THE BOOK OF PARADISE.
VOLUME II.
ENGLISH TRANSLATION-CONTINUED,
INDEX AND SYRIAC TEXT.
Five hundred copies printed for private
circulation only, of which this is
No.
LADY MEUX MANUSCRIPT N 6.
THE BOOK OF PARADISE
BEING
THE HISTORIES AND SAYINGS OF THE MONKS
AND
ASCETICS OF THE EGYPTIAN DESERT
BY
PALLADIUS, HIERONYMUS
AND OTHERS.
THE SYRIAC TEXTS, ACCORDING TO THE
RECENSION OF 'ANAN-ISHO* OF BETH 'ABHE, EDITED
WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION
BY
E. A. WALLIS BUDGE, M. A., LITT. D., D. LITT., D. LIT.
KEEPER OF THE EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES
IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM.
x.
VOL. II.
ENGLISH TRANSLATION CONTINUED
INDEX AND SYRIAC TEXT
PRINTED FOR LADY MEJJX
BY, W. DRUGULIN, ORIENTAL PRINTER, LEIPZIG.
LONDON
1904
[All rights reserved.]
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE.
919
35 2 [358 1- ABBA K16PR6S said, "Whosoever loveth
"the gratifying of his own will more than the gratifi-
"cation of the will of God hath no fear of God."
352 AI [358 A |. A brother asked ABBA AM6Nis, saying,
"How ought a man to act when he wisheth to begin
"some [kind of] work, or when he wisheth to go or
"to come, or to go from one place to another, so that
"action may be according to the will of God, and may
"be free from the error of devils?" The old man said
"unto him, "He must first consider in his mind and see
"the motive of that which he wisheth to do, and whence
"it cometh, and if it be from God or Satan, or from
"the man himself, and then let him do the work [which
"he contemplateth], but let him flee from going and
"coming, and from going from one place to another.
"If he [acteth] not [thus] he will finally become a laugh-
ing stock for the devils. But afterwards let him pray
"and beseech God that that work which is His he may do,
"and then let him begin the work, and afterwards he
"may boast in God.
353 [359]' He also said, "Bear with every man in
"such a way that God may also bear with thee." a
353 A [359 A ]- The disciple of ABBA AMMON told the
following story: One night the old man came out and
found me lying down in the courtyard, of the cell,
and he stood up above me, and with lamentation and
tears said, "Where is the mind of this brother who
"can thus lie down \pr, sleep] without care?"
354 [360]. There was a certain priest in Thebais
whose name was DIOSCUROS, and he was the spiritual
father of many monks, and at the time when they were
about to receive the Holy Mysteries he used to say
to the brethren, "Take thought and see lest any man
"among you have been snared by the phantom of a
1 In Bedjan's edition this Saying bears the number 367.
2 In Bedjan's edition this Saying bears the number 366
(p. 828).
92O QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
"woman during the night, and he be so bold as to
"receive the Holy Mysteries. Now the emissions 1
"which [Page 707] occur as the result of a phantom
"are not caused by the desire of a man, but take place
"independently thereof, for they happen naturally, and
"are due to the excess of matter [in the body], and
"they do not, therefore, lead [a man] into subjection to
"sin. But the phantoms which arise from the desire
"are the sign of an evil wish. For it is meet that
"the monk should be superior to the law of nature,
"and that he should not be found with the smallest
"impurity of body, but that he should waste the body
"and humble it, and should not permit any superfluity
"of matter to be found therein. Work out plans, then,
"that thou mayest cut off [the superfluity of] matter
"by means of a long period of fasting, for if we do
"not thus, it will incite the other lusts to come upon
"us ; and it is not meet that a monk should be occupied
"with the lusts which rise up in him daily. And if
"we do not thus, in what way are we different from
"those who live in the world ? For we have observed
"that men of this kind often make themselves to be
"remote from the desires of their lust, either for pur-
poses of bodily health, or for other reasons which are
"not worth mentioning; how very much more, then,
"should it thus be especially a care to the monk for
"the sake of the health of his spirit, and of his soul,
"and of his body?"
355 [361]- They used to say that ABBA MACARIUS
the Alexandrian at one time dwelt in a cave in the
desert, and that beyond his cave was another wherein
dwelt a panther; one day when he opened the door
of his cave the panther came in and did homage to
the blessed man, and she drew nigh and took hold
of the corner of his garment, and dragged him along
gently and went outside. And the old man answered
1 The better reading is
ON THE ASCETIC LIKE. Q2I
and said, "What can this animal want?" And he went
with her until she arrived at her cave, and she left
him outside, and went in and brought out her young,
which were blind, and dropped them at his feet;
and when he saw them, he prayed, and spat in their
eyes, [Page 708] which were opened straightway, and
the panther gave them suck, and took them and went
inside. And on the day following the panther came
bringing a sheepskin, and she approached and placed
it before him; then the old man smiled to himself at
the discernment and knowledge which the animal had
shewn, and he took the skin and slept upon it, until it
was quite worn out.
356 [362]. Now on another occasion when the door
of his cell was shut, and the old man was sitting in
his courtyard, that panther leaped down into the court-
yard from the wall and came to him carrying one of
her young in her mouth; and when the old man saw
that the little panther was blind, he spat in its eyes,
and they were opened, and its mother took it and
departed. And one day later she brought to the blessed
man a sheepskin, and the blessed woman MELANIA told
me, saying, "I received this same skin from the hands
"of the old man as a gift."
357 [363]- A brother asked an old jnan, saying,
"What shall I do if when I have given to my brother
"a little bread or money, the devils pollute it, as if
"[it were given to gain] tha approbation 1 of men?"
The old man said unto him, "Even though the adula-
tion of men may come, we must give to our neigh-
bour that which is necessary," and the old man adduced
a proof of this statement, and said, "Two men dwelt
"in a certain city, and one sowed [a field] and produced
"a crop of somewhat dirty grain, but the other sowed
"[no field] at all, and produced no crop of any kind,
"neither clean nor dirty; in the time of tribulation which
1 The better reading is ^oi
922 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
"of these two men would live [and not die] of hunger?"
And the brother said unto him, "He who produced the
"crop of dirty grain;" and the old man said unto him,
"Let us then produce a few [good actions], even though
"they be defiled, so that we may not die in the time
"of famine."
358 [364]. An old man used to say, "Dainty meats
"remove [a man] from heavenly honours. For satiety,
"and luxurious living in this world, and the multitudes
"of lustful habits shut the door in our face and prevent
"us from entering into the happiness of God. Consider
"now the history of the rich man and LAZARUS; [Page
"709] what was it that carried LAZARUS into the bosom
"of ABRAHAM? Was it not the immeasurable troubles
"among which he had been brought up? And what
"brought the rich man to Gehenna? Was it not the
"pleasures and lusts which were flaming within his
"body? Each one of us, then, according to his measure,
"by the nod of the fire of his person which is found
"with him, shall receive his deserts in the world which
"is to come; and each one of us, unless he be watch-
"ful, shall be shaken up with the wood, and the
"straw, and the stubble. And since it is necessary for
"us to extinguish carefully the lusts which bestir them-
"selves in us, we have need [to drink] water, and not
"wine."
359 [3^5]- An old man used to say, "True obedi-
"ence is like unto a chaste woman who is betrothed,
"and who is not drawn aside after strange voices; and
"the ear which turneth away, ever so little, from the
"truth, is like an adulterous woman who turneth away
"from her husband; and the mind which is led by
"every doctrine of error 1 is like unto a harlot, who is
"persuaded by every one who calleth her. Let us
"then rebuke 2 the wandering mind which is cor-
1 The better reading is
2 The better reading is
ON THE ASCETIC LfFE. 923
"rupted 1 by strange voices, and which loveth the voice
"of its seducer a instead of that of the true bridegroom ;
"for it hath accepted to be called by the name of a
"stranger, and not by that of Christ."
360 [366]. An old man used to say, "If thou hast
"prayed for thy companion thou hast also prayed for
"thyself, but if thou hast prayed for thyself only thou
"hast impoverished thy petition; and if thou hast shewn
"that thy brother hath offended thee, thou hast also
"shewn that thou hast offended thyself. Those prayers,
"which have not taken their mind with them, when
"they have ascended and gone up stand outside the
"door, and it is love which openeth the door before
"them. The prayer which possesseth not the wings
"of the spirit to [mount up] on high standeth before
"the mouth of him that prayeth it, and thinking that
"it hath flown away he doth not perceive that it re-
"maineth [near him]. Offer with thine offering salt,
"as it is written. 3 [Page 710] Let the love of thy
"Lord be salt for thy sacrifice, for the sacrifice which
"hath not salt through His love is despised and rejected
"before Him."
361 [367]. One of the holy men used to say thus:
"I have passed the whole period of twenty years in
"striving so that a strange thought might not enter
"into my heart, and I have seen Satan, until the ninth
"hour, with his bow stretched ready to shoot an arrow
"into my heart; and when he could not find an oppor-
tunity, he was filled with disgust, and he would depart
"each day, having been put to shame." 4
362 [368]. There was a certain holy man in Egypt
who dwelt in the desert, and a little way beyond him
1 The better reading is
2 The better reading is
3 Leviticus II. 13.
* InBedjah's edition there follows: .Jau
924 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
was an elder \pr, priest], who was a Manichean; and
this Manichean was obliged to make a journey and to
go to one who was of the same faith as himself, and
as he was going along the road, he arrived at even-
tide at the place where the holy man lived, and the
Manichean was in great distress, for he had no place
near at hand wherein to enter. Now he was afraid
to go to the holy man, for he thought that he would
recognize him, and would not allow him to enter [his
cell]; nevertheless, being sore pressed, and not knowing
where [else] to go, he knocked at the door of that
holy man; and he opened the door, and the Manichean
went in, and the holy man received him with gladness,
and he knew who he was, and he urged him to pray,
and he relieved all his wants, and the Manichean slept,
and was refreshed. And it came to pass during the
night that the Manichean came to himself, and said,
"How is it that there is nothing which it was seemly
"to do which this blessed man hath not done for me?
"verily this is a man of God." Then he rose up and
fell down at his feet, and said, "From this day on-
"wards I shall believe as thou believest;" and he turned
to the truth, and he became a friend of the holy man
and lived with him always.
363 [368 A ]. I have heard that ABBA ISAAC said con-
cerning ABBA MATAOIS his Rabba, now they both arrived
at the dignity of the episcopacy, [Page 711], that first
of all ABBA MATAOIS built his monastery in the country
of the HARBELAYE (HERAKLEANS), but that being much
troubled by the multitudes who came to him, he left
that place, and departed, and went to another spot in
order that he might find quietness, and he built a
monastery for himself there. And by the operation of
Satan as it were, he found there a certain brother
with whom he was at enmity, and he afflicted him
greatly; and the old man saw [this], and he rose up
and departed to his village, so that the man might
not be vexed through him, and there he built a
ON "THE ASCETIC LIFE. 925
monastery, and shut himself in it. Now after a time,
the fathers of that place wherefrom ABBA MAjAois had
departed gathered together, and they took that brother
who was aggrieved, and they went to him in order
to entreat 'him and to bring him to his monastery;
and when they had arrived at the place where ABBA
SoRioN used to dwell, they left their cloaks there, and
the aggrieved brother was with them. And when the
fathers had knocked, the old man brought forward 1 a
ladder, and he recognized them, and said unto them,
"Where are your cloaks?" And they said, "They are
"here with us, with such and such a brother." Now
when the old man heard the name of that brother, in
sheer joy he took an axe and opened the door, and
he ran to the place where that brother was, and the
holy man fell at the feet of the saint, and he made
entreaty to him, and he kissed him, and saluted
him, and he brought him and the fathers to his cell,
and he refreshed both him and them for three days;
and he made ready a meal, which he was not in the
habit of doing, and he rose up and went with them
\vith great joy. Now afterwards he was called to the
office of Bishop, and he became a worker of signs
and miracles, and he also made his disciple ABBA ISAAC
a Bishop, and he continued to lead a life of spiritual
excellence until the end of his life.
364 [369]. They used to say of ABBA SERAPION,
the Bishop, that whensoever a man came to him to
receive [Page 712] the monastic garb, he said these
words to him, "When thou prayest say, 'Lord, teach
"'me to do Thy will/"
365 [370]. On one occasion ABBA PAPHNUTIUS was
living in a remote desert, and it happened that a
certain brother came to him and found him sick, and
the brother took him, and washed him, and of the
food which he had with him he boiled a little, and
Read
.3X0.
926 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
brought it to him to eat. And when he saw [this]
he answered and said, "In very truth it had passed 1
"from my mind that this gratification for the children
"of men existed;" and he brought him a cup of cream.
Now when the old man saw him, he wept, and said,
"I never expected that, even to the day of my death,
"I should drink wine."
366 [371]- One of the fathers told a story, saying:
On one occasion two brethren according to the body
came to the desert to a certain monk, and they con-
ducted themselves in an excellent manner, and they
were praised by the whole brotherhood. And it came
to pass that one of them fell into a sickness which
lasted not a few years, and his brother ministered unto
him, and certain fathers came to visit him, and they
began to praise him that ministered unto him, saying,
"Thy willingness and thine abstinence profit the whole
"brotherhood." And he answered and said unto them
with great humility, "Forgive me, O my fathers, for I
"have not as yet begun to lead a life of rule, but it is
"my brother who doeth the works of excellence, and
"that ye may indeed learn that such is the case, come
"after me, and see." Then he took them in to his
brother in the cell wherein he lay, and he said unto
him, "Father, where is the axe which I gave thee
"yesterday?" And he began to seek for it. Then he
said unto him, "See, O my brother, do an act of grace
"and seek for it with me," and the sick brother took
it upon himself to be asked for that which he had not
taken. And having profited [by his example] the fathers
departed from that place.
367 [372]. An old man used to say, "Flee from
"that love which [Page 713] subsisteth by means of
"the things which are corrupt, for with them a man
"also passeth away and is destroyed."
368 [373]. ABBA ELIJAH used to say, "The love
1 Read ?
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 927
"which a man possesseth for his neighbour, and which
"is caused by some temporal matter is, in the process
"of time, turned into fierce enmity."
369 [374!- And he also said, "Whatsoever hath its
"being for God's sake endureth and abideth for ever
"with those who are true."
37 [375l' On one occasion the priest of PiLts!6N
heard that certain of the brethren were idle and lazy,
and that they were constantly in the city, and that
they swam in the baths, and neglected the works of
excellence which belong to the life of the monk, and
when they came to the congregation he took their
monkish dress from them; and having done [this] he
was sad at heart, and repented, and he went to ABBA
POEMEN and informed him about them. And the old
man said unto him, "Hast thou nothing of the old
"man about thee?" [And he said "Yea." 1 And the
old man said unto him], "Therefore thou thyself art
"like unto them, and thou art nigh unto sin." Then
the priest went and expressed his sorrow to them, and
he put on them the dress of monks [once more]. Now
they were twelve in all.
371 [376]. On one occasion tribulation came upon
the monks in a certain place where they were living,
and they wished to forsake it and to come to ABBA
AMMON; and behold, 2 he was travelling in a boat, and
he saw them going along by the side of the river,
and he ordered the boatman to bring [the boat] close
to land. Then he called these brethren and said unto
them, "I am AMMON to whom ye wish to go;" and he
entreated them to go back to their place, and he
comforted them, and told them to endure patiently, for
there was in the matter no 3 loss to the soul, but only
human vexation.
1 Adding, . fcu& <
2 Read .0*2 fri
3 Read iA ;O<TT
928 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
372 [377]. On one occasion an old man went up
from Scete to the brethren in the mountain, and when
they saw that he was a man of great ascetic labours,
and that he practised stern self-denial, they entreated
him to let them make a meal for him, and they
brought him a little wine to drink. Now the people
[Page 713] of the country heard about him, and they
brought him a man who was afflicted with a devil
that he might heal him; and when the devil saw him,
he began to revile him, saying, "Hast thou brought
"this winebibber to me?" And the old man did not
wish to cast him out because of the praise of men,
but, because the devil had reviled him, he said unto
him, "I believe in Christ, and I shall not have drunk
"[this] cup of wine until thou hast gone forth;" and as
he began to drink that devil cried out, and said, "Thou
"art consuming me;" and before the old man could
drink that cup [of wine] the devil went forth by the
grace of Christ.
373 [S?^]- They used to say that a certain father
who was a recluse had a brother, according to the
body, who lived in another cell, and that this brother
fell ill, and sent to him a message to come and see
him before he died; and his brother said, "I am un-
"able to go out for the sake of my brother in the
"flesh." And his brother sent him another message,
saying, "Come, if it be only in the night, that I may
"see thee;" and the recluse said, "I cannot do so, for
"if I did my heart would not be pure before God."
So the brother died, and they did not see each
other.
374 [379]' They once wanted to make ABBA ISAAC
priest in Scete, and when he heard [this] he fled to
Egypt, and he went into a field and hid himself among
the crop because the fathers were pursuing him, and
when they came to that field they began to weary a
little; and they turned the ass which they had with
them out to feed, but he left the whole field, and
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 929
went and stood up in that place where AuuA ISAAC
was hidden. And in the morning they went out to
look for the ass, and they found the ass and the old
man [together], and they marvelled; and when they
wished to make ABBA ISAAC take an oath [not to run
away] he would not allow them [to do so], and he
said unto them, "I shall not flee again, for it is
"the will of God, and whithersoever I flee I shall
"come to this thing, for this is a consecration by
"God."
375 [380} ABBA MACARIUS asked ABBA ARSENIUS,
saying, [Page 715] "Is it good for a man not to have
"any pleasure at all in his cell? I know a brother who
"used to have a few garden herbs in his cell, and to
"prevent himself from having any gratification there-
"from, he pulled them up by the roots;" and ABBA
ARSENIUS said unto him, "This is good, but every
"man [must do] as he is able, and if he hath not the
"strength to persist in this perhaps he should plant
"others."
376 [381]. The old men who were in Egypt told
ABBA ELIJAH that ABBA AGATHON was a great man.
And the old man said unto them, "Considering his
"youth he was a great man in his generation, but he
"was very far removed from the men of old. I saw
"in Scete an old man who was able to hold back the
"sun in his course in the heavens like JOSHUA, the son
"of NUN;" and when they heard [this] they marvelled
and praised God.
377 [382]. A certain brother asked ABBA POEMEN
about fornication, and he answered and said, "[It cometh
"upon a man] because our eyes will not allow us to
"see the help of God which surrouncleth a man, for
"a man is constrained to humility and to the fear
"of God at all times, even as he is constrained
"[to draw] the breath which goeth forth from his
"mouth."
378 [383]. An old man used to say, "If thou wishest
930 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
"to learn to know [thy] neighbour praise him more than
"thou rebukest him."
379 [384]- They used to say that whensoever one
of the fathers wished to sleep a little, he would sit
down in his cell at some distance from the wall, so
that whenever he nodded his head he became wide
awake.
380 [385]. And whensoever another of the old
men lay down he used to hold up a book above him,
and when he dropped off to sleep the book would fall
down and awake him. 1
381 [386]. ABBA ANTHONY said, "I do not fear God,
"on the contrary, I love Him."
382 [387]. One of the old men whilst exhorting
the brethren to work of spiritual excellence used to say,
"Troubles are hard unto those who are not accustomed 2
"to them. Troubles are like unto dogs; for as dogs
"[Page 716] bite those who are not familiar with them,
"and wag their tails at those who are, so also are
"labours, because they give pain to those who have
"no experience of them, and they are pleasing unto
"those who are trained in bearing them. This excep-
tion must, however, be made: lusts are wont to pro-
"duce troubles and adversities, but troubles are the
"cause of pleasure and delights."
383 [388]. On one occasion ABBA AMMON came to
cross the river, and he found that they were making
ready a boat to take [some] men over, and he sat
down in it; and behold, there was another boat which
was going to take over some women, and they cried
out to him, "Come thou, father, and cross over with us."
And he answered and said unto them, "If I had not
'been going to cross over in the public boat I could
1 In Bedjan's edition there follows: No. 23. Abba Besa-
rion said, "I stood up for forty nights, and did not sleep."
< JSS.U? Ao : XKOOJ vj^a .(AllS ^iobl .aboJ .o*aJSx3
2 Read
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 931
"not cross [with you]." Now he had with him a bundle
of palm leaves, and he sat down and plaited mats
until that boat was ready, and then he crossed over
the river [in it]. And the brethren expressed their
regrets, saying, "Why hast thou done thus?" Then
the old man said unto them, "Because I do not at all
"times travel in great haste, and because my thoughts
"are not always in a turmoil." Now this is a proof
that a man should travel on the path of God with a
well ordered mind.
384 [389
the fathers
JOSEPH, and
One of the old men came to one of
and asked him] to go and visit ABBA
le said to him, "Tell thy disciple to go
"with us;" and the father said, "Call him, and whatso-
"ever thou commanclest him, he will do." The old
man said unto him, "What is his name?" and the
Rabba of the disciple said, "I know not." The old
man said unto him, "And how long hath he been with
"thee? Dost thou not know his name?" And the
father said, ''Behold, he hath been with me for two
"years;" then the old man answered and said, "If he
"hath been with thee for two years, and thou hast
"not learnt his name, how can I learn it in one day?"
385 [390]. A brother asked ABBA POEMEN, and
said, "On one occasion I was distressed, and I begged
"one of the holy men to lend me a certain thing, and
"he gave it to me as a free gift; now if God prospereth
"me [Page 7 1 7] shall I give it to another man, or shall
"I return it to him that gave it to me in the time of
"my tribulation?" The old man saith, "The gift was
"most certainly from God, and it is meet for thee to
"return it to him, for it belongeth to him." And that
brother said unto him, "Supposing that I carry it to
"him, and he refuse to take it, and say unto me,
" 'Get thee gone, and give it as a free gift to any one
"'at thy pleasure,' what am I to do?" The old man
said, "The thing still belongeth to him. For if a man
"bringeth thee something of his own aqcord, and thou
932 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
"hast no knowledge about it, in this manner the thing
"is his; but if thou hast borrowed something, either
"from a monk or from a man in the world, and he
"refuseth to take it back, it belongeth to thee, 1 and
"thou mayest do as thou pleasest with it."
386 [391]- ABBA JOSEPH related that ABBA ISAAC
said, "I was on one occasion sitting with ABBA POEMEN,
"and I saw that he was in a state of great stupefaction,
"and because I possessed some influence over him, I
"offered entreaty to him, saying, "Father, where is thy
"'mind?' And after I had pressed him greatly, he
"answered and said, 'My mind was in the place of the
" 'Crucifixion, where the holy woman MARY, [the God-
" 'bearer], was standing and weeping by the Cross
" 'of our Reedemer, and I was wishing that I might
"'at all times feel thus.'"
387 [392]. They used to say that ABBA SISOES the
Theban was wont to dwell among the reeds of ARSANIA,
where there was, at some distance from him, an old
man who was sick; and when he heard [of it] he was
distressed, for he fasted two days at a time, and that
day was the day on which he ought not to eat. And
he said in his mind, "What shall I do? For perhaps
"the brethren will compel me to eat, and if I wait [to
"go to the old man] until to-morrow perhaps he will
"be dead. I can only do this. I will go, but will not
"break the law and eat;" so he went, and he ate not,
and he did not break the rule of life which [he observed]
for God's sake.
388 [393]. They used to say [Page 7 1 8] that ABBA
NETIRA, who was the disciple of ABBA SYLVANUS, and
who dwelt in his cell in Mount Sinai, trained his body,
and exercised it in ascetic labours with moderation;
but when he was called by force to the episcopacy,
he afflicted himself with stern and laborious works.
And his disciple said unto him, "Abba, when we lived
Read
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 933
"in the desert thou didst not lead such a life of ab-
stinence and self-denial as thou now doest;" and the
old man said unto him, "There I had the desert, and
"silence, and poverty, and I only had to direct my
"body in moderation so that it might not become ill;
"but here I have the world, and I must vex my body
"so that it may not be caught by any lust whatsoever,
"and that I may not lose my labours."
389 [394]- They used to relate that ABBA POEMEN
and the brethren at one time worked with their hands,
but he could not sell their work; and they were dis-
tressed because they had no one to buy their work;
and one of the brethren, who was a friend of theirs,
went to a certain believing merchant and informed him
of the matter. Now ABBA POEMEN [always] refused to
accept anything from any man, so that he might not
be entreated [for alms] by the multitude. And when
the merchant heard [about their need], because he
wished to do something for the old man, he made
the excuse that he was in need of [the kind] of work
[which they did], and he bought a camel and carried
away the work as if he had been in need of the same ;
and the brother who had told the merchant came to
ABBA POEMEN, and hearing that the merchant had come
and carried away what they had to sell, be said before
ABBA POEMEN, "Verily, O father, the merchant hath
"taken [the work] away, although he did not want it."
Then ABBA POEMEN said to ABBA JOB, his brother,
"Arise, stop the camel, and bring him back, for if thou
"dost not do so POEMEN will not dwell here with you.
"For I do not wish to wrong any man by making him
"unnecessarily [Page 719] to suffer loss on my account,
"and to take my profit." And the brother departed
and brought the camel back with great difficulty, and
then ABBA POEMEN was persuaded to stay with them,
and when he saw [the camel] he rejoiced as one who
had found a great treasure.
39 [395]- A. certain stranger came to Scete, and
934 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
brought there much gold, and he entreated the priest
that it might be given to the brethren, and the priest
said unto him, "It is useless to them;" and having
entreated him many times, and the priest not consent-
ing [to this], the man laid the gold down openly at
the door of the church. And the priest said, "My
"brethren, if any man hath need let him take [some],"
but they refused to touch it, and some of them would
not even look at it. Then the priest said unto him,
"God hath accepted thy gift, go, and give it to the
"poor;" and having been greatly helped he departed.
391 [396]. On one occasion the steward of Scete
went up to Constantinople, and the Emperor seeing
him asked him how the fathers in Egypt were; and
the steward did homage, and answered and said to
the Emperor, "Behold, they eat each other, and live."
Now when the Emperor heard this, he marvelled, and
asked him, "What is the meaning of 'they eat each
"'other?'" And the steward said, "The meaning of
"'they eat 1 each other' is this: When it happeneth
"that one of them is going to die, he commandeth that
"whatsoever he hath shall be given to various men
"according to their needs; and similarly when a man
"worketh he bringeth [the results of] his labour, and
"refresheth all the brethren therewith, and in this way
"they live." The Emperor said unto him, "Verily
"blessed are ye, for ye are saved and freed from the
"cares of the world, and also from the judgment of
"Gehenna. We, on the other hand, are troubled by
"the cares of this world, and Gehenna is prepared
"for us because of our sins."
392. They used to say of ABBA BAT!MIS that, when
[the brethren] were coming down from the harvest to
Scete, they brought down as a gift for the brethren
who were there a jar of oil, which contained the
measure of a kesta, and was sealed with plaster. And
1 Add
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 935
at the return of the period the year following when
they were going [Page 720] to the harvest, they brought
everything which was of benefit to the church; and
ABBA BAT!M}S made a small hole with a needle in the
vessel of oil, and poured out a little of it for himself,
and thought that he had done some great thing in
not having consumed the whole of the oil which was
in the vessel. And when the brethren brought their
vessels with the plaster coverings intact' and the vessels
themselves unopened, whilst his vessel had been per-
forated, he stood there full of shame, just like a man
who thinks that he has been found [committing] for-
nication.
393. There was a great and holy man who used
to dwell in the inner desert, in a state of glorious
ascetic excellence, and the gifts of casting out devils
and of healing the sick had been given to him by
God, and he used to work great miracles in the Name
of Christ, and the beasts also made themselves subject
to him at his command. For it chanced on one oc-
casion when he was journeying in the desert that he
saw a herd of wild asses feeding, and he said to them,
"In the Name of our Lord Jesus Christ, let one of you
"come hither;" and one of them came, and crouched
before him very gently, and the blessed-jnan mounted
him, and sat upon him, and the animal carried him
whither he wished to go.
394. One day when the blessed ANTHONY was
sitting in the desert with the brethren about him,
suddenly there fell upon him a state of stupor, and
he became exceedingly sad and sorry, and he bent
his knees and prayed; and when, after a long time,
he stood up, he wept and groaned, and the old man
began to pluck out his hair; and to throw it away. 1
Now when the brethren saw him weeping they entreated
him to tell them what he had seen; and he answered
1 Read :*io .
936 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
and said unto them, "A great pillar hath fallen this
"day from the church." Now he spake concerning
that holy man who had fallen from his rule of life.
And he sent to him straightway two brethren to see
what had happened [Page 721] and to comfort him,
and when the holy man saw them, he wailed and cried,
and took dust and cast it upon his head, and he fell
down before them, saying, "Go ye and say unto ABBA
"ANTHONY, 'Pray for me that ten days may be given
"'me to live, and I believe that I shall repent;'" but
he died before five days had passed, and did not
remain 1 long enough to offer up repentance for his sin.
395. There was a certain man of noble rank who
sold everything which he had, and divided [the money]
among the poor and the strangers, and he shaved his
head, and went and dwelt in a monastery; now there
remained to him a remnant of his possessions sufficient
for his wants. And after a little time, when he had
obtained freedom of speech, he began to be proud
and to exalt himself above the other brethren, saying,
"They lack education, and the knowledge of learning;"
and the blessed MAR BASIL, the Bishop, sent him a
message in a letter, saying, "Thou hast lost the great
"name which thou hadst in the world, for thou wast
"called 'nobleman', and thou hast not become a monk."
396. ABBA GREGORY made an answer against the
thoughts and said to the brethren, "My brethren, inas-
"much as we have passed the measure of children,
"let us cease from the mind of children, that is to say,
"let us free ourselves from the careless habits of filthy
"lusts; for it would be a shameful thing for us if, since
"childhood hath passed from us, and old age hath come
"upon us, the things of shame had not also passed
"away from us."
397. They used to say that when ABBA MACARIUS
was walking in the desert, he went and found a beauti-
1 Read :.
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 937
ful spot which was like unto the Paradise of God; and
there were in it fountains of water, and numerous palm-
trees, and trees of various kinds which bore fruit, and
when he had come and told the brethren about it,
they begged and entreated him to go and settle them
there. Then the old men, the aged members of the
congregation, who led lives of stern labour, entreated
them not [Page 722] to leave their place, and they
said, "If pleasure and delight be found in that spot,
"and if a man may live therein without vexation and
"labour, what pleasure and delight do ye expect to
"receive from God? Nay, it is right for us to endure
"the hardness of this place wherein we dwell, and to
"suffer tribulations so that we may enjoy pleasure in
"the world to come." And when he had said these
things the brethren were restrained and departed not.
398. There was a certain holy man who used to
see visions, and he told the following story, saying,
"Once when I was standing up in prayer, I heard a
"devil complaining in the presence of his companion,
"saying, 'I am 1 [suffering] great labour and trouble.'
"And when the other devil asked him 2 so that he
"might learn from him the cause of his trouble, he
"said to him, 'This is the work which hath been handed
"over to me. When I have carried these^ monks, who
"are in Jerusalem and its neighbourhood, to Mount
"Sinai I have to bring those who are in Mount Sinai
"to Jerusalem, and I have no rest whatsoever."
399. There was a monk who lived in a cell, far
away in the desert, and this monk had a brother who
lived in the world, and whose end was nigh, for he
had to die; and he sent a message to the monk, say-
ing, "For God's sake do an act of grace, and come
"that I may see thee before I die." And when the
monk heard [this], he shut the door of his cell, and
1 Read -esj.
* The better reading is
938 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
set out to go to him, and as he was travelling
through the desert, he saw an old man sitting on the
wayside mending nets; now this old man was the
Calumniator, who was making ready his snares to catch
in them those who were journeying on the road of
spiritual excellence. And he was exceedingly anxious
to overthrow that brother, and to trip him up by his
snares, for he had not only never allowed his foot to
become entangled in the meshes of his nets, but he
had also slit in pieces and destroyed his pit-falls
through the remembrance of God. Now the monk
did not know that the man who was sitting by the
road-side [Page 723] mending his nets was Satan, and
he said unto him, "Why art thou sitting here in this
"parched desert? And what art thou doing here?"
The Calumniator said unto him, "I am mending my
"nets wherewith I wish to catch the gazelle which are
"in the desert." And the monk said unto him, "Make
"me a net also, for I want to catch with it the gazelle
"which go into my garden and lay it waste." Then
that devil said unto him, "Get thee on thy journey,
"and I will make a net for thee which shall be better
"than that which thou now seest." And when the monk
had gone to his brother, he saw him, and remained
with him for two days, and on the third day his
brother died; and he wrapped him in his grave-clothes,
and buried him with the honour which is due to be-
lieving men. And as he was lying there in his brother's
house, his brother's wife rose up by night, and came
and lay down by his side through the agency of the
Calumniator, and she began to say unto him thus:
"God hath sent thee hither to provide for thy brother's
"children, and to bring them up; take me, then, to wife,
"and take care of thy brother's house and of his chil-
dren, and stay here in peace in thine own house."
And when the monk had heard what she said to him,
he was moved to wrath against her, and he said to
her, "Fie upon thee, O woman! Get thee behind me,
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 939
"Satan!" And he rose up straightway, and took his
staff, and set out to go through the desert to his
cell, and as he was journeying along the way, he saw
that old man sitting in his place and mending his
nets; and the monk said unto him, "Art thou still
"sitting here, O old man? Hast thou prepared for
"me that net concerning which I spake to thee?"
Then Satan became furious, and he looked at him in
fierce anger and said, "Get thee forth from my pre-
tence. Yea, thou hast indeed broken the net which
"I made for thee. Didst thou not know [Page 724]
"that thou wast breaking and slitting in pieces during
"the past night that other net which was better than
"the first one? 1 I am not able to make a net which
"[will catch] thee." And as he was speaking he
changed himself into a great serpent. Now when the
monk saw this he understood that it was Satan who
had appeared unto him; and he fled from the place
in fear, and went to his cell, and he gave thanks unto
God Who had delivered him from the snare of Satan,
who had wished to snare him and to drag him down
into his net through his brother's wife.
400. A certain brother had recently received the
garb of a monk, and he went and shut himself up in
a cell, and said, "I am a desert monk." -_And when
the fathers heard [this], they came and took him out
of his place, and made him to go about to the cells
of the brethren, and to make apologies to them, say-
ing, "I am not a desert monk, and I have only just
"begun to be a disciple." 2
401. On one occasion ABBA ABRAHAM went to ABBA
ARA, and whilst they were sitting talking, a certain
brother also came to Abba, and repeated the follow-
ing: There was a certain rich man in Jerusalem who
had become rich by means of fraud, and avarice, and
1 Read
2 From Bedjan's edition, p. 853, No.
94-O QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
oppression, and wicked acts of various kinds ; and when
this man came to himself, and understood that there
was judgment to come, he drew nigh to a certain
teacher, and said unto him, "I beseech thee [to hearken
unto me]. My mind is led captive by worldly care, and
"by anxieties which are of the earth; make me whole
"then, so that I may not perish." And the teacher
gave him to read the Book of the Wisdom of Solomon,
and as he was reading [it], he found a verse which
said, ''He who hath compassion upon the poor lendeth
"to God." Then he shut the book, and gave it to
the teacher, saying, "Who is there that is more sure
"and more to be trusted than God, Who if I shew
"compassion upon the poor, will give me back both
"principal and interest?" Then he went immediately,
and sold everything which he possessed and divided
it among the poor, and he left nothing whatsoever of
it to himself except four dinars, which were to be
[spent] in burying him; and he fell into want, and be-
came exceedingly poor, and he went about begging,
but no man either shewed compassion upon him or
gave him food. Finally he meditated within himself,
and said, "I will go to the Lord my God, and will
"enter into judgment with Him because He led me
"astray and made me scatter all my possessions."
Now as he was returning to Jerusalem, he saw
two men fighting with each other, and each was
striving [Page 725] to take from his companion a
certain stone of great excellence, which had fallen from
the ephod which was on AARON, the high priest; now
the men did not know what the stone was. Then the
man said unto them, "Why are ye fighting and con-
tending with each other?" And they answered and
said unto him, "We have found a stone, and we do
"not know what its value is;" and he said unto them,
"Give it to me, and take four dinars? and they gave
him the stone gladly. Then the man went into Jeru-
salem and shewed the stone to a goldsmith, who, as
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 941
soon as he saw the stone, said unto him, "Where
"didst thou find this? For behold, because [of the
"loss] thereof all Jerusalem hath been in an uproar for
"the last three days. But go, and give it to the high
"priest, and he will make thee a rich man." Now when
he had gone into the temple, the angel of the Lord
appeared unto the high priest, and said unto him,
"Behold, a man hath come unto thee, and he hath
"with him the stone which was lost; give him, then, gold,
"and silver, and precious stones according to his
"desire, and rebuke him, and say unto him, 'Have no
" 'doubt whatsoever in thy mind, and restrain not thy-
" 'self from lending to God as if thou wert not a be-
" 'liever and a true man, for, behold, I have given unto
" 'thee twofold in this world [for what thou didst lend
" 'Me], and in the world to come life everlasting/ "
402.* And the fathers also said: There was a
rich philosopher in a certain city, and he never gave
anything to any man; and the Bishop of the city said
unto him, "Dost thou know, O my beloved brother,
"that when we came into this world we brought nothing
"in with us, and that we shall not be able to carry
"anything out with us? But from that which Christ
"hath given unto thee thou shouldst lend in this world,
"and in the next He will reward thee several times
"over." Then the philosopher said unto the Bishop,
"Wilt thou be surety to me that if I lend [money]
"unto Him He will reward me?" And the Bishop
answered and said, "Yea, I will be surety to thee;"
and the Bishop having become surety to him, straightway
the rich man began to scatter his possessions, and
whensoever he gave alms to any man he used to write
thus: "Behold, I have lent to Christ, such and such
"things, Bishop So-and-so being security for the same;"
and he did thus until he had scattered all the riches
1 The following is translated from Bedjan's edition, p. 855,
No. *off.
942 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
which he possessed. Now when the day arrived for
him to go forth from the world, he commanded his
household, saying, "I make you to take an oath by
"Christ, in Whom I have trusted, that this paper shall
"be laid with me in the grave;" and they took the
oath even as he made them to do. And after many
days, the Bishop came to the city, and he went to the
kinsfolk of the philosopher, and he comforted them,
and said unto them, "Did he not give you any com-
"mands? And did he not make a will?" And they
said unto him, "When he was dying he made us swear
"that the paper of indebtedness should be laid with
"him [in the grave], and we did even as he said."
And the Bishop said unto them, "Come ye and shew
"me his grave," and when he had gone and entered
into the grave, he saw the paper laid on the breast
of the philosopher, and he took it, and opened it, and
found that there was written in it thus: "I, the philo-
"sopher So-and-so, have gone to Christ, and every-
"thing which I lent unto Him He hath returned unto
"me many times over; and henceforward I have no
"claim whatsoever, except tranquillity and peace." And
every one who saw and heard [this] praised God, unto
Whom all things are easy.
403. There was a certain rich man in Alexandria
whose name was DOMYANOS, and he fell sick of a
grievous disease, and being afraid that he was going
to die he divided thirty pounds weight of gold among
the poor; and it happened that he recovered, and then
he repented of what he had done. Now he had a
rich friend, who was a chaste and excellent man, and
he revealed to him everything about which he repented,
and the friend answered and said unto him, "Be not
"sad, O my brother, for it is meet that thou shouldst
"rejoice, because thou hast made an offering unto God
"of thy gold;" but the rich man did not agree with
him. Then he said unto him, "I will give thee thirty
"pounds' weight of gold, and thou must not be vexed,
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 943
"but come with me to the temple of MAR Mi.vA, the
"martyr, and say thus: 'It is not I who have given
"'these alms, but this man/ and take that which is
"thine, and go." And having done this, he took thirty
pounds' weight of gold, and went to go forth by the
door of the church, and the angel of the Lord smote
him, and he fell down straightway, and died. Then
the priests who were in the temple of MAR M!NA
gathered themselves together, and they said to the
friend, "Take thy gold, and be gone." And he said
unto them, "God forbid that I should take anything
"from Christ, for I have offered it to Him, and it is
"His, but if it seem [fit] to you let it be divided among
"the poor;" and it was divided according to his com-
mand, and every one who heard feared and glorified
God. My brethren, let us admire the excellence of
that friend, and let us not be sad when we offer alms
and oblations unto God, for we [only] offer unto Him
that which is His. And He Himself hath written that
He is the debtor and the borrower, and hath promised
a reward even for a cup of cold water, saying, "What-
"soever ye do unto one of these little ones, ye do
"unto Me;" 1 may He make us worthy to do His will.
Amen.
[Here follow] the counsels which belong in order
to the old man who spake against the -thoughts of
fornication, saying, "Be like unto a man who passeth
"through a street of taverns, &c. 2 ]
404. O man, for thy sake was CHRIST born, and
the Son of God came that he might make thee to live;
He became a babe, He became a child, and He became
a man, being [at the same time] God in His Nature,
and the Son of God.
405. He Who was the Lawgiver became a reader,
and He took the Book in the synagogue, and read,
1 St. Matthew x. 42; xxv. 40.
3 See No. 582.
944 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
saying, "The Spirit of the Lord is upon Me, and there-
"fore He hath anointed Me, and hath sent Me to preach
"the Gospel to the poor." 1
406. Like a sub-deacon He made a whip of cord,
and drove out from the temple all those who sold oxen,
and rams, and doves, et cetera.
407. Like a servant He girded a napkin about His
loins, and washed the feet of His disciples, and He
commanded them to wash the feet of their brethren.
408. Like a priest He sat among the priests and
taught the people.
409. Like a Bishop He took bread, and blessed
[it], and brake, and gave unto His disciples. He was
beaten for thy sake, He was crucified for thy sake,
and He died for thy sake; yet for His sake thou wilt
not even bear disgrace! He rose as God, and He
ascended as God. He wrought all things for us, fit-
tingly and in order, that He might redeem us. Let
us, then, be watchful, and zealous, and constant in prayer;
let us do all things which are pleasing unto Him, and
which gratify those who love Him, so that we may be
redeemed and live. Was not JOSEPH sold into EGYPT,
and was he not in a strange land? And the three
Holy Children in Babylon, peradventure they acquired
knowledge with man and stood in front of them [of
themselves]? Nay, it was because they feared God that
He helped them, and made them glorious.
410. An old man, who had delivered himself unto
God, used to say, "The monk hath no will of his own.
"Now he who abideth in ministering unto the will
"of God never wearieth, but if thou performest thine
"own will thou becomest weary and exhausted, because
"God doth not support thee."
411. The old man also said, "When a soldier en-
"tereth the battle he taketh care for himself only, and
"so also is it with the huntsman; let us then be like
1 St. Luke iv. 1 8.
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 945
"unto these, for riches, and kinsfolk, and wisdom are
"dung without a correct rule of life and conduct
412. The old man also said, "God dwelleth in the
"man who worketh with God, for He said, 'I will dwell
"'in them, and I will walk in them, and they shall be
"'to Me a people, and I will be unto them a God.'"
413. The old man also said, "God saith unto thee
"thus: If thou lovest Me, O monk, that which I wish
"do, and do not what I desire not. The life of
"a monk are these: good works, obedience, train-
ing, not to blame his neighbour, not to calumniate
"any man, and not to complain, for it is written, 'The
"'mercy of the Lord hateth evil things.'"
414. The same old man used to say, "The life and
"conduct of a monk are these: he must not act ini-
"quitously, and he must not look upon evil things with
"his eyes, and he must not hearken with his ears unto
"things which are alien to the fear of God, and he
"must not utter calumnies with his mouth, and he must
"not seize things with his hands, but must give espe-
cially to those who are in need, he must neither be
"exalted in his mind nor meditate with wicked thoughts,
"and he must not fill his belly. All these things he
"must perform with intelligence, for by them is a monk
"known."
415. A certain brother vexed an old "-man several
times by saying unto him, "What shall I do in respect
"of the wicked and filthy thoughts of all sorts and
"kinds which go through me?" And the old man
answered and said unto him, "Thou art like unto a
"stagnant pool which is at one time filled with water,
"and which at another, when water hath been drawn up
"from it, runneth dry. Why canst thou not rather be like
"unto the spring which never faileth? Patient persist-
"ence is victory, and victory is constancy, and con-
stancy is life, and life is kingdom, and kingdom is God."
416. ABBA EPIPHANIUS used to say, "Whatsoever
"food thou wishest to eat with pleasure desire not to
946 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
"give to thy body, especially when thou art not sick,
"and that food for which thou lustest thou shalt not
"eat. When, however, thou art eating the things which
"are sent unto thee by God, give thanks unto Him at
"all times, and be grateful unto Him. We have received
"pleasures and delights because of the name of monastic
"life, but we perform not the works of monks, and it
"shall be that thou art not a monk. What then? Wilt
"thou not play the man that, peradventure, thou mayest
"be clothed in the apparel which is alien unto thee?
"Tell me, O brother, how can a man possess the seal
"of service unless he possesseth humility? For the
"humble man who seeth another sinning weepeth bit-
"terly, saying, 'This man may perhaps sin to-day,
"'but how many times shall I sin to-morrow?' But, if
"any man sin before thee, no matter who he may be,
"condemn him not, but consider thyself to be a greater
"sinner than he is, even though he be both a child of
"this world, and make people to sin against God."
417. He also used to say, "Know thyself, and thou
"shalt never fall. Give work unto thy soul, that is to
"say, constant prayer, and the love which is in God,
"before another can give it evil thoughts; and pray
"ye that the spirit of error may be remote from you."
418. He also used to say, "Whatsoever thou doest
"successfully, and makest a boast of, that destroy, for
"it is not right for a monk to boast about his good
"deeds, and if he boasteth he will fall."
419. "When thou prayest say with a hidden voice
"unto God, 'Lord, how am I to acquire Thee? Thou,
"'even Thou knowest that I am a beast, and that I
" 'know nothing. Thou hast brought me to the highest
" 'point of this life, O redeem me for Thy mercy's sake.
" 'I am Thy servant and the son of Thine handmaiden.
" 'O Lord, by Thy wish make me to live."
420. The old man is falsehood, and the new man
is truth. Truth is the root of good works, and false-
hood is death. If the liar, and the thief, and the
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 947
calumniator, knew that they were to be exposed and
made known to all at a subsequent period they would
never commit their offences, and it is even thus with
those who commit adultery.
421. The sons of ELI, HOPHNI and PHINEHAS were
priests of the Lord, but they feared not God, and they
and all their house perished.
422. He who layeth hold upon, and bindeth, and
taketh to himself the remembrance of evil things, is
like unto the man who burieth fire within chopped straw.
423. If thou wouldst talk to a man concerning life,
and if thou wouldst say a word unto him with suffer-
ing, and with repentance, and with weeping, speak
unto him that heareth and doeth ; and if thou dost not
[do this] speak not at all, lest thou die, and depart
without profit from the words wherewith thou didst
wish to vivify others. For unto the sinner God saith,
"What are the Books of My commandments unto thee,
"for thou hast taken My covenant in thy mouth?"
424. ABBA EPIPHANIUS said, "When the thought
"cometh to fill thy bosom, that is to say, thy heart,
"with vain glory or pride, say thou unto it, 'Old man,
"'behold thy fornication.'"
425. And he also said, "If we do evil things God
"will be unmindful of His longsuffering; but if we do
"good things, it will not help us greatly, for in order
"to increase the profit of freedom, and that the mer-
"chandize of the will may not be spoiled, a man must
"rejoice in contending."
426. On one occasion the brethren entreated RABBA
EPIPHANIUS, saying, "Speak to us, father, something
"whereby we may live, even though thou speakest and
"we keep not the seed of thy word because our ground
"is a salted thing.'* And the old man answered and
said unto them, "He who doth not receive all brethren,
"and who maketh distinctions between them, he who
"doth this, I say, cannot become perfect"
427. If a man revile thee, bless him, and if he ac-
94-8 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
cept the blessing it shall be good for both of you;
and if he doth not, he shall receive the reward of his
reviling, and thou of the blessing.
428. It is right for a monk to live even as ABBA
ARSENIUS lived. Take care each day to stand before
God without sin, and draw nigh unto Him with tears
as did the sinful woman; and pray thou unto the Lord
God as if He were standing before thee, for He is
near, and He looketh at thee carefully.
429. He who wisheth to dwell in the desert must
be a teacher by his own knowledge, and he must not
be in need of being taught, lest, peradventure, he be
harmed by devils, and lest he scrutinize his under-
standing too closely, and lest, in some form or other,
he become a laughing-stock to the beings who are
above, and to those who are below.
430. The correct rule of conduct for him that loveth
God is to be without blame.
431. A certain old man returned an answer against
evil thoughts, and said unto the brethren, "Now I be-
"seech you, O my brethren, that we cease from the ascetic
"life and its labours, and that we also desist from the
"anxieties of evil thoughts. For what are we? A sound
"which cometh from the fine dust, or a sound which
" cometh from the dust of the ground. JOSEPH of RAMAH
"having asked to [be allowed to] take away the body
"of JESUS removed it and swathed it with swathings
"of fine linen, and then laid it in a new grave. Now
"the pure heart is the new grave of the new man."
432. The devils said unto one of the old men,
wishing to lead him astray, "Dost thou wish to see
"Christ?" And he said unto them, "My curse be upon
"you, and on that which ye say, for I believe in Christ
"Who said, 'If they say unto you, Behold, here is
"'Christ, or, Behold, there is Christ, believe them not;'" 1
and immediately the devils disappeared.
1 St. Matthew xxiv. 23.
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 949
433- What is [the meaning of] the word which
the Apostle spake, "To the pure all things are pure?" 1
The old man said unto him, "If a man cometh to this
"word, and arriveth at this measure, he will see that
"he himself hath more shortcomings than any other
"creature, and that he is inferior to every being." The
brother said unto him, "How is it possible for me to
"consider myself more imperfect than a murderer and
"inferior to him? Is it possible for me to consider the
"murderer and the fornicator, whose actions are abo-
"minable, better than myself?" And the old man
answered and said unto him, "If a man attaineth unto
"this word, and he seeth his neighbour committing a
"murder, or doing something else which is not good,
"he will think within himself, saying, 'This is [only]
" 'one sin, and this man hath only committed this one
" 'sin, but I am at all times a murderer through hatred
" 'and a wicked will.' "
434. A brother asked ABBA JOB, the brother of
ABBA POEMEN, concerning a word which the Apostle
spake, saying, 2 "Esteem every man to be more ex-
"cellent than thyself." And the old man answered and
said, "If a man hath arrived at this measure, and he
"seeth the offence of his brother, he will conceal it as
"if it had never happened."
435. An old man used to say, "I never take a
"step without first learning where I am about to put
"my foot, but I stand up, and look about me carefully,
"and I am not careless, and I do not let [my foot go]
"until God guideth me, and leadeth me on the path
"to the place which pleaseth Him."
436. An old man used to say, "God giveth a man
"the opportunity to repent as long as he wisheth to
"do, and in proportion as he wisheth, for it is written,
" 'Speak first thy sins, and thou shalt be justified.' "
1 Titus i. 15.
a Philippians II. 3.
950 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
437. An old man used to say, "Silence is filled
"with all life, but in the speech which is abundant death
"is hidden."
438. And the old man also said, "Lying and sin
"are wont to lie in ambush in the words which are
"long and broad."
439. An old man used to say, "Humility never
"becometh angry, and never provoketh a man to
"wrath."
440. ABBA JOSEPH said unto ABBA LOT, "Thou art
"unable to become a monk, but thou mayest become
"wholly like a flame which burneth and blazeth
"fiercely."
441. An old man was asked, "What is humility?"
And he said unto him that asked the question, "If
"thy brother offend thee, and thou forgive him before
"he can repent and entreat thee [that is humility]."
442. An old man also said, "Keep thy conscience
"with thy brother, and thou shalt find rest."
443. ABBA PAPHNUTIUS used to say, "He who
"esteemeth himself as nothing, whithersoever he goeth,
"or wheresoever he dwelleth, he shall find rest."
444. The same old man said, "During all the days
"of the life of the old men I used to go and visit
"them twice each month, and my cell was distant from
"them twelve miles, and in respect of every thought
"about which I asked them, they never said to me
"anything except, 'Wheresoever thou goest esteem thy-
" 'self as nothing, and thou shalt find rest.' "
445. One of the old men used to say, "Love
"knoweth not how to keep a storehouse [full] of
"possessions."
446. The same old man also said, "I do not know
"the actual thing whereby, on two occasions, the ene-
"mies led me into error, and into the committing of
"sin, and into the transgression [of the Law]."
447. Certain old men asked John the Less, saying,
"When thou wast in Scete with the fathers, how didst
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 951
"thou see them conducting themselves?" And he said
unto them, "By night and by day they were perform-
ing with all their might the work of God, that is to
"say, [they were reciting] the service, and they prayed,
"and read, and were anxious with divine solicitude,
"and instead of being idle they worked with their
"hands."
448. On one occasion ABBA AMMON came to the
brethren, and they, whilst expressing regret [for troubl-
ing him, asked him] to say some words of excellence
to them; and the old man answered and said unto
them, "It is right that we all should travel the path of
"God with well ordered [minds]."
449. ABBA ANTHONY used to say, "When we rise
"up in the morning each day let us think that we shall
"not abide until the evening, and when we come to
"lie down also let us think that we shall not abide
"until the morning; for we know not the days of our
"life, but they are known unto God. If we do this
"each day we shall not sin, and we shall do nothing
"wicked before God, and we shall not lust eagerly for
"anything belonging to this world, and we shall not
"be angry with anyone, but in everything we shall
"be regarding our souls, even as men who await death."
450. And he also said, "As fish die when they are
"drawn out of the water, even so do monks, who have
"forsaken the world, become sluggish, when they remain
"with the children of this world or dwell with them;
"it is then meet for us to hasten to the mountain even
"as fish haste to the water."
451. Now they used to say that ABBA ANTHONY
was wholly [illumined] by the appearance of the light
of the spirit, and that he could see what was happen-
ing from a distance; now on one occasion he saw the
soul of the blessed Ammon being taken up into heaven
by the hands of angels, although he was distant from
him ten stages.
452. One of the brethren asked him once about
952 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
the thoughts, and the old man answered and said unto
him, "Do not carry them into effect, but let them
"settle down and down until they breed worms and
"perish."
453. ABBA POEMEN used to say, "If a man pass a
"hundred years in the cell he will not understand his
"departure from this world and become a monk, unless
"he attribute sin to himself at all times, and make
"himself to be remote, both in his mind and in his
"actions, from those things which he knoweth will
"separate him from God, and make supplication unto
"God at all times through suffering and tears."
454. A brother asked ABBA POEMEN, saying, "What
"is the repentance of sins?" And he said unto him,
"The repentance of sins consisteth in a man not com-
"mitting the sin again from the moment wherein he
"repenteth of it; and on account of this the righteous
"were called 'spotless,' and because they had forsaken
"[their] sins, and had cleansed themselves from them."
455. And another brother also asked him, saying,
"Shew me a word whereby I may live;" and the old
man said unto him, "The first thing of all which the
"fathers have given us [to do] is to mourn."
456. ABBA POEMEN used to say, "The passions are
"four heads;" and a brother said unto him, "What are
"they?" The old man said unto him, "Worldly grief
"which cometh about many things, the love of money,
"vain glory, and fornication; and it is meet that we
"should be on the watch against these before all other
"passions."
457. He said also, "If a monk hateth two things
"he is able to free himself from the world, and these
"are," said he, "the gratifications of the body, and vain
"glory."
458. The same old man also said, "Wrath is a
"natural thing in man, that is to say, but it must be
"used to cut off evil passions. Hunger is natural in
"a man, but it must be employed [in satisfying] the
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 953
"want of the body, and not [to gratify] the feeling of
"eager lust [to eat], even as the blessed DAVID said,
'"With him whose eye is lofty and whose heart is
" 'greedy I have not eaten.' * Sleep too is natural in
"man, but [it must not be indulged] to satiety."
459. A brother asked ABBA POEMEN, saying, "Tell
"me, why it is that when I offer repentance to a
"brother who is wroth with me I do not see him
"pleased with me?" The old man said unto him,
"Tell me truly: when thou offerest to him repentance
"hast thou not the opinion that thou art not doing it
"because thou hast sinned against him, but because of
"the commandment?" And the brother said unto him,
"It is even thus." The old man said unto him, "Be-
"cause of this God doth not permit him to be pleased
"with thee, and because thou dost not offer repentance
"to him in fulfilment of thine own desire, but as if
"thou hadst not sinned against him, but he had sinned
"against thee."
460. They used to say that when the disciples of
ABBA AGATHON were building a cell he remained with
them for a period of four months, and when they
had finished it, on the first Sabbath on which they
dwelt in it, the old man saw in it something which
did not afford him profit, and he said unto his dis-
ciples, "Arise, let us go away from here."_ And when
they heard [this], they were greatly troubled, and they
answered and said unto him, "If thou hadst this thought
"to depart, why have we done all this work and built
"the cell? Moreover, men will be offended with us,
"and will say, 'They have left this place because they
"can abide nowhere.'" Now when the old man saw
that their souls were grieved, he said unto them, "If
"some men be offended at us there are others who
"will be edified by us, and they will say, 'These blessed
" 'men departed for God's sake, and they considered
1 Psalm CI. 5; CXXXI. i.
954 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
" 'nothing [else].' However, let him that wisheth to
"come with me come, for I shall certainly depart."
Then they threw themselves on the ground, and en-
treated him to let them go with him.
461. ABBA AGATHON also used to say, "The monk's
"cloak is a sign of the absence of wickedness;" and
he also said, "God asketh from those who begin the
"service of the works of the fear of God nothing ex-
"cept that they shall order their bodies by obedience to
"the commandments against the passions of the lusts."
462. ABBA AGATHON also said, "He who removeth
"from before his eyes accusation, and disgrace \or,
"insult], and loss [or, belittlement] is able to live."
463. A brother said unto ABBA AGATHON, "Father,
"I had the order to dwell in a certain place, and I
"have war there, and I want to depart; I would fulfil
"the command, but I am afraid of the war." The old
man said unto him, "If it were Agathon he would
"keep the command, and overcome the war."
464. The same old man also said, "If the inner
"man be watchful he will be able to guard the outer
"man also; but if he be not, let us guard the tongue
"by every means in our power."
465. The old man BENJAMIN was asked by a brother,
"Of what consisteth the life of a monk?" And he
answered and said, "A mouth of truth, a holy body,
"and a pure heart."
466. They used to say concerning a certain old
man that, on account of the great humility which he
possessed, God gave him the gift of becoming a seer
of visions, and he could see beforehand when any one
was coming to him, and it was revealed to him con-
cerning it; now the old man was sorry and did not
wish for this thing, and he made supplication unto God
that it might be taken away from him. And he went
to an old Rabba and entreated him, saying, "My
"brother, labour for me, so that this gift may be
"removed from me;" then each of them sat down in
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 955
his cell and made entreaty unto God concerning this
matter, and a voice was heard by that old man, say-
ing, "Behold, I remove the gift from thee, but when-
"soever thou wishest it is thine." And he went
straightway to the old Rabba and shewed him what
had been said unto him, and when he heard [it] he
gave thanks unto God.
467. The fathers once asked ABBA SYLVANUS, saying,
"What work of ascetic excellence hast thou performed
"that thou didst receive the wisdom which thou dost
"possess, and the gift with which is endowed thy face?"
And the old man answered and said unto them with
great humility, "[I received these things] because I
"never left in my heart a thought which could provoke
"God to wrath." And they used to say that the face
of the old man Sylvanus shone so brightly, even as
did the face of Moses, with the glorious splendour
which he had received from God, that no man was
able to look upon it with his eyes wide open.
468. ZENO, the disciple of ABBA SYLVANUS, said on
a certain occasion, "Dwell not in a place which is
"famous, and abide not with a man who hath a great
"name for ascetic excellence."
469. One of the brethren asked an old Rabba,
saying, "Abba, what shall I do? For whensoever I
"see the face of a woman the war of -fornication is
"stirred up against me." And the old man answered
and said, "My son, guard thine eyes against looking
"on a woman, and behold, henceforth thou wilt have
"no fear." The brother said unto him, "Behold, how
"very often doth a man meet women by chance, with-
"out expecting to do so!" The old man said unto
him, "As far as it is possible for thee to do so keep
"thy watch carefully, both within and without; and as
"concerning that which happeneth . by chance, and a
"man meeting women without thinking about it, [in
"that case] passion will have no power to bestir itself.
"But take good heed to thyself that such a thing doth
956 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
"not happen unto thee of thine own will, for it is this
"which the Holy Book condemneth, saying, 'Every
"'man who looketh upon a woman to lust after her
" 'hath already committed adultery with her in his heart.'
"For if when thou art not thinking about them thou
"meetest women, and the passion stirreth itself up
"against thee, lift up thy mind immediately to God,
"and He will help thee." Then wishing especially to
strengthen that brother, he answered and said unto
him, "Behold, my son, know thou that thou hast been
"with me for two years, and that I have not as yet
"seen what manner of face thou hast, whether it be
"good, or whether it be bad, and it was this [fact]
"which urged me to tell thee to guard thine eyes from
"the sight of women." And afterwards he made a
prayer over him, and sent him away to depart to the
coenobium, for that brother used to dwell in the church.
470. They used to say about one of the old men
that when the church was dismissed, he fled straightway
and departed to his cell, and [they said] that he had
a devil, but the holy man was [only] fulfilling the work
of God.
471. An old man used to say, "Without prayer
"thou shouldst do nothing, and afterwards^ thou wilt
"not be sorry."
472. A brother asked an old man, saying, "If I am
"in a clean place, and the time for service hath arrived
"am I to return?" The old man said unto him, "Who,
"when he remembereth riches, will return to poverty?"
473. The old man THEODOTUS used to say, "Con-
stant hunger maketh monks to be emaciated and
"driveth them mad."
474. ABBA DANIEL used to say, "Constant vigil
"especially drieth up and maketh the body to diminish."
475. ABBA AMMON asked ABBA SISOES, saying, "When
"I read in the Book my mind wisheth to arrange the
"words so that there may be an answer to [my] question."
The old man said unto him, "This is unnecessary,
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 957
"for only purity of heart [is required]." From this it
ariseth that a man should speak without overmuch
care.
476. ABBA THEONA used to say, "Because we have
"put ourselves out of the sight of God we are led
"captive by the passions of the body."
477. ABBA POEMEN used to say, "Temptations are
"a sure sign whereby a monk may be known."
478. ABBA AGATHON once fell sick, and another of
the old men with him, and as they both were lying
in the cell a brother read the Book of Genesis to them;
and when he came to the place where Jacob said unto
his sons, "Joseph is not, and Simeon is not, and ye
"would take Benjamin away that ye may bring down
"my grey hairs with sorrow to Sheol," the old man
answered and said, "Were not the ten other sons
"sufficient for thee, O JACOB?" And ABBA AGATHON
said, "Hold thy peace, old man, if God holdeth a man
"to be innocent, who shall condemn him?"
479. One of the fathers came to ABBA THEODORE
of PlRME, and said unto him, "O father, behold, brother
"So-and-so hath gone back to the world." And the
old man said unto him, "Dost thou marvel at this?
"Wonder not at this, but be surprised when thou
"nearest that a man hath been able to flee wholly from
"the world."
480. If a man thinketh filthy thoughts, doth he
himself become defiled? Some of the old men said,
"Yes, he is defiled," and others said, "He is not defiled,
"for if he doth it is impossible for simple folk like
"ourselves to live at all; but [the truth] is that a man
"must not carry his filthy thoughts into deeds."
481. A certain brother went to a strenuous and
tried old man, and asked him about this matter, and
the old man said unto him, "Every man is required
"[to do] according to his ability." Then a brother
entreated the old man, saying, "For our Lord's sake
"explain these words to me." The old man said unto
95 8 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
him, "Behold, supposing that some very desirable thing
"were placed here, and that two brethren came in, one
"being of great stature and the other of little stature.
"If now the mind of him that was of full strength were
"to say, 'I wish to possess that thing,' and he did not
"carry his soul's desire into effect, but straightway cut
"it short, the man would not be defiled; if then the
"man of lesser strength were to desire the thing, being
"incited thereto by his thoughts, and he took it not,
"he also would not be defiled. But, if he desiring it
"were to take it, he would be defiled."
482. The old men said, "If thou seest a young man
"going up to heaven of his own will, lay hold upon
"his leg, and sweep him away therefrom; for thus will
"a man help him."
483. The same old man used to say, "If thou criest
"unto God in prayer with a pure heart thy prayer
"shall not return unto thee fruitless."
484. The same old man used to say, "As two words
"cannot be uttered [at the same time] by one voice,
"and be recognized and understood, so is it with the
"mixed prayer which is uttered by a man before God."
485. He also said, "If thou seest the wings of ravens
"stretched out in flight, even so is the foolish prayer
"of the mind which is lifted up."
486. He also said, "If thou art earnest in asking
"God for things, but wilt not pay back as far as thou
"art able, thou must hear the words, 'Thou shalt ask
" 'and shalt not receive, because thou didst accept a loan
" 'and didst not pay it back.' "
487. He also said, "The words of the mouth of him
"that prayeth purely before God are a fetter wherewith
"he shall be able [to bind] the devils beneath his feet
"like a sparrow; and, as prisoners tremble before him
"that is their master, even so will they quake at the
"words of his prayer."
488. He also said, "As the rain when it falleth
"upon the earth taketh the place of a key in the lock
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 959
"thereof, and openeth [it] and bringeth forth to sight
"the growth of the seeds and roots which are in it,
"so are the soul and the mind of him that receiveth
"and tasteth the heavenly droppings, for by the words
"of his lips shall be made known unto man his hidden
"conduct before God, I mean to say, that when a man's
"request and entreaty about everything are made within
"the words of his pure prayer, he openeth the door of
"the treasury of the Trinity, Who is the Lord of
"treasures, and bringeth out therefrom the treasures
"which are hidden for those who are worthy of them."
489. Concerning ABBA ANTHONY they used to say :
There was a man with an unclean spirit which sought to
cast him into the water, and the monks who were with
ABBA ANTHONY came and entreated him to pray over
the man who was thus troubled, but he excused him-
self [from doing so]. And when the demoniac had
remained with him for a long time, he smote the blessed
man on his cheek, whereupon the old man made ready
the other cheek; and having done this that evil spirit
took to flight.
490. A brother asked ABBA MAToAts, saying, "What
"shall I do? for m.y tongue vexeth me. Whensoever
"I sit among the brethren I am unable to restrain my-
"self, but I condemn them in every good work and
"treat them with contempt. What shall 1 do then?."
The old man answered and said unto him, "If thou art
"not able to restrain thyself, get thee away, and stay
"by thyself, for this is a disease. Now he who sitteth
"among the brethren must not possess four corners,
"but he must be altogether round, so that he may move
"smoothly in respect of every man." And the old man
said unto him also, "I myself do not dwell alone as
"an example of spiritual excellence, but as an emblem
"of feebleness, for mighty men are those who are among
"the brethren."
491. When the brethren were talking to an old
man about the thoughts they said unto him, "Our
960 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
"hearts are hard, and we do not fear God; what are
"we to do so that we may come to fear God?" The
old man said unto them, "I think that if a man will
"lay hold in his heart upon that which rebuketh him,
"it will bring to him the fear of God." And they said
unto him, "What is the rebuke?" The old man said
unto him, "In every act a man should rebuke his soul,
"and say unto it, 'Remember that thou hast to go
"'forth to meet God.' And let him say also, 'What
'"do I seek with man?' I think that if a man remain
"in these things the fear of God will come to him."
492. ABBA TIMOTHY said unto a certain brother,
"How art thou?" The brother said unto -him, "I destroy
"my days, O father." And the old man said unto him,
"My son, my days also are destroyed, and I give
"thanks."
493. An old -man used to say, "The Shunammite
"woman received ELISHA because she had no human
"promise with man; and they spoke of the Shunammite
"woman [as] a person of the soul, and of ELIJAH [as]
"a person of the Spirit of God; when the soul maketh
"itself remote from commotion and trouble, the Spirit
"of God abideth on it, and then it is able to bring
"forth, though hitherto it hath been barren."
494. ABBA AMMON used to say, "I said unto ABBA
"PoEMEN, 'If I go to my neighbour's cell, or he cometh
"'to mine concerning any matter whatsoever, are we
" 'two to be ashamed to speak, lest some alien subject
"'of discourse appear between us?' The old man said
"unto him, 'Thou wilt do well, for youth hath need of
"'care and watchfulness.' And I said unto him, 'What
'"do the old men do?' And he said unto me, 'The
" 'old men have been skilled and have had experience,
"'and they have arrived at the measure for speech,
" 'for in them there is nothing alien which they can
"'speak with the mouth.' And I said unto him, 'And
"'supposing that I have the necessity to talk with a
" 'neighbour, wouldst thou that I should speak with the
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 961
"'words of the Scriptures, or with the words of the
'"old men?' And he said unto me, 'If thou art not
"'able to hold thy peace it is better for thee to use
" 'the speech of the old men rather than that of the
" 'Scriptures, for there is danger in a man employing
" 'the speech of the Scriptures."
495. ABBA DANIEL used to say that a man of busi-
ness once came to ABBA ARSENIUS, and brought him
the testament of a certain kinsman who had left him
a very large inheritance, and having received the deed
he wished to tear it to pieces. Then the man of busi-
ness fell down at his feet, and said, "I beseech thee,
"do not tear it up, for if thou dost I shall die." And
ABBA ARSENIUS said unto him, "I died before he did,
"though he hath only now died, but shall I live?" And
he sent the man of affairs away without having taken
anything.
496. A monk went to a nunnery to visit his sister,
for she was sick; now she was a woman who was
great with God, and a firm believer, and she never
allowed herself to see the face of a man, not even that
of her brother, lest through her he might go in among
the women. And she sent him a message, saying,
"Go, my brother, and pray for me, that Christ, by His
"grace, may make me worthy to see thee in that world
"of the kingdom of heaven."
497. A brother asked an old man, and said unto
him, "What is the best thing for me to do, so that I
"may do it and live thereby?" And the old man said
unto him, ''God [alone] knoweth which is best; but
"listen. One of the old men said that the mind which
"rebuked a man was his [best] adversary, for it resisted
"a man who sought to carry out his desires in the
"flesh, and to rebel against God, and not to be obedient
"unto Him, and it would also deliver a man over to
"his enemies."
498. An old man also said, "It is meet that the
"soul should be occupied in the service [of God] by
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962 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
"day and by night, even like Huldah, the prophetess,
"who used to sit in the house of the Lord with sup-
plication and ministration; and also like Hannah, who
"never ceased in her ministrations during a period of
"eighty years."
499. A brother asked an old man, saying, "What
"shall I do, father? For my belly vexeth me, and I
"am unable to restrain it, and therefore I am leading
"a life of luxury." The old man said unto him, "If
"thou dost not throw on it the fear of fasting thou
"wilt never be able to straighten the path. Place be-
"fore it the following parable. A certain man had an
"ass, and as he was sitting upon it and journeying
"along, the animal would not go straight, but went
"first to this side of the road and then to that; and
"he took a stick and smote it. And the ass said,
"'Beat me not, and henceforward I will go straight.'
"Now when he had gone a little further on, the man
"alighted from the ass, and placed the stick in [his]
"cloakbag which was on it, but the ass knew not that
"the stick was on his back. And when the ass saw
"that its master was not carrying the stick, he began
"to hold him in contempt, and he walked among
"the crops; thereupon his master ran after him, and
"took the stick, and beat him with it until he went
"straight. Now the belly of the body is even like unto
"the ass."
500. A brother said to THEODORE of PARME, "Speak
"a word to me, for behold, I am about to perish."
And with great labour the old man said unto him, "I
"stand in danger myself, and what have I to say to thee?"
501. ABBA KER!ON used to say, "I have performed
"more bodily labours than my son ZECHARIAH, but I
"have not reached his measure of humility and silence."
502. ABBA MACARIUS used to say, "Guard thyself
"against freedom of word and deed, for it is meet for
"a monk not to permit his thought to be his judge in
"anything whatsoever.
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 963
503. MOTHER SARAH used to say to her brethren,
"It is I who am a man, and ye who are women."
504. A brother asked ABBA POEMEN, "How can it
"be right for me to take good heed to my ways when
"I am sitting in my cell?" The old man said unto
him, "For a season I was a man who had fallen into
"the mire up to my shoulders, and a basket full of
"gall hung from my neck, and I was crying out to God,
" 'Have mercy upon me.' "
505. They used to say of the men who were in
the CELLS "that their rules were so strict that during
"the night they slept four hours, and assembled for ser-
"vice four hours, and worked for four hours; that during
"the day they worked with their hands until the ninth
"hour, and that after that they prepared the small
"quantity of food which they ate, and if any man had
"anything to do in his cell he then did it. In this way
"they filled up their day."
506. A brother asked ABBA SISOES, saying, "Why
"do not the passions depart from me?" The old man
said unto him, "Because their possessions are in thee;
"give them their pledge \pr, security], and they will
"depart."
507. On one occasion the fathers were summoned
by the Archbishop THEOPHILUS, and they went to Alex-
andria to him so that he might make ar prayer and
cleanse a house of idols ; and as they were eating with
him, flesh of a calf was set before them, and they ate
it in simplicity, doubting nothing. And the Archbishop
took a piece of meat and gave it to an old man who
was near him, saying, "Behold, this piece of meat is
"very good, father;" and they all answered and said unto
him, "Behold, up to the present we have been eating
"herbs, but if it be flesh, we do not eat flesh." And
not one of them ate anything more.
508. They used to tell a story of a brother who
was the neighbour of an old Rabbi, and say that he
would go into the cell of the old man, and steal what-
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964 QUESTION'S AND ANSWERS
soever he found there, and though the old man saw
him he never rebuked him, but worked with his hands
and wearied himself the more, saying, "Perhaps that
"brother is in need;" and the old man suffered much
tribulation at the thought, and ate his food in sadness.
And when the old man was about to die, the brethren
sat round about him, and when he saw in their midst
the brother who used to steal from him, he said unto
him, "My son, come near to me;" and when he had
drawn nigh to him, he kissed his hands, saying, "My
"brother, I am grateful to these hands, for through
"them I shall enter the kingdom of heaven." Now when
that brother heard these things he was sorry, and
he also repented, and he became a well tried monk
through the things which he had seen in that old man.
509. On one occasion when ABBA AGATHON was
travelling, and some young men were with him, one
of them found a small bag on the road, and he said
to him, "Father, dost thou wish me to take this little
"bag?" And the old man looked at him in wonder,
saying, "My son, didst thou place it there?" And the
young man said, "No." Then the old man said unto
him, "If thou didst not place it there, how canst thou
"desire to take it?"
510. ABBA JOSEPH, the priest of Ascalon, told us
the following story, saying: There was a certain mer-
chant in Ascalon who borrowed from other people
much money, and he hired a ship for himself and put
oat to sea; and a fierce storm rose up against him,
and he lost everything which he had with him; but
he himself was saved. And when he returned to the
city those to whom he owed money seized him, and
they took everything which he had in his house, and
sold it, and shut him up in prison; but they left him
his wife as an act of charity, so that she might beg
for him and feed him. And the woman went about
from door to door, and she herself begged for bread
for her husband; and one day as she was sitting
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 965
and eating bread with her husband, one of the chief
men of the city went in to give alms to the prisoners
who were there, and he saw the woman and lusted
for her, for she was beautiful. And he sent his servant
to call her, and she came thinking that he wished to
give her alms; but he took her aside, and said to her,
"Why hast thou come here?" And she related unto
him the whole matter. Then he said unto her, "If I
"pay one third of thy husband's debt wilt thou lie with
"me this night?" And that chaste, free woman said
unto him, "I have heard that the holy Apostle said,
" 'A woman hath no power over her body, but her
" 'husband.' I will first ask my husband, and whatso-
"ever he commandeth me that will I do." And having
come she told her husband, and he was grieved; and
he wept, and said unto her, "Go and say unto him,
" 'I have told my husband, and it hath not pleased
'"him; and I have hope in God that He will not for-
" 'sake us.' " Now there was in the prison-house a
certain thief who had been a highway robber, and he
was shut up [in a room] inside beyond them, and at
that moment he happened to be sitting at a window
which faced them, and he heard everything which they
were saying; and with tears he said unto himself,
"Woe is me! For although these people are in such
"great trouble, they are not willing to ."deliver over
"their freedom, and accept money, and go forth from
"this place, but they hold their chastity to be more
"valuable than riches. What then shall I, the wretched
"one, do? For the thought that there is a God hath
"never entered my mind, and I never remember hat
"my evil deeds will be judged, and I have committed
"many wickednesses, and many awful murders. And
"I know that when the judge cometh here he will kill
"me, without asking a question, as is just." And he
answered and said unto the woman and her husband,
"Because I have seen that ye preserve the purity of
"your bodies for Christ's sake, and that ye have chosen
966 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
"to remain in great tribulation and not to destroy your
"chastity, God hath put it into my heart to do unto
"you an act of grace which ye deserve, and perhaps
"God will shew me mercy through you on the day of
"judgment. Go ye to the northern side of the city
"wall, and dig there in a certain place, and behold, ye
"shall find there a large earthen pot, beneath which
"is a vessel full of gold. Take it, and pay your debt,
"and may a great blessing abide with you so that ye
"may live upon it; but I beseech you to pray for me
"continually, that I may find mercy before God in the
"day of judgment."
And after three days the judge came to the city,
and he ordered them to cut off the head of that thief
without [asking any] questions, and after he had been
slain, that noble woman said unto her husband, "Wilt
"thou command me to go and see if that which the
"thief said is true?" and he said unto her, "Go." And
she went at the time of evening, and by the indica-
tions which the thief had given her, she found the
place, and having dug a little, she found the money,
even as he had told her, and she took it and went
to her house, giving thanks unto God. And she brought
it out little by little, and she gave it to the creditors,
who thought that she brought it to them as the result
of her begging, a little from here, and a little from
there; then when she had paid her husband's debt, he
came forth from prison, thanking and glorifying God.
Then ABBA JOSEPH said unto us, "Behold these men,
"O my brethren! Because they chose to live in afflic-
tion, and refused to despise the command of God, God
"multiplied His grace unto them without delay. For
"even if the woman had hearkened unto that lascivious
"man he might not, perhaps, have given her what he
"promised her; but, because they preserved their chastity
"which is pleasing to God, God rewarded her with the
"whole amount of their debts, and brought them to a
"greater state of pro.s;ie r ity than [that which they en-
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 967
"joyed] at first. And, my beloved, I think thus con-
kerning ADAM when he was in Paradise. Had he
"kept that little command, honour greater than that
"which he had at first would have come to him; but when
"he transgressed the command of his Lord, he fell
"from and was driven out of the delight and pleasure
"wherein he lived. May our Lord make us worthy to
"keep his commandments! Amen."
511. On one occasion when ABBA JOHN and the
brethren who were with him were going up from Scete,
he who was guiding them lost the way, and the brethren
said unto ABBA JOHN, "What shall we do, father? For
"this brother hath lost the way, and peradventure we
"shall die in wandering about." ABBA JOHN said unto
them, "If ye tell him, he will be grieved and feel
"ashamed. But behold, I will feign to be sick, and
"will say that I am not able to go on any further;"
and the brethren said, "Father, thou hast well said."
And they acted thus, and decided that they would stay
where they were until the morning, rather than rebuke
the brother who was guiding them.
512. ABBA SERENOS [SERENUS] used to say, "I have
"passed the whole period of my life in cutting and
"twisting and sewing palm leaves, and in spite of it
"all, had not the hand of the Lord fed me I should
"not have had enough to eat."
DEMONSTRATIONS WHICH ARE SUITABLE TO THE LAZY MEN
AND SLUGGARDS, AND TO ALL THOSE WHO TAKE NO CARE
FOR THEIR SOUL.
513. Those who are in despair, and who have
delivered themselves over to the filthy work of their
abominable lusts, and who make loose their ways at
all times, and who love the lusts which harm them,
are like unto the sterile land, and the arid desert, and
a house laid waste, and a vineyard without grapes,
and an empty vessel, and a body without a [Page 726]
968 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
soul, and eyes without light, and a dead body without
a voice, and hands which are cut off, and knees which
are bowed, and a paralytic lying on a bed, and a
vessel filled with stinkingness. 1
514. AGAINST THOSE WHO LOVE VAIN GLORY, AND
THOSE WHO BOAST OF THEIR ALMS. Those who love
vain glory, and those who boast of their fair works
and life, are like unto a broken cistern, and a bag
with a hole in it, and a tree without fruit, and a naked
man, and a moth-eaten garment, and a worm-eaten
beam of wood, and unto other things which are con-
sumed by their [false] glory.
515. AGAINST HIM THAT is NOT CAREFUL \or, WATCH-
FUL] IN RESPECT OF HIS TONGUE. He who is not watchful
in respect of his tongue is like unto him whose house
door is open, and whose riches are plundered by every
man, and he is like unto an uncovered vessel [or,
unrolled garment], and like that which is unsealed.
516. AGAINST THOSE OVER WHOM EVIL THOUGHTS
HAVE DOMINION, AND IN WHOSE MIND WICKED COGITA-
TIONS RISE UP. Those who through their sluggishness
give a hand to the thoughts which make a mock of
them, and by their negligence help filthy devils to have
dominion over them, are like unto an abode which is
full of snakes, and a house which is full of evil-smelling
things, and a ship which is tossed by the waves, and
a poor piece of land which is full of briars and brambles,
and unto the thorns that choke it, the end of which
is burning.
517. AGAINST HIM WHO DOTH NOT SUPPRESS IN
HIMSELF WRATH AND ANGER, AND WHO KEEPETH HIS
HATRED AGAINST HIS BROTHER. He who doth not SUp-
press in himself wrath and anger, and who keepeth
his hatred against his neighbour, is like unto a savage
animal which cannot be tamed, and which goeth along
every road, and wandereth about in an erring manner,
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ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 969
and unto the man who burieth fire in chopped straw,
and like the man who putteth in his bosom the spawn
of serpents,- and like a den which is full of enraged
serpents, and like a cleft in the rock which is full of
reptiles which emit 1 venom, and a mad dog [Page 727]
that barketh at every man, and a wild boar that
gnasheth his teeth as soon as he seeth a man, and
like the evening wolf which goeth about with his mouth
wide open to destroy the simple lambs, and the panther
that leapeth upon the gazelle in the desert, and the
ship which saileth on the sea with an evil spirit for
her steersman, and the savage beast, which cannot be
subdued, and which walketh on every road and wandereth
about in error without discernment. These [words] are
[directed] to those who are not humble, so that they
may correct themselves and their savage habits, and
to those who are lifted up against their brethren in
their pride, and who do not wish to travel in the path
of the humility of Christ.
518. AGAINST THE CHANGE OF THE EVIL WILL OF
THOSE MEN WHO DENY THE GRACE WHICH IS PERFORMED
TOWARDS THEM. One of the teachers said, "If thou hast
"made thyself humble, they despise thee without dis-
"cernment. If thou hast made thyself angry, they hate
"thee without understanding. If thou hast made thy-
"self pleasant, they swallow thee, and thou-disappearest.
"If thou hast made thyself bitter [or, cruel], they reject
'thee, and thou art reviled. And if thou hast mingled
"with folk they hold thee to be a liar, fair- [spoken],
"and wandering. If they have fallen ill, they command
"thee, and if they are despised, they judge thee; if
"they be visited, they abuse thee; and if thou art
"whole, they leave thee; and if they are reclining, they
"drive thee away; and if aught be required from them,
"they curse thee, and if mercy be shown unto them,
"they oppress thee. Neither grace [or, goodness], nor
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9/O QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
"justice will ever please those who belong to every evil
"of every kind."
CHAPTER XVI.
QUESTIONS BY THE PUPILS AND THE ANSWERS [TO THE
SAME] BY THE HOLY FATHERS AND MONKS.
5i8 A . BROTHER. How is love [or, chanty] acquired
by men of understanding?
OLD MAN. True and pure love is the way of life,
and the haven of promises, [Page 728], and the treasure
of faith, and the interpreter of the kingdom, and the
herald of that which is hidden.
519. B. I do not know the power of the word.
O. M. If a man loveth not God he cannot believe
in Him, and His promises are not true [to him], and
he feareth not His judgment, and he followeth Him
not. Now because love is not in him [he cannot] be free
from iniquity, and await the life which is promised,
but he performeth at all times the plans of sin; and
this [happeneth] because the judgment of God is [too]
exalted in his sight. Therefore let us run after love,
wherewith the holy fathers have enriched themselves,
for it is able to pay back [what is due] to its nature
and its God. This then is praise.
520. B. How doth wisdom dwell in man?
O. M. Now when a man hath gone forth to follow
after God with a lowly mind, grace bestoweth itself
upon him, and his conduct becometh strengthened in
the spirit, and when he hateth the world he becometh
sensible of the new conduct of the new man, which
is more exalted than the impurity of the human abode;
and he meditateth in his mind the humility of the rule
of the life which is to come, and he becometh a
man of greater spiritual excellence.
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 971
521. B. How is love made known?
O. M. By the fulfilment of works, and by spiritual
care, and by the knowledge of faith.
522. B. What are the works?
O. M. The keeping of the commandments of the
Lord with the purity of the inner man, together with
the labour of the outer man.
523. B. Is he who is destitute of work also desti-
tute of love?
O. M. It is impossible that he who is of God should
not love, and it is impossible for him that loveth not
to work, and it is impossible to believe that he who
teacheth but worketh not is a true believer, for his
tongue is the enemy of his action, and though he
speaketh life he is in subjection unto death.
524. B. And is he who is in this state free from
retribution?
O. M. Such a man who speaketh the things of the
spirit, and performed! the things of the body, and
supplieth his own wants, is not deprived of reward,
but he is deprived of the crown [Page 729] of light,
because the guidance of the spirit refuseth to rule him.
525. What are fasting and prayer?
O. M. Fasting is the subjugation of the body, prayer
is converse with God, vigil is a war against Satan,
abstinence is the being weaned from meats, humility
is the state of the first man, kneeling is the inclining
of the body before the Judge, tears are the remem-
brance of sins, nakedness is our captivity which is
caused by the transgression of the command, and ser-
vice is constant supplication to and praise of God.
526. B. Are these able to redeem the soul?
O. M. When internal things agree with external,
and manifest humility appeareth in the hidden works
which are from within, verily, a man shall be redeemed
from the weight of the body.
527. B. And what is internal humility?
O. M. The humility of love, peace, friendship, purity,
972 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
restfulness, tranquillity, subjection, faith, remoteness from
envy, and a soul which is free from the heat of anger,
and is far from the grade of arrogance, and is redeemed
from the love of vain glory, and is full of patient en-
durance like the great deep, and whose motion is drawn
after the knowledge of the spirit, and before whose
eyes are depicted the fall of the body, and the
greatness of the marvel of the Resurrection, and the
demand for judgment which shall come after the re-
vivification, and its standing before the awful throne
of God. [If the soul hath these things] redemption
shall be unto it.
528. B. Is there any man who fasteth that shall
not be redeemed?
O. M. There is one [kind of] fasting which is from
habit, and another from desire, and another from com-
pulsion, and another from sight, and another from the
love of vain glory, and another from affliction, and
another from repentance, and another from spiritual
affection; for although each of these seems to be the
same as the other in the mind externally, yet in the
word of knowledge they are distinct. Now the way
in which each is performed by the body is the same,
and the way in which each is to be undertaken is
wholly the same by him that travelleth straightly on
the path of love, and who beareth his burden with
patient endurance spiritually, [Page 730] and who doth
not rejoice in his honour.
529. B. Who is the true [monk]?
O. M. He who maketh his word manifest in deeds,
and beareth his passion with patient endurance; with
such a man life is found, and the knowledge of the
spirit dwelleth in him.
530. B. Who is the pure habitation?
O. M. He who is destitute of the good things of
the body, and who rejoiceth in the love of his neigh-
bours in the love of God; for spiritual relaxation is
produced in proportion as need ruleth over the soul.
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 973
531. B. With what is a man able to overcome lust?
O. M. With spiritual remembrance. If the desire
for the delights which are to come doth not obliterate
that of the things which are here, a man cannot con-
quer; for if the ship of the merchant did not arrive
over and over again by means of hope, he could not
endure the storms, and he would go on his way of
tribulation.
532. B.. How doth a man go forth from the world?
O. M. By forsaking entirely the gratification of
desire, and by running to the utmost of his power in
the fulfilment of the commandments; for he who doth
not act in this way falleth.
533. B. Behold, through what have the men of old
triumphed ?
O. M. Through the fervour of their supernatural
love, and through the death of the corruptible man,
and through the contempt for pride, and through the
abatement of the belly, and through the fear of the
judgment, and through the promise of certainty; through
the desire for these glorious things the fathers have
acquired in the soul the spiritual body.
534. B. How can I conquer the passions which
trouble me when they are fixed in me by nature?
O. M. By thy death to this world ; for if thou dost
not bury thy soul in the grave of persistent endurance
the spiritual Adam can never be quickened in thee.
When a dying man hath departed from this temporary
life he hath no consciousness of this world, and all his
perceptions are at rest and are abated. Now, if thou
forsakest that which is of nature 1 naturally, and thou
dost not perform it voluntarily in thy person, thou art
dead; but if thy desire dieth in repentance, the whole
of [thy] nature ceaseth from this temporary life by the
death of the spirit just as do [Page 731] the motions
of the body at the natural end of time.
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Q74 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
535. B. To what extent is a man held capable of
revelation?
O. M. To the same extent as a man is capable of
stripping off sin, both internally and externally. For
when a man dieth by spiritual sacrifice, [he dieth] to
all the words and deeds of this habitation of time,
and when he hath committed his life to the life which
is after the revivification, Divine grace bestoweth itself
upon him, and he becometh capable of divine reve-
lations. For the impurity of the world is a dark
covering before the face of the soul, and it preventeth
it from discerning spiritual wisdom.
536. B. Is he who loveth money able to believe
the promises?
O. M. No. If he believeth, wherefore doth he
possess [riches]? Perhaps our hope is [set] upon gold,
or perhaps the hand of the Lord is too small to redeem
[us]? The body of our Lord is given unto us for [our]
happiness, and His blood is the drink of our redemption,
and He withholdeth from us the loaves of bread and
the apparel which groweth old. He who loveth money
is divided in his mind concerning God, and he pre-
pareth for himself pleasures before God giveth them
unto him; and though he rejoiceth in the promises in
[his] word, he maketh them to be a lie by his deed.
True indeed is the word of our Lord which He spake,
"It is as difficult for the rich man to enter the kingdom
"of heaven as it is for a camel to go through the hole
"of the needle;" it is impossible to possess in one
dwelling both God and mammon. Monks should,
then, not belong unto the things which are seen.
537. B. Who is indeed the man of excellence?
O. M. He who crieth out always that he is a
sinner, and asketh mercy from on high, whose word
is laden with the feeling of discernment, and his
senses with the watchfulness of deeds, and who, being
silent, yet speaketh, and who, though speaking, holdeth
ON THE ASCETIC LIFK. 975
his peace, and whose actions are wholly good fruits
for the life of time, and the revelation of Christ.
538. B. What is the way of life?
O. M. The going forth of a man from this world
on his entrance into another. But if a man forsaketh
his childhood of humility and cometh [Page 732] to the
old age of this world in his love, he revealeth the way
of life. To go forth truly from this world is to be remote
from it.
539. B. And what shall I do in respect of the world
which troubleth me?
O. M. This world troubleth thee because its care
is in thy mind, and the love of it is in thy body, and
its pleasures are in thy heart; forsake the world and it
will depart from thee, and root up from thyself all its
branches, and behold, the war thereof will die down
in thee. For as long as thy body seeketh its gratifi-
cations, and its lust is of this world, thou art not cap-
able of life.
540. B. What is pure prayer?
O. M. Pure prayer is little in speech and great in
deeds, for if it were not so work would be more ex-
cellent than supplication. . . . For if it be not so why
do we ask and yet not receive, seeing that the mercy
of God aboundeth? The method of penitents is, how-
ever, something different, as is also the labour of the
humble, for the penitents are hirelings, and the humble
are sons.
541. B. From what is the love of money produced?
O. M. From desire, for unless a man desireth he
doth not possess. When a man desireth he possesseth,
and when he possesseth he hath fulfilled his desire;
and when he hath fulfilled his desire, he becometh
greedy; and when he hath become greedy he com-
mitteth fraud, and when he hath committed fraud his
possessions have become many. When his possessions
are many his love diminisheth, and when his love hath
diminished the remembrance of God is removed from
976 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
his heart. And when the remembrance of God hath
been removed from his heart, the mind becometh
darkened, and his understanding is blinded; and when
his understanding hath become blinded the power of
discernment is darkened, and when the power of dis-
cernment hath become dark, the soul loseth its sight.
And when the soul hath lost its sight good is rooted
out therefrom, and wickedness entereth in, and sin
taketh up its rule; and when sin hath taken up its
rule the thought of God is blotted out, and the pas-
sions of the body are stirred up, and they seek to
satisfy their needs. And having taken that which they
sought for, it is necessary for much money to be col-
lected, and when money is multiplied, the gratification
of the body is fulfilled, and it eateth, and drinketh, and
committeth adultery and fornication, [Page 733] and it
lieth and worketh fraud and oppression, and it trans-
gresseth the covenant, and destroyeth the Law, and
treateth the promises with contempt, and the lust for
the things which are seen is fulfilled. Let money be
an abominable thing in our sight, and let us not love
it; but if we perform the lust of the flesh it is an
absolute necessity to love money; for money belongeth
to the flesh and not to the spirit, even as saith the
Apostle, "The flesh hurteth the spirit, and the spirit
"the flesh, and both are opponents, each of the other." 1
542. B. What is the kind of prayer which is not
acceptable before God?
O. M. The destruction of enemies, and asking
for evil things [to come upon] those who do harm
to us, and the health of the body, and a multitude of
possessions, and abundance of offspring prayers for
these things are not acceptable before God. But if
God beareth with us whilst we are sinners and commit
offences against Him, how much more is it right that
we should bear with each other? It is not right for
1 Galatians V. 17.
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 977
us to ask for the things which belong to the body,
for the wisdom of God provideth all things.
543. B. What is purity of soul?
O. M. Remoteness from anger and from the error
of the remembrance of evil things, and being weaned
from the bitter nature, and reconciliation with our
enemies, and peace which is beyond troubling, and
simplicity of love which is above this world; with these
things is the inner man cleansed, and he putteth on
Christ and is redeemed.
544. B. What is envy?
O. M. Hatred towards the virtues of other folk,
and wickedness towards the good, and a bitter mind
towards the innocent, and anger against those who are
prosperous in the world, and the cloaking of the upright
conduct of those who repent, and vexation with the
peace of the lovers of God.
545. B. How ought we to pray before God?
O. M. For the return of sinners, and the find-
ing of the lost, and the bringing near of those who
are afar off, and friendliness towards those who wrong
us, and love towards those who persecute us, and a
sorrowful care for those who provoke to wrath; if a
man doeth these things verily there is repentance in
his mind, and sinners will often live, and their soul[s]
be redeemed in life. [Page 734] For the prayer which
our Lord delivered unto us for the need of the body
is a word which covereth the whole community, and
was not uttered solely for those who are strangers to
the world, and who hold in contempt the pleasures of
the body. For he in whose dwelling the kingdom of
God and the righteousness thereof are found lacketh
nothing, even when he asketh [not].
546. B. What is remoteness from the world?
O. M. The thought [or, mind] which overcometh
the love of the body; for if the body be not trampled
upon by the feeling of patient endurance a man can-
not conquer in his strife.
qqq
9/8 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
547. B. Is the soul of a man, which is held fast
in the lust of the things which are seen, fair in the
sight of God?
O. M. Who is able to live chastely when the body
is making demands upon him? Or, in what soul is
found the love of our Lord which bestoweth itself
upon the things which are seen and which are cor-
ruptible? A servant cannot serve two masters, and
the soul cannot please God with spiritual excellence
so long as the memories of the things which are cor-
ruptible are in its mind, for the mind of the flesh
cannot please our Lord; and except the world die in
the heart humility cannot dwell therein, and except the
body be deprived qf its lusts, the soul cannot be cleansed
from thoughts.
548. B. Why is the mind disturbed at meeting
women?
O. M. Because they make use of the lust of nature.
For, when the sight hath fallen upon the construction
for the production of children and the gratification of
the body, that old poison layeth hold upon it, and the
law of the desire is confounded; now desire conquereth
nature, not by the stirring up of the passions, but by
the will, [and] by the fulfilling of works of humility,
which, by the might of our Lord, conquer everything
by their love, and by the patient endurance of the
merit of Christ.
549. B. Who is the mighty man, he who is re-
mote from the world, or he who dwelleth therein?
O. M. The mighty man conquereth in every place,
whether he be in the world or without. Nevertheless,
the fathers departed to the wilderness, the place which
is preserved from [Page 735] the uproar of those who
are afraid that as long as they dwell in the body the
passions which give trouble will cleave to them. Now,
for those who have ended the great strife of their
conflict in the world Divine grace hath worked with
its power, and it still worketh for the remembrance
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 979
and benefit of the community, and truly great is the
crown of those whose spiritual ship hath not sunk to
the bottom of the tossed and troubled sea of this world,
and hath not ceased its course heavenwards by the
straight road which is full of fear.
550. B. Is it helpful to the soul to make oneself
a stranger?
O. M. With perfect thanksgiving it doth help,
provided that the soul beareth chastely afflictions, and
rejoiceth in our Lord Who giveth pleasure; but if it
doth not, its good seed is made of no effect because
it doth not give fruit beloved of God, and if it en-
dureth and uttereth blessing it hath a reward, but if
it lack these things it becometh a mere wandering of
the mind, and a sight which is without profit. The
best thing of all is the quietness of the mind which is
akin to God.
551. B. Since all the creatures of God are holy,
why do the fathers make the sign of the blessed Cross
over the things which they eat?
O. M. It is true that all the creatures of God were
pure [when they came from] Him that created them,
but because sin gained dominion everything became
polluted; but the advent of our Lord came, and sin
was abrogated and righteousness had - its rule, and
everything was made holy, whether it^was in the
heavens or on the earth. But because the blessed
fathers knew the wiles of Satan, and that they would
certainly bring upon them that which would do them
harm by means of such things as are employed as
food, they signed what they ate with the holy sign of
the Great Cross so that they might slay all the crafti-
ness of the Calumniator.
552. One of the fathers said, "On one occasion I
"was lying down at night, and I thirsted for water to
"drink; now there was near me one of the holy men
"who lived in a holy manner, and he saw that I took
"up the vessel to drink without having made over it
qqq*
980 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
"the [sign of] the Cross. And he said unto me, 'Wait,
"'master, wait;' [Page 736] and he made the sign of
"the Cross over it, and straightway the Calumniator
"fell from the vessel in the form of a flash of fire;
"now both he and I saw it. And we wondered at the
"great might of our Redeemer, and at the marvellous
"symbol of His merit."
A variant [reads] : One of the fathers said, "I was
"lying down one night, and I thirsted for water to
"drink. And there was with me a certain widow who
"lived a chaste life, both when she was with her hus-
"band, and afterwards, and she said unto me, 'Wait,
' 'master, wait,' and she made the sign of the holy
"Cross over the vessel of water, and straightway there
"fell from it the Calumniator in the form of a flash of
"fire, and both she and I saw him. And we wondered
"at the might of the Redeemer, and at the marvellous
"symbol of His merit."
These things were indeed told to us by the blessed
mouth which is remote from falsehood; therefore it is
required of us necessarily to do this \i. <?., make the
sign of the Cross] for the protection of our life. Now
the Enemy used to wage war openly against that
widow who did these things, even as I have learned
from the chosen ones of our Lord, and one of the holy
men who heard [this] from her own mouth spake thus:
The blessed woman said as follows: One day I went
to the house of God, and Satan drew nigh, and said
unto me, "Why dost thou pray like a man, and say,
"Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the
"Holy Ghost?" And I said unto him, "How then shall
"I pray?" Then Satan said unto me, "Thou shouldst
"pray in this wise, and say, Glory be to thee, Mary,
"mother of Christ." Then I answered and said unto
him, "There is dust in thine eyes, Satan. Why should
"I forsake the Lord and worship a handmaiden?" And
he disappeared from me.
553. And the blessed man said unto me also:
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 981
The same old woman said in my presence: And again
I went to the church according to [my] custom, and I
entered in and prayed, and then the Enemy came and
made blind my eyes, and I could not see, [Page 737]
and I called one of the women, and she carried me
to my house. And after three days he departed from
before my eyes, and he began to go in front of me;
then I said unto him, "There is a thing which thou
"must do for me. Go thou to where thou didst first
"seize upon me," and we went to the church, I and
he. And I left him where he had seized me, and went
away a short distance, and turning round I looked for
him, and I saw him standing like a shadow; then I
went a little further, and I turned round again, and I
[still] saw him. And I shut the door of the church
and went out, and then I opened it again, and went
in, and I saw him [still] standing there, and he ceased
to practise his wiles upon me. Such were the great
things which happened to the blessed old woman.
For the monk must not boast himself over the man
who is in the world, for in it are mighty men; and if
such things as these are to be found in Eve, how much
more ought they to be found in the Adam which hath
been redeemed by [the second] Adam ?
554. One of the fathers said, "Whilst I was sleep-
ing one night, the Enemy came and smote me, and
"said unto me, 'Go to the world and work righteous-
"'ness; why dost thou shut thyself up like a beast in
"'a cave?' And knowing the wickedness of the Enemy
"who regarded me with an evil eye, I made the sign
"of the Cross, and he fled from me. Then, having
"waited a few days, he came and smote me on the
"neck in a bantering fashion, saying, 'Now that thou
"'hast become a righteous man, go to the world that
"'I may not destroy thee;' and when I prayed and
"made the sign of the Cross over my face, he departed
"from me. And after a short time he came again,
"and he took up his seat upon my neck, and then I
982 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
"bade my soul to be of good cheer and stood up, and
"made the sign of the Cross, the symbol of merit, be-
"fore him, and he disappeared again, for he was not
"able to stand before me." Now these things took
place and happened in this wise in very truth, and we
may therefore know and understand the conduct where-
in God rejoiceth, and there is, even as this [story
sheweth], no reason for fearing the devils and all the
evil spirits. Whosoever holdeth in contempt humility,
and penitence of the mind, and the subjugation of the
body, and remoteness from the care for the things
which are seen, [Page 738] falleth into the inclination
of the world, and despiseth the good riches of the fear
of God, and his hope for the inheritance of holy men
is cut off, and for the delights of heaven which neither
pass away nor are dissolved. May we, through the
grace and mercy of Christ, be held to be worthy of
these things! Amen.
CHAPTER XVII.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON THE VISION OF THE MIND.
555. A brother asked an old man, saying, In what
manner ought a monk to dwell in silent contemplation
in his cell? The old man said, He should have no
remembrance of man whatsoever whilst he is dwelling
in the cell.
556. B. What kind of labour should the heart
perform ?
O. M. The perfect labour of monks is for a man
to have his gaze directed towards God firmly and con-
tinually.
557. B. In what way should the mind persecute
abominable thoughts?
O. M. The mind is unable to do this of itself, and
it hath not the power [to do it], nevertheless when-
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 983
soever a thought [of evil] cometh against the soul, it
is required of it to flee immediately from the per-
formance thereof, and to take refuge in supplication [to
God], and that shall dissolve the thoughts, even as
wax [is dissolved] before the fire, for our God is a
consuming fire.
558. B. How did the fathers who dwelt in Scete
give 1 answers to their enemies?
O. M. That service also was great and excellent,
but there was labour therein, and not every man was
able to stand firm therein, and there was in it, more-
over, wandering of the understanding.
559. B. How?
O. M. When a thought hath come against the
soul, and the soul hath, with great difficulty, been able
to drive it out, another thought maketh ready to come,
and in this manner the soul is occupied [Page 739]
the whole day long in a war against the thoughts, and
it is unable to occupy itself with the sight 8 of God,
and [to enjoy it] continually.
560. B. With what intent, then, should the mind
flee towards God?
O. M. If the thought of fornication rush upon
thee, seize thy mind and carry it to God immediately,
and raise it upwards with strenuousness, and delay not,
for to delay is to be on the limit of being^brought low.
561. B. If a thought of vain glory rise up in my
mind, and it maketh me think that I can be free from
the evil passions, is it not necessary that I should
contend against it?
O. M. Whensoever thou contendest against it, it
will become exceedingly strong against thee, and will
act cruelly and sharply, and thou wilt not, as thou
imaginest, become strengthened by the Spirit of God; for
it is better able to contend against thee than thou art
1 Read v ...T.\Ny .
2 Read
984 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
able to contend against it, and thou wilt [not] find thyself,
apparently, sufficient of thyself to resist the passions
of the thoughts. For as it is with the man who hath
a spiritual father, that giveth to him his every desire,
and who is without any care whatsoever, and who
hath, therefore, no judgment with God, so also is it
with him that hath committed his soul to God, for it
is, henceforward, unnecessary for him in any way what-
soever to fall into care concerning the thoughts, or to
allow a thought to enter into his heart. But if it
should happen that a thought hath entered, lift it up
strenuously towards thy Father, and say, "I myself
"know nothing; behold, my Father knoweth." And whilst
thou art raising up thy mind, the thought itself will
leave it and take to flight halfway, for it cannot ascend
upwards with thee, and it dare not stand with thee
there. There is no service which is superior to this,
for it belongeth to confidence, and it hath no care in
all the Church.
562. B. How is it that the fathers who dwelt in
Scete made use of answers against their enemies, and
pleased God thereby?
O. M. Because they worked in simplicity and in
the fear of God, [Page 740] and because of this God
helped them, and afterwards the service of the vision
of God rose upon them, with His help, because of
their works of excellence, and because of the mercy
of God, and that old man who taught in this wise said,
"Once I went to Scete to visit an old man there who
"had become aged in ascetic labours. And having
"saluted each other we sat down in silence, and that
"old man made [me] no answer whatsoever. Then,
"whilst I was sitting down, my mind became occupied
"with a vision of God, and that old man continued to
"sit there and to make baskets of palm leaves, and
"he neither lifted up his gaze to me, nor did he tell
"me to eat, and for six whole days I ate nothing
"whatsoever. Now that old man was occupied with
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 985
"his work of basket making the whole day long, and
"when the evening came he soaked some palm leaves
"in water, and worked the whole night through. And
"on the following day, after the ninth hour, he answered
"and said unto me, 'Brother, when hast thou the power
"'[to perform this work of the spiritual vision?' And
"I answered and said unto him, 'Yea, father, and whence
'"hast thou the power 1 ] (to work thus)? We have ac-
"'customed ourselves to learn this from our youth/
"And that old man said unto me, 'I have never re-
"'ceived teaching of this kind from my fathers. But
" 'as thou seest me now, even so have I been all [my]
'"days. A little work, and a little meditation,- and a
"'little singing of the Psalms, and a little prayer; I have
" 'cleansed my thoughts according to my power, and I
" 'resist [as far as 1 can] the thoughts which rush upon
'"me. And in this manner, afterwards, there dawned 2
'"upon me the spirit of visions, as I learned this
" '[faculty], and I knew not that any man possessed this
"'gift.' Then I answered and said unto him, 'I have
"'learned this from my youth up.'"
563. B. How ought a man to see the order of the
divine vision?
O. M. The Scriptures have shewn [him how].
564. B. How?
O. M. Daniel saw Him as the Ancient of Days.
And EZEKIEL saw Him on the chariot of fhe CHERUB}M.
And ISAIAH saw Him upon a lofty and [Page 741]
glorious throne. And MOSES persisted in being with
Him Who cannot be seen, as if he saw Him.
565. B. And how can the mind see that which
cannot be seen?
O. M. A kins: cannot be seen, as far as his exact
... 11
image is concerned, when he is sitting on the throne.
1 Adding, .c& fioaoio ft^ r ?
iO X1 <o .>! ^J
2 Read ey^i? .
986 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
566. B. And is it right for a man to depict God
in this manner?
O. M. And which is the better for a man to depict
God in his mind in this manner, or to bow himself
down to many abominable thoughts?
567. B. Perad venture this is accounted as sin?
O. M. No. Only thou must hold according to what
the Scriptures have shewn [thee], and the fulfilment of
the matter will come of itself, even as the Apostle
said, "Now, as in a miracle, we see in parable, but
"then face to face," the meaning of which is as if a
man were to say, "When the mind hath been made
"perfect, then it will be able to see with ease and
"freedom."
568. B. And is there no confusion in the mind in
respect of this?
O. M. If a man performeth his strife in truth there
will be no confusion in the mind, "for," said the old
man, "I have passed a whole week of days without a
"remembrance of any human thing having entered my
"heart." And another old man said, "I was once jour-
"neying along the road, and behold, I saw two angels
"close to me, one on this side, and one on the other,
"and they walked along with me, and I did not look
"at them."
569. B. Why?
O. M. Because it is written, "Neither angels nor
"Powers shall be able to separate me from the love
"of God, which is in our Lord Jesus Christ." 1
570. B. Can the mind be occupied with, and stay
with the divine vision continually?
O. M. [Although the mind cannot be occupied with
and stay with the divine vision continually], still when
it is pressed by the thoughts it can fly to God, and
it shall not be deprived of the divine vision. But I
1 Romans VTII. 39.
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 987
say unto thee that if the mind be made perfect in this
respect, it shall be easier for thee to move mountains 1
than to bring it down* from above. For as the blind
man who is shut up in darkness, if his eyes be opened
and he go forth into the light, will be unwilling for
the darkness to overtake [Page 742] him again, so
the mind, having begun to see the light of its own
person, hateth the darkness, and is unwilling to re-
member it again. And one of the fathers also said,
"I wished to look upon my mind, saying, Perhaps if I
"allow my mind to do so it will go and wander about
"in the world; but when I set it free it stood still, and
"was silent, and did not know where to go. And again,
"I lifted it up on high, for it knew that if it departed
"and wandered about I had to admonish it; quietness
"and prayer make strong this class of service." And
the same old man said, "If a man prayeth continually
"it will bring correction to the mind immediately."
571. B. How is it possible for a man to pray con-
tinually? For the body becometh ill through constant
prayer.
572. O. M. The standing up of a man in his prayer
[once] is not said to be prayer, but [he must do so]
continually.
573. B. How is [prayer to be made] continually?
O. M. Whether thou art eating, or drinking, or
even travelling on the road, or if thou art doing
some piece of work, thou shalt not let prayer be re-
mote 3 from thy heart.
574. B. But suppose I be talking with some
one, how is it possible for me to fulfil the command,
"Be ye praying continually?"
1 The better reading is :S
* Read
3 Read
988 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
O. M. Now concerning this the Apostle spake, "In
"[all your] prayers, and in [all your] supplications, pray
"ye at all times in the spirit; and when it would be
"unseemly for thee to pray, because thou art speaking
"with another man, pray thou through supplication."
575. B. What manner of prayer is it necessary for
a man to pray?
O. M. The prayer in the Gospel which our Lord
taught His disciples.
576. B. What limit ought there to be to prayer?
O. M. No measure hath been laid down to prayer;
because He said, "Pray ye 1 at all times, and con-
tinually," He did not lay down any measure to prayer.
For if the monk only really prayeth when he standeth
up in prayer, he who is thus doth not pray with the
heart but [Page 743] with the mouth only. Now the
old man said, "It is necessary for the man who is thus
"to look upon all [men] in the same way, and he must
"be remote from all calumny for the love of Christ;
"to Whom be glory for ever! Amen."
577. In another manuscript I have found the follow-
ing: 2 A certain monk who was a foreigner, and was
chaste in his conduct, and who came from the city of
Antioch, from the monastery which is called Kasyan,
went once to pray in Jerusalem, and to see the holy
places wherein our Lord Jesus Christ went about, and
after he had lived there for a long time, and had
worked a way which was full of every excellence, he
wished to return to his country in peace. Now he
lacked food for the journey and the money which was
necessary for his wants, and he knew not what to do;
and when he had gone in to pray in the great temple
of the Resurrection of our Lord, he prayed, and sat
' Read
2 The following story is translated from Bedjan's edition,
p. 986.
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 989
down in sorrow, and he was troubled about his depar-
ture, and the lack of that which he needed. And
having sat down, he dropped into slumber, and slept,
and he saw in his dream our Lord Jesus Christ, Who
bade him be of good cheer, saying, "Arise, be not
"sorrowful, but go in to the steward of My house of the
"Resurrection, and say unto him, 'Jesus hath sent me
" 'unto thee so that thou mayest give me the one
" 'dinar of which I am in need, and when He coimth
" 'He will give it [back] to thee for me.' " Now when
the monk had awoke from his sleep, he arose, and
prayed first and believed the vision which had ap-
peared to him, and he rose up and went to the
steward [of the Church] of the Resurrection, as he
had been commanded to do, and he spake to the
steward, as he had been told in the vision. Then the
steward said unto him, "When will Jesus come and
"repay me?" And the monk said unto him, "I have
"told thee what I have heard from Him, and as for
"thee, thou must do what thou wishest." And the
steward said unto the monk, "Give me a paper in
"thine own handwriting for the dinar, and take [it] and
"go;" and the monk sat down and wrote thus: "I, John
"the monk, the stranger, from Antioch, a city of Syria,
"and from the holy monastery of Kawsyan hereby testify
"that I have received from the steward one dinar for
"food by the way, and I have, of mine own free will,
"set my handwriting thereto saying that when Jesus
"cometh He will pay him for me." And after the monk
had taken the dinar and departed, the steward saw
that same night in a vision of the night, that a man
of splendid appearance came and said unto him, "Take
"the dinar which thou gavest to that monk, and give
"me the written paper which he gave thee." And the
steward said in the vision, "My Lord, the monk said
"unto me, 'Jesus will come and repay me, and will take
"from thee the paper which I have written."' And the
man said to the steward, "I, even I, am Jesus; take thy
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
"dinar, and give Me the writing which the monk gave
"thee. Or, wouldst thou take anything more from him?"
Then the steward took the dinar from Him, and he
laid it in his hand, and gave Him the written paper,
and He tore it up.
Now when the steward awoke from his slumber he
found the dinar in his hand, but the written paper
had disappeared; and he marvelled, and wondered, and
praised God. Then he sent some of his people to
bring back the monk wheresoever he might be found,
and having gone they- found him praying, and they
said unto him, "Come with us; behold, the steward of
"the Church of the Resurrection seeketh thee." And
when the monk heard [this], he feared greatly, and said
in his heart, "Perad venture he wisheth to take back
"the dinar-" and he went with them being troubled
and sorrowful. Now the steward saw him, he said
unto him, "For the love of Christ I entreat thee to eat
"with me this day," and whilst they were eating, the
steward said unto him, "What hast thou done t with
"the dinar!" and the monk said, "Behold, it is still
"with me." The steward said unto him, "Mar Abba,
"take thou as many dinars as thou wishest, only give
"me the paper which thou didst write [saying] that
"Jesus would come and repay me." And the monk
said unto him, "My lord, forgive me, but I have re-
"ceived nothing else from thee, for that which I did
"take was sufficient for me." Then the steward related
unto him that which had appeared unto him, saying,
"The dinar hath been paid back to me, and the paper
"which thou didst write hath been taken by our Lord
"Jesus Christ from me;" and the steward entreated the
monk, saying, "Take from me, if thou wishest, ten
"pounds of gold, only write me [a paper, saying],
" 'Jesus will come and pay thee for me,' and do thou,
"my lord, depart in peace." And the monk said unto
him, "Master, verily I say unto thee, thou shalt not
"receive from me another jot, and I will not take any-
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 991
"thing else from thee." And all those who heard [this
story] praised God Who neglected not those who call
upon him in truth.
CHAPTER XVIII.
AN ADMONITION OF THE HOLY FATHERS. 1
577. Be thou an enemy unto all folly and sin.
Dejection driveth away the fear [Page 758] of God,
captivity [to sin] driveth away the virtues from the
soul. There are three excellences which illumine the
mind always; a man must not see the vices of his
neighbours, and he must do good unto those who do
evil to him, and he must bear with gladness all the
trials which come upon him. And these produce three
other excellences, namely, a man must not look upon
the vices of his brother, and this excellence produceth
love; and he must bear the trials which come upon
him, and this excellence produceth self-denial. There
are three excellences of which the mind hath need,
and a man should observe them always: He should
lean away from follies, and he should not be lax in
his service, and he should make strong his heart.
There are three excellences, the which if a man see them
with him he knoweth within himself that he is delivered
from devils, namely, knowledge whereby he will be
able to understand and to discern between thoughts,
and the sight of everything before it cometh to pass,
and the power of not becoming entangled with evil
thoughts of any kind. There are three things which
1 The Sayings on pp. 744-757 of the Syriac text are
merely selections from the Chapters which have been already
translated.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
"dinar, and give Me the writing which the monk gave
"thee. Or, wouldst thou take anything more from him?"
Then the steward took the dinar from Him, and he
laid it in his hand, and gave Him the written paper,
and He tore it up.
Now when the steward awoke from his slumber he
found the dinar in his hand, but the written paper
had disappeared; and he marvelled, and wondered, and
praised God. Then he sent some of his people to
bring back the monk wheresoever he might be found,
and having gone they- found him praying, and they
said unto him, "Come with us; behold, the steward of
"the Church of the Resurrection seeketh thee." And
when the monk heard [this], he feared greatly, and said
in his heart, "Perad venture he wisheth to take back
"the dinar-" and he went with them being troubled
and sorrowful. Now the steward saw him, he said
unto him, "For the love of Christ I entreat thee to eat
"with me this day," and whilst they were eating, the
steward said unto him, "What hast thou done L with
"the dinar!" and the monk said, "Behold, it is still
"with me." The steward said unto him, "Mar Abba,
"take thou as many dinars as thou wishest, only give
"me the paper which thou didst write [saying] that
"Jesus would come and repay me." And the monk
said unto him, "My lord, forgive me, but I have re-
"ceived nothing else from thee, for that which I did
"take was sufficient for me." Then the steward related
unto him that which had appeared unto him, saying,
"The dinar hath been paid back to me, and the paper
"which thou didst write hath been taken by our Lord
"Jesus Christ from me;" and the steward entreated the
monk, saying, "Take from me, if thou wishest, ten
"pounds of gold, only write me [a paper, saying],
" 'Jesus will come and pay thee for me,' and do thou,
"my lord, depart in peace." And the monk said unto
him, "Master, verily I say unto thee, thou shalt not
"receive from me another jot, and I will not take any-
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 991
"thing else from thee." And all those who heard [this
story] praised God Who neglected not those who call
upon him in truth.
CHAPTER XVIII.
AN ADMONITION OF THE HOLY FATHERS. T
577. Be thou an enemy unto all folly and sin.
Dejection driveth away the fear [Page 758] of God,
captivity [to sin] driveth away the virtues from the
soul. There are three excellences which illumine the
mind always; a man must not see the vices of his
neighbours, and he must do good unto those who do
evil to him, and he must bear with gladness all the
trials which come upon him. And these produce three
other excellences, namely, a man must not look upon
the vices of his brother, and this excellence produceth
love; and he must bear the trials which come upon
him, and this excellence produceth self-denial. There
are three excellences of which the mind hath need,
and a man should observe them always: He should
lean away from follies, and he should not be lax in
his service, and he should make strong his heart.
There are three excellences, the which if a man see them
with him he knoweth within himself that he is delivered
from devils, namely, knowledge whereby he will be
able to understand and to discern between thoughts,
and the sight of everything before it cometh to pass,
and the power of not becoming entangled with evil
thoughts of any kind. There are three things which
1 The Sayings on pp. 744-757 of the Syriac text are
merely selections from the Chapters which have been already
translated.
992 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
gain dominion over the soul until it arriveth at great
weakness, captivity [to sin], and dejection, and sickness,
and these contend against every man's soul, and from
them are produced evil thoughts, and when a man
buildeth up they overthrow. [what he hath built]. There
are three excellences which benefit and strengthen the
soul, mercy, the absence of lust, and longsuffering; and
besides these three excellences the mind hath need
to pray without ceasing continually, and a man must
fall down and cry out before God, and hate all evil
passions.
578. And he also said: The fear of God driveth
away all evil things, but dejection [or, lowness] driveth
away the fear of God from a man; the wandering of
the thoughts driveth away good works from the soul.
There are four things which are good: Silence, the
keeping of the commandments, humility, and tribula-
tions. There are four good things which protect the
soul: Love towards every man, absence of lust, long-
suffering, [Page 759], and a man severing from himself
wickedness. And the soul hath need of the four fol-
lowing virtues at all seasons: A man must pray with-
out ceasing, and he should pour himself out before
God continually, and he should declare his own defects
in his heart, and he should judge no man, and his own
mind should be tranquil. The four following things help
a young monk: Doctrine, the repetition of the Psalms
at every moment, and he should not be lax in obedi-
ence to fasting, and he should esteem himself to be of
no account whatsoever. Through four things the soul
is corrupted: For a man to walk about through the
city without guarding his eyes, for a man to have
anything to do with women, for a man to have friend-
ship with the rich men of the world, and for a man to
love empty talk. Of four things fornication is begotten,
namely, by eating and by drinking overmuch, by sleep-
ing overmuch and by idleness, by laughter and by silly
words, and by the arrangement of the apparel. By
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 993
four things the mind is darkened: by a man hating
his neighbour, by hating his brother, by crying out
evil things, and by uttering them. By four things is
the soul laid waste : by a man not keeping silent [or,
tranquil], by loving the works of the world, by traf-
ficking in material things, and by the evilness of the
eye. Through four things anger cometh: By a man
giving and taking [z. *., buying and selling] in the world,
by doing his own will, by loving to teach, and by
thinking in himself that he is a wise man. There are
three virtues which a man acquireth by weariness [or,
exhaustion]: by mourning always, by observing his
sins, and by having his death before his eyes every
day. He who taketh care to keep these virtues shall
be able to be saved by the mercy of God, and, to
speak briefly, these are necessary for the man who
seeketh to live: Faith, and hope, and love, [Page
760], and love of God, and obedience, and humility,
and patient endurance, and self-denial, and fasting, and
constant prayer, and vigil, and service, and going into
exile, and voluntary poverty, and absence of evil pas- '
sions, and the silence of discretion, and deprivation of
various meats. For if a man doth not believe, he can
neither hope nor love, nor have affection, nor be obedi-
ent; and if he be not obedient, he cannot either be
humble, or endure patiently; and if he cannot endure
patiently, he cannot practise self-denial, and if he cannot
practise self-denial, he cannot draw nigh to fasting. And
if he cannot fast, he cannot pray continually, and if he
hath no prayer, he cannot keep vigils ; and if he keepeth
not vigil, service will not be found in him, for he will
say and sing the service in a hurried manner. And
he who possesseth these things only in a little degree
cannot go into exile and become voluntarily poor, and
without the love of these things he cannot deprive
himself of meats; and a man cannot acquire the silence
of discretion when all these things are remote from
him. Let us, then, take care to perfect all these
994 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
things in ourselves with all our might, through the
help of God, to Whom be glory for ever and ever!
Amen.
AN EXHORTATION.
579. Now therefore I have written down for thee
all these things so that thy soul may not become slug-
gish, and so that thou mayest not become the cause of
[others] being like unto thee. And because of this I
counsel thee to take the yoke of pleasantness upon
thy neck, for it will help thee to sit by thyself in
silence, and to withdraw thyself from human intercourse,
and from cares about the things of this world which
will hinder thee. And make thyself as the dust in
[thy] humility towards every man, knowing [at the
same time] that there is hope [for thee]. And let not
weeping cease from thine eyes [Page 761], for there
is the occasion of tears. And make thy cell a hall of
judgment of thyself, and a place for striving against
devils and evil passions, and let there be depicted
therein the kingdom [of heaven], and Gehenna, and
death and life, and sinners and the righteous, and the
fire which never is quenched, and the glory of the
righteous, and the outer darkness, and the gnashing
of the teeth, and the light of the righteous, and their
joy in the Holy Spirit, and the Passion of our Lord,
and the memorial of His Resurrection, and the redemp-
tion of creation. And let thy habitation be free from
superfluous things, for one of two things will happen
unto thee; either through thinking of them thou wilt
suffer injury, or in withdrawing thyself from them thy
war will be added to and become fiercer. And take
heed lest, through [holding in] honour and sparing other
folk, thou bring thyself to evil case in the war;
whatsoever belongeth to lust and is of the eyes thou
shalt not possess, for the wars of thy passions are suf-
ficient for thee. Heal thou and make whole in thy
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 995
habitation those in whom God hath pleasure; it is He
Who knoweth thy sitting down, and thy coming in,
and thy going forth. And in all thy conduct be con-
stant in prayer, especially in the night seasons, for
[night] is the acceptable time for prayer, as it is writ-
ten, "Be thou like unto thy Lord, Who prayed to God
continually throughout the night until the rising up of
the Sun." When all voices are quiet do thou fill thy
mouth with praise, and thy tongue with glorifying, and
whilst others are lying like dead men on their biers
do thou depict in thyself the waking of the Resurrec-
tion. The night which is darkness unto other folk
shall be to thee 1 bright as the day, and instead of
filling thyself with wine as other men do, fill thou thy-
self with the love of God; and in the night season,
when silver and gold are stolen, do thou steal the
kingdom [of heaven] like a thief. In the night season,
when sinners perform their evil deeds to their own
injury, do thou labour for the benefit of thine own
soul, and take care, continually, of all excellences.
Then He Who is merciful in His gifts, and rich unto
every one who calleth upon Him, will come [Page 762]
unto thee quickly and will help thee, and thou shalt
smite the Evil One, and shalt bring to nought his
crafty acts. And thou shalt make thy mind to shine,
and the Lord of All shall place in thee the innocent
thoughts of uprightness, and He shall comfort thy mind;
then shall the rugged ground become smooth before
thee, and the difficult ground shall be as a plain, and
thy ship shall anchor in [its] haven. And thou shalt
lead beforehand the life which is to come, and thou
shalt fulfil the Will of God, according to His Will, both
in heaven and on earth; and thy knowledge shall grow
and thy joy increase in proportion to thy spiritual con-
duct ; and thou shalt be held to be worthy of the sight
Read .
ITT*
996 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
of the righteous by the grace and mercy of Christ our
Lord, to Whom, with His Father, and the Holy Ghost,
be glory now, and always, and for ever and ever!
Amen.
AN ADMONITION OF ABBA MAR JOHN.
580. Now thou wilt not be able to find a more
excellent way than this: He who would repent to Christ
of his sins and follies must fall upon his face many,
many times, [and be sorry for] the sins which he hath
committed, and he must make supplication and entreaty
to the mercy of God. Moreover, our other fathers
have incited [us] to kneel down, and he who conti-
nually kneeleth down and prayeth rejoiceth in God.
Woe is me, me the man of negligence! Now he who
sigheth, and weepeth, and sheddeth tears in prayer, pos-
sesseth all excellences together; for if we do not keep
watch on and remember always our feebleness, whilst
despising ourselves, and holding ourselves in contempt,
the devils will lead us astray. Wake thyself up, O
my beloved one, and keep in thy remembrance always
three moments, and forget them not; the first is the
moment of death, with its sorrow, and grief, and trouble,
which is immeasurable, that overtaketh every man,
when [a man shall stand] before [Page 763] the awful
throne of Christ; the second moment is the moment
of fear and quaking when men and angels shall rise
up, when a man doth not know what command shall
come forth concerning him, whether it shall be for
life everlasting or for torment everlasting; and the
third moment is that when the penalty [or, decree of
doom] shall come forth upon us, with its repentance
of soul which shall last for ever, and shall be with us
afterwards in the years which shall have no end. At
the [remembrance of] these three moments all men fear
and quake; may God in His compassion save us from
Gehenna and its endless torments! Amen.
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 997
I am an apostle, and I cast out devils, and I per-
form mighty deeds, but how am I to know that the
end of Judas may [not] be mine, and how am I to
know that I shall [not] inherit hanging, and be called
by our Lord "Satan," and "son of perdition"? If thou
seest, moreover, a man who is a murderer, and a thief,
and an adulterer, and a shedder of blood, thou mayest
think whence I shall know [this]; for if this murderer,
at the end, confesseth Christ, he will precede me in
the kingdom of heaven, and thou shalt think thus con-
cerning every man. If thou, O man of God, whither-
soever thou goest, thinkest these and such like things
continually, and if thy humility be in proportion to
the greatness of thy power, thou shalt never fall. But
if a man be neglectful, even for the twinkling of an
eye, of his humility, and if pride be mingled in his
negligence, he shall be cut off quickly from the height
of the love of God, and he shall fall, even as quickly
as a glass vessel full of water, which is suspended by
a thread of a spider's web, would fall if that thread
were to be severed. Now the conduct of humility is
thus. If at the beginning, or in the middle, or at the
end, or wheresoever it may be, a man first of all layeth
hold upon perfect humility, and upon complete contempt
of himself, the devils will be unable to approach him,
on the contrary, they will flee before him, like flies
before smoke, both they and their thoughfs [Page 764];
but if a man [doth not] acquire humility, either at the
beginning, or in the middle, or at the end of his career,
there is nothing which [can stand up] against the strife
and contest. As the holy man EVAGRIUS said, "After
"the vanquishing of [all] the other passions, there still
"remain two which will wage war against the perfect
"man until death, namely, vain glory and pride." And
JOHN, the seer of Thebai's, used to say, "He against
"whom the devil of vain glory still fighteth, wandereth
"without measure, and is divided [in his mind] to a
"boundless degree." The Teacher used to say, "Humi-
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
"lity possesseth two characteristics which are superior
"to the other excellences of the spirit, for it seeth to
"what degree it can abase itself to the lowest depth,
"and grace also exalteth humility to God, [and] to the
"height which is above; and because grace exalteth it
"continually towards God, it acquireth faith at all times,
"and strengtheneth confidence. And the second charac-
teristic of humility is that it feareth not that which
"opposeth it, that is to say, it feareth neither devils,
"nor wild animals, nor evil men, even as the holy man
"Evagrius said, 'The man who is proud and wrathful
" 'is a timid man, but the humble man is without fear.'
"And he said, 'Humility by itself vanquisheth both
" 'passions and devils, and the labours of the body, and
" 'the contests of the mind only serve to strengthen
" 'humility the more.' " Therefore there is never a
time when the monk hath not need of humility. Now
it is right for him that dwelleth in silence wishing to
arrive speedily at purity of heart, and to take care
of [his spiritual] splendour, to guard the three following
things: he must guard his hearing against listening
to any word which may strike him and may rouse him
up to anger; and he must guard his tongue, not only
against rebuking and chiding any man, even though
he be a man of no account whatsoever and a man
of ignorance, and he must not [attempt] to teach or to
admonish. But if a man ask him for a prayer, he
must esteem himself to be the servant of him that
asketh him, and he must kneel down [Page 765] before
the cross and say, "O Lord, provide for my brethren
"according to Thy Will, and according to Thy design,
"and according as it may be beneficial for them before
"Thee, and make me, a sinner, worthy of Thy mercy
"through my prayers;" let him pray after this example,
and it shall suffice. Do not think in thy mind, which
may lead thee astray, that thou wilt be able to acquire
even one spiritual excellence, no matter which it may
be, without afflictions and troubles, whether with or
ON THE ASCETIC LIFE. 999
without the desire; for no man who feedeth his body
daintily on lusts is able to enter through the door,
even as the camel cannot go through the narrow hole
of the needle.
Now the pleasures of the body come into being
because of unbelief, because the wretched body doth
not believe in those good things which are promised
unto the hungry, and in the woes which are prepared
for those who are filled with food and who live deli-
cately. Therefore he, who believeth in the promises
and threats, goeth hungry, and he denieth himself, and
he watcheth in prayer, and he humbleth himself, and
he layeth hold upon abstinence, and restraineth himself
from the gratification of his pleasures, and he inheriteth
the purity which is promised to those who are blessed.
But if he leadeth a life of sluggishness and pleasure,
from it he shall inherit the impurities and the punish-
ments which are prepared for him in Gehenna. Now
the desire of the Holy Spirit is thus: Remoteness
from the habitation of men, continual quiet, weeping
and sorrowful cries, joyful hymns, the singing of the
Psalms, and praises, fasting, and abstinence, and vigil,
poor apparel, a humble gait, the cloaking of the thoughts
of the passions, the hidden prayer of the mind; know
ye that such are the things in which those who are
in the desire of the spirit wish to walk, and they never
wish to perform the lusts of the flesh. And to speak
briefly unto you, O my brethren, fasting, and service,
and standing up, and vigil, and abstinence from meats,
are the constituent parts of a fair rule of life and
conduct, and those who perform them will receive a
reward from the true God if they perform them in
truth, and if there be no alien pretence in their ser-
vice. But hearken, O my brethren, for this is the
true work of the monastic life, the binding of the
understanding which is in God, [Page 766] and the
suppression of the alien thoughts which enter his heart;
and whosoever hath his heart [set] upon God acquireth
IOOO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON THE ASCETIC LIFE.
for his soul pleasure, and the life which is everlasting.
Amen and Amen.
HERE END THE HISTORIES AND THE NARRATIVES OF
THE TRIUMPHANT ACTS OF THE HOLY FATHERS AND
MONKS WHICH WERE COMPOSED BY THE HOLY AND EX-
CELLENT PALLADIUS, BISHOP OF THE CITY OF HELE-
NOPOLIS, AND WHICH HE WROTE TO LAUSUS, THE
PREFECT. To GOD BE GLORY, AND HONOUR, AND
ADORATION, AND WORSHIP, AND EXALTATION, FOR
EVER AND EVER! YEA AND AMEN.
APPENDIX. 1
QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN, AND ANSWERS OF THE
FATHERS, WHICH ARE EXCEEDINGLY FAIR AND BEAUTIFUL.
[Page 895]. i. The brethren said: There were
two brethren who were the sons of a merchant, and
their father died, and they divided their inheritance
between themselves, and unto each one there came
five thousand dinars. And one of the brethren divided
his inheritance among the churches, and the. monasteries,
and the poor, and he himself became a monk, and he
chose for himself a life of continual silence, and fasting,
and prayer; now the other brother built a monastery
for himself, and gathered brethren to him, and he took
care of the strangers, and the poor, and the sick, whom
he received and relieved. When the two brothers
were dead there was questioning among the brethren
about them, and they went to ABBA PAHBO and asked
him, "Which manner of life and conduct was the more
"excellent and exalted?" And having learned from
God, he said unto them, "They are both perfect, and
"in my sight they appear to be of equal merit." Ex-
plain to us now the old man's words, for how can the
man who is destitute, and the man who hath possessions
be equal [in merit]? The old man said, "Since the
"whole conduct of these brethren was to God, and
"since whatsoever they did they did it for God, with
"an upright aim, and since the aim of each was the
1 For the Syriac text see Bedjan's edition, p. 895 ff.
IO02 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
''same, they appeared to be in the old man's opinion
"of equal merit before God."
2. The brethren asked ABBA NEST!R, "What rule
"of life and conduct should a man follow?"
The old man said, "All rules of conduct are not
"alike. ABRAHAM was a lover of strangers, DAVID was
"a humble man, ELIJAH loved silence, and [Page 896]
"God accepted the work of all of them. Whatsoever
"work is of God, if thy soul desireth it, that do, and
"God be with thee."
3. The brethren said: ABBA PAMBO said, "If there
"be three monks in one place, and one of them live
"in silence [it is] well, and if another be sick and he
"give thanks in his weakness, and if another minister
"to men and relieve them, all three of them are in the
"same service." Reveal to us now the mind of this
holy man.
And ABBA PAMB6 said, "If a man dwell in silence
"for God's sake, and not for the sake of vain glory,
"or any other human thing; and if another, who is
"sick, give thanks to God for his sickness, and he
"endure him that ministereth unto him with longsuffer-
"ing, he becometh like unto him that is in silence;
"and if he who ministereth unto men doeth it not for
"a reward of this world, but for God's sake, and if he
"constraineth himself in everything, and doeth the will
"of those who are ministered unto by him in love and
"gladness, he thus becometh like unto him who shutteth
"himself up in silence, and like unto him that is sick,
"and in this way the work of all three is of equal
"merit. For ABBA JOSEPH and ABBA POEMEN divided
"the perfect ascetic life into three classes, and there-
fore ABBA NESTIR said to that brother, 'If thou con-
" 'duct thyself according to any one of the three thou
"'shalt be perfect.' And this is well known from that
"which ABBA ANTHONY said, 'Many have afflicted them-
" 'selves with labours and tribulations, and because they
" 'had not in them the [Page 897] power of discernment,
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHER?. 1OO}
'"they did not know the way of truth.' And again
"he said, 'One man might live in a cell for a hundred
'"years, and yet not know how to dwell therein
" '[rightly] for one day, because he humbleth not him-
" 'self, and accounteth not himself a sinner, and a feeble
'"man, and ignorant, but he justifieth himself, and
" 'blameth others ; nevertheless it is right that we
'"should know that, even though some are sick, and
"'others relieve the wants of men and minister unto
" 'them with an upright aim, those who lead a life of
" 'silence lead a superior life, and follow a line of con-
duct which is more excellent than all the rules of
" 'life which are followed among brethren. And this
" 'life is superior in the same way that the Spirit of
" 'God is more exalted than the holy angels, according
" 'to what we have learned from the history of the
" 'holy men ABBA ARSENIUS and ABBA MOSES the
'"Ethiopian. For when one of the brethren went to
" 'the blessed ARSENIUS [to enquire of him] concerning
"'the love of a silent life of contemplation, he neither
'"set a table for him nor gave him refreshment; then
'"he went to the blessed ABBA MOSES and he both
" 'welcomed him and gave him refreshment. And when
" 'one of the great fathers heard [this], he entreated
" 'our Lord to reveal to him this matter, saying, 'How
" ' 'is it that one fleeth for Thy Narrtejs sake, and
" ' 'another welcometh and giveth refreshment for Thy
" ' 'Name's sake ?' And there appeared unto him on
"'the river two ships, in one of which were ABBA
" 'ARSENIUS, and the Spirit of God Who was travelling
" 'along in silence, and in the other was ABBA MOSES,
" who was travelling with holy angels that were feeding
" 'him upon honey, with the comb thereof. And by
" 'this the fathers understood that the life of silent
'''contemplation [Page 898] was as greatly exalted
" 'above alms and ministrations as was the conduct of
"'Matthew the Evangelist above that of ZACCHAEUS
"'the taxgatherer.'"
IOO4 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
4. The brethren said: The brethren asked ABBA
PAMBO, saying, "Supposing that a man who liveth in
"the world hath a wife and children, and supposing
"that he giveth much alms, and setteth free slaves,
"and redeemeth those in captivity, and visiteth the
"sick, and relieveth those who are afflicted, and ful-
"filleth all the things which are proper for him [to
"fulfil], is not such a man equal in labour to one of
"the three classes of monks, that is, to the man that
"dwelleth in silence, or him that is sick, or him that
"ministereth unto the poor?"
And the old man said, "Not altogether.''
And the brethren said, "Wherefore?"
And the old man said, "Because, although the man
"who is in the world leadeth a life of righteousness,
"his whole conduct is outside the body, but all the
"labour of the monks is inside the body, that is, fast-
"ing, and prayer, and vigil, and hunger, and thirst,
"and the constraint of the will at every moment, and
"wars, both secret and manifest. And it is well known
"and manifest that the men, who are in the world and
"who are exceedingly excellent in their conduct, are
"not equal to the monks in their labours; for our Lord
"Jesus Christ surnamed the monks 'sons of light,' and
"those who are in the world 'sons of the world'. Now
"the monks with their members, and with their thoughts,
"and with their bodies, and with their conduct serve
"God perfectly with stern labours and afflictions, and
"they offer themselves up to God as a living, and
"rational, and holy sacrifice, with rational and spiritual
"service, and they are crucified unto the world, and
"the world is crucified unto them, according to the
"word of our Lord, Who said, 'Whosoever wisheth
v( '[Page 899] to come after Me, let him take up his
" 'cross, and follow Me,' that is to say, Let him not
"fulfil his own will, but let him do My Will only, and
"bear tribulations of all kinds. And monks shall leave
"father, and mother, and brothers, and sisters, and
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. IOO5
"kinsfolk, and country, and in return for these they
"shall receive a hundred fold, and shall inherit ever-
lasting life. And to the men who are in the world,
"He said, 'Acquire for yourselves friends of the mam-
" 'mon of unrighteousness, so that when it hath come
"'to an end they may receive you into their ever-
lasting habitations.' For as men who are in the
"world receive monks into their houses, so shall the
"monks receive those who have lived in the world
"into the kingdom of heaven; and by this our Lord
"shewed that all the good things of God and His
"kingdom belong to the monks who, from their youth
"even to their old age, have laboured to God in the
"excellent works of the ascetic and monastic life. But
"it is right that we should know to what degree the
"soul is superior to the body. The life which is led
"by the monks in silent contemplation, and the works
"thereof, are as much superior to the life which is led
"by righteous men in the world, as the life and con-
"duct of the angels are superior to those of men. And
"the life and conduct of the monks are superior to
"those of men who are in the world, because the latter
"please God because of their love for men, whilst the
"monks do so because of their love for God."
6. The brethren said, "Into how majriy orders have
"the fathers arranged the monastic life?" And the old
man said, "Into three orders."
7. The brethren said, "What are they?" And the
old man said, "The perfect, those who are half perfect,
"and the beginners."
8. The brethren said, "Whence canst thou prove
"to us that this is so?" [Page 900] The old man said,
"From the words of our Lord in the Gospel. For He
"said, 'The sower went forth to sow. And some [seeds]
" 'fell on the road side, and others fell on the rock, and
"'others among the thorns.' 1 Now these three [kinds
1 St. Matthew xm. 3 ff.
IOO6 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"of] seed are those who are in the world. And as
"concerning the other seed of which He spake, saying
"that it fell on good ground, and gave fruit, some
"thirty fold, and some sixty fold, and some a hundred
"fold, these are the grades of monks, for the seed
"which yielded fruit thirty fold is the beginners, and
"that which yielded sixty fold is the half-perfect, and
"that which yielded one hundred fold is the perfect."
9. The brethren said, "And supposing a man in
"the world conducteth himself in a wholly perfect man-
"ner, and according to what is right, is not his labour
"equal unto that of a beginner?" The old man said,
"No."
10. The brethren said, "Why [not]?" The old man
said, "Although the monk is little and is a beginner,
"he is still more excellent than the man in the world
"who keepeth every just [demand] of righteousness."
11. "Why did ABBA ANTHONY say unto PAULE, his
"disciple, 'Go and dwell in silence that thou mayest
"'receive the temptations of devils?" 1 The old man
said, "Because the perfection of the monk ariseth from
"spiritual conduct, and spiritual conduct is acquired by
"the conduct of the heart, and purity of heart ariseth
"from the conduct of the mind, and the conduct of the
"mind from prayer which is unceasing, and from strife
"with devils; but unceasing prayer, and the contendings
"with devils, both in the thoughts and in visions, have
"no opportunity for existence without silence and soli-
tariness."
12. [Page 901] The brethren said, "What is the
"meaning of that which PAPHNUTIUS and JAMES the LAME
"said to MAR EVAGRIUS, 'Every lapse which taketh
" 'place through the tongue, or through lust, or through
"'an action, or through the whole body, is in propor-
" 'tion to the measure of pride which a man possesseth ?'
"Now what is the lapse which cometh through lust?
"And what is the lapse which cometh through an action?
"And what is the lapse which cometh through the whole
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. IOO7
"body? Enlighten us about these [various] kinds of
"lapses." The old man said, "The lapse through lust
"is the fall which taketh place inwardly through pride,
"even as the blessed MACARIUS said, 'Thou shalt not
" 'be lifted up in thy heart and in thy mind through the
" 'knowledge of the Scriptures, lest thou fall into a
"'spirit of blasphemy in thy mind/ And the lapse
"through the tongue resembleth that into which one
"of the monks once fell through his pride, and he
"reviled the holy man EVAGRIUS and the fathers who
"were in the desert of Scete. And the lapse through
"an action resembleth that into which another monk
"fell when he became lascivious and abominable; and
"the lapse through the whole body resembleth that
"when, through his pride, one of the brethren was
"abandoned to the hands of thieves, and they burned
"him with fire."
13. The brethren said: PALLADIUS said, "Once the
"blessed man DIOCLES said, 'The mind which falleth
"'from God is either delivered over to the devil of
'"wrath, or to the devil of fornication.' And I said
"unto him, 'How is it possible for the human mind to
'"be with God [Page 902] uninterruptedly?' And he
"said, 'In whatsoever work of the fear of God the
" 'soul [is engaged], provided that the .soul hath due
" 'care, its mind is with God.' What is the meaning
"of the action of which the old man spake?"
The old man said, "He calleth [a man's] care con-
"cerning God's promises 'action of the fear of God,'
"wishing to say thus: If thou art unable to bind thy
"thought continually in various ways to God, though
"thou thinkest about His majesty, and His power, and
"His grace, and thou prayest to Him without ceasing
"and without wandering [in thy prayer, thy mind can-
"not be with Him]; but if thou reducest thine under-
standing by means of the constant labour of prayer
"and by the thought which is on God, and more par-
ticularly through the war with devils that [accompanieth]
IOO8 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"this work, bring down thy mind by degrees from the
"thought which is about God, and from prayer, and
"fetter it with the thought which is lower than this,
"and meditate on the promises of God, and think upon
"His commandments, and the correction of thyself. And
"set not free thy mind from spiritual care, and do not
"make it wander and think the thought of passibility,
"but fetter thy mind to some thought of excellence,
"which will make it gain profit. And when it hath
"rested somewhat, then raise it up on high, and make
"it to labour in the thought which is of God, and in
"pure prayer which hath no wandering therein. For
"as the growth of the capacity of those who are as yet
"in the grade of bodily prayer and the reading [of the
"Scriptures] still existeth, even when they are exhausted
"by standing up and by the singing of the Psalms, and
"they rest their bodies for a little by sitting down and
"by meditation upon the reading, and when they have
"rested their bodies, and their mind hath become en-
"lightened through the reading, they stand up for
"service and prayer, so also it is right [Page 903] for
"those who have arrived at a correct conduct of the
"mind, and who think continually about God, and who
"pray to Him without wandering, when they are ex-
hausted by this severe labour, to bring down their
"minds from time to time, and to relieve it by means
"of thought concerning some profitable subject which
"is less exalted than the thought about God. And
"this thought must take the place to them of reading,
"and they must meditate upon God's promises and
"commandments, and upon their straightness which is in
"God; and if some abominable thought knock [at the
"door of their minds] they must quickly make their
"minds to enter into prayer and into the thought which
"is upon God. And if there stir in their heart a
"thought of passion, as soon as they have refreshed
"themselves by means of thinking about some profit-
able subject, they must make their mind to enter into
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS.
"the height of prayer, and they must pray without
"ceasing, and meditate upon God. And from this we
"know that when the soul meditateth with undersanding
"upon some profitable subject, or upon some profitable
"action, its mind is with God, even as the blessed man
"DiocLES said. Similarly, whensoever a monk thinketh
"about the passions of sin, or about deeds connected
"with the world, his mind is with Satan."
14. The brethren said, "Why is it that the Divine
"Light did not shine in the hearts of all the monks
"until a long time after they had been cleansed by
"labours and contests? And why is it that the light
"of grace did shine upon some men before they went
"forth from the world and came to the ascetic life, as
"it did in the heart of ABRAHAM KINDONAYA through
"the Divine revelation on the day of his feast, and
"straightway [Page 904] he left his feast, and went
''forth from the world?" The old man said, "Whenso-
"ever this light riseth in its order in the hearts of men,
"according to what the fathers say, it cometh in this
"wise. First of all Divine Grace maketh a man hot
"with the love of God, and he hateth all the glories and
"honours of this world; and next he cometh in a state
"of poverty to this rule of life, and Divine Grace itself
"first giveth him the love of labours, and it maketh
"the things which are hard easy to "him. And it
"protecteth him from the fierce attacks of the war of
"devils, so that they may not, whensoever they wish
"and will, assault him, but only according to his strength,
"and his capacity, and as is convenient for his growth.
"And thus after many labours and contests, his heart is
"purified with abundant humility, and he shineth with
"the light of grace, and he is held to be worthy to
"see Christ in a revelation of light. And the fathers
"also said, that in proportion as the monk himself
"travelleth along the path of ascetic excellences to meet
"our Lord by means of labours and contests, so doth
"our Lord advance to meet him with light until they
IOIO QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"meet each other, and then the monk remaineth in
"our Lord by means of labours, and our Lord remaineth
"in him by means of his light, even as ABBA ISAIAH
"said in his interpretation of that which our Lord said,
" 'Remain in Me and I in you.' Thus thou seest, O
"my brother, that He wisheth us to remain in Him
"first of all by the labours of righteousness, and then
"He will remain Himself in us in purity and in light.
"And the words, 'The monk travelleth along the path
"'of ascetic excellences until he seeth Him and is illu-
" 'mined by Him,' explain the verse, 'My soul thirsteth
'"for Thee, the Living God,' et cetera.
[Page 905] 15. The brethren said, "Why is it that
"though the holy fathers incite us continually to the labours
"of excellence, and to the contending against passions
"and devils, ABBA ISIDORE restrained ABBA MOSES the
"Ethiopian from works, and from contests with devils,
"saying, 'Rest thee, MOSES, and quarrel not with the
"'devils, and seek not to make attacks upon them, for
'"there is a measure \i. e., moderation] in everything'?
"doth this apply also to works and to the labours of
"the ascetic life?"
The old man said, "Because at the beginning ABBA
"MoSES was ignorant of the rule of the ascetic life, and
"because he was healthy of body, he worked overmuch,
"and he thought that he would be able to prevail
"mightily against devils by the multitude of his works
"alone, and that he would be able to vanquish them.
"Therefore, because the devils perceived his object,
"they attacked him more severely with frequent wars,
"both secretly and openly, but ABBA ISIDORE, wishing
"to teach him the truth, and to make him to acquire
"humility, said unto him, 'Without the power of the
'"Spirit which our Lord gave us in baptism for the
"'fulfilling of His commandments, the which is con-
" 'firmed in us each day by the taking of His Body
'"and Blood, we cannot be purified from the passions,
" 'and we cannot vanquish devils, and we cannot per-
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. IOI I
"'form the works of spiritual excellence;' thereupon
"ABBA MOSES learned these things, and 'his thoughts
"were humbled, and he partook of the Holy Mysteries,
"and the devils were conquered, and they reduced their
"war against him, and from that time forward he lived
"in rest, and knowledge, and peace. [Page 906] Many
"monks have imagined that their passions would be
"healed, and that they would acquire soundness of soul
"merely by their labours and strenuousness, and there-
fore they were abandoned by grace, and fell from the
"truth. For as he who is sick in his body cannot b'e
"healed without the physician and medicines, however
"much he may watch and fast during the time he is
"taking the medicine, so he who is sick in his soul
"through the passions of sin, without Christ, the Phy-
sician of souls, and without the partaking of His Body
"and Blood, and the power which is hidden in His
"commandments, and the humility which is like unto
"His, cannot be healed of his passions, and cannot re-
"ceive a perfect cure. Therefore, whosoever fighteth
"against the passions and the devils by the command-
"ments of our Lord is healed of the sickness of the
"passions, and acquireth health of soul, and is delivered
"from the crafts of the devils."
16. The brethren said, "With what object did those
"two monks say to ABBA MACARIUS, 'IF"thou art not
"'able to become a monk like us, sit in thy cell, and
"'weep for thy sins, and thus thou shalt be like us?"
The old man said, "Because they knew that, if a man
"was able to be a solitary in his body, and a dweller
"in silent contemplation, and a worker both in his soul
"and in his body, who made himself humble and who
"wept each day for his sins, and who cut off from
"himself all memories of every kind of passion and
"anxious thought, and who meditated only upon God
"and upon his own correct behaviour, such a man
"was a monk (or, solitary) in very truth, even as the
"blessed EVAGRIUS said, 'The monk who is remote
IOI2 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
" '[Page 907] from the world is he who hath cut off
" 'from himself all the motions of his passions, and hath
"'fastened unto God all the mind of his soul.'"
17. The brethren said, "Why is it that certain of
"the Fathers were called MESHANNAYAN (i. e., men who
"transferred themselves from one place to another),
"since they were recluses, and never departed from
"their cells?" The old man said, "Because after much
"silent contemplation, and unceasing prayer, and watch-
ing of the mind, they were worthy to depart from
"the earth in their minds, and to ascend unto heaven
"to CHRIST THE KING. And they did not do this on
"occasions only, but continually, for whensoever they
"wished, or whensoever they sang the Psalms, or prayed,
"or meditated upon God, straightway their mind was
"exalted to heaven, and stood before our Lord. But
"there were other [kinds of] 'MESHANNAYANE,' that is
"to say, those who lived with wild beasts in the de-
"serts, such as ABBA BESSARION, and others who were
"like unto him."
18. The brethren said, "What is [the meaning] of
"the fact that when one of the monks saw a brother
"in the mountain, he fled from him, and was unable
"to bear the smell of the children of men?" The old
man said, "The monk fled because he saw that the
"brother was carrying silver. And when the brother
"saw that the monk fled, he cast off his garments and
"pursued him. And when the monk saw that he had
"cast off his garments, he waited for him, and wel-
"comed him gladly, saying, 'Since thou hast cast off
" 'the matter which is of this world I have waited for
" 'thee. I was not able to bear [the sight thereof]
" '[Page 908] because I myself am naked.' I looked
"beyond my rule of life and saw that he was carrying
"a burden upon his shoulder like a man who was in
"the world."
19. The brethren said, "Why did the monk not
"permit that brother who came to him to dwell in the
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. IOI3
"cave by his side, but did say unto him, 'Thou art not
"'able to bear up against the attack of devils?'" The
old man said, "Because he knew his manner of life
"and works, and also that he possessed not the labours
"and the strenuousness which were sufficient to make
"him strong to resist the fierce assault of the savage
"nature of the devils which make war against the
"monks. For according to the labour of every man,
"and according to his striving, and his rule of life and
"strenuousness, and according as he is able to bear,
"so much the greater are the ferocity, and the wicked-
"ness, and the bitterness, and the craftiness of the
"devils who make war against him. Similarly, when
"one of the brethren entreated ABBA APELLEN to allow
"him to live with him in the desert, he said unto him,
" 'Thou art not able to bear the temptation of the
" 'devils.' Finally, when the brother urged him [to let
"him do so], he commanded him to dwell in a cave
"by his side. And the devils came against him in the
"night and sought to strangle him, until ABBA APELLEN
"came, and surrounded the cave with the sign of the
"Cross, after which the brother was able to live in the
"cave. For not all monks are able to fight against
"the devils, but only such as are perfect and humble."
20. Why is it that the two Romans who went to
ABBA MACARIUS, did not, during the whole period of
three years which they lived [near him] come to him
and ask him, or any other aged man, [Page 909]
questions about the thoughts? The old man said,
"Because the elder brother was exceedingly wise, and
"perfect and humble. Had he gone to ABBA MACARIUS,
"or to one of the other old men, his perfection would
"have been revealed, and he would have [received]
"praise throughout Scete from the Fathers, who would
"have wondered, saying, 'How is it that a young man
"'hath become perfect in three years?' It is, however,
"not right for us to make ourselves like unto these
"two brethren, and to neglect the doctrine of the old
IOI4 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"men. As for the two brethren, the elder was perfect,
"and the younger was humble, and learned from him."
21. The brethren said, "The history of the triumphs
"of BESSARION saith that during all the days of his life
"he dwelt in waste places, and in the desert and in
"the mountains, and among the rocks. Once having
"come to a certain monastery, he stood up by the
"door like a wandering beggar, and then sat down
"weeping and crying out, even as one who had been
"rescued from a storm. And when the brethren en-
treated him to go in and rest with them, he said,
" 'Before I find the possessions of my house which I
" 'have lost I cannot endure being under a roof; for
" 'thieves fell upon me on the sea, and a storm reared
" 'itself up against me, and I have been robbed of the
" 'riches which I once possessed, and from being a man
" 'of high estate I am become of no account.' Now what
"were the riches which [he inherited] from his parents
"and lost? And what does this [story] mean? Who
"are [Page 910] parents? What does he refer to by
"the words 'sea, and storms, and waves?' Who were
"the thieves? Are these words spoken of himself or
"of the other persons?" The old man said, "These
"things are said of all the monks who are still striving
"and contending against passions and devils, and who
"are lacking at the present time purity of heart, and
"fruits of the spirit, and visions of our Lord, and they
"are not spoken of men who are perfect as he was.
"The word 'sea' he applieth to the sea of the mind
"whereon the monk saileth with works of spiritual
"excellence, wherefrom he entereth the haven of
"impassibility, even as the blessed MACARIUS saith,
" 'He who wisheth to cleave the t sea of the mind,
" 'maketh himself longsuffering.' And he calleth temp-
"tations 'storms,' and the passions 'waves', and the
" 'thieves' are devils, and his 'parents' are the Father,
"and the Son, and the Holy Ghost, One God, in
"Whose image and likeness we are made, even as our
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. IOI5
"Creator said, 'Come, let us make man in our image
" 'and likeness/ and also as our Lord said, 'Be ye like
" 'unto your Father, Who is in heaven.' And he calleth
"the spiritual excellences, which contain likenesses of
"the similitude of our Father, Who is in heaven, and
"which make us heirs of God, and sons of the in-
"heritance of Jesus Christ, by the name of 'riches and
"'possessions of his parents,' and these are faith, and
"hope, and the love of God and man, and joy, and
"rest, and peace, and graciousness, and pleasantness,
"and lowliness, and humility, and longsuffering, and
"patient endurance, and integrity, and simplicity, and
"purity, and mercy, and cleanness of heart, and the
"holy light of the mind, and pure prayer, and the
"divine light which riseth on the heart at the hour of
"prayer, [Page 911] and spiritual prayer, and Divine
"knowledge, and the visions and revelations of our
"Lord. These are the possessions of the soul, some
"of which it acquireth naturally, and some by Divine
"Grace; now those which it acquireth naturally are they
"which the Creator sowed in its nature at the begin-
"ning of its creation, and those which it acquireth by
"Divine Grace are they which are bestowed upon it
"by the baptism in Christ. And these possessions are
"lost to a man through pleasures, and honours, and
"lusts, and benefits, but they are found,, and acquired,
"and the soul waxeth rich in them, through tribulations,
"and revilings, and oppression, and hardships. Now
"although ABBA BESSARION, and men who were as per-
fect as he was, possessed these things, other men lack
"them and are strangers unto them. [And as regards
"the words] 'He once came to a certain monastery,
"'and sat down outside the door like a wandering
"'beggar,' [they mean that] he saw clearly with the
"secret eye of the mind that the greater number of
"the monks were destitute of this spiritual possession,
"and of the spiritual excellences and gifts which have
"been already mentioned. And being incited thereto
IOl6 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"by the law of affection and of brotherly love, he cried
"out and wept on their behalf, as if it had been on his
"own, and he made supplication to the loving-kindness
"of God that He would make them worthy of the
"riches of His love, and of the possession of His
"Grace."
22. The brethren said, "What were the nine spiritual
"excellences which that holy man possessed, and what
"did he lack?" The old man said, "[Page 912] Al-
though they are not written down I think that they
"were as follows: i. Voluntary poverty. 2. Abstinence.
"3. Constant evening fasting. 4. Vigil. 5. The recital
"of the whole of the Book of the Psalms seven times
"during the night and day. 6. The reading of the
"Holy Books between times. 7. Lowliness. 8. Humi-
lity. 9. Love of man. These are the nine spiritual
"excellences which he possessed, and by means of
"them he vanquished all passions. By poverty he over-
"came the love of money. By abstinence he con-
"quered unbridled appetite and gluttony. By fasting
"he overcame the passion of the love of the belly.
"By vigil he vanquished sleep. By the recital of the
"Psalms he did away idleness. By reading he kept
"away the converse of evil. By lowliness he dispelled
"wrath and anger. By humility he overcame vain
"glory and pride. By love of man he conquered
"hatred, and spite, and enmity. Now the spiritual ex-
"cellence which he lacked, and which is the tenth, was
"the constant fervour of the love of God, which is in
"our Lord Jesus Christ, and this can [only] be gathered
"together, and stablished and acquired by the secret
"prayer of the mind, which is unceasing and wandereth
"not, and by the strict and constant suppression of the
"thoughts of the passions, and the incitements of devils,
"when they first begin to bestir themselves in the
"heart. And because among all the works of ascetic
"excellence there is none more difficult [to do] than
"this, for, even as the blessed MACARIUS said, 'All the
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. IOi;
" 'fightings and fierce, and crafty, and evil temptations
" 'of the devils are set in array against it,' the holy
"man is not able easily to become perfect [Page 913]
"in the love of Christ, which is acquired by the con-
"centration of the mind and by deep thought about
"God. Therefore the blessed EVAGRIUS said, 'If thou
"'canst overcome the wandering of the thoughts, it
" 'is the end of all ends; and if thou canst make deep
" 'thought about God have dominion in thee, thou canst
" 'overcome all passions, and thou shalt be worthy of
"'the perfection of the love of Christ.' By the love
"of man and by the other virtues a monk may, by
"the help of God, vanquish all the passions; but by
"the love of Christ he shall conquer the evil passion
"of the love of the soul, which is the first of all the
"passions, and which embraceth them all, even as
"Saint EVAGRIUS said, 'The first of all the passions is
" 'the thought of the love of the soul, and after it come
" 'the following eight.' And again he said, 'Conquer
" 'the strife of the love of the soul which is in thy
" 'bosom, by that which is towards God.' For until
"the monk is worthy of this love, he is unable to ac-
"quire exact consolation from the remainder of the
"labours of the other spiritual excellences, even though
"it be that he obtaineth assistance from them, as ABBA
"ISAIAH said, 'Although the children of LEAH were a
" 'help to JACOB, yet he loved JOSEPH most of all, and
"'when JOSEPH was born, he wished to leave LABAN
" 'and to go to his parents/ that is to say, When a
"monk hath become worthy, and hath acquired the
"perfect love of Christ, which is stablished by silent
"contemplation, and the power to pray without ceasing,
"and his soul is at all times rejoicing and exulting with
"gladness, he will not be content to remain in this
"life; but each and every day he will be desiring
"eagerly and longing to depart [Page 914] from the
"body, and to be with our Lord in Paradise, which
"is the habitation of the spirits of just men who have
IOl8 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"become perfect, and the holy country which is exalted
"above the passions, and devils, and the striving of
"those who cultivate the virtues until the revelation
"of our Lord Jesus, Who loveth to make perfect a
"man with the never-ending happiness of His love in a
"glorious kingdom."
23. The brethren said, "Explain to us the course
"of life and labour of the old man [who made] baskets,
"[and dropped] small stones into them." The old man
said, "The course of life of that old man was one
"which was of the mind, and it was stern, and ex-
"cellent, and it swiftly brought the monk unto purity
"of heart. And as concerning that which he said, 'I
" 'set two baskets, one on my right hand and one on
" 'my left, &c.' it doth not [mean] that he sat the whole
"day with his baskets round him, but that his two
"baskets were set in two places. And he himself was
"occupied with service and prayer, and with his toil,
"and for every thought, good or bad, which entered
"his mind he cast a pebble [into the baskets], that is
"to say, the labour is very severe for the man for a
"certain time at thq beginning, because the devils are
"envious at the purity of heart which is acquired by
"him, and therefore they afflicted this old man also for
"a long time with the multitude of evil thoughts which
"were stirring in him, even as he said, 'Many days I
" 'have eaten nothing, because the good thoughts did
'"not outnumber the bad ones.' Now he used to
"[Page 915] afflict his body with the labour of much
"fasting, so that he might do away the evil thoughts,
"because it is not the soul only which feeleth the
"labours of the body, its counterpart through its union
"with it, but also those devils which wage war against
"the soul, and they feel the labours of the body more
"than doth the soul. For immediately the devils see
"the monk afflicting his body with labours, they become
"afraid, and stagger about, because they are more tor-
"mented by the labours than is the man who is
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1OIQ
"engaged in them. Therefore the blessed EVAGRIUS,
"when the demon of fornication assailed him, stripped
"off his tunic and stood the whole night long, in the
"season of winter, under the open sky, and by these
"means he made the demon to suffer pain, and he fled
"from him. And again, when the demon of blasphemy
"attacked him, he stood naked under the open sky, in
"the season of winter, for forty days. And because
"the thought of gluttony stirred in the heart of ABBA
"ZENO, and made him to eat a cucumber by stealth, he
"crucified his soul in the sun, during the season of
"summer, for five days. In this wise the holy men
"were afflicting themselves with labours and tribulations,
"and when the devils were stirring up in them the
"thoughts of sin, the demons were afflicted and tor-
tured far more than they thereby. Now the demons
"were afflicted and tormented by the labours of the
"patient endurance of the monks not only in their
"minds but in their persons, through the operation of
"the holy angels, and by the command of God, even
"as, on one occasion, one of the devils was tortured
"the whole night in the cell of those two brethren who
"were brothers naturally, [Page 916] when he wished
"to separate them from each other. For when the
"younger brother lighted a lamp the devil threw down
"the candlestick, and extinguished the Hght, whereupon
"the [elder] brother smote him [on] the cheek; and
"the other brother expressed his contrition, and said,
" 'My brother, have patience, and I will light the lamp
"'[again].' And when God saw the patient endurance
"and humility of the young man, He commanded his
"angel, and he fettered the devil the whole night long
"in their cell; and the devil was tormented therein
"until the morning because of that [blow on] the cheek
"which he made the one brother to suffer from the
"other through his wicked agency; and that wicked
"devil was fettered and tortured the whole night long.
"And the devils are tortured not only when we afflict
IO2O QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"our bodies with labours, in order that we may not
"consent to the will of devils, but also when they stir
"up in us evil thoughts; if we constrain ourselves a
"little, and cast them from us, at the same time calling
"our Lord to our assistance, straightway the holy
"angels which cleave unto us will constrain the demons,
"and will drive them away from us, and we shall
"be full of light, and of fervour, and of gladness.
"Even as one of the demons said to ABBA PACHOMIUS,
" 'A certain monk, against whom I wage war, is very
"'strenuous, and whensoever I draw nigh unto him to
" 'sow evil thoughts in him, he betaketh himself to
" 'prayer, and I, though burning with fire, have to
"'depart from his presence blazing (?), even like iron
"'which hath been thoroughly well [heated] in the fire.'
"Now monks are, at the beginning [of their career]
"afflicted [Page 917] for a long time, not only by the
"stirring up of the evil thoughts themselves, but also
"by their tarrying in the heart; but after a known 1
"time, a man receiveth strength from our Lord, through
"their tarrying, and also after a known 1 time their
"motion is restrained, and then the monk also hath
"rest from strivings, and he is held to be worthy of
"purity of heart. For at the beginning of the strivings
"the devils stir up evil thoughts in the heart mightily;
"sometimes, however, these are destroyed through
"prayer at the very beginning of their movement, and
"sometimes they remain. And afterwards the mind
"becometh strong against them, and doth not permit
"them to tarry altogether in the heart, but it is as
"yet unable to restrain their violent movement, and
"the tribulation [which they cause], even as one of the
"old men said, 'I carried on a strife for twenty years
" 'in order that an evil thought might not enter my
" 'heart, and until the ninth hour I used to see Satan
" 'with his bow drawn to shoot an arrow into my
1 /. e., a considerable time.
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. IO2I
" 'heart. And when he found no opportunity of doing
" 'this, he would become dejected and go away ashamed
" 'each day.' Now the old man [of whom we first
"spake] held fast to his rule in respect of the baskets,
"and though he was afflicted for a long time by the
"motion of evil thoughts, and sometimes even by
"their tarrying in his heart, finally he received power
"over their tarrying only, for their rising up remained
"for a considerable time. And having laboured in
"striving for twenty years against the [Page 918] motion
"of the thoughts, finally he became strong [enough to
"resist them], and he overcame them. And the devils
"fled from him, and he arrived at a state of purity,
"and at the haven of impassibility, and he was held to
"be worthy of revelations."
24. The brethren said, "If the holy men themselves
"afflict themselves with labours of tribulation because
"of the tarrying of the evil thoughts which bestir them-
"selves in them, and if they sin against God though
"not consenting to them, why should we toil against
"the motion of the devils? For behold, even as the
"blessed EVAGRIUS said, 'Whether they fight against
" 'us or not, the matter is not in our hands.' " The
old man said, "The perfection of the monks ariseth
"from a spiritual rule of life, and a spiritual rule of
"life cometh from purity of heart, and'-purity of heart
"from divine vision; 'Blessed are those who are pure
"'in heart, for they shall see God.' When, therefore,
"a monk laboureth, and afflicteth himself because of
"the motion of evil thoughts, in order to prevent their
"remaining for a long time in his heart, and when
"after a considerable time his heart becometh pure,
"there remaineth disgust only therein, and it vexeth
"the mind of the monk, and preventeth his ascent to
"God, and cutteth off his journeying to Him, and doth
"not allow him to enjoy the vision of glory. Now
1 Literally, "is not of us."
IO22 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"when a monk worketh for a considerable time because
"of the motion of evil thoughts [in him], God hath
"compassion upon his trouble, and not only doth
"his heart become cleansed, and his soul pure from
"every thought of evil, but he is also held to be
"worthy of the sight of our Lord in a revelation of
"light, and henceforth, the devils never again dare
"[Page 919] to stir up evil thoughts in the heart of
"him that hath been esteemed worthy of this great
"thing. And should it happen that they dare so to
"do, they suffer pain and burn even as he suffereth
"who is hot, and who kicketh away with his feet the
"piercing goads of iron which glow with heat in the
"fire. During the interval between the beginning of
"the strife 'against evil thoughts and [the attainment
"of] purity of heart, the devils sometimes vex the
"monk, and sometimes are vexed by him, even as the
"blessed EVAGRIUS said, 'If those who go down to the
"'conflict afflict [others], they are themselves afflicted;'
"so the devils afflict us, and they are also afflicted by
"us. They afflict us when we receive their evil
"thoughts, and they are afflicted by us when we, by
"means of prayer and wrath, hide (i. e., suppress) their
"thoughts. When, then, we labour and afflict ourselves
"for a considerable time in order that their thoughts
"may not tarry in us, we also afflict ourselves with
"labours and prayer so that they may not vex and
"hinder us by [their] violent motion, and afterwards
"power is given unto us by our Lord to lift ourselves
"up upon the necks of our enemies, and thenceforward
"our heart resteth and is at peace, not only from the
"perception of their thoughts, but from all the violence
"of their motion. And the peace and rest of God
"rule over our souls, and we see that there remaineth
"only the war which is manifest of the visions of
"devils until the time of death merely to terrify us,
"so that we may not be exalted [unduly] and destroy
"ourselves. And should it happen that the devils stir
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1 023
"up thoughts in the heart of him that hath been made
"perfect, straightway they become extinguished, even
"as fire is extinguished when water falleth thereon."
[Page 920].
25. The brethren said, "Why do the devils fear
"the labours of the monks, even as the Fathers say,
" 'If thou wishest the devils to be afraid of thee, des-
" 'pise lusts?" The old man said, "They are afraid
"because of three things. i. FIRST. Because our
"Lord treated with contempt three kinds of passions,
"wherein are included and contained all the various
"classes of passions, and these are they: the love of
"the belly, the love of money, and vain glory. By
"means of these the Calumniator fought against our
"Redeemer, and through His constancy in the wilder-
"ness, and silent contemplation, and fasting, and prayer,
"He overcame Satan; therefore all the monks who
"travel in His footsteps, and who by means of fasting,
"and prayer, and silent contemplation, hide away all
"the thoughts of sin, and who perform their labours
"in righteousness, our Lord maketh to conquer by
"His strength, and He vanquisheth the devils who are
"their enemies. And as the demons fear and tremble,
"not only by reason of the Crucifixion of Christ,
"but even at the sign of the Cross, wheresoever it be
"made apparent, whether it be depicted upon a gar-
"ment, or whether it be made in the air, so also do
"the devils fear and tremble, not only by reason of the
"labours of our Lord and His constancy in the wilder-
"ness, but also at the existence of the monks in the
"wilderness, and at their silent contemplation, and their
"fasting, and their prayers, and their patient persistence
"in the performance of difficult labours, which take
"place for Christ's sake. Therefore on one occasion
"ABBA MACARIUS said unto PALLADIUS, 'Speak to the
"'devils which war against thee with disgust, and
'"sluggishness, and despair: if I had no labours of
" 'spiritual excellence, nevertheless for the sake of Christ
IO24 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"'I would guard these walls, [Page 921] and His Name
"'would be sufficient for the redemption of my life.'
"2. SECONDLY. The war and contest which the devils
"[wage] against the monks possess both rule and
"system, and they are neither irregular nor unsyste-
"matic. And as when the devils stir up the monks
"by means of evil thoughts of sin, and the monks
"accept them, and consent to them, and let themselves
"be incited to commit sin thereby, straightway their
"souls become dark, and remote from God, and sorely
"afflicted, and ashamed, and guilty, and weak and
"miserable, so when their souls accept not these thoughts,
"and they do not consent to them, and do not allow
"themselves to be incited to sin thereby, but drive
"them away and cast them out as soon as ever they
"begin to have motion [in them], and call upon our
"Lord to help them, straightway all the former things
"which come against the monks, inasmuch as they do
"not acquiesce in their incitings, are hurled upon the
"demons with greatly intensified force, and they become
"ashamed, and tremble, and are destroyed, even as
"the blessed MARK said, 'As he who breaketh into a
" 'house which is not his own taketh to flight with fear
" 'and trembling as soon as he heareth the voice of
"'the master of the house, so also doth Satan,' &c.
"3. THIRDLY. Because without labours and humility we
"who are rational beings are unable to please God,
"and because without them neither men nor angels
"can enjoy His love and His blessings, therefore also
"the demons and devils, which live wholly in a state
"of pride and laxity, [cannot enjoy them]."
26. The brethren said, "Why is it that although
"the Fathers gave the admonition, [Page 922] 'When-
" 'soever a demon appeareth unto a man in any form
" 'whatsoever, let that man make the sign of the Cross,
" 'and pray, and that similitude will disappear/ we see
"that on several occasions the devils still remain, and
"not in appearance only, but also in terrors, which
AND ANSWERS OF THK FATHERS. 1025
"remain for a long time, and in many cases in blows
"and stripes?" The old man said, "The holy Fathers
"gave the admonition because it would apply in the
"majority of cases. For since our Redeemer was cru-
cified for us, and since He exposed to disgrace the
"Rulers and Dominions, which are evil demons, and
"put them to shame openly by His Person, even as it
"is written, from that time onwards, whensoever they
"have made themselves visible to the adorers of Christ
"in divers form [to do them] harm, as soon as a man
"hath made mention of the Name of Christ, and hath
"signed himself with the sign of the Cross, the devils
"have fled straightway, and their forms have disappeared.
"And this happeneth not only in the case of holy men,
"and perfect men, but also in respect of ordinary men
"who possess shortcomings."
27. The brothers said, "Why was the blessed
"MARTiYANA, after all the great ascetic practices which
"he had acquired, and the gifts of the spirit which he
"had received, and after he had burned his fingers for
"the sake of the harlot, still afraid of the war of for-
mication, and why, having gone and dwelt in the island
"in the sea for thirty years, did he not stay [for] a
"season with that woman whom he had brought up from
"the sea, but cast himself in the sea being afraid of
"the contest?" The [Page 923] old man-said, "Because
"the whole strength of the demon of fornication was
o
"discharged upon him, and he was, therefore, properly
"afraid. For those who have not with them this war
"[Page 924] in all its fierceness imagine that they have
"overcome it, but let them not boast themselves, and
"let them know the truth, that is to say, they have
"not vanquished the demon of fornication, and it is only
"that he hath not waged war against them with all
"his strength, because he hath not been permitted so
"to do, and he hath not been permitted to do so be-
"cause of their feebleness and laxity. For the war of
"fornication which cometh upon a man only attacketh
ttt
1026 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"him in the degree which he is able to bear. For,
"behold, the great and famous Fathers who endured
"this war in all its severity for a long time were always
"in a state of fear and trepidation, as was also ABBA
"ARSENius, who was a man eighty years old; and when
"the noble lady came to him and said, 'Remember me
" 'in thy prayers,' he did not hesitate to say, 'I will
"'pray to God that He may blot the remembrance of
" 'thee out of my heart.' And by means of this which
"he spake, he put to shame the demon of fornication,
"and shewed how great was the hatred for this unclean
"passion that warreth against the holy men which he
"possessed."
[The story of MARTINYANA and the harlot is as fol-
lows: There was a certain monk who dwelt in the
desert, and whose name was MART! NYANA, and he laboured
in great works, and God wrought by his hands many
mighty deeds, and he was applauded by all men. Now
when Satan, the Evil One, saw that he was greatly
applauded, he became bitterly angry, and he wished
to distract and to withdraw him from his rule of life
and ascetic labours. One day Satan saw that many
folk were glorifying him, and he went and dwelt in a
certain harlot, and he sent her to the blessed man in
order to make him fall. So the harlot took her attire,
and placed it in a bag, and went to the holy man,
and when she arrived at his abode it was evening;
and she knocked at the door and said, "O SAINT
"MARTINYANA, open the door to me, so that the wild
"beasts may not eat me." Now the holy man thought
that she was a phantom, and he rose up and prayed,
and since meanwhile she ceased not to cry out, he
rose up from his prayer, and opened the door to her,
and said to her, "Whence comest thou to me, O devil?"
And she said, "[My] companions have forsaken me on
"the road, and I wandered about in the desert, and
"have arrived hither;" and he left her [there], and
went into the inner cell, and shut the door thereof
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS.
between himself and her. And after the old man had
laid down to sleep, the harlot arrayed herself in her
attire, and put on her ornaments, and then sat down;
and when the morning had come, the old man went
forth from his cell, and seeing her dressed he said to
her, "Whence art thou? What is thy business?" And
she said, "I am the daughter of people of high degree,
"and my parents are dead, and they have left me
"great wealth. I heard that thou wast a great man,
"and I have come to thee, and I beg thee to come to
"my house, and take me to wife, and we will live on
"thy excellence." Then the old man said unto her,
"How can I forsake my labour and my rule of life,
"and take thee to wife, and fall from my covenant?"
And she said unto him, "What sin is there in it? Did
"not Adam and all the Fathers take wives, and Noah,
"and Abraham, from whose seed Christ hath risen?"
Now by repeating these and such like things, she well
nigh succeeded in leading the holy man away captive,
and he said unto her, "O woman, tarry a little so that
"I may see, lest perad venture some one may come
"and see us." And having gone up to the roof to
look, he woke up in his mind, and he made a flame
of fire and stood up in it, and stayed in the fire until
he burnt his toes; and when the harlot saw this, she
fell down at his feet and wept, sayingr"! have sinned
"against God and thee," and she revealed unto him
the whole truth, [saying], "I repent." And the holy
man sent her to a nunnery, and he remained in his
cell until his feet were healed of the burning of the
fire. And after he was healed of his sickness, he rose
up and went and dwelt in an island in the sea, where
there were neither women nor men.]
28. The brethren said, "What is the meaning of
"that which one of the old men said, 'If thou seest the
" wings of ravens flying about thou wilt also see the
" 'prayer of him that is oppressed in mind being exalted?" 1
The old man said, "As the ravens which are called
ttt*
IO28 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"jaji do not in the course of their flight mount upwards
"to the height of heaven like the eagle, but fly close
"to the surface of the ground and wheel about [seek-
"ing] for their [Page 925] unclean food, so is the mind
"of the man who is not fervent in the love of God,
"and who is continually in a state of sluggishness and
"dejection, for when he standeth up for service or for
"prayer, his thought will not be exalted to the height
"of the love of Christ, but his mind will wander after
"evil passions."
29. The brethren said, "An old man said, 'If thou
" 'seest a young man who, in his desire, ascendeth unto
" 'heaven, take hold of his foot and sweep him hence,
'"for in this way thou wilt help him;' what is the
"meaning of the words, 'who in his desire ascendeth
"'unto heaven?" 1 The old man said, "This resembleth
"that which ISAIAH spake, 'If the mind seeketh to ascend
" 'to the Cross before the feelings cease from feebleness,
" 'the wrath of God shall come upon him because he
" 'hath begun to do something which is beyond his
" 'capacity, without having first of all cured his feelings.'
"Now certain of the beginners in the ascetic life are
"so silly and bold as to dare to undertake things which
"are far above their capacity and their strength; they
"do not wish to learn, and they will not be persuaded
"by the commands of their Fathers, but, without having
"lived the proper period of time in the ccenobium, they
"dare to enter the cell, even as it is written concerning
"one of the brethren in the Book of Paradise, for im-
"mediately he had received the garb of the monk, he
"went and shut himself up as a solitary recluse, saying,
"'I am a monk of the desert;' and the Fathers went
"and brought him out into the monastery [again].
"There are others, too, who seek to shut themselves up
"for a week at a time, and [Page 926] it in no wise
"helpeth them; and there are others, the children of
"this world, who at the beginning of their careers
"imitate the exalted rule of life of the Fathers, and
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1029
"who imagine that they can imitate the rule of the
"mind, that is to say, of the spirit, when as yet they
"have not fulfilled the rule of the body. Therefore
"their lives and works are not open to the Fathers,
"and they will [not] receive correction, but they live
"according to their own desire, and they are delivered
"over into the hands of the devils who make a mock
"of them."
30. The brethren said, "One of the brethren asked
ABBA POEMEN, saying, 'My body is feeble, and I cannot
"'lead an ascetic life.' ABBA POEMEN said unto him,
"'Canst thou lead the ascetic life in thy thought, and
"'not permit it to go with deceit to thy neighbour?'
"Tell us how the feeble man was able to lead the
"ascetic life in his thoughts." The old man said,
"This question belongeth closely, both in order and
"meaning, to that which a certain brother asked ABBA
"PoEMEN, saying, 'My body is feeble, but my thoughts
" 'are not.' Now in the former case he spake having
"regard to those who were afraid that through pains
"and sickness they would become negligent of the
"labours of spiritual excellence, and, in a different
"manner, that they might fall into pains and sickness
"by way of punishment; in the latter case he spake
"having regard to those who had toiled for a very
"long time in the labours of self-denial, and who had
"finally become enfeebled, either through old age, or
"through pains and sicknesses, and who were ceasing
"from ascetic labours. Now this is what ABBA POEMEN
"[meant] when he said, 'If thou art not now able, by
"'reason of thy weakness, to [Page 927] toil in the
" 'labours of the body as thou didst formerly, toil in
" 'the labours of the soul, that is to say, the ruling of
"'the thoughts, which is the ruling of the mind; if thou
"'art unable to fast from meats, fast from evil thoughts;
"'and if thou art no longer able, through the weak-
" 'ness of the body, to stand up and to recite as many
"'Psalms as formerly, make thy mind to stand up be-
IO3O QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"'fore our Lord, and pray before Him vigilantly with
" 'the prayer which is secret and pure, and be tranquil,
"'and humble, and pleasant, and good, and forgiving,
"'and merciful; and endure thy sickness and weakness
"'with praise, and make no man to be sorry by thy
" 'tongue ; and judge not. and blame not, and condemn
" 'not thy brother in thy heart. Now these excellences
" 'may be cultivated in the soul with the labours of the
'"mind and not those of the body, and they are not
'"impeded by the weakness of the body.'"
31. The brethren said, "Why is it that the monks
"are obliged to go round about begging for the meat
"and raiment of which they have need, like those who
"are in the world, although our Lord promised them,
"saying, 'Seek ye first the kingdom of God and its
'"righteousness, and that of which ye have need shall
"'be given to you?'" 1 The old man said, "This [say-
"ing] is a proof of the wisdom and grace of God
"towards those who are in the world, for, in the majority
"of cases, the righteousness of the children of this world
"consisteth of alms and compassion; but the children
"of light are righteous men and monks who, in their
"persons, and in their members, and in their thoughts,
"serve our Lord. And God hath made the monks to
"have need of the children of this world because of
"His love, so that they may care each for the other,
"and may pray each for the other, that is [Page 928]
"to say, the children of the world must care for the
"monks, and the monks must pray in love for them.
"And as the children of the world make the monks
"associates with them in the corporeal things of the
"world, the monks must make the children of the world
"to be associates with them in the things of heaven,
"for our Lord spake to the children of the world,
"saying, 'Make ye to yourselves friends of this mam-
"mon of iniquity, so that when they have become
1 St. Matthew VI. 33.
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS.
1031
'"perfect they may receive you into their tabernacles
'"which are for ever.' 1 "
32. The brethren said, "What is the difference
"between [the words], 'I will dwell in you,' and 'I will walk
"'in you,' which God spake concerning the righteous?
"And what is the meaning of 'dwelling,' and 'walking?'"
The old man said, "God dwelleth in the saints through
"the constant remembrance with which they remember
"Him, as they marvel at Him, and His works; but He
"walketh in them by means of His visions and re-
"velations [which He sendeth] upon them as they
"marvel at His majesty, and rejoice continually in His
"love."
33. The brethren said, "With how many, and with
"what names is the meditation upon God called?" The
old man said, "Its names are six, and they are as fol-
lows: i. Hope in God. 2. The state of being bound
"to our Lord. 3. Continuance with God. 4. Persist-
"ence in all the good works of God. 5. Holding fast
"to God. 6. Dependence upon God. Hope in God
"[meaneth], fix ye your gaze upon Him, and hope in
"Him, that is to say, meditate ye upon Him. Being
"tied to our Lord [meaneth] that we should be bound
"to our Lord, and should fast and pray, until the old
"man cometh to an end, both without and within.
"[Page 929]. Continuance with God_Js the state of
"being gratified through Him. Persistence [meaneth]
"that we should possess persistence in the Lord in all
"the good works of God. Holding fast to God
"[meaneth], 'Cut off from thyself all cares which are
'"not of Him, and let thy mind fasten its gaze upon
"'God only.' Dependence upon God [meaneth] 'Hang
" 'thyself upon God/ to Whom be glory (or, praise)!
"Amen."
34. The brethren said, "An old man was asked a
"question by one of the brethren, who spake thus:
1 St. Luke xvi. 9.
1032 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"'If I am in a state of admiration of God, and in purity
"'of soul, and the time of prayer arriveth, ought I to
'"come to prayer or not?' And the old man said,
'"What man who possesseth riches will make himself
"'poor?' Explain to us the meaning of the words of the
"holy man." The old man said, "The holy man calleth
"'admiration of God and purity [of soul]' that to which
"the blessed MARK gave the name 'meditation upon
" 'God' and 'atmosphere of freedom.' There are some
"brethren whose hearts become pure after labours and
"great strivings, and they become worthy of pure
"prayer, and their hearts also become illumined from
"time to time by the light of Divine Grace, and they
"attain to the meditation which is on God, and to the
"spiritual understandings which are superior to custom.
"The Fathers would not permit the men who attained
"to this capacity, when they were standing in the purity
"of soul of this nature, and in the atmosphere which
"was free from trouble, and when the beater struck
"the board, and the season for prayer arrived, to leave
"this enjoyable meditation, and to stand up and sing
"the Psalms, but they [allowed] them to remain therein
"[Page 930] until it had come to an end. For a man
"to sing the Psalms and to perform the service could
"always be found, but such meditation and such purity
"of the understanding, and the atmosphere of freedom
"could not at all times be acquired, and a man is neither
"able nor hath the power to attain to this state when-
"soever he pleaseth, for it is a gift from heaven which
"is given by our Lord from time to time to him that
"is worthy thereof. For this reason one of the Fathers
"gave the following commandment: If a man enjoyeth
"such meditation whilst he be standing up at the ser-
"vice, let him not interrupt it until it cometh to an
"end, for such meditation filleth the place of the service
"of the Psalms. See then that thou drivest not away
"from thee the gift of God, and let thy subservience
"(or, submission) to the same stand firm; but it is right
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS.
"to know that certain brethren have not as yet at-
tained to meditation of this kind. They have thought
"that these words were spoken for every man and
"for men of every kind of capacity, and although their
"minds have been illumined somewhat by the Psalms
"and prayers, they have relaxed the fulfilment of the
"canon of their service, wherein are placed their con-
Eolation, and their wages, and their profit, and have
"occupied themselves [with the meditation], but on
"several -occasions they have been interrupted in the
"meditation which hath come to them by the devils.
"It is, therefore, not right for the brethren who are
"beginners in the ascetic life to do this, but they should
"commit their life and works and meditation wholly to
"God, and if it should happen that this meditation
"cometh to them, let them reveal the matter to one of
"the old men who is acquainted with such things, so
"that the demons may not lead them astray and work
"their destruction."
35. The brethren said, "By what means did the
"Fathers sing the [Page 931] Psalms of the Holy Spirit
"without wondering [of mind]?" The old man said,
"First of all they accustomed themselves whensoever
"they stood up to sing the service in their cells to
"labour with great care to collect their minds from
"wandering, and to understand the --meaning of the
"Psalms, and they took care never to let one word
"(or, verse) escape them without their knowing the
"meaning thereof, not as a mere matter of history,
"like the interpreters, and not after the manner of the
'translator, like BASIL and JOHN [CHRYSOSTOM], but
"spiritually, according to the interpretation of the
"Fathers, that is to say, they applied all the Psalms
"to their own lives and works, and to their passions,
"and to their spiritual life, and to the wars which the
"devils waged against them. Each man did thus ac-
"cording to his capacity, whether he was engaged in
"a rule of life for the training of the body, or of the
1034 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"soul, or of the spirit, even as it is written, 'Blessed
" 'are the people who know Thy praises, O Lord,' that
"is to say, Blessed is the monk who, whilst glorifying
"Thee with praise, collecteth his mind from wandering,
"and understandeth clearly the knowledge and meaning
"of the Psalms of the spirit, even as it is written, Sing
"ye unto God with praise, sing ye unto our King.
"When then a man singeth the service in this manner,
"and payeth attention to the meaning of the verse, he
"acquireth daily the faculty of singing a song mingled
"with the meditation of God and with the gaze [which
"is fixed] upon Him. And after the time in which he
"hath arrived at the spiritual rule of life, immediately
"a monk hath begun to sing the Psalms, though one
"or two sections of them become too great for him,
"he is permitted to sing them with understanding and
"with the meditation which is on God, and he refraineth
"from the customary Psalms, [Page 932] and he singeth
"a song which is superior [to that of] body and flesh,
"and which is like unto that of angels, even as the
"Fathers say."
36. The brethren said, "By means of what thoughts
"of excellence may the children of this world not be
"offended by the monks, when they see or hear con-
"cerning the stumblings (or, lapses) which come upon
"them through the frailty of [their] nature, and from
"the wars of the devils?" The old man said, "When they
"consider and look upon the monks as frail men, who
"are clothed with a body which is full of passions, who
"although they are monks and are striving to imitate
"the life and deeds of angels, yet owing to the weak-
"ness of their bodies, and the inclination of their souls,
"and the need which cleaveth unto them, and the
"strivings of the devils against them, the children of
"the world will see that it is quite impossible that the
"monks should not be snared, involuntarily, by certain
"weaknesses. For behold, some of the perfect men
"[mentioned] in the Old and New Testaments were
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1035
"caught in snares, against their will, through the frailty
"of their nature and the war of the devils, as, for ex-
"ample, the blessed and perfect men MOSES, and AARON,
"and DAVID, and SAMSON, and HEZEKIAH, and PETER, and
"PAUL."
37. The brethren said, "Why do the monks who
"have led a life of hard labour become in their old
"age silly, and simple, and act in a foolish way like
"children and drunken men?" The old man said,
"Because all the ascetic excellences which God hath
"placed in the nature of their souls, and which appear
"in them from their youth up, perish through the re-
laxing of the will, and through the love of the body,
"and the war of the devils, and finally through labours
"and contendings. Sometimes they receive them from
"our Lord as gifts, [Page 933] even as it is written,
"'Except ye turn, and become as little children, ye
" 'shall not enter the kingdom of God,' even as our
"Lord said."
38. The brethren said, "What should be the be-
ginning of the fight against sin of the man who hath
"cast all impediments out of his soul, and who hath
"entered the arena, and where should he begin the
"contest?" The old man said, "It is well known unto
"every man that in all the contests against sin and its
"lusts the labour of fasting is the first thwg [to undertake],
"and it is so especially in the case of him that fighteth
"against the sin which is within him; and the sign of
"the enmity against sin and its lusts becometh ap-
parent in those who go down to this invisible conflict
"when they begin to fast. And next cometh the rising
"up in the night, and whosoever loveth the occupation
"of fasting all the days of his life is a friend of chastity.
"For as the pleasure of the belly, and the laxity caused
"by the sleep which inciteth to a polluted bed, are
"the head and chief of all the sins which are in the
"world, and of all the abominations thereof, so fasting,
'and strict vigil in the fear of God, with the crucifying
1036 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"of the body throughout the night against the pleasure
"of sleep, are the foundation of the holy path of God,
"and of all the spiritual excellences. For fasting is the
"strengthener of all spiritual excellences, it is the be-
ginning and end of the strife, and it is the foremost
"of all virtues; and as the enjoyment of the light
"cleaveth closely to the eyes which are healthy, so
"doth the desire for prayer cleave closely to the fasting
"[which is observed] with discernment. For as soon
"as a man hath begun to fast, he desireth greatly to
"converse with God [Page 934] in his mind. The
"body which is fasting cannot continue to lie on [its]
"bed the whole night, for fasting naturally inciteth to
"wakefulness towards God, not only by day, but also
"by night; for the empty body is not fatigued over-
"much by its conflict with sleep, even though it be
"weak in the senses thereof, for its mind is towards
"God in supplication, and it is better for it to cease
"from labour through weakness than from the weights
"of meats. As long as the seals of fasting lie upon the
"mouth of man, his thoughts meditate upon repentance,
"and his heart maketh prayers to arise; and mildness
"lieth upon his countenance, and abominable motions
"are remote from him, and rejoicing never, in the
"smallest degree, appeareth in his forehead, for he is
"a foe of lusts and of unprofitable converse. The man
"who fasted regularly and with understanding, and whom
"abominable lust brought into subjection hath never
"been seen, for fasting is the abode of all spiritual
"excellences, and he who holdeth it in contempt dis-
"turbeth them all. Now the first commandment which
"God laid down for our nature at the beginning gave
"[ADAM] warning concerning the eating of food, and
"the head of our race fell through eating, therefore,
"at the point where the first corruption took place
"[in asceticism], must begin the building of the fear of
"God, when they lay down the first course for the
"observance of the law. And moreover, when our
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1 03 7
"Lord shewed Himself at the Jordan He also began
"at this point, for after He was baptized, the Spirit
"took Him out into the wilderness, and He fasted for
"forty days and forty nights; and all those who travel
"in His footsteps lay the [Page 935] beginning of their
"strife on this foundation. For who shall treat with
"contempt, or hold lightly the armour which hath been
"forged by God? If He Who laid down the law
"fasted, who is there among those who would keep
"the law that hath not need thereof? Immediately
"this armour appeareth on a man straightway terror
"falleth upon the thoughts of the chief of the rebellion,
"that is, Satan; and his power is shattered at the sight
"of the arms which our Captain of the host hath
"placed in our hands, for as soon as he seeth the
"might of this armour on a man he knoweth at once
"that he is ready for the contest. What armour is
"there which is as strong, or which giveth such bold-
"ness in the fight against evil spirits as hunger for
"the sake of Christ? For in proportion as a man is
"harried and brought low in his body, at the time
"when the phalanx of Satan surroundeth him, doth his
"heart support itself with confidence, and he who
"treateth this with contempt is lax and is a coward
"in respect of other spiritual triumphs,^ because he hath
'not upon him the armour whereby the divine athletes
"have gained the victory. And at the very beginning
"the sign of weakness appeareth in him, and he him-
"self giveth the opportunity of defeat to his adversary,
"and since he goeth naked into the strife it is evident
"that he will emerge therefrom without victory, because
"he hath cast away from him the strength which would
"stir up in him the divine zeal; for his members are
"not clothed with the flame of hunger, that is to say,
"fasting. As merchants cannot without labour and
"trouble save up riches, so the righteous man without
"anguish and labour for the sake of righteousness
"cannot expect the crown and the reward" [Page 936].
1038 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
39. The brethren said, "If a man attaineth unto
"purity of heart, what is the sign thereof? And when
"will he know himself if the heart is coming to purity?"
The old man said, "When he seeth that all men are
"fair, and when no man appeareth to him to be un-
"clean or polluted; whosoever is thus indeed standeth
"in purity. And if this be not the case, how can he
"fulfil the word of the Apostle which saith, 'When a
" 'man standeth wholly in purity, he will think that
" 'every man is better than he in heart and in truth/
"unless it be that he attaineth to the state of him of
"whom it is said, 'He whose eyes are pure seeth not
" 'wickedness.' "
40. The brethren said, "What is purity? And to
"what length doth its limit extend?" The old man
said, "In my opinion purity consisteth in oblivion of
"the various kinds of knowledge which are beyond
"nature, and which nature hath discovered in the world;
"and the limit thereof is that a man should be wholly
"free from them, so that he may arrive at the state
"of natural simplicity and integrity which he possessed
"at first, and which somewhat resembleth that of a
"child, except in the case of small matters."
41. The brethren said, "Is it possible for a man
"to attain to this state?" The old man said, "Yea.
"Behold, one of the old men attained to this state to
"such a degree that he was in the habit of asking his
"disciple continually if he had eaten or not. And on
"one occasion one of the saints, who was a very old
"man, became too innocent and simple, and attained to
"such a state of simplicity and purity that he did not
"even know how to keep watch upon himself so that
"he might partake of the Mysteries, or whether he had
"done so or not, until at length his disciples kept him
"in his cell, and took him that he might partake of
"the Mysteries, just as if he had been a child. Now
"although [Page 937] he was in this state as regards
"the things of this world, he was perfect in his soul."
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1039
42. The brethren said, "What are the [subjects of]
"meditation and conversation which it is meet for a
"man to have whilst he is living the life of the recluse
"and passing his time in silent contemplation, so that
"his understanding may not occupy itself with casual
"thoughts?" The old man said, "Dost thou ask con-
"cerning meditation, what shall a man have wherewith
"to put to death the world in his cell? Hath the man
"whose soul is strenuous and watchful any need [to
"ask] the question as to what labour he shall occupy
"himself with when he is alone? What is there for
"the monk to occupy himself with except weeping?
"If, then, a monk be unoccupied with weeping, and he
"be able to pay attention to [any] other thought, what
"is the meditation which hath died out of him? And
"if we come to silent meditation, we can also be con-
stant in weeping, and therefore let us beseech our
"Lord most earnestly with the mind that He may grant
"this unto us."
43. The brethren said, "Since, then, a man is not
"sufficient for the constant exercise of this faculty, be-
"cause of the frailty (or, sickness) of his bodily nature,
"it is right that he should have something else besides
"this which shall be useful for the consolation of his
"mind, so that the passions may not attack him through
"the idleness of the understanding." The old man said,
"The passions cannot attack the soul of the monk,
"whose heart hath been cut off from the world by liv-
ing a solitary ascetic life, unless he hath been negli-
gent of the things which it is proper for him to do;
"and this is so especially if he hath, besides the em-
"ployment [of reading] the Scriptures, the helpful
"thoughts of the man who is occupied with spiritual
"excellence. And living alone and in silence will help
"this [result] greatly, and he will receive in his mind
"the hope of the world which is to come, and the
"glory which is laid up for the saints."
44. The brethren said, "One of the old men said,
IO4O QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
" 'I have toiled for twenty years that [Page 938] I
" 'might see all men together (z*. &, alike).' How can a
"man attain to this measure, and when, and by what
"means? Give us a demonstration concerning this
"matter." The old man said, "It is only the perfect
"men who attain to this measure, and according to
"what the Fathers say, without contemplation in silence,
"and prayer, and great conflicts, and humility, no man
"can attain thereto. And there is a similarity to this
"demonstration in the case of natural parents, for as
"they regard all their children in the same way, and
"as they love them all equally, and pity and spare all
"of them alike, even though there be among them great
"and small, and healthy and sick, and righteous and
"sinners, and good-looking and bad-looking, so the
"strenuous Fathers, after the labours and the contests
"which they have passed through during long periods
"of time spent in silent and solitary retirement, regard
"all men, both the righteous and the sinners in the
"same way, and they love them all alike and without
"distinction. And as God maketh the shadow to fall upon
"all men, both upon the righteous and upon sinners,
"even though He loveth the righteous for their righteous-
"ness, yet He sheweth most compassion upon the sinners.
"And the coming of our Lord was for the sake of
"sinners, for, [saith He], 'I did not come to call the
" 'righteous' &c."
45. The brethren said, "Why was it, when the
"brother, according to the body, of one of the Fathers
"who was living the life of a recluse, sent to him,
"when he was about to die, to come and see him, that
"he would not do so, and that the one brother died
"without seeing the other? And what is the meaning
"of the words which he spake, 'If I go forth and see
"'him my heart will not be pure before God?'" [Page
939] The old man said, "This holy man was living
"secluded in a cell, in a habitation of the brethren,
"and his brother according to the body was also liv-
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1041
"ing, like the other brethren in another cell, and when
"the latter became sick unto death, he wished to see
"his brother before he died. Now to the holy man,
"since he was keeping silence in respect of all the
"other brethren, it did not appear to be right to go
"forth to his brother according to the body, and not
"to go forth afterwards to his spiritual brethren, that
"is to say, to those who dwelt in the monastery with
"him. Had he gone forth to his brother according to
"the body at the season of his death, and had not
"gone forth to his brethren in the spirit, he would not
"have found freedom of speech with God at the season
"of prayer, but his mind would have passed judgment
"upon him, and his mind would have been darkened,
"as if he had held in contempt and treated his brethren
"in the spirit in a dishonourable fashion, and had done
"more honour to his brother according to the body
"than to them. This is the meaning of what he said,
" 'I cannot go forth, for if I do, my heart will not be
"'pure before God.'"
46. The brethren said, "The sage said, 'Whosoever
" 'possesseth not the art of labouring, that is, either
'"the things which belong to the labour of the spirit,
'"whereby he may find consolation from God in his
'"inner man in the spirit, or the things which belong
" 'to the art of human labour, cannot-tarry long in his
"'cell; whosoever doth not possess one or other of
'"these cannot tarry long in his cell/ Explain to us
"the words of the old man." The old man said,
"[Page 940] The things which belong to the art of
"human labour are well known unto every man; but
"things which belong to labour of the spirit he calleth
"the following: fasting, vigil, the singing of Psalms
"and hymns, the prayers which are said kneeling down,
"anguish, weeping, tears, and other labours which are
"like unto these. And together with these [there must
"be the recital of] the offices for the seven hours [of
"the day and night], and the reading of the Holy
IO42 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"Scriptures and of the [books of] doctrine of the old
"men, and these make the monk to acquire patient
"endurance, and the ability to live the ascetic life alone
"in a cell, and they produce for him joy and spiritual
"comfort. If he be a beginner in the ascetic life and
"strong, and he toileth in labours, he will acquire con-
"solation; and if he be a feeble old man, or sick, he
"will labour in the labours of the mind, and will find
"joy. For as all the objects which are of gold are
"wrought by means of anvil, and a hammer, and a
"pair of tongs, so by means of the labour of the body
"in a place of silence and seclusion, and the striving
"of the mind, are wrought all the fruits of the spirit,
"which the Apostle said were love, joy, peace, faith,
"humility, graciousness, pleasantness, longsuffering, and
"patient endurance."
47. The brethren said, "On one occasion, when
"the brethren were sitting down and asking questions
"about the thoughts, one of them said, It is not a
"great matter if a man seeth thoughts afar off. What
"did he want to say? Explain to us the words of the
"old men." The old man said, "When the brethren
"drew nigh to the Fathers and asked them questions
"[wishing] to learn concerning the mode of action and
"thought in respect of the wars of the devils, the
"Fathers did not persuade those among them who
"appeared to possess subtlety of thought, and intelligence
"[Page 941], and understanding, and to hate the pas-
sions, and to be fervent in the spirit, to cast out
"from themselves straightway the thoughts of the
"passions whensoever they stirred in them, and to
"make them to depart foolishly, but they ordered them
"to tarry with them, and to examine carefully how
"they arose, and then to contend against them; for in
"proportion as they were trained in the knowledge of
"strivings and contendings against the passions and
"against devils they would benefit not themselves only,
"but many other people also. And in this wise acted
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1043
"also EVAGRIUS, that man of understanding, and ABBA
"PoEMEN, and others who were like unto them. There-
fore ABBA JOSEPH said to ABBA POEMEN, 'When the
'"passions rise up in thee, give unto and receive from
"'them, and understand carefully their crafty nature,
"'and train thyself to contend against them.' Now
"there are certain weak and foolish brethren whom
"in no way whatsoever doth it benefit to dally with
"the rise of the thoughts of the passions which are in
"the heart, on the contrary, it is far better for them,
"immediately they perceive the motions of the passions,
"to cast them forth from them by prayer, and with
"anger and hatred. Therefore, when several of the
"Fathers were gathered together and were discussing
"the conflicts of the thoughts, and whether it was right
"to dally with them because of knowledge [concerning
"them], or to suppress them by means of prayer
"through fear [of them], one of the Fathers said, 'Even
" 'to understand the thoughts afar off is a great and
" 'excellent work, but it is a far greater work, and one
"'which maketh a man to acquire practice, [Page 942]
'"for him to understand the thoughts, and to wage
" 'war against them. When he hath gained experience
"'of their crafty character, then he will suppress them
" 'and make them to disappear by the power of prayer
"'and humility. Now the meaning of this question is
"'this. When a man hath laboured in conflict and
"'contest against the passions for a long time in
'"seclusion, by the grace of our Lord his heart be-
" 'cometh purified, and rest and peace reign in his
'"soul, and he hath relief from tribulation, and he
"'rejoiceth in God at all seasons, and the devils have
"'no power henceforth to stir up evil thoughts in his
" 'soul, because his heart is filled with divine thoughts,
'"and the understanding of spiritual things, and he is
"'never without the mind which is in God, and the
'"remembrance of His fear and mercy. And should
'"the demons dare to stir up thoughts in him, they
IO44 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
" 'will not [succeed] in rousing those which cause anguish
"'and which bring to nought spiritual excellences, but
" 'only those which are of an ordinary nature, and
'"which impede the vision, even as EVAGRIUS said.'"
48. The brethren said, "How is it possible for a
"man to live in such a way as to be pleasing to God?"
The old man said, "It is impossible for a monk to rise
"to the height of the love of God, unless he first of
"all regard with affection and love man, the image of
"God; for this is the end of all the commandments of
"our Lord Jesus Christ, even as He Himself said, 'If
" 'ye love Me, keep My commandments.' "
49. The brethren said, "An old man said, 'If there
" 'rise up in thy mind a thought about the need of the
" 'body, and thou castest it out once, and it cometh to
"'thee a second time, and thou castest it out, should
" 'it come a third time, pay no regard to it, for it
" 'appertaineth to war;' explain to us [Page 943] these
"words." The old man said, "If whilst thou art in
"seclusion, and art engaged in spiritual labour, and
"Satan, being envious of thee, and wishing to drive
"thee out of the cell, or to impede thy spiritual pro-
gress, stir up in thee one of the thoughts which goad
"a man into sin, either to eat before the proper time,
"or to lie down and sleep, or to visit some one, or
"to do something else; and if he sheweth thee thy
"power of discretion [saying], 'It is unseemly for thee
" 'to do this thing;' or again, should some evil devil
"constrain thee, and hinder thee, and wishing to make
"thee to cease from thy labour, should mock and scoff
"at thee; then stand thou up quickly, and bestir thyself
"boldly; and bow thy knee before our Lord, and pray,
"and ask, and entreat for help, and mercy, and pro-
"tection. For that brother who soaked palm fibres in
"water, and who sat down to plait ropes and mats,
"was engaged in a similar war, and a demon roused
"up in him the thought to go and visit one of the
"brethren; and he cast the thought from him twice,
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1045
"and thrice. Now finally, because he did not under-
stand that the war was of the Evil One, who sought
"to stop [his work] and drive him out of his cell, he
"was overcome by the war, and he left the palm leaves
''soaking in the water, and ran and hurried out in great
"haste. At length the matter was revealed unto one
"of the holy men who was a neighbour of his, and he
"cried out to him, saying, 'Captive, Captive,' and made
"him to come back to his cell, and afterwards the devils
"cried out with a loud voice, saying, 'Ye have over-
" 'come us, O monks.' For the demons are so wicked,
"and they are so envious of the monks when they
"remain constantly in seclusion for our Lord's sake,
"[Page 944] that on several occasions they have, in
"an irregular manner, driven them out of their cells,
"as if for a good object, but [their] object was not a
"good one."
50. The brethren said, "Why was it that ABBA
"AMMON was not able to overcome the passion of wrath
"for fourteen years, although he said unto us, that he
"had entreated God, with anguish and tears, both by
"day and by night unceasingly, to give him the victory
"over it?" The old man said, "That passion probably
"overcame him to an excessive degree through the
"natural constitution of his body, but it is quite certain
"that the passions and the devils waged war against
"him like a mighty man and a warrior. For the devils
"made war upon the Fathers with intense fierceness
"and violence, upon each man according to his capacity,
"and in proportion to their power to triumph, through
"longsuffering, that is to say, through patient and per-
"sistent endurance, the battle against them was pro-
"tracted."
51. The brethren said, "ABBA DOROTHEUS said,
"'Our lack of ability to distinguish between matters
'"will permit us to acquire great excellence in the
"'virtues;' explain to us what the old man [intended]
"to say." The old man said, "He wished to say as
1046 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"follows: Because of our lack of ability to distinguish
"between matters we do not make progress in the
"virtues, and our heart is not quickly purified, and we
"do not ascend to perfection, because we do not labour
"with the knowledge and power of discernment which
"it is right [for us to have]; but [we progress] pain-
"fully, and [only] for the sake of vain glory, and as
"the result of chance circumstances, and without dis-
"cretion. And, .as it cometh, this resembleth that which
"the blessed EVAGRIUS spake, saying, 'As it is not the
"'material foods themselves which nourish the body;
" 'but the power which is in them, so it is not matters
" 'themselves which make [Page 945] the soul to grow,
" 'but the power of discernment which [cometh] from
"'them.', And he also said, 'As the feeding, and health,
" 'and growth of the body do not come through the
'"actual materials of [our] foods, for these are cast
" 'out of the body in the draught, but from the hidden
" 'power which is in them, so also the nourishment and
" 'the growth of the soul take place through the fear
'"of God. And the healthy state thereof which ariseth
" 'through impassibility, and the perfection thereof which
" 'is in righteousness, do not exist through the labours
" 'of the body only, but from the deeds and acts which
" '[are performed] with knowledge, that is to say, with
" 'a straight object, and from the action of the mind
" 'which hateth passions, and from the prayer which is
'"joined to humility, and from the mind which is in
"'God.'"
52. The brethren said, "ABBA ARSENIUS said unto
"one of the brethren, 'Lead the ascetic life with all the
" 'strength that thou hast, and the hidden labour which
"'is within, and which is performed for God's sake,
"'shall vanquish thine external passions;' to what doth
"he give the name of 'passions'?" The old man said,
"In this case ARSENIUS calleth the labours of the body
" 'passions'. For labours are also called by the name
"of 'passions', because they constrain those who toil,
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1047
"and make them feel pain, even as ABBA MACARIUS said,
" 'Constrain thy soul with pains and labours of every
" 'kind in ascetic excellence.' And this is what ABBA
"ARSENius said to that brother, Labour with all thy
"might in the work of righteousness, and toil with the
"labours of the mind more than with all the various
"kinds of work of the body. For the labours of the
"body only incite and gratify the passions of the body,
"but the labours of the mind, that is to say, the thought
"which is in God, and prayer without ceasing, and
"the suppression of the thoughtfs] with humility, [Page
"946] liberate [a man] from all the passions, and they
"vanquish devils, and purify the heart, and make per-
fect love, and make him worthy of the revelations of
"the spirit."
53. The brethren said, "What is the meaning of
"that which ABBA BENJAMIN said, 'Had MOSES not been
" 'gathering the sheep into the fold he would not have
"'seen Him that was in the bush?'" The old man
said, "What he said was this : As the blessed MOSES,
"who was held worthy of the vision in the bush, first
"gathered together the sheep which he was tending
"into one company lest, when going to see that wonder-
"ful sight, his mind should be perturbed through anxiety
"about the sheep which were [wandering] in the desert,
"so also is it with the monk, for if-he wisheth and
"desireth the purity of heart which looketh upon God
"in the revelation of light, it is right that first of all
"he should abandon every earthly possession, and his
"feelings, and his passions, and he should live in
"seclusion always, and should collect his mind and free
"it from all wandering and straying, and should have
"one object only to gaze upon, that, is God. In this
"manner he will become worthy of purity of heart, and
"he will enjoy visions and revelations concerning Him."
54. The brethren said, "HIERONYMUS said that the
"blessed EVAGRIUS commanded the brethren who were
"with him not to drink their fill of water, and said,
1048 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
" 'There are always demons in the places wherein there
"'is water;' what opinion is this?" The old man said,
"The blessed EVAGRIUS interpreted these words spiri-
tually, 'as being suitable to our mode of life, and he
"said that which our Lord said, 'The demon goeth
" 'round about in the places wherein there is no water,
"'that he may seek for rest, and he findeth it not;'
"[Page 947] which saying maketh us to understand
"that when the unclean devil of fornication wageth war
"against the monk, if the monk afflicteth himself by
"eating food sparingly, and especially by drinking water
"sparingly, Satan will never be able to injure him by
"means of this passion. And the devil will never be
"gratified at the fulfilment of this passion by him, for
"there is nothing which will dry up the arteries, and
"prevent the accident of the night, and make a monk
"to possess chaste and quiet thoughts by day, so much
"as the restraining of the belly by thirst. Some fast
"the whole day until the evening, and some fast for
"[several] nights at a time, yet when they break their
"fast and eat a little food, because they drink much
"water, they benefit in no wise by their fasting and
"by the sparing use of food which they practise because
"of the war of lust. For the drinking of much water
"filleth the arteries [of the monk] with [excessive]
"moisture, and Satan findeth an occasion for exciting
"him by means of thoughts in the daytime, and he
"trippeth him up by means of dreams by night, and
"he depriyeth him of the light of purity. Therefore,
"in another place, ABBA EVAGRIUS admonisheth the
"monk, saying, 'If thou wishest for chastity make little
"thy food, and restrain thyself in the drinking of water,
"and then impassibility of heart shall rise upon thee,
"and thou shalt see in thy prayer a mind which emitteth
"light like unto a star."
55. The brethren said, "In how many ways doth
"Divine Grace call the brethren unto the life of the
"solitary ascetic?" The old man said, "In very many
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. IO49
"and different ways. Sometimes Divine Grace moveth
"a man suddenly, even as it moved ABBA MOSES, the
"Ethiopian, and sometimes by the hearing of the Scrip-
tures, as in the cases of the blessed [Page 948] MAR
"ANTHONY and MAR SIMON STYLITES, and at others by
"the doctrine of the word, as in the cases of SERAPION,
"and ABBA BESSARION, and others who were like them.
"Concerning these three ways whereby Divine Grace
"calleth to those who would repent, I would say that
"Divine Grace moveth the conscience of a monk in
"the manner which is pleasing to God, and that through
"these even evil-doers have repented and pleased God.
"And there is, moreover, the departure from this world
"by the hands of angels, by terrors, and sicknesses,
"and afflictions, even as that which took place in re-
"spect of the blessed EVAGRIUS; and sometimes God
"Himself calleth from heaven and taketh a man out
"of the world, as in the cases of PAUL, and ABBA
"ARSENIUS."
56. The brethren said, "Wherefore is it that the
"beginning of the doctrine of the old men is laid down
"in the books from the choice (or, election) of ABBA
"ARSENIUS, and on [his] coming forth from the world
"into a monastery, and from a monastery of the brethren
"in to the seclusion which is in a cell?" The old man
said, "Because he was called by God te the monastery,
"and from the monastery to the cell, and because it is
"certain that these two calls were according to the
"Will of God, well was it that the beginning of the
"doctrine of the old men [was derived] from the history
"of this holy man."
57. The brethren said, "Explain unto us these two
"calls of ABBA ARSENIUS. What is the meaning of that
"which was said in the first call, 'Flee from the children
" 'of men and thou shalt live/ and what is the signifi-
"cation of that which was said at the second call,
" 'Flee, keep silence and live a life of contemplation in
" 'silence, for these are the principal things which keep
1050 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"'a man from sinning?"' The old man said, [Page
949] "The meaning of 'Flee from the children of men,
" 'and thou shalt live/ is this : If thou wishest to be
"delivered from the death which is in sin, and to live
"the perfect life which is in righteousness, leave thy
"possessions, and family, and country, and depart into
"exile, that is, to the desert and mountains to the holy
"men; and cultivate with them My commandments, and
"thou shalt live a life of grace. And the meaning of
" 'Flee, keep silence, and live a life of contemplation
"'in silence' is this: Since when thou wast in the
"world thou wast drawn towards anxieties about the
"affairs thereof, I have made thee to come out from
"the world, and I have sent thee to the habitation
"of monks, so that after a short time of dwelling in
"the coenobium thou mayest be drawn, first to the
"cultivation of My commandments openly, and secondly
"to contemplation in silence. And now that thou art
"trained in the former sufficiently, thou mayest flee, that
"is to say, get thee forth from the monastery of the
"brethren, and enter into thy cell, just as thou didst
"go forth from the world, and didst enter into the
"monastery. And the meaning of 'Keep silence, and lead
" 'a life of contemplation in silence', is : Having entered
"into thy cell to contemplate in silence, thou shalt not
"give the multitude an opportunity of coming in to thee,
"and talking to thee unnecessarily, except on matters
"which relate to' spiritual excellence; if thou dost not
"do this thou wilt benefit by sitting in silent con-
"templation. For through the sight, and the hearing,
"and the converse of the multitude who shall come in
"to thee, the captivity of wandering thoughts will carry
"thee off, and thy silence and thy contemplation will
"be disturbed. But do not imagine that the mere fact
"of having left the brethren in the monastery, or not
"bringing other men into thy cell to be disturbed by
"them will be sufficient to make thy mind to be com-
"posed, or to enable thee to meditate upon God, and
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1051
"to correct thyself, unless thou dost take good heed
"[Page 950] not to occupy thy mind with them in any
"way whatsoever when they are remote from thee.
"For until a man arriveth at a state of impassibility,
"and overcometh by striving both the passions and the
"devils, whensoever a monk remembereth any man in
"his cell, he remembereth him in connexion with some
"passion, that is to say, with desire [or, lust], or with
"anger, or with vain glory. And if it should happen
"that the mind wandereth in respect of ordinary things
"[or, means], unless he cutteth them off from him, his
"wandering inclineth through absolute necessity, towards
"a remembrance which is allied to some passion. And
"it is also thus in the case of a neophyte, for whenso-
"ever during his contemplation in silence he remembered
"women he falleth into the lust of fornication; and
"whensoever he remembereth men, he is either wroth
"with them in his thoughts, and he maketh accusations
"against them, and blameth them, and condemneth
"them, or he demandeth from them vain glory, and he
"inclineth to passibility. Therefore when ABBA MACA-
"RIUS was asked, 'What is the right way for a brother,
"who is a neophyte, to live in his cell?' he said, 'Let
" 'no monk when he is in his cell have any remem-
" 'brance whatsoever of any man, for he cannot profit
"'in any way in restraining his feelings from the con-
" 'versation of men, except he take care to withhold
" 'his thoughts from secret intercourse with them.' This
"is the meaning of the words, "Flee, keep silence, and
"contemplate in silence.'"
58. The brethren said, "What is the meaning of
"the words which one of the old men spake, saying,
" 'He who dwelleth with men, because of the commotion
'"of worldly affairs is unable to see his sins; but if he
"'dwell in the silent repose of the desert he will be
'"able to see God in a pure manner?" The old man
said, "The excellences which are [Page 951] cultivated
"in the world, and to which our Lord, speaking in
IO52 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"the Gospel, ascribed blessing, -are loving-kindness,
"peace-making, and the other commandments which
"are like unto them, and it is quite possible for such
"virtues to be cultivated in the world by certain
"strenuous persons. But the purity of heart which
"seeth God, and to which our Lord ascribed blessing,
"saying, 'Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall
" 'see God,' cannot be acquired without dwelling in the
"desert, and solitary and silent contemplation, and the
"monk must acquire it in the following way. First of
"all a man must go forth from the world, and dwell
"in a monastery, and after his training in the monas-
"tery and having gone into his cell, he must die through
"contemplation in silence, and through the other labours
"of his body, and through striving against the passions,
"and through conflict with devils. Then through the
"tranquillity of mind [which he will acquire] in silent
"contemplation, he will remember his sins, and when
"he hateth his passions, and hath petitioned for the
"remission of his sins, and hath suppressed his thoughts,
"and hath become constant in pure prayer, and hath
"cleansed his heart from odious thoughts, then shall he
"be worthy to see in his heart, even as in a polished
"mirror, the light of the revelation of our Lord [shine]
"upon it, even as the Fathers say. Well, then, did
"that holy old man say to those brethren, Visit the
"sick, reconcile the men of wrath, for he who cul-
"tivateth spiritual excellences in the world cannot, by
"reason of the commotion of the affairs thereof, see
"his sins; but if he continue in silent contemplation
"and prayer he shall see God."
59. The brethren said, "What is [the meaning of]
"that which ABBA SISOES said to [Page 952] ABBA
"AMMON, 'Freedom of my thoughts in the desert is
"'sufficient for me?'" The old man said, "SisoES was
"a great and a perfect old man, and he dwelt all
"the days of his life in the remote desert, and after
"he had become old, and was exceedingly feeble, the
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1 05 3
"Fathers brought him to the monastery of the brethren,
"who used to go in and visit him each day, for the
"sake of some profitable discourse and helpful prayer.
"And because he was unaccustomed to feel comfort-
"able in the presence of many folks, his mind began
"to wander about in remembering the brethren, and
"to meditate upon many things, and he was unable to
"find that dominant freedom for the continuous, secret
"prayer of the mind, which is superior to every in-
"fluence that would make it decline, and is free from
"every [other] attraction, and he was, therefore, rightly
"grieved. Now one day, ABBA AMM6N went to visit
"him, and he saw that he was sorry about his coming
"from the desert, and he said unto him, 'Father, it is
" 'not right for thee to be sorrowful because thou hast
"'drawn nigh to the place where the brethren dwell,
" 'for thy body hath become feeble, and thou art unable
" 'to perform those works wherein thou wert wont to
" 'labour in the desert.' Now when ABBA SISOES heard
"these things, he looked at ABBA AMMON sternly, and
"he answered him with indignation, saying, 'What
"'sayest thou to me, AMMON? Was not the freedom
"'of the thoughts which I had in the desert sufficient
'"to take the place for me of all labours? And as
"'regards thyself also, O AMMON, who art conscious of
" 'the life and acts of the freedom" of the mind, and
'"who art not subject unto [Page 953] the constraint
" 'of wandering and disturbance of the mind, and who
'"art not impeded by old age and infirmity, tell me
" 'what thou art able to do in the desert at thy great
'"age? Even if I be unequal to the labours of the
" 'body, because I have become infirm through old age,
" 'I am better able to perform the labours of the mind
'"than I was in the time of my early manhood. Or,
" 'perhaps in thy opinion the clear shining of the mind,
" 'which a monk acquireth by a life of contemplation
" 'in silence, and the constant intercourse with God,
'"and the prayer which is without ceasing, and the
IO54 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
" 'remembrance of Christ, and the constant gazing upon
" 'Him, and the exultation of the soul in Him, and the
'"favour of His love, and the affection for His com-
" 'mandments, and the desire for His good things, and
" 'the meditation upon His glory, and the thought about
'"His excellence and His Majesty, and the admiration
" 'of His humility, are matters which are small and
'"contemptible? All these labours of the mind, and
'"many others which are like unto them, neither old
"'age nor infirmity impedes, but they are prevented,
"'and brought low, and, by degrees, are destroyed,
'"by converse with the children of men, and by see-
" 'ing many people, and by care about worldly affairs.' "
60. The brethren said, "They used to say that
"when the service in the church was over, ABBA
"MACARIUS used to flee to his cell, and that the brethren
"said, 'He hath a devil, but he doeth the work of God.'
"Now who were those who said that he had a devil?
"And what was the work of God which he used to do?"
The old man said, "Those who said that he had a
"devil were the lazy brethren. [Page 954] Whensoever
"Satan seeth the monks who are leading a life of
"spiritual excellence in the monastery, the devils stir
"up the lazy brethren to wage war against them, by
"means of abuse, and revilings, and backbiting, and
"calumny, and by means of the trials which they
"bring upon them. Now the work of God which ABBA
"SisoES did when he fled [to his cell] was this:
"Prayer accompanied by weeping and tears, according
"to the exhortation of ABBA ISAIAH, who said, 'When
" 'the congregation is dismissed, or when thou risest
'"up after eating, sit not down to talk with any man,
" 'either concerning the affairs of the world, or con-
"'cerning matters of spiritual excellence; but go thou
'"into thy cell, and weep for thy sins, even as ABBA
" 'MACARIUS the Alexandrian said unto the brethren who
" 'were with him, Brethren, flee. And the brethren
" 'said, Father, how can we flee more than [in coming]
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1055
'"to the desert? And he laid his hand upon his mouth,
"'and said unto them, Flee ye in this manner; and
" 'straightway every man fled to his cell, and held his
'"peace."'
61. The brethren said, "AiwA ANTHONY said, 'As
" 'a fish dieth when it is lifted up out of the water,
" 'so doth the monk [die] if he remain long outside
"'his cell;' explain these words to us." The old man
said, "Because the remembrance of God is, in our Lord
"Jesus Christ, the life of the soul, which the Fathers
"call the 'repository of life,' and 'the breath of the life
" 'of the soul and of the mind,' when the monk tarrieth
"in the cities, and in the sight and converse of the
"children of men, he dieth in respect of the breath of
"life which is in God, that is to say, he forgetteth
"God, and the love of Christ groweth cold in his heart,
"the love which he hath acquired by many labours,
"[Page 955] and he forgetteth his virtues, and he be-
"cometh lax in respect of [his] liking for tribulations, and
"he loveth pleasures, and hath an affection for lusts,
"and the sincerity of his heart is troubled, through the
"disturbance which entereth into his senses, that is,
"seeing, and speaking, and hearing, which are indeed
"the strength of the soul; and it happeneth also that
"he falleth into great passions, wherefrom may Christ
"God save us! Amen."
62. The brethren said, "The excellent man HIE-
"RONYMUS said in the history of the triumphs of the
"blessed ISIDORE, the archimandrite, that he had in
"his monastery one thousand monks, and that they all
"lived within the gate of his habitation, and that none
"of them ever went outside it until the day of his
"death, except two brethren who only set out there-
"from to sell their handi-work, and who brought in
"only such things as were required for their absolute
"needs. How is it that in an assembly of our early
"Fathers, that is, a congregation containing one thousand
"brethren, two men only were sufficient [to provide
1056 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"for] their ministrations? In our generation if there
"was a congregation of five and fifty monks, only five
"would lead a life of ascetic excellence in seclusion, and
"the [other] fifty would be going out and coming in
"ceaselessly and without rest to supply them with what
"they needed." The old man said, "Concerning the
"love for labours, and the watch which the early Fathers
"kept [on themselves], and concerning the love of
"pleasure, and the laxity of ourselves who belong to
"a later time, if it be right to tell the truth, we
"ought to speak most concerning the laxity and ignor-
"ance of the governors of monasteries. In former times
"the brethren who lived lives of contemplation and
"seclusion and loved spiritual repose [Page 956] were
"many, and those who went out on to the high roads, and
"entered the cities, and performed outside labours were
"few; but in our days, in a congregation which, as ye
"have said, containeth five and fifty monks, five will
"lead a life of spiritual repose inside the monastery,
"and the other fifty will toil ceaselessly in the works
"which are outside it, and during the whole time they
"will complain and blame the five who are inside, be-
"cause they do not go out and serve even as do they.
"And through the words of these foolish and insolent
"men all the spiritual excellences which are cultivated
"in the monastery will perish and come to an end.
"And, according to what I say, if the Fathers set the
"life of contemplation in silence against the whole of
"the labour of the ascetic life, and if it be more ex-
"cellent than it all, who would blame him that loveth
"spiritual contemplation and repose, and the quiet of
"the cell?"
63. The brethren said, "On one occasion a con-
gregation of monks assembled on the great festival
"of the Resurrection, and there were gathered together
"in the monastery all the Fathers, and all the recluses,
"and other monks, and all the old men in the con-
gregation were asked, Which is the mightiest and
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1057
"most severe war which can come upon monks? And
"they all agreed that no war is harder or more cruel
"than that which maketh a man to leave his cell and
"depart, and that when that war is fought down, all
"other contests may be easily reduced. Explain to us
"the meaning of these words." The old man said,
"Constant spiritual repose in a cell hath hope closely
"bound up in it, but going out therefrom is united to
"despair. As long as a man liveth in spiritual repose,
"and loveth the quiet of the cell, little by little he
"goeth forward, [Page 957] one step at a time, accord-
ing to the order of succession; and he hath hope
"that in our Lord he will vanquish each of the passions,
"and that through his repose and labours he will ac-
"quire spiritual excellences and the grace of Christ.
"But if the life becometh tedious to him, and he go
"forth and leave his cell, and wander about, he will
"neither vanquish the passions, nor acquire spiritual
"virtues, but he will incline to despair, and to utter
"destruction. Therefore the Fathers have well said
"that no war is more cruel than the war of wandering."
64. The brethren said, "ABBA THEODORE and ABBA
"LuKt passed fifty years in being harassed by their
"thoughts which urged them vexatiously to change
"[their] place [of living]; and they said, When the
"winter cometh we will change. And wlien the winter
"had come, they said, We will change in the summer;
"and thus they continued to do until the end of their
"lives. Reveal to us if it was the devils who were
"urging these famous Fathers to go forth from their
"cells for a period of fifty years, that is, until their
"death." The old man said, "The devils urged the
"great Fathers to wander and to go forth from their
"spiritual repose because they well knew the benefit
"which accrued to them therefrom, and these holy
"Fathers were urged by the devils also, but did not
"leave their cells. To-day, however, in this gene-
"ration, the same devils harass the monks, and drive
1058 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"them out of their cells, by this war of departure, and
"therefore the great Fathers who have felt this war
"of wandering and of departure have said, [Page 958]
" 'There is no war which is more cruel to the monk
"'than this; may Christ help us and deliver us from it.'"
65. The brethren said, "ABBA ANTHONY used to
"say, 'He who dwelleth in the desert is free from
" 'three wars, that is, from speaking, hearing, and see-
"'ing;' explain these words to us." The old man
said, "The old man did not speak [thus] because the
"strife of him that dwelt in spiritual repose in the
"desert was less fierce than that of him that wandered
"about and mingled with men, but that he might shew
"how much more hard and laborious was the war of
"devils which taketh place in the heart of those who
"dwell in spiritual repose than that which cometh in
"the heart of those who dwell with brethren. And
"because of this the fathers pursued after a life of
"contemplation in silence, lest when the wars of speak-
ing, and seeing, and hearing were added unto that
"which was already in their heart, they would fall by
"reason of their severity, even as actually happened
"on one occasion, for a woman came to the monks
"who were living a life of silent contemplation, and
"there was added to the war which was already in
"their hearts the wars of seeing, and hearing, and
"speaking, and they would have been vanquished by
"the severity thereof had it not been that the grace
"of our Lord supported them. That the war which
"taketh place in the senses of the soul against the
"monks who live a life of silent contemplation is
"mightier and fiercer than that which taketh place
"in the senses of the body, is well known from the
"words which the blessed EVAGRIUS spake, saying,
"Against the monks who lead a life of silent con-
"templation the devils in person wage war, but against
"those who lead a life of spiritual excellence in a
"general assembly of brethren, the devils only stir up
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATIIFRS. IO 59
"and incite the lazy brethren; [Page 959] but the war
"which ariseth from the sight, and the hearing, and
"the speech is much less fierce than that which is
"waged against the monks who dwell in silent solitude."
66. The brethren said, "What is the meaning of
"that which ABBA ANTHONY said, 'A monk's cell is the
"'furnace of Babylon, and it is also a pillar of light?'"
The old man said, "There are two things peculiar to
"the cell; the one warmeth and setteth on fire, and the
"other giveth light and rejoicing. To neophytes it is
"oppressive and troublesome, by reason of the many
"wars and the dejection which are therein, but it re-
"joiceth the perfect and maketh them glad, with purity
"of heart, and impassibility, and revelations of light;
"and it is even thus with those who begin to live in
"silent contemplation, for although at the beginning
"they are for a considerable time afflicted by the
"wars of the passions, and by devils, they are never
"forsaken by the help of Divine Grace. For our Lord
"Himself, the Son of God, JESUS CHRIST, cometh to
"them secretly, and He becometh to them a helper
"and a companion, and after they have overcome both
"passions and devils, according to systematic order,
"He maketh them worthy of the happiness which is
"in His perfect love, and the revelation of His glorious
"light."
67. The brethren said, "ABBA MOSES the Ethiopian
"was on one occasion reviled by certain men, and the
"brethren asked him, saying, 'Wast not thou troubled
"'in thy heart, O father, when thou wast reviled?'
"And he said unto them, 'Although I was troubled,
'"yet I said nothing.' What is the meaning of the
"words, 'Although I was troubled [Page 960] I spake
"'not?'" The old man said, "The perfection of monks
"consisteth of two parts, that is to say, of impas-
sibility of the senses of the body, and of im-
"passibility of the senses of the soul. Impassibility of
"the body taketh place when a man who is reviled
IO6O QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"restraineth himself for God's sake and speaketh not,
"even though he be troubled; but impassibility of the
"soul- taketh place when a man is abused and reviled,
"and yet is not angry in his heart when he is abused,
"even like JOHN COLOBOS. For on one occasion when
"the brethren were sitting with him, a man passed by
"and upbraided him, but he was not angry, and his
"countenance changed not; then the brethren asked
"him, saying, 'Art thou not secretly troubled in thy
"'heart, O father, being] reviled in this fashion?'
"And he answered and said unto them, 'I am not
" 'troubled inwardly, for inwardly I am just as tranquil
"'as ye see that I am outwardly;' and this is perfect
"impassibility. Now at that time ABBA MOSES had not
"arrived at this state of perfection, and he confessed
"that although outwardly he was undisturbed, yet he
"was waging a contest in his heart, and he maintained
"silence and was not angry outwardly; and even this
"was a spiritual excellence, although it would have
"been a more perfect thing had he not been angry
"either inwardly or outwardly. And the blessed NILUS
"made a comparison of these two measures of excellence
"in the cases of the blessed men MOSES and AARON.
"The act of covering the breast and heart with the
"priestly tunic which AARON performed when he went
"into the Holy of Holies representeth the state of a
"man [Page 961] who, though angry in his heart, sup-
"presseth his wrath by striving and prayer; and the
"state of a man not being angry at all in the heart,
"because he hath been exalted to perfection by [his]
"victory over the passions and the devils, NILUS com-
pared to that which is said of the blessed MOSES,
"saying, 'MosES took the breast for an offering, because
"'the soul dwelleth in the heart, and the heart in the
"'breast.' And SOLOMON said, 'Remove anger from
" 'thy heart,' and concerning AARON the Book saith,
" 'He was covering his breast with the ephod and tunic,'
"and this teacheth us monks that it is meet for us to
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. !O6l
"cover over the wrath which is in the heart with
"gentle, and humble, and tranquil thoughts, and that
"we should not allow it to ascend to the opening of
"our throat, and that the odiousness and abomination
"thereof shall be revealed by the tongue."
68. The brethren said, "Why is it that, although
"all the fathers used to admonish the brethren to ask
"the old men questions continually, and to learn from
"them, and to reveal to them their thoughts, and to
"live according to their directions, one of the old men
"said to one of the brethren, 'Go, sit in thy cell, and
"'thy cell shall teach thee everything?'" The old man
said, "There is no contradiction in these words of
"the Fathers, and what the old man said hath an ob-
ject, the meaning of which is well known. The old
"man who admonished the brother that he should learn
"like a beginner was great and famous, and to that
"brother who asked him the question he spake thus:
"In the early days when thou goest to thy cell, [Page
"962] lay hold upon the habits (or, orders) of the
"neophytes, and live according to them for a consider-
able period, that is to say, with fasting, and vigil,
"and reading, and reciting the offices, and all the
"other things, until at length, after the lapse of time,
"the life of contemplation in silence shall give thee
"the order which befitteth thy seclusion, and will add
"those things which are seemly, and will diminish those
"which are not. This is the meaning of that which
"was said by the holy man, 'Sit in thy cell, and it
" 'shall teach thee everything.' "
69. The brethren said, "One of the old men used
"to say, 'A man shall have no care, and he shall con-
" 'template in silence, and shall cover up himself; three
" 'meditations shall teach purity.' What is the meaning
"of these three words?" The old man said, "'A man
'"shall have no care' means that he shall not care
"concerning the shortcomings of others, and that all
"his anxiety shall be concerning his own shortcomings.
1062 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"And, 'He shall contemplate in silence' means that he
"shall not speak even concerning matters of spiritual
"excellence if it will trouble any man or condemn him.
"And 'He shall cover up himself' meaneth that he shall
"not reveal his life and deeds, but, as far as possible,
"he shall be unknown and unhonoured. Now by these
"things is established the purity of heart which seeth
"God in a revelation of light."
70. The brethren said, "How is it possible for a
"monk to die every day for the love of Christ, even
"as the blessed PAUL said, 'I swear by your boasting,
" 'my brethren, that, in our Lord Jesus Christ, I die
" 'daily, and the world is dead unto me, and I am
" 'crucified unto the world, [Page 963] and the world
"'is crucified unto me, and I live, yet not I, but
'"Christ liveth in me?" The old man said, "A man
"[can do this] if he contemplate in silence at all seasons,
"and perform the other works of the body, I mean
"fasting, and vigil, and the recital of the books of the
"Psalms, and prayers, and genuflexions, and groanings,
"and pain, and weeping, and tears, and sighs, and the
"reading of the Holy Scriptures. And he must espe-
cially take care concerning the works of the mind,
"that is, the constant remembrance of God, and medi-
"tation upon Him and His blessings, and upon His
"commandments and His threatenings ; and his gaze
"must be always on our Lord, and his prayer must
"be without ceasing and without wandering, and the
"odiousness of the passions must be away from the
"heart, and he must suppress with keenness the thoughts
"of the devils which arise at their prompting. And
"he must possess that excellence which is the first
"and most important of all the spiritual virtues, and
"of all the labours of the ascetic life of the mind,
"that is to say, death in respect of all the anxieties
"and cares of this world. And a monk must have no
"care, and no anxiety, and he must not think about
"anything, or seek anything, or desire anything, or
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1063
"lust for anything, except for the time when he will
"attain to the perfect love of God in our Lord Jesus
"Christ. And he must fulfil at all times the command
"of the blessed PAUL, and his admonition to us wherein
"he said, 'Love ye your Lord, rejoice in your hope,
" 'pray without ceasing, be fervent in spirit, endure
" 'your tribulations, be not anxious about anything,
"'cast all your care upon the Lord; and let all your
" 'prayers, and all your requests, and all your petitions
" 'be made known unto God, to Whom be glory for
"'ever and ever! Amen.'" [Page 964].
71. The brethren said, "How can love be acquired
"by men of understanding?" The old man said, "True
"and pure love is the way of life, and the haven of
"promises, and the treasure of faith, and it sheweth
"[the way of] the kingdom, and it is the expositor of the
"judgment, and the preacher concerning what is hidden."
72. The brethren said, "We do not know the power
"of the word." The old man said, "If a man doth
"not love God he will not believe in Him, and His
"promises are not certain to him, and he feareth not
"His judgment, and he goeth not after Him; but, be-
"cause love is not in him, so that he may flee from
"iniquity, and wait for the life which hath been pro-
"mised, he is always performing the work of sin. And
"he doeth this because His judgment 15, raised too far
"above his eyes. Therefore let us run after love,
"wherein the holy fathers were rich, for it is able to
"reward its nature, and its God, and this is its praise."
73. The brethren said, "In what way doth wisdom
"live in a man?" The old man said, "Now when a
"man hath gone forth to follow God with a sincere
"mind, Grace taketh up its abode in him, and his life
"and deeds are strengthened in the Spirit, and he hath
"taken a hatred to the world, for he perceiveth that new
"spiritual life which is in the new man, and which is
"exalted above the impurity of human life, and in his
"mind he thinketh upon the humility of the life and
1064 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"works which are to come, and which are [more] ex-
"cellent than those here."
74. The brethren said, "By what is love made
"known?" [Page 965] The old man said, "By the
"fulfilment of work, and by spiritual meditation, and by
"the knowledge of faith."
75. The brethren said, "What are works?" The
old man said, "The keeping of the commandments of
"God in the purity of the inner man, together with
"the [performance of] labours by the outer man."
76. The brethren said, "Is every man who is desti-
tute of works also destitute of love?" The old man
said, "It is impossible for the man who is in God
"not to love, and it is impossible that he who loveth
"should not work; and it is incredible that he who
"teacheth and doth not work is indeed a believer, for
"his tongue is the enemy of his actions, and although
"he speaketh life he is in subjection unto death."
77. The brethren said, "And is he who is in this
"state destitute of reward?" The old man said, "The
"man who speaketh the things of the spirit, and who
"performeth the things of the body is not destitute of
"reward, and that which he needeth is fulfilled for
"him: but he is deprived of the crown of light, be-
"cause he desireth not that the rule of the spirit shall
"have dominion over him."
78. The brethren said, "Fasting and prayer: what
"are they?" The old man said, "Fasting is the sub-
"jugation of the body, and prayer is converse with
"God, vigil is the war with Satan, abstinence is the
"being weaned from meats, standing up is the humility
"of the primitive man, genuflexion is the bowing down
"before the Judge, tears are [Page 966] the remem-
"brance of sins, nakedness is our captivity through
"transgression, and [reciting the] service is constant
"supplication and the praising of God."
79. The brethren said, "Are these things able to
"redeem the soul?" The old man said, "When the
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1065
"things which are within agree with the things which
"are without, and the humility which is manifest ap-
"peareth in the hidden works which are within, in very
"truth a man is redeemed from the heaviness of the body."
80. The brethren said, "And what is internal hu-
"mility?" The old man said, "It is humility of love,
"peace, concord, purity, restfulness, gentleness, subjec-
tion, faith, remoteness from envy, [and it is] the soul
"which lacketh the fervour of anger, and is remote
"from the lust of arrogance, and is separated from
"vain glory, and is filled with patient endurance like
"the great deep, and whose motion is drawn after the
"knowledge of the spirit, and before whose eyes is
"depicted the departure from the body, and the great
"marvel of the Resurrection, and the call to judgment,
"which [shall come] after the quickening, and its
"standing before the awful throne of God, and the
"being redeemed."
81. The brethren said, "Is it possible for a man
"to fast and not to be redeemed?." The old man said,
"There is a fasting which is a matter of habit, and an-
other which is of desire, and another is of constraint,
"and another which is of the sight, and another which
"is of vain glory, and another of tribulation, and an-
"other of repentance, and another of spiritual love ;
"and although each one of them is-he same outside
"the mind, yet in the word of knowledge they are
"distinct. Now although the manner of each in respect
"of the body is the same, yet each should be under-
"taken with thorough purpose, and a man should journey
"straightly [Page 967] along the way of love, and
"should bear his burden with spiritual patience, and
"he should not rejoice in his honour."
82. The brethren said, "Who is the true [monk]?"
The old man said, "He who maketh his word mani-
"fest in deed, and endureth his pain patiently; with
"such a man new life is found, and the knowledge of
"the spirit dwelleth in him."
IO66 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
83. The brethren said, "Who is he that liveth
"purely?" The old man said, "He who is free from
"the delights of the body, and who rejoiceth in the
"love of his neighbours in the love of God; for in
"proportion as need hath rule over the soul is spiritual
"repose produced [therein]."
84. The brethren said, "With what can we vanquish
"lust?" The old man said, "With the remembrance
"of the good things of the spirit; for, if the desire for
"the good things which are to come doth not abrogate
"the lust for the delights of this world, a man cannot
"overcome at all. Except the merchant's ship be laden
"with manifold hope it will not be able to endure the
"storms, and will sail on the path of tribulation."
85. The brethren said, "In what way doth a man
"go forth from the world?" The old man said, "He
"doeth this when he forsaketh the gratification of all
"his lust, and when, so far as it lieth in his power, he
"runneth to fulfil the commandments; the man who doth
"not do this will fall."
86. The brethren said, "Through what did the men
"of old triumph over nature?" The old man said,
"Through the fervour of their love which was above
"nature, and through the death of the man which is
"corruptible, and through contempt of arrogance, and
' 'through abatement of the belly, and through the fear
"of the judgment, and through the sure and certain
"promise; through the desire of these glorious things
"[Page 968] the Fathers acquired in the soul a spiritual
"body."
87. The brethren said, "How can we vanquish the
"passions which afflict us, since they are placed in our
"nature?" The old man said, "Through your death
"to the world, for except a man burieth himself in the
"grave of continence the spiritual Adam can never be
"quickened in him. For when a dead man departeth
"from this temporary life, he hath no perception of the
"world, and all his senses are at rest and they are
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1067
"useless. Now if that which appertained! to thy natural
"body thou dost forsake naturally, and thou dost not
"do the same voluntarily in respect of thine own per-
"son, thou wilt die; but if thy desire dieth through
"repentance, [thy] nature will cease from this tempo-
"rary life in the death of the spirit, even as the
"natural emotions of the body ceased through its na-
tural end."
88. The brethren said, "To what extent is a man
"held to be worthy of revelations?" The old man said,
"To the same extent as he is held to be worthy to
"cast off sin inwardly and outwardly. For when a man
"dieth through spiritual slaughter to all the con-
"versation of this temporary life, and when he hath
"committed his life to the life which is after the
"quickening, Divine Grace alighteth upon, him, and he
"is held to be worthy of divine revelations; for the
"impurity of the world is a dark covering to the
"soul, and it prevented! it from discerning spiritual
"meanings."
89. The brethren said, "Can the man who loveth
"money be faithful to the promises?" The old man
said, "If he believeth why doth he possess [anything]?
"Is our hope fixed upon gold? [Page 969] Or is the
"hand of the Lord too short to redeem? He gave us
"the Body of our Lord for happiness, and His holy
"Blood as a drink unto our redemption; and hath He
"kept back from us the loaf of bread and the apparel
"which grow old? He who loveth money hath a doubt
"in his mind concerning God, and he prepareth [the
"means of] life before God giveth them unto him; and,
"although in his words he rejoiceth in the promises,
"he maketh them to be a lie by his deeds. True is
"the word of our Lord, Who said, 'It is as difficult for
"'a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God, as
"'for a camel to go into the eye of a needle;' 1 to
1 St. Matthew XIX. 24.
IO68 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"possess both God and mammon in one abode is im-
"possible. Now those who follow the ascetic life do
"not belong to the things which are seen."
90. The brethren said, "Who is truly the man of
"ascetic excellence?" The old man said, "He who
"at all times crieth out that he is a sinner, and asketh
"mercy from the Lord, whose speech beareth the sense
"of discretion, whose feelings bear the excellence of
"works, who though silent yet speaketh, and who though
"speaking yet holdeth his peace, and whose acts and
"deeds bear good fruit to his temporary life and the
"manifestation of Christ."
91. The brethren said, "Which is the way of life?"
The old man said, "That whereby a man goeth forth
"from this world in his entrance into the other; but if
"a man forsaketh his childhood of humility, and cometh
"to the old age of this world in his love, he revealeth
"the way of life. Now the true departure from [Page
"970] this world is remoteness therefrom."
92. A brother said, "What shall I do to this world
"when it troubleth me?" The old man said, "The
"world troubleth thee because the cares thereof are in
"thy mind, and love therefor is in thy body, and its
"delights are in thy heart. Let the world depart from
"thee, and tear out from thee all the roots (or, branches)
"thereof, and lo, the war thereof will cease from thee.
"For as long as thy body seeketh [its] pleasures, and
"its lust is of the world, it is impossible for thee to live."
93. The brethren said, "What is pure prayer ?"
The old man said, "That which is of few words and
"is abundant in deeds. For if [thy] actions be not
"more than thy petition, thy prayers are mere words
"wherein the seed of the hands is not; and if it be
"not thus, why do we ask and not receive, since the
"mercy of Grace aboundeth. The manner of the penitent
"is one thing, and the labour of the humble is another;
"the penitent are hirelings, but the humble are sons."
94. The brethren said, "By what is the love of
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1069
"money produced?" The old man said, "From lust,
"for except a man lusteth he will not possess | money),
"and if he doth not possess [money] he will not lust.
"When a man lusteth he possesseth [money], and having
"acquired it he fulfilleth his lust; and having fulfilled
"his lust, he becometh greedy, and having become
"greedy he committed! fraud; and having committed
"fraud his possessions increase, and when his posses-
sions have increased love becometh little in him.
"And when love hath diminished [Page 971] the re-
"membrance of God is wanting in the heart, and the
"intelligence becometh darkened, and his power of
"discernment becometh blinded, and when the power
"of discernment hath become blinded, the power of
"distinguishing is darkened, and when the power of
"distinguishing hath become darkened, the soul goeth
"blind. And when the soul hath become blind good-
"ness is rooted out therefrom, and wickedness entereth
"in, and sin hath dominion ; and when . sin hath ob-
tained dominion the thought of God is blotted out,
"the passions of the body are roused up, and they seek
"for the means for working out their needs. And when
"they have obtained that which they seek it becometh
"necessary for much money to be gathered together,
"and when money hath multiplied the_ pleasure of the
"body is fulfilled, and a man eateth, and drinketh, and
"committeth adultery and fornication, and he lieth and
"acteth fraudulently, and transgresseth the covenant,
"and he destroyeth the Law, and despiseth the pro-
mises, and lust is fulfilled, and God is wroth. For if
"the lust for the things which are seen be hated in our
"sight, we shall not love money, but if we perform the
"lust of the flesh it is necessary to love money, because
"it belongeth to the flesh and not to the spirit, even as
"the Apostle said, 'The flesh hurteth the spirit, and the
"'spirit the flesh, and both are opponents each of other.'"
1 Galatians v. 17.
IO7O QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
95. The brethren said, "What kind of prayer is
"that which is not acceptable before God?" The old
man said, "[The prayer for the] destruction of enemies.
"When we ask that evil things [may come] upon those
"who do harm to us, and for bodily health, and abund-
"ance of possessions, and fertility in respect of children,
"these requests are not acceptable before God. [Page
"972] If God beareth with us, who are sinners and who
"offend him, how much more is it right that we should
"bear each with the other? It is, then, not meet that we
"should ask for the things which concern the body,
"for the wisdom of God provideth everything [neces-
"sary]."
96. The brethren said, "What is purity of soul?"
The old man said, "Remoteness from anger, and the
"error of remembrance of evil things, being weaned
"from a bitter disposition, friendliness towards our ene-
"mies, peace which is superior to troubling, and sincere
"love which is above the world; by means of these
"the hidden man is purified, and he putteth on Christ,
"and is redeemed."
97. The brethren said, "What is envy?" The old
man said, "Hatred towards the virtues of others,
"and wickedness towards the good, and a bitter dis-
position towards the innocent, and anger against
"those who are prosperous in this world, and the
"concealment of the upright acts and deeds of the
"penitent, and vexation at the peace of the friends of
"God."
98. The brethren said, "In what way ought we to
"pray before God?" The old man said, "For the
"repentance of sinners, and the finding of the lost, and
"the drawing nigh of those who are afar off, and
"friendliness towards those who do us harm, and love
"towards those who persecute us, and sorrowful care
"for those who provoke God to wrath. And if a man
"doeth these things truly and with a penitent mind, the
"sinners will often gain life, and the living soul will be
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. IO7I
"redeemed. Now the prayer which our Lord delivered
"to us as to the needs of the body, is one which applieth
"to the whole community, [Page 973] and it was not
"uttered for the sake of those who are strangers to
"the world, and with whom the pleasures of the body
"are held in contempt. He in whose habitation (or, life)
"the kingdom of God and his righteousness are found
"lacketh nothing, even when he asketh not."
99. The brethren said, "What is remoteness from
"the world?" The old man said, "The thought which
"vanquisheth the love of the body, for if the body be
"not trodden down by the lust of patient endurance, a
"man cannot conquer in the fight."
100. The brethren said, "Can the soul of a man who
"is held fast in the love of the things which are seen
"be pleasing unto God?" The old man said, "Who is
"able to live in chastity when the body is making de-
"mands upon him? Or, how can be found the love
"of our Lord in the soul which hath its abode with
"the things which are seen and are corruptible? No
"man can serve two masters, and the soul cannot please
"God with spiritual excellence so long as the remem-
"brances of corruptible things are in its mind, for the
"mind of the flesh is not able to please God; except
"the world dieth out of the heart humility cannot live
"therein, and except the body be deprived of its lusts,
"the soul cannot be purified from thoughts."
101. The brethren said, "Why is the mind disturbed
"at the meeting with females?" The old man said,
"Because they are employed in the fulfilment of the
"lust of nature. When the gaze falleth upon the struc-
ture which [is intended for] the production of children,
"and for the pleasure of the body, the poison of olden
"time [Page 974] seizeth upon a man, and the law of
"his will becometh confused; now the will conquereth
"nature, not by the stirring up of the passions, but
"by the fulfilment of works. The humble by the
"power of our Lord conquer everything by their love
IO72 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"through the patient endurance of the merit of our
-Lord."
102. The brethren said, "Who is the mightier man?
"He who is remote from the world, or he who dwel-
"leth therein?" The old man said, "The mighty man,
"wheresoever he dwelleth, conquereth whether he be
"in the world or out of it. Now the Fathers departed
"to the desert place which was free from noise and
"tumult, because they were afraid that so long as they
"abode in the body the passions which afflicted them
"would: cleave unto them; but those who have com-
pleted the great strife of their contest in the world
have performed] an act of grace the power whereof
lath worked, and still worketh, for the help and
"benefit of the community. And verily their crown
"shall be a great one, because into the disturbed
"and troubled sea of the world their spiritual ship,
"which was on its way to heaven along the straight
"path which was full of fear, hath not gone down."
103. The brethren said, "If a man maketh himself
"a stranger to the world, is it helpful to his soul?"
The old man said, "If it fulfilleth with praise it is
"helpful, and if it endureth tribulation in chastity, and
"rejoice'th in our Lord, it is beneficial, but it is not,
"if it doeth away the good seed and preventeth it from
"producing beloved fruit unto God. If it beareth and
"is blessed, it hath a reward, but if it lack these things it
"becometh a wandering to the mind, and a sight which
"is profitless ; but best of all these things [Page 975] is
"the tranquillity of the mind which is nigh unto God."
104. The brethren said, "Since all the creatures
"which God hath made are holy, why were the Fathers
"in the habit of making the sign of the blessed Cross
"over such of them as they ate as food?" The old
man said, "Verily, all God's creatures are pure, through
"the Grace of Him that created them, yet, because
"sin obtained dominion, everyone of them became pol-
luted; then came the advent of our Lord and ab-
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1073
"rogated sin, and righteousness obtained dominion, and
"everything became sanctified, whether it was in the
"heaven or on the earth. But because the blessed
"Fathers knew the harmful disposition of Satan, who
"even by means of such things as are used as food
"carrieth on a war to our injury, they sealed their foods
"with the holy sign of the Great Cross, that they
"might bring to nought all the crafts of the Calum-
niator. For one of the old men said, 'On one oc-
"'casion, when I was lying down at night, I thirsted
"'for water to drink. And there was near me a holy
" 'man who lived chastely, and he saw me take up a
" 'vessel of water to drink without having made over
"'it the sign of the Cross. And he said unto me,
" ' 'Wait, master, wait/ and he made the sign of the
" 'Cross over it, and straightway there fell from the
'"vessel the Calumniator in the form of a flash of fire;
"'and both he and I saw this, and we marvelled at
" 'the great power of the Redeemer, and at the wonder-
" 'ful sign of His merit.' Another version of the
"story reads: [Page 976] And one of the Fathers said,
"'On one occasion I was lying down at night, and I
" 'thirsted for water to drink. And there was near me
"'a certain widow, who led a chaste life, both when
"'she was with her husband, and afterwards, and she
'"said to me, 'Wait, master, wait,' and she made the
"'sign of the Holy Cross over the vessel of water,
" 'and straightway the Calumniator fell from the vessel
"'in the form of a flash of fire; and both she and I
" 'saw it, and we marvelled at the great power of our
"'Redeemer, and at the wonderful sign of His merit.'
"These things were indeed spoken by that holy mouth
"which was remote from falsehood. Therefore we
"must necessarily do this (i. <?., make the sign of the
"Cross over our food) for the protection of our life.
"For against this holy woman, who did these things,
"the Enemy waged war openly, according to what I
"have learned from a certain saint, a chosen man of
yyy
10/4 QUESTIONS OF THE BRETHREN,
"God, who heard the matter from her own mouth, and
"he spake thus: The blessed woman spake unto me,
"saying, One day I went to the house of God, and
"Satan drew nigh, and said unto me, Why dost thou
"pray like a man, and say, Glory be to the Father,
"and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost? And I said
"unto him, If I am not to pray thus, how shall I pray?
"And the blessed woman said, Satan said unto me,
"Pray thus, and say, Glory be unto thee, O Mary,
"mother of Christ. Then I answered and said unto
"him, [There are] ashes in thine eyes, O Satan. Why
"should I forsake the Lord and [Page 977] adore the
"mother? And Satan disappeared. And the blessed
"man also said unto me, This same old woman said
"unto me: On another occasion I went to church
"according to custom, and I knelt down and prayed,
"and then the Enemy came and made blind mine eyes,
"and I could not see, and I called to one of the women,
"and she led me to my house. After three days Satan
"departed from before mine eyes, and he began to go
"away from before me, and then I said unto him,
"There is something which I must make thee do. Go
"thou to the place where thou didst seize upon me;
"and we went to the church, both he and I, and I left
"him where he seized upon me. Then I went away
"a short distance, and when I turned and looked at
"him I saw that he was standing like a shadow; and
"I went on again, and then turned, and still I saw him.
"And I shut the door of the temple and went forth,
"and then I opened [it again and went in, and I saw
"him still standing [there], and at that time his wiles
"ceased from me. Such were the great things which
"happened to that blessed old woman. For the monk
/must not boast himself over the man who liveth in
"the world, for there are mighty men in the world;
"for if such qualities are found in Eve, how much
"greater ones should be found in the Adam which is
"redeemed by Adam?"
AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS. 1075
"One of the Fathers said unto me, One night whilst
"I was sleeping, the Enemy came and smote me, and
"said unto me, Get thee into the world and cultivate
"righteousness, for why dost thou shut thyself up like
"a beast in caves? And knowing the wickedness of
"the Enemy, who was looking at me with an evil eye,
"I made the sign of the Cross [Page 978] in his face,
"and he fled from me. Then he waited a few days,
"and came and smote me on the neck, and said unto
"me mockingly, Now thou art a righteous man, rise
"up, and get thee into the world, that I may not
"destroy thee; and having prayed, and made the sign
"of the Cross over my face, he departed from me.
"And a little while afterwards he came again, and sat
"upon my neck; then I made myself bold, and stood
"up, and made the sign of the Cross, the emblem of
"merit, before him, and again he disappeared, for he
"was unable to resist me. For all these things took
"place, and happened in very truth, and we may there-
fore know and understand that there is no rule of
"life in which God so much rejoiceth, or which is so
"terrible unto the devils and unto all evil spirits, as
"the rule of humility, and penitence of mind, and the
"subjection of the body, and remoteness from the
"things which are seen. Whosoever -jiespiseth these
"things will fall into the mire of the world; and who-
"soever holdeth in contempt the good riches of the
"fear of God, shall have his hope of the inheritance
"of the saints cut off, and of the delights of heaven,
"which never- pass away and never end. May we all
"be held worthy of these through the grace and mercy
"of our Lord Jesus Christ, the True God, to Whom,
"with His Father, and the Holy Spirit, be glory, now,
"and always, and for ever and ever! Amen."
INDEX.
Aaron, the high priest, 581, 940,
1035, 1060.
Abban, Abba 515.
Abhila, Abba 594.
Abhtrya 237.
Abigail 756.
Ablavius 245.
Abraham, the Patriarch, 158,
535.581,634,818,922, 1002.
Abraham, Abba, disciple of
Sisoes, 613, 615, 623, 708,
725, 773, 816, 817, 846, 847,
891, 908, 939.
Abraham, the Egyptian 201.
Abraham Kindonaya 1009.
Achilles, Abba 894.
Acre 544.
Actor, the converted, 288.
Adam, 346, 421, 798, 981, 1074.
Adelphius 235.
Adlep, Bishop, 729.
Adolius 326.
Aelia 239.
Aenesius 283.
Africa 107, 243.
Agathon, Abba 607, 614, 640,
641, 643, 644, 686, 689, 703,
713, 730, 731,751,774,843,
889, 908, 909, 913, 929, 953,
954, 957, 964-
Agios 144.
Agostalios 235.
Ahron, the Alexandrian, history
of, I97ff.
Akhila Abba 860.
Akhmim 211.
Akila 670, 726.
Akileos, Abba, 894.
'Akur 544.
Alania 107.
Alaricus 243.
Albinis 198.
Albinus 198.
Albina 238. 244.
Aleppo 345. 347.
Alexander, Abba, 622, 685, 689,
690, 699, 700, 766.
Alexandria, city of Egypt, 55,
82, 84, 99, 100, 128, 129,
134, 136, 139, H3, 148, 150,
152, 156, 166, 225, 231, 235,
260, 261, 291, 297, 299, 304,
311, 401, 420,421, 509, 571,
582, 639, 668, 678, 689, 699,
748, 805, 809, 865, 870, 942,
963-
INDEX.
1077
Alexandra, history of the maid,
138.
Alexandrian, history of a young,
A 310.
Aliboni 175.
Alipius 257.
Almina 238.
Alompis 257.
Alonis, Abba 603, 604, 713,
765, 840, 842.
Amahteos 294.
Amatus 294.
Ammantalida 229.
Ammon of Thebai's, Abba of
30,000 monks, 514.
Ammon and Theodore 72, 73,
74-
Ammon and Apollo 538 ff.
Ammon of Nitria, 145, 577.
Ammon of Nitria, (another) 578.
Ammon of Ritheaon 790.
Ammon, Abba, history of, 146,
590, 630, 632, 650, 660, 667,
668, 670, 693, 720, 721, 741,
754, 790, 825, 826, 837, 854,
869, 893, 907, 919, 927, 930,
95i, 956, 9<5o> 1045, 1052,
1053-
Ammon, desert of, 443.
Ammonius, disciple of Pambo,
brands his members, 152,235.
Ammonius, Bishop, 149, 151.
Ammonius and Evagrius 193.
Amonis, Bishop, 149, 151.
Amonis, Abba, 919.
Amos, the Prophet, 231.
Ampikos, Abba, 754.
Ananias 789.
Anbastfon, Abba 818.
Ancyra 251, 253.
Anicetus 778.
Anthony, the Great, Life of,
i ff. ; mentioned or quoted,
134, 137, 145, 152, 165, 184,
186, 187, 188, 193, 209, 210,
265, 294, 296, 297, 298, 299,
301, 302, 306,310,428, 570,
594, 597, 604, 605, 6 1 1, 620,
628, 642, 651, 659, 671, 673,
710, 722, 741, 767, 791, 792,
794, 805, 806, 8 1 8, 824, 825,
828, 832, 844, 845, 846, 854,
863, 869, 873, 875, 879, 880,
886, 902, 908, 918, 930, 935,
93 6 > 95i 959, 1002, 1006,
1049, 1055, 1058, 1059; his
dress 58; cures, 59, age 61,
sight of 71, death of iO2ff.
Antichrist 197, 238.
Antinoe 229, 273, 276, 335, 5 19.
Antioch 243, 344, 759.
Ants' nest, the, 351.
Apellen, Abba, History of,
540 ff., io?3.
Apollinarius 343.
Apollo, Abba 415, 725.
Apollo, martyr, 582.
Apollo of Acre 544.
Apollo of Hermopolis 520.
Apollonius 156.
Apollos 49.
Apos, Abba 598.
Apronianus 237.
Aproniya 237.
Aquileia 236.
Arabia 687.
io;8
INDEX.
Arabs 59, 60, 347, 348, 673.
Arcadius, Emperor, 638.
Archelaus Kosos 74.
Area, Abba, 939.
Areus, Abba, 615.
Arianism 83.
Arians, 82, 96, 103, 105, 225, 226.
Ark of the Covenant 868.
Arm aye 84.
Arsenius 234, 437, 589, 591,
592, 594, 597, 601, 604, 605,
620, 622, 626, 629, 634, 636,
638, 653, 656, 668, 669, 670,
685, 689, 699, 700, 742, 743,
754 761, 766,767,798,816,
819, 821, 829, 882, 883,929,
948, 961, te2, 1003, 1026,
1046, 1049.
Arsinoites 581.
Arsisius 144; his soul carried
to heaven 145.
Asar-Hapi 144.
Ascalon 964.
Askelon 239.
Asp and Pachomius 191.
Assyrians 35.
Aswan 56.
Athanasius, Archbishop of
Alexandria, 45, 130, 137, 148,
225, 226, 307, 917.
Athens 288, 289, 291.
Athliba 829.
Athlibis 211.
Athri, Abba, 819.
Athribis 211, 829.
Atrepe 211.
Augustus the governor 235.
Aurelius 326, 915.
Avita 238.
'Awsabh 674.
Babel 521, 853.
Babhlona 294.
Babylon of Egypt, 294, 521,
582, 639, 740.
Babylon of Mesopotamia 605,
783, 942, 1059.
Balacius 99.
Balak, Duke, 100.
Barsis, Rabba, 144.
Basil, Mar, 340, 936, 1033.
Basil a copyist 240.
Batimis 934, 935.
Batmis 764, 860.
Battimion, Abba, 594.
Beatitudes, the, 198.
Beharkala 294.
Benjamin, son of Jacob, 957.
Benjamin, Abba, iSSff., 617,
910, 954, 1047.
Benus, Abba, 515.
Besarion '(or, Bessarion), history
of, 375; his miracles 377
3795603,754, 800,930, 1 01 2,
1014, 1015, 1049.
Bessarion and Thaisis 208.
Bethlehem 262.
Bethka'ya 442.
Betionius 764.
Bicaria 245.
Bishop, the, who fell, 408.
Bithynia 112, 260.
Bitimis 764.
Blemmyes 460, 461.
Book of the Gospels 279, 341,
422.
INDEX.
1079
Book of Life 44.
Book of Paradise 1028.
Book of Psalms 413.
Book of Wisdom 940.
Bosphoria 251.
Bread of Saint Anthony 186.
Brethren, the three, 580.
Broken, Monastery of the 176.
Brother who denied Christ 410.
Brothers, the two Persian, 391.
Busar 69.
Busiris 69, 144.
Butler, Dom Cuthbert, 1 1 1, etc.
Bytinius 371.
Caesarea 202, 207, 235, 237,
250.
Campagna I2O.
Campania 243, 244.
Cancer 179.
Candida, history of, 248.
Canopus 639, 668.
Capiton, history of, 276.
Cappadocia 250.
Carbuncle 199.
Castration of Elijah 212.
Cells, the 171, 175, 342, 388,
598, 600, 606, 610, 611, 615,
617, 618, 639,642,670,683,
725, 737, 831,835,860,963.
Centaur and Anthony 303.
Chaeremon, Abba 652.
Chaereum 100.
Cherub 903.
Cherubim 985.
Childbirth, monk assists at, 254.
Chronius 264, 265.
Chrysoroan 377.
Chrysostom 130, 1033.
Circus 199.
Clement 231.
Clima 200.
Colluthus 230.
Constans 94.
Constantine, Emperor, 94, 280,
340, 459-
Constantine the Less 225, 226.
Constantinople 112, 154, 245,
691, 738, 935-
Constantinus the Assessor 245.
Constantius 94, 225, 226.
Contemplation, Sayings on 589.
Cook and Pachomius 445.
Copres 558, 567, 677, 780, 917.
Corinthian 195.
Corinthians 231.
Cornelius 301.
Cosmas, history of, 416.
Crocodile and Apellen 542.
Cronius, priest of Nitria, 293,
299, 580, 681, 737, 868, 869.
Cross, use of name and symbol
of, 62, 87, 88, 92, 93, 134, 162,
427, 492, 5$ T > 8 78, 1075-
Cush 143.
Cyprus 760.
Cyzicus 343.
Dabha (Lycus river) 72.
Dakkeh 56.
Dalgaw 511.
Dalmatia 243.
Daniel the Prophet 95, 286,
623, 873, 708, 985-
Daniel, Abba, 420, 617, 629,
664, 688, 689, 700, 709,
io8o
INDEX.
740, 773, 816, 821, 845, 956,
961.
Daniel Parnaya 819.
David, King of Israel, 81, 140,
269, 574, 756, 812, 818, 823,
891, 918, 1002, 1035.
Deacon in Egypt, history of,
407.
Dead Sea 285.
Decius, Emperor, 301.
Dekapolis 574.
Delta 211.
Derneskenyanos 469.
Demetrius, Bishop, 130.
Devils, the seventy, 174; they
tempt Anthony 47; of fire 171.
Dew collected by Ptolemy 200.
Dibha 148, 149.
Dikapolis 581.
Didymus, history of, 136, 154.
Didymus, history of, 579.
Diocles 275 ff., 1007, 1009.
Diogenes 124.
Dionysius, Bishop who was
crowned 261.
Dioscorus, Bishop, 149.
Dioscurus 155, 234, 611, 919.
Dioscurus of Thebai's, with 100
monks, 556.
Disciple, triumph of a, 3i8ff.
Disciple, triumph of a, 322.
Disciple, triumph of a, 323.
Domnin 291.
Domyanos 943.
Dorotheos, history of, 131; the
priest, 274.
Dorotheus, who kept Elijah's
nunnery, 213.
Dorotheus 1045.
Dosphoria 251.
Dracontius 149.
Dropsy 155.
Dudima 154.
Dula 377.
Ear, the left cut off by Timothy,
153-
Ebhlebhis 245.
Edessa 277, 278, 347.
Eden 159; Paradise of, 145.
Egypt 26, 64, 69, 70, 75, 91,
101, 105, 161, 173, 200, 239,
243, 321, 342, 361, 378, 407,
417, 456, 483, 485, 488, 493,
526, 565, 567; Upper, 227.
Egyptians 103, 296, 297, 301,
537-
Egyptian gods described 526.
Ekloniya 236.
Elephant 173.
Elephantiasis 173.
Eli 625, 947.
Elijah the Prophet 17, 41, 159,
301, 307, 513, 519, 533, 711,
8 1 8, 960, 1002.
Elijah, Abba, Sayings of, 863,
878, 891, 926, 929.
Elijah of the Mount of Olives
285.
Elijah of Antinoe 519.
Elijah, who built a nunnery 211.
Elarikhos 243.
Elpidius, history of, 282, 283.
Embalming 103.
Emma Talida, history of, 229.
Ephraim of Edessa, 277.
INDEX.
1081
Epiphanius, Abba, 623, 624,
625, 626, 697, 698, 943, 944.
Epiphanius, Bishop of Cyprus,
760.
Epiphany 173.
Esau 249, 272.
Eskitikin of Pachomius 432.
Eskition 480.
Estapana 154, 192, 265.
Estarl>ma 905.
Estoris 689.
Espir 294.
Ethiopia 143, 530.
Ethiopians 530, 776, 777.
Ethiopian damsel and Pacho-
mius, 191.
Eucarpus 266, 403.
Eucharistos 804.
Eugenia 641, 698.
Eugenius the tyrant 510.
Eulogius and the Arian, 293 fif.
554-
Eulogius of Constantinople 691,
692.
Eunomius 343.
Eunuchs 244.
Euorghanis 149.
Eupraxius 757.
Euprepius, Abba, 687.
Eusebius, Bishop, 55, 149.
Eusebius the prefect 225.
Eustathius the Reader 207, 283.
Euthemis, Bishop, 149.
Eutymius 149.
Evagrius, 154, 176, 193, 198,
256, 257, 265, 291, jffi 343,
401, 402, 406, 06, 882, 997,
1006, 1007, ion, 1017, 1019,
IO20, 1043, 1046, IO47, 1048.
1049, 1058; triumphs of, $71^
Eve 981, 1074.
Ewargenis, Ewarghents, 250,
256.
Ezekiel the Prophet 985.
Famine in Edessa 278.
Famine and Pachomius 455.
Fast of Forty Days 172, 176,
177, 327.
Fasting 172; Sayings on 607.
Fathers, Sayings of, 5 89 fif.
Fathers, the two naked, 358.
Fathers, the naked, 360, 361.
Fig-tree and Pachomius 469.
Fire, the devils of, 171.
Fish and heresy 76.
Fornication, three-fold nature
of, 190.
Fruits, dried, 196.
Gabriel, Archangel, 812, 822.
Gaddai 285.
Gaddanus 285.
Galatia 257.*
Galatia Secunda 130.
Galatians 257.
Galatiya 243.
Gallia 256.
Gangrene 193.
Garlic 526.
Gaul 243.
Gebel 674.
Gehazi 167.
Gehenna 19, 399, 705, 934.
Gelasia, history of, 249.
Gentiles 403.
1082
INDEX.
Geomastiki 143.
Gihon 38, 46.
Gizeh 582.
Gnat 173.
Granaries of Joseph 582.
Great Sabbath 618.
Greeks 87, 301, 345, 537, 747.
Gregory, Abba, 823, 936.
Gregory Nazianzenus 240, 340.
Hannah 962.
Hanton, Monastery of, 748.
Harbelaye 924.
Harlot and Serapion 413.
Harlot and subdeacon 414.
Harlots 199.
Hatil, Abba, 791.
Healing, gift of, 187.
Hebrews 198.
Hekham 145.
Helenopolis in, 112, 1000.
Helit, Abba, 791.
Hellas 288.
Herakleans 924.
Herakleia 294, 548.
Hercules 189.
Hermopolis 234; visited by
Christ, 520.
Hero the Alexandrian 197, 266.
Heronion and Bosphoria 251.
Heru-sa-Ast 144.
Hezekiah 1035.
Hieronymus 183, 310, 585, 1047,
1 05 3 ; his history of the monks
483 ff.
Hieronymus the Grammarian
263.
Hilarion, Abba, 846, 877.
Hippolytus 231.
Holy Ghost, revelation of, 41.
Honorius, Emperor, 638.
Hophni 625, 947.
Hon, Abba, 670.
Huldah 962.
Hyaena and Macarius 182.
Hyaena and Pachomius 191.
Hyparchus 701.
Ilios 239.
lliu 666.
Illyricum 107.
India 38.
Innocent I. 130.
Innocent the priest 280 ff.
Ironamis 183.
Ironomos 263.
Isaac, Abba, 610, 639, 641, 683,
737, 774, 864, 924, 925, 928,
929, 932.
Isaiah, Prophet, 198, 430, 530,
768, 985, 1028.
Isaiah, Abba, 608, 622, 894,
1010, 1017, 1054.
Isaiah the Confessor 569.
Isaiah and Paesius 157.
Isidore, Abba, 128, 150, 601,
633, 657, 660, 753, 771, 887,
909, 913, 1010, 1053.
Isidore the Confessor 234.
Isidore, hospital-keeper, 141.
Isidore, Monastery of, 555.
Isidore, priest of Scete, 331.
Israel, 54, 174, 361, 526, 831.
Isokoron 872.
Italy 236, 263.
Iwarghanis 150, 151, 154, 155.
INDKX.
I08 3
Jacob the Patriarch 6, 54, 81,
837, 860, 1017.
Jacob, Abba, 687, 831, 856.
Jambres 173.
James the Lame 265, 1006.
Jannes 173.
Jeremiah the Prophet 199.
Jericho 282, 286.
Jerusalem 236, 327, 495, 534,
SSL 759, 937. 939, 9AP-
Jerusalemites 297.
Jews 152, 285, 536.
Joab 918.
Job the Prophet 36, 155, 271,
499, 873.
Job, Abba, 616, 676, 680, 749,
807, 838, 874, 933, 949-
John, Abba, 405, 616, 621, 661,
690, 745, 756, 769, 779, 799,
800, 803, 825,827,831,856,
857, 860, 878, 889, 891, 967.
John Chrysostom 260, 996.
John Colobus (or, Kolobos) 652,
756,853,855,858,877, 1060.
John, Disciple of Macarius, 167.
John of Dikapolis 581.
John of Lycus 255, 261, 335,
378, 4 89ff.
John of the desert of Syria 544.
John of Thebais 997.
John the Evangelist 124.
John the Baptist 281, 301, 307.
John the Less, 605, 606, 607,
611, 629, 650,751,753,754,
837, 95.
John the Persian 687.
Jordan 285, 369, 1037.
Joseph the Patriarch 582, 656,
783,942,957, 1017; he drank
wine 124.
Joseph, Abba, 595, 617, 621,
662, 672, 684, 691, 692, 707,
731, 750, 767,768,796,837,
842, 843, 863, 876, 890, 891,
892, 893, 897,931,932,950,
964, 966, 1 002, 1043.
Joseph 719.
Joseph of Ramah 626.
Joshua, son of Nun, 29, 282, 929.
Jubinus 239.
Judah, the Apostle, 51, 272,
997-
Judea 907.
Julian, Emperor, 137, 521, 522,
802.
Juliana, history of, 250.
Jupiter 296.
Kalmira 200.
Kantirsa 674.
Kapiton 276.
Karnios 264, 265.
Karnon, Abba, 68 1.
Katoniya 2437
Kenneshrin 345.
Kerion, Abba, 962.
Khroaos 100.
Khronis 144.
Khsibhne 345.
Kiopre, Abba, 686.
Kiopros 677, 917, 919.
Kirion, Abba, 896.
Klimax 200.
Klimis (Clement) 231.
Kopris, history of, 558flf.
Kosma 416.
1084
INDEX.
Kozma 416.
Kronin 868.
Ksuprutipon 263.
Kurinos 299.
Kush 530.
Kushaye 489.
Kusnatis 94.
Kustos 94.
Laban 81, 1017.
Ladder, name of a place,
200.
Laodicea 343.
Lausus in, 112, 116, 128, 165,
183, 482, 589, iooo; Counsels
of Palladius to, u/ff.
Lazarus 281, 659, 922.
Leah 1017.
Lebhona 150.
Leper and Eulogius 294.
Leprosy 167.
Levites 825.
Libya 120, 150.
Libyans 192, 333.
Linopolis 810.
Lion and Sabas 286.
Lions bury Paul, 309.
Longinus, Abba, 748, 749, 897.
Lot 536; wife of, 29.
Lot, Abba, 684, 718, 889, 890,
893.
Lucius, Abba, 897.
Luk 594.
Luke, Evangelist, 199.
Luki, Abba, 1057.
Lycopolis 82.
Lycus 255, 335, 379, 489,
574-
Macarius the Alexandrian 165,
171, 920; visits garden of
Jannes, 174.
Macarius the Egyptian, disciple
of Anthony, 165, 358, buries
Anthony, 294, 296, 297;
accused of fornication, 417;
history of, 421.
Macarius, Abba, 594, 601, 605,
609, 613, 634, 635, 637, 645,
646, 647, 659, 670, 695, 721,
739, 743, 744, 77, 793, 806,
809, 822, 829, 830, 841, 846,
866, 867, 875, 880, 881, 883,
885, 886, 896,914,915,929,
937, 962, 1007, ion, 1013,
1014, 1016, 1023, 1046, 1051,
1054.
Macarius and the two young
men 371.
Macarius of Bicaria(?) 245.
Macarius, the child of his Cross,
1 60.
Macarius, the hospital keeper,
139-
Macarius, priest of the Cells,
196, 300.
Madness of Valens 197.
Magatis, Rabba, 900.
Maghana 252.
Magistrinus thrown to beasts
231.
Magna 252.
Makhsime 256.
Malcha 344.
Malchus 344, 357.
Man of nine virtues 379.
Manichaeans 124.
INDEX.
I08 5
Manilius 794.
Marcellinus 234.
Marcianus, Abba, 857.
Marcionites 799.
Mare, woman transformed into,
1 68.
Mareotis, Lake, 143, 160, 192,
575-
Maria 143.
Maria, history of, 383.
\Mark, disciple of Abba Syl-
V vanus, 662, 663..
^wMark the Less 427.
Mark the solitary 3448".
Mark the mourner 300.
Mark the Monk 1024.
Marmarica 192.
Maronia 344.
Martha 815.
Martinianus 58.
Martininos 58.
Martinyana 1026.
Martiyana 1025.
Mary, sister of Lazarus, 815.
Mary the' Virgin 932.
Mary 804.
Maryana 383.
Matoais (Muthues), Abba, 632,
674, 731, 746,768,769,779,
831, 836, 856, 863, 886, 924,
959-
Matthew the Evangelist 1003.
Mauritanians 143.
Maximinus, Emperor, 55, 134.
Maximus the rebel 256.
Melania the great, 112, 138,
139, 149; history of, 234 ff.;
275; receives Evagrius 342;
her sheep skin 182; story of
Pambo 150.
Melania the Less 241 ff., 274.
Melchisedek 677; heresy con-
cerning 420.
Meletian heretics 82.
Meletinians 103.
Meletius, Bishop of Lycopolis,
82.
Melha (Melania) 138, 139, 149,
150.
Memphis 582, 639.
Meshannayane, the, IOI2.
Mesopotamia 120, 357.
Michael, Saint, 812.
Midianites 773.
Miles, Abba, 794.
Mules heretics 96.
Misericors of Ancyra 253.
Monk, the wandering, 335; who
ate grass 369; who fell 276.
Monks, the 24 grades of, 215.
Moritine 143.
Moses the Prophet 160, 361,
605, 789, 826, 843, 888, 985,
1035, 1047, 1060.
Moses Abba, 658, 707, 736,
750, 765, 796, 798, 849, 884.
Moses the Ethiopian (Indian)
3 2 8, 595, 597, 601, 602, 605,
607, 1003, 1010, ion, 1049,
1059.
Moses the Libyan 333.
Moses of Patara 771.
Mosquitoes 173.
Mount Nitria 143, 144, 148, 149,
155- 156, 175, 234, 293; five
thousand monks at, 157.
io86
INDEX.
Mount of Olives 280, 327, 486.
Muain, Abba, 686.
Muthues 632, 674, 731, 746, 768,
769, 779, 831, 836, 856, 863,
886, 924, 959.
Name of Christ, effect of, 47,
50, 61, 85.
Nastir 602, 640, 641, 672, 818,
869.
Nathaniel 162.
Nativity 172.
Neapolis 729.
Nebaition 778.
Nebhrod 245.
Nebitis, Abba, 778.
Nebridius 245.
Nebuchadnezzar 775.
Nebuzaradan 907.
Nectarius 340.
Needle for palm leaves 195.
Nestir, Abba, 595, 1002.
Nestor 100.
Nestorius, prefect, 99.
Net of Satan 938.
Nethra 342.
Nettra, Abba, 932.
Nicetas, Abba, 696.
Nile 38, 46, 149, 276, 294, 328,
335 526, 574, 648.
Nilus, Abba, 1060.
Ninevites 852.
Nisibis 345.
Nitria 72, 73, 129, 143 ff., 145,
256, 293, 342, 348, 576.
Noah the Patriarch 873.
Noah, Abba, 635.
Nopi 569, 574.
Nubia 56.
Nubians 489.
Nun 29, 282, 929.
Nuzardan 907.
Oasis 366.
Olympias 242, 245 ff.
Onions 526.
'Or, Abba, 149, 569, 633, 670,
^690, 702, 729, 761.
'Or, district of, 544.
'Or of the 1000 monks 510.
Origen 149, 151, 154, 155, 250,
447-
Oxyperentius 263.
Oxyrhyncus 516, 598, 886.
Pa-Asar 144.
Pachomius 145, history of, 189.
Rules of, 214, 215; thirteen
hundred monks in his monas-
tery 217; 432, 433,439,440,
442, 443, 444, 446; his doc-
trine 452; phantom of, 463;
gift of tongues of, 468; his
oratory 473, 620, 621, 703,
1020.
Pachomius and Macarius, 176
178.
Paesius 660.
Paesius and Isaiah 157.
Paitorim 220.
Palladius, details of his life,
119, 120, 121, 131, 143, 171,
183, 262, 273, 480, 589; men-
tioned looo, 1007, 1023.
Palestine 120, 204, 235, 243, 675.
Pambo, Abba, 149, 152, 158,
INDEX.
I08;
159, 234, 235,358,604,639,
641, 666, 693, 708, 709, 728,
798, 803, 842, 854, 870, 889,
IOOI, IO02, IOO4.
Pammachius 244.
Panbis 149.
Panbo (or, Pambo) 149.
Panyanos 238.
Paphnutius, Abba, 182,208,234,
235, 266, 270, 607, 608, 6 1 6,
670, 677, 711,722, 846,907,
912, 925, 950, 1006; history
of, 265.
Paphnutius the confessor 70.
Paphnutius, history of, 548.
Paradise 130, 159, 194.
Paradise, Book of, in, ii4ff.
Paris 154.
Parme 637, 653, 792.
Parmis 780.
Parniton 69.
Parporitos 22O.
Patara 652, 689, 699, 752, 771,
796.
Patermuthis 615.
Patra, Abba, 754.
Patriya 240.
Paul, Saint, 28, 78, 126, 195,
271, 272, 535, 1035, 1062,
1063.
Paul, Abba, 1049.
Paul, prince of monks, 300, 302,
305.
Paul, the Simple, 183^, 428.
Paul, disciple of Anthony, 210.
Paul the confessor 569.
Paul the Galatian 698.
Paul of Dalmatia 243.
Paul, a monk, 915.
Paula, the free woman, 263.
Paule 632, 650, 66 1, 795, 1006.
Paule, son of Innocent, 280.
Paulinists 236.
Pawle 243.
Pebbles, monk with, 390.
Pekios 244.
Pelusium 239.
Pentecost 173, 337, 532, 595.
; Penyane 242.
' Penyaos 244.
Perame 842.
Perme 748.
Persecution of Christians 96.
Persians 236, 345, 802.
Pessinus 130.
Pethgama 374.
Peta-Bast 144
Petarpemotis 558, 560, 561.
Petarpontis 615.
Peter the Apostle 73, 124, 573,
1035-
Peter the Bishop of Alexandria
57-
Peter the Egyptian 263.
Peter a disciple 325.
Petra, Abba, 889.
Petronius 436, 437.
Phantom and Pachomius 463.
Pharaoh 526, 565.
Philagrius 636.
Philemon the Elder 581.
Philemon the singer 583.
Philistines 868.
Phinehas 625, 947.
Phoenix, village of, 264.
Piamon the virgin 227.
io88
INDEX.
Pierius 154, 240.
Pilgarios 636.
Pilison 239.
Pilision 896, 927.
Pinianus 238, 242, 244.
Pior, Abba, 152,648,755,915;
history of, 332 ff.; refuses to
see his sister 333.
Pirme 957.
Pisanis 235.
Pisimos 235.
Pissimus 235.
Pitch, cauldron of, 135.
Piterius 220.
Pithyrion.57O.
Pitor 220.
Plato 124.
Poemen 409, 595, 598, 599,
601, 603, 612, 616, 617, 622,
627, 630, 633, 634, 635, 641,
642, 649, 653, 654, 659, 660,
666, 670, 672, 673, 676, 677,
678, 680, 68 1, 685, 686, 694,
695, 76, 707, 7io, 712, 725,
73 1 , 732, 735,736,744,749,
750, 754, 761, 762, 764, 765,
766, 767, 768, 769, 772, 774,
775, 776, 778, 790, 792, 796,
797, 799, 807, 826, 828, 829,
834, 836, 838, 839, 840, 841,
842, 843, 849, 854, 855, 857,
86 1, 862, 863, 864, 868, 869,
870, 873, 874, 876, 88 1, 883,
884, 887, 888, 903, 904, 910,
912, 913, 914,917,918,929,
93i, 932, 933,949,952,953,
960, 963, 1 002, 1029, 1043.
Poemenia 261.
Polmeste 231.
Polycratia 74, 75.
Pomegranates 174.
Pontius Pilate 188.
Pontus 340.
Poplikos 238.
Porphyrites 262.
Possidonius the Theban 261,
263.
Potamioenia 134.
Potbastos 144.
Prayer, Sayings on, 620.
Proverbs, Book of, 199.
Providence, remarks on, 266
272.
Psalms 440, 44i, 533, 534, 560,
563.
Ptolemy of Scete 200.
Ptolemy the Egyptian 266.
Publicola 238.
Pulakratia 74, 75.
Purpirine 799.
Purte 838.
Pyramids of Gizeh 582.
Pythagoras 1 24.
Quitania 243.
Ramah 626.
Raven 281; feeds Paule and
Anthony 306.
Red Sea 189, 294.
Reeds used to make a road 174.
Re'ith 674.
Relic of John the Baptist 281.
Repentance, Sayings on, 785.
Resurrection 89, 105, 173, 337.
Ritheaon 790.
INDEX.
1089
Romans 120, 163.
Rome 107, 130, 150, 180, 234,
237. 239, 242, 290, 291, 301,
342, 668, 669, 759, 760.
Rosweyde 58, 69, 74, 75, 76,
100, 107, 194, 198, 203, 207,
215, 219, 222, 225, 239, 304,
377, 674-
Rufinus quoted 55; visits Mela-
nia, 236.
Rufinus the consul 239, the
prefect 154.
Rumnin 291.
Sabas of Jericho 286.
Sabhat 286.
Sabinus, Duke of Mesopotamia,
356.
Samson 1035.
Samuel 81.
Sand-flies 173.
Sarah, Emma, 651, 673, 677,
^ 731, 773, 839, 963-
Saranis 840.
Sarmata 592, 593, 792.
Sarnaos, Abba, 616.
Sapphira 789.
Satan, forms of, 42, 43, 49.
Satyr and Anthony 304.
Saul, disciple of Bessarion,
800.
Sayings of the Fathers, the
10600 of, 154; the 250000
of, 241.
Scete 166, 173, 175, 189, 198,
234, 265, 266, 318, 322, 330,
331, 358, 370,371,400,405,
412, 415, 419, 593,594, 595,
596, 605, 606, 610, 611, 614,
634, 635, 638, 639, 645, 650,
652, 654, 657, 666, 675, 677,
679, 690, 721, 728, 730, 732,
736, 742, 745, 762, 768, 774,
779, 780, 798,809,815,817,
870, 875, 876, 885, 886, 887,
893, 894, 896, 900, 902, 907,
928, 929, 933, 934, 950, 967,
1007, 1013.
Scholasticus (Serapion) 95.
Scriptures, Sayings on, 620 fif.
Sebhware 242.
Seleucus, Count, 245.
Senate, Roman, 130.
Serapion, the Bishop, 95.
Serapion, Abba, 144, 234, 636,
925, 1049.
Serapion and the Harlot 413.
Serapion of Arsinoites 581.
Serapion of the Girdle 2876.
Serapion and the virgin of
Rome 292.
Serenus, Abba, 967.
Serpent 70 cubits long 189.
Serpents and-Macarius 175.
Severus 242.
Shaol, Abba, 377.
Shaina 499, 506, 510, 511, 512,
521, 522.
Sheol 117, 337, 346, 406,447,
454, 762.
Shepherds, Monastery of, 262.
Sicily 238, 243.
Sikilia 238.
Silikiya 243, 244.
Silk raiment 242.
Simeon, son of Jacob, 957.
logo
INDEX.
Simeon, friend of Peter the
Egyptian, 263.
Simon, Abba, 599, 747, 749,
881.
Simon Stylites 1049.
Sinai 161, 416, 795, 815, 898,
93 2 937-
Sinner, story of the burial of,
439-
Sinu, Abba, 632.
Sisinnius 284.
Sisoes, Abba, 590, 592, 593,
594, 604, 61 1, 612, 613, 615,
617, 621, 623,631,632,649,
650, 665, 671, 672, 673, 686,
708, 709, 710, 725, 729, 752,
761, 789, 791, 793, 794, 837,
842, 843, 844, 845, 863, 870,
884, 908, 910, 918, 956, 963,
1052, 1053, 1054.
Sisoes of Patara 752.
Sisoes of the Rock 707.
Solomon, son of David, 351,
773-
Solomon of Antinoe 273.
Solomon, Book of Wisdom of,
940.
Spain 107, 243.
Sponges 200.
Stephana the apostate, 265,400.
Stephen the Libyan 192.
Stephen, author and writer,
154, 240.
Stromata 231.
Syene 120, 489, 573.
Sylvania 239.
Sylvanus, Abba, 427, 616, 662,
663, 692, 789, 815, 833, 879,
884, 889, 893, 898, 899, 932,
^ 955-
Sylvanus the comic singer, 434.
Symmachus 250.
Syria 120, 344, 427, 720, 746,
799, 846.
Syrians 84, 747.
Subdeacon and the harlot 414.
Sumakhos 250.
Swine 36.
Tabenna 120, 145, 172, 176,
214, 22O; histories of monks
of 432ff.; men of 514; 7000
monks of, 217.
Tailor and the nun 218.
Talida 229.
Tamai al-Amdid 95.
Taor, the virgin, 229.
Tarkos 243.
Tarragon 243.
Tarsus 326.
Tebansis 214.
Tehisiya 207.
Temerttha 264.
Th'aisis, history of, 207 211.
Theatre 199.
Thebai'd, Thebai's, 5, 6, 59, 120,
243, 255, 257, 261, 273, 488,
489, 514, 516, 519, 520, 533,
548, 552, 555, 556, 559, 57i,
573, 585, 752, 801, 902, 919,
997-
Thebes 211, 214, 582, 745, 795.
Theodore, Abba, of Parme 72,
73. 553, 594, 601, 637, 641,
652, 653, 674, 687, 723, 728,
732, 737, 738,748,75i,78o,
INDEX.
792, 816, 824, 841, 842, 856,
884, 885, 900, 901, 904, 910,
914.
Theodore, disciple of Ammon,
148.
Theodore of Tabenna 432, 433,
437, 438, 463, 464.
Theodore, interpreter of John
of Lycus, 258.
Theodosius, Emperor, 128, 256,
489, 509, 510, 638.
Theodosius the Less 112,738.
Theodotus, Abba, 615, 956.
Theompitos 422.
Theopemptus 422.
Theon, knew Egyptian, Greek
and Latin languages, 517,
518.
Theona, Abba, 957.
Theophilus, Archbishop, 420,
421, 604, 668,745,767,870,
963-
Theophilus, a name of St.
Anthony 12.
Theosebius 181.
Thessalonica 176.
Therenuthum 875.
Thmuis 95.
Thronon 175.
Timath, Abba, 650.
Timiron 229.
Timothy, Abba, 751, 842, 960.
Timothy, a monk, 916.
Timothy, Patriarch, 152, 689.
Timothy, the Chorepiskopos,
282.
Titianus 224.
Tomarta 264.
Tortoises 134.
Trajan 248.
Trayana 248.
Tree of Good and Evil 194.
Tribune and John of Lycus
490.
Tronttn 875.
Troya 639.
Tunic of Paule 309.
Tyre 890.
Usa (Oasis) 366.
Valens, Emperor, 234.
Valens the Palestinian 194, 195,
266.
Valerianus 301.
Vegetables, used, 444.
Vigil, Sayings on 620; the 20
days' vigil of Macarius 173.
Viper, miracle of, 133.
Virgin and Colluthus 230.
Virgin and Magistrinus 231.
Virgin of Buar 69.
Virgin of Jerusalem 202.
Virgin who hid Athanasius 225;
paralytic, 176; who died in
a cave 370; history of a
certain 394; the "broom" of
the monastery 219; virgin
and the reader 203 207;
virgin and the Psalm-singer
203.
Wadi 'AlaVi 56.
Walis (Valens) 195, 266.
Washing, eschewed by Anthony
and Melania, 240.
1092
INDEX.
Wasps 173.
Water 169, 200.
Weeping, Sayings on, 630.
Yawnan 469.
Yobanyanos 239.
Yolinos 137.
Zacchaeus 1003.
Zakkai of Tabenna 459.
Zechariah, Abba, 60 1, 603, 616,
765, 798, 815, 841, 880, 896,
898, 899, 962.
Zeno, Abba, 675, 733, 747, 779,
A 33 ' 955 '
Zinon 675.
Zion 551, 782.
Zoila, Abba, 622.
Zoilus, Abba, 699, 766.
BIBLE QUOTATIONS.
Genesis
in.
XIX.
i. .
26. .
Page
. . . 270
... 29
Job
V.
VI.
19. .
6. .
Page
. -575
. . .271
Psalm Page
cxix. 165. . . 487,552
cxxv. i 782
XXV.
2 5-
. . . 272
XI.
Sff.
. . . 271
CXXVIII.
5- 537,55
XXV.
27..
. . . 7
XIV.
7. .
... 463
CXXXI.
i. ...
953
XXXVI.
5-
. . . 81
CXLII.
3-
.318
Psalm
CXLVI.
8. ...
. 136
Leviticus
i.
16.
... 268
a.
13-
. . -923
VII.
7. .
. . .892
Proverbs
XVI.
17..
. '. . 153
XVIII.
29. .
. . .840
IV.
23. ...
30
XX.
.7. .
... 46
XIV.
15- -..
.865
Numbers
XXIV.
3.4.
. 140,141
XVII.
22. . . .
. 81
XXIV.
5
. . 54
XXV.
18.
. . . 850
XXIV.
27. ...
. 121
XXXVII.
15-
. . .892
XXXI.
9. . .
. 121
Deuteronomy
XLU.
i. .
... 828
VI.
16. .
. -475
XLVI
IO. .
... 497
Ecctesiastes
LV.
6,7
. . .498
VII.
IS-
195
Joshua
LVII.
6. .
. . . 32
XXIV.
23-
... 29
LXV.
4-
SS 2
Isaiah
1 Samuel
LXV1U.
LXV1II.
l. .
1,2.
... 892
... 26
X.
XI.
!$....
6,7-.
. 670
53
XVI.
12. .
... 81
LXV1II.
31-
... 531
XIV.
13,'S-
. 406
XXV.
24. .
... 756
LXX1II.
22. .
... 870
XIX.
i. ...
. 520
2 Samuel
LXXXUI.
13-
... 892
XXIX.
i,3--
.625
XI.
2 5
... 918
LXXXVI1I.
12. .
... 917
XXXV.
i. ...
525
xc.
IO. .
. . .415
L1V.
i. . . .
525
1 Kings
XC1L
12. .
. . .871
L1V.
13- ...
78
XVIL
I. .
. 17, 7"
XCIV.
II. .
... 865
LXV.
24. ...
13
CL
5-
... 953
Job
CIV.
20. .
. . . 190
Ezekiel
V.
13-
... 865
CXV11I.
10. .
... 26
XXXUI.
II. . . .
431
1094
BIBLE QUOTATIONS.
Daniel
Page
St. Matthew
Page
Romans
Page
VIII.
26. . .
95
XXHI.
8. ...
. ' 198
i.
24
403
XXIV.
23. ...
948
V.
20
526
Hosea
XXV.
35,36. .
255
VIII.
26
455
IV.
12. . .
15
XXV.
36. . . .
. 607
VIII.
39
986
XXV.
40. ...
943
XII.
5
54
Amos
XXVI.
41. ...
. 460
i.
9. . .
. . 870
XXVII.
5- .
5
1 Corinthians
in.
6
49
Ecclesiasticus
St. Mark
in.
18
219
VII.
31.
. . 121
11.
17. ...
. 258
in.
19
865
VIII.
9-
. . 121
ii.
18. ...
. 124
in.
20
865
XIX.
30. . .
. . 127
XIII.
ii. ...
8
IV.
195
XIV.
38. . .
. 460
VI.
9
140
St.
Matthew
VII.
16
242
IV.
3-
. . 270
St. Luke
IX.
24,25. . .
852
IV.
4. . .
541
n.
52. ...
ii
IX.
25,27. . .
126
V.
3-
. 507
in.
4. ...
. 29
X.
3i
702
V.
22. . .
704, 705
IV.
8. ...
43
XIV.
20
865
V.
23, 24.
. . 66
IV.
18. ...
944
XV.
31
28
V.
33. 37-
493
V.
31. ...
. 258
VI.
3-
474
VI.
29. ...
. 651
2 Corinthians
VI.
25,31,
34'- 8
IX.
62. ...
259
VI.
2
461
VI.
33-- -
55, 1030
X.
18. . . .
49
VI.
I4,I5-
529
VII.
2. . .
99
X.
19. ...
538
VI.
18
487
VII.
7. . .
. . 58
X.
20. . . .
. 44
XI.
3
865
VII.
14. . .
. . 498
XI.
9. . . .
58
XII.
2
78
IX.
11. . .
. . 125
XII.
11,22. .
8
XII.
7
272
IX.
12. . .
. . 258
XIII.
25. . . .
45
XII.
10
17
IX.
14. . .
. . 124
XIV.
II. . . .
53
XIII.
5
66
X.
8. . .
. . 98
XVI.
9. ...
. 1031
X.
16. . .
. . 864
XVII.
21. . . .
29
Galatians
X.
18, 19.
. . 125
XVIII.
13. . . .
. 740
in.
28. . . . .
284
X.
22. . .
357
XXII.
40, 46. .
. 460
V.
16
541
X.
42. . .
943
V.
17- .. 966,
1069
XI.
29. . .
. . 113
St. John
V.
22,23.
126
XII.
43-
570
V.
14- ..-
. 272
XIII.
3-
. . 1005
VI.
45-- ..
. 78
Ephesians
XV.
22. . .
756
VIII.
44. ...
493
IV.
26
66
XVII.
20. . .
. . 189
XII.
35- .-
562
VI.
5
348
XVIL
20. . .
. . 562
VI.
12
3i
xtx.
12. . .
759
Acts of the Apostles
VI.
12, 13. . .
78
XIX.
21. . .
. . 311
IV.
32. ...
353
XIX.
21. . .
. . 8
XIV.
22. . . .
. 498
Philippians
XIX.
24. . .
. . 1067
i.
23
121
BIBLE QUOTATIONS.
1095
Philipplans Page 2 Thessalonians p age Titus
it. 3. ... 949 lit 10, . . . . 10 i. 13. .
vi. 14 ..... 67
I Thessalonians
v. H'>, 17, is. . 10 2 Timothy I John
u. 20,21. . . 854 it. is . .
Page
949
xiii. 6 850
. - 2 3 8
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34 1 THE HISTORY OF A BROTHER OF THE MONASTERY.
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THE WORKER FOR VAIN GLORY TO BE DETESTED. 340
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339 A CERTAIN BROTHER ASKS PACHOMIUS A QUESTION.
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