BIOLOGY
LIBRARY
G
THE
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B N A fjjuilli
',*,'.,'
ARRANGED AS AN OUTLINE OF
REGIONAL AND SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY
BY
VICTOR E. EMMEL
Additional copies of this work may be obtained at
$1.50 eachnby addressing University of California Press, Berkeley,
*
California.
BI01C
G
COPYRIGHT APPLIED FOR. 191 9
By
VICTOR E. EUEffiL.
The
B A
ARRANGED AS AN OUTLINE OF REGIONAL
AND SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY
by
VICTORS. EMMBL, M.S., PH.D.
Associate Professor of Anatomy
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
PREFACE.
The Basle Anatomical Nomenclature (the B N A) has been preeminently
successful in the simplification of anatomical terminology. Out of a total
of 50,000 anatomical terms about 45,000 have been eliminated as unoesesary
synonyms. As a consequence, anatomical terminology as represented by the
B N A now consists of a list cf some 5, OSS simple, unambiguous terms for the
rtaneroscopic structures of the hunan body.
This list of terms, intended for common use in the medical schools, is
arranged on the basis of systematic anatomy. Doubtless, such an arrangement
was best adapted for the purpose of bringing about this revision of terminology.
On the other hand, it appears obvious that froQ the standpoint of practical
anatomy, a regional arrangement of these terms in conjunction with their
systematic tabulation would greatly extend the usefulness of the B N A. In
dissecting laboratories and surgical clinics, the structures represented by
the SNA terms are encountered in the various regions of the body, not as
anatomical systems, but as segments of these systems grouped together in
certain definite regional relationships. In attempting to correlate systematic
text and cadaver, the one proves almost as difficult to dissect as the other.
It appears important, therefore, that the present systematic B N A should
be expanded to include a correlated regional arrangement of anatomical terms; -
an arrangement based upon the sequence in which the structures indicated by
these terms may be exposed and demonstrated to the naked eye in actual dissec-
tion. The present work represents such an attempt and is the outgrowth of
several years of laboratory experience in which a regional arrangement of
B N A terms in miiaeograph copies has been given a thorough trial and its useful-
ness clearly demonstrated.
The present work is presented in two parts dealing with the B N A terras
45202S
II.
as arranged, first, on the basis of regional anatomy, and, second, on the basis
of systematic anatomy, with numeral indices facilitating cross references from
the one to the other. The regional arrangement is given precedence since it
is in their regional relations that anatomical structures are first encountered
in practical study. The work also includes a complete series of figures for
the surface anatomy, surface projection of the skeleton and lines of skin
incision for the various regions of the body (omitted in the present copy).
Part I constitutes a regional resume" of anatomical structures, A tabula-
tion for any given region necessarily involves only those structures or segments
of structures which are embraced within the confines of that region. Structures
such as the larger nerves or vessels extending through two or more regions
would be relisted for each region in which they occur. In general the terms
have been arranged with a view tc greatest utility for student and clinical
9 -
reference in practical work. In presenting the subject of human anatomy it is
frequently difficult to steer a course between the Scylla of too great detail
and the Charybdis of a paucity of subject matter, but in any event the present
tabulation may serve as a basis from which deviation may be made in either
direction as the requirements of the special case nay dictate. In a few
instances, in the interest of the student but subject to possible criticism on
pedagogical grounds, the terms for structures such as some of the smaller rani
of blood vessels or nerve plexuses which nay be relatively of secondary
importance or especially difficult to demonstrate, are printed in smaller type
(indicated by affixed double asterisks in the present mimeograph copy) . With
the exception of such osteological elements as are encountered in surface
anatomy, terns relative to skeletal structures have been largely omitted in
Part I. In this connection, the figures showing the surface projection of the
skeleton should prove of value for purposes of general reference and orienta-
tion (omitted in the "present copv).
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III.
Concise statements are given for the more important incisions and dissec-
tions involved in the demonstration of the structureo as listed for each region
The order in which these regions and their component structures are dealt with
is based primarily upon the sequence of dissection developed in Cunningham's
Manual of Practical Anatomy, which nay be regarded as representing a method of
procedure prevalent in the majority of American and English anatomical
laboratories. From the standpoint of systematic anatomy, it may not be a
matter of euch great importance as to what sequence nay be followed in dissec-
tion so long as the structures in question are really exposed and observed.
From the standpoint of regional anatomy, however, the subject presents quite a
different aspect. In the latter case, the structures should be exposed in a
sequence most favorable for the observation of those structural relationships
which are of greatest practical significance. Toward this end, therefore, 'the
methods of dissection in general should represent the culmination of the best
available anatomical and surgical experience and this finds perhaps its best
expression at the present time in the work of the British and more especially
of the Edinburgh school of anatomists. Barkers' Laboratory Manual of Human
Anatomy, 1904, which in method is in close agreement with that of the Edinburgh
School, has also been a source of valuable suggestions, especially in the case
of the brain and sense organs.
Part II constitutes a systematic resume* of anatomical structures and, with
the exception of certain minor changes, is based upon the systeiratic arrangement
of the B N A terms as originally published by His, 1895. This arrangement, as
emphasized by Dr. F. T. Lewis, Stohr's Textbook of Histology, 6th edition, p.vi,
is such as to furnish "an excellent means by which students may review anatomy".
In Part I uome of the terms are in Latin, while others are anglicized.
In a few instances it has been necessary to employ a term not listed in the
B N_ / Ay as for example in the case of the surgical triangles of the neck. Such
' - . .
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IV.
terms can, however, always be recognized through the absence of cross reference
numerals. In Part II all of the SNA terms have been retained in their
original Latin form. In the case of Part I, that form of the term has been
used which appears most prevalent in the majority of the standard English and
American anatomical texts and in the conversational language of the laboratory
and clinic. Where this is not clear, the Latin term is given. In the event
of differences in different texts, regarding the terms which are anglicized,
the cross references to Part II facilitate a ready reference to the equivalent
Latin form, as for example in the case of stomach and ventriculus, or spleen
and lien. In this connection it must be recognized that as yet there is no
authoritative list of English equivalents for the B N A and no unanimity of
agreement as to the usage of Latin or anglicized forms, - a problem toward the
solution of which an authoritative decision by proper representatives from
English speaking countries would render an important contribution in the
interests of medical science.
A thorough understanding and adequate command ci anatomical terms cons
stitute an important objective in anatomical study. The same is eqailly true
of dexterity in dissection, independence of observation and the verification of
textbook statements. In the last analysis, however, perhaps the matter of
greatest importance is the student's own efforts toward the interpretation and
organization of the facts and observations thus acquired. Instructors,
cadavers, textbooks, atlases and laboratory manuals are only means to an end.
If the student is lacking in this ability or fails to develop it, all of these
accessories will be of little avail. A mere memory of anatomical terms and
all the minutiae of structure do not in themselves constitute a working know-
ledge. It is only as these data become organized in such a way that when
confronted with the living body we can visualize the form, position, relations
and functions of its various structures as component parts of a living working
:
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V.
machine and at the same time have a ready command of the terms by which these
structures are designated, that we can regard ourselves as having made any
great degree of progress toward a irastery of human anatomy. Toward the
realization of this end the present work is necessarily only one of many
factors. It has been undertaken with a keen appreciation of the almost dis-
couraging character of some of the perplexing problems it involves and that at
best it must represent a beginning which only the cumulative data acquired with
more extended experience and criticism can bring to its greatest perfection.
Its immediate purpc.^- will, however, be attained if it proves to be of real
utility in the establishment of a basis for a more direct correlation of
anatomical terminology and structure in the practical study of the cadaver and
in the presentation of a resume of regional and systema'ft* anatomy materially
facilitating the attainment of such a v/orkirg knowledge -cl the human mechanism.
Criticisms, suggestions or memoranda of errors, a certain number of which
have not always been successfully eliminated from the mimeograph stencils will
be greatly welcomed. It has also been suggested that should the proposition
involved in the present work recommend itself sufficiently, possibly the
cumulative experience and criticism from various laboratories might eventually
find expression through some representative anatomical committee or commission
leading to a more authoritative presentation of the subject.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
Berkeley, California, Sept. 27, 1919,
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C ONTENT5
Part One
Regional Anatomy
THE SUPERIOR EXTREMITY
Page
Structures of the baclc: with reference primarily to structures
in relation to the superior extremity. ----- - ... 1
Surface anatomy 1
Regions of the back .... . ................ ...__...-._... 2
Fascia, cutaneous nerves and vessels - - 2
Muscles, nerve and vessels - - 2
Muscles: lajsdr ... 2
Structures in relation to superior margin of scapul 2
Muscles: second layer 3
Nerves and vessels 3
Anterior thoracic region and axillary fossa. _...-. 3
Surface anatomy 3
Pectoral regions .............. ....... . 3
Anterior thoracic wall: superficial structures 4
Superficial fascia, cutaneous nerves and blood vessels 4
Mamma. 4
Anterior throacic wall: deep fascia and pectoralis major
muscle .............. ... _ -.... 4
Axillary fossa and structures subjacent to the pectoralis
major muscle ...... . ......... . 4
Structures in relation to base of axillary fossa- - 4
Structures exposed by reflection of clavicular part of
pectoralis major muscle - 5
Structures exposed by reflection of Eternocostal part of
pectoralis major muscle 5
Contents of superior part of axillary fossa .... 5
Contents of inferior part of axillary fossa ..... 5
Structures in relation to medial wall of axillary fossa 5
Structures in relation to posterior wall of axillary
fossa - . - ... ...... 5
Axillary vessels ......... ...... 6
Subclavius muscle 6
Erachial plexus 6
Serratus anterior muscle-- _.......
Superior extremity: general characteristics 7
Subdivisions -...... .. ... .... 7
Regions of the Superior Extremity - 7
Region of shoulder .-.. ...... 7
Fascia, cutaneous nerves and cephalic vein .... 7
Muscles, nerves, vessels and ligaments of the shoulder 8
Arm and superficial structures of forearm and dorsum of hand- Q
Surface anatomy of arm and forearm - -
Arm (anterior aspect) and forearm: superficial structures - 9
Cutaneous nerves 9
Veins and lymphatics-- ..... ......__.......-........ 9
Arm (anterior aspect) : deep structures ... .... ... 9
Deep fascia -.-. - i*
Arteries ........ _ ... n
Veins ; > 10
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CONTENTS VI1
Pa feg.
Nerves ' -. . * _ .- - 10
Muscles . _ .......... 10
Cubital fossa 10
Arm ^posterior aspect) - ________________ 10
Dorsum of hand: superficial structures 11
Forearm: volar aspect and ulnar margin _ 11
Deep fascia and cutaneous nerves piercing it -* ....
Radial artery and nerve 11
Superficial muscles --- .... 11
Ulnar vessels and median nerve 12
Deep structures on volar aspect of forearm -- 12
\Vrist and hand: volar aspect .. 12
Surface anatomy 12
Fascia and cutaneous nerves ----- 12
Muscles, nerves, vessels and ligaments 13
Nerves and vessels superficial to the nuscles and flexor
tendons of the palm 13
Ligaments and mucous sheaths of flexor tendons - - 13
Muscles _ 13
Nerves and vessels internal to the flexor tendons end-rrusr: s -s 13
of the palm . 14
Forearm: dorsal aspect and radial margin 14
Fascia, muscles, nerves and vessels '- 14
Deep fascia - .... -- - 14
Superficial muscles 14
Nerves and vessels 14
Deep muscles 14
"Jrist and hand: dorsal aspect ... ..... 15
Muscles, nerves and vessels 15
Vessels 15
Muscles, nerves and ligaments 15
Articulations of superior extremity 15
Shoulder joint ............ ........ _____________ .... 15
Elbow joint ......... ____________________________ 15
Joint of the hand . - 15
Radiocarpal articulation 15
Intercarpal articulation 16
Pisiform articulation ..... .......... . .. ....... 16
Radioulnar articulation . ... . is
Carpometacarpa.1 articulations -. ... ... .......... 16
Internets' carpal articulations 16
Metacarpophalangeal articulations 16
Articulations of the digits 16
THORAX AND DEEP STRUCTURES OF THE BACK
General characteristics ., . . 17
Subdivisions of thorax and back ~ 17
Surface anatomy _ .. ._ 17
General osteological characteristics of the thorax _ 17
Regions of thorax and back .- i?
Thoracic wall: anterior and lateral parts - 17
Intercostal muscles, ligaments and nerves 17
Blood-vessels -__ . IQ
Thoracic cavity and viscera . 13
Pleura and pleural cavities . 18
Lungs . 19
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CONTENTS VIII.
Fage
Surface anatomy -- - 19
Internal structure of lung - 19
Root of lung and related structures 2')'
Strudtures in relation to the right and left roots 20
Structures within the pulmonary roots -- 20
Phrenic nerve and nerves to 6he superficial part of the
cardiac plexus -- - 20
Thynms 20
Pericardium -__-_-_-. ______________ 20
Great veins of the thorax and their tributaries ------------- 21
Heart and aorta 21
Surface anatomy ----- _. 21
Nerve and vascular supply 21
Cavities of the heart. Pulmonary vessels 22
Aorta and its branches --------- --- ------ 23
Myocardium and fibrous rings of the heart -------------- 23
Cardiac plexus 23
Trachea and bronchi - . 24
Posterior mediastinal cavity and structures within it - 24
Thoreaio wall: posterior part ____- _-- _ 24
Thoracic part of the sympathetic system 24
Structures in relation to internal surface of posterior
thoracic wall 24
Deep structures of back 25
Posterior serrati muscles and lumbodorsal fascia 25
Intrinsic muscles of back ---------------- __ 25
Nerves and blood-vessels -- 26
Vertebral canal: blood-vessels and meninges -- 26
Spinal cord: nerves, blood-vessels and surface anatomy - 27
Spinal nerves -_ _-- 27
Blood-vessels - 27
Surface anatomy -- ... 27
Spinal cord: internal structure .- 27
Gray matter ----- - .... 28
V/hite matter 28
Articulations of the thorax 28
Sternocostal articulations 28
Costovertebral articulations - 28
Capitular articulations - - - 28
Costotransverse articulations 28
Articulations of the vertebral column 29
HEAD AND NECK
Structures in relation to scalp and temporal region. 30
General characteristics of the cranium . 30
Subdivisions of the cranium 30
Regions of the head 30
Scalp and temporal regions: superficial blood-vessels and
nerves .-.- -_- ... 30
Frontal region ....... . . 30
Temporal region ............. ...... ..._.... 30
Mastoid and occipital regions 30
Scalp: deeper structures 31
Muscles - 31
Lymphatics . . 31
Auricle or external ear -.._: _ _ 31
.- , .-* r . - .
....
CONTENTS IX.
Paee
Intracranial structures in relation to brain and cranial wall ---
Structures exposed by reaoval of calvaria ..._
Structures exposed by removal of brain --- 32
Roots of cerebral nerves 32
General structural characteristics of exposed base of
cranium and related dura mater --- -
Sinuses of the dura rater - ~ -
Arteries 33
Hypophysis - 34
Structures in the lateral and anterior regions of neck -- 34
Surface anatomy --- ---- - . - ..... 34
Regions of the neck ..... ........ .......... 34
Superficial fascia, platysma, veins and cutaneous nerves ~ -- 34
Deep cervical fascia and sternucleidona&toid muscle - - 35
Posterior triangle - . -- 35
Occipital triangle ---- -.-- 35
Supraclavicular triangle ---- 36
Supraclavicular part of brachial plexus ._..---. 36
Muscles in floor of posterior triangle ---- 36
Anterior triangle ...-. ...*. 35
Submaxillary or digastric triangle .-- 36
Carotid triangle - - 37
Muscular triangle -- 37
Structures in relation to anterior median line of neck .... . 38
Suprahyoid region -.- -. 38
Infrahyoid region -- 38
Muscles of neck: second and third layers -. ----- 38
Sternoclavicular articulation .. 38
Root of neck -- 38
Muscles ..-- 38
Blood-veesels and lymphatics --- --- 38
Nerves i.. -- 39
Remaining structures at root of neck - _.--..- 39
Cervical plexus and viscera of neck- - ..-. ~- 39
Back of head and neck ---- 40
Regions of back of head and neck .._..... 40
Fascia, superficial nerves and muscles 40
Muscles in relation to back of neck .... . 40
Deeper blood-vessels and nerves of back of neck 41
Face and frontal region of head - - 42
Surface anatomy ..-.-_ _._..._-. ..-.-. 42
Regions of face ------ ... ........ . .... - .-....-. 42
Kascia and parotid gland .... ----- ...... ---. 43
Superficial nerves of face 43
Superficial blood-vessels of face - ... ....... 44
Muscles of face and front of head 44
Structures in relation to temporal and infratemporal fossae . 44
Fascia, muscles and vessels ..- ..-.- 44
Mandibular articulation . ....... ......... 46
Nerves ------. ..... ......... 46
Mandibular canal ...----- 46
Suboaxillary canal .... -- 41
Superficial structures in submaxillary region 47
Deeper structures in submaxillary region ..- 47
Structures in relation to deeper regions of neck and base of cranium-- 47
Otic ganglion, tensor veli palatini, stylopharyngeus muscles-- - 47
Blood-vessels 48
,
COKIENTS X.
Page..
Nerves .-.-_.-..., _.______. _ - 49
Sympathetic trunk - . ._-.--. 49
Structures in relation to cervical part of vertebral column, and
posterior part of base of skull -..-.__.-____-.--. 50
Muscles, nerves and blood-vessels - . . __________ 50
Articulations of cervical vertebrae III-VII - 50
Articulations of epistropheus, atlas and occipital bone 50
Cervical part of vertebral _anal and spinal cord -- 51
Remaining structures in anterior part of head and neck -. 51
Pharynx .._._ ......-..--... ......... ...... 52
MusciLes and fascia of pharynx . - ... - -- -..-- 52
Cavity of pharynx i. .-.-*-.------. 52
Mouth and fauces ......-.; -...--- ~.-~-* 53
General characteristics of cavity of mouth - ....... 53
Mucous membrane of mouth 54
Glands of mouth .... . - 54
Teeth - 54
Tongue .......... . ... ... 54
Fasces 54
Soft palate and related structures ----------- ----.-- 54
Muscles -----.--_-------_-------.------_.---.--..--.----__--------- 54
Arteries - ....-.-....-....- 55
Nerves -------.--_-_----_---__-_-_-_----_-_-_-_-.---___-------- 55
Auditory tube --------------------- _____________________________ 55
Nasal cavity ..... . .. 55
Nasal septum ____-_------ 55
Cavity and lateral walls of nose ----- .... 55
Paranasal sinuses -- -- 56
Nerves and vessels in lateral wall of nasal cavity 56
Nasal cartilages .... ... ... ...... ...... 55
Larynx . _ _ _ . 55
Cavity of larynx . . ~ 56
Laryngeal muscles, hyothyreoid and elastic membrane 57
Laryngeal nerves and vessels -. ...... 57
Laryngeal cartilages and ligaments 58
Tongue ..... . . . -- 59
General characteristics and surface anatomy 59
Muscles of tongue ........ . 39
Nerves and vessels of the tongue ~ 60
Structures in middle cranial fos_a -..,_. . . -_ - ..... 60
3yelids and lacriinal apparatus ....... ....... .._.. 61
Eyelids . 61
Lacriraal apparatus; ..... ..... .-,_ ........ . 61
Structures in relation to orbit - .... 61
Structures in superior part of orbit and fascia of eyeball 61
Optic nerve , nasociliary nerve and ciliary ganglion 62
Blood-vessels of orbit .......... . 62
Remaining structures of orbit : 62
Structures in carotid and infraorbital canals and pterygopalatine fossa 63
Carotid canal . ... . . . . 63
Maxillary nerve and infraorbital canal 63
Sphenopalatine ganglion . .... ... i. ..... 64
Internal maxillary artery . .. 64
Auditory apparatus: external and middle ear 64
Walls of tympanic cavity 64
Auditory ossicles, articulations, ligaments and muscles 65
External acoustic meatus .---_.- . .... .... 66
Intraosseous course of facial, intermediate and acoustic nerves 66
CONTENTS XI.
Page
Brain: General characteristics, meninges, blbod vessels and cerebral
nerves - - _________________ 67
Larger subdivisions of brain 67
Meninges and blood vessels of brain -- 67
Meninges ------ - 67
Blood vessels - - -. ............ 68
Base of brain and cerebral nerves 68
Base p. brain - .... .............. 60
Cerebral nerves ......... ..... 69
Brain: Surface anatomy of rhombencephalon and mesencephalon .---.- 69
Rhorabencephalon .-_ 69
Medulla oblongata .... ............. ......... 70
Pens 70
Isthmus of rhombencephalon - ...-- ........
Cerebellum 70
Fourth ventricl.t - .... . ..... .............
Floor of fourth ventricle ...... .........
Roof of fourth ventricle
Mesencephalon -.-. - 71
Brain: Surface anatomy of prosencephalon -
General subdivisions of prosencephalon
Telenctphalon - ... - .... __....-..
Pallium: general characteristics - ....
Lobes of cerebrum
Medial surface of hemisphere -
Rhine nee phalon -- "-- - 74
Hypothalamus -. ........ .-. -
Corpus callosum 74
Ventriculus lateralis --
Septum pellucidum, fornix and tela chorioidea 75
Thalamencephalon . .-..-..-.. ... 76
Thelamus 76
Metathalamus --- 76
Epithalamue -. .-...-.
Ventriculus tertius .. ... _.
Brain: Sections through brain
Structures in sections of medulla oblongata -
Structures in sections of pins
Structures in sections of cerebellum ... 77
Structures in sections of rhombenciphalic isthmus and
meeencephalon -
Sections of isthmus rhombencephali .-
Sections of pedunculus cerebri - - .-
In sections of corpora quadrigenina .... --
Structures in sections through prosencephalon -
Sections of hypothalamus --
Sections of thalamencephalon -
Sections of telencephalon . -...
Organ of Vision 78
Cptic nerve .... ... ....... . - ..--. .. 73
Bulbus oculi . -. 78
Tunica fibrosa oculi *
Sciera 79
Cornea 79
Tunica vasculosa oculi -
Chorioidea 79
Corpus ciliare 80
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CONTENTS XII .
Page
Iris _ 80
Ciliary r.erves and vessels ..... 80
Pigment layer .. 80
Retina .. . 80
Vitreous body .... 81
Zonula ciliaris .... 81
Crystalline lens -_ .. ._......_... 81
Chambers of eyeball .... . ... 81
ABDOMEN AND PELVIS
General characteristics . ..... . .. . ... 82
Subdivisions of abdomen and pelvis .-.,-_.. 82
Surface anatomy . ..... .._.....*_... 82
Regions - . 82
Perineal region ..... ......... ... 83
Surface anatony ..... . .. . . 83
Perineal region in general ... 63
Pudendal region in the male -- .... __. 83
Pudendal region in the female ....... 83
Urogenital region: structures external to urogenital diaphragm- 83
In the male . . . __ . _ _ .. 83
In the female -- - ....... _ ... _ ....... ___ 84
Urogenital diaphragm .*..... - 84
Inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm 84
Structures in the urogenital diaphragm in the male -- 85
Structures in the urogenital diaphragm in the female 85
Anal region . ... *.*. *.. 85
Anterior abdominal wall .... . .. 86
Fascia, cutaneous nerves and vessels -- .... .- 86
Deeper structures of anterior abdominal wall . ~ 86
Muscles and related structures .. 86
Internal surface of anterior abdominal wall 87
Inguinal canal, scrotum spermatic cord and testis ......... 88
Inguinal canal . . 88
Scrotum and spermatic cord - - . .._.__ ..... .. 88
Testis . ._ .. 88
Abdominal cavity, peritoneum and viscera . 89
Abdominal cavity and peritoneum --- . 89
General characteristics of abdominal cavity, viscera and
peritoneum -- - -.-.-. ... ....... .......... 89
Peritoneal folds and fodSa in relation to small and large
intestine - . -. ... .... ... 89
Peritoneal ligaments in relation to liver stomach and spleen 89
Omental bursa .- 90
Relations of pelvic peritoneum ----- - _ ----- .......... 90
Peritoneal relations in general - .... ......... 90
Mesenteric blood-vessels, nerves and lymphatics ----- ........ 90
Mesenterial small intestine and the large intestine -. 91
i'esenterial small intestine ------ ... ......._. ... 91
Large intestine ...... . . . ... 91
Structures in relation to the wall of the omental bursa 92
Biliary ducts and vessels in the lesser omentum 92
Remaining vessels in relation to walls of omental bursa 92
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CONTENTS XIII.
Page,
Duodenum and pancreas ------ 93
Duodenum -_,.-_. _ _ ... 93
Pancreas 93
Stomach and spleen .___- ___ __._..._. 93
Stomach ............. 93
Spleen __._ 93
Sympathetic plexuses in relation to coeliac ganglion and ceoliac
plexus - 94
Liver -- - _-_-- 94
Suprarenal gland, kidney and ureter ---- 95
Suprarenal gland, -^to>^> ->0A. - .............. _.-__, 95
Vascular supply of tne Kidney and Suprarenal gland- 96
Kidney _______ ______ ______________________________ 95
Ureter . 96
Diaphragm ... -- .... 96
Structures in relation to the posterior abdominal wall 96
Blood-vessels and lymphatics 96
Arteries ___________ ______ . ___ ___ __ 97
Veins and lymphatics 97
Fascia and muscles of posterior abdominal wall - 97
Nerves of the posterior abdominal v/all ................ 98
Pelvis - . - _ . __, _ _.. _ gg
Osteology . __ . _______ _ __ ___. . . 93
Peritoneum and fascia in relation to the pelvis'- - A....... 99
Peritoneal foils ii nilcVpelvIb---*. . 99
I eritciiojin o'-.eEftle pelvis --_____ .... 99
Fascia ..-.. _.._-- ... . 99
Pelvic viscera --- ___________ . _____________ 100
In the male pelvis - . 100
In the female pelvis - - ...... 101
Pelvic blood vessels (male and female) 102
Arteries -.. _. - ._ 102
Veias -.-. - ._-__... . ...... . i-_3
Pelvic muscles and nerves 103
Pelvic articulations ....__. _. 103
. THE INFERIOR EXTREMITY
General characteristics of inferior extremity - - ----- - ----- - ------- <- 105
Subdivisions --------------- - ------- . --- . ------------- *. ---------- . 105
Regions -- .- ._......_.i....... ......._. __ __ __ __ 105
Gluteal region -------------------------------------- ._> ______________ _ 105
Surface anatomy - --- ---- . ___ . __ _ 105
Fascia and cutaneous ijerves ------- -~ ; ----- - . ------ - ---- - . ---- 106
Glutaeus maximus muscle -------------- - --- - ... ________ _____ . 106
Structures exposed by reflection of glutaeus maximus muscle ------ 106
SStructures distal to the piriformis muscle - -------------- - 106
Structures proximal and lateral to the pirif oraie muscle ---- - 107
Structures exposed by reflection of glueaeus minimus muscle ---- -- 107
Popliteal space - . ---- ... -------- __ ____ ._.._._..._.. __ ..... 107
Surface anatomy ...- --._..._._.._.. ___ ____. -..^.t, IQ?
Fascia, superficial nerves and vessels --------- - - - ____ 10?
Popliteal space: large nerves and vessels --- ---------------- .. 108
Popliteal space: medial and lateral boundaries ------------------- 108
Contents of popliteal space ----- . __ - ___ . ___ .._. _____ .__ ________
~~~
Nerves -------------------------------- ... ----------- 1Q8
Blood-vessels and lymphatics
. . ,
.r -*
. .
..- I
. . - .
. t "
^ - . . ...-.,.
/.;TS XTV.
.;. :-->'>
_Paj?e_
Floor of popliteal space -- - 103
Posterior part of thigh 109
Fascia and cutaneous nerves 109
Eteecles - - 109
Nerves and blood-vessels . 109
Anterior part of thigh 109
Surface anatomy ----- 10<
Regions in relation to anterior aspect of thigh ---- - - ---- liO
Fascia, superficial vessels, lymphatics and cutane'ous nerves ---- 110
Superficial fascia, blood-vessels and lymphatics - 110
Fossa oval'is - -__- .-- 110
Cutaneous nerves, superficial praepatellar bursae 110
D&ep fascia and related ligaments ._... m
Femoral sheath 111
Femoral trigone and its contents 111
Adductor canal and its contents - - 112
Muscles of the front of thigh 112
Medial side of thigh 113
Muscles, nerves and vessels . - 114
Hip joint 114
Structures in relation to hip joint 114
Leg and foot . 114
General characteristics .. . ..... _ _ ........ 114
Subdivisions -. 114
Surface anatomy --.- 115
Regions --------- 115
Anterior region of leg and dorsum of foot < 115
Superficial fascia, cutaneous nerves and vessels 115
Deep fascia . 116
Muscles in anterior ragion of leg --- 116
Arteries 116
Nerves - ____- 116
Muscles of dorsuin of foot . .... 117
Lateral or percnsal region of leg - 117
Deep fascia and muscles - ........ 117
Nerves - _---- 117
Medial region of leg - -- .... - --- 117
Posterior region of leg and heel ... ... 117
Fascia, superficial vessels and cutaneous nerves --- 117
Muscles: superficial group .-... --.- 118
Muscles: deep group 118
Arteries - ------------- .......... ...-.-..---------.--- 118
Nerves ___-_ ........... ___.__ ___-- ------ 119
Laciniate ligament .... ..... - 119
rPlantar region of foot ...... - - 119
Fascia and superficial veins - 119
Muscles: superficial layer .... . 119
Plantar arteries US
Plantar nerves - 120
Muscles: second layer of muscles and tendons ---- - ---.- 120
Muscles: third layer ..- - .-- - 120
Plantar arch and doep division of plantar nerve -- ISO
Interosseous muscles ~nd de^p tendons 120
COKOT-iIS XV.
Pag;e
Articulations of leg and foot 120
Knee joint 121
Ankle joint - 121
Tibiofibular joints . 121
Intertarsal articulations _ 121
Tarsoraetatarsal articulations - - 122
Interraetatarsal articulations .... -_ 122
Metatarsbphalangeal articulations - . - - 122
Articulations of toes ...... .. ........ 122
Part Two
Systematic Anatony
..GENERAL AITATOJICAL TERMS .
Terms Indicating the Position and Direction of Parts of the Body ----- 1
Terms Relating to the Body in General 1
a'Spms Relating to the Extremities 1
General Anatomical Terms 2
PARTS OF THE HULSAK BODY.
Head - - .- 4
Cranium ~ . 4
Face .... .... 4
Eye , . . 4
N'dse 4
Mouth 4
KecS . . 4
Trunk 4
Thorax . .. .. 4
Back ........ _ . ... 4
Abdomen -----_----__________ __________ ____________________ 4
Pelvis . _ . 5
Superior Extremities ...... . ... ..... 5
Inferior Extremities ................... ., . . ... .... 5
OSTEOLOGY
Vertebral Column, or Spine ------ .............. . ... . .. . 6
Atlas .... 6
Epistropheus - .___.__ .. .. .. .. .-_. 7
Sacrum.---- ------- _______________ ____ __ ______ 7
Coccyx --_----- ________________________________ _ _.._ 7
Thorax 7
Ribs . 7
Sternum--- -- .... ...-._.._... ........ .... 7
Thorax (general characteristics) ----- i .. 7
Bones of the Cranium ______ -_ -._.___- __ _. 7
Basilar Bone 7
Occipital Eone 7
Sphenoid Bone 8
Temporal Bone 8
XVI .
__
Parietal Bone ----- ,- ------ -... - ------ - ------ ...... 9
FrpffiTrt^L Bone ----- - - ---- - ---------------------------- . 1.0
Ethnoi'd Bone - ------------------------ - ------- - -------------- 10
Inferior nasal concha ----- ---- _ ----- _ ---- .. _ 10
Lacriajal Bone --------------- - ----- - ---- .. --- - .... 10
Nasal Bone ----------------------------------------------- - 10
Vomer ------------- ..-. ------ ..-._._...._.. ---- ._ ________ 10
Bones of the Face - ------ - --- _________ _____________________ 10
Maxilla ----------------- . ---------------------------------- . 10
Palate Bone ----- ..... ------ . ------ . ---------------------- .. n
Zygonatic Bone ---- --.___-______ --- ____ --- ... _________ n
Mandible ----------------------------------------------- 11
Hyoid Bon? - --------------------- - ----------- ... ---- -- --- .. 12
Cranium -__~. .. ._._.. .._.__. ___ ....... __ .......... 12
Sutures o? the Ci-Rniu-n ------------------------------------ 12
Synohondrosdt of the Cranium - ------------- - -------- .._,.. 13
Bones of the superior Extremity ------ ----- .... ......... --- - 13
Shoulder girdle - ------------ . ------------------------------ - 13
Scapula ----------------------- - ---------------------- 13
Clavicle -------------------------------------------- }3
Skeleton of free upper Extremity .-- 13
Humerus -------------- - --- ------ ------ - - --- - -- 13
Radius - - - ------ --.. ---- . .... ---------- -- ---- 14
Ulna ------------------------- . ------------- - --------- - 14
Carpus -->-.--.- --- - --- ......................... 14
Metacarpus ------ - -------------------------- - --------- 14
Phalanges ----- - ----------- - --------------- - --------- 14
Bones of the inferior Extremity ------- - --------------------------- 15
Pelvic girdle --------------------------------------------- 15
Hip Bone - - --------- - - - --- .. ----- - ----------- 15
Ilium - - ---------- - ------------- - ------ ... ---- . - 15
Ischium --- -------- - --- - --- . ------------- - 15
Pubis ------------------------------------------------- 15
Pelvis ---------------------------------------------- . 15
Skeleton of free lower Extremity ------------------------- - 15
Femur --- --- ------- . ----- ....... ----- . ---- . --- . . ._ 15
Fibula -------------------------------------------- .. 16
Patella ----- - --------- - ------------------------------- 16
Tarsus - ~- --- - --- _...-.. ---------- ._ --- . __._.._ ig
Tklus --- - ----------------- - ---------------------- - 16
Calcaneus -------- -._._._ --- _ ---- _ ........ --- - 17
Navicular Bone - --- ....... ._ ------ ...... ..... 17
Cuneiform Bones ----------------------- - ---------- 17
Cuboid Bone ------- - --- - - --------------------- - 17
Metatarsus - .. ---- - ------- - ---- . -------- . -------- .. 17
Phalanges -~-~~. ..,._-.__..___ ___._.._.__.,..____ IQ
Ligaments of the Vertebral Column and Cranium ------------------- 18
Atlantooccipital articulation - ----- ------- ------- --- ...... 19
Atlantcepistrophic articulation ---------------------------- . 19
Costovertebral artic-.ilations < - ----------------- - -------------- 19
Capitular articulations ---- . ---------- - ------- . ---- ... ------ .- 19
Costotransverse articu3.ations -------- - -------- ...... ---- ... ^9
Sternocostal articulations ------ --- --- - ---- ---- - --- - - 19
CONTENTS XVII ,
Page
Mandibular articulation .-...*----- 19
Ligaments of the shoulder girdle -.-.-.-....-... 19
Acromioclavicular articulation --*i~- -*--.-.-... 19
Sternoclavicular articulation ---*. ...*..-.......-.....^. - 19
Shoulder- joint -*.-.-- ..... 19
Elbow- joint ..-...- ... -- -. - -.._. i. .. ... 19
Distal radioulnar articulation ..-..- 20
Articulation of the hand ----... .............. .... 20
Articulation of the pisiform bone ... .... ..... 20
Carpometacarpal articulations ........... ........._...* 20
Carpometacarpal articulation of the thumb ...... 20
Intermetacarpal articulations .- ..---... 20
Metacarpophalangeal articulations .-..-- .. 20
Articulations of the fingers -- 20
Ligaments of the pelvic Girdle .... ... ..-* 20
Sacro-Iliac articulation --.-.-. 20
Syinphysis of Pubic Bones **>- 20
Hip- joint . 2G
Knoft- joint - .. .... - 21
Tibiofibular articulation ..... . ...... . 21
Tibiofibular Syndesmosis -- 21
Articulations of the Foot 21
Talocrural articulation (Ankle joint) -...- 21
Intertarsal articulations -.. - 21
lalocalcaneonavicular articulation . 21
Talocalcanean articulation -.. . 21
Chopart's Transverse Articulation of the Tarsus ----- 21
Talonavicular articulation 21
Calcaneocuboid articulation .- 21
Cuneonavicular articulation .....--.- 21
Interosseous Ligaments of Tarsus ...*.... 21
Dorsal Ligaments of Tarsus --. * -..-..--- . 21
Plantar Ligaments of Tarsus ....... 21
Tarsometatarsal articulations ---.---- 22
Intermetatarsal articulations 22
Metatarsophalangeal articulations .-. -- 22
Articulations of the Toes ..-. ..... 22
MYOLOGY OR MUSCULATURE
Muscles of Back ... 23
Muscles of the Head 24
Muscles of the Hyoid Bone 24
Muscles of the Neck 24
Muscles of the Thorax 24
Muscles of the Abdomen -. _.^..._. ....... ............ 25
Coccygeal Muscles ... ... ... ........ 25
Muscles of the superior Extremity --- .......... g-5
Muscles of the Inferior Extremity -..-.-. .... ........... 26
.
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*.-.. ' ; - . -':.. . -
"'''- - + , " .''"*' "-*?. . ' ' --..-- ; ^.+> f ._ ; -.'.,
*.'...''.*.*:'. ..... - --...-. - - , :\ ,' .~ --.
.-.-.. -...' ------ : . " - . ...- ' ,'-,;
: . ..... .-..--., ............... .-; ..... : : , .. . -,..
*. -
- ..... - - ...... ........
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. ../.-""-. .............. . . ; - ' : -
.." - - *".''"'. .... .- .."..'-.- . ' . ' - ' ' . - -
....... .
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---... ..... - - . . . .-. ,-.--..
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w ..... ,. ..:'" ._'::,.. . . - _
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.... ^ ... .
- ..... .....,." ....... ., .i." ".,""", '7 .*::'- 'i v .r -r.x --?-::,>.: " . . ;
t- - -* .. -r ........ . - . - ..*^~- ~- > " - - - -.-.-._-, ..... . ....
.; . -- ..... .... - " Ml .-....,-. - . . ... -. , ; .
...... ^ ------- ' * - - ^-1:" --- ' - .
CONTENTS SVIII,
Page
BURSAE AND MUCOUS SHEATHS
SPIAKCHMOLOGY
Digestive System
Oral cavity 30
Oral nucous membrane ______ _ . ... 30
Orrl gla-nds 31
Teeth 31
Tongue -.4........... ..... 31
Fauces --- .... .-- . ..... . .. .- 32
Muscles of the palate and fauces - ....... _ .... 33
Pharynx - - ........ ............. . ...... _.....* 33
Digestive tube ..... ....... _...._......_... 33
Oesophagus .... .... ....... __________ ..__._.._. 33
Stomach - .... ...... ... ..... ... 32
Snail intestine .... - ... 33
Large intestine .... . .... .... - 33
Rectum ---------__----_---_-- ____________-____------------ 33
Pancreas ........ .____ ... . .......... .......... 34
Liver ------.-......_-.------- 34
Spleen ... ... 35
Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity -. 35
External Nose ..... ..... ___________________--_---__- 35
Larynx ..... .. __.__, . .... -__.- 36
Laryngeal Muscles ------------- 36
Laryngeal Cavity ------ . ... . '. .---.- 37
Trachea and Bronchi --..-- 37
Lung 1 ... . 37
Thoracic Cavity - : - 38
Thyreoid Gland 38
Glomus caroticuQ -....-. . . ________________ ...... ... 38
Tbymus --- . . . ... . . .... .... 38
Urogenital System
Uropoietic Organs . ..._.. ... . .... - 38
Kidney ________________________ .... _ .... ....... 33
Renal Arteries _________ _________ ....... ... 39
Renal Veins . . 39
Ureter ...... ........... ........ .. _____________ . 39
Srdnary Bladder -------- ........ ...... .. . ...... 39
Suprarenal Gland ....... .... , .. 39
Genital or reproductive Organs - ...... ..... _-..._._. 39
Male- Genital Organs . 39
Testis ^ 39
Seminal Vesicle ........... .............. -.........-...-. 40
Spermatic Cord and tunics of the Te'stis and spermatic Cord --- 40
Prostrate i 40
Bulbo-urethral Gland 40
External Genital Structures -- 40
Penis ...... 40
- ..
-..-. - '.
CONTENTS XIX.
Page,
Male Urethra 41
Scrotum 41
Fenale Genital Organs - 41
Ovary __---- . 41
Uterine Tube 41
Uterus 41
Vagina _______. 42
Epoophoron -------- 42
Paroophoron - 42
External Genital Parts 42
Greater Vestibular Gland (of Bartholin) 42
Clitoris 42
Female Urethra 42
Perineum ...< . 43
Peritoneum - - ......... 43
AMGIQLOGY
Heart ........ ....... ...... ... 44
Right Atrium 46
Right Ventricule 4
Left Atrium ..... .. 46
Left Ventricle - 46
Arteries 46
Pulmonary Artery ---...- ... .... *....... 46
Aorta --- ..._* ......... 46
Innominate artery 46
Common Carotid Artery --- 46
External Carotid Artery . . ..... .... 46
Superior Thyreoid Artery - 46
Ascending Pharyngeal Artery- ... - - 47
Lingual Artery * * 47
External Maxillary Artery - -- 47
Sternocleidomastoid Artery - - 47
Occipital Artery *- 47
Posterior Auricular Artery .... . .... - - - 47
Superficial Temporal Artery - 47
Internal Maxillary Artery ~ 47
Internal Carotid Artery - ---- 47
Ophthalmic Artery --- ---- 47
Cerebral Arteries ........ -. 48
Subclavian Artery -. i - - 48
Vertebral Artery - -- 48
Basilar Artery .... ........ .... 48
Internal Mammary Artery --- -- 48
Thyreocervical Trunk . ..... 48
Inferior Thyreoid Artery - -. .- 48
Ascending Cervical Artery ........ 48
Transverse Scapular Artery 48
Costocervical Trunk . 48
Transverse Cervical Artery . , 48
Axillary Artery .... 48
Highest Thoracid Artery - 49
Thoraco ^crooinal Artery 49
Lateral Thoracic Artery * 49
Subscapular Artery ................ . _ 49
' * '* * '' "*"" ...... ........ - , - ...
--'" ~ - _,.,.... . : . .. -
...... , _ . . ._..,.. - > .- - -
"-- . ........ ..- -. . .-
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, ., ... ._ .. . , ... ... _ ... .
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V . ..--... .. _........ . .
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- ~ --.. . - - - - - - -
CONTENTS XX.
Pa fee
Anterior Circumflex humeral Artery .--- ...-.-** 49
Posterior Circumflex humeral Artery _i..-. 49
Brachial Artery ... - 49
Profunda Brachii Artery 49
Superior Ulnar Collateral Artery - 49
Inferior Ulnar Collateral Artery :- - 49
Radial Artery 49
Ulnar Artery -.....-...------.- 49
Thoracic Aorta - ............. ....... 49
Intercostal Arteries ----- .... --. 49
Abdominal Aorta ........ ....... ......... -_... 50
Inferior Phrenic Artery .... ............. 50
Lumbar Arteries -..--- ......... ... 50
Middle Sacral Artery - ~ ....... ...... 50
Coeliac Artery --... -....-..-....--.-- 50
Superior Mesenteric Artery - ---- ----- 50
Inferior Mesenteric Artery --- .... . .._-_. 50
Middle Suprarenal Artery ..- .----_. 50
Renal Artery .-.-. ...... .-.....---. ..--. 50
Internal Spermatic Artery .--.- ... . _--- 50
Testicular Artery ...... .......... 50
Ovarian Arte&y - -- .............. ............ 50
Common Iliac Artery --.- - ..... .... -- . 50
Hypogastric Artery -------- ........ -. ....... 50
Iliolumbar Artery ------.--- 50
Lateral Sacral Artery --- ..-. 50
Obturator Artery --- -.....-. ........ ...... 50
Superior Gluteal Artery .-..-----. 51
Inferior Gluteal Artery - ......... 51
Umbilical Artery .. -.. 51
Inferior Vesical Artery ....... ............. Si
Deferential Artery ......... ........ .- 51
Uterine Artery ........................ -- 51
Middle Hemorrhoidal Artery ..----.*--.- 51
Internal Pudendal Artery .- ...-..-- 51
External Iliac Artery - 51
Inferior Epigastric Artery .... 51
Deep Circumfles ......--.. _--- 51
Femoral Artery ... .. .................................. 51
Popliteal Artery -- - 51
Anterior Tibial Artery 52
Posterior Tibial Artery 52
Veins ....... .............................. -. ................ 52
Pulmonary Veins ......... ......... ............-.. 52
Cardiac Veins - 52
Superior Vena Cava 52
Right and Left Innominate Veins - 52
Internal Jugular Vein - 52
Sinuses of the Dura Mater ---- ...... 53
Cerebral Veins - ----.. .. 53
Superior Opbthalmic Vein ........ ... 53
Common Facial Vein --- ---.---.- .......... 53
Anterior Facial Vein ..... ......... ................ 53
Posterior Facial Vein ........ 54
External Jugular Vein ... .... ................ 54
Subclavian Vein -. ...--.-.-.. 54
.
.
CONTENTS XXI ,
Page
Axillary Vein ... . .- 54
Azygos Vein ... ................. 54
Inferior Vena Cava .... -. ...... 55
Portal Vein 55
Common Iliac Vein --------- .................................. 55
Hypogastric Vein . . .-. ...... ................ 55
External Iliac Veins -. ....... 55
Lymphatic System ..... _ ........ ............. 55
Lymphatic Vessels .... . . ...... .... ............. 55
Thoracic Du<rt . 56
Lymph Glands - ----..- ...... .......... 55
Lymphatic Plexuses .... ...... .... .............. 57
NEUROLOGY
^Central nervous system.
Spinal cord . . . .. . . 58
Sections of spinal cord . 58
Encephalon (brain .... . ... .... ....._..__._......_* 59
Rhombencephalon -..--..-...-.... .. ....... _._._.._._..._.. 59
Myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)- 59
Sections of medulla oblongata. ---------------------- 59
Metencephalon (hirrt-brain) ..._..* go
Pons ........ ..... -__ ._ . _ . __ 50
Sections of pons ~ ---- ...._...*......*......* go
Cerebellum . .............. . . 60
Sections of cerebellum -----.*-.-.- -*,-... gl
Isthmus of Rhombencephalon ....... -___-. . .... gi
Sections of Isthmus - gl
Cerebrum ..... .-._-.._......._. .......... ___________ gi
Meeencephalon (mid-brain) ---. gl
Sections of cerebral peduncle > .......... gl
Sections of quadrigeminal bodies - -.-. 62
Prosencephalon (fore-brain) ...... ..... ....... 62
Dience^halon (inter-brain) 62
Hypothalaraus - 62
Sections of hypothalaraus --....-- 62
Thalamencephalon 62
Thalamus ... . .- ...... ....... 62
Metatnalamus ...... ....._..* 62
Epithalarnus ... ... - ..... 62
Sections of tnalamencephalon - ..*.. 62
Telemcephalon (end-brain) - g3
Hemisphere -> - - . - . g3
Pallium - . * g3
Medial surface of hemisphere - * g3
Corpus callosum .- -- .... ..... g4
Fornix ........ . _-.-.--......._.. g4
Septum pellucidum -- -.-_..___ g4
Lateral ventricle -.-.--.* g4
Rhinencephalon ...... -_-....-.._._.__. 54
Sections of telencephalon --.--._.-._. g4
Meninges --......_. ..... .-_..>.... gs
i
.
CONTENT'S XXII .
. ,Page__
Peripheral nervous system..
Cerebral nerves ... . 66
Olfactory nerves .-__._._ ...- ......_......_.__ - 55
Optic Nerve- - . > ... - 66
Oculomotor Nerve-- ________ .... _ ________ 55
Trochlear Nerve ...... . .- *. gg
Trigeminal Nefve 66
Ophthalmic Nerve ------- . - . ___________ 66
Maxillary Nerve - --- - -- - - .---.- - 66
Iviandibular Nerve -- 67
Abducent Nerve ---- - - -_ . _________ 57
Facial Nerve ________________ 57
Acoustic Nerve - 67
Glossopharyngeal Nerve - ...... . 68
Vague Nerve -_--_-_____ ....... __________________ . 53
Accessory Nerve - ..... . ......... ............. 68
Hypoglossal Nerve _. . ..... 68
Spinal Nerves ........ _____________ . ............ 68
Cervical Nerves ... . 69
Brachial Plexus ..... . ..... 69
Median Nerve ---------_--_---------_-~---_-__----~-------- 69
Dinar Nerve __________________ . . ___________ 69
Radial Nerve ^ . 69
Thoracic Nerves . .- .. . . .... 69
Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal Nerves ---. .--..-...... 70
Lumbosacral Plexus --_-_--__ .... .... ___________________ 70
Lumbar Plexus ..... ____________ ... __..__._. ... 70
Ijliohypogastric Nerve - ..-- .- ...... 70
Ilioinguinal Nerve .... .... ............. . ___. 70
Genitofemoral ----_---_--_-__--_____-_______________-_____ 70
Lateral femoral cutaneous Nerve - .-._-._ .......... 70
Obturator Nerve ......................................... ^ 70
Femoral Nerve . . .... - 70
Sacral plexus ..... .. ......... . 70
Sciatic Nerve ........ ..................._.....-..._.... 70
Pudendal plexus . . ..... ..... 71
Coccygeal Nerve . . . 71
Sympathetic Nervous System.
Cephalic and cervical parts of the sympathetic system 71
Thoracic part of the sympathetic system - ... .- -- . 72
Abdominal and pelvic parts of the sympathetic system 72
SENSE ORGANS AND COMMON INTEGUMENT.
Organ of Vision . ... ... .. . 73
Eye . .... _ . ..... 73
Optic Nervo -.-. ....... ........__..........._._ 73
Eyeball .. . , . . _. 73
Fibrous Tunic of Eye . .. ._ 73
Sclera _ . 73
Cornea ..... _. ..... ........ _ _. 73
Vascular Coat of Eye - .... . 73
-
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.,
- , ' ' ' -
" ' ' ' ' ' '
- ----------
CONTENTS XXIII,
Pag;e
Chorioid . 73
Ciliary -i.e . 78
Iris . _ 73
Pigment layer . -- 74
Retina '-- --. _-._- 74
Anterior Chamber of the Eye ---. .,-- 74
Posterior Chamber of the Eye -_...-_- 74
Vitreous Body - _ ........... ___._. 74
Crystalline -- - . ....... 74
Ciliary Zonule - --- ................. 74
Accessory Organs of the Eye - --.. ....... 74
Eye Muscles, orbital Fasciae - ---_.-.._._._.... 74
Eyebrow ..... ... ________________ 75
Eyelids . .......... 75
Conjunctiva .... . ............ ______________________ 75
Lacrir.al Apparatus ............. ................ 75
Organ of Hearing _. .. . . ..... . 75
Internal Ear - --- .... . ... _________________ 75
Membraneous Labyrinth ............... . ... ... . 75
Osseous Labyrinth .... . ............ 75
Vestibule *- . . 76
Cochlea ------_--_---_-_______ _.....__..._.._. _. 75
internal Acoustic Meatus ........ _____________________ 75
Tympanic Cavity . 76
Tympanic Membrane . - 77
Auditory Ossicles * ....... ... 77
Joints of the Auditory Ossicles- 78
Ligaments of the Auditory Ossicles 78
Muscles of the Auditory Ossicles ----. ...... ...... 73
Tympanic Mucous Coat ... . 78
Auditory or Sustachian Tube 78
External Acoustic Meatue . . - 78
External 3ar . 78
Organ of Smell . . . . . 79
Organ of Taste - .... __ 79
Common Integument ---------___--__--___---_-________--____________-_ 79
Skin . . . . . 79
Epidermis . ._,...._.. . . .. .. . 79
Cerium . . . .... 79
Subcutaneous Tissue (tela subcutanea) 79
Terminal Corpuscles of Nerves ..... -. 79
Hair . . . . . 79
Nails -- -....__._....._......._.._.._._............_. 79
31ands of the Skin ... _ 79
Glomiform Glands . ........ 79
Sebaceous Glands .. . .... ... 80
Breast . ..... 80
. . > - ,,.,.*
- - -''
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CONTENTS XXIV ,
Page
REGIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY.
Regions of the Head ......... . 82-
" " " Face 82
" " Neck 82
" " " Breast - 83
" " " Abdomen 83
" " Back 83
" " " Superior Extremity --.. ... - 83
w " " Inferior Extremity -. ..-. ._..._ 84
COLORED PLATES. OF REGIONS. (Omitted in present copy)
Plates showing Surface Anatomy and skeletal projections. (Omitted in
present copy)
-"
..... % . <* . . *.
1 ' . . ' ' '
Part One
REGIONAL ANATOMY
SUPERIOR S X.-JT R E M I T Y
Pari One
Regional Anatomy 1
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY
I . Structures i[ii of > the i Back ^ with reference | primarily ^to
Structures in Relation, to the Superior Extremity.
1. Surface anatomy
Structures which may be identified by inspection and palpation,
SPINOUS PROCESSS-6:37
VERTEBRA PROMINENS-6:38
MEDIAL ANGLE OF THE SCAPULA-13 :52
INFERIOR ANGLE OF THE SCAPULA-13 : 50
SPINE OF THE SCAPULA-13 :42
ACRdOQN-13:45
ILIAC CREST-15:18
^In conformity with the Basle Anatomical Nomenclature (B N A) all brackets
relating to anatomical terms are used in the following sense:
I. Oval brackets () indicate variations (varietates anatomicae).
II. Angular brackets 3 contain explanatory additions, among which are
included double names and personal names. .
III. One affixed asterisk x is used to indicate ontogenetic expressions, (e.g,
MEMBRANAE, DECIDUA X -43:5, V-SNA UMBILICALIS x -55:34, etc.).
IV. Two affixed asterisks xx are used in a few instances to indicate
structures which may be either especially difficult to demonstrate by
ordinary methods of dissection or appear relatively of secondary importance.
The numerals affixed to each term in the regional anatomy (Part I) cite the
page and number of the same term in its systematic position in the outline of
systematic anatomy (Part II). In connection with these cross references, it
will be observed that the terms in Part I are anglicized in some instances
and given in their Latin form in other instances, whereas in Part II the terms
appear exclusively in Latin. In the latter case, the term corresponds with
the original B N A; in the former case the term has been used in the form
which appears to coincide with the usage common to the najority of standard
American and English anatomical texts, but it is to be recognized that as yet
there is no authoritative English list based on the B N A and that for the
present decisions upon this point are necessarily largely dependent upon the
individual preferences of author and student. (See also discussion in the
Preface) .
In general the subject matter is arranged with a view to practical utility.
To this end the terms in Part I are grouped primarily in the sequence in which
the corresponding structures nay be exposed and observed in actual dissection.
The text in small type gives concise statements of the more important
incisions and dissections necessarily involved in an adequate demonstration of
these structures as they are encountered in any given region. The page
arrangement of the terms in general is such as to leave a certain amount of
space available for marginal notes or references.
:*.>; :!'.'."* ' .
r ;?/.. ::..:.*.
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.
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.
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S UPERI OR EXTREMITY . 2
2. Regions of the back
MEDIAN REGION OF THE BACK-83:24
INTERSCAPULAR REGION-83:25
SCAPULAR REGION-83:26
SUPRASCAPULAR REGION-83:27
INFRASCAPULAR REGION-83:28
LUMBAR REGION-83:29
REGION OF THE HIP-83:3Q
SfiCRAL REGION-83:31
GLUIEAL REGION-83:32
fERINEAL REGION-83:33
3, Fascia, cutaneous nerves and vessels
Skin incisions: a) in the midline from the vertebra prominens
to the tip of the coccyx; b) from the tip of the coccyx to the
posterior superior iliac spine, thence along the iliac crest to
within about 25 cm. of the anterior superior iliac spind; fc) from
the vertebra prominens to the medial margin of the acromion;
d) from the spinous process of the first lumbar vertebra to the
lateral margin of the acromion.
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA-23:36
MEDIAL CUTANEOUS RAM! OF POSTERIOR RAMI OF THORACIC NERVES-69:77
LATERAL CUTANEOUS RAMI OF POSTERIOR RAMI OF THORACIC NERVES*69:76
POSTERIOR RAMI OF LATERAL CUTANEOUS 'RAMI OF INTERCOSTAL NERVES-
70:4
MEDIAL RAMI OF POSTERIOR RAMI OF LUMBAR, SACRAL AND COCCYGEAL
NERVES-70:13, 19
LATERAL RAMI OF POSTERIOR RAMI OF LUMBAR NERVES-70:14
MEDIAL CUTANEOUS RAMI OF POSTERIOR RAMI OF INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES-
49:63
DORSAL RAMI OF LUMBAR ARTERIES-50:10
POSTERIOR RAMI OF LATERAL CUTANEOUS RAMI OF ANTERIOR RAMI OF
INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES-49:68
4, . Muscles, nerves and vessels
a. Muscles: t first layer
Exposed by removing both superficial and deep layers of fascia.
TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE-23:15
LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE-23:17 Not including its insertion.
TRIGONUM LUMBALE-25:48
b. Structures in relation to the superior margin of the scapula
Demonstrated by detaching the thoracic part of the trapezius
muscle at its origin, separating it from the cervical part of
the muscle by a transverse incision at the level of the vertebra
prominens, and reflecting the thoracic portion toward its
insertion, exposing at the same time the external ramus of the
accessory nerve-68;59, and the muscular rami from the third and
fourth cervical nerves supplying it.
INFERIOR BELLY OF THE OMOHYOID MUSCLE-24:59
SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE- 69; 31
TRANSVERSE SCAPULAR ARTEf(Y-48:60
SUPERIOR TRANSVERSE SCAPULAR LIGAMENT-19:43
''-"" ::'
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SUPERIOR EXTREMITY 3*
c. Muscles; second layer
RHOMBOIDEUS MAJOR MUECLE-23:18
RHOMBOIDEUS MINOR MUSCLE-23 :1<2
LEVATOR SCAPULAE MU5CLE-23:30 Insertion only..
The descending ramus of the transverse cervical artery-48:69 nay
be observed in the interval bet\veen the rhonboideus minor and the
levator scapulae muscles*
d. Nerves and vessels
the following nerves and artery nay be exposed by detaching the
levator scapulae muscle at its insertion and the rhomboid muscles
at their origins, and reflecting the latter muscles toward their
insertions.
DORSAL SCAPULAR NERVE- 69:27
DESCENDING RAMUS OF THE TRANSVERSE CERVICAL ARTERY-48:69
The following structures may be demonstrated by detaching the
latissimus dorsi muscle at its origin and reflecting the nuscle
toward its insertion.
THORACODORSAL NERVE-69:33 Termination only.
THORACODORSAL ARTERY-49:10 Termination only.
II. Anterior Thoracic reeion and axillary fossa.
l._ Surfacd anatomy
Structures which may be identified by inspection and palpation,
CLAVICLE-13:59
STERNAL EXTREMITY-IS : 60
ACROMIAL EXTREMITY-13 : 63
STERNUM-7:46
MANUBRIUM-7:47
JUGULAR NOTCH-7:54
BODY OF STERNUM-7.50
ANGLE OF STERNUM-7:48
XIJ3HQ1B PROCESS-7:53
RIBS I-XII-7:28
COSTAL CARTILAGES-7:32
CORACOID PROCESS OF THE SCAPULA-13 : 58
MAMMA-4:50, 80:5
PAPILLA MA.MviAE-80:6
CORPUS MAI\Cj!AE-80:7
AREOLA MAIIMAE-80:14
ACCESSORY MAiffliA3-80:18
AXILLA- 5:10
ANTERIOR AXILLARY FOLD- 5111
POSTERIOR AEILLARY FOLD- 5: 12
HIMSRUS-J3:67
.
2. Pectoral regions -83: 2
ANTERIOR PECTORAL REGION- 33: 3
STERNAL REGION-83:4
CLAVICULAR REGION-83:5
INFRACLAVICULAH HEGION-83:6
DELTCIDEOPECTORAL TRIANGLE-83 :7
JJAWJARY REGION-83:8
INFRAMAiffl-tARY RSGION-83:9
..,..
. " ' ' " - - ' K ' "
' :: . ;- . -- v ." ..'-. .-.-:
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY 4.
LATERAL PECTORAL REGION-83 :10
AXILLARY REGION-83 :12
AXILLARY FOSSA- 83: 12
LATERAL COSTAL REGION-83 :13
3. Anterior thoracic wall; superficial structures
a. Superficial fascia, cutaneous nerves and blood vessels
Skin incisions: a) longitudinally from the xiphoid process trans-
versely around to the back; to) from the jugular notch laterally,
along the clavicle, to the tip of the acromion; c) from the
xiphoid process obliquely upward and laterally along the anterior
axillary fold to the arm, encircling the areola namase and leaving
it in situ.
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA-23:36
PLATYSMA MUSCLE-24:54
SUPRACLAVICULAR NERVES-69:17
ANTERIOR SUPRACLAVICULAR NERVES-69:18
MIDDLE SUPRACLAVICULAR NERVES-69:19
POSTERIOR SUPRACLAVICULAR NERVES-69:20
ANTERIOR CUTANEOUS RAMI OF INTERCOSTAL NERVES-70:8
MEDIAL MAMMARY RAMI-70:9
ANTERIOR RAMI OF LATERAL CUTANEOUS RAMI OF INTERCOSTAL NERVES IV
to VI-70:5
POSTERIOR RAMI OF LATERAL CUTANEOUS RAMI OF INTERCOSTAL NERVES IV
to VI-70:4
LATERAL MAMMARY RAMI OF LATERAL CUTANEOUS RAMI OF INTERCOSTAL
NERVES-70:6
PERFORATING RAMI OF INTERNAL MAMMARY ARTERY-48: 4.0-43
LATERAL CUTANEOUS RAMI OF ANTERIOR RAMI OF INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES
IV to VI-49:67
TRIBUTARIES OF INTERNAL MAMMARY VEIN
b ... Mamroa-80: 5f 18
4, Anterior thoracic wall: deep fascia and pectoralis major znuscleg
PECTORAL FASCIA-25:22
(STERNALIS MUSCLE) -2 4: 73
PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE-24: 74-77 Not including its insertion.
Exposed by removing the pectoral fascia but leaving
intact the axillary fascia.
5> Axillary fossa,, and structures sub jacent to the pectoralis major muscle
a. Structures in relation to the base of the axillary fossa
AXILLARY FASCIA-26:40
INTERCOSTOBRACHIAL NERVES-70:7
THORACODORSAL NERVE- 69:33
THORACODORSAL ARTSRY-49:10
LATERAL THORACIC ARTERY-49:7
LONG THORACIC NERVE- 69:2 8
AXILLARY LYMPH GLANDS-56:45
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.:.; - "-' ' . '.--"
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY 5-
b. Structures exposed by the reflection of the clavicular part of
the pectoralis rcajor muscle
Demonstrated by detaching the clavicular part of the pectoralis
major rauscle at its origin and reflecting it toward its insertion.
CORACOCLAVICULAR FASCIA-25:23
THORACOACROMIAL AETERY-49:2
ACROMIAL RAMUS-49:3
ACROMIAL NETWORK-49:4
DELTOID RAMUS-49:5
PECTORAL RAMI-49:6
THORACOACROMIAL VEIN-54:27
CEPHALIC VEIN-54:37
ANTERIOR THORACIC NERVES-69:29
c. Structures exposed by the reflection of the sternocostal part
of .the pectorali3_major muscle
Demonstrated by dividing the sternocostal part of the pectoralis
major muscle midway between its origin and insertion and reflect-
ing the two parts medially and laterally respectively.
CORACOCLAVICULAR FASCIA-25:23
PECTORALIS MINOR MUSCLE-24:78
d.. Contents of the superior part of the axillary fossa
Exposed by removing the portion of the coracoclavicular fascia
extending between the clavicle and the superior margin .of the
pectoralis minor muscle.
AXILLARY ARTERY-48:70 Its first part.
AXILLARY V2INS-54:29
BRACHIAL PLEXSS- 69:24
H5DIAL 66RB-69:39
LATERAL CORD- 69:3 8
POSTERIOR CORD- 69: 40
LYLIPH GLANDS
e. Contents of the inferior part of the axillary fossa
Exposed by removing the fascia and fat inferior to the pectoralis
minor muscle.
AXILLARY ARTERY-48: 70 Its third part.
MEDIAN NERVE-69:48
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE-69:41
MEDIftL ANTIBRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERV3-69:45
AXILLARY VEIN- 54:2 9
MEDIAL BRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NSRW-69:44
ULNAR NERVE-69:55
f Structures in relation to the medial wall of a the axillary fossa
INTERCOSTOBRiiCHIAL MER T /ES-70:7
LONG THORACIC NERVE-69:28
LATERAL THORACIC ARTERY-49:?
PECTORAL LYMPH GLANDS- 56: 47
_. Structures in relation to the posterior rail of the axillary fossa
THORACODORSAL NERVE- 69: 33
SUBSCAPULAR ARTERY-49:9
THORACODORSAL ARTERY-49:10
CIRCUMFLEX SCAPULAR ARTERY-49:!! Origin only.
, . i. .".: :,"" . .,.-. V : . / .
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SUPERIOR EXTREMITY 6.
SUBSCAPULAR MERVES-69:32
SUB5CAPULAR LVMPH GLANDS- 56: 4-6
h. Axillary vessels^
The exposure of the entire extent of these vessels may be
completed by the reflection of the pectoralis minor muscle.
AXILLARY ARTERY-48;70
HIGHEST THORACIC ARTERY-49:!
THORACOACROMIAL ARTERY-49 :2
LATERAL, THORACIC ARTERY-49: 7
EXTERNAL MAMMARY RAMI-49:8
SUBSCAPULAR ARTERY-49: 9
THORACODORSAL ARTERY-49 : 1
CIRCUMFLEX SCAPULAR ARTERY-49 :11
ANTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERY-49: 12
POSTERIOR CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERY-49: 13
AXILLARY VEIN-54:29
LATERAL THORACIC VEIN- 54:30
THORACOEPIGASTRIC VEINS-54:32
COSTOAXILLARY VEINS- 54: 31
CEPHALIC VEIN- 54:3 7
i. Subclavjus rauscle-24:79
j . Bracnial plexus
Its exposure may be completed - i.e. so far as it is related
to the axillary fossa - by detaching the subclavius muscle at its
insertion, removing the middle third of the clavicle, and divid-
ing the axillary artery and vein at the level of the clavicle
and reflecting them distally.
LATERAL CORD-6Q:38
ANTERIOR THORACIC NERVE-69:29
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE-69:41
MEDIAN NERVE-69-.48 Lateral head.
MEDIAL CORD- 69: 39
ANTERIOR THORACID NERV3-69:29
MEDIAN NERVE- 69: 48 Medial head.
ULNAR NERVE-69:55
MEDIAL ANTIBRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-69:45
MEDIAL BRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE- 69:44
POSTERIOR CORD-69:40
SUBSCAPULAR NERVES-69:32
SHORACODORSAL NERVE- 69:33
AXILLARY NERVE- 69: 34
RADIAL NERVE-69:65
SUECLAVIAN NERVE- 69:30
LONG THORACIC I-iERVE-69:28
k. Serratus anterior auscle>.25:l
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY 7,
III. Superior Extremity: r.eneral characteristics.
1. Subdivisions
AXILLA-5:10 Cf. Superior Extremity, 11:1.
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR AXILLARY FOLDS- 5: 11, 12
ACROMION-5:13
ARM- 5: 14
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SURFACES-5:15, 16
LATERAL AND MEDIAL SURFACES-S:!' 7 , 18
LATERAL AND MEDIAL BICIPITAL SULCI-5:19. 20
ELBOW- 5:21
FOREARM- 5:22
DORSAL AND VOLAR SURFACES-5:23, 24
RADIAL AND ULNAR MARGINS-5:25. 26
HAND- 5:27
CARPUS OR WRIST-5:20
METACARPUS-5:29
DORSUM OF HAND-5:30
PALM OR VOLAR ASPECT OF HAND-5:31
THSNAR-5;32
HYPOTHENAR-5:33
DIGITS OF HAND- 5: 34
THUMB OR POLLEX-5:35
INDEX-5:36
MIDDLE DIGIT-5:37
RING DIGIT-5:38
SMALLEST DIGIT-5:39
DORSAL AND VOLAR SURFACES- 5: 40, 41
RADIAL AND ULNAR MARGINS- 5: 42, 43
2, Regions of the superior extregity-83:37
ACROMIAL REGION-83:38
DELTOID REGION-83:39
LATERAL AND MBDIAL REGIONS OF ARM-83:40, 41
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR REGIONS OF ARM-83:42, 43
ANTERIOR REGION OF ELBOW- 83: 44
CUBITAL FOSSA-83:45
POSTERIOR REGION OF ELBOW-84:!
OLECRANON REGION-84:2
LATERAL AND MEDIAL REGIONS OF ELBOW-84 :3, 4
VOLAR AMD DORSAL REGIONS OF FOREARM- 64: 5, 6
RADIAL AND ULNAR MARGINS OF FOREARM-84:7, 8
DORSAL AND VOLAR REGIONS OF HAND-84:9, 10
DIGITAL REGIONS OF HAND-84:11
DORSAL, UNGUICULAR AND VOLAR REGIONS OF DIGITS-84:12-14
IV. RvLqion of the Shoulder.
1, Fascia, cutaneous nerves and cephalic vein.
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA-23:36
Exposed by reflecting the skin of the shoulder distally
as far as the insertion of the deltoid muscle.
POSTERIOR SUPRACLAVICULAR NERVES-69:20
LATERAL BRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-69:36
CEPHALIC VEIN-54:37
DEEP FASCIA
.....
..... ' .
- .-;.;..
. .
. ;; r};
:A
'
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY 8.
SUBSCAPULAR FASCIA-26:41
SUPRASPINOUS FASCIA-26:42
INFRASPINCU5 FASCIA-26:43
2. Muscles, nerves, vessels and ligaments of the shoulder
DELTOID MUSCLE-35:63
SUBCUTANEOUS ACROMIAL BURSA-28:22
The subsequent structures are exposed by detaching the deltoid
muscle at its origin and reflecting the muscle toward its
insertion.
SUBDELTOID BURSA-28:24
SUBACROMIAL BURSA-28:23
ANTERIOR HUMERAL CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY-49:12
POSTERIOR HUMERAL CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY-49:13
AXILLARY NERVE-69:34
MUSCULAR RAMI-e9:35
LATERAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF THE ARM-69:36
TERES MAJOR MUSCLE-25:67
BURSA OF THE TERES MAJOR MUSCLE-28:28
PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE-24: 74 Insertion only.
LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE-23 :17 Insertion only.
BURSA OF THE LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE-28:29
CORACOACROMIAL LIGAMENT-19:42
ACROMIOCLAVICULAR ARTICULATION-19 :45
ARTICULAR CAPSULS-19:46
ACROMIOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT-19:47
ARTICULAR DISC-19:43
CORACOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENT-19:49
^TRAPSSOID LIGAMENT-19:50
CONOID LIGAMENT-19:51
The following muscles are exposed by sawing through the acromion
at its junction with the spine of the scapula, dividing the
fascia covering the teros minor muscle and reflecting it
medially, but guarding at the same time the circumflex artery
of the scapula.
SUPRASPINOUS MUSCLE-25:64
TERES MINOR MUSCLE-25:66
INFRASPINATOUS MUSCLE-25:65
SUBSCAPULARIS MUSCLE-25:68
BURSA OF THE SUBSCAPULARIS MUSCLE-28:27
In demonstrating the following structures the infraspinatous and
supraspinatous muscles are divided near thsir insertions, and
both muscles reflected toward their origins.
BURSA OF THE INFRASPINATOUS MUSCLE-28:26
TRANSVERSE SCAPULAR ARTERY-48:60
ACROMIAL RAMUS-48:61
TRANSVERSE SCAPULAR VEIN- 54:2 5
5UPRASCAPULAR NERVE-S9:31
CIRCUMFLEX SCAPULAR ARTBRY-49:11
SUPERIOR TRANSVERSE SCAPULAR LIGAL3NT-19:43
INFERIOR TRANSVERSE SCAPULAR LIGAMENT-19:44
' ...
.
. -
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY 9,
V. Arm and Superficial Structures of the Forearm
and Dors urn of tne Hand.
1. tKirace anatomy of arm and forearm:
LATERAL BICIPITAL SULCUS-5:19
MEDIAL BICIPITAL SULCUS-5:20
MEDIAL MARGIN OF THE HUMERUS-14:4
MEDIAL EPICONDYLE-14:11
GROOVE FOR THE ULNAR NERVE-14:8
LATERAL MARGIN OF THE HUMEROS-14:5
LATERAL EPICONDYLE-14:12
OLECRANON-14:19
STYLOID PROCESS OF THE RADIUS-14:30
DORSAL MARGIN CF THE ULNA-14:44
STYLOID PROCESS OF THE ULNA-14:49
2. Arm (anterior aspect) and forearm', superficial structures
a... Cutaneous nerves
Skin incisions: a) along the middle line of the anterior surface
of the arm and the volar surface of the forearm to the level of
the radiocarpal articulation; b) transversely around the fore-
arm just proximal to the radiocarpal articulation.
INTERCOSTOBRACHIAL NERVES-70:?
MEDIAL ANTIBRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-69:45
ULNAR RAMUS-69:47
VOLAR RAMUS-69:46
MEDIAL BRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-69:44
POSTERIOR BRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-69:66
DORSAL ANTIBRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE- 69: 68
LATERAL ANTIBRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-69:43
b. Veins and lymphatics
BASILIC VEIN-54:38
CEPHALIC VEIN- 54:37
MEDIAN VEIN OF THE ELBOW- 54: 40
In cases where the preceding vein is absent, the following veins
may take its place:
MEDIAN VEIN OF THE FOREARM- 54: 41
MEDIAN BASILIC VEIN- 54: 42
MEDIAN CEPHALIC VEIN- 54: 43
SUPERFICIAL LYMPH GLANDS OF THE ELBOW-56:49
3 . Arm (anterior aspect) : deep structures
a. Deep fascia-
BRACHIAL FA3CIA-26:44
LACERTUS FIBROSUS-25:73
The following fascial septa are demonstrated by dividing the
brachial fascia by a longitudinal incision along the median line
of the front of the arm and reflecting the medial and lateral
flaps of deep fascia, leaving intact, however, the lacertus
f ibrosus.
MEDIAL INTERMUSCULAR SEPTUM-26:45
LATERAL INTERMUSCULAR SEPTUM-26:46
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY 10.
b. Arteries
BRACHIAL ARTERY-49:14
DEEP BRACHIAL AR1ERY.49:15
SUPERIOR ULNAR COLLATERAL ARTERY-49:20
INFERIOR ULNAR COLLATERAL ARTERY-49:21
c. Veins
BRACHIAL VEINS- 54: 34
BASILIC VEIN- 54 ;3 9
CEPHALIC VEIN-54:37
d. Nerves
MEDIAL BRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-69:44
MEDIAL ANTIBRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-69:45
MEDIAN NERVE-69:48
ULNAR NERVE-69:55
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE-69:41
MUSCULAR RAlH-69:42
LATERAL ANTIBRACHIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-69:43
e.. Muse leg
BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLS-25:69
LONG HEAD-25:70 Not including its origin.
SHORT HAD-25:72
CORACOBRACHIALIS MUSCLE-2 5 : 74
4. Cubital fossa*83:45
The following structures are dealt with here only in so far
as they are related to the cubital fossa.
BRACHIAL ARTERY-49:14
RADIAL ARTERY-49:22
ULNAR ARTERY-49:36
TENDON OF BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE
MEDIAN NERVE-69:48
BRACHIALIS MUSCLE-25:75
SUPINATOR MUSCLE-2 6:24
The follo?/ing structures are exposed by dividing the lacertus
fibfrosus and widening the space between the pronator teres and
brachioradialis muscles.
RADIAL NERVE- 69: 65
DEEP RAMUS-69:69
SUPERFICIAL RAMUS-60:71
RADIAL RECURRENT ARTERY-49:23
INFERIOR ULNAR COLLATERAL ARTERY-49:21
ULNAT RECURRENT ARTERY-49:47 Volar.
5. Arm: posterior aspect
TRICEPS BRACHII MUSCLED 5: 76
LONG HSAD-25:77
LATERAL HEAD-25:78
MEDIAL HEAD-25:79
RADIAL NERVE-69:65
Exposed by dividing the lateral head of the triceps nuscle
along the course of the mdial nerve.
POSTERIOR CUTANEOUS NERVE OF THE ARM-69:66
MUSCULAR RAMI-69:67
POSTERIOR CUTANEOUS NERVE OF THE FOREARM-69:68
.-... -
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY 11.
DEEP BRACHIAL ARTERJ-49:15
DELTOID RAMUS-49:17
MIDDLE COLLATERAL ARTERY-49:18
RADIAL COLLATERAL ART3RY-49:19
NUTRIENT ARTERIES OF THE HUMSRUS-49:16
ULNAR NERVE- 59: 55
SUPERIOR ULNAR COLLATERAL ARTERY-49:20
INFERIOR ULNAR COLLATERAL ARTERY-49:21
SUBTENDINOUS BURSA OF THE OLECRANON-28:32
6. Dorsum of the hand : superficial structures
Skin incisions: a) along the radial and ulnar margins of the
hand; b) along the middle line of the dorsal aspect of each digit,
SUPERFICIAL RAMUS OF THE RADIAL NERVE- 69: 71
ULNAR ANASTOMOTIC RAMUS- 69: 72
DORSAL DIGITAL NERVES-69:73
DORSAL RAMUS OF THE HAND FROM THE ULNAR NERVE-69:57
DORSAL DIGITAL NERVES -69: 53
VENOUS NETWORK OF THE BACK OF THE HAND-54:44
DORSAL METACARPAL VSINS-54:49
DIGITAL VENOUS ARCH- 54: 52
DORSAL FASCIA OF THE HAND-26:50
DORSAL CARPAL LIGAMENT-26:51
1. Forearm: volar aspect and ulnar margin
1 ' /
a. Deep fascia and r cutaneous nerves piercing it
For the superficial fascia and certain cutaneous nerves of the
forearm, see Superior Extremity, V:2.
BASCIA OF THIS FORSARM-26:49
PALMAR CUTANEOUS RAMUS OF THE ULNAR NERVE- 69: 56
PALMAR RAMUS OF THE MEDIAN NERVE-69:51
SUPERFICIAL RAMUS OF THE RADIAL NERVE-69:71
VOLAR CARPAL LIGAMENT-26:55
_, b. Radial artery, and nerve
Exposed by turning aside the volar ramus of the medial cutaneous
nerve of the forearm, the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm,
the superficial veins, and removing the deep fascia of the fore-
arm except where? it gives origin to underlying muscles.
RADIAL ARTERY-49:22
RADIAL RECURRENT ARTERY-49:23
SUPERFICIAL VOLAR RAMUS-49:26
MUSCULAR RAMI-49:24
VOLARCCARPAL RAMUS-49:25
RADIAL NERVE- 69: 65
DEEP RAMUS- 59: 69 Origin only
SUPERFICIAL RAMUS- 69: 71
c . Superficial muscles
BRACHIORDIALIS MUSCLE-26:17
PALMARIS LONGUS MUSCLE-26:7
PRONATOR TERES MUSCLE-26:3
HUMERAL HEAD-26:4
ULNAR HEAD-26:5
FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS MUSCLE-26:6
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS MUSCLE-26:8
.
. .-;!-. - J
: ; ;v:S
osr-ei-WaWtt 'jAT:i3?AVj?3 sw .
. ;j .hrr.'.'-j:..-
:?c -rfj-
' 7
A
esysv^a
Oc ; ^ S<3ifl?; SiT W ;-. IDiiAH ' i
12 e iT r iT'-TJ-/.-X; J' u r ; ~RA', ; JA
5-:
SUPERIOR EX1ERMITY 12 .
HUMERAL HEAD-26:9
ULNAR HEAD-26:10
FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUBLIMIS-26:!!
HUMERAL HEAD-26-.12
ULNAR HEAD-26:13
d. Ulnar vessels and median nerve
ULNAR ARTERY-49 :3 6
RECURRENT ULNAR ARTERIES-49:37
CGUUQN . INTEROSSEOUS ARTERY-49 : 3 9
VOLAR INTEROSSEOUS ARTERY-49 :42 Origin only.
DORSAL INTEROSSEOUS ARTERY-49 :40 Origin only.
VOLAR CARPAL RAMUS-49-.46'
DORSAL CARPAL RAMUS-49:45
MUSCULAR RAMI-49:44
ULNAR VSINS-54:36
ULNAR NERVE- 69: 55
PALMAR CUTANEOUS RAMI-69:55
DORSAL RAMUS OF THE KAND-69:57
VOLAR RAMUS OF THE HAND-69:59 Origin only.
MUSCULAR RAiviI-60:64
MEDIAN NERVE-69:48
Exposed by reflecting the humeral head of the pronator teres
muscle and the radial head of the flexor digitorum sublimis
muscle.
MUSCULAR RAL3-69:49
VOLAR INTEROSSEOUS NERVE OF THE FOREARM-69:50 Origin only.
PALMAR RAMUS OF THE MEDIAN NERVS-69:51 Origin only.
e . Dqep structures on the volar . aspect, of the forearm
FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUMDUS MUSCLE-26:14
FEEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS MUSCLE-26:15
PRONftTOR QUADRATUS MUSCLE-26:16
VOLAR II-JTEROSSEOUS ARTERY-49 :43
MEDIAN ARTERY-49 :43
MUSCULAR RAMI-49:44
VOLAR INTEaOSSEOUS NERVE-69:50
VI. Wrist and jjand: Volar Aspect
1. Surface anatomy
THENAR EMINEi'lCE-5:32
HYPOTHENAR Eifl!ENCE-5:33
TUBERCLE OF THE NAVICULAR BONE-14:54
TUBERCLE OF THE GREATER MULTANGULAR BONE-14:59
PISIFORM BCNE-14:57
IviETACARPAL BOISE -14: 68
PHALANGES -14: 74
2 Fascia and cutaneous nerves
S'kin incioions: a) longitudinally along the middle line of the
palm; b) transversely at the level of the proximal ends of the
inter'iigital clefts from the radial to the ulna* margin of the
hand; c) longitudinally along the middle line of each digit.
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA-23:36
PALMARIS BRZVIS &USCLE-26:29
PALMAR BRANCH OF THE MEDIAN NERVE-69;51
' - '
...
' ..-.'.
/
.. . .. ;... . 'j .
. . #
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY 13.
PALMAR CUTANEOUS BRANCH OF THE ULNAR NERVE-69:56
SUPERFICIAL BRANCH OF THE RADIAL NERVE-69:71
PALMAR APONEUROSIS-26:52
TRANSVERSE FASICULI-26:53
VOLAR CARPAL LIGAMEl!T-26:55
3. Muscles, nerves, vessels and ligaments
a. Nerves and vessels superficial to the muscles and ftexor tendons
of the palm.
Exposed by dividing the proxinal part of the palmar aponeuroeis
transversely, reflecting it distally and then removing the entire
aponeurosis together with the palmaris brevis muscle and the
volar carpal ligament.
SUPERFICIAL VOLAR ARCH-49:48
SUPERFICIAL VOLAR RAMUS OF THE RADIAL ARTERY-49:26
COMMON VOLAR DIGITAL ARTERIES-49:49
P^CPSJl VCLAR iDIGITALl AR7^?>I7S^9: 50
MEDIAN NERV-69:43
MUSCULAR RAMI-69:49
COMMON VOLAR DIGITAL NERVS-69:53
PROPER VOLAR DIGITAL NERVES- 69: 54
VOLAR RAMUS OF THE ULNAR NERVE IN THE HAND-69:59
DEEP RAMUS- 69: 63 Origin only.
SUPERFICIAL RAMU5-69:eo
COMMON VOLAR DIGITAL NERVES-69:61
PROPER VOLAR DIGITAL NERVES-69:62
b. Ligaments and mucous sheaths of the flexor tendons
TRANSVERSE CARPAL LIGAMENT-26:54
VAGINA TENDINUM MM. FLEXORUM COMMUNIUM-28:48
VAGINA TENDINIS M. FLEXORIS POLLICIS LONGI-28:49
VA6INAL LIGAMENTS OF THE DIGITS-26:59
ANNULAR LIGAMENTS OF THE DIGITS-26:60
CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS OF THE DIGITS-26:61
VINCULUM TENDINUM-26:57
CARPAL CANAL-20:24
CHIASMA TBiTOINUM-26:56
c. Muscles
LUMBRICALES MUSCLBS-26:37
Exposed by dividing the superficial volar arch just distal
tto the deep ramus of the ulnar artery and also at its
junction with the superficial volar ramus of the radial
artery and reflecting the arch distally, dividing the median
nerve stthe level of the wrist and reflecting it distally,
and dividing the flexor digitorum sublimis muscle at the
middle of the forearm and reflecting the distal part toward
its insertion.
The demonstration of the following structures may be completed by
dividing the flexor digitorum profundus in the forearm and reflect-*
ting it and the lumbricales muscles toward their insertions,
noting at the same time the musculdr rami from the deep branch of
the ulnar nerve to the two (ulnar) lumbrical muscles.
ABDUCTOR POLLICBS BREVIS MUSCLE-26:30
OPPONENS POLLICIS MUSCLE-26:32
ADDUCTOR POLLIS MUSCLE
. . . . .
- ' '
, ' : ; :.
.-.- -. . '.
::--:.
' : '
..'.:. /.....
: -...;.- .:.... '.... .
:
- ''
' ."*'
. \f"
: -j
..."
; -'-.- -
,,. :, ' ' '
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY 14.
ADDUCTOR POLLICIS I.:UBGLS-26:33
ABDUCTOR DIGITI QUINTI ;.iUCL3-26:3<-
FLSXCR DIGIT! ^UINTI BRSVIS I.IjSCLE-26:35
OPPONBIJ5 DIGITI QUIKTI HUSCLE-26:36
d. Nerves and vessels, internal to the flexor tendons and muscles
of tne pain.
D3.EF RAi:US OF THE ULNAR HERVE-69:63
MUSCULAR RAMI- 69 : 64
DEEP VOLAR ARCH-49:33
VOLAR ;.GTACARPAL ARTERIES -49: 34
PERFORATING RAMI-49:35
PRINCEPS POLLICIS ARTSRY-49:31
Demonstrated by detaching the adductor pollicis muscle at
its origin and reflecting it toward its insertion.
VOLAR RADIAL ARTERY C? THE INDEX DJGIT-49:32
VII,. L Tojrearia; Dorsal Aspect and Radial Margin
1. Fascia, muscles, nerves and vessels
a. Deep fascia of forearm
Fr the superficial fascia, cutaneouo nerves and superficial
vessels, see Superior Extremity, V:2
FASCIA OR FOREARLi-26:49
DORSAL CARPAL LIGAMENT-2S:51
b. Superficial muscles
Exposed by removing the deep fascia fron the dorsum of the fore-
aria, except where it gives origin to subjacent muscles as in the
region of tne elbow (retaining intact, ho',7ever, the dorsal carpal
ligament) .
BRACHIORADIALIS MUSCLE-2.6:17
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGU5 MUSCLE-26:18
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS MUSCLE-26:19
BURSA OF THE EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS MUSCLE-28:43
EXCENS OR DIGITORUI.! COffiUNIS MUSCLE-26:20
EXTENSOR DIGITI QUINTI PROPRIUS MUSCLE-26:22
ANCONAEUS MU5CLE-26:!
EXTENSOR CARPI ULKARIS KUSCLE-26:23
c._ Nerves and vessels
Exposed by dividing the extensor digitorun communis and extensor
digiti quinti muscles at the middle of the forearm, and reflecting
the proxiaal and distal segments of tho divided muscles toward
their origin and insertion, respectively.
DORSAL IliTEROSSEOUS ARTERY-49:40
RECURRENT INTEROSSEOUS ARTERY-49:41
ARTERIAL NETWORK OF THE ELBO?. r -49:38
VOLAR IMTERCSSEOUS ARTERY-49:42
DEEP RAMUS OF THE RADIAL MERVE-69:69
DORSAL INTZROSSEOU5 NER\E-69:7C
d. Deep muscles
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LOMGUS !,IUSCLE-26:25
-
SUPERIOR EXTREIvHTY 15.
EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS MUECLE-26:26
EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGU5 MUSCLB-26:27
EXTENSOR INDICIS PROPRIUS MUSCLE -2 5:28
S UPINATOR MUSCLE-2 6:24
VIII. Wrist and Hand: DorsaJ.. Aspect
l_ v _ Muscles, nerves and vessels
a. Vessels
For the cutaneous nerves and superficial vessels see Superior
Extremity, V:6.
RADIAL ART3RY-49:22
DORSAL CARPAL RAMUS-49:27
DORSAL CARPAL RETE-i9:28
DORSAL METACARPAL ARTERI2S-49:29
DORSAL DIGITAL ART3RIES-49:30
PERFORATING RAliI-49:35
b. Muscles, nerves and licgimenta
DORSAL CARPAL LIGAMSNT-26:51
JUNCTURAB TENDINUM-26:21
DORSAL IMTEROSSEOUS i^ERVE-69:70
TRANSTORSE LIGAM3NTS OF THE HEADS OF THE METACARPAL BONES-20:41
VOLAR INTEROSSEOUS MUSCLES-26:39
DORSAL INTEROSSEOUS MUSCLES-26:38
FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS MUSCLE-26:31 Deep head.
Demonstrated by reflecting the radial head of the first
dorsal interosseous muscle.
FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS MUSCLE-26:6
IX . Artie ulationg of the Superior Extremity
1. Shoulder 1oint-19;58
ARTICUAR CAPSULE-19:59
CORACOHIMERAL LIGAI^ENT-1 9 : 61
GLENOID LIP-19:60
LONG HEAD OF THE BICEPS MUSCLE-25:70
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE-IS :32
INTERTUBERCULAR MUCOUS SHEATH-25:71
BURSA SUBSCAPULARIS-28:28
2. Elbow .ioint~19:62
ARTICULAR CAPSULE-19:66
ULNAR COLLATERAL LIGAMENT-19:67
RADIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT-19:68
SYNOVIAL mffiRANE-18:32
HUfffiROULNAR ARTICULATION-1 9 : 63
HUMERORADIAL ARTICULATION-19:64
3. Joint of the hand-2Q:8
a. Radiocarpal articulation-2Q:9
ARTICULAR CAPS ULE-2 0:11
DORSAL RADIOCARPAL LIGAMSNT-20-.12
. , . .
SUPERIOR EXTREMITY 16.
VOLAR RADIOCARPAL LIGAMSNT-20:13
ULNAR COLLATERAL CARPAL LIGAlEi;T-20:15
RADIAL COLLATERAL CARPAL LIGAL3HT-20:16
b. Intercarpal articulation-2Q:10
ARTICULAR CAPSULE-20:11
RADIATE CARPAL LIGAMENT-? * : 14
DORSAL INTERCARPAL LIGAMENTS-20:17
VOLAR INTERCARPAL LIGAMENTS-20;18
INTEROSSEOUS INTERCARPAL LIGAMENTS-20:19
4. Pisiform ar tic ulation-2 0:20
ARTICULAR CAPS ULE-2 0:21
PISOHAMATE LIGAMENT-20:22
PISOMETACARPAL LIGAMENT-20:33
CARPAL CANAL-20:24
5. Radioulnar articulations
PROXIMAL RADIOULNAR ARTICULATION-19:65
ANNULAR LIGAMENT OF THE RADIUS-19:69
RECESSUS SACCIFCRMIS-20:!
DISTAL RADIOULNAR ARTICULATION-20:4
ARTICULAR DISC-20:6
ARTICULAR CAPSULE -2 0:5
RECESSUS SACCIFORMIS-20:7
INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE OF FOREARM-20:2
OBLIQUE CORD-20:3
6. Carpometacarpal articulation8-20:25
ARTICULAR CAPS ULES-2 0:32
DORSAL CARPOMETACARPAL LIGAMENTS -20:2 7
VOLAR CARPOMETACARPAL LIGAMENTS-20:28
CARPOMETACARPAL ARTICULATION OF THE THUMB-20:29
ARTICULAR CAPSULE-20:30
7. Intermetacarpal articulations-20:31
ARTICULAR CAPSULES-20:32
DORSAL BASAL LIGAMENTS-20:33
VOLAR BASAL LIGAMENTS-20:34
INTEROSSEOUS BASAL LIGAMENTS-20:35
8. Metacarpophalangeal articulations-20:37
ARTICULAR CAPS ULES-2 0:3 8
COLLATERAL ]LIGAMENTS-20:39
VOLAR ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS-20:40
TRANSVERSE LIGAMENTS OF THE HEADS OF THE METACARPAL BONES-20:41
9. Articulations of the diffit8-20;42
ARTICULAR CAPSULSS-20:43
COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS -2 0:44
'.
. "
- .
. '
.
. .
'
I-:.. -..,;
' " . ' . - '
.
I
' - .
; . .
THORAX
AND DEEP STRUCTURES OF THE BACK
THORAX AND DEEP STRUCTURES OF THE BACK IV..
I . General Characteristics^
1. Subdivisions of thorax and back
THORAX-4:47
THORACIC CAVITY-4:48
BRAST-4:49
MAMMA-4:50
MAMMARY PAPILLA-4:51
BACK-4:52
VERTEBRAL COLUMN-4:53
SPINAL CANAL-4:54
2. Surf ace anatomy . '
For the surface anatomy of the thorax and back see Superior
Extremity, 1:1 and 11:1.
3. General osteological characteristics of thorax
THORACIC CAVITY-S:58
SUPERIOR APERTURE OF THE THORAX-7:59
INFERBOR APERTURE OF THE THORAX-7 : 60
COSTAL ARCHES-7:61
INTERCOSTAL SPACES-7:62
INFRASTERNAL ANGLE-7:63
4. Regions of thorax* and back
For regions of the thorax and back refer to Superior Extremity,
1:2, and 11:2.
II. Thoracic Wall: Anterior and Lateral, Parts
1. Intercostal muscles, ligaments and nerves
For structures of the thoracic wall external to the costal arches
and intercostal muscles see Superior Extremity, 11:3, 4,
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES-25:5
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL LIGAMENTS-19:32
INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES-25:6
Exposed ly dividing the external intercostal muscles and
external intercostal ligaments along the inferior margins
of the intercostal spaces and reflecting the muscles and
ligaments upward.
INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL LIGAMENTS-19:33
ANTERIOR RAMI (INTERCOSTAL NERVES) OF THORACIC NERVES-70:!
MUSCULAR RAMI-70:2
LATERAL CUTANEOUS RAM1-70:3
POSTERIOR AND ANTERIOR RAMI-70:4, 5
LATERAL MAMMARY RAMl70:6
INTERCOSTOBRACHIAL NERVES-70: 7
ANTERIOR CUTANEOUS RAMI-70:8
iEDIAL MAMMARY RAMI-70:9
, .
:
... . . ;
'
'
- --' ..-....-.
-:'''"'' ' '
THORAX
Blood Vessels
HIGHEST INTERCOSTAL ARTRY-43:63
INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES-43:59
ANTERIOR RAMI-49:65
MUSCULAR RAMI-49:66
LATERAL CUTANEOUS RAMI-49:67
POSTERIOR RAMI-49:68
ANTERIOR RAMI-50:l
LATERAL MAMMARY RAMI-50:2
ANTERIOR CUTANEOUS RAMI-50:3
MEDIAL MAM4&RY RAMI-50:4
POSTERIOR RAMI-49:60 See also Superior Extremity, 1:3.
INTERCOSTAL VEINS-54:56
INTEPJHffl, M&MMARY ARTERY-48:34
Exposed by removing the intercostal muscles and ligaments
from the anterior ends of the intercostal spaces, guarding
against injury to the pleura.
STERNAL RAMI-48:39
PERFORATING RAMI-48:40
MAMMARY RAM! -48: 41
MUSCULAR RAMI-48-.42
CUTANEOUS RAKI-48:43
INTERCOSTAL RAMI-44:45
MUSCULOPHRENIC ARTERY-44:46
Exposed by cutting away the medial end of the sixth
costal cartilage .
SUPERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY-44:47 Its origin only.
INTERNAL MAMMARY VEIN-52:65
TRANSVERSE THORACIC MUSCLE-25:8
III. . Thoracic Cavity and Viscera
1. Pleura and pleural cavities
The pleura is exposed by removing the intercostal muscles,
separating the pleura from the internal surfaces of the sternum
and ribs, and with a saw and bone-forceps, removing the sternum
and costal arches by the following incisions, but retaining the
pleura intact? a) transversely through the sternum at the level
of the lower margin of the first costosternal junction; b) trans-
versely through the sternum at the level of the upper margin of
the sixth costosternal junction; c) dividing the second, third,
fourth, and fifth ribs at the junction of the middle and
^posterior thirds of each.
ENDOTHORACIC FASCIA-38:2
The pericardium may be identified by inserting the finger between
the lines of sternal reflection of the right and left pleurae
and passing it through the areolar tissue of the anterior
mediastinal cavity.
Incisions through the pleura exposing the pleural cavity:
a) longitudinally through the costal pleura midway between the
sternum and vertebral column extending from the first to the
sixth rib; b) transversely along the inferior margin of the first
rib and along the superior margin of the sixth rib, extending
.
THORAX
19.
medially to within about 2 cm. of the line of sternal reflection
the pleura and laterally to the line of the cut ends of the
second to fifth ribs.
PULMONARY LIGAMENT-38:16
CUPULA OF PLEURA-38:5
PULMONARY PLEURA-38:6
PARIETAL PLEURA-38:7
COSTAL PLEURA-38:H>
MEDIASTINAL PLEURA-38:8
MEDIASTINAL LAYERS-38:9
PERICARDIAL PLEURA-38:1G
DIAPHRAGMATIC PLEURA-38:12
PLEURAL SINUSES-38:13
PHRENICOCOSTAL SINUS-38:14 '
COSTOMEDIASTINAL SINUS-38:15
ADIPOSE FOLDS-38:17
PLEURAL VILLI-38:18
MEDIASTINAL SEPTUM-38:19
ANTERIOR MEDIASTINAL CAVITY-38:20
POSTERIOR MEDIASTINAL CAVITY-38:21
2 . Luns .
y dividi 6 it8 ro t cloee to the
a. Surface anatomy of lunge
BASE OF LUNG-37:57
APEX OF LUNG-37:58
COSTAL SURFACE-37:60
MEDIASTINAL SURFACE-37:61
DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE-37:62
ANTERIOR MARGIN-37:63
INFERIOR MARGIN-37:64
HILUS OF LUNG-37:65
ROOT OF LUNG-37:66
SUBCLAVIAN GROOVE-37:59
INTERLOBAR INCISURE-37:71
SUPERIOR LOBE-37:68
MIDDLE LOBE-37:69
INFERIOR LOBE-37:70
8ARDIAC NOTCH-37:67
^ Internal structure of lunga
BRONCHI-37:41
Demonstrated by tearing and removing parts of the pulmonary
sue and following the bronchi and blood vessels and
their eubdivieions as far as possible into the substance of
the lung.
BRONCHIOLES -3 7 : 74
RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES-37:75
ALVEOLAR DUCTULES-37:76
PULMONARY ALVEOLI-37:77
BRONCHIAL LYMPH GLANDS-37:78
BRONCHIAL LYMPHATIC NODULES-37'79
PULMONARY L'dMPH GLANDS-37:80
.
.
'
THORAX 20.
3 . Root of lung and related structures
a. Structures in relation to the right and left roots
Anterior:
ANTERIOR PULMONARY PLEXUS OF THE VAGUS NERVE-68:45
PHRENIC NERVE-69:21
PERICARDIACOPHRENIC ARTERY-48 : 3 8
Posterior:
VAGUS NERVE-68:22
POSTERIOR PULMONARY PLEXUS OF THE VAGUS NERVE-68:46
Inferior:
PULMONARY LIGAMENT-SSae,
In relation to the right root only:
AZYGOS VEIN- 54: 53
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA-52:50
In relation to the left root only:
AORTIC ARCH-46:49
DESCENDING AORTA-46:51
b. Structures within the root of each lung
BRONCHIAL ARTERIES-49:53
PULMONARY ARTERY-46:40
RIGHT AND LEFT RAMI-46:41, 42
PULMONARY VEINS-52:37
BRIGHT AND LEFT PULMONARY VEINS-52:38, 39
BRONCHUS, RIGHT AND LEFT-37:47
BRONCHIAL RAMI-37:48
EPARTERIAL BRONCHIAL RAMUS-37:49
HYPARTERIAL BRONCHIAL RAMI-37:50
BRONCHIAL LYMPH GLANDS-56:52
4. Phrenic nerve and nerves to the superficial part of the cardiac plexus
PHRENIC NERVE-69:21
PERICARDIAC RAMUS-69:22
PHRENICOABDOMINAL RAMI-69:23
Nerves in relation to te superficial part of the cardiac plexus:
SUPERIOR CARDIAC NERVE-7}:59 From the cervical sympathetic.
INFERIOR CARDIAC RAMUS-68:37 From the left vagus nerve.
CARDIAC GANGLION-72 :ll
5. Thymus-38:3l
Usually in a condition of atrophy in the adult, but showing the
following structures in the child:
RIGHT AND LEFT LOBES-38:32
CENTRAL TRACT-38:33
LOBULES OF THE THYMUS-38:34
6. _.. Peridardiuia
STERNOPERICARDIAL LIGAMENTS-45:43
Incisions exposing the pericardial cavity: a) longitudinally
through the pericardium from the aorta to the diaphragm;
b) transversely from the middle of the right to the qiiddle of
the left root of the lung.
:
."
THORAX 21.
PERICARDIUM-45&41
EPICARDIUM-45:45
PERICARDIAL FLUID-45;42
TRANSVERSE SINUS OF THE PERICARDIUM-45:44
~ Great veins of the thorax and their tributaries
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA-52:50
RIGHT AND LEFT INNOMINATE VEINS- 52: 51
INFERIOR THYRSOID VEINS-52:52 Termination only
THYRSOIDEA IMA VEIN- 52: 53
The first five of the following tributaries are snail
and usually difficult to demonstrate:
THYMIC VEINS -52: 56
PERICARDIAC VEINS-52:57
SUPERIOR PHRENIC VEINS-52:58
ANTERIOR MEDIASTINAL VEINS-52:59
ANTERIOR BRONCHIAL VEINS -52: 60
VERTEBRAL WIN- 52: 63 Termination only.
INTERNAL LiAlvL'ARY VSIN-52:65
HIGHEST INTERCOSTAL VEIN- 52: 68
AZYGOS VEIN- 54 :53
INFERIOR VENA CAVA-55:3
8. Heart and aorta
a. Surface anatomy
APEX OF HEART-45:36
STERNOCOSTAL SURFACE-45:34
DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE-45:35
RIGHT ATRIUM-46:!
RIGHT AURICLE-46:7
LEFT ATPJUM-46:26
LEFT AURICLS-46:27
RIGHT VENTRICLE-46:13
LEFT VENTRICLE-46.-29
CORONARY SULCUS -4 5 : 40
ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL SULCUS-45:38
POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL SULCUS-45'39
NOTCH AT APEX OF HEART-45:37
b. Nerve and vascular supply
RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY OF THE HEART-46'52
POSTERIOR DESCENDING RAMUS-46:53
LEFT CORONARY ARTERY OF THE HSART-46:54
CIRCUMFLEX RAMUB-46:55
GREAT CARDIAC VEIN- 52:42
POSTERIOR VEIN OF LEFT VENTRICLE- 52 -43
5BLIQUS VEIN OF LEFT ATRIUM- 52:44
MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN- 52:46
SMALL CARDIAC VBIN-52:47
AH3BRIOR VEINS OF THE HEART-52:48
SMALLEST VEINS OF THE HEART- 52149
ANTERIOR CORONARY PLEXUS-72'10
POSTERIOR CORONARY PLEXUS-72:12
.::
':'>' -
-'''
':'
THORAX 22.
Cavities of the heart. Pulmonary vessels
RIGHT ATRIUM-46:!'
Incisions exposing the cavity of the right atrium:
a) longitudinally frozn a point just anterior to the
superior vena cava, dov/nward and backward to the inferior
rena cava; b) from the middle point of the preceding
incision obliquely upward to the tip of the right auricle.
EPICARDIUM-45:45
MYOCARDIUM-45:46
ENDOCARDIUM-45:47
SULCUS TERMINALIS OF RIGHT ATRIUK-46:3
CRISTA TERMINALIS-46:4
SINUS VENARUM CARVARUM -46:5
PECTINATE MUSCLES-46:2
INTERVENOUS TUBERCLE-46:8
SEPTUM OF THE ATRIA-45:54
MEMBRANOUS PART-45:55
FOSSA OVALIS-46:10
LIMBUS FOSSAE OVALIS-46:6
VALVE OF THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA-46:9
VALVE OF THE CORONARY SINUE-46:!!
VENOUS ORIFICE-45:56
FORAMINA OF THE SMALLEST CARDIAC VEINS-46:12
RIGHT VENTRICLE -4 6: 13
Incisions exposing the cavity of the right ventricle:
a) from the diaphragmatic surface of the heart upward cm.
to the right of and parallel with the anterior longitudinal
sulcus to the origin of the pulmonary artery; b) from the
upper end of the preceding incision transversely to the
right, parallel with and 1 cm. inferior to the coronary
aulcus.
CONUS ARTERIOSUS-46:19
SUPRA VENTRICULAR CREST-46:18
VENOUS ORIFICE-45:56
TRICUSPID VALVE-46:14
ANTERIOR CUSP-46:I5
POSTERIOR CUSP-46:16
MEDIAL CUSP-46:17
PAPILLARY MUSCLES-45:60
CHORDAE T3NDINAE-45:61
TRABECULAE CARNEAE-45:58
PULMONARY ARTERY-46:40
RIGHT AND LEFT RAMUS-46:41, 42
LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM-46:44
DU6TUS ARTERIOSUS x -46:43
ARTERIAL ORIFICE(pF RIGHT VENTRICLEJi-45:57
SEMILUNAR VALVES OF PULMONARY ARTERY-46--20
ANTERIOR, RIGHT, AND LEFT SEMILUNAR VALVES-46:21,23
NODULES OF THE SELilLUNAR VALVES-46:24
LUNULAE OF THE SEMILUNAR VALVES-46:25
LEFT ATRIUI^-46:26
The cavity and vascular communications of the left atrium are
exposed by dividing the inferior vena cavaj. turning the heart
upward and making an incision through the left atrial wall
extending from the middle of its posterior margin forward to
the tip of the left auricle.
. - ,
; .
.
,
' ' ' '
' -
-
THORAX 23 .
VALVE OF THE FORAMEN OVALIS-46:28
LEFT VENTRICLE-46:29
Inciscions exposing the cavity of the left ventricle:
a) beginning near tne coronary sulcus anteriorly and extend-
ing parallel and 1 cm. to the left of the anterior longituni&l
sulcus to the apex of the heart; b) beginning posteriorly near
the coronary sulcus and extending parallel and 1 cm. to the
left of the posterior longitudinal sulcus and joining the
end of the first incision at the apex of the heart
TRABECULAE CARNEA-45:58
PAPILLARY MUSCLES-45:60
CHORDAE TENDINEAE-45:61
VENOUS ORIFICE-45:56
ARTERIAL ORIFI CE-45 : 57
BICUSPID VALVE-46:30
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CUSPS-46:31, 32
VENTRICUIAR SEPTUM-45:49
MUSCULAR SEPTUM OF VENTRICLE-45:50
MEMBRANOUS SEPTUM OF VENTRICLE-45:51
d. Aorta and its branches
ASCENDING AORTA-46:46
BULB OF AORTA-46:47
SINUS OF AORTA-46:48
RIGHT AND LEFT CORONARY ARTERIES-46:52 , 54
AORTIC ARCH-46:49
ISTHMUS OF AORTA-46:50
INNOLxINATE ARTERY-4 6 : 57
(THYREOIDEA IMA ARTERY] -46: 58
COMMON CAROTID ARTERY LLEFTJ -46: 59
S UBCLA VIAN ARTERY $ LEFT) -48:20
DESCENDING AORTA {THORACIC PORTI 01^-46:51 Origin only.
SSMILUNAR VALVES OF AORTA-46:33
RIGHT, LEFT AND POSTERIOR SEMILUNAR VALVES-46:34-36
NODULES AND LUNULAE OF THE SEMILUNAR VALVES-46:37. 38
e. Myocardium and fibrous riBgs of the heart
The subsequent structures are exposed to better advantage after
the great blood vessels have been divided near their juncture
with the heart and the heart removed.
ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE OF HIS
Demonstrated more favorably in the sheep's heart.
FIPROUS RINGS-45:63
Exposed by removing the atria of -the heart.
FIBROUS TRIGONES-45:62
f . Cardiac plexus
For the superficial part of the cardiac plexus, see 111:4.
The following nerves entering into the formation of the deep part
of the cardiac plexus are exposed by dividing the aortic arch at
its junction with the descending aorta and turning aside the
aortic arch.
MIDDLE CARDIAC NSRVE OF SYMPATHETIC SYSTEIi-71:61
IltfFERIOR CARDIAC NERVE OF SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM- 71: 64
SUPERIOR CARDIAC NERVES OF VAGU5-68:34
(DEPRESSOR; NSRvs)-s8:35
INFERIOR CARDIAC RAMI OF THE RECURRENT NERVE-68:37
THORAX 24.
9. Trachea and bronchi
BRONCHIAL LYMPH GLANDS-56:52
TRACHEA-37:41
BIFURCATION OF THE TRACHEA-37:46
RIGHT AND LEFT BRONCHI-37:47
BRONCHOESOPHAGEAL MUSCLED : 72
10. Posterior mediastinal cavity and structures within it
POSTERIOR MEDIASTINAL CAVITY-38:21
The following structures are exposed, so far as they are in
relation to the posterior mediastinal cavity, by making a
longitudinal incision through the posterior wall of the
pericardial cavity and reflecting the pericardium.
VAGUS NERVE- 68: 32
RECURRENT NERVE- 68:3 6
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR BRONCHIAL RAMI-68:43, 44
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR PULMONARY PLEXUSES-68:45. 46
Cf. Thorax, 111:3.
OESOPHAG-EAL RAMI-68;47 .
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR OESOPHAGEAL PLEXUSES- 68:48, 49
THORACIC PART OF OESOPHAGUS-32 : 68
THORACIC AORTA- 59: 51
VISCERAL RAMI-49:52
BRONCHIAL ARTERIES -4 9: 53
OESOPHAGEAL ARTERIES -4 9: 54
PERICARDIAC RAM -49: 55
PARIETAL RAMI-49:56
MEDIASTINAL RAMI-49:57
SUPERIOR PHRENIC ARTERIES-49: 58
INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES-49: 59
THORACIC DUCT-56:25
POSTERIOR MEDIASTINAL LYMPH GLANDS-56:54
IV Thoracic Wall: Posterior Part
1. Thoracic part of the sympathetic nervous system
Exposed by removing the parietal pleura from the posterior part
of the thoracic wall,
SYMPATHETIC TRUNK-71:30
THORACIC CANGLIA-72:2
RAMI COMMUNICANTES-68:72
GREAT SPLANCHNIC NERVE-72:3
SPLANCHNIC GANGLION- 72: 4
SMALL SPLANCHNIC NERVS-72:5
(LOWEST SPLANCHNIC NERVE) -72: 7
2. Structures in relation to the internal surface of the posterior
fhoracic v;all
SUBCOSTAL MUSCLES-25:7 Not c-onstant in degree of development.
INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES-25:6
INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES-49: 59
HIGHEST INTERCOSTAL ARTERY-48:63
INTERCOSTAL NERVES-70:!
:
i
-
'
.,
-
.' ;/ \
.
.
.
THORAX 25.
INTERCOSTAL VEINS-54:56
AZYGOS VEIN- 54: 53
HEMIAZYGOS VEIN- 54: 54
The following veins are variable in their relationship and
degree of development:
ACCESSORY HEMIAZYGOS VEIN- 54: 55
OESCPHAGEAL VEINS-54:59
POSTERIOR BRONCHIAL VEINS-54:60
V. Deep Structures of the Back
1. Posterior serrati muscles and the lurabodorsal fascia
For the muscles and related structures external to the posterior
serrati muscles, see Superior Extremity, 1-3, 4.
For the structures of the back of the neck see Head and Neck,
IV:2-4.
SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR MUSCLE-23:22
SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR MUSCLE-23:21
LUMBODORSAL FASCIA-24:5
A longitudinal incision through its posterior layer and a
medial displacement of the subjacent sacrospinalis muscle
exposes i ts ( a #^ r ,fPfpf a y e - r ' A longitudinal incision through
this anterior/ layer close to its attachment to the tips of
the transverse processes and a medial displacement of the
lateral margin of the subjacent quadratus lumborum muscle
exposes the transversalis fascia.
2. Intrinsic muscles of the back.^-
For the corresponding muscles of the neck see Head and Neck, IV:3.
SACROSPINALIS MUSCLE-23 :25
ILIOCOSTALIS MUSCLE-23:26
Demonstrated by successive lateral eversions of its
inferior, middle and superior subdivisions, guarding
the nerves and vessels emerging between the iliocostalis
and the longissimus dorsi muscles.
ILIOCOSTALIS LUMBORUM MUSCLE-23:27
ILIOCOSTALIS DORSI MUSCLE-23;28
ILIOCOSTALIS CERVICIS MUSCLE-23 :29 Origin only.
LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE-23 :30
LONGISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE-23 :31
LONGISSIMUS CERVICIS MUSCLE-23 :32 Origin only.
LONGISSIMUS CAPITIS MUSCLE-23 :44 Thoracic origin only.
SPINALIS MUSCLE-23 :45
SPIRUIS DORSI MUSCLE-23 :46
SEMISPINALIS MUSCLE-23 :49
Exposed by removing the spinalis dorsi muscle and reflecting
the longissimus dorsi muscle laterally.
SEM3&3IHALIS DORSI MUSCLE-23: 50
SEMISPINALIS CERVICIS MUSCLE-23: 51 Thoracic portion only.
MULTIFIDUS MUSCLE-23: 53
Demonstrated by detaching the semispinalis muscle at its
insertion and reflecting it laterally.
* Many of" the structures indicated in sections 2 to 6 may also
be demonstrated as exposed in a cross section of the posterior
thoracic wall made at about the level of the fourth thoracic
'''.
'
'-' '.
. . . .
..''.'
. .. .
THORAX 26.
ROTATORES MUSCLE-23 :54
Exposed by removing the multifidus nuscle, guarding against
injury to thoracic and lunbar nerves and vessels.
ROTATGRES LONGI IJUSCLE-23 :55
ROTATORES BREVES LiUSCLBS-23 :56
The following muscles are not as well developed in the back as
in the neck:
INTERSPIUALIS IJUSCLES-23 :57
INTERTRANSVERII MUSCLES-23 : 58
INTERTRANSVERSARII MEDIALES MUSCLES-23 :60
INTERTRANSVERSARII LATERALES MUSCLES-23 : 59
3. Nerves and blood vessels
POSTERIOR RAMI OF THORACIC NERVES-69:75
LATERAL CUTANEOUS RAMI-69:76
MEDIAL CUTANEOUS RAMI-69:77
POSTERIOR RAMI OF LUMBAR NERVES-70:12
MEDIAL RAMUS-70:13
LATERAL RAMUG-70:14
POSTERIOR RAMI OF SACRAL A1ID COCCYGSAL NERVES-70:18
POSTERIOR KAMI OF INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES-49:60
MUSCULAR RAMI -49: 62
MEDIAL CUTANEOUS RA13-49:63
LATERAL CUTANEOUS RAMI -4 9: 64
DORSAL RAM OF THE HIGHEST INTERCOSTAL ARTERY-48:64
DORSAL RAMUS OF LUMBAR ARTERIES -50: 10
DORSAL RAMUS OF INTERCOSTAL VEINS- 54: 57
The lumbar veins also have dorsal tributaries from the back
comparable to the dorsal rani of the lunbar arteries.
4. Vertebral canal: blood-vessels and menin^es
The contents of the vertebral canal are exposed by cutting
through the laminae of the vertebral arches close to the
articular processes, dividing the ligamentua flava and removing
the posterior wall of the vertebral canal.
LIGAJffiNTA FLAVA-18:40
SUPRASPINOUS LIGAi3NT-18:44
INTERSPINOUS LIGAMENTS-18:43
Arteries supplying the vertebral column:
SPINAL RAMUS OF POSTERIOR RAMI OF INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES-49:61
SPINAL RAMUS OF LUMBAR ARTSRIES-50:11
CAVUI.I EPIDURALE-65:42
DURA MATER SPINALI3-65:40
EILUIvI DURAE MATRIS SPINALIS-65:41
The following structures are exposed by making a median incision
through the dura, guarding against injury to the subjacent
arachnoidea .
CAVUM SUBDDRALE-65:43
PIA HATER SPINALIS-65:54
ARACHNOIDEA SPIMALIS-65:44
CAVUM 3UBARACKj:OIDEALE-65:46
UGAJSENTUSi D3NTICULATUM-65 : 55
THORAX 27.
5. Spinal cord: nerves, blood vessels and surface anatomy
For the cervical part of the spinal cord see Head and Neck, IX:4,
a> Spinal nerves
THORACIC lffiRVES-69:74
LUMBAH K33VS3-70:lO
SACRAL NERVES-70:17
COCCYGEAL NSRVES-70:17
CAUDA EQUINA-68:74
ANTERIOR ROOT- 68: 67
POSTERIOR ROOT- 68: 68
FILIA RADICULARIA-68:66
SPINAL GANGLION-68:69
ANTERIOR RAMUS-68-.70
POSTERIOR RAMVS - 68 : 71
RAMUS kEKXNGKUB-68:73 Difficult to demonstrate'.
In demonstrating the remaining structures of the spinal cord,
the spinal nerve trunks are cut, the cord divided transversely
at about the level of the first thoracic vertebra, and the cord,
and its membranes removed from the vertebral canal.
b. Blood vessels of the spinal cord. Usually difficult to
demonstrate.
SPINAL RAMI OF POSTERIOR RAMI OF INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES -49: 61
SPINAL RAMI OF LUMBAR ARTERIES-50:11
SPINAL RAliUS OF ILIOLUMBAR ARTERY- 50: 60
SPINAL RAMI OF LATERAL SACRAL ARTERY- 50: 63
INTERNAL SPINAL VEINS-55:2
POSTERIOR EXTERNAL SPINAL ?EINS-55:1
ANTERIOR EXTERNAL SPIJIAL VEINS-54:70
INTERVERTEBRAL VEINS-54:69
c. Surface anatomy of the spinal cord
THORACIC PART-58:23
LUMBAR PART- 58:24
LUMBAR ENLARGEMENT-58:25
MEDULLARY CONE- 58*2 6
VENTRICULUS TERMINALIS-58:28
FILUM TERMINALE-5Bi27
ANTERIOR MEDIAN FISSURE- 58:2 9
POSTERIOR MEDIAN SULCUS-58:30
ANTERIOR LATERAL SULCUS-58:31
POSTERIOR LATERAL SULCUS-58:32
POSTERIOR INTERldEDIATE SULCUS- 58:33
(ANTERIOR INTERMEDIATE suLCus)-58:34
FUNICULI OF THE SPINAL CORD-58:45
ANTERIOR FUNICULUS-58:36
LATERAL FUNICULUS-58:37
POSTERIOR FUNICULUS-58:38
6. Spinal cord: internal structure.^
Demonstrated by making transverse sections through the spinal
cord at various levels,, and in some instances requiring ths
aid of a hand Ions.
THORAX 28,
a. Gray matter
CENTRAL CANAL- 58:40
CENTRAL GRAY MATTER- 58: 41
ANTERIOR GRAY COMMISSURE- 58: 43
POSTERIOR COMMISSUR3-58:44
GRAY COLUMNS-58:45
ANTERIOR COLUMN-48:46
LATERAL COLUMN- 58: 47
RETICULAR FORMATION- 58: 53
POSTERIOR COLUMN-58:48
NECK OF POSTERIOR COLUMN- 58:49
APEX OF POSTERIOR COLUMN-58:50
GELATINOUS SUBSTANCE-58:51
b. White matter
ANTERIOR WHITE COMMISSURE-58~..42
ANTERIOR FUNICULUS-58:54
ANTERIOR CEKEBROSPINAL OR PYRAMIDAL FASICULUS-58:55
LATERAL FUNICULUS-59:2
LATERAL CEREBROSPINAL OR PYRAMIDAL FAICULUS-59:3
CEREBELLOSPINAL FASICULUS-59:4
POSTERIOR FUNICULUS-59:7
FASICULUS GRACILIS-59:8
FASICULUS CUNEATUS-59:9
VI. Articulations of the thorax
1. Sternocostal articulatjLons-19:25
ARTICULAR CAPSULE-19:26
INTERARTICULAR STERNOCOSTAL LIGAMSNT-19:27
RADIATE STERNOCOSTAL LIGAMENTS-19:28
MEMBRANE OF STERN(M-19:29
COSTOXIPHOID LIGAMENTS-19:30
INTERCHONDRAL ARTICULATIONS-19:34
2. Synchondrosis sternalis-7:49
3. Costovertebral articulations-19:12
a. Capitular articulations-19:l3
AP.TIGULAR CAPSULES-19:14
RADIATE LIGAMENT OF HEAD OF RIB-19:15
INTERARTICULAR LIGAMENT OF HEAD OF RIB-19:16
b. Coc to transverse articulation8-19;17
ARTICULAR CAPSULES-19:18
LIGAMENT OF TUBERCLE OF RIB-19:19
LIGAMENT OF NECK OF RIB-19:20
ANTERIOR COSTOTRANSVERSS LIGAMSNT-19:21
POSTERIOR COSTOTRANSVERSE LIGAfiENT-19:22
LUfffiOCOSTAL LIGAI-ffiNT-1 9:23
COSTOTRANSVERSE FORAMEN-19:24
THORAX 29.
4. Articulations of the vertebral column
For the ligaments in relation to the vertebral arches,, see
Thorax, V:4.
ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL L!GAIiENT-13:4S
POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAM5;JT-18:47
INTERVERTEBRAL FIBROCARTILAGES-1S:37
The following structures nay be demonstrated by dividing the
thorax at about the level of the fourth thoracic intervertebral
disc, and making incisions through the disc:
ANNULUS FIBROSUS-18:38
NUCLEUS PUPi:USUS-18:39
HEAD AND NECK
30 *
I. Structures in Relation to the Scalp and Temporal Region
1. General, characteristics of cranium
a. Subdivisions of cranium
CRANIUM-4:7
VERTEX-4:8
SIXI?UT-4:9
FOR3HEAD-4:10
OCCIPUr-4:ll
TSI<.'iPLES-4:12
EAR-4:13
AURICLSS-4M4
b. Regions of head-82:l
FRONTAL RSGIOrI-82:2
SUPRAORBITAL REGION-C2:3
PARIETAL REGION-82:4
OCCIPITAL REGION-82:5
TEMPORAL R3GION-82:6
AURICULAR REGION-82:?
TiASTOID REGION-82:8
2. Scalp and temporal regions: Superficial blood vessels and nerves
a. Frontal region
Inciscions for skin reflection: a) median longitudinal from the
glabella to the external occipital protuberance; to) frontal over
the vertex from the right to the left mastoid processes; (
c) from a point on the latter incision just above the ear, down-
ward and slightly anteriorly to. the root of the zygona.
SUPRATROCHLEAR NSRVE- 66:22
SUPRAORBITAL KERVE-66:20
FRONTAL ARTERY-48:12
SUPRAORBITAL ARTSRY-48:5
ANGULAR VEIN- 53: 71
b. Temporal region
TE^'iPORAL BRANCHES OF FACIAL NERVE- 67: 58
AURICULOTSlviPORAL i^RVS-67 :16
ZYGOMATICOTEIiPORAL BR,UJCH OF ZYGO.MATIC NERVE- 66:41
SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTBRY-47:36
FRONTAL RAMUS-47 :42
PARIETAL RAL1]3-47:43
SUPERFICIAL TE;iviPORAL VEINS- 54: 7
c. Mastoid and occipital regions
POSTERIOR AUFJCULAR NSRVE-67:52
OCCIPITAL RAMUS^-eTiSS
POSTERIOR RAMUS OF GRSAT AURICULAR NERVE XX -69:12
LESSER OCCIPITAL HERVE-69:10
GREAT OCCIPITAL NSRVE- 69: 6
POSTERIOR AURICULAR ARTERY-47:29
OCCIPITAL ARTERY-47:22
HEAD AliD JSCK 31.
POSTERIOR AURICULAR VEIN-54-J-21
OCCIPITAL VEIN- 54:20
3. Scalp: Peeper structures
a. Muscles
EPICRANIUS MUCLE-24:8
FRONTAL MUSCLE-24:9
PROCE RUS MUS CLE -2 4 : 11
OCCIPITALIS MUSCLE-24:10
AURICULARIS ANTERIOR MUSCLE-24:20
AURICULARIS SUPERIOR MUSCLE-24:21
AURICULARIS POSTERIOR MUSCLE-2&:22
GALEA APONEUROTICA -24: 42
PERICRANIUM-12:16
Exposed by dividing the galea aponeurotica by two incisions,
about 4 cm. in length, intersecting each other at right
angles at the vertex and reflecting tne flaps, identifying at
the same time the loose areolar connective tissue external
to it.
b. Lymphatics
OCCIPITAL LUMPH GLANDS-56:35
POSTERIOR AURICULAR GLANDS-56:36
ANTERIOR AURICULAR GLANDS-56:37
4. .Auricle or external ear
LOBULE OF THE AURICLE-78:33
TRAGUS-78:46
INCISURA INTERTRAGICA-78:49
INCISURA ANTERIOR-78:4
CONCKA OF AURICLE-78:43
CYMBA OF CONCHA-78:44
CAFITY OF CONCHA-78:45
HELIX-78:35 /
CRUS HELICIS*X-78:36
SPINA HELICISXX-78:37
CAUDA HELICI5XX-78:38
ANTHELIX-78:39
FOSSA TRIANGULARIS>'- x -78 : 40
(Tuberculum auriculae) xx -78:50
FOSSA ANTHELIXXX-78:59
EMINENTIA CONCHAEXX_78: 60
EMINEIWIA SCAPHAEXX-78:61
EMINENTIA FOSSAE TRIAMGULARISXX_78:62
The muscles and ligaments of the external ear-78:67-74- are
exposed by removing the skin from the auricle.
II. Intracranial structures in relation to the brain and cranial wall
1. Structures, exposed by the removal of the calvaria
The calvaria may be removed by: a) mking a median longitudinal
incision through the galea aponeurotica and pericranium, extending
from the glabella to the external occipital protuberance, and reflec*
ting the two flaps laterally to the level of the temporal lines;
.
HSAD AND NECK 32.
b) detacning the temporal muscle and temporal fascia from the
bone and completing the reflection of the galea aponeurotica,
pericranium, temporal fascia and muscle downward to the level
of the ears; d) with K. sav/ making a cut along the largest hori-
zontal circumference of the cranium passing just superior to
the glabella anteriorly and a little above the external occipital
protuberance posteriorly, oawing through the outer table of the
skull only; e) with a mallet and chisel splitting the inner table
of the bone along the line of the preceding cut, inserting a hock
into the cut in front and forcibly wrenching off the skull cap.
DURA MATER OF THE BRAIrt-65:33
MIDDLE IvENINGEAL ARTERY-47 : 50
ARACHNOIDSAL GRANULATIONS- 6 5 : 53
The following structures are exposed: a) by making two sagittal
incisions through the dura cater, one on each side of the super-
ior sagittal sinus, along its entire length anteriorly and
pposteriorly; b) from the middle of each of the preceding inci-
sions, cutting lateralv.te.rd through the dura cater down to the
cut mrgins of the skull and reflecting the four flaps of the
dura mater.
SUBDFR/'lCAVE-65:43
ARACHNOID OF THE BRAIN- 65:45
PIA KATER OF THE BRAIN- 65: 67
VENAE CER5ERI-53:41
SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS- 53: 19
Its interior nay be exposed by an incision extending
throughout its entire length.
FLLX CEKEBRI-65:34
2. ^Structures exposed by the removal tsTf the brain
a. Roots of cerebral nerves
As preliminary to the removal of the brain the roots of the
cerebral nerves r.ay be exposed by: a) detaching the falx cere'gri
from the crista galli and pulling it backward; - b) raising the
frontal lobes of the brain from the floor of the cranium
(facilitated by letting the head hang back-.vard over a head block)
and detaching the olfactory bulbs from the lamina cribrosa of
the ethmoid bone and thus at the same time severing the olfactory
nerves^ c) dividing (preferably with a scissors) the optic nerves,
internal carotid arteries, infundibuluroy oculomotor nerves and
the trochlear nerves (the latter being found in relation to the
free margin of the tentorium cerebelli) ; d) exposing the tentor-
ium from the middle cranial fossae, dividing the tentorium along
ita attachment to the superior angle of the temporal bone on
each side; and e) identifying and dividing in succession the
following cerebral nerves:
TRIGEMINAL NERVE- 56 : 11
ABDUCENT NERVE- 67:46
FACIAL NE8VE-67:47
ACOUSTIC NERVS-67:65
GLOSS OPHARYNGBAL HERVE-68:8
VAGUS NERV2-68:22
ACCESSORY NERVE -68: 57
HY50GLOSGAL NERVE- 68: 60
-
.
,
HEAD AND; NECK 33.
f) The detachment of the brain may then be completed by dividing
the vertebral arteries and spinal cord just below the level of the
f oramenimagnura and removing the organ.
Note: A second method for the removal of the brain which
may be adopted at stage (d) in the above procedure is to displace
the temporal lobes of the cerebrum, dividing the midbrain, remov-
ing the cerebrum and studying the structures tnus exposed within
the base of the cranium. Next dividing the tentorium along its
attached border, studying the exposed surface of the cerebellum
and then proceeding as in stages (e) and (f). The former method
is the one usually adopted in an autopsy; the latter method is
perhaps more instructive although it does not leave the brain
intact.
b. General structural characteristics of the exposed base of the
cranium and related dura mater.
The following structures may be identified by inspection:
ANTERIOR, MIDDLE AND POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSAE-12 :29-31
CRISTA GALLI-10:38
SMALL 'JTING OF THE SPHENOID BONE- 8: 41
ANTERIOR CLINOID PROCSSS-8:44
OPTHALMIC ARTSRY-47:70
POSTERIOR CLIIIOID PROCSSS-8:31
DIAPHRAGM SELLAE-65:37
CISTERNA INTERPEDUNCULARIS-65:51
FALX CEREBELLUM-65:36
GREAT CEREBRAL VEINS-53:48
BASILIAR VEIN- 53: 51
The foramina transmitting the cerebral nerves may be demonstrated
in a skeletal preparation of the skull.
c. Sinuses of the dura mater-53:l3
In opening and demonstrating the following sinuses, the dura
should be left in situ in the floor of the cranium.
TRANSVERSE SINUS-53:14
CONFLUENCE OF THE SINUSES-53 :15
OCCIPITAL SINUS- 53: 17
SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS-53:19
INFERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS-53:20
STRAIGHT SINUS-53:21
INFERIOR PETROSAL SINUS-53:22
SUPERIOR PETROSAL SINUS-53:23
CAVERNOSUS SINUS-53:24 Its walls and contents should be left
intact.
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR INTERCAVERNOSUS SINUSES-53 : 2 5-2 6
CIRCULAR SINUS-53:28
SPHSNOPARIETAL SINUS-53:28
BASILAR PLEXUS- 53: 18
DIPLOIC VEINS-53:34-37
EMISSARY VEINS-53 :34-37
d . Arteries
Tne cut ends of the following arteries may be identified by
inspection of the floor of the cranium and the base of the brain,
and their osseous relations in the cranium demonstrated in a
skeletal preparation of the skull.
HEAD AND NECK 34.
INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY-47:68
VERTEBRAL ARTERY-48:21
MIDDLE MENIiJGEAL ARTSRY-47:50
e. Hypofrhysis-62 :30
Isolated for study by detaching the diaphragraa sellae and
removing the hypophysis from the sella turcica.
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR L03E3-62:31, 32
The relations of its lobes may be further examined by divid-
ing the hypophysis in the sagittal plane.
To retain the structure in the floor of the cranium for later
study the cranial cavity nay be filled with tow or gauze
soaked with preservative fluid, the calvarium replaced and
the scalp flaps stitched in position over it.
III. Structures in the lateral and anterior regions of the neck
1. Surface anatomy
HYOID BONE-12:10
GREATER CORNUA-12 :13
LARYNGEAL PROMINENCE-3 6:19
THYREOID CARTILAGE-36:21
CRICOID CARTILAGE-36:35
TRACHEA-37:41
CAROTID TUBERCLE OF THE 6th CERVICAL VERTEBRA-6:42
JUGULAR NOTCH-7:54
CLAVICLE-13 : 59
MANDI3LS-ll:60 Its inferior margin.
MASTOID PROCESS-8:78
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID MUSCLE-24:55
2. Regions of the neck
ANTERIOR REGIONS OF THE NECK-82:24
SUBMENTAL RSGION-82:25
HYOID REGION-82:26
SUBHYOID REGION-82:27
LARYNGEAL REGI 011-82 :2 8
THYREOID REGION-82:29
SUPRASTERNAL REGI ON- 82: 30
JUGULAR FOSSA-82:31
SUBMAXILLARY REGI ON- 82 :32
CAROTID. FOSSA-82 :33
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID REGION-82:34
EESSER SUPRACLAVICULAR DOSSA-82:35
LATERAL REGIONS OF THE NECK-82:36
LARGER SUPR&SLAVICULAR FOSSA-32:37
OMOCLAVICULAR TRIANGLE- 82 :3 8
POSTERIOR REGIONS OF THE NECK-82:39
NUCHAL REGION-82:40
3. Superficial fascia, platysma. veins and cutaneous nerves
Incisions for skin reflection: a) in the middle line from the chin
to the nanubrium; b) from the middle of the superior margin of the
manubriujT; obliquely upward and backward along the
..: - , ' ,. -- ..
. .
. '.. '.
HDAD AND NECK 35.
mastoid muscle to the mastoid process; c) from the middle of the
superior margin of the manubrium laterally along the clavicle to
the acr onion.
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA-23:36
PLATYSMA MUSCLE-24 : 54
The following structures are exposed by reflecting the platysna
upward :
EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN- 54:19
POSTERIOR AURICULAR VEIN-54:21
ANTERIOR JUGULAR VEIN- 54:22
SUPERFICIAL CERVICAL LYIviPH GLANDS-56:41
LESSER OCCIPITAL NERVE-69:10
GREAT AURICULAR NERVE-69:!!
CUTANEOUS IERVE OF THE NECK-69J.14
SUPERIOR RAMI-69:15
INFERIOR RAMI-69:16
SUPRACLAVICULAR NERVES-69:17
ANTERIOR SUPRACLAVICULAR NERVES-69:18
MIDDLE SUPRACLAVICULAR NERVES-69:19
POSTERIOR SUPRACLAVICULAR i'ERVES- 69:20
CERVICAL BRANCH OF THE FACIAL NERVE-67:62
4. Cervical fascia and sternocleidomastoid muscle
CERVICAL FASCIA-24:70
The various subdivisions and certain deeper relations of
the fascia can as yet not be completely exposed. In the
region of the sternum the superficial or investing layer of
the cervical fascia divides into two layers and encloses a
suprasternal space (sometimes called the space of Burns) which
may be exposed by making a transverse incision through the
fascia immediately above the sternum and a second incision
about 2 cm. in length along the anterior border of each
sternocleidomastoid muscle, reflecting the fascial flap up-
wards and demonstrating the areolar tissue, content of the
space and the lo^er parts of the anterior jugular veins and
their anastomoses.
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID I.1USCLE-24: 55
5. Posterior triangle of the neck.
The following contents of the posterior triangle of the neck
are exposed by carefully removing the cervical fascia, noting
its relations to the omohyoid muscle and the chain of deep
cervical lymph glands along the posterior margin of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle and confining the dissection to
the triangle and its too subdivisions.
a. Occipital triangle
OCCIPITAL ARTERY-47-.22
TRANSVERSE CERVICAL ARTERY-48:67
OCCIPITAL VSIN- 54:20
TRANSVERSE CERVICAL VEINS-54:28
SUPRACLAVICULAR NERVES-69: 17-20
ACCESSORY NSRVE-68:57
MUSCULAR RAKE OF THE CERVICAL NERVES TO THE TRAPEZIUS AND LEVATOR
SCAPULAE MUSCLES.
vpp rtrRvmT T VMDI.*
HEAD AND NECK 36.
b. Supraclavicular triangle
This triangle has also been designated the subfclavius triangle.
Cf. omoclavicular trie;one-82'-38.
IHFERIOR BELLY OF THE OMOHYOID MUSCLE-34:59
PREVERTEBRAL FASCIA-24:71
The following structures are exposed by removing the prevertebral
fascia.
TRANSVERSE CERVICAL ARTERY-48:67
TRANSVERSE SCAPULAR ARTERY-48:60 Slightly inferior to the level
of the triangle, strictly speaking.
SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY-48:20 Its third part.
EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEII;-54:19
ANTERIOR JUGULAR VEIN- 54: 22
TRANSVERSE CERVICAL VEINS-54:28
TRANSVERSE SCAPULAR VEIN- 54:2 5
SUBCLAVIAN VEIN- 54:2 6 Slightly inferior to the level of the
triangle, strictly speaking.
INFERIOR DEEP CERVICAL LYMPH GLANDS- 5 6:43
c. Supraclavicular part of the brachial plexus-69:25
POSTERIOR THORACIC NERVES -69:2 6
DORSAL SCAPULAR NERVE-69:27
LONG THORACIC NERVE-69:28
ANTERIOR THORACIC NERVES-69:29
SUBCLAVIAN N3RVE-69:30
SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE-69:31
THORACODORSAL NERVE-69:33
AXILLARY NRVE-69:34
d Muscles in floor of posterior triangle
SPLENDIUS CAPITIS MUSCLS-23:24
LEVATOR SCAPULAE ItfUSCLE-23 :20
SCALENUS MEDIUS >:USCLE-24:67
SCALENUS POSTERIOR lviUSCLE-24:68
6. Anterior triangle
The following structures should be dissected with reference to
both their continuity throughout the anterior triangle as a whole
as well as their relations to its three subdivisions (the
submaxillary, carotid and muscular triangles), removing at the
same time the cervical fascia but guarding against injury to
nerves .
a. Submaxillarv or digastric triangle
The following structures may be identified with very little if
any dissection:
SUBMAXILLARY LYEPH GLANDS-56:38
SUBMAXILLARY GLAND-3l:ll
EXTERNAL MAXILLARY ARTERY-47:13
S UBMENTAL ARTERY xx -47 : 1 6
MYLOHYOID RAMUS OF THE INTERNAL MAXILLARY ARTERY xx -47:48
ANTERIOR FACIAL VEIN-53:70
LINGUAL VEIN'- 53: 6
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVS-68:60
MYLOHYOID MUS CLE -2 4 : 51
HYOGLOSSUS MUSCLE-32 :3
HEAD AND NECK 37.
By making a short vertical slit in the Jpyoglossus muscle
between the hypoglossal nerve and the tendon of the digastric
muscle the lingual artery may be exposed at a point where it
is frequently ligated.
b. Carotid triangle
COMMON CAROTID ARTERY-46: 59
In determining the relations of the carotid artery to the carotid
sheath of the cervical fascia it will be observed that throughout
the greater part of their course the structures within the carotid
sheath together with cervical part of the sympathetic nerve trunk
are strictly speaking internal to the sternocleidomastoid muscle
rather than within the carotid triangle, and that their exposure
consequently involves a lateral retraction of this muscle.
EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY-46 : 60
SUPERIOR THYREOID ARTERY-46: 61
HYOID RAMUS -46: 62
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID RAMUS-46-:63
SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL ARTERY-46: 64
LINGUAL ARTERY-47:8
EXTERNAL MAXILLARY ARTERY-47:13
STBRNOCLEIDOMASTCID ARTERY-47:21
OCCIPITAL ARTERY-47:22
ASCENDING PHARYNGEAL ARTERY-47:4
INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY-47:68
INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN- 52: 69
LINGUAL VEIN- 53: 6
(SUPERIOR THYREOID VEINS )-53: 10
COMMON FACIAL VEIN-53:69
ANTERIOR FACIAL VEIN- 53:70 '
POSTERIOR FACIAL VEIN-54:6
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE- 68: 60
DESCENDING RAMUS- 68 : 61
ANSA HYPOGLOSSI-68:62
THYREOHYOID RAMUS-68:63
ACCESSORY NERVE-68:57 Its external ramus-68:59
VAGUS NERVE-68:22
SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE-68:30
EXTERNAL RAMUS-68:31
INTERNAL RAMUS-68:32
CERVICAL PART OF THE SYMPATHETIC TRUNK- 71:34
SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION-71:35
EXTERNAL CAROTID NERVES-71:45
EXTERNAL CAROTID PLEXUS-7J:46
SUPERIOR DEEP CERVICAL LEMPH GLANDS- 56: 42
LARYNX-36:18 Identified without dissection.
PHARYNX-32:29 Identified without dissection.
GLOMUS CAROTICUM-38:30
c. Muscular triangle
STERNOHYOI D MUS CLE -2 4 : 5 6
STERNOTHREOID MUSCLE-24:60
. NERVES TO THE STERNOTHYREOID AND STERNOHYOID MUSCLES
EXTERNAL RAMUS OF THE SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE-68:31
RECURRENT NERVE -65; 3 6
The following structures are identified without dissection:
LARYKX-36:18
TRACHEA-37:41
THYREOID GLAHD-38:22
OESOPHAGUS-32:66
7. Structures in relation to the anterior median line of the neck
Note the relations of the following structures to the muscular
triangle with very little, if any, dissection:
a. Suprahyoid region
PLATYSMA MUSCLE -2 4: 54 Already exposed, 111:3.
SUPERFICIAL FSCIA-23:36
ANTERIOR AIJD POSTERIOR BELLES OF THE DIGASTRIC MUSCLES-24:48, 49,
The subraental triangle and its contents are situated between
them.
MYLOHYOID MUSCL3S-24:51 Separated by a raphe.
b, Infrahvoid region
HYOTHYKEOID HEMBEAtffl-36:34
THYREOID CARTILAG2-36:2l
CRICOTHYRSGID LIGAoENT-35:45
CRICOID CARTILAGE-36-.35
C3UCOTHYREOID IvIUSCLES-36:78
TRACHEA-37:41
ISTHMUS OF THYREOID GLAND-38:23
(PYRAMIDAL LOBE OF THYREOID- GLAND)-38-.24
INFERIOR THYREOID VEINS- 52: 52
8. Muscles of the neck: second and thrid layers
aijZGASTRIC MUSCLE-24:47
STYLOHYOID MUSCLE-24:50
OMOHYOID MUSCLE-24:57
STERNOHYOID IJUSCLE-24:56
STERNOTHYREOID MUSCLS-24:60
THYREOHYOID MUSCLE-24:61
9; Sternoclavicular articulation-19:52
Exposed by dividing the sternal and clavicular heads of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle and reflecting the muscle toward its
insertion.
STERNOCLAVICULAR LIGA&ENT-19:55
INTERCLA VICULAR LIGAMENT-1 9 : 57
COSTOCLAVICULAR LIGALffiNT-19:56
ARTICULAR GAPSULS-19:53
ARTICULAR DISC-19:54
10. Root of the neck
a. Muscles
ANTERIOR SCALENE MUSCLE-24:66
MIDDLE SCALENE MUSCLE-24:67
POSTERIOR SCALENE MUSCLE-24:68
b. Blood vessels and lymphatics
Many of the following structures have already been partly exposed
in preceding dissections and are here relisted with more especial
HEA3 AND NECK 39.
reference to their relations to the root of the neck.
SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY-48:20
VERTEBRAL ARTERY-48:21
INTERNAL MALMARY ARTERY-48:34
THYREOCERVICAL TRUNK-48:48
INFERIOR THYREOID ARTERY-49:49
ASCENDING CERVICAL ARTERY-48:55
SUPERFICIAL CERVLSIiL ARTERY-48:59
TRANSVERSE SCAPULAR ARTERY-48:60
COSTOCERVICAL TRUMK-48 : 62
HIGHEST INTERCOSTAL ARTERY-48:63
DEEP CERVICAL ARTSRY-48:66
TRANSVERSE CERVICAL ARTERY-48:67
RIGHT AND LEFT INNOMINATE VEINS- 52: 51
IHFERIOR THYREOID VEINS-52:52
INFERIOR LARYNGEAL VEIN-52:55
LOWEST THYREOID VEIN- 52: 53
UNPAIRED THYREOID PLEXUS-52:54
VERTEBRAL VEIN- 52: 63
DEEP CERVICAL VEIN 301 -52: 64
INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN- 52: 69
INFERIOR BULB OF THE JUGULAR VEIN-52:70
SUBCLAVIAN VEIN-54:26
THORACOACROMIAL VEIN-54:27
TRANSVERSE CERVICAL VEINS-54:28
THORACIC DUCT-56C25
RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT-56:24
c , Nerves
PHRENIC NERVE-69:21
VAGUS NERVE-68:22
CERVICAL SYMPATHETIC TRUHK-7l:34 Its lower part.
MIDDLE CERVICAL GANGLION- 71: 60
INFERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION-71 : 62
SUPERIOR CARDIAC NERVE-71:59
MIDDLE CARDIAC NERVE-71:61
INFERIOR CARDIAC NERVE-71:64
ANSA SUBCLAVIA-71:63
d. Remaining structures at the root of neck
Structures identified without dissection.
SUMMIT OF PLEURA-38:5
TRACHEA-37:41
OESCPHAGUS-32:66
11. Cervical plexus and viscera of the .peak
CERVICAL PLEXUS-69:9
The following organs should be left in situ for later reference:
THYROID GLAND-38:22
ISTHMUS-38:23
(PYRAMIDAL LOBE)-38:24
RIGHT AND LEFT LOBES-38:25 '
(ACCESSORY THYRSOID GLANDS)-38:28 . Also designated
parathyreoid glands.
TRACHEA-37:41
-.- . i
: ... ..
.
.
HEAD AND NECK 40.
TRACHEAL CARTILAGES -3 7: 42
MEMBRANOUS WALL-37:44
CERVICAL PART OF OESOPHAGUS-32 : 67
IV. Ba ck of the head and neck
1. Regions of the back of the head and neck
PARIETAL REGION-82:4
OCCIPITAL REGION-82:5
POSTERIOR REGION OF THE NECK-82:39
NUCHAL REGION-82:40
FOVEA NUCHAE-83:!
2- Fascia, superficial nerves and vessels
Incisions for skin reflection: a) from the external occipital
protuberance to the spine of the vertebra prominens; b) from the
spine of the vertebra prominens laterally on each side to the
medial border of the acrornion; c) from the external occipital
protuberance laterally on each side for about B era.
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA-23 :3 6
GREAT OCCIPITAL NERYE-69:6
SMALL OCCIPITAL N3RVE-69:10
OCCIPITAL VEIN- 54:20
(THIRD OCCIPITAL NERVE) -69: 7
POSTERIOR KAMI OF CERVICAL NERVES IV-VIII-69:2
POSTERIOR RALOJS OF GREAT AURICULAR NERVE-69:12
The following structures nay be exposed in the suboccipital
triangle :
FIR35T2CERVICAL NERVE-69 :1
VERTEBRAL ARTERY-48:21 Its third part.
3. Muscles in relation to the back of the neck
TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE-23:15 Its cervical part only.
LEVATOR SCAPULAE irfUSCLE-23 :20
Exposed by dividing the trapezius muscle at its origin from
the superior nuchal line and external occipital protuberance,
and cutting through the muscle about 1 cm, from the cervical
vertebral spines and reflecting the cervical part of the
muscle laterally, guarding against injury to underlying
structures .
The following structures are either internal to the levator
scapulae muscle or in relation to the superior imrgin of the
scapula.
DESCENDING RAMU5 OF THE TRANSVERSE CERVICAL ARTERY-48:69
DORSAL SCAPULAR NERVE-69 :27
INFERIOR BELLY OF OMOHYOID MUSCLE-24:59
TRANS-VERSE SCAPULAR ARTSRY-48:60
SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE- 69: 31
RHOMBOIDEUS MffiNOR MUSCLE-23 :19 Its origin only.
In demonstrating the following structures the rhomboideus minor
muscle should be detached at its origin and reflected laterally.
FASCIA NUCHSS-24:6
LIGAMENTUBI NUCHAE-18:45
SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR MUSCLE-23:22
- .
- ,
. - . .
HEAD A1ID 1ECK 41.
In demonstrating the follov/ing tv;o nuscles the serratus posterior
superior ;.:uscle snouli be detached at its origin and reflected
laterally.
6PLENIUS CAPITIS I..USCLS-23 :24
SFLEHIUS CSRVICIS i.lUSCLE-23:23
The follovn.ng muscles are exposed by dividing the attachments of
the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis muec2ss close to the
spines of the vertebrae and reflecting the muscles.
ILIOCOSTALIS CERVICIS MUSCLE-23:29
LONGISSIMUS CAPITIS MU5CLE-23:44
SPINALIS CERVICIS MUSCLE-23>:47
SPINALIS CAPITIS MUSCLE-23:48
In demonstrating the following tv/o muscles the longissimus capitis
should be detached at its origin and reflected toward its
insertion.
SEMISPINALIS CERVICIS MUSCLE-23:51
SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS MUSCLE-23:52
MULTIFIDUS MUSCLE-23:53
Exposed by detaching the semispinalis capitis muscle from the
transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae and reflecting
the muscle toward its insertion. Guard the vessels and
nerves internal to the muscle .
ROTATERSS MUSCLES-23:54
Exposed by removing the multifidus muscle.
ROTATERES LONGI MUCLES-23 :56
ROTATERSS BREVES MUSCLES-23 :57
INTERSPINALES MUSCLBS-23:58
RECTOS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR MUSCLE-23:64
RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR MUSCLE-24:!
OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR MUSCLE-24 :3
OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INFERIOR MUSCLE-24 :4
The follo\?ing structures are in relation to the suboccipital space
or triangle formed by rectus capitis posterior major and the
oblique capitis superior and inferior muscles.
SUBOCCIPITAL NERVE-69:5. Its posterior ramus .
VERTEBRAL ARTERY-48:21 Its third part only.
POSTERIOR ARCH OF ATLAS- 6: 69
4. Deeper blood vessels and nerves of the back of the neck
For the more superficial vessels and nerves see I:2c.
OCCIPITAL ARTERY-47:22
MU6CULAR RAKI X ^-47:S5
RAMS D3SCENDEK^ xx -47:26
MASTOID RAMUS xx -47: 23
AURICULAR RAMUS xx -47:24
OCCIPITAL RAMI xx -47:28
ASCENDING CERVICAL ARTERY-48:55
DEEP CERVICAL ARTERY-48:66
OCCIPITAL V3IN-54:20
1.3ASTOID EMISSARY VEIN-53:35
DEEP CERVICAL VEIN- 52: 64
POSTERIOR RAlil OF CERVICAL NERVSS-69:2
MEDIAL RAM- 69: 3
LATERAL RAM- 69: 4
HE5D AND NECK 42,
V. Face and frontal region of the head
1 Surface anatomy
GLAB3LLA-10:21
SUPRAORBITAL MARGIN OF FRONTAL BONE-10:9
INFRORBITAL MARGIN OF AXILLARY BOiE-10:74
ZYGOMATIC ARCH-12 :40
TEMPORAL FOSSA-12:39
RAMU3 OF THE iviANDIBLE-ll:72
BODY OF THE IOANDIBLE-11 : 61
FOSSA RETRCMANDIBULARIS-82:22
NOSE-4:23
DORSUM-4:24
APEX-4:25
ALA-4:26
SEPTUM-35:39
NARSS-35:37
MOUTH-4:27
SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR LIPS-4:30, 31
RIMA ORIS-4:32
AI1GLE OF THE MOUTH-30:38
NASOLABIAL SULCUS-4:28
CHESK-4:36
CHIN-4:38
HENTOLABIAL SULCUS-4:37
EYE-4:16
SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR EYELIDS-4: 17, 18, 75:12, 13
RIMA PALPEBRARUM-4:19, 75:16
MEDIAL AND LATERAL PALPEBRAL COMMISSURES-75:17, 18
ANGULUS OCULI J.ffiDIALIS AND LATERALIS-75:19, 20
BULBUS OCULI -4:20
INFRAPALPEBRAL SULCUS-4:22
SUPERCILIUIvI-4:21
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR PALPEBRAL SURFACES-75:15, 15
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR PALPEBRAL MARGINS-75:21, 22
TARSAL GLANDS-75:27 Their openings only.
SEBUM PALPEBRALE-75:28
TUNICA CONJUNCTIVE PALPEBRARUM-75:35
TUNICA CONJUNCTIVE OCULI-75:34
FORMIX CONJUNCTIVE SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR-75:36, 37
LACUS LACRI!'iALIS-75:47
CARUNCULA LACRIMALIS-7 5:33
PLICA SEIvIILUNARES CONJUNCTIVAE-75:32
PAPILLA LACRIMALIS-7 5: 50
PUNCTA LACRIMLIA-75:48
DUCTUS LACRIMALES-75:49
2. Regions of the face-82:9-St
NASAL REGION-82 :10
ORAL REGION-82 :11
SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR LABIAL REGIONS - 82 : 16. 17
MENTAL REGION-82 :14
ORBITAL REGION-82 :15
SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR PALPEBRAL REGIONS-82 :16, 17.
INFRAORBITAL REGION-82 :18
HEAD AIJD NECK 43.
INFRAORBITAL REGION-82:20
BUCCAL REGION-82:19
ZYGOMATIC REGION-82 :20
PATROTIDSOLIASSETERIC REGION-S2 :21
RETROMANDIBULAR FOSSA-82:22
3 . Fascia and parotid
Inciscions for skin reflection: a) median longitudinal from the
forehead to the tip of the chin; b) from the anterior median
line transversely at the level of the rima palpebrarum, encirc-
ling the P^S, and extending posteriorly to the ear; c) trans-
versely from the angle of the mouth to the posterior border of
the rainus of the mandible.
PAROTID GLAND-31:13
Exposed by removing the parotideomasseteric fascia.
RETROMANDIBULAR PROCESS -3 1 : 14
ACCESSORY PAROTID GLAKD-31:15
PAROTI3 DUCT-31:16
4. Superficial, nerves of the face
ANTERIOR RAWS OF THE GREAT AURICULAR NERVE** -69: 13
Branches of the facial nerve:
Exposed by carefully removing the parotid gland, a part at
a time. The exit of the facial nerve from the s^ylomastoid
foramen is exposed by cutting away (with saw and chisel) the
free projecting part of ihe mastoid process, guarding
against injury to the posterior auricular nerve.
. PAROTID PLEXUS-67:57
TEMPORAL RAMI-67:58
ZYGOMATIC RAMI-67:59
BUCCAL RAMI-67:60
MARGINAL MANDIBULAR RAMUS-67:61
DIGASTRIC RAMUS-67:54
STYLOHYOID RAMUS-67:55
Branches of the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve:
SUPRAORBITAL NERVE-66:20
FRONTAL RAMUS-66:21 Of the frontal nerve
SUPRATROCHLEAR NERVE-66:22
AliiBRieR NASAL KAMI OF THE NASOCILIARY NERVE* x -66:28
SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR PALPEBRAL RAMI OF THE INFRATROCHLEAR
NERVE x *-66:34, 35
Branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve:
ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL RAMUS OF THE ZYGOMATIC NERVE-66:41
ZYGOMATICOFACIAL RAMUS OF THE ZYGOMATIC NERVE-66:42
INFERIOR PALPEBRAL RAMI OF THE INFRA ORBITAL NERVE- 66: 52
EXTERNAL NASAL RAMI OF THE INFRAORBITAL NERVE-66:53
SUPERIOR LABIAL RAMI OF THE INFRAORBITAL NERVE- 66: 55
Branches of the mandibular division of the trigeninal nerve:
BUCCINATOR NERVE-67U3
May be identified at this stae of the dissection
through its anastomoses with the facial nerve.
AURICULOTEMPORAL NERVE-67'W?
MENTAL NERVE-67:33
HSAD AND 1ECK 44.
5. Superficial blood vessels of the face
Branches of the external carotid artery:
SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY-47 : 3 6
PAROTID RAMI-47:37
TRANSVERSE ARTERY OF FACE-47:38
ANTERIOR AURICULAR EAMI-^:39
ZYGOMATICOORBITAL ARTERY-47 :40
MIDDLE TEMPORAL ARTERY-47: 41
INTERNAL MAXILLARY ARTERY-47: 44 Its origin only.
EXTERNAL MAXILLARY ARTERY-47: 13
INFERIOR LABIAL ARTERY-47: 18
SUPERIOR LABIAL ARTERY-47: 19
ANGULAR ARTERY-47 :20
POSTERIOR FACIAL VEIN AND ITS TRIBUTARIES-54:6-9, 13, 14
ANTERIOR FACIAL VEIN AND ITS TRIBUTARIES-53:70-77, 54:1-5
6. Muscles of the face and front of head
PLATYSMA MUSCLE-24:54
FRONTALIS MUSCLE-24:9
PROCERUS MUSCLE-24:ll
ORBICULARIS OCULI MUSCLE-24:16
PARS PALPEBRALIS-24:17
PARS ORIBTALIS-24:18
PARS LACRIMALIS-24:19
NASALIS MUSCLE-24.:12
PARS TRANSVERSA-24:13
PARS ALARIS-24:14
DEPRESSOR SEPTI NASI MUSCLE-24:15
ORBICULARIS ORIS MUSCLE-24:23
QUADRATUS LABII SUPERIORIS MUSCLE-24:28
CAPUT ZYGOMATICUM-24:29
CAPUT INFRA ORBITALE-24: 30
CAPUT ANGULARE-24:31
ZYGOMATIC MUSCLE-24:27
RISORIUS MUSCLE-24:26
TRIANGULARIS MUSCLE-24:24
QUADRATUS LABII INFERIORIS MUSCLE-24:32
CANINUS MUSCLE-24:33
BUCCINATOR MUSCLE-24:34
BUCCOPHARYNGEAL FASCIA-24:43
INCISIVI LABII SUPERIORIS AND INFERIORIS MUSCLES-24:35, 36
VI. Structures in relation to the temporal and infratemporal fossag
1. Fascia, muscles and vessels
TEMPORAL FASCIA-24:45
ZYGOMATIC AND TEMPORAL RAM! OF THE FACIAL NERVE-67:59. 58
2YGOMATICOFACIAL AND ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL RAMI OF THE ZYGOMATIC
NERVE- 66: 42, 41
MIDDLE TEMPORAL ARTERY-47: 41
MASSETER MUSCLE-24:38
The following nerve and artery may be exposed as they pass through
the mandibular notch by detaching the temporal fascia from the
'
' '' ':''"
- ' ,
. i - . .
\ v
i
-
. '
HEAD AND NECK 45.
zygomatic arch, with a saw and bone forceps dividing the
zygonatic arch immediately anterior and posterior to the origin
of the masseter muscle (the anterior saw-cut being made obliquely
downward and anteriorly connecting the anterior ends of the
superior and inferior margins of the arch), and carefully
reflecting the detached segment of the zygomatic arch and masseter
muscle (the dissection may be complicated by a union of the
masseter and temporal muscles).
MASSETER NERVE- 67: 9
HASSETERIC ARTERY-47:54
TEMPORAL MUSCLE-24:39
Exposed by dividing the masseteric nerve and artery and
completing the reflection of the masseter muscle toward
its insertion.
The deeper structures of the temporal fossa are demonstrated by
removing the coronoid process of the mandible by a cut extending
from the middle of the incisur^ mandibulae downward and anterior-
ly to the junction of the ramus; with the body of the mandib?a
(making the incision partially with a saw and completing the
division with a bone forceps) , reflecting the coroniid process
and the attached temporal muscle upward (guarding at the same
time against cutting the buccinator nerve), and with the handle
of a scalpel detaching the deeper portion of the temporal muscle
at its origin,
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR DEEP TEMPORAL NERVES-67:11, 12
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR DEEP TEMPORAL ARTERIES xx -47: 56, 55
MEDIAN TEMPORAL ARTERY-47:41
ZYBOMATICOTEMPORAL BRANCH OF THE ZYGOMATIC NERVE XX -66:41
The following structures ih the infratemporal fossa are more fully
exposed by removing a segment of the ramus of the mandible. To
this end two incisions nay be made, one through the neck of the
condyloid process of the mandible and a second transversely
through the ramus of the mandible immediately superior to the
level of the mandibular foramen (locating the level of the
foramen by inserting the hand of a scalpel between the ramus and
the subjacent structures and carrying it downwards until its
progress is arrested by the vessels and nerves entering the
foramen) . In the case of both incisions the cut should be made
through the lateral table of the bone with a saw and the incision
completed with a bone forceps; the isolated segment of the
mandibular ramus is removed and the subjacent nerves, vessels
and muscles exposed.
EXTERNAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE-24:40
INTERNAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE-24:41
BUCCINATOR MUSCLE-24:34
BUCCOPHARYNGEAL FASCIA-24:43
PTERYGOMANDIBULAR RAPHE-32 : 52
INTERNAL MAXILLARY ARTRY-47:44 XX Its first and second parts
DEEP AURICULAR ARTERY*x-47:45 Its origin only.
ANTERIOR TYMPANIC ARTERY*x-47:46 Its origin only
INFERIOR ALVEOLAR ARTSRY-47:47
MYLOHYOID RAMUS -47: 48
MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY-47:50
(ACCESSORY MENIGEAL RAMUS )-47: 51
MASSETERIC ARTERY-47:54
POSTERIOR AND ANTERIOR DHEP TEMPORAL ARTERY -47:55, 56
.
HEAD AMD NECK 46,
PTERYGOID
BUCCINATOR ARTERY xx ~i7: 58
POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR ARTERY-47:59
The following tributaries of the posterior facial vein are
seldom well enough preserved to be satisfactorily demonstrated
by dissection:
ARTICULAR MANDIBULAR VEINSX X -54:10
STYLOMASTOID VEINX**54:12
PTERY30ID PLEXUS 54: 13
TRANSVERSE FACIAL VEIN* X -54:13
2. Kandibular articulation-19:35
ARTICULAR CAPSULE-19:36
TEMPORAMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT-19:38
SPHENOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT-19:39
STYLOMANDIEULAR LIGAMENT-19:40
ARTICULAR DISC-19:37
Exposed by removing the temper omandibular ligament.
3 . Nerves
The demonstration of the following nerves is completed by
disarticulating the condyloid process and reflecting it together
with the external pterygoid muscle anteriorly, guarding at the
same time against cutting the auriculotemporal nerve.
MANDIBULAR NERVE -67: 6
SPINOSUS N2RVE-67:7
MASTICATOR NERVE- 67: 8
MASSETERIC NERVE-67:8
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR DEEP TEMPORAL NERVES-67:11, 12
BUCCINATOR NERVE- 67: 13
EXTERNAL PTERYGOID NERVE- 67: 14
INTERNAL PTERYGOID NERVE-67:15
AURICULOTEMPORAL NERVE-67:16
NERVE OF THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS**^?:!?
RAMIE TO THE TYMPANIC fcEMBRANE xx -67:28
LINGUAL NERVE-67:23
INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE-67:32
MYLOHYOID NERVE-67:32
CHORDA TYMPANI-67:64
4. Mandibular canal y?.2 :3
Exposed by removing (by means of a saw, chisel and bone forceps)
the outer compact layer cf the mandible.
INFERIOR ALVEOLAR ARTERY-47:47
MYLOHYOID RAMU3-47:48
MEHTAL ARTERY-47:49
INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE-67:28
INFERIOR CENTAL PLEXUS-67:29
INFERIOR DENTAL RA!II-67:29
INFERIOR GINGIVAL RAMI-67:31
MYLOHYOID NERVE- 67: 32
MENTAL NERVE- 67: 33
MENTAL RAMI-67-.33
MENTAL RAMI-67:34
INFERIOR LABIAL RAMI-67:35
HEAD AND NECK 47.
VII. Submaxillary region
1. Superficial structures in the subnaxillary region
With the exception of the following structures the more super-
ficial structures in this region have already been listed in
connection with the submaxillary or digastric triangle, III:6a.
DISASTRIC MUSCLE -2 4 : 47-4 9
STYLOHYOID MUSCLE -2 4: 50
SUBMAXILLARY GLAND-31 :11 Its superficial part only.
2. Deeper structures in the subrraxillary region
MYLOHYOID MUSCLE-24:51
Exposed by dividing the anterior belly of the digastric
muscle near its attachment to the mandible, sawing through
the mandible slightly lateral to the median plane on each
side (so as to leave intact the attachments of the genia-
hyoid and genioglossus muscles), and everting the inferior
border of the lateral part of the mandible.
LINGUAL NERVK-67:23
Exposed by dividing the inylohyoid muscle slightly below its
origin from the fcylohyoid line of the mandible and along the
median raphe, and reflecting the muscle downward over the
hyoid bone, guarding at the same time against cutting the
mucous membrane of the mouth.
SUBLINGUAL N3RVE-xx_67:26
LINGUAL RAMI*X-67:27
HYPOGLCSSAL NERVE- 68: 60
LINGUAL RAMI- -68: 64
S UBMAXILLARY GANGLI ON- 67 : 43
COMMUNICATING RAMI WITH THE LINGUAL NERVE-67:44
SUBMAXILLARY KAMI- 67 :45
GL^'SSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE-68:8
SUBMAXILLARY GLAND-31:!! Its deep part.
SUBMAXILLARY DUCT-31:12
SUBLINGUAL GLAND-31: 8
MAJOR AND MINOR SUBLINGUAL DUCTS-3H9, 10
HYOGLOSSUS MUSCLE-32:3
STYLOGLOSSUS MUSCLE-32:5
CHONDROGLOSSUS MU5CLE 3 -32 :4
GENIOGLOSSUE MUSCLE-32:2
GENIOHYOID MUSCLE-24 : 52
LINGUAL ARTERY-47:8
Exposed by detaching the hyoglossus muscle from the hyoid
bone and reflecting it upward
DORSAL RAMI OF THE TONGUE xx -<17: 11
SUBLINGUAL ARTERYX*-47:10
DEEP ARTERY OF THE TONGUE **-47: 12
LINGUAL VEIN- 53: 6
STYLOHYOID LIGAMENT-18:54
Villa Structures in relation to the deeper regions of the neck
and base of tne cranium
is Ptic ganglion, tensor veli palatini. stylopharyngeus muscles
OPTIC GANGLI ON- 67: 3 6
Exposed by dividing the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves
HEAD AND NECK 48.
immediately inferior to their origins and carefully dis-
placing the mandibular nerve. .
Roots:
A SHORT ROOT FROM THE MANDIBULAR NERVE 3
A LONG ROOT, THE LESSER SUPERFICIAL FETROSAL NERVE**-
67:37
A SYMPATHETIC ROOT FROM THE PLEXUS OF THE MIDDLE
MENINGEAL ARTERY **
Branches of distribution:
TENSOR VELI PALATINI ^RVE>-67:38
TENSOR TYL3PANI NERVE- 67:39
Communicating rarai:
ANASTOMOTIC RAMUS WITH THE SPINOUS NERVE xx>67: 40
ANASTOMOTIC RAMUS WITH THE AURICULOTEMPORAL NERVE xx.
67:41
ANASTOKOTIC RAMUS WITH THE CHORDA TYMPANI xx -67:42
TENSOR VELI PALATINI MUSCLE-32:25
Exposed by detaching the internal pterygoid muscle from the
posterior border of the lateral lamina of the pterygoid
process-8:61
STYLOPHARYNGEUS MUSCL3-32:32
Exposed by dividing the posterior belly of the digastric
muscle near its origin and reflecting it toward its attach-
ment to the hybid bone, cutting through the external carotid
artery just inferior to its termination, dividing the
posterior auricular and occipital arteries at their origins
and displacing the extern^ carotid artery anteriorly
(guarding against injury toMihe glossopharyngeal ner^e).
2. Blood vessels
INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY-47:68
In completing its exposure the base of the styloid process
may be divided (with a bone forceps) and the styloid pro-
cess together with the attached muscles reflected downward
and anteriorly. The correlation of the structures at the
base of the cranium with the structures previously exposed
in the floor of the cranium may be facilitated by removing
the calvarium (guarding, however, against drying of the
cranial floor).
In demonstrating the superior portion of the cervical part
of the internal carotid artery, the pharyngeal rami of the
vagus nerve should first be secured and the follov/ing four
nerves identified in the interval between the internal
jugular vein, -namely, the glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory
and hyphglossal nerves.
ASCENDING PHARYNGEAL ARTERY* x -47 :4
ASCENDING PALATINE ARTERY** -47 : 14
TONSILLAR RAMUS OF THE EXTERNAL MAXILLARY ARTERY*x-47:15
INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN- 52: 69
SUPERIOR BULB OF THE JUGULAR VEIN-52:70
LINGUAL VEIN- 53; 6
(SUPERIOR THYREOID VEINS) -53:10
COMMON FACIAL VEIN- 53: 69
By slitting open the inferior part of the internal
jugular vein the valve situated near the termina-
tion of the vein nay be demonstrated.
HEAD AND NECK 49.
3 . Nerves
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE-68:8
LINGUAL RAMS? 1 -68:83 Their origin only.
TONSILLAR RAl/J**- 68:20
S TYLOPHARYNGE AL RAIviUS xx - 68 : 1 9
EHARYNGEA L KAMI x *i 68 : 1 8
S UPERI OR GAIIGLI ON- 68:9
PETROUS GANGLION-68:10
TYMPANIC NERVB-68:ll
The following nerve in the middle cranial fossa
is in relationship with the tympanic nerve:
LESSER SUPERFICIAL PETROSAL NERVE-67:37
VAGUS NERVE- 68:22
GANGLION JUGULARE-68:23
GANGLION NODOSUM-68:24
The following raini cannot be satisfactorily demonstrated in
an ordinary dissection.
MENINGEAL RAMUS xx -68:25
AURICULAR RAMUS xx -68:26
ANASTOMOTIC RAMUS WITH THE GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE xx -68:27
Review the following rami:
PHARYNGEAL RAMI- 68:2 8
SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE AND ITS RAMI-68:30-33
SUPERIOR CARDIAC RAMI- 68:34
(DEPRESSOR KERVE)-68:35
RECURRENT NERVE- 68:3 6
. ACCESSORY NERVS-68:57
INTERNAL RAMUS xx -68:58
EXTERNAL RAMUS-68:59
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE-68:60
The demonstration of its exit from the hypoglossal" canal is
facilitated by dividing the internal jugular vein 5 cm. below
the base of the skull and reflecting it upward.
The following rani have already been exposed in preceding
dissections:
RAMUS DESCENDS K5 -68: 61
ANSA HYPOGLOSSI-68:62
THYREOHYOID RAMUS- 68: 63
LINGUAL RALE- 68: 64
4. Sympathetic trunk
CERVICAL PART OF THE SYMPATHETIC TRUNK- 71: 34
SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION-71:35
JUGULAR NERVE XX -71:36
INTERNAL CAROTID NERVE *X-7I:37
INTERNAL CAROTID PLEXUS^ -71:38
EXTERNAL CAROTID NERVES -71:45
EXTERNAL CAROTID PLEXUS** -71 :46
LA.RYNGOPHARYNGEAL RAICF' -71 : 57
SUPERIOR CARDIAC NERVE-71:59 .
LJIDDLE CERVICAL GANGLION- 71: 60
INFERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION-71 : 62
The remaining rarni and plexuses of the cervical part of the
sympathetic system, are indicated in -71:47-54, 56, 58, 65-68.
RSCTUS CAPITIS 1ATERALIS MUSCLlF 1 -24:2
HEAD _VID NECK 50.
IX> Structures in relation to the cervical part of the vertebral column
and the posterior ^art of the base of th? skull
The head and neck may be divided into anterior and posterior parts
by: a) cutting the nerves and vessels of the neck at the level of
the first rib and forcibly displacing these structures together with
the oesophagus and trachea anteriorly, a^ay from the cervical
vertebrae and exposing the periosteum investing the base of the skull
between the pharynx and prevertebral muscles ; b) making a transverse
incision through this thick periosteum and exposing the pars
basilaris of tne occipital bone; c) resting the floor of the cranium
upon the end of a wooden block and with a chisel and Ballet dividing
the pars basilaris along the line of the preceding incision (direct-
ting the chisel as nearly as possible at right angles to the plane
of the bone) ; d) making two saw-cuts through the skull, one on each
side, beginning at a point 2 cm. posterior to the mastoid process
and extending obliquely anteromedially to a point immediately post-
erior to the jugular foramen; e) with a chisel completing the divi-
sion of the base of the skull by an incision on each side uniting
the end of the preceding chisel-cut (c) ?;ith the adjacent end of the
saw-cut (the incision in each case passing medial and posterior to
the jugular foramen) ; f ) dividing any remaining intervening soft
pf.rts and completing the separation of the anterior and posterior
parts of the head and neck. The hypoglossal nerve would be divided
close to the base of the irkull and superior to the ganglion nodosum
of the vagus nerve, but all ether cerebral nerves should remain
intact and be carried iway with the anterior part of the skull.
1. Muscles, nerves and blood vessels
RECTUS CAPITIS LATERALIS MUSCLE** -24:2 Previously listed in
Section X:4.
RECTUS CAPITIS ANTERIOR MUSCLE xx -24-:65
LONGUS CAPITIS MUSCLE xx -24:64
LONGUS COLL! liUSCLE xx -24:63
ANTERIOR, MIDDLE AND POSTERIOR SCALENE MUSCLES-24: 66-68 Their
attachments only.
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR INTERTRANSVERSE tOJSZ2S8 zx *33:B t 63
CERVICAL HSRVES, I-VIII-69:!
Exposed by removing the prevertebral and scalene muscles,
ANTERIOR RAMI-69:8
POSTERIOR RAMI-69:2
VERTEBRAL ARTERY-48:21
Exposed by removing the intertransverse muscles, the rectus
capitis lateralis, the obliquus capitis superior and the
obliquus capitis inferior muscles, and with a bone forceps cut-
ting avray the anterior tubercles and costal portions of the
transverse processes of the third to sixth cervical vettebral.
SERIAL RAMI** -48:22
VERTEBRAL VEIN-52:63
2. Articulations of the cervical vertebrae III-VII
INTERVERTEBRAL FIBROCARTILAGES-18:37
FIBROUS RING-18:38
NUCLEUS PULPOSUS-18:38
LIGAMENTA FLAVA-18:40
ARTICULAR CAPSULSS-18:41
. ;
'' '-
!
' : ' '
HEAD AND NECK 51.
INTERTRANSVKRSE LIGAMENTS** -18:42 Not well developed in thenaeck.
INTERSPINOUS LIGAMENTS-18:43
LIGAMENTUM NUCKAE-18:45
ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAlvIENT-18:46
POSTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMSNT-18:47
3 ^Articulations of the epistropheus. atlas and occipital bone
ATLANTOOCIPPITAL ARTICULATION-19 :1
ARTICULAR CAPSULE-19:2
ANTERIOR ATLANTOOCIPPITAL MEMBRANE -19:3
POSTERIOR ATLANTOOCIPPITAL MEMBRANE-19:4
ATLANTOEPISTROPHSAL ARTICUIATION-19: 5
ARTICULAR CAPSULE-.19:6
TECTORIAL MEMBRANE-19:!!
Demonstrated by renoving (with a bone forceps) the posterior
arches of the atlas and epistropheus, making a saw-cut on
each side of the occipital bcne extending from just posterior
to the jugular process and occipital condyle to the foramen
magnum, detaching the squanous portion of the occipital bone
and removing the exposed portion of the dura mater.
CRUCIATE LIGAMENT OF ATLAS-19:10
Exposed by detaching the tectorial membrane from the
epistropheua and reflecting it upward.
TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT OF THE ATLS-19:9
ALAR LIGAMENTS-19:?
Demonstrated by detaching the vertical part of the cruciate,
ligament at its superior attachment to the occipital bone and
reflecting it downward.
APICAL LIGAMENT OF THE DENS-19:8
4. Cervical portion of the vertebral canal and spinal cord
The contents of the cervical portion of the vertebral canal may be
Exposed by cutting away all the muscles still remaining attached to
the spinous processes and arches of the cervical vertebrae and
removing the laminae of the vertebral arches. For the meninges
and related structures, see Thorax, V:4.
CERVICAL NERVES-69:!
ANTERIOR ROOTS -68: 67
POSTERIOR ROOTS-68:68
SPINAL GANGLIA- 68: 69
ANTERIOR RAMI -68:70
POSTERIOR RAMI-68:71
SPINAL RAMI OF THE VERTEBRAL ARTERY-43:22
POSTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY-48:23
ANTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY-48:24
CERVICAL PART OF SPINA.L CORD-58:21
CERVICAL ENLARGEI',5ENT-58:22
For surface anatomy and internal structure of the Spinal cord
eee Thorax, V:5.
X. Remaining structures in the anterior part of the head and neck
See Section IX for division of the head and neck into anterior and
posterior parts.
HEAD AND NECK 52.
1. Pharyr.x-32:29. 4:43
a. Muscles and fascia of the pharynx
BUCCOPHARYNGEAL FASCIA-24:43
PTERYGOMANDIBULAR RAPHE-32:52
TUNICA MUSCULARIS OF THE FHARYNX-32 : 50
CONSTRICTOR PHARYNGEUS INFERIOR MUSCLE -3 2: 62 -64
CONSTRICTOR BHARYNGEUS MEDIUS MUSCLE-32 : 59-61
CONSTRICTOR PHARYNGEUS SUPERIOR-32 : 53-57
Exposed by dividing the pterygoideus internus muscle
transversely at its middle and reflecting the two ends
toward their origin and insertion, guarding against cut-
ting the tensor veli palatini muscle.
FASCIA PHARYNGOBASILARIS-32 :44
b... Cavity of the pharvnx-32 :30
Exposed by making the following incisions: a) longitudinally in the
middle line throughout the entire extent of the posterior wall of the
pharynx; b) from the superior extremity of the preceding incision,
transversely through the fascia pharyngobasilaris, close to the base
of the cranium and extending laterally as far as the cartilage of
the Eustacnian tube.
The following structures may be identified by inspection:
PARS NASALIS-32 :22
F.ORNIX PHARYNGIS-32 :31
PHARYHGEAL OPENING OF THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE-32:35
ANTERIOR LIP-32:36
POSTERIOR LIP-32:37
TORUS TUBARIUS-32:38
SALPINGOPHARYNGEAL FOLD-32:39
PHARYNGEAL RECESS-32:40
PHARYNGEAL TONSIL-32 :47
TONSILLAR CRYPTS-32:48
(Pharyngeal bursa)-32:41
SOFT PALATE-30:41
UVULA~32:13
PARS ORALIS-32:33
GLOSSOPALATINE ARCH-32:15
PHARYNOPALATINE ARCH-32 :1*
LATERAL GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC FOLD-37:27
MEDIAN GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC FOLD-37:26
EPIGLOTTIC VALLECULA-37:12
PARS LARYWGIS-32:34
ARYEPIGLOTTIC FOLD-37:28
OPENING INTO THE LARYNX-37:13
PERIFORM RECESS-32 :42
FOLD OF THE LARYNGEAL NERVE-37:29
Looking anteriorly from the nasal part of the pharynx the following
are visible in relation to the -oosterior part of the nasal cavity:
NASAL SEPTUM-35:39
NASOPHARYNGEAL MEATUS-35:59
INFERIOR NASAL MEATUS-35:57
MIDDLE NASAL MEATUS-35:55
INFERIOR NASAL CONCHA-35:*8
MIDDLE NASAL CONCHA-35:47
.
HEAD AND NECK 53.
2. Mouth and fauces
To facilitate the demonstration cf the following structures the
anterior part of the head and neck rray be divided into two lateral
halves by making the following incisions: a) with a knife dividing
the uvula and soft palate in the median sagittal plane; b) in a
similar manner dividing the cartilaginous part of the nose as far
as the nasal bone as nearly as possible in the mid-sagittal plane,
(before making this incision it should be ascertained whether the
nasal septum deviates to either the right or left of the mid-plane,
and if so, making the cut through the cartilage close to concave
side of the septum and thus guarding against cutting the septum
itself) ; c) with a saw cutting through the floor of the anterior
part of the skull, beginning posteriorly and sawing forward making
the cut pass through the hard palate and root of the nose just
lateral to the nasal septum and, in line with preceding incision,
through the cartilaginous part of the nose; d) with a knife dividing
the tongue and soft structure in the floor of the mouth, the pharynx,
larynx, trachea and any other remaining soft structure in the median
sagittal plane; e) completing the division of sawing through the
anterior part of the mandible in the same plane.
a. General characteristic., "_ the oral cavity
CHEEK-30:29
FAT BODY OF THE CHEEK*X-30:30
VESTIBULE OF THE MOUTH-30:31
MOUTH CAVITY PROPER-30:32
ORAL FISSURE-30:33
LIPS-30:34-36
LABIAL COMMISSURE-30:37
ANGLES OF THE MOUTH-30:38
PALATE-30:39
HARD PALATE-30:40
SOFT PALATE-30:41
RAPHE OF THE PALATE-30:42
b. Mucous membrane of the mouth-30:43
FRENULUM OF THE UPPER AND LO\VSR LIPS-30:44, 45
GUM-30-.46
SUBLINGUAL CARUNCLE-30:47
SUBLINGUAL FOLD-30:48
TRANSVERSE PALATINE FOLDS-30:49
INCISOR PAPILLA-30:50
c. Glands of the iaouth-3l:l
Only the openings of the ducts of the following glands can be
demonstrated at this stage of the dissection.
SUBLINGUAL GLAND-31:8
MAJOR AND MINOR DUCTS-31:9 f 10
SUBMAXILLARY GLAHD-31:11
SUBMAXILLARY DUCT-3l:l2
PAROTID GLAND-31M3-15
PAROTID DUCT-31.-16
The following structures are usually difficult to demonstrate in an
ordinary dissection:
LABIAL GLANDS -3 1:2
BUCCAL GLANDS-31:3
MOLAR GLA!IDS-31:4
HEAD AND NECK 54.
PALATINE GIANDS-31:5
LINGUAL GLANDS-31:6
ANTERIOR LINGUAL GLAND-31:?
d. Teeth-31:lS
SUPERIOR AMD INFERIOR DENTAL ARCHES-31 :45, 46
INCISOR TEETH-31:47
CANINE TEETH-31:48
PREMOLAR TEETH-31:49
MOLAR TEETH-31:50
DENS SEROTINUS-31:51
PERMANENT AND DECIDUOUS TEETH-3l:52, 53
e. Tone;ue-31:54
DORSUM OF THE TOKGUE-3l:55
ROOT OF THE TONGIE-31:56
BODY OF THE TONGUE -3 1:57
INFERIOR SURFACE-31:58, 59
LATERAL MARGIN-31:60
APEX-31 : 61
MUCOUS MEMBRANE-31:62
For the muscles and papillae of the tongue see X:7.
f . Fauce-s-32:10
Isthmus of the fauces-32:ll
Velum palatinum-32:12
Uvula-32:13
Palatine arches-32 :12
GLOSSOPALATINE ARCHES-32 :15
PHARYNGOPALATINE ARCHES-32 :16
5ALPIMGOPALAT1NB FOLD** -32:17
PALATINE TGHSIL-32:18
TONSILLAR CRYPTS-32:19
TONSILLAR SINUS-32:20
PLICA TRIANGULARIS-32 :2lJ
SUPRATONSILLAR FOSSA-32:22
3. Soft palate and related structures
A satisfactory dissection of the soft palate is made with difficulty
in the ordinary Jadave material; in demonstrating its structures the
soft palate should be na.de tense by means of a hook and the mucous
membrane removed from its oral and pharyngeal surfaces and from the
surface of the gloss opala tine and pharyngopalatine arches.
a. Muscles
GLOSSOPALATINE HUSCL^ :xx -32 :27
PHARYNGOPALATINE MUSCLE xx -32 :28
SALPINGGPHARYNGEUS MUSCLE 3 " -32 : 58
UVULAE MUSCLE xx_32:2 6
IBVATOR VELI PALATINE MUSCLEXX_32 :24
Exposed by removing the wall of the pharynx between the auditory
tube superiorly and the upper margin of the superior pharyngeal
constrictor muscle inferiorly.
TENSOR VELI PALATINI MUSCLE-32:25
HEAD AND NECK 5.
b. Arteries
ASCENDING PALATINE ARTERY xx -47: 14
PHARYNGEAL RAM OF THE ASCSNDIHG PHARYNGEAL ARTERY xx -47:6
DESCENDING PALATINE FROM THE INTERNAL MAXILLARY ARTERY xx -47 : 62
c. Nerves
PHARYNGEAL RAMI OF THE VAGUS NERVE xx -68:28
Component fibres of these rarai are derivatives of the
accessory nerve.
NERVE OF THE TENSOR VELI PALATINI xx -67:38
POSTERIOR PALATINE NERVE^-eViS
MIDDLE PALATINE NERVE xx -67:4
4. Auditory tube-78:ll
OSSEOUS PART OF THE AUDITORY TUBE-78:13
CARTILAGINOUS PART OF THE AUTORY TUBE- 78: 16
CARTILAGE OF THE AUDITORY TUBE-78:17
MEDIAL CARTILAGINOUS LAMINA-78:18
LATERAL CARTILAGINOUS LAMINA-70:19
IJEMBRANOUS LAMIHA-78:20
TUNICA MUCOSA-78 :21-23
. PHARYNGSAL OPENING OF THE AUDITORY TUBE-78:24
5. Nasal cavity
a. Nasal septum-35:39
CARTILAGINOUS 3EPTUM-35:40
Exposed by removing the mucous membrane from the septum.
MEMBRANOUS SEPTUM-35;41
The following structures may be demonstrated by carefully removing
the cartilage and thin bony part of the septum (a small piece at
a time), but retaining intact the mucous membrane of the opposite
side.
OLFACTORY NERVES-66:3
MEDIAL SUPERIOR POSTERIOR NASAL RAMI-66:62
NASOPALATINE NERVE-66:63
MEDIAL NASAL RAMI OF THE INTERNAL BRANCH OF THE ANTERIOR ETHMOIDAL
NERVE-66:31
POSTERIOR NASAL ARTERIES OF THE SEPTUM-47:67
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR ETHMOIDAL ARTERIES -40: 6, $
Difficult to demonstrate in ordinary material.
b. Cavity and lateral walls of the nose
NARES-35:37
CHOANAE-35:38
VESTIBULE OF THE NOSE-35:42
VIBRISSAE-79:34
LIMEN NASI-35:43
OLFACTORY SULCUS-35:44
SUPERIOR NASAL CONCHA-35:46
MIDDLE NASAL CONCHA -3 5: 47
INFERIOR NASAL CONCHA-35:48
(CONCHA SUPREMA)-35:45
MUCOUS MSMBRANE-35:49
CAVERNOUS PLEXUS OF THE CONCHA-35:50
AGGER NASI-35:51
SPHENOETHMOIDAL RECESS-35:52
MSATUSES OF THE NOSE-35:53
'
HEAD AMD NNECK 56-
SUPERIOR MEATUS-35:54
MIDDLE MEATUS-35:55
ATRIUM OF THE MIDDLE MEATUS-35:56
INFERIOR MEATUS-3S:57
COMMON MEATUS-35:5G
NASOPHARYNGEAL MEATUS-35:59
RESPIRATORY REGICN-3 5 : 60
OLFACTORY REffilOM-35:61
OLFACTORY GLANDS -3 5: 62
NASAL GLANDS-a5:71
ETHMOIDAL INFUNDIB ULUIvl-3 5:60
Exposed by forcing the middle concha upwards,
HIATUS SEMILUNARIS-3 5:70
BULLA ETHMOIDALIS-35:50
NASOLARCRIMAL, DUCT~75:54 Its inferior opening only.
ETHMOIDAL CELLS-35:67 Only their openings are exposed.
c. Paranasal simj3es-3J^;_6_3_
MAXILLARY S I NIK -3 5 : 64 ~
Its cavity is exposed by sawing upwards through the base of the
zygooatic process of the maxilla and removing its lateral wall.
SPHENOIDAL SINUS-35:65
FRONTAL SINUS-35:66
d. Nerves and vessels in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
OLFACTORY NERVES-6553
LATERAL NASAL RAMI OF THE INTERNAL BRANCH OF THE ANTERIOR
ETHMOIDAL NERVE-66:30
Branches from the sphenopalatine ganglion:
LATERAL SUPERIOR POSTERIOR NASAL RAMI-66:61
Difficult to demonstrate in an ordinary dissection.
[LATERAL) INFERIOR POSTERIOR NASAL RAMi-67:i
SPHENOPALATINE ARTERY-47:66
The descending palatine branch of the internal maxillary artery-47:
62, and the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries-40:6. 7, also
contribute small twigs to the nasal muco-periosteum.
e. Nasal cartilages-36:6
LATERAL NASAL CARTILAGE-36:9
CARTILAGE OF THE NASAL SEPTUM-36:7 See also X:5a.
GREATER ALAR CARTILAGES-36:10
LATERAL CRUS-36:12
MEDIAL CRUS-3l:12
LESSER ALAR CARTILAGES-36:13
6. Larvnx-36:lC
a. Cavity of the larynx-37:ll
The laryngeal cartilages constituting the ground plan of the larynx
are listed under subhead 6d.
APERTURE OF THE LARYNX-37:13
ARYEPIGLOTTIC FOLD-37:20
CUI'ffilKORIu TUBERCLE-36:74 '
CORNICULATE TUBERCLE-36:75
INTERARYTENOID NOTCH-37:35
MEDIAN GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC FOLD-37:26
LATERAL GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC FOLD-37:27
HEAD AND NECK 57.
EPIGLOTTIS VALLECULA-37:i2
VESTIBULE OF THE LARYNX-37:14
RIMA VESTIBULI-37:15
VENTRICULAR FOLDS-37:30
SUPERIOR APERTURE OF THE GLOTTIS-37:34
LARYNGEAL VENTRICIE:37:21
APPENDIX OF THE LARYNGEAL VENTRICLE-37:22
VODAL FOLD-37:31
MACULA FLAVA-37:32
The vocal and ventricular folds subdivide the laryngeal cavity
into three subdivisions; a superior, or the vestibule , a middle
subdivision corresponding to the ventricles, and an inferior
subdivision inferior to the level of the vocal cords,
VOCAL LIP-37:16
GLOTTIS-37;17
RIMA. GLCTTIDIS-37:10
INTERM5MBRANOUS PART-3 7:19
INTERCRTIJAGINOUS PART-37:20
INFERIOR APERTURE OF THE GLOTTIS-37:33
LARYNGEAL MUCOUS M3MBRANS-37:23
LARYNGSAL GLANDS-37:36-39
LYMPHATIC NODULES OF T LARYNX-37:40
b. Laryngeal muscles, hyothreoid and elastic membranes
Having examined the relations of the thryreoid gland, ithe following
structures are exposed by removing this organ together with the
omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyrecid, thyreohyoid and inferior
pharyngeal constrictor muscles, guarding against injury to the
internal and external rani of the superior laryngeal nerve, the
inferior laryngeal nerve, and the superior and inferior laryngeal
arteries.
HYOTHYREOID MEMBRANE-36:34
MIDDLE HYOTHYREOID LIGAMENT-36:33
LATERAL HYOTHYREOID LICAMENT-36:31
TRITICEOUS CARTILAGE-36:32
CRICOTHYREOID MUSCLE-36:70
STRAIGHT PART-3 6: 79
OBLIQUE PART-37:!
POSTERIOR CRICOARYTAENOID MUSCLE-37:2
Exposed by removing the tunica mucosa from the posterior aspect
of the cricoid and arytaenoid cartilages, retaining intact,
however, the superior and laryngeal artery and nerve.
OBLIQUE ARYTAENCID MUSCLE-37:9
ARYEPI GLOTTIC MUSCLE-3 6 : 77
TRANSVERSE ARYTAENOID MUSCLE-37:10
It is preferable to demonstrate the following muscles and the elastic
membrane in only one half of the larynx, reserving the other half
for the demonstration of nerves and vessels.
LATERAL CRICOARYTAENOID MUSCLE-37:4
Exposed by removing the cricothyreoid muscle, naking an incision
through the lamina if the thyreoid cartilage parallel to and a
little to the right of the anterior ;-iedian line, dividing the
right lateral hyothyreoid ligament, disarticulating the right
inferior cornu of the thyroeid cartilage and completing the
removal of the lamina..
THYREOARYTAENOID MUSCLS-37:C
VOCAL MUSCLE-37:6
HEAD AND NECK 50.
Exposed by carefully removing the lateral cricoarytaenoid muscle,
THYREOEPICLOTTIC MU2 CLS-3 7 : 7
VENTRICUTAR MUSCLE-37:5
Difficult to demonstrate in an ordinary dissection.
ELASTIC MEMBRANE OF THE LARYNX-37:24
Exposed by removing the vocal muscle.
ELASTIC COKE-37:25
VOCAL LI GAM3NT-3 5 : 63
(3.ESAMOID CARTILAGE ) -3 6 : 64
VENTRICULAR LIGAMENT-36:62
c . L&SVngeal nerves a.nd vessels
The folloTdng structures may be demonstrated in the remaining half
of the larynz :
INTERNAL RAMUS OF THE SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE-60:32
Its position in the piriform sinus may be determined by produc-
ing a traction on the nerve external to the hyothyreoid membrane
and demonstrating the fold of the laryngeal nerve-37:29
ANASTOMOTIC RAMUS WITH THE INFERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE-68:33
INFERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE- 68: 40
ANTERIOR RAMUS- 68: 41
POSTERIOR RAMUS- 6 '42
SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL ARTEh-46:64
INFERIOR LARYNGEAL ARTERY-48 : 50
d, iiarvngeal ca r t i lages and ligaments
EPIGLOTTIS-3~6:~67
PETIOLU5 EPIGLOTTIDIS-36:68
EPI GLOTTI C TUEERCLE-3 6:69
EPI GLOTTIC CARTILAGE-36:70
THYREOEPIGLOTTIC LIGAMENT-36:71
HYOEPIGLOTTIC LIGAMENT-3 6 : 72
THYREOID CARTILAGE -3 6: 21
RIGHT AND LEFT IAMINA-36:22
PROMINENTIA LARYNGEA-3 6:16
SUPERIOR THYREOID INCISURE-36:23
INFERIOR THYREOID INCISURE-36:24
SUPERIOR THYREOID TUBERCLE-36:25
INFERIOR THYREOID TUBERCLE-36:26
\OBLIQUE LINE)-36:27
SUPERIOR CORNU-36:28
INFERIOR CORMU-36:29
(THYREOID FORAMEN) -3 6:30
CRICOTHYRESID ARTICULATION-36:40
ARTICULAR CAPSULE-36:41
CERATOCRICOID LAGAMBNTS xx -36:42^44
CRICOID CARTILAGE-36:35
The exposure of the cricoid cartilage is completed by dividing
the ligaments connecting the thyreoid and cricoid cartilages
and removing the thyroeid cartilage.
ARCH -3 6:3 6
LAMINA-36t37
ARYTAENOID ARTICULAR SURFACE-36:38
THYRSOID ARTICULAR SURFACE-36:39
CRICOTRACIEAL LIGAMENT-36:46
CORNICULATE CARTILAGE-3 6 : 57
ARYCORNICULATE SYKCHOMDROSIS-3 6 : 58
HEAD AND NECK 59,
CORNI CULOPHARYNGEAL LI GA:.ENT xx -3 6 : 61
CRI CCPHA.RYNC3AL LI GAM3NT XX -3 6 : 60
ARYTAENOID CARTI T .AGE-36:47
AP5X-36-.54
BASE-36:49
ARTICULA R SURFACE-3 6 :48
CRISTA ARC UATA xx -3 ?. : 50
COLLICULUS x "-36:5l
FOVEA OBLONGA XX -S 6 : 52
FOVEA TRIANGULARIS xx -3 6 : 53
VOCAL PROCE3S-36:55
MUSCULAR PROCESS-36:56
CUNEIFORM CARTILAGE-36:73
CRICOARYTAENOID ARTICULATION-3 6:59
ARTICULAR CAPSULE-36:65
POSTERIOR CRICOARYTAENOID LIGAMENT**^ 6: 66
7. Tongue -31: 54
a. General chara c teris tics and surface anatomy
DORUM OF TONCfUE-31:55
ROOT OF TONGUE -31: 56
BODY OF TONGUE-31:57
INFERIOR SURFACE-31:58
FIMBRIATED FOLD-31:59
. LATERAL MRGIN-31:60
APEX OF TONGUE-31:61
MUCOUS AEMBRAKE OR TONC-UE-31 :62
FRENULUM OF TONGUE-31:63
LINGUAL PAPILLAE-31:64
FILIFORM PAPILLAE -3 1:65
. CONICAL PAPILLAE-31:66
FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE-31:67
LENTICULAR ?AFILLAE-31:68
VALLATE PAPILLAE-31:69
FOLIATE PAPILLAE-3l:70
MEDIAL SULCU3-3l:71
TERfflNAL SULCUS-31:72
FORAMEN CAECUM-3i:73
(LINGUAL DUCT) -31: 74
THYREOGLOSSAL DUCT-31 : 75
LINGUAL TONSIL-31:76
LINGUAL FOLLICLES-3l:77
b. Muscles of the tonRv.e-32:l
Preferably demonstrated in one half of the tongue only retaining
the other half for ^he demonstration of nerves and vessels.
GENIOGLOSSUS MUSCLE^33 :2
HYOGLOSSUS MUSCLE-32:3
CHONDROGLOSSUS MUSCLE-32 :4
STYLOGLOSSUS MUSCLE-32 : 5
The four preceding muscles may be characterized ae extrinsic and
the following three muscles as intrinsic muscles of the tongue:
LONGITUDINALIS SUPERIOR MUSCLE xx -32 : 6
LONGITUDINALIS INFERIOR MUSCLE xx -32 :7
TRANS VERSES LINGUAE MUSCLE xx -32 :'. ;
VARTICALIS LING'UAE MUSCLE xx -32 : 9
HEAD AND NECK 60.
SEPTUM OF TONGUE-31:78
p. Nerves and vessels of the tonpue
LINGUAL RA'JI OF THE GLOSS OPKARYNGEAL NERVE-68:21
LINGUAL NERVE- 67:2 3
SDBLINGUAL NERVE-67:26
LINGUAL KAMI- 67:2 7
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVF.-eS^O
LINGUAL KAMI- 68:64
LINGUAL ARTERY-47:8
DORSAL RAMI OF TONGUE-47:11
DEEP ARTERY OF TONGUE-47:12
8.._.._ Structures in the middle cranial fossa
Incisions for removal of the dura mater; a) having secured the cut
ends of the oculomotor, trochlear and trigeminal nerves as they
pierce the dura an incision is made through the dura just lateral to
these nerves from the anterior clinoid process to the apex of the
petrous portion of the temporal bone (the cut should be rcade no
deeper than the thickness of the dura) , and then extended from the
apex of the petrous bone backward and laterally along the superior
petrosal sinus to the ^'gnoid sulcus; b) a second incision is rrade
through the dura frfcm t<i6 clinoid process anterolaterally along the
posterior nargin of the small wing of the sphenoid bone; d) the dura
may then be reflected lateralward, carefully disengaging it from any
underlying nerves or other structures which may be Attached to it.
CAVERNOUS SINUS-53:24
SUPERIOR OPHTHALMIC VEIN- 53: 54
INFERIOR OPTHALMIC VEIN- 53: 68
SPHENOPARIETAL SINUS-53;28
TRIGEMINAL NERVE-66:11
PORTIOMAJOR-66:12 Sensory root.
PORTTO MINOR-65:14 Motor root.
SEMILUNAR GANGLION-66:13
MANDIBULAR NERVE-67:6 Origin and foramen of exit only.
An accessory meningeal artery- (47: 51) is sometimes
associated with it in its foramen of exit.
MAXILLARY NERVE-66:38 Origin and foramen of exit.
MENINGEAL RAluUS-66:39
OPHTHALM&LIC NERVE- 66:1 5
LACRIMAL NERVE-66:17 Its origin only.
NASOCILIARY NERVE- 66 :23 . Its origin only.
FRONTAL NERVE-66:19 Its origin only.
The following three nerves are listed with reference to the cavernous
sinus only:
OCULOMOTOR NBRVE-66:5
TROCKLEAR NERVE- 66: 9
ABDUCENT NERVE- 67: 46
CAVERNOUS PLEXUS OF THE SYMPATHETIC-71:39 Difficult to demonstrate,
INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY-47:58
OPHTHALMIC ARTERY-47 : 30 Its origin only.
INTERNAL CAROTID PLEXUS OF THE SYMPATHETIC-71:38 Difficult to
demonstrate in an ordinary dissection.
GREATER SUPERFICIAL PETROSAL NERVE-66:59
LESSER SUPERFICIAL PETROSAL NERVE-67:37
MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY-47:50
HEAD AND MBCK 61.
SUPERFICIAL PETROSAL RAMUS** -47 : 52
(ACCESSORY MENINGEAL RAMus)-47:5i
9. Eyelids and lacrimal apparatus
For the surface anatomy of the eye see Section V:l.
a. Evelids~75:ll
In demonstrating the following structures the palpebral part of the
orbicularis oculi muscle is removed, guarding against injury to
underlying nerves and vessels.
ORBITAL SE?TUM-75:5
S UPERIOR TARS US - 7 5 : 2 C-
INFERIOR T.\RSU3-74:24
TARSAL GLA.MD3 -75: ?. 7
LATERAL PALPS3RAL RA?HE-75:26
MEDIAL PALPEBRAL LlGAM3NT-75:25
LEVATOR PALPSBRAE SUPERIORIS MUSCLE-75:3 Its tendon of insertion
only.
For nerves and vessels of the eyelids see L:2a and V:4.
b. Lacrimal apmratus-75:41
SUPERIOR LACRIMAL GLAIL r :42
Should be identified with a minimum dissection.
Exposed by dividing the palpebral fascia at the upper and lat-
eral angle of the orbit.
INFERIOR LACRIMAL GLAND-75:43
(ASBESSORY LACRIMAL GLAND)-75:44
EXCRETORY DUCTULES-75:45
LAflRIMAL DUCT-75:49
Exposed by reflecting the medial palpebral ligament.
AMPULLA OF THE LACRIMAL DUCT-75:51
LACRIMAL SAC-75:52
FORNIX OF THE LACRIMAL SAC-75:53
NASOLACRIMAL DUCT-75:54
The following muscles are exposed by dividing the eyelids through
the middle by a sagittal section and removing the conjunctiva at
the medial angle of the eye.
TARSALIS SUPERIOR MUSCLED -7 5:2 9
TARSALIS INFERIOR MUSCLE XX -75:30
10, Structures in relation to the orbit
a. Structures in the superior part of the orbit and, fascia of the
eyqbal^
Exposed by removing (with a bone forceps, saw and chisel) the thin
roof superior wall of the orbit (12:67), the thick cranial wall
above the orbital opening (12:64), and the superior wall of the
superior orbital fissure (12:71), retaining intact, however, the
superorbital margin (12:65) of tte'-crbital opening and a ring of bone
around the optic foramen (cutting away the anterior clinoid process
will also facilitate the subsequent dissection) , dividing the
periostevjsi.ilongitudinally midway between the medial and lateral
walls of the orbit and also transversely close to the anterior
margin of the superior orbital wall, and reflecting the two
periosteal flaps laterally and medially.
HEAD AND NSCK 62.
FRONTAL NERVE-66:19
SUPRAORBITAL NERVE-66:20
FRONTAL RAMUS-66:21
SUPRATROCHLEAR NERVE-66 :22
Attention has already been directed to the peripheral
distribution of these nerves, J:2a and V:4.
CORPUS ADIPOSUM ORBITAL -75: 9
To be removed gradually during the ensuing dissection.
TROCHLEAR NERVE-66:9
LACRIMAL NERVE-66:17
LACRIMAL GLANDS-76:42-45 See also 9b.
LEVATOR PALP5BRAE SUPERIORIS MUSCLE-75:3
FASCIA OF EYEBALL-75:?
Exposed by dividing the frontal nerve and levator palpebrae
superioris muscle in the middle of the orbit and reflecting
their cut ends.
INTERFASCIAL SPACE-75:8
Its extent iray be determined by naking an opening through
fascia and introducing, the the handle of a scalpel or a
blunt forceps into the opening.
RECTUS SUPERIOR MUSCLS-74:65
OBLIQUUS SUPERIOR MUSCTE-74:71
TROCHLEA~75:1
b. Optic nerve. _ nas oc iliary nerve and ciliary ganglion
The following structures are exposed by dividing superior rectus
muscle midway between its origin and insertion, reflecting the cut
ends (noting the superior division of the oculomotor nerve subjacent
to its posterior part) , and carefully removing the orbital fat.
OPTIC NERVE- 66: 4
NASOCILIARY NERVE-66:23
LONG ROOT OF THE CILIARY GANGLION- 66:24
LONG CILIARY NERYES-66:25
POSTERIOR ETHMOIDAL NERVE- 66:2 6
ANTERIOR ETHNOIDAL NERVE-66:27
INFRATROCHLEAR NERVE-66:33-35
CILIARY GANGLION-66:63
SHORT CILIARY NERVES-66:37
c. Blood vessels of the orbit
OPHTHALMIC ARTERY-47:71
CENTRAL ARTERY OF RETINA-47:72
LACRIMAL ARTERY-47:72
MUSCULAR RAICE-47i74
CILIARY ARTERIES-47:75, 76, 48:1-4
SUPRAORBITAL ARTERY-48:5
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR ETHMOIDAL ARTERIES-48:6, 7
MEDIAL PALPEBRAL ARTERIES-48:9-ll
FRONTAL ARTERY-48:12
DORSAL ARTERY OF NOSE-48:13
SUPERIOR OPHTHALMIC VEIN- 53: 54
INFERIOR OPHTHALMIC VEIN- 53: 68
CENTRAL VEIN OF RETINA- 53 :6
Tributaries of the ophthalmic veins ard indicated in 53:55, 53:64-67
d. Retraining structures o f the orbit
RECTUS MEDIALi'S MUSCLE- 74: 67
,. .' .
HEAD AND NECK 63.
RECTUS INFERIOR MUSCLE-74:66
RECTUS FATPRALIS MUSCLE-74:68
LACERTUS OF RECTUS LATERALIS MUSCLE-74:69
COMMON TENDINOUS RING OF ZINN-74:70
Exposed by dividing the optic nerve close to the optic foramen
and turning the eyeball anteriorly.
OCULOMOTOR NBRVS-66:5
SUPERIOR RAMUS-66:6
INFERIOR RAMUS-66-.7
SHORT ROOT OF CILIARY GANGLION- 66: 8
ABDUCENS NERVE -67:46
OBLIQUUS INFERIOR MUSCLE -7 5:2
Exposed by replacing the eyeball in its normal position,
everting the lower eyelid, carefully removing the conjunctiva
in the region of the inferior fornix.
ZYGOMATIC NERVE-66:40
11. Structures in the caro tid_and infraorbital canals, and in the
jaterygopala-Sine fossa.
a. Carotid canal-9:41
The cbno,en-iis of the carotid canal may be exposed by removing (with
a bone forcepeD the inferior wall of the carotid canal, guarding
against injury to the auditsry tube.
INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY-47:6fl
CAROTICOTYMPANIC RAMUS xx -47:69
INTERNAL CAROTID NERVE OF SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM- 71 :3E
INTERNAL CAROTID PLEXUS-71:38
SEEP PETROSAL NERVE-66:60 Its origin only
b. Maxillary nerve and infraorbital canal
The structures in relation to the infraorbital canal and pterygopal-
atine fossa may be exposed by making the follordng dissections: a)
begin at the cut margin of the skull just above the external acoustic
meatus and sawing through the squamous part of the temporal bone and
great ring of the sphenoid bone in a plane passing obliquely dovn-
-.vard and fortrard to the medial end of the superior orbital fissure,
the sar-cut passing just lateral to the foramen rotundum; b) making
a second saw-cut extending from the cut margin of the cranial wall,
just above the anterior m?.rgin of the great rang of the sphenoid, doTm-
ivardinto the superior orbit?,! fissure, joining the first saw-cut;
c) detaching the r'edge of bone included beti-'een the tv-o saw-cuts and
~ith a bone forceps removing twhat remains of the great "ring of the
sphenoid bone lateral to the foranen rotundum, retaing intact, hoivever,
the bony circumference of this aperture; d) and finally v.-ith a bone
forceps (and chisel if necessary) removing the superior rail of the
infraorbital canal.
MAXILLARY HBRVE-66:40
ZYGOMATIC NERVB-66:43
SPHEHOPALATINE HERVES*66 : 45
INFRAORBITAL NERVE-66 : 46
flDDLB SUPERIOR ALVEOLAE RAMOS -66: 47
ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR RPJII-66:4S
SUPERIOR DENTIL PLEIiUS -66 : 49
This plexus also includes the posterior superior al-
veolar rami.
. .
- /
Jit .
HEAD AND NECK 64.
SUPERIOR DENTAL KAMI- 66: 50
SUPERIOR GINGIVAL RAMI-66:51
INFRAORBITAL ARTERY-47:60
ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR ARTERIES-47 : 61
c. Sphcnopalatine ganglion
The sphenopalatine ganglion nay be located by following the lateral
superior nasal rami together with the nasopalatine nerve back to the
sphenopalatine foramen, and the lateral posterior inferior rami of the
anterior palatine nerve back to the pterygopalatine canal, carefully
opening the canal and -following the palatine nerves upmrd to the
sphenopalatine ganglion which is situated in the pterygopalati'ne
fossa; the exposure of the ganglion may also be facilitated by re-
moving the orbital process of the palatine bone and a portion of
the body of the sphenoid bone.
SPHENOPALATINE GANGLION- 66: 56
NERVE OF THE PTERYGOID CANAL- 66: 58
This nerve nay be exposed by cutting away the sphenoidal
process of the palate bone and carefully opening the
pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, a dissection dif
ficult, however, to make.
GREATER SUPERFICIAL PETROSAL NERVE-66:59
DEEP PF"~OSAL NERVE- 66: 60
ORBITAL RAMI- 66: 57
LATERAL SUPERIOR POSTERIOR NASAL RAMI-66:61
MEDIAL SUPERIOR POSTERIOR NASAL RAMI-66:62
NASOPALATINE NERVE-66:63
[LATERAL} INFERIOR POSTERIOR NASAL RAMi-67:i
PALATINE NERVES-67:2
ANTERIOR PALATINE NERVE-67:3
MIDDLE PALATINE NERVE-67:4
POSTERIOR PALATINE NERVE-67:5
d- Internal maxillary artery
The following terminal branches of the internal maxillary artery are
in relation to the pterygopalatine fossa v/ith reference to u.~ir
origin only.
POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR ARTSRY-47:59
INFRAORBITAL ARTERY-47:60
DESCENDING PALATINE ARTERY-47:62
SPHENOPALATINE ARTERY-47:66
12. Auditory apparatus: external and middle ear
It will be observed that the incisions made through the skull in the
course of the preceding dissections have restulted in the isolation of a
somewhat wedge-shaped segment of the cranium including the greater part of
the temporal bone and the organ of hearing. With reference to the three
subdivisions of the organ of hearing, some of the structures relative to
the external ear have already been listed under Section 1:4, and attention
directed to the auditory tube of the middle ear. under Section X:4.
c. c. Walls of the tympanic cavity
The tympanic cavity and its several walls may be demonstrated by
removing the squamous part of the temporal bone by a horizontal saw-
cut made just above the level of the petrous part of the temporal
bone and making an opening through the tegmen tympani of the temporal
bone (9:12) just lateral to the arcuate eminence (9:13), and about
...
''.'.
'.
.
' .
HEAD AND NECK 65.
1 cm. anterior to the superior angle (9:8) of the pyramids of pars
petrosa (9:3), and exposing the tympanic antrum of the mastoid wall
of the tympanic antrum of the mastoid wall of the tympanic cavity
(77:17); this opening may then be carefully enlarged with a bone
forceps and the entire roof or tegmental wall of the tympanic cavity
removed.
TEGMENTAL WALL-76:69
EPITYMPANIC RECESS-77:!
PARS CUPULARIS-77:2
JUGULAR WALL-77:3
STYLOID PRDMINENCE-77:4
MASTOID WALL-77:16
TYMPANIC ANTRUM- 77: 17
PROMINENCE OF LATERAL SEMICIRCULAR CANAL-77:18
PROMINENCE OF FACIAL CANAL-77H9
PYRAMIDAL EMINENCE-77:20
FOSSA OF INCUS-77:21
POSTERIOR SINUS-77:22
TYMPANIC APERTURE OF CANALICULUS OF THE CHORDA-77:23
CAROTID WALL-77:26
LABYRINTHIC WALL-77:5
FENESTRA VESTIBULI-77:6, 7
PROMONTORY-77:8-.
SINUS OF TYMPANUM-77:ll
FENESTRA CBCHLAE-77:12-14
PROCESSUS COCHLEARIFORMIS-77:15
MBkSTOID CELLS-77:24
TYMPANIC CELLS-77:25
MEMBRANOUS WALL-77:27
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE-77:28
PARS FLACClDA-77:29
PARS TENSA-77:30
LIMBU5 MEMBRANAE TYMPANI-7T:31
ANTERIOR MALLSOLAR FOLD-77:32
POSTERIOR MALLEOLAR FOLD-77:33
MALLEOLAR PROMINENCE-77 :34
MALLEOLAR STRIA-77:35
UMBO MEMBRANE TYMPANI-77:36
FIBROCARTILAGINOUS RING-77 : 3 8
Structurally the tympanic membrane consists of several
tissue layers*<77:37, 77:41
MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE TYMPANIC CAVITY-78:!
b. Auditory ossicles, articulations, ligaments and muscles
STAPES-77:43
HEAD-77:44
ANTERIOR LIMB-77:45
POSTERIOR LIMB-77:46
BASE-77:47
INCUS-77:48
BODY-77 :49
LONG LIMB-77:50
LENTICULAR PROCESS-77:51
SHORT LIMB-77:52
MALLEUS-77:53
MANUBRJUM-77:54
.. .
. - : : . '
HEAD AND NECK 65.
NECK-77-.56
LATERA^ PROCESS-77:57
ANTERIOR PROCESS-77:58
ARTICULATIONS OF THE AUDITORY OSSICLES-77:59
ARTICULATION BETWEEN INCUS AND MALLEUS-77:60
ARTICULATION BETWEEN INCUS AND STAPES-77:61
SYNDESMOSIS OF STAPES AND TYMPANUM-77 : 62
LIGAMENTS OF THE AUDITORY OSSICLES-77:63
The following ligaments are difficult to expose in an ordinary
dissection:
ANTERIOR LIGAMENT OF MALLEUS-77:64
SUPERIOR LIGAMENT OF MALLEUS-77:65
LATERAL LIGAMENT OF MALLEUS-77:66
SUPERIOR LIGAMENT OF INCUS-77:67
POSTERIOR LIGAMENT OF INCUS-77:68
OBTURATOR MEMBRANE OF STAPES-77:69
ANNULAR LIGAMENT OF BASE OF STAPES-77:70
MUSCLES OF AUDITORY OSSICLES. 77: 72
TENSOR TYMPANI MUSCLE-77:73
STAPEDIUS MUSCLE-77:74
AUDITORY TUBE-78:11 See also Section X:4.
c. External acoustic meg
Its interior is exposed by removing (with a bone forceps and chisel).
the anterior wall of the extenral acoustic meatue, guarding against
injury to the tympanic membrane.
EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC PORUS-78:26
TYMPANIC INCISURE-78:27
CARTILAGINOUS EXTERNAL ACOUSTIS MEATU378:28
CARTILAGE OF ACOUSTIC MEATUS -78:2 9-31
The auricle of the external ear has been dealt with under Section 1:4,
13. Intr.i osseous course of the iacial. intermediate and acoustic nerves
The squamous portion of the temporal bone has already been removed,
X:lCa, and the upper part of the petrous part of the bone may now
be removed by a horizontal saw-cut just above the roof of the inter-
nal acoustic meatus, the cut extending laterally into the tympanum.
In relation to the nastoid wall of the tympanum attention has already
been directed to the prominence of the facial canal in which runs
the facial nerve, X:12a. This canal may now be opened with a bone
forceps and chisel, followed into the labyrinthic wall of the
tympanum, the roof of the internal acoustic meatus removed and the
facial nerve exposed through the superior part of the facial canal.
The inferior part of the facial canal may be demonstrated by remov-
ing the bone posterior and lateral to it by means of the two follow-
ing saw- cuts: a) a frontal (vertical transverse) cut in a plane just
posterior to the stylomastoid foramen; b) a sagittal (vertical
anteroposterior) cut just lateral to the stylomastoid foramen to
meet the first cut, removing the excised bone with a bone forceps
and chisel.
FACIAL NERVE-67:47
GENU OF THE FACIAL NERVE- 67: 48
GENICULATE GANGLION- 67: 49
STAPEDIUS NERVE- 67: 50
ANASTOMOSING RAMUS WITH THE TYMPANIC PLEXUS-67:51
INTERMEDIATE NERVE-67:63
:!
-
. .
HEAD AND NECK 67.
GREATER SUPERFICIAL PETROSAL NSRVE-66:69
This nerve, while transmitting sensory fibers of the
intermediate nerve, is classed systematically with the
sphenopalatine ganglion and not as a branch of the
intermediate nerve.
CHORDA TYMPANI- 67 : 64
ACOUSTIC NERVE-67:65
XI. Brain: General Characteristics.^ Meninges Blood Vessels and Cerebral
Nerves
1.. Larger subdivisions _of the brain
For the removal of the brain see II:2a. A demonstration of its
structures can best be undertaken in a specimen which has been
hardened in formalin.
The following subfiitisions of the brain may be identified by in-
spection without disturbing the meninges and blood vessels.
ENCEPHALON OR BRAIN-59:10
RHOMBENCEPHALON- 59:11
MYELENCEPHALON- 5 9 : 12
IEDUL* CBLCNGATA-59:13
METENCEPHALOiv-60 :18
PONS-60:19
CEREBELLUM- 60: 53
CEREBRUM-61:36
ME5ENCSPHALON-61 :40
PROSENCEPHALON-62 :12
DIENCEPHALON-62 :13
Cannot be favorably demonstrated in the
intact brain.
TELENCEPHALON-63 :5
Bubdivided into hemispheres- 63: 6 separated by
the longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum- 63 :8.
2. Meninges and blood vessels of the, brain
Some of the follo7/ing structures have already been listed in con-
nection with the removal of the brain 11:1.
a . Meninges485 :32
DURA MATER 0? BRAIil-65:33
FALX CEREBRI-65:34
TENTORIUM CEREBSLLI-65:35
EALX CEREBELLI-65-.36
DIAPHRAGM SLLAE-65:37
FORAJdEN DIAPHHAGMATIS- 65 : 3 8
IHCISURA TENTORII-65:39
ARACHNOID OF BRAIN- 65:45
SUBARACHNOID CAVITY-65:46
SUBARACHNOID CISTERNS- 6 5:47
The structural characteristics of the cubarachnoid cis-
terns may be demonstrated by making a median sagittal
incision through the arachnoid membrane it:t;~c region of the
anterior surface of the medulla oblongata and pons and
HEAD AND NECK 68.
carefully reflecting the txvo flaps of the arachnoid
laterally.
CISTERNA CEREBELLOMEDULLARY** -65:48
CISTERNA FOSSAE LATERALIS CEREBRI SYLVII XX -65:49
CISTERNA CHIASMATIS**-65:50
CISTERNA INTERPEDUNCULARISX*_65:51
CISTERNA VENAE MAGNAE CEREBRI 3 "- 65: 52
ARACHNCIDAL GRANULATIONS- 65: 51 See also II :l/'
PIA MATER OF THE BRAIN- 65: 54
b. Blood vessels of the brain
Demonstrated by carefully removing the arachnoid membrane with
scissors and forceps so far as this can be done without injuring or
lacerating the brain itself.
VERTEBRAL ARTERY-48:21
POSTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY **-48:2 3
ANTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY*X-48:24
POSTERIOR INFERIOR CEREBELLAR ARTERY-48:26
BASILAR ARTERY-48:27
ANTERIOR INFERIOR CERSEELLAR ARTERY-48:28
INTERNAL AUDITORY ARTERY-48:29
PONTINE RAMP^S^O
SUPERIOR CEREBET..LAR ARTSRY-48:3l
POSTERIOR CEREB^ ARTERY-48:32
ARTERIAL CIRCLE OF WILLIS-48:33
INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY-47:68
POSTERIOR COMMON! GATING ARTERY-48:15
CHORIOID AAPJF,RY XX -48:16
ANTERIOR CEREbRAL ARTERY-48:17
ANTERIOR COMMUNICATING ARTERY-48:18
MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY-48:19
VEINS 'OF THE BRAIN-53:41
For the sinuses of the dura mater see II;2c. The cerebral veins
are tributaries of these sinuses. The deeper veins cannot be
favorably demonstrated at the present stage of the dissection;
the following veins are superficial in position:
SUPERIOR CEREBRAL VEINS-53:42
MIDDLE CEREBRAL VEINS 53: 43
INFERIOR CEREBRAL VEINS-53:44
SUPERIOR CEREBELLAR VEINS- 53:45
INFERIOR CEREBELLAR VEINS-53:46
BASAL VEIN- 53: 51
3 . Base of the brain and the cerebral nefves
a. Base of the brain
Exposed by removing (with a forceps and scissors) the remaining parts
of meninges and blood vessels from the base of the brain, care being
taken to guard against the tearing away of the cerebral nerves.
CEREBRAL PEDUNCLES-61:46
OPTIC CHIASMA-62:36
OPTIC TRACT-62:33
INTERPENDUNCULAR FOSSA- 61 :42
ANTERIOR RECESS XX -61:43
POSTERIOR RECESS^-ei :44
POSTERIOR PERFORATED SUBSTANCE- 61:45
MAMILLARY BODIES-62:26
HEAD AND NECK 69,
TUBER CINEREUM-62 :28
INFUNDI8ULUM-62 :2 9
LONGITUNINAL FISSURE OF CEREBRUM-63:8
LATERAL FISSURE OF CEREBRUM- 63:16
PONS-60:19
MEDULLA OBLONGATA-59:13
b. Cerebral nerves
OLFACTORY NERVES-66:3
OPTIC NERVE- 66: 4
OCULOMOTOR NERVE- 66: 5
TROCHLEAR NERVE- 66: 9
TRIGEMINAL NERVE- 66 ;11
PORTIO lvIAJOR-66:12
PORTIO MINOR- 66: 14
ABDUCENS NERVE-67:46
FACIAL NERVZ-67:47
INTERMEDIATE NERVE- 67: 63
ACOUSTIC NERVE-67:65
VESTIBULAR ROOT- 67: 66
COCHLEAR ROOT" 67: 67
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE-68:8
VAGUS NERVE-68:22
ACCESSORY NERVE-68:5 r .
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE-68:60
XII. Brain: Surface Anatomy of the Rhombencephalon and Mesencephalon
1 Rhonbencephalon-59:ll
To facilitate the exposure of structures in the rhombencephalon and
mesencfjphalon the following incisions may be made for the removal of
the right hemisphere of the cerebrum and the right half of the
cerebellum: a) with a sharp, thin knife making a transverse incision
through the right cerebral peduncle just behind the right corpus
mamillare,. pressing apart the two cerebral hemispheres, exposing *he
corpus callosum and beginning at the corpus callosum, making a nearly
median sagittal incision through all the structures in the middle
line of the pirpsencephalon; the latter incision should preferably
pass slightly to the left of the raidline, leave the septum pellucidua
attached to the right hemisphere, and then carried posteriorly until
it meets the transverse incision just made through the cerebral
peduncle and thus attaching the right cerebral hemisphere; b) in the
came manner a second median sagittal incision is aade through the
vermis of the cerebellum, guarding against cutting into the floor of
the fourth ventricle but carrying the incision forward through the
anterior medullary velum as far as the inferior colliculi of the
mesencephalon; finally by cutting through the brachium conjunctivum,
brachium pontis and the corpus restiforme on the right, the right
half of the cerebellum is detached, (both the right cerebral hemis-
phere and the right half of the cerebellum being transferred to pre-
serving fluid for later reference.)
-
. : -..::.
HE<VD Aro NECK 70,
a. Medulla oblon{gvta-59:13
POSTERIOR MEDIAN FISSURE-. | J9:?.4
ANTERIOR MEDIAN FISSUR-59:15
FORAMEN CAECUM-59:16
PYRAM1D--59:17
DECUSSATION OF PYRAMIDS-59:18
ANTERIOR LATERAL SULCUS-59:19
POSTERIOR LATERAL SULCUS-59:20
OLIVE~59:21
RESTJFORM BODY- 59:22
FUNICULUS LATERALIS-59:23
FUNICULUS CUNEATUS-59:24
TUESRCULUM CINEREUM-59-.25
FUNICULUS 0^017,12-59:26
CLAVA-59:37
EXTERNAL ARCUATE FIBERS-59:28
b. PonsSO:19
BASILAR SULCUS-60:20
BRACHIUM PONTIS-60:33
c. Isthmus of rhombencephalon-61:25
BRACHIUM CONJUNCTIVUM-61:26
LEMNISCUS61:2
TRIGONUM LEMNISCI-61:30
ANTERIOR MEDULLARY VELUM- 61:31
FRENULUM OF ANTERIOR MEDULLARY VELUM-61:32
d. Cerebellum
GYRI OF THE CEREBELLUM- 60: 54
SULCI OF THE CEREBELLUM- 60: 55
VALLECULA CEREBELLI-60:56
INCISURA. CEREBELLI ANTERIOR- 60: 57
INCISURA CEREEELLI POSTERIOR- 60: 58
HORIZONTAL SULCUS-60:59
TRANSVERSE FISSURE XX -60:60
VERIflS-60:61
LINGULA CEREBELLI- 60: 62, 63
CENTRAL LOBE-60:6?f
MONTICULUS-60:65
DECLIVii-60:67
FOLIUM VERJ/HS-60:68
TUBER VERMIS-60:69
NODULE -60: 72
HEMISPHERE OF CEREBELLUM- 60: 73
SUPERIOR SURFACE- 60: 14
ALALLOBULI CENTRALIS-60:75
LOBULUS QUAD.RANGULARIS-60:7f
PARS ANTERIOR, 60: 7 7
PARS POSTERIOR-60:78
LOBUI.Uo 5ES3IUTJNARIS SUPERIOR-61:!
INFERIOR SURFACE-61:2
LOBUI.US SEMILUNARIS INFERIOR-61 :3
LOBULUS BIVENTER-61:4
TONSIL OF CEREBULLU M-61:5
1
HEA.D AND NECK 71.
2. Fourth ventricle -59: 58
a. Floor of the fourth ventricle
RHOMBOID FOSSA-b9:59
PARS INFERIOR ^CALAMUS SCRIPTORIUSJ-59:60
PARS INTERMEDIA- 5 9 : 62
LATERAL RECSSS-59:63
PARS SUPERIOR- 59: 64
SULCUS LIMITANS-59:65
FOVEA INFERIOR-59:66
FOVEA SUPERIOR- 60:1
21GONUM N. HYPOGLOSSI-60:2
STRIAE MEDULLARES-60:3
EMIN3NTIA MEDIALIS-60:4'
riOLLICULUS FACIALIS-60:5
ALA CINEREA-60:6
AREA ACUSTICA-60:?
LOCUS CAERULEUS-60:8
b. Roof of. the fipurth ventricle-60:9
POSTERIOR MEDULLARY VELUM- 60: 10
TAENIA VENTRICULI QUARTI-60:!!
OBEX-60:12
EPITHELIAL CHOR-^D LAYER.60:13 ^
MEDIAN APERW.E ^FORAIvlEN OF MffiNDIEJ-60:14
LATERAL AP2RTURE-60:16
FASTIGIUM-60:17
3 . Me8encephalon-61 :40
For structures relative to the inferior surface of the mesencephalon-
61:41^45, see XI:3a.
CEREBRAL PEDUNCLES -61:46
AQUAEDUCTUS CEREBRI-61:47
SULCUS LATERALIS-61:48
SULCUS N. OCULOMOTORII- 61:49
QUADRIGEMINAL BODIES-62:!
LAMINA QUADRIGEMINA-62:2
COLLICULUS SUPERIOR-62:3
COLLICULUS INFERIOR-62 :4
BRAOHIUM QUADRIGEMINUM SUPBRIUS-62 :5
BRAGHIUM QUADRIGEMINUM INFERIUS-62 :6
XIJX. Brain: Surface Anatoniv_of the Prosencephalon
11 General gjibdivisions of the prosencephalon
The remaining cerebral hemisphere may be detached by carefully cut- .
ting through the left cerebral peduncle just posterior to the left
mamillary body, the rhombencephalon and mesencephalon being trans-
ferred to preserving fluid for a later reference.
PROSENCEPHALON- 62 : 3.2
DXENCEPHALCN-62 :13
THARLAMSNCSPHALON-62 :51
PARS MAMMILLARIS HYPOTHALAL'J-62 :25
TELENCEPHALON-63 : 5
:- - - .
.
.
.
. -
' .-
HEAD AND !ECi: 72,
HEMISPHERE- 63: 6
BARS OPTICA HYPOTHALAMI-62:27
2 Telencephalon
a. Pallium; general characteristics
LONGITUDINAL FISSURE OF CEREBRUM-63 :8
TRANSVERSE FISSURE OF CEREBRUM-63 : 9
SULCI OF THE CEREBRUM-63 : 13
GYRI OF THE CEREBRUM-63 ilO
GYRI PROFUNDI~63:11
GYRI TRANSITIVI-63:12
GRAY SUBSTANCE- 58: 5
WHITE SUBSTANCE -58: 4
PETROSAL IMPRESSION-63:14
LATERAL CEREBRAL FOSSA-63:15
LATERAL CEREBRAL FISSURE SYLVIAN -63:16
POSTERIOR RAMUS-63:17
ASCENDING ANTERIOR RAMUS-63:18
HORIZONTAL ANTERIOR RAMUS-63:19
The pallium as a whole is subdivided into the following five lobes
and related fissures and sulci:
LATERAL CEREBRAL FISSURE fSYLVIAN}-63:16
CENTRAL SULCUS-63 :3C
PARIETO-OCCIPITAL FISSuffi-64:12
COLLATERAL FISSURE-63 :60
CIRCULAR SULCUS-63 :25
FRONTAL LOBE- 63: 33
TEMPORAL LOBE- 63: 50
OCCIPITAL LOBE-63:63
PARIETAL LOBE- 63: 70
INSULA-63:21
b. Lobes of the cerebrum
FRONTAL LOBE- 63: 33
FRONTAL POLE-63:34
ANTERIOR CENTRAL OfYRUS-63:31
PRECENT.TAL SULCUS-63 :35
SUPERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS-63:36
SUPERIOR FRONTAL SULCUS-63 :37
MIDDLE FRONTAL GYRUS-63:38
PARS SUPERIOR-63:39
PARS INFERIOR- 63: 40
INFERIOR FRONTAL SULCUS- 63:41
INFERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS-63:42
PARS DPERCULARIS-63:43
PARS TRIANGULARIS-63:44
PARS CRBITALIS-63:4
STRIGHT GYRUS-63:46
OLFACTORY SULCUS- 63: 47
ORBITAL GYRI- 63:48
ORBITAL SULCI-63-.49
PARIETAL LOBE- 63: 70
POSTERIOR CENTRAL GYRUS-63:32
SUPERIOR PARIETAL LOBULE-63:71
TNTERPARIETAL SULCUS- 63: 72
INFERIOR PARIETAL LOBULE- 63: 73
':
HEAD AND NECK 73.
SUPRAMARGINAL GYRUS-63:74
ANGULAR GYRUS-63:75
TEMPORAL LOBE- 63: 50
TEMPORAL POLE -63: 51
TRANSVERSE TEMPORAL SULCI-63&52
TRANSVERSE TEMPORAL GYRI-63:53
SUPERIOR TEMPORAL GYRUS-63:54
SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS-63:55
MIDDLE TEMPORAL GYRUS-63:56
MIDDLE TEMPORAL SULCUS-63:57
INFERIOR TEMPORAL GYRUS-63:58
INFERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS-63 :59
COLLATERAL FISSURE-63 .30
FUSIFORM GYRUS-63:61
LINGUAL GYRUS-63:6!|
OCCIPITAL LOBE-63:63
OCCIPITAL POLE- 63: 64
TRANSVERSE OCCIPITAL SULCUS-63: 65
SUPERIOR OCCIPITAL GYRI-63:66
SUPERIOR OCCIPITAL SULCI-63:67
LATERAL OCCIPITAL GYRI-63:68
LATERAL OCCIPITAL SULCI-63:69
INSULA-63221
OPERCULUM-63:26
PARS FRONTS. ;-63:27
PARS PARIETALIS-63:28
PARS TEMPORALIS-63:29
GYRI INS ULAE- 63:22
Exposed by pulling apart. the margins of the lateral fissure,
cutting away a part of the perculun if necessary.
GYRUS LONGUS INSULAE-63:23
GYRI BREVES INSULAE-63:24
SULCUS CENTRALIS-63:30
SULCUS CIRCULARISE 63:2 5
c. Medial surface of the__hemisphere-63:76
&ULCUS CORPORIS CALLOSI-63 :77
SULCUS CIMGULI-63:78
PARS SUBFRONTALIS-63L79
PARS MARGINALIS-64:!
SULCUS SUBPARIETALIS-64:2
FISSURA HIPPOCAMPI -64: 3
In the figsura hippocampi the fascia dentata hippocampi-64:56,
and the fimbria hippocarapi-64 : 53 , nay be observed.
GYRUS FORNICATUS-64:4
GYRUS CINGULI-64:5
ISTHMUS GYRI FORNICATI-64:6
GYRUS HIPPOCAMPI- 64: 4
UNCUS-64:8
SUBSTANTIA RETICULARIS ALBA-64:9
LOBULUS PARACENTRALIS-64:10
PRAECUNEUS-64:ll
FISSURA PARIETOOCCIPITALIS-64:12
FISSURA CALCARINA-64:13
HEAD AND NECK 74.
d. Rhinencephalon-64:58 ,
SULCUS PAROLFACTORIUS ANTERIOR- 64: 59
PARS ANTERIOR- 64: 60
LOB US OEFACTORIUS-64:61
BULBUS 02FACTORIUS-64:62
TRACTUS OLFACTORIU3-64:63
TRIGONUM GLFACTORJKJM-64:64
STRIA ME DIALI 5-64:65
STRIA INTERMEDIA-64:66
AREA PAROLFACTORIA-64:67
SULCUS PAROLFACTORIUS POSTERIOR- 64: 68
PARS POSTERIOR-64:69
GYRUS SUBCALLOSUS-64:70
SUBSTANTIA PERFORATA ANTERIOR- 64: 71
STRIA OLFACTORIA LATERALIS-64:72
LIMEN INSULAE-64:73
e . Hvpothalamus-62 :24
PARS OPTICA HYEOTHALAMI- 62:27
Only the optic part of the hypothalamus is in relation to the
telencephalon; the raamillary part-62:25, includes the corpus
mamillare-62 :26.
TUBER CINEREUM-62:28
INFUNDIBULUM-62 "9
HYPOPHYSIS-62:30
LOBUS ANTERIOR- 62: 31
LOB US POSTERIOR- 62: 32
TRACTUS OPTICUS-62:33
RADIX MEDIALIS-62:34
RADIX LATERALIS- 62:35
CHIASMA OPTICUM- 62:36
LAMINA TERMINALIS-62:37
_f_._Corp_us_allosum-64 : 15_
The corpus callosum nay be demonstrated by slicing off the upper part
of the right hemisphere at the level of the sulcus cinguli (incident-
ally exposing the centrum eemiovale-64:76) , cutting transversely
through the middle of the gyrus cinguli and carefully tearing aisay
the anterior and posterior parts of the gyrus cinguli, exposing at
the same time parts of the radiatio corporis callosi-65:6-ll, and
the cingulum-65:2.
SPLENIUM CORPORIS CALLOSI-64:16
TRUNCUS CORPORIS CALLOSI-64:17
GENU CORPORIS CALLOSI-64:18
ROSTRUM CROPORIS CALLOSI-64:19
LAMINA ROSTRALIS-64:20
STRIAE TRANS VERSAE- 64:21
STRIA LONGITUDINALIS MEDIALIS-64:22
STRIA LONGITUDINALIS LATERALIS- 64:23
FASCIOLA CINEREA-64:24
R. Ventriculus lateralis-64:35
The lateral ventricle may be exposed by making the following dissec-
tions: a) making a longitudinal incision through the corpus callosum
about 1 cm. from the medial sagittal plane, reflect lateralward and
detach the part of the corpus callosum lateral to the incision, tak-
ing care to leave in situ the part of the corpus callosum medial to
.
HEAD AND NECK 75.
the incision and the- pars occipitalia of the radiatio corporis
callosi-65:10; b) cutting backward and lateralward through the
medullary substance forming the roof of the ventricular cavity, remove
enough of the roof to expose the interior of the central part of the
cavity; c) to open the inferior cornu extend the preceding incision
downward and forward through the lateral part of the temporal lobe
towards the temporal pole, following the course of the cavity (which
lies nearly parallel to the superior temporal sulcus) , and remove the
part of the temporal lobe superior to this incision together with the
pars temporalis of the operculum-63 :36, but guarding the insula from
injury.
CORNU ANTERIUS-64:37
CAPUT NUCLEI CAUDATI- 64:42
PARS CENTRALIS-64:36
NUCLEUS CAUDATUS-64:41
STRIA TERMINALIS-64:44
TERMINAL VEIN- 53: 50
LAMINA AFFICA- 64:45
LAMINA CHORIOIDEA EPTTHELIALIS-64:47
PLEXUS CHORIOIDEUS VENTRICULI LATERALIS-65:62
TAENIA CHORIOIDEA. 64: 64
THALAMUS-62:52 Largely covered by the fcborioid plexus.
TAENIA FORNICIS-64:28
CORNU POSTERIUS-64:3R
TAPETUM-65:11 1th reference only to the roof and lateral
wall of the posterior cornu.
CALCAR AVIS- 64:48
(BULBUS CORNU POSTERIORIS) -64:49
CORNU INFERIUS-64:39
The mutual relations of the inferior cornu and the insula may be
more thoroughly examined by insinuating the fingers beneath the
pars frontalis and pars parietalis of the operculun-63:27, 28,
and carefully tearing away the cortex in an upward direction,
The following two structures are in relation to the inferior
wall:
E1HNENTIA COLLATERALS- 64-50 Sometimes absent.
TRIGONUM COLLATERALE-64:51
The following structures are in relation to the lateral and
superior walls of the inferior cornu:
TAPETUM-65H1
NUCLEUS AMYGDALAE-65:21
STRIA TERMINALIS-64:44
CAUDA NUCLEI CAUDATI-64:43
In relation to the medial wall the following structures may be
observed:
HIPPOCAMPUS-64:52
DIGITATIONES HIPPOCAMPI-64:55
KIMBRIA HIPPOCAMPI-64:53
CHORIOID PLSXUS-65:62
TAENIA FIMBRIAE-64:54
h. Sgptua ellucidum fornix
The septum pellucidum and fornix are exposed by cutting through the
occipital part of the radiation of the corpus callosum (of the right
hemisphere) and through the fimbria hippocampi at the point where it
passes into the crus fornicis, then carrying the knife anteriorly from
the anterior end of the inferior horn, above the level of the uncus,
.
;
HEAD AND NECK 76.
through the temporal pole, separating the temporal lobe, together
witn the hippocampal gyrus medial to it, from the remainder of the
brain along the line of the transverse fissure of the cerebrum;
finally paring away enough of the cut edge of the medial part of the
corpus callosum necessary to satisfactorily demonstrate the septum
pellucidum and fornix.
SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM- 64:32
LAMINA SEPTI PELLUCIDI- 64:33
CAVUIvi SEPTI PELLUCIDI-64-.34
Exposed by cutting through the remaining medial part of
the corpus callosum just posterior to the genu, carefully
detaching it from the septum pellucidum and fornix and
separating the two laminae of the sejitum.
FORNIX- 64:2 5
CRUS FORNICIS-64:26
CORPUS FORNICIS-64:27
TAENIA FORNICIS- 64:28
COLUMNA FORNICIS-64:29
PARS LIBERA CCLlEiNAE FORIJICIS-64:30
PARS TSCTA COLUUNAE FORNICIS- 64: 31
TELA CHORIOIDEA YSKTRICULI TERTII-65:60
Exposed by cutting transversely through the middle of the corpus
fornicix, carefully raising the two parts of the fornix and
reflecting them anteriorly and posteriorly, noting the
conmissura hip^, jnpi-64:57, situated between the crura of
the fornix.
INTERNAL CEREBRAL VEINS-53 :47
VEIN OF SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM-53 :49
TERMINAL VEIN-53:50
CHORIOID VEIN-53:52
ELEXUS CHORIOIDEUS VENTRICULI LATERALIS-65:62
GLOMUS CHORIOinEUM-65:63
PLEXUS CHORIOIDEUS VENTRICULI TERTII-65:61
Exposed by dividing the terminal vein at its junction with
the internal cerebral vein, seizing the apex of the tela
chorioidea and pulling it backwards exposing the cavity
of the third ventricle, but guarding against injury to the
attachments of the corpus pineale-62:62
2. Thalamencephalon-62:51
a. _Thalamus-62:52
PULVINAR-62 : 53
TUBERCULUM ANTERIUS THALAMI-62 :54
TAENIA THALAMI-62 :55
STRIA MEDULLARIS-62:56
LAMINA CKORIOIDEA EPITHSLIALIS-62:57
b,. Metathalarnus-62 : 58
CORPUS GENICULATUM MEDIALE-62:59
CORPUS GENICULATU1! LATERALE-62 :60
c. Epithalamus-62 :61
CORPUS PINEALE-62:62
RECESSUS PINEALIS-62:63
RECESSUS SUPRAPINEALIS- 62 : 64
HABENULA-62:65
.
HEAD AIH) NECK 77
C OMMISS URA HABENULARUM- 62 : 6 6
TRIGONUM HAEE'NULAE-62 : 67
3. Ventriculus tertius-82 ;14
ADTTUS AD AQUAEDUCTUM CEREBRI-62 :15
COMMISSURA POSTRIOR-62:16
FORAMEN V3NTRICULARE-62:17
SULCUS HYPOTHALAMIC US -62:18
MASSA INTSRMEDIA-62:19
RECESSUS OPTICUS-62:20
RECESSUS INFUNniBULI- 62:21
COLMISSURA ANTERIOR- 62:22
RECESSUS TRIANGULARIS- 62:23
XIV. j^i^ Sections through the Brain.
The majority of the structures to bo observed in stained and unstain-
ed sections of the brain require a hand lens or microscope for their
demonstration. These structures have not been repeated in detail
here since they are given complete in part II, as originally listed
in the SNA.
1. Structures in section of ' * medulla oblongata-59:29-57
Exposed in transverse sections made at (a) the level of the decus-
sation of the pyramids; (b) between the decussation of the pyramids
and the olives; and (c) through the middle of the olives.
2. Structures in sections of the pons-62 :24- 52
Demonstrated in transverse sections made at (a) about the junction
of the pens and medulla, passing through point of entrance of the
acoustic nerve; (b) at the level of the roots of the facial and
abducens nerves; (-3) at the level of the roots of the trigeminal
nerves, and (d) through the anterior medullary velusi and the middle
of the pons.
3. Structure? in sections of the cerebellun-6l:10-24
Demon
Demonstrated in the following sections: a) a median sagittal section
through the vernis ; r) a frontal section through about the middle of
one half the cerebellum; and c) a horizontal section through the
other half of the cerebellum in the plane of the brachiuia
conjunctivum.
f
4 Structures in sections of the rh oabe tree phalic isthmus and the ""
nesencephalon.
Demonstrated in transverse sections made (a) through the inferior
colliculus at the level of the nucleus of the trochlear nerve; and
(b) through che superior colliculus and lateral geniculate body at
the level of the roots of the oculomotor nerve and the nucleus ruber.
a. Sections of the isthmus rhombencephali-61:33-35
b. Sections of the nedunculus cerebri-61: 50-65
HEAD AND HECK 78.
c. In sections of the corpora qusdrigemina-6_3.s.7_rll.
5. Structures in sections through the prosencephalon
For the demonstration of these structures, horizontal sections
about \ to 1 cm. thick should be made through the remainder of the
right cerebral hemisphere. In the left hemisphere, which should
have been retained intcxct, either vertical frontal or obliquely
frontal sections may be made.
The vertical frontal sections should pass through the following
rjgions: a) through the genu of the corpus callosum; b) through the
septum pellucidum between the body and rostrum of the corpus
callosum; c) through the tips of the temporal lobes; d) through the
foramen interventriculare; e) through the corpora mamillaria; f)
through the subtha.lamic region; g) through the upper end of the
aquaeductus cerebri.
The bbliquely frontal sections should all be parallel to the sulcus
centralis and pass through the following regions (in accordance with
the method of P-itris, 1877): a) through the lobus frontalis about
5 cm. anterior to the sulcus centralis; b) through the pars
opercularis of the gyrus frontalis inferior and the corresponding
portions of the gyrus raedius and gyrus frontalis superior; c)
through the middle of the gyrus centralis anterior; d) through the
middle of the gyrus centralis posterior; e) through the anterior
ende of the lobulus -ietalis superior and lobulus parietalis
inferior; f) through tne posterior part of the cerebrum about 1 cm.
anterior to the fissura parietooccipitalis.
In addition to the preceding horizontal and frontal sections, the
following sections are especially instructive: a) through the brain
in a plane passing parallel to the course of the brachia conjunctive
and through them; and b) through the brain in a plane parallel to
the course of the cerebral peduncles and through them.
a. Sections of the hypothalanure-63 :38~50
b. Sections of the thalamencephalon~62 : 68-73. 63:1-4
c. Sections of the telencephalon-64:75-77. 65:1-31
XV. Organ of Vision.
1. Optic nerve-73:4 See also X:10b.
VAGINAE N. OPTICI-73:5
SPATIA INTERVAGINALIS-73:6
_g_. Bulbus oculi-73:7
As a rule, the ordinary cadaver material is not favorable for the
present purpose and must consequently be supplemented by eyeballs
obtained from the ox or pig, in which the various structures may be
demonstrated in both fresh specimens and in material hardened in
formalin. The conjunctiva and fascia bulbi are caught with a
forceps, cut through close to and entirely around the cornea ana
these structures together with any other soft parts removed from the
surface of the sclera, and two hardened eyeballs cut into halves,
the Onf bv a sacittal and the othe>r hv ft rnrnnnl Rnn+.-inn
HEAD AND 'NECK 79.
ANTERIOR POLE-73:8
POSTERIOR POLE-73:9
EQU&TOR-73:10
MERIDIANS-73:ll
EXTERNAL AXIS OF EYEBALL-73 :12
INTERNAL AXIS OF EYEBALL- 73 : 13
ePTIC AXIS-73:14
(tlNE OF VISIONJ -73: 15
Ophthalmic vesicle* -73 :16
Ophthalmic cuj-73:!7
3. Tunica fibrosa oculi-73 :18
a . Sclera-73 :19
Exposed by cutting through the solera at the equator \vith a sharp
knife and with a scissors carrying the incision completely around
the eyeball along the line of the equator (carefully guarding against
injury to the black chorioid coat) ; separating both parts of the
sclera from the subjacent structures and reflecting the anterior
part forwards, breaking the attachment of the ciliary muscle to its
deep surface, and the separating of the posterior part by dividing
the fibers of the optic nerve in a plane corresponding to the inner
surface of the sclera.
SULCUS SCLERAE-73:20
RIMA CORNEALIS-73 :21
SINUS VENOSUS SCLERAE-73 :22
LAMINA FUSCA-73:23
LAMINA CRIBROSA SCLERAE-73 :24
(RAPHE SCLERAE)-73:25
(FUNICULUS SCLERAE)-73:26
b. Cornea-73:27
ANNULUS CONJUNCTIVAE-73 :28
VERTEX CORNEAE-73:39
LBffiUS CORNEAE-73:30
FACIES ANTERIOR-73 :31
FACIES POSTERIOR-T?3:32
The following structures can only be adequately demonstrated in thin
sections by means of a hand lens and microscope.
EPITHELIUM CORNEAE-73 :? >
LAMINA ELASTICA ANTERIOR-73 :34
SUBSTANTIA PROPRIA-73 :35
LAMINA ELASTICA POSTERIOR- 73 :36
ENDOTHELIUM CAMERAS ANTERIORIS-73:37
4. Tunica vasculosa oculi-73 :38
a. Chorioidea-73:3^
LAMINA SUPRACHORIOIDEA-73 :40
SPATIUM PERICHORIOIDEALE-73:41
LAMINA VASCULOSA-73:42
The vorticose vei .he-53:60, are exposed by brushing a\vay the
pigmeatwith a camel's hair brush.
LAMINA CHORIOCAPILLARIS-73 :43
LAMINA BASALIS-73:44
(RAPHS CHORIOIDEAE)-73:45
HEAD AND NECK 80.
b. Corpus ciliare-73 ;46
CORONA CILIARIS-73 : 47
Demonstrated by making a coronal section through an eyeball
slightly anterior to the equator and carefully removing the
vitreous humor from the anterior segment of the eyeball.
PROCESSUS CILIARES-73 :48
PLICAE CILIARES-73 :49
ORBICULARIS CILIARIS-73: 50
CILIARY MUSCLE-73:51
The following fibers require a microscope for their
adequate demonstration:
FIBRAE MEEIDIONALES-73:52
FIBRAE CIRCULARES-73:53
PLEXUS GANGLIOSUS CILIARIS-73 : 54
.i -Iris -73^5 5..
Exposed by cutting around the sclerocorneal junction and removing
the cornea, making several meridional incisions through the anterior
part of the sclera; the strips of sclera may then be separated from
the ciliary muscle, bent aside and pinned to the bottom of a cork-
lined tray filled with water, the iris examined and then removed for
a more complete demonstration of its structure.
MARGO PUPILLARIS-73:56
MARGO CILIARIS-73: 57
FACIES ANTERIOR- 73: 58
FACIES POSTERIOR- 74:1
ANNULUS IRIDIS MAJOR-74:2
ANNULUS IRIDIS MINOR- 74:3
PITCaB i?II6-74:4
PUPILLA-74:5
SPHINCTER MUSCLE OF PUPIL-74:6
STROMA IRIDIS-74:7
DILATOR MUSCLE OF PUPIL- 74: 8
PECTINATE LIGAMENT OF IRIS-74:9
SPATIA ANGULI IRIDIS-74:10
GREATER ARTERIAL CIRCLE-74:11
LESSER ARTERIAL CIRCLE-74:12
(MEMBRANA PUPILLARIS) X -74:13
d. 8iliary nerves and vessels
SHORT CILIARY NERVES- 66:3 7
LONG CILIARY NERVES-66:25
SHORT POSTERIOR CILIARY ARTERIES -47: 75
LONG POSTERIOR CILIARY ARTERIES-47:76
ANTERIOR CILIARY ARTERIES-48:!
VENAE VORTICOSAE-53:60
5. Pigment layer-74:14
Exposed by removing the chorioidea under water.
STRATUM PIGMENTI RETINAE-74:15
STRATUM PIGMENTI CORPORIS CILIARIS-74:16
STRATUM PGIMENTI IRIDIS-74:17
6. Retina-74:18
Exposed by removing the chorioidea from eyegall from whiib the
HEAD AND NECK 81.
sclera and cornea have already been taken away.
PARS OPTICA RETINAE-74--19
ORA SERRATA-74 :20
PARS CILIAHIS RETINAE-74:21
PAPILLA N. OPTICI-74--22
EXCA VATIC PAPILLAE N. OPTICI-74:23
MACULA LUTEA- 74:24
FOVEA CENTRALIS-74-.25
VASA SANGUINSA RETINAE-74:26-34
May be examined in the living eye with the ophthalmoscope.
7. Vitreous body-y74:38
Obtained from an eyeball which has been kept for several days without
preservatives, by dividing the coats of the eye at the equator, care-
fully turning back the cut edges and allowing the "eye-kernel"
(vitreous body and crystalline lens) to slip out into a vessel of
water; the demonstration of the hyaloid membrane, capsule of the lens,
and the zonula ciliaris may also be facilitated by staining for a
few minutes in strong picrocannin solution and washing in water.
HYALOID ARTERY x -74:39
CANALIS HYALOIDEA-74:40
FOSSA HYALOIDEA-74:41
MEMBRANA HYALOIDEA-74:42
STROMA VITREUM- 74:43
HUMOR VTTREUS-74:44
8. Zonula ciliaris-74:59
FIBRAE ZONULARES-74:60
SPATIA ZONULARIA-74:61
Their structural characteristics may be demonstrated by in-
serting the point of a fine blow-pipe into the spaces and
inflating them with air.
9. Crystalline lens-74:45
Isolated for observation by cutting through the zonular libers of
the zonula ciliaris and removing the lens.
CAPSULA LENTIS-74:51
POLUS ANTERIOR LENTIS.-Z4:52
POLL'S POSTERIOR LENTIS-74:53
FACIES ANTERIOR LENTIS-74:54
FACIES POSTERIOR LENTIS-74:55
AXIS LENTIS-74:56
AEQUATOR LENTIS-74:5*
RADII LENTIS-75:58
SUBSTANTIA LENTIS-74:46
Exposed by cutting through the anterior wall of the capsule and
pressing the lens out through the opening,
SUBSTANTIA CORTICALIS-74:47
NUCLEUS LENTIS-74:48
With the aid of a microscope the following structures may be dem-
onstrated in a lens which has been hardened in alcohol and teased
apart.
FIBRAE LENTIS-74:49
EPITHELIUM LENTIS-74:50
10 > Chambers of the eyeball
CAMERA OCULI ANTERIOR- 74:3 5
ANGULUS IRIDIS-74:36
CAMERA OCULI POSTERIOR-74:37
ABDOMEN AND PELVIS
82,
ABDOMEN AND PELVIS
I .General Characteristics
1. Subdivisions of abdomen and pelvis
ABDOMEN-4:55
ABDOMINAL CAVITY-4:56
SCROBICULUS CORDIS-4:57
UMBILICUS -4: 58
FLANK-4:59
LOIN-4:60
GROIN-4:61
PELVIS-5:!
PELVIC CAVITY-5:2
MONS PUBIS-5:3
HIP-5:4
BUTTOCK-5:5
ANUS-5:6
ANAL CLEFT-5:?
FERINE UM-5: 8
2. Surface anatomy
XIPHOID PROCESS-7:52
RIES-7:28 Anterior ends of 7th to 12th ribs.
ILIAC CREST-15:18
POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE-15:24
CRISTA SACRALIS MEDIA-7:18
ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE-15:22
INGUINAL LIGAMENT-25:41
SUPERIOR RAMUS OF THE PUBIC BONE-15:50
SYMPHYSIS PUBIS-15:53
PUBIC TUBERCLE-15:44
LINEA ALBA-25:34
LINEA SEMILUNARIS.25:49
SUBCUTANEOUS INGUINAL RING-25:44
SPERMATIC CORD-40:37
ROUND LIGAMENT OF THE UTERUS-42:23 In the female,
TUBER ISCHIADICUM-15:36
INFERIOR RAMUS OF THE ISCHIUM-15:35
3. Regions
EPIGASTRIC REGION-83:15
HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION-83:16
MESOGASTRIC REGION-83:17
UMBILICAL REGION-83:18
LATERAL ABDOMINAL REGION-83:19
HYPOGASTRIC REGION-83 :20
PUBIC REGION-83:21
INGUINAL REGION-83:22
Regions of the back in relation to the pelvis:
PERINEAL REGION-83:33
ANAL REGION-83:34
UROGENITAL REGION-83:35
PUDENDAL REGION-83:36
- ; -.- '
- . .
; -
1
: ......
- ' ' -
... ' ...." ?:' " . ' ' "
.. ', .,,..;
'.
" '
-
' ' : ;i
ABDOwEN AND PELVIS 83
II. Perireal repion
1. Surface anatomy
a. Perineal region jr. general
SYiviPHYSIS PUB1S-15:53
ARCUATE LIGAMENT-20:61
COCCYX-7:25
INFERIOR RAMUS OF THE PUBIS-15:49
INFERIOR RAMUS OF THE ISCHIUM-15:35
SACROTUBERCUS LIGAMENT-2 0: 49
PERINEAL RAPHE-43:18
b. Pudenda! region in the male
CORPUS PE KIS -40:63-
DORSUM OF PENIS-40:70
URETHRAL SURFACE-40:71
GUNS PENIS-40:72
CORONA GLANDIS -40:73
SEPTUM GLANDIS -40:74
COLLUM GLAKDIS -40:75
PREPUCE-41 :1
FRENULUk OF PREPUCE-41: 2
EXTERNAL URETHRAL ORIFICE-4l:23
SCROTUk-4l:31
RAPHE OF SCROTUi*-4l:32
c^ Puderdal region in the female
kONS PUBIS-5:s
FEMALE PUDENDUM-42:45
LABIUJU taAJUS PUDENDAE-42546
ANTERIOR LABIAL COMMISSURE-42 :47
POSTERIOR LABIAL COMMISSURE-42: 48
FREMJLUM OF PUDENDAL LABIA-42:49
RIMA PUDBNDI-42 : 50
FOSSA KAVICULARIS-42:51
LABIUM MINUS PUDENDI-42 : 52
VESTIBULUM VAGINAE-42 : 53
ORIFICIUM VAGINAE-42 : 57
CLITORIS-42C59
CORPUS CLITORIS-42:6l
GLANS CLITORIS-42:62
FRENULUM OF CLITORIS-42 : 63
PREPUCE OF CLITORIS-42 : 64
EXTERNAL ORIFICE OF URSTHRA-42:71
HYMEN-42:29
HYlviEN CARUNCLES-42:30
2. Urogenital region: Structures external to the urogenital diaphrappi
a. In the male
Skin incisions (The body being in the lighotomy position): a) trans-
versely between the anterior extremities of the ischial tuberosities ;
bj median along the median raphe from the sacrum to the tip of the
coccyx, encircling the anus.
SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL FASCIA-43:45
The following structures in the compartment between the superficial
nnH thp uroerpnital diaohraem are exposed by makine
ABDOMEN AND PELVIS
an Incision through the deeper layer of the superficial perineal
fascia, beginning in the median line at the base of the scrotum and
expending to the ischial tuberosity on each side, and reflecting the
fascial flaps.
SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEAL MUSCLE-43:42
ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS MUSCLE-43:43
BULBOCAVERNOSUS MUSCLE-43:44
PERINEAL ARTERY-51:19
POSTERIOR SCROTAL ARTERIES-51:20
PERINEAL NERVE-7H21
POSTERIOR SCROTAL NERVES-71:22
PERINEAL RAMI OF THE POSTERIOR FEMORAL CUTANEOUS NERVE~70:53
LYMPHATIC VESSELS
ROOT OF PENIS-40:67
CRURA OF PENIS-40:69
CORPORA CAVERNOSA PENIS-41:4
The following structures are exposed by dividing the bulbocavernosus
muscle in the midline and reflecting the muscle.
CORPUS CAVERNOSUM URETHRAE-41 : 5
BULBUS URETHRAE-41: 6
HEMISPHERES OF BULB OF URETHRA-41;7
SEPTUM OF BULB OF URETHRA-41 : 8
b. In the female
Skin incisions (The body being in the lithotomy position) : a) trans-
versely between the ischial tuberosities; b) along the median line
extending from the mons pubis to the tip of the coccyx, encircling
the labia majora and the anal orifice,
SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL FASCIA-43:45
PERINEAL ARTERY-51:19
POSTERIOR LABIAL ARTERIES- 51:21
PERINEAL NERVE-71:21
POSTERIOR LABIAL NERVES-71:23
PERINEAL RAMI OF THE POSTERIOR FEMORAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-70:53
LYMPHATIC VESSELS
SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEAL MUSCLE-43:42 Not contant in
degree of development.
ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS MUSCLE-43:43
BULBOCAVERNOSUS MUSCLE-43:44
The following structures are exposed by reflecting tbs bulbo-
cavernosus and ischiocavernosus muscles.
BULBUS VESTIBULI-42 : 54
- ; 3LANDULA VESTIBULARIS MAJOR-42:58
CRURA CLITORIDIB-42:60
CORPUS CLITORIDIS-42:61
CORPORA CAVERNOSA CLITORIDIS-42 :66
SEPTUM CORPORUM CAVERNOSORUM-42 :67
FASCIA CLITORIDIS-42: 68
GLANS CLITCRIDIS-42:62
3. Urogenital diaphragm
a. Inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm-43:37
Exposed by detaching the ischiocavernosus muscle and the crus
penis (the crus clitoridis in the case of the female) from the
pubic arch on each side; guarding against injury to the
inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, branches of the
'
'
-
I
ABDOMEN AND PELVIS 85..
internal pudendal artery and the dorsal nerve of the penis (or
the clitoris in the female).
The inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm is removed in expos-
ing the following structures situated in the compartment between the
inferior and the superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm,
b. Structurss in the Uro genital diaphragm in the male
TRANSVERSE PERINEI PROFUNDUS MUSCLE-43:34
SPHINCTER URETHRAE MEMBRANACEAE MUSCLE-43 :3 5
ARTERY OF THE PENIS- 51: 22
ARTERY OF THE BULB OF URETHRA- 51:24
URETHRAL ARTERY-51:23
DEEP ARTERY OF PENIS- 51:2 6
DORSAL ARTERY OF PENIS- 51:27
DORSAL VEIN OF THE PENIS-55:49
DORSAL NERVE OF THE PENIS-71:24
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS-40:62
BODY OF GLAND-40:63
EXCRETORY DUCT-40:64
MEMBRANOUS PART OR URETHRA-41:24
SUPERIOR FASCIA OF UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM-43 :3 6
The following structures are in relationship to this
fascia:
ARCUATE LIGAMENT OF THE PUBIS-20:61
TRANS VERSE LIGAMENT OF THE PELVIS-43:38
S.. Structures in the Urogenital diaphragm. Ac the female
TRANSVERSE PERINEI PROFUNDUS MUSCLE-43 :34
SPHINCTER URETHRAE MEMBRANACEAE MUSCLE-43 :3 5
ARTERY OF CLITORIS-51:28
ARTERY OF BULB OF VESTIBULE- 51:2 5
URETHRAL ARTERY- 51:23
DEEP ARTERY OF CLITORIS-51:29
DORSAL ARTERY OF CLITORIS-51:30
DORSAL VEINS OF THE CLITORIS-55:51
DORSAL NERVE OF THE CLITORIS-71:25
GLANDULA VESTIBULARIS MAJOR-42:58
URETHRA-42:70
SUPERIOR FASCIA OF THE UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM-43 :3 6
The following structures are in relationship to this fascia:
ARCUATE LIGAMENT OF THE PUBIS-20:61
TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT OF THE PELVIS-43:38
4. Anal region
SUPEREICIAL PERINEAL FASCI/U43 :45
SPHINCTER AND EXTERNUS MUSCLE-43 :34
ANOCOCCYGEAL LIGAMENT-43:25
ISCHIORECTAL FOSSA-43:41
The fat in the ischiorectal fossa is removed in the demonstra-
tion of its contents.
INFERIOR HAEMORRHOIDAL NERVE-71^20
INFERIOR HAEMORRHOIDAL ARTERY- 51: 18
The following structures are in relationship to the walls of
the fossa:
INFERIOR FASCIA OF PELVIC DIAPHRAGM-43 :32
LEAVTOR ANI MUSCLE-43 :21
OBTURATOR FASCIA-43 :40
'
.
ABDOMEN AND PELVIS 86 -
The following nerve and artery are in relation to the
obturator fascia:
PUDENDAL NERVE-71:19
INTERNAL PUDENDAL ARTERY- 51: 17
TENDINOUS ARCH OF THE LEAVCOR ANI MUSCLE-43:22
Situated at the angle of junction of the obturator
fascia and the inferior fascia of the pelvic
diaphragm.
OBTURATOR INTERNUS MUSCLE-26:72
UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM-43:33 Its posterior margin only.
GLUTAEUS MAXIMUS MUSCLE-26:67 Its posterior or distal
margin only.
SACROTUBEROUS LIGAMENT-20:49
III. Anterior Abdominal Wall
1. Fascia, cutaneous nerves and blood vessels
For the surface anatomy of the abdomen, see 1:2.
Skin incisions: a) longitudinally along the anterior median line
from the xiphoid process to the mons pubis (encircle the umbilicus;
b) from the xiphoid process transversely around the thorax as far
back as possible; c) from the mons pubis laterally along the line of
the inguinal ligament to the anterior superior iliac spine and then
posteriorly along the iliac crest as far back as nossible.
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA-23:36
Dividend into two layers toward the inferior part of the
abdomen.
ANTERIOR CUTANEOUS RAMI OF INTERCOSTAL NERVES-70:8
ANTERIOR CUTANEOUS RAMUS OF ILIOPHXPOGASTRIC NERVE-70:28
ILIOINGUINAL NERVE-70:29
LATERAL CUTANEOUS RAMI OF INTERCOSTAL NERVES-70:3
LATERAL CUTANEOUS RAMUS OF THE ILIOHYPOGASTRIC NERVE-70:27
SUPERFICIAL EPIGASTRIC ARTERY-51:39
SUPERFICIAL CIRCIMFLEX ILIAC ARTERY-51:40
EXTERNAL PUDENDAL ARTERIES-51:41
PARUMBILICAL VEINS-55:36
THORACOEPIGASTRIC VEINS- 54:32
SUPERFICIAL EPIGASTRIC VEIN-55:65
2. Deeper structures of the anterior abdominal wall
a. Muscles and related structures
OBLIQUUS EXT2RNUS A3DOMINIS MUSCLE-25:28
Exposed by the removal of the deep fascia, guarding at the
same time against injury to its aponeurosis and the structures
in relation to the subcutaneous inguinal ring.
The following structures are in relationship with the External
oblique muscle:
TRIGONUM LUMBALE-25148
INGUINAL LI 65MENT-2 5 : 41
LS.CUNAR LIGAMENT-25:42
SUBCUTANEOUS INGUINAL RING-25:44
SUPERIOR CRUS-25:45
INFERIOR CRUS-25:46
ABDOMEH AND PELVIS 87':
OBLIQUUS INTERNUS ABDOMINIS MU5CLE-25:29
Exposed by detaching the external oblique muscle at its origin,
dividing the muscJ.e at its insertion into the iliac cest, froa
the superior iliac spine carrying an incision meadialward
through the apor.eurosis of the external oblique muscle to the
lateral margin of 'the rectus abdominis muscle, and reflecting
the external cblique muscle medialward,
CREMASTERIC MUSCLF.-25:30
TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE-25:31
Exposed by detaching the internal oblique muscle at its origin
and reflecting the muscle toward its insertion, at the same time
guarding the subjacent nerves and vessels, and leaving intact
the inguinal canal and its contents.
LINSA SEMILUNARIS-25:49
The following nerves and vessels are in relationship throughout part
of their course with the internal oblique and transversus abdominis
muscles.
ANTERIOR RAMI OF THORACIC NERVSS-70:!
ILIOHYPOGASTRIC NERVE-70:25
ILIOINGUINAL NERVE-70:29
INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES-49:59
LUMBAR ARTERIES- 50: 9
RECTUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE-25:25
Exposed by making a longitudinal incision through the
aponeurotic sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle at s. distance
of about 3 cm. from the linea alba, the inferior end of each
incision curving toward the symphysis pubis.
TENDINOUS INSCRIPTIONS-23:37
SHEATH OF THE RECTUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE-25:38
LINEA SIMICIRCULARIS-25:40
The following arteries are in relationship to the rectus
sheath:
INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY- 51:32
SUPERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY-48:47
PYRAMIDALIS MUSCLE-25-'27
LINEA AL3A-25:34
FASCIA TRAMSYERSAL!S-25:50
DEEP CIRCUMFLEX ILIAC ARTERY- 51:3 7
PERIT01EUM-43 :46
Exposed by the removal of a small portion of the fascia
transversalis .
b. Internal surface of the anterior abdominal wall
Exposed by beginning at a point jfust above the umbilicus making three
incisions through abdominal wall, two of them extending to the
anterior superior iliac spine on each side, and the third passing
to the right of the umbilicus and 2 cm. to the right of the linea
=tlba and terminating at the superior rainus of the pubic bone.
URACHUS-39:34
PLICA UMBILICALISMMSDIA-44:22
PLICA UMBILICALIS LATERALIS-44:23
PLICA EPIGASTRICA-44:24
FOVEA SUPRAVESICALIS-25:57
FOVEA INGUIMLIS M3DIA25:56
FOVEA INGUINALIS LATERALIS-25:55
ABDOMINAL INGUINAL RING-25:52
-
.
ABDOMEN AND F2J..VIS 38,
3. Inguinal canal, scrotum, spermtic cord and testis,
a. Inguinal canal -2 5: 51
A demonstration of i'ls boundaries involves the removal of 'ohe
peritoneum from the antorior abdominal wall in the region of the
inguinal canal.
FALX INGUINALIS-25:26
REFLEX INGUINAL LlGA?ffiNT-25:43
T b. Scrotum and sperroatic cord
SCROTIM-41:31
The scrotal sac is opened and its contents exposed by making a
longitudinal incision through the anterior wall of the scrotun
on each side of the mid-line.
RAPES OF THE SCROTUM-41 :32
SEPTUM OF THE SCROTUM-41:33
TUNICA DARTOS-41:34
SPERMATIC CORD~40:37
CREMASTERJC FASCIA-40:47
CREMASTERIC MUSCLE-40:46
(VAGINAL PERITONEAL PROCESS) -40:3 8
TUNICA VAGINALIS COMMUNIS-40:45
DUCTUS DEFERENS~40:21
INTERNAL SPERMATIC ARTERY- 50: 52
EXTERNAL SPERMATIC ARTERY-51:35
DEFERENTIAL ARTERY- 51:11
PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS OF VEINS-5:14
SPERMATIC VEIN-55:!!
EXTERNAL SPERMATIC NERVE-70:35
DEFERENTIAL PLEXUS-72 :42
LYMPHATICS
c. Testis-39:66
TUNICA VAGINALIS PROPRIA TESTIS-40:39
LAMINA PARIETALIS-40:40
LAMINA VISCERALIS-40:41
SINUS EPIDIDYMIDIS-40:44
In exposing the testis an incision is made through the anterior part
of the lamina parietalis of the tunica vaginalis propria.
SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR EXTREMITIES OF THE TESTIS-39:67, 68
LATERAL AND MEDIAL SURFACES-39:69, 70
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR MARGINS-39:71, 72
EPIDIDYI[S-40:9
SBAD, BODY AND TAIL OF SPIDIDYMIS-40:10-12
APPENDIX TESTIS-40:18
The following structures may be identified in crjss section ef the
testis:
TENICA ALBUGINEA-39:73
MEDIASTINUM TESTIS-89:74
SEPTULA TESTIS-39:75
LOBULES-40:!
PARENCHYL f iA-40:2
For the structures of the penis see 11:1*, 2a and VJ:3a.
. .
-.-..-
'' '
.
,:
: .
ABDOMEN AND PELVIS
Abdominal Cavity.
1. Abdominal cavity and the peritoneum
a. General characteristi cs of the abdominal cavity, viscera and
per it one van
In completing the opening of the abdominal cavity and demonstrating
the abdominal and peritoneal relations of the following structures,
the incision already made through the lower part of the anterior
abdominal wall (lll:2b) is extended upward from the umbilicus to the
xiphoid process, passing just to the left of the mid^-sagittal plane.
LIVER-34:43
GALL BLADDER-35-.6
STOMACH-32:78
GREATER OMENTUM-43 : 70
SMALL INTESTINE-33 :2 9
LARGE INTESTINE-33 : 61
LESSER OMENTUM-43 : 64
PERrTONEUM-43:46
PARIETAL PERITONE UM-43 : 4 9
VIS CERAL PERI TONE UM-43 : 50
PERITONEAL CAVITY-43:51
b. Peritoneal folds and fossa in relation to the small and larpe
intestine
MESENTERY-43 : 53
ROOT OF MESENTERY-43: 54
DUODENOJEJUNAL RECESS-44:9
DUODENOJEJUNAL FOLD-44:10
GREATER OMENTUM-43: 70
MESOCOLON-43:56
TRANSVERSE MESOCOLON-43 : 57
ASCENDING MESOCOLON-43 :58 '
DESCENDING MESOCOLON-43 : 59
SIGMOID MESOCOLON-43 : 60
MESORECTUM-43 : 61
MESENTERY OF THE VERMIFORM PROCESS-43 : 62
ILEOCAECAL FOLD-44:15
SUPERIOR ILEOCAECAL RECESS-44:13
INFERIOR ILEOCAECAL RECESS-44:14
CAECAL FOLD-44:18
CAECAL FOSSA-44:16
RETROCAECAL RECESS-44:17
PARACOLIC RECESS-44:19
PHRENICOCOLIC LIGAMENT-44:!
c. Peritoneal ligaments in relation to the liver, stomach and spleen
FALICIFORM LIGAMENT OF LIVER-44:3
LIGAMENTUM TERES OF THE LIVER-34:56
CORONARY LIGAMENT OF THE LIVER-44:4
RIGHT AND LEFT TRIANGULAR LIGAMENTS -44: 5, 6
LESSER OMENTUM-43 : 64
HEPATOGASTRIC LIGAMENT-43 : 65
HEPATODUOPENAL LIGAMENT-43 : 66
GASTROSPLENIC LIGAMENT-43 : 68
F*ffENICOSPLENIC LIGAMENT-44 :2
ABDOMEN AND PELVIS 90.
d. Omental bursa-43:71
FORAMEN EPIPLOICUM-43:77
The extend and following subdivisions of the omental bursa may
be exposed by inserting the finger through the foramen
epiploicum:
VESTIBULE OF BUESA-43:72
SUPERIOR OMENTAL RECESS-43:73
INFERIOR OKSNTAL RECESS-43:74
SPLENIC RECESS-43:75
i
e. Relations of the pelvic peritoneum
RECTOVSSICAL EXCAVATION OR POUCH-44:38
PUBOVESICAL FOLD-44:25
TRANSVERSE VESICAL FOLD-44:26
The following structures relate to the female pelvis only:
BROAD LIGAMENT OF THE UTERUS-44:29
RECTOUTERINE EXEAVATION OR POUCH-44:36
VESICOUTERINE EXCAVATION OR POUCH-44:37
f. Peritoneal relations in general
The relations of the peritoneum in general may be traced in cross
and sagittal sections of the abdomen, Some of the peritoneal rela-
tions of such retroperitoneal organs as the kidney, duodenum and
pancreas may be determined by palpation.
2. Mesenteric blood vessels, nerves and lynphatics
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY-50:36 Not including its origin.
Exposed by removing the right layer of peritoneum of the
mesentery, the inferior layer of the transverse mseocolon, and
the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall between the root
of the mesentery and the ascending colon,
INTESTINAL ARTERIES-50:37
JEJUNAL ARTERIES-50:39
ILEAL ARTERIES- 50: 40
INFERIOR PANCREATICDDUODENAL ARTERY-50:38
ILEOCOLIC ARTERY- 50:41
APPENDICULAR ARTERY-50:42
RIGHT COLIC ARTERY-50:43
MIDDLE COLIC ARTERY-50:44
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN-55H7
The tributaries of the superior mesenteric vein-55:l8-25,
consist of vessels corresponding to the branches of the superior
mesenteric artery, together with veins from the stomach and
pancreas.
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC SYMPATHETIC PLEXUS- 72S-32
MESENTERIC LYMPH GLANDS-56:64
MESOCOLIC LYMPH GLANDS-56:65
INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY-50:45
Demonstrated by removing the peritoneum from the posterior
abdominal wall betv/een the root of the mesentery and the
descending and iliac colon.
LEFT COLIC ARTERY- 50:46
SIGMOID ARTERIES- 50:47
SUPERIOR HAEMORRHOIDAL ARTERY-50:48 Exclusive of its
termination.
. ' '
..'.
>ti 3<ufc<-
rsq "to
.
ABDO'JEN AND PELVIS 91-
INFERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN-55:26
LEFT COLIC VEIN-55:27
SIGMOID VEINS -55: 2 8
SUPERIOR HAEMORRHOIDAL VEIN-55:29
Participates in an important anastomosis between the
systematic and portal circulation.
INFERIOR MESENTERIC SYMPATHETIC PLEXUS-72:35
Mesenterial small intestine and the large intestine
a- Mesenterial small intestine-33 :58
JEJUNUM-33:59
ILEIM-33:60
The following structures can best be demonstrated in the intestine
which has been removed from the abdomen, spened along its mesenteric
border and its contents washed out. For its removal, the small
intestine nay be divided between ligatures about 5 cm. below the
duodeno je junal flexure and about 10 cm. above the ileocaecal junc-
tion, and its connections serered with the mesentery and mesenterial
blood vessels.
TUNICA SEROSA-33:30
TUNICA MUSCULARIS-33:31
LONGITUDINAL LAYER-33 :32
CIRCULAR LAYER-33 :33
TELA SUBMUCOSA-33:34
TUNICA MUCOSA-33:35, 36
PLICAE CIRCULARES-33:37
INTESTINAL VILLI -33:38 Demonstrated with a hand lens.
INTESTINAL GLANDS-33:40 Demonstrated with a hand lens.
AGGREGATED LYMPH NODULES-33 :41
SOLITARY LYMPH NODULES-33 :40
CHYME-33 :42
CHYLE-33:43
INTESTINAL JUICE-33:44
b. Large intestine-33 : 61
CASClLd-33:62
VERIFORM PROCESS-33 : 67
COLON-33:70
ASCENDING COLON-33:71
RIGHT COLIC FLEXURE-33:72
TRANSVERSE COLON-33:73
LEFT COLIC FLEXURE-33:74
DESCENDING COLON-33:75
SIGMOID COLON-33:76
TAENIAE COLI-33:82
TAENIA MESOCOLICA-34:!
TAENIA OMSNTALIS-34:2
TAENIA LIBERA-3<-:3
HAUSTRA COLI-33:78
APPENDICES EPIPLOICAE-33:80
The following structures can be demonstrated to best advantage after
the large intestine has been divided between ligatures at the junc-
tion of the sigmoid colon with the rectum, removed from tbe abdomen
and its contents washed out.
VALVULA COLI-33:63
INFERIOR AND SUPERIOR LIPS-33:64, 65
FRENULA OF THE VALVE OF THE COLON-33:66
.
ABDOMEN AND PELVIS 92.
(VALVE OF THE VERMIFORM PROCESS )-33: 68
AGGREGATED NODULES OF THE VERMIFORM PROCESS-33:69
TUNICA SEROSA-33;79
TUNICA MUSCULARIS-33:81
TUNICA SUBMUCOSA-34:4
TUNICA MUCOA-34:5, 6
INTESTINAL GLAHDS-34:7
SOLITARY LYMPHATIC NODULES-34:8
4, Structures in relation to the walls of the omental bufsa
a. Biliary ducts and vessels in the lesser omentum
The exposure of the structures in thelesser omentuni may be facilitat-
ed by the removal of the greater part of the left lobe of the liver.
To this end an incision may be made through the left lobe in an
anterior-posterior direction, beginning just at the left of the
falciform ligament and terminating near the left margin of the fossa
for the ductus ver.osus (keeping the detached part of the liver
wrapped in a damp cloth for later study).
COMMON BILE DUCT-35:16
HEPATIC DUCT-35:3
SYSTIC DUCT-35:10
PORTAL VEIN-55:15
HEPATIC ARTERY- 50:19
RIGHT GASTRIC ARTERY-50:20
PROPER HEPATIC ARTERY-50:2X
RIGHT RAMUS-50:22
CYSTIC ARTERY-50:23
LEFT RAMUS-50:24
LEFT GASTRIC ARTERY-50:17
b. Remainins vessels in relation to the walls of the omental bursa
GASTRODUODSNAL ARTERY-50:25
RIGHT GASTROEPIPLOIC ARTERY-50:29
In exposing the following structures tiny remaining parts of the
lesser omentuniaare removed, the right gastric artery, right' gastro-
epiploic artery and stomach are divided just to the 'left of the
pylorus, the stomach displaced toward the left side, and the post-
erior wall of the lesser omental bursa carefully removed, but guard-
ing against undue displacement of the pancreas.
SUPERIOR PANCREATICODUODENAL ARTERY-50:26
COELIAC ARTERY-50:16
LEFT GASTRIC ARTERY-50:17
HEPATIC ARTERY- 50:19 For its branches see the preceding
section, 4a.
SPLENIC ARTERY- 50: 31
PANCREATIC RAMI-50:32
LiiiFT GASTRCEPIPLOIC ARTERY-50:33
SHORT GASTRIC ARTERIES-50:34
SPLENIC RAMI-50:35
.PORTAL VEIN-55:15
CORONARY VEIN OF THE STOMACH- 55: 16-
SUPERIOR M2SENTERIC VEIN-55:17
INFERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN-55:26
SPLENIC VEIN-55:30
LEFT GASTROEPIPLOIC YEIN-55:32
CYSTIC VEIN-55:33
;
ABDOISU AND PELVIS 93
VEINS-55:36
The portal vein also participates in important oesophageal,
rectal, peritoneal and umbilical anastomoses.
5 . Duodenum and pancreas
Sii Duodenum-33 :45
PARS SLPERIOR-33 :46
PARS DESCENDENS-33 :47
PARS HORISONTALIS-33 :49
PARS ASCENDENS-33 : 50
SUSPENSORY MUSCLE OF THE DUODENUM-3 3 : 54
DUODENAL PAPILLA-33 :56
Exposed by making a longitudinal inrinion through tha
anterior -mall of the duodenum.
LONGITUDINAL FOLD OF DUODENUM-33: 55
b. Pancreas-34:26
HEAD OF PANCREAS-34:27
UNCINATE PROCESS-34:28
NOTCH OF THE PANCREAS-34:2Q
BODY OF PANCREAS-34:30
AHTSRIOR, POSTERIOR AND INFERIOR SURFACES-34:31-33
SUPERIOR, ANTERIOR AID POSTERIOR MARSIN5-34:34-36
OMENTAL TUBER-34-.37
TAIL OF PANCREAS-34:38
PANCREATIC DUCT-34:39
ACCESSORY PANCREATIC DUCT-34:40
(ACCESSORY PANCREAS) -34: 41
6, Stomach and spleen
a._Stomach-32:78
VAGUS NER\"E-69:22 In its relation to the stomach and adjacent
organs .
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR GASTRIC PLEXUSES- 68: 51, 52
HEPATIC RAMI-68:53
COELIAC RAMI-68:54
STOMACH-32:78
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR WALLS OF STOMA.CH-32 :79, 80
GREATER AND LESSER CURVATURES OF STOHACH-32:!, 2
CARDIA-33:3
FUNDUS OF STOMACH-38:4
BODY OF STOMACH-33:5
PYLORUS-33:6
CARDIAC PART-33:7
PYLORIC PART-33:8
(CARDIAC AlHROM)-33:9
PYLORIC ANTRUM-33:10
The exposure of the following stfiuctures is facilitated by dividing
the abdominal part of the oesophagus, removing the stomach, and
opening the stomach by an incision along its greater curvature*
SEROUS COAT-33:!!
MUSCULAR CCAT-33:12
LONGITUDINAL LAYER-33:13
CIRCULAR LAYER-33:15
OBLIQUE FIBERS-33:17
ABDOMEN AND PELVIS 94.
PYLORIC VALVE-33:18
TELA SUBMUCOSA-33:19
TUNICA MUCOSA-33:20
GASTRIC PITS-33:24
b. Spleen-35:18
DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE-35:19
RENAL SURFACE-35:20
GASTRIC SURFACE-35:21
SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR EXTREMITIES-35:22, 23
POSTERIOR AND ANTERIOR MARGINS-35:34, 25
TUNICA SEROSA-35:27
TUNICA ALBUGINEA-35:28
SPLENIC PULP-35:30
SPLENIC RAMI OF SPLENIC ARTERY-35:31
(ACCESSORY SPLEEN) -3 5:34
7. Sympathetic plexuses in relation to the coeliac ganglion and coeliae
plexus
COELIAC PLEXUS-72:19
COELIAC GANGLION- 72:20
If the thorax has been previously dissected, these ganglia nay
be conveniently located by tracing the great splanchnic nerves
down to their junction with the ganglia.
SUPERIOR GASTRIC PLEXUS-72:26
HEPATIC PLEXUS-72:24
INFERIOR GASTRIC PLEXU5-72:27
SPLENIC PLEXUS-72:25
RENAL PLEXUS-72:29
SUPRARENAL PLEXUS-72:28
PHRENIC PLEXUS-72--22
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC BLEXUS-"2 :32
ABDOMINAL AORTIC PLEXUS-72:18
8. Liver-34:43
For the ligaments and peritoneal relation of the liver, see IV:lc.
The removal of the liver involves the following incisions: a) divi-
sion of the portal vein at the level of the" foramen epipl/oicum; b)
raising the liver as much as possible, cutting through the inferior
vena cava vein at the point where it comes in contact with the
inferior aspect of the liver and to the right of the inferior vena
cava cutting through the inferior layer of the coronary ligament;
c) in connection with the superior and posterior aspects of the
liver dividing the ligamentun teres and the falciform ligament, the
right and left triangular ligaments and superior layer of the cor-
onary ligament; d) separating the posterior surface of the liver
from the diaphragm and make a second cut through the inferior vena
cava just below the disphragm and completing the detachment of the
organ.
RIGHT LOBE OF LIVER-34:59
QUADRATE LOBE OF LIVER-34:60
CAUDATE LOBS OF LIVER-34:61
PAPILLARY PROCESS-34:62
CAUDATE PROCESS-34:63
LEFT LOBE OF LIVER-34:64
RIGHT SAGITTAL FOSSA-34:49
ABDOMEN AMD PELVIS 95.
FOSSA FOR THE GALL BLADDER-34 : 50
FOSSA FOR VENA CAVA-34:51
LEFT SAGITTAL FOSSA-34:52
FOSSA FOR UMBILICAL VEIN-34:S3
FOSSA FOR DUCTUS VENOSUS-34:54
ANTERIOR MARGIN-34:47
INCISURA UMBILICALIS-34;48
SUPERIOR SURFACE-34:44
POSTERIOR SURFACE-34:45
OSSOPHAGEAL IMPRESSION-34:68
SUPRARENAL IMPRESSION-34:73
INFERIOR SURFACE-34:45
PORTA HEPATIS-34:58
OMENTAL TUBER-34:67
GASTRIC IMPRESS I ON-34:6
DUODENAL IMPRESSION-34:70
COLIC IMPRESS 1 013-34: 71
RENAL IMPRESSION-34:72
The following hepatic etructures nay be demonstrated in cut surfaces
of the liver, some of them requiring a hand lens or microscope for
their identification.
HEPATIC LOBULES-34:74
FIBROUS CAPSULE-34:75
INTERLOBULAR ARTERIES-$4;76
INTERLOBULAR VEINS-34:77
CENTRAL VEINS-34:78
BILE DUCTS-35:!
INTERLOBULAR DUCTS-35:2
VASA ABERRATIA HEPATIS-35:3
BILE-35:5
GALL BLADDER-35:6
FuHDUS OF GALL BLADDER-3 5:7
BODY OF GALL BLADDER-35:8
NECK OF GALL BLSDDER-35:8
CYSTIC DUCT-35:10
SPIRAL VAI,VE-35:15
The following structures require a hand lens or a microscope
for their adequate demonstration:
TUNICA SEROSA OF GALL BLADDER-3 5 : 11
TUNICA MUSCULARIS OF GALL BLADDER-3 5 : 12
TUNICA MUCOSA OF GALL BLADDER-3 5 : 13
PLICAE TUNICAE MUCOSAE OF GALL BLADDER-3 5 : 14
GLANDULAE MUCOSAE BILIOSAE-35:17
Suprarenal gland, kidney and ureter
a. Suprarenal gland -3 9: 52
HILUS OF SUPRARENAL GLAND-39:55
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SURFACES-39:56, 57
BASE-39:58
APEX-39:59
SUPERIOR AND IEDIAL MARGINS-39:60, 61
(ACCESSORY SUPRARENAL GLANDS ) -3 9 : 63
CORTICAL SUBSTANCE-3 9 : 53
MEDULLARY SUBSTANCE-3 9 : 54
CENTRAL VEIN-39:62
ABDOMEN AND PELVIS 96.
b. Vascular supply of the kidney and suprarenal glands
Exposed by removing the kidneys and suprarenal glandf (before *oing
this however, advantage may be taken of the opportunity of determin-
ing the relations of the kidney to these organs and adjacent
structures) .
RENAL ARTERY-50:50 of. also-39:4
INFERIOR SUPRARENAL ARTERY- 50: 51
ICE DOLE SUPRARENAL ARTERY- 50: 49
RENAL VEINS-55:9
SUPRARENAL VEINS-55:10
c. Kidney-38:37
ADIPOSE CAPSULE-38:49
LATERAL MARGIN-38:38
MEDIAL MARGIN-38:39
RENAL HILUS-38:40
RENAL 5INUS-38:41
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SURFACES-38:42, 43 '
SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR EXTREMITIES-38:44, 45
(HEPATIC IMPRESSION) -38:46
( GASTRIC IL'PRF.SSION) -3 8 : 47
The following nay be demonstrated to best advantage by cutting
through the kidney along its lateral margin and dividing the
organ into symmetrical halves:
TUNICA FIBROSA-38:50
CORTICAL SUBSTANCE-3 8:55
MEDULLARY SUBSTANCE-3 8: 56
RENAL PYRAMIDS-38:58
RENAL PAPILLAE-38:60
RENAL COLUHNS-38:63
RENAL PELVIS-38:70
RENAL CALCYEES-38:71
d. Ureter-39:19
ABDOMINAL PART-39:20
10. Diaphragm
DIAPHRAGM-25:9
LUMBAR PART-25-.10
MEDIAL CRUS-25: 11
INTERMEDIATE CRUS-25:12
LATERAL CRUS-25: 13
COSTAL PART-25:14
STERNAL PART-25:15
AORTIC OPENING-2 5:16
OESOPHAGEAL OPENING-25:17
CENTRAL TENDON-25:18
OPENING FOR VENA CAVA-25:19
MEDIAL LUf'BOCOSTAL ARCH-25:20
LATERAL LUMBOCOSTAL ARCH-25:21
V. Structures in Relation to the Posterior Abdominal Wall
1. Blood-vessels and lymphatics
ABDOIEN AND PELVIS 97.
a. Arteries
ABDOMINAL AORTA- 50: 5
PARIETAL BRANCHSS-50:6
INFERIOR PHRENIC ARTERY-50:7
SUPERIOR SUPRARENAL RAMI-50:8
LUMBAR ARTERIES- 60: 9-11
These arteries pass posterior to the sympathetic
trunk which together with other nerves of the
abdominal wall should be guarded from injury*
MIDDLE SACRAL ARTERY-50:12 Origin only.
VISCERAL BRANCHES-50:15
For the rami of the first five of the following arteries
see IV:2, 4b and 9b.
COELIAC ARTERY-50-.16
SUPERIOR ffiSENTERIC ARTERY-50:36
INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY-50:45
MIDDLE SUPRARENAL ARTERY-50:49
RENAL ARTERIES. 50 :50
INTERNAL SPERMATIC ARTERIES -50: 52
TESTICULAR ARTERY- 50: 53 In the male.
OVARIAN ART3RY-50I54 In the female.
COMMON ILIAC ARTERIES-50:55
HYPOGASTRIC ARTERY-50:56 Origin only.
EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY-5V.31
INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY-5U32
DEEP CIRCUMFLEX ILIAC ARTERY- 51:37
b , Veins and lymphatics
INFERIOR VENA CAVA-55:3
PARIETAL ROOTS-55:4
INFERIOR PHRENIC VEIN-55:5
LUMBAR VEINS-55:6
VISCERAL ROOTS-55:?
HEPATIC VEINS-55:8
RENAL VEINS- 55: 9
SUPRARENAL VEINS-55:10
SPERMATIC VElrJ-55:ll
2ESTICULAR VEIN-55:12
OVARIAN VEIN-55:13
COMMON ILIAC VEINS-55:37
MIDDLE SACRAL VEIN-55:38
HYPOGASTRIC VEIN-55:39 Tenaination only.
EXTERNAL ILIAC VEINS-55:58
INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC VBINS-55:S9
DEEP CIRCU1IFLEX ILIAC VEIN-55:50
CISTERMA CHYLI-56:28
INTESTINAL LYMPHATIC TRUNK- 5 6:2 7
LUMBAR LYMPHATIC TRUNKS- 56:2 6
ILIAC LYMPH GLANDS- 56: 57
LUMBAR LYMPH GLAND3-56:58
COBLIAC LYMPH LANDS56:59
AZYGOS VEIN- 56: 53
HEMIAZYGOS VEIN-56:54
2. Fascia and muscles of posterior abdominal wall
ILIAC FASCIA-27:55
,.
.
i
I
ABDOM3N AMD PELVIS 98.
QUADRATUS LUMBORUM MUSCLED 5: 32
ILIOPSOAS MUSCLE-26:63
ILIAC MUSCLE-26-.64
P&OAS MAJOR MUSCLE-26:65
In the demonstration of this muscle the following nerves
are encountered and should be guarded from injury: the
sympath;:^. trunk, medial to it, the genitofemoral nerve in
relation to its anterior surface, the iliciu^uinnl and
lateral femoral cutaneous nerves in relation to its
lateral margin, and the femoral nerve, situated between
the pooas major and iliacus muscles.
PSOAS MINOR MUSCLE-26:66
3. Nerves of the posterior abdominal wall
ABDOMINAL PART OF THE SYMPATHETIC TRUNK-72:15
LUMBAR GANGLION- 72: 16
RAMI COMMUNICANTES-68:72
TlEiFTH INTERCOSTAL NERVE-70:!
LUMBAR NERVES-70:ll
In demonstrating the lumbar nerves and lumbar plexus the psoas
major muscle is removed by blunt dissection.
LUMBAR PLEXUG~70:23
MUSCULAR HAMI-70:24
ILIOHYPOGASTRIC NERVE-70 :25
ILIOINGUINAL NERVE-7Ci29
GENITOFEMORAL NERVE-70 :33
LUMBOINGUINAL NERVE-70: 3 4
EXTERNAL SPERMATIC NSRVS-70:35
LATERAL FEMORAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-70 :3 6
FEMORAL NERVE-70 :41
OBTURATOR NERVE-70 :37
LUMBOSACRAL IEUNK-70:22 Ocigin only.
VI. PELVIS
1. Osteology
COXAL BONE-15:?
OBTURATOR FORAMEN-15:8
ILIAC BONE-15: 14
ILIAC CREST-15;18
ILIAC FOSSA-15:31
ISCHIAL BONE-15 :32
SUPERIOR RAMUS OF THE ISCHIAL BONE-15 :34
INFERIOR RAMUS OF THE ISCHIAL EONE-15:35
PUBIC BONE-15:40
OBTURATOR SULCUS-15:46
INFERIOR AND SUPERIOR RAMI OF THE PUBIC BONE-15 :49, 50
SACRUIvI-7 : 5
PELVIC SURFACE-?:?
PROMONTORY-?: 10
ANTERIOR SACRAL FORAMINA-7:15
APEX OF SACRAL BONE-7:24
COCCYX-7:25
PELVIS-15:52
SYJ.IPHYSIS OF PUBIC BONE-15: 53
ABDOL3N AND F2LVIS 99.
EUBIC ARCH-15:54
MAJOR PELVIS-15:56
MINOR PELVIS-15:57
LINEA TERMINALIS-15:58
SUPERIOR APERTURE OF THE PELVIG-15:62
INFERIOR APERTURE OF THE PELVIS-15:63
PELVIC AXIS-15-.64
CONJUGATE, TRANSVERSE AND OBLIQUE DIAMETERS-15:65-67
PELVIC IMCLINATIOH-15:68
2. Peritoneum and fascia in relation to the pelvis
a. Peritoneal folds in the "male pelvis
TRANSVERSE VESICAL FOLD-44:26
PUBOVESICAL FOLD-44:25
MESORECTUM-43 : 61
b. Peritoneum of the feniale pelvis
RECTO UTERINE FOLDS~44:35
RECTOUTERINE EXCAVATIOH-4-i:36
YESICOUTERINE EXCAVATION-44:37
FOSSA OVARICA-44:33
BROAD LIGAMENT OF UTERUS-44:39
MESOMETRIUM-44 :30
MESOSLPINX-44:31
MESOVARIUM-44:32
SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT OF THE OVARY-44:34
c. Fascia
PELVIC FASCIA-43:26
Demonstrated by removing the pelvic peritoneum by blunt dis-
section, guarding at the same time against injury to nerves
and vessels.
SUPERIOR FASCIA OF PELVIC DIAPHRAGM-.43 :28
TENDINOUS ARCH OF PELVIC FASCTA-43:29
ENDOPELVIC FASCIA-43:27
MIDDLE PUBOPROSTATIC LIGAMENT-43130 In the male.
MIDDLE PUBOVESICAL LIGAHENT-43 :30 In the female.
LATERAL PUBOPROSTATIC LIGAMENT-43 :31 In the male.
LATERAL PUBOVESICAL LIGAMENT-43 :31 In the female.
The demonstration of the anterior relations of the pelvic fascia
is completed and the subsequent exposure of pelvic viscera
facilitated by making the following dissections: a) detaching
the suspensory ligament of the penis from the front of the
symphysis, guarding at the same time against injury to the
dorsal vein of the penis; b) detaching all muscles and fascia
from the anterior surface of each pubic bone over a region
extending about 2.5 cm. laterally from the symphysis pubis ;
c) sawing through the pubic bones by an incision on each side
of the symphysis pubis extending from the pubic tubercle to a
point just below the attachment of the arcuate ligament of the
pubis; and d) detaching the pelvic fascia from the posterior
surface of this isolated segment of bone and carefully removing
the bone (retaining the latter for later reference).
INFERIOR FSCIA OF THE PELVIC DIAPHRAGM-43:32
OBTURATOR FASCIA-43:40
TENDINOUS ARCH OF THE LEVATOR ANI MUSCLS-43 :22
ABDOMEN AND PELVIS 100.
SUPERIOR FASCIA OF THE UROGSNITAL DIAPIIRAGM-43 :36
3 Pelvic viscera
a. In the male pel vi.e
URINARY BLADEER-3 9 : 2 9
VERTEX OF BLA-}EER-S9:30
BODY OF BLADD2R-39:31
FUND US OF BLADDER-39:32
URACHUS x -.39:34
The following structures are exposed by an incision beginning at
the vertex of the bladder and extending through its wall in an
anterior-poseterior direction in the line of its median piano.
TUNICA SEROSA-39:35
TUNICA MUSCULARIS-3 9:3 6*39
TELA SUBMUCOSA-39:42
TUNICA MUCOSA-39:43
TRIGONE OF THE BLADDER-39:46
JVULA OF THE BLADDER-39:47
URETERAL FOLD-39:48
ORIFICE OF URETER-39:49
INTERNAL URSJTHRAL ORIFICE-3 9 : 50
URETHRAL RING-39:51
MALE URETHRA-41:19
Its internal structure is exposed by introducing a blunt pointed
scissors into the internal urethral orifice and dividing the
dorsal wall of the urethral canal throughout its entire extent.
PROSTATIC PART-41:20
URETHRAL CREST-41:21
SEMINAL HILLOCK-41 :22
PROSTATIC UTRICLE-41 :23
EJACULATORY DUCTS-40:30 Their openings only.
PROSTATIC DUCTS-40:59 Their openings only.
MEMBRANOUS PART-41:24
CAVERNOUS PART-41 : 2 5
EXCRETORY DUCTS OF BULBOURSTHRAL GLANDS-40:64
NAVICULAR FOSSA OF URETHRA-41:26
(VALVULA FOSSAE MVICULARIS)-41:27
EXTERNAL URETHRAL .ORIFICE-41:28
URETHRAL LACUNAE-41:29
PENIS-40166
The following structures are demonstrated in cross sections of
the penis. For other structures of penis see II:lb and 2a,
CORPUS CAVERNOSUIvl PENIS-41:4
CORPUS CAVSRNOSUM URETHRAE-41 : 5
TUNICA ALBUGINEA-41:5
SEPTUJ,! EENIS-4l:10
TRABECULAE CORPORUM CAVERNOSORUM-41:11
CAVERNAE CORPORUI.! CAVERNOSORUM-41:12
The demonstration of the remaining pelvic structures may be
facilitated by detaching the fifth lumbar vertebrae frora the sacrum,
dividing tha sacrum, coccyx, and any remaining soft structures in the
median sagittal plane, and separating the two halves of the pelvis.
RECTUM-34:9
SACRAL FLEXURE-34:10
PERINEAL FLEXUR3-34:!!
RECTAL AMPULLA-34:12
MUCOUS MEMBRANE-34:17
..
.
.
ABDOMEN AND PELVIS 101,
TRANSVERSE RECTAL FOLDS-34:21
RECTOCOCCYGEAL MUSCLE-34:15
ANAL PART OF RECTUM-34:22
RECTAL GOLUUNS-34:3?
RECTAL S.1NUSES-34-.24
HSfiORRHOTDAL RING-34 : 2 5
SPHINCTER AND INTSRNUS MUSCLE-34:14
PELVIC PART OF URBTER39:21
PROSTATE -40: 50
BASE-40:51
APEX-40:52
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SURFACES-40:53 ? 54
RIGHT AND LEFT LOBES-40:55
ISTHMUS -40: 56
(MIDDLE LOBE) -40: 57
SEMINAL VESICLES-40:31
BODY OF SEMINAL VESICLE-40:32
EXCRETORY DUCT-40:36
DUCTUS DEFERENS-40:21
AMPULLA OF DUCTUS DEFERENS-40:22
DIVERTICULA OF AMPULLA-40:23
EJACULATORY DUCT-40:30
b. In the female pelvis
The demonstration of the following structures may be facilitated by
detaching the fifth lumbar vertebrae from the sacrum, dividing the
sacrum, coccyx, rymphysis pubis and any remaining soft structures,
in the median sagittal plane and separating the two halves of the
pelvis.
PERITONEUM-43:46
For structures relative to the peritoneum in the female
pelvis, see Vl:2b.
PELVIC FASCIA-43:26 cf. VI:2c.
URIN/RY BLADDER-39:29
For structures relative to the urinary bladder, see VI:3a.
FEMALE URETHRA-42:70
5Xir.r^-L URETHRAL ORIFICE-42 : 71
CRISTA URETHRALIS-43 :2
PELVIC PART OF T1RETER-39:21
'i7AHY-41:JG
HILUS-41:37
MEDIAL AND LATERAL SURFACES-41:38, 39
FREE MARGIN-41:40
MESOVARIAN MARGIN-41:41
TUBAL EXTREMITY-41:42
UTERINE EXTREKITY-4I:43
OVARIAN LIGAMENT-41:56
CORPUS LUTEUM-41:54
CORPUS ALBICANS-41:55
PAROOPHORON-42 :43
EPOOPHORON-42:39
UTERINE TUBE-41:57
OSTIUM ABDOMIMLE-41:58
INFUNDIBULUM-41 : 59
FIMBRIAE-41:60
FIIJBHIA OVARICA-41 : 61
AI.IPULLA-4l:62
ABDOMEN AND PELVIS 102.
ISTHMUS-41 : 63
UTERUS-41:76
BODY OF UT3RUS41:77
FUNDUS-43:!
LATERAL MARGIN-42 :2
VESICAI, S T lKFAGE-43:3
INIESTINAJ, 5UR7CE-42:4
UTEPJHE CAVITY-42:5
CERVIX-42:7
SUERA VAGINAL PART-42:8
VAGINAL PART-42:9
EXTERNAL ORIFICE OF UTERUS-42:10
ANTERIOR LIP-42:11
POSTERIOR LIP-42:12
CANAL OF THE CERVIX-42:13
INTERNAL ORIFICE OF THE UTERUS-42:6
LIGAMENTUM TERES-42 :23
VAGINA-42:25
FORNIX OF VAGINA-42:26
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR YJALLS-42 :27, 28
HYMEN-42:29
HYMENEAL CARUNCLES-42:30
RECTUM-34:9
For its structural characteristics, see VI: 3a.
Pelvic blood vessel^ (male and female)
In the follo'.ving tabulation vessels which are either male or female
only are so indicated. All other vessels are common to both sexes.
_a. Arteries
HYPOGASTRIC ARTERY- 50: 56
PARIETAL RAMI OF THE HYPOGASTRIC ARTERY- 50: 57
ILIOLUMBAR ARTERY- 50': 58
LUMBAR RAMUSXX.50:59
SPINAL RAMU3-i.50:60
ILIAC RAMUSxx-50:61
LATERAL SACRAL ARTERY- 50: 62
SPINAL RAMI XX -50:63
frBTCRATBR ARTERY- 50: 64
PUBIC RAMUS-50:65
SUPERIOR GLUTEAL ARTERY- 51:1
INFERIOR 5LUTEAL ARTERY- 51: 4
VISCERAL RAHI OF THE HYPOGASTRIC ARTERY- 51: 6
UMBILICAL ARTERY-51:7
SUPERIOR VESICAL ARTERIES X ^,51:8
LATERAL UIBILICAL LiQUffl!NTj-5i:.9
INFERIOR VESICAL ARTERY- 51:10
DEFERENTIAL ARTERY* x- 51: 11
UTERINE ARTERY- 51:12 In the female anly.
VAGINAL ARTERY- 51: 13
OVARIAN RAMUS-51:14
TUBAL RAMUS-51:15
OVARIAN ARTERY-50:54 In the female only.
MIDDIJS HEMORRHOIDAL ARTERY-51:16
INTERNAL PUDENDAL ARTERY-51:17
For its perineal rami in both male and fenale see
11:2-4.
ABDOMINAL AND PELVIS 103 .
SUPERIOR HEMORRHOIDAL ARTERY- 50: 48
MIDDLE SACRAL ARTRY50:12
LOWEST LtPCAR ARTERY 301 -50:13
RLOMU3 COOCYGEUM XX -50 :14
Veins of thr*.
HYPOGAS TRT C V. . . 5 : 3 9
The tributaries of the hypogastric vein-55:40, 49:53, 55-57,
correspond to $. large degree with the branches of the hypo-
gastric artery.
HEMORRHOIDAL PLEKU5-S5 :46
VESICAL PLEXUS x:: ~5 5 :47
PUDENDAL PLSXUff-* -5?: 48 '
UTEROVAGINAL PLEXUS ;:> i- 55: 54 In the female only.
MIDDLE SACRAL VEIN xx -55:38
5 . Pelvic rcuscj.ej! ^
Exposed by displacing the viscera from the lateral pelvic walls and
removing any remains of the superior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm-
43:28, guarding at the same time against injury to the fifth sacral
and coccygeal nerves.
PELVIC DIAPKRA&M-43:20
LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE-43:21
TENDINOUS ARCH OF THE LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE-r43 :22
COCCYGSUS MUSCLE-43:23, 25:59
SACRAL PLEXUS-?0:47
LUUBCSACRAL TRUNK-70:48
SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE- 70: 49
INFERIOR GLUTEAI, NERVE-70:50
POSTERIOR FEMORAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-70:51
SCIATIC NERVE-70:54
PUDENDAL PLEXUS-71:15
MIDDIS HEMORRKOIDAL NERVES xx - 71: 16
INFERIOR VESICAL NERVES xx -71:17
VAGII'iAL N3RVES XX ~71:18 In the female.
PUDENDAL NERTE-71 :1 9
COCCYGSAL IER\ r E xx -71:26
PELVIC PART OF THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM- 72:15
SACRAL GA?;GLIA-72 :17
OBTURATOR FASCIA-43 :40
OBTURATOR INTERKUS k*USCLE-26:72
PISIFORMIS MUSCLB-26:71
6. Pelvic articulations
LIGAMENTS OF THE PELVIC GIRDLE-20:45
OBTURATOR MEMBRANE-20:46
OBTURATOR CANAL-?. 0:47
ILIOLUMBAR LIGA!.ENT-20:48
SACROTUBEROUS LIGAi.ENT-20:49
. FALCIFORM PRQCESS-20:50
SACROSPINOUS LIGAMENT-20:5l
GREATER SCIATIC FORA1^!EN-20:52
LESSER SCIATIC FORAKEN-2 : 53
ABDOMINAL AMD PELVIS 104.
SACRO-II.IAC ARTICULATION-20:54
ANTERIOR SACRG-JJ'JAe LXGAMENTS-20:55
INTERCSSEOUS SACRO- ILIAC L1GAMENTS-20:56
LONG AND SHORT POSTERIOR SACRO-ILIAC LIGAMENTS-20:57, 58.
SYNOVIAL CAVITY
SYMPHYSIS PU3IS-20:59
SUPERIOR PUBIC IJGAMENTS-20:60
ARCUATE LIGAM3MT OF PUBIS-20:61
INTERP UBIC riBRO-GAaCrU.GS-2 : 62
Demonstrated by removing a slice of bone from the front
cf the symphysis pubie.
SACRO-COCCVGEAL SYMPHySIS-18:48
SUPERFI-IIAL POSTERIOR SACRO-COCCYGEAL LIGAMRNT-18:49
DEEP POSTERIOR SACRO-COCCYGEAL LIGAMENT-18:50
ANTERIOR SACRO-COCCYGEAL LIGilvENT-18:51
LATERAL SACRO-COCCYGEAL LIGAMENT-18 : 53
INFERIOR EXTREMITY
INFERIOR EXTRKIITY " L ' :
I. General characteristics of the inferior extremity
1. Subdivisions
TEIGH-5:45
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SURFACE-5:46,47
LATERAL AND IIEDIAL SORFACE-5:48,4r9
GLUTEAL FURRO^-BrSO
KNEE-5:51
POSTERIOR SURFACE OF KNEE-5:52
PATELLA-5.-53
LEG-5:54
FOOT-5:60
For the remaining subdivisions of the leg and foot
see VII: la.
2 Regions
REGIONS OF THE INFERIOR EXTREMITY-84:15
ANTERIOR FEIORAL REGION-84:1S
SUBIIRGi;ia;j,FCSA-S4r: 17
LATERAL FEJIOHAL SEflION-84:18
TROCHAKTERIC REGI01T-84:19
P08TEHIOR FEIORAL REGION-84-:20'
IEEDIAL FEIORAL RBGION-84:21
ANTERIOR REGION OF THE KNEE-84:22
PATELLAR HEGION-84:23
POSTERIOR REGION OF THE SNEE*84:24
POPLITEAL FOSSA-84:25
For the remaining regions of the inferior extremity,
see, Vllrlc.
REGIONS OF THE BACK-83:23
Only those regions of the back are listed here \vhich
ore in direct relation to the regions of the inferior
extremity.
REGION OF THE HIP-83:30
CSAC2AL REGIOH-flStSl
GLUTEJi RGION-83:32
PERINEAL REGION-83:33
II. G lute o.l region
1. Surface Anatomy
"NATES-5:5
ANAL CLEFT-5:?
COCCYX-7:25
.
INFERIOR EXTREMITY 106 '
CREST OF THE ILIULI-15 : 18
CANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC S?INS-15:22
POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPIWE-15:24
GLUTEAL SULCUS~5:50
TUBEROSITY OF ISCHIU1I-15:36
GREATER TROCHAKTER-iG: 2
2: Fascia and cutaneous nerves
Skin incisions: a) from the posterior superior iliac spine along
the iliac crest a.s far forward as possible; b) from the post-
erior extremity of (a) obliquely' distally and medially to the
middle line of the sacral region, thence distally to the tip of
the coccyx; c) from the tip of the coccyx distally and laterally,
crossing the middle point of the gluteal sxxlcus, to the junction
of the niddle and proximal thirds of the thigh,
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA-23:36
SUPERIOR CLUNIAL KEKVES-70:15
1IIDDLE CLUNIAL 1TERVES-70:21
LATERAL CUT.WSOUS RAL3JS OF THE ILIOHYPOGASTRIC NERVE-70:27
LATERAL CUTANEOUS RAI.IUS OF THE T.7ELFTH THORACIC NERVE-69:76
I1TFERIOR CLUNIAL 1IERVES-70:52
PERINEAL RA!:I OF THE POSTERIOR FENORAL CUTANEOUS NERVE- 201 70:53
DEEP FASCIA-43:32
3. Glutaeus rnaxiiois muscle
GLUTAEUS ILAXr.IUS 1.IUSCLI3-26: 67
TROCHMTERIC BURSA OF THE GLUTAEUS 1I/JCIIIUS !IUSCLE-28:53
GLUTAEOFE.IORAL BURS.^-29 : 5
SCIATIC BURSA OF THE GLUTAEUS 1IAXI1BJS :!USCLE- XX 29:6
4. Structures exposed by the reflection of the glutaeus maximus muscle
Demonstrated by separating the glutaeus maximus muscle from
the underlying structures, detaching it at its origin and re-
flecting it toward its insertion; at the same time exposing and
cutting its nerve and vascular supply, but leaving intact the
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, sacrotuberous ligament and
perineal region.
a. Structures distal to the piriformis muscle
INFERIOR GLUTSAL TJERVE-70 : 50
INFERIOR GLUTEAL ARTERY-SI:^
POSTERIOR FEIIORAL CUTANEOUS V -N^RVE-70: 51
SCIATIC NERVE-70:54
INTERNAL PUDEKDAL ARTERY-51:17
PUDEEDAL NERVE-71:19
NERVE TO THE OBTURATOR INTERNUS ilUSCLE
PIRIFOR1IIS I3JSCLE~26:71
OBTURATOR INTERNUS :JJSCLE-26:72
SUPERIOR .MID INFERIOR GEtSLLI lIUSCLES-26:73,7<!r
QUADRATIC FE1IORIS I.IUSCLE-26: 75
.
, .
INISRIOR "XTRSMTV 107.
NERVE TO THE QdADRATUS FEJDEIS IIUSCLE
E::posed by detaching the tvro gemelli muscles at their
origins, cutting; the tendon of the obturator internus
at its e::it fro:n the lesser scir.tec foramen and re-
flecting these structures to-ard their insertions.
The following structures -.re demonstrated by detaching the
quadratus femoris rauscle at its origin and reflecting it
toward its insertion,
OBTURATOR EXTERNUS IIUSCLE-27:10
IIEDIAL FF.DRAL CIRCU'PLEX ARTERY-51:46 Terminal branches d.nly
b. Structures proximal and lateral to the piriformis muscle
GLUTAEUS I^DIUS :.!USCL_-.25: 68
NERVE TO THE TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE IIUSCLE
ASCENDING BRANCH OF THE LATERAL FEIORAL CIRCUI:FLEX :JJTERY-
51:51
The follovring structures ore exposed by separating the
glutaeus nedius rauscle from the glutaeus ininiinus muscle,
dividing the glutaeus nedius nuscle about 5 cm. proxiral
to the greater trochanter and reflecting the two parts
torrard their origin and insertion, respectively.
SUPERIOR GLUTEAL ARTERY-51:1
SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE-70 : 49
GLUTAEUS I.HNIIUu IUSCLE-2S:69
5. Structures exposed by the reflection of the glutasus in.inir.TUS
musclel
Demonstrated by detachin?; the elutaeus rdniimis n
origin :nd reflecting i.t to-.rc.rd its insertion.
ARTICULAR CAPSULE OF HIP-20:64
TEOCSAMTERIC BURSA OF GLUTAEUS IHNII.US !!USCLE-29:2
REFLECTED TENDON OF THE RECTUS FEIIORIS IIUSCLE
III. Popliteal Space
1. Surface anatomy
TENDON OF THE BICEPS FEHORIS
TENDONS OF'THE SE ETENDINOSUS AND
HOSCLES-27:14,15
TENDON. OF ADDUCTOR i:.T- T "US ' : IUSCLE-27:8
2PICONDYLES OF FEZ TO-' 3^.S,20
IHLJD O:^ ?IBULJ>.-16 : 54
COIIHON PEHOI\[EAL NEHVE-70:56
Fascia, superficial nerves and vessels
Skin incisions: :.) ?.cr-- v i j -,u''.inp.?.lv for about 20 cm. along the
middle line of the posterior region of the knee, extending
about 10 cm. distal and pro-v-.al to the line of the articulr.
\\?TH of the knse; b) transversely at eKoh end of the pre-
ceding incision,
'; EXTREMITY 108 -
SUPSKFICIAL ?:.?:: j>-23:3C
POSTERIOR FEIORAL CUTANEOUS NERVE- 70. -51 Terminal branches
only .
SHALL S/JHEBODS VEIF-56:!
FEH8ROFOPLITEAL VEIN- 56: 2
DEEP FASCIA-27:70
3. Popliteal space; large nerves and vessels
Exposed by making a longitudinal incision through the deep
fascia in the middle line of the popliteal space, reflecting
the fascia and demonstrating the structures irith a minivavm
of dissection.
TIBIAL HEriVE-70:68
CCO: ION PERONEAL HEHVE-70:56
POSTERIOR F~.iOR.-J, CUTANEOUS NEEVE-70:51
POPLITEAL ARTERY51:S3
Popliteal space medial jndle.terr.lboxrndr.ries
BICEPS ;iC
SE ;iTEIJDI:-IOSU? I iUSCLE-27 : 16
SEii;:E:iERAi!OS T JS IIUSCLE-27: 15
LATERAL HEAD OF GASTHOCFATiTU;?. IiUSCLIJ-27: 24
1ILDIAL HEAD OF GASTEOCHE.IIUS iIUSCLI>27:25
PLANT ARIS r iUSCLE-27 : 29
5. Contents of the popliteal spr-ce
aHerTCE
POSTERIOR FF.IORAL CUT IICOTJ^ Ui:irJT:-70:51
TIBIAL I-T53VE-70:68
MDSCfDLSa RA;I-70:69
iiEDIAL SURAL CUT PITEOUS N3RVE-71:2
Il'TjilOSSEOUS CPJJR/i IT2EVE-71:!
A?A 1 7.C T JL.:!2 RA'I TO TJFZE JOIJIT
COI'EiOF PSRONE/i HERVE-70:56
LAT^R/i SURAI- CTJT.JT30US FERVZ-70:58
PEI!01 T EAL AII.'STOIICTIC RAIUS-70:59
ARTICULAR R/>HI TO 1J5EE JOI1TT
A genicxrlar ramu^ of the obtruator nerve may be present.
b Blood vsssels r.ncl lymph r.t leg
POPLITE.'i ."RTERY-51:6 3
SUPERIOR LATERIAL GEHICULAS AT.T"?. Y- 51:56
MIDDLE G13KICULAR ARTERY-51:6S
INFERIOR LITERAL GEI^ICULAS ARTERY-51:S8
SURAL ARTERISS-51:S7
POPLITE.'L VEIFS-5S:d-
POFLITEAL LYIPE GLAJIDS-57:5
S. Floor of the popliteal spr.ce
POPLITEAL SURFACE OP FEMUR-16:15
OBLIQUE POPLITEAL LIGAIEHT-21:15
Associated fith it is the fascia of popliteus iauscT.'
II-TPT-LIOL. B3J .: : T_Y 109.
IV. Posterior Part of the Thigh
1. Fascia and cutaneous nerves
Skin incision: longitudinally through the slcin remaining
on the back of the thigh.
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA-23:36
POSTERIOR FE IDEAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-70:51 Teminc.l rani.
ANTERIOR FEI'IORAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-70.-42 Medial terminal
romi only.
CUTANEOUS RAMUS OF THE' OBTURATOR NERVE-70:39
DEEP FASCIA-27:49
2. Muscles
""BICEPS FE.10RIS :iUSCLE-27:ll
LONG HEAD-27:12
SHORT HEAD-27:13
SEIIIIEHBRAHOSUS 1IUS CLE-27 : 15
BURSA OF S2 r riEl!BR.^OSUS IIUSCLE-29 : 26
3. Nerves and blood vessels
POSTEROIR FEMORAL CUTAHEOUS ER7E-70:51
ISCHL'UDIC !!EHVE-70:54
!IDSCULAB RAi.n-70:55
FIRST PERFORATING ARTEHY-51:55
SECOFD PERFORATING ARTERY-51:55
THIRD PERFORATING ARTERY-51:56
PERFOMTINCr VEINS-55:73
FSIOROPOPLITEAL VEIN-56:8
_ V. Anterior Part of the Thigh
1. Surface anatomy
AlITERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPIWE-15:22
SYilPEYSIS PUBIS-20:59
INGUINAL LIG,VIEI>JT-25:41-
PUBLIC TUBERCLE-15:44
PUBLIC ARCH-15:54
INFERIOR Ri'JJUS OF THE PUBIS-15:49
IHFEEIOR RA'EJS OF THE ISCHIUiI-15:35
TUB3ROSITY OP THE ISCH!UM-15:36
GREATER TROCHAKTER OF THE FEMUR-16:2
PATELLA-16:59
IIEDIAL CONDYLE OF THE FE.IUR-16:16
LATERAL COBDYLE OF THE FEHJR-16:17
no -
2 . Regions in relation te the anteriot aspect of tho thigh
ANTERIOR 7F.:0<r.L EEGI01T-3'I-:16
STJBIFGUINAL FOSS A-84 : 17
LATERAL FEMORAL PJ3GIOU84:18
TROCHANTEP.TC F.F.G70K~84: 19
1IEDIAL FE'IORAL REGIO!T-{3A : 21
3. Fascia, superficial vessels , lynphatics and cutaneous nerves
a. Superficial fascia, blood vessels jC
Sl:in incisions: "') fro:.rthd~ciritori'or superior iliac spine
along the line of the inguinal ligament to the symphysis
pubis; b) fron the median end of (a.) distally, just lateral
to the scrotum o.nd along the medial aspect of the thigh for
a distance of 10 cm.; c) from the distal end of (b) exter-
iorly ?.nd transversely to the lateral aspect of the thigh;
d) from the end of incision (b) distr.lly to the medial con-
Gyle of the tibia; c) from the latter point anteriorly and
transversely to the lo.torc.l condyle of the tibia.
SUPERFICIAL FAS CIA-23 : 3 6
GIEAT SAFHEKOUS VEIN-55:66
SUPERFICIAL EPIGASTRIC YEIN-55:65
SUPERFICUL CIRCDl-iFLEX ILIAC VEIIJ-55:68
HLTEPJJAL PTTDKID/I, VEINS-55:6-i
SUPERFICIAL EPIGASTRIC ARTKRY-51:39
' SUPERFICIAL CIRCU1IFLEX ILIAC ARTERY-51:40
SXTZRITAL PTTD3SJITAL -ARTERIES-51:-1-1
SUPERFICIAL SUBIMGUIHAL LTiJPH GLTJTOS-BT : 3
b. Fossa ovalis
~ FOSSA' OVALiS-27: 65
H/LRGIH-27:66
SUPERIOR COROT-27:-67
I1-3FERIOR COPKU-27:66
FASCIA CRIEOSA-27:69S
Sorae of tho deep sub inguinal lyaph glands-57:i, may be
in relation to the fossa ovaiis.
Cutaneous nerves, superficial praepatellar bursae
"ILIOINGUIIIAL HEHTO-70 : 29
LUUBOINGUIITAL NERVE-70 : 3<i
LATERAL FEIIORAL CfDT.'JEOUS NERVE-70: 36
AJJTEEIOR FHiORAL CUTANEOUS NERVES -70 :^Z
IKFRAPATELLAR RAI.IUS OF THE SAPHENOUS NERVE-70 :45
CUTANEOUS RAHI OF THE OBTURATOR 1IER1 T E-70 : 39
BURSA PRA3PATELLARIS SUECUTAMEA-29 : 12
BURSA PRAEPATSLLAIilS SUBFASCIALIS- : 13
IBFEH'OP. EXTEKIITY I 11 -
d Deep fascia
FASCIA LATA-27 : 43
ILIOTIBIAL TRACT-??: 50
LATERAL INTERI [OSCULAR SEPTUM-27 : 51
3IEDIAL INTEP1IUSCULAR SEPTUII-27:52
Femoral sheath
Demonstrated by making an incision through the fascia lata
beginning at. the superior cornu of the falciform margin of
tho fossa ovalis and extending laterally to trithin about
2. en.. of the anterior superior iliac spine, reflecting the
fascial flc.p laterally and removing the subjacent fat and
deep subinguinal lymph glands; contents, exposed by a longi-
tudinal incision through the anterior v/all of each of the three
subdivisions or coupartsients of the sheath.
FEMORAL ARTERY-51 : 33
LU:30INGUINAL NERVE-70 : 31-
FEHORAL VEIN-55:61
FSHORAL CAKAL-27:62
The following structures are palpable by introducing
the little finger into the femoral canal,
FEIORAL RIHC 27:63
P3LI03AL SEPTK !-2 7 : 64
INGUINAL LIGAi!ENT-25:41
PELSOPuAL VEIN-55:S1
PUBIC BONE-15:40
FEIORAL HERNIA
S.FFcmoral trigone and its contents
Exposed by removing tho fascia late;, from the anterior aspect
of the proximal third of the thigh.
FE'iORAL TRIGONE-27 : 59
FASCIA ILIOPECTIHEA-27:5S
LACUNA I.IUOCULOEOiT-27:57
LACUNA VASORUI>2?:58
FE IORAL ARTERY-51 : 3C
SUPEEFICL\L EPIGASTRIC ARTERY-51: 39
SUPERFICIAL CIRCUMFLEX ILIAC ARTERY-51: 40
EXTERNAL PUDERDAL /iRTSRIES-51:41
INGUINAL HAin *51:44
' DEEP FU IORAL ARTSRY-51t45
1IEDIAL CIRCUTiPLEX FEIORAL ARTERY-51:46
LATERAL CIRCTOIFLEX FHIORAL ARTERY-51: 50
PEEJORAL VEIN-55:61
SUPERFICIAL EPIGASTRIC VBIN-56:65
SUPERFICIAL CIRCDIJPLEX ILIAC VEIH-55:68
EXTERNAL PUDENDAL 7EIWS-55t64
GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN-55:66
ACCESSOPY SAPEEKCUS VEIN-55:67
112
DEEP FE IDEAL VEINS-55:72
I.3DIAL CIRCU!IFLEX FEiIORAL VEINS-55:69
LATERAL CIRCUMFLEX FEIORA1 VEINS-55:70
LU!!BOINGUIWAL NERVE-70 : 34
LATERAL FEICHAL CUTANEOUS 1IERVE-70:36
FS.IORAL !.JE!!VI>70 :<:<;!
The following muscles are in relation to the floor and medial
and lateral boundaries, of the trigone:
ADDUCTOR LONGUS IIUSCLE-27:5
PECTINEUS }IUSCLE-27:4
ILIOPSOAS tIUSCLE-26:63
SARTORIUS I IUS ULE-2 6 : 76 -
FOSSA ILIOPECTIUEA-27:60
6 Adductor canal and its contents
ADDUCTOR CAWAL-27:53
Exposed by.malcing a longitiadinal incision through the
fascia lata remaining on the distal tvo-thirds of . the.
anterior aspect of the thigh and reflecting the fascial
flaps laterally and medially, but leaving intact the
iliotibial tract; contents demonstrated by a longitu-
dinal inci&ion through the fibrous anterior wall of the
canal.
FErlORAL ARTEBY-51 : 38
ART3RIA GEEU EUPRRIA-51:59
S APHENOTJS PAIFJS-5 1 : 61
HUSCUL.VR R.'I!I-51 : 60
ARTICULAR ffiiHI-51:62
FHIOPulL VEBT-35:611
SAPHWOUS NERVE-70:44
TENDINOUS ADDUCTOR][ OPEJTIKG-27:E4
7, Lfuscles of the front of the thigh
SARTORIUS liUSCLB-26:76
TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE !lUSCLE-26:70
ILIOTIBI-'i TR,1CT-27:50
LATERAL IlTTEEiKJSCULu'Ji SEPTUII OF THE THIGH-27:51
MEDIAL IKTERFroSCOLAE SEPTTOI OF THE THIGH-27:52
v QUADRICEPS FEIORIS I!USCLE-26:77
RECTUS FEIORI5 ;.rUSCLE-26:78 ' . .
BURS A OF RECTUS FfllORIS liaSCLE^-29:7
VASTDS LATERALIS MUSCLE-26:79
VASTUS IJEDL'ilS lID3CLE-27:2
V/JSTUS INTEEIEDIUS MUSCLE-27:1 ,
Exposed by making a transverse incision through the
middle of the rectus femoris nusclo and reflecting
the distal end.
XTRSi.ITY 113 '
ARTICULARIS GENU MUSCLE- 27:3
Exposed by making a longitudinal incision through
the vastuc s intermedius muscle.
COMMON TEUDOII C? TITE QUADRICEPS-SFEMORIS MUSCLE-26:77
HE-DIAL PATELL-'.R RETINACUIDli21:19
LATERAL PATELLA?. RET II-iACULUi 1-21:20
VI. Medial Side of the Thigh
1. Uuuolc.2, nerves and vessels
ADDUCTOR LONGUS :!USCLE-27:5
DEE? F2. r O?.:.L T,TSRY-51:45
EOTosed.lfy 'da'ia.ohirig the psetincus nusclo. at its or-
igin =d reflectpng it tor.rr.rd its insertion,
guc.rding, c.t the same tine, the anterior ramus of the
obturator nerve.
FIRST PERFORATING ARTERY-51:53
SUPERIOR I1UTRIE1IT ?SIOR;i ARTERY-51:54
3EC01T) PISFOH/iTING ARTERY-51:55
THIRD PERI-'OR,1TIUG ;JITSRY-51:5S
II-TFEP.IOR NUTRIENT Fn-iOPJi .'JJTERY-51:57
PECTIHEUS IIUSCLE-27:4:
PECTI1TEAL FASCL>27:61
IURSA OF PECTINEUS KUECLE :CX -2S : 1C
UEDI/iL CinCUIIFLEX FEMORAL /ARTERY-SI :46
Exposed by detaching the pectineus muscle at its or-
igin and reflecting it toward its insertion*
SUPERFICIAL RAMUS-51:47
DEEP RAMUS-51:48
ACETABULAR RA;.rUS-51:49
ADDUCTOR BREVIS MUSCLE-27:?
OBTURATOR NERVE-70:37
POSTERIOR RA!JS-70:40
E>rposed by detaching the adductor brevis muscle t
its origin and reflecting it toward its insertion-
ANTERIOR RAMUS-70:58
CUTANEOUS RA!.IUS-70:39
GRACILIS ;iUSCLE-27:6
PF.OPKR EUR3A OF SARTORIUS IIUSCLE-29:19
BURSA A1TSERINA-29:20
ADDUCTOR MINIMUS T.JSCLE-27:9
ADDUCTOR 1IA.GNUS LiUSClE-27_:8
TENDINOUS [ADDUCTORJ OPEN iNG-2 7:54
The following structures are demonstrated by detaching the
adductor minimus and magnus muscles at their origins and
reflecting the*n toward their insertions.
OBTURATOR EXTERNUS I!USCL-27:10
PSOAS 1-lAJOL TiJSCLE-26:65
ILIAC !IUSOLE-26:64
INFERIOR EXTREMITY
OBTURATOR ARTEP.Y--50 ; 64
Demonstrated by the removal of the obturator externus
musu]e bit by bit.
ANTERIOR RAMU3-50:6S
P GSTSR jiGR TJ, MUS - 50 : 67
ART3RY CF TFg ACSTABDLDM-50:G6'
VH. Hip Joint .
1. Structures in relation to the hip joint
remonstrated by severing the femoral artery, vein and nerve,
detaching the iliopsoas muscle at its insertion, dividing
the sartorius muscle near its origin and re-fleeting these
structures together with the tensor fasciae latae musc3.e and
exposing the capsule of the hip joint.
ILIOPECTINEaL fiijR3A-29:8
BURSA OF KECTUS FEMORIS MUSCLEXX>29 :7
SUBTEITDINOUS ILIAC BDRSA-29:9
AETICULA? CAPSULL-20:64
ILIOFEMCRAL LIGAMENT-20 : 69
ISCHIOCAPSULAR LIGAMENT -2 1 : 1
'.: PUBOCAPSULAR LIGA!ffiWT-21:2
ZONA CBBICOIAEIS-20:8
GLEITOID LIP-20:65
TRANSVERSE LIGAI-EKT OF ACSTABULDM-20:66
LIGAMENTUM TERES FfflORIS-20167
SYNOV IAL MEMBRANE -18:32
VIII. Leg and Foot
1. General Characteristics
a. Subdivisions of lep an^ font
LEG-5:54
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SDRFACES-5:55,56
CALF5:57
MEDIAL AND LATERAL MALLEOLI-5 :58,59
FOOT- 5: 60
TARSUS -5: SI
METATARSUS-5:82
DORSmi AND SOLE OF FOOT-5:63,64
MEDIAL AND LATERAL MARGINS -5 :65,66
HEEL-5.-67
DIGITS OF FOOT-5:68
HALLUX-5 : 69
DIGITS II-IV-5.-70
SI.1ALLE3T DIGIT-5:71
DORSAL AND PLANTAR SDRFACES-5:72,73
IffiDIAL AND LATERAL MARGINS -5: 74, 75
INFEP.TOP E7TRFMITY H5-
b. Surf ace anatomy
TOBEROSITY OF THE TIBIA-16:32
ANTERIOR CREST OF THE TI3IA-16:37
MEDIAL MARGIN 0? THE TIBIA-16:36
MEDIAL SURFACE OF :!!% !TIBIA-16:33
LATERAL MALLEOLU? -16:57
MEDIAL MALLEOLUS-16:40
TUBEROSITY OF T*3E NAVICDLAR-17:23
TDBEROSITY OF THE FIFTH I.IETATARSAL BONE-17:36
c. Regions
ANTERIOR CRURAL REGION-84 r26
POSTERIOR CRURAL EEGION-84:27
SUEAL R2GION-84.-28
LATERAL AND MEDIAL CRURAL REGIONS-84:29,30
LATERAL MAI.LEOLAR REGION-84:31
MEDIAL MALLEOLAR REGION-84:32
LATERAL AND MEDIAL FETROMALLEOLAR REGIONS-84:33,34
CALCANEAL REGION-84:35
DORSAL AND PLANT/.R REGIONS OF FOOT-84:36,37
DIGITAL REGIONS OF FOOT-84:38
DORSAL DIGITAL REGION8-84:39
UNGUICULAR R2C-IONS-84:40
PLANTAR DIGITAL REGIONS OF FOOT -84: 41
2. Anterior region of leg and dor sum of foot
a. Superficial fascia, cutaneous nerves and veins
Skin incisions; a) longitudinally -"along the median line of
the leg and dorsuzn of the foot to the base of the middle
toe; b) transversely across the ankle; c) transversely across
the dor sum of the foot at the bases of the toes; d) a
medial longitudinal incision along the dorsal surface of
each digit.
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA-23:36
DORSAL DIGITAL VEINS OF FOOT-56:15
INTERCAPITULAR VEINS-56:!!
COMMON DIGITAL VEINS OF FOOT-56:9
DORSAL VENOUS ARCH OF FOOT-56.-8
DORSAL CUTANEOUS VENOUS NETWORK OF FOOT -56: 7
SMALL SAPBENOUS VEIN-56:! Origin only.
GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN-55:66 Origin only.
SAPHENOUS NERVE-70:44
MEDIAL CUTANEOUS RAMI OF LEG-70":46
LATERAL SURAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-70:58 Terminal rami only,
SUPERFICIAL PERONEAL NERVE-70:60
DEEP PEROIffiAL NEP^7E-70:65 Terminal rami only.
DORSAL DIGITAL HERVES-?0:64
LATERAL DORSAL CUTANEOUS KERVE-71:5
INFERIOR EXTREMITY 116,
b-Deep .fascia
DEEP FASOlT OF THE LEC-27:70
TRANSVERSE CRURAL LIGA!GNT-27:73
DORSAL FASCIA 0? FCOT-CS:!
CRUCIATE LIC-A1-I3NT OF' TR3 LEG-27':75
SUPERIOR PERCNEAL RETlNACULUM-27:76
INFERIOR PEROHEAL REHNACULUM-27:77
ANTERIOR FIBULAR SEPTUM-27:7I
POSTERIOR FIBULAR SEPTUM-27:72
c. Muscles in the anterior region of leg
Exposed oy making a longitudinal incision through the deep
fascia en the front of the leg, extending from the knee to
ths transverse crural ligament and reflecting the deep
fascia, but retaining intact the transverse and cruciate
crur a 1 ligaments .
TIBIALI3 ANTERIOR MUSCLE-27:16
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS MUSCLE-27:177
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS MUSCLE-27:19
PERONEUS TERTIU3 MUSCLE-27:18
.VAGINA TENDINIS MUPCULI TIBIALIS ANTERIORIS-29:29
VAGINA TENDINIS MU3CULI EXTENSORIS HALLUCIS LONGUS-29:30
VAGINA TENDINIS MUSCULI EXTENSORIS DIGITORUM PEDIS LONGI-
29:31
d.Arteries
ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY-52:!
Exposed by separating the extensor digitorum longus
from the tibialis anterior muscle.
ANTERIOR TIBIAL RECURRENT ARTERY-52 :3 Origin only.'
LATERAL ANTERIOR MALLEOLAR ARTERY-52 :4
MEDIAL ANTERIOR MALLEOLAR ARTERY-52 :5
MEDIAL MALLEOLAR NETWORK-52:6
LATERAL MALLEOLAR NET170RK-52:?
PERFORATING RAMUS OF THE PERONEAL ARTERY-52: 20 Termination
only.
DORSAL ARTERY OF FOOT-52 : 8
LATERAL TARSAL ARTERY-52: 9
MEDIAL TARSAL ARTERIES -52 -.10
ARCUATE ARTERY-52: 11
DORSAL NETWORK OF FOOT -52: 12
DORSAL METATARSAL ARTERIES-52 :13
DORSAL DIGITAL ARTERIES -52: 14
DEEP PLANTAR RAMUS-52:15
e. Nerves
DEEP PERONEAL NERVE-70:65
MUSCULAR RAMI-70:66
DORSAL DIGITAL NERVES TO LATERAL SURFACE OF HALLUX
AND TO MEDIAL SURFACE OF DIGIT 11-70:67
SUPERFICIAL PERONEAL NERVE-70-.60
MUSCULAR RAMI-70:61
EEDIAL DORSAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-70:62
INTERMEDIATE DORSAL CUTANEOUS NERVE-70:63
DORSAL DIGITAL NERVES OF THE FOOT-70:64
INFERIOR ^xr^iiTY 117<
f. Muscles of the dor sum of the foot
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS BHZVIS MUSCLE-27 : 34
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM EREVIS MUSCLE-27: 35
Exposed by dividing the tendons of the muscles on the
front of the leg at the level of the transverse cru-
ciate ligament and reflecting the tendons toward their
insertion.
DORSAL INTEROSSEOUS MUSCLES-27:47
Demonstrated by dividing the tendons of the extensor
digitorum brevis muscle and reflecting the muscle
toward its origin; completing, at the same time, the
exposure of the lateral tarsal artery, arcuate artery,
and terminal rami of the dagip peroneal artery.
> !
3. Lateral or peroneal region of leg
a. Deep fascia and muscles
'^ANTERIOR FIBULAE UTERi-iUSCULAE SEPTUM-27:71
Demonstrated by making a longitudinal incision through
the deep fascia of this region and reflecting the
fascia, retaining intact, however, the peroneal retin-
acula.
POSTERIOR FIBULAE IHTEEMOSCULAR SEPTUM-27:72
PERONEDS LONGUS MUSCLE-2?:20
PERONEUS BREVIS MUSCLE-27: 21
SUPERIOR RETINACULUM OF THE PERONEAL MUSCLES-27:76
INFERIOR RETMACULUM OF THE PERONEAL MUSCLES-27.-77
COMMON SHEATH OF TENDONS OF THE PERONEAL MUSCLES-29.-35
SUBCUTANEOUS BURSA OF THE LATERAL MALLEOLUS-29:27
b. Nerve s
COMMON PERONEAL SERVE-70-.56
SUPERFICIAL PERONEAL MEEVE-70.-SO
MUSCULAR RA!.!I-70:61
DEEP PERONEAL KERVE-70:65
4 Medial region of leg
GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN-55:66
SAPHENOUS NERVE -70:44
INFRAPATELLAR RAMUS-70:45
MEDIAL CUTANEOUS RAMI OF LEG-71:46
TENDONS OF INSERTION OF THE SARTOR IUS,GRACILIS AND SEMI-
TEND INOSUS MUSCLES.
TIBIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT OF KNEE JOINT-21-.14
MEDIAL INFERIOR GENICULAR /.RTERY-51i;69
5 Posterior region of leg and heel
a. Fascia, superficial veins and cutaneous nerves
Skin incisions: a) longitudinally in the middle line of the
leg from the popliteal space to the heel; b) transversely at
the distal end of (a) and extending 5 cm. along the medial
and lateral margins of the foot.
SHALL SAPHENOUS VSIN-56:!
GREAT SAPEEiroUS VSIK-55:66
SURAL NEHVE-71:3
MEDIAL SURAL CUTANEOUS NEEVE-71:2
PERONEAL ANAST01-TCTIC 3A!.EJS-70:59
LATERAL SUPAL CUTANZCUS IIE3VE-70: 58
POSTEHIOPu FF:'IO?,VL C'J^/HEOUS ITERVS-70 : 51
MEDIAL CRURAL CUTANEOUS RA1II OF THE SAPHENOUS NERVE-70:46
ANTERIOR FEKORAL CUTANEOUS NERVES -70: 42 Medial terminal
rami orly.
DEEP FA3CIA-27:74
LACINIATE LIGAliENT-27 : 74
b. Muscles; superficial group
Exposed" by~ dividing" tHe^cteep fascir. in the median line from
the popliteal fossa to the hoel and reflecting the fascia,
but retaining intact the lacinate ligament.
TRICEPS JRJSCLE OF THE CALF-27:22
GASTROCNErllUG MOSCLE-27 : 22
LaiSlAL HEAD-27:24
MEDIAL HE,'vD--27:25
LATERAL BURSA OF GASTROCNE IIUS !iUSCLE-29 : 24
iiEDIAL SURSA OF GASTROCNEUIUS IIUSCLE-29:25
SOLEUS l?JSCLE-27:26
Expoqocl by detaching the gastrocnemius ?.t its c.ttrLch-
ment to the calcaneal tendon and reflecting it
proxinally.
TENDINOUS .'JJCH 0? THE SOLEUS lTOSCLE-27:27
PLAKTARIS 1TUSCLE-27 : 29
CALCANE/iL TE1TDON (OF ACHILLES)-27:28
SUBCUTAIJjSCUS CALCANE.IL BURSA-28:2S
BURSA OF CALCAHEAL TENDOH-2&:40
Demonstrated by dividing the calcaneal tendon
a few centimeters from its insertion and reflecting
tho tendon.
c. Muscles: deep group
Structures exposed by detaching the soleus muscle ct its or-
igin from the tibia, separating it fron the tendinous r.rch,
reflecting the muscle laterally, :&& making a longitudinal
incision through the deep transverse fascia or septun be-
tween the superficial and deep group of muscles of the back
of the leg.
POPLITEUS HOSCLE-27:SO
BURSA OF POPLITEUS IJUSCLE-29:22
FLEXOR DIGITORIUH LONGUS MUSCLS-27:32
SHEATH OF TENDONS OF FLEXOR DIGITORUH LOKGUS l!USCLE-29:32
TIBL"-LIS POSTERIOR IIUSCLE-27: 31
SHEATH OF TENDON OF TIBL'ilS POSTERIOR HDS CLE-29 : 33
FLEXOR HALLUCIS LOHGUS ;IUSCLE-27:3S
SHRITH OF TENDON OF FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS M08CLE-29:34
d./irteries
POPLITlL'i ARTERY-51:63 Termination only.
ANTERIOR TIBIAL /^TERY-52:1 Origin only.
POSTERIOR TIBIAL RECURRENT ARTISY-52:2
INK21IGR 3XTREMITY 119.
ANTERIOR TIBIAL LYMPH GLAND-57:6
POSTERIOH TIBIAL AHTERY-52:16
FI3ULAR RAMUS-52:17
PERONSAL ARTERY-52:18
mTRIEiI? AP.TERY OF THE FIBUIA-52:19
PIJPfCEATINO RAMU3-52:20
CCTlUjTlCATZ'G RAMUS-62 :21
LATERAL POSTERIOR MALLEOLAR ARTERY-52-.22
LaT3RAL CALCANEAL RAMI-52:23
NUTRIENT ARTERY OF THE TIBIA -52: 24
MEDIAL POSTERIOR MALLEOLAR ARTERY-52:25
MEDIAL CALCA1TEAL RAMI-52:26
NETWORK OF HEEL-52:27
e. Nerves
"TIBIAL KERV2-70:G8
M03CULAR RA.MI-70:69
INTF.ROSSEOUS NERVE OF LEG-71:!
Mp:DIAL SURAL CUTANEOUS NEP.VE-71:2
SDRAL NERVE-71:3
f.Laciniate ligament -2 7; 74
6. Plantar rpgion of the foot
a. Fascia and superficial veins
~STih incisions: a) "longitudinally along the middle line of
the sole; "b) transversely across the sole at the clefts of
the toes; c) longitudinally along the middle line of each
toe.
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA -23: 36
DIGITAL PLANTAR VEINS-56:16
PLANTAR VENOUS ARCH-56:13
INTERCAPITULAR VEINS-56:!!
PLANTAR VENOUS NETWORK-56 : 12
MEDIAL CALCANEAL RAMI OF THE TIBIAL NERVE-71:6
PLANTAR APONEUROSI 5-28:2
TRANSVERSE FAS ICULI-28 : 3
btuaoleay auperficlal. layer
ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS MUSCLE-27:36
FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS MUSCLE-27:44
VAGINAL LIGAMENT-28:6
ANNULAR LIGAMSUT-28:5
CRUCIATE LIGAMEST-28.-7
DIGITAL SHEATHS OF TENDONS OF FOOT-29:44
ABDUCTOR DIG IT I QUINTI MUSCLE-27:41
c. Plantar arteries
Exposed by detaching the preceding muscles at their origins
and reflecting them toward their insertions (noting at the
same time their nerve supply).
MEDIAL PLANTAR ARTERY-52:28
SUPERFICIAL RAMUS-52:30
DEEP RAMUS-52:29
LATERAL PLANTAR ARTERY-52:31
INFERIOR EX r ?E?-IITY 12 -
d. Plantar Nerves
MEDIAL PLANTAR NEHVE-71:?
COMMON DIGITAL PLANTAR NERVES -71: 8
PROPER DIGITAL PL/.NTAR NERVES-71:9
LATERAL PLANTAR NERVE-71:10
SUPERF 1C IAL, EAIvIUS -71:11
COMMON DIGITAL PLANTAR NERVES-71:12
PROPER DIGITAL PLANTAR NERVES-71:13
e. Muscles; second layer of muscles and tendons
TENDONS OF THE FLElcOH DIGITORUM LONGUS MUSCLE-27:32
QUADRAT US PLANTAE MUSCLE-27:45
LUMBR ICALES HUS C LES -2 7 : 46
BURSAE OF LUMEH ICALES MUSCLES-29:43
TENDON OF THE FLEXOR K2.LLUCIS LONGUS MUSCLE-27:33
f. Muscles; third layer
Exposed by" dividing the tendons of the flexor digitorum
longus and flexor hallucis longus muscles, the heads of the
quadratus plantae muscle, and the plantar vessels and nerves
near the os calcaneum and reflecting these structures distally
(noting at the same time the nerve supply to the lumbricales
muscles) .
FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS MUSCLE-27:37
ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS MU3CL3-27:38
OBLIQUE HEAD--27:39
TRANSVERSE HE/;D-27:40
FLEXOR DIGITI QUINTI BREVIS MUSCLE-27.-42
OPPOKSNS DIGITI QUINTI !.!USCLE-27:4S
g. Plantar arch and deep division of the lateral plantar nerve
Demonstrated \>y deta'ching the flexor hallucis brevis muscle
and the oblique head of the adductor hallucis muscle at their
origins and reflecting them distally (identifying at the
same time the nerve supply of the latter muscle).
PLANTAR ARCH- 52: 32
PLANTAR METATARSAL ARTERIES-52 : 33
PERFORATING RAMI-52:34
DIGITAL PLANTAR ARTERIES-52 : 35
DEEP BRANCH OF LATERAL PLANTAR NERVE-71:14
hInterosseous muse les and deep tendons
"'TRANSVERSE LIGAI-ffiN'JT OF THE HEADS OF THE METATARSAL BONES-
22:21
PLANTAR INTEROSSEOUS MUSCLES -2 7-. 4 8
DORSAL INTEROSSEOUS MUSCLES-27:47
TENDON OF TIBIALIS POSTERIOR MUSCLE-27:31
TENDON OF PERONEUS LONGUS MUSCLE-27-:-20
PLANTAR SHEATH OF TENDON OF PERONEUS LONGUS MUSCLE-
29:41
7. Articulations of the leg and foot
a. KNEE JOINI-21.-3
ARTICULAR CAPSULE-21:4
FIBULAR COLL/.TERAL LIGAIffiNT-21: 13
INFERIOR EXTREMITY . 121.
TIBIAL COLLATERAL LIGAM3NT-21: 14
OBLIQUE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT -21:16
ARCUATE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT -2 1:16
LIGAMENT OF THE PATELLA-21: 18
MEDIAL PATELLAR RET IWJULDM-2 1:19
LATERAL PATELLAR Fl,TniACULUM-21:20
The following structures may be exposed by making a longitu-
dinal incision or. either side of the patella and patellar
ligament, dividing the quadriceps extensor muscle about 8
cm. above the patella, and reflecting the patella and common
extensor tendon die-tally.
PATELLAR SYNOVIAL FOLD-21:!!
DEEP INFRAPATELLAR BURSA-29:17 \
LATERAL MENISCU3-21:5
MEDIAL MENISCUS~21:6
TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT OF THE KNEE-21: 7
CRUCIATE LIGAMEUTS OF THE KNEE-21: 8
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT-21:9
POSTEROIP. CRUCIATE LIO/JB5HT-21 : 10
SYNOVIAL MEMBRA3IE-18:32
b .Ankle jcir.t -2 1_; 29
"ARTICULAR CAFSuHT-2 1 : so
DELTOID LIGAI.ffiNT2i:31
TIBIONAVICULAR '.LIGAMENT -21 :32
CALCAKEGTIElil, .&eG*E3W?-21 : S3
ANTERIOR TALOTIBIAL LIGAMENT -2 1:34
POSTERIOR TALCTIBIAL LIGAMENT -2 1:35
ANTERIOR TALQFIBULAR LIGAMENT -2 1 : 36
POSTERIOR TALOFIBULAR LIGAMENT -2 1:37
CALCANEOFIBULAR LIG/J[ENT-21:38
SYNOVIAL HEMBRAB-18:52
c.Tibiof ibular joints
TIBIOF1BULAR ARTICDL/iTION-2 1:21 .
ARTICUUR CAPSULE-21:22
LIGAJEHTS OF THE HEAD OF THE FIBULA -2 1:23
INTER OSSEOUS MEMBRANE-2 1 : 24
TIBIOFIEULAR SYNDESMOSIS-21 : 25
ANTERIOR LIGAMENT OF THE LATERAL MALLEOLUS-21 : 26
POSTERIOR LIGAMENT OF THE LATERAL MALLEOLUS-21: 27
d. Inter tar sal Artie ul.ations-21 :39
ARTICULAT
ART ICULAR CAPSUIE-2 1 : 42
LATER^XL TALOCALCANE/vL I,IG/lffilIT-21:43
MEDIAL TALOCALCANEAL LIGAIvIENT-21 :44
ANTERIOR TALOCALCANEAL LIGA?.ffil1T-21 :45
POSTERIOR TALOCALC^NE/.L LIGAJ-1ENT-21:46
TALOCALCAHEOHAV ICUL^R ART ICULAT I ON-2 1 : 40
DORSAL TALONAVICULAR LIGAMENT-21:58
ARTICULAR CAPSULE OF THE TALONAVICULAR PART OF THE
JOINT-21:49
The exanination of the articulation may be completed
by severing the ligaments holding the talus in place
and removing the talus.
INTEROSSEOUS TALOCALCANEAL LIGAMENT -2 1:54
INFERIOR EXTREKITY
122
PLANTAR CALCANEONAVICUL/'-R LIGAMENT-2 1 : 70
CALCANSONAVICULAR PART OF THE BIFURCATE LIGAMENT-2 1:62
DORSAL CALOANEO:iAVICULAR LIGAMENT -2 1:64
CHOPART'S TRANSVERSE ARTICULATION OF THE TARSUS-21;47
TALONAVICULAR ARTICULATION-21 :48
Note that tnis is a part of the talocalcaneonavicu-
lar articulation; attention has already been direct-
ed to its articular capsule in connection -with the
talocalcaneonavicular articulation*
CALCANECCUEOID ARTICULATION-21 : 50
ART ICULAR CAPSULE-2 1:51
PLANTAR CALCANEOCUBOID LIGAMENT-2 1:69
LONG PLANTAR LIGAMENT -2 1:67
Not confined entirely to this articulation.
CUNEONAVICULAR ARTICULATION-21: 52
DORSAL NAVICULAR CUNEIFORM LIGAMENTS -2 1 : 65
PLANTAR NAVICULAR CUNEIFORM LIGAMENTS-22 :2
LIGAMENTS CONNECTING THE CUBOID, NAVICULAR AND CUNEIFORM
BONES;
DORSAL CUBOIDEONAVICULAR LIGAMENT -2 1:60
DORSAL CUNEOCUBOID LIGAMENT -2 1:59
PLANTAR CUBOIDEONAVICULAR LIGAMENT-22:3
PLANTAR CUNEOCUBOID LIGAMENT -22: 5
PLANTAR INTERCUNEIFORM LIGAJjENTS-22:4
IKTEROSSEOUS CUNEOCUBOID LICJAMEBT-21:55
INTEROSSEOUS INTERCUNEIFORM LIGA'ffiNTS-21:56
e.Tarsometatarsal articulations-22:6
ARTICULAR CAPSULES-22 :7
DORSAL TARSAMETATARSAL LIGAMEWTS-22 :8
PLANTAR TARSOMETATARSAL LIGATffiNTS-22:9
INTER OSSEOUS CDNBOfffiTAIARSAL LIG/JENTS-22: 10
f .Intermotatarsal articulations-22 :11
~ ARTICUL,\R CAPSULES-22 : 12
DORSAL LIGAlfflSNTS OF THE BASES OF THE METATARSAL BONES-
22:14
PLANTAR LIGAMENTS OF THE BASES OF THE METATARSAL B9NES-22:15
INTEROSSEOUS LIGAMENTS OF THE BASES OF THE METATARSAL
BONES-22:13
INTEROSSEOUS SPACES OF METATARSUS-22 : 16
g.Me ta tar sophalangeal articulations-22: 17
ARTICULAR' CAPSULES-22 : is
COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS-22 : 19
PLASTAR ACCESSORY LIGATffiNTS-22:20
TRANSVERSE LIGAMENTS OF THE HEADS OF THE METATARSAL BONES-
22:21
h.Articulations of the toes-22:22
ARTICULAR CAPSULES -22: 23
COLLATERAL LIGA!ffiNTS-22 : 24
Part Two
SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY
Part Tv?o
Systematic
1 N M I N A
ANATOMICA
2 TERMINI. SI TUM ET DIRECTIONEM PARTIUL! CORPORIS INDICANTES
4 Verticalis
5 Horiaontalis
6 Medianus
7 Sagittalis
8 Frontalis
9 Transversalis
10 Medialis
.11 Internedius
12 Lateralis
3 Termini p.enerales
13 Anterior
14 Me di us
15 Posterior
16 Ventralis
17 Dorsalis
18 Internus
19 Externus
20 Dexter
21 Sinister
22 Longitudinal is
23 Trans versus
24 Cranialie
25 Rostralis x
26 Caudalis
27 Superior
28 Inferior
29 Superficialis fsublimisj
30 Profundus
31 Termini ad extreraitates suectantes
32 Proxiicalis
33 Distalis
34 Radialis
35 Ulnaris
36 Tibialis
37 Fibularis
* The following arrangement of terns is based on that of the B N A system
as published by His in the Archiv fttr Anatoznie und Entwicklungsgeschichte,
Supplemental Band, 1895.
All of the terms have been left in their original Latin fern. Certain obvious
errors in the original lists (cf. also Sycleshyner's Anatomical Names, p. 2,
1917} have been corrected as follows:
p. 20, Nos. 34, 35 corrected to read Ligg. instead of Lig.
p. 23, Nos, 55, 56, 57 corrected to read MM. instead of M.
p. 25, No. 49
p. 29, No. 4
p. 34, No. 65
p. 53, No. 74, 75, 76
p. 55, No. 71
p. 68, No. 65,
n
n
-"
I Spe
n
ft
n
"obt
it
IT
t
fib
n
t
rt
Vv.
n
n
n
V.
n
n
n
Nn.
{S pi gel
obturatoris " " obturatorii
" fibrosus
" V.
Vv
N.
!1
n
n
For the significance of brackets and asterisks see footnote, Part 1, page
1. The prefixed numerals in Part II merely indicate the serial position of
each term for cross reference purposes.
"
ANATOMICAL TERMS
1 TERI.IINI GENERALES
2 Accessorius
3 Acinus
4 Aditus
5 Ala
6 Alveolus
7 Ampulla
8 Anguluc
9 Ansa
10 Antrum
11 Apertura
12 Apex
13 Appendix
14 Arc us
15 Area
16 Basis
17 Brae hi urn
18 Canaliculus
19 Canalis
20 Capsula
21 Caput
22 Capitulura
23 Cartilage
24 Caruncula
2 5 Cauda
26 Caverna
27 Cavum
28 Cellula
29 Circulus
30 Cisterna
31 Collum
32 Colunna
33 Commissura
34 Cornu
35 Corona
36 Corpus
37 Corpusculum
38 Crista
39 Crus
40 Decussatio
41 Dorsum
42 Ductulus
43 Ductus
44 Eminentia
45 Endothelium
46 Epithelium
47 Extremitas
48 Facies
49 Fascia
50 Fasciculus
51 Fibra
52 Fibrocartilago
53 Filum
54 Fissura
55 Flexura
56 Folium
57 Folliculus
58 Foramen
59 Fornatio
60 Fornix
61 F^ssa
62 Fossula
63 Fovea
64 Foveola
65 Frenulum
66 Fund us
67 Funiculus
68 Geniculum
69 Genu
70 Gland ula
71 Glomerulue
72 Glomus
73 Mil us
74 Humor
75 Junctura
76 Impressio
77 Incisura
78 Infundibulum
79 Intestintim
80 Isthmus
81 Labium
82 Lacuna
83 Lamina
84 Latus
85 Ligament urn
86 Limbus
87 Limen
88 Linea
89 Liquor
90 Lobulus
91 Lobus
92 fee ula
93 Mar go
94 Kassa
95 Meatus
96 Medulla
97 Membrana
98 Merabrum
99 Mucus
100 Musculus
GENERAL ANATOMICAL TERMS
1 Nervfis
2 Nodulus
3 Nucleus
4 Organon
5 Orificium
6 Os Torie 1
7 Os *ossisj
8 Ostiura
9 Papilla
10 Parenchyma
11 Paries
12 Perichondrium
13 Periosteum
14 Plexus
15 Plica
16 Polus
17 Processue
18 Prorainentia
19 Punctum
20 Radix
21 Ramulus
22 Ramus
23 Raphe
24 Recessus
\
25 Regie
26 Rete
27 Riaa
28 Rundimentum
29 Septulum
30 Septum
31 Sinus
32 Spatium
33 Spina
34 Stratum
35 Stria
36 Stronia
37 Substantia
38 Succus
39 Sulcus
40 Taenia
41 Tegicon
42 Tela
43 Tela conjunctiva
44 Tela elastica
45 Torus
46 Trabecula
47 Tractus
43 Trigonum
49 Trochlea
50 Truncus
51 Tuber
52 Tuberculum
53 Tubulue
54 Tunica
55 Tunica propria
56 Umbo
57 Uvula
58 Vagina
59 Vallecula
60 Vallum
61 Valvula
62'. Vas
63 % Velum
64 Vertex
65 Vesica
66 Vesicula
67 Vestibulum
68 Villus
69 Viscus viscera^
70 Vortex
71 Zona
.
'
1 PARTSS COBPORIS HUMANI
4.
2 Caput
3 Collum
8 Vetex
9 Sinciput
10 Frons
11 Occiput
16 v, u 1 u 8
17 Paplebra superior
18 Palpebra inferior
19 Rica palpebrarum
20 Bulbus oculi
21 Supercilium
22 Sulcus infrapalpebralis
23 N a s u s
24- Dorsum nasi
25 Apex nasi
26 Ala nasi
6 CAPUT
7 Cranium
15 Facies
39 COLLUM
40 Cervix
41 Larynx
42 Prominentia laryngea
47 Thorax
48 Cavum thoracis
49 Pectus
50 Mamma
51 Papilla mammae
56 Cavuia abdoininis
57 Scrobiculus cordis
58 Umbilicus
46 TRUNCUS
55 Abdomen
4 Truncus
5 Extremitatea
12 Tempora
13 Auris
14 Auricula
27 s
28 Sulcus nasolabialis
29 Philtrum
30 Labiuin superius
31 Labium inferius
32 Rima oris
33 Cavum oris
34 Lingua
35 Fauces
36 Bucca I3ala
37 Sulcus mentolabialis
38 1'entum
43 Pharynx
44 Trachea
45 Oesophagus
52 Dorsum
53 Columna vertebralis
54 Canalis spinalis
59 Latus
60 Lumbus
61 Inguen
Parts of the Hunan Body
5.
2
3
4
5
10
13
14
19
20
21
22
50
51
1 Pelvis
Cavum pelvis
Mons pubis
Coxa
Nates {Clunes _
9 EXTREMITAS
Axilla
11 Plica axillaris anterior
12 Plica axillaris posterior
Acromion
Brachium
15 Facies anterior
16 Facies posterior
17 Facies lateralis
18 Facies medialis
Sulcus bicipitalis lateralis
Sulcus bicipitalis medialis
Cubitus
Antibrachium
23 Facies dorsalis
24 Facies volaris
25 Margo radialis
26 Margo ulnaris
8
Anus
7 Crena ani
Perineum
SUPERIOR
27 Manus
28 Carpus
29 Metacarpus
30
31
32
33
34
Femur
46 Facies anterior
4? Facies posterior
48 Facies lateralis
49 Facies medialis
Sulcus glutaeus
Genu
Poples
Patella
44 EXTREMITAS INFERIOR
52
53
Crus
55
56
57
58
59
Pee
Facies anterior
Facies posterior
Sura
Malleolus lateralis
Malleolus roedialis
Dor sura manus
Vola manus Palm
Thenar
Hypothenar
Digit! manus
VAgJkVJb WHfcHW _
35 Pollex fDigitue I J
36 Index f " III
37 Digitus medius tj)igitu8 III';
38 Digitus annularieC
39 Digitus minimus L ?
40 Facies dorsales.
41 Facies volares
42 Margines radiales
43 Kargines ulnares
61 Tarsus
62 Metatarsus
63 Dorsum pedis
64 Planta
65 Margo pedis lateralis
66 Margo pedis medialis
67 Calx
68 Digiti pedis
69 Hallux fDigitus Ij
70 Digiti II-IV ^
71 Digitus minimus {[Digitus Vj
72 Facies dorsales
73 Facies plantares
74 Margines laterales
75 Margines mediales
'. ' ' :
' ' = '
' -. - -
' :.
- '
- ? - . ' - . '
; .
. .
- - ' .
-
'.
JOT*
1 OSTSOLOGIA
2
3
4
5
6
7
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
Os Ion gun
Os breve
Og planutn
Os pneumaticum
Epiphysis
Diaphysis
8 Synchondrosis epiphyseos* 14 Cavum medullare
9 Apophysis 15
10 Faciee articularis 16
11 Substantia compacta 17
12 Substantia corticalis 18
13 Sybstantia spongiosa 19
Medulla ossiun
Medulla ossium flava
Medulla ossiuo rubra
Foramen nutriciua
Canalis nutricius
21 COLUMNA.
Vertebrae cervicales
Vertebrae thoracales
Vertebrae lumbales
Vertebrae sacrales
Vertebrae coccygeae
Corpus vertebrae
Fovea costalis superior
Fovea costalis inferior
Canalis vertebralis
Foramen vertebrale
Arcus vertebrae
Radix arcus vertebrae
Incisura vertebralis superior
Incisura vertebralis inferior
Foramen .intervertebrale
Sulcus n. spinalis
Processus spinosus
Vertebra promineng
Processus transversus
Fovea costalis transversalis
Tuberculum anterius j^vertebrarum
cervicaliumj
VSRTBBRALIS f
42 Tuberculum caro tic urn ^vertebrae
cervicalis Vl$
43 Foramen transversarium
44 Tuberculum posterius vertebrarum
cervicaliumj
45 Processus articulares superiores
46 Facies articulares superiores
47 Processus articulares inferiores
48 Facies articulares inferiores
49 Processus costarius
50 Procescus accessorius ^vertebrarum
lumbaliucf}
51 Processus rtanmillaris
52 Atlas
53 Massa lateralis
54 Arcus anterior
55 Tuberculun anterius
56 Foveae articulares superiores
57 Facies articulares inferiores
58 Favea dent is
59 Fovea posterior
60 Sulcus arteriae vertebralis
61 Tuberculum posterius
. ....:
' .
: . .
Osteology
7.
1 Epistcopheus
2 Dens
3 Fades articularis anterior
4 Facies articularis posterior
5 Os sacrum
Facies dorsalis
Facies pelvina
Basis oss. sacri
Processus articularis superior
Promontorium
Pars lateralis
Facies auricularis
Tuberositas sacralis
Foramina intervertebralia
Foramina sacralia anteriora
Lineae transversae
Foramina sacralia posteriora
Crista sacralis media
Cristae sacrales laterales
Cristae sacrales articulares
Cornua sacralia
Canal is sacralis
Hiatus sacralis
Apex oss. sacri
25 Os coccygig
Cornua coccygea
27 THORAX
28 Cc.dtft^
Costae verae
Costae spuriae
Os costalo
Cartilage costalis
Capituluni costae
Facies articularis capituli costae
Crista capituli
Corpus costae
Tuber culum costae
Facies articularis tuberculi costae
39 Coll urn costae
40 Crista colli costae
41 Angulus costae _. -*
42 Tuberculun scaleni IJLdBfrancij
43 Sulcus subclaviae
44 Tuberositas costae II
45 Sulcus costae
46 Sternum
47 Manubrium sterni
48 Angulus sterni
49 Synchondrosis sternalis
50 Corpus sterni
51 Planum sternale
52 Processus xiphoideus
53 Incisura clavicularis
54 Incisura jugularis
55 Incisurae costales
56 (Ossa suprasternalis)
57 Thorax
58 Cavura thoracis
59 Apertura thoracis superior
60 Apertura thoracis inferior
61 Arc us costarum
62 Spatia intercostalia
63 Angulus infrasternalis
64 Sulcus pulmonalis
65 OSSA CRANII
66 Os Basilare
67 Os occipitale
68 J Foramen occipitale magnum
69 Pars basilaris
70 Sulcus petrosus inferior
71 Pars lateralis
72 Squama occipitalis
73 Margo nastoideus
74 Margo lambdoideus
75 (Os interparietale)
- ,
. . . . .:
.- . :
:
' .
.
Osteology
"'1 Clivus
2 Tuberculum pharyngeum
3 Condylus occipitalis
4 Caralis condyloideus
5 Canalis hypoglossi
6 Tuberculum jugulare
7 Incisura jugularie
8 Processus jugularis
9 Fossa condyloidea
10 -processus intra jugularis
11 Planura occipitale
12 Planum nuehaio
13 Protuberantia occipitalia externa
14 (Torus occipitalis)
15 Crista occipitalis externa
16 Linea nuchae suprema
17 Linea nuchae superior
18 Linea nuchae inferior
19 2ainentia cruciata
20 Protuberantia occipitalis interna
21 Sulcus sagittalis
22 Sulcus transvercus
23 (Processus paramastoideus)
24 Os sphenoidale
25 C orr pus
26 Sella turcica
27 Fossa hypophyseos
28 Dorsum sellae
29 Tuberculum sellae
30 Processus clinoideus aedius
31 Processus clinoideus posterior
32 Sulcus caroticus
33 Lingula sphencidalia
34 Crista sphenoidalis
35 Rostrum sphenoidale
36 Sinus sphenoidalis
37 Septum sinuum sphenoidalium
38 Apertura sinus sphenoidalis
39 Conchae sphenoidales
40 Clivus
41 Ala parva
42 Sulcus cniasmatis
43 Foramen opticum
44 Processus clinoideus anterior
45 Fissura orbitalis superior
46 Ala magna
47 Facies cerebralis
48 Facies tetnporalis
49 Facies sphenomaxillaris
50 Facies orbitalis
51 fergo zygomaticus
52 Margo frontalis
53 Angulus 'parietalis
54 Margo squamosus
55 Crista infrateniporalis
56 Foramen rotundum
57 Foramen ovale
58 Foramen spinosum
59 Spina angularis
60 Processus
pterygoideus
61 Lamina lateralis processus
pterygoidei
62 Lamina medialis processus
pterygoidei
63 Fissura pterygoidea
64 Fossa scaphoidea
65 Processus vaginalis
66 Hamulus pterygoideus
67 Sulcus' hamuli pterygoidei
68 Fossa pterygoidea
69 Canalis pterygoideus
70 Canalis pharyngeus
71 Canalis basipharyngeus
72 Sulcus tubae audit ivae
73 Sulcus jvteryg;Tal"ticus
74 (Processus pterygospinosus
fCivininil )
75 Os Temporals
76 Pars mastoidea
77 Fargo occipitalis
78 Processus mastoideus
79 Incisura mastoidea
80 Sulcus sigmoideus
1
Csteology
Sulcus a. occipitalis
Foramen mastoideum
Pars petrosa
Faciee anterior pyranidis
Facies posterior pyramidis
Facies inferior pyramidis
Apex pyramidis
Angulus superior pyramidis
Angulus anterior pyramidis
Angulus posterior pyraraidis
Sulcus petrosus superior
Tegmen tympani
Eminentia arcuata
Canalis facialis Falloppii
Hiatus canalis facialis
Geniculum canalis facialio
Sulcus n. petrosi superficialis raajoris
Sulcus n. petrosi superficialis minoris
Impressio trigemini
Porus acusticus internus
Meatus acusticus internus
Fossa subarcuata
Aquaeductus vestibuli
Apertura externa aquaeductus vestibuli
Sulcus petrosus inferior
Incisura jugularis
Process us intra jugularis
Fossa jugularis
Canaliculus nastoideus
Sulcus canaliculi mastoidei
Processus styl6adeus
Vagina processus styloidei
Foramen styloraastoideum
Fossula petrosa
Canaliculus tympanic us
Sulcus tympanicus
Apertura inferior canaliculi tympanic!
Apertura superior canaliculi tympanic!
Canaliculun cochleae
Apertura externa canaliculi cochleae
41 Canalie caroticus
42 Canaliculi caroticotympanici
43 Canalis musculotubarius
44 Semicanalis m. tensoris tympani
45 Semicanalis tubae auditivae
46 Septum canalis musculotabarii
47 Cavum tympani (v. Organon
auditus)
48 Canaliculus chordae tympani
49 Fissura petrotympanica (Glaseri
50 Fissura petrosquamosa
51 Pars tympanica
52 Annul us tympanic us x
53 Meatus acusticus externus
54 (Spina supra meatum)
55 Fissura tympanonastoidea
56 Spina tympanica major
57 Spina tympanica minor
58 Porus acusticus externus
59 Squama temporal!?
60 Ivlargo parietalis
61 Incisura parietalis
62 Margo sphenoidalis
63 Facies temporalis
64 Processus zygomaticus
65 Fossa nandibularis
66 Facies articularis
67 Tuberculum articulare
68 Facies cerebralis
69 Sulcus a. temporalis mediae
70 Os parietale
71 Facies cerebralis
72 Facies parietalis
73 Margo occipitalis
74 Margo squamosus
75 Margo frontalis
76 Margo sagittalis
77 Angulus frontalis
78 Angulus occipitalis
79 Angulus sphenoidalis
80 AAngulus mastoideus
81 Foramen parietale
OSTEOLOGY
10.
1 Tuber parietale
2 Linea temporalis inferior
3 Linea temporalis superior
4 Sulcus sagittalis
5 Sulcus transversus
6 Os frontale
7 Squanra. frontalis
8 Facies frontalis
9 Ms.rgo supraorbitalis
10 Pars orbitalis
11 Incisura etsmoidalis
12 P^rs nasalis
13 b- T ina frontalis
14 Margo nasalis
15 Margo parietalis
16 Processus zygomaticus
17 Facies teraporalis
18 Linea temporal is
19 Tuber frontale
20 Arcus superciliaris
21 Glabella
22 Foramen sive Incisura supraorbitalis
23 Incisura sive Foramen frontale
24 Facies orbitalis
25 (Spina trochlesris)
26 Fovea trochlearis
27 Foramen ethmoidale anterius
28 Fpramen'-ethmoidale posterius
29 Fossa glandulae lacrimalis
30 Facies cerebralis
31 Crista frontalis
32 Sulcus sagittalis
33 Foramen caecum
34 Sinus frontalis
35 Septum sinuuai frontalium
36 Os ethmoidale
37 Lamina cribrosa
38 Crista galli
39 Processus alaris
40 Lamina perpendicular is
41 Labyrinthus ethmoidalis
42 Cellulae ethmoidales
43 Infundibulum ethmoidale
44 Hiatus semilunaris
45 Bulla ethmoidalis
46 Lamina papyracea
47 Foramina ethmoidalia
48 (Concha nasalis suprema)
49 Concha rasalir; superior
50 Concha rasalir, media
51 Procesfms uncinatus
52 CoKcha nasa] is inferior
53 Processes lajn/mlis
54 Prccessus maxillaris
55 Processus ethmoidalis
56 s JLacjrircale,
57 Crista lacriiialis posterior
58 Sulcus lacrinalis
59 Hamulus lacriraalis
60 Fossa sacci lacrimalis
61 Os Nasale
62 Foramina nasalia
63 Sulcus ethmoidalis
64 Vomer
65 Ala Vomeris
66 OSSA FACIEI
67 Maxilla.
68 Corpus maxillae
69 Facies anterior
70 Facies nasalis
71 Facies orbitalis
72 Facies infratemporalis
73 Sinus aaxillaris
74 Margo infraorbitalis
75 Canalis infraorbitalis
76 Sulcus infraorbitalis
77 Foramen infraorbitale
78 Sutura infraorbitalis
79 Fossa canina
OSTEOL03Y
11.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
(Fossa praenasalis)
Incisura nasalis
Tuber maxillare
Foramrna alveolaria
Canales alveolares
Planum orbitale
Margo lacrimalis
Sulcus lacrimalis
Canalis nasolacrimalis
Crista conchalis
Processus frontalis
Crista lacrimalis anterior
Incisura lacrimalis
Crista ethmoidalis
Processus zygocaticus
Processus palatinus
Crista nasalis
Spina nasalis anterior
Qs incisivum x
Canalis incisivus
Sutura incisiva
Spinae palatinae
Sulci paljatini
Processus alveolaris
Limbus alveolaris
Alveoli dentales
Septa interalveolaria
Juga alveolaria
Hiatus inaxillaris
Foramen incisivum
31 Os palatinum
Pars perpendi
Facies nasalis
Facies maxillaris
Incisura sphenopalatina
Sulcus pterygopalatinus
Processus pyramidalis
Foramen palatinum ma jus
Foramina palatina minora
Canales palatini
Crista conchalis
Crista ethmoidalis
c u 1 a r i s
43 Processus orbitalie
44 Processus sphenoidalis
45 Pars horizontal!
46 Facies nasalis
47 Facies palatina
48 Spina nasalis posterior
49 Crista nasalis
50 Os zypomaticum
53 Facies naAaris
52 Facies temporalis
53 Facies orbitalis
54 Processus temporalis
55 Processus frontosphenoidalis
56 (Prooessus marginalis)
57 Foramen zygomaticoorbitale
58 Foramen zygomaticofaciale
59 Foramen zygomaticotemporale
60 Mardibula
61 Corpus nandibulae
62 Basis mandibulae
63 Protuberantia mentalis
64 .Tuberculum mentale
65 Spina mentalis
66 Foramen mentals
67 Linea obliqua
68 Fossa digastrica
69 Linea mylohyoidea
70 Sulcus nylohyoideus
71 Juga alveolaria
72 Ramus mandibulae
73 Angulus mandibulae
74 (Tuberositas masseterica)
75 (Tuberositas pterygoidea)
76 (Crista buccinatoria)
77 Incisura mandibulae
78 Processus condyloideus
79 Capitulum proc. condyl.
mandibulae
80 Collum proc. condyloidei
mandibulae
81 Fovea pterygoidea proc.
condyloidei
82 Processus coronoideus
OSTEOLOGY
12.
1 Foramen mandibulare
2 Lingula mandibulae
3 Canalis mgfndibulae
4 Fovea sublingualis
5 (Fovea subiraxillaris)
6 Pars alveolaris
7 Lirabus alveolaris
8 Alveoli dentales
9 Septa interalveolaria
10 Os hyoideum
111 Corpus ODS. hyoidei
12 Cornu minus
13 Cornu najus
14 CRANIUM
15 Calvaria
15 Pericranium
17 Lamina externa
18 DiploB - --
19 Canales diploici |_BreschetiJ
20 Lamina interna
21 Facies ossea)
22 Cranium cerebrals
23 Cranium viscerale
24 Vertex
25 Frons
26 Occiput
27 Basis cranii interna
28 Basis cranii externa
29 Fossa cranii anterior
30 Fossa cranii media
31 Fossa cranii posterior
32 Juga ceirebralia
33 Impressiones digitatae
34 Sulci venosi
35 Sulci artos'ioei
36 (Foveolae granulares [Pacchlonij)
37 (Oe-ja suturarmr.)
38 Planum teraporale
39 Fossa temporalis
40 Arcus zygomaticus
41 Fossa infratemporalis
42 Fossa pterygopalatina
43 Canalis pterygopalatinus
44 Foramen sphenopalatinum
45 Apertura piriformis
46 Cavun nasi
47 Septum nasi osseum
48 Mea.tus nasi coiamunis
49 Meatus nasi superior
50 Meatus nasi reoaiuc
51 Meatus nasi inferior
52 Meatus nasopharyngeus
53 Choanae
54 Recfustts sphenoethmoidalis
55 Foramen jugiilare
56 Fissura sphenopetrosa
57 Fissura petrooccipitalis
58 Fissura sphe no occipital is
59 Foramen laceruin
60 Fibrocartilago basalis
61 Palatun; durua
62 (Torus palatinus)
63 Orbita
64 Aditus orbitae
65 Margo supraorbitalis
66 Margo infraorbitalis
67 Paries superior
68 Paries inferior
69 Paries lateralis
70 Paries medialis
71 Fissura orbitalis superior
72 Fissura orbitalis inferior
73 Sutyrae cranii
74 Sutura corona.lis
75 Sutura sagittalis
76 Sutura lambdoidea
77 Sutura bccipitomastoidea
78 Sutura sphenofrontalis
79 Sutura sphenoorbitalis
80 Sutura sphenoethmoidalis
81 Sutura sphenosquamosa
82 Sutura sphenoparietalis
05TEOLC5Y
13.
Sutura squamosa
(Sutura frontalis)
Sutura parietomastoidea
(Sutura squamosorcastoidea)
Sutura nasofrontalis
Sutura frontoethmoidalis
Sutura f rontorcaxillaris
Sutura frontolacrimalis
Sutura zygomaticofrontalis
Sutura zygomaticomaxillaris
Sutura ethmoideomaxillaris
Sutura sphenozygoreatica
(Sutura sphenor-axillaris)
Sutura zygomaticotemporalie
Sutura internasalis
Sutura nasomaxillaris
Sutura lacrinoraxillaris
Sutura lacrimoconchalis
Sutura internaxillaris
Sutura palatomaxillaris
Sutura palatoethmoidalis
Sutura palatina nediana
Sutura palatina transversa
24 Syhchondroses cranii
Synchondrosis sphenooccipitalie
Synchondrosis sphenopetrosa
Synchondrosis sphenopetrosa
Synchondrosis intraoccipitalis posterior*
Synchondrosis intraoccipitalis anterior*
Synchondrosis intc>rfphenoidalis x
Fonticulus frontalis irajor x
Fonticulus occipitalis minor x
Fonticulus mastoideus*
s sphenoidalio x
a t i s
35 OSSA SXTKEMITATIS SUPERIORIS
Cingulum extremit
superior is
37 Scapula
Facies costalis
Lineae musculares
40 Fossa subscapularis
41 Facies dorsalis
42 Spina scapulae
43 Fossa supraspinata
44 Fossa infraspinata
45 Acromion
46 Facies articularis acromii
47 Margo vertebralis
48 Ifergo axillaris
49 Margo superior
50 Angulus inferior
51 Angulus lateralis
52 Angulus medialis
53 Cavitas glenoidalis
54 Collum scapulae
55 Tuberositas infraglenoidalis
56 Tuberositas supraglenoidalis
57 Incisura scapulae
58 Processus coracoideus
59 Clavicula
60 Extremitas sternalis
61 Facies articularis sternalis
62 Tuberositas costalie
63 Extrenatas acromialis
64 Facies articularis acromialis
65 Tuberositas coracoidea
66 Skeleton 3Xtreni
tatis perioris
1 i b e r a e
68 Caput humeri
69 Collum anatomicum
70 Collum chirurgicina
71 Tuberculuin ma jus
72 Tube rcul urn minus
73 Sulcus intertubercularis
74 Crista tuberculi majoris
75 Crieta tuberculi minoris
76 Corpus huaeri
OSTEOLOGY
14.
1 Facies anterior medialis
2 Facies anterior lateralis
3 Facies posterior
4 Liar go medialis
5 Mar go lateralis
6 Tuberositas deltoidea
7 Sulcus n. radialis
8 .Sulcus n. ulnaris
9 Capitulum humeri
10 Trochlea humeri
11 Spicondylus medialis
12 Epicondylus lateralis
13 Fossa olecrani
14 Fossa coronoidea
15 Fossa radialis
16 (Processus supracondyloideus)
47 Radius
18 Corpus radii
19 Capitulum radii
20 Fovea capituli radii
21 Collum radii
22 Circumferentia articularis
23 Tuberositas radii
24 Crista interossea
25 Facies dorsalis
26 Facies volaris
27 Facies lateralis
28 Iv&rgo dorsalis
29 Margo volaris
30 Pro-ressus styloideus
31 Incisura ulnaris .
32 Facies articularis carpea
33 Ulna
34 Corpus ulnea
35 Olecranon
36 Processus coronoideus
37 Tuberositas ulnae
38 Incisura semilunaris
39 Incisura radialis
40 Crista interossea
41 Facies dorsalis
42 Facies volaris
43 Faciee medialis
44 liar go dorsal r^s
45 Margo volaris
46 Crista m. supinatoris
47 Capitulua ulnae
48 Circuraferentia articularis
49 Processus styloideus
50 Cajrgu?.
51 Ocsa carpi
52 (Os centrale)
53 Os naviculare rcanus
54 54 Tuberculum oss. navicularis
55 Oc lunatum
56 Os triquetrum
57 Os pisiforme
58 Os nultanguluijjnajus
59 Tuberculum ose. multang.
majoris
6C Os multangulum ffiinua
61 Os capitatun
62 Os hamatum
63 Hanulus oss. hairati
64 Eminentia carpi radialis
65 Eninentia carpi ulnaris
66 Sulcus carpi
67 Metacarpus
68 Ossa metacarpalia I V
69 Basis
70 Corpus
71 Capitulura
72 Os metacarpale III
73 Processus Styloideus
74 Phalanges digitorum manus
75 Phalanx prina
76 Phalanx secunda
77 Phalanx tertia
78 Basis phalangis
OSTEOLOGY
15.
1 Corpus phalangis
2 Trochlea phalangis
3 Tuberositas unguicularis
4 Ossa sesamoidea
5 OSSA EXTREMITATIS INFERIORIS
6.Cingulum extremitati
infjrioris
7 Qg coxae
8 Foramen obturatuin
9 Acetabulun
10 Fossa acetabuli
11 Incisura acetabuli
12 Facies lunata
13 Sulci paraglenoidales
15
15
17
18
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
14 Os^ ilium
Corpus oss. ilium
AlT. oss . ilium
Linea arcuata
Crista iliaca
19 Labium extrenum
20 Linea intermedia
21 Labium internum
Spina iliaca anterior superior
Spina iliac anterior inferior
Spina iliaca posterior superior
Spina i? iaca posterior inferior
Linea glutaea anterior
Linea glutaea posterior
Linea glutaea inferior
Facids auricularis
Tuberositas iliaca
Fossa iliaca
32 Os ischii
Corpus oss.. ischii
Raraus superior oss,
Ramus inferior oss,
Tuber ischiadicum
Spina ischiadica
ischii
ischii
38
39
41
42
e 43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
Incisura ischiadica major
Incisurs. ischiadica minor
40 ps ptibis_
Corpus oss, pubis
Pec ten CBS* pv.bis
Eninentia ila ope c tinea
Tuberculum pubicum
Crista obturatoria
Sulcus obturato'-'itis
Tuberci'vlura obturatorium anterius
(Tuberoulum obturatorium
posterius)
Ranus inferior oss. pubis
Ramus superior oss . pubis
Facies syaphyseos
52 Pelvis
Symphysis ossiuin pubis
Arc us pubis
Angulus pubis
Pelvis major
Pelvis minor
Linea terminalis
59 Pars sacralis
60 Pars iliaca
61 Pars pubica
Apertura pelvis rainoris3 superior
Apertura pelvis (minorisj inferior
Axis pelvis
Conjugata
Diameter transversa
Diameter obliqua
Inclinatio pelvis
Skeleton extremi-
tatis inferioris
1 i b e r a e
70 Femur
71 Caput femoris
72 Fovea capitis femoris
73 Collum femoris
;
OSTEOLOGY
16.
1 Corpus femoris
2 Trochanter major
3 Fossa trochanterica
4 Trochanter minor
5 (Trochanter tertius)
6 Linea intertrochanterica
7 Crista intertrochanterica
8 Linea aspera
9 L&bium laterals
10 Labium zaediale
11 Linea pectinea
12 Tuberositas glutaea
13 Fossa intercondyloidea
14 Linea intercondyloidea
15 Planuin popliteum
16 Condylus me dial is
17 Condylus lateralis
18 Facies patellaris
19 Epicondylus lateralis
20 Epicondylus medialis
21 Tibia
22 Facies articularis superior
23 Corpus tibiae
24 Condylus medialis
25 Condylus lateralis
26 Fossa intercondyloidea anterior
27 Fossa intercondyloidea posterior
28 Eminentia intercondyloidea
29 Tuberculum intercondyloideum aediale
30 Tuberculum intercondyloideum laterale
31 Margo infraglenoidalis
32 Tuberositas tibiae
33 Facies iredialis
34 Facies posterior
35 Facies lateralis
36 Margo medialis
37 Crista anterior
38 Crista interossea
39 Linea poplitea
40 Malleolue medialis
41 Incisura fibularis
42 Sulcus malle olaris
43 Facies articularis inferior
44 Facies articularis malleolaris
45 Fibula
46 Corpus fibulae
47 Crista interossea
48 Crista antarior
49 Crista lateralis
50 Crista medialis
51 Facies medialis
52 Facies lateralis
53 Facies posterior
54 Capitulum fibulae
55 Facies articularis cepituli
56 Apex capituli fibulae
57 Lfelleolus lateralis
53 Facies articularis malleoli
59 Patella
60 Basis patellae
61 Apex patellae
62 Facies articularis
64
66
67
68
69
73
74
75
63
s s a
Tarsus
tarsi
65 Talus
Caput tali
Corpus tali
Collum tali
Trochlea tali
70 Facies superior
71 Facies malleolaris medialis
72 Facies nalleolaris lateralis
Sulcus tali
Processus lateralis tali
Facies articularis calcanea
posterior
Oct<? ol o gy
17.
1 Facies articularis calcanea media
2 Sulcus m. flexoris hallucis longi
3 Facies articularis navicularis
4 Facies articularis calcanea anterior
5 Processus posterior tali
6 (Os trigonun)
7 Calcaneus
8 Corpus calcanei
9 Tuber calcanei
10 Processus nedialis tuberis
calcanei
11 Processus lateralis tuberis
calcanei
12 Sustentaculum tali
13 Sulcus m. flexoris hallucis longi
14 Sulcus calcanei
15 Sinus tarsi
16 Facies articularis anterior
17 Facies articularis media
18 Facies articularis posterior
19 Sulcus m. peronaei
20 (Processus trochlearis)
21 Facies articularis cuboidea
22 Os naviculare pedis
23 Tuberositas oss. navicularis
23 Tuberositas oss.
24 Os cunei forme primum
2 5 03 cuneiforme secundure
26 On cuneiiorme tertiurn
27 Os cuboideum
28 Sulcus ni. peronaei
29 Tuberositas oss. cuboidei
30 I.'eta tarsus
31 Ossa rnetatarsalis I V
32 Basis
33 Corpus
34 Capitulum
35 Tuberocitas oss. metatarsalis I
36 Tuberositas oss. metataraalis V
37 Phalanges digitorum pedis
38 Phalanx prina
39 Ehalanx secur.da
40 Phalanx tertia
41 Tuberositas unguicularis
42 Basis phalangis
43 Corpus phalangis
44 Trochlea phalangis
45 Ossa sesamoidea
.
18.
1 SYMflSSMOLOGIA
2
3
11
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Junctura ossium
Synarthrosis
4 Sutura
5 Sutura serrata
6 Sutura squamosa
7 Hamonia
8 Gomphosis
9 Cynchor.drosis
10 Syaphj'sis
Diarthrosis
12 Articulatio
13 Articulatio simplex
14 Articulatic conaposita
15 Arthrcdia
16 Articulatio sphaeroidea
17 Enarthrocis
18 Ginglymus
19 Articulatio coohlearis
20 Articulatio ellipsoidea
21 Articulatio trochoidea
22 Articulatio sellaris
23 Amphiarthrosis
Syndesmosis
Cartilage articularie
Cnvum articulare
Labrum glenoidale
Meniscus articularis
Capsula articularis
31 Stratum fibrosura
32 Stratum synoviale
33 Plica svnovialis
34 Villi synoviales
35 Synovia
36 LIGAMENTA COLIMNAE VERTEBRALIS
ET CRANII
37 Fibrocartilagines inter vertebrales
38 Annulus fibrosus
39 Nucleus pulposus
40 Ligg. flava
41 Capsulae articulares
42 Ligg. intertransversaria
43 Ligg. interspinalia
44 Lig. supraspinale
45. Lig. nuchae
46 Lig. longitudinals anterius
47 Lig. longitudinals posterius
46 EymphyGis sacrococcygea
49 Lig. sacrococcygeua posterius
cuperf iciale
50 Lig. eacrococcygeum posterius
prcfundum
51 Lig. sacrococcygeusi anterius
52 Lig. eacrococcygeum laterale
53 Lig. pterygospinosum
54 Lig. stylohyoideun
19
1 ARTICULATIO ATLfNTOOCCIPITALIS
2 Capsulae articulares
3 Membrana atlantooccipitaMs anterior
4 Membrana atlantooccipitalis posterior
5 ARTICULATIO ATLANTOEPISTROPHICA
6 Capsulae articulares
7 Ligg. alaria
8 Lig. apicis dentis
9 Lig. transversum atlantis
10 Lig. cruciatua atlantis
11 Membrana tectoria
12 ARTICULATIONES COSTOVERTEBRALES
13 ARTICULATIONES CAPITULORUM
14 Capsulae articulares
15 Lig. capituli costae rqdiatum
16 Lig. capituli costae interarticulare
17 ARTICULATIONES COSTOTRANSVERSA-
RIAE
18 Cs-psulae articulares
19 Lig. tuberculi costae
20 Lig. colli costae
21 Lig. costotransversarium anterius
22 Lig. costotransversarium posterius
23 Lig. lumbocostale
24 Foramen costotransversarium
25 ARTICULATIONES STERNOCOSTALES
26 Capeulae articulares
27 Lig. sternocostale interarticulare
28 Ligg. sternocostalis radiata
29 Membrana sterni
30 Ligg costoxiphoidea
31 Ligg. intercostalia
32 Ligg. intercostalia externa
33 Ligg. intercostalia interne
34 Articulationes interchondrales
35 ARTICULATIO MANDIBULARIS
36 Capsula articularis
37 Discus articularis
38 Lig. temporcmandibulare
39 Lig. sphenomandibulare
40 Lig. stylomandibulare
41 LIGG. CINGULI EXTREMITATIS
SUPERIORIS
42 Lig, coracoacromiale
43 Lig. transversum scapulae superiu
44 Lig. transversum scapulae inferiu
45 ARTJCULATIO ACROMIOCLAVICULARIS
46 Capsula articularis
47 Lig. acromioclaviculare
48 (Discus articularis) .
49 Lig, coracoclaviculare
50 Lig. trapezoideum
51 Lig. conoideum
52 ARTICULATIO STERNOCLAVICULARIS
53 Capsula articularis .
54 Discus articularis
55 Lig. sternoclaviculare
56 Lig. costoclaviculare
57 Lig. interclaviculare
58 ARTICULATIO HUMERI
59 Capsula articularis
60 Labrum glenoidale
61 Lig. coracohumerale
62 ARTICULATIOBCUBITI
63 Articulatio humeroulnaris
64 Articulatio humeroradialis
65 Articulatio radioulnaris
proximalis
66 Capsula articularis
67 Lig. collaterale ulnare
68 Lig. collaterale radiale
69 Lig. annulare radii
20
1 Recessus saccifornis
2 Membrana interossea antibrachii
3 Chorda obliqua
4 ARTICULATIO RAOIOULNARIS DISTALIS
5 Capsula articularis
6 Discus articularis
7 Recessus sacciformis
8 ARTICULATIO MANUS
9 Articulatio radiocarpea
10 Articulatio intercarpea
11 Capsula articularis
12 Lig. radiocarpeum dorsale
13 Lig. radiocarpeurn volare
14 Lig. carpi radiatum
15 Lig. collaterale carpi ulnare
16 Lig. collaterale carpi radiale
17 Ligg. intercarpea dorsalia
18 Ligg. intercarpet, volaria
19 Ligg. intercarpea interossea
20 ARTICULATIO OSSIS PISIFORMIS
21 Capsula articularis
22 Lig. p sohamatum
23 Lig. pisometacarpeum
24 Canalis carpi
25 ARTICULATIONES CARPOMETACARPEAE
26 Gapsulae articulares
27 Ligg. carpometacarpea dorsalia
28 Ligg. carpometacarpea volaria
29 ARTICULATIO GARPOMETACfiRPEA
POLLICIS
30 Capsula articularis
31 ARTICULATIGNSS INTERMETACARPEAE
32 Capsulae artic^ulares
33 Ligg. basium oss. metacarpj dorsalia
34 Ligg. basium ("oss. iretacarp5 volaria
35 Ligg. basium loss, metacarpj
interossea
36 Spatia interossea metacarpi
37 ARTICULATIONES METACARPOPHA-
LANGEAE
38 Capsulae articulares
39 Ligg. collaterlia
40 Ligg. accessoria volaria
41 Ligg. capitulorum oss. metacarp-
transversa
42 ARTICULATIONES DIGITORUM MNUS
43 Capsulae articulares
44 Ligg. collateralia
45 LIGG. CINGULI EXTREMITATIS
INFERIORIS
46 Membrana obturatoria
47 Canalis obturatorius
48 Lig. iliolumbale
49 Lig. sacrotuberosuo
50 Processus falciformis
51 Lig. sacrospinosum
52 Foramen ischiadicum icajus
53 Foramen ischiadicum minus
54 ARTICULATIO SACROILIACA
55 Ligg. sacroiliaca anteriora
56 Ligg. sacroiliaca interossea
57 Lig. sacroiliacum posterior breve
58 Lig. sacroiliacum posterius l\>ngum
59 SYMPHY3IS OSSIUM PUBIS
60 Lig. pubicum superius
61 Lig. arc ua turn pubis
62 Lamina fibrocartilaginea inter-
pubica
63 ARTICULATIO COXAE
64 Capsula articularis
65 Labrum glenoidale
66 Lig. transversum acetabuli
67 Lig. teres femoris
68 Zona orbicularis
69 Lig. ilioferraorale
21.
1 Lig. ischiocapsulare
2 Lig. pubooapsulare
3 ARTICULATIO GENU
4 Capsula articularis
5 Meniscus lateralis
6 Meniscus nediulis
7 Lig. transversum genu
8 Ligg. cruciata genu
9 Lijg, c rue ia turn antorius
10 Lig. cruciatun posterius
11 Plica synovialis patellaris
12 Plicae alares
13 Lig. collaterals fibuiare
14 Lig. collaterale tibiale
15 Lig. popliteum obliquum
16 Lig. popliteum arcuatum
17 Retiraculum lig. arcuati
18 Lig. patellae
19 Retinae ul urn patellae mediale
20 Retinaculum patellae laterals
21 ARTICULATIO TIBIOFIEULARIS
22 Capsula articularis
23 Ligg. capituli fibulae
24 Membrana interossea cruris
25 SYNDESMOSIS TIBIOFIBULARIS
26 Lig. iralleoli lateralis anterius
27 Lig. nalleoli lateralis posterius
28 ARTICULATIONES PEDIS
29 ARTICULATIO TALOCRURALIS
30 Capsula articularis
31 Lig. deltoideum
3Z Lig. tibionaviculare
33 Lig. calcaneotibiale
34 Lig. talotibiale anterius
35 Lig. talotibiale posterius
36 Lig. talofibulare anterius
37 Lig. talofibulare posterius
38 Lig. calcaneof ibulara
39 ARTICULATIONES INTERTARSEAE
40 ARTICULATIO TALOCALCANEONAVICULARIS
41
42
43
44
45
46
41 ARTICULATIO TALCCALCANEA
Capeula articularis
Lig. talocaleaneum laterale
Lig. talocalcanoum mediale
Lig. talocalcaneum anterius
Lig. talocalcaneum posterius
47 ARTICULATIO TARSI TRANSVERSA
CHOPARTI
48 ARTICULATIO TALONAVICULARIS
49 Capsula articularis
50 ARTICULATIC CALCANEOCUBCIDEA
51 Capeula articularis
52 ARTICULATIO CUNEOMVICULARIS
53 LIGG. TARSI IKTSROSSEA
54 Lig. talocalcaneum interosseum
55 Lig. cuneocuboideun interosseuo
56 Ligg. intercuneif ormia interossea
57 LIGG. TARSI DORSALIA
58 Lig. talonaviculare dorsale
59 Lig. cuneocuboideua dorsale
60 Lig. cuboideonaviculare dorsale
61 Lig. bifurcatum
62 Pars calcaneonavicularis
63 Pars calcaneocuboidea
64 Lig. calcaneonaviculare dorsale
65 Ligg. navicularicuneiformia dorsalia
66 LIGG. TARSI PLANTARJA
67 Lig. plantare longum
68 Ligg. tarsi profunda
69 Lig. calcaneocuboideum plantare
70 Lig. calcaneonaviculare plantare
SYNPESFOLOGY
22.
4
5
1 Fibrocartilago navicularis
2 Ligg. ravicularicuneif ormia plan-
taria
3 Lig. cuboideonaviculare plantare
Ligg. intercuneif ormia plantaria
Lig. cuneocuboideum plantare
6 ARTICULATIONES TARSOMETATARSEAE
7 Capsulae articulares
8 Ligg. tars ometa tar sea dorsalis
9 Ligg. tarsometatarsea plantaria
10 Ligg. cuneometatarsea interossea
11
11 ARTICULATIONS INTERMETATARSEAE
12 Capsulae articulares
13 Ligg. baaium [^ose. metatars.}
interossea
14 Ligg. basium foss. metatars.J
dorsa3.ia
15 Ligg. basium i^es. metatars.j
plantaria
16 Spatia interossea metatarsi
17 ARTICULATIONES METATARSOPHALAN-
GEAE
18 Capsulae articulares
19 Ligg. collateralia
20 Ligg. atcccoria clantaria
21 Ligg. capituiorvc Toss, metatars^
trans versa
22 ARTICULATIONES DIGITORUM PEDIS
23 Capsulae articulares
24 Ligg. collateralia
MYOtiOGY
23,
1 MYOLOGIA
5
6
7
8
9
10-
11
12
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
30
Musculus
3 Caput
4 Venter
Musculus fusiformis
Musculus unipennatue
l/.usculus bipennatus
Kusculus sphincter
Musculus orbicular is
Musculus articularie
Musculus ske3eti
Musculus cutaneus
Tendo
14 MUSCULI DORSI
US. trapezius
(M. transversus nuchae)
M. latissimus doi 3i
M. rhomboideus major
M. rhomboideus minor
M. levator scapulae
M. serratus posterior inferior
M. serratus posterior superior
M. splenius cervicis
M. splenius capitis
M. sacrospinalis
M. iliocostalis
27 M. iliocostalis lumborum
28 M. iliocostalis dorsi
29 M. iliocostalis cervicis
M, longissimus
31 M. longissimus dorsi
32 M. longissimus cervicis
33 Aponeurosis
34 Perimysiua
35 Fascia
36 Fascia superficialis
37 Inscriptio tendinea
38 Arc us tendineus
39 Ligamentum vaginale
40 Vagina fibrosa tendinis
41 Vagina mucosa tendinis
42 Trochlea rauscularis
43 Bursa mucosa
44 M. longissimus capitie
45 M. spinalis
46 M. spinalis dorsi
47 M. spinalis cervicis
48 M. epinalis capitis
49 M. semispinalis
50 M, eernispinalis dorsi
51 M. semispinalis cervicis
52 M. semispinalis capitie
53 M. multifi'dus
54 Mm. rotatores
55 Mm, rotatores longi
56 MEL rotatores breves
57 Mm. interspinales
58 Mm. intertransvarsarii
59 Mm. intertransversarii
laterales
60 Mm. intertransversarii
mediales
61 Mm. intertransversarii
anteriores
62 Mia. intertransversarii
posteriores
63 M. rectus capitis posterior
major
iHOLOGY
24.
1 M. rectus capitis posterior minor
2 M. rectus capitis lateralis
3 M. obliquus capitis superior
4 M. obliquus capitis inferior
5 Fascia lumbodorealis
6 Fascia nuchae
7 MUSCULI CAPITIS
8 M. epicranius
9 9 M, frontalis
10 M. occipitalis
11 M. procerus
12 M. Nasalis
13 Pars transversa
14 Pars alaris
15 M. depressor septi
'16 M. Orbicularis oculi
17 Pars palpebralis
18 Pars orbitalis _
19 Pars lacrima. is ^Hornerir
20 M. auricularis anterior
21 M. auricularis superior
22 M. auricularis posterior
23 M. orbicularis oris
24 M. triangularis
25 (M. transversus menti)
26 M. risorius
27 M. zygomaticua
28 M. quadratus labii superioris
29 Caput zygomaticum
30 Caput infrao^bitale
31 Caput angulare
32 M. quadratus labii inferioris
33 M. caninuc
34 M. buccinator
35 Mm. incisivi labii superioris
36 Mm. incisivi labii inferioris
37 M. mentalis
38 M. nasseter
39 M. temporalis
40 M. pterygoideus externus
41 M, pterygoideus internus
42 Galea aponeurotica
43 Fascia buccopharyngea
44 Fascia parot-ideoreassaterica
45 Fascia temporalis
46 MUSCULI OSS. HYOIDEI
47 M. digastric us
48 Venter anterror
49 Venter posterior
50 M. stylohyoideus
51 M. mylobyc'itleua
52 M. geneihyoidaus
53 MUSCULI COLLI
54 Platysma
55 M. sternocleidomastoideus
56 M. sternobyoideus
57 M. omohycidex;s
58 Venter superior
59 Venter inferior
60 M. sternothyrepideus
61 M. thyreohyoideus
62 (M. levator gland ulae thyreoideae)
63 M. longus colli
64 M. lor.gus capitia
65 M. rectus capitis anterior
66 M. scalenus anterior
67 M. scalenus medius
68 M. scalenus posterior
69 (M. scalenus ainicus)
70 Fascia colli
71 Fascia praarvertebralis
72 MUSCULI THORACIS
73 (M. sternalis)
74 M. pectoralis raajor
75 Pars clavicularis
76 Pars sternocostalis
77 Pars abdorainalis
78 M. pectoralis minor
79 M. subclaviue
liYOLQGY
25
1 M. serratus anterior
2 Mm. levatores costarum
'3 Mm. levatores eostarura longi
^4- Mm. 1'' ?vtores costarum breves
5 Mm. intercostales extern!
6 Mm. intercostales intern!
7 Mm. subcostales
8 M. transversus thoracis
9 Diaphragrca
10 Para lumbalis
11 Crus madiale
12 Crus in^ermedium
13 Crus lateral
14 Pars costalis
15 Pars sternalis
1: Katus aortic us
17 Hiatus oesophageus
18 Centrum tendineum
19 Foramen venae ca\a.e
20 Arcus lumbocostalis medialis
[Halleri]
21 Arcus lumbocostalis lateralis
Hallerij
22 Fascia pectoralis
23 Fascia coracoclavicularis
24- MUSCULI ABDOMINIS
25 M. rectus abdominis
26 Falx aponeurotica inguinalis
27 M. pyramidal is
28 M. obliquus externus abdominis
29 M. obliquus internus abdominis
30 M. crenaster
31 M. transversus abdominis
32 M. quadratus lumborum
33 Annulus umbilicalis*
34 Linea alba
35 Adminiculum lineae albae
36 Inscriptiones tendineae
37 Lig. suspensorium penis s.
clitoridis
38 Lig. fundiforme penis
39 Vagina m. recti abdominis
40 Linea semicircularis PDouglasij
41 Lig. inguira.le_[Pcupartii,
42 Lig. lacunaro I GimbernatiJ .
43 Lig. inguinale ref.lexum CollesiJ
44 Annulus inguinalis subcutaneus
45 Crus superi.us
46 Crus inferiup
47 Fibrae intercrurales -
48 Trigonum lu-nbale Q;etitiJ
49 Linea ssrailuraris inpigel
50 Fascia trexcTorseilis
51 Canalip ir.guinalia
52 Annuluc inguinalis abdominalis _
53 Lig. interfoveolare QlesselbachiJ
54 Plica epigsstrica
55 Fovea inguinalis lateralis
56 Fovea inguinalis medialis
57 Fovea suprave&icalis
58 MUSCUTJ COCCYGEI
59 M. coccygeus
60 Li. sacrococcygeus anterior
61 M. sacrococcygeus posterior
62 MUSCULI EXTREMITATIS SUPERIORIS
63 M. deltoideus
64 M. supraspinatus
65 M. infraspinatus
66 M. teres minor
67 M. teres major
68 M, subscapularis
69 M. biceps -a "~ chii
70 Caput longum
71 Vagina muoosa intertubercularis
72 Caput brsve
73 Lacertus fjbrosus
74 M. coracobrachialis
775 M. brachialis
76 M. triceps brachii
77 Caput longum
78 Caput laterale
79 Caput mediale
.
26.
1 M. anconaeus
2 if" .' epitrochleo'anconaeus)
3 M, pronator teres
4 Caput hunerale
5 Caput ulnare
6 M. flexor earpi radialis
7 M. palmar is I'ongus
8 M. flexor 'sarpi ulnarie
9 Caput humerale
10 Caput ulnars
11 M. flexor digitorum sublimis
12 Caput humor ale
13 .Caput radiale
14 M. flexor digitorum profundus
15 M. fl'exer pollicis longus
16 M. pronator quadratus
17 M. branchioradialis
18 M. extensor carpi radialis longus
19 M. extensor carpi radialis brevis
20 M. extensor digitoruta communis
21 Juncturae tendinum
extensor digit! quinti proprius
extensor carpi ulnaris
supinator
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis proprius
palmaris brevis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
adductor pollicis
abductor digit! quinti
flexor digiti quinti brevis
opponens digiti quinti
lumbricales
. interossei dorsales
Mm. interossei volares
Fascia axillaris
Fascia sub scapular is
22
M.
23
M.
24
M.
25
M.
26
M.
27
M.
28
M.
29
M.
30
M.
31
M.
32
M.
33
M.
34
M.
35
M.
36
M,
37
Mm
38
Mm,
39
Mm
40
Fas
41
Fat
42 Fascia supraspj na~
43 Fascia irifraspinata
44 Fascia brachii
.5 Septum intermusculare
mediale
46 Septum interrauceulare
laterale
47 Sulcus bicipitalis medialis
48 Sulcus bicipitalis lateralis
49 Fascia antibrachii
50 Fascia dor sells manus
51 Lig. carpi dorsale
52 .lipCfceurcv.v'. palmar is
53 Fasciculi transversi
54 Lig. carpi transversum
55 Lig. carpi velar 3
56 Chiasma tendinum
57 Vincu3.um tendinum
58 Vaginae musosae
59 Ligg. vaginalia digitorum manus
60 Ligg. annularia digitorum manus
61 Ligg. cruciata digitorum manus
62 MUSCULI EXTREMITATIS INFERIORIS
63 1^, iliopcss
64 M. iliacus
65 M. psoas major
66 M. psoas minor
67 M. giutaeus maximus
68 M. giutaeus medius
69 M. giutaeus minimus
70 M. tensor fasciae latae
71 M. pirifornis
72 M. obturator internus
73 M. gemellus superior
74 M. gemellus inferior
75 M. quadratus . femoris
76 M. eartorius
77 M. quadriceps femoris
78 M. rectus femoris
79 M. vastus lateralis
MYOLOGY
27.
1 M. vastus intermedius
2 M. vastus medialis
3 M , articularis gtnu
4 M. pectineus
5 M. adductor longus
6 M. gracilis
7 M. adductor brevis
8 M. adductor rcagnus
9 M. adductor minimus
10 M. obturator externus
11 M. biceps femoris
12 Caput longum
13 Caput breva
14 M. seraite ndinosus
15 M. seciimembranosus
16 M. tibialis anterior
17 M. extensor digitorum longus
18 M. peronaeus tert.'.us
19 M. extensor hallucis longus
20 M. peronaeus longus
21 M. peronaeus brevis
22 M. triceps surae
23 M, gastrocnemius
24 Caput laterals
25 Caput mediale
26 M. soleus
27 Arcus teniineus m solei ^
28 Tendo calcaneus fAchillisj
29 M. plantaris
30 M. popliteus
31 M. tibialis posterior
32 M. flexor digitorum longus
33 M. flexor hallucis longus
34 M. extensor hallucis brevis
35 M. extensor cigitorura brevis
36 M. abductor hallucis
37 M. flexor hallucis brevis
38 M. adductor hallucis
39 Caput obliquum
40 Caput transversum
41 M. abductor digiti quinti
42 M. flexor digiti quinti brevis
43 M. opponens digiti quinti
44 M. flexor digitorum brevis
45 li. quadrat us plantae
46 Mm. lumbricales
f." Mm. interossei dorsales
48 Mm. interossei plantares
49 Fascia lata
50 Tractus iliotibialis llfeis
51 Septum interrnusculare ^femorisf
laterals ^
52 Septum intermusculare yemoris]
mediale ,- - "
53 Canalis adductorius fHunterij
54 Hiatus tendineua fadductoriusj
55 Fascia iliaca
56 Fascia iliopectinea
57 Lacuna musculorum
58 Lacuna vasorum _
59 Trigonum femorale ^Fossa Bcarpae majorj
60 Fossa iliopsctinea
61 Fascia pectinea
62 Canalis femoralis
63 Annul us femoralis -
64 Septum femorale |*CloquetiJ
65 Fossa ovalis
66 Margo falciformis
67 Cornu superius
68 Cornu inferius
69 Fascia cribrosa
70 Fascia cruris
71 Septum intermusculare anterius
fibulare
72 Septum intermusculare posterius
fibulare
73 Lig. transversum cruris
74 Lig. laciniatum
75 Lig. cruciatum cruris
76 Retinaculum mm. peronaeorum sup.
77 Retinaculum mm. peronaeorum inferius
L5YOLOGY
28.
Fascia dorsalis pedis
2 Aponeurosis plantaris
3 Fasciculi transversi
aponeurosis plantaris
4 Vaginae nucosae
5 Ligg. annularia
6 Ligg, vaginalia
7 Ligg. cruciata
8 BURSAE ET VAGINAE MUCOSAE
9 Bursa mucosa subcutanea
10 Bursa mucosa subnuscularis
11 Bursa mucosa subfacialis
12 Bursa mueosa subterdinea
13 Vagina mucosa tendinis
14 B. musculi trochlearis 37
15 B. m. tensoris veli palatini
16 B. subcutanea pr&ementalis 38
17 B. subcutanea prorrdnentiae
laryngeae 39
13 B. m. sternohyoidei
19 BR.m. thyreohyoidei 40
20 B. subcutanea sacralis
21 B. coccygea 41
22 B. subcutanea acromialis
23 B. subacromialis 42
24 B. subdeltoidea
25 3. m. ftorac'-'brachialis 43
26 B. in. infraspinati 44
27 B. n. subscapularis
28 B. m. teretis majoris 45
29 B. n. latissimi dorsi 46
30 B. subcutanea olecrani 47
31 B. intratendinea olecrani 48
32 B. subtendinea olecrani -. _
33 B. subcutanea epicondylif liumerij 49
lateralis ^ .. 50
34 B. subcutanea epicondyli ihumeri| 51
medialis 52
35 B. bicpitoradialis 53
36 B. cubitalis interossea 54
Vagina tendinum mm. abductoris long!
et extent oris brevis pollicis
Vagina tendinum mm. extensorum carpi
radialiui
Vagina tendinis m. extensoris pollicis
longi
Vagina tendinum mm. extensorie digi-
torum comraunis et extensoris indicia
Vagina tendinis m. extensoris digit!
minimu
Vagina tendinis m. extensori carpi
ulnaris
B. m. extensoris carpi radialis brevis
Bursae subcutaneae metacarpophalangeae
dorsales
Bursae subcutaneae digitorum dorsales
B. m. flexoris carpi ulnaris
B. a. flexoris carpi radialis
Vagina tendinum mm. flexorum com-
munium
Vag. tendinis m. flexoris pollicis long!
Bursae intermetacarpophalangeae
Vaginae tendinum digitales
B. trochanterica subcutanea
Bl trochanterica m. glutaei maxirai
B. troch. m. gluetei medii anterior
L70LOGY
29.
1 B. troch. m. glutaei medii posterior
2 B. troch. m. glutaei minimi
3 B. m. piriformis
4 B. m. obturatoris interni
5 Bu. sae glutaeofemorales
6 B. ischiadica m. glutaei maximi
7 B. n. recti feraoris
8 B. iliopectinea
9 B. iliaca subtendinea
10 B. m. pectinei
11 B. m. bicipitis fsmoris superior
12 B, praepatellaris oubcutanea
13 B. praepatellaris subfascialis
14 B. praepatellaris subtendinea
15* B. supra patellaris
16 B. infrapatellaris subcutanea
17 B. infrapatellaris profunda
18 B. .subcutanea tuberositatis tibiae
19 B. m. sartorii propria
20 B. anserina
21 B. m. bicipitis femoris inferior
22 B. m. poplitei
23 B. bicipitogastrocenemialis
24 B. m. gastrocnemii lateralis
25 B. m. gastrocnemii medialis
26 B. m. semimembranosi
27 B. subcutanea malleoli lateralis
28 B. subcutanea malleoli medialis
29 Vag. tendinis m. tibialis anterioris
"0 Vag. tendinis ml extensoris hallucis
longi
31 Vaginae tendinum m. extensoris digi-
torum pedis longi
32 Vaginae tendinum m. flexoris digi-
torum pedis longi
33 Vag. tendinis m. tibialis pbsterioris
34 Vag. tendinis m. flexoris hallucis
longi
35 Vag. tandinum mm. peronaeorum
communis
36 Bursa sinus tarsi
37 B. subtendinea m. tibialis anteriorie
38 B. subtondinea m, tibialis posterioris
39 B. eubcutanea calcanea
40 B. tendinis calcanei
41 Vag. tendinis m. peronaei longi
plantaris
42 Burase intermetatarsophalangeae
43 Bursae mm. lumbricalium pedis
44 Vaginae tendinum digitales pedis
.
.
.
SPLAHCHNOLOGY
30,
1 SP1ANCHNOLOGIA
2
3
4
5
11
12
29
30
31
32
33
34
37
38
39
Tunica albuginea
unica fibrosa
Tunica adventitia
Tunica mucosa
6 Lamina propria raucosae
Lamina nuscularis mucosae
Tela subnucosa
Plica mucosa
Mucus
Tunica muscularis
Tunica eerosa
13 Tela sutserosa
14 Plica serosa
ntuo sm rosum
7
8
9
10
15 I
3.6 Serum
3 " Epithelium
18 Endothelium
19 Organcn parenchyrcatoouzn
20 Parenchyrca
21 Stroma
22 Glandula
23 Lob us
24 Lobulus
25 Glandula mucosa
26 Musculus viscerum
27 APPARATUS DIGESTORIUS
28 CAVUM ORIS
Bucca
Corpus adiposum buccae
Vestibulum oris
Cavum oris proprium
Rirca oris
Labia oris
35 Labium euperius
36 Labium inferius
Commissura labiorum
Angulus oris
Palatum
40 Pala-tum durum
41 Palat'om molle
42 Raphe palati
43 Tunica mucosa oris
44 Frenulum labii euperioris
45 Frenulun labii inferioris
46 Gingiva
47 Caruncula sublingualis
48 Plica sublingualis
49 Plicae palatinae transversae
50 Papilla incisiva
SPL/.NC:;NOLOGY
31
G3
G:
1 Glandulae or is
Gl. labiales
Gl. buccales
Gl. molares
palatinae
linguales _
Gl. lingualis anterior ^Blandini Nuhrr
Gl. sublingualis
Ductus sublingualis irajor
Ductus sublinguales rninores
Gl. submaxillaris _
Ductus eubmaxillaris ^Whartonij
Gl. parotiB
14 Processus retronandibularis
Gl. parotis accessor!
18 Dentes
19 Corona dentis
20 Tubercula ccronaej dentis
21 Collum dentis
22 Radix Radices dentis
23 Apex radicis dentis
24 Facies masticatoria
25 Facies labialis buccalis
26 Facies lingualis
27 Facies contactus
28 Facies medialis 1 dentium incisivo-
29 Facies lateralis} rum et caninorum
30 Facies anterior \ dentium praemola-
31 Facies posterior) riura et molarium
32 Cavum dentis
33 Pulpa dentis
34 Papilla dentis x
35 Canalis radicis dentis
36 Foramen apicis dentis
37 Substantia eburnea
38 Substantia adamant ina
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
52
53
55
56
57
58
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
TO
71
72
73
74
75
76
78
Substantia oesea
Caualiculi dentales
Spatia interglobularia
Prisirata adamantina
Cuticula dentis
Periosteum alveolare
Arcus dentalis superior
Arcus dentalis inferior
Dentes in^isivi
Dentes canini
Dentes prs enolares
Rentes molares
51 Dens serotinus
Dentes pernanentes
Dentes decidui
54 Lingua
Drosum linguae
Radix linguae
Corpus linguae ,_
Facies inferior linguaej
59
Mar go lateralis
Apex linguae
Tunica mucosa linguae
Frenulum linguae
Papillae linguales
Papillae filiformes
Papillae conicae
Papillae fungiformes
Papillae lenticulares
Papillae vallatae
Papillae foliatae
Sulcus medianus linguae
Sulcus terminalis
Foramen caecum linguae (Morgagnii)
(Ductus lingualis)
Ductus thyreoglossus x
Tonsilla lingualie
77 Folliculi linguales
Septum linguae
Plica fimbriata
f. . -^
SPl-ANCHNOLOGY
32.
1 Musculi linguae
2 M. eenioglossus
3 U, hyuglossus
4 M. chondroglossus
5 M. styloglossus
6 M. longitudinalis superior
7 M. longitudinalis inferior
8 M. transversus lingua
3 M. verticalis linguae
10 Fauces
11 Isthmus faucium
12 Velum palatinum
13 Uvula palatina
14 Arcus palatini
15 Arcus gloss opalatinus
16 Arcus pharyngopalatinus
17 Plica salpingopalatina
18 Tonsilla palatina
19 Fossulae ton '.illares
20 Sinus tonsil laris
21 Plica triangularie
22 Fossa supratonsillaris
'23 Musculi palati et faucium
24 M, levator veli palatini
M. tensor veli palatini
M. uvulae
M. gloss opalatinus
25
26
27
28
M. pharyngopalatinus
29 PHARYNX
30 Cavum pharyngis
31 Fornix pharyngis
32 Pars nasal is
33 Pars oralis
34 Pars laryngea
35 Ostium pharyngeuin tubae
36 Labium anterius
37 Labiura posterius
38 Torus tubarius
39 Plica salpingopharyngea -
40 Recessus pharyngeus jjRosenmuelleriJ
41 (Bursa pharyngea)
42 Reoes-jue piriiormis
43 M. Gtylcpl-^irTOgfjua
44 Frscia pharyngobasilaris
45 Tunica mucosa
46 Gl, pharyngeae
47 Tonsilla phcryngea
48 Fossulae tonsillares
49 Tela subaucosa
50 Tunica" muscularis pharyngis
51 Raphe pharyngis
52 Raphe pterygcirandibularis
53 M, constrictor pharyngis superior
54 M. pterygopharyngeus
55 M. buccopharyngeus
56 M. mylopharyngeus
57 M. g].os30pharyngeu8
58 M. ealpingcpharyngeus
59 M. ccnd'bclc'Ur pharvngis medius
60 M. chonaropharyngeus
61 M, ceratopharyngeus
52 M. constrictor pharyngis inferior
63 M. thyreopharyngeus
64 M. cricopharyngeus
65 TUBUS DIGSSTORIUS
66 Oesophagus
67 Pars cervical is
68 Pars thoracalis
69 Pars abdominalis
70 Tunica adventitia
71 Tunica muBcularis
72 M, bronchooesophageus
73 M. pleurooesophageus
74 Tela submucosa
75 Tunica mucosa
76 Lain, muscularis mucosae
77 Gl* pesophageae
78 Ventriculus
"""[paste rj
79 Paries anterior
80 Paries posterior
I
.
. .
SPLANCHNOLOGY
33.
1 Curvatura ventriculi major
2 Curvatura ventriculi minor
3 C; rdia
4 Fundus ventriculi
5 Corpus ventriculi
6 Pylorus
7 Pars cardiaca
8 Pars pylorica
9 (Antrum cardiacun)
10 Antrura pyloricum
11 Tunica serosa
12 Tunica muscularis
13 Stratum longitudinals
14 Ligg. pylori
15 Stratum circulare
16 M. sphincter pylori
17 Fibrae obliquae
18 Valvula pylori
19 Tela sybmucosa
20 Tunica muscosa
21 Lam. muscularis mucosae
22 Areae gastricae
23 Plicae villosae
24 Foveolae gastricae _ -,
25 Gland ulae gastricae Ipropriaej
26 Gland uiae pyloricae
27 Moduli lymphatici gaetrici
28 Succus gastricus
29 Intestinum tunue
30 Tunica serosa
31 Tunica muscularis
32 Stratum longi budinale
33 Stratum circulare
34 Tela submucosa
35 Tunica mucosa
36 Lam. muscularis mucosae
37 Plicae circulares Qcerkringijl
38 Villi intestinales ..
39 Gl. intestinales ^Lieberkuehnij
40 Noduli lymphatici solitarii _ ^
41 Noduli lymphatici aggregati fPeyeriJ
42 Chymus
42 Chylua
44 Succus enter icus
^5 Duodenum
46 Pars uperior
47 Pars descendens
48 Pars inferior -
49 Pars horizontalis [inferior J
50 Pars ascsr.clens
51 Flexura duodeni superior
52 Flexura duodeni inferior
53 Flexura duodenojejunalis
54 M. suspensoriua duodeni
55 Plica longitudinal! s duodeni
56 Papilla duodeni jjTsantcrini|
58 Intestinum tenue
mesenteriale.
59 Intestinv-m jejunum
60 Intestinun ileura
61 Intestinum crassum
62 Inteeti nuu m caecum
63 Valvula coli
64 Labium superius
65 Labium inferius
66 Frenula valvulae coli
67 Processus vermi-
form i s
68 (Valvula proceesus vermiformis)
69 Noduli aggregati processus vermifor*
mis
70 Colon
71 Colon ascendens
72 Flexura coli dextra
73 Colon transversum
74 Flexura coli sinistra
75 Colon descendens
76 Colon sigmoideum
77 Plicae semilunares coli
78 Haustra coli
79 Tunica serosa
80 Appendices epiploicae
81 Tunica mus6ularis
82 Taeniae coli
SPLANCHNOLOGY
34.
1 Taenia mesocolica
2 Taenia omentalis
3 Taenia libera
4 r 2.1& submucosa
5 Tunica mucosa
6 Lam. muscularis mucosae
7 Gl. intestinales pLieberkuehnxj
8 Noduli 3,-ymphavtici ~solitarii
9 Intestinum. rectum
10 Flexura sacralis
11 Flexura perinealis
12 Ampulla recti
13 Tunica muscularis
14 M. sphincter ani internus
15 M. rectococcygeus
16 Tela submucosa
17 Tunica mucosa
18 Lam. m. muccsae _
19 Gl. intestinales ILieberkuehniJ
20 Noduli lynphatici
21 Plicae transversales recti
22 Pare anal is recti
23 Columnae rectales fMorgagnifl
26 Sinus rectales
25 Annul us haeraorrhoidalis
26 PANCREAS
27 Caput pancreatis - .
28 Processus uncinatus tPancreas \
jTWinslowi}
29 Incisura pancreatis
30 Corpus pancreatis
31 Facies anterior
32 Facies- posterior
33 Facies inferior
34 Margo superior
35 Margo anterior
36 Margo posterior
37 Tuber omentale
38 Cauda pancreatis . _
39 Ductus pancreaticus fWirsungi*
40 Ductus pancreaticus accessorius
41 (Pancreas accossorium)
42 Sucous pancreaticus
43 HEPAR
44 Facies Dupsri.br
45 Facies posterior
46 Facies inferior
47 IJargo anterior
48 Incisura umbilicalis
49 Fossae sagittales dextrae
50 Fossa vesicae felleae
51 Fossa venae cavae
52 Fossa sagittalis sinistra
53 Fossa venae umbilicalis
54 Fossa ductus venosi
55 Tunica cerosa
56 Lig. teres hepatis
57 Lig. venosura gArantin
58 Porta hepatis
59 Lobus hepatis dexter
60 Lobus quadratus
61 Lobus caudatus
62 Processus papillaris
63 Processus caudatus
64 Lobus hepatis sinister
65 (Appendix fibrosa hepatis)
66 Irnpressio cardiaca
67 Tuber omentale
68 Impressio oesophagea
69 Impressio gastrica
"70 Impressio duodenalis
71 Impressio colica
72 Impressio renal is
73 Impressio suprarenalis
74 Lobuli hepatis
75 Capsula fibrosa
76 Kami arteriosi interlo^ujares
77 Venae interlobulares
78 Venae centrales
.
SPLAIJCHHCLOCY
35.
1 Ductus biliferi
2 Ductus interlobulares
3 Ductus ftepaticus
4 Vasa aberrantia hepatis
5 Fel Bills
6 Vesica fellea
7 Fund us vesicas fellaea
a Corpus vesicae felleae
9 Collum vesicae felleae
10 Ductus cysticus
11 Tunica serosa vesicae felleae
12 Tunica muscularis vesicae felleae
13 Tunica raucosa vesicae felleae
14 Plicae tun. mucosae v. felleae 30
15 Valvula spiralis Heisteri") 31
16 Ductue choledochus
17 Gl. mucosae biliosae 33
34
19
20
21
22
23
?*
25
26
27
28
29
29
18 LIEN
Facies diaphragmatica
Facies rsnalis
Facies gastrica
Sxtrenitas superior
Extrenitas inferior
Margo posterior
Mar go anterior
Hilus lienis
Tunica eerosa .;
Tunica albuginea
Trabeculae lienis
Trabeculae lienis
Pulpa lienis
Rami lienales {Tarteriae lienalisj
32 Penicilli" - .-
Noduli lumphatici lienales [_Malpighii.|
(Lien eccessorius)
3S APPARATUS RESPIR^ATORIUS
37
38
39
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
36 CAVUM NASI
Hares
Choejnae
Septum nasi
40 Septum cartilagineum
41 Septum oerabraraceuin
Vestibulum nasi
Limen nasi
Sulcus olfactorius
(Concha nasalis suprena
Concha nasalis superior
Concha nasalis media
Concha nasalis inferior
Membrana mucosa nasi
Plexus cavernosi concharum
Agger nasi
Recessus sphenoethmoidalis
Meatus nasi
54 Meatus nasi superior
55 Meatus nasi medius
55 Atrium meatus medii
57 Meatus nasi inferior
58 Meatuc nasi communis
59 Meatus n&sopharyngeus
60 Regie respiratcria
61 Regio olfactoria
62 Gl. olfactoriae
63 Sinus paranasales
64 Sinus raaxillaris
65 Sinus sphenoidalis
66 Sinus frontalis
_67 Cellulae ethmoidales
68 Bulla ethnoidalis
69 Infundibvlum ethmoidale
70 Hiatus semilunaris
71 Gl. nasalea
72 NASUS EXTERNUS
73 Basis nasi
74 Radix naei
SPIANCHNOLOOY
36.
1 Dorsum nasi
2 Margo nasi
3 Apex nasi
4 Ala nasi
5 Septum mobile nasi
6 S^rtilagines nasi
7 Cartilage septi nasi
8 Processus sphenoidalis septi
cartilaginsi
9 Cartilago nasi lateralis
10 Cartilago alaris major
11 Crus mediale
12 Crus late rale
Cartilagines alares minores
Cartilagines sesanoideae nasi
1 a r y n g i
13
15 Organon vomeronasale jacobsonij
16 Cartilago vomeronasalis jjacobsonij
17 (Ductus incisivus)
18 LARYNX
19 Prominent ia Iaryng3a
20 Cartilagines
21 Cartilago thyreoidea
22 Lamina d extra et sinistraj
23 Incisura thyreoidea superior
24 Incisura thyreoidea inferior
25 Tuberculum thyreoideura euperius
26 Tuberculum thyreoideum inferius
27 (Linea obliqua)
28 Cornu superius
29 Cornu inferius
30 (Foramen thyreoideura)
31 Lig. hyothyreoideum laterale
32 Cartilago triticea
33 Lig. hyothyreoideum medium
34 Meribrana hyothyreoidea
35 Cartilago cricoidea
36 Arcus |*cartilaginis cricoideaej
37 Lamina ("cartilaginis cricoideael
38 Facies articularis arytaenoidea
39 Facies articularis tnyreoidea
40 Articulatio cricothyreoidea
41 Capsula articularis cricothyreoidea
42 Ligg. ceratocricoidea lateralia
43 Lig. ceratocricoideum anterius
44 Ligg. csratocricoidea posteriora
45 Lig. cricothyreoideum fmediunfj
46 Lig. cricotracheale
47 Cartilago arytaenoidea
48 Facies jrticularis
49 Basis ^cartilaginis
arytaenoideae}
50 Crista arcuata
51 Collie ul us
52 Fovea oblonga
53 Fovea triangvlaris
54 Apex j^cartilaginisj
arytaenoideae
55 Processus vocalis
56 Processus muscularis ^
57 Cartilago corniculata ^Santorinij
58 Synchondrosis arycorniculata
s 59 Articulatio cricoarytaenoidea
60 Lig. cricopharyngeum
61 Lig. corniculopharyngeum
62 Lig. ventriculare
63 Lig. vocale
64 (Cartilago sesamoidea)
65 Capsula articularis
cricoarytaenoidea
66 Lig. cricoarytaenoideuni posterius
67 Epiglottis
68 Petiolus epiglottidis
69 Tuberculum epiglotticum
70 Cartilago epiglottica
71 Lig. thyreoepiglotticum
72 Lig. hyoepiglotticum
73 Cartilago cuneif ormis {jffrisbergij.
74 Tuberculum cuneiformis (Wrisbergii
75 Tuberculum corniculatum *
^SantoriniJ
76 Musculi laryngis
77 M. aryepiglotticue
78 M. cricothyreoideus
79 Pars recta
SPIANCHNQL001
37.
1 Pars obliqua
2 M. cricoarytaenoideus posterior
3 (M. ceratocriccideus)
4 M. cricoarytaenoideus lateralis
5 Iv , ventricularis
6 M. vocalis
7 M. thyreoepiglotticus __
8 M. thyreoarytaonoideus |_externusj
9 M. arytaenoideus obliquus
10 M, arytaenoideus transversus
11 Cayuin_ larynejs
12 Vallecula epiglottica
13 Aditus laryngis
14 Veetibulum laryngis
15 Riraa vestibuli
16 Labium vocale
17 Glottis
18 Rima glottidis
159 Pars intermrmbranacea
20 Pars inter cartilaginea
21 Ventriculus laryngis MorgagniiJ
22 Appendix ventriculi laryngis
23 Tunica mucosa laryngis
24 Membrana elastica laryngis
25 Conus elasticus
26 Plica glossoepiglottica raediana
27 Plica glossoepiglottica lateralis
28 Plica aryepiglottica
29 Plica nervi laryngei
30 Plica ventricularis
31 Plica vocalis
32 Macula flava
33 Aditus glottidis inferior
34 Aditus glottidis superior
35 Incisura interarytaenoidea
36 Gl. laryngeae
37 01. laryngeae anteriores
38 Gl. laryngeae mediae
39 Gl. laryngeae posteriores
40 Noduli lymphatici laryngei
41 TRACHEA ET BRONCHI
42 Cartilagines tracheales ._
43 Ligg. annularia ftrachealiaj
44 Paries membranacea
45 Gl. tracheales
** Bifurcatio tracheae
47 Bronchus ([dexter et sinisterj
48 Rand bronchialee
49 Ramus bronchialis eparterialis
50 Rami bronchiales hyparteriales
51 Tunica muscularis
52 Tela submucosa
53 Tunica mucosa
54 Gl. tracheales
55 Gl. bronchiales
56 PULMO
57 Basis pulmonis
58 Apex pulrt'onis
59 Sulcus subclavius
60 Facies costalis
61 Facies raediastinalis
62 Facies diaphragmatica
63 Margo anterior
64 Margo inferior
63 Hilus pulmonis
66 Radix pulmonis
67 Incisura cardiaca
68 Lobus superior
69 Lobus medius
70 Lobus inferior
71 Incisura interlobaris
72 Lobuli pulmonum
73 Rami bronchiales
74 Bronchioli
75 Bronchioli respiratorii
76 Ductuli alveolares
77 Alveoli pulrnonura
78 Lymphoglandulae bronchiales
79 Noduli lyraphatici bronchiales
80 Lymphoglandulae pulmonales
. -
3PLANCHNCLOGY
38.
1 CAVUK TKORACIS
2 Fascia endothoracica
3 Cavua pleurae
4 F Leura
5 Cupula pleurae
6 Pleura pulmcnalis
7 Pleura parie tails
3 Pleura mediastinalis
9 Laminae mediastinales
10 Pleura pericardiaca
11 Pleura costalis
12 Pleura diaphragnatica
13 Sinus pleurae
14 Sinus phrenicocostalis
15 Sinus ccstonediastinalis
15 Lig. pulmonale
17 Plicae adiposae
18 Villi pleurales
19 Septum mediastinale
20 Cavum mediastinale anterius
21 Cs.vum mediastinale posterius
22 GL. THYREOIDEA
23 Isthmus gl, thyrebideae
i * (Lob us pyramidalis )
25 Lobus dexter 3t sinisterj
26 Lobuli gl. thyreoideae
27 Stroma gl. thyreoideae
28 (Gl. thyreoideae accessoriae)
29 (Gl. thyreoidea access oria supra-
hyoidca)
30 GLOMUS CAROTICUM
^
31 THYIJUS
32 Lobus j[dexter et einisterj
33 Tractus centralis
34 Lobuli thyaii
35 APPARATUS
36 ORGANA UROPOETICA
dV Ren
38 fergo lateralis
39 Margo medialis
40 Hilus renal is
41 Sinus renalis
42 Facies anterior
43 Facies posterior
44 Extreiaitas superior
45 Extremitas inferior
46 (Irapressio muscularis)
47 (linpressio hepatica)
48 (Irapressio gastrica)
49 Capsula adiposa
50 Tunica fibrosa
51- Tunica muscularis
52 Tubuli renales
53 Tubuli renales contort!
UROGENITALIS
54 Tubuli renales recti
55 Substantia cor-oicalis
56 Substantia medullaris
57 Lobi renalss
58 Pyr3G3.-des renales
5S Basis pyramidis
60 Papillae reiiales
61 Area cribrosa
62 Foramina papillaria
63 Colunu^ae renales
64 Lobuli corticales -^
65 Pars radiata jProcessus Ferreinij
66 Pars convoluta
67 Corpuscula renis TMalpighiil
68 Glocorula.-
69 otipusla glorneruli
70 Pelvis renalis
71 Calyces renales
SPLANOHNOLOGY
39,
1 Calyces renales majores
.3 Calyces renales minores
3 Gl. pelvis renalis
4 Arteriae renis
5 Aa. interlobarec ronis
5 Arteriae arciformes
7 Arteriae interlobulares
8 Vas afferens
9 Vas efferens
It Rarai capsulares
11 Arteriolae rectee
12 Aa. nutriciae pelvis renalis
13 Venae renis
14 Vv. interlobares
15 Venae arciformes
16 Venae interlobulares
17 Venae interlobulares
18 Venae stellatae
19 URETER
20 Pars abdominalis
21 Pars pelvina
22 Tunica adventitia
23 Tunica muscularis
24 Stratum externurn
25 Stratum medium
26 Stratum inter nura
27 Tunica mucosa
28 Gl. mucosae ureter is
29 VESICA URINARIA
30 Vertex vesicae
31 Corpus vesicae
32 Fund us vesicae
33 Lig. umbilicale medium
34 Urachus x
35 Tunica serosa
36 Tunica muscularis
37 Stratum externura
38 Stratum medium
39 Stratum internum
40 11. pubovesicalis
41 M. rectovesicalis
42 Tela submucosa
to Tunica mucosa
44 Gl. VRsicales
45 Noduli lymphp.tici^vesicales
46 Trigonua vesicae (.LieutaudiJ
47 Uvuala vesicae
48 Plica ureterica
49 Orificium ureteris
50 Orificiura urethrae internum
51 Annulus urethralis
52 GLANDULA SUPR&RENALIS
53 Substantia corticalis
54 Substantia nedullarifi
55 Hilus gl. suprarenalis
56 Facies anterior
57 Facies posterior
58 Basis gl . suprarenalis -
59 Apex suprarenalis Tgl. dextrae^
60 hfargo superior
61 Margo medialis
62 Vena centralis
63 (Cl. suprarenales accessoriae)
64 ORGANA CENITALIA
65 ORGANA GENITALIA VIRILIA
66 Testis
67 Extremitas superior
68 Extremitas inferior
69 Facies lateralis
70 Facies medialis
71 Margo anterior
72 Margo posterior
73 Tunica albuginea _ ^
74 Mediastinum testi J.Corpus HighmoriJ
75 Septula testis
i
:
SPLANCLNOLOGY
40
1 Lobuli testis
2 Parenchyma testis
3 Tubuli seminiferi cohtorti
4 Tubuli seminiferi recti
5 Tunica prcpria
5 Rate testis ^Haltler
7 Ductuli_ef ferentes testis
8 Sperca |~ Semen)
9 E p i d i 1 y~m :. s
10 Caput epididymidis
11 Corpus epxdidyrrj.tfis
12 Cauda epididycidis
13 Lobuli epididymidis
14 Ductus e'j.ididymidio
15 Ductuli aberrantes
15 (Ductulus aberrans superior)
17 Appendices testis
18 Appendix testis JU/IorgagniiJ
19 (Appendix epirtidymisj
20 Paradidym'is
21... D-uctus deferens
22 Ampulla ductus deferent is
3 Div6r.-io.ulr.' 1 .ampullae
24 Tunica adventitia
25 Tunica nuscularis
26 Stratum externum
27 Stratum medium
28 Stratun internum
29 Tunica mucosa
30 Ductus e jaculatprius
31 Vesicula seminalis
32 Corpus vesiculae seminalis
33 Tunica adventitia
34 Tunica muscularis
35 Tunica mucosa
36 Ductus excretorius
37 Funiculus sperraaticus et tunicae
testis et funiculi sprenatici
38 (Rudimentum processus vaginalis)
39 Tunica vaginalis propria testie
40 LaniirK. parietalia
4-1 Lamina visceral is
42 Lig. epididymidis superius
43 Lig. epididymidis inferius
44 Sinus epididymidis
45 Tunica vaginalis communes
et funiculi spermaticil
46 M. crenaster
47 Fascia cremasterica
48 Descensus testis* .
49 Gubernaculum testis feunterajx
50 Proatata
51 Basis prostatae
52 Apex prcstatae
53 Facies anterior
54 Faciea posterior _
55 Lobus |_"ciert9r et sinisterj
56 Isthmue' prostatae
57 (Lobus rcedius)
58 Corpus glandulare
60 Succus p-rostaticus
61 M. prostTttisus
62 Glandule, bulbourethralis
63 Corpus gl bulbourethralis
64 Ductus excretorius
65 PARIES OENITALES EXTERNAE
66 PENIS
67 Radix psnis
68 Corpus penis
69 Crus penis
70 Dorsum penis
71 Facies urethralis
72 Glans psnis
73 Corona glandis
74 Septuia glandis
75 Collum glandis
-
.
SPLANCflNGLOGY
41.
1
2
3
A.
5
c.
10
11
12
13
-4
15.
16
17
18
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Praeputium
Frenulum praeputii
Raphe penis
Corpus cavernosum penis
Corpus cavernosura urethras
Bulb us urethrae
7 Hemisphaeria bulbi urethrae
3 Septum bulbi urethrae
Tunica albuginea corporum caverno-
dorurn
Septum penis
Trabeculae corporum cavernosorum
Cr,-ernae corporum cavernosorun
Arteriae helicinae
Venae cavernosae
Lig. suspensorium penis
Fascia penis
Gl. praeputiales
Smegma praeputii
19 URETHRA VIRILIS
P 3 r s prostatica
Crista urethralis
Colliculus seminalis
Utriculus prostaticua
Pars membranacea
P^a rs cavernosa
it" K ..
Rossa navicularis urethrae
Morgagni:Q
27 (Valvula fossae navicularie)
28 Orificium urethrae externum
29 Lacunae urethra^les j^Morgagniil
30 Gl. urethrales fLittreiJ
31 SCROTUM
32 Raphe scroti
33 Septum scroti
34 Tunica dartos
35 ORGANA GENTTALIA MULIEBRIA
36 Qvarium
37 Hilus ovarii
38 Facies medialie
41 Iviargo raesovaricus
42 Extremitas tubaria
43 Extremitas uterina
44 Stroma ovarii
45 Folliculi oophori priraarii ^ <
46 Folliculi cophori vesiculosi jGraafij
47 Theca folliculi
48 Tunica externa
49 Tunica interna
50 Liquor folliculi
51 Stratum granulosum
52 Cumulus oophorus
53 Ovulum
54 Corpus luteun
55 Corpus albicans
56 Lig. ovarii proprium
58
59
60
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
71
72
73
57 Tuba uterina
Ostium abdominale tubae uterinae
Infundibulum tubae uterinae
Fimbriae tubae
61 Fimbria ovarica
Ampulla tubae uterinae
Isthmus tubae utSrinae
Pars uterina
Ostium uterinum tubae
Tunica serosa
Tunica adventitia
Tunica .mucculuris
69 Stratum longitudinale
70 Stratum circulars
Tela eubmucosa
Tunica muscosa
Plicae tubariae
74 Plicae ampullares
75 Plicae isthmicae
76 UEerus
77 Corpus uteri
SPLANCIiNOLOGY
42.
1 Fundus uteri
2 Mar go late rails
3 Fades vesicalis
4 Facies intestinalis
5 Cavuro uteri
5 Orificium internum uteri
7 Cervix uteri ^
8 Portio supre^vaginalis l^cervicisj
9 Portio vaginalis cervicisj
10 Orificium externum uteri
11 Labium anterius
12 Labiun posterius
13 Canalis cervicis uteri
14 Plicae palioatae _
15 Gl. cervicales j~uterij
15 PJStv.t-'vrium ^
17 Tunica serosa {^Perimetriuia \
18 Tunica muscularis
19 Tunica muscularis cervicis
20 Tunica mucosa
21 Gl. uterinaS
22 M. rectouterinus
23 Lig. teres uteri
24 (Processus vaginalis peritonaei)
25 Vagina
26 Fornix vaginae
27 Paries anterior
28 Paries posterior
29 Hymen femininus
30 Carunculae hymenales
31 Tunica muscularis
32 Tunica mucosa
33 Noduli lypphatici vaginales
34 Rugae vagina les
35 Oolumnae rugarum
36 Colucma rugarum posterior
37 Columna rugarum anterior
38 Carina urethralis Pvaginaej
39 Epoophoron
40 Ductus epoophori longitudinalis
FGartneri'1
41 Ductuli transversx, -i
42 Appendices vesiculosi ^MorgagniiJ
43 Pe.ronphoron
44 PARTES GSNITAL3S EXTERNAE
45 Pudendum muliebre
46 Labiuni naijus pudendi
47 Commissura labsorum anterior
48 Commissura labiorum posterior
49 Frenulum labiorum pudendi
50 Rima pudendi -i
51 Fossa navicularis \^vestibuli vaginae j.
52 Labiuni minus pudendi
53 Vestibulum vaginae
54 Bulbus vestibuli
55 Gl. sebaceae
56 Gl, vestibulares minores
57 Orificiuc vaginae
58 Gl . vestjbularia major LBartholini]
59 CLITORIS
60 Crus clitoridis
61 Corpus clitoridis
62 Gltnoialitoridio:'; s
63 Fronulura clitoridia
64 Praeputium clitoridis
65 Smegma clitoridis
66 Corpus cavernosum clitoridis
67 Septum corporuza cavernosorum
68 Fascia clitoridia
69 Lig. suspensorium vlitoridis
70 URETHRA ivIULIEBRIS
71 Orificium urethras externum
72 Corpus spongiosum urethrae
73 Tunica muscularis
74 Stratum circulars
75 Stratum longitudinals
76 Tunica submucosa
77 Tunica mucoea
SPLANCHNCLOGY
43..
1 Gl. urethrales
2 Crista urethralis
3 (Ductus paraurethrale??)
4 Termini ontogenetic-i
5 Morabranae deciduae x
6 Decidua vera x
7 Decidua car/sularis x
8 Decidua t:s.eajLia x
9 Placenta x
10 Placenta uterina x
11 Placenta foetalis x
12 Funiculus umbilicalis*
13 Corpus ~.7olffi x
14 Ductus Wolffi x
15 Ductus Muelleri x
16 Sinus urogenitalis x
17 PERINEUM
18 Raphe perinei
19 Musculi perinei
20 Diaphragma pelvis
21 M. levator ani
22 Arc us tendineus K. levatoris ani
23 M. coccygeus Jjride p. 25J
24 M. sphincter ani externus
25 Lig. anococcygeuffi
26 Fascia pelvis
27 Fascia endopelvina
28 Fascia diaphragmatis pelvis
superior
29 Arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis
30 Lig. puboprostaticum
Ppubovesicale j medium
31 ^ig. puboprostaticum
|pubovesicale3 laterale
32 Fascia diaphragnatis polvis inverior
33 Diaphragma
urogenitale
34 M. transversus perinei profundus
35 M. sphincter urethrae membranaceae
36 Fascia diaphragmatis urogenitalis
superior
37 Fascia diaphragmatis urogonitalis
inferior
38 Lig. transversum pelvis
39 Fascia prostatae
40 Fascia obturatoria
41 Fossa ischiorectalis
42 U. transversus perinei
superficialis
43 M. iscbiocavernosus
44 M. bulbocaverncsus
45 Fascia superficialis perinei
46 PERITONAEUM
47 Tunica serosa
48 Tela subserosa
49 Peritonaeum parietale
50 Peritonaeum viscerale
51 Cavum peritonaei
52 Mesenterium conmune x
53 Meeenterium
54 Radix mesenterii
56 Mesocolon
57 Mesocolon transversum
58 Mesocolon ascendens
59 Mesocolon descendens
60 Mesocolon sigmoideum
61 Mes ore c turn
62 Jfesenteriolum processus
vermif onnis
63 Mesogastrium x
64 Oinentum minus
65 Lig. hepatogastricum
66 Lig. hepatoduodenale
67 (Lig. hepatocolicum)
68 Lig. gastrolienale
69 Lig. gastrocolicuin
70 Gmentum aajus
71 Bursa omentalis
72 Vestibulum bursae omentalis
73 Resessus superior omentalis
74 Recessus inferior omentalis
75 Recessus lienalis
76 Plica ^istropancreatica ^
77 Foramen ipiploicum ^Wirislowi]
GPLANCHNOLOGY
44.
1 Lig. phrenicocolicum
2 Lig. phrenicolienale
3 Lig. falciforme hepatis
4 Lig. coronariurn hepatia
5 Lig. triangulare dextrum
6 Lig. triangulare sini strum
7 Lig. he.patorer.al9
8 (Lig. ducdenorsnale)
9 RecesGus duodeno je junalis
10 Plica duodeno jejuna! is
11 (Plica duodenornesocolica)
12 Recessus inters igmcide us
13 Recessus iliocaecalis superior
14 Recessus iliocaecallis inferior
15 Plica iliocaecalis
16 Fossa caecalis
1 7 Recessus retrocaecalis
18 Plica caecalis
19 Recessus paracolici
20 (Fossa iliacosubfascialie)
21 (Recessus phrenicohepatici)
22 P3.i-:a umbilical is media
23 Plica unbilicalis lateralis
24 Plica epigastrica
25 Plica pubovesicalis
26 Plica vesicalis transversa
27 Mesorchium x
28 Erccessus vaginalis peritonaei x
29 Lig. lattua uteri
30 Me s one "tri urn
31 Meoosalpinx
32 Mesovariurs
33 Bursa ovarica
34 Lig. susper.sorium ovarii
35 Plica rectoutorina (bouglasij
36 Excavatio rectouterina
37 Excavatio vesicouterina
33 Excavatio rectovesicalis
39 Spatium rstroperitonaeale
.- !
ALirnOJ.OGY
45.
1 ANGIOLOGIA
2 Vas collaterals
3 Vas anastomoticurn
4 Ramus communicans
5 Plexus vasculosus
6 Rete vasculosun
7 Rete oirabile
8 Arteria
9 Arteriola
10 Vena
11 Vena cutanea
12 Vena comitans
13 Venula
14 Plexus venosus
15 Rete venosun
16 Sinus {Venosust
17 Enicsariua
18 Corpus cavernosum
19 Ves capillara
20 Vas lyinphaticum
21 Plexus isytnplnticus
22 Lyrpho glanc v.la
23 Noduius lymphaticus
24 Cisterns. n
25 Tunica externa j*adventitia|
26
27
28
29
30
31
32 COR
33 Basis cordis 49
34 Facies sternocostalis
35 Facies diaphran^riatica
36 Apex cordis
37 Incisura apicis~] cordis 52
38 Sulcus longitudinal is anterior 53
39 Sulcus longitudinalis posterior 54
40 Sulcus coronarius
41 Pericardium 56
42 Liquor pericardii 57
43 Ligg. sternopericardiaca 58
44 Sinus transversus pericardii 59
45ri Epicardium 60
46 Myocardium 61
47 Endocardium 62
48 Ventriculus cordis 63
Tunica media
Tunica intimi
Vasa va&orum
Vagina vatsorum
Sanguis
Lympha
Septum ventriculorum
50 Septum musculare ventriculorum
51 Septum membranaceum ventricu-
lorum
Atrium cordis
Auricula cordis
Septum atriorum
55 Pars membranacea septi atriorum
Ostium venosum
Ostium arteriosum
Trabeculae carneae
Vortex cordia
Mm. papillares
Chordae tendineae
Trigona fibrosa
Annuli fibrosi
AETIOLOGY
46.
22
3
4
10
1 ATRIUM DEXTRUM
Mm. pectinati
Sulcus terminalis atrii dexti
Crista -berrainalis
5 Sinus venarum j^cavarum,
6 Limbus fossae ovalis
7 Auricula dextra
8 Tuberculum intervenosun QjoweriJ
9 Valvula verae cavae f inferioris,
EustachiiJ
Fossa ovalis
14
18
19
r
11 Valvula sinus coronarii j^Thebesii]
12 Foramina verarum miniirarum
13 VEMTRICULUS DEXTER
Valvula trieuspidalis
15 Cuspis anterior
16 Cuspis posterior
17 Cuspis medial is
Crista superaventricularis
Conus arteriosus
20 Valvulae semilunares a. pulmonalis
21 Valvula serailunaris anterior
22 Valvula semilunaris dextra
23 Vaivuia semilunaris sinistra
24 Moduli valvularum semilunariuin
25 Lunu?.ae valvularum semilunarium
26 ATRIUM SINISTRUM
27 Auricula sinistra
28 Valvula forascinis ovalis
29 VENTRICULUS SINISTER
30 Valvula bicvspidalis Ijnitralisj
31 Cuspis anterior
32 Cuspis posterior
33 Valvulae semilunares aortae
3S Valvula semilunaris posterior
35 Valvula semilunaris dextra
36 Valvula semilunaris sinistra
37 Noduli alvular.um semilunarium
38 Lunulae valvularum semilunarium
39 ARTERIAE
40 A. PULMONALIS
41 Ramus dexter
42 Ramus sinister ^ ^
43 Ductus arteriosus ^Botalli| x
44 Ligamentum arteriosum
45 A6RTA
46 Aorta ascendens
47 Bulbus aortae- ..
48 Sinus aortae jjfalsalvaej
49 Arcus aortae
50 Isthmus aortae
51 Aorta descendens
52 A. coronaria fcordis] dextra
53 Ramus descendens posterior
54 A. coronaria ^cordisj sinistra
55 Ramus circumflexus
56 Ramus descendens anterior
57 A. AHONYMA
58 (A. thyreoidea ima)
59 A. CAROTIS COIMJNIS
60 A. CAROTIS EXTERNA
61 A. thyreoidea superior
62 Ramus hyoideus
63 Ramus sternocleidonastoideus
64 A. laryngea superior
65 Ramue circothyreoideus
AIIGTOL05Y
47.
_ Ramus anterior
Raraus posterior
3 Rarni glandulares
4- A. pharynzea aseendens
5 A. meningea posterior
6 Rand, pharyngei
7 A. tympanica inferior
8 A, lingual is
9 Raraus hyoideus
10 A. sublingualis
11 Kami dorsales linguae
12 A. profunda linguae
13 A. rraxillaris externa
14 A. palatina aseendens
15 Ramus tonsillaris
16 A. submentalis
17 Rani glandulares
18 A. labialis inferior
19 A. labialis superior
20 A. angularis
21 A. sternocleidogastoidea
22 A. occipi tails
23 Ramus mastoideus
24- Raraus auricularis
25 Rami musculares
26 Ramus descendens
27 (Ramus meningeus)
?.r Rani occipitales
29 A> auricularis posterior
30 A. stylomastoidea
31 A. tympanica posterior
32 Kami castoidei
33 Ramus stapedius
34 Ramus auricularis
35 Ramus occipitalis
36 _A. temporalis superficialis
37 Rami parotidei
38 A. transversa faciei
39 Rarai auricular es anteriores
40 A. zygonxi-fcicoorbitalis
41 A. tawpjraiis media
42 Rarnua frontal is
43 Ranus parietalis
44 A. rosxillaris interna
45 A. auricularis profunda
46 A. tjropanioa anterior
47 A. alveolaris inferior
48 R. mylohyoideus
49 A. inentalie
50 A. merdngea media
51 (Ramus rneningous accessoriue)
52 Ratnns petrosus superficialis
53 A. tympanica superior
54 A. n&Gseterica
55 A. temporalis profunda posterior
56 A. tempoi'alis profunda anterior
57 Rami pterygoidei
58 A, buccinatoria
59 A. alveolaris superior posterior
60 A. infraorbitalis
61 Aa, alveol. superiores anteriores
62 A. palatina descendens
63 A. canalis pterygoidei
64 A. palatina major
65 Aa. palatinae ininores
66 A. sphenopalatina
67 Aa. nasales posteriores laterales et
septi
68 A. CAROTIS INTERNA
69 Ramus caroticotympanicus
70 A_._.ojg)ithe.lmica
71 A. centralis retinae
72 A. lacrimalis
73 Aa. palpebrales laterales
74 Rami musculares
75 Aa. ciliares posteriores breves
76 Aa. ciliares posterioree longae
.
ANGIOLCGY
48,
1 Aa. ciliares anteriores
2 Aa . conjunctivales anteriores
3 Aa. conjunctivales posteriores
4 Aa. episclerales
5 A. supraorbitalis
5 A. ethnoidalis posterior
7 A. ethraoidalis anterior
8 A. meningea anterior
9 Aa. palpebrales mediales
10 Arcus tareus superior
11 Arcus tarseus inferior
12 A. Irontalis
13 A. dorsalis nasi
14 Aa. cerebri
15 A. communicans posterior
16' A. chorioidea
17 A. cerebri anterior
18 A. communicans anterior
19 A. cerebri media
20 A. SUBCLAVIA
21 A. vertebralis
22 Rami spinales
23 A. spinal is posterior
24 A. spinalis anterior
25 Ramus meningeus
26 A. cerebelli inferior posterior
27 A. basilaris
A. cerebelli inferior anterior
A. auditiva interna
Rami ad pontem
A. cerebelli superior
A. cerebri posterior
Circulus artcriosus
28
29
30
31
32
33
34 A. mammaria interna
35 Aa. mediastinales anteriores
36 Aa. thymicae
37 Rarai bronchiales
38 A. pericardiacophrenica
39 Rami sternales
40 Rani perforantes
41 Rami inanimarii
42 Rami musculares
43 Rarai cutanei
44 (Ramus costalis lateralis)
45 Rami intercostales
46 A. inusculoplirenica
47 A. epigastrica superior
48 Truncus thyreQcervicalis
49 A._ thyreoidea inferior
50 A. laryngea inferior
51 Rami pharyngei
52 Rami oesophagei
53 Rami trachealee
54 Rami glandulares
55 A. cervicalis ascendens
56 Rami spinales
57 Rami musculares
58 Ramus profundus
59 A. cervicalis superficialis
60 A. trans versa scapulae
61 Ranus acromialis
62 Truncus costocervicalis
63 A. intercostalis suprena
64 Rami dorsales
65 Rami spinales
66 A. cervicalis profunda
67 A. transversa colli
68 Ramus ascendens
69 Ramus descendens
70 A. AXILLARIS
71 Rami subscapulares
AKGIOLOGY
49.
1 A. thoracalis supreca
2 A. thoracoacromialie
3 Ramus acromialis
4 Rete acromiale
5 Ramus dcltiodeus
6 Rami pectorales
7 A . thorsvcalis lateralis
8 Rami Eanmar.ii extern!
9 A subscapularis
10 A. thcracodorsalis
11 A. circumflexa scapulae
12 A. circimflexa humeri anterior
13 A. circumflexa hurneri posterior
14 BRACHIALIS
15 A profunda brachii
16 Aa. nutritiae humeri
17 R. deltoideus
18 A. collateralis media
19 A. collateralis radialia
20 A. collateralis ulnaris superior
21 A. collateralis ulnaris inferior
22 A. RADIALIS
23 A. recurrens radialit.
24 Rami muscularea
25 Ramus carpeus volaris
26 Ramus volaris superficialie
27 Ramus carpeus dorsalis
28 Rete carpi dorsale
29 Aa. metacarpeae dor sales
30 Aa. digitales dorsales
31 A, princeps pollicis
32 A. volaris indicis radialis
33 Arcus volaris profundus
34 Aa. metacarpeae volares
35 Rami perforantes
36 A. ULNARIS
37 Aa. recurrentes ulnares
38 Rete arfciculare cubiti
39 A. intsrossea communis
40 A. interossea dorsalis
41 A. interossea recurrens
42 A. ir.terosfciea volaris
43 A. mediana
44 Rami musculares
45 Ramus carpeus dorsalis
46 Raraus carpeus volaris
47 Ramus volaris profundus
48 Arcus volaris superiicialis
49 Aa. digitales volares communes
50 Aa. digitales volaree propriae
51 AORTA THORACALIS
52 Rani viscerales
53 Aa. bronchiales
54 Aa. oegophageae
55 Rami pericaraiaci
56 Rami parietales
57 Rami inediastinalee
58 Aa. phrenicae superiores
59 Aa . intercostales
60 Rami posteriores
61 Ramus spinalis
62 Rard musculares
63 Ramus cutaneus medialis
64 Ranus cutaneus lateralis
65 Rami anteriores
66' Rami musculares
67 Raini cutanei late rales
pectorales et abdominales
68 Ramus posterior
AWGIOLOGY
50.
1 Ramue anterior
2 Kami rramrnarii laterales
3 Kami cutanei anteriores fpecto-
rales et abdominaletj
4 Rami mamarii mediales
5 AORTA AHDOMINALIS
6 Rami parietales
7 A. phrenica inferior
8 Rami suprarenaies superiores
9 Aa . lumbales
1U Rasun dor sal is
11 Ramus spinalis
12 A . sac ra 1 i s __ me d ia
13 A. lumbalis iira
14-. Glomus coccygeum
15 Rami viscerales
16 _ A. coeliaaa
17 A. gastrica sinistra
18 Rami oeaophagei
19 A, hepatica
20 A. gastrica dextra
21 A. hepatica propria
22 Ramus dexter
23 A. cystica
24 Ramus sinister
25 A. gastroduodenalis
26 A. pancreaticoduoden. superior
27 Racii pane res tic i
28 Rami duodenales
29 A. gastroepiploica dextra
30 Rami epiploici
31 A. lienalis
32 Rami pancreatici
A, gaslSrtoepiploica sinistra
34 a. gastricae >reves .
35 Rami lianales
36 A. mesenterica superior
37 Aa. intest males
38 A. pane rea tic oduodenalis
inferior
39 Aa. jejunales
40 Aa. ileae
41 A. ileocolica
42 A anpendicularis
43 A. colica dextra
44 A. colica media
' 45 A. mesenterica inferior
46 A. colica sinistra
47 Aa. sigmoideae
48 A. haemorrhoidalis superior
49 A. spprarenalis media
50 A. renal is
51 A. suprarenalis inferior
52 A , spernatica interna
53 A. testicularis
54 A. ovarica
55 A. ILIACA COMMUNIS
56 A. HYPOGASTRICA
57 Rami parietales
58 A. iliolumbalis
59 Ran>us lumbalis
6C Ramus spinalis
61 Ramus iliacus
62 A. sacralis lateralis
63 Rami spinales
64 A. obturator ia
65 Ramus pubicus
66 Ramus anterior
67 Ramus posterior
68 A. acetabuli
.
ANGIOLOGY
51.
I A... (tlutaea superior
2 Ramus superior
3 Ranus inferior
4 A . Flutae-a inferior
5 A. comitans n. ischiadici
6 Rami viscerales
7 _ A . umbilical ig_
8 Aa. vesicales superiores
9 J^Li Amentum uabilicale laterals]
10 A. ve-sicalis inferior
II A. deferentialis
12 _ A. uterina
13 A. vaginalis
14 Ranus ovarii
15 Ranus tubarius
16 A . haenorrhoidalis media
17 A. pudenda interns.
18 A. haemorrhoidalis inferior
19 A. perinei
20 Aa. scrotales posteriores
21 Aa. lahiales posteriores
22 A. penis
23 A. urethralis
24 A. bulbi urethras
25 A. bulbi vestibuli jTvaginaej
26 A. profunda penis
27 A. dorsalis penis
28 A. clitoridis
29 A. profunda clitoridis
30 A. dorsalis clitoridis
31 A. ILIACA EX1ERKA
32 A. epigastrica inferior
33 Ramus pubic us
34 Ranus obturatorius
35 A. epermatica externa
36 A. lig tsretis uteri
37 A. circumflexa ilium profunda
38 A. FEMORALIS
39 A. epigastrica superficialie
40 A. circumflexa ilium superficialis
41 Aa. pudendae externae
42 Aa. scrotales anteriores
43 Aa. labiales anteriores
44 Ranii ing'jinales
45 A. profunda femoris
46 A. circumflexa femoris sfcdialis
47 Ramus superficialis
48 Ramus profundus
49 Ramus acetabuli
50 A. circunflexa femoris lateralis
51 Ramus ascendens
52 Ramue descendens
53 A. perfcr&ns prima
54 A. nutritia feaoris superior
55 A. perforans secunda
56 A. perforans tertia
57 A. nutritia femoris inferior
58 Rami musculares
59 A. genu suprema
60 Rami musculares
61 Ranus saphenus
62 Rami articulares
63 A. POPLITEA
64 A. genu superior lateralis
65 A. genu superior medialis
66 A. genu media
67 Aa. surales
68 A. genu inferior lateralis
69 A. genu inferior medialis
70 Rete articulare genu
71 Rete patellae
,
ANGICLOEY
52.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17
1 A. tibialis anterior
.(A. recurrens tibialis posterior)
A. recurrens tibialis anterior
A. malle olaris anterior lateralis
A. iralleolaris anterior medialie
Rete nalleolare mediale
Rate nalleolars laterals
A. dorsalis pedis
A. tarsea laxeralis
Aa . tarseae mediales
A. arcuata
Aa. metatarseeie dorsales
Aa. digi tales dorsales
Ramus plantar is prof undue
16 A. tibialis posterior
Ramus fibularis
18 A. peronaea
19 A. r.utrici.a fibulae
20 Ramus perfcrans
21 Ramus coomvnicans
22 A. nalie olaris posterior lateralis
23 Raini calcanei laterales
24 A. nufcritia tibiae
25 A. calleolaris posterior medialie
26 Rami calcanei raediales
27 Rete calcaneum
28 A. 'plantaris rcedialis
29r ??" . iKtpvcf undue
30 Ramu? superf icialis
31 A. plantaris lateraiis
32 Arc us plantaris
33 Aa. ir<rtatarseae plantares
34 Rami perforantes
35 Aa. digixales plantares
36 VENAE
37 VENAE PULMONALES
38 Vv. pu3monales dextrae
39 Vv. pulmonales sinistrae
40 W. CORDIS
41 Sinus coronarius
42 V. cordis nagna
43 V. posterior ventriculi sinistrt
44 V. obliqua atrj.i sinistri
45 Lig. v. cavae sinistrae
46 V. cordis media
47 V. cordis parva
48 Vv. cordis anteriores
49 Vv. cordis mininae
50! tVENA CAVA SUPERIOR
51 VV. ANONYMAE DEXTRA ET SINISTRA
52 Vv, thyreoideae inferiores
53 V. thyreoidea ima
54 Plexus thyreoideus impar
55 V. laryngea inferior
56 Vv. thymicae
57 Vv. pericardiacae
58 Vv. phrenicae superiores
59 Vv. mediaetinales anteriores
60 Vv. bronchiales anteriores
61 Vv. tracheales
52 Vv. oesophageae
63 V. vertebralis
64 V. cervicalis profunda
65 V. nanacaria interna
66 Vv. subcutaneae abdominis
6C V. epigastrica superior
68 V. intercostalis suprena
69 V, JUGULARIS INTERNA
70 Bulbus venae jugularis superior
71 V. canaliculi cobhleae
. *;
V ,-
ANGIOLOGY
53,
1 Bulbus v. jugulafcis inferior
2 Plexus pharyngeus
3 Vv. pharyngeae
4 Vv. meningeae _ _
5 Vv. cam),ia pterygoidei Ividiij
6 V. lingualis
7 Vv. dorsales linguae
8 V. sublingualio
9 V. comitans n. hypoglossi
10 (Vv. thyrenjdoae superiores}
11 V. sternoclsidoirastoidea
12 V. laryngea superior
13 Sirus durae matris
14 Sinus transversua
15 Confluens siriuum
16 Vv. auditivae internae
17 Sinus occipitalis
18 Plexus basilaris
19 Sinus sagittalis superior
20 Sinus sagittalis inferior
21 Sinus rectus
22 Sinus petrosus inferior
23 Sinus petrosus superior
24 Sinus cavernosus
25 Sinus intercavernosus anterior
26 Sinus intercavernosus posterior
27 Sihus circularis
28 Sinus sphenopariet^lis
29 Venae diploicae
30 V. diploica frontalis
31 V. diploica temporalis anterior
32 V. diploica temporalis .j-poeteior
33 V. diplooa-i occipitalis
34 Emissarium parietale
35 Emissarium mastoideura
36 Emissarium condyloideum
37 Emissarium oocipitale
38 Rete canalis hypoglossi
39 Rete forarainis ovalis
40 Plexus venosus caroticus internus
42 Vv
43 V.
44 Vv
45 Vv
46 Vv
47 Vv
48 V.
49 V.
50 V.
51 V,
52 V.
53 V.
54
55 V.
56 V.
57 V.
58 V.
59 Vv
60 Vv
61 Vv
62 Vv
63 V.
64 Vv
65 Vv
66 Vv
67 Vv
68 V.
41 Venae cerebri
cerebri superiores
cerebri media
csrobri inferiores
. cerebtlli .superiwres
cerebelJ-i inferiores
cerebri internae
cerebri nagna
eepti pe.lluci.di
termite 1'jj.
basalis jfhoBentbaliJ
chorioi^e'a
ophthalmomeningea
y. ophthajjpj.ca superior
n?.sci'rcnbalis
e-thmoidal.is anterior
othmoidalis posterior
lacrio?.lis
vorticoaae
. ciliares posteriores
ciliares anteriores
centralis retinae
episclerales
palpebra3.es
conjunctivales anterioree
co njuncti vales posteriores
oDhthalmica inf er^ ^ r
69 V. FACIALIS COUMUNIS
70 A. facialis anterior
71 V. angularis
72 Vv. frontalea
73 V. supraorbitalis
74 Vv. paHpebrales superiores
75 Vv. nasales externae
76 Vv. palpeorales inferiores
77 V. labialis superior
54.
1 V. labialis inferior
2 Vv. massetericae
3 Vv. parotideae anteriores
4 V. palatina
5 V. submentalis
6 V. facialis posterior
7 Vv. temporalsr superficiales
8 Vv. auricularec snteriores
9- Vv. parotideae posteriores
10 Vv. articular?s rcandibulae
11 Vv. tymps.nicae
12 V. stylomastoidea
13 V. trahsversa faciei
14 V. temporalis media
15 Plexus pterygoideus
16 Vv. meningeae mediae
%L-7 Vv. temporal es profundae
18 V. thyreoidea superior
19 V. JUGULA.RIS EX1ERNA
20 V. occipitalis
21 V. auricularis posterior
22 V. jugularis anterior
23 Arcus venosus juguli
24 (V. rr.ediana colli)
25 V. transverse scapulae
26 V. SUBC1AVIA
27 V. thoracoacromialis
28 Vv. transversae colli
29 V. AXILLARIS
30 V. thoracalis lateralis
31 Vv. costoaxillares
22 Vv. thoracoepigastricae
33 Plexus vencsus mamillae
34 Vv. trachiales
35 Vv. radiales
36 Vv. ulnares
37 V. cephalica
38 V. cephalica accessoria
39 V. basilica
40 V. rcediana cubiti
41 (V c scdiF.na antibrachii)
42 (V. modiuna basilica)
43 (V, mediana cephalica)
44 Rete venosum dorsale manus
45 Vv. intsrcapitulares
46 Arcus volaris venosus superf icialis
47 Arcus volaris venosus prof undue
48 Vv. digitales volares communes
49 Vv. metacarpeae dorsales
50 Vv. metacarpeae volaree
51 Vv. digitales volares propriae
52 Arcus vonosi digitales
53 V, A2YGOS
54 V. hernia zygos
55 V. hemiazygos accessoria
56 Vv. intercostales
57 Ranus dorsalis
58 Racus spinalis
59 Vv. oesophageae
60 Vv. bronchiales posteriores
61 V. lumbalis ascendens
62 Plexus venosi vertebrales extern!
64 Plexus venosi vertebrales
arvteriores
65 Plexus venosi vertebrales
posteriores
66 Plexus venosi vertebrales intern!
67 Retia venosa vertebrarum
68 Sinus vertebrales longitudinalee
69 Vv. intervertebralee
70 Vv. spinales externae anteriores
ANGIOLOGY
55.
1 Vv. spinales externae posteriores
2 Vv. spinales internae
3 V. CAVA INFERIOR
4 Radices pari
5 V. phrenica inferior
6 Vv. lumbales
etales
7 Radices visceral es
8 Vv. hepaticae
9 Vv. renales
10 Vv. suprarenales
11 V. spermatica
12 V. testicularis
13 V. ovarica
14 Plexus pampiniforaiis
15 VENA PORTAE
16 V. coronaria ventriculi
17 V, meeenterica superior
18 18 Vv. intestinales
19 V. gastroepiploica dextra
20 Vv. pancreaticae
21 V. ileocolica
22 Vv. colicae dextrae
23 V. colica media
24 Vv. pancreaticoduoderales
25 Vv . duodenales
26 V. mesenterica inferior
27 V. colica einistra
28 Vv. sigraoideae
29 V. haemorrhoidalis
superior
30 V. lienalis
31 Vv. gastricae breves
32 V. gastroepiploica sinistra
33 V. cystica
34 Vena umbilicalie x
35 Ductus venosus ArantiiJ x
36 Vv. parumbilicales fSappeyij
37 VENA ILIACA COMMUNIS
38 V. sar.ralis media
39 V. HYPOGASTRICA
40 Vv. glutaeae superiores
41 Vv. glutaeae inferiores
42 Vv . obturatoriae
43 Vv. sacrales laterales
44 V. iliolumbalis
45 Plexus cji.crs.lif, -interior
46 Plexus haemorrhoidalia
47 Plexus vesicalis
48 Plexus pudendalis
49 V. dorsalis penis
50 Vv, profundae penis
51 V. dorsalis clitoridis
52 Vv. profundae clitoridis
53 Vv. uterinae
54 Plexus uterovaginalis
55 V. haemorrboidalis media
56 Vv. haemorrhoidales inferiores
57 Vv, scrotales posteriores
58 V. ILIACA EXTERNA
59 V. epigastrica inferior
60 V. circunfloxa ilium profunda
61 V. femoralis
62 Vv. dorsales penis subcutaneae
63 Vv. scrotales anteriores
64 Vv. pudendae externae
65 V. epigastcica superficialis
66 V. saphena nagna
67 V. eaphena accessoria
68 V. circumflexa ilium superficialis
69 Vv. circumflexae femoris mediales
70 Vv. circumflexae femoris laterales
71 Vv. comitantes
72 Vv. profundae femoris
73 Vv. perforantes
ANG.TGLOGY
56.
1 V. saphena parva
2 V. femoropoplitea
3 Vv. peronaeae
4 Vv. popliteae
5 Vv. tibiales posteriores
5 Vv. tibiales antariores
7 Rete venosum dorsale pedis
8 Arcus venosus dorsalis pedis
9 Vv. digitales communes pedie
10 Vv. metatarseae dorsales pedis
11 Vv. intercapitulares
12 Rete venosum plantare
13 Arcus venosus plantaris
14 Vv. metatarseaa plantares
15 Vv. digitalos pedis dorsales
16 Vv. digitales plantares
17 S Y S T E M A
18 VASA LYMPHATICA
19 Vasa lymphatica superficialia
20 Vasa lymphatica profunda
21 Truncus jugular is
22 Truncus subclavius
23 Truncus bronchomediastinalis dexter
24 Ductus lymphatic us dexter
25 Ductus thoracicus
26 Trunci lumbales
27 Truncus intestinalis
28 Cisterna chyli
29 Lymphoglandulae
30 Vasa afferentia
31 Vasa efferentia
32 Substantia corticalis
33 Substantia medullaris
34 Hilus
35 Lymphoglandulae occipi tales
36 " auriculares posteriores
37 " auriculares anteriores
38 " submaxillares
39 " faciales profundae
40 " parotideae
41 " cervicales superficialea
L Y M P
H A T I C U M
42
Lynpho gland ulae cervicales profundae
43
44
superiores
" ' cervicales profundae inf eriores
45
" axil! a re s
exter 46
47
48
49
50
51
11 eubscapulares
* F ec '*' ora ^ es
* epi gastricae
" cubitales superficiales
'.* cubitales profundae
n tracheales
52
" bbonchiales
53
? intercostalee
54
55
^ mediastinales posteriores
V mediastinales anteriores
56
" eternales
57
fl iliacae
58
11 lumbales
59
w coeliacae
60
61
62
63
64
" gastricae superiores
11 gastricae inferiores
* hepaticae
" pancreaticolienales
mesentericae
65
? mesocolicae
66
* hypogastricae
ANGIOLOGY
57.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Lymphoglandulie sacrales
" inguinales
eubinguinales superficiales
subirguinales profundae
" popliteae
(Lymphoglandula tibialis anterior)
7 PLEXUS LYMPHATICI
Plexus jugularis
9
Plexus
10
Plexus
11
Plexus
12
Plexus
13
Plexus
14
Plexus
15
Plexus
16
Ploxue
17
Plexus
axillaris
rcamrcarius
lumbalis
aortic us
sacralis medius
hypogastricus
cooliacus
iZiacus externus
inguinal is
NEUROLOGY
58
1 NSUROLOGIA
2 Nervus
3 Ganglion
4 Substantia alba
5 Substantia gricea
6 Substar.tia golatinosa
7 Taenia telarura
8 Spend yma ventriculorum
9 Sulcus limitans ventriculorum
10 Nuclei nervorum cerebraliun
13
14
15
16
17
18
IJ. Nuclei originis
12 Nuclei terminales
Ranius conmunicans
Ranius anastomotisus
Ranius muscular a e
Narvus cutaneus
Nervuc articularis
Plexus nervcrum spinalium
19 Y S T E M 'A NERVORUM CENTRALS
20 MEDULLA SPINALIS
21 Pars cervicalis
22 Intumescentia cervicLiis
23 Pars thoracalis
24 Pars lumbalis
25 Intumescentia lumbalis
26 Conus medullaris
27 Filum terninale
28 Ventriculus terminalis
29 Fissura mediana anterior
30 Sulcus medianus posterior
31 Sulcus latdralis anterior
32 Sulcus lateralis posterior
33 Sulcus intermedius posterior
34 (Sulcus interaedius anterior)
35 Funiculi medullae spinalis
36 Funiculus anterior
37 Funiculus lateralis
38 Funiculus posterior
39 Sectiones medullae spinalis
40 Canalia centralis
41 Substantia grisea centralis
42 CoramiGsura anterior alba
43 Conmissura anterior grisea
44 Commifsura posterior
45 Columnae griseae
46 Columna anterior
47 Colurana lateralis
48 Coluana posterior
49 Cervix columnae posterioris
50 Apex columnae posterioris
51 Subetantia gelatinosa [JRolandij
52 Nucleus dorsalis |jStillingi,
Clarkii]
53 Fromatio reticularis
54 Funiculus anterior
55 Fasciculus cerebrospinalis
anterior f pyramidalis anteriorj
'
:
: .
-
NFJRCLOCY
59
1 Fasciculus anterior propriuc
|Flechsigi)
2 Funiculus lateralis
3 Fasciculus cerebrospinalis
lateralis Tpyraraidalis
lateralisj
4 Fasciculus cerebellospinalis
;> 5 Fasciculus anterqlateralis
superficialis [howersl]
c 6 Fasjsiculus lateralis proprius
{_F.lechpigiJ
7 Funicutus posterior
8 Fasciculus gracilis
9 'Faccie'jjM" 1 cunoatus
10 ENCEPHALON
-11 RH01TBENCEPHALOH
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
12 ' HYELENCEPHALON
13 M e d u 1 1 a
oblongata
Fissura mediana posterior
Fissura mediana anterior
Foramen caecum
Pyraniis nedullae
oblongatae
Decussatio pyraaidum
S ; ulcus lateralis anterior
Sulcus lateralis posterior
Oliva
Corpus restifonae
Funiculus lateralis
Funiculus cuneatus
Tuberculura ciRareum
.Funiculus grr.cJLlis
27 Clava
Fibrae arcuatae externae
29 Sectiones laedullae
"oblongatr.e "
Raphe
Stratum nuclear e
' NuoleuSv.n.' hypoglossi 59
Nucleus ambiguus 60
Nucleus alae cinereae
Tractus solitarius
Ruclens^tractus solitarii 62
Tractus spinalis n. trigemini
Nucleus tractus spinalis n. trigemini
trigemini
Nucleus funiculi gracilis 64
65
40 Nucleus funiculi cunes.ti
41 Nuclei la.terales
42 Nucleus olivaris inferior
43 'Hiluj'' nuclei olivaris
44 Nuc-lsus olivaris accessorius
mGj'.s.lis
45 Nucleus olivaris accessorius dor-
sal is
46 Nuclei arcuati
47 Fibrae arcuatae internae
48 Substantia reticularis grisea
49 Substantia reticularis alba
50 Fasciculus longitudinal is
medialis
51 Stratum interolivare lemnisci
53 Corpus restiforae
54 Fasciculi corporis restiformis
55 Fibrae cerebellooliv?.res
56 Fasciculi pyrrnidales
57 Fibr?.e arcuatae externae
58 Ventriculus
q u a r t u s
Fossa rhomboidea
Pc.rs inferior fossae rhomboid*
eae
61 [calamus scriptorius}
Pars intermedia T fossa rhom-
boideae)
63 Recessus lateralis fossae
rhomboideae
Pars superior fo%sae rhomboidea* .
Sulcus limitans I fossae rhoznboideapj
66 Fovea inferior
-
. ' H
.
NECROLOGY
60
1 Fovea superior
Trigonum n. hypoglossi
3 Striae medullares
4 Eminent is. medial is
5 Colliculus facialis
6 Ala cinerea
7 Area acustica
8 Locus caeruleus
9 Tegmen ventrict'.li quarti
10 Velum meduilare posterius
11 Taenia ventriculi quarti
12 Obex
13 Lamina chorioidea epithelialis
14 (Apertura taedialiB'
ventriculi quarti) .
15 I Foramen MagendiiJ )
16 (Apertura lateral is ventriculi
quarti)
17 Fastigium
18 METENCEPHALON -
19 Pons |[v a r o 1 i ij
20 Sulcus basilaris
21 Fasciculus obliquus Tpontisj
22 (Fila lateralia pontis)
23 Brachium pontis
24 Sectiones pontis
25 Pars dorsalis
pontis
26 Raphe .
27 Nucleus n. abducentis
28 Nuclei motorii n. trigemini
29 Radix descendens jjnesencephalicaj
n. trigemini
30 Tractus spinalis n. trigemini
31 Nucleus tractus spinalis n.
trigemini
32 Nucleus n. facialis
33 Radix n. facialis
34 Pars prima
35 Genu internum
36 Pars secunda
37 Nuclei n. acustici
38 Nuclei n. cochlearis
-\
39 Nuclei n. vestibularis
40 Nucleus olivaris superior
41 Nucleus lemnisci lateralis
42 Fasciculus longitudinal! s
asdialis
43 Format io reticularis
44 Corpus trapezoideum
45 Lemniscus
46 46 Lemniscus media lie
jsensitivusj
47 Lenniscus lateralis
acusticusj|
48 Pars basilaris
pontis
49 Fibrae pontis profundae
50 Fasciculi loneitudinales
fpyramidalesj
51 Nuclei pontis
52 Fibrae pontis superficiales
53 Cerebellum
54 Gyri cerebelli
55 Sulci cerebelli
56 Vallecula cerebelli
57 Incisura cerebelli anterior
58 Incisura cerebelli posterior
59 Sulcus horizontalis cerebelli
60 Fissura transversa cerebelli
61 Vermis
62 Lingula cerebelli
63 Vincula lingulae cerebelli
64 Lobulus centra lis
65 Monticulus
66 Culmen
67 Dec live
68 Folium vermis
69 Tuber verjzds
70 Pyramis_ (jrermisj
71 Uvula jjermisj
72 Nodulus
73 Hemisphaerium
cerebelli
74 Facie s superior
75 Ala lobuli centralis
76 Lobulus quadrangular is
77 Pars anterior
78 Pars posterior
I
..
.61
1 Lobulus semilunaris superior
Facies inferior
3 Lobulus semilunaris inferior
Lobulus graci'jic
Lobulus biventer
Tonsilla cerebelli
Flocculus
(Flocculi secondarii)
Pedunculus flocculi
cerebelli
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 Nidus
10 _ S ectiones
11 Corpus meduYIare
12 Laminae medullares
13 Arbor vitae
14 Subatantia corticalis
15 LLamina basalisj i
16 ^Stratum cinereumj ^
17 fstratum gangliosumj
18 [Stratum granulosumj
19 Nucleus dentatus
20
21
22
23
24
25
27
31
32
Hilus nuclei dentati
Nucleus fastigii
Nucleus globosus
Nucleus emboliformis
C'jpsula nuclei dentati
Isthmus rhombencephali
Brachiura confunc t ivum
i'V* lateraliB
29 Lemniscus medialis
30 Triftonum lemnisci
Velum medullare anterius
Frenulura veil medullaris
anterior is
33 Sect iones isthmi ^
"Tvi33'"Fedunculus cerebrij
34 Ganglion interpedunculare
35 Nucleus n. trochlearis
36 CEREBRUM
$7 Facies convexa cerebti
38 Facies medialis cerebri
39 Basis csrebri
40 PffiSENCEPHALON
41 f E4* c .,i ' B : \n-
feriorj -
42 Fossa interpeduncularis {jTariniJ
43 Recesbus anterior
44 Rocessus posterior
Substantia perforata posterior
46 Pedunculus
e r e b r i
45
47 Aquaeductus cerebri
48 Sulcus lateralis
49 Sulcus n. oculomotorii
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
60
62
63
64
65
50 Sectiones pedunduli
Tegmentum
Stratum griseum centra le
Formatio reticularis
Fasciculus longitudinalis
medialis
Radix descendens n. trigercini
Nucleus radicis descendentis
n. trigemini
Nucleus n. oculomotorii
Nuclei tcgrmenti
59 Nucleus ruber
Decussationes tegmentorum
61 Decussatio bvachii
conjunctive
Lemniscus lateralis
Lemniscus medialis
Substantia nigra
Basis 1 peduncu
li
62
Corpora
quadrigemina
Lanina quadrigemina
S..- Colliculus superior
4 Colliculus inferior
5 Brachiun quadrigeminum superius
6 Brachium qvadrigeminum infer ius
7 Sect iones corporum quadr igeminorum
' B Stratun z'olia 15
9 Stratum grfseum colliculi superior is
10 Nucleus colliculi inferioris
11 Stratum album profundum
12 PRCSENOWPHALON
15 '
14 Ventriculus tertius
15 Aditus ad aquaeductum cerebri
16 Commissura posterior Pcerebri] _
17 Foramen interventriculare fMonroij
18 Sulcus hypothalamicus fMonroil
19 Massa intermedia
20 Recessus opticus
21 Recessus infundibuli
22 Commissura anterior [cerebri]
25 Recessus triangularis
24 Hypothalamus
25 Pars mamillaris
hypothalami
26 Corpus manillare
27 Pars optica
hypothalami
28 Tuber cinereum
29 Infundibulum
5O Hypophysis
31 LobuB anterior
32 Lobvie posterior
33 Tractus opticus
34 Radix media lis
35 Radix lateralis
36 Chiasma opticum
37 Lamina terminalis
53 So ctiones nypothalaroi
39 Nucleus
[ Corpi
40 P?.rs grit-ea hj'pothalami .
41 Ccirra:.33ura superior OfeynertiJ
42 Comiixs^ura inferior ^Guddenij
43 Nuclei corpcris mamillaris
44 Fasciculus thalamcmaraillaris
iVicq' d'AzyriJ
45 Fascicuii pedunculomamillares
46 Pars tegmentalis
47 Pars barsilaris
48 Ansa peduncularis
49 Ai:c9. lenticularis
50 Pedunculus thalami inferior
51 Thalamencephalon
52 Thalamus
53 Pulvir.ar
54 Tvbercu'ium anterius thalami
55 Taenia thalami
55 Stria inodullaris
57 Lamira chcrioidea epithelialis
58 Metathalamus
59 Corpus geniculatum media le
60 Corpus geniculatum laterale
61 Epithalamus
62 Corpus pineale
63 Receesus p5.nealis
64 Reoessus suprapinealis
65 Habonula
66 Commissura habenularum
67 Trigonum habenulae
68 Sec-i,iones thalamencephali
69 Stratum"?, ona ie
70 Nucleus anterior thalani
71 Nucleus medialis thalami
72 Nucleus lateralis thalami
73 Laminae medullares thalami
NEUROLOGY
63
3
4
8
9
10
13
14
15
16
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Nucleus corporis geniculati
medialis
Nucljjus corporis geniculati
lateralis
Nucleus habenulae
Fasciculus retroflexus
6 _ Horii.cn haerium
7 Pal ITu m
Fissura longitudinalis cerebri
Fissura transversa cerebri
Cyri cerebri
11 Cyri profundi
12 Gyri transitivi
Sulci cerebri
Impressio petrosa
Fossa cerebri lateralis
(Sylvii)
Fissura cerebri lateralis
(Sylvii)
17 Ramus posterior
18 Ramus anterior ascendens
19 Rarnus anterior horizontalis
Lobi cerebri
I n s u 1 a
Gyri insulae
Gyrus longus insulae
Gyri breves insulae
Sulcus circularis (Reili)
Operculum
27 Pars frontalis
28 Pare parie talis
29 Pars teraporalis
Sulcus centralis (Rolandi)
Gyrus centralis anterior
Gyrus centralis posterior
Lob us frontalis
Polus frontalis
Sulcus praecentralis
Gyrus frontalis superior
Sulcus frontalis superior
Gyrus frontalis medius
39 Pars superior
40 Pars inferior
41 SuJcus frontalis inferior
42 <2yrus frontalis inferior
43 Pars opercularis
44 Pare triargularis
45 Pars orbitalis
46 Gyrus rectua
47 Sulcus olfactorius
48 Gyri orbitales
49 Sulci orbitales
50 Lobustemporalis
51 Polus tenporalis
52 Sulci temporales transversi
53 Gyri temporales transversi
54 Gyrus teraporalis superior
55 Sulcus tempo ralis superior
56 Gyrus teraporalis medius
57 Sulcus temporalis medius
58 Gyrus tenporalis inferior
59 Lulous temporalis inferior
60 Fissara collateralis
51 Gyrus fusiformis
62 Gyrus lingualis
63 I. o b Q a occipitalis
64 Polus occipitalis
65 Sulcus occipitalis transversus
66 Gyri occipitales superiores
67 Sulci occipitales superiores
68 Gyri occipitales lateraleo
69 Sulci occipitales laterales
70 Lobusparietalis
71 Lobulus parietalis superior
72 Sulcus interparietalis
73 Lobulus parietalis inferior
74 Gyrus supramarginalis
75 Hyrus angularis
76 Facies medialis heuds-
phaerii
77 Sulcus corporis callosi
78 Sulcus cinguli
79 Pars subfrontalis
64
5
6
7
8
1 Pars marginalis
2 Sulcus subparietalis
3 Fissura hippocampi
4 Gyrus fornicatus
Gyrus cinguli
Isthmus gycJL fornicati
Gyrus hippocampi
Uncus fgyri hippocampij
9 Suhjgtanti..^ reiicularis alba
{Arnolciij
10. Lobulus paracentralis
11 Praecuneu'?
12 Fissura parietooccipitalis
13 Fissura calcarina.
14 Cuneus
15 Corpus callosum
16 Splcnium corpcris callosi
17 Truncus corporis callosi
18 Genu corpcris callosi
19 Rostrum corporis callosi
20 Lamina rostralis
21 Striae transversao
22 Stria longitudinnlis medialis
23 Stria longitudinalis lateralis
24 Fasciola cinerea
25 F o r n i x
26 Crus fornicis
27 Corpus fornicis
28 Taenia fornicis
29 Columna fornicis
30 Pars liber a columnae
fornicis
31 Pars tecta columnae
fornicis
32 Septum
pellucidum
33 Lamina septi pellucidi
34 Cctvum septi pellucidi
35 Ventriculus
lateralis
36 Pars centralis
37 Cornu anterius
38 Cornu posterius
39 Cornu infer ius
40 Corpus striatum
41 Nucleus caudatus
42 Caput nuclei caudati
4.3 Cauda nuclei caudati
44 Stria termnalis
45 Lamina af'fira
46 Taenxa chorioidea
47 Laniira chorioidea epithelialis
48 Calcar avis
49 (Bulbus cornu posteriofcis
50 Eminentia collateralis
51 Irigonum collaterale
52 Hippocampus
53 Fimbria hippocampi
54 Taenia fimbriae
55 Digitationes hippocampi
56 Fascia dentata hippocampi
57 Commissura hippocampi
"
58 R- h-J. n e n"-c 0>p-h.o. I o n :
59 Sulcus rarolfactorius, Anterior -s
Qrhinencephalil
60 Pars anterrot
61 Lobus olfactorius
62 Bulbus olfactorius
63 Tractus olfactorius
64 Trigonum olfactorium
65 Stria medialis
66 Stria intermedia ..
67 Area parolfactoria ^Brocae]
68 Sulcus parolf actor ius posterior
69 Parf posterior
fr rrintnc e pha 1 ij
70 Gyrus suboallosus "jlPedunculus
corporis callosij
71 Substantia perforate anterior
72 Stria olfactoria lateralis
73 Limen insulae
74 Sectiones telencephali
75 Substantia corticalis
76 Centrum semiovale
77 Decursus fibrarum cerebraliun
NEUROI OOY
65
1 Fibrae arcuatae cercbri
2 Cingulum
3 Fasciculus longitudinalis
superior
4 Fasciculus longitudinalis
inferior
5 Fasciculus uncinatus
6 Radiatio corporis callosi
7 Pars frontalis
8 Pars parietalis
. 9 Pars temporalis
10 Pars occipitalis
11 Tapetum
12 Nucleus lentifornis
13 Putamen
14 Globus pallidus
15 Claustrum
16 Capsula externa
17 Capsula interna
18 Genu capsulae internae
19 Pars frontalis capsulac
internae
20 Pars occipitalis capsulae
internae
21 Nucleus amygdalae
22 Corona radiata
23 Pars frontalia
24 Pars parietalis
25 Pars temporalis
26 Pars occipitalis
Radiatio corporis striati
Radiatio occipitothalamica
[Gratioletrj
29 Commissura anterior [cerebrij
30 Pars anterior
31 Pars posterior
32 MEWINGES
27
28
34 Falx cerebri
35 Tentorium cercbelli
36 Falx cerebelli
37 Diaphragm sellae _ _
38 Forwen diaphragmatis IsellaeJ
39 Irclsui'a tentorii
40 Dura mater spinalis
41 Filun durae matris spinalis
42 Cavura epidurale
43 Cavum subduraie
44 Arachnoidea spinalis
45 Arachnoidea encephali
46 Cavum subarachnoideale
47 Cisternae subarachnoidales
48 Cisterna cerebellomedullaris
49 Cisterna fossae lateralis
cerebri jQSylviij
50 Cisterna chiasmatis
51 Cisterna interpeduncularis
52 Cisterna venae magnae
cerobri
53 Granulationes arachnoideales
^PacchioniT
54 Pia mater spinalia
55 Lig. denticulatun
56 Septum cervicale intermedium
57 Pia mater encephali
58 Tela choriodea ventriculi quarti
59 Plexus chorioideus ventriculi
quarti
60 Tela chorioidea ventriculi tertii
61 Plexus chorioideus
ventriculi tertii
62 Plexus chorioideus ventriculi
lateralis
63 Glonus chorioideum
64 Acervulus
33 Dura mater encephali
66
1 SYSTEM A N E R V R UM P3RIPKERICUM
2 NERVI CEREBRALES 33
3 NN. OLFACTORII
4 N. OPTICUS
5 N. OCULOMOTORIUS
6 Ramus superior
7 RamuR inferior
8 ' Radix brevis ganglii
ciliaris
9 N. TROCHLEARIS
10 Decussatio nervorum trochlearium
11 N. TRIGEMIKUS
12 Portio major
13 Ganglion semilunare [fiasseri i
14 Portio minor
15 N. ophthalmicus
16 N. tentorii
17 N. lacrimalis
18 Pjirius anastomoticus cum n.
zygomatico
19 N. frontalis
20 N. supraorbitalis
21 Ramus frontalis
22 N. supratrochlearis
23 N. nasociliaris
24 Radix longa ganglii
oiliaris
25 Nn. ciliares long'
26 N. ethmoidalis postffer
27 N. ethmoidalia anterior
28 Rami nasales anteriores
29 Rami nasales
intern!
30 Rami nasales
laterales
31 Rami nasales
mediales
32 Ramus nasalis exter-
nus
N. infratrcchlearis
?> Ramus palpebralis superior
inferior -
r e
3R Cr. e i
37 Nn. ciliares breves
38 maxillaris
39
40
43
44
46
57
58
61
62
N. meninseus jjnediusj
N. xygomaticus
41 Ramus zygomaticotemporalis
42 Ramus zygomaticofacialis
Niv. sphenopalatini
Nn. alveolares superiorea
45 Rami alveolares superiores
posteriores .
N. infrp.orbitalis
47 R. alveolaris superior
raauius
48 Rami alveolares superiores
anteriores
49 Plexus dentalis
superior
50 Rami dentales superiores
51 Rami gingivales sup-
eriores
52 Rami palpebrales inferiores
53 Rani nasales externi
54 Rami nasales interni
55 Rarai labiales superiores
56 Ganglion sphen-
o p a .1 a t i n u m
Rami orbitales . ..
N. canalis pterygoidei [VidiiJ
59 N petrosus superf icialis
major
60 N. petrosus profundus
Rami nasales posteriores
superiores laterales
Rami nasales posteriores
superiores mediales
63 N. nasopalatinus jscarpaej
i
1
... ..
NLTOOLOttY
67
7
8
16 N
23 N
Rami nasales posteriores inferiores
flateralesl
Nn. palatini
N.palatinus anterior
4 N.palatinus medius
5 N.palatinus posterior
6 N. mandibularis
"N* epinorms
N. ...astic;rt,orius
9 .'N.nassetericus
10 Nn. temporales profundi
11 N. temporalis profundus
posterior
12 N. temporalis profundus
anterior
buccinator ius
pterygoideus externus
pterygoideus internus
auriculotemporalis
17 N. me-vtus auditorii externi
18 R. menbranae tympani
Rrmi po.rotidei
Rami rjiastomotici cum n.
facial!
Nn. r.uriculr.res anteriores
Romi temporales superficir.les
lingual is
24 Rami isthmi fcvucium
25 Rami anastomotici cum n
hypoglosso
N. sublingurxlis
Rami lingurxles
13
15
19
20
21
22
26
27
N.
N,
N,
28 ,N. alveolaris inferior
29
32
33
Plexus dentnlis inferior
30 Rnmi dentr.les inferiores
31 Rnmi gingivales infer-
iores
N. mylohyoideus
N. mentcilis
34
35
mentales
Rnmi labiales infer-
37
iores
36 Ganglion
o t i c u EI
N, potrosus superficialis
minor
66
67
68
38 N. tensor is veli palatini
39 N. tensoris tympani
40 Ramus anastomoticus cum n.
spinoso
41 R. anastomoticus cum n.
aux-iculotenporali
42 Ramus ana.s'tcm.wfcicuB cum
chorda tympani
43 Ganglion
submaxillar
44 Rami communicantes cum n.
linguali
45 Rami submaxillc-.res
46 N. ABDUCENS
47 N. FACI.U.IS
48 Geniculun n. facial is
49 Ganglion geniculi
50 N re^-apedins
51 Ramu,ii .c.:;aotoiaotictis cum plaxu
52
54
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
N. auriculnris posterior
53 R~.mus occipit?.lis
Ramus digastricus
55 Rrjnus stylohyoideus
Remus anastonoticus cum n
>* glossopharyngeo
plexus parotideus
Rami temporr.les
Rami zygom^tici
Rrmi bucoalcs
Ramus mnrginalis mo-ndibulae
Rnmus colli
N.i'.n t. o r n';e d i u s
64 Chorda tympani
65 N. ACUSTICUS
Radix vestibularis
Radix cochlearis
Fila r.n?.stomotica
N.vestibuli
70 -Osaxgilon /oetibulare
- '
NEUROL07I
68
1 N. utricularis
2 N. ampullaris superior
- 3 N. ampullaris lateralis
4 N. , anpullaris inferior
5 N. cochleae
6 Ganglion spirale
7 N. saccularis
8 N. GLOSSOPHARYNGEUS
9 Ganglion superi;is
10 Ganglion petrooura
11 N. tympanicus
12 Intunescentia tympanica
13 Plexus tympanicus QjacobsoniJ
14 N. ciroticotympanicus superior
15 N. caroticotympanicus inferior
16 Ramus tubae
17 R. anastomoticua cum ramo auricular!
n. vagi
18 Rami pharyngei
19 Ramus stylopharyngeus
20 Rami tonsillares
21 Rarai lingua les
22 N. VAGUS
23 Ganglion jugulare
24 Ganglion nodosum
25 Ramus meningeus
26 Ranus auricularis
27 R. anastomoticus cum n. glossopha-
ryngeo
28 Rami pharyngei
29 Plexus pharynejeus
30 N. laryngeus superior
31 Ramus externus
32 Ramus irrternus
33 Ramus anastomoticus cum n.
larjmgeo inferiore
34 Rami cardiac i superiores
35 (N. depressor)
36 N. recurrens
37 Rami cardiac! infer iores
38 Rami tracheales
39 Rami oesophagei
40 N. laryngeus inferior
41 Ramus anterior
42 Ramus posterior
43 Rami bronchiales anteriores
44 Rami bronchiales posteriores
45 Plexus pulmonalis anterior
46 Plexus pulmonalis posterior
47 Raiai oesophagei
48 Plexus oesophageus anterior
49 Plexus oesophageus posterior
50 Rami gastrici
51 plexus gastricus anterior
52 Plexus gastricus posterior
53 Rami hepatic i
54 Rami coeiiaci
55 Rami lienales
56 Rami renales
57 N. ACCESSORIUS
58 Ramus internus
59 Ramus externus
60 N. HYPOGLOSSUS
61 Ramus descendc s ns
62 Ansa hypoglossi
63 Ranus thyreohyoideus
64 Rami linguales
65 N. S P
66 Fila radicularia
67 Radix anterior
68 Radi* posterior
69 Ganglion spinale
70 Ramus anterior
71 Ramus posterior
72 Rumus communicans
73 Ramus meningeus
74 Cauda equina
75 Ansae
I N A L E S
69
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1 Nn. cervicalej!
Rami postfcri~ores~~
3 Ramus medial is
4 Ramus 5aceralis
N. suboccipitaiis
N. cccipitaiis najor
(N. occipitalLs tertius)
Rarji. antsrioies
P.'l -jx u s c e r v i c a 1 i s
N. occipitalis minor
N. auricularis rnagnus
12 Ramus posterior
13 Ramus anterior
14 N. cutaneus cclii
15 Rami superiores
16 Rami inferiores
17 Nn. supraclavicu lares
18 Nn. supraclaviculares anter-
iorce
19 Nn. supraolaviculares inedii
20 Nn. supraclaviculares posteriores
21 N. phrenicus
22 Ramus pericardiacus
23 Rami phrenicoabdominales
2.4 PLEXUS BRACHIALIS
25 Pars, supraclavicu 1-
a r i s
26 Nn. thoracales posteriores
27 N. dorsalis scapulae
28 N. thoracalis longus
29 Nn. thoracalss anteriores
30 N. subclavius
31 N. suprascapularis
32 Nn. subscapulares
33 N. thoracodorsalis
34 N. axillaris
35 Rami musculares
36 N. cutanaus brachii lateralis
37 Pars infraclavicu-
1 a r i s
38 Fasciculus lateralis
39 Fasciculus medialis
40 Fasciculus posterior
41 N. musculocutaneus
42 Rami cusculares lateralis
43 N. cutaneus antibrachii
44 N- cutaneu 1 ? brachii medialis
45 W. cutaneus antibrachii medialis
45 Ramus volaris
47 Ramus ulnaris
4.8 N. medianus
Rarai mu < 3liu". ; .ars ^
N. intercsseus (antibrachii]
volaris
Ramus palmaris n. median!
Racus anastomoticus cum n. ulnari
Na. digitales volares communes
Nn. digitales volares proprii
55 N. ulnaris
Ramus cutaneus" palmaris
Ramus dorsalis manus
58 Nn. digitales dorsales
Raaius volaris manus
bO Rarcus superf icialis
61 Nn. digitales volares
communes
62 Nn. digitales volares
proprii
Ramus profundus
64 Rami musculares
65 N. radialis
N. cutaneus brachii posterior
Rami muscu lares
N. cutaneus antibrachii dorsalis
Ramus profundus
70 N. interosseus antibfachii
dorsalis
Ramus superf icialis
Ramus anastomoticus
ulnaris
Nn. digitales dorsais
sin. -tnorecaies
49
50
51
52
53
54
56
57
59
63
66
67
68
69
71
72
73
75
Rami posteriores
76 Ramus cutaneus lateralis
"77 Ramus cutaneus medialis
'
-
70
1 Rarai anteriores |_Nn. intercostalesj 36 N. cutaneus femoris lateralis
2 Rami musculares
3 Ramus cutaneus lateralis
fpectoralis et abdominalis"}
4 Ramus posterior
5 Ramus anterior
6 Rami maiamarii lat-
erales
7 Nn. intarcostobrachiales
8 Ramus cutaneus anterior I pect-
oral IE et nbdominalisf
9 Rand mamraarii mediales
10 Nn. lurnbalesj sacrales, coccygeus
11 Nn. lumbales~~
12 Rami posteriores
13 Ramus medialis
14 Ramus lateralis
15 Nn. clunium superiores
16 Rami anteriores
17 Nn. sacrales et coccygeus:
18 Rami poeteriores
19 R?mu medialis
20 Ramus lateralis
21 Nn. clunium medii
22 PLEXUS L U M B S-
A C R A L I S
23 PLEXUS LUMBALIS
24 Rarai musculares
25 N. iliohypogas-
tricus
26 Rami musculares
27 Ramus cutaneus lateralis
28 Ramus cutaneus anterior
29 N. ilioinguinalis
30 Rami musculares
31 Nn. scrotales anteriores
32 Nn. labiales anteriores
33 N. genitofemoralis
34 N. lumboinguinalis""
35 N. spermaticus externus
37 N. obturator ius
38 Raaius aTnlerior"
39 RamuG cutaneus
40 Raraus posterior
41 N. femoral is
42 Rami cutanei anteriores
43 Rami musculares
44 N. saphenus
45 Ramus infrapatellaris
46 Rani cutanei cruris
mediales
47 PLEXUS SACRALIS
48 Truncus lumbosacralis
49 N. glutaeus superior
50 N. glutaeus inferior
51 N. cutaneus femoris posterior
52 Nn, clunium inferiores
53 Rami perineales
54 N. ischiadicus
55 Rami muscular e"s
56 B, peronaeus communis
57 Rami musculares
58 N. cutaneus surae lateralis
59 Ramus anastomoticus peron-
aeus
60 N. peronaeus superficialis
61 Rami musculares
62 N. cutaneus dorsalis med-
ialis
63 N. cutaneus dorsalis
intermedius
64 Nn. digitales dorsales
pedis
65 N. peronaeus profundus
66 Rani musculares
67 Wn. digitales dorsales
hallucis lateralis et
digiti secundi medialis
68 N. tibialis
69 Rami musculares
NEUOi D^Y
71
1 N. interosseus cruris
2 N. cutaneus surae medialis
3 N. suralis
4 Rami calcanei laterales
5 N. cutaneus dorsalis
laterales
6 Rami calcanei mediales
7 N. ^lantaris mec'ialis
.8 Nn. digitales plantares
c or.riurie 3
9 Nn- digitales plantares
proprii
10 N. plantar is latorali.s
11 P.amus superficialis
12 Nn. digitales plant-
ares communes
13 Nn. digitales
plantares
proprii
14 Rocus-profundus
15 PLEXUS PUDENDUS
16 N. haemorrhoidales medii
17 Nn. vesicaXes infer iores
18 Nn. vagxnalcs
19 N. pudenduG
20 Nn. haemorrhoidales
inferiores
21 N. perinei
22 Nn, scrotales posteriores
23 Nn. labiales posteriores
24 N. dorsalis penis
25 N. dorsalis clitoridis
26 N. COCCYGEUS
27 Plexus coccygeus
28 Nn. anococcygei
29 S' Y 8 T. E M A NERVORUM ? Y li P A T H I C U M
30 Truncus sympathiout)
31 Ganglia trunci sympathici
32 Plexus sympathici
33 Ganglia plexuum syiapathicorum
34 PARS CEPHALICA ET CERVICALIS S.
SYMPATHICI
35 Ganglion cervicale superius
36 N. jugularis
37 N. caroticus internus
38 Plexus caroticus inbernus
39 Plexus cavernosus
40 Plexus arteriaa cerebri anterioris
41 Plexus arteriae cerebri mediae
42 Plexus arteriae chorioideae
43 Plexus ophthalmicus
44 Radices sympathicae ganglii ciliaris
45 Nn. carotici extern!
46 Plexus caroticus externus
47
48
49
50
Plexus thyreoideus superior
Plexus lingualis
Plexus maxillaris externus
Radix sympathica ganglii
submay.illa.ris
Plexus occipitalis
Plexus aurioularis posterior
Plexus temporalis superficialis
Plexus rnaxillaris internus
Plexus meningeus
Plexus caroticus comraunis
Rami laryngopharyngei
Plexus pharyngeus ascendens
N. carcUacus superior
Ganglion cervicale medium
N. cardiacus medius
Ganglion cervicale inferius
63 Ansa subclavia vieussenii7
64 N. cardiacus inferior
65 Plexus subclavius
66 Pl^cus mammarius interus
67 Plexus thyreoideus inferior
68 Plexus vertebralis
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
IJBUSOLOGY
72
1 PARS THORACALIS S.
SYMPATHICI
2 Ganglia thoracalia
3 N. splanchnicus major
4 Ganglion spl&.nchnicum
5 N. splanchnicus minor
6 Raraus renalis
7 (N. splanchnicus imus)
8 Plexus aorticus thoracalis
9 Plexus eardiacus
10 Plexus coronarius cordis anterior
11 Ganglion cr.rdio.cua -(.VTrisbergrQ
12 Plexus coronarius posterior
13 Rani pulmonalos
14 Plexus pulraonalis
15 PARS ABDOJIIWALIS ET PELVINA S.
EYHPATHICI
16 Ganglia lunbalia
17 Ganglia sacrelia
18 Floras icrticus abdoainalis
19 Plexus coeliacus
20 Ganglia coeliaca
21 Ganglion nesentericum superius
22 Ploxus phrenicus
23 Ganglia phrenicr.
24 Plexus phrenicus
25 Plexus lienalis
26 Plexus gastricus superior
27 Plexus gastricus inferior
28 Plexus suprarenalis
29 Plexus renalis
30 Plexus spermaticus
31 Plexue arteriae ovaricae
32 Plexus mesentericus superior
33 Plexus myentericus
34 Plexus subrnucosus
35 Plexus nesentericus inferior
36 Nn. haemorrhoidales superiores
37 Plexus iliacus
38 Plexus iliacus
39 Plexus hypogastricus
40 Plexus haenorrhoidalis medius
41 Plexus prostaticus
42 Plexus deferentialis
43 Ploxus uterovp.ginalis
44 Plexus vesicalis
45 Nn. vesioales superiores
46 Nn. vesicales inferiores
47 Plexus cavernosus penis
48 N. cavernosus penis ma.jor
49 Nn. cavernosi penis minores
50 Plexus cavcrnosus clitoridis
51 N cavernosus clitoridis
major
52 Nn. cavernosi clitoridis
minores
53 Plexus femoralis
54 Ploxus popliteus
Sense Organs ard Common Integument
73.
1 ORGANA SENSUUH ET INTEGtFEFTUH COMJiUNE
2 ORGANON V I S U S
3 OCULDS
4 OPTICUS
5 Vaginae n. opt:'.ci
6 Spatia intervaglnr.lia
7 BULBUS OCULI
8 Polus anterior
9 Polus^ posterior
10 Aequator
11 Lleridiani
12 Axis oculi extern?.
13 Axis oculi interna
14 Axis op tic a
15 f Linea visusj
16 Hfesicula ophthalraica*
17 Caliculus ophthalnicus*
TUNICA FIBROSA OCULI
19 Sclere.
20 Sulcus sclerr.e
21 Rime, cornerJis
22 Sinus venosus sclerae fbanalis
Schlemni, LaxithiT
23 Lamina fusca
24 Lamina cribrosa sclerae
25 (Raphe sclerae)
26 (Funiculus sclerae
27 Cornea .
28 Annulus conjuncTbiva'e
29 Vertex corneas
30 Limbus cornae
31 Facies anterior
32 Facios posterior
33 Epithelium corneac
34 Lamina el'as_tica anterior
35
36
37
40
41
42
43
44
45
47
50
Sv.'bnto.n-i-ir. propria
Lanina elastic?, posterior
{ Deno^rsi, DescemetiJ
Endothelium camerae anterioris
38 TUNICA VASCULOSA OCULI
39 Chorioidea
Lamina sup r ach!or i o i de a
Spatium perichorioideale
Lamina vasoulosa
Lamina ciioriocapillaris
Lamina basalis
(Raphe chorioideae)
46 Corpus ciliare
Corona ciTiarTs""
48 Processus ciliares
49 Plicae cilicres
Orbiculus ciliaris
51 U. ciliaris
52 Fibrae meridioniles
JjBrueckeiJ
53 Fibrae circulares
jlluelleril
54 Plexus gangliosus ciliaris
55 Iris
56 Mar go pupillaris
57 Hargo ciliaris
58 Facies anterior
Systen-.ti-! /.:ie.tomy
74
I Facies posterior
Annulus iridis major
3 Annulus iridis minor
4 Plicae iridis
5 Pupilla
6 "I. sphincter pupillr.e
"7 ; Stroma iridis
8 ?I. dilatator pupillae
9 . 1 ig .' p oct ina^ca ' i r i di
10 Spatia anguli Bridie Font~jnae]|
II Circulus arteriocrus major
12 Circulus rrteriorms ninor
13 Membrana pupillaria x
14 STRATH}! PIGHENTI
15 Stratum pigment! retinae
16 Stratum pigtaenti corporis ciliaris
17 Stratum pigment! iridis
18 RETINA
19 Pars optica retinae
20 Ora serrata
21 Pars ciliaris retinae
22 Papilla n. optici
23 Ejccavatio papillae n. optici
24 ""acula lute a
25 Fovea centralis
26 V a s a ~s a n g u i n e a
retinae
27 Circulus vasculosus n. optici
_
28 Arteriola rYenulal tem.poro.lis
retinae snparior
29 Arteriolc. ^enula^ taaporalis
retinae ^inferior
30 Arteriola jVenula^ nn.se.lis ret-
inae superior
31 ..-rteriola fremlst'l nasalis ret-
inae inferior *
32 Arteriola (VenulaJ macularis su-
perior ,
33 Arteriola LVenul^.J nacularis in-
ferior
34 Arteriola venulaj retinae media-
lis
35 CJfflffiRA OCDLI .INTERIOR
36 ./ingulus iridis
37 C/:iERA OCULI POSTERIOR
38 CORPUS VITHi'JUri
39 A, hyaloidea x
40 Cr.nalis hyaloider.
41 Fossr. hyaloidea
42 ilembrr.no. hyaloidea
43 Stroia?. vitreuni
44. Hunor vitreus-..-
1-5 LENS CEYSTALLIMA
46 Substantia lentis
47 Substantia corticalis
48 !!uclous lentis
49 Fibrae lent is
50 Zpithelium Isntis
51 Cppsula lentis
52 Pclus anterior lentis
53 Polus posterior lentis
54 Facios anterior lentis
55 Facies posterior lentis
56 Axis lentis
57 Aequator lentis
58 Rr.dii lentis
59 ZOFULA CILI/.SIS
60 Fibrae zonulares
61 Spatia zonulario.
62 ORGAFA OCULI ACCSSSORI '-.
63 lIURCuli oculi, Fasciae orbitr.les
64 H. o'rbT?Dni~
65 H. rectus supfi"ior
66 !I rectus in 'Aor
67 "1. rectus medi?lis
68 11. rectus later alis
69 Lrcertus musculi recti lateral is
70 Annulus tendineus communis
71 :;.' obliquus superior
Seree Organs and
1 Trochlea
2 M. obliquus inferior
3 M. levator palpebrae superioris
4 Periobita
5 Septum orbitale
6 Fasciae musculares
7 Fascia bulbi (Tenoni)
8 Spatium inte^fasciale (Tenoni)
9 Corpus adipo&um orbitae
Sv--? ere ilium
11
12 Palpebra superior
13 Palpebra superior
14 Facies anterior palpebrarum
15 Facies posterior palpebrarum
16 Rima palpebrerum
17 Commie sura palpebrarum lateralis
18 Commissura palpebrarum medialis
19 Angulus ocu.li lateralia
20 Angulus oculi medialis
21 Limbi palpebrales anteriores
22 Limbi palpebrales posteriores
23 Tarsus superior
24 Tarsus inferior
25 Lig, palpebrale mediale
Raphe palpebralie lateralie 26
27 Glandulae tar sales Meibonii
28 Sebum palpebrale
29 M. tarsalis superior
30 M. tarsalis inferior
31 CONJUNCTIVA
32 Plica semilunaris conjunctivae
33 Caruncula lacrimalis
34 Tunica conjunctiva bulbi
35 .Tunica conjunctiva palpebrarum
36 Fornix conjuctivae superior
37 Fornix conjuctivae palpebrarum
38 Gl. mucosae (Krausei)
39 Moduli lymphs tici conjunctivales
40 (Pinguecula)
Integument 75
41 APPARATUS LACRIkALIS
42 Glandula lacrimals superior
43 Glandula lacriraalis inferior
44 (Gl, lacrimales accessoriae)
45 Ductuli excretorii gl.
lacrimalis
46 Kivue lacrimalis
47 Lacus lacrimalis
48 Puncta lacrimalia
49 DUctus lacrinales
50 Papillae iacrimales
51 Ampulla ductus lacrimalis
52 Saccus lacrimalie
53 Fornix cacci lacrimalis
54 Ductus nasolacrimalis
55 Plica 2acrimalis (Hasneri)
56 Lacrimae
57 ORGANQK AUDITUS:
58 Auris interna
59 LABURINTHUS MEMBRANACEUS
60 Luctus endolymphaticus
61 Saccus endolymphaticus
62 Ductus utriculosaccularis
63 Utriculus
64 Ductus semicirculares
65 Ductus eemicircularis
superior
66 Ductus semicircularis
la.teralis
68 Ampullae membranaceae
69 Sulcus ampullaris
78 Crista ampullaris itr
71 Ampulla membranacea super:
72 Ampulla membranacea post-
erior
73 Ampulla membranacea later-
alis
74 Sacculus
75 Ductus reuniens (Hanseni)
76 Maculae acustica utriculi
78 Macula acustica sacculi
Sense Organ" ' 1M c Common Integument
76
1 Otoconia
2 Endolympha
3 Perilympha'
4 Spatium perilyraphaticum 46
5 Ductus perilynphatici
6 Ductus cochlearis
7 Caecum cupulare
8 Caecum vestibulare 50
9 Lamina basilaris 51
10 Membrana vestibularis 52
fjReissneri}
11 Lig. spirale co';h3eae
12 Pr eminent ia spiral is
13 Stria vascular: s 54
14 Sulcus spiralis 55
15 Labium tympanicum 56
16 Foramina vvsrvosa 57
17 Labium vertibu?.are 58
18 Ganglion spirale _cochleae 59
19 Organon spirale Iccrtiij 60
20Vasaauris 61
internae 62
21 A. auditiva interna 63
22 Rami vestibulares 64
23 Ramus cochleae 65
24 Glomeruii arteriosi 66
cochleae 67
25 W. audit ivae internae
26 V spiralis mcdioli
27 Vas promi'nens
28 Vv vestibulare/s
29 V. aquaeductus vestibuli
30 V canaliculi cochleae
31 LABim.INTHUS OSSEUS
32 Vestibulum
33 Recessus sphaericus
34 Recessus ellipticus
35 Crista vestibuli
.,36 Pyramis vestibuli
37 Recessus cochlearis
38 Maculae cribrosae
39 Macula cribrosa sup-
erior
40 Macula cribrosa media
41 Macula cribrosa inferior
42 Canales sernicirculares ossei
69
70
43 Canalis semicircularis superior
44 Canalis semicircuiaris posterior
45 Canalis semicircularis lateralis
Ampullae osseae
47 Affl.pu'i]a ossea superior
48 Ampulla oss&a posterior
49 Ampulla ossea lateralis
Crura anpullaria
Crus comrrane
Crus
53 Cochlsa
Cupula
Basis ccch'.<5xe
Canalis spire lis cochleae
Modiolus
Basis moclioXi
Lamina modioli
Lamina spiralis ossea
Hamulus laminae spiralis
Scala lve^ilju?-i
Scala tyn.j ani
Lamina spiralis secundapia
Canalis spiralis modioli
Canales longitudinales modioli
68 Meatus acusticus internus
Porus acu s tTcus~ut e'rnuts~
Fundus meatus acustici intern!
71 Crista transversa
72 Area n. facial is
73 Area cochleae
74 Tractus spiralis foraminosus
75 Area vestibulari,*? superior
76 Area vestibuiari^ inferior
77 Foramen ^"is
79 Paries
78 OAVUU TYMPANI
t e g m e>\n tali
Sense Organs ar.d Common Integument
77
i c a
I Recessus epityrapanicus
2 Pars cupularis
Paries jugularis
4 Pr eminent ia styloidea
Paries labyrinth
6 Fenestra vestibuli
7 Fossula fenestrae vestibuli
Promontorium
Sulcus prcmontorii
ID Subiculum promontorii
II Sinus tympani.
12 Fenestra cochleae
13 Fossula fnnestrae cochleae
14 Crista fenestrae cochleae
15 Processus cochleariformis
Paries mastoidea
17 Antrum tympanicum
8
9
16
39
-10
41
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
52
53
54
18 Prominent ia canal is semicircular is 55
Irxteralis
19 Prcminentia canalis facialis
20 Eminent ia pyramidal is
21 Fossa incudis
22 Sinus posterior
23 Apertura tympanica canaliculi
chordae
24 Cellulae mastoideae
25 Cellulae tympanicae
26 F a r i e s carotica
27 P a r i e s|m embranacea
28 Membrana tympani
29 Pars fla^cTaeT"
30 P ars tensa
31 Limbus membranae tympani
32 Plica malleolaris anterior
33 Plica malleolaris posterior
34 Prominentia malleolaris
35 Stria malleolaris
"' Umbo nembranae tympani
vi Stratum cutaneum
38 Annulus fibrocartilagineus
56
57
58
60
61
62
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
Stratum radiatum
Stratum circulare
Stratum mucosum
42 OSSICULA AUDITUS
Stapes
Capitulum stapedis
Cr\*s anterius
Crus posterius
Basis stapedis
Incus
Corpus incudis
Crus longura
51 P rocessus lenticu-
laris
Crus breve
Malleus
HanubJ-ium mallei
Capitulum Mallei
Collum mallei
Processus lateralis
Processus anterior
59 Articul at iones essiculorum
"auditus
Articulatio incudomalleo-
laris
Articulatio incu dostaped-
ia
Syndesmosis tympanostaped-
ia
63 Ligg. ossiculorum
auditus
Lig.
Lig.
Lig. mallei anterius
Lig. mallei superius
mallei laterale
incudis superius
Lig. incudis posterius
Membrana obturatoria
(stapedis)
Lig. annulare baseos
stapled is
Ai. fixator baseos stap-
edisj
72 Kusculi ossiculorum
audTt'u s
M. tensor tympani
H. stapedius
Sense Organ f ard Common Integument
78
1- Tunica mucosa tympanica
2 (Gl. tympanicact
3 Plica malleolaris posterior
4 Plica malleolaris anterior
5 Recessus membranae tympani anterior
6 Recessus tympani membranae superior
7 Recessus membranae tympani posterior
8 Plica incudis
9 Plica stapedxs
10 Membrana tympani secundaria
11 TUBA AUDITIVA ^EDSTACHIl)
12 Ostium tympanicxim tubae auditivae
13 Pars ossea tubao auditivae
14 Isthmus tubae auditivae
15 Cellulae pneumaticae tubariae
16 Pars cartilaginae tubae auditivae
17 Cartilage tubae auditivae
18 Lamina |_cartilaginisj
medialis
19 Lamina ca? tilaginisj lateralis
20 Lamin" membranacea
21 Tunic oucosa
22 Gl. mucosae
23 Noduli lymphatici tubarii
24 Ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae
25 MEATUS ACUSTICUS EXTERNUS
26 Porus acusticus externus
27 Incisura tympanica ^Rivir
28 Meatus acusticus externus cartilagi-
neus
29 Cartilage meatus acustici
30 Incisurae cartilaginis meatus _
acustici externi _Santoriad J
31 Lamina tragi
32 AURICULAE
J33 Lobulus auriculae
34 Cartilage auriculae
35 Helix
36 CruK hel:cis
37 Spina helicis
38 Cauda helicis
39 Anthelix / ->
40 Fossa triangularis [auriculae!
41 Crura anthelicis
42 Scapha
43 Concha auriculae
44 Cymba conchae
45 Cavura <*<^nchae
46 Antj^Togus
47 Tragus
48 Incisura anterior
49 Incisura intertragica
50 (Tuberculum auriculae
51 (Apex auriculae Darwini )
52 Sulsus auriculae posterior
53 (Tubercu?i.ura supratragicum)
54 Isthaus cartilaginis auris
55 Incisura terminalis auris
56 Fissura antitragohelicina
57 Sulcus anthelicis transversus
58 Sulcus cruris helicis
59 Fossa anthelicis
60 Eminent ia conchae
61 Eminent ia scaphae
62 Eninentia fossae triangularis
63 Ligg. auricularia valsalvae~)
64 Lig. auriculare anterius
65 Lig. auriculare superius
66 Lig. auriculare posterius
67 H. helicis major
68 M. helicis minor
69 M. tragicus
70 (M. pyranidalis auriculae
[jungi])
71 M. antitragicus
72 M. transversus auriculae
73. M. obliquus auriculae .
74 (M. incisurae helicis fsantorinij )
SENSE ORGANS A'.ID
INTEGUMENT
79,
1 ORGANON OLFACTUS
2 ORGANON GUSTUS
3 Calyculi gustatorii
4 Integumentum
z o m r.i u n e
5 CUTIS
6 Sulci cutis
7 Cristae cutis
8 Retinacula cutds
9 Toruli tactiles
10 Foveola coccygea
11 Lig. caudale
12 Epidermiij
13 Stratum corneuc ^ -i
14 Stratum germinativum jjdalpighiij
15
16
17
18
Tunica propria
Corpus papillare
Papillae
19 Tela Subcutanea
20 Panfaiculus adiposus
21 Corpuscula nervorurn te.rir.inalia
22 Corpuscula bulboidea FKrausiiJ
24
25 Corpuscula nervorura genitalia
26 Corpuscula nervorum articularia
Corpuscula bulboidea fKrausiiJ
Corpuscula lamellosa (^Vateri, Pacinil
Corpuscula tactus u Meissneri/
28
29
30
31
27
Lanugo
Capilli
Super cilia
Cilia
PILI
32 Barba
33 Tragi
34 Vibris sae
35 Hirci
36 Pubes
37 Folliculus pili
38 Fundus folliculi pili
39 Ccllum folliculi pili
40 Papilla pili
41 Scapus pili
42 Radix pili
43 Bulbus pili
44 Mm. arrsctores pilorum
45 Flumina pilorum
46 Vortices pilorum
47 (Vortex coccygeus)
48 UNGUES
49 Matri unguis
50 Cristae matricis unguis
51 fulcus natricis unguis
52 Vallura unguis
53 Corpus unguis
54 Radix unguis
55 Lunula
56 Margo occultus
57 Margo liber
58 hoar go lateralis
59 Stratum corneun unguis
60 Stratum germinativum unguis
61 GLANDULAE CUTIS
62 Gl.. glpmi formes
63 Gl. sudorif'erae
64 Corpus gl. sudoriferae
65 Ductus sudoriferus
66 Porus sudoriferus
67 Sudor
68 Gl. ciliares fMollij
69 Gl. circumanales
.
SENSE ORGAN AIJD COL.J^N INTEGUMENT
80.
1 Gl . ceruminosae
2 Cerumen
3 Glandulae sebaceae
4 Sebum cutaneum
5 Mangng_
6 Papilla aamnae
7 Corpus raamraae
8 Lobi namrnae
9 Lobuli manacae
10 Ductus lactiferi
11 Sinus lactiferi
12 Lac femininum
13 Colostrum
14 Areola raaiamae
15 Gl. sebaceae .
16 Gl. areolares ^Montgomeriijj
17 Mamma virilis
18 (Mammae accessoriae {^uliebres et
virilesj )
REGIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY 81
1 _gEGIOHES CORPORIS HUMANI
Auctoribus MSrkel, Rfcdingsr, Tcldt.
2 Linea mediana anterior 6 Linea na.nillaris
3 Linea mediana posterior 7 Linea axillaris
4 Linea sternalis 8 Linea scapularis
5 Linea parasterna3.i3
REGION OF 7h? HU1A.N BODY
82,
c a p i t i
1 Regiones
2 Regie frontalis
3 Regio supracrbitalis
4 Regio parietalis
5 Regio occipita?_is
6 Regio tempera] is
7 Regio auriculdi-ia
8 Regio mastoide?.
9 Regiones faciei
10 Regio nasal is
31 Regio parotideomasseterica
22 Fossa retromandibularis
23 Regiones colli
24 Regio co'Qi anteriofi
25 Regio submentalis
26 Regio hyoidea
27 Regio aubhyoic'ea
28 Regio laryrigea
29 Regio thj r reoidea
30 Regio suprasternalis
11 Regio oralis
12 Regio labialis superior
13 Regio labialis inferior
14 Regio mentalis
15 Regio orbitalis
16 Regio palpebralie superior
17 Regio palpebralie inferior
18 Regio infraorbitalis
19 Regio buccalis
20 Regio zygomatica
31 Fossa jugularis
32 Regio submaxillaris
33 Fossa carotica
34 Regio sternocleidomastoidea
35 Fossa supraclavicularis minor
36 Regio colli lateralis
37 Fossa supraclavicularis mjor
38 Trigonum omoclaviculare
39 Regio colli posterior
40 Regio nuchae
REGIONS (F T'E HiFAN BODY
83.
2
3
10
1 Fovea nuchae
Regiones pect
o r i a
Regio pectoris anterior
4 Regio sternal is
5 Regio clavicular io
6 Regio iufraclavicularis
7 Tr-L^om 1 !!! deltoideopectorale
8 Regio maur.raiis
9 Regio ini'r. ^.mammal is
Regio pectoris lateralis
11 Regio axiliaris
12 Fossa axiliaris
24 Regio mediana dorsi
25 Regr. o interacapularis
26 Regi o scapularis
27 Ragio auprascapularis
28 Ragio infrascapularis
29 Regio luabalis
30 Regio co;cs.e
31 Regio sacralis
32 Regio glutaea
33 Regio perinealis
34 Regio analis
35 Regio urogenitalis
13 Regio costalis lateralis 36
14 Regiones abdominis 37
15 Regio epigastrica
16 Regio hypochondriaca 38
17 Regio mesogastrica 39
18 Regio umbilicalis 40
19 Regio abdominalis lateralis 41
20 Regio hypogastrica 42
21 Regio publca 43
22 Regio inguinalis 44
23 Regiones dorsi
Regio pudendalis
Regionee e
tatis sup
Regio acromialis
Regio deltoidea
Regio brachii lateralis
Regio brachii medialis
Regio brachii anterior
Regio brachii posterior
Regio cubiti anterior
45 Fossa cubitalis
x t r e m i-
e r i o r i s
1 a
REGIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY
84.
1 Regio bubiti posterior
2 Regio olecrani
3 Regio cubiti lateral is
4 Regio cubiti nedj.alis
5 Regio antibrachii volaris
6 Regio antibrachii dcrsalis
7 Regio antibrachii radialis
8 Regio antibrachii ulnaris
9 Regio dorsalis imnus
10 Regio volaris nanus
11 Regiones digi tales manusj
12 Regiones dorsales digitorum
13 Regiones unguicularee
14 Regiones volares digitorum
15 Regions of the in-
ferior extremity
16 Regio femoris anterior
17 Fossa subinguinalis
18 Regio femoris lateralis
19 Regio trochanterica
20 Regio femoris posterior
21 Regio fernoris medialis
22 Regio genu anterior
23 Regio patellaris
24 Regio genu posterior
25 Fossa poplitea
26 Regio cruris anterior
27 Regio cruris posterior
28 Regio suxalis
29 Regio cruris lateralis
30 Regio cruris medialis
31 Regio nalleolaris lateralis
32 Regio nalleolaris medialis
33 Regio retromalleolaris lateralie
34 Regio retromalleolaris medialis
35 Regio calcanea
36 Regio dorsalis pedie
37 Regio plantaris pedis
38 Regiones digitales pedie
39 Regionos dorsales digitorum pedis
40 Regionss unguiculares
41 Regiones plantares digitorum pedis
.
. : . ,
, - '
: " -
... ;..
. . .. . . . ; - '
I
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE
STAMPED BELOW
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WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN
THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY
WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH
DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY
OVERDUE.
MAY 16 193c
APR 1
JUN 5 1936
FEB 1 6 1940 .
OCT 1 2 1940
OCT 14 V'40
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Wr26'60HT
*
LD 21-50m-l,'33
BlOJ-OO'!
>
G
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