pet
ee
sHeate
TTS OFAN AE ast
Bc
HE present edition of the Sacred Books of the Old Testament in Hebrew
exhibits the reconstructed text on the basis of which the new translation
of the Bible has been prepared by the learned contributors mentioned on the
other page of the cover. It is, therefore, the exact counterpart of the English
edition. Wherever the translation is based on a departure from the Received
Text, the deviation appears here in the Hebrew text. Transpositions in the
translation are also found here in the original.
Departures from the Received Text are indicated by diacritical signs:
<> (z. e. V = Versions) designates a reading adopted on the authority of the
Ancient Versions; © (7. e. c = conjecture), conjectural emendations; and = (7. e,
3 = ps), changes involving merely a departure from the Masoretic points, or
a different division of the consonantal text (e. g. nv. oayat, Eccl. 10,1). A PD |
indicates transposition of the Masoretic pi>Dd 4YD; *« is used in cases where the
‘ip has been adopted instead of the 2.3, and '" for changes introduced on the
strength of parallel passages. Doubtful words or passages are marked with
notes of interrogation (:). Occasionally two diacritical marks are combined,
e. g. **, @. e. deviations from the Received Text suggested by the Versions as
well as by parallel passages; or +>, 7. e. departures from the Masoretic points
supported by the Versions, &c. — In cases where two or three consecutive
words are transposed the traditional sequence is indicated by 1 2 3 &c. respecti-
vely prefixed to the individual words (e. ¢. 13 , 25). Hopelessly corrupt passages
are indicated by «+.+++, while asterisks * * * * point to /acuw#@ in the original.
The text has been left unpointed except in ambiguous cases. The headings
printed in RED (pp. 1.13. 16.17.23.26.27.38), of course, do not constitute a part
of the reconstruction of the original text of the book of Jeremiah but have been
added by Professor CORNILL.
The Ancient Versions are referred to in the Vofes under the following
abbreviations: #l = Masoretic Text; 6 = LXX; € = Targum; 3 = Peshita;
£= Vetus Latina; 3 (7. e. St. Jerome) = Vulgate; A = Aquila; 9 = Theodotion;
Z=Symmachos. .«. denotes the Samaritan recension of the Pentateuch. 6A
means Codex Alexandrinus (A), 6% = Lucianic recension (A), 6M = Ambrosianus
(F; — M = Mediolanensis), 65 = Sinaiticus (&), 6V = Vaticanus (B); €9 is the
Targum of Onkelos, €’= Targum of Pseudo-Jonathan; AV = Authorized Version,
RV = Revised Version, RVM = Revised Version Margin, OT = Old Testament.
It has not been deemed necessary to classify all the divergences exhibited
by the Ancient Versions. As a rule, only those variations have been recorded
on the authority of which an emendation has been adopted by the editor of
the text.
The heavy-faced figures in the left margin of the Votes (1, 2, 3, &c.) refer
to the chapters, the numbers in () to the verses of the Hebrew text. The mark ,
means omit(s) or omitted by.
ae
vw
35
40
Dy JE TBS RE NOIR, YO (OE I BC Ie,
Meassaennsercs
Bible Society
Catalog No.S:1b2eER SIs
Family S GMiIrts
Sub-Family ARA MALAN
Branch HEBRAIC
Group . HEBRAAC
Langu: ge 2 1 BH RAL
Dialect.
Locality -..
Contents dEREMIAN,. Coen
V ersion.. LOTION... OF
eg SN omrm ak CORNILL
Published byt, C. HINRICH S
Place Wea . Ley p2e
Date : eee
Accession No. ..25.%&
Accession Date Den..fS, MIG 2
The Book of Feremiah
CORNILL
VE SACKE DEE OKs
Be Ofd Sestament
A CRITICAL EDITION OF THE HEBREW TEXT
PRINTED IN COLORS, WITH NOTES
PREPARED
Bp eminent Biblical sBofars of Europe and America
UNDER THE EDITORIAL DIRECTION OF
PAUL TAUPRT
PROFESSOR IN THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE
2
PART 11
The Book of Feremiab
BY
C-H-CORNILL
a
Leipzig
J-C:- HINRICHS’SCHE BUCHHANDLUNG
1895
Galtimore London
THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS DAVID NUTT, 270-271 STRAND
Wee eKOYOUS
OF THE
rophet Feremta
CRIMECAL EDITION: OF THE HEBREW TEXT
ARRANGED IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
WITH NOTES
BY
Crt. ©:O RW 1 La, D..P:
PROFESSOR IN THE UNIVERSITY OF KONIGSBERG
English transfation of the Cotes
BY
C - JOHNSTON, PH. D
ASSOCIATE IN THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE
Reipzig
J-C:-HINRICHS’SCHE BUCHHANDLUNG
1895
Baltimore London
THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS DAVID NUTT, 270-271 STRAND
NVI eve
PRINTED BY W- DRUGULIN
PAPER FROM FERD+ FLINSCH
Leipzig
[All rights reserved] 7
EU OLEAN, |
(Chl cacrics
CC, VD.
17,19-24
17 25-27
18, 1-16
18, 17-28
19,1-20,5
20,6
20,7-18
21, 1-4
21, 5-14
22,1-4
22,5-23,6
23,7.8
23,9-40
24
25, 1-16
25, 17-38
26
27
28, 12
28, 15-7
28, 8-17
29, 1-7
29,8 -32
30, 1-6
30,7-31,21
31,22-40
32, 1-11
32, 12-33,1
332-26
34, 1-7
34,8
34,9-22
35, 1-14.
35,15-19
36,1-3
HOGS Feremiah 2<eot-
pp., fe C., VD.
= 38, 17-24. 36,432
= 39,1-6. 3751.2
= 6,26-44. 37,3
7 celine 37,4
27. 3755
= 20,03 37, 0-10
21, 14-26. 37 , 11-38,4
= 20, 36-41. 38, 5-282
= 21, 1-12. 38, 28>
= 18, 26-30. 39, 1.2
= 19. 3953
=F 23, 15-18. 394-13
= 20,135. 39,14
= 17,19-33. 39, 15-18
= 9, 22-33. 40,15
= 10,I-I4. 40,6- 41,16
= 28,539. 41, 17-43,6
= 30,8-34. 43,7-44,23
= 30,8. 44,2430
= 30,3541. 45
= Shi. ns, 46, I-12
= 17,35-41. 46, 13-26
= 18,1-16. 46,2
= 23,26-31. 46,28
= 24. 47, 1-3
= 25,1-21. 47 ,4- 48,43
= 21, 28-35. 48, 44- 49,27
= 22: 49 , 28-33
= 23,1-15, 49,3439
= 31,21-30. 50, I-11
= 31,40. dF 50, 12-51, 5
= SPs 51,6-48
= 15,29-44. 51, 49-64
= 16,1-6. , 51,59-64
= 28,41-44. i 52, 1-19
52,20-34 = 43.
+
HERI
Corrigenda
Page 3, line 6, for iypni read
Page 15, line 6, for
Page 16, line 37, for tenbw read sandy.
al
oot)
b>) read
aa
es
pp., fe.
= 29.
= 32, footnote.
= 31, 32.33.
= Sho.
= Sos,
= 31,3439.
= Serr
= Sy eye
= 33,43.
= 39,8.9.
= 33,43-44-
= 39, 10-22.
= 34,1.2.
= 33, 38-42.
= 39, 22-29.
== 30r I-7
= 10, 16-31.
= 25, 23-38.
= 25, footnote.
= 26, footnote.
= 10,33-35.
== iii
ies
= 13,18.
= 18, 18-24.
= 39,31-42.
= 40.
— ATs
= 42, I-20.
= 31,14-19.
= 42, 22-44.
wpne,
ba.
oH Aeremiah s8abesti- 79
Arrangement of the Tort
In the present edition of the Book of Jeremiah the text is arranged in
chronological order as follows:
T,1.2.4-19 ; 2, 1-13. 18-37 ; 3,1-5.19-25; 4,3-9. 11-31 ; §, 1-19. 23-31 ;6; 3,6-16;
Il; 12,1-3.5.6; 18; 7;859,1-21 ; 10,17-24 ; 25, 1-3.7-11.132.15-29 ; 46, 1-12 ; 47;
48, 1-217.25.28.35-44 ; 49, 1-33.
14;15, 1-10. 15-21; 16, 1-13.16-18.21;17,1-4.14-18;12, 7-17; 35, 1-14.17-19.
132
24 ; 29, 1.3-15.21-22%. 31>. 32 ; 49, 34-39 ; 22 ; 23, 1-6 ; 23,9-18.21-40 ; 21, I-Io.
13.14 ; 20, 14-18.7-12 ; 32, 1°.27.6-15.24-44 ; 33,1.4-13 ; 23,7.8(=16, 14.15).
30, 1-9. 13-21 ; 31,1.2-9.15-34.38-40; 46, 13-26.
19 ; 20,1-6 ; 26,1-19.24.20-23 ; 36; 45 ; 28,12 ; 27,1-6.8-22 ; 28, 15-17 ; 51,
59.607.61.63.64 ; 34, 1-7 ; 37,5-3-6-10; 34,8-22 ; 37,4.11-21 ; 38, 1-287; 39, 15-18.
38, 28>.39,3.14 ; 40,6-16 ; 41 ; 42 ; 43; 44, 1-28.
10, 1-4.9.5-8.10.12-16 ; 17, 19-27 ; 39,1.2.4-12 ; 4O, 1-5 ; 50; 51; 52.
—
Interpofations relegated fo the Footnotes
The following passages, being later glosses and interpolations, are rele-
gated from the text, and appear in the footnotes:
1,33 3,17-18;4,1.2.10; 5, 20-22; 10, 11.25; 15, 11-14; 17,12; 20,13; 21, 11.12.
23,19.20; 25,4-6. 12.13”. 14.30-38: 27,7; 29,2.16-20.22-312 ; 30, 10.11.22-24 ; 31,
10-14. 35-37 ; 32, 15.25-5.17-23 ; 33,2.3.1198. 14-26 ; 35,15.16 ; 37,1.23 39,13; 44,
29.30 ; 46,27.28 ; 48,21°-24.26.27.29-34.45-47 ; 51, 60°.62.
+
PBI
Jndexr Table
to facilitate references to verses appearing in the present edition
out of the traditional order,
ce, DD. pp., Fe. CC, OD. pp., Fe.
Tyl=2 3 = it II,I-Io = stole
2,4-13 = Hime IT 0=12,3 — (6, 1-21:
2,14-17 = 12,4 — 20s 7E1Gs
2,18-37 212-32: 12,5.6 = 6,22-24.
3,1-5 =a 233-36 12,7-17 = 15,16-27.
3,6-18 = 5,14-28. 13, 1-20 = 16, 14-39.
3, 19-24 = 2,39-44. 1321-27 = 17, 1-12.
S925? Sn == Sh 14,1-15,1 = 13,17-44.
py o-0, 19) = 4) 15,2-16,13 = 14,1-38.
6, 20-30 — Foes 16, 14.15 = 23,15-18.
7, 1-29 ey 0 16, 16 = 14,39.40.
7230-0, 13—Io 16,17.18 == TG, 1.2
9,1421 = 9, I-12. 16,19.20 = 26,20-22.
9, 22-25 = 26,9-15. 16,21-17,4 = 15,3-9.
10, 1-16 = 38, 1-15. 17, 5-13 = 26, 24-36.
10, 17-25 = 9, 13-20. 17,14-18 = 15, 10-14.
5r (48)
(49)
(58)
(59-64)
52 (1ff.)
(1)
(11)
(12)
(14)
(1s)
(20)
(21)
(23)
(31)
(32)
(33)
78 HSS Feremiah ssapebie~ 51,48—52,33
Al reads x)3', the plural is, however, to be restored according to €$3. In 6
the whole passage, 44-49%, is wanting. ,
AL sow. Sdn. These words can only be taken as a vocative: Babylon, too, must
fall, O ye slain of Israel/ but this gives no close association of ideas, and the
address to the slain is peculiar. J, quite freely, e¢ guomodo fecit Babylon ut
caderent occist in Israel, sic de Babylone cadent occist in universa terra. TS have
taken 923 as adverbial accusative, or else have read 5232 and taken 5535 as pre-
dicate to 5saws*ddr: saws Sepp isons 933248. In 6 the whole passage is wanting.
The necessity for an emendation is evident, and sense and parallelism both
point to a convenient way. We need merely repeat the final 5 of 553d before
soon, and order is at once restored.
Ml reads nion. GJ, better, nan; cf 1,18.
Al By, which is probably a mere clerical error. 63 simply, ekeiwouow, wpAhs
without conjunction; cf the parallel passage Hab. 2,13.
Verses 59-64, in their original form as an independent passage, have already
occupied our attention; but since they are the root from which the present oracle
against Babylon has grown up, and in their traditional shape form the inseparable
conclusion of that oracle, they must be repeated here. For all questions of
textual criticism I would refer to the previous treatment of the subject (on p. 71).
Since c. 52, with exception of some slight variations, is verbally identical with
2 K. 24, 18-25,30, and is merely an external and foreign appendix added to the
Book of Jeremiah, we give here only the most essential points of the textual
criticism and would refer for all else to the critical notes on the Book of Kings.
A Kethib Span.
A K*thib ns23.
AM points 19Y, but, according to GI cotyKwWe, Wy is better. The parallel passage,
2 K. 25,8, has instead of "355 spy, the shorter 73y.
#1-+-52, which is at least superfluous.
At the beginning of v. 15 #l erroneously places the words nym midi}, derived
from the beginning of v. 16. The words are altogether unsuitable here, and are
wanting in 6 as well as in the parallel passage 2 K. 25,11.
4 K*thib Inn.
4 K*thib mnyp.
The words AX DsHIT 5D AMM are utterly obscure, and evidently corrupt. No
successful restoration has as yet been accomplished, which is the more to be
deplored as the passage is wanting in 2 K. 25, and might throw light on the
description of the two bronze pillars in 1 K. 7,15-22.
M K*thib x20; cf 37,4.
AM Kethib nbn.
AM Kx‘thib vn.
=
oO
Wn
to
wn
(s)
fo)
40
51 (3)
(19)
(30)
(34)
(41)
51,3—43 Sees Aevemiah s3cbeeio— 77
An utterly desperate passage. 4 reads s302 byndy1 inyp Join qo yay,
the second Jn being erased by the Q®re: it is a “"p xd) a> and a mere ditto-
eram. It would seem simplest to point the Sheba bs as the negative 5x,
and this has actually been done by €S3. But this is impossible on account of
the meaning, since only the enemies of the Chaldeans can be addressed here; and 5
therefore Al points ~b8 and explains the -whole as a violent ellipsis: Zo ive
who bends, I say: Let him bend his bow; and to him who envelops himself in his
coat of mail: Spare not. This explanation is, however, merely a desperate effort
to get out of the difficulty; the position of JI" and especially that of the
jussive byn* is absolutely incomprehensible. We must, therefore, with © tevétw 10
6 Telvwy TO TOZOV avTOD Kai TEpIbeob8W W EoTiv bTAG avTOD, strike out the two
negatives, although the elimination of a negative is one of the most hazardous
operations of textual criticism. But another variation of 6 from Al is noteworthy:
W €otiv 6tAa adtod can never have been the translation of a simple 1303, but
would go back to a 190 Sy. Besides, the parallelism and the structure of the 15
verse would lead us not to subjoin as the second member a simple 1303 Dyn,
in which, moreover, the jussive byn’ coming immediately before the pause is,
to say the least, unusual. S$, too, has found it necessary to supply a special
subject for this clause, and renders: bXa;0 enpe (s/c/) wXas flo. In view of
the reading 1310 wy dyn, which is conjecturally assumed as that of 6, 20
and in accordance with the structure of the first three words, we easily arrive
at 13a mbya dyn as the original reading. ny is the common word for hoséile
aggression, so that mbdya can actually mean /¢he enemy.
A+ OND.
The word nvbwn can, in the context, hardly mean anything else than guivers,
as 63 translate; €S simply retain the obscure word.
MM K*thib snap.
The two words 4¥¥2 nx are very obscure, but are found in all the Versions;
for G's reading cig Ta oAdyXva Cov is merely due to the error of a scribe who
wrote yp. for Jy¥2. ns is pointed by a number of witnesses nox; but Al has
very properly avoided this, as in that case no construction is to be obtained
which would be satisfactory. For the sense, parallelism and context are reliable
guides; the assonance Jys1.... J¥p must be regarded as intentional.
AM K*thib aypy”.
41+ aw}, which gives no satisfactory sense; we should have to read paw Sew 35
yndma, with © mnsonst xwaw pdin Ssqwy gi Ndi 81a "AN, in conformity with
the primary passage 10,16. 6, therefore, correctly, 611 6 TAdoas TA TaVTA avTOS
éotl KAnpovonia avtod. S combines Al and 6: wads arog Yo fea, wo Pl
wool, LAaac.
Al reads 3n°3m which, in parallelism with 3w3, is extremely harsh. We shall, 40
therefore, have to read the Hof‘al with 6€3, while S o¢al Gataawd oscars
Sassl, has both verbs in the active voice. The Masorites probably pointed
the consonantal form \n3m as an active verb, because the Hof‘al does not else-
where occur in the OT, the Nif‘al being the usual passive.
AM K*thib ppm td28. 45
AM K*thib 33°37.
A K®thib isyda.
Ml has 13min, and the Q*ré has the same verb ‘3n10; but we must derive the
form from the stem m3, and so point ‘3017.
M+ yw, an Athbash for 533; cf ad v. 1 (p. 76), and 25,26 (p. 54). The fact 50
that the word disturbs the elegiac scheme evidently intended here (note the
7’s!), 1s sufficient to show that it is a later interpolation.
tN
wn
we
[e)
(43) B+ prs.
50
51
(6)
(7)
(8)
(11)
(15)
(17)
(21)
(29)
(44)
(45)
@)
(2)
76 HSE Feremiah te<beti- 50,6—51,2
feadSAa of, M53) NB; cf 51, 10; 35,11. The sudden change to the direct narration
makes the expression finer and more vivid.
A K*thib mn.
AI K*thib manw, which is utterly meaningless and a mere clerical error.
Al ++ m0. 5
AM K*thib iss".
Al K*thib snawn.
A K*thib “btn.
Al K*thib ‘wisn.
Al points Svs, and, therefore, regards the word as feminine participle from the 10
stem wit. All textual witnesses, with exception of 4, point swt: 6 Ws Boldia év
Botdvn; F sicut vitulé super herbam; © spr 3yd (similarly $), all going back to
this pointing. But in this case we should have to read either Swi nays, or
swt ‘by mday>, and besides the reading of 4 is correct in point of fact. Threshing,
during which the animal could eat at pleasure (Deut. 25,4), was agreeable work 15
(Hos. 10,11), and, according to the very common metaphorical application of
the word ¢Arvesh, the action which is here figuratively described, the work of the
enemies of Israel, the plunderers of the inheritance of JHVH, is in fact a threshing.
AU K*thib ‘myn.
A K*thib mn ws. 20
AM has }wsin inv, but, following H1rzic, the two words must be divided, Ainn
ywsn. The object, which is expressed in all the other witnesses to the text, can
hardly be dispensed with, while }ws can here stand very well without the article.
AM +-9889772)33.
M +o. 25
A points o'Dn, and exegetical tradition agrees in rendering wohAoic. But the
parallelism would lead us to follow RASHI in deriving it from the stem m3 Zo
shoot, and to point, in accordance with Gen. 21,20, o34. Moreover, according
to Job 16,13, a passage to which RASHI expressly refers, the pointing 0.31 may
perhaps be intended to bear this meaning. 30
md is a an> Ndi “Ip; GTS had it also; cf v. 26.
A+ 87 ons.
Al reads yNIpB; see ad 6,15 (p. 48).
Mo wiyr. 6 év tH dpunH avdtiics; cf 21,14 and also 46,23. In poetry the figura-
tive form of speech is always to be preferred to the literal. 35
M52). GI merely wdvtes. The asyndeton is much stronger and more emphatic,
and the 1 a dittogram from the preceding 11m.
In this place alone Al points 21h, on account of prosaic considerations of reasonable-
ness. The whole structure and plan of the passage, which rests upon the rhetorical
figure of anaphora, to which this section is especially partial, imperatively re- 40
quire 27m, which is, moreover, the reading of S. The word is altogether wanting
in 6, but even here no inconsiderable number of MSS, among them 6, read
udxaipa(v) eri tH bdatr avdtijs.
4M K*thib psns.
Al m3, which is also attested by 6. Nevertheless we must read with €$J, and the 45
primary passage 49,22, nm}. In Al the o has dropped out before 1p.
Al ‘pp 35, which is a so-called A¢hdash for nw>, and, like the A¢hbash in
25,26 and inv. 41 of the present chapter, owes its origin to a later interpolation.
6 still had the original reading, kai émi tovcs katoiodvtag Xaddatouc. 50
Al points ny, but the context absolutely requires nt, venti/atores (3). 6, also
UBpiotds Kai KaOuBpicovow avtyyv, and S qsetase hela, take nt as participle
of a.
17
39 (1 ff.)
(4)
(8)
(13)
40 (1)
(3)
(4)
(5)
50
(2)
(5)
17,27—50,5 —eiSeaeit Fovemiah +3<>eie— 75
pecially Neh. 13,15-22. We also find in this passage many details of expression
not agreeing with the style of Jeremiah which add external confirmatory evidence
to the internal grounds of suspicion. But, on the other hand, the whole tone
and form of expression is so plainly intended to imitate Jeremiah, and depends
so evidently on parallel passages of Jeremiah, that we must assume that a
partisan of Nehemiah put this sabbath sermon into the mouth of the prophet
and incorporated it into his book.
C. 39 has no connection at all with c. 38, and presents an entirely different
legendary narrative of the fate of Jeremiah after the capture of Jerusalem. The
narrative, in its present form, has been worked over and interwoven with the
older account, in the course of which some of its details have been omitted.
Verses 4-13 are wanting in 6, but improperly.
The reading of fl and all the Versions is DX Wwsd, refering back to v. 3 (which,
however, belongs to a different connection), and giving an altogether false sense.
It was not the knowledge that the Babylonian generals had taken position at
the middle gate, but the perception of the fact that Jerusalem was captured,
that drove Zedekiah and the troops which still remained, to seek their safety in
flight by night.
M reads 88, but SJ have, correctly, the plural, e¢ egressé sunt, which is also
the reading of the parallel passage 52,7 (129).
AM na. S, and the parallel passage 52,13, correctly, ‘3.
V. 13, returning to v. 3, leads over to v. 14, which belongs to the older narra-
tive; it must, therefore, be attributed to the latest redaction.
The beginning of v. 1 reads in the traditional text: n¥p Wey Os AT wR IT
{NS ANNPS Aw yb oMAw 37 NWI INN Mow AN’ mm. But this superscription can-
not be original, for in the whole of the following section no word of God what-
ever comes to Jeremiah. We must, therefore, see in these words another re-
sult of the combination of the two narratives of the experience of Jeremiah
after the destruction of Jerusalem. The statement that the following scene, the
fulfillment of the royal edict of Nebuchadnezzar issued in 39,12, took place in
Ramah is, of course, essential, and forms part of the original contents of this
account, in the reconstruction of which it must, therefore, be retained. The
words which we have inserted in the text on purely conjectural grounds, and
without any external support, would restore in the simplest manner the connec-
tion between 39,12 and 40, 1-6.
Al + mn (Qfré a7) 197 05 AM.
AL nan any.
A +o,
MM +533 ne Nya.
M+ 75 mow n2>> pays wen Sey aw Ss papd past b> ms.
V. 5 begins in Al with the utterly unintelligible words 31’ 85 1371p).
M “ys. 6 év yf, which is decidedly better.
For cc. 50 and 51 the student should consult BUDDEr’s conclusive investigation,
Uber die Capitel 50 und 51 des Buches Jeremia, in Jahrbiicher fiir deutsche Theo-
logie, vol. xxiii, pp. 428-470; 529-562.
M+ mdyda inn mayy wan.
Al reads 1153}, but seems, by the pointing $83, which, of course, can only be
the imperative, to intend to indicate that 1193) also is to be taken as an irregular
imperative Nif‘al. Were 13) correct, we should at least have to read sya) 83)
in accordance with 63, xai iEouo Kai katapevEovta. Weread, therefore, with $
wm
u
20
iS)
UL
35
40
45
50
44
(17-19.25)
10
17
(19)
(22)
(23)
(29.30)
(5-9)
(5)
(11)
(13)
(19)
(23)
(24)
(19-27)
74 Sede eremiah s2<beSi- 44,17—17,27
crescences which we have already repeatedly encountered in the narrative
sections.
Here also Al points everywhere npwm n3>89; cf note on 7,18 (p. 51).
Al + ma3NN9, with special Masoretic marginal note, 51 ‘m7. This difficult word,
which is wanting in 6S, has been explained in various ways: € xmyud; 3 ad co- 5
lendam eam; iW, cic KdKwow; Z, TH YAUTTW aUTC; in some Greek MSS we find xai
ooBBa which may be the rendering of 0. The most probable explanation is
that given by RASHI, in accordance with Job 10,8, to make an image of her,
so that the meaning would be fo make an image of the goddess out of dough.
A+ wy PR. 10
A+ a7 ov. >
The fact that vv. 29 and 30 are not original has been clearly shown by HITziG.
Jer. does not give an mix anywhere else; and the way in which the fall of
Hophra is here predicted as not caused by the conqueror of Zedekiah shows that
we have here a vaticinium ex eventu. The real Jeremiah mentions, (43, 10-12; 15
46,20ff.) the catastrophe of Hophra as brought about by Nebuchadnezzar, which
is also the view of Ezekiel in his Egyptian prophecies, cc. 29-32. In general,
the conclusion of the biographical portion of the Book of Jeremiah is mutilated:
we expect, beyond question, the continuation of the narrative to the catastrophe.
And this mutilation must be regarded as intentional, for the traditional account 20
of the tragic end of the venerable prophet is supported by every external and
internal probability, and it is easy to understand how in later times pains would
be taken to draw the veil of oblivion over this sad and shameful occurrence.
AEB 25
Throughout this whole section the text of 6 is very corrupt and in a mutilated
condition; so much, however, is certain, that 6 read v. 9 before vv. 5ff., and this
position of v. 9 is by far better and more natural than in Ml, and must certainly 30 -
have been original.
4 reads ws’, which is, of course, a mere clerical error.
V. 11, which the fact of its being written in Aramaic is sufficient to characterize
as something szz generis, must be considered a very late interpolation in the
passage 10,1-16, itself a late addition. It violently separates vv. 10 and 12, 35
which belong intimately together; but it is found in 6 which, on the other hand,
omits v. Io, and also vy. 6-8. This wide divergence of tradition must of itself
arouse suspicion; moreover, the whole passage I0,1-16 is so specifically in the
style of Deutero-Isaiah, that no one but a late writer conversant with that prophet
can be its author. Nevertheless it does not belong to the very latest portions of 40
the book of Jeremiah, since, as is shown by the citation 51,15-19, it was regard-
ed by the author of cc. 50.51 as an integral part of the book.
A K*thib prs.
#1 K*thib oy. 45
MM K*thib pow.
AM K*thib m2.
This passage is not by Jeremiah, but quite late. Jeremiah nowhere else men-
tions the Sabbath at all, and is such an earnest opponent of all the dead works
of the Law that he cannot have connected with the external observance of the 50
Sabbath such promises, even going so far as to make the very existence of
Judah and Jerusalem dependent upon it. We are reminded rather of the struggle
of Ezra and Nehemiah for the carrying out of the law of the Sabbath; cf es-
4x ©)
(7)
(9)
(10)
(16)
(17)
42 (1)
(2)
(6)
(12)
43 (10)
(11.12°)
41,6—44,12 —oHieett Aeremiah 22<b-sho- 73
AM reads 72 FT WA. It is impossible to see any motive for Ishmael’s
weeping, whereas the eighty men, who come as mourners, are the natural subject
of the verb here. 6 therefore, correctly, attoi émopevovto Kai Exhatov.
M+ F1n. :
AM has 1533 13, which is utterly meaningless and admits of no explanation. 6,
with very slight variation from the consonantal text of 4, ppeap pera.
Ml reads mpyna oMgwan nym 5s ni adem nia ns. G merely xai tac Ovyatépacs
tov Baotkéwc. The conjunction is indispensable; the rest in Al is a needless ad-
dition, and a mere repetition of what has been previously said.
M+ m3n3 jy. Syne paw. This, too, is a needless repetition.
We must emend, with Hirzic, ’xynw’ naw «ws instead of the traditional reading,
Syyow* mxp awn aws. The corruption would be still easier to explain, if we
could assume, with H1TziG, that the original reading was, Sxypw’ DNX Tawn ws;
but no Hif‘il of the stem 73 occurs.
A K*thib ams.
M mam. G6 Kai AZapiac; cf 43,2.
M+ 90.
AM K°thib 138.
Al points awn), and G, too (kai emotpéeyw buds), derives the word from the
stem aw. The first person in 6 has no weight against the third person in MH,
which latter is the only correct reading. But SJ, et habitare vos factam, derive
the form from the stem 2‘, and this is what the whole context positively re-
quires.
MM has bx.
Al-+-onm.
MM K*thib oynynn; a mere clerical error.
M-aTds mi dy.
Ml onipy. OS, better, katexpupac.
AM K*thib mmpw.
AM K*thib msn.
AM snsm; GSI, better, kai kavoet.
The original and remarkable rendering of v. 125 in G, kal p@erprel yfv Aiyumtou
Wotep POeipiZer Tomy TO indtiov avtod, is, of course, genuine and reproduces
the original sense of the passage. Perhaps 6 read another verb instead of muy.
Al reads o™y3n puna. 6, far better, tovs év Qv; co% Gen. 41,45.50; 46,20, and
Ez. 30,17 (6).
Ml reads p>°ni28) DAN mM, which is intended to lead over to the direct address
which follows. S, better, eesdale vase. In G the words are wanting altogether.
Myws. G tWv dpxdvtwy buwv. The 75 and the ow always form a syzygy,
and the mention of the nw would be decidedly missed here. Al, however, seems
to be right in reading the suffix pronoun of the third person singular, as against
the second person plural of 6.
Verses 11 and 12° appear in Al in the following form: ‘158 NIS3¥ AV DS AD 129
Ow WR ATA gw ns snmp? mim b> nx nam: myid pa 3b ow 1337 Sew
Sy oy) pepe wens apna anna $5. pyyp pasa 55 yeni pw wd p»y PIs Nia9 DN
jn’ ayn ana. 6, on the other hand, 814 todto ottwe eime KUpioc: idov éyw
€plotnut TO Tpdowtdy pou Tod Gmrokéoor TdvTag Tos KaTaAoiToUG TOUS ev
Aiyortw, Kai mecodvtat év poupata Kat év Aww, Kai exhetwouow Grd pikpod Ewe
ueyddou. The text as given by us varies from this latter form merely in the
position of the conjunction in a single instance. Here again fl exhibits all the ex-
Jer. 10
to
ur
4o
45
50
37
34
37
38
(10)
(11)
(16)
iS
Go
39 (15-18)
40
4I
(16)
(14,
(8)
(10)
(2)
(3)
72 tae Feremiah 22<PeSie— 37,5—41,3
the most intimate connection with the contents of c. 34, and must originally
have been narrated along with them. The temporary retreat of the Chaldeans
is supposed in 34,21.22 to be already known; and therefore the only passage
in which it is reported, 37,5, must necessarily have stood originally before 34, 21.
Moreover, the two verses which at present open c. 37, and there introduce the report
severed from its connection with c. 34, are of the most superficial and worthless
character, and clearly bear the stamp of mere patch-work. The removal of
37,4 from this connection and the placing of 37,3 after 37,5 are necessary
consequences.
MM QOfré piw'aay. The Hifil of wa> occurs nowhere else.
Al + mim nse, which, alongside of M7. 135, is entirely superfluous and incom-
prehensible, and is properly wanting in 6.
Al K*thib 52m; cf 52,31.
41 83°, which is syntactically very strange and difficult. © kai )\Gev.
M Kk*thib 1s).
AM only a>. G, better, 6t otwc.
) #l-- own. It is easy to understand how, after all that comes between, the 2
need would be felt clearly to designate the subject from v. 1, but this is not in-
dispensable.
#1 pans, according to which the words would be part of the speech of
Zedekiah, and would contain a confession, on the part of the king, of his un-
worthy situation. Better, with 6, mpdc attovc, as an explanatory remark of the
narrator.
merow is a generally accepted emendation of H1rzic’s for the traditional nw>w.
Al 8330 DY ns. G, simpler and better, merely avtév.
4 K*thib myanon.
Ml-+-ano2. Here a useless addition.
lx, which is, however, expressly attested as Ip 8d) an.
) Ml points A\¥A, probably on account of the M& which can, however, very well
stand with the passive. Much better and more naturally 6€S kataxavOroeta.
Another transposition must be made here. The account of the oracle given to
Ebed-melech in person forms the natural conclusion of c. 38, and comes, both as
regards matter and time, before the conquest of Jerusalem which is described
in 39,1 ff.
41 K*thib ‘2» before ns immediately following.
Between 39,14 and 40,6 must originally have stood a statement of the fact that
Gedaliah was appointed the Babylonian governor over the people who remained,
and that he took up his abode at Mizpah.
Al bsypw; GS without copulative conjunction.
Ml has mp 33 ya yan. G Kai lwavav vidc Kapne. Since in the further course
of the narrative only a mp }3 j3nY appears, the doubling of the name in #l must
be referred to an uncorrected clerical error.
4 Kthib “pip.
A958. 6, much better and more in keeping with the context, ép” budc,
A pays. 6 merely €v taic wodeoww.
A+ Ter ay.
A+ 572 ne.
35
40
50
27
Xs} (Gi)
(3.4)
(11)
(13)
(14)
51 (59 ff.)
(64)
34. (5)
(7)
37. (5)
27,22—37,5 orate Feremiah sapesie— 71
and translated, and that alone, can stand as forming an integral part of the
genuine ancient text. In kai tWv émAoinwv oKxeuwv we have probably a corrup-
tion in the Greek text for kai éml tWv AoiTWy oKEUWy.
M reads: ‘wenn wina mya niwa aim 9op mpay nadpp mwsoa san mwa nm
ss as. G: Kai eyéveto év TH TeTdpTW TEL Ledexia Pacikews “lovda ev uyvi TH
TEUMTW Eile fol, the eye of the scribe having wandered from mwa. to nwa.
But this elaborate date is utterly out of place here. Every attempt to represent
to ourselves what is here reported leads to the recognition of the fact that we
have, in cc. 27 and 28, a connected narrative, in which the events follow one
another in swift succession. After Jeremiah has completed his warning and dis-
suasive words, Hananiah immediately presents himself, and both by speech and
by symbolical action defends the opposite view.
Verses 3> and 4 read in Al: nipan yo baa 7p AsKIIDII3 MPd ws mm ma > 5D nN
2we 8 Aaa oS Am mba bo mgy aay qo opm ya maa. ney Sao psy mn
daa yoo Sy AX laws > mI Osa mn oem ox. G, on the other hand, has: té
oxen otkou Kuptou kai “lexoviav kai tiv dtroictav “lovda, St. ouvtpiyw tov Zuyov
Baowews BafudWwvoc. Here, too, as in 27,19-22, excrescences may be recognized
in the text of Ml, and the briefer recension of 6G is original.
4H + 88355123.
M-+ oy pnw TNy3, a needless repetition.
At the end of v. 11 Alandall the Versions have the words 12399 S237 AMY 75", except
6, which has merely: «ai Wxeto ‘lepeutac Eig Tv Odd6v advtod. But the following
words of Jeremiah can only be conceived as the immediate answer to the sym-
bolical action of Hananiah; it would be utter nonsense to suppose that the prophet
after this action goes quietly home, and does not speak what follows tillseveral days
have passed. Moreover, the introduction of these words by mins) 7157, from
which the addition 13975 7% 754 has arisen, must not be understood to mean
that Jeremiah, when he spoke these words, was no longer in the presence of
Hananiah but in some other place; cf, on this point, 35,13, and especially
39, 16.
AM mwy. G kai toujow, is undoubtedly correct.
V. 14 reads in Al: ovat 5D asi dy sna dma by Synw sade mixoy mm ops AD oD
Sonn awh ny ns pay mays $23 q5p asgat2ya3 ns tayd aden. G, on the other
hand, has only: 6t1 ottwe eime KUpioc: Zuyov ordynpodv EOnKa Emi trv TPdXNAOV
TdvTWY TWY EOVWY EpydZeobar TH Paoiei Bapudwvoc.
This remarkable narrative has come down to us as an appendix to the long
oracle against Babylon, cc. 50 and 51; to make it applicable there, vv. 60°
and 62 were interpolated later, and these verses must of course be omitted if
we would restore the original form of the narrative.
At the end of this passage #1 adds the words, wanting in 6, 35 73m Ty .Dyy
wor. The utterly meaningless 1p can only have strayed in here through
some unfortunate accident from v. 58; it is the concluding word of the long
oracle against Babylon. The words 1m “37 737m Jy are, after the analogy of
Job 31,40; w 72,20, a note intended to mark off the speeches of Jeremiah from
the historical appendix c. 52; they owe their origin to the final redaction of the
Book of Jeremiah.
AM mpiqwenr. FJ et secundum combustiones; 6S «ai Ws &xdavoay.
Al avian.
Another transposition must be made here. The facts related in c, 37 stand in
_
5
20
30
35
40
45
50
36
(32)
45 |
27 (1ff.)
(1)
(2)
(6)
(7)
(9)
(12.16)
(18)
(19-22
70 tend Fevemtah o3<eesie- 36,32—27,22
AM -+- VN.
Al has: pom wd ya FWD $8 ABN NANs ada npd HM, corresponding closely to
v. 28. 6, more briefly, kat €haBe Bapovx xaptiov étepov, which must be regard-
ed as the original reading, altered in 41 in accordance with v. 28.
Al+s\7 past 52 ns. These words, which are moreover very strange syntacti-
cally, distort the whole sense. We must at least have sm pasa 53 ns; for
the grief of Baruch over the sorrow and affliction which he must write down
has reference to the calamity with which the people of God are threatened; and
the great thing which Baruch seeks is evidently the turning away of this sentence;
and that which JHVH has built and planted, can refer to Zsrae/ in accordance
with prophetic usage.
The narrative of cc. 27 and 28, as will appear later on, has been variously dis-
arranged and very much revised. A transposition must be made at the very
beginning, and the date, 28,1, be prefixed to the whole narrative. In 4M,
c. 27 begins with the words, (Q*ré: ws) TIN. JD DPA Addo» mws7s, which
has long been recognized as a palpable error, since in v. 3 Zedekiah appears
as the king then reigning in Jerusalem. The error may have arisen from 26,1,
where the statement is quite correct. 6 has no superscription at all, but begins 2
c. 27 with v. 2: oJtwe¢ eite KUpioc* toinoov [ceautW) decuovdcs Kai Khorovc. But a
date in the superscription is indispensable. Since, however, c. 28, which clearly
forms the immediate continuation of c. 27, at least does not need a date, all diffi-
culties are removed if we simply transfer the words of 28,1 to the head of c. 27.
Instead of nwa the Qfré reads miws; cf ad 32,1 (p. 63).
MM +x, contrary to the style of the narrative sections. 6 has, correctly, only
oUtwes eite Kupioc.
MM ndsn myisn 52> ns. 6, better, simply thy yfv.
Verse 7 is properly wanting in 6. The idea that the dominion of the Chaldeans
is to be merely transitory, and is to fall to pieces after the third generation, is
decidedly inappropriate in this place, where it is much more to the interest of the
prophet to depict the power of Nebuchadnezzar as terribly as possible,
A p>nbbn, but the parallelism imperatively requires tWv évuTViaZonévwy OnWwy,
which is actually the reading of 6S3; cf ad 29,8 (p. 61).
Here and inv. 16 the reading of M and all the Versions is ‘935. But such a change
to the first person is not appropriate to the narrative sections, to which c. 27
undoubtedly belongs; even the ‘8 of v. 2 is wanting in 6. I, therefore, read in
both cases 937n.
Al has 385 *ndad, which is absolutely impossible. A perfect is syntactically not
allowable here, and Al therefore points, not 83, which would naturally suggest
itself, but 182; we are left, therefore, the choice between the infinitive 82 and
the imperfect 183°. The latter is the more probable; the initial * of 1812. dropped
out after the final » of sna.
Verses 19-22 appear in Al in the following form: nyiRyn Os MINDS TA ApS AD 1379
baa yop ayestaa3 ompd xd ws2° neta Ppa onan oom Inv dy) mise Spt ov Dy)
pow mim in 55 msi mbaa adwie min pop mpm ya (Qeré 33») mad» ns inydaa
mdao2? nbwiy mim qd ney mint nya oni oom Sy Senwens MIN TT IDS TD 1D?
mn pipet Ss onawm pmdym mn oss ons “pb oy ay wo mews isan. This intoler-
able diffuseness and prolixity evidently owes its origin to later redaction. 6
has in fact the following shorter form, which is certainly the original, although
the opening words have been somewhat disarranged: dt1 ottwe¢ cite KUpioc: Kat
TW emAoitWY OKEUWY, Wy ovK EXLaBe Bacteds BapuAWvoc, Ste dmWKioe TOV ‘lexoviav
€& lepovoadnn, cic Bapudwva eioedevoetam, Aéyer Kipioc. What © has here read
wn
{e)
i]
wn
N
ur
4o
45
50
1g (2)
(11)
(12)
OO
RRS
18)
(24)
36 (17)
(28)
19,2—36,28 ~teerdeie AeremiaB 22<besti- 69
Al K*thib moins. But 6 has mAn¢ Tij¢ xapoeld.
M+ apd opp po map’ nna. These words, which are identical with 7,325,
just as v. 6 with 7,32°, here unnaturally separate the correlative clauses, and
destroy the connection entirely. By changing their position and inserting them,
for example, after min Vyn ns) in the same verse (so EWALD), nothing is
gained. In 6G they are, very properly, wanting.
AL nnds, through dittography of the final 1 of yawrd). This reading has the sup-
port of € alone. We should at least have to read, with S3 e¢ ponam, ‘nnn. G,
simply, tod dobva.
pom must be the correct reading, and € ANDI NDIN WN, seems actually to have
read thus. fl has ospyn, but to take this as in apposition to the singular
npnn opp is altogether out of the question. If we should attach the 7 to n5nn,
and read, in accordance with Is. 30,33, DS8HY ANDNA ppp, we should undoubtedly
remove the chief objection; but, in the first place, MN5n in this single instance, while
we have nbn everywhere else, would be very strange; and, in the second place, we
should certainly expect to find nxn» before AnDnT ops, whereas 6 xaOwWe o
TOTos 6 dlaTintwv, GTd TWY AkabapolWy ad’TWY ev TdouIg Tac oiKkiaic, bears
indirect testimony to the traditional order of the words. We might be tempted
to read, with 6, onXpeP, but this is wholly un-Jeremian. There remains, then,
nothing else but to read Spun, though it must be acknowledged that the sense
thus obtained is rather feeble.
M yon). The infinitive absolute, which in 7,18 is entirely in place, would be
very strange here. According to 32,29, we should read 337}; 6 kai €oreroav.
AL K°thib ‘a9, before the following ds.
AL 8237 WHY NS nw m3. G merely xai éemdtazev avtov, cf 26,23. The read-
ing >. probably preserves a trace of the original 73%.
The words 17% 5s are wanting in Ml and all the Versions, but can hardly be dis-
pensed with; cf 27,1; 34,1; 36,1, and 49, 34.
) AL has dy.
M-+y, which is wanting in 6; cf 7,2; 17,20; 36,6.
AM pwn, probably a mere clerical error; all the Versions and the parallel pas-
sages 7,13.15; 11,7; 25,3.4; 29,19; 32,33; 35,14.15; 44,4, agree in omitting
the conjunction.
) A K*thib mnsin.
Al has 733, but these consonants must have originally been intended to have the
pronunciation my, G ouvétaze ... adtw, as in 36,8.
Al + pyn 52). But an omission of these words in 6 would be hard to explain,
while, on the other hand, it is entirely in keeping with the situation for priests
and prophets to take the initiative and incite the people, as in v. 11, where
they are the authors of the accusation, and as, wce versa, in v. 16 the words
of Jeremiah make such an impression on the people that they turn against the
priests and prophets.
Instead of m>% the Q°ré would read the more usual form of the name 7%.
It is very awkward that v. 24, though it forms the immediate continuation of
_y. 19, is separated from it by the intervention of vv. 20-23; for Ahikam, the son
of Shaphan, also ‘belongs to the princes of Judah who here sit in judgment
upon Jeremiah.
+b, which has been erroneously and awkwardly introduced from v. 18, and
is, therefore, properly wanting in 6.
JA -+ Dawe.
1e)
40
45
50
2
2 (4
17 (8)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
19 (1)
68 OHSS Foremiah s2<deoie— 2,17—19,1
sop we should expect the infinitive (GRAF). The words are, moreover, redun-
dant, while up to this point we have a well-constructed verse of two parallel
members. 6 evidently did not read the words, and had the text of v. 17 ina
somewhat different form: ovxi TadtTa Emoino€ oot TO KaTadiTelv oe eu; héyer
Kiptog 6 8ed¢ cov. This J’798 mM) ON3, as a more complete conclusion to our
coherent and independent passage, is certainly very tempting, and ‘nx instead
of ns can hardly be regarded as a mere variant; yet it seems to me more pru-
dent to abide by Al, on account of the strict parallelism subsisting between the
two members of the verse.
Instead of sNNN MS, G has odo0¢ AuWv—=1sNIMWS which may be the better read-
ing; but it is impossible to come to any decision in regard to such a fragment,
standing, as it does, apart from all context.
) The Qtré following the false analogy of v. 6, which is altogether dissimilar,
would read here 781) Nb) instead of NW Nd}; this reading of the Q*ré has only
the support of €. The K*thib is correct, and we must, with 6$J, point sv.
Al nnd). 63, better, without the conjunction.
Al K*thib 12979.
AL K*thib 19°,
V. 12 in the form in which it has come down to us can only be an appeal to
God, parallel to mn» 5snw mypp, v. 13, and must then be taken in close con-
nection with v. 13. But this causes considerable difficulties. It is hardly possible
to conceive of \3wIpH DYpp as said of JHVH; O11) is a most unnatural expression
for the one who sits enthroned in the heights of heaven; and in the single parallel
passage in Jeremiah, 14,21, 1)3) 8D3 refers to Jerusalem. Some have, therefore,
been disposed to regard the whole verse as an apostrophe to Jerusalem: O g/o-
rious high throne from the beginning, place of our sanctuary / while others have
taken the sentence as a separate statement: 7/e place ofour sanctuary ts a glorious,
high throne from the beginning. But the latter interpretation of the words yields
no connection with the context, and introduces a perfectly idle and, in this place,
unintelligible thought; while the former, an invocation of Jerusalem as the
place whence alone salvation can come, involves an idea not to be expected from
the prophet who (7, 13-15) so emphatically protests against all external estimation
of the temple of Jerusalem. Since 6, too, has the words in a greatly abbreviated
form, @povog S6ENc VyWuEeVOC, Giaoua NuWy, we are forced to recognize in
them a later addition.
yodD" pasa Jo} is EWALD’s extremely happy emendation. Al has 13>" pasa “1d%,
for which the Q‘ré reads "11D)._ But this sudden change to the first person is ex-
tremely harsh, and we should certainly read, with 3 recedentes a te, P01; > might
easily drop out immediately before 3. Without either pronoun 6 d&peotnkotec,
and S tee. The traditional 32n3) ps2 must also be due to a clerical error.
The figure they shall be written on the earth (that is, in the dust, and not on the
imperishable rock) is very peculiar, and is not to be met with elsewhere in the
OT; moreover, we expect here an idea parallel to the preceding wa’. All these
difficulties are solved in the simplest manner by EwALb’s emendation 3933; ps3,
then, must, of course, be connected with 7101.
2
a
4 has here simply ‘3p%9, but a new verb is indispensable here. 6€S, in accord,
Kal GEeig dd TW TpeoButEepwy. JF, simplifying differently, vade et accife lagun-
culam figuli testeam a senioribus popul:.
40
45
50
31
(21)
(22)
(28)
(35-37)
(38)
(39)
(49)
46 (15)
(17)
(20)
(27.28)
31,21—2,17 HS Fevemia ss<peie— 67
ture of the verse to retain m'32 5y in the first half, and omit it in the second half
of the verse. 3 has at least: Rachel plorantis filios suos et nolentis consolari
super ets,
AL K°thib snobn.
The enigmatic words 923 33}0n 73p3 are certain so far as the textual criticism is
concerned, but their meaning is very obscure; see the explanatory note to the
English translation.
M+ pam) pind) pinads, which is wanting in 6; cf also 1, 10.
Verses 35.36.37 are found in G in the order 37.35.36. Hurzic strikes them out
as being in the style of Deutero-Isaiah, and only loosely connected with the
preceding.
D’sa is wanting in the K*thib, but is expressly noted as ‘n> 85) “9p, and is in fact
indispensable.
M K*thib mp.
AM Kethib naw, which is merely a clerical error.
AM spy sd Jowas AND’ yy, in which 4Nd3 is difficult to explain, and the harsh
enallage of the number is very striking. @S avoid the latter objection by read-
ing the plural, the former rendering: opp 1°) 85) Juan) ans y Nd, the latter:
amc flo chase usiias eave! fiso Xs; while 3 guare computruit fortis tuus?
non stetit, has the singular throughout. This, however, still does not remove
the difficulty of 4nbD3, which Z, adhering to the etymology, renders: ti ét1
ovvewrjo0n 6 duvatdés Gov. G has preserved the original rendering, did ti Epuyev
amo ood 6 Amis; 6 udoxog 6 €xXeKTdG Gov OvK Evelvev, where it should be noted
that the words do ood are wanting in a number of the best and oldest MSS;
6 Amic=AN speaks for itself; 6 €xAextd¢ is an explanatory interpolation, For the
parallelism of p3 and thy xd of v. 21.
A points DY 4389p, which hardly gives sense. 6 kadeoate 16 dvona, and J vocate
nomen, give the simple and good reading nY 487).
Al has m» m5’, as two words; but we have here a >wbwp formation, and must
therefore treat it as one word; cf the verbal form ‘5’. w 45, 3.
41 reads 812 83, which is certainly a mere clerical error. All the Versions agree
in reading f\Oev et” avdtry.
On wv. 27-28, cf note ad 30,10.11 (p. 66).
2 (1417) The obvious fact that vv. 2,14-17 cannot originally have belonged here, be-
(15)
(15.16)
(16)
(17)
cause they interrupt the connection, is duly recognized by EWALD (Propheten, i?,
p-. 100), who also (/. ¢. p. 85) advances the suggestion that Jeremiah himself
inserted the verses here in his final revision of the work in Egypt shortly before
his death. The verses certainly bear throughout the stamp of Jeremiah’s style,
and their authenticity is the less to be questioned, since it is impossible to imagine
any other reason for their interpolation in the book of Jeremiah.
Instead of mny3 the Q*ré would read iny3; but the passage 4,17 clearly shows
that we have here the stem 733, not n¥*. The singular mn¥3, found also in 9,11
and 46,19, with the feminine plural subject y is syntactically unimpeachable.
The superfluous words 3’ ‘9a in v. 15 are found, it is true, in Al and all the Ver-
sions; if, however, they be omitted, we obtain for vv. 15.16 three correctly con-
structed elegiac lines, which can hardly be accidental:
ndip ins ppd vse poy
nnys3 my mowd ws nw
apIp Py DM3pMn} AI *32 D3
AM K*thib Dapnni.
M+ 7773 7351» nya, which is syntactically very strange; instead of the participle
15
20
to
UL
40
45
50
33 (26)
30 (5)
(8)
(10.11)
(12)
(16)
(22-24)
Bt a3)
(7)
(10-14)
(15)
66 —HSESE FeremiaB d3-abese— 33,26—31,15
Al K*thib saws, QOtré pws.
AM DD; GS ottwe.
AL pny) JANIS, a very harsh enallage of the person. J indeed has de collo
zuo, but, on the other hand, ef wincula ejus. O tov Tuyov Grd Tod TPAXrAoU
avuTwWVY Kal TOUS deoMods avTwWY diappryEw. In view of by, we must have the
singular suffix in both cases.
Verses 10.11 are here wanting in 6, while in 46,27.28, where we meet with them
again, they are found in 6 also. They are, however, to be canceled in both
places, since they are so evidently in the style of Deutero-Isaiah, that they can
only be regarded as the work of an interpolator familiar with that book. Note
especially the sudden appearance here of Jacob-Israel, while elsewhere through-
out the whole speech only Judah-Israel is mentioned, and Jacob alone occurs in
vv. 9 and 18.
4 n> °>, which is intended to form a connection between this verse and the inter-
polation; © simply ottwe.
Al K*thib Joxw,
V. 22, which anticipates 31,1 and is altogether superfluous, is wanting in 6.
Verses 23.24, which we have characterized above as spurious (cf ad 23, 19.20),
are here, too, an interpolation, and are even less appropriate than in c. 23, since,
as they stand, they can only be explained as referring to a punishment directed
against the godless elements in Israel, which is here entirely foreign to the con-
text and to the whole meaning of the passage. V.22 is apparently more closely
connected with v. 21 than 31,1, and the immediate repetition of 71m. O83 in v.
31,1 seems rather strange, so that we might feel tempted to cancel 31,1, and
retain 30,22. But the 5sqw. minswp 55> in 31,1 is of special importance in this
connection, and much more emphatic than the simple address of 30,22.
Al pdy nansy ‘> axa, where %, especially, causes the greatest difficulty. 6 Wen
avtw* a&ydmyow aiWwviov, which is, practically, merely another division of the
words. Perhaps the scribe stumbled at 15, which would refer to 5s.w’ in v. 2,
because the whole subsequent address, after bsiw» ndyna, is in the feminine.
AL Jby ns mim pein. 6, however, €owoe KUpiog tov hady avtod, and T ns» Wpp
Ssnw't Saxw mn. mMpy, which is the only correct rendering, since the redemption
of Israel is presupposed as-an accomplished fact. The reading of Al seems
to be more than an error, resulting from the form pwin written defective; it makes
rather the impression of an intentional alteration, because the promise conveyed
here in the text of 6€ has not been fulfilled.
It is evident that v. 15 forms the immediate continuation of v. 9. The sudden
address to the nations, in v. 10, is strange, and os, in the same verse, is a dis-
tinctive feature of Deutero-Isaiah. These verses have, moreover, a certain
Levitical character, which is decidedly un-Jeremian: note the prominence attri-
buted to the priests in v. 14, and the fact that the gracious gifts of JHVH in v.
12 are specially limited to grain, new wine, oil, and the young of the flock and the
herds, in other words, to all the requisites for sacrifice. It is also worthy of note
that sw’ and apy’ are used in the widest sense to designate all Israel, while in
vv. 7 and 9 they are used with special reference to the ten tribes, to which v. 15 ff.
also exclusively refers. We must therefore regard vv. 10-14 as a later addition
and strike them out.
M+. Sy. The repetition of m31 Sy is extremely awkward. 6 has: Paxynd
GtoKa1ouevn ovK OEAE TavoacGar Emi ToOIs Vioic atic; S lo Quxs WS Lad Vays
elhshsd Ls; M32 by, therefore, occurs but once in these texts. We have
followed $, because it is more in accordance with the parallelism and the struc-
10
15
30
4o
45
50
33
(5)
(8)
(9)
(11)
(14-26)
33,5—26 —eitaedee Feremiah 23<dste- 65
sense and contents, it is first of all apparent that o’yn3n, which is found in all the
Versions, is to be pointed as the Nif‘al participle, and taken in the sense of the
Latin gerundive, the Greek verbal adjective: ¢hose doomed to destruction. D'S
must then be taken as the predicate to own, the ns before the latter word
must be omitted. Thus with the smallest possible departure from that which
has been transmitted to us, the text, in the form proposed by us, yields a sense
at once satisfactory and in accordance with the context.
AM nin vyny; © éw attwy.
Al K®thib 51>).
Al ww owd; 6, better, cic edppoodvny.
4+ ons, which is wanting in 6, and is certainly superfluous.
The words which stand here in the middle of the verse are, on account of their
liturgical and Levitical character, to be ascribed to a later redaction, and conse-
quently stricken out, as in the case of vv. 14-26 of this chapter and of 31, 10-14.
The whole passage, vv. 14-26, is wanting in 6, and is clearly a later excrescence,
whose ideas and views are entirely foreign to those of the real Jeremiah; it is
therefore to be canceled. On the other hand, an independent discourse of some
length could not well end with v. 13, and we must, therefore, look for a fitting
conclusion. Now if we take the passage 23,7-8, which is placed by 6 after 23, 4o,
we find that it serves in both texts as the final paragraph of a long discourse,
although it forms a fitting conclusion in neither case. Indeed, the very fact of the
varying position of the passage in the two texts, would be sufficient to arouse our
suspicion that these verses in c, 23 have not retained their original place. Here,
however, at the end of a speech which deals ex Zrofesso with the future of Israel
after its release from the Exile, they would form a most appropriate conclusion.
We also meet with these verses, almost word for word, in 16,14-15, where, al-
though they are to be found in all the Versions, they are absolutely inappro-
priate and interrupt the connection very sensibly. On the other hand, their
occurrence in all the witnesses speaks in favor of their authenticity which is, in
fact, not to be questioned.
The form in which these verses appear here, is produced by a combination of
cc. 16 and 23. In 16,14, Al has Wy 1px! 85), against Ty ps 85) 23,7; but 6
has in both places kai ovx épodow étt. In Al the second verse (16,15) reads:
oniawm mow on ws niyist ban pes pass Ssowy va ns nbya WS 717 0 OS 3D
onyaxd ‘nna wwe onpts by. G has the same text except that it reads Tov oiKkov
lopana, instead of bsnw. san ns, and €EWo@noav instead of an; 23,8, however,
Ml has: msi $5) my pas Ssws ma pay ns 8a ws Toy Iw TNA on Ds 13
onots Sy yaw’) ow monn Ww; and G: GAda Zi KUpiog Sc ouvijyaye TAY TO OTTEPULA
lopand ard ‘+tf\¢ Poppa Kai Grd TacWY TWY xwpWy ov eEWoev aUTOUS exet, Kat
amekatéotnoev avtovs e€i¢ THv Yhv avtWy. The use of the two verbs together,
sam qws) myn aws, in Al is very harsh; we, therefore, following 16,15, read
simply 7>y7 aws, which is in keeping with the parallelism and in agreement with
6 (here ovviyaye, while in the preceding verse myn is rendered by dviyyrare).
The reading of G6 wav 16 orépua lopana is certainly preferable to the yw 52 ns
Saw’ ns of Al, since the two exiled kingdoms of Israel and Judah are here referred to.
For the conclusion of the verses we have adhered as closely as possible to 16,15.
Instead of n‘nna7 23,8, G reads ona, as also Ml correctly in 16,15. The con-
clusion of 23,8 in 6 is more closely conformed to 16,15, from the fact that wm
ants is read, instead of nv; cf ALonawm. It must be acknowledged, however,
that the reading of Al in 23,8 is to be preferred in that it has the stem 3¥* and
not wn. The return to the old home is mentioned in the first half of the verse,
and now follows as a new element, the promise that they shall always dwell
there. We therefore prefer to read nsnwaim); cf also 32,37.
Jer. . 9
15
ut
30
4o
45
50
32
(17-23)
64 —Haeeet Feremiah s3<beSz-— 32,9—33,5
tov €v Avabw0. The mere fact of their varying position is enough to show that
they are not original.
A+ nyn3aya ws, which is rightly lacking in 6.
A+ opnm myn. The whole of the following passage is, in Al, utterly unin-
telligible, and can only be restored by the help of 6. Cf the admirable ac-
complishment of this task by STADE, ZAT. v, 175-178.
AL apam T_DT NS Ns; G Kai EdwKa ado.
AM sy»yd; GSI with copulative conjunction,
) Al reads the verse: "bam (pp NS) DIN NS) AT APH AED NN WONT ODD FN np?
B37 Ov py? yyn>d wan waa onna mn. 6 also incorrectly but rather nearer the
original: AdBe TO PiBAlov tig KTYGEWS TODTO Kai TO PIBAlov TO dvEeyvWOLEVOV
Kal Oioeig aUTO cig Gyyetov doTpPdKivoyv iva diauetvy Huepac mretouc. The tert
resulting from a combination of these two corrupt versions together with a
justification of the details is given by STADE, /. ¢.
Verses 17-23 are found in all the Versions, but STADE, in ZAT. ili, 15, and y,
175, note, clearly shows that they are not original.
4 K*thib Jnvinai, QOfré Fans.
M+ mA a8.
Mim ds. 6, correctly, mpdc ue, cf 35, 12.
AM d5a5 s>p ASKIIDIIAI Way ows ya. G merely cic xeipac Pacrkéwo Bapudwvoc.
A onan ng mew. G Kai kataxavoovor Tac oiKtac.
AL-+ AT OSS DAD Awyps ony DD psp JS bsnwis3sa2. These words are suspicious
from the fact that $syw* ‘32 has not the same meaning here as in the preceding
line, and are rightly lacking in 6.
41 K*thib *»n7, which is immediately followed by As.
#l opis ons. Since the reference here can only be to the words of Jeremiah
himself in vv. 24-25, the reading of 6, ov A€yeic, must be correct.
#1 ops ons, © od A€yeic.
Hirzic and, following him, GRAF have stricken out vv. 2-3 as un-Jeremian. It
would be better, moreover, to read, with G© mowv yijv, pax Avy instead of
min Awy.
MD °D is universally attested; but after cutting out vv. 2-3, ‘> also must be omitted.
A conjectural restoration of this utterly corrupt passage. 41 reads: °25 sna dy)
ow mx ondad owas aonm oxi midbom bx oyna nm. S hoo, Lads, INS Noo
JoN> ps aabobod oll)5 Lazu Leni ail ops) J ef ad domos regis Judae
guae destructae sunt et ad munitiones et ad gladium %venientium ut dimicent
cum Chaldaeis. 6 also, not varying greatly from Al, Kai epi olkwv Baowews
louda tWv KaOnpnucvwy cic xXdpaKkac Kai TpouaxWvac Sto wdXecPar TpdC
tovs XaAddaiouc. With these words, however, nothing whatever can be done;
aanm si mid>on 5s mynan presents insuperable difficulties. A departure from
the traditional text is absolutely necessary. The simplest course would be
to adopt the suggestion of ROTHSTEIN and read ‘N23 instead of DN2, when
I appeared to fight with the Chaldeans. But this would still not remove the
difficulty of v. 4, and even though the whole passage may have been written
down in its final form after the destruction of Jerusalem, it must be consistent
with the supposition that Jeremiah was still a prisoner in the court of the prison,
and cannot, therefore, allude to the destruction of Jerusalem as a fact already
accomplished. It is clear, to begin with, that only the Chaldeans can be the subject,
and the houses of Jerusalem the object of nxn) in v. 5; it must be, moreover, 5
the fortifications and swords of the Chaldeans, to which reference is made
in v. 4. Starting then from this fixed point, and studying the traditional text
with a view to obtaining from it a form which will be satisfactory both as regards
ur
iS)
ut
Go
ur
40
21 (3
(13
}
/
23,33—32,8 eed Aeremiah scbeGtie- 63
41 swp-np "ny, which is utterly unintelligible, and is due solely to a wrong division
of the words. 6 bpeic €oté TO AfUULa=NwHT OnE.
) Al aoxn, but, according to v. 35, we must, with S .o;sell, read Woexn. The corre-
sponding words are altogether wanting in 6 owing to a corruption of the text;
but the Hexaplar text supplies from © otitwe épeite.
4 points and reads s¥3 pons °w3); but GSC agree in reading did todTO idov
éyW hawpdvw, Naase asians! po Shs, and this is absolutely required by the
sense and the play on the words evidently intended here.
All the Versions agree with Ml in reading \ p73 5s psn n> ods IO IS, which,
when compared with v. 8, must certainly be altered to tpxn m> ‘SS min apEN
wepts 5x. The narrative form introduced by the later editor into the two open-
ing verses, which serve to explain the situation, has caused the use of the narra-
tive form in v. 3 as well.
Al own nsy 532 75 nx. 6 only mpdc tovs Xaddatouc.
MM oisn ns. GSC without and.
4i+ns). ©, correctly, kai TOV adv Kataderpbevta.
AL ops way 523 75m ase773133 Ta. G only cic xeipas exOpwv avtwWv.
The Qfré would read here, unnecessarily, mm) instead of mm.
The opening words of v. 11 are difficult in #1 (6, however, has 6 oixog Paoiwéwe
louda dkovoate AOyov Kupiov), and for the last word of v. 12, om*>>yp, the Qtré
would read n>55yp. These two verses do not suit here at all, since in v. 13
also all Jerusalem is addressed; they are an interpolation based on v. 14 of this
chapter and especially on 22,3, and must, therefore, be omitted.
EWALD long since rightly saw that, in the passage 20,7-20, vv. 14-20 should
precede wv. 7-13.
MZ have ony ‘nnin xd ws; GS Str ov. dréxtewve ve €v w\tpa. What follows
shows that not on, but oma is the original and correct reading. Since
it did not lie within the power of any human being to bring this to pass,
least of all in the power of the ws, who, in accordance with Oriental custom,
had no access to the lying-in room, and whose sole task it was to convey the
news of the happy birth, we must point ‘3nnw as the second person and take it
as an address to JHVH. Then wey also, at the beginning of the verse, must be
altered to mn.
This verse, with its very singular transition to the tone of the Psalms (cf especially
the characteristic use of }1"38), must be regarded as a later addition; v. 12 forms
a sufficient conclusion, requiring no further.
Instead of naw3, the Qré would read here m3wa as in 28,1, although in 46,2 and
51,59 the former reading is allowed to stand.
Verses 1» and 2>-5 have been omitted because they are simply detailed circum-
stantial historical additions, quite in the style of the biographical portions of the
Book of Jeremiah, and are merely intended to explain the situation in the follow-
ing chapter.
d+ saan.
Al K*thib iy, Qtré yay.
Ml, adhering to the style of the preceding explanatory and narrative additions,
reads, 1885 ‘8 TIT IAT TT aT WN, while GS read, cai 6 Adytoo Kupidu eyevrjOn
Tpoc ‘lepeuiav A€ywv; cf 33,1, and also 14,1.
After minay2 ws come, in 4, the entirely superfluous words }'9°32 yAN3 WSs,
which 6 places before ninaya wr, KThoa GeautW Tov Gypov wou Tov év YH Beviay
ur
tN
un
es)
wa
40
50
2208)
(4)
(6)
(14)
(15)
(17)
(8)
(19-20)
(28)
(32)
62 igen AeremiaB s3<meex- 22,3—23,32
45s. GCS agree in reading the copulative conjunction.
4M Kethib yap).
4 Kethib maw.
41 y35D) °2x5n, and all the Versions agree with Al in thus incorrectly connecting
the } with the second word. The suggestion, first made by J. D. MICHAELIS,
to divide the words differently and read }i8D Y3i>n, has been generally a-
dopted.
#2, for which many different explanations have been offered. The whole
context requires a proper name. 6, in the majority of the MSS, has év Axaz,
which graphically indeed agrees closely with the traditional ms83; but from
material considerations the reading of 6A, and its daughter, the Arabic Version,
év AxaaB=aNnsa, is preferable, since we know, on the reliable authority of 1 K.
22,39, that Ahab was actually possessed with a mania for building. In the
archetype of Al the name was probably written 283, with omission of the second
8 (cf in this connection ‘n3m3 v. 23), and this, under the influence of 1983 in
y. 14>, was corrupted to N53.
AM 1*thib snaw'.
Al K*thib ‘na3pp.
Al has, according to BAER-DELITZSCH, h3m3, while usually ‘n3n3 appears as the
K¢thib. This is, of course, a clerical error for nnm33, Kataotevdzerc (GSI), and 2
this again an incorrect writing for nm3s3.
H+).
Mes). GS, better, without the copulative conjunction.
Al has mans pas7, which is grammatically objectionable; cf 2,21.
In Al the verse begins with the words (wanting in 6): pasm mRdp DRIP °D; of
9,1. These words are superfluous; they destroy the parallelism, and their contents
are singular. The reproach is here too special, and, moreover, one the respon-
sibility for which cannot be imputed to the false prophets. The czrse forms the
immediate continuation of the holy words of JHVH.
4 has mim 135 sygand “ips DIN; G, on the other hand, A€youct toic dmw-
Bounevoig TOv Aé6yov Kuptou=M1m 139 WyN309, which is much better and more
natural.
Al»; S, and apparently also €, has the copulative conjunction.
Instead of 25 the Qtré would read here 1135, as just before, and this reading
is supported by S€GL. The reading of the K*thib is, however, to be retained,
and is attested by the oldest Hexaplar MSS tic jhvwticato tov Adyov ov. The
words are altogether wanting in the genuine text of 6.
A has yaw; but according to v. 22 we must, with GRAF, point yaw.
Verses 19 and 20, which are repeated with slight variation in 30,23-24, are not
only suspicious on account of the expression bYa‘7 Nns3, but destroy the con-
nection between vv. 18 and 21. The only possible way of obtaining any suitable
sense from them would be to regard them as containing an example of the true
prophetic word revealed by God, to show how the prophets ought to preach if
they were true prophets, but how in fact they do not preach; but this is ex-
tremely forced; cf STAERK, ZAT. xi, 248 ff.
AM obn; G, better, TO évitrviov avtov.
AL apw mind oxaa Sy cam; G did todto idov ew mpdc tovs Tpopytac tovcs
Tpopytevovtas évUTTvia wevdf}, and oN 237 is absolutely required by the paral-
lelism with vv. 30 and 31. The reading of #1 is connected with other variants
where we find the same idea, that dreams do not form a peculiarity of the false
prophets, but are entirely outside the province of all prophecy, whether false or
true; cf ad 29,8, and 27,9.
uw
=)
°
to
un
Go
or
40
45
50
24,8—4),39 “HSE Feremiah s3<b<sti- 61
41+ >, which 6 rightly omits.
After mynd, which the Q*ré again alters to myt, Al adds nyt. The word is per-
haps merely a dittogram from myid; in any case, such a use of Ay. is unex-
ampled,
M+ S337.
M--n*, an addition which is difficult to understand.
A+ das nowy assevs adam ws.
V. 2 occurs in all the Versions, but is undoubtedly to be attributed to the editor
- who worked over the genuine text of the letter and brought it into its present
(14)
(16-20)
form.
AM + 88773533.
opbn on qws onpdn bs is absolutely required by the context in place of the
traditional pdm ons wws oo nbdn bx. In c. 23 also, it is the false prophets who
have dreams and use them as the vehicle of their false prophecies (23,25.27.28
and, according to the reading of 6, v. 32); cf also 27,9 (6). The impossible
form n>» has long been recognized as being due to a dittography of the final
Oo of ons.
AM K*thib oomaw.
Verses 16-20 must positively be stricken out. They form a digression to the
subject matter of c. 24 very difficult to understand, and v. 21 is evidently the
immediate continuation of v. 15. The passage is wanting in 6, but probably
because the scribe skipped from baa v. 15 to 532 v. 20.
AL sw ond meas.
ALL oyss.
Verses 225-31" are to be omitted. At the time when Jeremiah wrote, the fate of
these two false prophets could not have been fulfilled, since otherwise the fact
that the passage has the form of a prophecy would be absolutely incomprehen-
sible. We must assume that Jeremiah merely threatened these two persons with
a violent death, and that later, after this had actually occurred, the fact was in-
serted by the author of the narrative portion and editor of the whole book
of Jeremiah. The account is doubtless correct, and very valuable to us, but
certainly formed no part of the original contents of the letter. We must re-
gard in a similar manner what is reported in vv. 24ff. with reference to Shemaiah,
which certainly comes from the same reliable source. Jeremiah could not refer
in his letter to a document which only came to Jerusalem from Babylon as a
result of that letter. This narrative also is no doubt correct in point of fact,
and is exceedingly interesting to us, but must certainly here be due to later inter-
polation. I would call attention here to the change in the form of the narrative
to the third person, just as in the biographical portions of the Book of Jeremiah.
Moreover, it is necessary in y. 26 to read, with G (yeveo@ar émotdtnyv), PD in-
stead of Dpb.
) M Kkthib prin, Ofré pryn.
2) Al myy sds. Jeremiah could not expect that Shemaiah would live seventy years
longer, to see the future salvation of his people. With 6 tod ideiv, we must
read mind.
Al K°thib ody.
The reading of Al and all the Versions is pYa7 nns2. I read, instead, }2 “InN
according to 49,6; cf STAERK, ZAT. xi, 247-253.
MM K*thib saws; Ofré 28. We must, of course, adopt the reading of 6, Kai
atootpeyw, which represents the proper Hebrew construction.
A K*thib naw.
iS}
ur
30
35
40
45
50
35 (18)
(19)
13. (16)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(24)
(25)
24 (2)
©)
60
passe Feremiah sochesie- 35,18—24,6
41+ 98 7D WT. The words are wanting in 6 and must certainly be omitted,
since throughout the whole chapter up to this point the first person is employed.
6 reads the verse in a somewhat different form: di todto ottwe cite KUpiocs
éteid] KovoaV viol lwvadaB viod PnxaB thy evtoAy tod Tatpd¢ adTWY Troleiv
Kabdti Eveteikato autoic 6 TaTHp avTwy.
Al-- ynyse 52 ns mewn), which is again wanting in 6.
Al+ 5saw onds msay mm aps m2. The 329 also is wanting in 6, but this
must be retained.
The Q‘ré incorrectly alters the K*thib nw to nw),
All the Versions, except €, have ro kepadfig vuwv. A reads n> ‘NWI; since,
however, NWS never means /ead-ornament, but always region of the head, just
as niban means 7egvon of the feet, we should expect at least pws. For ws
in its primitive meaning Azad a plural nwsEr cannot be established, even from
Ez. 36,11, and we must, therefore, read DWN.
G3 dmowxiav tedclav=rp>y nox, Am. 1,6.9. Al ors>w ndan, but omy in the
sense required here is very strange, and @ jimayy nodwin i>apns, seems to
have felt the difficulty and pointed nyssb¥. nbam arose under the influence of the
immediately preceding nba by dittography of the final 7 of mp.
Al has °81) OD}y Nw, which the Qfré corrects to IN) OD 3p Ww. So TSF, the
latter taking the following }}®8® O'N3M as a vocative and subject of the two im-
peratives. © has avddape SpOadkuwovcs cou lepovoaAnu Kai ide tod eEpxouévous
Go Poppa. lepovoadnu is here an explanatory gloss, but is quite correct, since
the whole verse is addressed to Jerusalem. The metre itself shows that Al is
right in omitting this word, but the singular must, of course, be restored through-
out.
The unanimously attested reading is: wand ovDds Jy ons nd NN) TIpD*D MSN AN.
We are here in precisely the same situation as in 18,15: the metre is disturbed.
According to the elegiac scheme there are too many words for one verse, too
few for two; and the question, therefore; arises whether we should expand to
two verses or abridge to one. As in case of 18,15, the rhythm of those stanzas
which can be clearly distinguished, is in favor of the latter alternative. What
is the meaning of the general and indefinite subject of 1p’, G6 étav émoxémtwvtar?
JHVH is throughout the speaker, and the subject of the approaching visitations. The
slight change to “p53 removes both objections and restores a correct first member
of the metre. Since wid nds gives the requisite second member and forms
the natural conclusion of the thought, the unsuitable and superfluous intervening
words 7*9y amis nid ns) must be omitted.
4 has nws wd, but HwND suits the metre better and is smoother.
According to the structure of the remaining stanzas a whole verse must have
fallen out here, which, however, I do not venture to restore. The word py*5y},
found in all the Versions, with its departure from the vocative hitherto strictly
observed, is evidence of the corruption which has here taken place in the text.
Here, too, the text must be somewhat altered for the sake of the metre. The
universally attested reading is: 717. DN3 ‘AND FID N39 723 Mm, although 6 (Kai wepic
TOU GreiWeiv Uude Euol) read 718 instead of JI. We need not hesitate to omit
the 17 O83, which is frequently inserted or omitted in the different Versions, and
then by simply changing the position of ‘nN we obtain a verse perfectly correct
in form, with which the second member, whose metrical structure has been pre-
served intact in all the Versions, joins naturally to form a stanza.
Al has again ns; 6S, better, nx.
Al has 5y.
15
20
to
un
40
45
50
16
(3)
(4)
12 (9)
(11)
35. (12)
(14)
(15-16)
(17)
16,16—35,17 “HIE Feremiah 2g<>esz2- 59
of subject from that of v. 6° is indicated, the subject must be the same here, vs.
the survivors, and the object the dead. It is then at once clear that 6 is
right in reading on3>, instead of Al tmx. The words ond and ond are both in-
dispensable, and, in the case of two words so much alike standing side by side,
either the first (as in 6), or the second (as in Al) might easily drop out; we
must here combine land 6. SCHWALLY also strikes out the uniyersally attested
‘by before bas, whereby the text is made smoother; he also omits the suffixes
of 38 and 19s.
4M K*thtb 03199, which is here, as in Ez. 47,10, altered by the Qtré to ou".
4l+-maws5, which is correctly omitted in G. It is related to vv. 14 and 15,
which did not belong here originally, but are a later addition; before the pro-
mise can be fulfilled the guilt of Judah must be atoned for twofold.
) MM nonin, but AOXSJ agree in reading the third person. 6 omits the whole
of vv. 1-4 and the opening words of v. 5, the eye of the scribe having probably
wandered from m1 (16,21) to mim (17, 52).
These words are very obscure. All the Versions, so far as we have them, con-
nect O7°33 DID in such a way that 07.33 is made the subject of 1319: *vika dva-
uvnoOWonv of viol avtwv; and it must be acknowledged that this view is gramma-
tically the most likely. But the sense and context would rather lead us to take
nm33, as well as the two following words, as the object of 1233. For the sacrifice of
children is always regarded, in Jeremiah and Ezekiel, as the culmination of
Israel's crimes. In this case we may suppose that the matter is intentionally
alluded to here in a delicate manner, just as the succeeding crimes are merely
mentioned without being specially characterized.
All the Versions read, with #1, nninn9; but here, alongside of ows, only niayn
could have stood. The same change of may to mp is recognized by WELL-
HAUSEN in Gen. 33,20.
The longer form ‘117 is very strange in the singular, and AOZCS understood,
in fact, 17. Al, however, has probably pointed correctly, in which case “10
mwa will refer to Jerusalem; cf 21,13.
M 52. The and, which is found in AOZTS3, is indispensable; cf also 15,13.
Al 52), which only admits of a very forced explanation. @ evades the difficulty
by a lengthy paraphrase. The Hexaplar Version, whose origin is not expressly
stated, reads, probably on the basis of a variant text, Kai dqaipeOjoetar Kat
tateirvwOroete. SZ both render freely; $ prasie; 3 et relinguerts sola. We
must, with GRAF, emend to 77, in accordance with Deut. 15,2. 3.
fl pnnmap. AQX, better, éxkéxautat; cf 15,14. -
The unanimously attested reading is ‘4, which, following GRAF, must be
emended to >.
Al points py, which results from the corruption of *> to %5. Only the article can
be intended here, and not the interrogative particle.
MM apy. CSI, better, Fav. G, quite freely, étéOn.
Ml impy 5s; G correctly mpd pe.
4S -- mas nis WS ipey °D mn a sy.
Verses 15-16 are found in all the Versions, but must nevertheless be stricken
out. The prolixity of the latter half of this chapter is positively intolerable, and
the portions wanting in 6 show that later hands have been at work here.
Al-+-dsqws ends. An altogether unparalleled accumulation of divine names, in
which Al stands entirely alone.
Alay yds ond sopsy yew xdy ons sas yp.
4
oO
20
iS)
ur
30
35
40
50
49
14
15
16
(11)
(16)
(7)
58 tee Feremiah s3chesue— 49,26—16,7
emendation proposed by Hirzic, mny> 78, would, in order to give a proper
meaning, have to read muy> nnn 7s. It seems best, then, to read, in accord-
ance with 4,13.37; 6,4; 13,10; 45,3: ‘> > 8, which is a genuine Jeremian ex-
pression, and yields at least a clear sense in agreement with the context.
AM has 7m. Instead of this the Q*ré reads n>an, which, in view of the well-
known 7° nop “y, would be equivalent to ‘ndnn. G merely moAw éwjv. In any
case, the suffix pronoun must either stand both times, or be omitted both times,
as in €SJ.
4-- sian a2, which sensibly disturbs the parallelism, and is rightly lacking
in 6.
Al and all the Versions add to this heading the words: 522 95 a¥s793123 455 Ws,
against the analogy of all the other headings in this section (the first oracle against
Egypt is a special case), and all the more unnecessarily, since, in v. 30, the King
of Babylon is expressly named as the threatening enemy.
Al again points 3pePa; cf ad v. 8.
HUE ASN773533.
Al-- mm O83, which is utterly inappropriate in the mouth of the heathen who
speak here.
41 K*thib on™nys.
Al+o n>, which, in the meaning Wo dpdkwv (AOEI), or liew yl (S), is alike
incongruous, and therefore is correctly omitted in 6.
Al K*thib 5y$s), which is corrected by the Q*ré to 5x3. The conjunction is found
in all the Versions; but the usage of the language and the parallelism compel
us, with GRAF, to strike out the 1, and to take bs nop) as in construct relation.
41 Kthib onan.
At sbi; © and J correctly iv ovx« tdeioav.
In Jeremiah the word 7yn is always altered in the Q‘ré to my, in accordance
with Deut. 28,25; Ez. 23,46.
AM K*thib ininds.
AL K*thib m2.
Al has, in consequence of an incorrect division of the words, the portentous read-
ing °3127p! TD.
Verses II-14 are to be omitted. It is generally acknowledged that vv. 13 and
14 are an unfortunate and unskillful interpolation from 17,3; and we must hold
the same opinion in regard to vv. 11 and 12. V. 12 is absolutely unintelligible,
though innumerable attempts have been made to make sense of it. V. 11, in
respect to which the Versions vary greatly, can only be intended to console
the prophet and to remind him that his condition is neither so bad nor so devoid
of comfort as he supposes. But after these comforting words of God, how are
we to explain the terrible outbreak in v. 15? To what, then, do the opening
words of vy. 15, nyt’ As, incorrectly omitted in 6, refer? V. 15 is the immediate
continuation of v. 10, and by so regarding it all difficulties and objections are
removed.
AL K*thib Jnnw; Ofré qnw.
4 K*thib Ja.
In regard to this whole passage cf SCHWALLY, Leben nach dent Tode (Giessen,
1892) p. 22. Al has Sy p‘pinsn D> omN Ipwr sbi no by yema> Sax by nnd yobs 821
sos Spr vax; G Kai od wh KAaoOh dptoc év meévOer avTW Eic TapdKAnotv emi TeE-
OBynkoTl ov ToTLOdOLV GUTOV TOTHPLOV Eic TapdKAnoL Emi TaTpi Kai pTpI avTOD.
G, therefore, read nnd instead of ond, and nomad instead of tpm3>. Since no change
wn
1o
ur
40
45
48 (45-47)
(3)
(4)
(8)
(20)
(23)
(25)
48,45—49,25 HOEY Jeremiah ochre 57
Verses 45-47, which in fact are wanting in 6, are to be cut out as a later inter-
polation. They are very awkwardly made up from Num. 21,28.29, and 24,17,
and only serve to weaken the forcible and full conclusion of v. 44. Moreover, in
accordance with the parallel passage Num. 21,28, })mD n’29 must be read instead
of pmMD pap.
AM points D35n; but G (MeAxoA) and S read here correctly the name of Mz/comz,
the principal god of the Ammonites. -
The form universally attested is })awn. But according to the context, only Ammon
itself, or a prominent Ammonite city can be addressed. It is true that Hesbon lay
only five hours journey from Rabbath Ammon, but it was never an Ammonite town,
nor was it ever considered as such. Nothing remains, therefore, but to emend
to py. Wy alone, without..33, is, indeed, only found in 1 Sam, 11,11; but here,
where the land is addressed as personified, there can be no objection to this
rather rare mode of designating it.
sy is an excellent emendation by K. H. Graf, for the *y of 41 and Versions. The
context imperatively requires the capital of Ammon. It is true that we only find
the form 4y in case of the capital of Moab, but there is nothing to prevent our
assuming that the capital of Ammon also, which, as GRAF very justly remarks,
had no proper name, was called 1y by the Israelites. Moreover this objection
can be readily removed by reading Vyn AIIw; Vyr is the capital, as the oc-
currence of the name Aaééah in parallelism with it puts beyond doubt; cé 2 Sam,
10,3, and especially v. 8, where we read simply ywn np, but where we must
conclude from the context that Rabbah is intended, although it is not mentioned
by name throughout the whole chapter, and even in v. 14 appears merely as
vpn.
Al points again op5n; cf especially 48,7.
AM only %; G fh A€youoa Tic cicekeboetar Ew e€ue. This mNT can hardly be dis-
pensed with.
Al points 3pepq, but the sense absolutely requires an imperative.
Ml reads ynipp; G also, év xpovw W emeokeydunv ew avtov; while €SI read
wpe. Vid. ad 6, 15.
Al reads o'w. There can be no doubt as to the sense.
Al has 7387 D3, with which nothing can be done. The change to D3, in accord-
ance with Is. 57,20, (so GRAF) must be considered a complete failure; since a
boiling and raging sea cannot form a fitting image for a frightened and des-
pairing multitude. 6 has €éotjoav €BuuwOyoav; but to read 1387 1ayp3 and assume
that 0°. is an interpolation from Is. 57,20, where also the words Say 8) pwn
occur, is out of the question, since in the passage before us the parallelism re-
quires three words. It would be simplest to read n3-instead of DY: fear zs upon
them; but the order of the words opposes this, since in that case we should
certainly expect 02 73N7. To read, in accordance with y3319n) (or rather 133311m)
way Pa Is. 64,6, TANT 3 3313 is also unsatisfactory. In view, then, of the
traditional form of the text, nothing remains but to read 73878 72 13193, 2 and
3 actually have, respectively, bm6 wepiuvyc, and prae sollicitudine.
MM 52; but we must read, with 6 and ¢, ba.
The universally attested reading is A33y ND J's, and Galso has ws ovyxi €yKateAuTrev.
The rendering how zs the splendid city not deserted / would be acceptable enough so
far as the sense is concerned, but is a pure Germanism. The view of certain
Jewish commentators, mentioned by RASHI and QAMHI, who took sty in the mean-
ing of Zo let go, to spare, (my my San Sow nsin Ayr yp maya xo mn), is inad-
missible on grounds of usage. In spite of J guomodo dereliquerunt civitatem lau-
dabilem, to strike out the negative would be commonplace and unmethodical. The
Jer. 8
35
40
45
50
48
56 —otaeseit Feremtah s3<beSio- 48,8—44
tently 7133 M33) JANIK3. One thing at least is clear, that 6 read here only one
word; and this agrees with the structure of the verse. Since in v. 41 nWyemM=
kal tad OxupWata, we should have here, as the equivalent of é€v éxupWyatt
cou, JNI¥H3, in which we immediately recognize #1 JnIsKa. The reading of 6
is correct in point of fact. While the boasting of riches and treasures introduces
a new feature into the picture, for which we are altogether unprepared, and
which leads to no result, we need only be acquainted with the nature of the
Jand of Moab, to understand a boasting of mountain fortresses. This 7n73p2
was corrupted in Al to JAYS. through the influence of the similar, but not
altogether identical, passage 49,4. ’wyna can only be a later addition meaning
zdols, since, in the second half of the verse, Moab’s idol Chemosh is explicitly
mentioned.
4 K*thib wp.
The Q*ré unnecessarily alters 3m’ to 11m.
Haws; G6 and S xaOwe.
AL oman; TS have the plural in both cases; G6 xail td Kepata (corruption of
the Greek for Képaua) adtod.
Al points 33¥, which J. D. MICHAELIS correctly alters to 37¥ in accordance with
v. 18; of also v. 8.
4 K‘thib ‘aw*, a mere clerical error.
Al Kethib pyri syd.
The utterly disproportionate length of this oracle against Moab must strike every
one, and this is the more obvious, since the length is in inverse ratio to the im-
portance of the contents. But since the passage contains much that is vigorous
and original, and since such an expression as v. 13 can only be understood if
placed before the destruction of Jerusalem, we must endeavor to extract the
genuine Jeremian nucleus from the mass of accretions that envelop it. This has
been our course in our treatment of the text. In favor of striking out wv. 21-24
only zsthetic reasons can be urged, but they seem to be sufficiently weighty.
41 K*thib nypyw, Qtré nypn.
Verses 26 and 27 evidently presuppose the fall of Jerusalem, while Moab is re-
garded as having escaped the calamity; they cannot, therefore, have been written
in the fourth year of Jehoiakim.
Al K*thib mNse3, Ofré NMI.
Verses 29-34 are utterly idle and empty excerpts from Is. 15 and 16, a pro-
phetic passage which frequently crops out here; but by Jeremiah, while it is
freely employed and reproduced, it is never simply copied. The next verses,
35-38, are characteristic of his mode of procedure in regard to his original.
We might feel tempted to alter win ‘p ‘was 5s, in accordance with Is. 16,7, to
win vp ‘wws 5s; but there is no sufficient reason for it, especially after cutting
out vv. 29-34.
AL wi 52.2, and so also €3. 6S translate here freely. According to the parallel
passage Is. 15,2, wx. 552 must be read.
#l ov 52 Sy. But no73 is undoubtedly a participle and not a nominal form, so
that we must read with 6, kai maou yetpec=nr 5d.
Al has np Sys. But $3, which might easily fall out after Sy, is here indispens-
able, and is actually found in G3.
AM + y5.m, which between the two 9¥’s is out of place and interrupts the con-
nection.
A -Fasip 58 bs wIb} ANT Aw3D mIn. A literal interpolation from 49,22.
Al-+ my aws 25> simmons ax “yaa a> mm. Likewise interpolated from 49, 22.
A K*thib pun.
Al has mx; 6 and S, better, tadta=Tds.
oO
to
ur
40
25
46
47
48
(9)
(1)
(12)
()
(6)
(7)
25,38—48,7 zeae Feremia 23<>Sie~ 55
and with regard to their contents also they are suspicious. Moreover, the mean-
ingless DD*NI_N in v. 34 must, following 6, be stricken out, and perhaps also
instead of ‘42> should be read “33 Worep oi Kpiol of exdexTot. In v. 38 instead
of the very strange 7317 jn, 73 33 must be restored from 6; cf 46,16;
50, 16.
Al reads ‘WDA ods; 6 kai Avdor &vdByte. The parallelism and the structure of
the verse require here two names of peoples, just as previously pip} wi>. The
Lydians are too distant to appear here as the allies or auxiliaries of the Egyp-
tians, so that instead of them the Libyans, nnd, are to be understood; cf Nah.
3,19; 2 Chr. 12,3; 16,8; Dan. 11,43 (see STADE, De fopulo Javan, p. 6). It is
impossible to find any national name graphically resembling ‘wen. The name
oDp, which stands in 2 Chr. 12,3, next to oni, is obscure and doubtful.
AL K*thib smanz.
AM has 42%p; but 6 pwvijyv oov is precisely what is required by the parallelism
with JNM).
6 heads this article simply émi tovc Ad\Ao@vAoucs, just like the four following. At
gives the title in the form: nwa onw>s ox saan mew Os mm 427 mT ws
my nx mp3 a>. Itis expressly stated by Herodotus (2,159) that Pharaoh Necho 2
conquered Gaza; cf Hirzic’s dissertation De Cady urbe Herodotea; the notice
in Al is, therefore, in substance correct. Nevertheless it can hardly have formed
part of the original text, since from the whole style of description (cf that of the
North, v.2!), and from the analogy of the other oracles forming part of this group,
Nebuchadnezzar is the only enemy with whom the Philistines can here be
threatened. We must, therefore, look upon the reading of Al as the result of
a false combination.
4 has op»y, from which no satisfactory sense can be obtained. 6 Kai oi Katd-
Aoitor EvaKelu= oO pay NKw; cf Josh. 11,22.
Al wpwn, which can only be a clerical error, due to the influence of the imme- 3
diately preceding *ypwn. GSI unanimously hovxdoe.
MM ++ mwean, which three words later, is to be found in all the Versions also.
AL ANys, which is altered by the Q*ré to mys. G has cic Zopopa=Mpys; cf
also the similar parallel passage in Is. 15,5. The pointing My¥ (since in the
scriptio defectiva we have only to do with variation in pointing) is to be explain-
ed from 49,20; 50,45; cf also 14, 3.
AV K°thib nindn.
A has yn T2 *3D Da Ady 1323; G ev cavOuwd dvaPryoetar khaiwyv év 63H Qpw-
voit. 23, which is found in all the Versions is altogether meaningless, and °5,
which immediately follows, looks suspiciously like dittography; indeed 6 omits
it altogether. We should, according to the parallel passage Is. 15,5, emend
pein Taya) 1a Ady* 232; the copulative conjunction before 31192 can hardly be
dispensed with.
Ml+-"13, with which nothing can be done. © and € either did not read the
word or did not translate it.
AM sayyy>, which gives no satisfactory sense, whether we take the word as a
proper name or as an appellative; A wupikn; c% Iry 17,6. 6 has twomep dvoc
&ypioc=AWiy2, which is graphically almost identical, and presents a strikingly
appropriate image of the persecuted Moab fleeing in despair into the most
lonely and desolate wildernesses in order to save her life from the invading foe.
Al pnysizas Pwyns; G only év dxupwWuatt cov. $F translate the text of 4 (though
probably influenced by 6): 27 munitionibus tuts et in thesauris tuis; € consis-
=
oO
5
ur
os)
un
4o
50
25
(14)
(15)
18)
(20)
(30-38)
54 “HSS Feremiah so<heBtie— 25,1—38
chapter has undergone a revision which has completely distorted the original
meaning. This meaning is plainer in G than in Al, which exhibits a much more
advanced stage of revision. The form of the text adopted by us is based
throughout on SCHWALLY.
AY+ daa q>p aysata5 maw maw gn.
41+ 3337 Dy.
A+ 5D.
M058 MAY IAT A.
4 has DSws.
++ onynw xdr.
) Verses 4-6 are found in all the Ancient Versions (except that in 6 yswd is omitted
in v. 4, and 83 in v. 5), but belong altogether to the revision. They contain an
unusual number of strange expressions, and give a view of the fruitless efforts
of the other prophets as well, which is utterly inappropriate here.
Al 025 yrd po mys (Qeré ‘aD'ydm) “3a\DyIT yynd mM oss.
) #-+5>.
4 ninbwp; © correctly twatpiav.
AL+ “tay daa qbp aye7t513 58) mm os.
M+ mbsn.
Al osnoinm; © better Kai éFepnuwow avtovec.
AL has 522 959 ns nbsn oat yay); 6 correctly kai Soukevcouow ev toic EOveotv.
V. 12 also, which 6 presents in the shorter form Kal €v TW TANpWOFVvar Ta EBdO-
Luykovta etn exdiKr}ow TO EBvoc Exetvo Kai BrGouUML AUTOS Eig APavioudy aiWwvioy,
belongs to the revision.
The same is true both of v. 13>, which has, in 6, the reading ny 37 dy without 52,
and of vy. 14 which 6 omits entirely.
The passage 25, 1-13, in its present shape, was intended to form an introduction
to the book of discourses on foreign peoples, including those on Babylon cc.
46-51. The latter in 6 are actually introduced in this place, and must once have
stood here in Al also, since the words 13", which in 6 plainly form the heading
to the discourses on foreign peoples, are here retained in Al.
V. 141s then a further amplification laying renewed emphasis on the fact that the
Babylonian Empire, too, must undergo the wrathful judgement of JHVH.
AW nD 923; 6 simply ottwe.
Al ns; GCESF unanimously kai dpxovtac avtov.
AL mim ays ab>pdy mprw; G only xai cic ouptyudv. The copulative conjunction is
necessary, and the redundant words in Al are an addition, which is altogether
out of keeping with the situation in c. 25.
4 has 2197 52 ns}, and although this is confirmed by 6 Kai mdévtac tos ouMut-
Ktouc, the proper name Avaéza must certainly be read here.
AL+ pry pos 125p 52 si. It is especially easy to explain excrescences and ad-
ditions in just such a passage as this.
M+ prs.
M+ 52 (6725).
AMosnodp msi; © Kai Baondeic.
At 259 55 ney aay Dd.
M+ 55 ngy vant 12dp.
MM prsn (sic/) nisbpen. The article is syntactically impossible and stamps the
words as not original. 6 simply: kai mdoacg Baoieiac Tac emi TpooWTOU THs Fis.
Al-bomyins mine qww yoo. The atidash yw is sufficient to prove this a later 5
piece of trifling.
SCHWALLY (oc. cc¢.) has clearly established the fact that these nine concluding
verses are not original. An entirely different tone all at once appears in them,
on
N
4o
45
IO
25
(21)
(17)
(18)
(25)
9,21—25,1 Hoe Feremiah 23<p-ete- 53
an interval not less so. The emendation 13358, which is graphically very simple,
removes both objections. 3s pi3swH 33D>viT is imperatively required both by
sense and context. Al reads sni3a¥n y5wa, which can only be rendered: ‘hey
(people) have cast down our dwellings. 6 Kai ameppiyauev TA oKnVWUaTA Huby,
ze. ‘sniyDwH w2>5wM, and this shows the first stage of the corruption of the text,
viz. the falling out of the » before ®. ;
Before ndpo}, tl reads myn" O83 AD MDT. These words are grammatically very ob-
jectionable, have no meaning at all in this place, and disturb the whole metrical
arrangement, so that, following 6, we must strike them out.
Ml and all the Ancient Versions read mwn ‘35 Sy yotD, as in 8,2; 16,4;
25,32; cf also 2 K. 9,37; but this is not allowable for metrical reasons. The form
given in the text is based on y 83,11: motd jp7 Ym. G presents this verse ina
still further amplified form: kai éoovtat ot vexpol TWv dvOpWwrwv cic Tapdderyua
emi mpooWnou To Tmediou Thc Tic UUW, so that we might be tempted to expand
the thought into a complete stanza of two verses; but the metrical structure is al-
together opposed to this.
AM Kethib ‘naw. The fact that the metre hitherto employed is retained in this
verse also, shows that 10,17 is the immediate continuation of 9,21.
This 1x38 yy) is very difficult, but is the universally attested reading. 6 émwc¢ 2
evpeby f TANT cou; € pan maywp aps 513; 3 za ut inveniantur. § quite
freely, and with a different application: usteuseso ussasas, The inter-
pretation which we adopt, ¢hat they may feel it, is that best suited to the
context, although difficult to support by usage. The divine threat was intended
in bitter, deadly earnest — that must be the sense of the words; they are im-
mediately followed by the confession of humbled Zion that this severe
punishment is fully deserved. The interpretation ¢ha¢ they may find me, which
is to be found as early as S, cannot be established grammatically, and is based
on an incorrect understanding of 16,21. In this connection a promise is out
of place, even one that is made possible and brought about through the medium
of a severe punishment.
This verse is found in Al and all the Ancient Versions, though 6 omits the 11528)
at the end. But this verse gives rise to the most serious suspicion. Apart from
the question whether such an idea can be attributed to Jeremiah, it does
not suit the context here at all. The words are found, almost literally, in wy 79
(vv. 6-7) which is certainly Maccabean. There, as the outcry of a people driven
to despair by the frantic oppression of the heathen, and by devilish persecution
for the sake of JHVH, they are appropriate and psychologically natural. But
here, where these heathen have simply executed JHVH’s own sentence upon the
sinful people, it would be utterly inconsistent to call down God's wrath upon
the obedientinstrument of JHVH, inorder to avertit from the disobedient people. Such
a thing could only be possible, if the heathen had exceeded JHVH’s commission,
and done more than had been commanded them (cf Is. 10, 5-19; 47,6-15); but
such an idea would have to be expressed, and is, moreover, absolutely inap-
propriate to the context here. As the words stand, they are a clear expression
of the view that the heathen are in themselves an object of JHVH’s wrath, the
Jews an object of his favor, a view which directly contradicts the whole theo-
logy of Jeremiah. It is possible that originally something different stood here,
since v. 24 does not form a fitting conclusion to along connected discourse; but
it certainly could not have been the present v. 25.
The excellent treatise of SCHWALLY, ZAT. viii, 177-190, should be consulted in
regard to the whole of c. 25. SCHWALLY has shown convincingly that this
wn
30
40
45
50
o
a
(6)
(7)
( 10)
(14)
Q (4-5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(14)
(16)
(18)
52 Sekt Feremiah s3<beSiie- 8,5—9,18
) AL m2, which is either a dittogram of the initial 4 of yn, or is due to the
effect of the interpolated nowy.
Al+ob5wyy, which in the traditional form of the text, is impossible. We must
either read min ayn aaw yr, or adwi maw yp. We decide, with 6, in favor
of the former reading.
4S KSthib onis13.
AU Kethib pip.
M omnyw, but the asyndeton is here harsh, and quite inadmissible if the
words form the conclusion of a verse. The copulative conjunction must, there-
fore, be inserted, with 6S.
AM py na naw ny ww apy mwy mds yD apr sxvap pss ysa md. dy1a ayy yopp %2
yop yd aya 8d ndam way xd wis od wy mayin sD want? pibw parody ordw awxd mp3 dy
mm tps wD» ontps nya oD. An almost literal repetition of 6,13-15, which
suit here well enough, but are entirely unnecessary and, on the other hand, se-
parate nwa from vv. 13 and 14 which explain it. Since there is no reason for
supposing that the words have been either unintentionally or intentionally omitted
in 6, we must regard them as a later interpolation from c. 6.
4+ osay: od yas, which can only mean: and J gave them, caused to befall them,
what they had transgressed. This is in sense impossible, since the punishment
evidently lies in the future, and in point of language it would be most singularly
expressed. It is better to slightly alter the punctuation and read jAyy then J will
give them, bring upon them, those who shall pass over them, that is: the enemy
who are to execute the punishment; or according to the emendation proposed
by ROTHSTEIN, OWI: who shall devour them. But what is there to devour on
a fig-tree or vine which bears no fruit, and has even lost its foliage? The inter-
pretation most suitable to the context would be that of AOS kai €dbwKa avtoic kai
TraphASev avtovc, which (¢. e. fruit and foliage) 7 had given them, but which has
vanished from them. This interpretation is based upon a recognition of the fact
that the words 533 ndymi form a conclusion to both the preceding members, DYA3Y PX
TINNI DNN j'8) JI, and cannot, therefore, introduce an entirely new idea. But
since the structure of the verse does not absolutely require a new member, we
must, following 6, omit these words, as a gloss intended to form a transition be-
tween vy. 13 and 14.
A mm; G better évavtiov avtod.
Al has mY) O83 Me NYT RP ASIA AHI TNs Naws wa my7. 6G, on the other
hand, hdiknoav Kai ob di€ditov tod emotpewar. Tdkoc eri TdKwW Kal ddA0g Ett
ddAW* OUK MEhov Eidévar LE Prot KUpioc. Passing over the slight variant Nyn
for myn, the two readings are identical, except that the words are differently
divided. The form presented by G is by far the preferable one, on both material
and philological grounds.
6 a6 mpooWnov movnpiag OuTatpds Aaod pou. AL only “py NADH; but npr is
indispensable, and might easily have dropped out before n3.
The Q¢ré reads pynw instead of ymw, which is at least unnecessary; the K*thib
moreover is supported by 6 titpWoKovoa, and by J vudnerans.
Al +03, which, however, is rightly lacking in 6$3, and apparently also in €;
of. 59.29.
M-+-mn py ns. 6, correctly, simply isov éywW ywud avtobc. CFI translate as
though the text were m7 pym ns DNB 137.
MM maxVIM); but G cai pOeyEdo8wouv must be regarded as the original, as the
variation in Al between m3s8)3n and 7m3‘s)an\i immediately before also shows.
Al has »> prs, joining the ‘> to the following clause. But p.& alone, without any
qualification, would be very singular, and the repetition of the ‘> after so short
30
40
45
50
18, 16—8,3 108%
FeremiaB s2<esse- 51
idea is certainly most appropriate and in accordance with the: connection; but
the words do not suit the metre, and it cannot be supposed that the prophet
would here suddenly depart from the metrical arrangement, which he so strictly
maintains both in the preceding portion and also in the two following verses.
We must, therefore, while keeping as closely as possible to the traditional text,
bring the words into proper metrical arrangement, and this can be done either by
expanding the words into two verses, or by contracting them into one. The
form of the other stanzas, in which the idea is invariably expressed in two parallel
verses, compels us to adopt the latter alternative, unless we expand the preced-
ing verse Twp xwd “py c3an2w >, into a complete stanza by the addition of a
second verse, and this is in every respect a less advisable procedure. We must,
therefore, have a verb which can serve as predicate to both halves of the verse.
Since 5w> cannot be construed either with yp or with 5, I adopt qv which is
graphically the most probable, and is construed with both the above-mentioned
prepositions. pm and Jx.....n25 are later explanatory additions.
) #1 Kethib npn.
All the Versions have 7°31; but it is more in accordance with the structure of
the mp strophe, to have the second and shorter member follow asyndetically.
A points O818; but 6CTSF agree in reading deiEw adtotc=—oONy.
AL K*thib anw.
4 has ‘nn, which is certainly an error; cf 3,6.
For ym the Qeré would read yn", which would have about the same meaning,
but would not be so forcible an expression.
6 simply Gkovoate ddyov Kupiou méoa “lovdaia. Instead of this, #l presents
the beginning of this chapter in the following amplified form: 58 mn wWws 72107
MD DT yaw NAS) TT ADIT AS Ow NS ps mW n. Apwa Spy? soxd mim Asp ey
mid minnwad mdbxn oywa osxan atm 52. Since no reason can be assigned for
an unintentional omission of these words in 6, and still less for their intentional
omission, the shorter form of the text presented by 6 must be regarded as the
original. On the other hand, it is easy to see the motive which would lead to
the introduction of additions from 26,2.
The general traditional pointing is 33583, which EWALD cleverly alters to 43933.
#1+52, which has probably crept in here from the following part of the verse.
6 correctly omits it.
4 always points no>~, which evidently=n3xbp, and is regarded as a synonym
of the more usual Dw NAY. But originally the feminine of Jp was certainly
intended, which is always read 735. Cf especially on this point, KUENEN, Vers-
lagen en Mededeelingen de K. Akad. v. Wetensch., Afdeel. Letterkunde 3. Reeks,
Deel 5 (1887) [=KUENEN’s Gesammelte Abhandlungen (Freiburg i. B. 1894, pp. 186-
211] and, as the principal defender of the opposite view, STADE, ZAT. vi, 289-339.
AM Kethib xsi.
A+ nyywsa, as the word more commonly employed by Jeremiah in such a case.
Both words together give rise to an impossible construction, so that, following
6, we omit nivws.
The universally attested reading is oY ON.237, in which oO” is probably to be
regarded as a dittogram of the final n° of o'8237, since DY alone never means
daily; we should, in this case, have at least ay OY. Cf 25,4; 26,5; 29,19; 35,15;
44,4.
) Ht Kethib ies.
Al-+ oygwin, a dittogram from the preceding line and, therefore, rightly
lacking in 6.
Ur
+
oO
15
iS)
un
30
50
12
18
3)
10)
14)
(15)
50 Hest Feremiah o3<>-SH-- 12,5—18,15
cellent emendation m)3, which is almost categorically demanded by the sense
and the context.
The Q¢ré reads unnecessarily §\7 737) instead of 17371.
4H Kethib aps.
Both here and in the whole of the following passage, we must deviate consider-
ably from the traditional text. #1 reads “Ww 38 31997, which can be explained
in two ways: “IW may be taken to mean my jie/ds, and we may translate: Does
the snow of Lebanon that comes from the rocks leave my fields? that is, does it
ever cease to water Canaan? Or “Ww may be regarded as the well known poetic
by-form for m¥, and, according to 17,3; 21,3, referred to Jerusalem: Does the
snow of Lebanon cease from the rock of the field? In this case, comparing
w 133,3, a connection is assumed between the waters of Jerusalem and the
Lebanon. Then it is still better to adopt EWALD's view, and to see in the rock
of the field the peak of Lebanon itself, clad with eternal snow and visible
from afar. This interpretation of the words is undoubtedly the most natural and
probable; and we obtain this sense clearly and unambiguously, if we make the slight
alteration of ww to jw’. Sirion is, according to Deut. 3,9, another name for
Mount Hermon, which occurs also in poetry y 29,6; and the Anti-Lebanon is
still more appropriate here than the Lebanon, since the former is actually cover-
ed with perpetual snow, while the Lebanon attains the region of perpetual snow
only in its more distant northern portions lying outside of Palestine. For the
reading jw, 6 paves the way with its dm6 wetpac waotot and YS with do wEeTpaAc
uaotWv, which, since a status constructus is altogether out of the question, points
to a reading ov’ or pW. A presents here a noteworthy attempt to obtain a
satisfactory sense from the traditional text by means of a slight change of punc-
tuation: w) éyKataherpOrjoetar Grd oTEpeod ikavod yiWwv Tod Aipavou=3380 Ay
‘WW: Does the snow of Lebanon ever cease to come from the Rock, the Almighty
The change to jw is still not sufficient; we must also correct ay to AW.
ay used absolutely is very rare, and } ay is never used at all, while 3% occurs
Lam. 4,9 as a synonym of DD® in the sense, fow away, melt away, vanish.
The second hemistich is given by the entire tradition in the form: 3Wn3\ D8
Dd OP ow op. G wl} exxdivn tdwp praitwco dvéeuw pepouevov, goes back to a
text substantially the same; it evidently reads op instead of np, and renders
somewhat freely. I pass over here the numerous attempts to extract a tolerable
sense from np oO. It is evident, however, at the first blush, that the second
hemistich forms, in its syntactic relation to the first hemistich, the second member
of a double question, and also that, in regard to its matter, it must contain a
parallel thought to the first, a rhetorical question. It is, moreover, extremely
probable that the construction also was originally parallel to that of the first
hemistich. We are thus led to point n% as O° corresponding to 8». The
mountain peak is contrasted with the surface of the sea. The Mediterranean
Sea (vinx BY Deut. 11,24; 34,2; Joel 2,20; Zech. 14,8) was, for the Hebrews,
the Ocean, the great sea; and this reading must be restored here. That which
dries up from the ocean just as little as the snow melts from the mountain tops,
is the water. o°513 alone would be completely sufficient in poetic diction (Ex.
15,8; Is. 44,3; Cant. 4,15; Prov. 5,15; w 78,16.44), but since the metre positively
requires two words, we must read o%. The suspicious similarity of the two words
Dp on in the received text is very striking. The possibility of regarding them
as the corruption of an original pn‘ }1M8 cannot be gainsaid, and in this way
the conditions both of sense and parallelism are strictly fulfilled.
Here, too, a wide departure from the traditional text is necessary. fl has pxwio"
mbybo xb Jaa mana noo ndipy (Qeré *>yaw) “yaw pma712, and so all Versions. The
ut
ur
ur
40
45
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(13)
(17-18)
12
(5)
3,6—12,5 OSES FeremiaB ABSpeEHo— 49
#1 has ‘3m, but in accordance with the sense only the third pers. sing. fem. is
possible, as rendered by €$J¥ and explained by RasuHt and QAMHI. Al, more-
over, actually writes }tn) in v. 8. G has émépvevoav, as previously also émopev-
Onoav, but in many MSS, among them those of Lucian’s recension, we find
in both cases the singular émopevOn and émdpvevoev. An analogous case is ‘Nn
18,23.
The Q‘ré reads unnecessarily 81n) for 7S.
MT and most of the MSS of G have S48), Kai etdsov, which gives no sense. The
group of MSS which exhibit the text of Lucian, and S offer the only reading
which suits the context Kai eidev, itwo; and in G it is only a matter of the dif-
ference between eidov and eidev. J, rightly perceiving the impossibility of the
traditional text, passes over the word altogether.
Al has bpp, which 6€S3, the Masora and Rabbinical tradition derive expressly
from the stem 55p. In view of the large number of analogous formations, the
fact that no substantive 5p occurs makes no difference, but the idea would be
too weak.
41 has 430m. But since A3n is intransitive, we could only have pis 430M) as in
3,1, omitting MX, or PISATAS AINA), as in 3,2. The latter is preferable. C33
actually render so. 6 omits the words altogether.
4M pnypw, an error due to the influence of the succeeding verse. 63 correctly
UmKovoUs, audiste.
STADE has shown (ZAT. ili, 14-15) that vv. 17 and 18 have no connection with,
the preceding verses, but are an addition by a later hand. This is sufficiently
evident from the contradiction between vv. 14 and 18. In the former, the con-
verted remnant of the Ten Tribes of Israel are brought back to Jerusalem, which
is clearly regarded as still standing. In the latter, both Israel and Judah return
to Palestine from the northern land, so that Judah, too, is regarded as languishing
in exile. These interpolated verses have displaced the original conclusion of the
passage, since a discourse could not end with v. 16.
41 points very strangely nnyat, as also € and J. The only possible reading is
that of GS Kai Aadrjoetc, pelo. This would suggest M797), but we must assume that
onj33) was the original reading, and that 6 and S, rendering somewhat freely,
have left the suffixed pronoun untranslated, since otherwise it would be impossible
to account for the reading of Al.
Al + minarp nwa, an utterly impossible expression, which disturbs the whole struc-
ture of the verse.
4 sya, which is a mere clerical error. 6€SJ all read ev Kaiph; cf v. 12; 2,
27-28.
Al presents this verse in the form: WIp™w3 ODI ANeIET ANwY “2a IN) 7p
opm ts °DNYT *D pSy_ May:, which is so hopelessly corrupt that all attempts at
explanation must fail. 6 has tif fHrrammuevn ev tH otkw Mou Etroinoe PSEAVYLG;
wn) evxal Kai kpéa dia Apedovow Grd God Tas KaKiac Gov, 7 TOUTOIC diApEvEN;
This undoubtedly contains the original text, and from it the origin of all the cor-
ruptions of #1 can be readily and certainly explained.
The reading of Al and all Versions is \onb3, which can only be explained in a
forced and absurd manner. HIvzic’s emendation {nd3, on the basis of Deut.
34,7, is most excellent in its classic simplicity.
Ml reads 3np, specially noting the scr7ptio defectiva. But even € has thought
it necessary to alter the verb here. According to 14,15, 18° is evidently the
correct reading.
In place of the universally attested reading nwa, HITZIG again proposes the ex-
Jer. : 7]
ie)
20
es}
at
40
45
50
3 (6-16)
48 —caeet Feremiah os<reeie 6,9—3,6
of 2 to Wa (Q*ré) cannot be explained unless pr be understood in this
way.
MM correctly W3, which is altered by the Q*ré to 12, owing’ to its incorrect con-
ception of pn.
G émotpéwate (xeipa). The latter word is not found in all MSS, and in none
with the possessive pronoun. Al J, which arises through dittography of the
initial > of the following 13133, and consequently the infin. absol. 2% had to be
taken as imperative.
) A has pMIpB as in 49,8; 50,31; but all the Ancient Versions read on7ps, as also
Al in the passages 8,12; 10,15; 11,23; 23,12; 46,21; 48,44; 50,27.
4 nip, expressly pointed as} conversivum. © correctly ka8eotaKka, and CSF
have at least ef constitu?.
G xai ot Tomatvovtec Ta Toiuvia avTWY, which contains a most excellent and
apposite reference to v. 3. 4 Da™wWS"AS AIY YyB, which is utterly un-
intelligible. Since my in this connection can not possibly designate the
congregation of Israel (so €), or a portion of it, while 77y, without further quali-
fication, can hardly be taken as referring to the assemblage of the peoples (so
apparently 3), and the rendering ovvaywy é€v avtots (2S) is excluded by the
nx, A has cleverly thought of the stem Wy: kai yvWTte OY) Thy waptupiav tiv
ovoav ev avtoic. But in this case we should at least have 7p ns, and, further-
more, 77¥ never occurs in the sense of testimony given against one. We must,
therefore, gratefully accept the reading of 6: aA My ‘yn, though the construction
would certainly be smoother if we read nay ‘ys sy).
The Ké&thib 38°, in favor of which we have the testimony of all the Ancient
Versions, is altered by the Q*ré to 313%), which only makes the construction
more dragging and affected.
) The Qfré reads .x¥n and y35n in conformity with all the Versions. The K°thib
has ‘x¥n and ‘35n, which is due to the influence of the singular forms of the
following verse.
AL points 3¥3%, which gives no satisfactory sense. J. D. MICHAELIS proposes
here the excellent punctuation 1¥28; for 1¥2 in the sense of sefarating from ex-
traneous matter, said of the refiner of metal, c£ 1¥2 Job 22,24.25 (and 36, 19?).
6 (€v Aaotc dedoKiwGouevoic) probably read yma Ya, since }1M2, which im-
mediately precedes, and nana}, which immediately follows, are both rendered by
dokidZw, although the word ynap does not occur elsewhere, and 13‘ would be
graphically more probable; 933 pyin, Prov. 8,10, is actually rendered umép
XPUClov dEdoOKILAGLEVoY.
Al pnvxp in the K‘thib as one word; so also S$ vegies ge. The QOfré and
all other Versions divide into two words. We must also follow the Masoretic
accentuation, which joins Yx# to the second part of the verse and separates it
from Md! M3. “M3 is not, as GTSI take it, Nif‘al from Wn, but Qal from ANI
to snort, pant, of which no verbal forms occur, though it is undoubtedly the stem
from which are derived 77n3 8,16, 13 Job 39,20, and oxn3 Job 41, 12 (most
probably also JynnN33 Ez. 32,2, the clever emendation proposed by EWALD in
place of the traditional J)n1"733).
Al AY, which might be a nominal formation like }in in v. 27; but it is simpler
to read, with GSTAZ (cf also 9,23) the participle 413.
STADE (ZAT. iv, 151-154) has shown convincingly that 3,6-16 forms an inde-
pendent passage, complete in itself, which interrupts the connection between 5
3,5 and 3,19, and cannot originally have stood here. A certain affinity with
3,1-3 on the one hand, and with 3,20-22 on the other, may have caused its
insertion here,
on
sy
35
4o
(13)
(6)
(7)
5,13—6,7 Hae Feremiah <b 47
cf-also the German /aufisch. € seems not to have read the word. S freely, but
well Liael.
H+ ond nmvy. md. These words, rightly omitted in 6, are superfluous and,
moreover, do not suit the context. Speeches of the false prophets are not quoted
here, and even should we assume that the words of the people given in v. 12 are
merely the echo of the lies spoken to them by the false prophets, and, therefore,
substantially the language of the prophets, they are nevertheless not words of
ill omen, but promises of happiness, with reference to which it cannot be said:
may what they prophesy happen to themselves! Moreover the words which
immediately precede in v. 13, are the assurance of what is for Jeremiah an ab-
solute certainty, so that the wish that they may come to pass is utterly illogical.
STADE (ZAT. iii, 15-16), rightly says that verses 20-22 cannot be attributed to
Jeremiah. The inflated and pompous diction of v. 22 ill accords with the tone
of the remaining speeches, which is elevated indeed, but always simple; more-
over the use of the plurals 1137 and \y‘nwn in calling the prophet to deliver
prophetic addresses to Israel, is unparalleled.
4 K&thib m4.
AM has yy 27: 193y, which the commentators have endeavored to explain in
various ways: ¢hey overstep the words of evil, that is, they surpass in evil all
measure and limit; or ‘hey overflow with evil words or with evil. LO (kai mape- 2
Byoav tov AdTouC pou Ei¢ Tovnpdv) read “123, so also 3, and apparently €. 6
and §, on the other hand, xai tapéfByoay xptow ovK Expivav Kptow op@avod, did
not read yn “135 and took the inf. absol. } as a substantive standing as direct
object to ay. This sets us on the right track. yi "25 must in fact be stricken
out; and 3y must be emended to Way, in accordance with Deut. 32,15. The
pausal form of a "> verb with * retained, which occurs also Jer. 12,9, must be
preserved, as it affords the best explanation of the corruption 13).
A very doubtful passage in which the tradition varies greatly. We have trans-
lated in accordance with 4: 7 annihilate the lovely and delightful, the daughter
of Zion, The words are certainly disconnected and sound rather prosaic and
flat, but the fact that mp1 has, in the Qal, the meaning av/ilate, is positively
assured by Hos. 4,5. @ seems to have so understood the words, and RAsHI
and JOSEPH QAMHI explain in the same way. 2 and J Wuoiwoa, z. ¢. ‘NMI, and
DAvip QAMHI takes the Qal in this sense. S rather more suitably: oMysy
= ‘n93, which is taken as 2 pers. fem. written with » according to the Aramaic
form, but in this case a 5, or an 58 would be necessary. EWALD would avoid
this difficulty by rendering: 7 mean the daughter of Zion, which he takes as a
parenthesis; but 77 always means /o zagine something, never simply fo mean.
6 differs completely, reading m°73 instead of m3n and joining it to v. 1: Kai
OUVTpIB, MEGAN vtiveTar Kal GparpEeOryoetar TO Kyoco OUyYaTep Lwy. This would
give good sense and would suit the connection. They evidently read nan (cf
Mi.2,3) instead of sn‘, but the word apaipebryoetat causes some difficulty. A con-
sideration of #1 might lead to the conjecture Anaya: avd the haughtiness of the
daughter of Zion shall be brought low. But m3y3 is never translated by apaipet-
oOa, nor may by &paipetv, and the context requires something stronger than the
mere humiliation of haughtiness. It seems best, therefore, to retain the reading
of 4H.
M has myy without pA; so also €. All other Versions read myy, which is neces-
sary; cf. Deut. 20,19.
AM \pTD, but the same verb must stand in both hemistichs. "pn might be deriv-
ed from the stem 1p; cf YET wy 33,10; Ez. 17,19; VS w 89,33; YwH Hos. 8,4;
but the Jewish commentators expressly derive pn from “)p, and the change
oO
2
°
i)
ieay
bo
lo)
50
(16)
(19)
(8)
46 ieee Jeremiah ss<heste- 4,4—5,8
MI mbdry; so also E (taco movnpiac). CS better nay, cf Deut. 10,16. 6 freely
THv okAnpokapdiav buwy, but in a number of MSS (among them those which
contain the recension of Lucian) we find thy &kpofuotiay tij¢ Kapdiacg buddy.
Ml Kethib \ypnmi; so also J, a dittogram of the final } of MX. GCS agree with
the Qfré.
This verse is modeled on 14,13; 1,6; cf also 1,11.13; 11,5; 24,3. But while
in these passages the speech of the prophet is immediately followed by the di-
vine answer, we find here nothing of the sort; v. 11 completely ignores v. Io,
and connects directly with v.9. As regards the matter also, the words are
very suspicious. In spite of 1 K. 22,20-23, Jeremiah could not say that the false
prophets deceived the people by command of JHVH, nor does he ever say so,
however much he complains of the false prophets and contends against them:
of. especially the answer of JHVH in 14,14 with the standing o'nnbw xd (14, 19;
23,32; 27,14; 29,9) and the p>8"33 DD> IN'w of 29,8. The verse must accord-
ingly be considered as a later addition intended to exculpate Judah.
min. The Masoretic accentuation must be abandoned. Al joins 737 to the
following words, but 6 correctly regards it as containing the purport of In:
idov rKao1. Since Jerusalem alone, not the o%3 themselves, can be conceived of
as the recipient of the announcement, 5 must here, as frequently after 1X, serve
to designate that concerning which the announcement is made. It would have
been clearer, had the prophet said 037, but the simple 737 is also used in v. 24
where we should expect 037; cf also Job 9, 19.
Al presents in the K*¢thib the impossible form mmx, which, in order to obtain a
form grammatically possible, is altered by the Q¢ré to n>m\x. The reading 7>1n&
gives the meaning &AyW which is required by the context and is in accordance
with the entire tradition. This reading is in fact given in the BAER-DELITZSCH
edition, but there, too, is pointed mdynk. mdim¥ must, however, have actually stood
in the archetype of 4, since otherwise the misunderstanding of the form would
be simply inconceivable.
4 K*thib ‘nypw, which is altered by the Q*ré to ‘nypY. The context absolutely
requires the participle nys¥, which is also the reading of all the Ancient Versions.
In 22,29 we have two certain participial forms ending in ‘n.
Al reads mapp awe Xd snpma Xdi ‘Nbr ‘N35 > Sy; G, on the other hand, gives the
only natural and unconstrained order of the words: d16T1 €AdAnoa Kai ov peTa-
vorjow, Wpunoa Kal ovK d&rootpeww am atic.
6 correctly taoa 1 xWpa; so also € in the London Polyglot. Al ym, an error
produced by the influence of. the following ‘yn >.
4 Kthib ‘nx.
The following word 7w is wanting in 6, and is rather harsh syntactically, but
should nevertheless be retained.
Al K*thib mybox.
BAER-DELITZSCH point yswx}, and 6CSJ all take it in this sense. But most
printed editions of the Hebrew have yawx), and a few Greek MSS, among them
those which exhibit the recension of Lucian, have, in accordance with this read-
ing, kai WpxiZov as a doublet.
The K‘thib o3nNb, which gives perfectly good sense, is, to say the least, unneces-
sarily altered by the Q*ré to pn‘.
The difficult word Dw» is read by TJAO own; EDDY, but without obtain-
ing a satisfactory sense. # reads DY3¥, which can only be part. Hif. from a
stem 73¥, which must then be combined with maw ¢o wander about, which in Prov.
5,20 is also used of the madness of love. The stem pw, which EWALD would
compare (O°3¥—p pws) likewise unites the meanings of sw27/ng and heat or rut;
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of DNX¥b, which might be either first person (63), or second person femi-
nine (so $; € seems to have read onx¥%). Our translation follows the latter con-
struction as the more probable. ads >> by »> might also mean: ¢how hast not come
upon them breaking in, but on account of all this, that is, thou hast murdered them
on account of all thy sins and evil deeds, because they would not connive at
them, but rebuked thee for them; and this might refer to the murdered prophets
of v. 30: ‘pi D7 is actually used in this way in 2 K. 21,16; 24,4. The ex-
pression would, however, be extremely forced and unnatural. The reference of
mx 52 to Jad: Z have not found it (the blood of the murdered) 7” ¢he place of
breaking tn, but upon all these (the edges of thy garments), is likewise unsatis-
factory. It would seem to be the simplest plan to connect the words with the follow-
ing verse: but in spite of all this thou sayest: I am innocent, But here, too, serious
philological difficulties arise, and, moreover, this explanation is excluded by the
structure of both verses, according to which the words in question or their equi-
valent can only be connected with v. 34. No certain restoration of this corrupt
passage has so far been offered.
Al begins the verse with the word xd, which causes considerable difficulty.
It cannot mean wvz/go adicitury (3), and it is impossible to supply a form of 19x.
The assumption that the phrase 58 mim 935 4 has been omitted, or that XY 2
qbon wwe 2 ‘dN mT is to be supplied from v. 6, is excluded by the fact that
3,1 forms the immediate continuation of 2,37. It would seem, therefore, more
natural to take DN (2,37) as the werdwm dicendi or sentiend? wpon which 11x
depends. But the intervention of the words n> ‘msn 85) is opposed to this view.
We must, therefore, in accordance with 6S, omit the word, though it is difficult to
say how it got into the passage, since it can hardly be regarded as a dittogram
of the preceding o7d. It might possibly be the corrupt remnant of a verse that
has entirely dropped out, since the context, although intelligible as it stands,
would certainly be clearer if some such idea intervened as we find in Hos. 2,9:
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Then shalt thou say: I will return to my former husband, for I was better off 30
then than now.
AM K&thib snsnp and ‘n735.
The K¢thib \s5pn and \awn, expressly attested by 6 and S$, has been unneces-
sarily altered by the Q¢ré to ‘spn and ‘awn.
MBIN is expressly recognized by the Masora as an incorrect spelling for 854s.
évtwe ei¢ weddoc Hoav ot Povvoi kai H dUvauic TWY dpéwv, GSI and apparently
also €; AZ tO TANG0c TWv Opewv, which gives a better sense, and correctly omits
the copula. 4 has oF }iem iy pw jox. The simple change of the punc-
tuation to }ip7 is of no service, since the idea would still be very awkwardly ex-
pressed. No such form as 7y23 or nya for AY33 occurs, nor did the Masorites
find it here. In spite of 23,23 and w 101,7; Prov. 12,17; 19,5.9, it is altogether
impossible to divide differently and read nipyz3 a pw>, and nothing else remains
than to assume a clerical error and strike out the 1.
Verses 1 and 2 are an amplification of the words of JHVH in 3,22%, but both in
thought and expression decidedly foreign to the style of Jeremiah. 6 presents
them in a characteristically different form, in which their un-Jeremian character
appears still more distinctly: éd&v emotpagph lopand, A€yer KUpioc, mpdc We ETm-
OTpapryoeta, Kal Edv TEpleAy Ta PSEAUYUATA GUTOD EK OTdUATOS avTOD, Kal dtd
TOU TPOGWTOU LOD EVAGPNOA, Kal dudon* ZA KUptoc, WeTa GANVEIac Ev Kploet Kai
dikaioovvn, Kai EvAOYNOOUOW ev auTHW EBvy Kal ev aUTM aivéoouct TH Hew ev
lepovoaAnu. In reality, 4,3 forms the immediate continuation of 3,25 and con-
tains the answer of JHVH to Israel’s confession in 3, 22-25.
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As this verse mentions the eleventh year of Zedekiah it cannot have been
written in the fourth or fifth year of Jehoiakim.
41 Kethib Jus%.
) M+ vind); but as early as Sir. 49,7 the words are quoted in the form éxpiZodv
Kai KaKOUV Kal dtrodkAVElV WoaUTWC oiKodoUEtv Kal KAaTAMUTEVELV.
HM nnan; but G éxkavOyoeta, as in the foregoing verse heByta UToKatduevoy,
and as is required by the parallel with the preceding vision.
#1 ninnds; perhaps a mere clerical error; cf 2,25; 8,6; 17,23. The same variant
occurs 51,58.
Al 327m, which is in every respect strange. © well renders émi thelov opodpa=
a8) 7277.
npns, mraw, so GF; cf also 5,5. This may have been intended by At, but the
pointing is ‘*A732Y and ‘Apm3, and the first person is expressly confirmed by €S
AO.
The K*thib syayx, confirmed by 633, is altered by the Qfré to Ways; so also €.
Al has jb30, as in 22,26 MIns¥ pia, which is contrary to syntax, and only occurs
in rare instances in very doubtful passages.
) Al Kethib ww.
4 K¢thib 7303}, a mere clerical error; cf ad 1,18.
The K&thib ‘int’, confirmed by 6S@, is unnecessarily altered by the Q*ré to
33n7>%.
Al anpd. G correctly edcEaoGe.
[For max (STADE, § 302°: mbBxt) cf Dr. MARTIN JAGER’s note in his paper
on the semivowel * in Assyrian, printed in DELITZSCH’s and HAupt's Bettrage
sur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft, vol. i, p. 471 below. JAGER considers the
appended 7 in MAND; Myon (w 89,9); mnamdw (Cant. 8,6) an enclitic emphatic
particle. — P. H.]
6 ov énovnpevow tod wavai tac 6dov¢ cov, and this parallelism between ‘yn
and ni~ia was certainly intended in the original text. Al reads niyy-ns
ne? (K¢thib .789), which has about the same meaning, but is very unnaturally
expressed: thou hast taught thy ways evil.
) #1 + pax, which disturbs the farallelismus membrorum, and introduces an
erroneous, or at least misleading feature into the figure.
Al has at the end of the verse 17x73 dy °3, which is read by GS py, émi wéon
dput. The understanding of the passage is rendered difficult by the ambiguity
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-«a Arrangement of the Cert e--
N the present edition of the Book of Jeremiah the text is arranged in
Il chronological order. The first section of the book (pp. I—13) contains the
discourses which appear to have been delivered during the first twenty-three
years of the prophet’s ministry (B. C. 626—6o04). They were probably contained
in the original roll written down in the fourth or fifth year of Jehoiakim (B. C.
608—597) 7. e. 604 (cf. the account in c. 36). Then follow the discourses delivered
in the later years of Jehoiakim (pp. 13—16) as well as during the reigns of
Jehoiachin (597 B. C.; pp. 16.17) and Zedekiah (596—586 B. C.; pp. 17—23),
and after the destruction of Jerusalem (July 586 B. C.; pp. 23—25). An appendix
(p. 26) contains some displaced genuine passages of Jeremiah which cannot be
assigned to their proper places.
The second part of the book (pp. 27—37) comprises a collection of biogra-
phical chapters concerning Jeremiah’s life. They were evidently written after the
death of the prophet (which probably occurred shortly after 586) by a person
who appears to have been well informed.
Finally there follow some sections (pp. 38—43) written neither by Jeremiah
nor by the author of the biographical chapters.
Later glosses and interpolations within the several sections are relegated
from the text to the foot of the pages.
The arguments for this arrangement of the text are given in the explana-
tory notes on the English translation of the book,
Gr
asm Rist of Contributors es
Genesis: C. J. Ball (London).
Exodus: Herbert E. Ryle (Cambridge).
and H. A.
Leviticus: S. R. Driver
White (Oxford).
Numbers: J. A. Paterson (Edinburgh).
Deuteronomy: Geo. A. Smith (Glasgow).
Joshua: W. H. Bennett (London).
Judges: Geo. F. Moore (Andover).
Samuel: K. Budde (Strassburg).
Kings:
Schwally (Strassburg).
Isaiah: T. K. Cheyne (Oxford).
Jeremiah: C. H. Cornill (K6nigsberg).
Ezekiel: C. H. Toy (Cambridge, Mass.).
Hosea: A. Socin (Leipzig).
Joel: Francis Brown (New York).
Amos: John Taylor (Winchcombe).
Obadiah: Andrew Harper(Melbourne).
Jonah: Friedrich Delitzsch (Breslau).
Micah: J, F. McCurdy (Toronto).
Nahum: Alfred Jeremias (Leipzig).
* Died September 12th 1892.
B. Stade (Giessen) and F.
Habakkuk: W. H. Ward (New York).
Zephaniah: E. L, Curtis (New Haven),
Haggai: G. A. Cooke (Oxford).
Zechariah: W. R. Harper (Chicago).
Malachi: C. G. Montefiore and I, Abra-
hams (London).
Psalms: J. Wellhausen (GO6ttingen).
Proverbs: A. Miller* and E. Kautzsch
(Halle).
Job: C. Siegfried (Jena).
Song of Songs: Russell
(London).
Ruth: C. A. Briggs (New York).
Lamentations: M. Jastrow, Jr. (Phila-
delphia).-F
Ecclesiastes: Paul Haupt (Baltimore).
Esther: T. Kk. Abbott (Dublin).
Daniel: A. Kamphausen (Bonn).
pees | H. Guthe (Leipzig).
Chronicles: R. Kittel (Breslau).
Martineau
++ Professor A. Kuenen who had agreed to do the book died December 1oth 1891.
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