Biology 32

Ex LIBRIS

UNIVERSITATIS

ALBERT7ENSIS

BIOLOGY 32 JNIVE' ^ »»^pBT* C /

EDUCATION

References ,

Primary Reference

BIOLOGY IN DAILY LIFE, Curtis and Urban

Secondary References

ELEMENTS OF BIOLOGY, Dodge, Smallwood, Reverley, Bailey

EXPLORING BIOLOGY, Ella The a Smith

MODERN BIOLOGY, Moon, Man and Otto

A LABORATORY COURSE IN BIOLOGY, J. G. Rempel

UNIT I - A SURVEY OF LIVING THINGS
Objectives

1. To give pupils an overview of the field of biology.

2. To give pupils an awareness of the interdependence of living things.

3. To give the teacher an opportunity to ascertain the interests and aptitudes
of the pupils .

It. To utilize the living things found abundantly in the community.
5. To enable the pupils to become acquainted with the living things in their
locality.

Generalizations

1. All living things are interdependent with their living and physical
environment.

2. The basic aspects of living - nutrition, protection, and reproduction -
are responsible for this interdependence.

3. Life exists wherever conditions such as food, water, oxygen, and certain
limits of temperature and pressure are favorable.

h. Life, matter, and energy follow cycles involving change but no loss or

creation.
5. The balance of nature is ever changing.

References

BIOLOGY IN DAILY LIFE, pp. 17-57; 511-569
ELEMENTS OF BIOLOGY, pp. U-36
EXPLORING BIOLOGY, pp. 5-112
MODERN BIOLOGY, pp. 53-86

UNIT III - GREEN PLANTS MAKE THE FOOD USED BY ALL LIVING THINGS

Objectives

1« To give the pupils a functional understanding of the energy transforma-
tions in the green plant.
2. To acquaint pupils with the basic structure of plants.

UNIVERSITY LIBRARY,
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Generalizations '

1. The sun is the source of all energy.

2. Green plants can transform the radiant energy of sunlight into chemical
energy of foods.

3. Matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed. They can only be changed
from one form into another.

Ii. The cell is the unit of structure of all living things.
5. The size and shape of cells vary according to function.

References

BIOLOGY IN DAILY LIFE, pp. 197-276
ELEMENTS OF BIOLOGY, pp. 293-3U8
EXPLORING BIOLOGY, pp. 201-216
MODERN BIOLOGY, pp. IM-513

UNIT IV - FOODS AND METABOLISM

Objectives

1. To give pupils a functional understanding of the life processes involved
in metabolism.

2. To give pupils an awareness of the important factors of a well-balanced
diet.

3. To create an appreciation of the value of good health habits for the
prevention of organic disorders.

Generalizations

1. There is a constant building up and tearing down within the body of every
living organism.

2. All organisms transform energy of foods into other energy such as chemical,
heat, mechanical energy.

3. The health of an individual depends upon the wise selection of foods.
I4. All organisms have adaptations for getting food.

5. All organisms have means of converting food into soluble form.

6. Food and oxygen must be made available to all parts of every organism.

7. The toxins which are constantly being formed as a result of metabolism
must be eliminated from the organism.

8. Cells have the ability to select from their environment those substances
with which they carry out their particular function,

9. All plants and animals are basically alike.

10. The more complex the organism the more complex its structures for carrying
out each metabolic process.

References

BIOLOGY IN DAILY LIFE, pp. 197-276
ELEMENTS OF BIOLOGY, pp. 2 93 -3 h 8
EXPLORING BIOLOGY, pp. 201-216
MODERN BIOLOGY, pp. hhh-513

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UNIT V - THE CONQUEST OF DISEASE

Objectives

1. To give pupils an understanding of the causes and nature of important
germ and non-germ diseases.

2. To give pupils an understanding of the body's natural defences against
disease.

3. To give pupils an appreciation of the contribution of scientists to the
conservation of human life through the prevention and treatment of diseases,

Generalizations

1. All living things are subject to diseases.

2. Some diseases of plants and animals are caused by parasites; others are
caused by dietary deficiencies; others are caused by glandular unbalance;
and others by allergies and wearing out of organs.

3. Living things , by their life activities, affect the welfare of other
living things .

Ii. Every kind of plant and animal has enemies, and only those that are able
to avoid or resist the attacks of enemies live long enough to produce
offspring.

5>. Parasitism results from the struggle for survival.

6. Some parasites require more than one host in order to complete their life
cycles .

7. Each germ disease is caused by a specific parasite.

8. The bodies of organisms have various natural defei^es against attacks
by micro-organisms.

9. We can conserve human life by the application of scientific knowledge to
prevention and treatment of disease.

References

BIOLOGY IN DAILY LIFE, pp. 277-35U
ELEMENTS OF BIOLOGY, pp. 389-I4IO
EXPLORING BIOLOGY, pp. 2U5-316
MODERN BIOLOGY, pp. 559-606

UNIT VI - THE BEHAVIOR OF LIVING THINGS
Objectives

1. To give pupils the basic concepts necessary for understanding plant and
animal behavior.

2 . To give pupils an appreciation of their own nervous system.

3. To give pupils the understanding that behavior usually has definite
causative factors and that man must study these causative factors in an
effort to understand and control his own behavior.

Generalizations

1. All living things react to stimuli.

20 Successful reactions make it possible for the organism to obtain its basic
needs.

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3. Most organisms are of such complexity that they need specialized structures

to govern behavior.
Lt. Man's nervous system assures him of top place in the world of life.

5. Man's behavior is determined by his general physical condition, by his rate
of growth, by his chemical balance, and by his nervous system,

6. An individual's behavior is limited by his heredity and greatly affected
by his environment.

7. The character of the response is often determined by the efficiency of the
sense organs.

8. Man can increase his efficiency by conditioning his behavior.

References

BIOLOGY IN DAILY LIFE, pp. 3^-h27
ELEMENTS OF BIOLOGY, pp. 3b9-376
EXPLORING BIOLOGY, pp. 317-360
MODERN BIOLOGY, pp. 5lh-$3hi U99-507

UNIT VII - REPRODUCTION OF LIVING THINGS
Objectives

1. To develop an understanding of the beginnings of life.

2. To learn the differences and similarities in the reproductive processes
of plants and animals.

3. To learn something of the way nature has provided for the care of the
young.

h» To study the elementary embryology of a few typical plants and animals.

Generalizations

1. Reproduction is a universal and natural process in the biological world.

2. Reproduction is fundamentally the separating-off of a part of an organism
to make another like itself.

3. A great variety of adaptations aid in the reproductive process.

h. Some plants and animals employ sexual methods, some asexual and some both.
Sexual reproduction may occur in all but the lowest plants and animals.

5. Sexual reproduction involves fertilization.

6. Development from zygote to complex organism proceeds in regular and
definite fashion very similar in all organisms,

7. Sex glands produce hormones as well as reproductive cells,

8. Number of offspring is in adverse proportion to the amount of parental
care.

References

BIOLOGY IN DAILY LIFE, pp. Ij28-h6li
ELEMENTS OF BIOLOGY, pp. £70-573
EXPLORING BIOLOGY, pp. 361-U22
MODERN BIOLOGY, pp. 170-195

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UNIT VIII - VARIATION AND HEREDITY

Objectives

1. To develop some understanding of the succession of living things through
the ages.

2. To develop an understanding of the role of heredity in one's own
environment .

3. To gain a knowledge of the units that carry the characteristics from
parents to offspring.

h. To learn how the laws of heredity may be applied to plant and animal breed-
ing and to the improvement of the human race.
5. To develop interest associated with the care of plants and animals.

Generalizations

1. Records of life of past ages are obtained from the study of fossils.

2. The fossil evidence indicates that the kinds of plants and animals that
inhabited the earth change in form and structure over long periods of
time.

3. Every expressed character in an individual is the product of the inter-
action of genetic and environmental factors.

h. Variation is a universal phenomenon among living things.

5. Characters are usually inherited as units and are determined by genes
carried in the chromosomes.

6. Evolution is a process consisting largely of the chance formation of new
heredity factors and their loss or increase in frequency within a
population.

7. Knowledge of the mechanism of heredity has made it possible to use a system
of trial and error, and dependable prediction, in the production of new,
more useful varieties of plants and animals.

8. The difference between one race and another is usually not a matter of the
possession by one or another of certain unique characters.

9. Chromosomes may be altered by environmental factors so that mutations
appear which suddenly show significant changes in form or character in
one or more heritable characteristics in a single generation.

10. Success in the breeding of new and of more useful domesticated plants
and animals rests upon knowledge of the mode of the inheritance of
specific traits .

References

BIOLOGY IN D/.ILY LIFE, pp. l»65-509
ELEMENTS OF BIOLOGY, pp. 575-588; 60^-632
EXPLORING BIOLOGY, pp. b23-50lj
MODERN BIOLOGY, pp. 607-668

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UNIT IX - THE KINDS OF LIVING THINGS

(Some teachers may prefer to take this Unit immediately after Unit I or to dis-
perse it among the other units.)

Objectives

lo To give the pupils an understanding of the important characteristics of

the great groups of plants and animals.
2. To give pupils an understanding of the relationship of the great groups

of plants and animals to one another,.

Generalizations

1« Animals can be divided into about ten phyla, all the members of each having
certain characteristics in common.

2. The vertebrate sub-phylum can be divided into several classes, the members
of each class having certain unique characteristics.

3. Plants can be divided into four phyla, each of which is subdivided into
classes.

he The higher forms of life are more complex in structure. This increase in
complexity of structure is accompanied by an increase in division of labor.

References

BIOLOGY IN DAILY LIFE, pp., 513-569
ELEMENTS OF BIOLOGY, pp. 589-603
' EXPLORING BIOLOGY, pp. 27-112
MODERN BIOLOGY, pp. 219-h2h

DATE DUE SLIP

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