the last days. I prophesy that any man who will be humble
before the Lord — any man who will, with child-like sim-
plicity, be baptized for the remission of his sins, shall receive
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 343
the Hoi}' Ghost, which shall lead him into all truth, and
show him things to come: he shall receive a knowledge from
God that His kingdom has been established in these latter
days ; and that it shall never be thrown down, or be left to
another people.
In saying this, I say no more than every man could say,
and has said, who had a dispensation of the Gospel. I would
not have traveled over the face of the earth, as I have for the
last thirty-five years, unless God had revealed this unto me.
I have already said, nothing but absolute duty ever prompted
me to travel and preach this Gospel; but I received a dispensa-
tion from the Most High, and I could say, and do say now, as
the Apostle Paul said : "I received not this Gospel from man,
but I received it by revelation from God." I say that
an}' man who will humble himself before God, and be
immersed in water (after repentance) for the remission of his
sins, shall receive, through the laying on of hands, the Holy
Ghost. Can I give him this? No. I, as a messenger of the
Lord, to whom authority has been delegated, administer
immersion for the remission of sins — I simply immerse him
in water, having authority so to do. I simply lay my hands
upon him for the reception of the Holy Ghost; then (xod, from
His holy presence, acknowledges my authority — acknowledges
that I am His messenger, and confers the Holy Ghost upon
the individual. This is the Gospel; this is what constitutes a
man a savior of life unto life, as Jesus told His disciples they
were.
Talk about this kingdom being destroyed! Talk about,
reason upon, lay plans here and there, by the combined wis-
dom of governments, to destroy the kingdom of God! Why,
you might as well try to pluck the stars from the firmament,
or the moon' and the sun from their orbits ! It can never be
accomplished, for it is the work of the great I AM. I advise
every man who has a disposition to put forth his hand against
this work to hold on and consider. Take the advice of
344 BIOGRAPHY AND
Gamaliel, the lawyer. Said he: "If this is the work of God,
ye can do nothing against it; if it is not, it will come to
nought."
Well, now, they say that the "Mormons" are fanatical.
If so, it is very good fanaticism. We have philosophy,
science, truth, the power of God and the testimony of good
men on our side. I can select twelve men, with whom I have
been acquainted during the last twenty-five, thirty or thirty-
five years: I have known them under varied circumstances,
in which their hearts have been proved, their feelings tried,
and their honesty and integrity tested. Have I confidence in
these men? I have just as much as I have when I read in
the New Testament about Twelve Apostles. I know nothing
about Peter, James, or the other Apostles, but these men
I know something about — I have seen their honor and
integrity tried under various circumstances in life. Have T
not a right to believe their testimony ? Most assuredly I have,
and I will prophesy of them — No, excuse me, I am not in the
habit of prophesying: I will say here, that in generations to
come, the doings of these men will be read — the account of
their labors in preaching the Gospel to the nations of the
earth — what they have suffered for the cause of God; the
imprisonment, contumeh", drivings from .Ohio, Missouri,
Jackson, and the northern counties of Missouri, and from
Illinois, and how they have passed through all this and almost
everytl;ing in the shape of suffering that can be imagined;
and have still adhered to, and borne their testimony to the
the truth. Their works will be read, and in generations to
come, people will have just as much confidence in these
men as Christians (so called) now profess to have in the
Twelve Apostles whose doings are recorded in the New Testa-
ment. They are just as good men, we have every reason to
believe.
As to the truth of what the Apostles, whom we read
of in the New Testament, said, I know nothing, only what
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 345
I experience, through having observed the same system
they preached. They received the blessings pertaining to it,
so have 1 received what they promised should be conferred
upon those who, in their day, received that system. There-
fore, we who have received a like experience are the only wit-
nesses to the truth of what those Apostles said; we are the only
witnesses of the truth in respect to what Jesus said. Jesus said,
"He that will do the will of my Father, shall know of the
doctrine." We are witnesses that Jesus told the truth.
The Apostles said that those who receive the Gospel by
baptism for the remission of sins, shall receive the Holy Ghost.
We are witnesses that they told the truth. Can the Methodist
or Presbyterian ministers witness to these facts? No: they
know nothing about them. They received their diplomas and
endowments at college — they trust in the wisdom of man— to
the knowledge of science; we trust in the power of the
Almighty. Perhaps it may be said to us: ''For ye see your
calling, brethren; how that not many wise men, after the
flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called. But
God hath chosen the foolish things of the world to confound
the wi"se ; and God hath chosen the weak things of the world
to confound the things that are mighty; and base things of
the world, and things that are despised, hath God chosen, yea,
and things which are not, to bring to nought things that are."
Well, I do not feel materially concerned about anything
that regards the advancement and prosperity of the. kingdom
of God. It is a matter that I have not contrived, nor my
brethren : it is the Lord's affair. Thus far He has done this
work. We never came to these valleys through our own
designs and wishes: the Lord our God brought us here, and
when He wants us to leave, we shall be better prepared to go
than we were to come. We simply do what our Heavenly
Father commands. God loves His offspring, the human
family. His design is not simply to create happiness for the
few called Latter-day Saints. The aim and scheme He is now
346 BIOGKAPHY AND
carrying out is for universal salvation — not only for the salva-
tion of the Latter-day Saints, but for the salvation of every
man and woman on the face of the earth: for those also in
the spirit world, and for those who may hereafter come upon
the earth. It is for the salvation of every son and daughter
of Adam. They are the offspring of the Almighty; He loves
them all, and His plans are for the salvation of the whole,
and He will bring all up into that position in which they will
be as comfortable and as happy as they are willing to be.
Our mission is to the world, and not simply to carry the
( xospel to the people, but to establish plans and lay fbundations
for their temporal salvation. Our object is as much for the
temporal as for the spiritual salvation of the people. The
time is approaching when the nations will be broken up, on
account of their wickedness. The ' Latter-day Saints are not
going to war against them — they will destroy themselves with
their immorality and abominations. They will quarrel and
contend one with another, State with State, and nation with
nation, until they are broken up; and thousands, tens and
hundreds of thousands, will, undoubtedly, come for protection
at the hands of the servants of God, as much so as in the
days of Joseph in P]gypt, when he was called upon to devise a
plan for the salvation of the house of Israel.
We have received revelations, and, accordingly, we are
here in these mountain vales, and we are going to stay. We
shall cultivate our farms and lay a foundation for a time when
the nations shall be broken up. Multitudes will then flee to
these valleys of the mountains for safety, and we shall extend
protection to them. You may say, "Shall you require them
to be baptized and become Tjatter-day Saints?" Not by any
means. I often meet gentlemen from different portions of the
Union. I never offer them my religious views, unless they
seek them. I am not anxious to push my religious views upon
any man. I will do them all the good T can. Tf a gentleman
comes into my neighborhood, a stranger, I will say, will you
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 347
have something to eat? Is there anything I can do for you?
I am not anxious to make a "Mormon" of him — not by any
means; we extend the hand of charity just as far as people are
willing we should; but when, as I said at the commencement,
peoj)le are crowding upon us — those who are determined to
destroy us — who have not the principles of humanity in their
bosoms, we cannot exercise the charity in their behalf that
we desire.
We expect to do good ; it is our duty as the servants and
ministers of God upon the earth to do good to His offspring.
This is our mission, and it is as much our dut}- to do good to
those who do not receive the (lospel, as it is to do good to our-
selves; and (Jod will give us the opportunity, just in accord-
ance to our desires, despite the efforts of evil-minded men.
Our duty is to save, not to destroy ; and as we improve and
advance, and develop the attributes of Deity within us, (lod
will remove from our path the impediments which obstruct
our progress, and the bitter branches, as they increase and
manifest themselves, will, one after another, be removed, until
the people of God have all the opportunities they can desire
to do good to the world. God bless you, my brethren and
friends. — Journal of Discourses.
348 BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER XLVI.
Liorenzo's birthday. — A surprise. — His escort. — Enthusiastically greeted.—
Address. — He responds. — Singing "Grandfather's Clock." — A hair picture
presented. — Recitation by the children.— Autograph album presented. —
Tables loaded with luxuries. — Dinner.— Singing. — Lorenzo makes a
speech. — Parting Hymn.— Dismissal.
'HE following is a synopsis of the report of a surprise
tendered to brother Lorenzo, by the members of his
family, on the third of April, 1879, in celebration of the
.sixty-fifth anniversary of his birth.
The family assembled at four p. m., at the old homestead,
when four of Lorenzo's daughters, to wit: Mesdames Roxcy
Box, Sylvia West, Ida Gibbs, and Clara McAllister, having
been previously appointed, escorted their father into the
assembly. Upon entering the hall, he was enthusiastically
greeted with smiling faces, and maii}'^ sweet voices joining in
the song,
WE ARE ALL HERE.
We are all, all here;
Father, mother, sister, brother,
All who hold each other dear;
Each chair is filled, we're all at home,
To-night let no cold stranger come.
It is not often thus around
Our old, familiar hearth we're found;
Bless then the meeting and the spot —
For once be every care forgot ;
Let gentle peace assert her power,
And kind affection rule the hour;
We're all, all here — we're all, all here.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 349
We are not all here!
Father, mother, sister, brother,
Some have gone who were most dear;
But we now gather 'round this hearth,
Though some have passed away from earth;
The voice that once with ours did ring,
Has gone to dwell where angels sing;
0, then, that wisdom may we know,
That yields a life of peace below;
And in the life that follows this,
May each repeat the words of bliss,
We're all, all here — we're all, all here.
We are not all here!
Father, mother, sister, brother,
Yet our theughts will bring them near;
We pray that our whole earthly band,
Before God's throne at last may stand
Unbroken as the links of love,
In- that bright home in heaven above.
The severed links, the golden chain.
Be there united once again;
With this sweet thought our hearts we'll cheer,
For then we'll say, we all are here;
We're all, all here — we're all, all here.
0. G. Show, the eldest son, hud been commissioned to lead
in the programme, and state the object of the meeting; being
absent, Professor E. X. Box, a son-in-law, gave the following-
address;
President Lorenzo Snow :
Respected Husband and Father. — We, your wives, chil-
dren, grandchildren, sons-in-law, and daughters-in-law, have
convened on this occasion, in honor of the sixty-fifth anriiver-
sary of your birth, having a sincere desire to manifest our
respect and gratitude to one whose kindness and wise counsels,
of which \vc, as \\\\\ as many others, have been the favored
recipi(Mits.
350 BIOGRAPHY AND
May the returns of the day be many and happy ones, and
may your cares and sorrows never be occasioned by members
of this extensive, and, we trust, truly respected family; and,
thougli the words of our Savior, " A man's foes shall be they
of his own household," may be verily true in many cases, in
yours may they prove to be stricth^ inapplicable.
The poet sa^^^s:
If the stock of our bliss is in strangers' hands vested,
The fund, ill-secured, oft in bankruptcy ends;
But the heart issues bills that are never protested,
When drawn on the firm of wife, children and friends.
The day-spring of youth, still unclouded by sorrow,
Alone, on itself for enjoyment depends;
But dreary the twilight of age, when it borrows
No warmth from the smiles of wife, children and friends.
And we say:
May we onward and upward, all cherish and nourish
The virtues on which this rich blessing depends;
And may we with love and fond hearts ever cherish
Tlie tie that now makes us wives, children and friends.
Wishing you man}-, very man}' happy returns, we remain,
your loving and obedient Family.
Brother Lorenzo responded in a fatherly, atfectionate
speech, replete with wise counsels and exhortations — referring
to the order of the Priesthood, and the blessings, both temporal
and spiritual, to be secured through obedience to its require-
ments; and closed by warmly and feelingly expressing -his
thanks and appreciation of their united expression, and
Vjlessed his happy audience.
After which, Mrs. Armeda S. Young luul Miss Dora Snow
sang "Grandfather's Clock," all joining in the chorus. Then a
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 351
committee of eldest three daughters, Mesdames Abigail S.
Rosenbaum, Eliza S. Dunford and Rosetta S. Loveland, in a
neat speech in behalf of the family, presented their father a
beautiful hair picture, consisting of a spray in the centre,
composed of his hair and that of his wives, which was
encircled with a choice wreath of hair of the children — a slij)
of paper, with the name of each attached to his or her hair,
and all set in a rich frame, comprising a record of forty
members of the family. An autograph album was also pre-
sented, containing interesting and appropriate sentiments.
After another song by the company, a recitation by the
children followed, then all repaired to the dining hall, and sat
down to tables loaded with luxuries, where floral decorations
shed a sweet perfume on all around.
The social table repast over, the remainder of the evening-
was devoted to singing, speeches, readings, recitations, toasts,
etc., until nine o'clock, when Brother Snow again addressed
the company. His heart seemed to overflow with joy and affec-
tion as he spoke of the blessed privilege of renewing oui-
relationship hereafter, and of extending it in unlimited
duration. He again blessed his family, and, after a parting-
hymn was sung, dismissed the assembly — thus closing a
delightful scene, which will long live in sweet remembrance of
all present.
352 BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER XLVII.
George F. Gibbs.— His parents receive the Gospel. — His early youth. —
Employed in a printing establishment. — How he stood with his asso-
ciates.— Had to fight liis way to maintain his integrity. — Honored the
Word of Wisdom.— Drew a prize.— Was highly honored.— Chosen for
out-door preaching. — Compliments his mother. — Leaves home for
Liverpool. — Clerk and book-keeper in Liverpool Office. — Emigrates to
America. — In President B. Young's Office. — Goes to Liverpool Office. —
Works there three years. — Home again.— Anecdote. — Masters Phon-
ography.— Has been and now is Church Reporter.
WAS born iii the town of Haverford-West, Pembroke
County, South Wales, November 23d, 184(). My parents'
names are George Duggan and Ellen Phillips Gibbs.
On my mother's side I am Welsh, and on my father's of
English descent. My great-grandfather, John Gibbs, with one
of his brothers, on leaving his home on the Isle of Wight, was
shipwrecked on the south coast of Pembrokeshire, South
Wales, where they afterwards married and settled.
In 1850 Daniel Williams, a "Mormon" missionary Elder,
came to my native town, became acquainted with my parents,
and made his home with them before they joined the Church.
During this time my brother, Charles Warren, was taken
dangerously ill. Elder Williams administered to him, and he
was instantly healed. This ftict created an interest in the new
religion, as it Avas called, and my parents were among the first
to receive it.
When seven years old, I well remember wishing I was
eight, that I might be baptized; and on the night I was eight,
my father baptized me according to the rites of the Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. At an early age 1 was
ordained a Deacon, and assisted the senior Deacon of the
branch in sweejjing, dusting, and carrying water for him to
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 353
wash the floor of the meeting house. While yet young, I was
ordained Teacher, then Priest and Elder, and officiated as
clerk and treasurer of the branch, also clerk of the conference.
I attended a common school until sixteen years old, when
I left, of my own accord, to accept a situation as junior clerk
in a printing establishment. After having officiated there
eleven months, a communication from Presidents Wells and
Young, of the European mission, informed my father of a
vacancy in the Liverpool office, tendering me the situation,
which I gladly accepted.
During the nine years from my baptism, until I left my
home for the Liverpool office, I acquired an experience which
has ever been delightful to contemplate. I learned early to
call upon the Lord and to place implicit confidence in Him,
and have ever since regarded it as one of the dearest privileges
accorded to a human being. From my earliest recollection, I
attended meeting, and during these years I never missed one ;
and I cannot remember when I did not know the truth and
divinity of "Mormonism." It seems to me I have always
known it.
The character of the richer portion of the people of my
native town was strictly aristocratic, to whom the Gospel of
the meek and lowly Nazarene, as taught by the Latter-day
Saints, was beneath even a casual notice; and the spirit of the
poorer class, was, as a general thing, not only opposed, but
ofttimes led many of them to ill treat those who adhered to
it. As our little branch never numbered more than twenty or
thirty at a time, with its members widely scattered, as "Mor-
mons," it may readily be perceived how we stood in relation to
the people of the town generally. From my youth I was
known among my fellows as a "Mormon," and during my
boyhood had to fight my way in order to maintain my ground
as a boy among boys. Had I taken to myself the counsel the
Savior gave to His disciples to govern them in their ministry,
namely, to "turn the other cheek," mv spirit would have been
25
354 BIOGRAPHY AND
crushed in my youth through imposition and abuse. I learned
to defend and fight for my religion from the word go, and it
has always seemed the sweeter to me, perhaps, on that account.
Having had to cope with opposition to the truth from early
boyhood, I very naturally imbibed the spirit to stand by my
friends, the friends brought to me through the everlasting
Gospel, and this element of brotherhood I now regard as being
essential in the character of a true Latter-da}^ Saint.
For out-of-door games I always had a particular fondness.
I do not think there lived a boy that loved play better than I ;
consequently the temptation to play at night as well as in the
day was strong and great. But a spirit early impressed me
not to join my playmates after dark. I believed then it was
the Spirit of the Lord that prompted me, and therefore I
resolved in my own mind to govern myself accordingly. I
have since regarded this step taken in early boyhood as that
which placed me beyond the temptations that most of my
fellows became victims to. And it is the fact, in connection
with my early connection with the Church of God, that my
boyhood days were days of purity that makes the reminis-
cences of youth so sweet and delightful to contemplate.
Although brought up among boys of the world, many of
whom were under no restraint and, therefore, could indulge
in unbecoming language and pernicious practices with
impunity, through having early been taught the Word of
A\^isdom and to regard as most sacred the name of the Lord,
and having so soon been brought into the harness of the
(lospel, I was enabled to set an example before my school-
mates that won me their confidence and respect. In this
connection I am reminded of an incident at school which I
may be excused for mentioning : At one of our annual
examinations, which were always j)ublic, the mayor of the
town announced during his address that, to the boy who
should excel in deportment and punctuality the ensuing
twelve months, he would present the sum of two guineas.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 355
This was, of course, hailed with delight by the boys, and met
with general favor by the parents. The children attending
the school (numbering from one hundred and fifty to two
hundred) were the offspring of the Nonconformist element of the
town — the people who had manfully stood out against the rites
of the Church of England being foisted upon them. As boys,
therefore, we represented all the dissenting religious denomina-
tions, I being, however, the only "Mormon" boy. At the begin-
ning of the school year a book was provided, afterwards known
as the Black Book, in which the names of boys were to be recorded
for misbehavior or bad conduct. The year rolled by and
examination time came. At the close of the mayor's address
he reminded the scholars of his last year's promise; and amid
the utmost stillness he announced the name of George F.
(jribbs as being the only boy that had not been tardy or
absent during the year, and the only boy whose name was
not recorded in the Black Book. By request of the mayor
I presented myself before him to receive the reward, and was
the recipient of a high compliment from his lips. In com-
peting for this reward, besides its monetary value I had
another object in view, namely, to show oui- highly religious
and high-minded townsfolk, in a small way, to be sure, that
"Mormonism" produced fruits, and that its fruits, produced by
boys as well as men, were good.
At one of the monthy council meetings of the Priesthood
of the conference, steps were taken to pair off with a view to
out-of-door preaching, certain men being allowed to choose
each his own companion. To the amusement of the council
Elder Wm. Bowen chose me, a young, inexperienced boy. I
assisted him in this labor some two years, until I left home
to go to Liverpool, and was greatly benefited in my associa-
tions with him, he being a man of great faith and understand-
ing, and a most agreeable companion.
Our's was always an open house to the Elders; it was, as
many now living know, a free and welcome home to all. It
356 BIOGRAPHY AND
was what is called the "Conference house." If my dear mother
possessed one trait more conspicuous than another, it was that
which led her, during eighteen years of her lifetime, to receive
and care for the Elders. When I was big enough it fell to my
lot to relieve mother of a job which she had been doing for
years before I commenced, namely, to black the shoes of the
brethren. This labor became part of my day's doings, lasting
some six or seven years, and I never thought it irksome.
Leaving home to go to Liverpool was, up to that time, the ,
event of my life. I was young and green. I had pictured the
heads of the European mission and their immediate associates
to be without fault or human infirmity — so natural was it for
me to respect, think well off and look up to the Elders from
Zion. Four years lacking a few weeks I labored in the Liver-
pool office, first as junior clerk, then as book-keeper. As a
member of the Liverpool branch I acted in the office of clerk,
of Teacher and that of president. As clerk in the office I
labored under Presidents Wells and Young, Jan., under Presi-
dent Young, Jun., and under President F. D. Richards. I believe
I can say truly that while there I merited the good will and
blessing of those with whom I was more directly associated, as
well as that of the many Elders whose acquaintance I made;
and that I labored faithfully and honestly in the service of
God and the brethren.
In the year 1868 I emigrated, after haying been detained,
until some time after the close of the emigration season, to
settle up emigration matters and leave in good shape the
accounts of the office. In New York also I was detained
two weeks, waiting for that portion of the unfortunate
Emerald Isle company that had been put under quarantine
and which had survived the hospital treatment of Manhattan
Island. By this time they were able to be moved, and I
traveled with them. F. C. Anderson had charge of the com-
pany ; I was entrusted with the medicine chest which had been
specially prepared for the sick.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 357
After arriving in Salt Lake City I called on President
Young and was employed by him as a clerk in his office, and
invited by him to board with part of his family.
At the expiration of three years I was called to return
to the Liverpool office. The circumstance was this: On the
Sunda}^ afternoon previous to leaving, the President called me
into his private office and said, George, don't j^ou want to go
back to Liverpool? I answered, No, sir. But, said he, we
(the quorum of the Twelve then present) have just voted that
you leave here for Liverpool on Tuesday morning at five
o'clock. I replied, All rightj sir, I'll be ready. The following
day I received my appointment, and was set apart to this
mission and ordained to the office of Seventy under the hands
of Presidents B. Young and George A. Smith. At the time
stated (in company with Brother Geoxge W. Thatcher, who
had, been called previously) I left, and was gone three years,
laboring in connection with President A. Carrington and
President Joseph F. Smith, presidents of the mission.
I returned in 1874 and worked nine months in the office
of Z. C. M. I. This position I resigned to accept the clerk-
ship of the Logan Tithing Office. While in Logan, on a
certain occasion, I accompanied Brothers M. H. Hardy and
B. Morris Young to Brigham and Bear River cities in the
interest of mutual improvement societies. At Brigham I
stayed with Morris at his mother-in-law's. Sister Harriet Snow,
and spent the evening with part of Brother Snow's family.
Here I first met my wife. • During my visit (some three days),
1 was reminded of a circumstance that I had entirely for-
gotten, which proved a source of encouragement to me in
approaching my wife on the subject of marriage. I had met
Brother Snow in Liverpool while he was en route to Palestine
with the George A. party; and on waiting upon him in the
Great Western Hotel he, in his jocular way, told me that he
had some unmarried daughters, and invited me to make their
acquaintance with a view to becoming one of his many sons-
358 BIOGRAPHY AND
in-law. I thanked liim, not thinking for a moment, however,
that there would be anything more to it.
On Sunday, the 21st of May, 1876, with his consent, I
married his daughter Ida, whose mother is Eleanor Houtz
Snow. After our marriage we lived about three months in
Logan, Cache County, where I was employed, when I received
a communication from President Young inviting me to return
to Salt Lake City to act as reporter for the Church. In explana-
tion I should state that during my three years' residence in Salt
Lake I took up with the study of phonography (a study that I
had early paid some attention to), practising it nights and
mornings. .The President, noticing me diligently working late
a,nd early, inquired one day what I was doing. On my telling
him he seemed much pleased, and told me to stick to it until I
mastered it. He afterwards got Brother David W. Evans, the
Church stenographer, to organize a class, which I joined. At
first the class numbered forty-three; when I left to go on my
mission it numbered five, including myself I have acted ever
since in the capacity of Church rej^orter.
From the foregoing brief sketch it will be seen that from
my 3'outh it has fallen to my lot to associate more or less
with the Priesthood of our Church — a privilege I have ever
highly appreciated. And the more intimate my relations
have been with our leading men, one and one only thought
has come uppermost to mind, namely, that of heartfelt
thanks and gratitude to God the Eternal Father for gathering
me from an obscure corner of the ' earth, and delivering me
from the midst of bigotry and superstitious ignorance of the
everlasting plan of salvation, and for guiding my footsteps in
the way of virtue and rectitude, thus fitting me to be His and
their servant. And I will have realized my most sanguine
hope if, in the hereafter, I shall be found worthy to continue
my relations with them, as their fellow servant, in the great
work of human redemption and salvation.
George F. Gibbs.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 359
CHAPTER XLVIir.
M, D. Rosenbaum leaves his native country-. — In San Francisco. — Goes to
Carson, — A voice speaks to him. — Goes to Salt Lake. — At Elder Neibaur's*
— Baptized. — Called on mission to Germany. — In Berlin. — Attends meet-
ing.—Is arrested. — Tried and sentenced. — Banished. — Returns home. —
F. H, Snow appointed to a mission. — Reflections. — Strangers marvel. —
What an affrighted Catholic said. — The captain of the steamer replies. —
An incident. — Tired and hungry. — Why he goes to bed snpperless. — A
retort. — What a priest did. — The Channel Islands. — Released and returns
home. — Expression of gratitude.
HE following synopsis is from the pen of Elder Morris
D. Rosenbaum, son-in-law of my brother Lorenzo: I
left my native country when about nineteen j^ears of
age, for America — arrived in New York in 1850, traveled
through the Eastern and Southern States to New Orleans, and
from there by steamer via Havana and Panama to San
Francisco.
In California, hearing of a "Mormon" settlement in
Carson Valley, I was impressed to visit it, and accoj'dingly
went over the mountains to see and learn of the doctrine of
that people. I remember, when first coming in sight of the
settlement, hearing a voice saying, " There is a people which
you never leave." Arriving in Carson Valley, I stopped with
Simon Baker — he argued with me about "Mormonism" from
noon until midnight, seemingly making very little impression
on my mind. My desire to be with this people increased, and
as they moved en masse for Salt Lake Valley, I made up my
mind to travel with them, remain there during the winter, and
return to my native country the following spring.
During the winter of 185G-7, I stopped in Salt Lake Cit}',
and attended Brother Isaac Bowman's school in the Seventeenth
360 BIOGRAPHY AND
Ward. Visiting Brother Alexander Neibaur (of the same
nativit}' as myself), he preached the Gospel to me — I became
interested in its principles — a peaceful spirit wrought mightily
in me — commending the ancient Gospel to my conscience.
I read the Book of Mormon from beginning to end, in
connection with the Bible, prayerfully, and arose from its
perusal with a strong conviction on my mind, this book ivas
written by inspiration.
Dreams and visions, in vay slumbering hours, began to
have great effect on my mind; but when I listened to my
selfish thoughts, I hated "Mormonism" in my heart, and
regretted ever hearing it.
I well remember Brother Neibaur bearing his testimony
of the truth of the Gospel to me. I said to him, " Mr. Neibaur,
why cannot I have such a testimony?" He replied, "Mr.
Rosenbaum, I promise you in the name of Israel's God, you
will, if you obey the principles of the Gospel, and honestly ask
your heavenly Father for it." Such a promise I longed for,
and made up my mind to embrace the truth; was baptized
on the 27th of March, 1858, by Brother John Tingey, of the
Seventeenth Ward, Salt Lake City; and a short time after, I
received a testimony which I desire never to forget.
Early in April, 1858, I was called and went to Echo
Canyon, in company with others, to assist in defending the
people — traveled south in time of " the move," and stopped in
Provo a short time.
July 2d, 1858, I was ordained a Seventy, and united with
the fifth quorum of Seventies ; lived in Salt Lake City until
1861, then, on April 10th, removed to Brigham City, and have
lived here from that time.
In the Spring of 1880 I was called and went on a mission
to Germany — arrived at Berlin July 10th. At a conference
held there. Elder Budge presiding, I was called and set apart
to preside over the North German Mission, August 15th, 1880.
On the 19th, held an evening meeting in Berlin — was arrested
AUTOBIOGRAPHY, 361
there for preaching the Gospel, and put in prison that night —
had an examination the next day, which lasted from 7 a. m.
until 4 p. m., when the court decreed my banishment from
Berlin and the kingdom of Prussia, Avith orders to leave the
next day at noon, and never to return, under pain of fine and
imprisonment.
August 21st, I left by railroad for the kingdom of Bavaria,
traveled through there and adjoining kingdoms, as Baden,Wur-
temburg and Hanover, for about one year, when I was released
and returned home.
Morris D. Rosexbaum.
From the journal of Franklin H. Snow:
I received a letter from President John Taylor informing
me that my name had been presented, and that I had been
accepted as a missionary to Europe.
As soon as I read the letter, I thanked the Lord that my
prayers had been answered, for I had much desired to visit
my mother's native country, and declare the glad tidings of
salvation. I knew that the principles which I had been
taught by my father and mother were principles that would
benefit all who put them in practice.
I wrote to President Taylor that I accepted the mission
and should endeavor to magnify my calling. On the 12th of
October, 1880, I left my home in company of fifty Elders,
thirty of whom were missionaries to Europe, the others to dif-
ferent portions of the United States.
None but those that have left their comfortable homes
and large circles of relatives and friends, can imagine my feel-
ings when the train started out from Ogden City to carry me
thousands of miles from my home. I was not acquainted
with any of the Elders on the train when we started, but all
having been baptized into one spirit, we had associated
together but a short time before we were all acquainted.
Strangers on the train, Avho were not of us, made frequent
362 BIOGRAPHY AND
remarks and marveled and queried how it was that we put so
much confidence in each other.
We arrived safely in New York, and on the 19th left on
the steamship Wyoming; were thirteen days on the ocean,
wdth very rough weather for nine days. There was a Catholic
on board who was so dreadfull}' frightened that he was frantic
and blamed the d — d "Mormons" for the rough w' eather. He said
if he had known that so many "Mormons" were on the
steamer he would have stayed in New York. The captain
told him that if it had not been for the "Mormons," in all
probability, they might all have been in the bottom of the
ocean.
When we arrived in Liverpool, I believe I was as much
delighted to see land as was . Columbus when he discovered
America, for I had been seasick for several days, and even the
sight of land seemed medicinal, I was appointed to labor in
the London Conference, under the direction of President Ros-
kelley, in connection with Brother W. W. AVilley, and with
him commenced in my field of labor on the 6th of November,
and walked about fourteen miles to the first family in our dis-
trict.
No one, without similar experience, can imagine how I
felt when I found myself seated by the side of a fireplace wdth
a large number of small children thinly clad. When I sat
down to supper, I saw there were from eight to ten hungry
children to be fed from the scanty meal which was scarcely
enough for five hungry persons. I ate very sparingly, and
went to bed feeling rather discouraged, and thinking I could
do no good among such poor people. Young and inex-
perienced as I was, I did not realize that God had not chosen
the rich of this world to be heirs of His kingdom, but that He
had chosen the poor and the meek of the earth. I traveled
three weeks feeling that I was doing no good, and that I could
be more happy at home in the society of my friends, and in
the enjoyment of the comforts of life. Elder Willey did all
AUTOBIOGRAPHY.- 363
he could to encourage and help me out of my dangerous con-
dition. I did not and could not, at that time, realize what a
strong hold the adversary had on me to prevent the fulfilment
of my mission. I was really impressed with the idea that it
was impossible for me to endure the hardships and privations
that most missionaries had to put up with ; but I wished to
honor my father and mother, although without a testimony
from my heavenly Father, I felt that I could not travel among
the people.
With these impressions, I wandered into the lone woods
and offered up a short prayer to God, and in the sincerity of
my heart asked Him to give me a contented mind that I
might fill my mission acceptably before my Father in heaven.
From that very moment the powers of darkness gave way
and a different influence surrounded me, and I saw clearly
that I was engaged in a great and glorious work; that the
Gospel must be preached to all that had ears to hear, the poor
as well as the rich. From the time I offered up that prayer
until the close of my mission I always felt well, and never
wished to return home till I was honorably released.
I traveled with Elder AVilley about three weeks, and then
traveled alone. I had to walk about one hundred and fifty
miles to visit ten families of Saints, and they all were so poor
that they could keep me but one night out of three weeks. I
walked from ten to twenty-five and thirty miles per day. I
recollect walking over twenty miles one day, arriving at a
Saint's house just at dark, tired and hungry; I had but a
scanty breakfast in the morning, and no dinner,' for the sen-
sible reason that I had no money to pay for it. By supper
time I felt as though I could make a hearty meal on dry crusts.
The good sister got supper for me, and as I sat down to eat, a
little girl about ten years of age brought from the cupboard,
two hard biscuits, and said they had been there a week — that
they had kept them for Mr. Snow to eat. As hungry as I was,
that took away my appetite, and I retired to bed supperless.
364 BIOGRAPHY AND
I never shall forget the first time I distributed tracts to
strangers. I called at a house of a well-to-do" lady, and told
her I would like to converse with her on the Gospel. She
seemed very much interested as well as astonished, when I
spoke of the necessity of Apostles and Prophets, and of signs
following the believer, whenever the Church of Christ was on
the earth. I conversed with her nearly or quite one hour, and
she said that all I had told her was true. I then bore my tes-
timony that the true Church of Christ was on the earth — that
it was organized by the Prophet Joseph Smith. At that she
threw the tract I had presented her in my face and shut the
door, saying, "All you have told me is false if Joe Smith had
anything to do with it." I then went on my way feeling
more determined than ever to preach the Gospel.
The first out-door meeting I held was in a small village
in Bedfordshire. I called on a family and wished to know if
they would accept of a tract. I told them who I was, and that
I had come six thousand miles to tell them that God had
again spoken from the heavens, and that all mankind were
commanded to repent and obey the Gospel. The lady of the
house (if I may call her a lady) said she had heard of "old
Joe Smith" — that he had dug a book out of a rock, and' she
did not wish to know any more about him. "Have you?"
said I; "I have not heard of any such man, and I would
like to learn from you to what man you refer who dug
a book out of a rock." She said, "Old Joe Smith." She
appeared quite angry at me for not knowing what she meant.
Then I said, "I presume you mean the Prophet Joseph
Smith, who had records delivered to him by an angel ?" She
retorted, " There is no such thing as angels in our day, and the
Bible don't speak of any other book." I then asked her if she
would let me see her Bible. She tapped one of her little girls
on the head and told her to get me a Bible. I then read to
her the twenty-ninth chapter of Isaiah. By this time there
were thirty people gathered around, and I availed myself of
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 365
the opportunity to preach to them. After the meeting I deliv-
ered tracts to nearly every family in the village. After I left,
I heard that the minister sent women around to gather up the
tracts I had circulated, arid bring them to him, and he called
u meeting and told a mass of falsehoods about the Saints. I
comforted m3'self with "Blessed are ye when men shall revile
you and speak all manner of e\41 against you falsely for my
name's sake."
For three months during the very coldest weather I had
not one cent in my pocket; for what little I had when I arrived
in England, I spent for food for the destitute Saints, and I can
testify that during those three months I received greater mani-
festations of the power of God than ever before or since.
During the seven months in which I labored in the district of
Hertford and Bedfordshire, I traveled on foot two thousand one
hundred miles. My next field of labor was Kent, the garden
spot of England. I labored there eleven months with much
satisfaction. The Saints in Kent were not so scattered, and I
was enabled to hold meetings more frequently, and the people
were less opposed to the Gospel than in Bedfordshire.
President West gave me a mission to the Channel Islands,
and I remained on the Isle of Jersey about three months. The
Saints were few, and so very poor they could only give me one
meal per day, and I managed to make the other two cost me
but sixpence. When I learned the degraded condition of the
people on the island, I was not surprised that out of sixty
tliousand so few had embraced the pure Gospel of Jesus.
Many, ver}" many of the inhabitants reveled in debauchery.
There was scarcely a street but what was polluted with one or
more houses of ill-fame; hundreds of young women walked
the streets from sundown till past midnight. It was there I
learned to appreciate the noble and sacred virtue of the youth
of Zion.
While on the islands, I was released from my mission to
return home. I went directly to London, where I took train
366 BIOGRAPHY AND
for Liverpool, and there, on the 21st of October, 1882, took
steamer to New York, and arrived at my home on the 10th of
November.
During the two years I was abroad, I traveled on foot over
six thousand miles; by rail, six thousand, and on the water,
eight thousand. The time spent in preaching the Gospel, with
all its hardships and privations, was the [happiest of my life.
I bore my testimony to thousands, and I know that the Lord
blessed my labors.
I thank God, my heavenly Father, that I was permitted
to fill my mission, and to return home to meet those who are
dear to me by the ties of nature. I can still bear a faithful
testimony that the fulness of the everlasting Gospel of Jesus
Christ has been restored to earth, with all its powers, gifts and
ordinances, through the Prophet Joseph Smith.
Franklin Horton Snow\
CHAPTER XLIX.
Discourse by Elder Lorenzo Snow, delivered in a meeting of tlie St. George
Stake of Zion, in the Temple, April 5th, 1877; reported by George F,
Gibbs. — Necessity for effort. — What the Lord said to Oliver Cowdery. —
Regulation of temporal affairs, — Consecration and stewardship.^Prepa-
ration for building in Jackson County. — The United Order. — Plural
marriage. — Responsibility of Presidents. — How confidence is created. —
The necessity of its cultivation. — Desires for the future.
N occupying the time this morning, I wish, in the first
place, to call your attention to the fact that we are Lat-
ter-day Saints, or at least ought to be ; and that as such
we are dependent upon the Lord for our instruction. This is
in accordance with our faith — that we have to look to Him for
assistance under all circumstances, in all places, in all our
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 367
affairs in life, and in all matters pertaining to our advance-
ment in the principles of godliness.
Assembled together as we are this morning, it is very
necessary that we ask the Lord for His Spirit, the spirit of
inspiration, to rest upon us as speakers and as hearers, that
we may be enabled to comprehend what may be spoken, and
that it may be adapted to our ' individual needs. It is impos-
sible to progress in the principles of truth — to increase in
heavenly knowledge, except we exercise our reasoning facul-
ties and exert ourselves in a proper manner. We have an
instance recorded in the Doctrine and Covenants of a misun-
derstanding on the part of Oliver Cowdery, touching this
principle. The Lord promised him the gift to translate
ancient records. Like many of us to-day, he had misconcep-
tions in regard to the exercise of the gift. He thought all
that was necessary for him to do, inasmuch as this gift had
been promised him of God, was to allow his mind to wait in
idleness without effort, until it should operate spontaneously.
But when these records were placed before him, no knowledge
was communicated; they still continued sealed, as it were, for
,no power to translate rented upon him.
Although the gift to translate had been conferred, he
could not j)rosecute the work, simply because he failed to
exert himself before God, with the view of developing the gift
within him, and he was greatl}^ disappointed ; and the Lord in
His goodness and mercy informed him of his mistake, using
the following language :
"Behold, you have not understood; you have supposed
that I Avould give it unto you when you took no thought, save
it was to ask me; but, behold, I say unto you, that you must
study it out in your mind; then you must ask me if it be
right; and if it is right I will cause that your bosom shall
burn within you," etc.
So in regard to us respecting the things which we are
undertaking. If we expect to improve and advance in the
368 BIOGRAPHY AND
work immediately before us, and finally obtain possession of
those gifts and glories — coming up to that condition of exalta-
tion we anticipate, we must take thought and reflect : we must
exert ourselves, and that too to the utmost of our abilities.
The text given us by President Young yesterday, and to
which Ave, in our prayer this morning, asked God to direct
our remarks, was the work pertaining to our present wants
and necessities, in which we are now immediately concerned.
The question here arises, How shall we regulate affairs so as
to qualify us to perform the duties and obligations devolving
ujjon us to-day, and secure to ourselves the blessings of eternal
life? On this subject, so far as the Lord will give me His
Holy Spirit, through the exercise of your faith, I wish to speak
this morning. I desire, however, to confine myself more par-
ticularly to the subject relating to our financial union — unit-
ing ourselves together as brethren who have entered into the
everlasting covenant of the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ,
expecting to dwell together in the presence of God in the
celestial world.
We have been told, through the revelations of God, to
which our attention has often been called, that unless we
become one in temporal as well as spiritual things, it were use-
less to anticipate the fulness of celestial glory or a state of
oneness in the spiritual things of God. But what course we
are to take in order to arrive at this most desirable condition
seems to remain a difficult, unsolved problem. Doubtless
many have asked themselves. What can we do, and how shall
we do it? ,
Now let our minds revert for a few minutes to the time
when we received the fulness of the everlasting Gospel, in the
countries where it first reached us. As soon as we became
convinced of the truth, and that the Elders who preached the
Gospel were the servants of God, we offered ourselves as candi-
dates for baptism for the remission of sins, receiving the Holy
Ghost through the laying on of their hands, and then felt
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 369
determined to do whatever the Lord should require through
His servants, and continue to follow their counsel in all
things, even to the sacrifice oi all that we possessed, if neces-
sary, whether pertaining to the world's wealth, or that which
w^e held in higher or dearer esteem.
We learned an important and significant fact, that we
were the offspring of God, inheriting, tliough only in infantile
form, the same attributes He possessed, and that through pro-
bationary experience, by passing the ordeals of earth, rejecting
the evil and accepting the good, these attributes could be
developed until eventually we might receive a fulness of the
Godhead and dwell in the presence of the Father. We
became acquainted with this fact, and were convinced in our
hearts that the object that then appeared before us was well
worthy of all that we could bestow upon it. Hence we
resolved that we would accomplish the undertaking, though at
the sacrifice of all we called our own. We well understood
that in order to attain to that position which would entitle us
to this exaltation, it would be necessary to submit ourselves
wholly to the mind and will of God. We felt in our hearts to
consecrate our wives, our children, our property (if we had
any), and our time and abilities to the service of God. Had
the law of consecration been presented at that time, without
doubt it would have been hailed with joy, as it is in exact
accordance with the spirit of our covenants.
According to the order of the celestial world, as revealed
to the Latter-day Saints, respecting the property we might
possess, we were required to consecrate all to the Lord, and
then to be made stewards, as pointed out by revelation in the
Book of Doctrine and Covenants, and were to continue to
devote that which might be entrusted to us to the service of
God; and so far as we increased the property of our steward-
ship,we were to devote the same to the benefit of the Kingdom
of God, which would be used for the building of temples,
emigrating and sustaining the poor, and for carrving on the
2(i
370 BIOGRAPHY AND
great work of redeeming Israel. This feeling which we enter-
tained at the beginning was to continue to burn in our bosoms,
and we were to be faithful and honest in our professions.
I know that many of us, when we came to the valleys,
conformed to this law of consecration, which is now published
in the Book of Doctrine and Covenants. We deeded our prop-
erty, and many were willing, perhaps not all, that, if neces-
sary, every part and portion of it might have been used as the
servants of God should have directed. This is the kind of
feeling that we then entertained, and just so long as we main-
tained this condition of mind, of willing obedience, it was all
that was required. But I fear that this feeling which gave us
so much joy — which tended to increase our faith and confi-
dence in God and in one another, has not continued to grow
correspondingly with our general prosperity, experience and
knowledge of the Gospel. So far as this is the case, my testi-
mony to you is that we stand this day not wholly approved of
God, although we have the privilege of worshiping in this
Temple, reared to His holy name. But just so far as this will-
ingness exists in our hearts to appropriate our means which
we have accumulated, for the upbuilding of the Kingdom of
God upon the earth, and that too without grudging, even as
the former da}' Saints laid theirs down at the feet of the
Apostles, so far are we approved and accepted of God. Who,
among the Latter-day Saints within the hearing of my voice
this day, could fail to comprehend this?
In many of our business relations one with another, there
does not exist that spirit of union and brotherly interest
which should be maintained. We need to take a course that
will enable us to acquire it, and this spirit should prevail
throughout all our settlements.
Who cannot perceive the hand of God in bringing us
from the turmoil and strife of the business world to these
mountain vales, where we have the opportunity and the privi-
lege of building up cities and villages upon the principle of
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 371
unity which has been revealed to us, thus affording that
necessary discipline which we could not have obtained among
the cities of the Gentiles? This training cannot be acquired
in one year, nor in five years, but its acquisition is enhanced
in proportion to our willingness to sacrifice in order to obtain
it. By and by the Lord will prepare the way for some to
return to Jackson County, there to build up the metropolis of
Zion. How^ easily this work can be accomplished, after we
have learned to build up cities and temples here to His divine
acceptance! Our present experience is a very needful one;
without it we should be totally unfitted for the performance of
such a work.
We read that the temple which Solomon built was
erected without the sound of a hammer being heard. There
had been a previous preparation, and an experience gained in
some distant locality, and a proper training. The materials
were accurately prepared elsewhere, and when brought together
were ready for setting, each piece to its proper place.
As knowledge and efficiency are obtained gradually, we
may expect that the experience we are getting now, in learn-
ing how to build up cities in our present condition — conform-
ing as near as possible to the holy order of God, is designed to
prepare us to return to Missouri, from whence we were driven,
and there build up cities and temples to the name of the
Most High, upon which His glory will descend. A condition
of willingness to conform our will to the Divine will is what
we need. ,
It might not be deemed policy to enter into covenants bj'
deed, in our property matters, at present, though it may be
hereafter. So long as the emotions of our souls prompt us to
exclaim, in the language of Joshua, that " I and my household
will serve the Lord " — so long as this willingness dwells in our
hearts, to give ourselves up entirely to the service of God, we
are in the proper condition to ask the Father to hasten the day
when His will shall be done on earth as it is in heaven. And
372 BIOGRAPHY AND
further, when the proper time comes to require the u«e of our
property in the interests of the great work we arc engaged in,
the bare mention of it will be sufficient.
But, we ask, should not the Bishop who operates in our
temporal matters be a very wise and good man? Certainh'
he should, and a man of honor and integrity, full of the Holy
Ghost, loving his neighbor as himself, and loving the Lord our
God with all his might, mind and strength. On this, we are
told, "hang all the law and the prophets." Blessed is he in
whom these two principles are developed, for such an one is
without condemnation ; he stands the peer of him referred to
in the Scriptures, by the Savior, as one "without guile." The
people will soon learn to confide in such a man, as he can
establish unmistakable proof before God and before his
brethren that he obeys these commandments in which are
included all that the Prophets ever lived for.
We will suppose further, that such an individual as I have
described, who really had obeyed these commandments, was
placed to preside over a city of a thousand people, all of whom
were also living in the advanced condition referred to; he
must bear in mind his important position, high responsibilities
and who appointed him to this position — he or they in whom
God had vested the authority. Why is such a man called to
act as president over a people? Is it in order to acquire an
influence and then to use that influence directly for his own
aggrandizement? No; but, on the contrary, he is called to act
in such a position on the same principle as the Priesthood Avas
given to the Son of God, that he should make sacrifice. For
himself? No; but to become the servant, not the master, of
his brethren, and to work for their interest and welfare — not
to exercise the influence thus obtained to benefit himself, his
family, relatives and personal friends; but esteeming all as
his brethren, and as having rights in common with himself,
and, therefore, seeking to bless and benefit all equally accord-
ing to the talents and worthiness they may possess, and thus
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 373
by so doing develop in himself that fatherly feeling which
always exists in the bosom of the Father.
At the present time it is too often the case that the men
who are called to act in such positions, instead of thus acting
according to their holy calling, use their influence, their Priest-
hood, the sacred powers conferred upon them, for their own
benefit and that of their children and personal friends. This
is highly improper; it is WTong and displeasing in the sight of
God; and of this sin we are called to repent by putting it
away from us, and beginning to live the lives of Latter-day
Saints, according the sacred covenants we have entered into.
When you find a man who takes the same interest in
those over whom he presides as he does in himself and family
you will naturally begin to have confidence in that individual .
But as soon as you find that his feelings by day and by night,
and the course of his conduct is such as tend directly to benefit
himself and his family, you will say : " What interest has he
for us? We must look out for ourselves." But where a man
works for the community, he becomes truly a father to that
people, working for them with the same feeling, desire and
interest as he* would for himself. It might be said of him, as
it should be said of all men, that he loves his brethren, or in
other words, "his neighbor as himself." Now let the man
who acts as the presiding Elder of his ward manifest by word
and action these fatherly feelings towards those he presides
over, and how soon we would begin to perceive perfect con-
fidence restored.
Possibly such a man might not possess financiering abili-
ties, and possibly the pec^le might not have confidence in his
abilities to manage or direct temporal affairs. This is quite
supposable, for good, sound principled men are not always
endowed with great financiering capacities. Yet, from the -fact
of his having established himself in the hearts of tjie people,
and being known by them for his integrity and honesty, and
a disposition to work for the interests of God and the people.
374 BIOGRAPHY AND
willing to make any sacrifice that might be required of him,
he possesses their confidence, and when once in possession of a
trust so,sacred, what then might he do in order to satisfy the
minds of the people, which are more or less progressive? Let
him call to his aid those of his brethren who are the most
capable, letting them share in his responsibilities. Because,
you will find, as a general thing, that talent is diffused
through the many, and rarely combined in single individuals ;
and it only needs opportunity in order to be developed. He
might say to one, " Here, Brother B., you are better adapted
to fill this or that position than I am;" and to another, "You
are the man best fitted to this department;" and so on until
he gets the talents of all brought out, and instead of diminish-
ing the public confidence in himself such a course would add
to it. Further, he would be doing for his brethren that which
the United Order designs to do for all, namely, to afford oppor-
tunity to develop the gifts with which nature has endowed us.
Therefore, I say that all these matters can be got along with,
provided we have the sure and safe foundation, which must be
based on honesty and integrity to God and the tone interests
of His kingdom and people.
With a people of one heart and mind, possessed of the
.same feelings and aspirations as we were when we first
embraced the Gospel, in connection with our present knowl-
edge and experience in the practical workings of building up
the kingdom, how easy it would be to establish our home
industries or mercantile institutions, and carry them on
successfully. Every one would be on hand, like Israel when
in the desert, and journeying to the land of Canaan, they were
required to build a movable tabernacle for certain sacred
J)urposes, and the people brought their offerings, etc., even
more than were sufficient, and Moses had to cry out to the
people to stop. So it could be with us, as far as willingness oh
the part of the people was concerned to take an active part iii
any general movement that might be projected. Whatever
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 375
means or time or property might be devoted by the commu-
nity for the establishing of any certain enterprise, would be
done in good faith, for every heart would be inspired with
confidence, every one considering his interest identified with
that of the whole.
But it takes time to get the people into this condition.
Here, in this southern country, we understand that the people
have been endeavoring to work together in the United Order,
meeting with more or less disappointment. Because of reverses
or failures in our attempts to successfully operate in our
temporal affairs, we should not allow such disappointment to
detract from the principle itself, but rather let us attribute our
misfortunes to human weakness, regarding the principle as
divine, revealed for our special benefit and blessing, and in
every instance of apparent failure, let us be resolved to " try
again."
The principles of plural marriage w^ere revealed for the
benefit and exaltation of the children of men ; but how much
unhappiness has arisen through failure on the part of some
Avho have contracted this order of marriage to conform to the
laws that govern it. But does it arise through any defect in
the order of the marriage system? 0, no; but from ignorance
and the folly and wickedness of those individuals who enter
into it, who abuse rather than righteously obey it. So in
regard to the principles of the United Order. Its principles
also are sacred, and I assure you we will never go back to
Jackson County, Missouri, there to build up the New Jerusalem
of the latter days, until there is a perfect willingness on our
part to conform to its rules and principles. Many years have
transpired since we received the revelation of the United
Order, and in one sense, that long period of time bespeaks
negligence on our part in not more fully obeying it. The very
principles of that Order, in my estimation, were given for our
temporal and spiritual salvation. In order to derive the
benefit that God designed should flow from them, they must
376 BIOGRAPHY AND
be established and systematized on the principle of righteous-
ness, each person learning to love his neighbor as himself. For
us to undertake to deal with them on any other principle,
would virtually open the way to bitter disappointment.
Then allow me to repeat : let me find a community that is
willing to conform to this, bringing to mind the covenants
made in the beginning when we received the fulness of the
Gospel, willing to bring to mind when they dedicated all they
possessed — their property, their talents, their mental and
physical powers to the building up of the kingdom of God;
remembering the time when we did this, the blessings of the
Most High were upon us, and His Spirit burned within us.
Then let those who preach in that community of Saints
realize what the Priesthood was placed upon them for; let them
know and fully sense why they were appointed to fill such and
such offices, viz.: that they should act in the spirit of our
Master, a servant of all — that they learn to consider and
esteem, in the same affectionate interest, the welfare of all as
they do that of themselves, and be in very deed fathers to the
people. Then will they enter into the spirit of the two great
commands, upon which, said the Savior, " hang all the law and
the prophets," namely, loving the Lord with all our might,
mind and strength, and our neighbor as ourselves. This, in
my opinion, is the foundation of our future success, temporally
and spiritually, in this United Order. Until we come down to
the bed-rock of honesty and sincerity in this matter, dealing
with temporal as with spiritual things, whole-heartedly, hold-
ing all and ourselves sacred to the service of God, we may
expect more or less failure.
Let me say to the brethren who are, and who contemplate
connecting themselves actively and entirely with this holy
order, that the Priesthood was bestowed upon you, as
upon the Son of God, for no other purpose than that
through sacrifice you might be proven, that, peradventure, at
the last day, you might stand approved before God, and
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 377
before perfect and holy beings, and that in order to merit this
divine approval, it may be necessary to forget self and indi-
vidual aggrandizement and seek the interest of your brethren.
If you are read}' and willing to do this, and if your every-day
life and conduct and the spirit within you testify the fact, you
will establish confidence in the hearts of those who know you,
and wdth whom you are more immediately associated in
temporal matters.
Confidence is ofttimes referred to by our brethren, espe-
cially when speaking on the subject of the United Order. It is
spoken of and Avritten on by the religious, the political and the,
financial world, and the present condition of the whole is such
as to force itself upon our serious attention. We may confi-
dently anticipate that, as history shall chronicle the develop-
ments of this, our progressive world, we shall witness more and
more the necessity of it. For as palpable, and what may be
termed legitimate, fraud increases, and the whole world ripens
in iniquity generally, confidence will lessen and become more
priceless and precious. This is quite obvious to all men in
whose hearts dwells a spark of that Spirit by which the
Prophets foretold the destiny of the nations. Confidence can
be acquired onl}^ on the principle of righteousness, whether it
be applied to the monarch or the peasant, the religionist or the
non-religionist; merit alone commands it.
Then let us live the lives of Latter-day Saints, that we
may first beget confidence in ourselves, then we shall begin to
have confidence in each other — in God and His pi;omises. A
people in this condition of progress would know no failures;
everything would prosper that they put their hands to; they
would grow in faith and in good works.
I tell you in the name of the Lord God, that the time is
coming when there will be no safety only in the principles of
union, for therein lies the secret of our temporal and spiritual
salvation. We have been enabled to establish settlements,
towns and villages, and we have been abundantly blessed with
378 BIOGRAPHY AND
the necessaries and conveniences of life, notwithstanding we
have been slow to hearken to and obey the commands of
Jehovah.
I would to God that every Bishop and presiding officei-
would, this day, in this holy Temple, covenant and swear
before Him, the Lord our God, that they would turn and serve
Him with all their might, mind and strength, and work for
the interest of the people as they would for themselves; for my
greatest desire is to see Zion established according to the reve-
lations of God — to see her inhabitants industrious and self-
sustaining, filled with wisdom and the power of God, that
around us may be built a wall of defence, a protection against
the mighty powers of Babylon; and while the disobedient of
our Father's famil}'- are contending, and filling up their cup of
iniquity, even to the brim, and thus j)reparing themselves for
the burning, we who are the acknowledged children of the
kingdom, being filled with righteousness and knowledge of
God, may be like the wise virgins, clothed in our wedding
garments, and properly prepared for the coming of our Lord
and Savior. — Journal of Discourses.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 379
CHAPTER L.
Elijah Box says his parents embraced the Gospel in England. — Came to
Nauvoo. — Elijah born in a turbulent time. — Moves to St. Louis. — To the
Bluffs.— To the Valley.— Storm described. — Moves to Brigham City. —
Struggle for an education. — How it is obtained. — Called on mission. — A
great contrast in Liverpool. — Visits relatives. — In London meets with the
Palestine tourists.— How poor Saints manage their Sunday clothing. —
An incident. — Closes mission. — In charge of a company of Saints, leaves
England. — Reflections. — Reaches home. — Engaged in teaching. — Presides
over Improvement Associations. — Counselor to Stake President.
Y parents embraced the Gospel in England in 1841,
emigrated in 1842, and arrived in Nauvoo in the
*^^ spring of 1843. My father worked upon the Temple
almost from first to last, experiencing very hard times in con-
sequence of the scarcity of the necessaries of life. He was also
familiar with all those trying scenes that were enacted during
the years immediately preceding and following the martyrdom
of the Prophet and Patriarch ; and that will live forever in the
memories of the persecuted Saints. It was during these times
that I was born, January 4th, 1844.
When the Church left Nauvoo, father moved his family to
St. Louis, and from there to Council Bluffs, in 1848. The next
four years were occupied in procuring an outfit for " the valley,"
and in 1852 we emigrated to Salt Lake, where we lived three
years. While in Salt Lake, I spent the summer months prin-
cipally in herding stock upon the mountains. While out upon
one of those occasions, the sky became suddenly overcast with
heavy clouds, and, almost instantly, hail and rain began to
descend in torrents ; several herd-boys were drowned — I very
narrowly escaped by finding shelter with my sister, living at
the mouth of Red Butte.
380 BIOGRAPHY AND
In 1855 we moved to Brigham City, and my father
engaged in agriculture. I labored on the farm during the
summer, and spent the winter months in endeavoring to obtain
a meagre education, attending day and evening schools as
opportunities presented, which was not frequent; up to m}^
twelfth year I had attended school but part of one term. I
had a kind mother, however, who saw the great necessity of
my having an education, and assisted me much during my
boyhood, for which I have always been thankful.
At the age of seventeen, I injured myself by lifting heavy
timbers, from the effect of which I suffered several years, until
I received my endowments, when I soon recovered my health.
At nineteen, I was employed in the mercantile establishment
of M. D. Rosenbaum, and afterwards by W. C. Thomas in
similar business, for whom I worked until the fall of 1865, when
President Lorenzo Snow, Samuel Smith, Bishop Nichols and
W. C. Thomas formed a copartnership or co-operation; I was
employed by this firm four years.
On Sunday, the sixth of May, 1866, I married Roxcy A.,
(laughter of President Lorenzo Snow, President Snow officiat-
ing. We were sealed by President Wells the following-
November. (See Family Record.)
The winter of 1870-1 I spent in school, under Professor
L. F. Monch, where, I may almost say, I obtained my first
start in educational matters. By this time I was twenty-seven
years old, had a wife and two children to care for, but I saw
the great lack of education in myself and others in this locality,
therefore, I determined to exert myself to the utmost, and
forego many pleasures that might otherwise be enjoyed. I
studied diligently, was greatly assisted by my wife — had an
excellent teacher, and made fair progress.
At the April Conference in 1871 1 was called on a mission
to England. I made immediate preparations to start, though
in so doing I had to borrow money to go with. I was set
ai)art for my mission on the first of May, by Apostle Albert
AUTOBIOGRAPHY, 381
Carrington, and on the third of May, in company with Presi-
dent Carrington and some twelve or fifteen other missionaries,
left Salt Lake City for England, The trip to New York was
pleasant, and without incident other than of an ordinary
character. We embarked in the steamship Colorado, Guion
line. "Off" the banks" we experienced some very heavy
weather. On such occasions, man is led to comprehend his
own insignificance as compared with other creations of God.
The monotony of the voyage was often broken by animated
discussions with non-" Mormon" passengers, upon religious
topics, plural marriage being the leading one.
After arriving in Liverpool, I was appointed to labor in
the Birmingham Conference under the direction of Elder
Parry, who afterwards died of the small-pox, he being the
second to succumb to that fatal disease in that conference.
During my short stay in Liverpool, I learned to appreciate the
quiet of our mountain home. In all my life I had never
seen so much drunkenness, quarreling, fighting with both
male and female, prostitution, and debauchery of every
description, as I saw there in the short space of twenty-four
hours.
On my way from Liverpool to my field of labor, I called
at Manchester to see my wife's brother, Oliver, who had been
traveling in that conference the previous twelve months. A
few days were very agreeably spent with him in visiting
among the Saints. I then proceeded to Birmingham, where I
found the Saints generally very poor, very anxious to gather,
but in most instances unable to do so. It was then I could
realize the benefits and blessings derived from our system of
emigration. •
While in this conference, I had an opportunity to visit
many relatives and procure genealogies for several generations
back. In all instances my friends were pleased to see me, and
received me with kindness, but seemed to care nothing for the
principles of the Gospel.
382 BIOGKAPHY AND
My stay in Birmingham was short. In consequence of
the illness of Elder Bromley, I was sent to Bristol to preside
in his stead. I found the people in this locality in much worse
circumstances than where I had previously labored. Farm
hands worked for from six to seven shillings per week ; and
with this small pittance had to famish their families with all
the necessities and comforts of life, if they had them. Often
I have seen families make a meal of turnip-top greens and dr}'
bread. I then learned to appreciate the luxuries of Deseret,
and the blessings that God bestows upon His people; and if
Joseph Smith had actually been an impostor, he still deserves
great credit for inaugurating a system of religion that has
been the means of bringing so many from a state of wretched-
ness, and making them comparatively independent.
The Saints of this conference, though poor, were very
kind; I made many excellent acquaintances, traveled a great
deal on foot, and baptized a few; among them was one Joseph
Smith; he had been convinced for many years, but put off
baptism until he was so worked upon that he could delay no
longer.
It was during my labors here that President George A.
Smith and other Palestine tourists landed in England and held
a conference in London, which I attended, and had truly a
happy time in meeting the brethren and sisters from home,
especially Father Snow and Aunt Eliza. We spent a few days
in visiting the principal places of interest in that noted city —
the Crystal Palace, the Albert Memorial, etc.
In June, 1872, I was appointed to the Manchester Confer-
ence. I found the Saints much as elsewhere, but generally
better in temporal -circumstances ; still the people were so edu-
cated to spend what they earned, that whether they received
seven, twelve or twenty shillings per week, none could be laid
away for any future purpose.
In this conference I rebaptized Brother Moorhouse, who
had not been an active member in the Church for a number of
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 383
years, but as good a soul as ever lived. He afterward died in
full fellowship.
I will here relate an incident which will show the amount
of interest taken in " Mormonism" by some. Sunday, Novem-
ber 10, 1872, I went from Macclesfield to Longton to fill an
appointment with the Saints of the Burslem branch, M'hicli
was my first visit to that branch. I was met at the station by
a Brother Tovey, who piloted me to the meeting house,
informing me on the way thkt they had engaged a hall capable
of seating three hundred persons, had placarded the town,
advertising E. A. Box, Esq., from America, to deliver two lec-
tures that day, on the principles of the Gospel. This news
was somewhat startling; it was the first time I had been adver-
tised as a lecturer, and then to lecture to three hundred stran-
gers, this was the capacity of the hall, and not more than a
dozen Saints in the branch; and Brother Tovey was sanguine
the hall would be full. I determined to put myself in the
hands of the Lord, and if He wished that large congregation
converted. He must do it through me. Meeting was opened
at 10 a.m., and Brother Piatt, president of the branch, and I
occupied the forenoon. Our hearers were seven Saints, three
strangers and one apostate. In the afternoon I occupied most
of the time; we had present the same number of Saints, with
three apostates and one stranger. So much for the ample hall
and liberal advertisement.
In June, 1873, I was released to return home. I sailed
from Liverpool in charge of three hundred and fifty Saints, on
the tenth of July. As land faded from sight, maii}' thoughts
passed through my mind. I had been on English soil a little
more than two years, had formed the acquaintance of hun-
dreds of Saints, and many strangers of almost all classes, had
preached and borne testimony before Saints and sinners, had
met and conversed with those who knew not God, had seen
many relatives for the first time, had traveled on foot a little
more than six thousand miles; and the following questions
384 BIOGRAPHY AND
arose: Have I done any good? Have any believed my
report? Have I been the cause of any stumbling in the path
of life? Shall I ever set foot on those shores again? The
future only could tell, and that was silent.
The trip by sea, excepting one stormy day, was very
agreeable. Apostle Erastus Snow crossed the ocean with us,
and the time was spent in holding meetings, concerts, etc.
I reached home on the second of August, after an absence
of two years and three months; having visited the principal
cities of England, Scotland and Wales; had enjoyed myself
exceedingly in my missionary labors, with all the consequent
hardships and privations; I could recall but one season of des-
pondency, and that was on hearing of the death of my mother
and sickness of my two little children. Through the blessing
of God, on my return I found my immediate family all alive
and well.
I soon engaged in school teaching in Ogden City — moved
my family there and remained one year, then returned to
Brigham City, where I followed the same profession for several
consecutive years.
In the autumn of 1876 I was chosen to preside over the
the Mutual Improvement Association of Brigham City, and
afterwards, when the city was divided into four wards, I was
appointed over the Second Ward, which position I occupy at
present (1884).
When Box Elder Stake of Zion Avas re-organized in 1877
I was chosen First Counselor to Oliver G. Snow, President of
the Stake.
My family now numbers ten. In obedience to the law of
celestial marriage, I entered into the marriage relation with
Sarah Hadley, who is now the mother of two children.
Elijah A. Box.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 385
CHAPTER LI.
George Dunford. — When in his., teens wants to earn living. — Decides
on going to sea. — Leaves home without a shilling. — Applies to the
Admiral of the British Navy.— Sent to Rio Janeiro. — Officiates as
steward for the officers. — The brig Curlew ordered to England. — How he
saved his means. — Returns home with plenty of money.— Meets
with an Elder. — Convinced of the truth of the Gospel, and is baptized. —
Ordained Elder, presides over two branches. — Emigrates to America. —
Presides over the St. Louis branch. — In mercantile business. — Goes to
California, St. Louis, and settles in Salt Lake City. — Appointed Bishop
of Malad Valley, including six settlements.- After nearly three years, is
released. — Expression of fatherly feeling.
WAS born at Holbrook House, near Trowbridge, Wilt-
shire, England. I lived there with my parents, and
attended school and Sabbath school until the death of
my mother. I was then in my fifteenth year; and my father
having a large family to support, I determined to make my
own living, and decided to try the fortunes of a life at sea.
For this purpose, without a shilling in my pocket, and only
one change of underclothing, I left my father's home, went to
Portsmouth, and at the dock-yard applied to the admiral of
the British navy, soliciting a position. He sent me on board
the one-hundred and ten-gun man-of-war, the Queen, and
from there I was ordered on board the steamship Ardent, and
sent to Rio Janerio, South America.
After arriving at Rio Janerio, I was appointed steward for
the officers on board the ten-gun brig Curlew. I remained on
the Curlew until she was ordered to England, and there, with
the balance of the crew, was discharged from the navy in
February, 1844, and returned to my father's house.
While in the navy, I was very prudent and saving of my
earnings — determined to accumulate sufficient means to make
27
386 BIOGRAPHY AND
a respectable start in life after closing my services on the sea.
To accomplish this end, I availed myself of every laudable
favorable circumstance; as, for instance, each one of the crew
was allowed a certain quantity of liquor per day, or the price
of it in cash. I never drank liquor, and at the time of my
discharge my licjuor rations had amounted to a handsome
sum, which, added to what I had saved of my labor wages, to
a poor boy was quite a fortune. Although prudent, I was not
penurious; I came home well dressed, with my pockets well
freighted with the "needful," ready to make my mark among
the respectables.
In April, 1844, I married Sarah .Jones, and considered
myself settled for life; but in the course of the next year I
happened to meet with Elder .John Halliday, of the Church
of .Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and soon became deepl}'^
impressed with the truth of the fulness of the Gospel, as
revealed through the Prophet Joseph Smith. Then, O what a
struggle! Then a warfare between feeling and judgment, flesh
and spirit, the love of the world and the favor of God, and I
must make my choice.
I had been attending meetings for worship in a beautiful
little church, the favorite resort of my dear mother in her life
time, and could I forsake it? "He that loveth father or mother,
wife or children, more than me, is not worthy of me." "If any
man will come after me, let him take up his cross daily and
follow me." These words of Jesus spoke with power to my
understanding; and although the "Pearl of great price" miglit
cost me all I possessed, I determined to make the purchase:
and early in 1846 I was baptized and joined the Church under
the presidency of Elder Halliday, in my native town.
In those earh'^ times I took great interest in Church mat-
ters, and devoted much of my time in that direction — was
soon ordained to the office of Priest, and soon after, under*the
hands of President J. Halliday, was ordained an Elder and
called and set apart to preside over the branch, composed of
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 387
one hundred members, in my native town, which position I
held for several years, and in course of time was called to pre-
side over the Stepe-Ashton branch of the Church.
In 1850, I emigrated with my family to America, via New
Orleans, and not having means sufficient to accomplish the
through journey, we stopped in St. Louis. Soon after arrival,
I obtained a situation as clerk in a mercantile house — was
appointed to preside over the St. Louis branch of the Church.
In 1854, I brought a stock of goods to the Valley, and having
disposed of them in Salt Lake City, I w^ent to California, and
opened a business in Sacramento. While my wife attended
the store I was employed on a steamer on the Sacramento
River, also worked some time in the mines. Fin'all}', I resolved
to return to St. Louis, and did so by way of Panama and New
Orleans.
Again in St. Louis, I embarked in mercantile business — first
o[>ened one store on Broadway, then a second, and third, and at
length- an exclusive wholesale house on Main Street; all of
which I carried on at the same time ; and in 186(^ closed up
all of my business affairs, and moved with my family to Salt
Lake City, where I have continued business in the mercantile
line in different locations in the city, having remained eight
consecutive years in my present stand.
(tEORGE DrXJ'ORD.
At a" conference in Brigham City about the twentieth of
August, 1877, Elder Dunford was nominated by President
Brigham Young, and sustained b}^ unanimous vote of the con-
gregation, as presiding Bishop of Malad Valley. He cheer-
fully accepted the appointment, although well aware its fulfil-
ment w^ould subject him to great pecuniary sacrifice, he being
engaged in mercantile business, the management of which he
must leave to others.
Early in September he went to his new field of labor in
company with my brother Lorenzo, by whom he was set apart
388 BIOGRAPHY AND ^
for the arduous and responsible duties of the position assigned
him in Malad City, in which place he established his office for
Church business.
The ward over which Brother Dunford was called to pre-
side consisted of Malad City, Cherry Creek settlement, two
miles distant, St. Johns, two miles in another direction,
Samaria, eight miles. Rush \'^alley, twelve, and Oneida, twenty-
four miles distant; which subjected him to a great amount of
travel in visiting and counseling with the people.
Previous to this time, a spirit closely bordering on apos-
tasy had crept into the hearts of some in Malad City, the
headquarters of his mission, and two parties with opposite
aims and feelings being connected in their financial interests,
added greatly to the labors and difficulties of the newly
installed Bishoj). All of their co-operative organizations
included individuals of these two unharmonizing classes of
investors. Bishop Dunford very soon was forced to realize
that the situation was a grave one, and required more than
human wisdom, and all the saintly patience, forbearance and
stability of purpose attainable through humility, faith and
prayer. His sympathies were invested in behalf of the God-
fearing portion of the people, with a determination to do jus-
tice to all, and he devoted himself to the work unto which he
was called, at the expense of all personal worldly interest, and
with little or no consideration of personal comfort.
While laboring to unite the people, and improve the con-
-dition of things in Malad City, he did not neglect the Saints
in other portions of the ward, either in their temporal or spir-
itual interests, and when pointing out local improvements for
their advantage, it was a noticeable feature in his practice to
say, "Come, boys," and not "Go, boys," which was proven by
instances when he set the example which led to material
improvements, by voluntarily leading out in manual labors.
To this the writer was an eye-witness, having, during the time
referred to, visited most of the locations over which he pre-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 389
sided. In fact, his heart was drawn to them with love and
affection for the people, and when, in consequence of exposure,
fatigue and much travel, after nearly three years' service, he
was seized with an affection of the lungs, with which he was
so much disabled that it was considered wisdom for him to
resign, which he did with great reluctance, after receiving
counsel to that effect. He felt the counsel to be correct; but
to leave those in whose interest he had so deeply enlisted the
warm sympathies of his nature, was like a father withdrawing
from his children. He says: President Snow, in counseling
with me on the subject, felt that I had honorably accomplished
my mission in that country; and in accordance with his sug-
gestion, with great reluctance, I resigned. I say truly with
great reluctance, because I had learned to love a great many
of them, and I gave my heart to the Lord for the well being
of His people in that country.
CHAPTER LII.
From the Deseret News. — A re-union. ^- A dinner. — Speeches. — Songs. —
Expressions of love and union. — Judge Burt reads a lengthy presenia-
tion. address. — The editor comments. — The address. — Presents gold watch
and chain to Lorenzo. — A testimonial of love, respect and confidence.
'HE following expressions of love and confidence from
those who had struggled together against the long
established customs of the age in working up and carry"
ing into effect a system productive of individual and general
good, are worthy of being engraven in letters of gold. In
commemoration of the inflexibility of the bond of union in
which those men were associated, and the esteem in which
they held their file leader, we copy from the Deseret News, as
follows :
390 biography and
Brigham City, Jam auy o, 1881.
Editor Deseret Sews:
On the last day of the old year, 1880, the "Council of the
United Order" of this Stake, about sixty in number, had a
grand re-union in the Social Hall, where they met and were
seated around one large table, spread with an abundance of
earth's productions in good style.
Having partaken of a first class lunch, the time for
several hours was spent by the brethren in making brief
speeches, toasting, singing and relating remarkable incidents.
A very warm feeling of friendship and brotherhood was mani-
fest, and will long be remembered.
Judge John D. Burt, at the beginning of these exercises,
read a lengthy address, in behalf of the assembly, to Apostle
Lorenzo. Snow% setting forth in emphatic language the firm-
ness, faithfulness, love and indomitable energy of the Apostle
in his long years of labor in the good cause, at home and
abroad, his tribulations and victories.
As a fitting testimonial of the love and esteem in which
he is held by the brethren, the judge presented him a gold
watch and chain, which had been purchased at Mr. Asmussen's
establishment, in Salt Lake City, for |245 (two hundred and
forty -five), and was a gift from a number of the brethren;
after which Brother Snow arose, and, with feelings of emotion,
thanked his ^brethren for this token of esteem, Avhich came
to him by surprise, and said he valued the respect and good
feelings of the brethren above all earthly considerations.
The scene was. impressive by reason of the spirit that was
present.
A. Christensen.
The following presentation address, by Judge Burt, will
show that this interesting community still retained its vitality
and enthusiasm, also the high regard and appreciative respect
in which Lorenzo is still held as a "social reformer:"-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 391
PRESENTATION ADDRESS.
Beloved Prei<ideid Lorenzo Snow:
We have met here this evening in a social capacity, as
friends and brethren in the cause of truth, to while away a
few hours in social communion together, and to congratulate
each other for the peace surrounding us in our mountain
home, and for the rich and abundant blessings of a kind,
indulgent and beneficent Creator, which have so eminently
crowned our efforts during the past year, and for the favorable
and glorious prospects foreshadowing us in the future.
When we contemplate the scenes of poverty, sorrow, per-
secution, suffering and death heaped upon the Saints by their
(Christian (?) friends of this generation, and contrast the
present with the past, our hearts swell with deep emotion,
thanksgiving and gratitude beyond expression to the Giver of
all good for the many and peculiar favors so graciously
bestowed upon us since we have resided in these valleys.
And while we are ever ready and always willing to
acknowledge the hand of our God and render unto Him our
sincere thanks for all the blessings we enjoy, we also recognize
the fact that a meed of praise and much honor is due to His
servants, the Apostles, who, through their indomitable energy,
untiring zeal, and earnest devotion to the cause of truth, have
been the favored instruments in the hands of God to bring
about and make possible these happy results.
Beloved President: As one of these honored ones, you
have occupied a very prominent position. You have traversed
sea and land "without purse or scrip" to proclaim ^lad tidings
to an erring and fallen world, and for nearly half a century
3'ou have labored incessantly, at home and abrojid, in the
interest and common cause of humanity, and in the prosecu-
tion of this labor you have been required and have cheerfully
made many sacrifices for the Gospel's sake.
You have also been a pioneer, and to-day stand in the
front rank of co-oi)erative enterprises in this Territory, devoting
392 BIOGRAPHY AND
your time, talent and means for the good of the people; thus
seeking to elevate the poor, and bring about an equality and
union among the Saints in Zion. Many and arduous have
been your labors in this direction, and, although the adversary
has been permitted, from time to time, to make invasions, to
commit depredations, impose and levy special, grievous and
unjust and unconstitutional burdens upon you, thus aiming to
undermine and strike with paralysis and death the noble
enterprise you have so zealously and industriously erected and
fostered in the midst of your brethren here in this city; you
have never faltered, but with sterling fidelity, unflinching
purpose and unshaken confidence you have faced the frowning
billows of adversity, and the howling tempest of anti-Christian
hate, and, in divine strength and with heroic fortitude, and
Godlike determination, you have met and withstood the shock,
weathered and outridden the storm, and in an eminent degree
have been successful in the achievement of the grand object in
view — the union and consolidation of the interests, efforts and
feelings of those whom God has entrusted to your care.
Now, in consideration of the many and valuable services
you have rendered this community, and for the frequent acts
of courtesy and kindness bestowed upon us as individuals,
permit us, beloved brother, as a humble testimonial of our
regard, to present you this watch and chain, which we trust
you will condescend to accept as the grateful and voluntary
offering of a few of your friends, who have clustered around
you on this occasion, desiring to manifest their approbation,
and to recognize your past services in their behalf.
Earnestly hoping that your life may be spared, and that
you may be permitted to wear this slight token of oiir esteem
for many years yet to come, we will still continue to invoke
the blessings of the Just One to rest upon you and yours for-
ever and ever.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 393
CHAPTER LIU.
Chester Loveland a modern Ajax.— Drives the Sheriff and his posse. — Holds
a mobocratic jury. — Brings them to terms. — Captain in "Nauvoo
Legion." — Comes to Utah. — Goes to. Carson. — A scene of suffering. —
Commissioned Probate Judge. — Is left to preside. — Mission to the States. —
John A. McAllister called on mission to Europe. — Interesting time on
the steamer. — Why the "Mormons" were driven from Nauvoo. — Is sent
to the Orkney Islands. — Stops at his uncle's in Glasgow. — Missionary
labors. — In Dundee and Newcastle-on-Tyne. — Visits London.— Returns
home. — Is elected County Recorder.
" HESTER LOVELAND, one of Lorenzo's sons-in-law,
who was baptized in Kirtland, June 27th, 1837, has
* had several hair-breadth escapes in defense of his
brethren, in the most turbulent scenes through which the
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has struggled. In
one instance a leaden ball, designed to take his life, in passing
his head came so close as to graze the side of his face, scorch-
ing it sufficiently to cause the skin to peel off.
A stranger to fear, he never shunned positions of danger
where duty called or danger to his brethren prompted. In his
physical development evidently formed for a chapipion — tall,
robust, he might well pass for a modern Ajax in strength and
agility.
The apostates, aided by our most bitter Gentile enemies
abroad, established a press in Nauvoo, and commenced the
issue of a periodical entitled The Expositor, in which appeared
the most flagrant, scurrilous, libelous articles against the lead-
ing authorities of the Church. The mayor, in connection
with the city council, declared it a nuisance, and by their
order it was demolished ; after this, the deputy sheriff called
on our hero to assist in arresting the mayor, Joseph Smith,
and the city council, and he positively refused. The next day
394 BIOGRAPHY AND
the sheriff' came with a posse and demanded his assistance,
saying he had orders from the governor of the State. Mr.
Loveland understood the trick; lie knew there was no possible
means by which orders from the governor could have been
obtained, as he was far distant, and at that time communica-
tion by telegraph was out of the question. The sheriff
insisted, and the more he did so the more Mr. Loveland's
anger was aroused, till, grasping his arms, he rushed single
handed towards the mounted posse, when with the fear of
treacherous cowardice, riders and horses decamped with hur-
ried pace.
He entered into plural marriage in January 21, 1846, hav-
ing a second wife sealed to him at that time in the Nauvoo
Temple.
A serious, and, at the same time, rather ludicrous inci-
dent, in which Brother Loveland was connected, which
transpired in Nauvoo, is worthy of record as a specimen
of mobocratic times with the Latter-day Saints, as related by
himself.
He says: I was on the jury when some of our brethren
who had been falsely accused were brought to trial before
eleven mobocratic jurors, and I held that jury thirty-six hours,
until they were nearly starved. Two bills were before us —
one "guilty," the other "not guilty." The eleven signed the
"guilty" verdict, and insisted that I should follow suit. I
said: "No, gentlemen, before I will sign that paper, I will die
here on this floor, and the red ants may pack me out through
that keyhole." The result was, every man signed the verdict
of "not guilty," and the innocent went free. He was appointed
captain of the "Nauvoo Legion" in its first organization in
Nauvoo.
He arrived in Salt Lake - City in September, 1850. In
1853-4, was appointed lieutenant-colonel by President B.
Young, then governor of Utah Territory, with instructions to
organize a regiment in the northern part of the Territory, and
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 395
was sui)sequently comniissioiied colonel by one of the Gentile
governors of Utah.
At the spring conference in 1855, Colonel Loveland was
called to go to Carson Valley (which at that time was a portion
of Utah) and assist Apostle Orson Hyde in settling a colony.
After their arrival in Carson, he, with six other brethren, went
to Walker's River in search of a good location, and when there
another point, thirty miles distant, was highly recommended
as being exceedingly favorable for a large settlement. Prompt
to the suggestion, they went, but to their great disappoint-
ment, found they had been imposed upon, and instead of
anything favorable, only a salt marsh, without a drop of fresh
water, surrounded them.
They had traveled thirty miles without water for cuther
man or beast, and now to take their back track and return to
the river was their only 'alternative. They started, but were
overcome with thirst long before they reached their destina-
tion. So intense were their sufferings that every man's tongue
was swollen out of his mouth, and some of their tongues
blistered. Their horses, through extreme exhaustion, refused
to carry them ; whenever mounted they would lie down, and
the men in their suffering condition must either walk or die
by the way.
Providentially, some Indians, well acquainted with the
country, who saw then^ going from the fresh water, and sus-
pecting the result, met them about five miles out, with about
six gallons of water for their relief. Never was a humane act
better timed, nor more gratefully appreciated. The ^ix gallons
were distributed among the famished men, barely sufficing till
they reached camp, but enabling them to do so. As a
grateful expression to those poor red men of the forest for the
relief extended, the brethren clothed them in new suits from
head to foot.
When Elder Hyde returned to Salt Lake, he left Colonel
Loveland in charge of the mission, and while there he received
396 BIOGRAPHY AND
from Brigham Young, then governor of Utah, a commission
as probate judge. After his return from Carson, when that
settlement was discontinued, he performed a mission to the
Eastern States.
John A. McAllister, son-in-law of Brother Lorenzo, was
born in England, and when quite young came to America with
his parents, who left their native country for the Gospel's sake.
His father being by trade a saddle and harness maker, John
learned and followed the same occupation — married Clarissa
Snow, a lovely girl, and settled in Logan, Cache County.
In May, 1880, he was called, and early in June started on
a mission to Europe, after having been blessed and set apart
by Apostle Lorenzo Snow.
Having come to Utah when very young, everything in
the world abroad was new to him, and when he arrived in
Chicago sight-seeing was to him intensely interesting; after
spending a few days in gratifying his curiosity, he proceeded
to New York, viewed some of the sights, and on the 22d inst.
took steamer and started for Liverpool in gay spirits, filled
with enthusiasm and admiration of the grandeur of the
mighty ocean as it spread out before and around him, uncon-
scious of what was awaiting him.
With a sound appetite he partook of a hearty supper;
went to bed, but when he awoke, none but those who have
experienced seasickness need attempt to describe the change.
To repeat his own words: "I felt as the Irishman said, that
I was 'not myself at all.' I had lost my appetite, the spirit of
excitement was gone, and I felt queer." In all probability he
felt much as Captain Morgan told me when I was crossing the
ocean on the Minnesota, that seasick passengers, for a day or
two, felt afraid they would die, then, after that, they felt afraid
they would not die.
After our missionary recovered from seasickness, as per
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 397
journal, he says: About this time it began to be noised around
that there were " Mormons" on board. I was engaged in play-
ing checkers with an old gentleman from Yorkshire, England,
one of the radicals on the subject of " Mormonism," and he so
expressed himself as we were playing for the amusement of
scores of bystanders who were watching our movements. I
made no reply to his rabid expressions, but paid strict atten-
tion to our game, in which I beat him several times in succes-
sion, which rather chagrined him, and I concluded to quit. I
then arose and gently patting him on the shoulder, said, " My
friend, when you get home to England, you may tell your
people that you were badly beaten at checkers by a young
' Mormon,' " which created surprise, especially on the part of
my checker-playing friend, who exclaimed, "What, sir! are
you one of those 'Mormons?' " Then the gathered crowd
began to ask questions, some in the spirit of ridicule, others
for information.
Among the rest was a little old man, who began to boast
that when a young man he was one of those who fired the first
guns that drove the "Mormons" from Nauvoo. I cannot des-
cribe my feelings at this juncture. He said the " Mormons"
fought bravely with their old wooden cannon, etc. I then
asked why he and others committed such crimes — murdering
men, women and children in cold blood. He replied, "Well,
the people said that the 'Mormons' stole their cattle and
horses." I asked him if he ever knew of any of those crimes
having been proven against them. He said, " No, can't say
that ever I did ; but the real fact of the matter was, those
' Mormons' all voted the Democratic ticket, and if we had let
them alone they would have carried the State." Our contro-
versy lasted about an hour, when the bell rang for lunch.
The journal continues: After landing in Liverpool, I
went directly to the Milllennial Star office, where I was kindly
received by President Budge, who appointed me to the Orkney
Islands, Scotland, with permission to spend a few weeks in
398 BIOGRAPHY AND
Glasgow, where I arrived on the sixth of July; went to the
residence of my uncle, which gave him and his family a sur-
prise, as they had no intimation of my coming. While I
remained here in company with the president. Brother D. C.
Dunbar, I visited most of the Saints in the Glasgow Con-
ference, and obtained many items of interest pertaining to
missionary labors, which proved very beneficial to me.
On the twenty-seventh of August, on my way to the
islands, when I arrived at Perth, all was bustle and excite-
ment; Her Majesty Queen Victoria and suite having arrived,
('II. route to Balmoral Castle, a large crowd was awaiting
anxiously to see them, and prompted by the same feeling, I
located myself in a convenient place, where I remained about
a half hour, although encumbered with a large valise in each
hand, an overcoat and umbrella under my arms, when I had
the gratification of beholding a live queen, a prince and prin-
cess, which of course was something to a young American.
After stopping over night at Inverness, I proceeded by
train to Thurso, situated on the shore of the North Sea, three
hundred and sixty miles from Glasgow; here I met Brother J.
Finlayson, with whom I was to travel — found but one family
of Saints, who, although poor, were very kind. We sailed
from Scranton among the islands until we reached the Island
of Pomona, and landed at the town of Kirkwell. Here we
found the people superstitious and priest-ridden. So far as we
o«uld learn, our Elders had visited there but once, and that
long ago, and then without success.
AVe engaged a room in a boarding-house, commenced dis-
tributing tracts, and all the stale stories about " Mormonism"
were soon going the rounds; but we disabused the minds of
the people of the malicious tales wherever we could gain
access. After much solicitation and paying ten shillings, we
succeeded in engaging a hall, and had an attendance of about
two hundred and "fifty persons, probably some of them
prompted by curiosity, but we attributed our success in. gain-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 399
ing an audience to our earnest prayers to our heavenly Father,
so anxious were we to bear our testimonies of the Gospel, and
I can truly say that never, either before or since, have I felt
so great outpouring of the Holy Spirit as on this occasion, but
this proved to be our only chance; so great was the opposition
that a place for meeting could not be obtained for love or
money. So much for the journal.
The most that could be accomplished in the way of mis-
sionary labors was in distributing tracts; for this pur-
pose Elder McAllister managed to get a ([uantity published,
and as he went from place to place, from island to island,
where he could do no more in consequence of prejudice and
bigotry, he scattered those printed testimonials. By permis-
sion he spent Christmas and New Year in (llasgow, attending
conference, visiting the Saints, and assisting in baptisms and con-
firmations of new members. Labored in Dundee, and on the
1st of March received appointment to Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Here he labored with much satisfaction, baptized sjeveral, and
in visiting the scenes of boyhood in this his native place, he
says: After the novelty had passed, although my father was in
prosperous circumstances when he left for America and a
home with the Saints of God, if ever I felt thankful to my
heavenly Father for our deliverance from^Babylon, I was ten
times more so then, as I saw the wickedness, corruption and
the temptations to which I should have been exposed by
remaining in that country.
During his absence he visited London, where he spent
several days pleasantly and profitably, and was released to
return home with the company of Saints which embarked for
New York on the 17th of May, 1882, and on his arrival home
rejoiced to find his family in life and health; and yet he pro-
nounces his mission abroad the most important period of his life.
On his return he resumed his former quiet occupation,
and at the last general August election received the appoint-
ment of county recorder, and is now officiating in that capacity.
400 BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER LIV.
Discourse by Apostle Lorenzo Snow at the General Conference, Salt Lake
City, April 7, 1882, Reported by George F. Gibbs. — Reference to Moses
and ancient Israel. — Distrusting results the eflfect of ignorance. — Latter-
day Saints have more faith. — No such thing as standing still. — Move on,
trusting in God, the watchword. — Persecutions of the Latter-day Saints. —
Move on and work on. — If we do our part, God will do His. — How the
Lord overruled in our coming to the mountains. — Plural iparriage. —
Good resulting from the Edmunds bill. — The great worth of the Gospel. —
Move on, move on.
'HE speaker read from the ninth to the fifteenth verses,
inclusive, of the fourteenth chapter of Exodus, and
then said: A very important lesson is contained in
those verses, applicable not only to this community as a whole,
but to every individual. At the time referred to, the children
of Israel were but little acquainted with the Lord — His ability
to carry out His purposes — not having had the opportunity for
spiritual enlightenment as the Latter-day Saints. They had
witnessed some miracles wrought in their partial deliverance,
but their hearts were not affected, nor their understandings
enlightened by the intelligence of the Holy Spirit as has been
the case with the Latter-day Saints; therefore, when they
approached the Red Sea, which to every human appearance
was impassable, and saw the armies of the Egyptians pressing
closely upon their rear, their hearts failed them.
The Latter-day Saints have been placed in circumstances
very similar, where it was necessary to rely on their knowledge
of God and their faith in His promises. It is not strange that
the Israelites on that occasion, considering the little knowledge
they possessed, should have been alarmed and manifested such
folly and ignorance as they did in expressing to Moses their
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 401
doubts of the propriety of persisting in his efforts to deliver
them from Egyptian tyranny, notwithstanding they had been
treated with such great rigor and barbarity. They had so
little faith in the word of the Lord, through Moses, they were
willing to return and remain slaves rather than continue under
the direction of the Almighty. They wished to know if there
were not sufficient graves in Egypt that it became necessary to
be destroyed in the wilderness by the army of Pharaoh, and
chided Moses for the course he had pursued. I scarcely imagine
the Latter-day Saints, in any period of their history, have dis-
played such lack of faith and cowardice ; however trying their
circumstances may have been, they have never been guilty of
such weakness and foolish conduct. When the mob arose
against us in Missouri, we were but few, and our circumstances
so forbidding, it was impossible to expect deliverance except
through the intervention of the God of Israel. It is true
there may have been some Saints at that time who faltered
under the peculiarly trying situation, but they were few.
The Latter-day Saints had received the Gospel, accom-
panied by the Holy Spirit; therefore they had confidence, and
could exercise the gift of faith and entertain pleasing hopes
in the confident expectation of their ultimate deliverance.
They did not exhibit that weakness and folly which were
manifested by the children of Israel on the occasion to which
I referred. There were a few, however, who wished to escape
the ordeal and return to Babylon.
In reading ecclesiastical history, we discover that Prophets
exhibited more or less weakness and want of ftiith in times of
peril ; and I have thought Moses, perhaps, manifested a little
on this occasion. He beheld the difficulties, and, although he
had more faith and knowledge than the people whom he was
leading, yet there seemed to be a fault in the course he
advised on this particular occasion. With the Red Sea in
front, and the hosts of Pharaoh threatening in the rear, the
state of affairs certainlv wore a fearful aspect ; and while the
•28
402 . BIOGRAPHY AND
people were bewailing their condition, Moses gave instructions^
saying, '^Fear ye not" — ^that so far was good, and should apply
to the Latter-day Saints, and indeed always will be applicable
in whatever position we may be placed ; but the remainder of
the counsel I would think hardly consistent, and certainly
would not be applicable to us in any situation or under any
circumstances, namely, "Stand still and see the salvation of the
Lord." It appears that Moses began to cry unto the Lord for
deliverance, and the Lord answered him, saying, "Wherefore
cry est thou unto me? 8peak unto the children of Israel that
they go forward." It was not proper to stand still. We are
required always to move on — never stand still: while there
remains one step forward that can be taken, that step should be
taken.
In this example before us, it was not good for Israel to
stand still waiting for the Lord ; they had not exhausted their
own abilities ; there was still room to move on in the direction
God, through Moses, had appointed, and neither were they, nor
are we, justified in ceasing to press onward in the path of our
duty while we possess the ability. Never stand still, never
suspend our efforts, however insurmountable may seem the
obstacle ahead, however fierce and threatening the enem}-.
When driven from Jackson County, from Kirtland, from
Missouri and Illinois, by mob violence, the Kingdom was still
moving on — the purposes of God being accomplislied, and the
work of the Lord undergoing changes necessary to its growth
and progress, and the trials and afflictions incident thereto
were required for proving the Saints and advancing them in
the knowledge of God. I would say, let this motto be that of
every Elder in Israel, and of every person worthy to be called
Saint, Fear not — never stand still — move on. Let the farmer go
forward making improvements — plow, sow and reap; let those
engaged in proper and useful enterprises continue their opera-
tions, and every man be faithful and very diligent in observ-
ing his covenants and keeping the commandments of God,
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 403
and in cultivating a desire to do all the good possible ; and if,
in reflecting on the past, we discover we have not acted strictly
in accordance with the dictates of our consciences, let us make
ourselves right before God and man that we may be fully pre-
pared fpr every emergency.
Let the building of Temples and houses of worship and
education go on; let the Saints continue to school their
children, bringing them up in the fear of the Lord ; and let
the Gospel still be carried to the nations afar, Israel be gathered,
and the people be found always moving on as the purposes of
God continue to roll forth.
Do not stand still looking for the salvation of God, but
move ahead while there remains a step to be made in the
direction which He has commanded; then shall we see the
salvation of the Almighty. This is truly the work of God;
He is directing its course and progress, and to promote its
interests should ever be uppermost in our minds, that we may
exhibit to the world our faith and confidence, and our devotion
to the divine principles we have embraced. And because of
this exhibition of our faith, confidence and integrit}^ during
our past trials and afflictions, God helped us in a marvelous
manner to go through the fiery ordeals which indeed appeared
to the world unbearable, though to us were not so grevious;
the Spirit of God was with us, even the Holy Ghost, the
Comforter. Our experience at those times was like that of the
three Hebrew children when cast into the fiery furnace, the
angel of God appeared and walked with them, side by side, to
and fro, in the midst of fiery flames; and when Daniel was
cast into the den of lions, God sent him a comforter in the
person of an holy angel. Those men, instead of faltering in
the path of duty, and waiting for the Lord to deliver them,
moved on, and were irrepressible in their course. They possessed
the knowledge of God through the Holy Ghost, which also
imparted unto them a divine confidence and faith, enabling
them to persevere. They knew that in Him, whom tliey were
404 BIOGRAPHY AND
worshiping and obeying, were the issues of life and death ; that
to die in Him, is to live — ^live eternally — go on, though it lead
through martyrdom to the realms of glory and immortality.
This principle of faith and fidelit}'' was exhibited by the
Latter-day Saints when forced, at the point of the baj^onet, to
sign over their property to the mob in Missouri, and tidvised
to disperse, scatter, and not venture to gather together, but live
as other people.
AYe ignored that counsel, fled to Illinois, built the city of
Nauvoo, and secured a charter from the legislature, embracing
more favorable provisions than those of an}' other city in the
State. We did not stand still, l)ut with divine faith and hope,
kept pressing forward, the Lord doing as He j)romised, namely,
softening the hearts of rulers and impressing them to favor
Zion.
I am not of the mind of some, that good cannot come out
(Nazareth) Washington. We occasionally speak rather harshly
of some politicians of our country, and, no doubt, deservedly;
notwithstanding their illiberal and unjust measures, I believe
they can do us good, especially if the Lord operates upon their
minds as He has in the past and will do in the future, in
granting us favors that many little imagine.
The circumstances which led us to these mountain vales
are well known, and need not be related. After having sub-
mitted to the necessary chastisement, through failing to give
heed to the counsels of the Priesthood, the Lord moved upon our
nationaLgovernment to accord us favors and privileges. They
granted what is called the "Organic Act," a bill of rights as good,
perhaps, as could have been expected. Furthermore, what
was rather surprising, they appointed our Prophet, Brigham
Young, Governor of our new Territory. Who would have
thought it? Had any man dared to predict such an extraor-
dinary change of tactics at the time we were driven by a
merciless mob, legalized by the executive of Missouri, he would
have been pronounced, to say the least, an enthusiast. And
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 405
•
besides, they selected one of our Elders, and made him' United
States Judge, and another prominent Elder, Secretary of the
Territory. Now, who did this? Our dear "Uncle Sam."
Well, now, I do not propose to speak much against "Our
Uncle," for as we see, occasionally, he has taken a notion to act
the part of a prett}^ fair uncle. We perceive, in all this, the
hand of (lod working out these changes; and for one, I am
willing to admit that good can be brought out of (Nazareth)
Washington. We certainly can afford to suffer a little when we
discern, now and then, some kindness and humanity exercised
in our behalf by the authorities of the nation.
In former generations, the Lord sometimes inspired
heathen kings to favor His people, and He is the same God
now as then, and He will do in the future as in the past,
inspire our rulers to favor Zion, notwithstanding the means
now employed to deprive us of our political and religious
rights.
We talk about the Edmunds bill; what that law will
accomplish, I do not pretend to say, neither do I imagine that
its framers and abettors know exactly how far it will affect
the Latter-day Saints. One thing, however, I have noticed,
that congressmen differ widely in their ideas with regard to
certain of its provisions, and that being the case, perhaps it
would be policy to wait and watch. But there is one singular
feature in it relating to plural marriage. In regard to that
doctrine, allow me first to say I have a knowledge of it as a
principle, revealed from God, belonging to the religion we have
espoused. I was personally acquainted with Joseph Smith, the
Prophet, during twelve or fourteen years, by whom I was first
taught this doctrine, and knew him to be a man of truth and
honor. But then, I am not dependent on his word for my
knowledge of plural marriage; the Lord gave me a divine
testimony confirming His teachings, which no man can give
nor take away.
And now, as there is more or less good to be found every-
406 BIOGRAPHY AND
where, the Edmunds law, also, is not without its advantages;
therefore, let us accept the good and be grateful. There is a
provision in that extraordinary statute which legalizes the
issue of our plural marriages up to the first day of Januar}',
1883. Now, who- could have expected so much good to come
out of Nazareth? "Uncle Sam," after all, is occasionally a
pretty fair uncle. [Laughter.] And, mark you, the framers of
that law have been so considerate and generous as to provide,
distinctly, tha^; the children thus legalized, must be the offspring
•of marriages performed exactly according to the rites and cere-
monies of the sect known as the Latter-day Saints. In the
language of the little boy, I say "good enough." [Laughter.]
Now, if any of our Gentile friends, in the past, have been
indiscreet or should hereafter take mistresses (their usual
custom), their offspring, of course, are not so favored.
[Laughter.] We ought to be thankful for this kind legislation,
and, no doubt, we are.
Really, I never anticijiated the law makers of our nation
would legalize our plural marriages performed in the last thirty
years or more. If the Lord is able to work in this manner
through men who framed that odd and singular statute, our
open and avowed enemies, what may He not do in our favor if
we continue faithful in keeping our covenants. The Lord, very
possibly, will permit a heavy pressure to bear upon us, such as
will require great sacrifice at the hands of this people. The
question should be, Will we be prepared? This is the work of
• the Almighty, and the blessings we look for, which have been
promised, will be given after we have passed through the
ordeal and proved ourselves. I have no special word for the
Saints that there is, or is not, approaching them a fiery ordeal
which they must endure; the question with me is. Am I pre-
pared to receive and put to proper use every blessing and
ability the Lord bestows, and thus be ready to make such
sacrifice as He may require? I will close my remarks by
exhorting one and all — move on, move on, and neven' stand .sfilL
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 407
CHAPTER LV.
Eli H. Peirce.— Called on a mission.— Thoughtless of religion.— Taken by
surprise. — Throws aside pipe and novel. — What hia assbciates said. —
What Moses Thatcher did. — Eli starts forthwith. — In New York. — To the
coal regions, Pennsylvania.— Great success. — A testimonial. — Baptizes
and administers to sick. — l^he power of God attends. — Organizes
branches. — Heavenly messenger appears. — Release. — A second mission.
— On the frontier. — Baptized a Sioux. — From Deseref News. — A third
mission. — With B. Morris Young. — Meets with success. — Opposition. —
Close of mission.— Happy expression.
N the fifth day of October, 1875, at the Semi-annual
Conference of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-
* day Saints, I was called to perform a mission to the
United States.
Just why my name was suggested as a candidate for this
mission, and presented at conference for approval or rejection
by the people, I cannot say. My mind prior to that time
had been entirely given up to temporalities. I had never
read to exceed a dozen chapters of the Bible in my life, and
little more than that from either the Book of Mormon or
Doctrine and Covenants, and concerning Church history was
entirely ignorant. Had never made but one attempt to
address a public audience, large or small, and that effort was
no credit to me. Had been engaged in the railroad business
for a number of years, and this occupation would have
deprived me of meetings and religious services even had my
inclinations led in that direction, which I frankly confess they
did not. I had become almost an inveterate smoker, and
bought cigars by the wholesale, a thousand at a time. Was
addicted to the use of language which, if not profane, was at
least vulgar, and reprehensible. Frequently visited saloons.
408 BIOGRAPHY AND
but was not an habitual drinker. Was not proficient at
billiards, but squandered considerable money in acquiring
what little knowledge I possessed of the game; and pool fre-
quently cost me more for drinks than my board bill came to.
Though these indiscretions were common and frequent,
thanks to a mother's sagacious training, they never led to
grosser or more alluring ones.
Nature never endowed me with a superabundance of
religious sentiment or veneration; my region of spirituality
is not high, but below the average. A phrenologist once said
to me: "You are too level-headed to ever make a sanctimo-
nious church member." With this list of disqualifications,
which serious reflection helped to magnify, is it surprising
that I marveled and w^ondered if the Church were not run-
ning short of missionary material?
One of my fellow employees was at the conference; I was
not, because I did not care to be. He heard my name called,
abruptly left the meeting and ran over .to the telegraph office
to call and tell me the startling news. This was the first
intimation I had received that such a thing was contem-
plated. At the very moment this intelligence was being
flashed over the wires, I was sitting lazily thrown back in an
office rocking chair, my feet on the desk, reading a novel and
simultaneously sucking an old Dutch pipe, of massive pro-
portions, just to vary the monotony of cigar smoking.
As soon as I had been informed of what had taken place,
I threw the novel in the waste basket, the pipe in a corner
and started up town to buy a catechism. Have never read a
novel nor smoked a pipe from that hour. Sent in my resig-
nation the sajne day, to take effect at once, in order that I
might have time for study and preparation.
Remarkable as it may seem, and has since appeared to
me, a thought of disregarding the call, 6t of refusing to com-
ply with the requirement, never once entered my mind. The
question I asked myself a thousand times, and which seemed
AUTOBIOGKAPHY. 409
SO all-important, wasf: "How can I accomplish this mission?
How can I, who am so shamefully ignorant and untaught in
doctrine, do honor to God and justice to the souls of men,
and merit the trust reposed in me by the Priesthood?"
Some of my companions ridiculed me for entertaining
sentimental thoughts; some mocked and derided, whilst
others predicted that I would tire of working for glory before
I had been out six months, and seek my level by uniting
with some comedy troupe or minstrel show; but no word of
encouragement from any of my associates.
The first man to congratulate me and offer words of com-
fort and cheer, was President Moses Thatcher; he not only
strengthened me with kind words and fatherly advice, but
handed me a fifty-dollar note with his blessing, wished me
every success, and expressed a fervent desire for my welfare.
I was rebaptized, confirmed, set apart, ordained a Sev-
enty and started on my mission, all within a month from the
time I was called. Went direct to New York City, where I
remained several days visiting places of interest. Saw the
great tragedian, Edwin Booth, in his favorite character of
Hamlet. Met with the Saints at Williamsburg, New York,
but contrived to get out of preaching. My traveling com-
panion arrived and we went up to the coal regions of Penn-
sylvania. At a meeting of the Bellevue branch, I made my
"maiden effort as a preacher of the Gospel. I stammeringly
told the Saints that I had never received a testimony that
would justify me in declaring to them a knowledge of the
work of the latter days.
Elder McKean was unexpectedly called into New Jersey,
and I was left alone. In December was joined by Elder David
Evans, Jr., of Lehi, Utah, who became my missionary com-
panion. Our labors were confined exclusively to the State of
Pennsylvania, mostly in the counties of Luzerne, Tioga and
Bradford, and our circuit extended over two hundred miles.
Through prayerfulness, humility and a persevering faith
410 BIOGRAPHY AND
we soon obtained the coveted testimony; were greatly blessed
of the Lord in freedom of speech and delivery, and we
became known in that locality as "the boy evangelists."
The following from the pen of a well-to-do farmer, resid-
ing near Towanda, will convey a fair impression and serve to
illustrate the liberality of feeling with which we were gener-
ally received:
Towanda, Pa., Sept. 12, 1876.
Friend Eli:
I feel that your p»resence in our midst has been a God-
given thing, an oasis in the desert of our lives, and while I
sincerely regret your departure from among us, I know there
are broader fields for your missionary labor. I believe you to
be a true messenger of God, endowed with power which,
when fully developed, will seldom have been equalled in the
pulpit.
Hoping that you may live long to reap a reward,
I am, your friend,
G. D. Mace.
Aunt Sally Mace was a venerable name, widely known
and universally esteemed and respected. She had heard that
we were in the neighborhood, and sent her son, the writer of
the above, several miles, on a cold December night, to attend
our meeting and bring the boy preachers home with him. We
found Aunt Sally very low and suffering greatly from nervous
prostration; said she could not live another night and endure
the excruciating pains that had racked her body the past few
days. We told her of the restoration of the primitive Gospel,
with all attending gifts, blessings, etc. She believed our tes-
timony and requested us to administer to her before retiring.
We complied with her wishes, the Lord heard our prayers,
and she was greatly and lastingly blessed. This called forth
the following from her daughter, Mrs. S. J. Cole, an influen-
tial lady of the city of Towanda:
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 411
TO ELDER E. H. PEIRCE.
Dear Elder, j'our mission of love is fulfilled,
The Gospel of truth as of old we've received,
Supported by God's holy word.
You show to us miracles now in our day,
And that the believers have only to pray —
The prayers of the righteous are heard.
We thank thee, dear friend, for thy labor of love;
A savior of life to our mother you've proved,
Through gifts God our Father has given.
May the Lord whom you serve keep you ever fi-om sin;
May I, through His mercy, be, too, gathered in,
And meet you, a brother, in heaven.
Throughout our entire mission we were greatly blessed,
comforted and strengthened by "signs following." Anoint-
ings and healings were of frequent occurrence, many of which
appeared miraculous even unto ourselves. Evil spirits were
likewise submissive to the will of the Priesthood, when
rebuked in the name of Jesus. In one locality these mani-
festations were so common that the faith of the people
amounted almost to a superstition.
The departure of the old year chronicled our first bap-
tism— that of three persons at Kingston, on December 31st,
1875, and the centennial year was ushered in with bright
prospects soon to be realized.
At Plains, on January 1st, we baptized eight souls; five
on the fifteenth, and on the sixteenth organized a branch,
baptized and confirmed three additional members into the
branch the same date. This baptism took place at night, and
I think the coldest I ever experienced; we chose a secluded
spot, under the trestle work of a railroad bridge, in a tribu-
tary of the Susquehanna. The stream was frozen over, and
we were obliged to take an axe and chop the ice before we
could get to the water. While we were baptizing, a party of
412 BIOGRAPHY AND
Irishmen passed over the bridge, and, seeing us in the water,
one of them called out, "Is it in schwimmin ye are? Be
gorry, it's purty cold onneway." There being no reply, they
passed on. We learned next day that this same party
belonged to that secret organization known as the Molly
Maguires, the terror of the coal fields, and were then on their
way home from an Irish wake they had been attending.
They subsequently boasted of what they would have done had
they suspected our motive or mission.
Baptized one at Providence, three at Plymouth, five at
Miners, and, April 6th, organized another branch. This is
the anniversary of our birth as a Church and the ushering in
of the dispensation of the fulness of times.
Up to this date we had blessed six children and held
meetings regularly in Luzerne and Bradford counties, with
but little molestation. Two schoolhouses had been closed
against us, but in both instances friends threw open private
houses, so that those who came to hear were not disappointed.
A few times our services were interrupted by the unruly
element, but they never succeeded in breaking up a meeting.
Some mischievous boys attended one of our gatherings,
bringing their pockets full of peas, which they continued to
flip at us until the supply was exhausted, making targets of
our noses. Some of them were pretty good marksmen, and>
as a consequence, we tired of the sport long before they did,
but took it all in good part throughout. We never had a
more attentive audience than assembled at the same place the
following night.
In April we started north for Tioga county, preaching by
the way. Visited Nauvoo, a small town founded by a few
old-time Saints, and named after the beautiful city on the
banks of the Mississippi. Baptized one and blessed three at
Covington.
Returned to Bradford county, baptized six at Monroeton,
six at Greenwood, three at Creighton and one at Franklin;
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 413
blessed five children and organized the Bradford branch.
Some of those baptized were confirmed at the meeting, and
strangers present were moved to tears by testimonies of the
newly initiated, so full were they of earnestness and the
power of God.
I returned to Luzerne county; Elder Evans remained in
Bradford. Baptized three at Plymouth, three at Kingston
and two at Plains. Was called in to administer to the
youngest child of one of the branch presidents. The mother,
an apostate, seriously objected to anything of the kind in
her presence, and she refused to leave the bedside of the
dying child. Not wishing to intrude, we retired to an upper
room to pray, and she, designing our motives, sent her little
girl to spy upon us. In a secluded chamber we knelt down
and prayed earnestly and fervently, until we felt that the
child would live and knew that our prayers had been heard
and answered. Turning round, we saw the little girl standing
in the half open door gazing intently into the room, but not
heeding our movements. She stood as if entranced for some
seconds, her eyes fixed immovably upon a certain spot, and
did not stir until her father spoke. She then said, "Papa,
who was that other man in there?" He answered, "Brother
Peirce." She said, "No, I mean that other man." He replied,
"There was no other, darling, except Brother Peirce and
myself; we were praying for baby." She shook her head, and,
with perfect composure, said, "Oh, yes, there was; I saw him
standing between you and Mr. Peirce, and he was all dressed
in white." This was repeated to the mother, who tried every
means in her power to persuade the child that it was a mere
delusion, but all to no purpose. Entreaties, bribes, threats
and expostulations were alike unavailing. She knew what
she had seen and nothing could shake that conviction.
The baby was speedily restored to perfect health. Made
it a point to meet a second time with the Saints at Bellevue
and let them know that "hope was at length merged into
414 BIOGRAPHY AND
sweet fruition." The long sought testimony had been
received and repeatedly confirmed.
Baptized three at Plains in September, and on the
twenty-seventh of this month I received an honorable release
from my mission for a birthday present. Did not come
directly home, as I perhaps should. Went down to Philadel-
phia to do the centennial, where I remained two weeks.
Stopped at Chicago and other places, loitering on the way, and
the consequence was, when I reached Council Blufls, Iowa, I
met a re-appointment to labor, in connection with Elder
James A. Little, until other Elders were sent down in the
Spring.
This was a disappointment felt keenly at first, but a feel-
ing of perfect contentment soon followed, and it was not long
before I was forced to acknowledge the advantages it pos-
sessed over my former mission. In Pennsylvania I had used
little else than the New Testament Scriptures, but here on
the frontier, amongst apostates and in the very hotbed of
Josephism, it became an absolute necessity for me to study up
our Church history, modern revelation and points in doc-
trine.
Rode thirty-six miles one day, on horseback, to purchase
several numbers of the 31illennial Star and the Times and
Seasons. We held public discussions with two of the
Josephite apostles, so-called. -
Baptized fifteen at Council Bluffs, three at Boomer and
two in Lewis township; blessed six children and organized a
flourishing branch at the Bluffs. These baptisms had all to
be performed under an old mill, the streams on the outside
being solidly frozen over.
One of our Pottawottamie converts was a Sioux Indian
woman, the first, I think, of that warlike tribe that had ever
received the Gospel. Never felt the power of the adversary
so strongly as at this baptism. A horse we had borrowed,
perfectly kind and gentle on ordinary occasions, broke from
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 415
secure fastenings and ran away three times before we suc-
ceeded in getting her into the water. She was well acquainted
with Sitting Bull and other noted war chiefs of the Sioux
nation; had a moderate education, self acquired, and was
deeply interested in the Book of Mormon. Made her a pres-
ent of mine, and she returned to her people, rejoicing in the
truth and impatient to tell them something of their fore-
fathers from the record which she bore.
In April, baptized several, blessed one, and received my
second release. This time I did not stand upon the "order of
going," but went at once.
The following extract is from the Deseret Evening News of
April 21 :
"Returned Missionary. — This afternoon we were
pleased to meet with Elder Eli H. Peirce, of Brigham City
who returned on the seventh instant, from a mission to the
Eastern States. He left Utah November 1st, 1875, and pro-
ceeded to Pennsylvania, where he labored for about ten
months, in conjunction with Elder David Evans, Jr., and
where these two Elders baptized fifty-six persons, about twelve
of whom had been previously connected with the Church,
and organized three branches. Being released, Elder Peirce
proceeded toward home in September, 1876, and had arrived
at Council Bluffs, when he received another appointment to
labor in conjunction with Elder James A. Little, in Iowa,
where he remained until he came home. In the last named
field, the labors of Elders Little and Peirce resulted in
twenty-seven persons being baptized, and they organized one
branch.
"Elder Peirce states that in his labors the word was con-
firmed by 'signs following,' the power of God being mani-
fested in causing the blind to see, the deaf to hear, the lame
to walk and evil spirits to be cast out. The gifts were also, in
some instances, bestowed upon persons previous to baptism,
and even upon one who has not yet been baptized.
416 BIOGRAPHY AND
"In the labors of Elder Peirce, twenty-four children were
blessed, and he attended over one hundred and seventy-five
meetings, at all of which he preached. He enjoyed himself
greatly in his labors, and returns in good health. He is
thankful for the experience he has thus obtained in his
youth, and he now knows for himself that there is power and
efficacy in the Gospel."
Three days after reaching home, I was called upon a
second mission, or more properly, a third; it came about in
^his way: At the regular April Conference, held at St. George,
cousin B. Morris Young had been called on a mission to Great
Britain. President B. Young, hearing of my return and the
success which had attended us, changed his son's mission to
the United States and appointed me to accompany him.
Morris was not prepared to start at once, so I resumed
my labors on the railroad, but was not so wild and volatile as
before.
In August, 1877, we bid a tearful adieu to kindred and
friends at home, and once more went forth to declare the
words of life everlasting unto the inhabitants of our own
land.
Remained two weeks at Council Bluffs, Iowa, and vicinity,
and baptized two. We next went to Ashland, thence to Platte
Bottom, Nebraska, where we held protracted meetings, bap-
tized six, organized a branch and blessed four children. The
first man baptized into this branch had never heard the
sound of the Gospel until an inscrutable Providence directed
our footsteps thither. He is now counselor to the Bishop of
the Preston Ward, Cache Valley Stake of Zion,
No sooner had we commenced to baptize than priestcraft
and the powers of darkness began to join forces against us.
Three ministers, all of dififerent persuasions, and two apos-
tates, were imported to oppose us; all at variance to religious
tenets, but united in their efforts to crush out and obliterate
an unpopular faith. They advertised us thoroughly. The
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 417
people turned out in such force to hear us and refute their
arguments, that on two different occasions the floor sank
beneath us; fortunately, however, we were near the ground
and no one was hurt.
Failing to accomplish their purpose by fair means, they
next resorted to foul. An appointment was out for October
17; upon going to the schoolhouse we found the following
anonymous communication lying on the preacher's stand:
"Gentlemen: You are requested not to preach any more
in this neighborhood; the people are opposed to it. By leav-
ing immediately you will save trouble, as we may resort to
means we do not wish to. We are strong and you are weak,
so govern yourselves accordingly.
(Signed) District No. 4."
We treated this with the silent contempt it deserved, pro-
ceeded with our meetings as though nothing unusual had
taken place, and gave out another appointment. That night
the author of the foregoing, who was a local preacher of the
Christian or Campbellite faith, with some of his truly good
and pious followers, tore the windows all out of the building
and destroyed them. The day school had to be discontinued
indefinitely in consequence. We returned to Council Bluffs
and baptized one.
President Brigham Young died while we were in Iowa,
and we suffered much persecution because of bitter feelings
engendered through the publication of scurrilous articles in
the local papers.
One evening, after prayers, Brother Mahood said to us:
"How is it you have not prayed for President Young the last
two days; I never knew you to fail before." This incident
was brought vividly to our minds the following morning,
when the melancholy tidings came that our beloved President
had passed away.
29
418 BIOGRAPHY AND
Four Elders arrived from the October Conference, and
we prepared to go East. Stopped at Nauvoo and preached
there; put up at the Mansion House and slept in the same
room the Prophet Joseph once occupied. We interviewed
Mrs, Emma Smith Bideman and sought to draw her out.
She was not at all communicative, but enough was elicited to
know that she felt keenly the one false and fatal step of her
life — that of leaving the Church and uniting herself, heart
and hand, with an infidel, after having raised a famil}^ to one
of the greatest and noblest of the creations of God.
Visited the site of the Temple. Like the Temple at Jeru-
salem, "not one stone is left upon another." We found them in
store and dwelling foundations, and on street crossings; in
walking up the principal sidewalk, we trod upon what were
once corner stones in the Temple of God. Preached some
through Iowa and Illinois.
Went to Carthage and through the jail wherein the mar-
tyrs died for the testimony of Jesiis, and where President
John Taylor so nearly lost his life. The property is now
owned by Mr. Browning, a relative of the Brownings of
Ogden, Utah. The building is used as a dwelling; what was
then the prison room is now the parlor. A fine Brussels car-
pet covers the indelible stain upon the floor made by the
life's blood of the Patriarch.
In the corner where once stood the humble cot, now
stands a handsome piece of furniture, and the window,
through which the Prophet sprang to his death, is heavily
hung with rich lace curtains. The well has been filled up
and the curbing removed.
Morris went direct to Philadelphia, I to Washington,
where I remained two days the guest of Hon. George Q. Can-
non. Visited the White House and was introduced to Presi-
dent Hayes. Was shown through the Capitol, the treasury
building and other places of national note, and was admitted
to a seat on the floor of the congressional chamber, all
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 419'
through the courtesy of President Cannon, Delegate to Con-
gress.
Went to Philadelphia, where we remained a month doing
much fireside preaching, but no chance for public demon-
stration in the "city of brotherly love." However, we antici-
pate a harvest from the seed thus humbly sown.
Early in January we took up our line of march for
Luzerne county. Re-organized the Plains branch, thence ta
Bradford county, where we held circuit meetings regularly
alternate nights. We had great joy in visiting the sick and
comforting the afflicted; the Lord heard our prayers and
healed many.
On March 22d we were called in to the bedside of a
dying friend, and requested to pray for her; not for her recov-
ery, that she had no desire for, but that her sufferings might
be alleviated, her pains removed and she be permitted to die
in peace. In the midst of this petition, while all were kneel-
ing at the deathbed, we were led to pray that the daughter,,
who was present, might be inspired to go forth and perform
the labor necessary for her own and her mother's salvation.
Agreeable to the mother's expressed desire and our humble
prayer, Mrs. W. passed tranquilly away the same night; a few
moments before dissolution she audibly spoke our names.
The funeral services were conducted by Minister B.^
Methodist; his sermonizing amounted to simply this — that
as the deceased had died outside the pale of any churchy
notably his own, she could never be redeemed from her fallen
condition; she would be banished from the society and denied
the affiliation of her Christian friends for ever and ever^
worlds without end. Amen. This was a little unexpected to-
the mourners, and they refused to be consoled and comforted.
The daughter came to us and asked for an interpretation of
our strange prayer. After it had been explained, she
requested that we call another meeting and preach upon the
subject, announcing it as another funeral sermon. We did so.
420 BIOGRAPHY AND
dwelling upon repentance after death, the Savior's mission to
the spirits in prison, and baptism for the dead, showing how
broad and expansive is the Gospel of Christ when contrasted
with the narrow and contracted theories of man-made
religion. The house was full, and a spirit of sympathy pre-
vailed. The daughter believed, was baptized, and is to-day in
the faith.
Baptized four in the Susquehanna River at Wysauking.
Went to Philadelphia, Morris expecting a release. Baptized
four Philadelphians, but had to cross the Delaware River to
the New Jersey shore and wait for the tide to come in.
Received a letter releasing Morris, but instructing me to
remain in the l:eld until relieved by other Elders from home.
June 19th, attended the centennial celebration at Valley
Forge, the decisive battle ground of the Revolution. Saw
Washington's headquarters, his breastworks and entrench-
ments still remaining and can be traced for miles.
Tried to hire the little church in which the Prophet
Joseph used to preach, in Philadelphia, but was unsuccessful;
the deacon declared it should never again be so polluted and
defiled. Baptized two, one a relative; blessed two and started
north. Baptized six and blessed two in Bradford county.
At my valedictory I was annoyed several times by a man
who sat near the stand, but did not heed his interruptions.
Finally he stood upon his feet and said he wanted it dis-
tinctly understood by all that he was a Bible believer, and
knew more about the Scriptures in a minute than this young
preacher did in a month. He said I had mentioned some-
thing about a devil ; he defied me, or any living man, to
point out one solitary instance wherein the Bible taught a
personal devil.
I replied that Jesus chose twelve Apostles, ^'and one of
them was a devil;" if he could convince other Bible believers
in the congregation that Judas was not a person, I would
admit that he knew a little something about the Bible. He
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 421
abruptly took his seat, and from that time was an attentive
listener.
Received my release in July, and in August was suc-
ceeded by Elders Siddoway and VanTassel. Stopped at the
Bluffs long enough to baptize one, bless one, and solemnize
one marriage; reached home in September.
Though my missions cost me more than a thousand dol-
lars, besides more than double that in wages had I remained
at home, I have never, for one moment, regretted the sacri-
fice; the experience gained more than compensated for time,
labor and means; while the knowledge acquired, of the things
of God and the testimony of Jesus, I hold as invaluable-
And now% after years have passed, I repeat, in words of sober-
ness, and in all sincerity, that the happiest period of my life,
as well as the most profitable, was spent in the Master's ser-
vice.
Recapitulation: Baptisms, 108; ordinations, 11; children
blessed, 37; branches organized, 5; branches re-organized,
1; marriages, 1; meetings held, 249; miles traveled, 9870;
total cost, $1320. Eli H. Peirce.
422 BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER LVI.
Alphonso Snow.— Letter from President Taylor.— Called on mission.— In
Tennessee. — Strange dialect. — Travels and preaches.— Organizes a Brar. oh.
— Opposition. — Ordered to leave. — A dastardly letter.— Opposition pro-
motes good. — Professors of religion the persecutors. — What a Deacon
said. — Presides over a Conference. — In Georgia. — Alphonso released. —
Visits relatives.
N the 23d of February, A. D. 1881, I was somewhat
surprised to receive a letter from President John Tay-
lor, requesting me to take a mission to the Southern
"States. Surprised I certainly was, for my mind up to this
time had not been turned to religious matters, and my maxim
was, "I sought no change." But from the moment I received
the appointment I was determined to fulfil my mission to the
best of my ability.
I was, at that time, engaged in teaching school, and after
;a few weeks of preparation, I bade adieu to my kindred and
friends, and soon found myself among strangers and those
^'who know not God." Thrown thus entirely upon my own
resources, I now commenced to search the Scriptures, and the
:^erm of the Gospel, hitherto undeveloped, sprang apparently
into life.
My field of labor was in the States of Tennessee and
Kentucky, principally in the former. I found the country
people far behind my expectation, both intellectually and
financially. However, I entered actively into the work, and
soon found much to interest me in my labors and in the
ipeople themselves. Their peculiar phraseology was often
truly amusing; such expressions as "tote," "reckon," "we
'uns," "you 'uns," etc., were household words. I remember
shortly after my arrival at my destination, while stopping
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 423
with one of the "good families," the lady of the house sent
her son-in-law, Dr. , to call me to dinner, when he
accosted me thus: "Elder Snow, I have been requested to
carry you to dinner" — carry being a common term for fetch.
I at first thought he was jesting, but glancing up and seeing
an earnest expression on his face, I replied: "Do you think
you-can do it?" It was now his turn to be surprised, to have
an utter stranger, when politely asked to dinner, reply, "Do
you think you can do it?"
During the summer of 1881, Elder B. H. Roberts, my
traveling companion, and myself held as many as six and
seven meetings a week, often walking from twenty to thirty
miles each day in the hot, broiling sun, to fill our appoint-
ments. At first we met with little success, but later in the
summer those who believed offered themselves for baptism,
and we organized a branch of the Church, consisting of forty-
four members. Up to this time, in the fall of 1881, we had
received but little persecution, but when we commenced
making converts the people became enraged, and many
threats were breathed against us.. Notices were posted up
on trees and schoolhouses requesting us to leave the county
forthwith. About this time, while left alone with the Saints,
upon going to the post office for my mail, I received the fol-
lowing note:
Shooters' Hamlet, September 14, 1881.
Most Infamous Scoundrel:
You are warned to leave this county in one week; if you
remain it will be at the peril of your life. We have measured
the ground ; go, or we will hang you like dogs.
Indignant Citizens.
No attention was paid to this threat, and the only effect
it had was to increase the supply of Mr. H.'s buckshot. The
author of this letter was the son of a Presbyterian minister, a
424 BIOGRAPHY AND
portion of whose flock had been added to the Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-day Saints.
I had often read of the persecutions and death of our
Savior, which was brought about and accomplished by
religious sects, those who professed to follow strictly the rites
and ceremonies of Moses and the Prophets; this was often a
mystery and a source of astonishment to me; nor could I
understand, until my brief experience among the modern
Pharisees, how those who professed to be so good and holy
could perpetrate such horrid deeds. A deacon in one of the
popular sects of the day, while visiting our host, who, by the
way, was not connected with any religious society, the subject
of "Mormonism" being broached, said: "Mr. H., if I could
raise a mob to-day I would drive those Mormon Elders from
the county or hang them to a tree." "You would," replied
Mr. H., "well, I'm not a religious man, as you are; in fact I'm
what you good people please to term a wicked man, but I
would not commit such a bloody deed as you propose doing;
and, further, I expect those Elders to my house to-night, and
if you insult them, say nothing of hanging, I'll shoot you
deader than h — 1!" The deacon left prior to our arrival.
Upon many other occasions when meeting and school-
houses were closed against us, when we were threatened
to be attacked by night, and pistols were handed us for
our protection, never upon one occasion, when we took
time to investigate, did we fail to trace the cause of these
persecutions to a religious source. The persecution of the
Elders in the Southern States is commonly of a more
sanguine nature than in most other parts of the world.
And though this is so, on the other hand our friends usually
are as determined to protect us. Here the the Southerner
sallies out against the "Mormon" Elder with hickory
withes, knives and pistols. In the Northern States, for
example, it is of a milder nature, as being rotten-egged,
tarred and feathered, etc. Here, also, our host usually says,
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 425
"If. they injure you it will be over my dead body," while
elsewhere the Elders' friends are often half-hearted; though
even here there are exceptions to the rule, for I myself have
had firearms handed me for my protection, while the family
retired to a back room.
In October of 1881, I was called upon to assist President
John Morgan in the correspondence of the mission. The
headquarters were then at Nashville, Tennessee, and much of
my time subsequently was spent in that city, especially during
the absence of President Morgan, when I was expected to
look after the general affairs of the mission.
In the spring of 1882, I was appointed to preside over
the East Tennessee Conference. During the summer I
traveled into middle Tennessee, in Hickman county, and
spent a pleasant month with "Uncle" Robin Church, who
embraced the truth many years ago, and upon one occasion
went hunting with David Patten when he was preaching
through the south.
In the fall of the same year I was called upon to accom-
pany a party of Saints to Colorado. Accordingly, about the
middle of November, I left with over one hundred emigrants,
and after a tedious journey of five days, we reached Manassa,
Colorado, where the Saints were settling, and were met at the
depot by the people, who received us with the hospitality
proverbial of the southern people. Though the valley, the
San Luis, had been but newly settled, still much headway
had been made, and the people were enjoying themselves both
temporally and spiritually.
I spent the remainder of the winter in Chattanooga and
the northern part of the State of Georgia, looking after the
general affairs of the mission, during Elder John Morgan's
absence to Salt Lake.
In the spring of 1833, I was honorably released from my
mission to return home at my earliest convenience. I took a
trip up through the Carolinas to Philadelphia, visited Inde-
426 BIOGRAPHY AND
pendence Hall, etc., and then up to New York. In the latter
city I met a number of our Utah people, among others, Bishop
John Sharp, John W. Young, and Elder James Hart. I
accompanied the latter to Williamsburg, and addressed the
Saints there on Sunday afternoon. From New York I took
train for Auburn, Ohio, to visit my relatives. I found many of
my father's cousins in good circumstances, financially, but not
desiring, as a rule, to investigate the truths of the Gospel,
though I was treated with marked respect and attention.
After spending about three weeks with my father's relatives
in Ohio and in the city of Chicago, I left for my " mountain
home," not perhaps with such haste as Irving describes
Ichabod Crane — that a game of marbles might be played on
his coat tail, but it seemed the cars moved westward slowly
indeed. I reached Salt Lake in time to attend April Confer-
ence, having been absent^ on my mission just two years to a
day. A. H. Snow.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 427
CHAPTER LVIL
Introductory. — Letter from Lorenzo's son-in-law on the Sandwich Islands. —
The weather. — Cane crop. — Five hundred and forty-nine baptisms. —
Bang David Kalakauna is coming to visit the Saints. — Great preparations
for his reception. — Houses decorated. — Inscriptions. — Breakfast is wait-
ing.— The steamer comes. — The King is escorted between two files of
men, women and children. — Cheers. — Introductions. — Breakfast, then to
the meeting house. — Reception. — Singing choirs. — Dedication prayer by
President Partridge. — The King speaks approvingly of the Saints. —
Meeting adjourned. — A "big feast" prepared by the natives. — What
composed of. — How the King was seated. — How he ate. — How they all,
numbering one thousand, ate. — The King escorted to the steamer. — A
national custom. — Splendid conference. — Number of the Saints.
S an incidental jotting of the present, and as a family
historic item in connection with the preceding reports
of missionary labors, we here introduce a letter which
my brother has received from a son-in-law, now on his second
mission to the Sandwich Islands. When sent on his first
mission to the isles, he was quite young, and went as a lone
boy; now he has his family, consisting of a wife (my brother's
daughter), and two children with him. He was called at the
last April Conference, and started soon after its close. This is
Morris Young's third mission abroad.
Late Plantation, Oahu, Honolulu,
Hawaiian Islands, October 11th, 1883.
President Lorenzo Snow, Brigham City, Utah :
My Dear Father. — I take pleasure in writing you, and
hope this letter will find you all well, as it leaves us.
With occasional pleasant sliowers, the weather here is delight-
428 BIOGRAPHY AND
fill. I presume you at home are all preparing for a cold
winter.
Our cane crop is growing finely, a portion of which will
probably be ready to take off in December, when we expect to
commence grinding.
• For several weeks past I have worked very hard, finishing
up the painting of our new meeting house, attending many
meetings in the afternoons and evenings.
Last week the brethren were very busy rebaptizing
and confirming the people, numbering in all, including new
members, five hundred and forty-nine. We took turns in
baptizing. I baptized seventy-two — fourteen of this number
were new baptisms. I baptized one woman wh«sc weight is
two hundred and sixty, and several who weigh over two
hundred.
Saturday, October 6. — Hundreds of people were out early
in the morning. Prior to this, we had received the announce-
ment that the king, David Kalakauna, would honor us with
his presence, and now the word is that the steamer on which
he sails will land here at Laie at six a. m.
Every possible preparation had previously been made for
the reception of His Majesty, and the plantation is now dotted
all over with people. The women are dressed in all colors —
some in silks and satins, some in native manufactured material,
and all in their very best.
I have been assisting in making and decorating a crown,
to be placed over an archway, through which the king will
pass. In the archway is written in large letters, ''E ola morn
ka Moi" — in English, "Forever live the King." This motto is
on the Makia side of the arch, and on the Mauka side is
written "Hui hooidu Lahve," which means "To increase the
nation." The arch is beautifully decorated with ferns and
flags. The large gate near the sea is also nicely decorated
with ferns, leaves and shrubs.
The " Mission House" is fancifullv ornamented with ferns
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 429
and jflowers — tlie posts, railings and ceiling of the porch are
all draped with braided ferns, bountifully interspersed with
flowers, which gives it a very beautiful appearance.
We have a fine liberty pole in the center of the grounds,
on which the Hawaiian flag is floating. The new meeting
house is truly grand; it is set off with three chandeliers, a
large clock on the center of the gallery at the east end, and on
the west, over the stand, hangs my father's likeness, elegantly
draped. On the right-hand wall is written, in large letters, in
the native language, " He that endureth to the end shall live ;"
and on the left, " He will remember the isles of the sea." The
stand, the gallery, and the aisles in the body of the building,
are spread with neat Chinese mats.
After this cursory glance at the meeting house, we will
return to the Mission Hou.se, where we find, breakfast all in
readiness, waiting the arrival of the king. Nine o'clock a. m.,
the steamer is in sight, about twenty-five miles out — eleven
a. m., steamer arrives at Laie, anchors in the harbor some forty
rods from land, and at twenty minutes past eleven, the king
landed in a row-boat, and was carried from the water's edge,
three or four rods, to his horse. His Majesty's party consists
of three ladies and one gentleman. Whether these all belong
to the royal family I do not know. The party have several
servants in attendance. An escort of about fifty horsemen are
at the shore to meet the king.
The following committees are at their posts, viz: Com-
mittee on reception at the beach. Elders Reed, Meldrum,
Brim, Marchant, Kinimakalahua and Kaleohano; captain of
the horsemen, Samuel Woolley ; committee on reception at the
Mission House, President Partridge, Young, Fox, Hansen,
Farrell and Partridge, Jr.; committee on programme, H. A.
Woolley, Gardner and Pack.
The people are now in line on either side of the road for
a long distance. Sunday schools, relief societies, young men's
and young ladies' mutual improvement associations. Elders,
430 BIOGRAPHY AND
Priests, Teachers, Deacons, and the Saints generally, all out in
honor of the occasion.
About twenty-five minutes past eleven a. m., the king
mounted his horse, and was escorted to the Mission House
amid a volley of cheers, " Hip, hip, hurrah ! hip, hip, hurrah !"
from the delighted multitude. Elder H. A. Woolley received
His Majesty at the archway, where the king and party dis-
mounted, and were conducted into the house, where they had
introduced to them President Partridge, Mrs. Partridge, Mrs.
Young, and many of the brethren. President Partridge
welcomed the king to the location, etc., who seemed very
pleased with the reception given him.
The party partook of the breakfast in waiting. During
this time the people gathered to the new meeting house, which
was densely crowded; although it accommodates about five
hundred, half of the assemblage was outside the building.
Breakfast over, the king and party. President Partridge and
wife, and B. M. Young and wife started for the meeting house.
On entering, the congregation arose, and three choirs sang a
national air of the Hawaiian Islands, entitled, "The crowned
King^ One of the choirs came from Honolulu City, one from
the town of Kahana, and the other belongs to Laie. His
Majesty was invited to the stand — his party occupied a position
near the stand, with Sisters Partridge and Young. After
singing, the king took his seat, and the congregation followed
suit.
Meeting was called to order by President Partridge.
Singing by the Laie choir. Prayer by Elder Gardner. Sing-
ing by the Kahana choir. After which, President Partridge
made a few remarks, also read a report of donations for the
new meeting house, and of cost of the building, to wit:
$7,947.58. Next in order was singing by the Honolulu choir,
then the dedication prayer was offered by President Partridge,
when the Laie choir sang a hymn composed for the occasion ;
after which, the king was invited to speak to the people. His
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 431
remarks were very good — he exhorted the people to continue
their good works, and to carry out the teachings they receive
from the Elders in our Church. Said we were the only denom-
ination in his kingdom that kept the laws of the land, etc.
Singing by the Honolulu choir. A few remarks were made by
Mr. Cummings, one of the party. I think he is owner of the
steamer. After singing by the Kahana choir, President
Partridge stated that arrangements had been made for a big-
feast, prepared by the natives for the king and party, the Utah
Elders and wives, and for the whole people on the island,
which would be partaken of at the old meeting house, where a
long bowery was erected for the accommodation of all the
people. Singing. Conference was adjourned until to-morrow
morning (the 7th) at ten o'clock.
Now to the "big feast" — the old meeting house is not
taken by surprise, but is trimmed and tastefully fitted for the
doubly interesting occasion. On each side of the house table-
cloths are spread on the floor, with plenty of ferns scattered
around for the people to sit on; and on the tablecloths are
spread poi in callow baskets, beef, pork, chicken, watermelons
and bananas, on plates, but no plates, no knives and forks, and no
.spoons to eat with. We all ate as the Hawaiians do, luith our
fingers.
At the head of the tablecloths, the king had a bedspread
and pillow to lounge on; his party was seated next him, on
each side, then the brethren and sisters from Utah, then the
natives. His Majesty and all ate poi and meat with their
fingers. The Tcing was very sociable and agreeable, much
more so than when he was here before.
The finger process of eating was so entirely new to Meda,
1 thought she might feel a strong repugnance, but she said she
"rather enjoyed it." There were at least one thousand who
partook of the feast, but not all at the same time.
The king and party returned to the steamer at twenty
minutes to four p.m. The people escorted him to the beach,
432 BIOGRAPHY AND
and, in accordance with Hawaiian custom, he received presents
from the natives, such as poi, pigs, chickens and bananas.
The sea was very rough when the steamer came in and when
it went out, in consequence of the heavy breakers, which are
sometimes very dangerous at this harbor. The day was
pleasant although windy.
Conference adjourned on the 8th. We held seven meet-
ings— tw^o evening meetings; the house is brilliant when it is
lit up.
Over one thousand people were present; they came from
all the Hawaiian Islands. We had a splendid conference.
There are three thousand six hundred eighty-nine Saints,
children and all. Two hundred and eighty-six have received
the Gospel since last April.
Armeda joins me in love to you and the family. Please
remember us to all inquiring friends.
I remain your obedient son,
B. MoRKis Young.
CHAPTER LVHI.
Expression of appreciation creditable. — Lorenzo speaks of his wives. — Their
nobility. — How he made choice of them. — His earthly prospects.— How
they accepted the position. — The Editor explains.— They».prove superior
to circumstances of trial and hardships. — Are comfortably situated. —
Step forth as mothers in Israel. — Their positions.-^Questions to the
defamers of Latter-day Saint women. — Lorenzo's independence of char-
acter.— Where credit is due. — Wife-missions. — Success attributed to
God. — Testimonials of love and respect.
HE following expression of appreciation, which I am
most happy to J&nd recorded in my brother's journal,
does no more credit to the recipients of the enconiums,
than to the heart that prompted, and the head that indited
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 433
them. The acknowledgment of true merit is a virtue as
well as a duty.
In the journal, Lorenzo, speaking of his wives, says: After
years of companionship, I can truly say I have been perfectly
satisfied, and have never, for one moment, felt that I had the
least reason or occasion for regret. In making choice of
wives — in . view of continuing the relationship, not onlj'^
through time, but through endless eternity, realizing my own
lack of wisdom and incompetenc}^ of judging in this impor-
tant matter, it has been my invariable practice to seek in
humble, earnest prayer, the mind and will of God; and I^
acknowledge His guiding M'isdom in this respect, and realize it
impossible for me to feel sufficiently thankful for the good,
"noble-minded women He has given me, which applies to each
without one exception.
Previous to marriage, I explained my position as a public
servant, a minute man — one to whom was committed a dispen-
sation of the Gospel of the Son of God; and gave them' to
understand definitely that so far as this world's goods were
concerned, my prospects were not very flattering, and to their
praise be it written, their minds were elevated, and the desires
•of their hearts lifted far above the gross yearnings of frail
humanity after perishable objects, and they have proven
themselves superior to the hardships, privations, poverty, and
even perils which the Saints, in the earlier periods of the
history of the Church, experienced.
Possessing, as they did, that rare gift — the gift of sound
common sense, my wives all acted in concert, mutually assist-
ing each other; and with all the inconveniences, hard work,
and privations, to which, while raising our children, they
have experienced through my frequent, and, at times, long
absence, like the brave Altnomock, they " scorned to complain,"
and never have they, at any time, sought to detain me, or
prevent my fulfilment of public duties; but on the other
hand, have been and are co-laborers with md in the great
so
434 BIOGRAPHY AND
work of the last days. This testimony of my true and faithful
wives I would fain have " engraven with an iron pen, in the
rock forever," as I bear record in this my journal.
When, by the cruel hand of persecution, the wives of my
brother and the Saints generally were homeless and destitute
of all conveniences, and most of the comforts of domestic life,
at times living in tents and wagons, in storm and sunshine —
at others, in temporary houses or huts, my brother, feeling
the weight of responsibility as husband and father, with
all the warm sympathies of his nature aroused, had to
suppress and struggle against his feelings in view of the cir-
cumstances.
It was at such times that the nobility of soul, of heart
and mind, of his wives shone out, approaching almost to
sublimity. In the most gloom}^ times, when all Avas toil and
privation, their cheerfulness and courage, in which the}^ arose
sup'ferior to trials, were like sunbeams shining though dark,
threatening clouds, and really seemed to warm the cold hand
of poverty which, apparently, was extended in every direc-
tion toward the Latter-day Saints.
Through the blessings and overruling hand of God, the
Saints have had a season of comparative peace and temjjoral
prosperity, and the circumstances of my brother's wives have
greatly changed, exhibiting a striking contrast to those in
bygone days. Through Lorenzo's exertions, industr}^ and
economy, God has wonderfully prospered and bestowed upon
him means, insomuch that his wives have within their reach
not only the necessaries but conveniences and comforts of
life. Instead of tents and wagons, they now live in good, well
furnished houses, with plenty of food and clothing, and where-
with to entertain their friends, and instead of the hurrying,
bustling scenes of other days, congenial quietude.
And now, instead of merely fulfilling their very impor-
tant duties as wives and mothers of children, they step forth
into the broad arena of public life and officiate in the wider
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 435
sphere, and with increasing responsibilities, as mothers in
Israel; thus, in connection with the faithful discharge of home
duties, they are actively engaged iii various organizations as
presidents, counselors, secretaries, teacljers, etc.; and some of
them have the pleasing satisfaction, even now, of seeing their
daughters following, in this direction, in their footsteps, occu-
pying important positions. Mary Adaline, the eldest of my
brother's wives, during the trying scenes through which we
have passed, has been as a mother to all his family. Naturally
of a cheerful disposition, all within her sphere were recipients-
of her motherly, comforting and encouraging influence. Now
age is tracing its lines on her still cheerful face.
Harriet Amelia, after having been for some length of
time president of a ward relief society, has been for several
years past, and is at present, a very efficient president of the
relief society of Box Elder Stake of Zion, also president of the
general monthly meetings of the four branch (ward) societies
of Brigham City.
Sarah Ann has, for two successive years, performed the
duties of teacher in the relief society.
Eleanor has been, and now is, acting as teacher in the
relief society in the Second Ward of Brigham City.
Mary Elizabeth is president of the relief society in the
Second Ward, Brigham City, also Stake secretary.
Phebe Amelia, for several years Stake secretary for the
relief society, in which she was efficient, has noAV turned her
attention to promoting the interests of the primary association.
Minnie, for some time president in branch (ward) capa-
city, now presides over the young ladies' mutual improvement
associations of Box Elder Stake of Zion ; she also officiates as
organist for the tabernacle choir.
Are these women "down-trodden?" Are they ignorant?
Are they enslaved? Do the foregoing expressions of their
husband indicate that he estimates them below his own status,
as slaves to do his bidding, or as dupes to gratify his passions?
436 BIOGRAPHY AND
Let the defamers of Latter-day Saint women hide their
faces in shame and confusion. Well may ignorance blush £lnd
persecution cower beneath the cloak of apostate Christianit}' ;
and well might the corrupt, foul-hearted and foul-mouthed
calumniator of "Mormon" women retire to the depth of a lone
solitude, and there bewail the da}' of his birth, else, forever hold
his peace.
The staunch feeling of independence, a peculiar trait
exhibited in my brother's character in early youth, has marked
his career through all the vicissitudes of his active and event-
ful life. Although it greatly augmented the trial of his nature
in going forth to preach without purse or scrip, particularly
the purse, it has fortified and many times enabled him to rise
superior to circumstances.
During forty-eight years he has been engaged in the M'^ork
of the ministry, either at home or abroad. He has crossed the
ocean eight times, and traveled over one hundred and fifty
thousand miles, and withal raised and supported a large
family — many of his children having become fathers and
mothers of families. However, much credit is due his wives —
a compliment which he fully endorses. In fact, it is a con-
ceded point that when the husband and father is abroad and
performing missionary labors, the wife or wives and mothers,
with all the family cares and responsibilities devolving upon
them, have quite as much of a mission at home. Notwith-
standing my brother's frequent sudden calls abroad, and at
times under pecuniary embarrassments, his wives have never
solicited nor received assistance from any source, nor have
they ever accumulated debts for their husband to cancel on his
return.
In going to his fields of labor, he has invariably borne
his own expenses, even when on some occasions obliged to
borrow money at a heavy and exorbitant percentage. When
on his English and Italian missions, the Saints in Europe con-
tributed liberally in furnishing means which he expended in
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 437
the translation and publication of the Book of Mormon and
other works; also in introdticing the Gospel into diiferent
countries, but no gratuity from the Church.
In meeting the heavy expenses of the Sandwich Islands
and Palestine missions, his good friends in Brigham City gen-
erously contributed.
A few years since, at a conference in Salt Lake City, in
view of the constant spiritual labors of the Twelve Apostles,
the Saints voted them a certain specified amount, to be drawn
from the tithing funds. With the foregoing exceptions and
small gifts occasionally slipped into his hand as testimonials
of friendship, my brother and his family have managed to
take care of themselves; but to accomplish this and gratify
their commendable independent ambition, has required very
careful management, and, at fifties, rigid frugality and strict
economy, contenting themselves for years with the common
necessaries and dispensing with many of the ordinary conve-
niences of life.
I have been prompted to bear this testimony as a rebut to
the frequent untruthful charges of our opponents that the
"Mormon" Elders and their families are supported by tithing
of the Saints.
That my brother and his family have been thus success-
ful, he acknowledges the overruling hand of God; and in
recounting His constant aid and the wonderful manifestations
of His special favors and kindness, his heart swells with grati-
tude beyond the power of language to express.
"Honor to whom honor is due." Some two years after
my brother's return from the Italian mission, as a grateful
expression of their love and their appreciation of his efforts,
devotion and faithfulness in opening up the Gospel to them,
and in establishing the Church of God in that far distant
nation, the Saints in Switzerland forwarded to him, as an
affectionate memorial, a magnificent gold chronometer.
The rich and beautiful gift was received with correspond-
438 BIOGRAPHY AND
ing feelings of love and sincere, heartfelt gratitude, and
Lorenzo, for a season, took pride and i:)leasure in wearing it,
out of respect to those who so generously presented it; and
afterwards, feeling that President Brigham Young, more than
any other man living, was worthy of the costly tribute, pre-
sented it to him, and he manifested his appreciation by having
the presentation with the donor's name inscribed in full on the
interior, and I think he carried it till the close of his life.
^ Some years after the above presentation, my brother
being in Salt Lake City on a visit. President Young sent a
note, requesting him to call at the office of the latter; he did
so, and was invited by the President to accompany him to his
carriage house, which was occupied by a number of carriages.
By this time my brother was in quite a quandary, silently
wondering "what was up," when, to his great surprise and
astonishment. President Young, pointing to a very substantial
and beautiful one, said, "Brother Lorenzo, that carriage is for
you; I shall send it on your return to Brigham City." The
carriage was nearly new — had been purchased at the manu-
factory at a cost of five hundred dollars. Feeling almost
bcAvildered with surprise, Lorenzo protested against its accept-
ance, but on his arrival in Brigham City, he received a mes-
sage that the carriage had been shipped on the Utah Central
railroad.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 439
CHAPTER LIX.
start for Fort Hall Agency. — Meeting in Portage. — In Malad. — Reach the
Reservation. — Meet Indians. — Pitched tent. — With two Bishops Lorenzo
visits the agent. — Describes Mr. Cook. — Lorenzo asks the privilege of
preaching to the Indians. — Prevarication. — An incident. — A discussion. —
Mr. Cook says notliing so much needed as a farmer. — Brother Snow pro-
poses to furnish one. — Mr. Cook will not accept. — Grows uneasy and
will not have preaching. — A grave responsibility.— Mr. Cook shoulders
it. — The school teacher enters and "'brothers" Mr. Cook. — The brethren
start for camp. — Meet Indians. — Visit school. — Little Chief, wife and
daughter.
Ho'^^E now transcribe from Lorenzo's journal, as follows: I
Icl 4! started for the Fort Hall reservation, June 15th,
■ ^ 1883, accompanied hj Bishop I. E. D. Zundel, his
brother, Elder Abraham Zundel, Bishop Hoskins, and Elders
May and Jones, traveling with one carriage and one baggage
wagon. Two intelligent Lamanite Elders joined us at our
Indian colony.
We held meeting at West Portage, and three very inter-
esting meetings on Sunday, at Malad City, Idaho. On reach-
ing the reservation, we traveled but a short distance before
we enjoyed opportunities for renewing acquaintances with our
dusk}^ brethren and sisters — all manifesting the highest pleas-
ure at this, though unexpected visit. Several who had not
been baptized expressed a willingness whenever an opportu-
nity presented.
We told them we were now going to visit Mr. Cook, the
agent, requesting the privilege of holding meetings on the
reservation, to preach, also baptize those wishing to embrace
the opportunity.
We pitched our tent and camped on the banks of the
440 BIOGRAPHY AND
Portneuf, seven miles from the agency. The next morning, in
company with Bishops Hoskins and Zundel, I proceeded to
the agency, where we found Mr. Cook in his office. After
•introducing ourselves, w^e entered into conversation, which
continued nearly three hours.
Mr. Cook is about sixty years of age, affable, intelligent
and prepossessing in appearance. A variety of questions were
asked and answered in reference to the management and pros-
perity of our Indian colony, after which the conversation
turned upon general topics, carried on in a pleasant, sociable
spirit. He professed acquaintance with the president and pro-
fessors of Oberlin College, with whom I had formed acquaint-
ance while there — had traveled and done business in the
vicinity of my birthplace in Ohio — was born and brought up
within thirty miles of where Joseph Smith discovered the
plates from which he translated the Book of Mormon. Mr.
Cook said he was acquainted with the early history of the
"Mormons," and had attended some of their meetings.
Having established friendly relations, I ventured ta
approach the subject, which, to us, was the all-absorbing pro-
position, viz.: Will you allow us to preach on the reservation?
I remarked that I supposed the Indians possessed very crude
notions of revealed religion, having little opportunity of
improA^ng themselves in this direction ; though I think, said
I, you had a minister living at the agency not long since, but
none at present. Mr. Cook replied, "A Methodist minister
came since I took charge of the agency — remained three or
four days, and having observed our surroundings and the
primitive state of affairs, left in disgust, not wishing to forego
the pleasures of cultivated regions and civilized society for the
gloomy outlook which here forced itself upon his tender and
delicate nerves. But," continued Mr. Cook, "government has
now changed its policy and placed the reservation in the
keeping of political men, instead of professors of religion, as
formerly." I replied that I had been pleased in hearing of
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 441
this change of policy, being confident it would result in
greater good to the Indians occupying the reservations; and
that no partiality would now be allowed to one religious
denomination at the expense of another, and all would enjoy
equal privileges in their endeavors to reform and civilize these
unfortunate people.
Mr. Cook immediately changed the drift of conversation
by remarking that the farming interests on the reservation
were in a deplorable condition — the wagons, harnesses, plows,
harrows, reapers, mowers, etc., were not properly cared for,
there being no suitable person to oversee or instruct the
Indians in these matters, especially how to farm properly, as
the government was too stingy and niggardly to appropriate
means for employing a farmer; in fact, he continued, there is
nothing which would conduce so much to the interest of the
Indians of this agency as a good, intelligent and experienced
farmer.
I then said to Mr. Cook, "We will furnish you just such a
man as you have described — one of large experience, and who
will feel an interest in this calling, who will follow your coun-
sel and observe your rules, subject to immediate dismissal
upon neglecting to carry out your instructions. Of course,
Mr. Cook, I suppose the man will be what is called a 'Mor-
mon,' but from your remarks, I understand you are a politi-
cian and not biased by sectarian influences Or religious
bigotry, therefore, his being a 'Mormon' will be no detriment."
He hesitated a moment, then replied, he believed there might
be such an opening, and that he would lay the subject before
the Indian Department, to which I replied, "Mr. Cook, there
is no necessity for delay in applying to the department; this
man shall be furnished without expense to you or the Indian
Department." At this he appeared to be much confused, and
said, "Mr. Snow, the man certainly cannot afford to employ
his time for nothing." Said I, "Mr. Cook, there are thousands
of our people who have labored years for those less deserving
442 BIOGRAPHY AND
such sacrifices than these poor, simple sons of the forest, with-
out emolument, except the consciousness of doing their duty,
and such a man will be furnished, as I before stated, and
without expense." This closed that branch of the conversa-
tion.
His looks of uneasiness plainly indicated the idea was not
relished. I then concluded to bring him directly to the point,
and said, "Mr. Cook, Mr. Zundel is here to talk with the
Indians, desirous first to obtain your consent." He was puz-
zled for an answer; finally said, "Mr. Snow, I do not know
how I can allow you to preach on this reservation without
exposing myself to censure and jeopardizing my position."
"Are you forbidden," I asked, "to allow ministers of the Gos-
pel to preach to these Indians?" "O, no," said he, "our school
teacher, who is a Presbyterian, preaches occasionally." "Yes,"
said I, "ministers of every denomination are allowed this
liberty on all the reservations." "That, I suppose is true,"
said Mr. Cook, "but your people are made an exception — the
government is jealous and suspicious that the influence which
you might gain over the Indians would be employed against
the interest of the nation, on some future occasion ; and fur-
thermore, you teach plural marriage, which the government
now is exerting itself to suppress among the Indians."
I then said, "Mr. Cook, when we use such influence against
the government, we will then talk about it; as yet it never
has been done, and there are no grounds for such suspicion.
And as to teaching plural marriage to the Indians, it never
has been done, and we do not now propose to begin; there is
no occasion even should we wish, as they already practice it
from the influence of long established customs before the
white man was known upon this western continent."
Mr. Cook then drew a paper from his secretary, contain-
ing instructions, in which he was required to assess a fine of
twenty dollars and twenty days' work against every Indian on
the reservation guilty of second marriage, and upon a repeti-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 443
tion of the offense, a deprivation of their portion of meat,
flour, sugar, tea, coffee and clothing — in fact of every gift and
advantage which they received from government. He said he
employed Indians as policemen, but suffered no polygamist to
occupy that or any other official position — that he had just
discharged a polygamist from officiating as policeman, and,
"in fact," said he, "I furnish no employment for that class of
Indians."
I said, "Forbidding the preaching of the Gospel to people
living in a land over which float the 'stars and stripes' of our
boasted republic, looks to me to be a grave responsibility. Will
you allow us to see those instructions in which our people are
denied this privilege?" He said it would require some time to
find the paper, as it was mixed with many others in his secre-
tary, but was reading it not long since — that those instructions
were given to Mr. Danielson, former agent, against some grave
accusations against the "Mormons," for having influenced the
Indians to leave the reservation ; and complaints of this seri-
ous nature have been entered against you since I came: one
in the case of an Indian boy, another (mentioning the name)
was influenced to leave this reservation, I have been
informed."
Bishop Zundel explained that the Indian boy referred to
had come to his colony voluntarily, saying there was no school
at Fort Hall agency, and begged admission to his school, but
stopped only three or four weeks. Concerning the other case
the Indian was a transient, roaming here and there, as fancy
led. Respecting the charges made by Mr. Danielson, they
were unfounded, as he had proven to his entire satisfaction by
visiting the colony and finding none of his Indians; and he
left a written statement to that effect, which he, Bishop Zun-
del, now had in his possession.
I then said to Mr. Cook, "Will you oblige us by looking
over that paper again, for I am satisfied those instructions
relate only to those groundless charges of inducing the Indians
444 BIOGRAPHY AND
to leave the reservation ; and as to any fear of our influencing
them to abandon their reservation, Ave have no phice for them,
nor can we imagine where they could live any length of time
away from the agency."
"Well, Mr. Snow," said he, "I will write to Washington
for more explicit instructions, and inform you of the result;
but, in the meantime I cannot feel authorized to permit you
to preach; I was told to be careful regarding this Mormon
(Question relative to the Indians, etc., etc."
At this point Mr. Bristol, the schoolmaster, alias Presby-
terian minister, entered the office. After introductions, he
turned to our political (?) friend, saluting him, "Brother Cook,"
which brotJiering being constantly repeated, surprised us and
exceedingly annoyed Mr. Cook, who, as he asserted, owed his
position solely to his political status. This circumstance anni-
hilated all hopes of obtaining favor from that quarter.
I spent a few moments in pleasant conversation with Mr.
Bristol — -asked him permission for myself and party to visit
his school the next day, which was cheerfully granted. We
then repaired to our carriage and proceeded to camp.
We had gone but a short distance when we were met by
a large party of Indians, mounted upon fine horses ; they were
chiefs and head men, and very happy to meet us, and their
hearts warmed in clasping our hands in theirs. They turned
and accompanied us to our camp, where we enjoyed an inter-
esting conversation. They were exceedingly incensed at Mr.
Cook's refusal to allow us to preach, insisting persistently that
we should return and talk the matter over in their presence.
We pacified them as best we could, saying, Mr. Cook promised
to write to Washington, asking the authorities to grant us the
privilege; when he received a favorable answer, we hoped to
have an opportunity of returning — of stopj)ing and preaching.
They sta}' ed until dark and some remained until the next day,
when they were joined by many others, some of whom were
also chiefs and head men.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 445
According to appointment, we visited the Indian school,
composed of four girls and six boys (a sufficient number to
cheat Uncle Sam out of a fat salary), who were put through
their exercises with considerable credit. Their copybooks
were neat, and their acquirements in arithmetic exhibited
mental culture.
While encamped at the Portneuf, Little Chief, with his
wife and daughter, visited us. He stated that while at the
agency the day before, with many other Indians, for the pur-
pose of drawing their rations, Gibson Jack, alias Weiragan, one
of their principal chiefs, asked Mr. Cook, that inasmuch as he
had refused to allow us to baptize their men and women, would
he permit us to baptize their children? He answered. No,
they must have nothing to do with the Mormons ; if they did,
their fate should be as ours: ivhen tve were sent to prison, they
should be sent to prison; ivhen we ivere killed, they woidd he hilled;
if tltey ivished to be safe, they must neither follow or listen to us for
a moment.
Little Chief said it made the Indians feel bad when Mr.
Cook threatened them in that way and talked of shedding
blood.
446 BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER LX.
In Bannock Valley. — Happy meeting with Indians. — What Lorenzo said to
them. — Lamanite Elders speak. — All shake hands. — Lorenzo describes
the Agency. — What the Secretary of the Interior says. — A comparison
between the two colonies. — The one at Washakie. — How located. — Sunday
School. — Meeting exercises. — How Lamanitesare taught. — How presided
over. — Their Co-operative Store and Sheep Herd. — White families. — A
re-action. — An Adage. — The United States Supreme Court decides.— Tele-
grams to Hon. L. Snow.
AVING remained in this locality as long as we thought
proper, we moved in a westerly direction some eight
miles and pitched our tent in the valley of the Ban-
nock, still on the reservation, three or four miles from the
western boundary and sixteen from the " Xeely Settlement,"
situated about four miles below the American Falls. About
one hundred and fifty Indians are settled in this valley, many
of whom have been baptized. They cultivate a"bout one hun-
dred acres of land. They greeted us with warm hand-shaking,
while their dusky faces were beaming with joy. One Indian
came to our tent saying he was very sick, and requested us to
administer to him by laying on of hands, which we did.
The reservation is now, evidently, under Presbyterian
rule, and whatever we do our motives will be misrepresented
and every possible effort will be made to destroy our influence
and root out from the heart of the Indian every good seed
sown.
As we were about to leave the reservation, we thought
it due the Indians that we explain our reasons for depart-
ing so soon and without holding meetings. Accordingly
we informed them if they would come together at our camp
the next day, Sunday, we would give them an explanation.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 447
Prompt to the word, Sunday morning, about ten o'clock, they
were gathering together, some coming in wagons, on horses,
and some on foot; the young men and women gaily dressed —
ornamented with beads, ribbons, feathers, etc., etc., some carry-
ing parasols shielding their brown faces from the scorching
sun, all in their best and most attractive attire, and neat in
appearance. We improvised a booth of green boughs, while
our Lamanite friends were engaged in arranging the bowery
just in front, by means of wagons, poles and green bushes.
Thus prepared and ready to commence meeting, our hearts
overflowed with gratitude to our heavenly Father for the
opportunity, as we gazed on this peculiar scene — an assembly
of the children of Lehi, anxiously awaiting our message, and
we felt the Spirit resting upon us as we bowed before the Lord
in earnest and solemn prayer.
I then arose and told them Bishop Zundel would explain
the position each of us occupied in the Church; then I would
tell them our object in making this visit. Brother Zundel hav-
ing thus explained, I informed them that we had come to visit
them, that we felt a lively interest in their welfare and happi-
ness, and would like to have visited them sooner but circum-
stances prevented. "We applied to Mr. Cook for the privilege
of holding meetings and preaching, but have been refilsed.
He promised to write to Washington to inquire if the authorities
there would give us the privilege. We were greatly surprised
and disappointed in Mr. Cook in forbidding us to talk and
preach to our Lamanite friends and brethren, but es he had
seen proper to do so we should respect his orders, go home and
wait till we hear from the head men at Washington.
I said I hoped they would not be angry with Mr. Cook
for his refusal, but endeavor to respect him in his position, and
if they would do right, be patient and prayerful, the Lord
would overrule all these matters for their good and best
interest; that we had not seen them for a long time, and were
now pleased to renew our acquaintance and find that the good
448 BIOGRAPHY AND
Spirit they received after bai)tism was still warming their
hearts, and we did not intend so long time would pass until
we again should visit them ; that we desired them to be good
and kind to one another, not to swear or gamble, nor commit
whoredoms. I exhorted the husbands to treat their wives
kindly, to be industrious, learn to cultivate the ground, raise
their grain and vegetables, and as much as possible make their
own living, etc.; that if they would remember and do these
things, love one another, be humble and attend faithfully to
their prayers, keep the* good Spirit in their hearts, the Lord
would deliver them from poverty and bondage. And many
other words of exhortation and consolation were spoken as I
felt led by the Spirit.
Our two Lamanite Elders then addressed the meeting
with inspired words of comfort and good counsel. During the
entire services there was profound silence and the most marked
attention, not a \Yhisper and scarcely a move.
Having closed the meeting with prayer, I informed our
friends we would like to shake hands with all of them, for
which purpose we placed ourselves in line and received them
one by one, till each had giv^n us a warm, friendly grasp
of the hand, women and children following in the rear, all
eagtr, and performing the parting salutation with spirit and
animation, imparting life to the ceremony.
The Fort Hall reservation is situated in Snake River val-
ley, Oneida County, Idaho, and contains, it is said, 1,233,320
(one million two hundred and thirty-three thousand three
hundred and twenty-nine) acres, with thousands of acres of as
good farming lands as can be found in the west.
And with all this, everything about the agency wears a
gloomy and forbidding aspect; very little land is cultivated,
and that little very poorly and sluggishly. No marks of
industry or enterprise are anywhere visible. There is no one
to lead out and set the example, and there are no inducements
offered those poor Indians to stimulate to industry, and appar-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 449
ently no effort to improve their morals, cultivate their intel-
lects or correct their stupid and false notions of Christianity.
On specified days in the week they gather to the agency,
where Mr. Cook's servant doles out to each his small pittance
of meat and flour furnished by the government. So long as
they draw this meagre supply, sufficient to keep them alive in
a half starved state, with no stimulating influence to industry,
they will not rise above their present condition.
Their buildings are mostly low huts, huddled together
without regard to taste, order or convenience. Mr. Cook
informed us the population of the reservation, including all
ages, was but 1,500 (one thousand five hundred), and con-
stantly decreasing.
From the report of the Secretary of the Interior, Ave
gather the following: "In February, 1880, a school was opened,
which has been continued up to date [which we visited, con-
sisting of four girls and six boys], save the usual vacations."
The report also says: "Notwithstanding the fact that this
school is costing the government some $1,700 (one thousand
seven hundred) per annum for teacher and employees, in
addition to food and clothing for the pupils, the fact still
remains that not one Indian on the reservation can read a
word. Of revealed religion their ideas are about as crude as
they are of letters, save what they have learned of their
brother polygamists, the Mormons, who have quite a following
among them." So much from my brother's journal.
We now wish to show, by comparison, the wide contrast
between the condition and prospects of a colony of Indians
cared for and supported at great expense by the United States
government, and our little colony, numbering two hundred
and fifty men, women and children, located in Washakie, Box
Elder County, Utah Territory.
These Indians receive no appropriations from govern-
ment. The colony is located on lands purchased of the
Brigham City Mercantile & Manufacturing Association, and
81
450 BIOGRAPHY AND
is conducted on the same principles, so far as practicable in its
present growth.
About four months since, in company with Brother
Lorenzo and his son Alphonso, the writer visited the Washakie
colony, arriving on Saturday evening, forty miles from
Brigham City. Next day attended Sunday School, where
white and red scholars intermixed, and was exceedingly grati-
fied with the exercises, the order and interest strikingly mani-
fest and the progress of the classes.
We also attended meeting in the afternoon and were not
a little surprised to mark the effect on savage customs, savage
looks and manners, produced by a constant exercise of kind-
ness, patience, good instruction and good examples, prompted
by the love and spirit of the Gospel. The meeting was
opened by the choir, all Lamanites, and the prayer offered by
a Lamanite brother. My brother addressed the congregation,
and the rapt attention of the red brothers and sisters during
the services indicated the importance they attach to devotional
exercises.
The colony have built a good frame house, 24x40 feet,
with vestry added. It is well seated, and fitted for school as
well as religious purposes, and they own a good library.
These Indians are very industrious, are taught all kinds of
business — farming, fencing, brick making, house painting, and
in fact all of the ordinary branches of home industry.
The day school is taught by Elder J. J. Chandler, who is
also superintendent of the Sunday School, an experienced and
successful teacher. His day school has numbered as high as
fifty-five, with an average attendance of forty-seven. The
Indian scholars are only taught the primary branches. Their
great progress in penmanship is complimentary of well
developed organs of imitation.
These Indians are presided over by Bishop I. E. D. Zun-
del, with his counselors, Abraham Hunsaker and Moroni
Ward.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 451
This season they have raised about six thousand bushels
of wheat, besides a large amount of hay. They have a co-op-
erative store of from $1,500 to $2,000 capital stock, and a
sheep herd of one thousand five hundred head.
All white men laboring in the colony have their families
with them, thus placing in the midst of the red people telling
examples of cultivated and refined domestic life, which is pro-
ducing happy results.
A RE- ACTION.
" Better late than never," is a true adage when applied to
the triumph of right over wrong, of justice over injustice, as
in the case of the late decision of the United States Supreme
Court against the unjust, illegal and oppressive act of 0. J.
Hollister in levying an assessment on the scrip of Zion's
Co-operative Mercantile and Brigham City Mercantile & Manu-
facturing Institutions.
The circumstances attending the assessing of the Brigham
( 'ity Co-operative scrip have been briefly narrated in a former
chapter.
The following telegrams need no comment, they speak for
themselves :
Salt Lake City, March 17, 1884.
Hon. Lorenzo Snow, Brigham City:
Dear Brother. — A telegram just received from Hon. J. T.
Caine, Washington, D. C, tells us that to-day the Supreme
Court of the United States decided the scrip tax case in our
favor. This virtually decides the Brigham City case in your
favor. Please accept my congratulations, and believe me,
Truly yours,
(Signed) Thomas G. Webber,
Secretary and Treasurer Z. C. M. I.
Ogden City, March 18, 1884.
To Hon. Lorenzo Snow, Brigham City:
A telegram from Hon. F. D. Richards, from Salt Lake
4.52 BIOGRAPHY AND
City, last night, informs me that the United States Supreme
Court affirmed the judgment in favor of Z. C. M. I. against 0.
J. Hollister, yesterday, so your judgment against Hollister
. will be good for the whole amount, without any necessity for
compromise. I shall, to-day, write to my old friend Walter
Evans, commissioner of internal revenue, at Washington,
D. C, in relation to the matter, and do hope that the money
will be paid at once. When I hear from Evan^, I will inform
you.
You and your company can well be congratulated on the
long delayed but ultimate success for at least a partial recov-
er}^ from a great injustice.
Truly, your friend,
(Signed) R. K. Williams.
The following closes our historical sketches of the official
labors of Brother Lorenzo:
LOGAN TEMPLE.
This temple, the fourth which the Saints have com-
pleted, although two others are in progress, is known as the
Logan, Cache County, Temple, and was dedicated on the 17th
day of May, 1884, just seven years from the time of the dedi-
cation of the ground on which it is located.
A few months previous to his demise. President Brigham
Young selected the location, and, in connection with his
brethren of the Priesthood, dedicated it for that sacred pur-
pose. He also organized the three Stakes, Cache, Box Elder
and Bear Lake, into what is known as a " Temple district,"
with the understanding that the Saints in those Stakes or
counties should, in a general sense, be held responsible in fur-
nishing the necessary means and labor for building.
Subsequent to the President's death, Apostles Charles C.
Rich, Lorenzo Snow and Franklin D. Richards were appointed
"Temple committee," as general supervisors of this important
work; in which capacity Lorenzo Snow and Franklin D.
AUTOBlbGRAPHY. 453
Richards continued until its completion. Charles C. Rich was
early prostrated by a lingering illness which terminated in his
death, my brother serving as chairman of committee in his
stead.
CHAPTER LXI.
Circular to the heads' of families. — Names of Committees. — Exercises for
Wednesday, a. m-— Wednesday, p. m. — Thursday, p. m.— Friday, p. m. —
Prompt attendance. — Letter from H. A. Hendrickson. — Extracts from
eastern communications. — Weather propitious. — Children amused. — The
hall. — How occupied. — Invited guests. — Table scenes. — Bachelor group. —
The Re-union indescribable. — Article from Deseret Neivs, by C. W.
Penrose.
'HIS chapter, and the chapter of addresses which fol-
lows, very briefly report the unprecedented re-union
which my brother had contemplated for months, and
which, in its recent performance, resulted in a magnificent
success, even beyond his most sanguine anticipations.
GRAND RE-UNION AND ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION.
PART FIRST. — CIRCULAR.
To the Head of each Branch of my Family:
For some time past, my mind has been considerably
impressed with the subject of a family re-union, including my
wives, my sons, my sons-in-law, my daughters, daughters-
in-law and grand children, numbering considerably over one
hundred, now living. The more I reflect upon this subject,
the greater are my anxieties and desires for a family gathering,
that I may see you all once in my life, and give you a father's
blessing.
On the third of April next, if my life is spared, I shall be
seventy years of age, and I think the seventieth anniversary
454 BIOGRAPHY AND
of my birth a suitable time, and its celebration a fitting occa-
sion for the contemplated re-union.
In view of the third of April being so near our annual
Conference in Salt Lake City, also of that early season being
subject to cold and stormy weather, I have decided on the
seventh, eighth and ninth of May, Wednesday, Thursday and
Friday. I request every one to be in Brigham City as early
as Tuesday night, in order to join in the exercises of Wednes-
day morning.
To make this family meeting pleasant, amusing and
profitable to both old and young, I shall spare neither time
nor expense, that every one may feel at home, free and sociable.
Ample provisions will be made to make all comfortable for
food and lodging, etc., as soon as they arrive. Programmes will
be drawn with care and consideration, keeping in view the
different ages and requirements; all to be carried out with life
and spirit, for the gratification of the little ones as well as the
amusement and edification of the older ones, that all may. be,
interested and happy.
I shall forward you a copy of the programmes, and I trust
you will consider no labor nor expense too much ; and that
you will allow nothing to prevent your attendance and that of
your children, except the most serious and insurmountable
obstacles, as it is very probable that this, our family re-union,
will be, not only the first, but also the last we shall have in
this state of existence.
Affectionately,
Lorenzo Snow.
Brigham City, Box Elder Co., Jan., 1884.
Names of Committees. — First evening — Parlor entertain-
ment, by the children; Committee, Mrs. Minnie J. Snow, Mrs.
Abigail S. Rosenbaum, Mrs. Eliza S. Dunford. Second even-
ing— Theatrical performance; Committee, Mr. Elijah A. Box,
Mr. George F. Gibbs, Mr. Eli H. Peirce, Mrs. Lydia S. Peirce.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 455
Third evening — Family dance; Committee, Mr. Alphonso H.
Snow, Mrs. Sylvia S. West, Mr. Leonidas T. Peirce, Mrs. Lydia
S. Peirce, Mrs. Ida S. Gibbs. — Committee on Decorations, Presi-
dent Oliver G. Snow, Mr. Lorenzo Snow, Jr., Mr. Frank Snow,
Mrs. Sylvia S. West, Mrs. Huldah J. Snow, Mr. M. D. Rosen-
baum.
Programme for Wednesday, a. m. — Bell-ring, half-past 0;
assemble at 10. Order of exercises: Singing, "Welcome to
all" (organ accompaniment), by the family ; prayer, President
0. G. Snow; singing, "Greeting song" (organ accompaniment),
the small children; opening address. President Lorenzo Snow;
address (extempore), Mrs. Adaline Snow ; address (extempore),
Mrs. Harriet A. Snow; organ solo, Miss Parintha Snow;
address (extempore), Bishop George Dunford; address (extem-
pore), Mr. Orville Hendrickson ; " My mother's dear old song''
(organ accompaniment), Mrs. Clara S. McAllister; address
(extempore), Mrs. Sarah A. Snow; address (extempore), Mrs.
Abigail S. Rosenbaum; singing, "Hard times come again
no more," the family; address (extempore), Mrs. Phebe A.
Snow; singing, "Bye and bye," all; benediction, Mr. Elijah A.
Box.
Wednesday, p. m. — Exercises: Singing, "Gospel call," by
the family; prayer, Bishop G. Dunford; singing, "Glorious
things," etc., the family; poem, Mrs. E. R. S. Smith ;' recita-
tion. Miss Roxcy Lana Snow ; " Cuckoo song" (organ accom-
paniment), Mrs. Huldah J. Snow ; address (written), Mr. G. F.
Gibbs; "My little German home across the sea" (organ
accompaniment). Miss Dora Snow; address (extempore), Mr. E.
A. Box; "Under the daisies" (organ accompaniment), Mrs. M.
J. Snow; "The bells" (recitation), President 0. G. Snow; piano
solo, Mrs. Ida S. Gibbs; address (extempore), Mrs. Eleanor H.
Snow; "How the old horse won" (recitation), Mr. Alvirus E.
Snow; song (organ accompaniment), Miss Virginia Snow;
song, " Goood night," the small children ; benediction. Col. C.
Loveland.
456 BIOGRAPHY AND
Thursday, a. m. — Blessing meeting.
Thursday, p. m. — Exercises: Singing, "What shall the
harvest be?" by the family; prayer, Mr. G. F. Gibbs; singing,
the family; address (written), Mr. M. D. Rosenbaum; piano
duet, Mrs. I. Gibbs and Mrs. M. J. Snow; "Eugene Aram's
dream" (recitation), Mr. Leslie W. Snow; "The white canoe"
(organ accompaniment), Mrs. Rosetta S. Loveland and Miss
Dora Snow; "Sheridan's ride" (recitation), Mr. George F.
Gibbs; "Schneider's ride" (recitation), Mr. Eli H. Peirce; song,
"Eilene Allanna," Mr. Leonidas T. Peirce; address (poem), Mr.
Orion Snow; piano solo. Miss Virginia Snow; address, Mr.
Frank Snow ; " The two cousins " (vocal duet). Miss Parintha
and Mrs. Huldah Snow; address (extempore), Mr. Alphonso
Snow; "His mother, the boy's best friend" (song), Mrs. Sylvia
West; address (written), Mrs. M. P. Young; "Jane Conquest"
(recitation), Mrs. Ida S. Gibbs ; " Peace upon the waters," Mr.
Eli and Mrs. Lydia S. Peirce ; address (impromptu), Mr. Charles
W. Penrose; singing, "The crowning day," the family; bene-
diction, Mr. F. H. Snow.
Friday, a. m. — Blessing meeting.
Friday, p.m. — Exercises: "Shall we gather at the river?"
by the family; prayer; singing, the small children; organ
duet, Mrs. M. J. and Miss Dora Snow ; address (extempore),
Mrs. Mary H. Snow; Trio, "Come, rise with the lark," Presi-
dent 0. G., Mrs. Mary P. and Dora Snow; address, Mrs. Minnie
J. Snow; song, "Sweet Evangeline" (guitar accompaniment),
Mrs. Eliza S. Dunford; address, Mr. Hiram Hendrickson;
song, "Lillie Dale" (organ accompaniment), Mrs. Roxcy S.
Box; address. Col. Loveland; parting address, President
Lorenzo Snow; singing, "Sweet bye and bye," all ; benediction
President Lorenzo Snow.
In i^rompt response to the circulars issued by Brother
Lorenzo, the members of his family, with very few exceptions,
were present at the opening exercises of his birthday celebra-
tion and family re-union. The unavoidable detentions were
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 457
surmounted witli promptitude, and the delinquents put in
their appearance in eager haste, in all possible cases.
The following, from Mrs. Mary Adaline's eldest son, by her
former husband, is the expression of a noble, honest and
appreciative heart:
Parowan, Iron County, May 5, 1884.
Hon. Lorenzo Snow:
Dear Father. — It is with the greatest reluctance that I am compelled
to say I shall be unable to attend the coming celebration of your seventieth
anniversary. I have delayed making excuse until this late moment, in the
vain hope that something would occur which would enable me to be
present.
However, if I may not be present in person, I certainly shall be in
spirit, desiring that everything on that occasion may bring to you, honored
sir, an increase of joy, honor and praise.
In reviewing your life-labors and sacrifices, I am almost constrained to
write encomiums, but I forbear — I will leave that for a more worthy hand;
but permit me to say that the examples set before me in your life are not
altogether lost. I feel their impress every day I live; and whatever I have
of hope, of aspiration or ambition, seems to rest on a worthiness of a name
and place in your family.
When I see you, I doubt not, I will be able to give sufficient and satis-
factory reasons for my absence from the family re-union.
With good desires and well wishing,
I remain, affectionately yours,
Hiram A. Hendrickson.
Extracts from two letters written by non-"Mormon" rela-
tives in the East, in response to invitation circulars from
Brother Lorenzo:
Chicago, May Ist, 1884.
Dear Cousin Lorenzo. — Your kind invitation to your family re-union
was duly received, and we are truly grateful for your remembrance of us.
After due and thoughtful consideration, we cannot see our way clear to join
you. We are very loth to relinquish our hope of commingling with j'ou on
an occasion so full of promise, and of congratulating you and cousin Eliza
on the blessed privilege you will enjoy in thns uniting in social re-union.
We have no one here to whom we can safely entrust our cares — more
especially the responsibility of our young family, and we feel compelled to
458 BIOGRAPHY AND
forego the happiness we should fully appreciate. Our aged mother is now
with us, and wishes me to express her warmest regards and love for you all.
******
Hoping and firmly believing that at no very distant day I shall visit
you at your home, and wishing you and yours much joy and many happy
re-unions,
I remain, most sincerely yours,
Taylor A. Snow.
Auburn, Geauga County, Ohio, May 2, 1884.
Dear Cousin Lorenzo. — With mingled feelings of pleasure and regret,
I now write you. It is pleasure to be the recipient of an invitation to a
great event, and with feelings of deep regret we are obliged to decline the
invitation. After the receipt of yours, for weeks we neither talked,
dreamed or thought much of anything but going to Salt Lake. Alonzo,
myself and our wives decided on coming, but Alonzo's son-in-law, who had
been in a decline, was taken worse, and his condition became so alarming,
we could not leave; and at this writing his death is hourly anticipated. *
* * I must close by sending our love and good wishes to you and
your magnificent family. May you live to enjoy many anniversaries.
Wishing you success in all your undertakings, and hoping we may yet
visit you and your family,
I subscribe myself, your cousin,
Oliver F. Snow.
The programmes, which had been pre-arranged, were car-
ried out with very few alterations, and were, without one
exception, executed in the most gratifying manner. Even the
elements seemed to participate in the arrangement ; Nature, by
refulgent smiles and harmonious bearing, contributed much
to the enjoyment of the auspicious occasion. It was a strik-
ing and very noticeable coincident, that the weather, which
for a long time previous had been drearily stormy and threat-
ening, even up to mid-day before the opening, on that
momentous morning presented a cloudless sky and calm
atmosphere, which continued till after the close of the festival.
Our new-styled Patriarch apparently lost sight of nothing
that would add to the innocent and laudable gratification of
all ages and capacities. On the evening preceding the open-
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 459
ing of the general entertainment, for the special amusement of
the little folks, who were in groups frolicking on the lawn in
front of his residence, he had a variety of fantastic Chinese
lanterns suspended in convenient proximity; the novelty of
the queer illumination of those swinging orbs, with the small
children, to whom the sight was new, created convulsions of
laughter and merriment, in which some of "larger growth"
participated through sympathy with the youngsters.
The upper hall of the court house, in which the devo-
tional and intellectual exercises were performed, is 45x65
feet, with a galler}^ extending across one end. A platform
twelve feet wide, extending the width of the hall — raised one
foot above the floor, was occupied by the family, with the
exception of from twenty to twenty-five small children; these
were seated in double rows beside the platform; and having
been prepared by careful training, sang sweetly, as none but
children can sing, to the no small gratification of all present.
Near one end of the platform (one on each side of the speak-
er's table), stood a piano and organ. The brass band occupied
the stage on the left; the auditorium, including the gallery,
on the right, was filled with guests.
With the exception of the family dance on Friday even-
ing, in the Social Hall, the "Council of the United Order
OF Brigham City," with their wives, were invited guests
during- the three successive days and evenings. In view of
contributing, so far as consistent with the peculiarities of the
occasion, to the happiness of many. Brother Loren7,o reached
beyond his own family circle and the "Council," by increasing
the audience to the full capacity of the auditorium, inviting
as many of the citizens of the city and vicinity as could be
accommodated.
The entire exercises were performed by Brother Lorenzo
and family, with the following exceptions: brass band; Elder
C. W. Penrose, editor of the Deseret News, and intimate friend
of my brother, by special invitation being present, gave an
460 BIOGRAPHY AND
eloquent extempore address on the platform — also a humorous
speech at the table, which elicited much applause. Mrs. M.
P. Young, whose son is now a missionary on the Sandwich
... . " . *
Islands, with his wife, Armeda S., was invited as their repre-
sentative, and responded to the programme in a well written
address; also the writer in a poem written for the occasion.
At the conclusion of the table convivial on Friday, several of
the gentlemen who had politely and genteelly served as hosts,
were called on for speeches, and each appropriately responded,
eliciting hearty cheers.
The after-dinner-table scenes were truly exhilarating,
and added greatly to the ever-varying enjoyment. There
perfect freedom, untrammeled by restraint, ruled the festive
hour, when toasts, speeches, conundrums, and whatever would
conduce to free, jolly, innocent amusement, interspersed with
refined, high-toned sentiment, was in order.
Mr. Charles Kelley, a gentleman of proverbial amiability,
and fully competent, superintended the table arrangements.
The dining hall, 22x45 feet, had commanded the attention of
the decorating committee. Two tables, extending the whole
length, were amply spread with the bounties of the earth, and
artistically decorated with flowers, and with beautifully
mottoed cakes, fresh from the hands and plastic molds of skilful
confectioners. The adults were seated at one table, and the
little people, as chatty as magpies, and apparently as loving as
doves, at the other, reserving a sufficient number of seats at
the head of the table to accommodate the "bachelor group,"
over which one of the unmarried daughters presided.
The appended article, from the gifted pen of the editor of
the Deseret News, which we copy from that paper, in his own
eloquent style, touches the really indescribable subject —
Lorenzo's family re-union. Any attempt at pen and ink
representation, which necessarily fails to include the spirit and
pervading influence of that entirely unique and unprece-
dented social entertainment, must fall short of reality, from
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 461
the fact that human language is inadequate to express the
inspiriting sensations and emotions of the head and heart. To
say the least, everything moved with the precision of clock-
work, and proved a grand and complete success ; every one,
even to the little three-year-old, was fully up to his and her
part in the programme of exercises.
GATHERING OF THE SNOWS.
On the 3d of April, 1884, Apostle Lorenzo Snow reached
his seventieth year. Few who have noted his upright form,
his quick, active step, his ready mind and his sharp, intelli-
gent eye — reading small manuscript without glasses — have
been aware that he was near upon the scriptural age of three
score years and ten. He had been impressed for some time
with a desire to gather around him his family and connections
on the occasion of this birthday, but recognizing the fact that
it was close to the time of the general conference, and com-
monly a season when travel is difficult because of the spring
rains, he fixed upon the 7th, 8th and 9th days of May for the
family re-union. Invitations were extended, therefore, to his
wives and children, sisters and brothers, sons-in-law and
daughters-in-law, with their little ones, to meet on those days
in the court house, Brigham City, which was placed at his
disposal for the purpose. The writer was present by special
invitation, and greatly enjoyed the festivities.
At 10 o'clock, local time, the family met, numbering a
hundred and ten persons present, and were called to order b}^
Apostle Lorenzo Snow, who explained the object of the gather-
ing, and announced the programme which had been arranged.
He was assisted by his son, President Oliver G. Snow, in the
management of the exercises. Speeches were made by the
several wives of the honored Patriarch, expressive of their
good wishes to him and their veneration for the principles of
celestial marriage by which they were united to him and to
each other; songs were sung and recitations given by daughters
and sons, and at noon, in one of the lower rooms, tables were
462 ^ BIOGRAPHY AND
spread with a rich collation for the whole party. Here a
speech was called for and responded to, impromptu, by C. W.
Penrose, of Salt Lake, and pleasant sentiments were expressed
by the company.
At 2 p. m. the exercises were resumed, the court room
being filled with invited guests, and songs, recitations, written
addresses, a very fine poem by Sister Eliza R. Snow Smith,
extemporaneous speeches, etc., were delivered until 5 o'clock.
During the proceedings, the following telegram was
received from Brother Snow's brother, a non-"Mormon:"
Santa Barbara, California, 4:30 p.m.. May 7, 1884.
Lorenzo Snow:
Hail, brother, sister! Love, peace, happiness, God's bless-
ing on all. Samuel P. Snow.
In the evening an entertainment was given by the little
folks of the family, in the same place, which was filled with
invited guests. Little children four years old and upwards
recited, danced, sang, played on musical instruments and per-
formed a pleasing play, introducing a fairy spectacle that gave
an opportunity for the smaller children to display their talents.
The costumes were elegant and appropriate, the performance
was excellent, and everything passed off without a jar. The
confidence and aptitude exhibited by the very little ones in
coming out upon the stage alone to recite, making their bow
and retiring with grace, was really remarkable as well as
pleasing in the extreme.
On Thursday the family met again at a general dinner, at
half-past 12 o'clock, when toasts and sentiments were called for
from nearly every member of the family but the grandchildren,
and none failed to respond. Wit, humor, good wishes and
benedictions filled up the time rapidly until 2 o'clock, when
the entertainment was continued, the court room being
crowded to its utmost capacity. Some most excellent
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 463
impromptu speeches were delivered and recitations and poems
declaimed. In the evening, "Love's Sacrifice" was splendidly-
performed, all the actors being members of the family, sons or
sons-in-law, daughters or daughters-in-law of the honored
Patriarch.
The general talent displayed was really exceptional.
Every one called upon, down to the little girls scarcely able to
speak plainly, responded without hesitation, and none were
unable to perform their respective parts in a manner that
would do credit to well trained professionals. It is indeed
rare to find so much talent in one family. Usually gifts of
this kind are possessed but by one or two members, but the
Snows seem all to be musical, poetical or dramatic, or all
combined. Some most excellent addresses, written and
impromptu, were made during the festivities, and we only
regret that we have not space to reproduce them.
On Friday another family dinner was given, at which the
sallies of wit, in toast and conundrum, were brilliant and
humorous, and all the remaining adult members of the family
who had not previously contributed to the after-dinner exer-
cises responded to calls from the President. A number of
young men between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four were
seated together at the head of one table as the bachelors' group,
and were the objects of much pertinent advice. But they
were fully able to return the retort courteous and added much
to the general enjoyment.
In the afternoon, most of the family assembled on the
east porch of Brother Snow's residence, facing the co-operative
store, and were photographed in a group. In the evening a
grand ball was given in the upper room of the court house,
when the public part of the proceedings was brought to a close
in a most enjoyable manner. During the intervals between
the exercises, lasting three^days, Brother Snow, as the Patriarch
of his house, bestowed blessings upon the heads of many mem-
bers of his large family, intending to continue before they
464 BIOGRAPHY AND
separated for their respective homes, to lay his hands upon and
bless them until all received his administrations, as it is
unlikely that they will ever enjoy another re-union of this
kind in this state of existence. Bi\t in the great eternity
before us all, they expect a re-union of a far more extensive
and pleasing character. When the head of this family, having
gained his exaltation, and holding the keys of eternal lives and
endless increase, will gather around him all that belongs to his
house, saved, redeemed, resurrected, glorified to reign over
them as a king and a priest unto God for ever, when there will
be no trial, no weakness, no pain, and no death, and where
perfect union and unfading affection will bind all together in
the perfection of bliss and the majesty of the glorified sons and
daughters of the Eternal Father.
In conclusion, we repeat the sentiment we expressed on
the occasion : Health, blessing and peace to the Snows of our
mountain valleys, with their head, chief and Patriarch ! May
they be as numerous as the flakes that fall in winter, as firm
and solid as the snows of our loftiest peaks in the defence of
right and the maintenance of true principles ; as resistless as
the mighty avalanche in sweeping away error and rooting up
iniquity ; and shining in the sunlight of celestial glory, remain
forever the emblem of all that is pure and beautiful and good !
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 465
CHAPTER LXII.
Our father's birthday. — Prose address by F. H. Snow. — Poem by M. D.
Rosenbaum. — Prose address by G. F. Gibbs. — Poem by O. W. Snow. —
Prose address by A. H. Snow.— Poem by E. R, S. Smith.— Closing
address by Lorenzo Snow.
GRAND RE-UNION AND ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION. — PART
SECOND.
'HIS chapter of addresses opens with "Our Father's
Birthday," which we composed for the occasion. The
prose addresses are epitomized — the poems given in
full.
OUR FATHER'S BIRTHDAY.
We fain would decorate this day
With garlands choice and sweet;
Of rich ambrosia we would lay
A tribute at your feet.
But nobler gifts we now impart,
Embellished with our love,
And trust the incense of the heart
May not unwelcome prove.
CHORUS.
Hail, hail, all hail to your natal day!
May it many times rett^n;
And your life-lamp, glowing fresh and gay,
With health and vigor burn.
Long may you live our lives to bless,
And our young steps to guide,
Until with Zion's righteousness,
Your soul is satisfied —
466 BIOGRAPHY AND
Till you fulfil 3'our great desires,
In your life-labors done;
When up to all that God requires
His people shall be one.
CHORUS.
Hail, hail, all hail to your natal day!
May it many times return;
And your life-lamp, glowing fresh and gaj',
With health and vigor burn.
ADDRESS BY FRANK II. SNOW.
In rising to address my honored father in the presence of
my several mothers, my brothers, sisters, and the family in
general, I will commence by saying that tliis is one of the
most honorable positions I have ever had the privilege of
occupying. Where is there a wife, a son or a daughter, that
would not feel proud of the beloved and honored parent that
has been instrumental in bringing into the world the numer-
ous posterity — those who now sound forth their praises to the
great Jehovah for having been permitted to come forth upon
the earth and receive their bodies through such an honorable
parentage? The honored parent to whom I refer is our aged
father, who now sits in the midst of his numerous posterity.
Our father, like unto Abraham of old, sits as a great
High Priest, surrounded by his family on earth, which now
numbers over five score and ten, and like the ancient patri-
archs, is waiting the time when the Lord will call him up, to
become a God in eternity, not merely to reign over hundreds,
but thousands and tens of thousands.
While the members of this family now look upon our
honored father, we, his children, all, with one accord, feel to
say, Father, the many silvery locks that adorn your venerable
head number thousands, but your many noble deeds number
tens of thousands.
It has often been remarked that children should excel
their parents in goodness and noble deeds; but I say, may we,.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 467
the sons and daughters of this, our aged father, make for our-
selves as honorable record as that of his, and have before us,
at the age of three score and ten years, as great a testimonial
as surrounds him on this grand and glorious occasion.
Inasmuch as we are considered worthy to feast with our
father on earth, may we prove ourselves more worthy to feast
Avith him in eternity, when this earth shall have passed into
its glorified state, and when our father will be surrounded by
multitudes of his noble posterity who have obeyed the first
commandment of multiplying and replenishing the earth.
I pray the Lord to pour down blessings upon each mem-
ber of the family, and that in his declining years oar father
may look with as much pride and cause for gratitude upon
a noble posterity as he does on this grand occasion.
ADDKESS BY MORRIS D. ROSENBAUM,
SON-IN-LA.W OF LORENZO SNOW.
I've come, responsive to your call, dear friend,
And heartfelt tribute cheerfully extend
On this, your seventieth anniversary.
And gladly honor this, your jubilee.
I fain would cherish all men's noble de?ds,
Without regard to nations or their creeds;
I'll never harbor malice in my heart —
From truth and virtue I will not depart.
In the grand cause of truth and human right,
You've labored long — you've worked with all your might.
In aiming Zion's children to unite ;
The Lord has blest you with unrivaled light.
You've traveled much abroad o'er land and sea —
The Gospel standard raised in Italy;
Journeyed in Asia's far-off sunny clime.
And testified to men in Palestine.
468 BIOGRAPHY AND
A sacred record, by the ancients written,
You once presented to the Queen of Britain;
In various ways you've worked for Zion's cause.
Withal assisted framing Utah's laws.
You long have known that truth alone will stand ;
You know God's kingdom yet will fill the land;
You sec it rolling forth in might along,
And yearly in these mountains growing strong.
You've bravely toiled through many joys and fears,
Until your age o'erreaches seventy years;
On this occasion I rejoice to see
You thus enjoy your w-ell-earned jubilee.
Since nightly rest is unto labor given,
And one day set apart in every seven,
'Tis right that you should have a jubilee
Of rest, and bless your own posterity.
I wish a thousand blessings and good cheer
To 30U, with all your family now here,
For what you've done and what you've suffered too,
With life so pure, and with a heart so true.
In fervent prayer I ask the God of grace
To smooth your pathway in your onward race;
And unto you may special grace be given
To help you walk the "narrow way" to heaven.
May many years of true prosperity
Be added on to your past seventy,
With peace and plenty in your mountain home,
Is the wish of your friend,
M. D. ROSENBAUM.
ADDRESS BY GEORGE F. GIBBS.
Much Honored Sire: Thankful for the opportunity, I
cheerfully respond to the programme and offer a few senti-
ments on this highly interesting occasion.
Family gatherings are time-honored customs. The pres-
ence of a man's children (especially when his family is
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 469
numerous) around the old homestead, besides affording social
pleasure, administers to his manly pride — a characteristic
marked and deep-sealed in the hearts of all men worthy the
appellation of Patriarch. But the present gathering is
unique; its counterpart has been entirely unknown for many
generations.
Your wives, children, and children's children, numbering
in all one hundred and twenty souls, have assembled to do
you honor on this, your seventieth anniversary, and to receive
a husband's and father's blessing.
The position you occupy in relation to your family is
strictly and emphatically patriarchal — a position which has
been lost sight of for centuries past. It is your right by vir-
tue of the family ties you have formed, and the holy Priest-
hood you hold and honor, to stand at the head of your pos-
terity— it is your privilege to call them together to instruct
them, and to place your hands upon their heads and bless
them; and it is their privilege, through their worthiness, to
receive blessings at your hands. When the government of
God is fully established on the earth, the patriarchal order
will be recognized and will obtain among the Saints.
The patriarchal is the only form of government that can
guarantee the full degree of liberty that God, in the begin-
ning, designed for His children; and this is in keeping with
man's development from his low to his high estate.
It has been truly said, before a man can attain to the
position of ruler, he must first learn to govern himself, and
we may add, before he is competent to govern his own family
organization, he must submit to family government — he
must practice obedience — he must respect authority. He that
humbleth himself, God will exalt, and he that exalteth him-
self, God will abase. How admirably this principle is illus-
trated in the life of our great Prototype; He was the servant
of all.
As we may naturally expect the well-trained, obedient
470 BIOGRAPHY AND
child to do honor to man's estate, we may admit that the well-
governed family, in which the members make life and its
object their aim and study, will, in time, assume the propor-
tions of a mighty kingdom, reflecting the wisdom of the Gods,
to whose increase there will be no end.
To the principle of plural marriage, revealed by the Lord
in our day, you are indebted for the extraordinary scene that
now presents itself to our gaze. When that principle was first
whispered in your ear — when it came trembling, as it were,
from the Prophet of God, you must well remember how it
struck deep against your traditions and prejudices, even as the
axe is laid against the root of the tree. It was hardly pos-
sible in that early day for you to look into the future only
some forty years and imagine these the results of your obedi-
ence and faithfulness. Beholding, as we do this day, what
God has wrought through you in so short a time, let us ask
ourselves, What pen can write, what tongue tell the outcome?
This is left to be produced by "the wise," who stand in mute
admiration of the wisdom of God, who, having subdued and
relinquished their own will, are ready to exclaim. All Thy
ways are wise, 0 Lord! All Thou doest is for the good of
those that truly love and serve Thee.
It was ever the case that great truths, especially such as
involved the salvation of humanity, had to struggle for recog-
nition among men. This is especially significant when it is
remembered that the most enlightened ages are not excep-
tions. Even Jesus, the Redeemer of our race, to whom was
given all power both in heaven and earth, upon whom was
bestowed the Spirit, even that of intelligence and truth, with-
out measure, who was purity personified, in whom Plis bit-
terest foes found no guile, and who spake as never man spake;
who came to redeem a fallen world, which none but a God
could ransom — even He and the great truths He taught were
cruelly treated and rejected, very few receiving Him and
accepting them.
AUTOBIOGKAPHY. 471
There is a reason for this aversion to saving truths, which
is deep hidden from the world, and cannot be divined by the
philosopher, alone and unaided — it cannot be understood by
man's wisdom. The operations of the Holy Spirit on the
mind, mysterious as they may be to us now, alone can pre-
pare the way for the reception of such truths. Were it pos-
sible for man, by his own wisdom, to fathom the plan
originated in the councils of heaven for his salvation, which
plan is eternal, being the same through which the peoples of
all worlds and planetary systems have effected their redemp-
tion and exaltation — were this possible, he would be inde-
pendent of his Creator, and as a matter of course would assert
his independence, amounting to no more nor less than rebel-
lion— the sure forerunner of destruction and death; all of
which would be incompatible with the divine economy affect-
ing the fall and redemption of man.
Nations, like men, have from the beginning lived and
died; but it is the design of God now to establish "the king-
dom" spoken of by Daniel the Prophet, which is to stand the
test of time and live forever. This He has already commenced
to do; and as marriage lies at the foundation of society, He
revealed to His Prophet, Joseph Smith, the celestial order of
marriage, which secures eternal unions. This law, or order
of marriage, appeals to us, not so much on our own account
because of immediate results, as to the good that will come to
posterity. As the Puritans of England, our Pilgrim Fathers,
were inspired to come to this far-off land, to found a new
nation, so the Lord permitted us to be driven to these moun-
tain vales, to become the founders of a new civilization which
is destined to arise in this land. And our "peculiar institu-
tion," the plural or patriarchal order of marriage, comes to us
from God as the true and sure basis upon which to build
society; as the means by which humanity shall be healed of
the deplorable afflictions that have been transmitted from
generation to generation, in consequence of the sins of the
472 BIOGRAPHY AND
fathers. And by living in accordance with this celestial law,
whose special office is to jealously guard and protect the
issues of life, by heeding the "words of wisdom" which God
has given for the promotion and preservation of health,
together with the natural benefits arising from this healthful
and mountainous land, which He in His wisdom selected for
our occupation, we can, from a philosophic standpoint, augur
the results. As sure as an overruling Hand led the Pioneers
to this land, and as they have been the means of producing
what we now behold, God will bring to pass all that He
designed from the beginning. He will raise up a great and
mighty nation, whose God shall be the Lord. He will make
honorable His name in their noble and manly frames, and
their superior intelligence and knowledge; and He will place
His name upon them, and in time give into their hands the
rule and government of earth. And as Abraham was tried
and proven in the offering up of his son, before he could be
counted worthy to stand at the head of the dispensation he
inaugurated, and before he could hold the keys of the Gos-
pel, called after his name, even the Gospel of Abraham, we,
in order to be worthy of the founders of this new civilfzation,
must endure what appeals to our natural feelings and worldly
pride as sacrifices. But as the results of Abraham's trial of
faith, and as the results of the so-called sacrifices of the first
Elders of the Church have since proved only to be blessings
in disguise, so will be the continuation of their works by us.
And when we shall get ready to go down with gray hairs to
the grave, we will look upon the fruits of our labors and have
joy therein, as you, honored sire, this day behold the fruits of
your obedience and faithfulness; and at last we, with you,
through continued faithfulness, shall be counted worthy to
mingle with the great and the wise, the noble and the pure of
every age, to rejoice together and to perpetuate the works of
our God.
I congratulate you. Father Snow, in having sought and
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 473
obtained the beginning of true riches, even the riches of end-
less lives. How well and truly has it been said, in defining
true wealth, that it consisted in the number of things a man
loved and blessed, and the number of things that love and
bless him. How suggestive! How well it describes the wealth
of the Patriarch, the man chosen and ordained of heaven to
stand at the head of a numerous family! It was the kind of
wealth, because it was the very choicest, that was promised to
Abraham after he had been tried and proven. It is the heri-
tage of all good and great men. It is the principle that
enthrones God Himself, reigning as He does over His own
posterity, as you now preside over yours. And as God our
Father is blessed and glorified in your exaltation — the con-
tinuation of His works by you, so will you, in time, be hon-
ored in the continuation of your works through us. And as
we follow in the straight and narrow path, the path of our
fathers, the Gods — the path of exaltation and glory, so shall
we, according to the golden rule, the higher law, witness our
posterity, or, at least a fair percentage of them, following after
us. And thus honor will be added to honor, and glory to
glory, for endless will be our increase and eternal our pro-
gression in the grand science of life, in all that is noble,
intellectual and Godlike; extended will be our authority and
power, enlarged will be our rule and dominion, even beyond
the capacity of our frail comprehension. And we will join
in the new song of praise, extolling our Redeemer, whose
blood atoned for our sins, and who redeemed us out of every
kindred, tongue, people and nation; and who shall make us
unto our God kings and priests, and we shall reign on the
earth.
Then let honor be conferred on the Patriarchs, with
Father Adam at their head! Let blessings for ever and ever
be on the heads of the men and women of our own day, the
noble spirits who have dared to brook the traditions of the
age — who conquer the prejudices of their own feelings in the
474 BIOGRAPHY AND
interest of the dispensation now being ushered in. Bless
them, say I, for doing this in all patience and fortitude and in
the fear of God, and for teaching their children to do like-
wise. Let them be hailed as the heroes of the age, as the
pioneers of the civilization, and the founders of the com-
monwealth that is destined to arise and flourish in this free
and God-blessed land, and that, in time, is to extend its pro-
tecting a3gis over the whole earth. Let the men and women
who have evinced this moral courage occupy tlie chief place
and position to which the}^ are justly entitled, and let the
bachelor and the confirmed monogamist make way for them!
Let their children and children's children, even down to the
latest generation, rise up and call them blessed!
And, in conclusion, allow me to say, that as sure as the
sun shines and the works of our God are one eternal round,
the day will come when the age now living will do you and
yours justice. But, as with all true reformers, it will be after
you have passed away. You and your co-laborexs will then
be recognized as the friends of man and protectors of women.
You will be acknowledged as living martyrs for unpopular
eternal truths affecting the amelioration and uplifting of
all mankind — Christian and heathen. And you will take
your place with Joseph, our head and front, with Brigham,
and John, and a noble company of brave men and true
women, at the very vanguard of this the greatest of all dis-
pensations, to continue the work of redemption under the
direction of Jesus the Mediator, our presiding head, until all
is finished,
ADDRESS BY ORION W. SNOW.
This day, kind friends, with pleasure liorc we meet,
To see, to hear, as we each other gract;
To talk, to sing, in this our social b.vnd,
With all the pleasui'e? mutual hearts coniniand.
And yet, though happiness will rule t'le hour,
One sober thought persistently will lower —
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 475
That this glad meeting possibly may be
The last on earth of all this family.
But now we're gathered here from o'er the land,
To form this large and cheerful household band;
From many a different work and place we come —
Some from the city, some from country home,
Some from the school room, some from shop and store,
From manj'- places I could mention o'er.
But some are absent; far away, they've gone
To distant climes, and nations not our own;
But to their friends their memory ever dear
Is just the same as though they all were here.
Full many a pit and many a dang'rous snare
Are strewed within our pathway, here and there;
Where'er we go, whatever way we turn,
There is no royal road that we can learn.
But steadily we all must plod along —
Shun all the bad and make the better strong.
I wish the future of us all to be
As good and great as we can hope to see.
If we but had the power to draw aside
The mystic veils that all the future hide,
And bring the noble deeds and lives to view,
The greatly good of friends and kindred too —
How long they fought, liow firmly kept their place,
How fierce the storm, how toilsome was the race —
But it was ran, they won the prize at last.
And all their sorrows were forever past.
The fate of every living soul shall lie
In burning letters wliich they can't deny,
Wrote down by their own deeds, both good and bad,
The last to fear, the first to make us glad.
This is a maxim and a well tried fact.
Think twice — think thrice before you speak or act;
Let all our thoughts be firm and actions true;
What though in number they are but a few?
476 BIOGRAPHY AND
This pleasant time we mutually enjoy,
This social happiness without alloy.
When we return unto our homes once more,
Resume the duties we performed before,
When weeks and months and years have rolled away,
In looking back on this re-union day.
We'll muse and wonder at the mighty changes
That have occurred within our family ranges,
And see the course we one and all pursue.
Which we desire may be both good and true.
ADDRESS BY ALPHONSO H, SXOW.
Father, and Members of the Family:
I regard this family re-union as important in many
respects; not only have we come together for the purpose of
eating and drinking, but that we may receive our patriarchal
blessings, and that our hearts may be the more firmly united
together. The occasion is not dissimilar to that of the Patri-
arch Jacob, when he assembled his family around him, saying,
"Gather yourselves together that I may tell you what shall
befall you in the last days."
There has been considerable said about the young men
of father's family, who have not, as yet, entered into matri-
monial bliss; even at the table we were singled out, placed in
a conspicuous position, and oft referred to as the "bachelors."
Now, it is my candid opinion that the reason why we have
not married before, is in consequence of our native modesty
and bashfulness. [Laughter.] At one time I thought it a
good plan should father intercede in behalf of his sons; but
recalling to mind a circumstance that is reported to have
occurred in the south, i. e., a certain young man, from timidity
procured the assistance of his father to " pop the question " to
his lady-love; when the old gentleman was so favorably
impressed with the excellent qualities of the young lady, he
proposed for himself, was accepted, and carried her off in
triumph. [Laughter.] Especially have I looked upon this
course of procedure with suspicion, since I heard a young
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 477
lady of good judgment declare, emphatically, that she would
rather, to-day, marry Brother Snow (my father), than any of
his sons. [Laughter.]
I recently asked one of my older brothers why he had
not increased his family, when he replied that the Scriptures
say the time will come when seven women shall take hold of
one man, and he thought, at least, that one-fourth of the
blame rested with the fair sex in consequence of leap year,
and considered it would not be amiss should we have seven,
instead of one leap year out of the four. [Laughter.]
I am now looking upon the tenth generation of Snows
since the arrival of our forefathers upon the shores of the
New England States. They have ever held an honorable
place and untarnished name among men; our grandsire was
enlisted under Washington. The Snow family moved to Ohio
in an early date — heard the Everlasting Gospel, embraced the
same, and with the Youngs, Kimballs and Pratts, were worthy
instruments in the hands of Providence in rolling on the
Kingdom of God. While standing here and gazing upon this
numerous posterity of our worthy sire, two pictures present
themselves to my view; on the one side I behold a man who
has fought bitterly against the truth; on the other hand I
see a man whose whole matured life has been spent in
furthering the work of truth. The first, a bereaved man
mourning the loss of his only daughter, and, as was remarked
yesterday, "man's wealth consists in the number of beings and
things he loves, and the number of beings and things that
love him," then this man is poor indeed. And when he dies,
though he may have great pomp and pageantry at his funeral,
still, speaking relative to his family and kindred ties, he
will go down to his grave
"Unknelled, uncoflBned and unknown."
This, the opponent of truth, is Mr. Edmunds.
Look you now upon this picture, and behold a man with
478 BIOGRAPHY AND
hundreds of kindred who love him, wives, sons and daughters
to comfort him in his declining years, and scores of kindred
to mourn his loss when he passes beyond this mortal state.
He is truly rich ! The subject of this picture you now behold,
past his three score years and ten, honored and beloved by all
who know him, and whose snow-white hairs surround his head
as areolas of light.
Then let us, his children, imitate his virtues, and kccept
all that is good and noble in his life; bearing in mind the
uncertain tenure and shortness of our earthly existence, it
behooves us to so shape our conduct as to be worthy a place
with him in eternity, and that we may there participate in a
similar family re-union. Would we could exclaim with the
poet:
"Oh that our lives which flee so fast,
In purity were such,
Tiiat not an image of the past
Should fear the pencil's touch."
Let us, then, give honor to our noble sire, who came forth and
embraced an unpopular doctrine — that which he believed and
knew to be true — honor to him who, for nearly half a century,
has battled against the prejudices of ages, stood in the breach,
and had the manhood to practice what he believed to be true
in theory, and as it always happens to those who step forth
from darkness and advocate new and true principles, viz., that
they seldom, if ever, become popular during life, but whose
names are often handed down to their posterity as a rich
legacy, so will it be with father, whose name will go down to
future generations, and be held in honored remembrance by
all the good and noble of the earth, and whose praises will
be sung in "states unborn and accents yet unknown !"
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 479
ADDRESS BY E. E. SNOW SMITH.
My Brother dear, and Family:
We're told
In holy writ, the Patriarchs of old,
When full of years, moved by parental love
And by a holy unction from above,
Convened their offspring — God-given heritage,
Increased to multitudes thro' lengthened age,
And by the right the Priesthood's powers invest,
Their children and their children's children blessed.
%
Adam, alias Michael, won his place
As prince and founder of the human race.
By the great Ruler of the earth and heaven
The first commandment unto Adam given
Was "multiply." And standing at the head
Of all the generations that shall tread
This nether earth— his duties to fulfil
In prompt obedience to the Father's will.
The new-born earth he labored to adorn.
And unto him were sons and daughters born.
We read that Abel, Adam's son, was slain
By his aspiring, jealous brother. Cain;
And Cain was cursed; and yet he wears his "mark" —
As seen by David Patten, he was dark.
When, pointing to his face of glossy jet,
Cain said, "You see the curse is on me yet."
The first of murderere, now he fills his post,
And reigns as king o'er all the murd'rous host.
And time moved on, and Adam's seed spread forth,
Erecting cities on their Eden earth.
Then human life was long, and not as now.
When man comes forth in haste, and makes his bow
Upon the stage of life, and then is gone,
While death, the porter, drops the curtain down.
Once men built pyramids that now defy
The crumbling elements of earth and sky.
480 BIOGRAPHY AND
The pyramid of Cheops, which now stands
A bold historic problem for all lands,
Has long the wasting power of time defied,
And stands erect in architectural pride.
Good men had time their skill to gratify,
And wicked ones their impudence to ply,
As they on Shinar's plains in wrath essayed
To climb to heaven without Jehovah's aid.
Then centuries defined the age of man
Which now is measured by a narrow span.
The course of time, long ebbing doii^nward low,
The Gospel fiilness soon will cause to flow;
All ebbing tides must to progression bow —
Upward and onward is the watchword now;
Prophetic record tells us, "as a tree,
In time to come, the life of mati shall be."
The eternal fiat had been sealed on high,
Adam a law had broken — he must die.
Long centuries with him had multiplied,
He fain would bless his offspring ere he died
In Adam-Ondi-Ahman, wher§ he dwelt,
Where at a sacred altar oft he knelt.
On which he oft had offered sacrifice,
But knew not why till from beyond the skies
An angel came and gave the reason why
God thus commanded: 'twas to typify
The sacrifice of God's beloved Son,
Which was to be in time's meridian.
Abroad to all the cities on the earth
A royal proclamation issued forth,
Responsive, lo! their numerous ofifepring come
To mother Eve's and father Adam's home.
-., Clothed with the Priesthood's power, the Patriarch stood
And blessed the reverent, waiting multitude,
In Adam-Ondi-Ahman, Eden's mart,
Zion's metropolis and priestly court.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 481
With retrospective pride we're wont to praise
Illustrious characters of former days,
While here, the fact can never be ignored,
The ancient order is to us restored;
For here, a father standing at the head.
Treads the same path as did the ancients tread.
While age is tracing furrows on his cheek,
And silver locks increasing years bespeak,
As Adam, Noah, Abra'm, Jacob, blessed •
Their offspring then, he noiv has been impressed
To call together all his kindred line,
To instruct and bless by right and power divine;
And Time's historic pages yet will know,
As Patriarch, our own Lorenzo Snow.
In coming generations yet unborn
Shall might}' men of God his line adorn;
Pure, noble minded men, who shall possess
The sterling worth that lives mankind to bless,
Who, through obedience and sacrifice,
Will to the glories of the Godhead rise.
And holy women, full of faith and love.
Who'll train their oflfepring for the courts above;
Mothers of men — mothers in Israel, too,
True to themselves — to sacred cov'nants true.
This life's beginning points to where it ends;
The first direction up or downward tends;
Hence, on the mother's impress much depends.
And may his sons and daughters ever 'be
Unrivaled samples of integrity,
Clothed with the power true Gospel faith imparts,
To .heal the sick and cheer desponding hearts —
His sons be numbered with the valiant ones.
Who fought the fight of faith and won their crowns;
His daughters filled with wisdom, truth and grace.
Do saintly honor to their noble race.
All hail to Brother Snow ! Long life and cheer.
With blessings multiplied from year to year.
482 l^tOGtlAPHY ANt)
May his posterity, increasing, be
As numerous as the sands beside the sea,
' 'And as the stars of heaven for multitude. ' '
The well-wrought model of his life shall be
Amotive guide to his posterity;
A monitor to which, if they give heed,
To endless increase, endless lives will lead.
And yet his life, with conscious wrong unspotted.
Is more or less with imperfections dotted.
No morJ|kl man, though staunch in that direction,
But faila to reach the zenith of perfection.
His organizing skill has brought to bear
The strength of union — potent everywhere.
With these* good brethren, working side by side,
Through mighty effort he has changed the tide
Of narrow, individual policy,
For the broad base of conjoint unity —
To make the Saints, in temporal interests, one,
And independent of old Babylon.
You've proved the possibility; the fact
Which you've developed will remain intact.
And yet the Order lives! 'Tis truly so,
Its healthy breathings and pulsations show;
And late transpiring indications tell
The Association's heart is beating well.
It operates, though on a smaller scale
Than ere O. J. H. did its rights assail.
Long-waiting Justice now comes boldly on,
And vetoes what aggressive force had done —
Shows up the assessment in a fitting light,
AflBLrming B. C. Co-op. scrip was right;
Bids * 'Uncle Sam" retrieve the cruel blunder,
By paying back, with interest, all the plunder.
And now, Lorenzo's children, just a few
Of my reflections I address to you.
♦Members of the (;ouncil.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 483
The powers of darkness now are all astir;
"Be wise to-day, 'tis madness to defer."
Choose well your parts — mark where true valor lies,
And set your stakes to win the highest prize;
Honor to whom 'tis due, be prompt to give,
And in return, you honor will receive.
Eein up your courage, boldly stem the tide
Of worldly folly and of worldly pride.
Let love and union, your fraternal pledge.
Bolt every passage from the severing wedge.
Pursue no object when it downward leans —
Trust no result to sanctify the means.
Beware of jealousy., the green-eyed elf.
That makes the food on which it feeds itself;
And scorn hypocrisy, the infernal bane,
That prays like Abel and performs like Cain.
On earth exist two counterpoising firms,
And each proposes its peculiar terms.
Two, only lino exist. 0, then, be wise —
Know for yourselves in which your interest lies;
One, only one, will stand the trying test,
In this your all you safely may invest.
Who seeks for happiness in worldly gain
May be successflil, yet succeed in vain.
And prove the adage sadly true, in which
"Our very wishes give us not our wish."
Search o'er the world; you'll find the happiest hearts
Are those who most of happiness impart.
The key to happiness is well expressed
In these few words, "In blessing be thou blest."
Review your father's life since first he took
Upon himself the Great Redeemer's yoke.
From duty's post and God's eternal la^v,
No threat can drive him, and no bribe can draw;
Whether at home on missions, or abroad,
'Tis all the same with him— the work of God.
His wise example unto you will be
A rich behest— 'A RoyAL LFOAoy.
484 BIOGRAPHY AND
LORENZO snow's CLOSING ADDRESS TO HIS FAMILY.
In the various meetings of the family, and in the capa-
city of Patriarch, while engaged in conferring blessings upon
its members, much fatherly counsel, instruction and admoni-
tion were given by Brother Lorenzo to his wives, sons and
daughters.
After explaining the object of the re-union, and express-
ing his pleasure and gratitude to God that he now enjoyed the
happiness of beholding the pleasant and smiling faces of his
large family, and the good he anticipated would result from
this re-union, he said:
About forty years ago I was an unmarried man, and to
this day would have remained so, had I not received an
understanding of the law of celestial marriage — its object and
necessity in securing eternal glory and exaltation. My heart
and soul — all my energies and ambition were enlisted in the
service of God, and I thought ! could not better please or
serve Him than by employing my entire time, unburdened
by family cares, in the great field of missionary labor.
Joseph the Prophet, in a private interview at Nauvoo, on the
banks of the Mississippi, gave me a full explanation of the
principles of celestial marriage, and pointed out to me
clearly my duty and privileges in reference to that law. This
numerous, intelligent and honorable family assemblage is the
result of my conformity to the knowledge, advice and counsel
received in that important interview.
Peculiar feelings and reflections are naturally aroused in
contemplating the past and the singular circumstances in the
providence of God, which have brought about this wonderful
change in my present condition and prospects. Forty years
ago, a lone bachelor of some thirty years, under the influence
of erroneous views on the subject and necessity of marriage,
its eternal blessings and crowning glory; no loving wife to
say, "Dear husband ;" no child to lisp the endearing words,
"My papa;" and now surrounded by and in the midst of
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 485
wives, a host of children and grandchildren. What a grand
and glorious transition! My heart is filled to overflowing
with warmest feelings of gratitude to my Heavenly Father
for these marvelous blessings. And let me say, my dear chil-
dren, that your father's obedience to this sacred law of celes-
tial marriage, at that day, was attended with embarrassments
and dangers of no ordinary magnitude. We were surrounded
by our- enemies, and in our midst were many half-hearted,
ignorant Saints, and some of the most wicked apostates, seek-
ing to betray us into the hands of our bitter foes. When I
look upon this extensive family — intelligent and gifted sons
and daughters, half a score or more of the former having
been called, sent forth and performed many years of arduous
missionary labor among far-off nations, and upon distant
islands; and also behold many of my daughters honored
wives and mothers in Israel, surrounded by healthy and
happy children, and feel that all this is through the mercy
and kindness of God, and the work of the Great Jehovah —
what shall I say? Language is powerless to express the deep
feelings of my heart for this holy and sacred opportunity on
this the celebration of my seventieth birthday, of standing
here and beholding this glorious and heavenly inspiring
spectacle.
But it was not Lorenzo, it was not his wisdom that
wrought this marvelous change, but the Lord our God. You,
my children, should keep in lively remembrance that you are
the fruits of my obedience to the law of plural marriage —
that it is your duty to honor and magnify this law as you
may have opportunity. I trust your mothers will employ no
influence on the minds of their children to cause feelings to
grow up in their hearts against these principles.
Allow me here to express my gratification in the consid-
eration that most of you, my dear family, observe the Word
of Wisdom, and no one is in the habit of using wine or strong
drink, nor guilty of the filthy practice of using tobacco, and
486 BIOGRAPHY AND
that you are accredited with the reputation of living moral,
upright and honorable lives; and I trust it may always be
truthfully said that you sustain this reputation. Remember,
children, to honor and obey your parents, that you may be
entitled to the promise, "That your days may be long in the
land." Treat your father's wives kindly and respectfully.
God has called them to be associated with him through time
and eternity, to assist in his duties and responsibilities and
share his glory and dominion.
This is the last family re-union we have reason to expect
this side of the spirit world. May the God of our fathers help
us to keep His laws, live honorable lives, preserve inviolate
our virtue and integrity, listen to the whisperings of the Holy
Spirit, and seek diligently to purify ourselves, that not a
single member of this family be lost by deviating from the
straight and narrow path, but may we all prove ourselves
worthy to come forth in the morning of the first resurrection,
crowned with glory, perpetuating in immortality the family
union, and continue to increase down through the endless
ages of eternity.
You may expect, if your lives are spared to the common
age of man and womanhood, to encounter obstacles in the
path of life, which will task to the uttermost your best reso-
lutions, and some of you may be tempted to swerve from the
path of truth and honor, and, like Esau, feel to relinquish the
glories of eternity for a few passing moments of gratification
and pleasure; then, my dear children, seize your opportunity
to emulate the example of our Savior when offered the glory
of this world, if he would stoop to an act of folly; he
replied to his tempter, ''Get beJiind me, Satan!''' Try, keep
trying daily and hourly in all your avocations, in all your
walks of life, in all your associations, to be perfect, even as
our Father in heaven is perfect. Be upright, just and mer-
ciful, exercising a spirit of nobility and godliness in all your
intentions and resolutions — in all your acts and dealings
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 487
Cultivate a spirit of charity, be ready to do for others more
than you would expect from them if circumstances were
reversed. Be ambitious to be great, not in the estimation of
the worldly minded, but in the eyes of God, and to be great
in this sense, ''Love the Lord our God with all your might,
mind and strength, and your neighbor as yourself." You must
love mankind because they are your brethren, the offspring of
God, Pray diligently for this spirit of philanthrophy, this
expansion of thought and feeling, and for power and ability
to labor earnestly in the interest of Messiah's kingdom.
We came into the world for a great purpose, the same as
Jesus, our elder brother, to do the will and works of our
Father; in this there is peace, joy and happiness, an increase
of wisdom, knowledge and the power of God; outside of this
are no promised blessings. Thus let us devote ourselves to
righteousness, help each and all to be better and happier; do
good to all and evil to none; honor God and obey His Priest-
hood; cultivate and preserve an enlightened conscience and
follow the Holy Spirit; faint not, hold fast to what is good,
endure to the end, and your cup of joy shall be full even to
overflowing, for great shall be your reward for your trials and
your sufferings under temptations, your fiery ordeals, your
heart yearnings and tears; yea, our God will give you a crown
of unfading glory, and make you kings and queens in the
midst of your posterity, to rule in righteousness through the
countless ages of eternities.
488 BIOGRAPHY AND
CHAPTER LXIII.
GENEALOGIES.
Births and deaths of our parents. — Their ciiildren. — Genealogies of
Lorenzo's wives, children, grandchildren, sons-in-law and daughters-
in-law. — Mary Adaline's children by her first husband.
Births and Deaths of our Parents.
Oliver Snow, born 18 Sept., 1775, in Becket, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts.
died 17 Oct., 1845, in Wahiut Grove, Knox Co., Illinois.
Eosetta Leonora Pettibone Snow, b. 22 Oct., 1778, in Simsbury, Hartford
Co., Connecticut,
d. 12 Oct., 1846, in Walnut Grove, Knox
Co., Illinois.
Their Children.
Leonora Abigail, b. 23 Aug., 1801, in Becket, Berkshire Co., Mass. •
d. 11 Feb., 1872, in Brigham City, Box Elder Co., Utah.
Eliza Roxcy, b. 21 Jan., 1804, in Becket, Berkshire Co., Mass.
Percy Amanda, b, 20 April, 1808, in Mantua, Portage Co., Ohio.
d. 27 August, 1848, in Henry Co., Illinois.
Melissa, b. 24 July, 1810, in Mantua, Portage Co., Ohio.
d. 16 Dec, 1835,
Lorenzo, b. 3 April, 1814, "
Lucius Augustus, b, 31 Aug. , 1819, " "
Samuel Pearce, b. 22 Aug., 1821,
Genealogical Eecord of Lorenzo Snow's Family.
LORENZO SNOW
married CHARLOTTE, daughter of Charles Merrill and Charlotte Smith
Squires,
b. 19 Nov., 1825, in Bainbridge, Geauga Co., Ohio,
d. 25 Sept.. 1850, in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Their children. Leonora Charlotte, b. 23 Jan., 1847, in Mt. Pisgah, Iowa.
d. June, 1847, in Mt. Pisgah, Iowa.
Roxcy Armatha, b. 14 Dec, 1849, in Salt Lake City.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
489
RoxcY Armatha Snow
m. Elijah Arnold, son of William and Olivia A. Box, who were born in
England, g^^
b. 4 Jan., 1844. PflnCmff; Lihrfflv
Their chil. Charlotte Olivia, b. 22 Aug., 1867, in Brigham City, Box Elder *
Co., Utah.
Roxcy Estella, b. 4 Jan., 1870,
Ada Trieste, b. 7 Feb., 1875,
Dora Viola, b. 29 Oct., 1878,
d. Sept., 1870,
Ella Armeda, b. 31 Oct., 1880,
Eliza R. Snow, b. 21 Jan., 1884,
LORENZO SNOW
m. MARY AD ALINE, dr. of Dan and Percy Amanda Pettibone God-
dard,
b. 8 March, 1812, in Hartford, Connecticut.
Their chil. Rosetta Adaline, b. 7 Nov., 1846, in Mount Pisgah, Iowa.
Oliver Goddard, b. 20 Feb., 1849, in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Isadore Percy, b. 24 Feb., 1855,
RosETTA Adaline Snow
m. Chester Loveland, b. 30 Dec, 1817, in Ashtabulah Co., Ohio.
Their chil. Lorenzo Chester, b. 9 Jan., 1868, in Brigham Oity, Box Elder
Co., Utah,
d. 14 July, 1874,
Mary Adaline, b. 19 Dec, 1869,
Rosetta Abigail, b. 7 Aug., 1875,
d. 12 Nov. 1875,
Myrtie Adell, b. 17 April, 1878,
d. iSept., 1878,
Oliver George Morris, b. 2 Oct, 1882,
Oliver Goddard Snow
m. Mary B., dr. of Eli Harvey and Susannah Neflt Peirce,
b. 21 Sept., 1&53, in Salt Lake City, Utah,
Their chil. Mary Orilla, b. 8 Dec, 1874, in Brigham City, Box Elder Co.,
Utah.
Oliver Goddard, b. 9 June, 1876,
d. 10 Feb., 1879,
Eugene Peirce, b. 27 Feb., 1878,
Eliza Roxcy, b. i Nov., 1879,
Lionel Vivian, b. 19 Oct., 1881,
Clyde Virginiu8,b. 27 May, 1883,
490 BIOGRAPHY AND
IsADOKE Percy Snow
m. Homer S. Woodworth.
Their chil. Lottie Lncien, b. 13 Sept., 1875, in Nebraska.
d. 26 Oct., 1876, in Brigham City, Utah.
Mary Adaline, b. 8 Feb., 1878,
LORENZO SNOW
m. SAEAH ANN, dr. of John and Polly Tillotson Prichard, both inMivss.
b. 29 Nov., 1826, in Nelson, Portage Co., Ohio.
Their chil. Eliza Sarah, b. 30 Nov., 1847, in Mount Pisgah, Iowa.
Sylvia, b. 16 Jan., 1850, in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Lorenzo, Jr., b. 7 July, 1853, "
Parintha, b. 5 Oct., 1855,
Laurin Alvirus, b. 2 Dec, 1863, Brigham City, Utah.
Eliza Sarah Snow
m. George, s. of John and Mary Blair Dunford,
b. 18 Dec, 1822, in Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England,
Their chil. Georgie, b. 20 March, 1871, in Salt Lake City.
d. 30 Oct., 1872,
Venice, b. 7 Jan., 1873,
Sarah Estella, b. 31 July, 1875,
George William, b. 1 Jan., 1878,
d.
Lorenzo Snow, b. 8 Dec, 1870,
Rupert Algernon F. Isaac, b. 10 Sept., 1882, in Salt Lake City.
.Sylvia Snow
m. Chauncey, s. of Chauncey Walker and Mary Hoagland West,
b. 3 Aug., 1849, in Salt Lake City.
Their chil. Sarah Claudine, b. 7 March, 1869, in St. George, Washington
Co., Utah.
Mary Frouie, b. 25 July, 1872, in Brigham City, Utah.
Chauncey, Jr., b. 13 Sept., 1875,
Sylvia, b. 21 April, 1880, "
I4>RENZ0 Snow, Jk.,
m. Huldah, dr. of J. P. and Sarah Jensen, ^
b. 4 March, 1860, in Brigham City, Utah. v
Tlieir chil. Lorenzo, 3d, b. 16 Oct., 1881,
LORENZO SNOW
m. HARRIET AMELIA, dr. of Aaron and Elizabeth P. Squires,
b. 13 Sept., 1819, in Aurora, Geauga Co., Ohio.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 491
Their cbil. Abigail Harriet, b. 16 July, 1849, in Moi^it Pisgah, Iowa. '
Lucius Aaron, Ij. 10 Dec, 1851, in Salt Lake City,
r Alnnzo Henry, b. 15 Feb., 1854,
I j d. 1 Nov., 1854,
H I Amelia Henrietta, b. 15 Feb., 1854, "
I ■ d. 30 Oct., 1854,
Celestia Armeda, b. 2 Dec, 1856, "
Abigail Harriet Snow
m. Thomas Caldwell, b. 8 Feb., 1842, in Glasgow, Scotland,
Their chil. | j Thomas Sylvanus, b. 5 Feb., 1866, in Brigham City, Utah,
I i Lorenzo Sylvester, b. 5 Feb., 1866,
Abigail H. Snow Caldwell
m. Morris D.wid Rosexbaum, b. 11 July, 1831, in Fordam, Prussia.
Their chil. Harriet, b. 2 March, 1869, in Brigham City, Utah,
d. 2 Aug., 1871,
Moses, b. 19 Aug., 1871, "
d. 22 July, 1874, ' "
Nettie May, b. 13 Oct., 1873,
Alice Maud, b. 4 May, 1876,
Morris, b. 3 March, 1878, "
MinnieMabel,b. 19 March, 1880,
Lucius, b. 23 June, 1882,
Lucius Aaron Snow
m. Elizabeth Wilson, b. 1 Sept., 1856, in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Their chil. Lucius Wilson, b. 22 Sept., 1876, in Brigham City, Utah,
d. 20 Jan., 1879,
Luella, b. 23 June, 1878,
Frutilla, b. 12 July, 1880,
Lauredo, b. 13 Sept., 1882,
d. 18 Aug., 1883,
Celestia xVrmeda Snow
m. Brigham Morris, son of President Brigham and Margaret Peirce
Whitesides Young,
b. 18 Jan., 1854, in Salt Lake City.
Their chil. Alice Armeda, b. 13 Feb., 1876,
Brigham Morris, b. 28 Feb., 1878, Brigham City, Utah.
Franklin Snow, b. 13 Feb., 1881,
d. 14 Feb. 1881,
Lucius, b. 10 April, 1882,
d. 5 March, 1883.
492 BIOGRAPHY AND
LORENZO SNOW
m. ELEANOR, dr. of Christian and Susan Pauling Houtz,
b. 14 Aug., 1831, in Pennsylvania.
Their chil. Amanda Eleanor, b. 19 April, 1850, in Salt Lake City.
d. 21 Oct., 1850,
Ida, b. 2 Jan., 1854, "
Eugenia, b. 5 July, 185(5, in Brigham City.
Alphonso Houtz, b. 13 Oct., 1858, in Salt Lake City.
Susan Imogene, b. 4 May, 1861, in Brigham City.
d. 16 Oct., 1864,
RoxcyLana, b. 22 Oct., 1863,
Hortensia, b. 17 July, 1867,, "
Chauncey Edgar, b. 8 July, 1870,
Ida Snow
m. George Francis, son of George D. and Ellen P. Gibbs,
b. 23 Nov., 1846, in Haverford, Pembroke
Co., South Wales.
Their chil. Georgie Winnetta, b. 14 Aug., 1877, in
d. 30 April, 1878, in Brigham City.
George Snow, b. 14 March, 1879,
Eleanor Snow, b. 4 May, 1881, in Salt Lake City.
d. 28 July, 1881,
Ralston, ' b. 7 June, 1883, "
Eugenia Sxow
m. Leonidas Thomas, son of Eli Harvey and Susannah NefF Peirce,
b.
Their chil, Leonidas Eustace Baudine, b. 11 Oct., 1877, in Brigham City.
d. 8 May, 1879, '
Eugene Laran, b. 29 Oct., 1879,
Eugenia, b, 28 April, 1882,
LORENZO SNOW
m. CAROLINE HORTON, b. 25 Dec, 1828, in England,
d. Feb., 1857, in Brigham City.
Their chil. Clarissa Caroline, b. 19 July, 1854, in Salt Lak:' City.
i I Franklin, b. 3 Feb., 1857, in Brigham City.
I 1 Sarah Augusta, b. 3 Feb.. 1857,
d. 17 Feb., 1857,
Clarissa Caroline
m. John Archibald, son of Charles A. and Mary Haig McAllister,
b. 22 Aug., 1851, in Xewcastle-on-Tyne, North-
umberland, England.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 493
Their chil. John. Archibald, Jr., b. 10 April, 1872, Brigham City, Box
Elder Co., Utah..
Lorenzo Charles, b. 3 March, 1874, in Logan, Cache
Co., Utah.
Roy Snow, b. 5 Sept., 1876,
William Lucius, b. 19 Sept., 1878, "
Mary Jean, b. 15 Nov., 1880, "
Frank Snow, b. 21 March, 1883,
LORENZO SNOW
m. MARY ELIZABETH, dr. of Jacob and Lydia M. Houtz,
b. 19 May, 1840, in Penn's Town, Union Co.
Pa.
Their chil. Lydia May, b. 21 Jan., 1860, in Salt Lake City.
Jacob E. Fitzroy, b. 31 Oct., 1862, ' "
d. 2 Dec, 1862,
Virginia M. Marian, b. 30 Jan., 1864,
Mansfield Lorenzo, b. 8 Sept., 1866, "
Mortimer Joseph, b. 19 Nov., 1868, in Brigham City.
Flora Bell Birdie, b. 19 July, 187 J,
Lydia May Snow
m. Eli Harvey, s. of Eli Harvey and Susannah Neff Peirce,
b. 27 Dec, 1852, in Brigham City.
Their chil. Pearl Snow, b. 17 July, 1883,
LORENZO SNOW
m. PHEBE AMELIA, dr. of President Wilford and Phebe Carter Wood-
ruff,
b. 4 March, 1842, in Nauvoo, Hancock
Co., 111.
Their chil. Mary Amanda, b. 4 Sept., 1860, in Salt Lake City,
d. 6 Sept., 1860,
Leslie Woodruff, b 6 Feb., 1862,
Orion, b. 6 Sept., 1866, "
Milton, b. 7 Feb., 1869, in Brigham City.
Phebe Augusta Florence,b. 7 Aug., 1870, "
LORENZO SNOW
m. MINNIE, dr. of J. P. and Sarah Clawson Jensen, of Denmark and
Germany,
b. 10 Oct., 1855, in Brigham City, Utah.
494 BIOGRAPHY AND
Their chil. Clarence Leroi, b. 26 Aug., 1876, Brigham City, Utah.
Minnie Mabel, b. 23 May, 1879,
Cora Jeane, b. 16 Feb., 1883,
d. 11 Aug., 1883,
Children by First Husband.
Mary Adaline, dr. of Dan and Percy Amanda Pettibone Goddard,
m. George Washington Hendrickson, 6 March, 1834.
b. 8 March, 1812.
Their chil. Hiram Ackley, b. 15 Dec, 1834, in Akron, Summit Co., Ohio.
Orville Daniel, b. 4 Nov., 1836, in McDonough Co., Ohio.
Jacob Wayne, b. 15 Dec, 1839, in Coles Co., Ohio.
*
Hyrum Ackley Hendrickson
m. Elizabeth, dr. of Christian and Catherine Clapper,
b. 4 Sept., 1837, in Ray Co., Mo.
Their chil. Elizabeth Adaline, b. 30 May, 1857, in Brigham City, Utah.
Hyrum Marcellus, b. 23 Aug., 1859, "
Horace Byron, b. 12 Sept., 1861,
d. 2 Sept., 1878,
Catherine Rosetta, b. 10 Jan., 1869, "
Elizabeth Adaline Hendrickson
m. MaNUS J0HNi>0N,
Their chil. Vivian Oretta, b. 21 Dec, 1876, in Parowan, Iron Co.
Lawrence M. Ackley, b. 12 Dec, 1878, "
Irving Percy, b. 10 June, 1881, "
Orville Daniel Hendrickson
'm. Emma Smith Bolton, b. 1 Jan., 1812, in New York.
Their chil. Orville Bolton, h. 7 May, 1862, in Mill Creek Ward, S. L. Co.
Mary Emma, b. 10 Jan., 1864, in Brigham City.
George Edwin, b. 22 June, 1866,
Albert Edgar, b. 3 May, 1868,
Charlotte, b. 23 July, 1870, in Mill Creek Wai-d, S. L. Co.
d. 23 July, 1870, aged ten hours.
Charles Lewis, b. 27 Oct., 1871, in Mill Creek Ward, S. L. Co.
Vivian, b. 12 May, 1874,
Genevia, b. 8 Sept., 1876, " '
Imogene, b. 23 Nov., 1878,
Leonidas, b. 22 Aug., 1880,
Lilian, b. 3 Jan., 1884.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 495
Jacob Wayne Hendrickson
m. Abby Bkandon.
Their chil. Jacob Wayne, b. 7 Aug., 1868, in Brigham City.
d. 13 March, 1869,
Isola Isadore, b. 12 March, 1870,
d.
Jacob Wayne Hendrickson
m. Sarah Josephine Eitter, I). 30 Dec, 1849, in Salt Lake City.
Thoir chil. Mary Adaline, b. 23 .July, 1878.
SUPPLEMENT
TO
Biography and Autobiography.
N the 26th of October, 1872, my brother Lorenzo left
home on a tour to Palestine. A short sime previous
to this, President Brigham Young suggested to his
first counselor, President G. A. Smith, to select a company for
that purpose, and to go to Jerusalem; the object of which the
following epistle brietiy explains:
Salt Lake City, Utah Territory,
15th October, 1872.
President George A. ISmith:
Dear Sir. — As you are about to start on an extensive tour
through Europe and Asia Minor, where you will doubtless be
brought in contact with men of position and inliuence in
society, we desire that you observe closely what openings now
exist, or where they may be effected, for the introduction of
the Gospel into the various countries you shall visit.
When you get to the land of Palestine, we wish you to
dedicate and consecrate that land to the Lord, that it may be
blessed with fruitfulness, preparatory to the return of the Jews,
in fulfilment of prophecy and the accomplishment of the pur-
poses of our heavenly Father.
We pray that you may be preserved to travel in peace
SUPPLEMEKT. 497
and safety, that you may be abundantly blessed with words of
wisdom and free utterance in all your conversations pertain-
ing to the holy Gospel, dispelling prejudice and sowing seeds
of righteougness among the people.
(Signed) Brigham Young,
Daniel H. Wells.
When on this interesting tour Lorenzo wrote a series of
descriptive letters which were forwarded from time to time
and i^ublished in the Deseret News, in Salt Lake City. After
our return, w^e compiled his letters, with those of other mem-
bers of the party, and had them published in a neat volume
of nearly four hundred pages, entitled " Corkespondence of
Palestine Tourists."
We think his biography and autobiography would be
incomplete were this mission of my brother entirely ignored ;
but to avoid breaking the thread of our preceding narrative
by inserting this correspondence in chronological order, we
have decided on the alternative of a supplement ; and, having
already enlarged this volume beyond our original design, we
shall omit a porti6n of his communications.
When on our return from Palestine we reached Vienna in
time to witness the grand opening of the "world's fair" of
1873. Before leaving that city, my brother was informed,
through the press, of his appointment at the general coiir
ference as one of seven counselors to President Brigham
Young, which position he h(ild until the death of the Presi-
dent.
498 SUPPLEMENT.
LETTER T.
National Monument. — Its construction. — One hundred and eighty marble
statues. — Lofty spire set with thousands of gems. — Embossed globe. —
Statue of Prince Albert. — Tower of London. — Queen Elizabeth's Armory.
— Torture rooms. — Ann Boleyn. — Earl of Essex. — Lady Jane Grey.
—Executioner's axe. — Instruments of torture.
LoxDQK, England, November 28th, 1872.
Editor Deseret News:
Through the blessings of a kind Providence, we have safely crossed the
Atlantic, and are now in London. We have visited tlie Prince Consort
National Monument. It is situated in Kensington Gai-dens, in the central
part of the metropolis. It is designed to perpetuate the name of Prince
Albert, also to show the high estimation in which he was held by the British
nation, Iike\vise, to represent allegorically, by sculpture and Mosaic pictures,
the arts and sciences which he fostered, and to point to some of his import-
ant undertakings, the great National Exhibition being the foremost.
For grandeur of design and excellency and beauty of workmanship, I
believe it excels every other structure of a commemorative cliai'acter in any
part of the world. In approaching it, I was struck \tith astonishment by
its beauty and magnificence. A vast column, covered from base to
pinnacle with beautiful sculptures, rich carvings, embossed and Mosaic
work of the most elegant description, beautiful foliage of beaten metal,
fine enameling, the whole being set out in artistical order with twelve
thousand gems sparkling like stars in the firmament.
This monument, including the foundation, rises one hundred and
eighty feet above the surrounding ground, terminating in a large ball,
embossed, supporting a magnificent cross. It commences with a mass of
concrete sixty feet square, seventeen feet thick, overlaid with two couraes of
thick stone; upon this is erected a substructure of massive brick work, upon
which the great column is based. The base of this column, or "podium,"
as it is termed, is about twelve feet high, surrounded by one hundred and
eighty marble statues about six feet in height, representing men of all ages,
dietinguished in the arts and sciences. This podium, built of massive
blocks of granite, forms the foundation for the "shrine" or tabernacle, a
vaat canopy about fifty feet high, richly ornamented, beneath which, upon
a lofty pedestal, will be placed the colossal statue of the prince. This taber-
SUPPLEMENT. 499
nacle is supported by four clusters of pillars of finely polished granite of
various colors. Several of these pillars are two feet in diameter, held
together, in part, by an ornamental band of bronze, set with polished "gem-
like stones;" and in part are cemented by a dove-tail groove to the central
core, around which they cluster. The tabernacle is terminated by four
gables, ornamented with Mosaic pictures and decorated with carvings and
enamel work and polished gem-like stones, some of them nearly four inches
in diameter. Upon this tabernacle is reared a lofty spire of cast iron work,
ornamented in the most magnificent style and set with thousands of gems.
Out from this tabernacle, near its angles, arise four small structures built in
imitation, in many respects, of the principal one, being enriched and
highly ornamented from base to pinnacle. This column, or spire, the same
as the tabernacle which forms its base, is surrounded with statues at succes-
sive heights, standing in its ornamented niches, and at their angles.
Four of these figures, standing in niches above the base of the spire,
are eight and a half feet high, the four at the angles are seven and a half in
height; far above them the spire is flanked by statues, six and a half feet
high, representing angels; and still higher, other figures six feet in height,
with a like representation. These sixteen statues are all of copper.
This lofty spire is crowned with a magnificent globe, beautifully
embossed, supporting a great cross highly ornamented.
A vast pyramid of granite steps surrounds this monument. The total
length of these steps is equal to two miles and a half, and the number of
steps is eighteen hundred and three. Several of the blocks of granite in
the base of the column and in the pillars weigh fifteen tons each; the
working of each of these stones occupied twelve men sixteen weeks. The
iron girders which bear the spire weigh twenty-three tons, and the weight
resting upon them is two hundred and ten tons. The spire is made of iron,
built up in stages, and bolted together; the girdei-s are of wrought iron. The
gems and inlays are formed of vitreous enamel, spar, agates and onyxes,
more than twelve thousand in number; two hundred of th^se are real
onyxes, many of them nearly four inches in diameter.
The general features of the design are thus delineated: The prince is
to be represented by a colossal statue seated upon a lofty pedestal beneath
this magnificent canopy; around and above him are gathered in series and
in groups the most beautiful works of man, illustrating the arts and sciences
which he promoted, and the subjects to which he devoted his attention.
Upon four large pedestals, composed of blocks of granite, at the outer angle
of the steps, the four quarters of the globe are represented by groups of
marble statues. Upon the pedestal forming the angles of the podium, or
base of the tabernacle, are groups of marble statues, illustrative of agricul-
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tare, manufactures, commerce and engineering. Again, still above, on
pedestals of polished granite, are statues in bronze, representing astronomy,
chemistry, geology and geometry. Above these is another set or order of
bronze statues representing rhetoric, medicine, philosophy and physiology.
The four sides of the podium contain one hundred and eighty marble
statues, representing eminent artists in printing, sculpture, architecture,
music and poetry. From the base to the roof of this tabernacle, the whole
range of arts and sciences is illustrated. The column above is devoted to
illustrating virtue and religion. The four statues in the niches of the spire
point to the Christian virtues — Faith, Hope, Charity and Humility.
The four figures at the angles represent the moral virtues — Fortitude,
Prudence, Justice and Temperance. The four angels above them are in
attitudes signifying resignation of worldly honors, while those above, sur-
rounding the base of the cross, are in attitudes as if desiring celestial
happiness.
Here I will close my sketch of this curious and wonderful specimen of
intellectual and physical effort, so happily and beautifully displayed in this
magnificent monumental structure.
Yesterday we visited the houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey,
Westminster Bridge — thence, per underground railway, to Charing Cross
and Trafalgar Square.
If one wishes to indulge in melancholy or the sympathetic, he should
visit the "Tower of London," and devote an hour or two in examining its
mouldering records and crumbling inscriptions, pointing to heart-rending
scenes enacted in past ages within its dark and gloomy walls. In company
with others of our tourists, I visited this place, although not for the purpose
above mentioned.
It is a sombre mass, consisting principally of antique walls, gates,
portcullis, bastions, moat and twelve towers. None of the excellency,
beauty, splendor and grandeur is exhibited in these strucitures as is seen in
Prince Albert's monument. Simplicity and solidity are characteristics of
its architecture; I was impressed with no other, with the exception of oppres-
sive gloominess.
About thirteen acres are enclosed by the moat surrounding the Tower,
and a double line of walls and bulwarks encircles inside the moat, with a
street running between, except on the south.
The White Tower, or citadel, the most important edifice, occupies the
central part of these premises. It is one hundred and sixteen feet by
ninety-six, and ninety-two in height, with walls fifteen feet in thickness. It
was built in the latter part of the eleventh century, nearly eight hundred
years ago, and is a specimen of Norman architecture. It is divided from
SUPPLEMENT. 501
base to sammit into various compartments by walls seven feet in thickness.
The smallest apartment is now occupied by' what is termed Queen
Elizabeth's Armory. On one side of this room, formed in the wall, is a cell
eight feet high by ten, without light except at its entrance — formerly the
prison of Sir Walter Raleigh, Ralstone, Fane and Culpepper. Above this
apartment is St. John's Chapel, another specimen of Norman architecture.
A chaplain was formally engaged to perform service here for about twelve
dollars per annum. The most spacious room on the upper floor, in former
ages, was used by the kings as a council room, where their courts were held.
It is said to have been here that, when the council was assembled, the Duke
of Gloucester demanded Lord Hastings' immediate execution. This
chamber and the banqueting room are used at the present time as deposi-
tories for small arms. Great artistic skill is displayed in the arrangement of
some of these arms and their implements, in form of floors, aquatic plants
appearing in streams of water, luminous stars, and the sun rising in
splendor.
We were conducted to the Horse Armory, which is nearly one hundred
and fifty feet in length by thirty-four in breadth, filled with objects of
curiosity and historical interest. There were equestrian figures, others on
loot, dressed in armor of different periods embracing over two and a half
centuries. It is curious to trace the development of the idea relating to
armor and weapons, as exhibited in the multitude of those specimens. The
conception in its perfect development, in regard to armor, was strikingly
illustrated by a full suit on a life-sized e&gy of Henry VIII, mounted on a
horse. The suit of armor was made of plated metal, artistically arranged
in sections overlapping one another, and turning upon pivots, so as to afford
the body, head, neck and limbs free motion, without exposing any portion.
It is ponderous, weighing, as nearly as I recollect, about one hundred and
twenty pounds. This armor is elaborately worked — inlaid with gold and
very beautiful. We were shown a rough suit he wore at the age of eighteen,
which weighed ninety-two pounds.
The first specimens of armor manifested the idea as rather confused:
leather cut in pieces in the form of fish scales and sewed on cloth or deer
skins. The next stage of development appears in a specimen made of
small rings of steel sewed on to the same material. Again, in the begin-
ning of the thirteenth century, a higher point of development was reached
— armor was constructed of vast quantities of small rings intersecting one
with another, so as to form a connected garment. After this, another
improvement was introduced — mixed chain and plate being worn on the
arms and legs. And thus invention progressed to its full development as
represented at the period of Henry VIII.
502 SUPPLEMENT.
We saw various specimens of weapons invented at different periods,
commencing with the cross-bow, the spear and battle axe, exhibiting step
by step successive improvements represented in the matchlock, improved
matchlock, flintlock, improved flintlock, percussionlock, improved percus-
sion, double-barreled gun, improved double-barrel, revolving cylinder,
cylinder improved, until we have reached the most perfect weapon now
known.
The twelve towers of this fortress were erected, principally, in the early
part of the thirteenth century; some of them, however, were built about
the close of the eleventh. The strange scenes enacted in past ages, beneath
these frowning battlements, form adai-k and bloody page in English history.
Observing the multitude of objects bearing distinct marks of those terrible
events, my mind was almost overpowered with sad and gloomy reflections.
In these dark and loathsome dungeons, kings and queens, after having been
divested of their crowns and robes of royalty, were forced to make their
ignominious abode.
These walls bear traces of having echoed the sighs and groans of
illustrious men while gasping for life beneath the bloody instruments of
horrid torture, also of princes and nobles having been thrust into these
dungeons and ended their lives b)' means shrouded in mj'stery! Tradition
speaks of secret passages, of torture rooms and hidden recesses within and
underneath these walls where I stood. Many eminent pereonages left
inscriptions upon their prison walls, which yet remain — sad mementoes of
themselves and their sufferings. Queen Ann, having enjoyed a few years
of pomp and splendor, basking in the smiles of Henry VIII, was forced to
exchange queenly habiliments for the prison costume, in which she passed
from this loathsome captivity to the executioner's block. Queen Eliza-
beth's favorite, the Earl of Essex, the pride of the English court,
was immured within one of these towers previous to being beheaded
upon the scaffold. The beautiful, amiable and accomplished Lady Jane
Grey was incarcerated here. "Jane," engraved by Lord Dudley, her unfor-
tunate husband, on the stone walls of his prison, which I saw, reminded
me forcibly of the melancholy circumstance. Two princes, sons of Edward
IV, while suffering captivity in what is termed "the bloody tower," were
secretly murdered, and afterwards their bodies found mouldering beneath
its walls.
We were shown the executioner's axe, the heading block, thumb-
screws, iron collars and other horrid instruments for human torture. We
were conducted to a small enclosure, surrounded with iron palings, where
many illustrious men and women of distinction and royalty had been
privately executed. Lorenzo Snow.
SUPPLEMENT. 503
LETTER II.
At Haarlem.— Two thousand people executed.— Wonderful organ.— A Dutch
- wedding.— Amsterdam.— A city on piles.— Formidable army of worms.—
One hundred islands and two hundred and eighty bridges.— Palace on
piles.— Diamond cutting. — Charitable institutions. — Antwerp. — Notre
Dame. — Masterpiece of Rubens. — Royal Palace. — Brussels.— St. Nicho-
las.— Singular marriage. — Royal Theatre. — National Palace.
Antwerp, Belgium, December 7th, 1872.
Editor Deseret News:
We arrived at Haarlem en route to Amsterdam, on Wednesday, the
fourth of December. It is a town of considerable importance, containing
thirty thousand inhabitants — in former periods the residence of the Counts
of Holland. In the latter part of the sixteenth century, during the Span-
ish war, the citizens of Haarlem, after suffering seven months' siege, in
which they endured the severest hardships, were forced to capitulate. Ten
thousand people on that occasion perished by famine or lost their lives in
the terrible encounters of those bloody struggles. The commandant and
the Protestant clergy, together with two thousand townspeople, were bar-
barously executed, after having surrendered. Frederick of Toledo, son of
the Duke of Alva, commanded the besiegers, and had given solemn assur-
ances of life and honorable treatment. We saw traces of a striking charac-
ter still remaining as sad mementoes of the atrocious deeds.
St. Bavon, erected about three hundred and seventy years ago, is the
principal church in Haarlem. This is a magnificent structure, four hun-
dred and twenty-five feet in length; its nave is supported by twenty-eight
massive columns, eighteen feet in circumference. This church is renowned
for its famous organ, which, for a long time, has been considered the
largest and most powerful in the world. It has four key boards, sixty-four
stops, five thousand metal and two thousand wooden pipes; the largest of
these pipes is thirty-two feet long, and fifteen inches in diameter. It is
very beautiful — adorned with marble statuary, life size, and in attractive
attitudes, representing personages playing on instruments of various des-
criptions. We employed the organist and three or four blowers to exhibit
its merits. Imitations of different tones of the pianoforte, the trumpet,
whistle,-battle call, sacred music, closing with a tremendous thunder storm.
50 i SUPPLEMENT.
all were executed with admirable accuracy, fully satisfying us as to its won-
derful capabilities.
We saw a cannon ball, which was nearly buried in the wall, having
been thrown through an opposite window from a Spanish gun during the
siege above rnentioned.
While exploring this church for objects of curiosity, we were inter-
rupted by the approach of a wedding party, which afforded some diversion,
especially to our young tourists, who had never witnessed a Dutch wed-
ding. The bride and groom were accompanied by a grave clerical gentle-
man, to whom we bowed with becoming reverence, and with smiles of our
hearty approval to the happy groom and blushing bride. As we discovered
nothing in the ceremonies surprisingly characteristic, I omit description.
In front of this church is a bronze statue of Koster, formerly a citizen
of Haarlem, representing him as the inventor of the art of printing.
Having spent two hours in that interesting town, we took cars for
Amsterdam, where we arrived about half-past 3 p.m. Amsterdam is the
gre^t commercial city of Holland, numbering two hundred and seventy-
five thousand inhabitants, of whom fifty-seven thousand are Eoman Catho-
lics, and twenty-eight thousand Jews. It is built over a salt marsh, upon
piles driven from forty to fifty feet into the ground. We werR informed
that one house only, in this city, stands on any other foundation . These
people apparently feel as secure upon these wo(.xlen posts as if founded on
solid ground, although at one period this faith in their safety was fearfully
shaken. While busied in making canals and windmills— smoking their
pipes, unsuspicious of danger, the enemy in vast numbers had succeeded
in securing a lodgment beneath the city and commenced mining and sap-
ping the entire substructure — penetrating and cutting into the very heart
of these underpinnings. These fearful invaders were wood worms/ They
were honeycombing the wooden piles with alarming rapidity, threatening
to tumble all Amsterdam into the great salt marsh. The whole city was in
consternation. Every Dutchman's ingenuity and military tactics were
called into requisition to devise measures to rout the enemy. Some of the
crusaders were captured while working the trenches, and submitted to the
inspection of zoologists, in hopes of discovering some vulnerable point sus-
ceptible of attack, but all to no purpose — still they were mining and
sapping, boring and eating, and, by millions, doubling and quadrupling.
At last, however, these belligerents ended their hostilities after the same
fashion as Bonaparte's army in Russia — the Holland winter finished them.
It appears that these insects had been imported by some vessel from a
warm climate — the colder regions of the north compelling them to suc-
cumb and leave the honest Dutchman to smoke his moersch.aum in peace
SUPPLEMENT. 505
and security. Living specimens of these insects are preserved in the Cabi-
net of Zoologists in Amsterdam, where they may be seen by the tourist.
The expense of these foundations for building frequently exceeds that
of their superstructures. The neglect of proper attention to this matter is
liable to result in disaster. An extensive warehouse, containing three
thousand five hundred tons of grain, was precipitated into the marsh, in
consequence of the inefficiency of the foundation.
The city is about nine miles in circumference — intersected by numer-
ous canals, dividing it into nearly one hundred islands, which circumstance,
in connection with other resemblances, has given it the title of the "Venice
of the North." Many of these canals are very broad — flanked with avenues
of tall elms, presenting a handsome and picturesque appearance, compar-
ing favorably with the finest streets in any city we have visited. Two hun-
dred and eighty bridges form the crossings of these canals. A reservoir
about thirteen miles distant supplies the inhabitants with drinking water,
which is conveyed in pipes;
We visited the Museum, which contains many valuable paintings,
•chiefly the works of the old Dutch school. The finest edifice in Amster-
dam is the "King's Palace," which rests on a foundation of thirteen thou-
sand six hundred and fifty-nine piles; its length is two hundred and eighty-
two feet — two hundred and thirty-five in widths and one hundred and
sixteen feet high. Its tower is sixty-six feet high, containing a splendid set
of chimes. The interior of the palace is grand and beautiful — its principal
apartments, through which we passed, are constructed of white marble,
and many sumptuously decorated. The "Council Chamber" is one
hundred and twenty feet long by sixty broad over the entrance, and oppo-
site to it we noticed flags and trophies wrested from the Spaniards and other
enemies. We also visited the Navy Yard, and were conducted through the
difierent departments of shipbuilding. Steamers, monitors and ironclads
were in course of erection. We were amused in viewing the operation of
their ponderous and complicated machinery. By a downward stroke
chunks over three inches in diameter were punched out of cold iron plate
above an inch in thickness. Ponderous iron pillars were pared, polished
and grooved, blocks of iron eight inches thick were turned and twisted into
every desirable shape. It seemed impossible that any projectile could be
forced through an eight inch block of iron; we were, however, shown one
of this description which had been perforated by a cannon ball after having
passed through a covering of oak at least one foot in thickness.
The most remarkable trade in this city is that of diamond cutting,
which is done almost exclusively by Jews. The stones are cut or sawed
through by means of wires covered with diamond dust and polished by
35
506 SUPPLEMENT.
being pressed by the workmen against a rapidly revolving iron disk,
moistened with a mixture of oil and diamond dust. The last material has
proved to be indispensable in this work, as no other substance will make
impressions on the diamond.
Amsterdam is celebrated for its numerons charitable institutions. It
has upwards of forty designed for the benefit of the si(!k, aged and indigent,
lunatics, foundlings and widows, all being supported by voluntary contribu-
tions. Upwards of twenty thousand poor are sustained at the expense of
private individuals. We saw a number of establishments for the poor, which
appeared more like palaces for the rich than dwellings for the destitute.
This city, as well as many others in Holland, is famous in its liberal
-arrangements for educating the poorer classes. The "Society for Public
Welfare," founded in 1784, by a Baptist minister, is an admirable institu-
tion, having for its object the education and moral culture of the lower
classes, and extending its operations throughout the kingdom of Holland,
It comprises fourteen thousand members, who subscribe two dollars
annually. It educates teachers, publishes schoolbooks, establishes Sunday
schools, reading rooms and libraries, publishes works of literature, bestows
rewards, and confers public distinctions on persons who have made them-
selves conspicuous by their generosity and philanthropic conduct.
Paris, France, December 12th, 1872.
We arrived in the city of Antwerp, Belgium, seventh of December.
It is one of the finest cities in the kingdom, embracing a population of one
hundred and thirty-three thousand. It is the principal seaport of the
country, carrying on an extensive traffic with Great Britain and Germany.
Among other objects of interest, we examined the celebrated cathedral,
Notre Dame, three hundred and ninety feet in length and two hundred and
sixteen feet in width, the most magnificent Gothic structure in Belgium. It
was commenced in the middle of the thirteenth century, and completed
one hundred years after. It is the only church in Europe that has six
aisles. Its skilfully executed and elaborate carvings, numerous paintings
by celebrated artists, Mosaic work of the finest description, marble statues
of exquisite workmanship, gorgeous gildings, and decorations of the most
costly character, altogether form a scene of great beauty and magnificence.
The tower is four hundred and two feet in height and is ascended by six
hundred and twenty-two steps. It afifords a splendid view of the city and
surrounding country. Its chimes are among the most complete in Belgium,
consisting of ninety-nine bells, the smallest of which is but fifteen inches
in diameter, the largest weighs eight tons.
We also visited the Museum, containing a collection of five hundred
SUPPLEMENT. 607
and sixty pictures, possessing great merit, the productions of celebrated
masters. One of these by Rubens, which I consider the most perfect^
particularly attracted my attention. It represents Christ crucified between
t vo thieves; Longinus. the Roman officer, mounted on a grey horse, is
piercing the Savior's side with a lance; the penitent thief, a grey-haired
man, is invoking the Savior for the last time. In the foreground stands the
Virgin Mother, whom Mary, the wife of Cleophas, in vain endeavors to
console. Farther back, St. John leans against the cross of the impenitent
thief, weeping; Mary Magdalene on her knees, at the foot of the cross,
implores Longinus to spare the sacred body of her Master.
The whole is drawn with almost startling accuracy; indeed, I never
saw a life scene on canvas so strikingly illustrated. The writhing agony of
the impenitent malefactor, whose legs have just been broken by a Roman
soldier, while on the contrary, the composed expression of the other,
though worn by suflfering — all depicted with such marvelous exactness,
impressed me for the moment with a feeling that I was witnessing the
reality of this shocking scene.
Antwerp justly boasts of many public edifices of great beauty and
magnificence. The royal palace, erected over one hundred years ago in
fantastic pompadour style, drew our attention, though perhaps failed ta
excite our admiratiop. This city has a splendid theatre, its interior hand-
somely decorated with paintings, and busts in marble and bronze of eminent
composers and dramatists, among whom are Shakespeare, Moliere^
Euripides and Mozart. The Zoological Garden contains a fine collection of
animals, which, with its garden and beautiful park, is considered one of the
best in Europe.
We left Antwerp the following afternoon and arrived at Brussels in the
evening. Brussels is the capital of Belgium, the residence of the royal
family, and contains a population of one hundred and seventy thousand,
only six thousand of whom are Protestants. This city has many points of
resemblance to Paris, the capital of France, so much so that it is frequently
called "Paris in miniature." The majority of the citizens speak the
French language; the Flemish is chiefly spoken by the lower classes.
As usual on entering Catholic cities, we paid our respects to its cele-
brated cathedrals, of which St. Nicholas is the most prominent. It is of
Gothic structure, and presents an imposing appearance. Its interior
embraces characteristics similar to other Catholic churches — images,
elaborate carvings, fine marble statuary, sumptuous gildings, magnificent
decorations, together with paintings in almost endless variety. Some have
rather singular representations, such, for instance, as the "Expulsion from
Paradise," done in carved wood, with great skill and at vast labor and
508 SUPPLEMENT,
expense. Among the beautiful foliage are seen all kinds of animals — a
bear, dog, cat, eagle, vulture, peacock, owl, dove, squirrel, and lastly, an
ape eating an apple. These are surmounted by the Virgin with the Child,
who crushes the head of the serpent with the cross.
In one of these churches, an old lady was holding a stock of wax
candles, some of which she insisted on our purchasing, that we might burn
them for the benefit of our dead friends. In another we saw a gentleman
of respectable appearance doing penance in a prostrate position upon the
floor of the church, before the cross and image of the Savior, kissing the
stone pavement with great fervor, and wetting it with tears. I imagined
he might have committed in secret some great crime; I may have failed to
do him justice.
In one of these cathedrals we witnessed a Catholic wedding, which was
quite amusing — the bride and groom were kneeling before the altar, a priest
with sacerdotal robes, with open Bible, wax tapers, and three silver goblets
of wine, was performing the marriage ceremony, reading a sentence or
two, repeatedly kissing the cross and quafl&ng the wine, waving ^is hands
and pronouncing Latin, while in the background a little boy in a white
gown, walking to and fro, swinging slowly, then rapidly, a small censer
with smoking incense, accompanied with an occasional jingle of a bell. In
the evening we attended the Royal Operatic Theatre, the most noted in
Brussels, and the finest and most richly finished and artisticallj' decorated
I ever visited. The parquette was furnished with cushioned chau-s,
elegantly made, and sufficient room to pass without annoyance. Its six-
tiered gallery, with elaborate carvings and splendid gildings, presented a
grand appearance. I think the performances could not be surpassed.
We visited the National Palace, where the sessions of the Senate and
Representatives are held, and were conducted through the various apart-
ments. The Senate Hall is embellished with fifteen portraits of celebrated
Belgians. These two halls had the appearance of comfort and convenience,
rather than display.
The Hotel de Ville, the city hall, the most remarkable edifice in
Brussels, has a graceful tower of three hundred and eighty-six feet in
height; on the summit of its spire is a figure in bronze of Michael, the
Archangel, eighteen feet high. A portion of this hall is occupied by the
city council of Brussels, comprising thirty-one members. We noticed some
magnificent tapestry four hundred years old, and a basin with the keys of
the city made of beaten gold and silver two hundred years ago. In front of
this hall stands a magnificent monument of Counts Egmont and Horn,
who were unjustly executed by the notorious Duke of Alva, June 5th, 1568.
A portion of this colossal structure contains figures in bronze representing
SUPPLEMENT. 509
the two counts on their way to execution. In the Hotel de Ville, we
ascended by a winding staircase to the summit of its lofty tower, where we
enjoyed a magnificent view of Brussels and its environs. Also, from this
lofty height may be seen in the distance the "Lion Monument," a vaat
mound upon the battlefield of Waterloo, erected in commemoration of the
great victory won by the allied powers under the Duke of Wellington.
We visited that memorable locality about ten miles distant fix>m'
Brussels, spending several houre walking over the fields, still bearing traces
of those bloody struggles, examining many points and localities of intense
interest; but I will defer this subject for the present.
We left Brussels, Wednesday, December 11, and arrived in Paris the
same evening.
Lorenzo Snow.
LETTER III.
Paris.— Visit to Versailles.— Bois de Boulogne.— St. Cloud. — Attend the
National Assembly. — French glory. — Interview with the President of the
French Republic. — Paris Register speaks of the Party.
Paris, France, December 18th, 1872.
Editor Deseret News:
We are pleasantly situated at the "Hotel de Petersbourg, " in the beau-
tiful city of Paris, the capital of lovely, sunny France. Too much cannot
be said of the beauty and magnificence of this wonderful city. I will not
attempt, at present, to describe all that we have seen of its beauty and
grandeur. I have just returned from promenading some of its principal
streets, viewing it in its evening splendor, lit up with thirty-two thousand
gas burners.
Yesterday we visited Versailles, some twelve miles from Paris. We
passed through the forest of Boulogne, admiring the delightful picturesque
scenery bordering on the river Seine, passing through a variegated country
until we reached St. Cloud, where we alighted from our carriages and
walked over the ground where the Prussians planted their artillery to bom-
bard the city of Paris, and where many thousands were slain during the
late bloody contest. Every building, except the Cathedral, had been
demolished; this was preserved by a body of Prussians, who had been sta-
510 SUPPLEMENT.
tioned there through the reverential feeHng, perhaps, of the Prussian
Emperor.
At Versailles we enjoyed magnificent views, comprising objects of
almost infinite variety. To me, however, our visit to the National Assem-
bly, then in session, was the most interesting, with the exception of our
interview with Monsieur Thiers, the president of the French republic,
which I will describe presently. The National Assembly comprises seven
hundred and fifty-eight deputies, elected by their respective districts in
1871, constituting only a provisional government. How long they may feel
disposed to hold office, or the vacillating minds of the people to sustain
them, the future will reveal. The political prospects of France are
shrouded in fearful mystery — at any moment the most terrible scenes may
burst upon the country. The National Assembly convenes in that portion
of the palace formerly occupied as a theatre, when Versailles was reveling
in regal pride and splendor. We owed the privilege of admission to the
president of the Assembly, through the request of Monsieur Bartholemy
St. Hilaire, private secretary to M. Thiers, to whom we had been intro-
duced by Major Lorin. We were accorded seats appropriated to foreign
diplomats and embassadors, an honor we appreciated and duly acknowl-
edged. The grave, sedate, dignified, bald-headed appearance of this great
body of French deputies was rather prepossessing. We spent about an
hour in listening to their eloquent and animated speeches. I have alluded
to Major Lorin — this gentleman distinguished himself as a French ofiicer
in the battles fought against Austria and Italy, also in many bloody con-
flicts between the French and Prussians. In the late war he commanded
about three thousand men. On the establishment of peace, only forty-
seven remained; the others were either killed or disabled. The Major was
covered with French glory — scars and bruises. We had formed an
acquaintance with this gentleman, and while visiting Versailles he pro-
posed to present our cards to President Thiers and procure us an audience*
We accepted the proposition and drove up to the palace of M. Thiers. In
a few minutes the Major returned, accompanied by the president's private
secretary, who politely stated that M. Thiers would be happy to receive
President Smith and party at half-past 9 p. m.
We repaired to the palace at the hour designated, M. Bartholemy St.
Hilaire conducted us to the reception hall and introduced us to President
Thiers. He was attended by a number of distinguished French gentle-
men, principally his cabinet ministers, anxious and curious to witness the
interview between the president of the French republic and the delegation
from the Latter-day Saints in Utah en route to Palestine. Mr. Thiers' per-
sonal appearance impressed us favorably — his dignified bearing, plain and
SUPPLEMENT. 51 1
unassuming manners, with a countenance glowinc; with benevolence and
patriotism. He possesses the reputation of being a good English scholar,
but I presume the vast crowd of business of late years has allowed him no
time to practise the English language, therefore the conversation was car-
ried on in French, Major Lorin acting as interpreter.
After the introduction. President Smith acknowledged our appreciation
of the honor accorded the party, in granting this interview — that we were
from Utah, en route to Palestine, to study the Bible in the land where its
recoKled events had chiefly transpired— that we sympathized with the presi-
dent of the French republic in the great cause he is laboring to establish —
a republic in France, and had sought this occasion of expressing our senti-
ments personally.
Upon this being interpreted. President Thiers replied that he was grati-
fied with such assurances from Americans, and pleased to meet this delega-
tion from Utah, and that he was familiar with the history of our people.
We replied that we had been twenty-five years laboring under every possi-
ble disadvantage to colonize that portion of our American desert, in order
to make a destitute people great and prosperous; that in connection with
other objects relating to our tour, we wished to gather information and sta-
tistics of the progress of older nations, that through their experience we
might more successfully benefit and improve the people we represented.
President Thiers replied that while we remained in France, he should
take pleasure in rendering any assistance we might require in the promo-
tion of this object.
We acknowledged our appreciation of this courtesy, and thanked him
for favors extended to American citizens since the establishment of the
French republic.
President Thiers replied that he hoped the peaceful relations now
existing between the two governments would never be interrupted.
The interview closed in the following words by President Smith:
"President Thiers, God bless you."
These words inspired M. Thiers with renewed interest; he requested
the Major to give a literal translation of that expression. The honesty,
simplicity and earnestness in which this sentiment was delivered by Presi-
dent Smith, not only excited pleasurable emotions in M. Thiers, but also
were visible in the features of his ministers who were now crowding around.
President Thiers cordially shook hands with each one of our party.
We then repaired to our carriages and returned to Paris the same evening.
Shortly after this interview, the circumstance of our reception was
published in several of the French papers. Please accept my regards for
yourself and family. Lorenzo Snow.
512 SUPPLEMENT.
FROM THE PARIS "AMERICAN REGISTER."
"On Tuesday last, the Mormon party, now passing through Europe on
their way to Palestine, visited Versailles and were received in the evening
by M. Thiers. The Hon. George A. Smith, leader of the party, gave the
president a curious and interesting account of Mormonism in the United
States, and stated that the sect which he represents is already composed of
about ©ne hundred and twenty thousand members. Mr. Smith and his
party started for Lyons on Thursday, and leave that city to-day for Mar-
seilles, where, after remaining a couple of days, they will proceed to Nice.
"Although the Mormon party at present in France disclaim any other
motive than that of pleasure and instruction for their proposed visit to
Palestine, it is asserted by some who profess to be well informed, that they
are going there to explore the ground for the foundation of a new Jeru-
salem. We see nothing improbable in this assumption. The people who
created a paradise in Salt Lake may well aim at founding an Eden in the
land of Prophets.
"The long interview which the Mormon Elders had with the French
president, the other day, has, we are informed, seriously disquieted Madame
Thiers. Surely at the president's advanced time of life there is no fear of
his conversion to Mormon doctrines. As Thiers was born April 16, 1797,
and, consequently, will be seventy-six years of age in April next, we sin-
cerely sympathize with Madame in her alarm."
SUPPLEMENT. 513
LETTER IV.
From Paris to Lyons.— Burgundy and its wines.— Famous towns.— Lyons
and its silk industries.— Weaving portraits.— Ampitheatre eighteen
hundred years old. — Olive plantations and vineyards, — At Venice. —
Genoa.— Statue of Columbus. — The cathedral of St. Lorenzo. — Chain
that bound John the Baptist.— Turin.-Milan.-Cathedral of our blessed
Lady, the grandest religious edifice in the world.— Attend high mass.—
Arrive in Venice, the City of Waters.
Marseilles, France, December 23, 1872.
Editor Deseret News:
Our route from Paris to Lyons lies through a beautiful and interesting
country, abounding in orchards and vineyards, many of the latter being
very extensive. The district of Burgundy, so much celebrated for its
excellent wines, embraces an area of two hundred and twenty-four thousand
two hundred and twenty-three acres, all in vineyards. These vines are
trained upon stakes three feet high, being more thickly set than is com-
monly practised elsewhere. Their yield differs according to the soil and
quality of the vine, some yielding as high as one thousand gallons per acre.
Immense quantities of these Burgundy wines are transported annually to
foreign countries. They are highly prized by amateur consumers, being
considered superior to most other wines in point of flavor and delicious qual-
ity. The price of the genuine Burgundy wines where they are manufac-
tured will average about one dollar per gallon.
We passed many towns famous in history for memorable battles fought
in their vicinity, or stirring events which have occurred within their walls.
Fontainbleau, about forty miles from Paris, is remarkable for the great
battle fought in February, 1814, in which the allies were signally beaten by
the French under Napoleon. We stopped but a short time at this place.
We passed many elegant mansions, beautiful country seats, chateaux
and towns — some of the latter very antique, embracing ancient castles and
fortifications crumbling to pieces, or lying in ruins. We also passed many
lovely vales, encircled in the distance by low ranges of picturesque hills
covered with vineyards and olive orchards, the latter still clothed in rich
green foliage. Among these romantic hills, here and there a beautifiil villa
appears, with its white chapel surmounted by a modest, graceful tower.
We reached Lyons on the evening of the 19th, distant from Paris about
514 SUPPLEMENT,
three hundred miles, Lyons is the second city in France, with a population
of about three hundred and twenty-five thousand. It is celebrated for its
silk manufactures; in quality and variety they are considered superior to
any others in the world. In the city and vicinity there are over thirty-one
thousand silk looms. Immense numbers of laborers are employed in the
business. We visited some of these establishments and were amused and
interested in witnessing the skill and ingenuity manifested. Portraits,
groups of people, and also landscapes, were woven in silk with as much
accuracy in delineation of face and figure as when done by the most skilful
artist with paint and brush. We purchased a few specimens of their weav-
ing, including exquisitely beautiful handkerchiefs, portraits of eminent
personages, George Washington, M. Thiers and other distinguished indi-
viduals. We showed the proprietor of the establishment a photograph of
President Brigham Young, and on his proffering to weave the portrait,
President Smith made arrangement to have a supply in readiness on our
return ircm Palestine.
We engaged carriages and drove through the principal streets, park and
suburbs of the city. We saw remains of walls, fortifications and buildings
constructed in past ages by the Romans, together with other objects of
curiosity and historic interest. We had a splendid view of the hills of
Savoy and also of Mont Blanc, one hundred miles distant, clothed in per-
petual snows.
We ari'ived in Marseilles, about two hundred miles distant from Lyons,
in the evening, stopping at the Hotel du Louvre et de le Paix — a very
fine establishment. This city contains three hundred thousand inhabitants,
and is considered the finest seaport in France. Its harbor is formed by an
inlet of the sea, extending into the heart of the city, covering an extent of
seventy acres, and will accommodate one thousand two hundred vessels. We
found numerous objects of interest and attraction. No finer streets can be
found in any city of Europe — they are broad and many of them bordered
with ornamental trees. The park is extensive and the public gardens
and promenades are romantic and enchanting to lovers of cultivated
nature. To fully enjoy the smiling sun and balmy air of beautiful Mar-
seilles, and also to avail ourselves of an opportunity for gratifying curiosity
and gaining information, we perambulated the city. The gardens and
parks were ornamented with rich and costly shrubbery, grass plats taste-
fully encircled with flowers, gravel walks with beautiful borders, orna;
mental trees trimmed into varied forms, flowers exhaling sweet fragrance
around grottos, fountains and cascades.
On one side, at a short distance from the city, lies a vast landscape
commencing with rising hills covered with terraces of equal width, planted
SUPPLEMENT. 515
with olive trees and vineyards, rising in regular gradation one above
another, like rows of seats in an amphitheatre, beautiful country seats
here and there dotting the summits of these hills, fronted with gardens and
groves of orange and lemon tree, loaded with golden fruit. These ranges of
hills, continuing one alx)ve another, roll away in the distance into lofty
mountains, and still onward until their towering peaks are mantled in per-
petual snow. Before us, stretching far off beneath the encircling horizon,
in calm and sweet repose, slumber the blue waters of the Mediterranean,
whose broad bosom is whitened with sails from every land and clime.
We shall long remember our stroll through the parks and gardens of
Marseilles, and along the sunny shore of the beautiful Mediterranean.
Venice, Italy, January 4th, 1873.
We left Marseilles by train, December 24th, continuing our route along
the shores of the Mediterranean. Some portion of the country is rough
and broken into hills and low mountains, generally covered with vineyards
and olive orchards. The soil appears light, yet productive. Much labor
has been required to bring this district to its present flourishing condition.
A plan was adopted widely differing from that in Holland, which is a system
of terracing, accomplished by removing the stones and rocks off" the acclivi-
ties, and building them up into walls from three to eight feet in height,
laterally, so as to form a level, varying in width from six feet and upward,
according to the steepness of the hill to be terraced. Soil is gathered upon
these levels, in which the vine, the olive, lemon and orange are planted.
Mountains from base to summit, adorned by these terraces, like rows of seats
rising in systematic order one above another, form a pleasant picture,
frequently lovely and fascinating.
We arrived at Nice in the evening. It is a beautiful city, romantically
located among the hills bordering the sea. It forms a fashionable resort
for people of wealth in quest of pleasure, and invalids in search of health.
The environs afford many attractions in promenades, extensive views, lux-
uriant vegetation, gardens and sloping hills covered with vines, olives, aloes,
cypress, palm, together with lemon and orange trees loaded with golden
fruit.
After spending two days pleasantly in Nice we left for Genoa, Italy,
where we arrived on Friday, the 27th of December. We felt to award a
tribute of respect to Genoa, as the birthplace of Christopher Columbus.
One of these squares is ornamented with a fine monumental structure
erected to his memory.
Sunday morning we attended Catholic service in the Cathedral St.
Lorenzo, the most celebrated church in the city. During the worship an
516 SUPPLEMEN'T.
oflBcer in uniform waited upon us through the building, pointing out and
explaining various objects of interest. He conducted us to a small chapel
enclosed by an ornamental paling, and showed us the "indentical" chain
with which John the Baptist was bound while in prison previous to being
beheaded, and also his ashes enclosed in a silver urn. Any doubts we enter-
tained of the genuineness of these articles we refrained from expressing.
No woman is allowed to enter this chapel of St. John, except one day in
the year, because one of her sex instigated the death of this saint. My
sister, who happened to be the only lady of the party present, bore this
interdiction with her characterestic grace and fortitude.
Monday, 30th, we left for Turin. Some portions of this route were
very attractive, in fact, I do not recollect ever having seen a landscape more
lovely and enchanting. We arrived in Turin in the afternoon, and left the
following morning for Milan, which we reached in the evening of the 31st
of December.
Milan contains two hundred and seventy thousand inhabitants. It is
situated on the river Alono, in the centre of the great plain of Lombardy,
and is one of the richest and most beautiful cities of Italy; the street*
regular, broad and well paved, the dwellings elegantly built, and commo-
dious. The city embraces capacious &<quares, promenades and gardens,
tastefully laid out and ornamented with fountains and statuary. The
Arcade is a splendid structure; we visited it in the evening when lit up with
its immense number of gas burners. An English company commenced
this structure with speculative views, but after having sunk (so we were
informed) nearly one million of dollars, relinquished the project, after
which it became government property.
Milan is celebrated for its cathedral, built in honor of "Our Blessed
Lady." Galeazo Visconti, Duke of Milan, owing to some cause which we
failed to ascertain, made a solemn vow to build & rich and magnificent
temple in honor of the Virgin Mary, and was joined in this undertaking by
men of wealth and rank, with the intention of making it the most costly
and beautiful ecclesiastical edifice in the world. For this purpose immense
sums from time to time were contributed by distinguished individuals —
single donations frequently reaching as high as from fifty to one hundred
thousand dollars. Kings, popes, emperors and empresses bestowed their
princely gifts; one Italian gentleman contributed thirty-five thousand gold
ducats. The founder donated, together with other liberal gifts, marble at
the quarry, sufficient to build the entire edifice.
This temple has been nearly five hundred years in course of construc-
tion, and will probably require another century for its completion. In
gazing with astonishment upon the forest of pinnacles and thousands of
SUPPLEMENT. 517
marble statues, together with millions of jich ornaments and endless works
of carved marble, the great tower, with its lofty summit crowned with a
colossal statue, one would fail to notice any deficiency or lack in its comple-
tion; yet millioi.s are still required to carry out, in full, the magnificent
design of the great artist who planned this astonishing specimen of Gothic
architecture.
Up to the present about one hundred and ten millions of dollars have
been expended, independent of the marble donated at the quarry. The
walls are eight feet in thickness, built of fine white marble from Mount
Gandoglia. The floors are paved with marble — the roof is formed with
marble blocks united by cement. The length of the cathedral is four hun-
dred and ninety feet, its breadth two hundred and ninety-eight, and its
height to th^summit of the tower is four hundred feet. It is built in the
form of a Latin cross, divided into five naves, supported by fifty-two pillars,
each about seventy-two feet high, and twenty- four feet in circumference.
The interior of the building is decorated with fret-work, carving, statuary
and numerous paintings, the production of tiie most skilful artists of
Europe. The exterior is covered with marble statuary, representing some
of the most remarkable events in biblical history — Moses rescued from the
Nile by Pharaoh's daughter, Joseph's temptation in the house of Potiphar,
the angel driving out Adam and Eve from Eden, Daniel in the den of lions,
God appearing to Moses in a burning bush, David holding the head of
Goliath, Sampson sufibcating the lions, and carrying on his shoulders the
gates of Gaza. Fifty-two representations of this character adorn the front
of this temple.
Writers differ in their statements of the number of the statues which
ornament this building. In a work published by a Mr. Prioli at Milan,
the present number is estimated at seven thousand, and additions are con-
stantly being made. The most celebrated artists in Europe have been
employed, and are still engaged in embellishing this edifice.
We ascended by a flight of five hundred and twelve steps to the plat-
form of the great cupola, where we enjoyed a magnificent view of the city,
and the immense plains of Lombardy, chequered with towns and villages,
stretching far away till lost beneath the surrounding girdle of snow-capped
mountains. From this lovely picture of nature, we turn to gaze on the
countless objects of beauty and splendor, the productions of the highest
efforts of human genius, which constitute the exterior decorations of this
extraordinary temple. Before us stood a forest of towers — one hundred
and thirty-six in number, each adorned with twenty-five marble figures, life
size, and thousands of ornamental objects in white marble, imparting to the
scene richness, beauty and grandeur. We descended to the interior of the
518 SUPPLEMENT.
building, where, among the numerous objects which attracted our attention,
was a marble statue, life size, representing St. Bartholomew flayed alive
carrying his skin upon his shoulders. The artist was eight years engaged
in thiswork, which is much admired as a specimen of the extraordinary
skill and anatomical knowledge of the sculptor. In his right hand the saint
holds a figure representing the knife with which his skin was taken off.
The veins, arteries and muscles, together with the whole surface of the
body and limbs in a flayed condition, are delineated by the hand of the
sculptor with marvelous exactness.
We attended high mass in this church New Year's morning, the Arch-
bishop of Milan presiding. But I must hasten to a close.
On the morning of the 3d of January we left Milan and arrived here,
in Venice, the city of waters, the following evening. •
Lorenzo Snow.
LETTER V.
Rome and its population. — The seven hills. — Excavations by the Govern-
ment.—The Forum,— Antony and Julius Caesar.- Where Virginius
stabbed his daughter. — Famous obelisks. — Temple of Venus. — The Tar-
peian Rock. — St. Peter's. — Call on the American minister. — The Vatican^
— Michael Angelo. — Paul III. — Appian Way. — Seneca. — Baths. — ^ Foot-
prints of the Savior. — Naples. — ^Mount Vesuvius.
EoME, Italy, January 21st, 1873.
Editor Deseret News:
We arrived here on the fifteenth inst. This city is built on both sides
of the Tiber, about fifteen miles from where it empties into the Mediterra-
nean. In 1867 it contained two hundred and fifteen thousand inhabitants,
of whom six thousand were clergymen, five thousand nuns, four thousand
five hundred Jews, four hundred and fifty Protestants, seven thousand
three hundred soldiers, and, in the winter season, about twenty-five thou-
sand visitors. In the day of its greatest prosperity, Rome exceeded two
millions; in the middle of the fourteenth century, it had been reduced by
disease, poverty and war to less than twenty thousand people. What is
now understood as modern Rome is surrounded by a wall twelve miles in
length, about fifty feet high, and built of brick.
SUPPLEMENT. 519
The famous "seven hills," on which Rome was principally erected, are
now measurably uninhabited. A few churches, monasteries, nunneries,
old farm-houses, gardens and vineyards occupy these hills which formerly
astonished the world with marble edifices, palaces and magnificent temples;
much of this glory and grandeur now lie from ten to twenty feet beneath
the surface of the ground. Napoleon III purchased extensive grounds on
which a portion of ancient Rome was built, and expended large sums in
excavations to aid him in his "History of the Cajsars." He made many
important discoveries, several of which we saw while exploring the ruins —
portions of streets, temples, beautiful edifices, numerous statues, marble
and granite columns, which were found burial twenty feet underground.
The Italian government is now prosecuting the work commenced by Napo-
leon, constantly bringing to light Roman history and its antiquities. We
saw sufficient of the remains of the ancient Roman forum, the place of
popular assemblies, where the orators addressed the people, to satisfy us of
its former grandt r.r and magnificence. We stood where Antony, in his
artful speech over the murdered body of Julius Caesar, aroused the indigna-
tion of the populace against the conspirators; and where Virginius pro-
cured his knife and killed his daughter to preserve her from slavery. We
also walked over the ground where the Sabine women rushed frantically
between their husbands and fathers to prevent the impending battle.
In the Piazza di St. Pietro, we saw a famous obelisk, which was brought
to Rome by the Emperor Caligula and placed in the Vatican Circus. It was
removed in 1585 and erected on its present site under the superintendency of
Dominica Fontana. This huge monument weighs nearly one million of
pounds. It is said that Fontana, in constructing his machines, had neg-
lected to make allowance for the tension of the ropes, produced by the
immense weight, and that at the critical moment, though the spectators
had been prohibited, under penalty of death, from speaking or shouting, one
of the eight hundred workmen cried out, "Aqua alle funi!'^ i. e., "Water
on the ropes," thus solving the difficulty. His descendants were granted
important privileges for this hazardous interference. Another obelisk we
noticed, called the "Obelisk of the Lateran," of red granite, covered with
hieroglyphics, which was brought from Alexandria to the mouth of the Tiber
in a vessel of three hundred oars. It is supposed to have been standing in
Egypt anterior to the exodus of the Israelites, and probably is four thousand
years old. It is one hundred and forty-one feet high, and weighs nearly
four hundred and fifty-live tons.
Some portions of the celebrated Temple of Venus and Rome still
remain. It was built by the Emperor Hadrian, after his own design.
When it was finished, he asked Appolodoros what he thought of it. The
•520 SUPPLEMENT.
architect replied that it was very good for an emperor, whereupon Hadrian
ordered him to be beheaded.
We went to the "Tarpeian Rock," the precipice from which criminals
were thrown down; there is considerable rubbish beneath, but it is still
sufficiently lofty to insure unpleasant results of a fall from its summit.
There are very few monuments that exhibit more effectually the splen-
dor of ancient Rome than the remains of the celebrated Colosseum. It was
commencetl by Vespasian and completed by Titus, after his conquest of the
Jews. It is said that sixty thousand Jews were engaged ten years in this
gigantic antique structure. After it had fallen into decay, it was used as a
quarry from which were built churches and palaces until, by its consecra-
tion as holy ground, on account of the number of martyrs supposed to have
suffered within its walls, this vandalism was discontinued. It seated eighty-
seven thousand people, with standing room for twenty thousand. Its inau-
guration, Anno Domini 81, continued one hundred days, during which five
thousand wild beasts and ten thousand captives were slain. Its circumfer-
ence is one thousand six hundred and fortj'-one feet, the height of the outer
wall one hundred and fifty-seven, the length of the arena two hundred and
seventy-eight, and its width one hundred and seventy-seven feet, the whole
superficial area, six acres. In the museum of the Capitol, we saw a strik-
ing representation of the character of the former scenes enacted in the
arena of this amphitheatre. A marble statue of a dying gladiator — a
wonderful specimen of the perfection to which the art of sculpture
had attained. The figure is in a reclining posture, a deep cut in the
side, the blood trickling down, a broken sword lying beside it, the muscles
gradually relaxing and strength failing, the lineaments of the face express-
ing intense anguish, yet determined resolution to conceal pain, as the
poet says:
"I see before me the gladiator lie;
He leans upon his hand— his manly brow
Consents to death, but conquers agony,
And his drooped head sinks gradually low,
And through his side, the last drops, ebbing slow.
From the red gash fall heavy one by one,
Like the first of a thunder shower; and now
The arena swims around him; he is gone
Ere ceased the inhuman shout which hailed
The wretch whawon."
We visited several celebrated Roman cathedrals, St. Peter's first and
foremost. The area of this church is two hundred and twelve thousand
three hundred and twenty-one square feet, its exterior six hundred and fifty-
SUPPLEMENT. . 521
one feet in length, its height from the pavement to the cross on the summit
is four hundred and forty-eight feet. It contains two hundred and ninety
windows, three hundred and ninety statues, forty-six altars and seven hun-
dred and forty-eight columns. The dome rises three hundred and eighteen
feet above the roof, and has a circumference of six hundred and fifty-two
feet. In the seventeenth century the dome showed signs of giving way,
and was strengthened by means of huge iron hoops.
We ascend to the lantern by an easy stairway, where we have a mag-
nificent view of the surrounding country, extending to the blue waters of
tlie Mediterranean. The ball on the summit affords room for sixteen per-
sons, though from the ground it appears little larger than a man's hat.
Previous to the Papal states being incorporated into the Italian kingdom,
it was customary, on certain days in the year, to present from this church a
gi-and spectacle — a vast illumination of the dome, facade and colonnades by
four thousand four hundred lamps. It is thought that this great display
will never be repeated. The Pope has remained singularly quiet, refusing
to officiate at public festivals since Victor took possession of Rome.
Some attribute this inaction to a design to awaken sympathy and create
a stirring interest in his favor with Catholic communities throughout the
world. We were informed to-day that the Pope had just received a delega-
tion of distinguished gentlemen from England, representing a large body
of men, who had solemnlj' engaged to render whatever assistance he might
require.
We called at the American minister's to-day; not finding him at home,
we left our cards with his secretary. We shall probably have an interview
with him before leaving Rome. Our tour under Mr. Cook's management
thus far has proved perfectly satisfactory. Our railroad transits have invari-
ably been first-class, and our hotels generally. We remain here three
days, then go to Naples.
Naples, Italy, January 28th, 1873.
We were much interested in the Vatican Palace, the residence of the
Pope. It embraces an immense area — one thousand one hundred and fifty-
one feet in length, seven hundred and sixty-seven in breadth, eight grand
staircases, two hundred smaller ones, twenty courts and four thousand four
hundred and twenty-two apartments. It contains a vast collection of the
most celebrated marble statuary and paintings in the world.
The ingenuity and wealth of the Roman pontifis during many centuries
have been employed to make this palace suitable for the accommodation of
the representatives of St. Peter in regard to splendor and magnificence.
The distinguished artist, Michael Angelo, was engaged a number of
86
522 SUPPLEMENT.
years in decorating some of these apartments with his best paintings. One
of these we noticed in particular was a large picture in fresco, covering one
end of a lofty room, fifty feet wide; it is called "The Last Judgment."
Michael Angelo labored nearly eight years upon this work. Pope Paul III
manifested much interest in this painting, and, to encourage the artist,
went to his studio, accompanied by ten of his cardinals, which was consid-
ered an extraordinary condescension on the part of "His Holiness." He
wished the picture painted in oil, but the artist would not consent, declaring
that "oil painting was an occupation fit only for women and idlers and
such as had plenty of time to throw away." In the upper part of the pic-
ture is the Savior seated in the act of pronouncing judgment, On one side
are a multitude of saints and patriarchs, on the other the martyrs with the
symbols of their sufferings — St. Catherine with the wheel on which she was
broken, St. Sebastian with the arrows by which he was killed, St. Bartholo-
mew carrying his skin, etc. Below is a group of angels sounding the last
trumpet and carrying the books of judgment. On the left is represented the
condition of the damned — the demons are seen coming out of the pit to
seize them as they, struggle to escape, their features expressing the utmost
despair, at the same time exhibiting pavssions of rage, anguish and defiance.
On the opposite side the saints are rising slowly from their graves, aided by
angels to ascend into the regions of the blest.
Paul III was displeased with the nudity of the figures and intended to
destroy the whole. On hearing this objection of the Pope, Michael Angelo
said, "Tell the Pope that this is but a small aftair, and easy to be remedied:
let him reform the world, and pictures will reform themselves." The Pope
engaged Volterra to cover the most conspicuous figures with drapery, which
caused the Italians to nickname him Braghettone, that is, the breeches
maker. Michael Angelo was obliged to submit to the Pope's will, but
revenged himself in the following style upon Biagio, master of ceremonies,
who suggested the indelicacy of the figures. He represented him in one of
the angles of the picture standing in hell as Midas, with ass's ears, his body
encircled by a serpent. Biagio requested the Pope to compel the artist to
expunge this figure, but he declared he could only release from purgatory.
We made an excursion of several miles in the country, traveling od the
celebrated Appian Way, a road built in ancient times by the Romans,
They were accustomed to bury their dead beyond the city along the sides of
this thoroughfare, for which purpose thousands of monuments were built,
thickly studding both sides of the way — a distance of about thirteen miles
— many of them massive and lofty, built of brick, stone and concrete, with
an external covering of polished marble, ornamented with beautiful statu-
ary, and otherwise magnificently decorated. Among the monumental ruins
SUPPLEMENT. 523
is one said to contain the remains of Seneca, the great moralist, one of my
favorite authors, who unjustly suffered death by the order of Nero. His
statue in marble, like a protecting angel, still remains over the crumbling
ruins of his monument, and even should this statue also disappear, the
elevating moral sentiments he inculcated cannot perish, but will ever per-
petuate his memory.
We saw a spacious enclosure, where the Romans practised burning the
bodies of the dead, in order to place their ashes in urns or vase^, to be
deposited in tombs. We were shown the remains of the bathing establish-
ment of Caracalla, constructed somewhat on the principle of the Turkish
bath. It embraced an area of about forty acres, most of which had been
covered with arched mason work, now fallen down. A large portion of the
wall still remains; some fifteen feet depth of earth has been excavated to
show its original plan and grandeur.
We were conducted into a small chapel, held in high esteem by the
Catholics through a tradition that Peter, when imprisoned in Eome, escaped
in the night, and upon reaching this point the Savior met him and told him
he was going to Rome to be crucified the se<;ond time, whereupon Peter,
taking the hint, returned to the city and suffered crucifixion. On the floor
of this church is a marble slab with a fac-simile of the footmark of the
Savior, which is pretended to have been made upon the pavement on
which he stood.
Rome possesses many obelisks and monumental columns; one, erected
by Bernini, formed of red granite covered with hieroglyphics, stands in the
Piazza Navona, in the midst of a fountain, on rock work forty feet high;
the height of the obelisk is fifty-one feet. I was amused with an anecdote
connected with this monument, related by our guide. Bernini had bitter
enemies, who insisted that the foundation was inadequate to the support of
the column. With the greatest difl&culty, overcoming the immense influ-
ence against him, he succeeded in erecting the obelisk. One day his ene-
mies raised a tremendous excitement by reporting that the foundation was
giving way. The square was soon filled with an enthufiastic populace,
every moment expecting the superstructure to go down. Bernini, on hear-
ing this state of things, proceeded to the square in his carriage; arriving in
front of his work, disregarding the hisses and groans of the people, he
ordered ladders, connected them together, and ascending to the top of the
obelisk, drew from his pocket a ball of twine, unwound until he had four
strings, each of sufficient length to reach across the square, and fastened
one end of each to the top of the column. He then descended— gathered
the opposite ends, walked around the square, fastening each end at oppo-
site points to the buildings, by means of small nails driven into the plaster
524 SUPPLEMENT.
of the walls. He then coolly stepped into his carriage and drove home.
Before he left the square, however, the people, comprehending the joke,
honored him with thundering applause, to the great discomfiture of his
enemies.
The Forum of Trajan has been partially uncovered, revealing statues,
broken columns and many other relics in great numbers. One obelisk, one
hundred and twenty-four feet high, still stands in this forum, formerly sur-
mounted by a colossal statue of the Emperor Trajan, now by that of St.
Peter. It is covered with upwards of two thousand five hundred human
figures, averaging two feet in length. In this forum it is said that Constan-
tine, in the presence of the dignitaries of the empire, and a vast assem-
blage of the people, renounced Paganism and declared for Christianity;
that upon this announcement the Christians present raised a loud and pro-
longed shout of five minutes' continuation. Some Pagan officei's, who were
present, looked glum and sullen. The Christians, noticing this, and firing
up under the excitement, motioned that every Pagan should be compelled
to follow the example of their illustrious emperor.
There has been a slight eruption of Vesuvms in the last twenty-four
hours; flames and red-hot stones were projected to a great height all day
yesterday, and windows at Castellamare were shaken out by the earth's
vibratory motion. There is an unusual volume of smoke issuing from tho
moutli of the cruLcr, and the instruments at the observatory indicate the
presence of strong electrical currents.
LOREXZO Sxow.
SUPPLEMKNT. 525
LETTER VI.
Naples.— Beggars.— Pompeii.— Earthquakes.— Herculanseum.— Museum.—
"Secret Cabinet."— Ascent of Vesuvius.— Pliny the Elder.— From Naples
to Brindisi.— Hardworking women.— Corfu.— Religious service In a
Greek cathedral.— Take steamer for Alexandria.— Egypt.— Turkish
mosques.— Copts.— Mohammedan schools.- Male and Female attire.—
Dervish worship. — Suez. — Red Sea.
Alexandria, Egypt, February 6th, 1873.
Editor Deseret Neics:
The city of Naples contains a population of over half a million. It is
beautifully situated on the slope of a range of hills bordering the Mediter-
ranean. Including its suburbs, it is nearly eighteen miles in circumference.
The streets, like those of most other cities of Europe, are generally narrow,
though some are ^^^de, handsomely paved, and bordered with elegant
buildings, five, six and seven stories high. We noticed in many parts of the
city that the lower stories are built without windows; air and light being
admitted through the door in front, which is generally large, always stand-
ing open, except at night, when the occupants retire to rest. These apart-
ments were swarming with laboring people, many of whom appeared in
great poverty. We have visited no city where so much begging is practised
as in Naples. In many places beggars thronged us by multitudes.
We visited Pompeii, distant a few miles from Naples, and spent several
hours in walking through the streets and examining its interesting and
mournful ruins. In the year A. D. 63, the city was partially destroyed by
an earthquake. The inhabitants abandoned the town, but returned
directly afterwards, and it had regained nearly all its splendor, when, at
midday, on November 23d, A. D. 79, the eruption destined to destroy it
commenced. The wooden roofs of the houses were either set on fire or
broken in by the weight of the matter deposited on them. It is though'
that, inasmuch as but few skeletons have been found, nearly all of the
inhabitants were enabled to escai)e. They returned soon afterwards to dig
the soil in which the town was buried, and carried away the valuables left
in their houses, and some precious objects from the public edifices. The
villa of Diomede is one of the largest estiiblishments. The remains of
seventeen persons were found there during the excavations. Some of them
526 SUPPLEMENT.
were shown us at Pompeii, others we saw in the National Museum in
Naples. Close by the garden gate of this villa were discovered the skeletons
of the proprietor and his attendant — one holding in his hand the keys of the
villa; the other, a purse which contained one hundred gold and silver coins.
Quite a large - portion of the city is now excavated, exhibiting streets,
private buildings, temples, theatres, fountains, wine cellars, public squares,
etc., in a wonderful state of preservation. The whole resembles a large,
magnificent town, the inhabitants of which had suddenly fled, or gone out
on a general excursion.
In returning to Naples we stopped a short time in Herculanseum, which
contains some objects of interest. The ancient theatre has been excavated,
which appears to have consisted of nineteen tiers of seats, sufl&cient to
accommodate ten thousand persons; its orchestra is twenty-six feet below
the surface of the present town, Eesina.
The next day we spent a few hours very agreeably in the celebrated
Museum of Naples, which contains a vast number of apartments richly
stored with relics of ancient art and science, and constitutes a general depot
of the two ancient cities, Pompeii and Herculana^um, and other localities of
Naples and Sicily. The "Secret Cabinet," which was formerly closed to all
visitors, is now open to gentlemen, but is still closed to ladies and the
Catholic clergy. Its contents exhibit, in a striking manner, the dissipated
public taste, and the licentious and beastly practices of the inhabitants of
those doomed cities, Pompeii and Herculanseum, showing that they well
merited the terrible judgment meted out to them so suddenly.
We concluded to pay our respects to Mount Vesuvius. It is nearly
four thousand feet above the level of the sea. In the eruption of A. D. 79,
the elder Pliny lost his life. In 1631 several currents of lava burst forth at
once and overwhelmed a number of cities at the foot of the mountain.
Resina, partly built upon the site of Herculanseum, was consumed by the
burning torrent, and it is said that four thousand persons perished in the
catastrophe. Thirty four eruptions have taken place since 1750, extending
to April, 1872. In this last, thirty persons perished upon the mountain,
simply through venturing incautiously. We left our hotel in a c:irriage at 9
a. m., and reached the "Hermitage" at 11:30, situated upon the slope of
the mountain, about one mile below the foot of the cone. The road to this
point has been built at great expense, is very good, but extremely serpen-
tine, passing over fields and hills of lava, which have been thrown out from
the crater at different periods. We could proceed no further by carriage.
President Smith, according to previous arrangement, was carried in an arm-
chair, upon the shoulders of four Italians, to the foot of the cone, while
others rode on ponies to the same point, over a tortuous path, in places very
SUPPLEMENT. 527
narrow and rocky. Here we left our ponies. President Smith, borne upon
the shoulders of his stalwart bearers, took the lead, while we followed,
assisted by our strong walkingsticks. The ascent was difficult and fatiguing
in places very steep, witii ashes and sand nearly one foot and a half deep.
We enjoyed a magnificent view of the surrounding country, the long range
of the Apennines in the distance, covered with its snowy mantle, the ruins
of Pompeii, the beautiful city of Naples and its great bay, dotted with
many ships and steamers. We were one hour and a quarter in making the
summit after leaving the foot of the cone. The crater was partially clear
of smoke, affording a fine opportunity for examining the wonderful abyss.
We tumbled a few rocks over the rim, which were more than thirty seconds
reaching the bottom. Some of the party tried their strength of nerve by
standing upon a craggy point, which appeared to hang over the burning
chasm, and thrusting sticks into the smoking apertures, which inflamed
in a moment. One of the party also sought to acquire fame in boiling and
eating an egg in the midst of the burning heat and sulphurous smoke. It
was judged that the mouth of the crater would equal in dimensions a ten
acre block. The mountain all around appeared only a thin shell in a
heated state, and for a long distance below the summit, here and there,
volumes of smoke are issuing. We descended the mountain at nearly a
running pace, which occupied only about fifteen minutes, arrived at our
hotel at nearly 6 o'clock p. m., and indulged in a remarkably late break-
fast the next morning.
We left Naples by train on the thirtieth, for Brindisi. A great portion
of the country through which we passed is cultivated by the spade; and we
saw here, and also in many other parts of Italy, the women engaged in this
laborious employment; in one instance we noticed a company of women
repairing a break in the railroad by carrying gravel upon their heads in
baskets.
At Brindisi we took steamer for Ciorfu. We had a pleasant passage —
the sea smooth, the weather fine, like spring, and the air pure and bracing.
We passed close to the coast of Albania, and had a fine view of Turkish
towns and villas, which appeared here and there on the slopes of the
mountains.
The city of Corfu contains about twenty-four thousand people, the
island some fifteen villages, with seventy thousand inhabitants, and forms a
portion of the Grecian government. The olive and grape are cultivated
upon the island very extensively.
Sunday morning we attended Greek service in a magnificent cathedral.
The psalms, prayers and portions of Scripture were read in modern Greek,
-and in a very amusing operatic style.
528 SUPPLEMENT,
In the afternoon, the capacious square in front of our hotel was enliv-
ened with thousands of promenaders gaily and richly dressed. The fash-
ionable Grecian ladies, however, made no display of the "Grecian Bend."
A company of politicians passed us — directly a row ensued, and one was
stabbed to the heart a few steps from where we stood.
We took steamer for Alexandria and arrived here early this morning.
We had fine weather, a smooth sea the whole distance, and no sickness, a
very remarkable circumstance. We remain here four days, and then pro-
ceed by rail to Cairo, one hundred and thirty miles distant.
Port Said, Egypt, February 22d, 1873.
We have now completed our tour inEgj'pt, which in many respects has
proved the most agreeable and interesting of any country we have visited in
regard to its physical appearance, and the character, religion, customs and
manners of its inhabitants. It occupies the northeastern part of Africa,
and embraces nearly six millions of people — Egyptians, Turks, Arabs,
Greeks, Armenians, Jews, Syrians and Mamelukes. The great majority
are husbandmen, and their social condition of a low grade, generally igno-
rant and uneducated and fond of frivolous amusements. The climate being
warm, and their style of living cheap and simple, their habitations consist-
ing chiefly of low mud huts, very little labor or expense is required for the
maintenance of families. I noticed, in passing through man}' of their mud
villages, that they appeared to be swarming with children. We were told,
and from personal observation believed it to be true, that in Egypt the prac-
tice of raising offspring is the general rule and is fashionable and popular,
and that the estimation in which the wife is held by her husband, and even
by her acquaintances, depends in a great measure upon her fruitfulness and
the preservation of her children. By men and women, whether rich or
poor, barrenness is considered a curse and a reproach, and it is regarded,
also, as disgraceful in a man to divorce, without some substantial reason, a
wife who has borne him a child, especially while her child is living. If a
woman desires a husband's love, or the respect of others, her giving birth to
a child is a source of great joy to her and him, making her own interest a
sufficient motive for maternal tenderness. Children here appear to have
great respect for their parents. We are informed that an undutiful child is
scarcely known among the Egyptians or Arabs, and whenever such an
instance does occur, being considered one of the greatest crimes, its punish-
ment is very severe. It is said that cases are very rare in Egypt of wives
being unfaithful to their husbands.
In visiting the Turkish mosques, we observed that there were no pic-
tures, images, statues or altars, which universally decorate the cathedrals in
SUPPLEMENT. 529
Catholic countries. Friday is their day for worship. The public service
commences about noon by reading portions of the Koran, and delivering
sermon or addresses by the "Imens." They hold Moses in profound rev-
erence, and also Jesus Christ, but Mahomet as God's last and greatest
prophet. Their creed is, "There is no Deity but God, and Mahomet is
God's apostle." Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus Christ were
all God's servants in their various ages, but the greatest and best is
Mahomet.
The Copts are avowed Christians, the descendants of the ancient Egyp-
tians, and are very numerous. They have regular convents, nunneries,
monasteries and about two hundred churches. The other religions are the
Greek Church and the Latin or Roman Catholic.
But little attention is paid to education. Parents generally content
themselves with instilling into the minds of their children a few principles
of religion. The child, as early as possible, is taught to say, "I testify that
there is no Deity but God, and I testify that Mahomet is God's apostle."
The boys are placed under a schoolmaster to be instructed in a few simple
rudiments of education. The common manner of instruction is to sit
upon the ground or floor, pupils and schoolmaster, each boy with his
tablet in hand or a portion of the Koran or a kind of desk of palm siticks.
All the bo3's recite or chant this lesson aloud, at the same time rocking their
heads and bodies incessantly backward and forward, this practice being
thought to assist the memory.
While in this country I have not witnessed a single case of intoxica-
tion, though I have been in many places of large gatherings for general
amusement. On every occasion the people were remarkably orderly — no*
boisterous speeches, loud talking or laughter. In these large crowds, and at
hotels where only Egyptian servants and Arabs were employed, I con-
sidered my little effects more secure than at American or European estab-
lishments. '
The drees of the men of the middle and higher classes consists generally
of the following articles: First, a pair of drawers of linen or cotton, tied
around the body by a draw-string or band, the ends of which are embroi-
dered with fancy colored silk. The drawers descend a little below the knees
or to the ankles. Next is worn a shirt, with full sleeves reaching to the
wrists, which is made of linen or cotton, muslin or silk; over this is worn a
garment of silk or cotton descending to the ankles, having long sleeves.
The costume of men of the lower classes is very simple. These, if not of
the very poorest class, wear drawers, or shirt or gown with wide sleeves, and
a woolen girdle or broad red belt. Their turban is generally composed of
a white, red or yellow woolen shawl, but we saw many different forms of
■530 SUPPLEMENT.
turbans; the common style among the servants consists of several spiral
twists, one above another, like the threads of a screw. Those worn by the
upper class are of a better style. The dress of the Egyptian ladies is much
after the fashion of that of men, but more elegant.
The Mohammedans, like the Christians, are divided into various
religious societies, each having its peculiar tenets and practices. The Der-
vishes constitute an important sect — are very numerous, and in many parts
■of Egypt are highly respected. Their customs and modes of worship are
singular and curious. Sometimes they enter a solitary cell, remain forty
days and nights, fasting from daybreak till sunset, employing their time in
imploring forgiveness, praising God, etc. Their religious exercises consist
chiefly in the performance of -what js called "zikers." Sometimes standing
in the form of a circular or an oblong ring, or in two rows facing each
other, sometimes sitting, they exclaim or chant "Lailah, Ella-Uah!" (there
is no Deity but God;) "Allah! Allah! Allah!" (God! God! God!) or repeat
other invocations until their strength is nearly exhausted, accompanying
their ejaculations or chants with a motion of the head, or of the whole
body.
I felt a great curiosity to witness their manner of worship — fortunately
an opportunity presented. We took carriages, accompanied by a Dervish
guide of some distinction, and proceeded to one of their mosques in Cairo.
We were requested to take off our boots before entering the building — their
places of worship being considered sacred and holy. About fifty Dervishes
were standing in the form of a semi-circle — their head priest in the centre.
They were bowing their heads and bodies nearly to the floor, simultaneously
^and very rapidly, keeping time to miserably wretched music, their long,
flowing hair and wild, fanatical expressions, together with their horrible
ejaculations and howls, made them appear more like lunatics or demons
than rational beings. They continued their exercises about fifteen minutes,
until, becoming exhausted, they rested a few moments, then commenced
repeating the ceremonies. One of them, either through a high state of
religious enthusiasm or vehemence of exertion, with a terrible groan, fell
prostrate, foaming at the mouth, his eyes closed, his limbs convulsed and
his fingei"S clenched. The Dervishes were pleased with this occurrence,
-considering it a divine manifestation, which increased their enthusiasm.
At length the presiding Dervish raised the fallen man and placed him in the
circle in charge of two of his companions. Another occurrence of similar
character happened previously to our leaving the mosque. While these
-exercises were going on, two Dervishes stepped inside the circle and com-
menced whirling around, using both feet to produce the motion, extending
their arms and spinning around like tops, witli great velocity. I expected
SUPPLEMENT. 531
eveiy moment to see them precipitated headlong upon the floor, but having
continued nearly ten minutes, they joined the circle, apparently but little
exhausted.
We were pleased with our visit in Alexandria, and with our Hotel de
I'Europe, which nearly equals the first-class hotels in America. Pompey's
Pillar, Cleopatra's Needle, the Catacombs, Museum of Antiquities, etc.,
received a due share of our attention. But little improvement is at present
being made in Alexandria, compared with that of Cairo — it seems merely
of importance as a maritime city.
In traveling in Egypt along the delta of the Nile, wherever its waters
can reach by overflow or irrigation, the soil is remarkably rich, fertile and
productive. Heavy growths of wheat, barley, clover, cane, cotton, with
now and then a field of flax, also fields of beans, orange, lemon and fine
vegetable gardens, with peach trees now in full bloom.
In passing from Cairo to Ismalia, we saw one steam plow in operation'
but generally the ground is cultivated by rudely constructed plows drawn by
oxen or an ox and camel yoked together, sometimes by two camels.
We have visited Suez and looked upon the beautiful watei*s of the
famous Eed Sea, and enjoyed a delightful sail over a portion of the great
Suez Canal.
This afternoon we leave by steamer for Jaffa, where we arrange for our
Palestine tour, which will occupy about four weeks, and be performed on
horseback.
Lorenzo Snow.
532 SUPPLEMENT.
LETTER VII.
Jaffa. — Traveling arrangement. — Place where the Ark was built. — House of
Simon the Tanner. — Mohammedan funeral ceremony. — Plains of
Sharon. — A night in the desert. — Battlefield of David and Goliath. — Rose
of Sharon. — Mount Zion. — Mount of Olives. — Jerusalem.- - Rachel's
Tomb. — Solomon's Pools. — Church of the Nativity. — Ntudio of St.
Jerome.— Shepherds' field. — Jordan River. — Dead Sea.
Jerusalem, February 26th, 1873.
Editor Deseret JVeios:
Saturday evening, the 22d inst., we steamed out from Port Said, and
the following morning anchored within a half mile of Jaffa, the first sea-
port of Palestine. In boisterous weather and rough seas, landing is diffi-
cult and dangerous — frequently impossible, occasioning much annoyance
and great expense to tourists. As we arose at early dawn, our anxiety was
relieved by finding we were favored with a smooth sea and fine weather,
and we were enabled by means of small boats to disembark with compara-
tive safety. On approaching Jaffa from the sea, it presents a charming and
picturesque appearance, being situated upon a high eminence, its streets
rising one above another like seats in an amphitheatre, surrounded by
beautiful lemon and orange groves and tall waving cypresses. On entering
the custom house with our baggage, some francs bestowed upon the smiling,
obsequious Mussulman official, saved the trouble of looking up our pass-
ports and occupying time which otherwise would have been employed by
officious Turks in ransacking our satchels and trunks. We proceeded on
foot to our encam-pment, carriages being out of the question, through the
suburbs of the town, till we came to a Turkish cemetery near the shore of
the Mediterranean. We found the arrangements completed for our travel-
ing expedition — two sleeping tents, a separate one for the ladies, a kitchen
tent with cook stove, a saloon or dining tent, iron bedsteads, mattresses,
clean white sheets, abundance of bedding, carpets and camp stools. We
were provided with good liorses, saddles, an efficient dragoman, plenty of
servants and preparations to serve three meals per day, under the super-
vision of an experienced cook.
Jaffa is considered the oldest seaport in world; it has a population of
about five thousand, principally Arabs, Greeks and Mohammedans.
SUPPLEMENT. 533
The interior of the city does not compare favorably in its appearance
with its exterior. The streets are narrow, crooked, and filthy in the
extreme — the houses uncomfortable, dark and gloomy, and the occupants
are certainly unprepossessing in manners and general appearance. This is
the ancient Joppa of Bible history, and is supposed to be the place where
Noah's Ark was built, the port where the Prophet Jonah embarked when
fleeing from the presence of the Lord, and where Hiram, King of Tyre,
brought the cedars of Lebanon for the building of the Temple at Jeru-
salem.
Among other places of sacred interest, we visited the "House of Simon
the tanner, by the seaside," where Peter had the remarkable vision in
which the will of God was revealed concerning the Gentiles, by letting down
a sheet containing all manner of beasts, etc., and heard tlie voice com-
manding him to "rise, kill and eat."
During our encampment we witnessed a ceremony of Mohammedan
burial. The corpse of a child, wrapped in white, was borne to the grave,
without a coffin, in the arms of a Mussulman, attended by the parents and
a few friends. The body was placal in a small enclosure formed at the
bottom of the grave by stones placed around, after which, several small
paper packages were emptied into the grave; the enclosure containing the
corpse was overlaid with flat rocks,, the grave filled with earth, then a half
bushel of beautiful little sea shells scattered over. Several women,
clothed in white, knelt around the grave and commenced weeping and
wailing in the most affecting manner, which they continued for several
houi-s.
The next morning our tents were struck and we mounted our horses,
following our dragoman in single file along the winding streets of Jaffa,
lined with crowds of gazing Arabs and Mussulmen. After leaving the
town, we passed through extensive and lovely orange and lemon groves
loaded with golden fruit, and presently reached the flowery Plains of Sharon.
The atmosphere was sweet and balmy, the gorgeous sun spreading its
enlivening rays upon the beautiful country around, the morning lovely as
ever dawned upon the holy land of. Palestine. We felt that we were pass-
ing over the land once occupied by the children of Abraham, the plains
once trod by the kings of Israel with their marshaled hosts, the land of the
Apostles and Propheta. We were in Palestine ! The Holy Land ! The
consciousness of the fact was inspiring. Hour after hour we rode onward
in silent and solemn meditation; at length we reached the city of Ramleh,
four hours distant from Jaffa, where we stopped to rest our animals, and
partake of refreshments. Here is "The Martyrs' Tower." We ascended a
flight of stairs to its lofty summit, which commands a magnificent view of
534 SUPPLEMENT,
the surrounding country — the Plains of Sharon, Arab villages here and
there upon rising mounds, gigantic prickly pear hedges, olive orchards, and
now and then a palm tree rising majestically above the whole, and the
mountains of Judea appearing in the distance.
We resumed our journey, passed trains of loaded camels, mounted by
half naked Arabs, smoking their long pipes, looking down smilingly from
their "ships of the desert," doubtless sympathizing with us in our humbler
mode of traveling.
The soil is generally rich and fertile, growing fields of wheat and vege-
tables. The dews fall profusely, and we were informed that latterly rain is
more frequent in Palestine than in former years.
About 4 p. m. we arrived at our encampment, a beautiful basin
enclosed by romantic hills at the entrance of the Valley of Ajalon.
Through the night we were serenaded by bands of musical frogs, accom-
panied by howls of jackals in the adjacent hills, relieved by the low
plaintive chants of our Turkish guaitls, and charming songs of cuckoos
perched in the branches of olive trees around our camp.
On the following morning, after an early breakfast, with our faces
toward the "Holy City," we moved forward, passing through the Valley of
Ajalon, and soon commenced ascending into a more elevated region of
country, generally rocky and mountainous, producing but little more than
is required for the flocks of sheep and goats ranging upon it.
About 12 o'clock we stopped to lunch under the shade of olive trees,
in the Valley of Elah, where it is said David selected stones with which to
combat Goliath, while the two contending armies were encamped on the
slopes of the adjacent mountains. At a short distance from this locality we
were shown the Kirjath-jearim of sacred history, where the "Ark of the
Covenant" is said to have rested twenty years.
The Valley of Elah is richly ornamented in the midst of its rocky
surface and sparse vegetation with what is called the "Rose of Sharon," a
flower of a deep red, velvety appearance, three inches in circumference or
thereabout, growing from six inches to one foot in height.
One hour's ride from our lunching place will bring us to Jerusalem.
We move on and at length ascend an eminence, and gaze on the "Holy
City," Jerusalem. Away to the right is Mount Zion, the city of David. Off"
to our left, that lofty eminence, with an aspect so barren, is the Mount of
Olives, once the favorite resort of our Savior, and the spot last pressed
by His sacred feet before He ascended into the presence of His Father.
These interesting historic scenes, with all their sacred associations, inspire
thoughts and reflections impressive and solemn. Yes, there is Jerusalem!
Where Jesus lived and taught, and was crucified, where He cried, "It
SUPPLEMENT. 535
is finished," and bowed His head and died! We slowly and thoughtfully
wind our way down the hill, passing the Russian buildings and othe^
prominent establishments, until we reach ^the city and enter our encamp-
ment.
After remaining one day at Jerusalem, according to programme, Feb-
ruary 22d, we struck our tents, resumed our saddles, and started on an
excursion of three days to Solomon's Pools, Bethlehem, CJonvent of Mar
Saba, the Dead Sea, the Jordan, returning by the way of Bethany to Jeru-
salem.
About six miles' ride over a rocky, sterile country, brought us to
Rachel's Tomb. It is a small stone building, forty feet long and twenty
wide, and is respected by Christians, Jews and Mahommedans. Here we
made a detour over a miserable, rocky, tortuous path of some three miles
to the Pools of Solomon. These pools consist of three immense reservoirs,
situated in a broad valley about three miles from Bethlehem. They are
partly excavated in a rocky bed, and partly built of large hewn stones, and
so arranged that the bottom of the upper pool is higher than the top of the
next, and the same with the second and the third. The first pool is three
hundred and eighty feet in length, twenty-five feet deep, and about two
hundred and forty feet broad. The second is about one hundred and sixty
feet from the upper pool, four hundred and twenty-three feet in length,
about two hundred and forty in bresidth, and thirty-nine in depth. The
lower one, nearly two hundred and fifty feet from the middle pool, is five
hundred and eighty feet in length, about two hundred feet wide and fifty
feet deep.
These pools receive their supplies from a subterraneous fountain, some
distance up the valley. The water from these pools was formerly conveyed
in an aqueduct by Bethlehem, in a winding course, to Jerusalem; but at
present it only goes to Bethlehem. These pools are supposed to have been
built by Solomon. From this point we continued our course over rocky
ridges, following a narrow, winding trail, till we reached Bethlehem, the
birthplace of our Savior.
This city is pleasantly situated upon a mountain ridge, the slopes ot
which are terraced with rows of fig and olive trees, rising one above another
in regular gradation. The population of Bethlehem is about three thou-
sand, principally Christians. The Church of the Nativity is about the only
attraction. We entered it and followed a winding staircase to the Grotto ol
the Nativity, which is brilliantly lighted with about thirty silver lamps, kept
continually burning. The floor is laid with precious marbles. A white
marble slab, placed in the pavement, set around with jasper, in the centre
of which is a silver sun, is encircled with the following words: Hio de Vir-
536 SUPPLEMENT.
gine Maria Jesus Christus Natus Est., i.e., "Here Jesus Christ was born
of the Virgin Mary." Though we had scruples respecting this being the
identical spot it represented, still these words, in connection with the pecu-
liar circumstances around, produced impressions never to be forgotten.
Near by was pointed out the place where the wise men stood while pre-
senting the Royal Infant myrrh and frankincense. A little distant from
this we were shown an altar, which is said to indicate the place where
twenty thousand children, murdered by Herod's order, were buried; now
called, on this account, "The Altar of the Innocents." A painting directly
over it represents the massacre.
We were conducted into a retired, solitary niche of this church, almost
devoid of light, the identical Studio of St. Jerome, where he spent most of
his life in deep study and produced those works which gave celebrity to his
name.
Before leaving Bethlehem it was considered policy to employ a
Bedouin sheik, as security against these barbarians, who inhabit the moun-
tains through which we were to pass. These Bedouins chiefly live in tents,
their flocks and herds constituting their principal means of support. Their
dress is plain and rather primitive — a flowing skirt or gown and a scanty
undergarment of coarse calico fastened around the waist by a leather belt,
ornamented with rows of cartridges in brass tubes; to these are added a
long-barreled shotgun, with flintlock, slung over the shoulder, and knife
stuck in the belt. This wandering people cultivate the soil to some extent.
In passing over the mountains of Judea, we sometimes saw enclosed
patches of cultivated ground near their camps, and many flocks of sheep
and goats feeding in the glens and upon the adjacent mountains. Tourists
are not safe in traveling through their country unless accompanied by some
of their own people.
We stopped to lunch in an olive orchard, a short distance from
Bethlehem, an enclosure called "The Shepherds' Field," where the
sheplierds watched their flocks by night, when the angels appeared to
them announcing the grand and glorious event of our Savior's incarna-
tion.
From here our route was over a rocky, tortuous path, through the wil-
derneta of Judea, scarcely a tree, shrub or bush to be seen in any direction.
The whole country is barren and rocky, herbage here and there sufiicient
only for the sustenance of sheep and goats. The mountain scenery
was beautiful and sublime; occasionally I stopped my horse upon a lofty
summit to gaze upon the surrounding scenery, a vast wilderness of moun-
tains in an endless variety of form and size. Towards evening we arrived
at the Convent of Mar Saba, about ten miles from Bethlehem. We
SUPPLEMENT. , 537
descended a broad, paved staircase to a small platform in front of the
massive walls, in which was a small iron door. We were closely watched
by a singular looking friar, peeping through a loophole overliead. Present-
ing our letter of introduction from the Greek authorities at Jerusalem,
which was scrupulously examined, we were admitted and conducted
through the building by the presiding friar, a tolerably good looking and
intelligent gentleman.
This convent, in some respects, is the most singular and extraordinary
building in Palestine. It is situated in the midst of the wilderness where
John the Baptist commenced his ministry. It is built upon the side of a
terrific ravine, and consists of irregular massive walls, towers, chambers and
chapels, built upon narrow rock teiTaces and precipices, advantage being
taken of natural caves and grottos in the rocks and sides of the cliffs, inso-
much that we could scarcely tell, as we passed along the narrow galleries
and flights of stairs, what was natural and what artificial; the ravine is
several hundred feet deep, the side of it covered from top to bottom with
these natural and artificial works, woven imperceptibly one into another,
forming a fortress of immense strength. It is considered one of the richest
convents in Palestine; and the strictest precaution and watching are
observed to prevent the wild Bedouins, who are constantly hovering in the
vicinity, from entering and carrying off its treasures. St. Saba, the founder
of this convent, was born in the year 439. He was a man of remarkable
sanctity, and held in such high veneration that hq drew thousands of fol-
lowers to this desolate region. He had around him, at one time, fourteen
thousand people in this glen and its neighborhood. He died in this solitary
retreat, at the age of ninety-four years. We were shown his tomb in a
small, neat chapel, also an apartment containing a pile of skulls of monks
who had been martyred by the Persians, and a grotto where St. Saba spent
many years of his life, which, accoi-dihg to tradition, was originally a lion's
den. We saw a palm tree still flourishing, said to have been planted nearly
fourteen hundred years ago by St. Saba.
This convent belongs to the Greek Church. The monks are required to
observe the most rigid rules of abstinence and fasting, never allowed to eat
flesh, and strictly enjoined to allow no woman to enter their presence or
cross the threshold of their establishment. A small, peaceful tribe of Arabs,
residing in adjacent glens, are employed by t'lese friars to convey their food
and clothing from Jerusalem.
In a small, open square, they spread out upon the pavement their little
articles of traflic, consisting of beads, buttons, crosses, walking sticks, etc.,
inviting us to make investments. About seventy of these anchorites
live together in this building, where everything around exhibits an aspect
538 SUPPLEMENT.
of gloom and misery, iis might be expected wliere nature is interrupted
by the exclusion of the cheering, enlivening and happy influence of woman.
From Mar Saba we proceeded to our encampment, half a mile distant,
in a beautiful dell, encircled by stupendous mountains.
Tlio following day, having nine hours' ride before us, we started before
sunrise, our path extending over high,ibarren, rocky ridges, through a wild,
desolate region, skirting fearful ravines, and passing along the brink of
frightful chasms and precipices, occasionally catching a glimpse of the Dead
Sea, through breaks in the distant cliffs; at length we beheld the sacred
Plains of Jordan, and there, in full view, the Dead Sea, with its waters
sparkling beneath the bright and burning sun.
Having descended into the valley, while passing through a jungle of
tall cane and thorns, those of our party in front suddenly encountered a
band of armed Bedouins, whose fierce looks and threatening attitude
prompted them to turn back very hurriedly. Antonio, our dragoman,
immediately rushed up from the rear to ascertain the cause of interruption;
on his approach, the Bedouins concealed themselves among the cane and
bushes, except three, who stood tlieir ground defiantl3^ Antonio, some-
what excited, hurried the company rapidly through the jungle, then gal-
loped up to the three Bedouins, and, aided by his men, forced their arms
from them, and took them as trophies of victory to the Dead Sea. The
sheik being in the rear, and not appearing till the affray was nearly over,
some conjectured that he dictated the ruse; our subsequent acquaintance
with him, however, convinced us that this supposition did him injustice.
The Dead Sea is the most remarkable body of water in the world. It
is ten miles wide, forty in length — lying in a deep ravine, about thirteen
hundred feet below the level of the Mediterranean, enclosed by lofty clifls
of bare white and grey limestone. We stopped on the shore near where
the Jordan empties. We noticed here quantities of driftwood, which had
been accumulating for ages; but little else appeared except sterility, dreari-
ness and death-like solitude. We were informed that nothing was to be
found upon any of its borders exhibiting life except here and there where a
brackish fountain, or little streamlet from the mountain, produces a smalj
thicket of cane, willow and tamarisk. I think the water is more intensely
salt than that of any other body of water except Salt Lake. It contains
twenty-six per cent, of saline matter, which is sufficient to render it fatal
to animal life. It is as transparent as the water of the Mediterranean. Its
specific gravity is so great that the human body will not sink, and eggs
float when two-thirds immersed.
After spending some time in gratifying our curiosity and in experi-
menting on the bathing qualities of its waters, we left its dismal shores.
SUPrLEMENT. 539
steering across a flat, sterile plain, i-ome three miles distant, and stopped
under some willows on the banks of the sacred Jordan, near the place
where it is supposed the Israelites crossed, and where our Savior was, bap-
tized.
LETTER VIII.
Jordan River.— Sacred localities.— Fountain of Ehsha. — Brook Cherith.—
Plains of Jericho. — liethany. — Residence of Mary and Martha. — Tomb
of Lazarus. — Garden of (iethsemane. — Hill of evil counsel. — Mizpah. —
Valley of Jehoshaphat.— Absalom's Pillar. — Mosque of Omar. — Solo-
mon's Temple. — Mount Moriah. — Worship of Moloch. — Place of
Lamentation.
Palestine, March 6th, 1873,
Editor Deseret News:
Our visit, to the river Joi"dan was interesting. As we drank of its sweet
and refreshing waters and washed in its sacred stream, our thoughts and
reflections recurred to the days of childhood, when we were accustomed to
peruse the Holy Scriptures describing the important events which trans-
pired in this locality — the passage of the Israelites when the channel
became dry, as the priests, bearing upon their shoulders the sacred ark,
stepped into the flowing stream: the dividing of the waters by Elijah when
he passed over the dry bed and was taken up into heaven from the plain on
the opposite side by a whirlwind; and Elisha, as he returned, took the
mantle of Elijah that fell from him, and smote the waters, saying, "Where
is the Lord God of Elijah?" thus making the third time the Jordan wi\s
divided. But another event of much deeper interest is associated with this
place — the baptism of our Savior, referred to in the following language:
"John came preaching in the wilderness of Judea, and Jesus came Irom
Galilee to Jordan to be baptized of him;" and we were at or near the iden-
tical point where all these memorable events had taken place, standing
upon the bank, looking down into the glen, and bathing in the same
stream which had borne silent witness of these sublime occurrences.
This stream of Biblical history flows through a glen varying from two
hundred to six hundred yards in width, and from fifty to one hundred and
fifty feet in depth below the surrounding plain. The bottom of the glen is
sprinklai liere and there with slirubs; tiimarisk. oleander and willows grow
540 SUPPLEMENT.
on the banks of the stream, which are generally very steep. The Jordan
varies in width from eighty to one hundred and fifty feet, with a depth often
of ten or twelve feet. It flows through the Sea of Galilee; from the great
fountain at Dan, to where it empties into the Dead Sea, its distance in a
direct line is ninety-two miles. The Sea of Galilee is about six hundred feet
higher than the mouth of the Jordan, and sixty miles distant. This river
has a rapid current, making it dangerous to bathers unacquainted with the
stream. A gentleman from New York, who joined us at JafRi, stated that
on his previous tour to Palestine, while bathing here, he was suddenly car-
ried down by the force of the current, and at the last moment was saved by
a dexterous and extraordinary effort of his dragoman.
A singular custom prevails among the Christian churches of Palestine
— that of bathing in the Jordan every year at Easter. They gather in mul-
titudes, putting themselves under the protection of a Turkish escort, headed
by the Governor of Jerusalem or his deputy, to protect them from the
Bedouin robbers. Starting from the "Holy City," traveling on foot and
upon mules, donkeys and camels, through the wild, mountain regions of
Judea, they cross the Plains of Jordan, and on reaching its sacred stream,
rush indiscriminately into the flowing waters, young and old, men and
women, regardless of propriety or even decency. Through this ceremony
they anticipate peculiar favors and heavenly blessings.
Having sufficiently examined the Jordan and its surroundings, we pro,
ceeded across the plains, making our encampment at the Fountain of Elisha,
near the ruins of Jericho. This fountain consists of several small springs
which flow from beneath a large mound. These are the famous waterg
which were healed by Elisha, as spoken of in Scripture. A stream flows
from them of considerable size, which waters a portion of the Plain of
Jericho. The Valley of the Jordan, in the direction we crossed, is about
ten miles in width, possessing a rich soil, and with proper tillage could be
made abundantly productive. A great portion of it, however, is a dreary,
desolate region. Some parts of the valley watered by the Brook Cherith
and the stream issuing from Elisha's Fountain are covered with lotus trees,
interspersed with willows and a prolific growth of weeds. Some distance
from these water courses, the trees and shrubbery are more thinly scattered
whicli viewed in the distance resemble an immense park, beautiful and
picturesque. These plains were formerly celebrated for their richness and
fertility — their palm groves and luxuriant gardens, producing honey and
balm, reckoned the most fertile region of Judea. Now nothing of this kind
remains. The Plains of Jericho were formerly considered the garden of
Palestine; their aspect now is strangely different, nothing is seen but small
fields of grain intermixed with thorny bush.
SUPPLEMENT. 541
A small village, occupied by Arabs, is the only modern representative
of the ancient Jericho. The houses are formed of stone walls, built up
loosely without mortar; the roofs flat and covered with brush and gravel;
the yai-ds and wretched patches of gardens are enclosed by winrows con-
structed of the bows of thorns; the walls of the village, to protect its shift-
less inhabitants from the raids of the Bedouins, are made of the same
material. In riding througli this disgustingly filthy town, we were lustily
cheered by some dozen dirty, half-naked children, collectal for this pur-
pose, but more particularly for backsheesh (money). Sheep, children,
goats, women and men, all indiscriminately huddled together, and no doubt
this people deserved tlie profligate character given them, i. e., similar to
that of Sodom and Gomorrah.
In the evening, some twenty Bedouins appeared in our camp, equipped
and prepared to amuse us by their accomplishments in music and dancing,
for the purpose of laying claims to our backsheesh. We considered it
policy to accept the ofier; accordingly we took seats before our tents. They
posted themselves in a standing line immediately fronting us, each having a
short sword girded under a ragged mantle, all scantily and shabbily clad»
making rather a primitive appearance. They commenced their singular
manoeuvres by dodging forward and back, at the same moment clapping
their hands, accompanied with rapid stepping of the feet and a strange
chant, occasionally making a whizzing, thrilling whoop, the like of which
was never heai-d but from the throat of a Bedouin, their chief standing in
front, twirling and flourishing a naked sword in the faces of his comrades,
keeping time with their fantastic motions, stoppings, chantings and whoop-
ings, occasionally turning suddenly, making the whole exceedingly
impressive by flourishing the naked blade close to our faces. The drift of
their songs, we were told, was highly flattering to the ladies and compli-
mentary to the gentlemen — the former for their extraordinary beauty, the
latter for their anticipated liberality in bestowing backsheesh. We took the
hint, and recollecting several robberies and murders which had occurred in
the vicinity, we paid them for this wretched entertainment, constantly
adding more, until we excited their admiration. We retired to our tents,
reflecting on the strange difference between the present occupants of this
locality and those who inhabited it when Prophets converted bitter springs
into sweet fountains, and smote impetuous streams, piling up their waters
on either side, and walked through on dry ground.
The following morning, after breakfasting and drinking the sweet waters
of the Fountain of Elisha, we left the Plains of Jericho, and ascended into
a wild, rocky, mountainous region, our path lying along the brink of the
most sublime ravine of Palestine. It is many hundred feet deep, where bu*-
542 SUPPLEMENT.
little else is seen than precipices of naked rocks, containing here and there
a gi'otto seemingly inaccessible to anything but eagles; yet we were
informed that these solitary caves were once occupied by hermits, some of
whom reduced their bodies to a condition that four raisins per day supplied
the cravings of appetite. Down to an immense depth, we discovered a
small stream tumbling over the rocks, which we were told was the "Brook
Cherith, that is before Jordan," where tlie Prophet Elijah was fed by
ravens, while the famine prevailed in Palestine.
We stopped for lunch under the shade of some crumbling walls and
pointed arches, where our generous sheik left us, his services being no
longer requiral. Before leaving, he inscribed, in beautiful Arabic, his
official name in my journal. Mounting our horses, we soon reached
Bethany, situated about two miles from Jerusalem. Its location is pleasant
and romantic, being built on the eastern slope of Mount Olivet, partially
surrounded by steep hills, encircled by old, decayed terraces, supporting a
few scattered fig and olive trees. It is a poor, miserable village, with nar-
row, filthy streets; the whole presenting a dismal appearance, yet a place of
sacred interest. Here dwelt the sisters, Mary and Martha, with Lazarus
their brother. Here Christ raised Lazarus from the tomb and presented
him alive to his weeping sisters. Here, too, was the house of Simon the
leper, in which Mary anointed Jesus with precious ointment and wiped his
feet with her hair. The sites of these events are still pointed out — the
house of Simon, that of Mary and Martha and the tomb of Lazarus. The
latter is a deep vault, partly excavated in the rock and partly lined with
masonry. We stopped our horses at the front of the entrance. This opens
on a winding staircase leading to a small chamber, whence a few steps
more lead to a small vault in which the body is said to have been placed.
We made but a short stay in this village, much to the disappointment
of a crowd of dirty, ragged customers, who clamored fearfully for back-
sheesh.
As we approached Jerusalem, we descended a steep hill, down a rocky,
winding, shelvy path, past an immense cemetery and the Garden of Geth-
semane, with its ornamenUil trees, gravel walks, flowers and shrubbery,
then around the towering battlements of Jerusalem, and soon reached our
encampment, well pleasal with our three days' excursion.
I was much interested in the topographical appearance of the country
around about Jerusalem. The city is situated on a broad mountainous
ridge, between the two valleys of Hinnom and Kedron. All around, from
one to three miles distant, are loftier summits, consisting of irregular,
broken ridges, varying from fifty to two hundred feet above the buildings of
the city. They slope down, forming into small plains, low valleys, and
SUPPLEMENT. 543
steep, rugged ravines, presenting a panoramic view, beautiful and sublime.
Along the western liorizon runs a long range of hills, about the same height
as that on which the city stands.
On the south, some distance from the city, is the "Hill of Evil Coun-
cil," where it is said Caiaphas had a housi3 where the priests and elders met
to compass the destruction of Jesus; it is now covered with the ruins of
some village. Northwards, rising conspicuously in the distance, is "Neby
Samuel," the ancient Mizpeh, which is distinguished by its high towers.
On the east, about half a mile from the city walls, the Mount of Olives rises
from the Valley of Jehoshaphat, olive trees ornamenting its slopes, its sum-
mit crowned by a mosque, with its high tapering minaret. Some portions
of these hills show little else but white rocks projecting from the soil, which
is almost as white as the rocks themselves; others arc covered with fields
of gi'ain, and fig and olive orchards.
The plateaus and vales are generally cultivated, and covered with
herbage and fig and olive trees. The ravines, especially the Hinnom and
Kedron, in places are so steep and rugged that nothing is seen, scarcelj',
but a few olive trees here and there, growing upon narrow terraces built
upon the rocks and cliffs. The summit of tlie Mount of Olives rises several
hundred feet above the city, affordj^ig one of the most commanding views
of Jerusalem and its surroundings.
I ascended this mountain, and obtained a favorable position upon the
highest point on its summit, spent a happy hour surveying the "Holy City,"
its environs, and the endless objects of rare and sacred interest which
formed the magnificent scenery around. Through the olive trees along the
declivity could be discerned the white top of "Absalom's Pillar," and the
grey excavated cliffs of Siloam; the high walls of Jerusalem appeared with
their square towers; the Mosque of Omar, with its magnificent dome in the
centre, occupying tlie site ot Araunah's threshing floor, and Solomon's
Temple, around it a gnvssy area, the whole encircled by olive and cypress
trees; the two domes and the strong square tower of the Church of the
Sepulchre, the massive towers of the citadel standing upon the Hill of Zion;
in the distance a long line of high hills, and low broken ranges of moun-
tains, with intervening vales, plateaus and wild ravines — the whole forming
a marvelous picture of varied beauty and magnificence.
It is astonishing, the number of cemeteries we observed around about
Jerusalem. It is truly said, that the "tombs" of the "Holy City" are more
numerous than its buildings. Nearly every hill and valley is studded more
or less with these monuments.
The slopes of Mount Moriah and Mount Olivet, and portions of the
tieep valleys of Hinx:om and Jehoshaphat, form exclusive burying places.
544 SUPPLEMENT.
In viewing the multitude of tombs iti tlie rocks and cliffs along the ravines
of Hinnom, we were forcibly reminded of the prophecy of Jeremiah:
"They shall bury in Tophet till there be no place. They have built the
high places of Tophet, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn
their sons and daughters in the fire."
Here, at the bottom of the defile, amid its clifts and rocky steeps and
gloomy scenes, the Israelites performed tiie worship of Moloch, alluded to
by Jeremiah. These heathen rites consisted in making a burnt offering of
children in the following manner: A statue of Moloch was erected of
gigantic proportions, consisting of brass, in the form of a man's body, with
a head like that of an ox. The interior was hollow, in which was con-
structed a large furnace, by which means the whole statue could easily be
made red hot. The children to be sacrificed were then placed in its arms,
while drums were beaten to drown their cries. It is asserted, however
strange it may appear, that Solomon was the first who formally introduced
these fearful practices, though previous to this they had been performed
odcasionally by the Israelites.
Seeing no lake, pond, stream, rivulet, nor scarcely a living well or
fountain in or around Jerusalem, we naturally inquired how its inhabitants'
especially its former dense population, were supplied with water. We were
informed that within the walls of Jerusalem living wells and fountains, at
present, were comparatively unknown. Three small fountains, in the lower
part of the valley of Jehoshapbat, are said to be the only waters that can be
depended upon in the region around.
The city is chiefl}' supplied by means of its cisterns, every house of any
importance having one or more of these, so arranged tliat the winter rains
can be conducted into them, by means of pipes and ducts, from the roofe
and court yards. With suitable care the water in them can be preserved
pure and sweet during the whole summer. Besides these private cisterns,
there are many public tanks, pools and reservoirs in the city and suburbs.
We saw the ruins of aqueducts, cisterns and immense tanks, which showed
that in former periods great attention and a vast amount of labor had been
employed to secure supplies of water.
In every quarter of the site of the ancient city numerous reservoirs and
cisterns are discovered — some of immense capacity, excavated in solid rock;
others, formed upon the flat surface of the rock, built up around with stones
thickly lined with cement. One of these subterranean reservoirs was dis-
covered eighty feet below the surrounding surface. Subterranean aqueducts
lead in various directions from the cisterns, frequently formed in the solid
rock, extending many hundred yards. How these numerous cisterns were
aupplied is still a great mystery. Some imagine it was effected by conduits
SUPPLEMENT. 545
connecting with secret springs and fountains a long distance beyond
the city.
The Jewish rabbi, with whom we conversed, stated that many springs
and fountains which formerly supplied the inhabitants of Jerusalem, had
long since ceased to flow, but he expected the time was near when they
would be revived into living waters.
Jerusalem occupies but a small space — its walls are but a little over two
miles in circumference. Its population has been variously estimated; the
following particulars I believe are tolerably authentic: Jews, nine thousand;
Mohammedans, five thousand; Christians, about four thousand, making a
total of eighteen thousand.
The political and financial condition of the Jewish population is not
very flattering or prosperous. The people are generally poor and oppressed,
without means or opportunity of improving their circumstances. They
receive large contributions from Europe and America, to aid in objects of
charity, and in making small improvements in the way of public buildings.
In our interview with the chief rabbi, we learned that foreign influence
is operating, in a small measure, in their favor toward softening the feelings
and moderating the rules of the Turkish authorities; that they are allowed
to purchase and hold title to real estate; but they have no money to expend
in this direction, and if they had it would be discouraging under the present
system of taxation. All kinds of property are heavily taxed, and all pri-
vate and public enterprise is discouraged. A direct tax is levied on persons,
cattle, land and fruit trees; tobacco and silk pay about forty-two cents per
pound, and all other articles eight per cent., either in kind or money.
Near where the Temple formerly stood, is a small paved area where the
Jews have been permitted, during many centuries, to approach the pre-
cincts of the site of the Temple of their forefathers, and lament and wail
over the ruins, and the desolation of their nation and sanctuary. In this
retired locality, each Fridaj^, Jews of both sexes, of all ages, and from every
quarter of the world, are seen weeping, bathing the stones with their tears,
and lifting up their voices in loud lamentation. No one can witness this
scene without being touched with feelings of the deepest sympathy, and the
poet may well say:
"Oh, weep for those that wept by Babel's stream,
Whose shrines are desolate, whose land a dream;
Weep for the harp of Judah's broken spell,
Mourn— where their God hath dwelt, the godless dwell ! ''
LoEENzo Snow.
546 SUPPLEMENT.
LETTER IX.
The Stone of Unction. — The Holy Sepulchre.— The Chapel of the Angel. —
Hill of Calvary.— The hole in which the Cross was planted.— House of
Pilate. — "Behold the Man!" — The true Cross. — A terrible Massacre. —
Turkish Guards. — Christianity despised by Jews and Mohammedans. —
Farewell to Jerusalem. ^ Gala day. — Arab Agriculture. — Shechem. —
Ferocious People. — The Olive. — "Samaria.
Palestine, March 8th, 1873.
Editor Deseret News:
Among the variety of objects which claimed our attention while at
Jerusalem, was the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. It is an extensive
building, with a host of sacred relics and holy places, grouped together
within a few yards of one another; among others, the place of the Savior's
crucifixion; the spot where His body was anointed for burial; where the
Virgin stood and witnessed the crucifixion; the place where His body was
wrapped in linen clothes; the rent in the rock produced by the earthquake;
the place where the soldiei-s cast lots for His raiment; the column to which
He was bound when scourged; the place where He was stripped by the
soldiers; and the prison in which He was incarcerated previous to being led
to the place of crucifixion, etc.
In front of this building is a small area, occupied by a sort of bazar for
the sale of sacred relics, and used also as a place of gathering for all classes
of pilgrims. Within this building, near the door, surrounded by a low rail-
ing, is the Stone of Unction, which consists of a marble slab, on which the
body of the Savior is said to have been anointed for the burial. This, we
were told, however, is not the real stone, as that was concealed underneath
to prevent dev(Jut pilgrims from carrying it off or wearing it away by con-
stant kissing, as was the case with the bronze toe at St. Peter's, Rome.
Several lamps are suspended over this sacred spot, and kept constantly
burning.
We proceeded to the apartment appropriated to the Holy Sepulchre,
twenty-six feet long by eighteen broad, ornamented by a dome. We
entered first a small apartment called the Chapel of the Angel, where it is
said he sat upon the stone which had been rolled away from the door of the
SUPPLEMENT. 547
sepulchre. A portion of this stone stands upon a low pedestal, though it is
asserted that the real stone was stolen by the Armenians, and is now exhib-
ited in their chapel. From this apartment a low narrow door opens into
the vault of the sepulchre. It has a dome roof sustained by short marble
columns. The place where the Savior's body is said to have lain, is covered
by a marble slab, considerably worn at the edges by the continued kissing
of pilgrims. A large number of gold and silver lamps are suspended over
it, and kept constantly burning. It is fitted up as an altar; above it are
costly gifts, thickly set with precious stones, presented, by different sovereigns
of Europe.
A Greek priest was officiating when we entered, who signified his
recognition of our presence by scattering sweet perfumery in great abun-
dance over our persons. All pilgrims were sprinkled in like manner, who
were constantly crowding in upon their hands and knees, kissing the cold
marble, sobbing and bathing it with their tears. This is said to have been
hewn in the rock, but we could see no rock — the floor, tomb and walls are
all marble.
We ascended a flight of steps leading to an apartment or small chapel
which is said to cover the Hill of Calvary. Here was shown a rent or hole
in the rock, as that in which stood the cross while the Savior hung upon it.
Many other places were shown, which it is needless to mention. After leav-
ing this building, we went to the House of Pilate, which is said to occupy the
same locality as that of the Roman governor; we saw but little, however, to
satisfy us of the identity of the Judgment Hall. We came to a building
said to cover the place where Jesus came forth wearing the purple robe and
crown of thorns, when Pilate exclaimed to the people. "Behold the man!"
The place was pointed out where the Savior sank under the weight of the
cross, when Simon the Cyrenian was compelled to take it up, and bear it
after Him; also the spot where Veronica appeared with a napkin to wipe
the sweat off the Savior's brow, when His portrait was miraculously
impressed upon it. This pretended relic is preserved as one of the chief
in the Basilica of St. Peter's at Rome.
Religious enthusiasts of opposite sects vied with each other in search-
ing out relics, and places to be reverenced and adored by people of their
respective persuasions, performing pilgrimages to the Holy Land, their zeal,
in some instances, carrying them beyond the bounds of honesty, to prac-
tising deceit and imposition. Many of these places had been remaining for
centuries beneath the gradual accumulations of debris, and could net be
identified, either by history or tradition; consequently, divine intimations
were sought, miraculous tests applied, and other methods resorted to in
order to establish their claims to genuineness.
548 SUPPLEMENT.
Helena, the mother of Constantine, when ahout eighty yeare old, in
the fourth century, is said to have been divinely impressed to proceed to
Jerusalem and make sacred discoveries — to search out the true cross, the
holy sepulchre, and other relics and localities connected with the cruci-
fixion of the Savior. Accordingly she went to Jerusalem and, enlisting the
services of the inhabitants, instituted a search for the cross of the Savior.
Digging through the debris, some twenty feet or more, at length three
crosses were discovered, together with the tablet, the nails and crown of
thorns. The tablet or inscription, "This is Jesus the King of the Jews,"
being separated from the crosses, therefore the true cross could not be iden-
tified. At last a remedy was discovered. A lady of qualit}- was confined
upon her bed in Jerusalem, of a fiital disease. The three crosses were suc-
cessively presented to her; the two firet without effect, but on the approach
of the third, she sprang from her dying couch perfectly restored. Thus the
identity of the true cross was established. The pillar to which Christ is said
to have been bound when He was scourged, is carefully secured, that it may
not be stolen by pilgrims, who are only permitted to touch it with a small,
round stick, some four feet long or more, kept for this purpose. The stick,
after having one end put in contact with the sacred relic, is then kisged by
the pilgrims with great fervor and vehemence. While present we witnessed
many instances of this fervent and striking devotion.
We visited the reputed Garden of Gethsemane, which belongs to the
Latin Church. An oj)position one has recently been established by the
Greek Church. As soon as the trees have sufficiently grown, and other
fixtures remained long enough to impart an ancient and venerable appear-
ance, it will then be exhibited to devout pilgrims as the r&al, genuine Gar-
den of Gethsemane.
The low, sunken condition of Christianity in Jerusalem is pretty clearly
illustrated in the following description of scenes enacted in the Church of
the Holy Sepulchre. On Easter eve, each successive year, it is pretended
that holy fire descends from heaven, lighting up all the lamps in the Holy
Sepulchre. On this occasion multitudes of enthusiastic pilgrims are as-
sembled from every quarter of the globe, awaiting with burning anxiety to
participate in its benefits, and to receive its holy influences. Just before
the prescribed moment for this miraculous descent, the Greek Patriarch
enters the tomb, alone, and presently gives out, through a hole in the wall,
the holy fire, to the eager and excited multitude.
In former years all the churches participated in the performance of
these rite^, but latterly have desisted, one after another, till, at present, this
practice is continued only by the Greek Church, At these extraordinary
scenes, very serious accidents frequently occur — old men and women
SUPPLEMENT. 549
crushed and trampled to pieces, or perhaps quarrels arise between rival
sects, resulting in shooting and stabbing one another. In 1834,
deplorable and fearful scenes were enacted in that sacred building.'
While the church was crowded with Christian pilgrims, a contention
arose, in which the Turkish guards engaged; the confusion soon became
general, and directly grew into a terrible battle. The scene of horror
cannot be described. Numbers were bayoneted or knocked down with the
butt ends of muskets, and their blood and brains scattered upon the wall
and pavement, each seeming intent to destroy his fellow, or save himself
from immediate destruction. Many were pulled down and trampled to
death while endeavoring to escape from the building. When order was
restored, the dead were lying in heaps around, and even upon the Stone of
Unction the bodies of the dead were piled up, and in some places the
wounded and dead were thrown together promiscuously, one upon another,
five feet high or more.
The Turkish government is obliged to keep a guard constantly watch-
ing at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, to prevent these contentions and
fightings between the rival Christian churches.
These contradictions, contentions and impositions by the rival Christian
sects, in Jerusalem, render the Christian religion a subject of scorn and
contempt, both to the Jews and Mohammedans, and it is certainly a matter
of serious regret that, in this enlightened age of Christianity, such things
should exist in this saered locality where our holy religion was established,
and our Savior martyred .
Syria, March IItii, 1873.
Leaving Jerusalem, we ascend by a steep, rocky, winding path to the
commanding heights of Mount Scopus, where, turning backward, we take
a long, lingering look at the "Holy City" — its noble domes, its high, taper-
ing minarets, and its surrounding mountains. We descend the mountain
into a naked, desolate region, our path lying over rocky plateaus, through
deep ravines, and over barren hills covered with loose stones and sharp
rocks. A small village is seen away to our left on a lofty hill, flags and
streamers flying, guns firing, and groups of men and women gaily attired, in
open air, rejoicing in the dance. We pass several towns perched among
the gray rocks, on the mountain slopes, or crowning the summits of high
hills, also several sites of ancient towns overspread with ruins. Sterility and
barrenness form the general features of the country. The trees are few,
gnarled and stunted, here and there sticking out from rents and holes in the
rocks, and broken, decayed terraces, and still clinging to the clifl&.
The second day we found the hills and glens less ruggetl, the country
550 SUPPLEMENT.
improving in general appearance, the soil more fertile and better cultivated.
We passed through many winding valleys with landscape beautiful and pic-
turesque, the hills terraced from base to summit, supporting vines, fig and
olive trees, the scenery enlivened by wild flowers, bright and gay, springing
up from the greeii, luxuriant herbage. The Arab is seen with his primitive
plow and diminutive oxen, breaking up his ground; a Bedouin on his fleet
gteed, with his brass-bound gun suspended over his shoulder, galloping over
the hills; the Mussulman, with his wives and children, scantily dressed,
plucking the weeds from his patch of grain; peasants passing in their gay
dresses -of red and green; long strings of mules, donkeys and camels, wind-
ing along the tortuous path; the shepherd preceding his flock of sheep and
goals, leading them along the mountain slopes or standing with them clus-
tered around a favorite fountain.
We are now approaching Nablous, a modern town on the site of the
ancient Shechem, a name familiar to the Biblical reader. Clambering up
a steeji, rocky path, we arrive at the crest of a lofty ridge, where we enjoy
a lovely, romantic scene — the finest and most pleasing since leaving Jeru-
salem. Before us lies an undulating plain, stretching far away northward,
encircled by picturesque hills, no object on its surface to break the view;
around its borders are small groves of orange trees, and here and there
clumps and rows of olives, giving it the appearance of a European park.
The villages here as elsewhere, instead of being located on the plain, are,
for security, built on the crest of steep hills, or high up on the accli\dties.
The people we now meet appear different in character, manners and
dress from those occupying the country we have passed. They look
daring and ferocious, ready to commence hostilities on the slightest provo-
cation. Armed cap-a-pie with a flintlock shot-gun, a huge dagger sticking
in front of their girdle, pistols and a large knobheaded club, they seem
pleased in displaying these arms, and, judging from their sturdy, athletic
Appearance, I have no doubt they could employ them to great advantage.
We frequently met these fellows armed in this manner, driving along a
miserable looking, half-starved donkey, loaded probably with all they pos-
•essefl, except arms and shabb}' clothing. There is, however, a cause for
this oddity. A bloody feud, most likely, exists between one family and
some other family, which was commenced hundreds of years ago by their
ancestors. Some person was killed, and one of that person's family killed
another in return; then another wa^ killed in revenge, and thus it has con-
tinued until the present. Every member of the family is in danger, and
lives in dread — any moment the avenger of blood may pounce upon him.
Therefore he is armed at all hours and in all places — when leading his flocks
on the mountain, his donkey on the road, or when plowing in the field.
SUPPLEMENT. 651
ofttimes having to flee from house and home, and abide with strangers.
This fearful state of things arises from the following lawof the Koran: "O,
true believers, the law of retaliation is ordained to you for the slain — the
free shall die for the free." I suppose Mahomet drew this from the Old
Testament, but failed to make the corresponding merciful arrangements —
"cities of refuge."
The second night we camped in a lovely spot, in the suburbs of Nab-
lous. This city, known in Bible history as Shechem, possesses the most
charming and picturesque scenery of any site in Palestine. It is situated
along the base of Mount Gerizim, on the south side of a verdant valley,
sparkling with streams and fountains, and decorated with olive trees, gar-
dens and fruit orchards. The clifls, hills and mountain slopes, supporting
terraces, rising one above another in regular gradation, growing narrow
strips of waving grain, together with fig, olive and orange trees. The valley
is clothed in the richest foliage and vegetation. Viewed from different
points, the city, with its white-domed buildings, and its mosques and
towering minarets, presents a charming picture. Nablous contains eight
thousand inhabitants, only five hundred of whom are Christians. The
buildings are constructed chiefly of stone; in style and general appearance
they are similar to those in Jerusalem. The streets, as in all other towns
in Palestine, are narrow, crooked and extremely filthy. The houses project
over and cover them, being supported on arches. The inhabitants have the
reputation of mistreating strangers, especially ladies. Prompted by
curiosity, no doubt, they visited our tents by multitudes. In turn, we per-
ambulated their filthy city, experiencing no illtreatment.
In Shechem, as we learn from sacred history, Simeon and Levi avenged
the dishonor of their sister Dinah, by murdering the whole population of
the city, having first decoyed them into complete disability of defending
themselves. It was the first spot where Abraham pitched his tent in
Canaan — "Place of Shechem at the oak of Moreh." Jacob, also, on his
return from Mesopotamia, pitched his tent in this then pastoral region.
This is the place where Jacob sent his favorite son, Joseph, to look after his
brethren. "A certaiji man found him wandering in the field," and
directed him to Dothan, about twelve miles north, where they had removed.
Here Rehoboam was proclaimed king over all Israel; and not long after-
wards the ten tribes revolted, and made Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, king,
and established Shechem as the capital.
Soap, cotton and oil are the chief productions at Nablous. The olive is
extensively cultivated, and is seen around every village and hamlet
Clothed in midwinter, with their soft, gray foliage, they always impart
beauty and add an air of cheerfulness to the landscape. The olive is slow
552 SUPPLEMENT.
in its growth, requiring from twelve to fifteen years before it begins to pay
the expense of cultivation. It is long-lived — one thousand years and
upwards. The older ones have a remarkably venerable appearance, with
their great gnarled and furrowed stems, especially when representing the
last stages of life's decline. Usually the fruit ripens in November and
December, and is beaten off with long sticks, and gathered by women and
children, who carry it away in baskets on their heads to the press, where
the oil is extracted by an apparatus quite rude and primitive. The berries
are placed in a round cavity excavated in a rock, when a huge stone is
rolled over them by oxen or manual force. The pulp is bound up in mats,
placed under the press, which is forced down by a screw or heavy beam.
The liquor is partially heated, the oil is then skimmed and put into skins or
earthen jai-s.
From Nablous (Shechem) to Samaria, our next principal point, we
pass through a lovely country — over terraced hills, and winding through
partially cultivated valleys, with fields of grain two-thirds grown and
orchards of figs and apricots. Small villages are seen crowning summits
of distant hills or perched high up their rocky sides, seldom appearing in
the rich vales below.
Samaria contains about sixty buildings, with four hundred inhabitants.
It occupies a narrow, rocky plateau, midway up the side of the steep., lofty
hill. In the midst of a gentle shower, we rode up to the village through a
narrow, winding path, climbing over large boulders and forked, sloping,
conical, shelving and slippery rocks. Halting a few minutes, we then
ascended to the summit, on which is an open area, formerly surrounded by
columns, only a few of which are now standing. In descending the moun-
tain, we reached a place on its slope, covered with magnificent ruins — a
quantity of columns, some standing, others broken and lying in fragments
over the -ground. Sixty or more of these pillars, two feet in diameter,
eighteen in height, are standing without their capitals, deeplj' sunk in the
ground. It is supposed that these columns were designed to decorate the
principal street of the ancient city. Large quantities of hewn stone are
strewed around over the plowed fields and orchards in the valley below,
and piled into the terraces which partially encircle the hill.
In viewing these immense ruins, I was reminded of the fearful predic-
tion of Micah: "I will make Samaria as an heap of the field, and as
plantings of a vineyard, and I will pour down the stones thereof into the
valley, and I will discover the foundations thereof."
Lorenzo Snow.
SUPPLEMENT. " 553
LETTER X.
Famous Scripture locality.— Village of robbers.— Battlefield of Palestine.—
Mounts Tabor and Hernaon.- Nazareth.— The Holy Grotto.— Table of
Christ.— Arab plows.— Cana of Galilee.— Arab school.— Sea of Galilee.—
Tiberias.— Bedouin spinsters.— Residence of Mary Magdalene.— Sere-
naded by Bedouins. — Backsheesh.
Syria, March 15th, 1873.
Editor Deseret News:
Leaving Samaria, we wind up a rocky acclivity and pass through an
avenue of olive trees, to a smart looking village, located on a stor.y ridge.
Our road now lies over low hills covered with dwarf oak and hawthorn,
through rich valleys abounding in wheat fields, fig orchards and groves of
venerable olive trees, with gnarled and furrowed trunks, clothed with gray
foliage, and along over hills whose terraced sides are covered with vineyards.
Several villages are seen dotting the hill sides or crowning their lofty sum-
mits. We passed through some low, winding ravines. These are the passes
so often defended by the "ten thousands of Ephraim and thousands of
Mannasseh," against their northern invaders. In the midst of these hills,
the famous Gideon, the hero of Mannasseh, was nurtured and reared;
through these passes he marched at the head of his little army against the
Midianites, who were lying in nmltitudes in the Valley of Jezreel.
We passed a large village surrounded by olive groves. Its inhabitants
have a bad reputation. It is said that they will not miss an opportunity of
plundering the solitary traveler when found in the neighboring glens.
Friday, 7th, we camped at Jenin, interpreted "fountain of gardens."
It contains three thousand inhabitants, chiefly Mohammedans. The town
is charmingly situated, commanding a view of the great Plain of Esdraelon.
The low hills behind are overspread by shrubbery, with here and there
patches of olives. Around the town the landscape is clothed in rich verdure,
variegated with flowers of brilliant colors; also fine gardens encircled by
hedges of cactus of immense growth, and palm trees here and there raising
their graceful heads. The Plain of Esdraelon, the famous battlefield of
Palestine, stretches far away, from fifteen to twenty miles to the base of the
mountains, below Nazareth, on one side enclosed by the hills of Galilee, on
the other by the mountains of Samaria, the whole forming one vast,
unbroken expanse of verdure. In all this plain, not a village or hamlet
554 SUPPLEMENT,
appears, though they are seen dotting the slopes of the surroundmg
hills, or perched on their rocky summits. Long strings of Bedouin tents
are here and there strung along its borders, and numerous flocks and herds
are fattening on its luxuriant herbage.
Several fierce looking Arabs visited our tents in the evening, whose
appearance failed to impress us favorably respecting their future intentions;
our guards occasionally fired a gun during the night, indicating their
presence and preparation for defense. The following morning we passed
over the Plain of Esdraelon. We now have a view of Mount Tabor, dotted
with oaks from base to summit, and Mount Hermon, panoplied in snow.
After descending a steep, rocky ridge, we wind through a dreary glen,
opening into the valley of Nazareth. We rode through the crooked, filthy
and narrow streets of the city of Nazareth, and pitched our tents near its
borders. The town is located in narrow ravines, and on the narrow, rocky
declivities by which they are separated. A little valley opens out before it,
about one mile long and one-half mile in breadth, engirdled by high, bleak
hills. The valley is divided into small, plowed field?, in the centre of which
are patches of gardens, enclosed by hedges of cactus.
The Franciscan convent is the most prominent structure, then a
mosque with its white tapering minaret looms up from among the low
buildings. The city contains four thousand inhabitants, the larger portion
of whom are Christians.
Nazareth is remarkable for being the home of the Savior's boyhood —
the scenes of his private life. Many objects and places are shown, associated
with the Virgin and the Savior — the "Holy Grotto," where the angel
announced to Mary that she was favored of the Highest: the "Workshop of
Joseph," in which Jesus worked; the "Table of Christ," etc., but having
little faith in their identity, I waive description.
We remained over Sunday, and next morning pursued our way, leading
over some fine valleys under moderate cultivation. Arabs were plowing the
fields. Their plows, and mode of using them, are remarkably simple and
primitive. This instrument consists of a crooked stick, four inches in
diameter, shod with iron six inches wide, tapered to a point, a wooden peg
through the top forming the handle. In the middle of this stick, the end
of a small round pole is fastened, the opposite end is attached to the yoke
by strings or ropes. The yoke is formed by a short, straight pole, with bows
partly of wood and partly of ropes. It is placed upon the necks of two
dwarfed, "wretched oxen or cows, the size of our ordinary yearlings. In one
hand the Arab holds the handle of his plow, in the other flourishes a long
stick, by virtue of which the machine is put in motion, and its velocity
regulated. It works into the soil about four inches, breaking the same in
SUPPLEMENT. 555
breadth. The land, under this mode of cultivation, will yield, per acrOi
probably six or eight bushels. Under proper management, it would produce
five times the amount.
We stopped at an Arab village, known in Bible history as Cana of
Galilee, consisting of a few low, dirty dwellings. We dismounted and
entered a small, miserable structure, called a chapel, containing some old
stone pots, which once, as we were informed, contained the water which
Jesus converted into wine, at the wedding. Withdrawing from this place of
relics, I entered a hall some fifteen feet in length by thirteen in breadth,
divested of door and windows, occupied by Arab children as a schoolroom.
Some thirty or forty boys, seated in rows upon the ground, each with a small
tablet, covered with characters, were chanting their lessons very loud and
with remarkable energy. This chanting and repeating together is the usual
method adopted by the Arab teacher in instructing "the young idea how to
shoot," it being maintained that it fixes more indelibly the principle in the
memory. However this may be, I am certain the chanting scene was
strikingly impressed on my memory, and the picturesque appearance and
noisy characteristics of an Arab school cannot be forgotten.
At length we reach the summit of a lofty mountain and look abroad on
the vale of Gennesareth, and down one thousand feet upon the Sea of
Galilee, whose surging waves were once stilled, and the howling tempest
silenced, by the voice of the Savior. Descending the steep declivity, we
spread our tents among some old ruins, rent walls, and crumbling towers,
directly upon the shore. The effects of the great earthquake of 1837 are
everywhere distinctly visible.
The Sea of Galilee is about fifteen miles long, from six to seven
broad, though, owing to the remarkable clearness of the atmosphere, it looks
much smaller. It occupies the bottom of a deep basin, the sides of which
shelve down with gradual slopes from the summits of the surrounding hills.
On one side, these hills or mountains rise nearly two thousand feet, inter-
sected by deep ravines. The Joi-dan flows into it from the east, and passes
out at the south. It is about seven hundred feet above the level of the Dead
Sea, into which the Jordan empties, after accomplishing a remarkably
serpentine tour through the valley which bears its name. I here introduce
from the pen of my sister:
AT THE SEA OF GALILEE.
I have stood on the shore of the beautiful sea.
The renowned and immortalized Galilee,
When 'twas wrapped in repose, at eventide,
Like a royul queen in her regal pride.
556 SUPPLEMENT.
No sound v/as astir — not a murmuring wave —
Not a motion was seen but the tremulous lave,
A gentle heave, of the water's cresi —
As the infant breathes on its mother's breast.
I thought of the present — the past; it seemed
That the silent sea with instruction teemed;
For often, indeed, the heart can hear
What never, ia sound, has approached the ear.
Full oft has silence been riclily fraught
With treasures of wisdom and stores of thought;
With sacred, heavenly whisperings, too.
That are sweeter than roses, and honey dew.
There's a depth in the soul, that's beyond the reach
Of all earthly sound — of all human speech,
A fiber too sacred and pure to chime
With the cold, dull music of Earth and Time.
'Tis the heart's receptacle, naught can supply
But the streams that flow from the fount on high.
An instinct divine, of immortal wortli,
An inherited gift, through primeval birth.
* :■; *- » *
Again, when the shades of night were gone,
In the clear bright rays of the morning dawn,
I walked on the bank of this self-same sea,
Where once our Redeemer was wont to be.
Where, "Lord save, or I perish," was Peter's prayer;
Befitting the weak and the faithless else?\rhere .
And here, while admiring this Scriptural sea,
Th' bold vista of Time brought th' past up to me.
Embossed with events when the Prince of Life
Endured this world's hatred, its envy and strife;
When, in Him, the Omnipotent was revealed,
And, by Him, the wide breach of the law was healed.
The gates He unbarred, and led the way.
Through the shadow of death to the courts of day;
And "led captivity captive" when
"He ascended on high, and gave gifts unto men."
DamA-SCUs, Syria, March 17th, 1873.
SUPPLEMENT. 55
We are tented in the suburbs of Tiberias, which is a small village of
two thousand inhabitants. It numbers eight hundred Jews, poor, sickly-
looking and friendless, an appearance, unfortunately, too applicable to the
generality of this people whom we saw in the towns and cities of Palestine.
They are permitted-to occupy a small area in the middle of the town, where
they have erected small synagogues, and established some common schools.
Close upon the shore is a Latin convent, which stands on the spot, as
we were informed, where the scene of the miraculous draught of fishes
occurred. Tiberias was built by Herod, the murderer of John the Baptist,
in honor of the Eoman Emperor, and was the capital of the province of
Galilee.
The next morning we moved camp up the lake six miles. President
Smith, Professor Carrington and T, W. Jennings, with two American gen-
tlemen, taking boat and making the excursion by water; the remainder of
the companj', with myself, mounted horses and followed the shore. Our
ride was interesting and cheering, under the influence of a smiling sun, iwA
in an atmosphere of Egyptian balminess, far below the cold breezes of the
hills of Galilee. We overtook some Bedouin ladies, each perched on the
hump of a camel, traveling in the same direction, chanting their native
songs very plaintively. Our young Arab guide, with becoming suavity,
engaged them in an interesting conversation, the general features of which
he afterwards explained. They informed him that they had no husbands,
which circumstance they reckoned a great misfortune. This was attribu-
table, they said, to one cause only. The laws and customs of their country
permitted the father to dispose of his daughter for any stipulated amount,
the price varying from five hundred to eight thousand francs, according to
the beauty and accomplishments of the lady in question; that they could
readily procure husbands, but the young gentlemen who fancied them, and
whom they wished to favor, were not prepared to meet the exorbitant
demands of their fathers; consequently they were not married, whicli they
regretted exceedingly. It Avas the custom of the ladies, they said, to marry
early, at the age of twelve or thirteen years; that they themselves were
rising of twenty, a circumstance which made them uncomfortable and
very melancholy.
We passed a cluster of low houses, resembling hovels more than human
dwellings. This was formerly the residence of Mary Magdalene, whom the
Savior delivered from the power of demons. Our path now lay along the
gravelly shore of the sea, and through tangled thickets of thorns, cane and
tall nettles, occasionally passing clumps of oleandei-s, adorned with blush-
ing roses, peeping out beneath their green luxuriant foliage. At length we
reached our camping ground, a romantic spot— a pretty patch of green
558 . SUPPLEMENT.
sward, formed of clover and other grasses, near a remarkably large fountain,
whose sparkling waters burst forth beneath a large gray mountain and
swept down into the sea some yards below. A camp of wild Bedouins, on
our approach, comprehending our wishes, generously consented to with-
draw to a distant locality. Before leaving, however, they proposed to honor
us with a serenade. Their instruments were strikingly rude, and, as we
presently learned, better adapted to loud, shrill noise than to musical har-
mony. Our animals were not excitable under ordinary circumstances, but
this was a little too much for their nerves — looking towards the tempestous
sounds they commenced snorting, prancing, breaking away, and rushing off
in various directions. In this state of things, we saw that, however flatter-
ing the serenade might be to our vanity, there was danger of a drawback to
our progress as tourists; hence we intimated to our Bedouin admirers that
though we appreciated the honors they were laboring to bestow, should it
suit their convenience to terminate at once the peculiar entertainment we
should consider ourselves eminently favored. They closed the amusement
with a modest suggestion that some backsheesh was due tor their services,
which having paid, our muleteers hurried off in search of the animals.
Lorenzo Snow.
LETTER XI.
At Athena.— Plains of Attica. — Hill of Mars. — Galilee.— Scriptural remi-
niscences.— Fountain of Dan. — Cesarea Philippi. — Damascus. — An unfor-
tunate Architect.
Athens, Greece, April 10th, 1873.
Editor Deseret News :
We are in the city of Athens, surrounded by the ruined temples and
crumbling walls of ancient Greece; have stood on the lofty summit of the
Acropolis, beside the marble columns of the Parthenon, in the midst of
broken pillars and fallen temples, looking down on modern Athens, the
Plains of Attica, the famous Hill of Mars, and off on the "Flowery
Hymettus." We have met the King of Greece on the sidewalk of Athens,
cane in hand, and in simple costume, like an ordinary gentleman; have
seen the nation's deputies debating in parliament, and have spent an even-
ing at tea with our American minister; have sailed on the classical waters
of the Mediterranean, up the Archipelago, among its beautiful islands. We
SUPPLEMENT. 559
have viewed Constantinople, its numerous mosques with swelling domes
and pointed minarets, and promenaded its dark, winding avenues, through
its wilderness of bazars, have seen the Sultan — all, and a thousand things
else, since leaving Palestine. Therefore, it is possible an apologj- is due for
continuing my descriptions of the Holy Land. Syria and Palestine, in
many respects, we have found the most interesting of any country we have
visited, as regards the character and condition of the people, its natural
scenery, its having formed the great theatre, where were displayed, during
many centuries, the dealings of God with favored Israel, as well as its being
the opening scene of the Gospel dispensation; besides embracing the sites
and melancholy ruins of ancient cities so femiliar to the Biblical student,
I now return to Galilee. I ascended the mountain above "The Foun-
tain of the Fig Tree," to a point overlooking our camp and commanding a
view of the Plain of Gennesareth, the Sea. of Galilee, and the towering
summit of Mount Hermon. Here I employed the passing moments in seri-
ous reflections on the associations called forth by the peculiar circum-
stances around. A great portion of the Savior's life was spent in the
region around the Sea of Galilee. After having been expelled from Naz-
areth, His native city, by His own townspeople, He came down from the
hilly country of Galilee, and made his home upon these shores, chose His
Twelve Apostles, taught the people in their towns and villages and on the
seaside, as they flocked around Him in multitudes. He performed His
mighty works in the cities of Chorazin, Bethsaida and Capernaum, which
stood on these shores, filled with inhabitants. Eighteen centuries have
wrought marvelous and fearful changes in the scenery and condition of this
locality. When the Savior and His Apostles were coasting along these
shores, addressing anxious multitudes, healing the sick, unstopping the
ears of the deaf, giving sight to the blind, and raising the dead, Tiberias,
adorned with its numerous palaces and temjjles, stood in the zenith ot its
glory, its citizens reveling in splendor ai:id luxury, and its many priests, in
imposing costumes, full of studied systematic knowledge of the law and the
Prophets, and glowing with pious zeal to entrap and destroy the Apostles
and the Savior of the world. Infamy covers the memory of those priests,
and not a single building of that magnificent city remains, and nothing is
seen but patches of low decaying walls, a few heaps of hewn stone, and
granite columns strewed around. The country about the Sea of Galilee
was then densely populated— cities and towns occupied its shores, the sum-
mits and slopes of the surrounding hills. Bethsaida, Capernaum, Chorazin
and many larger cities were teeming with inhabitants and in the height of
prosperity. The Plain of Gennesareth, under the finest state of cultiva-
tion, appeared like a paradise of gardens, growing luxuriantly the choicest
560 SUPPLEMENT.
of fruits. This plain is now overspread with thorns and tall nettles, and
everywhere marked by the finger of desolation. Those cities are now left
without an inhabitant, and their places covered with heaps of decaying
stones and prostrate walls. Capernaum is so nearly annihilated that even
the place it occupied is a subject of keenest dispute among travelers; and
even now I see before me, in the vicinity of our tents, decaying relics, con-
sidered by some to designate the locality of that ancient city.
We left the Sea of Galilee, and continued our route through an improv-
ing country, crossed an old Roman road, through fields of grain, beans and
lentils, passing several large camps of Bedouins, and for the night pitched
our tents at a large fountain, near which a company of Arabs were engaged
in digging a sect, to water a rich plain below. This night was characterized
by a concert of striking wildness, performed by a great multitude of musi-
cal frogs in adjacent marshes,, joined by howling dogs in an Arab camp,
mingled with loud responses of the hoarse voices of our pack-mules, com-
bined with a hideous chorus of sharp yelping jackals in the neighboring
glens.
The next day we passed several long lines of black tents of the Bedou-
ins, and numerous herds of cattle feeding in the plains and rich valleys.
They were dwarfed, and were degenerated like the inhabitants of the coun-
try. We lunched at the "Fountain of Dan," one of the great sources of
the Jordan, in the shade of a venerable tree, remarkable for the immense
area covered by its branches. On our departure, two Arabs stopped to enjoy
their bread and cheese in its cooling shade. While thus occupied they were
surprised by a marauding party of Bedouins, who relieved them of all their
little conveniences. While sympathizing in their misfortunes, we were
somewhat pleased that we had escaped their experience. We camped at
Cesarea Philippi, on the bank of a rushing stream, in the midst of a beau-
tiful grove. Here is the great fountain which forms the main source of the
Jordan, the most celebrated of rivers. From this immense fountain the
waters collect, and soon form into a rapid torrent, rushing along with great
impetuosity, tumbling over rocks, foaming and scattering its spraj- in all
directions. At this place, that remarkable conversation occurred between
Christ and His Apostles, in which Peter affirmed that Jesus was "the
Christ, the Son of the living God." And Jesus answered and said unto him,
"Blessed art thou, Simon Barjona, for flesh and blood hath not revealed it
unto thee^ but my Father which is in heaven: And I say also unto thee,
that thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the
gates of hell shall not prevail against it;" thus securing to every person the
privilege of obtaining a like revelation.
The modern village consists of some forty houses massed together with
SUPPLEMENT. 561
flat roots, on which the dirty and filthy inhabitants sleep in the summer
season, to prevent being eaten by flies and bedbugs, and bitten by scorpions,
which they are too lazy to destroy.
The following morning, leaving Cesarea Philippi, we pass over a well
watered country, whose inhabitants possess more energy and enterprise,
improving, in a small degree, a few of the natural advantages which sur-
round them. We camped at night near what is said to have been "one of
the burial places of Nimrod;" and the next day, after an interesting ride
of a few hours, on aiicending an eminence, a panorama of great beauty and
magnificence burst upon our view — the city of Damascus, "the Pearl of the
East," its wide extended plains, on which are a hundred villages, numer-
ous mosques looming up here and there, above the immense, spreading
mass of broad, white roofs, their great swelling domes and tapering mina-
rets adorned with golden crescents, the great Plain of Damascus, orna-
mented with rich fields and beautiful gardens, groves of poplar and walnut,
orchards of figs, apricots and pomegranates, and numerous vineyai-ds,
sprinkled here and there with tall, conical cypresses, and now and then a
palm lifting its graceful head, stretching east far away till lost beneath the
gray horizon northward, till reaching the mountains of Anti-Lebanon, and
away south, where it is bounded by the river Pharpar, of Scripture memory.
The picturesque appearance of the circling hills and mountains casts an air
of singular enchantment around this profoundly magnificent scenery — the
long bare ridge of Anti-Lebanon, the snow-capped peak of Hermon, dis-
tant some forty miles, a multitude of beautiful conical hills, and still
beyond, a long ridge of pale blue mountains, the "Hills of Bashan."
Passing along this plain, we entered Damascus, rode through some of
its principal streets and camped outside the walls, on the banks of the
Abana. Much of the richness and beauty of the Plain of Damascus
is owing to the invigorating influences of this stream of Bible celebrity,
which flows through it from west to east, and is conducted from its channel,
and carried on to the plain. Another mode of irrigation, however, is
adopted in places where the Abana cannot be reached. It being rather
peculiar, I will describe it: A well is first dug till water is discovered; the
slope of the plain is then followed, when another is sunk, forty or fifty
yards distant; the two are then connected by a subterranean cliannel, leav-
ing sufficient tall for the water to flow, 'in this manner a long line of wells
is constructed, and the stream of water thus secured is at last on a level
with the surface, when it is ready to be used. The plain has a great
number of these curious aqueducts, several of which extend along from
two to three miles underground. Where the waters of one are spreading
life and verdure over the surface, another below is gathering a new supply,
562 SUPPLEMENT.
obtaining it, in some measure, from the surplus of the former, which soaks
through the soil.
We called on the American Consul, who treated us courteously and
assisted us in accomplishing the object of our visit to Damascus. Before
we left, he spent an hour under our tent in conversation mutually agree-
able. We visited Prince Abd-el-Kader, who, during the invasion of Algiers
by the French, fought so valiantly to preserve the freedom of his country.
The interview was pleasant and interesting — Mocha, in elegant cups, served
in Oriental style, illustrated his good feelings and respectful consideration.
Damascus is supposed to be nearly four thousand years old, the oldest
city in the world. Some affirm that it was founded by Uz, the son of Aram.
At least, it was a noted place in the days of Abraham — the steward of his
house was mentioned as "Eliezer of Damascus." The city is about four
miles in circumference, and contains one hundred and fifty thousand inhab-
itants— about eighteen thousand of these are Christians, six thousand Jews,
and the rest Mohammedans. The Christian population, previous to the
massacre of 1860, numbered about thirty-two thousand. During the three
days of those bloody and heart rending scenes, it is supposed that nearly
three thousand Christians w-ere mUrdfered. Their private dwellings and
churches were burned, their property destroyed, and the survivors driven
forth from their homes penniless, with no means of support. Women and
girls were seized and compelled to sufier the most fearftil of all forms of slav-
ery. Many of the buildings of these sufferers still lie in ruins. In walking the
streets of Damascus, among the staring crowds, I imagined there was dis-
cernable, in the sombre countenances of many of the people, similar feel-
ings to those which prompted the massacre of 1860, and that they were
only waiting an opportunity.
Damascus is noted for the number of its mosques. We gained access to
the principal one, partly through the courtesy of our American Consul,
and partly through the stimulating influence of a golden Napoleon. On
entering we pulled off" our boots and put on slippers. In Catholic countries,
on entering places of worship, taking off" the hat is the invariable requisition,
while in Mohammedan jurisdiction the temple of devotion cannot be
entered without taking "off the shoes," while the chapeau may remain
undisturbed. This ancient structure, the "Grand Harem," as it is termed,
is second only to the Mosque of Omar. The Mosque and square cover an
urea in length of eleven hundred feet, and eight hundred feet in breadth.
It has three styles of architecture, and is of great antiquity. It was
originally Pagan, then Syrian Christian, and now Mohammedan. On one
side it has a court surrounded by cloistei-s with arches in front, resting on
columns of granite. limestone and marble. It has three minarets — the
SUPPLEMENT. . 563
"Western Minaret," the '"Minaret of the Bride," and tlie "Minaret of
Jesus." According to Mohammedan tradition, when Christ comes to judge
the world He will first appear upon this minaret, bearing His name, He will
then enter the mosque, and summon to His presence men of every denomi-
nation. Under this mosque is a cave containing a casket of gold, in which
is said to be the veritable head of John the Baptist. Any doubts we may
have cherished of its identity we refrained from expressing, the same as
when shown similar curiosities in the more enlightened Christian churches.
We ascended one of the minarets, where we had a splendid view of Damas-
cus and its environs.
A gentleman who spent several weeks in Damascus, hunting relics and
curiosities, related to me the following anecdote concerning the founding of
an ancient mosque, which stood in sight of our encampment. The
Sultan, wishing to erect a mosque, engaged a distinguished architect, giving
him instructions as to the dimension, style and location, fixing the site in
the centre of Damascus. The architect, having completed the work,
repaired to the Sultan to report his proceedings, and claim his reward. The
Sultan enquired if he had followed his directions. He replied that he had
built the mosque according to instructions in every particular, that it was
beautiful and magnificent, and he felt assured the Sultan would be highly
gratified; but he had ventured to depart in one item from his instructions —
(ionsidering that Damascus had a tendency to spread in one particular
direction, he had located the mosque a short distance towards that point,
from the centre of the city. The Sultan graciously complimented him on
his peculiar foresight, dismissed him with flattering expressions, told him
to go home, and a commissioner should be sent to examine his work, and if
approved, he should be abundantly rewarded. No sooner, however, had he
returned, than an order was sent by the Sultan to have him beheaded
immediately, and the following inscription engraved upon his tomb, "Let
this architect's head be restored when this mosque becomes the centre of
Damascus." The gentleman said he read this inscription, in Arabic, on a
decaying tomb near the mosque.
The external view of the private dwellings of the people is not inviting.
The rough mud walls and projecting upper chambers, supported by decay-
ing timbers, have a singularly rickety appearance. The entrance is by a
miserable looking doorway through a narrow, winding passage, and not
unfrequently through a stable-yard; and around the whole is cast an air
of peculiar squalidness. The inside, however, exhibits a better complexion;
many are neat and comfortable, and some approach to splendor, and even
gorgeousness, have an open court with ornamented pavements, a marble
basin in the centre, surrounded with jets d'eau, citron, lemon and orange
564* ' SUPPLEMENT.
trees, and flowering shrubs, affording shade and filling the air with perfume.
The apartments are furnished with chairs and sofas, with soft cushions,
sometimes covered with embroidered silk and satin, the walls wainscotted,
carved and gilded, and the ceiling covered with ornaments.
A fine macadamized road leading over some fifty miles, from Damascus
to Beyrout, constructed by a French company, is the only decent road in
Syria or Palestine. We passed over this thoroughfare through an interest-
ing country, possessing natural scenery of peculiar beauty and grandeur,
arriving at Beyrout, a seaport on the Mediterranean, in renewed health and
vigor, gratified and instructed by our tour through Syria and Palestine.
Lorenzo Snow.
LETTER XII.
Beyrout. — Protestant college and schools. — Embark for Constautinople. —
Island of Cyprus. — Mount Olympus. — Sea of Marmora. — Arrival at the
Turkish Metropolis. — Greek Independence Day. — At Athens. — Classical
ruins.— Peculiar Greek customs. — Funeral ceremony.
Athens, Greece, April 12th, 1873.
Editor Deseret News:
In my last I closed with our arrival at Beyrout. The locality of
Bejrrout is very beautiful: it stands on a promontory of a triangular form,
the apex projecting into the Mediterranean, and its base extending along
the foot of the Lebanon mountains. Groves of pine and mulberry are seen
on the rising hills, and covering the mountain acclivities; and here and
there groups of palm and cypresses. Our hotel, situated close upon the
shore, commands a splendid view of the Bay of St. George, on which are
floating ships and steamers, the Mediterranean, the finest portion of the
city, and some of the picturesque scenery of Lebanon. It is a mental
luxury to look from my window, or out from the open balcony, and con-
template these lovely scenes, wrought by the hand of God, and by His
inspirations in man.
The city contains over fifty thousand inhabitants — one-third of these
are Mussulmen, the rest. Christians, Jews and strangers. Its numerous
shops, capacious warehouses, its busy quay and numbers of bazai-s, ships
and steamers, exhibit life and commercial enterprise, forming a striking
contrast with the old, thretidbare, worn-out and moth-eaten systems of doing
SUPPLEMENT. 5(55
business, still practised in the towns and cities of Palestine. With regard
to foreign trade and commerce, Beyrout stands foremost in Syria; the largest
imports are for Damascus, it forming the seaport for that city. The chief
article of export is raw silk, the trade in which is fast increasing, and every
year becoming more important. In the vicinity of the city, and through
the region of Lebanon, the country is being filled with mulberry orchards,
and little doubt is entertained of its proving a permanent source of business
and profit.
The new portion of the city is handsomely built, the private dwellings
and public edifices are chiefly constructed of stone, substantially built, with
some artistic display. Some of the streets are broad and well paved, and
nearly everywhere signs of improvement and enterprise are visible, inso-
much that one could almost fancy himself in a European city.
American and English missionaries have established a Protestant
collefre and several schools in Be3'rout and in Lebanon. These institutions
arc accessible to students of every sect and party who are willing to conform
to the regulations, which are skilfully arranged with a view to proselyting.
All boarders are required to be present at morning and evening prayers,
and attend Protestant worship, and college classes upon the Scriptures
during the week. The Bible is also used as a text book for common instruc-
tions, etc. These educational departments are sustained by contributions
from Europe and America. Some seventy students attend the Protestant
college. The British Syrian schools at Beyrout number over six hundred
scholars, and including the branch schools in Lebanon, rising one thousand.
March 25th, we embarked on an Austrian Lloyd steamer for Constanti-
nople. We passed the Island of Cyprus; had a view, from the deck, of
Mount Olympus, the summit of which was once crowned with the celebrated
Temple of Venus; passed the island of Rhodes, where we saw the fortifica-
tions of the "Knights of St. John," their bastions, battlements, overhang-
ing buttresses and lofty towers. The Island of Patmos was pointed out in
the distance, where the Eevelator John received his wonderful visions. We
called at Smyrna, the city honored with many euphonious names — "The
Ornament 6f Asia," "The Crown of Ionia," "Sweet smelling Smyrna,"
etc.; passed the Island of Mytilene, Tenedos; went through the Darda-
nelles, and were shown the place where Leander, and afterward Lord Byron,
performed feats of swimming; then steamed over the Sea of Marmora, and
at length arrived at Constantinople, the celebrated capital of the Ottoman
empire.
The port was crowded with ships, steamers, barges, ferries and small
boats, so numerous that they appeared as if swarming on the watera, num-
bering many thousands. This magnificent bay accommodates twelve
5(J§ SUPPLEMENT.
hundred sail, and is sufficient!}- deep to float ships of war of the largest
magnitude.
For advantages of trade and commerce, and for beauty of situation,
Constantinople undoubtedly excels all other cities in the world. It stands
upon two continents, Europe and Asia, and upon two seas, the Black Sea
and the Sea of Marmora. Its population is variously estimated at from five
hundred thousand to eight hundred thousand; of these about three hundred
thousand are Greeks and Armenians, sixty thousand Jews, and thirty
thousand Europeans. It contains forty colleges, one thousand mosques,
many Jewish synagogues, and numerous Catholic churches.
We visited the American Minister, and spent a few hours in his com-
pany very pleasantly. We have made it an invariable rule to call on our
American Minister and Consuls, and, without an exception, have been
courteously and kindly received, and in several instances our company has
been solicited. Our cards and letters of introduction from President Young,
on every occasion, have been noticed and honored.
While in Constantinople we visited the principal mosques, the tombs of
the sultans, the offices of the Sublime Porte, the Treasury, Armory, Mint,
Repository of Antiquities, the bazars and the Palace of the Osmanli Sul-
tans, thje Royal Seraglio. The Mosque of St. Sophia, which we inspected,
in several respects is the most remarkable edifice in the Turkish empire.
It is three hundred and fifty feet in length, by two hundred and thirt\--five
in breadth. It was built for a Catholic temple in the sixth century, by the
Emperor Justinian, and was sixteen yeai-s in course of construction. At
that time it was celebrated as the most remarkable and magnificent temple
in the whole empire. In the fifteenth century it was converted into a
m.osque, through the conquering sword of Mohammed the Second, at the
capture of Constantinople. It has two flags suspended on either side of the
pulpit, indicating the victory of Islam over Judaism and Christianity, and
the Koran over the Old and New Testaments. The roof is constructed in
such a manner that it exhibits nine cupolas, the great dome forming the
highest summit, and so arranged that it appears as if suspended in the air;
the whole seen together presents an appearance of singular grandeur and
magnificence. The walls and numerous arches are built of brick; the
interior of the building is adorned with the richest and most costly mate-
rials— ^granite, marble and porphyry of every description; black marble
with white veins, white marble with rose-colored stripes, green and blue
marble, and Bosphorus marble with black veins. We counted eight large
porphyry columns, which were taken from the "Temple of the Sun," at
Baalbec, and six or eight of green columns of porphyry, which our guide
informed us were from the Temple of Diana at Ephesus. The floor is
SUPPLEMENT. 567
ibnned of variegated marble with waving lines, imitating the movings of
the ocean. The tiles which cover the arches of the cupolas were made at
Rhodes, of chalk-white clay of peculiar lightness, being only one-twelfth
of the usual weight; and had inscribed upon them, "God has founded it,
and it will not be overthrown: God will support it in the blush of the
dawn." It has sixteen gates of bronze, adorned with crosses; the spaces
between them are decorated with beautiftil marble, and above them are
mosaic pictures. The central dome is one hundred and seven feet in diam-
eter, with a rise of forty-six feet, and with an elevation of one hundred and
eighty feet above the ground, with semi-domes on two sides, of equal diam-
eter. The grand dome is supported by arches resting on four immense
piers, supported by abutments. Its numerous arches, pillars and cupolas
are all inlaid with marble mosaics of the most beautiful designs. In the
cupola are inscribed the following words from the Koran: "God is the light
of the heavens and the earth." On ceremonial occasions, during the night,
these expressive words are illuminated by thousands of lamps, suspended in
circles, one above another, which, aided by attachments of ostrich eggs,
and quantities of tinsel, and numerous artificial fiowere, are said to pro-
duce a wonderfiil effect.
One hundred architects, during the construction of this mosque, super-
intended ten thousand masons, five thousand working on one side, the other
half at the same time engaged on the opposite side of the building. It is
said of the Emperor, that during the progress of the work he paid occa-
sional visits, to inspire the workmen, dressed in coarse linen, a cloth around
his head, and a rough stick in his hand. When the walls had reached
about six feet above the ground, an expenditure of about twenty-two tons
of gold had been incurred; and a traditionary account is given, that when
this extraordinary structure had been completed as far as the cupolas,
the funds were exhausted, and the people groaning and murmuring under
the heavy burden of imposed taxes; whereupon an angel appeared, and,
leadhig the mules of the treasury to a subterranean vault, loaded them with
four tons of gold I
We went aboard an Austrian Lloyd steamer, April oth, and steered for
Athens, the capital of Greece. In going down the Archipelago, the usual
dulness and monotony of ocean life was partially relieved by the changing
scenery and charming views, constantly exhibited on the numerous islands
we were passing. Syra especially attracted attention; the picturesque
appearance of its capital city of thirty thousand people drew expressions of
surprise and admiration. Stopping a few hours at anchorage gave opportu-
nity of inspecting this locality. The city is built on a gigantic, conical hill,
rising steeply from the shore in a semi-circle, over a mile in width, extend-
568 SUPPLEMENT.
ins; to an immense height; its narrow and pointed summit crowned with a
large cathedral; the whole hill, with its indentures and depressions, covered
from base to summit with elegant buildings painted white, with green win-
dow shutters, blue cornices and balustrades.
It chanced to be a holiday with the Greeks — they were celebrating
their independence. Flags were floating from the tops of buildings and
tall masts of the ships in the harbor. At night, before our departure, there
was a grand illumination, in which the entire city and ships at anchor par-
ticipated. The appearance altogether was very striking.
We arrived at Pir^us, the seaport of Athens, 7th ult., having experi-
enced a favorable passage. We took carriage and drove to Athens, five
miles distant, over a beautiful road, skirted with poplar and pepper trees.
MiTNicH, Bavaria, April 22d, 1873.
The whole of the modem city of Athens has been built within the last
forty-five years. It is situated about five miles from the sea, on the Plain
of Attica. Many of the buildings possess some architectural beauty, which,
combined with their yellow-washed stucco, present an agreeable and lively
appearance. Olive groves, the scene of Plato's meditations, stretching
along the plain, the trees and shrubbery in the Queen's garden, an orange
grove fronting the King's Palace, pepper trees skirting the boulevards, a
few cj-presses and Italian poplars, form the principal foliage which is seen
in and around Athens. The Queen's garden attached to the Palace is a
beautiful enclosure of several acres, extending along the boulevards and
partially encircling the palace, and adorned with rich shrubbery, flower-
beds, luxurious foliage, grass-plats, artificial waters and winding gravel
walks. Fronting the palace is a small, enclosed area, decorated with orange
trees; in the centre is a fine fountain surrounded with seats for the conve-
nience of promenaders. The trees were constantly dropping their golden
fruit here and there, on the gravelly walks, but left untouched by the mul-
titude of pedestrians. The King's Palace is the most conspicuous building
in Athens. It is located on a gently rising eminence at the foot of Mount
Lycabettis, and facing what is termed the "Square of the Constitution."
On this square, September, 1843, the people and troops assembled, and
continued ten houi-s without any act of violence, waiting for King Otho to
grant the request of their leaders in signing the constitutional charter, to
which, at last, he reluctantly consented. The front of the palace has a
portico constructed of marble— the walls of the building are composed of
broken limestone faced with cement.
The Acropolis is a vast rock, rising to the height of three hundred and
fifty feet above tlie plain, with a flat summit, about one thousand feet long
SUPPLEMENT. 569
by five hundred broad. The Areopagus, or Hill of Mars, is a lower emi-
nence, forming a kind of offehoot to the Acropolis. The remains of the
celebrated Temple of Jupiter Olympus occupy a broad square of ground a
little eastward of the Acropolis. Fifteen Corinthian columns of immense
size are now standing, out of one hundred and twenty-four, which formerly
covered a space of three hundred and fifty-four feet, by a breadth of one
hundred and seventy-one feet. These marble columns are fifty-five feet
in height and six feet four inches in diameter. One of the marble beams,
supported by these gigantic columns, is said to weigh twenty-three tons.
We noticed one of the pillars which had been thrown down in a high wind
— it is formed of eighteen sections. It is estimated that three thousand dol-
lars would be required to set up these sections and restore the pillar to an
upright position, which will aiford a faint idea of the cost of erecting the
entire building.
We ascended the Acropolis to inspect its stupendous and melancholy
ruins. When it stood in the fulness of its splendor, the whole summit was
occupied with temples, sanctuaries, statuary and monuments; only suffi-
cient now remain to show their fonner grandeur and magnificence. There
were the marble temples of Minerva, Propylaca, Wingless Victory, the
Erectheum and the Parthenon; also gigantic statues of Grecian deities,
from forty to sixty feet in height, on lofty pedestals decorated with ivory
and gold, glistening in the sunlight. Some of these colossal statues could
be seen from the decks of vessels, standing a long distance out at sea. A
few*massive columns of temples are seen sustaining huge marble beams,
over twenty feet in length. In the Propylacan Temple, quantities of black
marble were used in ils construction, and, the same as other heathen sanc-
tuaries, was adorned with costly paintings and historical decorations. The
entire expense of this building has been estimated at about two and a half
millions of dollars. The Parthenon is built entirely of marble, and is two
hundred and twenty-eight feet long by one hundred and one broad. Its
ceiling is supported the same as that of the Propylacan, by huge marble
beams, resting on massive columns. One of the doorways is thirty-three
feet in height and sixteen feet wide; the head of the doorway is formed of
marble lintels, nearly twenty-seven feet in length. The Erectheum has a
number of standing columns, supporting massive marble beams and lintels
over doorways; most of this temple, however, lies in a heap of superb ruins.
The frieze of this building was composed of black marble, adorned with
figures in low relief, in white marble. The surface of the Acropolis is
mostly spread with ruins, broken pillars, pieces of entablatures and sculp-
tured fragments.
The Greeks have some very peculiar customs. When, after a lengthy
40
570 SUPPLEMENT.
absence, friends meet, or when parting for a considerable time, it is usual
to kiss one another on the cheek. I have noticed in Athens, the same as
in Italy, two gentlemen meeting on the public street, with hats off, demon-
strating their affection by hugging and kissing each other in the most vio-
lent manner. Many of the Greeks have a habit of carrying in the hand
strings of glass or wooden beads, which they manipulate or work with their
fingers, while walking the streets or in conversation, the same as the gen-
tleman his watchguard, or twirls his cane, or the lady flirts her fan, having
no religious reference as the Catholic in counting his beads.
It is customary to make the sign of the cross in the following manner:
Uniting the tips of the thumb and first two fingers of the right hand, and
touching alternately the forehead, navel, right breast and left breast, three
times in rapid succession, whenever passing a church, seeing the cross, or
hearing the name of the Savior spoken. They have a singular form for
burying the dead. I witnessed the ceremony of burying two persons, who
apparently had occupied respectable positions in society. The processions
■were preceded by boys in white robes, carrying a crucifix and other eccle-
siastic insignia of considerable splendor, followed by priests, chanting in a
low, monotonous, melancholy tone, while all hats were off and every hand
was making the sign of the cross, as the solemn train was passing along tlie
crowded thoroughfare; the corpse, with ghastly features exposed to full view
in an open coffin, covered with white cloth, variously decorated; the lid of
:the coffin, painted with a large cross, was carried along in the procession, in
an upright position. The corpse was dressed in the clothing customarily
worn while living; the head partially elevated, and the hands folded in front
• of a picture of the Virgin, placed on his breast.
Returning from the Museum, we met the King of Greece, who was
walking leisurely along the sidewalk, among the citizens, dressed in plain,
• ordinary costume. His appearance is rather prepossessing; his figure is
^slight — of medium size, light complexion, and eyes expressive of both kind-
ness and determination. He has the reputation of honesty and frankness
— without affectation, and his domestic life above reproach, and makes the
welfare and improvement of his people a direct aim and constant study.
He is about twenty-eight years of age — married the daughter of the Grand
Dake Constantine of Russia, and has a family.
The Greek Church and Greek nation may be considered synonymous
words, as one cannot exist without the other, being interwoven like cotton
and woolen threads in a garment. It is a strong prevailing feeling in the
people, that, as the church cannot exist without the people, so the people
cannot exist as a nation without the church. The banners of the revolu-
tion were constantly blessed by the bishops, and among the first victims of
SUPPLEMENT. 571
that revolution was the Greek Patriarch of Constantinople. In fact the
first article of the constitution makes the Greek Church the corner stone of
the political fabric. It is as tbllows: "The dominant religion of Greece is
that of the Orthodox Oriental Church of Christ. All other recognized
religions are tolerated, and the free exercise of worship is protected by law.
Proselytism and all other interferences, prejudicial to the dominant religion,
are forbidden." Therefore any attempt made by Protestants, in the way of
proselyting, is regarded with suspicion.
^ Mr. Francis, the American minister, invited our party to spend an
evening at his residence. We had a pleasant time with the minister, his
lady and son, also Mr. Goodenough, the Consul General of Constantinople, -
who was spending a few days in Athens. In conversation with these
people, we gathered interesting items in reference to modern Greece, the
king and government. Mr. Francis' fine abilities and conversational talent
drew around him many visitors, especially Americans. Mrs. Francis is a
lady of intelligence, of lively disposition and polite manners.
We left Athens on the evening of the twelfth, on an Austrian Lloyd
steamer, for Trieste, Austria, where we arrived on the seventeenth, after a
pleasant passage. This is a charming town, built in the form of a crescent,
on rounded and conical hills and mountain acclivities. It is surrounded
with beautiful scenery. The city has a population of about one hundred
thousand. We were shown many objects of attraction and curiosity.
The nineteenth, we took train for Munich, the capital of Bavaria,
through the Brenner Pass, by the way of Verona, a town in Italy. Our
route led through an interesting country, under an excellent state of tillage
— the landscape covered with verdure and rich in luxurious foliage, the
apple, plum, apricot, cherry and chestnut adorned with blossoms, and the
vine clothed with leaves; patches of clover, grain in full growth, green pas-
tures and meadows, and off in the distance a long high range of moun-
tains, with summits mantled in snow. We arrived at Verona in the
evening and remained over Sunday.
The country from Verona to Munich is in the highest state of cultiva-
tion, abounding in fields of grain, vegetable gardens, fruit orchards and
vineyards; nearly the whole region is dotted with walnut, apple, cherry, apri-
cot, plum and mulberry, the grapevine stretching from one tree to another,
clinging to the branches, while below flourish luxuriant gardens or waving
grain. We passed over a narrow, winding vale, extending over seventy
miles, skirted by lofty mountains and adorned with towns and villages, and
churches here and there, on high plateaus above the plain; streamlets are
seen now and then dashing and foaming over rocky steps, producing cas-
cades of great beauty and grandeur. We noticed images of the Savior,
572 SUPPLEMENT.
nearly life-size, representing His crucifixion, and secured to posts placed
here and there along the public road. Women were laboring in the fields,
driving plow, spading ground, scattering manure, and some in tops of trees
trimming the branches.
Monday evening, twenty-first, we arrived in Munich.'
Lorenzo Snow.
LETTER XIII.
Munich.— Visit to a Royal Palace.— Statue of Bavaria.— Imperial Wedding. —
"Vienna.— The Arsenal. — Summer Palace. — The Great Exhibition. —
Berlin. — Royal Palace. — Banquet Hall. — Monuments. — U. S. Minister. —
Parliament. — Soldiers. — Moral condition of Berlin. — Hamburg. — In
London,
Vienna, Austria, May 6th, 1873.
Editor Deseret News :
We spent a few days very pleasantly, and I hope profitably, in Munich,
the capital of Bavaria. Our hotel accommodations, politeness of host, and
the attention of servants, have been nowhere excelled. The general
appearance of the people in respect to style of dress, their moral character
and education, will bear comparison with that of the first cities in other
European countries. The streets, public gardens, parks and squares pos-
sess many attractions, but unfortunately the weather was unpropitious for
the full appreciation of sight-seeing.
Munich is situated in a barren plain, upon both sides of the river Iser.
It contains about one hundred and seventy-five thousand inhabitants, and
is considered the fourth city in Germany in point of population. Many of
its parks, squares and public gardens are adorned with fountains, lawns,
shrubbery, cascades, grottoes, equestrian figures and colossal statues. In
one of these squares is a large obelisk, erected in honor of the Bavarians
who were slain in the Russian campaign of 1812, bearing the inscription:
"To the thirty thousand Bavarians who perished in the Russian war;
erected by Louis First, King of Bavaria, completed Oct. 18, 1833. They
died for the deliverance of the country." The park, called the English
Garden, nearly five miles long by a half mile in width, is ornamented at
vast labor and expense. We visited the Royal Palace, and spent some two
SUPPLEMENT. 573
hours in walking through the imperial apartments, inspecting the numer-
ous objects of interest and curiosity— the Audience Hall, embellished with
twelve portraits of Roman Emperors; the Green Gallery, with a great num-
ber of Dutch and Italian paintings; The Bedchamber, containing curtains
of gold brocade, valued at the enormous sum of four hundred thousand
dollars; and the Mirror Room, adorned with precious vases of gold and sil-
ver, together with chandeliers of immense value. Also the Hall of Mar-
riages, appropriately decorated with fresco work; the Hall of the Emperors,
adorned with paintings by the most celebrated masters; the Hall of Charle-
magne, with numerous pictures of gigantic size, commemorative of the
most remarkable events in his life. The Throne Hall is one hundred and
sixty feet long, and seventy-three wide, ornamented on either side by twelve
Corinthian columns of white marble, supporting galleries. Between these
columns are twelve statues of princes in gilded bronze, each of which
weighs nearly one and a half tons; the simple cost of gilding was about
twelve hundred dollars each.
The Royal Library is a very beautiful building, comprising seventy-
seven rooms, in which are contained more than eight hundred
thousand volumes. The Royal Bronze Foundry is much celebrated; monu-
ments have been cast in this foundry for nearly all parts of the world.
In the southwest of the city, on an eminence, in a large meadow,
stands the colossal statue of Bavaria. It is placed upon a basement, which
is ascended by a flight of forty-eight steps; the height of the statue itself is
thirty-two and a half feet, and pedestal twenty-eight and a half. This
female statue represents the Protectress of Bavaria, with a lion at her side.
In her right hand she holds a sword, and in her left a chaplet. This
immense statue was cast at the Royal Foundry. The interior of the figure
contains a staircase of sixty-six steps, which ascend through the pedestal to
the height of the knees, and from thence by a spiral stair to the head,
within which eight persons can be seated.
One day, hearing that the king, with his suite and royal equipage, was
out on an imperial wedding, I set forward, on foot, in company with my
sister, to witness the immense attraction, which was drawing all Munich into
the streets by tens of thousands. Having submitted to half an hour's journey-
ing, pressing and smashing, by the patriotic and enthusiastic citizens of
Munich, finally we secured the honor of gazing a moment on the passing
pomp and glory of His Royal Majesty the King of Bavaria, and occupying
a point toward which he smiled and civilly bowed. After narrowly escap-
ing being trodden down by the crowd, I returned to my hotel, wondering
how much mathematical skill or philosophical wisdom would be required to
determine the exact value of what was gained by this exposure.
574 SUPPLEMENT.
We left Munich on the morning of the twenty-ninth, and arrived in
Vienna by train the following evening. Vienna, the capital of Austria, is sit-
uated at the foot of the Vienna Mountain, in a plain, near the right bank
of the Danube. It contains a population of about eight hundred thousand.
A boulevard encircles the city, planted with trees, and bordered with
very elegant buildings and beautiful gardens. The city exhibits some very
remarkable edifices — the Castle, Cathedral of St. Stephen's, Imperial Palace
and many palatial residences of ministers and ambassadors. The suburbs
of the city are very populous, containing many splendid edifices, fine
promenades, and ornamental gardens. Many of the squares are decorated
with various statues and monuments, displaying great skill in design and
execution; among these is an equestrian statue of the Emperor Joseph III,
who is represented on horseback, stretching out his hand, and blessing the
people. Also an equestrian statue of the Archduke Charles, erected in
186C — he is I'epresented at the battle of Aspern, in the attitude of raising
the flag, to lead the grenadiers to the attack. Also the column of the
Trinity, erected in 1679, on the cessation of the plague. This column is
composed of white Salsburg marble, and is over seventy feet high; on the
pedestal is a rock, upholding Keligion, a cherub, overcoming the Master of
the Plague, also some has reliefs, representing incidents of sacred history.
The Emperor appears in the attitude of kneeling on the summit of the
column, and angels rising toward heaven. Another verj' fine monument^
built by Charles VI, consists of a canopy, sustained by Corinthian columns^
beneath which is a group, representing the marriage of the Virgin. We
noticed, in various parts of the city, many splendid fountains, fine bridges,,
broad, well paved streets, bordered with linden and chestnut, and skirted
with magnificent buildings; and in the city and suburbs, many ornamented
squares, public gardens and extensive parks.
Vienna has numerous cathedrals, some of which are fine specimens of
Gothic architecture. The Church of the Savior is an elegant structure,
decorated in Gothic style — built in commemoration of an attempt to destroy
the life of Francis Joseph, in the year 1853. The first stone was laid by the
Emperor, which was obtained from the Mount of Olives, in Palestine,
in 1856.
We visited the Imperial Arsenal, considered one of the grandest build-
ings in Vienna; it is very extensive and surrounded by ornamental grounds.
It comprises numerous workshops, foundries, machine shops, and a Museum
of Arms, containing specimens of weapons of all periods; artillery of brass
and iron, aad vast quantities of projectiles. It has nine steam engines, and
two thousand men are kept employed within the buildings. It casts eighty
cannons per day, and usually makes a run two days in a week.
SUPPLEMENT. 675
The Imperial Summer Palace, a short distance from the city, is charm-
ingly located beside a large public park, encircled by ornamental grounds,
and has an orangery of seven hundred and forty trees, and a grand parterre,
decorated with thirty-two statues, and a large basin, with two splendid
fountains. The palace contains fifteen hundred chambere.
Of late years, great alterations and improvements have been made in
Vienna, by tearing down old fortifications, erecting public buildings, straight-
ening and widening streets and thoroughfares, and multiplying, enlarging
and ornamenting public grounds.
We have spent some days in the buildings of the great exhibition.
Everything in relation to it is upon the most magnificent scale. It is sup-
posed that it will exceed, in splendor, variety, extent, perfection of articles,
correctness of arrangement, magnificence and universality, any previous
exhibition.
In Austria, as in all other countries which wc have visited, soldiers, in
military costume, are seen almost everywhere, in groat numbers.
Perhaps you are weary of these descriptions of what we are seeing in
the world — gorgeous churches, museums, picture galleries, mosques, zoologi-
cal gardens, relics, ruins, antiqilies, crumbling temples, statuary, obelisks,
sumptuous palaces, odd customs, singular manners of people, religious
fanaticisms, trickery and impostures, etc., but in sight-seeing we are con-
fined within the limits of what the pride and vanity of the world have
labored to exhibit, rather than what, in many instances, we should have
preferred seeing. It would have been more gratifying to record our inspec-
tion of systems, on magnificent and universal scales, designed to remove
poverty and distress, which, to a greater or less extent, everywhere prevail;
and to give all an opportunity, irrespective of creeds, geographical lines or
nationalities, of providing for their own wants and comforts, and of elevating
themselves to the highest spiritual, physical, moral and intellectual plane.
Berlin, Prussia, May I^h, 1875.
On the ninth, we started from Vienna by train, and arrived here the
following afternoon.
The country between Vienna and this, the capital of the German
empire, some five hundred or more miles, is delightful. Its immense undu-
lating plains, here and there forming into low hills and rising mounds, all
un«ler a high' state of cultivation, present a lovely and picturesque scene.
Tlie whole country appeared to be filled with industrious and enterprising
inhabitants. Elegant mansions peeping out amid the green foliage of
romantic groves, villas, with their respective chapels surmounted with broad
domes, or glittering steeples, and cities occasionally appearing in the
576 SUPPLEMENT.
distance, crowning the rising hills, altogether form a panoramic view that
is almost captivating.
On our arrival here we engaged quarters in the most fashionable and
aristocratic hotel in the city, in a very pleasant and stirring locality.
Berlin is situated on a sandy plain on the river Spree, and is considered,
in several respects, one of the finest and most interesting cities of Northern
Europe — the metropolis of knowledge for Northern Germany, and the cul-
tivated nursery of German arts and sciences. It contains about eight
hundred and thirty thousand inhabitants.
Many of the streets are broad and straight — the buildings frequently
four and five stories high. The finest street passes our hotel — it is called
"Unter den Linden," and is decorated with four rows of lime trees. In the
centre of this street is a broad avenue for pedestrians, and, on each side,
arrangements for footmen and carriages. This magnificent thoroughfare
extends from the Royal Palace to "Brandenburg Gate." This gate is con-
structed in the style of the Propylacan at Athens. It is sixty feet in height
and one hundred and ninety in width, embracing five passages for carriages
and footmen. It is surrounded by a figure emblematical of Victory seated
in a chariot, drawn by four horses. The height of the group is nearly
twenty feet. The expense of erecting this gate was in the neighborhood of
a half million of dollars.
The Royal Palace is an extensive building — six hundred and forty feet
in length by three hundred and seventy-six wide, containing six hundred
apartments. It contains a chapel, which is remarkable as being the place
where the baptismal ceremony of Frederic the Great was performed.
The Picture Gallery, which is now used for a banqueting hall, is over
two hundred in length and one hundred and twenty-five feet wide. The
largest room in this palace is one hundred and five feet in length by fifty-
one in width — decorated with a great variety of costly statues and portraits
of celebrated individuals. These palaces contain a new chapel, built in
1849, with a cupola measuring eighty-six feet in diameter. The altar is
surmounted by a cross of silver seven feet in height, studded with gems, the
cost of which is estimated at four hundred thousand dollars. There are
several other palaces in the city, and some at Potsdam, a few miles distant,
which is called the "Versailles of Prussia."
We have seen several splendid monuments, some of which we think as
fine as any we have seen in Europe; also many equestrian statues" of skij^ful
and elegant workmanship.
We called on Mr. G. Bancroft, the American Minister — were kindly
and warmly received, and enjoyed a very pleasant and sociable interview, at
the close of which he cordially proffered his assistance to the extent of his
SUPPLEMENT. 577
influence, in rendering our stay in Berlin profitable and interesting. Ho
subsequently visited us at our hotel.
Here, we were fortunate in meeting Dr. Schleiden, member of the
German Parliament, whose acquaintance we had formed in Salt Lake City»
and which we renewed in New York, as mentioned in a former conununi*
cation. This excellent gentleman was delighted to see and introduce ua to
his intimate friend, Mr. Kapp, also a member of Parliament. These
gentlemen have called upon us on several occasions, and have accorded us
free access to the House of Parliament, now in session; and have taken
much pains in showing us objects of interest, and through interesting
localities.
We were surprised to see the multitude of soldiers constantly parading
the main thoroughfares and streets in this city. Every day they are march-
int? past our hotel, in battalions, regiments, brigades and divisions, in the
most imposing style, with magnificent flags and banners displayed — all led
by instrumental bands of musicians in rich shining costumes — the whole
performing their evolutions in the strictest order, skill and precision, pre-
senting the finest and most splendid appearance of troops in any country
we have visited.
Those fashionable institutions, "houses of ill-fame," are said to flourish
and command the patronage of nearly all classes here, as in Paris, the gay
metropolis of France; and some of them are built at an immense cost, and
fitted up in fabulous splendor and sumptuousness. The people of Berlin,
viewed superficially, are remarkably intelligent, and appear interesting,
lovely, beautiful and happy, as though all were conscientious, moral,
upright and pure; but, in this city, as well as in most others we have seen,
corruption, rottenness, demoralization and misery are underneath.
C!onsiderable sensation was created among the aristocrats in our hotel,
through the calls of distinguished gentlemen on our party. Our celebrity
reached the public press, where we were creditably noticed, and perhaps
somewhat flattered.
London, May 19th.
We arrived here yesterday. Before we left Berlin, Elder Erastus Snow
and son bid us adieu, en route for Scandinavia, and Elder Schettler in
another direction, to attend to some necessary business, while President
Smith, my sister and I left for London, via Hamburg and the German
Ocean.
The country from Berlin to Hamburg is not prepossessing in its appear-
ance. It exhibits no variety nor beauty of scenery— the face of the country
is generally low and flat— similar to that of Holland, though not abounding
in canals and windmills.
678 SUPPLEMENT.
Hamburg contains a population of two liundrcd and twenty-five
thousand, and is the principal place of commerce, and one of the most
beautiful cities in Germany. It is situated on the river Elbe, about eighty
miles from its mouth. The port is very extensive, and crowded with
shipping of various tonnage.
The Bourse, the great rendezvous of merchants and capitalists of every
rank, presents a lively, stirring business aspect, between the hours of 1 and
2 o'clock p. m., when three or four thousand business people may generally
be seen thronging the apartments.
This city affords a beautiful, fashionable commonage along the quay,
which surrounds the basin formed by tVie the River Alsten.
The Church of St, James is much noted; it is surmounted by a steeple
three hundred and fifty feet in height. The great Church of St, Nicholas
is also considerably celebrated; it is ornamented with a magnificent steeple
four hundred and fifty-six feet high, which affords a wonderful panoramic
view from its summit. The Zoological and Botanical Gardens are repre-
sented to be among the finest in Germany.
We left Berlin on the fifteenth, and arrived in Hamburg the following
evening, with the intention of remaining one day only. At the railroad
station, the proprietor of a commodious hotel, in the most respectful man-
ner, solicited our patronage, conducted us into his best apartments, and
bestowed upon us more than ordinary attentions. The next day he offi-
ciated gratuitously as our guide through the city, taking particular pains and
manifesting deep interest in pointing out and explaining every object of
interest and curiosity. At first, we were a little suspicious that these extra-
ordinary attentions were designed to establish heav}^ claims on the purse,
but the mystery was at length revealed; this gentleman had read the Ger-
man papers, and, at once, recognized us as the "Distinguished Mormon
Delegation" from Salt Lake. Our notoriety here brought us acquaintances.
A gentleman who, for many years, had been successfully engaged, on
a large scale, in emigration, obtained an introduction, and very earnestly
solicited our patronage, believing that, very soon, we should have a heavy
emigration business in that country.
We left Hamburg on the sixteenth, on the steamer Iris, making our
way over the German Sea, and arrived at Blackwall, London, on the even-
ing of the eighteenth, after a pleasant and prosperous voyage.
Lorenzo Snow.
SUPPLEMENT. 579
LETTER XIV.
At St. Louis.— Fine scfenery.— Visit relatives.— Poem.— Obtain genealogies.—
Acknowledgment.
As a connecting link between my brother's letter written in London,
and his reception on his arrival at home, we copy the following from "Cor-
respondence of Palestine Tourists:"
St. Louis, June 2(>rH, 1873.
Editor Woman's Exponent:
Dear Lulu. — When writing you last, which was on the ocean, I did not
anticipate either time or opportunity for communication with you again
while on my way home, but in consequence of the extreme piety of this
infidel age, we are in this great, live city, detained over Sunday. We
arrived here yesterday morning from Kansas, where we found our youngest
brother, whom we had not seen for more than twenty yeare; he was then a
boy, now the father of a large and promising family, and located on a farm
one half mile square, in a beautiful rolling prairie country, commanding a
view, both grand and magnificent, extending as far as the eye can reach.
I think I never saw a finer or more picturesque landscape scenery, while
the soil is rich and very productive, situated five miles from Osage Mission,
the railroad station for that section.
But more about St. Louis. We, i. e., my brother Lorenzo and I,
intended leaving last evening, but are detained till 10 to-night, the hour
admitted as the close of the Sabbath, which, despite the sacred rest allotted
the railroad trains, is decidedly a day of bustle, recreation and hilarity.
While writing, my ears are saluted with almost every sound imaginable:
bands of instrumental music playing in various directionr; the rumble of
street cars, which are loaded to their utmost capacity, constantly on the
track, conveying gay pleasure seekers to different points; picnics by land
and picnics by water being a prominent order of the day; groups of people
are promenading the sidewalks, while processions are marching on the
streets; but the railroad trains must not profane the Sabbath.
When we lefl New York, my brother and I proceeded directly to the
place, in the State of Ohio, where he was born, and where both were
brought up— the place of our childhood and youth — also neighboring towns
and counties. I had been absent thirty-seven years; my brother had
580 SUPPLEMENT.
returned once within that time. Very many of our relatives and friends
have "gone the way of all the earth" since we left, and everything of
remembrance has yielded to the strokes of the battle axe of changeful
Time.
Our former loved associates
Have mostly passed away;
While those we knew as children
Are crowned with locks of gray.
We saw Time's varied traces
Were deep on every hand —
Indeed, upon the people,
More marked than on the land.
The hands that once with firmness
Could grasp the axe and blade.
Now move with trembling motion,
By strength of nerve decayed.
The change in form and feature
And furrows on the cheek
Of Time's increasing volume.
In plain, round numbers speak.
And thus, as in a mirror's
Reflection, we were told,
With stereotyped impressions,
The fact of growing old.
Those of our relatives and acquaintances who remain received us with
affectionate cordiality; indeed it was one continued ovation, from first to
last, through the counties of Portage, Geauga, Cuyahoga and Loraine,
where we went; even children born since we left that country came dis-
tances to see and converse with us, the former friends of their deceased
parents. Having been so long abroad, we felt anxious to return home; at
the same time, being desirous of seeing as many of our friends and relatives
as possible, we visited night and day, going from place to place in rapid
succession. I am inclined to think that so much visiting was never before
done in so little time.
We succeeded in gathering many genealogies both of the dead and the
living; and we think, in many instances, have renewed friendships, revived
and created associations that will extend into eternity. We feel that God is
with us, and humbly trust that His blessing will attend our efforts.
Eliza R. Snow.
SUPPLEMENT. 581
LETTER XV.
Home again.— Reception by friends.
Brigham City, Jdly 8th, 1873.
Editor Desert News:
About 7 p. m. yesterday, President L. Snow, on his return from the
"Holy Land," was met at Brigham Junction, four miles from here, by
Judge Wright, Bishop Nichols, the mayor and the city council, together with
a large company of ladies and gentlemen, with the Brigham City Brass
Band; also a representation of the Sunday School, the superintendent and
associate teachers bearing a magnificent banner with appropriate mottoes.
On arriving at the station, the Central Pacific train shortly appeared. On
President Snow alighting from the cars, welcome strains of music were
poured forth from the brass band. As he approached, the gentlemen took
off their hats and warmly greeted him. The passengers on the Central
Pacific train seemed to be inspired with the spirit of the occasion, as they
waved hats and handkerchiefs in concert with those of the reception party.
After President Snow had shaken hands cordially with each one of the
company, Judge Wright, in behalf of the citizens, delivered an appropriate
address, welcoming him home, etc., to which he briefly responded, return-
ing thanks for this unexpected honor, and alluded to his tour through
many countries, and journey of some twenty-five thousand miles without a
single accident; had seen much, and often highly gratified with various
scenes and objects of curiosity, but nothing had impressed his feelings so
pleasantly as this meeting with his Brigham City friends.
The vehicles were presently in motion, under the soul-stirring music,
which loudly echoed along the Wasatch mountains; the procession pro-
ceeded for three quarters of an hour in the bright moonlight evening, when
it reached President Snow's residence. He was here met by a large con-
course of citizens of all ages, anxious to manifest, personally, their earnest
feelings of welcome. The ceremonies of reception were here closed by an
appropriate tune from the brass band, when all dispersed to their homes.
A. Christensen.
^0^7777
M
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