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LITTLE BOOKS ON ART
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LITTLE BOOKS ON ART
GENERAL EDITOR iJlCYRIL DAVENPORT]
BOOKPLATES
LITTLE BOOKS ON ART
Demy IQmo. 2s. 6d. net.
SUBJECTS
MINIATURES. Alice Corkran
BOOKPLATES. Edward Almack
GREEK ART. H. B. Walters
ROMAN ART. H. B. Walters
THE ARTS OF JAPAN. Mrs. C. M. Salwey
JEWELLERY. C. Davenport
CHRIST IN ART. Mrs. H. Jenner
OUR LADY IN ART. Mrs. H. Jenner
CHRISTIAN SYMBOLISM. H. Jenner
ILLUMINATED MSS. J. W. Bradley
ENAMELS. Mrs. Nelson Dawson
FURNITURE. Egan Mew
ARTISTS
ROMNEY. George Paston
DURER. L. Jessie Allen
REYNOLDS. J. Sime
WATTS. Miss R. E. D. Sketchlev
HOPPNER. H. P. K. Skipton
TURNER. Frances Tyrrell-Gill
HOGARTH. Egan Mew
BURNE-JONES. Fortun6e De Lisle
LEIGHTON. Alice Corkran
REMBRANDT. Mrs. E. A. Sharp
VELASQUEZ. WilfridWilberforce and A. R. Gilbert
VANDYCK. Miss M. G. Smallwood
DAVID COX. Arthur Tomson
HOLBEIN. Beatrice Fortescue
COROT. Ethel Birnstingl and Mrs. A. Pollard
MILLET. Netta Peacock
CLAUDE. E. Dillon
GREUZE and BOUCHER. Eliza F. Pollard
RAPHAEL. A. R. Dryhurst
t see page lij
BOOKPLATES
BY
EDWARD ALMACK, F.S.A.
WITH FORTY-TWO ILLUSTRATIONS
METHUEN & CO.
36 ESSEX STREET W.C.
LONDON
1904
l^<i^ v/-^2-.v>v.>"-v.^*- llh^^^^^-^JU^
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTORY
General remarks — Various modes of engraving — Styles in book-
plates ..... page I
CHAPTER II
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY
Very early plates— Albrecht Diirer— Other German artists— Early
English . . . . ... II
CHAPTER III
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY
Lucas Cranach — Charles V. — Hans Holbein — Early French and
English bookplates — Sir Nicholas Bacon — Queen Elizabeth —
Bookplates that are not armorial — Bookplates in Switzerland,
Sweden, and Italy . . . ... 20
CHAPTER IV
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY
The seventeenth century begins — German plates — William Mar-
shall — Lord Littleton — Huet, Bishop of Avranches . . 30
CHAPTER V
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY
Some French and some German plates — The cap of liberty —
Buonaparte — Alsace and Lorraine . . . . 38
CHAPTER VI
BOOKPLATES WITH MANTLING
Viscount Cholmondeley— James Loch of Drylaw — William Pitt of
Binfield . . . . ... 44
vi CONTENTS
CHAPTER VII
SOME SPECIMENS INSERTED IN A BOOK KEPT IN THE
BRITISH MUSEUM FOR THAT PURPOSE
Some bookplates kindly lent by Mr. G. F. Barwick — Wrest Park
plates — Sir John Lubbock . . . page 53
CHAPTER VIII
CHIPPENDALE AND CRESTPLATES
William Sharp the engraver — The Rev. John Watson — Edward
Trotter — Patrick Colquhoun . . ... 62
CHAPTER IX
MODERN BOOKPLATES
Remarks on examples given in The Studio, special winter num-
ber, 1898-9 . . . . ... 69
CHAPTER X
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES
The'proper place for a bookplate is in a book — Gordon of Buthlaw
— Spencer Perceval — William Wilberforce — A bookplate for a
special purpose— George Ormerod — Robert Surtees — Cathedral
plates . . . . ... 76
CHAPTER XI
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA . . ... 121
CHAPTER XII
INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS
John Collet of Little Gidding — A book that was in the Battle of
Corunna — Henry Howard — Sir Percivall Hart — John Crane
and the Battle of Naseby . . . • • 155
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
172
»75
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
SAINT BENEDICT
NOVACELLA
MARIDAT, P.
MALDEN, PAUL DE .
MERCATOR, NICHOLAS
PEPPER, PRESCOTT .
VAUGHAN, FRA.
THROCKMORTON, SIR ROBER'l
MORS, SOLA RESOLVIT
BECKWITH, THOMAS
BUNSEN, CO..
EARL DE GREY
LUBBOCK, SIR J. W.
CARRUTHERS, WILLIAM
SHARP, WILLIAM
WATSON, THE REV. JOHN
TROTTER, EDWARD
GORDON OF BUTHLAW
PERCEVAL, THE HONBLE. SPENCER
EARL OF GUILDFORD
WILBERFORCE, WILLIAM
CONSTABLE, THE REV. JOHN .
Frontispiece
PAGE
i6
38
40
44
46
48
SO
51
52
56
57
58
6q
6a
63
64
76
77
78
80
86
Vlll
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
BATEMAN, WILLIAM
DUKE OF BEAUFORT
CONDUITT, JOHN
WHEATLEY, HENRY B.
RAINE, JAMES
FIOTT, JOHN
DUKE OF SUSSEX .
CAMPBELL, THE HONBLE. ARCHIBALD
CAMPBELL OF SHAWFIELD
GURNEY, HUDSON .
CHICHESTER CATHEDRAL
NEWCOME, THE REV. T.
WOOD, THE REV. MAXLEY .
PRINCESS SOPHIA .
BANDINEL, BULKELEY
BLISS, PHILIP
DENHOLM, SIR JAMES STEWART
OUSELEY, SIR GORE
HEATHCOTE, GEORGE PARKER
JARVIS, SAMUEL FARMAR
90
91
92
93
96
98
100
102
104
105
106
107
109
109
no
112
116
118
146
BOOKPLATES
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTORY
General remarks — Various modes of engraving —
Styles in bookplates.
OF course some people have exag"g"erated
the importance of bookplates, and on the
other hand some have affected to ignore them.
Now the simple fact is that bookplates belong
to books, and anything that has to do with
books will assuredly charm cultivated minds
until time shall be no more. If this essential
point were oftener remembered, the exaggera-
tions of both sides would be avoided.
In Germany, a country where bookplates very
earl}^ found a home, the word bibliothekzeicheuy
or library label, is used. Germans also use the
name ex lihris^ and in France the Latin expres-
sion ex libris is the only term in use. Naturally
the owner's name in the genitive case is always
B
2 BOOKPLATES
understood. In France manuscript inscriptions
of ownership are very fittingly included as ex
libris.
It is too late to change now ; but, at all
events, whether included or not under any-
special word, manuscript inscriptions in books
by their owners will always be a very interest-
ing study.
What, as explained above, are in France
included under ex libris, were known long
before the days of printing, as personal inscrip-
tions with or without the delineation of armorial
bearings are often to be found forming part of
the text of books in manuscript. In fact the
various relationships of wealthy patron, learned
scribe, and skilled illuminator, gave much scope
for these.
To come to what may be said to be known
everywhere as ex libris, is to treat of those
wonderful days when the earliest printed books
were still a novelty. Directly several people
or institutions each had copies of a certain
printed book, each copy being a duplicate of
the other, a wish arose to distinguish owner-
ship.
Before treating further of bookplates, it will
be well to clearly point out the different kinds
of blocks or plates. The woodcut block, known
LNTRODUCTORY 3
in some manner to the Chinese 400 years before,
was first cut in Europe early in the fifteenth
century. The St. Christopher engraved in
Germany in 1423, is probably the earliest.
The piece of wood to be engraved was cut
longwise with the grain, as a plank is cut to-
day. A thin piece of some soft wood, such as
pear, apple, or lime, was chosen, the design
drawn upon it, and then with a knife the en-
graver cut away to a certain depth everything
except the drawn design.
In modern times — about 1785— a revolution
took place in wood engraving, when Bewick
began to engrave on a piece of wood cut end-
wise, and with a graver instead of a knife.
Bewick chose some very hard wood, usually
box. This manner has been continued to this
day ; and sometimes to distinguish the old art
from the new, as the one is so different from
the other, the former is called a woodcut and
the latter wood-engraving.
Next as to etchings. To produce an etching
a copper plate is covered with wax, then with
an etching-needle the design is drawn through
the wax to the copper. Acid is then applied,
which, of course, only eats out the copper
where the design has been etched.
Now as to copper-plate line engravings. The
4 BOOKPLATES
engraver first traces on the plate the outline
of his design, and then with the triangular-
pointed graver he furrows out the lines, inclining
his graver deeper or shallower according as he
wishes to produce varying effects. Copper-plate
engraving has been practised ever since early in
the fifteenth century. About 1820 engraving on
steel came into vogue. More impressions can
be taken from a steel than from a copper plate ;
but steel is more difficult to engrave upon. By
a new process, however, a copper plate can now
be strengthened with a steel film.
Mezzotint engraving is an art by itself, and
of great interest to English readers, because
of the many charming mezzotint engravings
after England's great portrait - painter, Sir
Joshua Reynolds ; and also by reason of
Prince Rupert, the brave cavalier's, close con-
nection with the art. He has often been said
to have invented mezzotint ; but the first credit
for this is now given to another gallant soldier,
Ludwig von Siegen, who engraved a plate in
1642, and kept his discovery a profound secret
until, in 1654, he found himself in Brussels
with Prince Rupert. The two kindred spirits
meeting, the secret was soon unfolded. Rupert
became as eager in another field as if he were
leading a cavalry charge, and in four years'
INTRODUCTORY 5.
time appeared his splendid mezzotint engraving",
The Executioner of John the Baptist. As the
object of this book is not to give a serious
treatise on elaborate methods of engraving, it
will best express mezzotint to state that it is in
general terms produced by the opposite process
from a line engraving. A very smooth copper-
plate surface is, as it were, engraved all over.
Then the design is wrought on this by a
scraping process.
A kind of stipple or dotted engraving was
known early in the sixteenth century ; but
what is really famous as stipple and dotted
engraving, only came into vogue in the
eighteenth century. The copper plate was
first covered with wax, and a dotted outline
of the subject pricked through the wax with
an etching - needle. Then the shadows were
filled in, and finally acid used, as with an
etching. Francesco Bartolozzi's is probably
the name best known in this connection, though
in masterly ability, William Ryland, who was
hanged for forgery, far surpassed him.
In aquatint engraving, the plate to be en-
graved is covered with a solution made of
resin and spirits of wine ; this process produces
a surface more or less open to the action of
acids when applied. In the hands of a skilful
6 BOOKPLATES
manipulator, a fine engraving results from this
" more or less " condition.
Here, in beginning" to record the succeeding
styles of ex libris, let us refer to the varieties
which have prevailed at different times amongst
Deutschland bookplates. In the first place
careful note must be made regarding six
coloured drawings of the fourteenth century
which Herr Warnecke includes as bookplates,
in his splendid work — Die Deutschen Biiche-
zeichen. Now if once it be admitted that
something inscribed in a book as in fact a
necessary integral part of that book, is a
bookplate, then it becomes impracticable to
draw a distinguishing line.
Next, if like the old preachers, we divided
the description into three headings, firstly,
secondly, and thirdly, we should on this subject
record : firstly, German ex libris are armorial ;
secondly, they are armorial ; thirdly, they are
armorial. Especially in the earlier plates, the
crest is always in its proper place over a helmet,
and the helmet over the shield of arms. It
would be well if with just an artistic frame
to enclose the whole the bookplate stopped
there ; but alas, there is only too often besides
a multitude of fantastic accessories, which give
a confusing instead of a pleasing impression.
INTRODUCTORY 7
Coming down towards the seventeenth century,
you are sometimes favoured (?) with a fantastic
maze of the quarteringfs and emblems of the
owner's relatives to the fortieth generation.
Predominant in the seventeenth century is
what is known as the Baroque style, with
designs of endless curves and contortions,
drawn in a very heavy manner.
Some of the plates which are most pleasing,
are those where the arms are surrounded by
light wreaths of leaves and flowers.
Reaching the eighteenth century, the Rococo
or Shell style, begun in France, becomes common
in German bookplates. Late in the century
there are, too, some curious and pleasing alle-
gorical plates.
Of early nineteenth-century German ex libris,
perhaps the less said the better ; but a few are
good and all help in making history, so that
it is interesting to know that the famous author
and collector, Karl Emich Count zu Leiningen-
Westerburg, had between seven hundred and
eight hundred specimens.
Since then, with the union of Germany, has
come, as all the world knows, an artistic and
literary development in ex lihris, as well as in
other branches of art. All this, and a million
other points about German bookplates, are
8 BOOKPLATES
admirably told in the late Karl Emich Count
zu Leiningen-Westerburg's book, translated
into English for the ex libris series.
In the styles of French bookplates, the more
or less simple armorial is most often met in the
earlier examples, although one of the best
known — that of Charles Ailleboust, Bishop of
Autun, had nothing armorial about it.
Heraldry, of course, took an early and master-
ful hold of the French aristocracy, although
-even in France, in quite early years, it was
found necessary to fix fearful fines and penalties
for people assuming insignia to which they had
no lawful claim.
Up to about 1650, the almost rectangular
shield prevailed in French bookplates ; but
soon after this, oval shields predominate, and
not seldom capped by coronets to which the
owners had no title. There is often at the
base of the shield a solid plinth, usually bearing
the chief inscription.
Then in the latter half of the eighteenth
century comes the Rococo or Shell style of
bookplate. At the same time, too, there are of
course Field-Marshals' ex libris, defended by
guns, and Lord High Admirals' bookplates
reclining amongst anchors.
In 1790 the French Assembly passed a decree
INTRODUCTORY 9
annulling the titles of duke, count, marquis,
viscount, baron, and chevalier ; also doing"
away with all armorial bearings.
In regard to the st3'les of English bookplates
we cannot do better than, for the most part,
to refer to the learning of Mr. W. J. Hardy^ —
a man steeped to the finger-tips in ancient
lore.
Up to about 1720, " Simple Armorial " is the
best brief record. The shield is surmounted
by a helmet, on which are the wreath and
crest. From the helmet is outspread mantling,
more or less voluminous. In earlier examples
this terminates generally in tassels, before
reaching the base of the shield. In later
examples its heavy folds descend quite to the
base, and often ascend from the helmet to the
level of the top of the crest. Below is a scroll
for the motto, and below that, the owner's
name. Next we come to what is known as
the Jacobean style, but to which the much
more fitting name of "Queen Anne and early
Georgian" should be given. The style includes
mainly an ornamental frame, suggestive of
carved work, resting as often as not upon some
kind of conventional support ; the ornamenta-
tion of both frame and support being of the
interior architectural order, making frequent
lo BOOKPLATES
use of fish scales and trellis or diaper patterns
for the decoration of plain surface.
Next we find the Rococo style introduced
from across the Channel, and this before long
time, merging into the well-known Chippendale
style, so closely associated with English book-
plates. After this, in English bookplates comes
the festoon, or wreath -and -ribbon style, in
which certainly many charming ex lihris were
engraved. As Mr. Egerton Castle points out,
one of the surest ways of knowing this later
Georgian style is by the spade shape of the
shields, and altogether a manner which calls
up memories of designers and architects such
as Sir W. Chambers, Adams, Wedgwood, or
Sheraton.
CHAPTER II
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY
Very early plates— Albert Dlirer— Other German artists
— Early English.
THE bookplate here given as a frontispiece,
may be the oldest in the world. At all
events, it remains to this day a fifteenth-century
bookplate in a fifteenth -century book. The
work is a Latin treatise on logic, in a German
hand. Mr. W. H. J. Weale has very kindly
looked at the book, and writes : "The binding
is German, I think Bavarian; but although the
same stamps, or rather, to be accurate, some
of them, occur on several bookbindings I have
copied, I have never been able to locate them.
The S. Benedict with the book, and glass with
the serpent issuing from it, is evidently German ;
the arms have nothing to do with the Saint, or
the order, nor are they the arms of an abbey,
but no doubt those of a layman to whom the
book belonged."*
Now to come to the real or almost personal
* Where not otherwise specified, the book or book-
plate is in my own library. — E. A.
II
12 BOOKPLATES
story of engraved bookplates or ex libris, as
we may call them indifferently. First we will
talk of the oldest, and then gradually come
down to our own time. Germany was the
fatherland of bookplates, and it is of great
interest to remember that it was, too, the
fatherland of printing and of wood-engraving.
The earliest known engraved bookplate is
that of Hildebrand Brandenburg, a monk of
the Carthusian Monastery at Buxheim, near
Memmingen, to which he was evidently in the
habit of presenting books. The woodcut shows
an angel holding a shield on which are dis-
played the arms of the Brandenburg family, a
black ox with a ring passed through its nose.
The late Karl Emich Count zu Leiningen-
Westerburg, the great authority on German ex
libris, suggests that either Biberach or Ulm
was the birthplace of this bookplate, and in or
about the year 1470, which is a year before
Albert Diirer was born.
Another bookplate, also armorial, of about
the same date, and found in a book given to
this same monastery at Buxheim, is that of
Wilhelm von Zell. Lastly, there has as yet
been found one other which is grouped with
these two, as of about the same date. It re-
presents a hedgehog with a flower in its mouth,
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 13
on grass strewn with flowers. It was eng"raved
for Hans Igler. Igel means a hedgehog", and at
the head of the ex Hbris is cut the inscription :
" Hanns Igler das dich ein Igel Kiis."
After this there may be mentioned the follow-
ing six plates before we turn over the leaf of a
new century. The inscribed armorial ex Hbris
of Thomas Wolphius, Pontificii Juris Doctor,
and that of Rupprecht Muntzinger^ a block of
South German origin, and ascribed by some to
the hand of M. Wohlgemuth. Two anonymous
plates, both armorial, and in saying anonymous
it must not be supposed that the owner was
not well known in his day, and probably long
afterwards. One represents the head of a bull
caboshed, with a sickle issuing from it. The
other, the fleur-de-lis, is on a shield, and for
crest, the half figure of a man with a battle-
axe. Then two bookplates, the body of which
has been engraved and space left for one or
another person to use them.
Passing now into the sixteenth century, and
still keeping to chronology as our main guide,
we can turn at once to Albrecht Diirer as a
designer of ex Hbris, and we now move on to
safer ground, as we begin to find dates, and
then soon names or monograms of engravers.
Albrecht Diirer, the second son of Albrecht
14 BOOKPLATES
Diirer, goldsmith, was born in the good city of
Nuremberg on the 21st May, 1471.
Like Benvenuto Cellini, born some thirty
years later, young Albrecht Diirer's first ex-
perience of handiwork was in the goldsmith's
craft ; but with a difference, as Benvenuto
Cellini learned the goldsmith's art against his
father's will. On St. Andrew's Day, i486,
young Albrecht had the joy of inducing his
father to apprentice him for three years to
Michel Wohlgemut. This step, important in
the young artist's life, is especially important in
our consideration, as, with the aid of Anton
Koburger, the princely printer, who was Albrecht
Diirer's godfather, Michel Wohlgemut founded
the great Nuremberg school of wood-engrav-
ing. From 1490 to 1494 Diirer was on his
travels, and spent some while in Venice, where
he was again in 1505 to 1507. On the 14th
July, 1494, after his home-coming from his
first wanderings, he was married to Agnes, the
daughter of Hans Frey. For the rest, this is
not the place for a history of his works. His
noble life was closed on the 6th of April, 1528,
and thus before he had reached the age at
which many artists have done their best work ;
but what vast treasures he had wrought within
those fifty-seven years !
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 15
The following" five ex libris have been, on
good authority, distinctly ascribed to Albrecht
Diirer's art : two varieties of a woodcut made
for Willibald Pirckheimer, of Nuremberg", one
with and one without the well-known motto
" Sibi et Amicis." This is a fine armorial plate
with helmet, and arms of himself and his wife.
One of three ex libris used by Johann Stab, a
learned mathematician and poet, a friend of
Albrecht Diirer. This is an armorial plate,
and is disting"uished by having a laurel wreath ;
but no inscription. In the Albertina Museum
at Vienna is Diirer's original drawing" in violet
ink for the armorial woodcut bookplate of
his friend Lazarus Spengler, Recorder of
Nuremberg. The armorial woodcut ex libris
of Johann Tscherte, exhibiting a satyr and
dogs. Tschert, in Bohemian, means a satyr or
devil.
Besides the foregoing", there exist several
sketches by Diirer which can hardly have been
intended for anything" but bookplates ; and also,
before passing from Diirer, the large bookplate
for Dr. Hector Pomer, the last Prior of the
Abbey of St. Laurence in Nuremberg, must be
mentioned. In itself a beautiful work of art, it
bears a date, 1525, and the wood-engraver's
initials, " R. A." The drawing is worthy of the
1 6 BOOKPLATES
hand of Durer himself, and " R. A." probably
cut the block in Diirer's studio, from the great
master's own design. On the chief shield are
the arms of the monastery, the gridiron of St.
Laurence quartering the arms of Pomer. By
the shield, stands St. Laurence holding in one
hand a gridiron, and in the other the martyr's
palm. The motto: "To the pure all things
are pure," is given, as was Durer's wont, in
Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. At the bottom of
all is the owner's name, " D. Hector Pomer
Praepos S. Lavr. "
Before quite leaving Diirer, the earliest dated
German bookplate should be named, as some
think that he had a hand in it, especially as it
was for a friend of his, Hieronymus Ebner von
Eschenbach, born in Nuremberg on the 5th of
January, 1477, educated at Ingolstadt, and
afterwards in the household of the Emperor
Maximilian, he became a learned lawyer and
judge. He was a friend and ally of Martin
Luther, and engaged in a cultivated corre-
spondence with many of the leaders of that
age.
Following the start given by Albrecht Diirer,
Nuremberg continued to be the home of book-
plate engraving ; but very soon copper-plate
engraving took the place of woodcuts.
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BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 17
Two of the best engravers were two brothers,
Hans Sebald Beham, born in 1500, and Barthel
Beham, born in 1502. Both were skilful en-
gravers, and both were expelled their native
city as heretics. The elder engraved the plate
for one of Dr. Hector Pomer's smaller ex libris,
and the younger brother engfraved the two
varieties of bookplates for Luther's friend,
Hieronymous Baumgartner. He also engraved
a plate for Melchior Pfinzing", provost of a
church in Mainz.
Here we will turn aside from Germany for a
moment just to refer to an undoubted English
bookplate of this early period. It remains to
this day in a book known to have belongfed to
Cardinal Wolsey, and afterwards to Henry VOL
This, though not an eng^raving*, is none the
less a bookplate. Mr. W. J. Hardy, our
best authority on English ex libris, has de-
scribed it : A carefully drawn sketch of the
cardinal's arms, with supporters, and sur-
mounted by a cardinal's hat, the whole coloured
by hand.
Thus the very earliest English ex libris of
which we know was used by the more than
princely Thomas Wolsey, and at some time
between 15 14 and his death in 1530, in which
interval he was the arbiter of empires, some-
c
I 8 BOOKPLATES
times journeying attended b}' a personal retinue
of two hundred gentlemen in crimson velvet,
and then, later, what a contrast — " He was
without beds, sheets, table-cloths, cups and
dishes ! "
Matthias Jundt, born at Nuremberg in 1498,
and died in 1586, engraved a good number of
ex libris. He produced several for members of
the Nuremberg family of Pfinzing, and in one
of them, that of Seyfried Pfinzing von Hen-
fenfeld, there is used one of those fanciful con-
ceits so common of old; the motto "Saluti
Patrije Vixisse Honestat " is used to show the
owner's initials. Virgil Solis, born at Nurem-
berg in 1 5 14, engraved both on copper and on
wood, working mostly from his own designs.
The engravings known to be by him number
eight hundred. He engraved an ex libris block
for Gundlach of Nuremberg in 1555. It re-
presents Pomona, with the arms of Gundlach
and Fiirleger, in a beautiful landscape. In
the same year he engraved an armorial and
landscape plate for Andreas Imhof, another
Nuremberger. This is our first mention of
landscape bookplates, but it will be by no
means the last. The last of this set of en-
gravers whom we will mention was not a
native of Nuremberg, but came there from
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 19
Zurich, at the age of twenty-one, in 1560, and
died there in 1591. His best work was in
woodcuts. The curious in caUigraphy will find
that he signed his initials in twelve different
forms. His name was Jost Amman.
In German Bookplates, translated for George
Bell and Sons' ex libris series, nearly twenty
bookplates engraved by Jost Amman are enu-
merated, and good reproductions are given of
several. There is the usual armorial shield,
but a large amount of richly decorative renais-
sance engraving outside it. In the plate
engraved for Veit August Holzschuher, the
owner has evidently signed his name in a
space at the foot of the block left for it. His
arms fittingly display a pair of wooden shoes
to fit his name. One cannot help wishing that
more of these early private ex libris had such a
space, bearing the ancient owner's autograph.
CHAPTER III
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY
Lucas Cranach— Charles V.— Hans Holbein — Early French
and English bookplates — Sir Nicholas Bacon — Queen
Elizabeth — Bookplates that are not armorial — Bookplates
in Switzerland, Sweden, and Italy.
IN the ex libris which Jost Amman made
for "Johann Fischart genannt Mentzer "
the initial letters J. F.G.M. are the initial letters,
too, of the owner's motto: "Jove fovente
gignitur Minerva."
Leaving now the Nuremberg school, we
come to Lucas Cranach the elder. He is just
one of those figures of old time of whom one
would like to know much more. His chivalrous
attachment to Frederick the Magnanimous, the
last of three Electors of Saxony, all of whom
he served, points to noble traits of character.
He shared all the sufferings of Frederick the
Magnanimous in the five years that he was in
the hands of Charles V., although himself an
old man, went with him to Weimar on his
release in 1552, and died there in his eighty-
20
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 21
first year, on the i6th October, 1553. His
painting's and engravings are without number,
the latter mostly woodcuts. One special
interest of his work is that he was fond of
introducing homely portraits of his friends,
and portraits always give great interest to
ex libris.
Among the ex libris from the hand of Lucas
Cranach the elder are the woodcuts, in four
dlflferent sizes, engraved for the Library of
Wittenberg University, and each bearing the
portrait of Frederick the Magnanimous.
At the foot of each is the inscription —
" Et patris, et patrui, famam, virtutibus, aequat.
Sui patris et patrui, nobile noinen habet.
Adserit, invicto divinum pectore verbum,
Et Musas onini dexteritate juvat.
Hiiic etiam ad promptos studiorum contulit usus,
Inspicis hoc prsesens quod modo Lector opus."
Hans Holbein has been credited with the
designs for two woodcuts ex libris.
With the great amount and variety of work
done by Holbein it would be most natural that
he should have designed some ex libris. We
of to-day can only deal with what has survived.
For instance, scores of precious works printed
three hundred years ago have wholly passed
out of knowledsfe.
22 BOOKPLATES
What a charming- bookplate Hans Holbein
would have invented — who knows that be did
not? — say, for his noble martyr friend Sir
Thomas More — perhaps depicting sweet Mar-
garet Roper reading to her father, adding at
foot of the plate some quaint motto from
Erasmus ! Hans Holbein lived scarcely forty-
six years.
Next we will mention Hans Burgkmaier,
born, too, at Augsburg in 1473, and a son of
Hans Holbein the elder's father-in-law\ Several
ex libris have been assigned to his hand ; but
with no certainty. The Emperor Maximilian I.
was his patron, and Albrecht Diirer his friend.
Now we reach about the time of what, until
lately, was accounted the earliest French book-
plate with a date. This bears the brief but
comprehensive inscription: "Ex bibliotheca
Caroli Albosii. E. Eduensis. Ex labore quies."
The earliest known dated English ex libris
is also of 1574; but we always, in courtesy,
put our friends before ourselves, and remember
Napier's splendid remark on hearing that Lord
Mahon had contemptuously spoken of Napier's
History as the best "French" history of the
war: "I always thought that to be generous
to a noble foe was truly English, until my Lord
Mahon informed me it was wholly French."
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 23
Sir Nicholas Bacon's bookplate bears his
arms with helmet surmounted by crest ; the
crest being-, of course, the only crest that could
belong to Bacon. The Germans very properly
never dreamt that a crest oug-ht to appear any-
where but on a helmet. We have not been so
correct. This recalls the blank amazement of a
German on beholding- a British officer in plain
clothes. I remember thirty years ago, in Ger-
many, my friend FitzRoy Gardner happening
to show a photograph of Field-Marshal Sir
John Burgoyne in plain clothes. The exclama-
tion came at once, " He cannot be an officer,
he is not in uniform." This was, of course, the
chivalrous old warrior who, in his yacht, brought
the lovely Empress of the French safely to our
shores.
This very interesting and early English
bookplate has at the foot Sir Nicholas Bacon's
motto: " Mediocria Firma," and we need
not go here in full into the point of its date,
which is fairly established. It is with an
inscription in books given in 1574 by Sir
Nicholas Bacon to Cambridge University. Sir
Nicholas, perhaps best known for being the
father of Francis, was the close friend of Cecil,
Lord Burleigh, and Matthew Parker, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, fellow - ministers with
24 BOOKPLATES
him of Queen Elizabeth. Queen Bess often
made herself his guest, and after her visit of
six days in 1577, her host had the door by
which she had passed under his roof nailed
up, so that no one, after her, mig"ht cross the
same threshold. Oh for the picturesque days
of old ! Lord Beaconsfield alone, in our day,
might have thought of such a graceful act.
The second dated engraved English book-
plate known at present is that of Sir Thomas
Tresham, knighted by Queen Bess in 1575.
The plate is armorial, with a huge array of
quarterings ; helmet surmounted by crest in
proper style. Inscription: " Fecit mihi magna
qui potens est. 1585. Jun. 29,", and below the
arms : " S Tho: Tresame Knight."
Sir Thomas married Muriel, daughter of
Sir Robert Throckmorton, and their son was
Francis, "a wylde and unstayed man," who
first engaged in, and then revealed, the Gun-
powder Plot. The father's dying, in 1605, was
probably the cause of the son's not going
forward in the plot, as he inherited property
which would steady his aspirations. Sir Thomas
left interesting memories of himself in fine
buildings ; and particularly in his own county
of Northampton, the market-house at Rothwell,
and the triangular lodge at Rushton.
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 25
A characteristic German plate of about 1570
is that of Johann Hector zum Jungfen, with his
name thus engraved in full under his arms, and
the Latin motto : " Memorare nouissima tua,"
at the top of the plate. In the earliest ex lihris
we did not find the owners' names engraved.
So far almost everything has been purely
armorial, and now we will turn to something
different. This is a 1588 German plate; cer-
tainly it bears a small shield of arms, but most
of the plate is occupied with the following
engraved inscription: "Reverendus et Nobilis
Dominus Wolfgangus Andreas Rem a Ketz,
Cathedralis Ecclesia August: Sum: Praepositus,
librurn hunc uni cum mille et tribus aliis,
variisque instrumentis Mathematicis, Biblio-
thecffi Monasterii S. Crucis Augusta, ad per-
petuum Conventualium usum, Anno Christi
M.D.LXXXVIII. Testamento legauit. "
We have noticed 1574 as the date of the
earliest English dated bookplate, the next dated
is not until 1585, and in France the gap is still
wider ; 1574 is the earliest dated French plate,
and the next that has been found is dated 161 1.
In Sweden, too, many years passed after the
1595 example without a dated successor. In
Switzerland, also, where the earliest dated ex
libris was in 1607, a long interval followed, in
26 BOOKPLATES
which we do not find dated Swiss ex Hbris. In
Italy we do not find any dated ex Hbris before
1623.
This 161 1 plate is that of Alexandre Bou-
chart, Viscount de Blosseville. This was found
in a folio cop}' of the works of Ptolemj' printed
at Amsterdam in 1605, in the Bibliotheque
Nationale in Paris. The graver - work and
probably the design, too, was done by Leonard
Gaultier, who also executed an engraved por-
trait of Alexandre Bouchart. Leonard Gaultier
was born at Mayence in about 1561, and died
in Paris in 1641, having engraved above eight
hundred plates.
Herr Carlander, the chief authority for
Swedish bookplates, finds 1596 the earliest
date, and this on the plate of Senator Thure
Bielke, of whom we do not know much more
than that to his own cost he took the wrong
side in politics, was beheaded in 1600, and had
therefore no further use for his dated ex Hbris.
A German ex Hbris of near this date is
interesting, as, like a good many others, it is to
be found in three sizes. This is the ex Hbris of
Johann Baptist Zeyll, designed by P. Opel,
and cut on wood by C. L. in 1593.
Of course now in the days of photography
it is easy to have your bookplate in several
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 27
sizes ; but it was far otherwise in these old
times.
Next must be named a plate engraved in 1613
for placing- in the books presented by William
Willmer, a Northamptonshire gentleman, to
his college library in Cambridge. Mr. Griggs
reproduced it among his eighty-three armorial
examples. It is inscribed "Sydney Sussex
Colledge Ex dono Wilhelmi Willmer de Sywell
in Com. Northamtoniae, Armigeri, quondam
pentionarii in ista Domi. Vizin Anno Domini
1599 seddedit in An° Dni 1613."
In France, as likewise in England, there are
hardly any dated bookplates at this period.
Mr. Walter Hamilton, in writing of French ex
libi'is before 1650, refers to three in different
sizes, all engraved for Jean Bigot, Sieur de
Sommesnil ; and somewhat later, another set
differing from the former, and with the owner's
name engraved as Johannes Bigot. After that
we read of three bookplates engraved for the
son, L. E. Bigot. In this connection the late
Mr. Walter Hamilton is drawn on to give par-
ticulars of a family of ardent book collectors,
thus incidentally illustrating very happily how
the possession of one dirty scrap of paper —
an old ex libr is— nvdiy lead on from one fascina-
ting inquiry to another.
28 BOOKPLATES
A fine characteristic German ecclesiastical ex
libris of 1624 is the plate given — page 330,
George Bell and Sons— of Otto Gereon von
Gutmann, Doctor of Theology, Electoral Coun-
cillor, and Suffragan Bishop of Cologne,
A very fine armorial plate, of which we do
not know the designer, the engraver, nor the
date, is that of Alexandre Petau. His father,
Paul Petau, Conseiller au Parlement de Paris,
died in 1613, bequeathing to his son a fine
library of manuscripts and printed books.
A bookplate in two sizes, engraved for Claude
Sarrau, Councillor to the Parliament of Paris.
He died in 165 1, and his son Isaac, in 1654,
edited his father's correspondence with the
learned of his time. The larger Sarrau plate,
and probably the smaller as well, were engraved
by Isaac Briot, who was born in 1585, and died
in Paris in 1670.
Reaching the seventeenth century, we find
German ex libris multiplying greatly, but not
improving in design.
Armorial bookplates still predominate, but
the shield is often in one way or another sur-
rounded by wreaths of leaves and flowers. It
can hardly be insisted on too clearly that there
is nothing mysterious, though much that is
interesting, about the varying modes and man-
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 29
ners of ex libris. They, in fact, represented the
art, customs, learning, and taste of successive
ag-es.
Thus turn to Johann Sibmacher's Wappen-
btichlein, published in 1596, and you will find
plenty of illustrations of these wreaths, though
with no reference to bookplates.
CHAPTER IV
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY
The seventeenth century begins — German plates— William
Marshall— Lord Littleton— Huet, Bishop of Avranches.
IN 1604 Eg-idius S adder of Munich engraved
for Arnold von Reyger a plate which is both
signed and dated. At the top of the plate is
the Latin motto "Ad Deum Refugium," and
in another part of the plate are the letters
"Z.G. M.Z.," standing for " Zu Gott meine
Zuflucht," the German version of the Latin
motto.
In 1619 Hans Hauer designed and Hans
Troschel engraved a characteristic and very
elaborate ex libris for Johann Wilhelm Krep
von Krepenstein, of Nuremberg. Both designer
and engraver were natives of Nuremberg, the
former born in 1582, and the latter about six
years later.
In about the year 1623 Raphael Sadeler
engraved a bookplate in three sizes for the
Electoral Library of the Dukes of Bavaria at
Munich. He also engraved a plate for the
30
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 31
Elector Palatine's libraries in Heidelberg- and
in Rome.
Raphael Sadeler and his elder brother Jan,
and their nephew Gillis or Egidius Sadeler,
were all skilful with the graver. Raphael was
born at Brussels in 1555, and with his elder
brother travelled through Germany, producing
many engravings, and afterwards settling at
Venice. Egidius, the nephew, was born at
Antwerp in 1575; taught by his uncles Jan and
Raphael, he lived to far surpass his teachers.
After spending some time in Italjs he was
invited to Prague by the Emperor Rudolph II.
He died at Prague in 1629.
In 1640, or a little earlier, William Marshall
engraved a bookplate for Edward, Lord Little-
ton, born in 1589 at Munston, in Shropshire,
his father being Sir Edward Littleton, Chief
Justice of North Wales, and his mother being
a daughter of Edmund Walter, Chief Justice
of South Wales. From Christ Church, Oxford,
Littleton, in 1608, entered the Inner Temple.
On his father's death, in 162 1, he became Chief
Justice of North Wales. In 1625 he became
member of Parliament for Leominster. He
became counsel to the University of Oxford,
Reader to the Inner Temple, and Recorder
of London. In 1634 he was made Solicitor-
32 BOOKPLATES
General. In the meantime his great learning"
and high character made him much respected,
and the City Aldermen sent him a courteous
gift of two hogsheads of claret and a pipe of
canary. Next, he became Chief Justice of the
Common Pleas, and soon Lord Chancellor.
In February, 1641, he was created Lord Little-
ton of Munston, Happily for him he died
young, as in those stormy times he was too
just a man to be a good party politician. It is
interesting to note that on May 21st, 1644, he
was commissioned to raise a regiment of foot
soldiers, consisting of gentlemen of the Inns
of Court and Chancery and others, himself
becoming colonel. The great Lord Clarendon
wrote of Littleton as a " handsome and proper
man of a very graceful presence, and notorious
for courage, which in his youth he had mani-
fested with his sword."
Above all, Littleton was incorruptible, win-
ning, and keeping the respect of such opposite
men as Clarendon and Bulstrode Whitelocke.
Here we get a glimpse of his library, as it is
recorded that when the Commons seized his
books Whitelocke interceded and got the books
given into his own care, so that, as he ex-
pressed it, "when God gave them a happy
accommodation " he might restore them to
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 33
rightful hands. The arms on the bookplate
are the arms of Lyttelton of Frankley.
Littleton's first wife was a daughter of John
Lyttelton (spelt as you please) of Frankley,
Worcestershire. Littleton died at Oxford on
August 27th, 1645, and is buried in Christ
Church Cathedral.
Not the least interesting point about this
Littleton plate is that it was engraved by
William Marshall, a name or initials found on
such a great number of portraits and other
book illustrations of this period. Not very
much is known about him. The dates of his
works range from 1591 to 1649.
A characteristic German plate, dated 1645,
is, by the good authority of Warnecke, the
work of the engraver Raphael Custos of Augs-
burg, eldest son of Dominions de Coster,
painter and engraver, and grandson of Pieter
De Coster or Balten, poet and painter. This
plate, engraved for Wilhelm and Clara Krep
von Krepenstein, embraces the coats-of-arms
of the small number of thirty-one ancestors.
" curae numen habet justii move 4° eneid.
inde cruce hinc trutina armatus regfique deoque
milito disco meis hsec duo nempe libris
ex libris Petri Maridat in magno Regis
consilio Senatoris"
34 BOOKPLATES
are the inscriptions on the plate here illustrated
of Theophilus Raynaud or Raynald, born in
Piedmont, and died at the age of eighty in
Lyons on October 31st, 1663. He was a
learned Jesuit, and a most untiring- student all
his life, but, unlike most inveterate readers, he
was bitter and morose of temper. Perhaps
this was caused by his reading excesses, as it
is told that he thought fifteen minutes almost
too much to give to any meal. His portrait is
in his: " tractatus depileo, cceterisque capitis
tegminibus tam sacris quam profanis. D. D.
Petro de Maridat, in magno Regis Christian-
issimi Consilio Senatori dicatus." Under the
portrait is the shield-of-arms, as on the book-
plate, and above it the motto: " Dextera
Domini fecit virtutem." Below is: " Non
potuit coelum Capiti par addere, tegmen, Hoc
Coeli effigiem perficientis erit." The engraving
is signed "L Spirinx fecit." Nagler gives
Ludvvig Spirinx as an engraver born at Lyons
or Dijon, and working in Brussels from about
1640 to 1660.
Coming once more to Nuremberg, there is
the 1674 plate engraved by D. Kriiger for
Colonel Georg Christof Volckamer. There is
no inscription on the plate, which shows a
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 35
cherub sitting on a hill and holding- a shield-of-
arms. The colonel was not content to choose
between helmet and coronet ; he has elected
to have both.
One of the many plates of which the en-
graver is not known is that of Franz Ludwig
Anton Freiherr von Lerchenfeld-Prennberg.
The shield is borne on two flags crossing one
another. At the foot of the plate is engraved
" Ex Libris, Francisci Ludovici," etc., giving
all the owner's titles. He was Chamberlain of
the Munich High Court of Appeal.
A well-known plate is that of Pierre Daniel
Huet, Bishop of Avranches, and probably the
best-remembered holder of that ancient See,
and tenant of the famous Bishop's Palace. He
was Bishop of Avranches from 1689 to 1699,
but, born at Caen in 1630, he was already, in
1650, a renowned savant, and twelve years
later founded the Academy of Sciences at Caen.
He did not become a priest until he was forty-
six years old ; but all his life he was an enormous
reader, and gifted with a wondrous memory.
Of course he wrote books as well as readinsf
the lore of others.
At Avranches visitors, calling for advice from
their bishop, were told " He cannot see you.
36 BOOKPLATES
he is studying " ; and in vain they claimed that
they wanted to see a diocesan who had finished
his studies.
The plate was engraved in four sizes for the
Jesuits' College in Paris, to which he gave his
library in 1692. As he spent the latter years
of his long life with the Paris Jesuits he was
not long separated from his books, and lived
ninety-two years, so that none might say that
in him much study had produced a weariness of
the flesh.
In 1692 another library, left this time by will,
and accordingly, too, another ex libris, came to
the Jesuits of Paris, and from a friend of Huet,
Gilles Menage. Like Huet, his appetite for
study was vast and his memory unfailing.
Born at Angers in 16 13, he died in Paris in
1692. Thus he spent some eighty years among
the shrewd litterateurs of that day, and the
following conversation need not be taken as a
sign of want of veracity on his part. Angers
seems, like Crete of old, to have had a lying
reputation. He, asking a lady to define un-
truthfulness, received for reply, that as for
defining lying she did not quite know, but liar
she would define as " Monsieur Menage ! "
It will be seen how little it had yet become
the custom for bibliophiles to have bookplates.
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 37
Neither Huet nor Menage used ex lihris for
themselves, and to this day no bookplate of
Moli^re, or Racine, or La Fontaine, or of many
other leaders of that age has been found.
After about 1650 a change is seen in the
styles of French ex lihris. Helmets go out of
use, and, for lack of better ideas, coronets are
assumed, often by those who had not the
faintest right to them. The square shield, in
time, gives place to the oval form.
CHAPTER V
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY
Some French and some German plates — The cap of hberty —
Buonaparte — Alsace and Lorraine.
AS a date is always a signal advantage, the
^ bookplate "Petri Antonii Convers Lau-
donensis. L Monnier Divione. 1762 " may
be mentioned. It is, of course, topped by the
irrepressible coronet. Louis Gabriel Monnier
was born at Besancon in 1733, and died at
Dijon in 1804. The Convers plate is wholly
Rococo ; but taking from Walter Hamilton
another French ex Hbris engraved but nine
years later, we see that with some artists the
heavy brigade is already on duty. Here we
have a big gun, an armorial shield flanked by
three flags on each side, but without any grace-
ful design. Still the inevitable coronet, and
below all, the inscription : " Le Ch'T De Belle-
hache ofiicier de Cavalerie au Reg* D'artois /
1771." Here, after all, there is no possibility
of mistaking for whom this plate was engraved,
3S
INDE CRVCE HrWCTp-VTINA. ARl-TAIVJ liFGrCvEiiEOtf
MlLtrO DYSCOlylElS liJlC DVO NE VIVZ URPJS
Zr. I ibri'f Petn-MT-iJattii majuo Rcvjis Ccrifili'oSnmto'iij
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 39
and thus, though not beautiful, it quite fulfils
its duty.
Sixteen years later we have a plate which
also has these essential points, but is in the
shell-work mode, light and elegant. Round the
upper part is a label inscribed : " Ex libris
Ant. Franc Alex Boula de Nanteuil," and at
the base: " Libellorum suplicum Magister. k
mandatis Regise &° &." — et in supreme Galli-
arum curii senator ad horrorem. 1777." The
shield is azure, three bezants.
Here is an instance of an ex lihris not inserted,
but impressed, seemingly a copper-plate engrav-
ing. The design is simple ; but quite serves its
purpose. It is an oval frame surmounted by a
ribbon tied in a bow, and in the oval the words
" Ex Bibliotheca Ecclesia Aug. Conf. Posson."
The book is a copy of Prodromus idiomatis
. . . adparatus criticus ad linguam Hun-
garicam . . . auctore Georgio Kalmar . . .
Posonii, . . . 1770. The copy bears also
another ownership inscription — in other words,
another ex libris : " Obtulit / Frider. Frank. /
Posen. /1789. /"
A curious plate here illustrated is that of
Peter Mairdat.
Of about 1780 is the copper-plate of Klemens
Wenzel, Duke of Saxony, Prince of Bland,
40 BOOKPLATES
Elector-Archbishop of Trier, and Bishop of
Augsburg". The plate represents the arms of
Aug-sburg-, of Trier, of Saxony, and also
of Poland.
This is not the place to write the story of
the first great French Revolution ; but it is to
the point of our subject in hand to note that on
June 2oth, 1790, a decree was proposed and
passed in the French Assembly suppressing
the titles of duke, count, marquis, viscount,
baron, and chevalier, and at the same time all
armorial bearings were done away with. Now
followed a bad time for bookplate artists and
engravers. The cap of liberty and the bloody
guillotine do not breathe high artistic inspira-
tion.
The plate of Marshal Jourdan consists chiefly
of a shield wholly occupied with the simple in-
scription " Bibliotheque du Marechal Jourdan."
Coming to the days of the first Empire,
Buonaparte, the despot, ruled armorial insignia
with the same iron hand as he regulated anything
else. His orders and restrictions were number-
less, and in particular he introduced the various
forms of a headdress denominated laie toque.
Cities under Buonaparte's sway bore certain
badges according to whether he ranked them
as cities of the first, second, or third order.
EK LtBRIS
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 41
Those of the first order had the honour of
bearing- the Napoleon badge — three golden bees
on a chief gules.
The bookplate of the Bastille is well illus-
trated in French Bookplates (Walter Hamilton),
but must not be quite passed over here. It
represents a shield on a bracket, bearing' the
fleur-de-lis. The shield is ensigned with a
crown and enclosed by the collars of the orders
of S. Michel and the Sainte Esprit. Above all
is the name " chateau royal de la bastille."
In July of 1789 the Bastille was destroyed
by the Paris mob.
I give a reproduction of the characteristic
French " Ex libris du Comte Paul de Maiden
de la Bastille."
In the ex libris of Claude Martin, cannon,
cannon-balls and flags, tents and scaling-
ladders, are to the fore ; whilst on a rock in
the middle there is a lion rampant, holding
up a sword in one fore paw and an ensign
in the other. Since the Belg^ians disfigured
the field of Waterloo with a hug^e mound
to celebrate the tiny devotion of their race, a
Hon on a hill does not stand for much ! At
the head of this plate is the motto "Lahore
et constantia," and at the foot " Ex libris
Claudii Martin."
42 BOOKPLATES
In 1814 Napoleon Buonaparte abdicated, and
in the same year Louis XVIII., the younger
brother of Louis XVI., became king. In 1824
Louis XVIII. died, and his younger brother,
Charles X., came to the throne, which he held
until 1830, when he was deposed, and his cousin
Louis Philippe sat on this unstable throne.
In 1848 he in turn abdicated, and a Republic
was proclaimed, with Louis Napoleon as
President. During these foregone thirty years
the old nobility, after a manner, recovered their
ancient titles, and many new nobility were
created ; but it cannot be said to have been
an age productive of fine or interesting ex
libris.
A variety from the sometimes too stern
formality of ex libris designs is found in the
plate engraved by D. Collin for Monsieur
Riston. A fantastic R., or perhaps A. R., is
figured on an oval, with child figures, a few
books, and a pen and ink, all apparently in the
open-air around.
The ex libris of Pierre Antoine Berryer is
not of any striking character, but is a fair
specimen. In 1855 he was elected to the
Academie Francaise ; but he was best known
for his great defence of Count Montalembert
before the French Courts in 1858.
BOOKPLATES CHRONOLOGICALLY 43
Alsace and Lorraine have given us some good
specimens of bookplates, and as might be
expected, the manners and styles of several
nations are here included. In some an in-
teresting feature is the introduction of a view
of the owner's parish church.
CHAPTER VI
BOOKPLATES WITH MANTLING
Viscount Cholmondeley — James Loch of Drylaw — William
Pitt of Binfield.
MR. G. F. BARWICK, to whom the
Mercator ex libris belongs, has kindly
sent me the following" : —
"Nicholas Mercator was born at Cismar,
Holstein, about 1620, and after completing his
studies in Copenhagen he continued to reside
there until 1660, when he came to England.
His fame as a matheinatician was already well
established, and he was almost immediately
elected a member of the Royal Society, which
had recently been founded. Some years later
he entered the service of Louis XIV., and
superintended the construction of the fountains
at Versailles. For this work, however, he
could not obtain payment, in consequence of
his refusal to become a Catholic, and the
trouble which it caused him is said to have
shortened his life. He wrote a number of
44
y\^^6^z^.y^eraihr
BOOKPLATES WITH MANTLING 45
small treatises and contributed to the Philo-
sophical Transactions, but his fame chiefly rests
upon his Logarithmotechnia, London, 1668-74,
4to, in which he developed the well-known
formula which bears his name. A portrait of
him was formerly in the possession of Mr.
T. D. F. Tatham of Althorne, Essex, a colla-
teral descendant of the Mercators, and passed
at his death into the possession of his nephew,
Mr. W. Tatham-Hughes of Chelsea Hospital."
A bookplate with fine mantling and sup-
porters is that of "The Right Honourable
Hugh Lord Viscount Cholmondeley. " It occurs
in a copy of ' ' The causes of the Decay of
Christian Piety . . . London, Printed by
R. Norton for T. Garthwait, in S. Bartholo-
mew's Hospital, near Smithfield, 1667." This
copy — it belongs to Mr. E. F. Coates— has
been finely bound, probably by Charles Mearne.
Hugh, first Earl of Cholmondeley, succeeded
his father, Viscount Cholmondeley, in 1681.
Objecting to the arbitrary measures of James II.,
he was soon honoured by William and Mary,
who, in 1689, created him Lord Cholmondeley
of Nantwich. In 1706 Queen Anne made him
Viscount Malpas and Earl of Cholmondeley.
Later he held the appointments of Comptroller
and Treasurer of Her Majesty's household.
46 BOOKPLATES
The book has underneath one another, both
in old but different hands, two sig-natures —
"Elizabeth Cholmondeley. " It has also an
inscription — " Wm. Lemon, 1855"; and since
then it has travelled far, as it has twice in-
scribed on it " W. A. Rebello, Sylvan Lodge,
Simla. October, 1864."
"John Stansfeld," an armorial plate with
mantling. The arms are sable, three goats
trippant argent. Crest a demi-lion rampant
argent. An ancient family settled in Yorkshire
at the Conquest. This modern plate is in a
fine copy, belonging to Mr. E. F. Coates, of
The Yorkshire Library, by William Boyne, 1869.
I think that this John Stansfeld, Esq., was a
collector of fine books, and especially about
Yorkshire.
A nice plate here illustrated is that of
Prescott Pepper.
A plate with good mantling is that of "James
Loch of Drylaw." Given by Burke as arms or,
a saltire engraded sable, between two swans
naiant in fesse proper. Crest, a swan with
wings endorsed, devouring a perch, both proper.
Motto, " Assiduate non desidia." This is in a
copy of A Short Introduction to Moral Philosophy
. . . Glasgow, Printed by Robert & Andrew
Foulis, printers to the University. 1764. James
BOOKPLATES WITH MANTLING 47
Loch of Drylaw, born in 161 2, was treasurer of
Edinburgh, and in 185 1 his descendant was
James Loch of Drylaw, m.p., son of George
Loch of Drylaw, and his wife a daughter of
John Adam of Blair Adam. The arms were
confirmed in 1673 by Sir Charles Erskine of
Cambo, Knight, Lyon King-of-Arms.
"William Pitt of Binfield, Berks Esq''—"
here reproduced, has very full mantling and no
crest, unless the Satyr-looking head in the top
of the mantling be meant for a crest. This
plate is taken from a copy of a 1648 edition of
Eikon Basilike.
A good Scotch ex libris with mantling, and
engraved by Lizars, is that of "Brown of
Waterhaughs," evidently connected with some
scion of the clan Campbell. The crest is a lion
holding a fleur-de-lis. The motto is "Tandem
licet sero. " This is in a copy of a scarce little
volume, Baxter's Anacreon — " Londini Augustas
Imprimetatur Impensis Matthsei Hawkins, pro-
statque venalis ad Angelum in Area Paulina."
1 7 10. The "errata" note at the end contains
some facetious expressions — in English thus :
"Correct if you please, friendly reader, those
heavy printers errors, which were printed when
we were off our guard, and fell out when we
were intent on blackberries."
48 BOOKPLATES
A plate with fine mantling is that of Richard
Boycott. It is altogether a good plate. In an
ornamental frame below the shield of arms is
the engraved inscription: "Pro Rege et Re-
ligione / Richard Boycott."
Gules, on a chief argent, three grenadoes
proper, and the motto, "Pro Rege et Religione,"
are of peculiar interest. These arms were
granted by Charles II., in 1663, to Sylvanus
Boycott of Hinton, and Francis Boycott of
Byldwas, sons of William Boycott of Byldwas.
The father had furnished Charles I. with grena-
does and other supplies. The sons had aided
Charles II. when a fugitive wanderer. The
family claim to descend from the ancient
Norman house of Bygod. This worthy plate
is in a rich red morocco bound copy of Sermons,
by George Stanhope, d.d. , preached at the
Boyle Lectures in 1701.
A bookplate with rather curious mantling is
that of " Rowland W. D. CoUett." The arms
seem to be intended for those borne by CoUett,
who was Lord Mayor of London in i486, —
Sable, on a chevron between three hinds trippant
argent, as many annulets of the first. The
motto is " virtutis pramium honor."
An armorial plate with heavy mantling —
"Thomas Maitland, Dundrennan." Burke's
BOOKPLATES WITH MANTLING 49
Armorial gives quarterly, first and fourth or, a
lion rampant, dechausse, within a bordure em-
battled g-ules ; second and third argent, the ruins
of an old abbey on a mound proper. Crest a
demi-monk vested grey, holding in the dexter
hand a crucifix argent, in the sinister a rosary
proper. The motto is " Esse quam videri."
In the same volume, the round armorial plate
"Johannis Whitefoord Mackenzie Armigeri."
It is most fitting that the book holding these
Scottish bookplates is a fine copy of the first
edition of the great Montrose's Book, the book
which the canting Covenanters hung round that
hero's neck as he proudly trod the bloody
scaffold. It is clothed in fine contemporary
morocco, richly gilt.
A modern bookplate with nice mantling is
that of "Charles Lilburn." The family hails
from the county of Durham. The arms argent,
three water-bougets sable. Crest, a dexter arm
in armour proper, holding a truncheon or. The
motto is " Vis viri fragilis."
This is in a copy of Montrose Redivivus, or
the Portraicture of James, late Marquess of
Montrose, . . . London: Printed for Jo. Ridley
at the Castle in Fleet Street, neer Ram-alley,
1652. The water-bouget was a mediaeval vessel
for carrying water, and was made of two
E
50 BOOKPLATES
leather pouches appended to a yoke or cross-
bar.
The " Hampson " plate is, in its way, as
good a bookplate as one need wish to see.
The clearly cut mantling is tastefully decked
with light sprigs of evergreen. The arms are
argent, three hemp-brakes sable. The crest is
out of a mural crown argent, a greyhound's
head sable collared of the first, rimmed or.
Motto : " Nunc aut nunquam."
Thomas Hampson, the son of Sir Robert
Hampson, Knight, and Alderman of the City of
London, was created a baronet on June 3rd,
1642. He died in 1655, leaving four sons and
five daughters.
The hempbrake, or hackle, was an instrument
used for bruising hemp.
The royal plate of Charles I. needs some
explanation, as it is not a bookplate. It occu-
pies the first leaf in the full-sized octavo issues
in 1649 of Eikon Basilike. In photographing
the Throckmorton bookplate the photographer,
seeing this also at the beginning of the book,
not unnaturally thought that it was a book-
plate, and to be illustrated. This need not be
regretted. It is a characteristic copy of an
Eikon. The surrounding lines are old red ink,
and the old ownership signature —
BOOKPLATES WITH MANTLING 51
** Fra: Vaughan"
" : 1656 : "
is as true and perfect an ex lihris as the
finest draughtsman and engraver could ever
produce.
The very fine armorial plate of Sir Robert*
Throckmorton, Bart. — "Virtus sola nobilitas "
— is here reproduced from the above-named
1649 copy of Eikon Basilike.
The armorial plate, with supporters, of Sir
James Stewart Denholm, Bart., of Coltness
and Westshiel, is here illustrated.
I do not know the history of the plate with
the two oval shields here illustrated. The
motto, "Mors sola resolvit," seems rather to
suggest a funeral hatchment.
The illustration here given of the plate of
"Tho^ Beckwith. of York Painter & F.A.S."
is, of course, a piece of his own workmanship,
and is inserted in a small, thick volume of
manuscript genealogies, no doubt the work
of T. Beckwith, and now in the library of
Mr. Edward F. Coates. Thomas Beckwith
was of an ancient, if not distinguished, York-
shire family. He was born at Rothwell in 1730,
"and served his time to George Fleming, an
ingenious man and house painter, from whom
he acquired his skill in drawing and painting,
52 BOOKPLATES
and imbibed a love for antiquities." By means
of his great knowledge of genealogies he com-
posed manuscript pedigrees for some of the
leading families of the North of England. He
was not only an unwearied collector, but very
generous in imparting information. He died
at York on February 17th, 1786.
t^«^>»^5mY^^»f^!^?/?^«^:^>?^^ ^JPAjS
CHAPTER VII
SOME SPECIMENS INSERTED IN A BOOK KEPT IN
THE BRITISH MUSEUM FOR THAT PURPOSE
Some bookplates kindly lent by Mr. G. F. Barwick —
Wrest Park plates — Sir John Lubbock.
THE following are all in a small collection
of ex libris in a book kept for the purpose
in the British Mviseum. The press mark is
C 66 f3 :—
" Frhr, v. Barckhaus Wiesenhiitten Biblio-
theck" is the inscription on the ornamental
bracket of an elaborate armorial plate, with
two most amiable-looking- young lions holding
up the shield.
On the same page in the same collection is
a plate of somewhere near the same date, and
hardly armorial. The form of the plate is, for
the most part, a representation of carved stone-
work. In the middle is a sort of oval shield,
and within that a shield with a figure of a man
with a child on one shoulder. Along the base
of the structure are the words : " Ex libr Chro
TheopChristofif Ulme." A few books are stand-
54 BOOKPLATES
ing- on the ground against the stonework, and,
as oftens happens in looking at such plates, one
hopes they are not rare books or in interesting"
bindings, as one would like to take more care
of them.
In the same collection is a remarkable plate
g'iving" a view of a library interior, enclosed in
a richly decorated oval frame. At foot the in-
scription : '* Ex libris d. zach: conr: at uffen-
bach, m.f.", and above: " non omnibus idem
est quod placet petron fragm." At the very
bottom, in tiniest letters, is "J U Kraus sculp."
Johann Ulrich Kraus was born at Augsburg
in 1645, ^"<^ ^i^d there in 17 19. He was a
pupil of Melchior Kiisel ; he imitated the man-
ner of Sebastien Le Clerc and did a large
amount of engraving for the booksellers.
A handsome plate is that "Ex Bibliotheca
J. S. Ochs. at Ochsentein." It is a plate
with heavy mantling to the shield. An ox is,
of course, prominent in arms and crest. " P
Feber sc " is in the corner. There is another
very much smaller, but almost identical plate.
From the same collection, and of rather
uncertain date, is a plate subscribed : " Ex
bibliotheca rosenbergiana." A rose tree is
appropriately prominent in arms and crest.
Another example is simply a Chippendale
BRITISH MUSEUM SPECIMENS 55
fancy shell frame enclosing" the words : '* Ex
supellectile libraria Bened: Guil: Zahnii."
A bookplate very roughly engraved, and with
some very curious - looking heraldry, is that
subscribed " malmendier. = de malmedye," and
" solum forti patria est."
There is a circular plate with a Library view,
and the library itself is evidently circular, the
plate being engraved *' Bibliotheca regia par-
mensis." Apollo, looking very cold, stands on
a pedestal in the middle, holding his garment
instead of putting it on, and sitting down
quietly to read the books. Round the upper
part is inscribed " Apollini palatino sacram."
An armorial plate with fine mantling, then a
helmet : on that a crown, and over that, for
crest, a man girdled, holding in right hand a
mallet, and in left a flag. Under the shield is
the name engraved: "A. W. Schlegel von
Gottleben."
Pasted on to the same page is a plain small
ex libris — arms, a fleur-de-lis ; name, " Franz
Salmon Wiiss."
Here is a plate which appears to be round.
In the middle is placed what seems to be meant
for a tomb, with a book placed open at the
words : " vita lux hominum Joh I v 4." Near,
and on the vault is engraved: "adhuc stat
56 BOOKPLATES
terminus." Round the outside circle of the
plate is engraved: "lex est non poena mort,"
Other plates of interest in this collection are
those of Christian Gottlieb Joher, on page 5,
Godefrid J. F. Thomas, on page 23, and on
page 27 a plate dated 1757.
Mr. Barwick's plate of a Baron Btlnsen is,
he assures me, not that of the Baron Bunsen
so familiar to, and appreciated by, cultivated
English readers, not a generation ago. The
plate is nice, as any approach to simplicity is
always pleasing. The shield, hung from the
coronet by the ribband of some order, is not
loaded with charges. Dexter, a lion between
two fleur-de-lis, sinister, three heads of barley-
corn. The motto, too, is reverential and in
keeping: "In spe et silentio." Below all is
the legend, " ex libris christiani caroli bunsen.
Uratislavi^ ad eadem S. Elis Ecclesiastes. "
J. B. Stracchusky Sc Urat.
Uratislavia spells Breslau, but very curiously
the name Uratislavia seems to have some fitness
on a bookplate ; as in Zedler's wonderful
Lexicon^ of some sixty-six volumes, it is re-
corded of Jacob de Uratislavia, a Benedictine
monk who died in 1480, that his literary labours
were so vast that seven powerful steeds could
scarce drag: his load of books.
EX LIBRIS
CHRISTIAiTI CAROLI BVlSrSEN^
BRITISH MUSEUM SPECIMENS 57
Mr. G. F. Barwick has lent me three quite
different Wrest Park bookplates. In an orna-
mental frame, which forms the lower part of
one, is engraved "Thomas Philip, Earl de
Grey, Wrest Park." Two fearful - looking
dragons support the shield, or rather seem bent
on devouring the shield and then each other.
Above is an earl's coronet, and below the
motto, " Foy est tout."
Thomas Philip, Earl de Grey, was born in
1 78 1, and was the elder son of Thomas
Robinson, second Baron Grantham, and his
wife the second daughter of Philip York, second
Earl of Hardwicke. He was therefore a de-
scendant of Henry Grey, ninth Earl of Kent.
In 1833 his maternal aunt, Amabel Hume
Campbell, Countess de Grey of Wrest, in
Bedfordshire, dying, he became second Earl
de Grey and Baron Lucas of Crudwell, Wilt-
shire. From 1 84 1 to 1844 he was Lord-
Lieutenant of Ireland, and achieved great
success in his administration there. In 1844
he was made a Knight of the Garter.
The second of these plates consists of two
crests, a dragon and a stag, encircled by the
garter. Above is the earl's coronet, and over
that the inscription "Wrest Park." Neither
of the other plates has the garter.
58 BOOKPLATES
In what, for distinction, may be called the
third plate, the outspread and double-headed
black eagle holding the shield-of-arms is the
most prominent object, and in each beak it
holds what, as argent, no doubt is a silver coin,
but looks rather like an Osborne biscuit.
Mr. Barwick has also two bookplates of
"Sir John William Lubbock. Bart." Below
the shield is the happy motto : " Auctor pre-
tiosa facit." John William Lubbock was born
in 1803, and in 1840 succeeded his father in the
baronetcy. . He died in 1865. His scientific
tastes and cultivated habits were just such as
his own son, Sir John Lubbock, has pursued
happily for so many years, in the knowledge
of many now living. The other plate is evi-
dently what he used for his books in his earlier
years. The bloody hand of Ulster is absent
from the shield, and below the shield is simply
the monogram "J. W. L."
The Sir John Frederick, Bart., plate of Mr.
Barwick's is quite a change from the customary
conventions. The shield fills a very small part
of an oblong oval frame. The arms are by
Burke, or on a chief azure, three doves argent.
Crest on a chapeau azure turned-up ermine, a
dove, within the beak an olive branch.
Mr. Barwick has two ex libris of Thomas
BRITISH MUSEUM SPECIMENS 59
James Tatham, Esq., a gentleman of Bedford
Place, Russell Square, London, and a third
which has belonged to some near kindred. It
agrees with that which has merely the crest,
but has engraved underneath: " T. D. F.
Tatham." His chief plate has dexter, argent
a chevron gules between three swan's necks,
coupled sable. Sinister are presumably his
wife's arms. Crest on a trumpet or, a swan's
wings displayed sable.
Mr. Carruthers has, with great kindness,
contributed the following in reference to his
interesting bookplate : —
"The notion of the plate was to introduce
two plants named by botanists after me. Many
genera of plants have received their names in
this way.
"The outside plant was called Carrnthersia
scandius Seem, by Dr. Seemann in his Flora
Vitiensis, London, 1865-73. I described the
ferns in this work (pp. 331-378), and otherwise
had given assistance. The plant is described
on pp. 155, 156, and figured on Table XXX.
Appended to the description of the genus is this
note : ' I have named this new genus in honour
of my esteemed friend William Carruthers,
Esq., F.Z.S., of the Botanical Department,
British Museum, to whom I am indebted for
6o BOOKPLATES
much kind assistance in working up the South
Sea flora.'
"The inner flower was named by Otto
Kunze Carruthia Capcnsis, O.K. It was
originally called Aitonia Capcnsis by Linnaeus
the younger, but a diff"erent plant had been
previously named Aitonia. Botanists do not
allow the same name to be applied to diff'erent
plants that are widely separated. O. Kunze
wished to associate the plant with my name,
and, following an example set by Linnaeus, he
cut off the last syllable and formed a generic
name which could not be confounded with
Seemann's generic name. This arose from a
curious accident. O. Kunze called on me at
the Natural History Museum, and asked me
to let him see the specimens of Aitonia. I
inquired which Aitonia, and, showing him a
seal I was wearing which belonged to Alton,
who had engraved on it the Cape plant
named after him, I asked if that was the
plant. He exclaimed ' How strange ! that
is the plant.' I showed him the specimen
that the younger Linnaeus had named, which
was in the Herbarium. When Kunze pub-
lished the results of his work on these plants
he gave it the name Carruthia Capcnsis.
The seal was oval, and the drawing in the
^WlLLIAM CARKUTHER3
BRITISH MUSEUM SPECIMENS 6i
centre is taken from the seal. I used for
separation of the two plants an ornamental
border of an early Edinburgh printer, I believe,
for I got it in the binding of an old Edinburgh
book. And the motto belongs to the section
of the Carruthers tribe to which we belong.
"The drawing was made by W. G. Smith,
F.Z.S., a good botanist and an excellent
drausrhtsman."
CHAPTER VIII
CHIPPENDALE AND CRESTPLATES
William Sharp the Engraver — The Rev. John Watson —
Edward Trotter — Patrick Colquhoun.
THE few following bookplates are all in
the manner known as Chippendale : —
The Chippendale bookplate here given, with
** Wm. Sharp " engraved at the foot of it, was
one, we may suppose, engraved by William
Sharp, the engraver, for himself. He was the
son of a gunmaker, in days when gun-barrels
and other parts of guns were often finely en-
graved.
William Sharp was born in 1749, ^^'^ died
at Chiswick on July 25th, 1824.
Seeing that he became an engraver of very
great skill and originality, the main points of
his life are well worth recording. Born in
Haydon Yard in the Minories, his father ap-
prenticed him to Barak Longmate, an engraver
and genealogist. Out of his indentures, he
62
CHIPPENDALE AND CRESTPLATES 63
soon married a Frenchwoman, and set up in
Bartholomew Lane as a writing- eng-raver.
About 1782 he sold this business and mi-
grated to Vauxhall, where he now pursued
the higher branches of his art. True to the
prophet's fate, he was in due course elected an
honorary member of the Imperial Academy at
Vienna and of the Royal Academy at Munich.
In early days he had been a friend of Thomas
Paine and Home Tooke, and was, in fact,
examined before the Privy Council on treason-
able charg-es, but soon dismissed as a harm-
less enthusiast. After becoming- a convert to
Swedenborg, he became a brave upholder of
Joanna Southcott, and was the very last of
her adherents to admit the reality of her
death.
A good Chippendale plate is that of ' ' The
Rev. John Watson." He was born on March
26th, 1725, at Lyme Handley in the parish of
Prestbury, Cheshire, and became a learned
antiquary. He was elected F. S.A. in 1759,
and contributed six papers to Archceologia. In
1775 appeared his best -known work, The
History and Antiquities of the Parish of Hali-
fax, Yorkshire, where he had held a curacy
from 1750 to 1754. In 1782 he brought out
two fine quarto volumes, Memoirs of the
64 BOOKPLATES
Ancient Earls of Warren and Surrey. He died
at Stockport on March 14th, 1783.
A good Chippendale bookplate is that of
"Edward Trotter, A.M."
In the Lyon Register the arms are given as
of Trotter of Gatchibravv, in Scotland, argent
a chevron gules between three boars' heads,
couped sable. Crest a horse trotting proper.
This is in a copy of Essay snr I'histoire
gencrale, et sur les inoeiirs et V esprit des nations,
depuis Charlejimgne jusqii'a nos jours. 1756.
A pleasing plate of late Chippendale style is
that with the monogram "J. B. W." at the
foot. On the title-page of the book "Six
Discourses" . . . "Temple Church" . . .
"Thomas Sherlock . . . 1725," is the auto-
graph "J. B. Watkin." Burke's Armoury gives
azure a fesse between three leopard faces,
jessant de lis or.
An unpretending little Chippendale book-
plate, with crest only, is that of " Patk.
Colquhoun." A stag's head, with above it
the motto "si je puis." Patrick Colquhoun,
Minister of the Hanse- towns, was born at
Dumbarton on March 14th, 1745, and died at
Westminster on April 25th, 1820.
The following are a few crest bookplates
named together : —
CHIPPENDALE AND CRESTPLATES 65
The Marshall crest, a man in armour proper,
holding- in the dexter hand a truncheon or,
forms the very picturesque modern ex libris of
" F. A. Marshall." The motto is fitting":
"Nunquam sedeo." This in a collection of
Actes, printed by Pynson in 1512-1514, '*con-
cernynge — Archerye — Crossbows — Mummers,"
and other quaint subjects.
As a specimen of a crest bookplate there is
the "Beavan," which is simply the name
Beavan under two crests, one a dove with out-
spread wings and a ring in its beak, the other
a lion. This can hardly be called a satisfactory
plate. It is in a volume of The Edinburgh
Revieii) of 1826.
A pretty crestplate is that of "Henry St.
Clair Feilden."
The crest is a nuthatch feeding on a hazel
branch. The crest is enclosed in an oval belt
inscribed with the motto, " virtutis prasmium
honor." This plate is in a copy of Benjamin
Thorpe's History of England under the Nonnan
Kings. Oxford, 1857.
Another crest bookplate, that of "Walter
Farquhar. " The crest is an eagle rising,
proper. The motto, " mente manuque. " This
plate is in a copy of Sermons preached in
66 BOOKPLATES
the Parish -Church of Olney, ... By John
Newton, Curate of the said Parish , . . 1767.
A good crestplate is "John Savill Vaisey " 's,
presumably of the race of the Viscounts de
Vesci. The crest is a hand-in-armour, holding-
a laurel branch, all proper. Over the crest is
the motto, " sub hoc signo vinces."
" Brownlow William Knox " 's bookplate is
simply the Knox crest, a falcon close on a
perch, all proper. It is in a copy of that
work, which is so curious to study now, " Cata-
logue of five hundred celebrated authors of
great Britain, now living; . . . London 1788. "
" Burns, Robert. A ploughman in the county
of Ayr in the kingdom of Scotland." A good
simple plate, merely a crest, below that a
motto, and then at the foot of all, the name, —
is the ex libris of "William J E Bennett."
The crest is in a mural crown, or, a lion's head,
gules. The motto is " de bon vouloir servir le
roy."
There was a nice bookplate in the volumes
of the first work which I ever bought. Don
Estehan was the title, and the date 1825.
I was thirteen years old, and bought this in
an auction in Mr, A. H. Beesley's, House
Class-room, in that fine old home of the
Seymours, then and now a part of Marl-
CHIPPENDALE AND CRESTPLATES 67
borough College. The ex lihris is a simple
name, crest, and motto: "Champion," a family
belonging to Berkshire and Essex, The crest
is an arm embowed and erect, in armour
proper, garnished or, holding in the gauntlet
a chaplet of laurel, vert. Motto: " Vincit
Veritas."
Marlborough, with the glorious beech avenues
of Savernake Forest, is the home of the Ailes-
burys, and in this connection the family book-
plate should always be remembered, with its
pathetic motto at the foot of it. They are
Bruces, and the motto is "Fuimus."
One day the then Marquis, alighting from
his carriage and pointing to the motto beneath
the arms, asked a small boy to translate it.
" Fui, I was; mus, a mouse," was the ready
reply.
No Bruce of old could have behaved more
honourably than the Marquis of those days,
for when some boys had worried some of the
deer, and Bradley said that he was afraid he
would have to put the forest out of bounds,
the Marquis replied : " No ; Savernake Forest
shall always be free to every boy of Marl-
borough College."
A modern neat ex libris, with only the two
family crests and mottoes, is that of the lat€
68 BOOKPLATES
Sir "Wroth Acland Lethbridg-e," Baronet.
The baronetcy was created in 1804. The crests
are : First, out of a mural crown, or, a demi-
eagle displayed proper ; and second, out of a
ducal coronet, two arms in armour, holding
a leopard's face. Mottoes: "Truth" and
*' Spes mea in Deo." The owner of this plate
was born in 1831, and, after serving in the
Rifle Brigade, succeeded his father as fourth
baronet on ist March, 1873.
A pretty crestplate of perhaps about 1770 is
the ex libris of " Tho^ W" Plummer." The
crest is a bird's head, and the bird seems very
properly to be about to devour a plum. The
crest is framed by two branches, presumably
of plum trees.
CHAPTER IX
MODERN BOOKPLATES
Remarks on examples given in The Studio, special winter
number, 1898-9.
MODERN bookplates are not easy to
discuss satisfactorily. The following-
are some of the plates which were named or
illustrated in The Studio special winter number,
1898-9, which went out of print at once. Mr,
Gleeson White, who was by no means blind to
the failings of up-to-date ex libris, wrote this,
and g-ave with it the large number of one
hundred and forty-nine illustrations.
On page 3 is given the ex libris, "T. Edmund
Harvey," a gruesome jumble of sticks and
bones. This plate is by Cyril Goldie. In any
comments now written no injurious reflections
are intended ; as, for one thing, it is impracti-
cable, and probably undesirable, to know
whether, and in what proportions, owner,
artist, or manufacturer, are responsible. Be-
sides these three, there is a fourth and oft-
69
70 BOOKPLATES
predominating partner to be considered, namely,
fashion. Probably the only value of the im-
pressions here written is that they are formed
by one who is an entirely independent critic
and a true lover of beautiful ex libris. The
phrases of professionals will not therefore be
expected.
On pag"e 4 is g^iven the ex libris " Eduard
John Margetson," by W. H. Margetson. This
plate seems simple and pleasing enough. On
the other hand, it is not exhilarating to find in
this evidently very fair sample volume no less
than twenty-seven bookplates, each depicting
a female and a book.
On page 5 the ex libris " Richard Trappes
Lomax," by Paul Woodrofife, is very refreshing
to look upon. It has all the familar points of
a bookplate, in that it is armorial, with man-
tling, and flowery foliage. At the same time
the plate is not common, crowded, or eccentric.
Now, on the other hand, turn to page 7,
where is a plate " From among the books of
Fred. W. Brown." In this there is doubt-
less some good work, but in looking at the
plate the eye and brain at once feel tired and
bewildered ; you seem to long to turn from a
crowded hotch-potch, if only, it might be, to
stare for a while at a blank barn door.
MODERN BOOKPLATES 71
On page 9 are three plates by W. R. Weyer.
These are distinctly good to look at ; there
seems a wholesome taste about them ; there
is plenty of decoration, without any attempt
to crowd a volume of emblems and a market-
gardener's flower-show into two inches by one
and a half. In each the owner's name is
clearly given, and, of course, no bookplate
ought to want this. In addition, two are dated
— that of Richard Chapman, 1892, and Reginald
Balfour's, 1898.
On page 12 is a distinctly satisfactory modern
plate. It is a portrait-plate, and is by J. W.
Simpson, for himself. He has depicted him-
self enjoying a long clay pipe. Beneath is the
simple record in the plainest of letters : " J. W.
Simpson His Book."
On page 14 are the presumably portrait-
plates of "Mary A. Bridger " and "Julia
Eustace," both by M. E. Thompson. These
may be pretty, but seem, as in so many
modern bookplates, to lack simplicity.
On the next page is a portrait-plate, " Edith
E. Waterlow," by J. Walter West. This,
although the portrait is only a face in an oval,
and outside the constant florist's paraphernalia,
still the plate has some saving simplicity.
On page 16 is what seems a sensible book-
72 BOOKPLATES
plate. It is by E. H. New, for Edward
Morton, and seems to give simply a view of
Edward Morton's home, a modern house built
in old style, and named King-sclere.
On page 48 is shown a plate to which we
would gladly give the palm for ugliness. We
suppose it is meant for a bookplate, as it is
given in this volume, and the words ex libris
are distinguishable through the gloom.
On page 49 is a plate, Aubrey Beardsley,
inscribed ex libris "Olive Custance." It is
not much to be admired.
On pages 50 and 51, where we are among
the French ex libris, may be seen at one glance
some half-dozen plates, which all happen to
illustrate what is a marked eyesore in many
bookplates, but has not been seriously noticed.
A bookplate is naturally designed for use in a
book. Now, with books should always be
associated the idea of something to be valued
and taken care of. How does this agree with
the plates here shown ? I think that symbol-
ism should avoid this disturbing element.
There is water to drown the precious volumes,
and there are beasts to devour them. In one
a poor disconsolate-looking tome is shown
trvins: to float on the dark cold waters of the
MODERN BOOKPLATES 7Z
deep, and as if that were not a sufficiently
uncomfortable position for a book, a bird seems
to be flying down, with open beak, to have
a peck at it. In another cheerful composition,
an angry tiger is in charge of the library of
precious volumes, and has the talons of one
paw on a beautiful binding, while it sticks the
talons of its other paw into the leaves of an
open volume.
In a third plate, a wolf is in a library, and,
of course, behaving there as a wolf would. In
yet another plate, a wolf is playing with a fine
folio, and forming altogether as incongruous
a picture as a bull in a china shop.
On page 54 is reproduced a plate, by Leon
Leb^gue. This may be, in disguise, a lovely
creation of modern art ; but the ordinary
observer would take it to be a muddled map
of everything or nothing, and would not paste
it inside the cover of any book he or she hoped
ever to open again.
As another painful instance of bookplates
exhibiting books in the very last position any-
one would care to see them in, on page 56, is
shown a book being drowned in a pond. This
is by Bracquemond.
From page 58 to page 60 some American
ex libris are pourtrayed. Among these gene-
74 BOOKPLATES
rally there is, as should be where books are
thought of, a feeling- of rest and refinement.
Between pages 6i and 68 are given a number
of plates of modern German ex libris, thanks,
as we are reminded, to the inspiriting influence
of Warnecke, Leiningen-Westerburg, Doepler,
and Hildebrandt. Germany, and to some extent
Austria, too, have produced some very original
and interesting bookplates within the last few
years.
Illustrated on pages 6i and 65 are two plates
which should surely come under the category
of the error of associating books with incon-
gruous surroundings. In the one, by Doepler
for the Bibliothek des Koeniglichen Kunst-
gewerbe Museums, Berlin, the centre repre-
sents an open book — that would be well enough;
but the leading feature of the plate is a great,
rough, brawny hand holding a big hammer
and pressing on the open volume.
In the plate on page 65, by Sattler, the
design pictures a human skeleton bearing a
pile of books.
Between pages 64 and 65 is a leaf bearing
three pleasing plates, by Paul Voigt. One of
the three is apparently for his own books. It
depicts a room with, of course, some very old
books, and the most prominent is in a position
MODERN BOOKPLATES 75
which would break the back of a modern
book ; but not much fault need be found. In
those good times books were not bound in a
day or for a day. The hides were well chosen,
well seasoned, and good workmanship was put
into the binding.
Facing Paul Voigt's own plate is a good plate
by him for W. L. Busse. This has a fine
smell of the sea about it. Tossing in the
frothy deep is an ancient ship, which but for
masts and sails might be a nautilus shell.
Below is a rugged anchor, and around all a
stout cable serves to frame a pleasing picture.
On page 68 is a cleverly designed plate by
Joseph Sattler. There is an altogether pleasing
absence of misty, mystic, mythological allu-
sions and complications. On the other hand,
an hour-glass indicates the sands of time, and
the simple word "Jetzt" (now) points a simple
moral, irresistibly apt for the book-lover.
There is no pursuit of which it can be more
truly said — that he (the book-collector) who
hesitates is lost.
chaptp:r X
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES
The proper place for a bookplate is in a book— Gordon of
Buthlaw — Spencer Perceval — William Wilberforce — A
bookplate for a special purpose — George Ormerod —
Robert Surtees — Cathedral plates.
IN the pag-es here following are recorded
many British bookplates, none of them
very early ; but they are referred to here, as,
after all, this book must chiefly appeal to
readers in our own tong^ue.
If in this and other parts of this book the
writer be thought to mention too much of
books and owners, it must be borne in mind
that to the writer a bookplate is first of interest
as connected with a book, and a book is of
interest for its subject and its owner's identity.
Gordon of Buthlaw. In the General Armoury
Gordon of Lessmoir, Aberdeenshire, is de-
scribed as descended from William, second
son of John Gordon of Scudargue, Baronet,
1625, and title dormant since 1839. The arms
76
/4
<2?i '.''t/A-C/z^r/iy..^^l<rci/i2,<
■/
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES -jj
are g^iven as azure, a fess chequy argent and
of the first, between three boars' heads erased
or. Then the Gordon of Buthlaw arms are
distinguished from Lessmoir, with a mullet
argent in chief for difference. Crest a Doric
pillar or. Motto: "In recto decus." This
old bookplate here given is in a lately un-
earthed contemporary manuscript, headed :
"Observations upon the arise and progresse
of the late Rebellions against King Charles
the first : In so far as they were carried on
by a male contented party in Scotland, under
the pretext of Reformation." This is really
the Memoirs of Henry Guthry, Bishop of
Dunkeld, and differs in some points from the
printed version. On the first leaf, down the
margin, is written "Joannis Gordonii Buthlaei
1761."
The Perceval arms, given by Burke, are
argent on a chief indented gules, three crosses
pattde of the field. Crest a thistle erect, leaved
proper.
The Wilson arms are sable, a wolf salient
or ; in chief three estoiles of the last.
Spencer Perceval, born in Audley Square,
London, in 1762, was the second son of the
second Earl of Egmont. At only ten years old
he was sent to Harrow School, and then to
78 BOOKPLATES
Trinity College, Cambridg-e, where in Decem-
ber, 1 781, he graduated M.A. In 1790 he
married Jane, second daughter of Sir Thomas
Spencer Wilson, and then had six sons and six
daughters. Mr. Spencer Walpole, son of the
fourth daughter, wrote, in 1874, a full biography
of Spencer Perceval. When first married
Spencer Perceval and his wife lived in lodgings
in Bedford Row ; but in about 1793 they
bought a good house in Lincoln's Inn Fields,
and it is just a little curious that I bought this
book, with his bookplate in it, but a few
yards from Lincoln's Inn Fields close on thirty
years ago. Spencer Perceval, England's Prime
Minister during the Peninusula War, was shot
dead as he passed through the lobby to the
House of Commons on May nth, 1812, and
Bellingham, his assassin, was hanged a week
afterwards.
The ex libris here reproduced looked at
first a puzzle; but Mr. Procter, at the British
Museum, soon read the riddle. He made
it an Earl of Guildford, and then it was very
easy sailing for me to come to anchor at
Frederick North, fifth Earl of Guildford, born
7th February, 1766, Chancellor of the University
of the Ionian Islands, and Knight Grand Cross
of the Ionian Order. There is a good account
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 79
of him by J. M. Rigg in the D. N. B. At
Oxford he became an accomplished Grecian,
and an enthusiastic Philhellene. In 1791, on
the conclusion of the peace of Galatz, he
evinced his accomplishment in classical Greek
by a scholarly and spirited Pindaric ode in
honour of the Empress Catherine.
In 1814 he was elected the first president of
a society for the promotion of culture, founded
at Athens. Later he was active in the formation
of the British Protectorate over the Ionian
Islands, in the scheme to form an Ionian Uni-
versity. In 1824 the University, with him as
Chancellor, was established in Corfu. He
lived there, spending- money on the University,
and giving valuable printed books, manuscripts,
and other treasures to it.
In 1827 his state of health caused his recall
to England. As a child he had been exceed-
ingly delicate. In England he still wore
constantly the classical costume, which had
been adopted as the academic dress. He died
on October 14th, 1827. *'He was a brilliant
conversationalist, and . . . wrote and spoke
German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Romaic
with ease ; he read Russian, and throughout
life maintained his familiarity with the classics
unimpaired."
So BOOKPLATES
The next surname we come to in bookplates
has been most familiar to the present and im-
mediate past generation, in the person of Samuel
Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford. These few fol-
lowing remarks are from private recollections.
In the power of getting through a day of hard
labour, of mind and body, he was unequalled,
and to the end of the hard day's work, with
similar laborious days preceding and following,
he could display a marvellously ready wit. One
evening at a dinner-party at Cuddesdon Palace,
the two lady guests on each side of the Bishop
were suddenly startled by the crashing fall of a
pile of plates. The Bishop, utterly unmoved,
instantly remarked, " Oh, it's nothing; it's only
the coachman going out with the brake." It
was the coachman, and the brake was the vehicle
in frequent use. He would do some hours' work
no doubt after his guests had retired, and do
some good work before breakfast the next morn-
ing. At Bisham Abbey, meeting at dinner two
irrepressible spinsters who would argue of ages,
he drily remarked, as if addressing the moon,
the extraordinary fact in nature, that ladies'
ages always ran thus: i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, g,
10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, and so on.
The bookplate of William Wilberforce is
/yiaiam^ /tu^^
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 8i
from a fine large volume all in manuscript,
giving- a very full account of the Yorkshire
election contest, the poll opening on 20th May,
1807, and only finally closing on the 5th June.
This volume belongs to Mr. Edward Feetham
Coates, as does also an exquisite volume in
pen-and-ink, the work of the late Dr. Howard,
who has taken Glover's visitation of Yorkshire,
from MSS. Harl., No. 1,394, and besides draw-
ing the arms most exquisitely, and "Wilber-
forse " among the rest, has given most ample
pedigrees and an index. Dr. Howard gives
the field argent and the eagle sable ; but
otherwise Old Guillim's account of Cotton
would nearly hold good :—
"The field is sapphire, an eagle displaied ;
Pearle, Membred Gules. These armes apper-
taine to the Right worthy Sir Robert Gotten,
of Connington, Knight, a learned Antiquary,
and a singular fauorer and preseruer of all
good learning and antique monuments. The
eagle . . . continually practiseth that course
of life whereunto nature hath ordained her :
. . . her sharpnesse and strength of sight is
much commended ; and it is a greater honour
to one of noble offspring to be wise and of
sharpe and deepe understanding, then to be
rich or powerfull, or great by birth."
G
82 BOOKPLATES
William Wilberforce, the owner of this plate,
was born in the High Street, Hull, on the
24th August, 1759, and came of a family
settled at Wilberfoss, eight miles from York,
for many centuries. The election which this
volume above-named commemorates was very
remarkable. Wilberforce had a few months
earlier had the satisfaction of seeing his Bill
for the abolition of the slave trade finally passed
into law. Lord Milton and Mr. Lascelles, who
had been Wilberforce's colleagues from 1796
to 1806, opposed him. A subscription of
;^64,455 was voluntarily raised to pay his
expenses. At the end of fifteen days he had
scored 11,806 votes against his opponents'
11,177 and 10,989. The story of Miss Wilber-
force recognised driving through York at
election time is too redolent of Wilberforce's
ready humour and Yorkshire heartiness to be
forgotten. The crowd welcomed her with the
cry: "Miss Wilberforce for ever!" She
rejoined: "Not Miss Wilberforce for ever,
thank you ! "
A fine plate is the circular armorial ex libris
of "Charles, Marquis of Northampton." The
owner of this plate came of a noble house,
worthy, indeed, of a fine bookplate. A few
notes about his forefathers may be recorded.
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 83
Edmund de Compton's son, Sir William
Compton, Knight, was employed about the
household of bluff Harry the Eighth when
Duke of York, and thus winning his con-
fidence, became the king's companion in
tournaments. Sir William held high offices
under the king, and fought with great bravery
in the Battle of Spurs. He died in 1528,
leaving one son to succeed him, who again
left a son, Sir Henry Compton, Knight, who,
in 1572, was summoned to Parliament as Baron
Compton of Compton. He married first a
daughter of the Earl of Huntingdon, and
secondly a daughter of Sir John Spencer of
Althorp. By his first wife he left a son,
William, who inherited the title, and was in
1618 created Earl of Northampton and installed
Knight of the Garter. A letter bearing date
2nd July, 1630, tells of his death: "Yesterday
se'nnight the Earl of Northampton, lord presi-
dent of Wales, after he had waited on the
king at supper and had also supped, went into
a boat, with others, to wash himself in the
Thames ; and so soon as his legs were in
the water but to his knees, he had the colic,
and cried out — Have me into the boat again,
for I am a dead man." His son, Spencer
Compton, the second Earl of Northampton,
84 BOOKPLATES
risked and gave all for his sovereigri's cause.
On March 19th, 1643, he marched his men out
of Stafford and foug-ht the Parliament forces
on Hopton Heath. Although he had so few
troops he routed the enemy's cavalry and took
from them eight guns ; but their infantry stood
firm, and finally he was himself killed, proudly
refusing to surrender to base rogues and rebels.
He left three sons to nobly emulate, as brave
cavaliers, their father's loyalty and valour.
The second of them was at Edgehill and
Hopton Heath ; and later, after engaging in
many fights, he, disguised and with only six
men, surprised Beeston Castle in Cheshire, cut
down the drawbridge, seized the governor's
troop-horse, and took thirty soldiers prisoners
in their beds.
There is also a Northampton monogram
bookplate. Above is an earl's coronet, and
below a vast "N," with the name "Castle
Ashby " engraved across it. In 1695 King
William HI. visited the Earl of Northampton
at Castle Ashby.
The following is an instance of a bookplate
printed for a special purpose. The block
measures about five inches by two and a
quarter, and represents an ornamental frame
enclosing the following printed inscription : —
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 85
" Daily take Care to spend your Time and Breath
In right preparing- for the Hour of Death.
So wish'd your deceas'd Friend,
S. Moore."
It suits the size of the book into which it is
pasted in its proper place inside the front
cover. On the last pag-e of the book is printed
a list of "Some Books proper to be given at
Funerals," and lower down the page, as a
good catalogue note: "We may say of a
Book, given at Funerals, what the Divine
Herbert says of a Verse. A Book may find
him who a Sermon flies, and turn a Gift into
a Sacrifice."
The leaf before the title-leaf is engraved
with the tomb of the author: "Edward
Pearse, a servant of Jesus Christ. Obiit
1673: ^tat 40." The title reads: "The
Great Concern : or, a Serious Warning to a
timely and Thorough Preparation for Death
with Helps and Directions in Order thereunto.
By Edward Pearse. John ix. 4. . . . Recom-
mended as proper to be Given at Funerals.
The twenty-eight Edition. London : Printed
for R. Robinson, at the Golden Lion in St.
Paul's-Churchyard. 1735."
The author, a Nonconformist Divine, matric-
ulated as a servitor from St. John's College,
86 BOOKPLATES
Oxford, in 1652, and graduated B.A. on 27th
June, 1654. In June, 1657, he was appointed
Morning Preacher at St. Margaret's, West-
minster. The Great Concern was reprinted
as lately as 1840.
A good characteristic English, or shall we
say Welsh, plate is that of "Morgan Thomas,"
"Palmer sculpsit," with a floral-wreath decora-
tion. The arms were granted 8th September,
1768, to Thomas of Lettymaur, in Carmarthen-
shire. Rees Thomas of Lett3'maur died in 1759,
leaving three sons, one of whom was Morgan
Thomas of Llanon, in the parish of Lettymaur.
He, in 1768, married Frances, the only child of
Henry Goring, of Frodley Hall, Staffordshire.
Their grandson was Rees Goring Thomas of
Llanon, and of Tooting, Surrey, who was
High Sheriff of Carmarthenshire in 1830.
This family, besides having a wreath in their
crest and flowers round their shield, perhaps
had fine tastes, as the book in which I have
this Morgan Thomas plate is a very beautiful
piece of English dated binding. It is a 1660
— Henry Hills and John Field — Bible, bound
in black morocco, beautifully blindtooled in
Mearne style, and with initials " M. M." and
date "1673" in the middle of each cover. The
four outside corners of the binding are covered
i^Q.yurumi€^r-^
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 87
with silver on which are engraved flowers
similar to those designed on the leather.
The bookplate over the inscription — "The
Rev"^ John Constable, Ringmer " — is simply a
ship in full sail, and this is the crest of one of
the families of Constable. This plate is in a
copy of Parson's — His Christian Directory.
London, 1754. The volume also contains the
autograph "William Constable." It so hap-
pens that another crest borne by the Constables
was a dragon's head, and this may be seen on
the bookplate of William Constable, f.r.s. and
F.S.A. , pasted into an old volume of manuscript
escheats and inquiries in the county of York,
which belongs to Mr. E. F. Coates, and is
probably one of the Dodsworth volumes, which
posterity owes to the thoughtfulness of the
great Lord Fairfax, who, when war was raging
and devastation threatening, had copies made
of many old manuscripts for fear that the
originals might be lost.
It always adds to the interest when there is
the owner's signature to his own bookplate.
This is the case with a volume of a small
topographical work. The bookplate represents
the arms and crest of the famous clan Macin-
tosh, with "C. C. M." below, probably standing
for Charles Calder Macintosh. The owner and
88 BOOKPLATES
donor has made it read, " From C. C. Macin-
tosh to Charles Forbes. Bombay, 17th April,
181 1." This would, of course, be Sir Charles
Forbes, of Indian fame.
The arms of the ancient clan Macintosh are :
Quarterly, first, or, a lion rampant gules ; second,
arg-ent, a dexter hand fesseways, couped at the
wrist, and holding a human heart gules ; third,
azure, a boar's head couped, or ; fourth, or, a
lymphad sable, surmounted by two oars in
saltire, gules. Crest a cat-a-mountain salient
guardant proper. Over the crest the motto :
"Touch not the cat, but a glove." The charge
or, a lion rampant gules, is on account of the
descent from MacDuff. The third, azure, a
boar's head couped, or, is for Gordon of Loch-
invar. The fourth, a lymphad, oars erect in
saltire, sable, is for Clan Chattan. The lion
rampant of the ancient MacDuffs may be well
accounted for, as King Malcolm IIL gave to
MacDuff and his descendants the privileges of
leading the van of the Scottish army whenever
the royal standard was unfurled, and of placing
the crown on the heads of the kings at their
coronation.
George Ormerod, well known as the historian
of Cheshire, was the only son of George
Ormerod of Bury, Lancashire, and his wife
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 89
Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Johnson of
Tyldesley, and was born in High Street, Man-
chester, 2oth October, 1785.
In 1803 Ormerod matriculated from Brasenose
College, Oxford. In 1807 he received the hono-
rary degree of M.A. , and in 1818 was made
a D.C.L. Becoming the owner of Sedbury
Park on the beautiful peninsula of Beachley,
between the Severn and the Wye, he lived
there until his death in 1873, at nearly ninety
years of age. In 1808 he married the eldest
daughter of John Latham, m.d., f.r.s., of
Bradwall Hall, Cheshire. His library was
sold in 1875.
Arms as Ormerod of Ormerod (or three bars
and a lion passant, in chief gules), quartering
Johnson of Tyldesley, Wareing of Walmersley,
Crompton of Hacking Hall, and Nuttall of
Walmersley. Crest a wolf's head couped at
the neck, barry of four, or and gules, holding
in the mouth an ostrich's feather erect proper.
This plate is in a book, the fine black morocco
gilt binding of which was reproduced by Griggs
for the Bibliography of Eikon Basilike.
In May, 1893, Sothebys sold the Bateman
Heirlooms, the valuable library of Printed
Books and Manuscripts formed by the late
Mr, W. Bateman, and Mr. T. Bateman, of
90 BOOKPLATES
Lomberdale House, Youlgrave, Derbyshire.
The books had been well cared for, and some-
times annotated and extra illustrated. Such
was the case with the copy of Reliquicc Sacrce,
1651, with armorial bookpile bookplate: "Wm.
Bateman, f.a.s., of Middleton by Yolgrave in
the County of Derby."
Another plate is armorial. Burke gives the
arms as or, three crescents, within the horns
of each an estoile gules. Crest a crescent and
estoile, as in the arms, between two eagles'
wings or. Motto: "Sidus ad sit amicum."
William Bateman, of Middleton-by- Youl-
grave, married Mary, daughter of James
Crompton of Brightmet, Lancashire. He died
on 28th August, 1861, at Lomberdale House,
near Bakewell. William Bateman's father and
grandfather had both done much towards
founding the family library and museum.
A fine plate here illustrated is that of the
Duke of Beaufort, from a fine copy of the
first edition of Eikon Basilike.
Mr. H. B. Wheatley, of Pepys fame, has
kindly written me the following notes regard-
ing Conduitt bookplate : —
John Conduitt was born in the year of the
Revolution, and was at Westminster School
in 1 701, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, in
THE nUKE OF BEAUFOKl
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 91
1705. He was M.P. for Whitchurch 1715-34,
after which he was elected for Southampton.
He was Master of the Mint 1727-37. He
succeeded Sir Isaac Newton, but previously to
the death of Newton he relieved him of his
most onerous duties for some years. He
married Mrs. Catherine Barton, Newton's
niece, on 20th August, 17 17.
"His only daughter married Viscount
Lymington, son of the first Earl of Ports-
mouth, which accounts for the fact that
Newton's MSS., etc., are in the possession
of the Portsmouth family ; also the magnifi-
cent portrait of Newton by Kneller.
" Conduitt wrote, in 1730, Observations on the
Present State of our Gold a)id Silver Coins,
which came into the possession of Dean Swift,
and after remaining many years in MS. was
published in 1774. Jevons praised the work
very highly.
"Conduitt was buried in Westminster Abbey,
close by Newton's grave.
"There is a scandal connected with Mrs.
Catherine Barton which biographers of Newton
have generally agreed to ignore. She is known
to have kept house for Charles Montague, Earl
of Halifax (who died in May, 171 5), and is
generally spoken of as his mistress by the
92 BOOKPLATES
gossips of the day. Augustus de Morgan
wrote a book on the subject, which was pub-
lished after his death, and entitled, jVe-ci'/oji,
his Friend^ and his Niece. 1885. In this
De Morgan argued for the opinion which he
had formed that Lord Halifax (who died May,
1715) married Mrs. Barton privately about
April, 1706. He made out a fair case, but
he could obtain no actual evidence, and when
Mrs. Barton married Conduitt she was de-
scribed as a spinster."
Of his own bookplate, here reproduced,
Mr. Henry B. Wheatley, f.s.a., kindly writes
to me : —
" I gave Hamilton an account of its origin,
which he printed in the little book on members
of the Society of Odd Volumes. The room
represented was on the back first floor of the
house in Caroline Street, Bedford Square,
which had been built out for John Philip Kemble
to accommodate his fine collection of plays, now
in the library of the Duke of Devonshire. I
used the room as my library during the six
years I lived in the house, and a very pleasant
room it was, looking out upon trees which
occupied an open space between Caroline and
Charlotte Streets. It, with other houses, was
pulled down soon after I left in 1889, and the
JAM1,> KAtNK
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 93
Bedford Mansions have been built on the site.
Kemble lived in the house from 1787 (when he
married) to 1799, when he removed to a larger
house in Great Russell Street."
A good plate is the ex libris of Robert
Surtees of Mainsforth, the well-known anti-
quary and topographer. It was drawn by
himself, and engraved by Samuel John Neele,
who was born in 1758 and died in 1824.
Surtees was born in the South Bailey of the
ancient city of Durham in 1779. On 28th
October, 1796, he matriculated from Christ
Church, Oxford, and took his M.A. in 1803.
His father had just died, so he now settled at
Mainsforth, the family home. As an under-
graduate at Oxford he was already planning
to record the history of his native shire.
Settled at Mainsforth, he used to drive about
the county with a groom ; and his friend and
kindred spirit, James Raine, whose plate I
give from a book kindly lent me by the Rev.
Prebendary Deedes, has recorded the groom's
testimony that it was "weary work, for Master
always stopped the gig, and we never could
get past an auld beelding." Surtees suffered
from constant ill-health, but his house was
always open to scholars and antiquaries. He
died at Mainsforth on February nth, 1834.
94 BOOKPLATES
This plate is in a volume of two tracts — one
about Marston Moor, 1650. On the inside of
the end cover is a plate in the Bewick style :
" T. Bell, 1797," and the autograph facsimile
"Thomas Bell." This is no doubt the book-
plate of Thomas Bell, the antiquary, born at
Newcastle-on-Tyne in 1785. He died in his
native place in i860, and his library, rich in
antiquarian lore, printed and in manuscript,
was sold there after his death.
An armorial plate of the palm-branch man-
ner is that of "Thomas Lang-ton" in a book
of sermons by Richard Hurd, d.d. , 1788. As
given by Burke, the crest is an eagle displayed
with two heads, vert, charged on the breast with
a trefoil, or. The motto is " Loyal au mort."
A curious succession of bookplates con-
nected one with another is shown in two
volumes before me. One work is ''^ViiidicicB
Pietatis : . . . By R. A. London: Printed in
the year 1663." The other is a book as far
asunder as the poles. It is catalogued **Des
Livres, Estampes & Desseins, du Cabinet ....
Appartenent Au Baron Tessin, Marechal de
la Cour du Roy & sur-intendent de Bati-
ments & Jardins Royaux de Suede. . . .
Stockholm, 1712."
The first volume has three bookplates, all
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 95
armorial. First, the plate of Sir William Lee,
Knig-ht, with the motto " verum atque decens."
"Mutlow, sculp. , York Street, Covent Garden."
Then a smaller and different plate, but by the
same engraver, and with the same arms, crest,
and motto, but pertaining- to ''William Lee
Antonie, Esq'"." After this, again, comes the
third ex libris in the book, and this is without
name engraving-, but is evidently Lee quarter-
ing Fiott.
John Fiott, a London merchant who died at
Bath in 1797, married Harriet, second daughter
of William Lee, of Totteridge Park, Hert-
fordshire. Their son John, fifth wrang^ler at
St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1805, and
LL.D. in 1816, assumed, in 1815, by royal
licence, the name of Lee under the will of
William Lee Antonie, of Colworth House,
Bedfordshire, his maternal uncle. At the same
time he acquired the estates of Colworth in
Bedfordshire, and Totteridge Park, Hertford-
shire. He lived eighty-four years, and in 1863,
at the age of eighty, he was admitted a barrister
of Gray's Inn. Between 1807 and 1810 he held
a travelling bachelorship from Cambridge, and
made a learned tour through the Ionian Isles
and other parts. In 1828 he was elected a
Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and he
96 BOOKPLATES
left valuable collections to the Society. He
was even more interested in science than in
antiquities, and in 1830 built an observatory
in the south portico of Hartwell House.
Leaving- no children, his property passed to
his brother, the Rev. Nicholas Fiott, who took
the surname of Lee. The Lee crest is a bear
with a chain.
Guillim has recorded : " Hee beareth Sable,
a Beare passant, iVrgent, . . . The Shee Beare
is most cruelly imaged against any that shall
hurt her yong, or dispoile her of them : as
the Scripture saith, in setting- forth the fierce
anger of the Lord, that he will meete his
aduersaries, as a Beare robbed of her whelps.
Which teacheth vs how careful! Nature would
haue vs to bee of the welfare of our children,
sith so cruell beasts are so tender harted in
this kind."
"Vindiciae Pietatis: . . . B}' R. A. London:
Printed in the year, 1663." The author of this
precious volume was Richard Alleine, born
in 161 1 at Ditcheat, in Somersetshire. In 1641
he became Rector of Batcombe in the same
county. The Dictionary of Xational Biography
is for once induced to warmly clothe the dry
skeleton, with which it has usually tried to
make us content. " For twenty years Alleine
^i^'Tt' ^-^^^y >^3J^.
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 97
remained at Batcombe, and was idolized by
his parishioners. . . . Vindiciae Pietatis . . .
refused Hcense by Sheldon . . . was published
without . . . was rapidly bought up and did
much to mend this bad world. Roger Norton,
the royal printer, caused a large portion of
the first edition to be seized on the ground of
its not being licensed, and to be sent to the
royal kitchen. But, glancing over its pages,
he was arrested by what he read, and on second
thoughts it seemed to him a sin that a book so
holy and so saleable should be killed. He
therefore bought back the sheets, says Calamy,
for an old song, bound them, and sold them in
his own shop."
The closing lines of Vindicice Pietatis are :
"But by the grace of God, whilst God is a
God of holinesse, whilst holinesse is the Image
and Interest of God, whilst these words of
the Lord, Be ye holy, follow holinesse, live
righteously, soberly, and godly in this present
world, whilst these and the like words of the
Lord, stand unrepeal'd, by the Grace of God,
I will be a Friend, an Advocate, a Confessor, a
Practitioner of Holinesse to the end of my
days. This is my resolution, and in this
resolution I commit myself to God, and so
come on me what will."
H
98 BOOKPLATES
So much for the first book of the two. The
second — Baron Tessin's Catalogue — has two
ex libris. The first is that of John Fiott before
he took the name of Lee. It is the plate of
"John Fiott, B.A./ St. John's College, Cam-
bridge, / 1806/." The plate shows a globe
floating in the air, with the Fiott arms en-
graved on it, and the crest, a horse coup6,
over it. Of course, as a wrangler he could
not help being an astronomer ; but this indicates
his early taste for studying the heavens.
Of this crest Guillim tells us: —
**A horse erected boult vpright may bee
termed enraged, but his noblest action is
expressed in a saliant forme. This of all
beasts for mans vses, is the most noble and
behoofefuU either in Peace or Warre. And
sith his service and courage in the Field is so
eminent, it may bee maruelled why the Lion
should be esteemed a more honourable bearing.
But the reason is because the horse's seruice
and strength is principally by helpe of his
Rider, whereas the Lions is his owne : and if
the Horse be not mounted, he fights auerse
turning his heeles to his aduersary, but the
Lion encounters affront, which is more
manly."
The Duke of Sussex used two plates amongst
THE DUKK OK .sf SLX
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 99
his books in Kensington Palace, one "Perkins
and Heath. Patent Hardened steel plate."
The main feature of this plate is a Knight of
the Garter's chain forming a circle enclosing a
lion on a coronet at the base of the plate, a
helmet on one side, and an owl on the other.
The other plate is here reproduced.
A pretty armorial plate of about this time,
the shield resting on flowers, and a palm branch
at each side, is the ex librls of "Charles Gordon
Esq'' of Beldorny and Wardhouse." Below
the shield is engraved a ribbon, but without
any inscription. The motto — "in hoc spes
mea " — is fittingly over the crest, which is
described as a cross crosslet fitchee. The arms
of Gordon of Beldorny are quarterly, first and
fourth, azure, a lion rampant argent between
three boars' heads erased of the second; second
and third, azure, three boars' heads within a
bordure engrailed argent.
Now for old Scotland — " Fraser of Lede-
clune " ; this is a splendid modern ex libris.
This plate is worthily found in a fine, large-
paper copy of "poems by goldsmith and
parnell. london : printed by W, Bulmer and
CO. Shakspeare Printing Office, Cleveland row.
1795"- "To raise the art of Printing in this
country from the neglected state ... to com-
lOO BOOKPLATES
bine the various beauties of Printing, Type-
founding-, Engraving, and Paper-making ; as
well with a view to ascertain the near approach
to perfection which those arts have attained in
this country, as to invite a fair competition
with the best Typographical Productions of
other nations . . . The whole of the Types,
. . . are executed by Mr. William Martin, in
the house of my friend Mr. George Nicol, whose
unceasing endeavours to improve the art of
Printing &c. . . . The ornaments are all en-
graved on blocks of wood, by two of my
earliest acquaintances, Messrs. Bewicks, of
Newcastle upon Tyne and London, ... I ma}'
venture to say, without being supposed to be
influenced by ancient friendship, that they form
the most extraordinary effort of the art of
engraving upon wood, that ever was produced
in any age, or any country ..." Of the
paper it is only necessary to say that it comes
from the manufactory of Mr. Whatman.
Burke's General Armoury gives : —
"Quarterly, first and fourth, azure, a bend en-
grailed between three cinquefoils (or frasiers),
argent, a canton gyronny of eight or and
sable ; second and third, argent, three antique
crowns gules (the latter quartering was given
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES loi
to Sir Simon Frazer for having thrice saved
the life of Robert Bruce at the battle of
Methven). Crest a buck's head, erased gules.
Supporters, two stags proper, attired and
unguled or, collared azure, pendent therefrom
an escutcheon gyronny of eight gold-and-sable,
each resting one foot on an anchor of the last.
Motto: 'Je suis pret.' The branches of yew
in the bookplate are the ancient badge of the
clan Fraser. This book has been beautifully
bound, evidently by Kalthoeber."
"The Honourable Archibald Campbell Esq'".
1708" is engraved at the base of an armorial
plate, with mantling, and lions for supporters.
This is the plate of Archibald Campbell, second
son of Lord Niel Campbell, who was second
son of Archibald, Marquis of Argyll. The
owner of this plate had a remarkable life.
First, he is said to have taken part in the
rebellion headed by his uncle, the ninth Earl
of Argyll, in 1685, and then to have made his
escape to Surinam.
That fine old Tory, Dr. Samuel Johnson, says
of him, that after his youthful whiggish days
" he kept better company and became a violent
tory." On the 25th of August, 171 1, he was
consecrated a bishop at Dundee by Bishops
Rose, Douglas, and Falconer. He died in
102 BOOKPLATES
London in 1744. This plate is in his inter-
leaved and copiously annotated copy of the
New Testament in Latin: "Theodore Beza's,
Londini excudebat Thomas Vautrollerius, Typo-
graphus, 1581." It belongs to Mr. E. F.
Coates.
The nice plate of "Campbell of Shawfield "
gives a shield-of-arms, not just corresponding
with Burke's General Armoury, which records:
Gyronny of eight or and sable, within a bordure
of the first, charged with as many crescents of
the second. Crest a griffin erect, holding the
Sun between the forepaws. Motto : " Fidus
amicis."
Campbell of Shawfield might be dubbed
doubly Campbell, as being a time back re-
presented by Walter Frederick Campbell, of
Islay and Shamfuld, son of Colonel John
Campbell and his wife Charlotte, youngest
daughter of John, Duke of Argyll.
Guillim wrote: "This forme of helmet,
placed sidelong and close, doth Ger Leigh
attribute to the dignity of a Knight, but in
mine understanding, it fitteth better the calling
of an Esquier. ... of these, each Knight had
two to attend him in the warres, withersoeuer
he went, who bare his helmet and shield before
him ; forasmuch, as they did hold certaine lands
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 103
of him in scutag-e, as the Knight did hold of
the King" by Military seruice."
This Campbell of Shawfield plate is in a
copy of .The History of the Siege of Toulon. . . .
Done from the French Copy, Printed at Paris,
and Dedicated to the French King". London
... at the Raven in Pater Noster Row.
1708.
" Hudson Gurney " was born in Norwich on
the 19th of January, 1775, ^is father being
Richard Gurney, of Keswick Hall, Norfolk.
Hudson Gurney was indeed a proper man to
have a bookplate, and he had several. He
gave his money generously to help the publi-
cation of works of antiquarian interest. From
1822 to 1846 he was a Vice-President of the
Society of Antiquaries. He had a library of
from ten to fifteen thousand volumes, and was
not content merely to have his books, but was
an ardent reader. He was also very ready to
help others : he was kind, liberal, and hospit-
able. He died on the 9th November, 1864.
His family, as the ancient Norman family of
De Gournay, owned Keswick Hall and West
Barsham, both in Norfolk, for many centuries.
The arms (see Burke) : Argent, a cross engrailed
gules. The smaller bookplate, not reproduced
here, represents one crest of the family, namely,
I04 BOOKPLATES
on a chapeau gules, turned-up ermine, a gurnet
fish in pale, with the head downwards.
The Hastings bookplate is simply armorial
with supporters, and underneath it the inscrip-
tion "Hastings." The barony of Hastings,
created by Edward I. in 1290, having fallen
into abeyance, the House of Lords reported
that Henry L'Estrange Styleman Le Strange,
Esq., of Hunstanton, Norfolk, and Sir Jacob
Astley, Bart., were co-heirs to the barony.
Whereupon Sir Jacob had the abeyance termi-
nated in his favour, and was summoned to
Parliament by writ in 1841 as Baron Hastings.
On his death, in 1S59, he was succeeded by
his elder son, Jacob Henry Delaval, Baron
Hastings, who died in 1871, and was succeeded
by his brother, the Vicar of East Barsham, in
Norfolk. He died in September, 1872, and
was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son,
who, however, dying in 1875, unmarried, was
succeeded by his next brother, George Man-
ners. The arms are : Quarterly, first, azure a
cinquefoil pierced ermine within a bordure,
engrailed, or for Astley ; second, argent a lion
rampant gules ducally crowned, or for Con-
stable ; third, argent two lions passant, gules
for L'Estrange ; fourth, or a maunch, gules
for Hastings. Supporters, on either side a
^ c^C/i^6^n Oii^yne^J,
CHICHEKTEK CATHF.DRAL
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 105
lion gules, ducally crowned, and gorged with
a collar or, therefrom pendent an escutcheon
of the arms of Hastings. The motto is
"Justitiae tenax."
Old Guillim illustrated the maunch, and
wrote: "The Field is Topaze, a Maunch Ruby.
This Coat armour pertained to the honourable
Family of Hastings, Earles of Pembroke, and
is quartered by the right Honourable Henry
Gray, now Earle of Kent. Of things of Anti-
quity, saith Leigh, that are growne out of vse,
this is one, which hath beene, and is taken for
the sleeue of a garment."
The view bookplate of the library of the
Dean and Chapter of Winchester is interesting.
Beriah Botfield described the library as a long
room over the only remaining portion of the
cloisters attached to that noble building. It is
curious to note that this bookplate is in a folio
copy of the Rcliqidce Sacrce, or writings of
Charles I., and that many of the chief books
in the library were the generous bequest of
Bishop Morley, the friend of Charles L, and
who, tradition says, helped the issue of Eikon
Basilike. The books are in the old open oak
bookcases in which they stood in the good
bishop's palace of Wolvesey. In the library
is in manuscript "A Catalogue of all the
io6 BOOKPLATES
Bookes in his Lordship's Library, bequeathed
by his Lordship's Will to the Cathedral of
the Holy Trinity of Winchester ; and which
the longer his lordship lived, he declared by
his letters should be the more and not the
fewer."
The bookplate in the Bewick style of the
*'Rev'' T. Newcome. Brook sculp. 302 Strand."
is in an imperfect volume of an eig'hteenth-
century duodecimo edition of Samuel Butler's
Hudibras.
Of cathedral libraries an interesting book-
plate, and lent to me by Mr. G. F. Barwick, is
that of the Dean and Chapter of Chichester.
The Rev. Prebendary Deedes, of Chichester,
has very kindly written to me the following
note : —
"This is the earlier of the two bookplates
used in the Cathedral Library. That at pre-
sent in use, which is substantially the same
design, has no embellishment and is not so
well engraved.
"See a paper on 'The Arms of Chichester
Cathedral' in Sussex Arch. Transactions y\o\. xi.,
with illustrations from seals, now in the posses-
sion of the Bishop or the Dean and Chapter.
The design is intended to represent our Lord
as described by St. John the Divine in Revela-
e6{/r-^??i€/
'^'-^^^:pn^uju>{'U"^"'^
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 107
tion i. The heralds of the seventeenth century
mistook it for ' Prester John,' the mythical
Emperor of Abyssinia in the Middle Ages,
and it is sometimes so described in Heraldic
Manuals, There is a difference of treatment
as to tinctures. The ' field ' is, I believe, uni-
formly blue, the throne gold, the figure usually
gold, but occasionally white, which my friend
Dr. Codrington maintains is correct. The
earlier seals generally give a badge of the
Holy Trinity, which is the Dedication of the
Cathedral. The motto — 'Liber monumente
coram eo ' — is the Vulgate version of part of
Malachi iii. 16."
Of about this date, with a garland surround-
ing the shield and crest at a little distance, and
two palm branches crossed, is the bookplate of
the " Rev''. Manley Wood. Middle Temple."
The family is of North Taunton, Devon, and
the arms, as given by Burke : Sable, three bars
or ; on a canton gules, a demi-woodman, hold-
ing a club over the dexter shoulder or. Crest
a woodman proper, wreathed about the temples
and loins vert, holding in the dexter hand an
olive branch of the last. This bookplate of a
Devon man is in a Devon book, and it is
"down along" all over. It bears the inscrip-
tion: " W. Beal ex dono authoris. Plymouth."
io8 BOOKPLATES
The book is "the Plain Truth: . . . By John
Agate M.A. . . . Exon : Printed by Jos.
Bliss, and Sold by the Booksellers in Exon
MDCCVIII." I have only quoted about a
twentieth part of the title-page, but must
give a scrap or two from "To the Reader":
"Be it known, that supposing Mr. Wither
had not (as 'tis shamefully notorious he has)
first broken the Peace, by drawing me to the
Press, yet his Harangue about Union and
Moderation, is all Banter and Grimace : for
how ridiculous is an everlasting Cant and Din
about Peace and Union, from One who, . . .
if he does not Love, yet manifestly lives by
Divisions ! . . ."
The armorial bookplate with large margin
of "The R' Hon^''« The Earl of Suffolk, is in
a splendid folio large-paper copy of The Book
of Common Prayer . . . Printed by Thomas
Buck and Roger Daniel, printers to the Uni-
versitie of Cambridge. Anno Dom. 1638.
The latter half of the volume is the Whole
Book of Psalmes, Collected into English metre,
by Th. Sternhold, John Hopkins, and others,
. . . with apt notes to sing them withall:" —
the same printer and date. The whole volume
being ruled in red lines in the very effective
way used with special copies, and bound in fine
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 109
old black morocco, gilt extra, evidently by
good Thomas Buck of Cambridge town.
The arms, with an earl's coronet above, and
lions for supporters, are first, gules, a bend
between six cross crosslets, fitchee, argent ;
on the bend an escutcheon, or, charged with a
demi-lion, rampant, pierced through the mouth
with an arrow, within a double tressure, flory-
counter flory, gules, for Howard ; second,
gules, three lions passant-guardant, in pale or,
and a label of three points, argent, for Thomas
of Brotherton ; third, chequy, or and azure,
for Warren ; fourth, gules, a lion rampant,
argent, for Mowbray. Below the shield is the
motto, "Nous Maintiendrons." The family
of the Earls of Suffolk and Berkshire comes
from the famous house of Howard, springing
from Thomas, fourth Duke of Norfolk and his
second wife.
In the ex libris of "HRH Princess Sophia"
there seems something delightfully simple and
suitable to a virgin Princess. The Princess
Sophia, one of the numerous family of George
HI., was born in 1777, and lived until 1848.
This bookplate is a lesson in the art of sim-
plicity. It is in "Memoires du Prince Eugenie
de Savoie ... A Londres 181 1."
Here, also, is the bookplate of '* Bulkeley
I lo BOOKPLATES
Bandinel DD Bodleian Librarian, Oxford,"
This little plate tells all that could be wished.
It is in a copy of the 1720 edition of Wishart's
Montrose, and has Bandinel's autograph. It
has lately belonged to Mr, William Twopeny,
I give also the plate of Philip Bliss, another
famous custodian of Bodley's, In any of his
books which had not his bookplate he had a
playful habit of marking the B sheet signa-
ture.
The ex libris now mentioned is in a curious
copy of a curious work. "The North Briton
. , . london : Printed for J, Williams, near the
Mitre Tavern, Fleet Street. MDCCLXIII."
Two volumes bound in one, and including all
the forty-five numbers. The volume is bound
in calf and lettered ^'■poison for the Scotch.''
Inside is an armorial bookplate with two
winged monsters for supporters. It is evi-
dently the bookplate of a Fletcher. The arms
that Burke gives are sable, a cross flory argent
between four escallops. Crest a bloodhound
azure, ducally gorged or. The mott6 is
" Dieu pour nous,"
' ' Robert Plumptre " 's bookplate gives argent,
a chevron between two mullets pierced in chief,
and an amulet in base sable, the arms of
Plumptre ; and the crest a phoenix or out
I JJfc Q^
lr%^))/
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES iii
of flames proper. The motto given is "turpi
secernere honestum." Another small shield-
of-arms is placed over the Plumptre shield.
Nottingham has been the chief abiding-place
of the Plumptres for many centuries.
This bookplate is in a copy of oeuvres de
Mr. Pavilion de CAcademie Francoise. a la
Haye, . . . 1715.
There are two ex lihris in a copy belonging
to Mr. E. F. Coates, of " Report of Pro-
ceedings . . . Oyer & Terminer and Gaol
Delivery. County of York, held at the castle
of York . . . 1813." The first is that of
"William Stretton Lenton Priory," which
words are engraved under a simple armorial
shield. Arms : argent, a bend engrailed sable,
cotised gules. The second plate has the in-
scription "Sempronius Stretton Lenton Priory."
In this plate the shield, with different bearings
from the other, is represented as held by an
eagle. This Sempronius Stretton of Lenton
Priory, in Nottinghamshire, was, I fancy, a
colonel in the army ; and hanging just below
the shield are two objects looking like war
medals.
In a fine copy of Baxter's Anacreon—a. rare
little work — is the armorial plate "Brown"
(Waterhaughs, County Ayr, 1806). Burke
112 BOOKPLATES
gives : Quarterly, first and fourth, gules, on a
chevron between three fleur-de-lis or, a ship
sails furled sable, a bordure of the second ;
second and third, gyronny of eight wavy,
ermine and gules, for Campbell. Crest a
demi-lion proper, holding in his dexter paw
a fleur-de-lis or.
A good plate here given is that of Sir
J. S. Stewart, Baronet.
In a 1649 Eikon Basilike is a modern round
bookplate of "John Bailey Langhorne. " The
arms were granted to the Langhornes of Bed-
fordshire 20th January, 1610. Sable a cross
argent ; on a chief of the second three bugle-
horns of the field, stringed gules. Crest a
bugle-horn sable, stringed gules, between two
wings expanded, argent.
"John Warren, BA, LLB." The name and,
to some extent, the arms will remind incident-
ally bookplate collectors of the first historian of
English bookplates. The motto is "tenebo."
The arms are chequy or and azure ; on a
canton gules a lion rampant argent. Crest
on a chapeau gules, turned-up ermine, a wyvern
argent, wings expanded, chequy or and azure.
" Thomas James Tatham," an ex libris about
fifty years old. Thomas James Tatham lived
in Bedford Place, Russell Square, and bore for
Sim JAMJES STEWAjRT ]DTEKM(D)JLM
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 113
his own arms, argent, a chevron gules between
three swans' necks couped sable. Crest, on a
trumpet or, a swan with wings displayed sable.
The motto : " perseverance."
A bookplate very interesting from the iden-
tity of its owner is that of "Henry Crabb
Robinson," the warm friend of Lamb, Cole-
ridge, Wordsworth, Southey, and a host of
other interesting characters. He died at his
house, 30, Russell Square, on February 5th,
1867, at the good age of ninety-one years.
A sensible armorial plate is that inscribed at
foot as "Right Hon*'.'" Sir Robert Peel Bart,"
and across the top "Drayton Manor." The
arms, as granted to Robert Peel of Manchester,
father of the first baronet, were : Argent three
sheaves of as many arrows proper, banded
gules ; on a chief azure a bee volant or. Crest
a demi-lion rampant argent, gorged with a
collar azure, charged with three bezants, hold-
ing between the paws a shuttle or. Motto :
" Industria."
" Rob*^ D Mayne," a facsimile signature, is
under a modern plate, where, of course, both
arms and motto have something to say about
hands. The arms are : Ermine, on a bend
sable, three dexter hands couped argent. The
motto runs : " manus justa decus."
I
114 BOOKPLATES
Of martial mottoes, "militavi non sine
gloria " is a good specimen. It is on the
bookplate, about forty years old, which has
under it the engraved signature of "J Knight."
The crest is a spur between two wings.
'* Wynfield." This is a shield with Wynfield
arms — vert on a bend argent, three crosses
patonce sable, and a host of quarterings ; also
two crests, one a lion's head, and the other a
falcon. The motto is " aut vincere aut mori. "
"William Holgate." This is a plain ar-
morial bookplate. Or, a bend between two
bulls' heads, couped sable. The crest is, out
of a mural coronet argent, a bull's head sable,
gorged with a collar of the first, charged with
two bends gules.
" T. A. Dale." A very small shield, with
simply the name underneath. Arms of Dale
of Rutlandshire, confirmed in 1602 : Paly of six
argent and gules, on a chief azure three garbs
or. Crest three Danish battle-axes erect,
handled or, headed argent, enfiled with a chap-
let of roses of the first.
The bookplate, also armorial, with two palm
leaves, of " Hon'''" Edmund Phipps. " The
arms are, of course, the Normandy coat.
Quarterly first and fourth, sable, a trefoil
slipped between eight mullets argent, for
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 115
Phipps ; second and third, paly of six argent
and azure ; over all a bend gules for Annesley.
Crest, a lion's gamb erect sable holding a
trefoil slipped argent. This in a 1648 copy of
Eikon Basilike.
A pleasant variety in style is the plate of
"George Cardale." It is evidently a real book-
man's bookplate. In good large letters on a
scroll around the shield are the words, " stu-
dendo et contemplando indefessus." In the
arms and crest is seen the Cornish chough.
An Eikon Basilike^ 1648, with a bookplate,
"Rev*^ Charles Chester." Below and beside
the armorial shield is a neat design of two
palm leaves. The arms, ermine, on a chief
sable a griffin passant or, armed argent.
Crest, a dragon passant argent, are those of
Chester of Blabie in Leicestershire, descended
from an uncle of the first Sir Robert Chester
of Royston, who, as one of the gentlemen of
the Privy Chamber to King Henry VIII., re-
ceived from that monarch a grant of the
monastery of Royston.
** Fothergill sc " is on the ex lihris of "Cecil
D. Wray, A.M. / F.C.C. Manchester." Arms:
azure, on a chief or, three martlets gules.
Crest an ostrich or. Motto: " et juste et
ii6 BOOKPLATES
vray." The Rev. Cecil Daniel Wray, Canon
of Manchester Collegiate Church, was son
and heir of the Rev. Henry Wray, of Brogden
House, in Kelfield, Lincolnshire, and his wife
the daughter of George Lloyd, of Holm Hall,
near Manchester.
The Wrays come from Sir Christopher
Wray, Lord Chief Justice of the Court of
Queen's Bench in the days of Queen Bess.
A pretty little plate, and not armorial, is
that of " John T. Beer." The centre represents
an open mouth of a well, with an owl perched
on the further edge of it. At each side of the
well rise tropical palms. Besides the name
ribbon are these three inscriptions: "know-
ledge is high," " truth is straight," "wisdom is
wealth,"
An unpretending ex libris is that of " Robert
Buchanan Stewart." These words are in-
scribed on a circular strap enclosing a fancy
monogram. Below is " ubi thesaurus ibi cor."
Below are spaces for filling in number, class,
and case.
As a good specimen of a Society's bookplate
may be given one engraved for the " Royal
Institute of British Architects. Tite Donation
1868." Sir William Tite, the architect of the
Royal Exchange and of many great buildings,
f^4
'ft
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 117
was born in 1798 in the parish of St. Bar-
tholomew the Great, London, and died at
Torquay in 1873. He represented Bath in the
House of Commons from 1855 until his death.
His valuable library of early English books
and other rarities was sold at Sotheby's after
his death.
The Right Honorable Sir Gore Ouseley,
Baronet, Grand Cordon of the Persian Order
of the Lion and Sun, and Grand Cross of the
Imperial Russian Order of St. Alexander
Newski — a famous Oriental scholar. Fellow of
the Royal Society, and Fellow of the Society
of Antiquaries — was born in 1770, and created
a baronet in 1808. His wife was Harriott-
Georgiana, daughter of John Whitelocke, Esq.
In 1810 Sir Gore Ouseley became Ambassador
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to
the Court of Persia, and afterwards at St.
Petersburg. He died in 1844 at Hall Barn,
Beaconsfield, which had belonged to Edmund
Waller, the poet, and which he had twelve
years before purchased from the poet's de-
scendant, Mr. Waller of Farmington.
" Whalley Hamerton " is a good idea in
bookplates. It looks like unto a picture of
some fine old seal. Whale's heads for Whalley.
It is in a scarce book : Marshal Ney. Report
ii8 BOOKPLATES
of the trial . . . Paris : Printed and sold at
Galignani's . . . 1815,
"A fenwyke ! a fenwyke " is the motto at
the foot of a Fenwick bookplate, probably
Fenwick and Robinson. First and fourth, six
martlets counterchanged, three cinquefoils.
The Fenwicks were an intrepid race haunting
the northern borders, and the proud House of
Percy never went to battle without the valiant
Fenwicks to help them.
*' Richard Clark Esq"". Chamberlain of Lon-
don." Such are the words engraved below the
plain armorial plate. Argent on a bend gules
three swans proper, between as many pellets, a
canton sinister azure charged with a demi-ram
mounting of the first, armed or between two
fleur-de-lis in chief of the last ; on it a baton
dexter of the field. The motto is "est modus
in rebus."
Guillim remarks: "The Swan is a Birde of
great Beautie, and strength also : and this is
reported in Honour of Him, that hee vseth not
his strength, to Prey or tyrannize ouer any
other Fowle, but onelie to be reuenged on such
as first offer Him wrong; in which case he often
subdueth the Eagle."
A good ex libris, engraved perhaps about
1820, and in an 1824 copy of Eikon Basilike, is
VARIOUS BRITISH BOOKPLATES 119
the bookplate of "Harry Kerby Pott." The
motto is " fortis et astutus." The arms are:
azure, two bars or, over all a bend of the last.
The crest a leopard, or ounce, sejant proper,
collared, lined and ringed azure. According to
the Herald's College, these arms were granted
in 1583-
The quite modern, fantastic plate of "Thomas
Bradshaw. Stackhouse. Settle. " seems to repre-
sent Father Time with his scythe ; and Father
Time seems to be expressed as an old man in
a hurry, who has learnt to fly without wings.
This plate is in a Yorkshire West Riding poll-
book of 1838, belonging to Mr. E. F. Coates.
A very pleasing modern non-armorial plate
is " George Parker Heathcote " 's. In a prettily
formed rectangular frame is seen an angel
holding a shield and pointing to the mono-
gram "G P H ", which occupies the shield.
The names in full are round the framework.
This plate is in a volume of the Camden
Society.
Appropriately, in a copy belonging to Mr.
E. F. Coates, of Poulson's Holderness, Hull,
1840, is a bookplate of a member of a family
that hails from Knaresborough. "John
Rhodes " is the facsimile signature at the foot
of the plate, below the motto " ung durant ma
I20 BOOKPLATES
vie." The arms are: argent on a cross en-
gfrailed, between four lions rampant gules, as
many bezants. Crest a leopard sejant or,
spotted sable, collared and ringed argent.
Two nineteenth-century ex libris — one of
"Thomas Tindal Methold," and the other
of "Henry Methold." The Methold arms
are : azure six escallops or. The crest is a
goat's head erased argent, attire and beard
sable. The Metholds, or Methuolds, are an
old Norfolk family.
A simple nineteenth-century ex libris is that
of "Christopher Roberts," with the motto
" un roy une foy une loy." The arms, granted
on 2nd June, 1614, to Roberts of Truro, Corn-
wall, are : azure, on a chevron argent, three
mullets pierced sable. Crest a demi-lion azure
holding a mullet argent, pierced sable.
CHAPTER XI
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA
SIXTY years ago the intelligent European
reader would have rubbed his eyes and
looked at his feet to be sure that they were
not where his head ought to be, if told that
American readers formed, in a marked degree,
a very large class to whom publishers and
authors should look for sympathy and en-
couragement. That is all changed now, and
there is probably no country in the world
where books, and all that is implied in that
magic word, arouse so keen an interest.
It will not be out of place to pause and
think of the honoured names of a few of those
who have helped to prepare the road for this
change. Of course, some seeds of good fruit
were sown many generations before. Passing
over Sir Walter Raleigh, colonist and author^
we reach, in a few years, George Sandys,
poet and colonist, one of the brave companions
of Captain John Smith,
122 BOOKPLATES
John Smith was a member of the council of
the 105 emigrants who on December 19th,
1 606, set out from Black wall to found a colony
in Virginia. Combining- prudence with intrepid
enterprise, he became the trusted founder and
leader of the colony. In one expedition inland
in December, 1607, he was taken prisoner by
the Indians, and is said to have been rescued
by the intervention of Pocahontas, the Indian
Princess.
George Sandys, son of the Archbishop of
York, born in 1578, two years before John
Smith, was, in 161 1, named as one of the
"Undertakers" in the third Virginia charter,
and in 162 1 was made Treasurer of the Virginia
Company, not very long- before the colony was
taken over by the Crown. What is to the
point of our story is that, in his colony home
on the banks of James River, he translated
Ovid's Metamorphoses^ dedicated to Charles I.,
and published in folio in London in 1626.
In 1623 the Rev. William Morrell, armed
with a commission to superintend the churches
there, went out in Captain Robert Gorges' ex-
pedition to Massachusetts, lived at Plymouth
there one year, and, returning to England,
published in London, in 1525, in quarto, Latin
hexameters, with a translation into English
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 123
heroic verse, and entitling the book: "New-
England, or a briefe Enarration of the Ayre,
Earth, Water, Fish, and Fowles of that
Country, With a Description of the . . .
Habits and Religion of the Natives."
In 1629 William Wood emigrated from
England to Massachusetts, and after staying
there about four years, he came back to
England, and in 1634 published his "New
England's Prospect : A true, lively, and ex-
perimental! Description of that part of America
commonly called New England : Discovering
the State of that Countrie, both as it stands
to our new-come English Planters and to the
old Native inhabitants : Laying downe that
which may both enrich the Knowledge of the
mind-travelling Reader, or benefit the future
Voyager, London, by Thomas Cotes for John
Bellamie. 1634."
The author soon went back to the colony,
became a representative in the State Legisla-
ture, became the chief founder of Sandwich in
Plymouth Colony, and died there in 1639.
Of the youth of Roger Williams, the next
colonist author, a curious incident is recorded :
" He attended trials in the Court of Star
Chamber, in order to take down notes of them
in a shorthand." Many will recall at once,
124 BOOKPLATES
how often working as a reporter, has led to a
literary career. In this connection the name
of Charles Dickens, and a host of other authors,
occur at once.
In 1626 Roger Williams took his B.A. degree
from Pembroke College, Cambridge ; and on
December ist, 1630, he embarked from Bristol
in a ship named the Lyon, and after a voyage
of over two months, reached Nantasket Feb-
ruary 5th, 1631. He had been ordained in
England ; but neither in the old country nor the
new did his ideas of a Church and Church
government generally agree with the views of
those in authority.
In January, 1636, he was cited by Boston,
but declining to appear. Captain John Underbill
was despatched to Salem with a sloop to arrest
him and put him aboard ship for England.
Receiving a hint from Winthrop " to arise and
flee into the Narrohiganset's country, free from
English Pattents," with a few companions he
" steered his course for the land of the Narra-
gansett Indians, being sorely tossed for one
fourteen weeks in a bitter winter season, not
knowing what bread or bed did mean." In
1639 he became an Anabaptist, was duly im-
mersed, and founded the first Baptist church
in Providence — the mother of 18,000 Baptist
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 125
churches m America. In a few months he
completely separated from the Baptists, and
became a "Seeker." His whole life and
journeys to and from the old country cannot
be followed here. He lived till 1683, " preach-
ing the Gospel of Christ, not only to his own
people, but to the Children of the Forest, who
received the Missionary, and loved the Man."
Some of his chief published works were : —
"A key into the Language of America, or
an Help to the Language of the Natives in
that Part of America called New England ;
together with Briefe Observations of the Cus-
tomes, Manners and Worships of the aforesaid
Natives in Peace and Warre, in Life and Death,
London, Gregory Dexler, 1643."
"The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for
Cause of Conscience, discussed in a Conference
. . . 1644."
" Experiments of Spiritual Life and Health
and their Preservatives. London 1652."
"George Fox digg'd out of his Burrowes,
or an Offer of Disputation on fourteen Pro-
posals made this last Summer, 1672, (so call'd)
unto G. Fox, then present on Rode Island, in
New England. Boston. Printed by John
Foster 1676."
John Winthrop, born on January 12th, 1588,
126 BOOKPLATES
at Edwardston in Suffolk, was one of the
twelve signatories at Cambridge on August
26th, 1629, to the document which practically
made Massachusetts self-governing. Those
who signed undertook to set sail with their
families to inhabit and continue in New England,
provided that the whole government, together
with the patent for the plantation, be first by
an order of court legally transferred and es-
tablished, to remain with us and others which
shall inhabit upon the said plantation. Shortly
John Winthrop was elected to be governor,
and in March of the next year sailed from
England. His literary character was in evidence
even throughout the voyage, as the famous
diary was then begun, and also in his journey
across the seas he wrote a little manual, the
manuscript of which now belongs to the New
York Historical Society, and is called Christian
Charitie. A Modcll hereof.
Now we come to talk of a man who is
perhaps the most interesting figure in early
American authorship. John Eliot, the Indian
apostle, born in Herefordshire in 1604, took
his degree at Cambridge in 1622, and after-
wards entered Holy Orders. He landed at
Boston, New England, in 1631. On Novem-
ber 5th, 1632, he was made a " teacher of the
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 127
Church at Roxbury, and held this post until
his death at Roxbury on May 20th, 1690."
In the meanwhile, between 1632 and 1690^
John Eliot had, among-st other vast labours,
translated the whole Bible into native Indian ;
but to be more precise ; First came the New
Testament in 1661, and a second edition in 1680,
In 1663 the whole Bible, first edition, and in
1685 the second edition. These wonderful
works were published at Cambridge, in New
England. He also helped in the preparation
of the English Metrical version of the Psalms,
the first book printed in New England. This
was known as the Bay Psalm-book, and was
printed by Stephen Daye in 1640. Everett
declared of him: "Since the death of the
Apostle Paul, a nobler, truer, and warmer
spirit than John Eliot never lived."
Again, Mather wrote of him : "He that
would write of Eliot, must write of Charity,
or say nothing."
Richard Baxter, another contemporary, re-
corded : "There was no man on earth whom I
honour'd above him."
The credit for the first really original work
published in America seems to belong to Anne
Bradstreet, whose maiden name was Anne
Dudley, her father, Thomas Dudley, becoming
128 BOOKPLATES
Governor of Massachusetts. She was born in
Northamptonshire, and at the early age of
sixteen married Simon Bradstreet, and in 1630
went with him to America. Her husband be-
came Governor of Massachusetts in 1680.
Mrs. Anne Bradstreet's poems were first
pubhshed in 1640, under the title of "Several
Poems, compiled with great variety of Wit and
Learning, full of delight ; wherein especially is
contained a compleat Discourse and Descrip-
tion of the Four Elements, Constitutions, Ages
of Man, and Seasons of the Year, together
with an exact Epitome of the Three first
Monarchies, viz: The Assyrian, Persian, and
Grecian ; and the beginning of the Roman
Commonwealth to the end of their last King,
with divers other pleasant and serious Poems :
by a Gentlewoman of New England."
This is not a treatise on history, and we
must pass on to later days, and soon find firm
ground with American-born literary men and
women.
Jonathan Edwards, born at Windsor, in Con-
necticut, became a student at Yale College in
1716. Already, at thirteen years old, he was
reading Locke on The Human Uniicrslanding,
"with a keener delight than a miser feels
when gathering up handfulls of silver and gold
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 129
from some newly-discovered treasure." The
g-reatest of his many writings was "A careful
and Strict Inquiry into the modern prevailing-
notion that Freedom of Will is supposed to be
essential to Moral Agency," and this work has
been described as undoubtedly the great bul-
wark of Calvinistic theology. Edwards' father
had been fifty years minister of a church in
America, and his ancestors first emigrated
from England in Queen Elizabeth's days ; but
the origin of Benjamin Franklin, to whom we
come now, was much humbler.
His father, Josiah Franklin, came from
England, and started in Boston as a tallow
chandler. Benjamin Franklin was born on
January 17th, 1706, and when ten years old his
father took him home from school to cut wicks
for the candles ! The boy became anxious for
the life of a sailor ; but the father, with what
now, looking back, we may call happy instinct,
apprenticed Benjamin to his elder brother,
James, who, just returned from a voyage to
London, had, in 1717, set up a printing-press
in Boston.
This change brought Benjamin at once within
reach of reading, and as what is here written
relates wholly to books, the following words of
Benjamin Franklin, written to a son of Cotton
K
130 BOOKPLATES
Mather in his later years, are worth repeating:
"When I was a boy, I met a book entitled
Essays to do Good, which I think was written
by your father. It had been so little regarded
by its former possessor that several leaves of
it were torn out, but the remainder gave me
such a turn of thinking as to have an influence
upon my conduct through life ; for I have
always set a greater value on the character of
a doer of good than any other kind of reputa-
tion: and if I have been, as you seem to think,
a useful citizen, the public owes all the advan-
tage of it to that book."
In 1724, with aid from Sir William Keith,
Governor of Pennsylvania, Benjamin Franklin
came to England with the object of obtaining
and bringing over a printing-press and all
materials for himself; but not succeeding in this,
he stayed two years in London, working at his
trade, and at this time, 1725, he published A
Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure
and Pain. This publication is not in any old
collection of Franklin's writings, and even now
only one copy seems to be known.
In 1730 Benjamin founded the Public Library
in Philadelphia. In 1753 he became Postmaster-
General for British America. In 1743 he had
originated the American Philosophical Society,
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 131
and in 1749 he became the real founder of the
University of Pennsylvania. The year 1752
saw the verification of his theory identifying-
lig-htning with electricity. After the Declara-
tion of Independence Franklin was, in 1776,
appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to France.
In 1785 he became President of the Common-
wealth of Pennsylvania, and in 1787 sat with
Washing-ton and Hamilton in the Federal Con-
vention which framed the Constitution of the
United States. On his death, on April 17th,
1790, Mirabeau announced in the General
Assembly of France : "The genius which had
freed America, and poured a flood of light over
Europe, had returned to the bosom of the
Divinity."
Nicolas Triibner, in the interesting Introduc-
tion to his Guide to At?ierican Literature,
London, 1859, points out that until 1793 no
American devoted himself exclusively to litera-
ture as a profession. In this year Charles
Brockden Brown's first novel appeared. The
title of this was Wiehvid ; or, the Transforma-
tion. The author was born in Philadelphia in
1771.
The great historian William HicklingPrescott,
whose grandfather. Colonel William Prescott,
commanded at Bunker's Hill, was born at
132 BOOKPLATES
Salem, in Massachusetts, in 1796. In 1814
he graduated from Harvard with honours,
although in 181 1, his first year at Harvard,
he had lost the sight of one eye, and shortly
afterwards the other eye was seriously affected
in sympathy with it. This unfortunate accident
was caused by a blow from a crust of bread
thrown at random at a college dinner. The
years from 1815 to 1817 he spent in England,
*' delighting not the less in the charms of
nature because by him they could be seen only"
as through a glass, darkly. He returned, re-
solved "that the ample page of knowledge,
rich with the spoils of time," if obscured to
his external organs, should be no strang^er
to his intellectual vision.
In 1837 his first g-reat work, The History of
Ferdinand and Isabella, was finished. With
inborn modesty he did not mean it to be pub-
lished ; but his father, Judge William Prescott,
of course insisted on its publication, and soon
it was published, not only in the author's own
tongue, but in Germany, France, Spain, and
Italy, in the respective languages of those
lands. In 1843 appeared The History of the
Conquest of Mexieo, and in 1847 his History of
the Conquest of Peru. Next came the first
volumes of the irreat work which Prescott was
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 133
never destined to finish. In 1855 were pub-
lished the two first volumes of The Histoiy of
the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain,
and in December, 1858, appeared the third
volume. Early in the year he had been
attacked by a slight stroke of paralysis. Early
in the next year this was followed by a second,
and he passed away on January 28th, 1859.
In a conversation only forty-eight hours before
his death he spoke of various friends, and par-
ticularly of George Ticknor, whom he described
as "having shortened and brightened what,
but for him, must have been many a sad and
weary hour." Asked if he was not coming to
New York, he said : " No ; I suppose that the
days of my long journeys are over. I must
content myself, like Horace, with my three
houses. You know I go at the commencement
of summer to my cottage by the seaside at
Lynn Beach ; and at autumn to my patrimonial
acres at Pepperell, which have been in our
family for two hundred years, to sit under the
old trees I sat under when a boy ; and then
with winter come down to hibernate in this
house. This is the only travelling, I sup-
pose, that I shall do until I go to my long
home."
George Ticknor, to whom the dying historian
134 BOOKPLATES
Prescott made such interesting- allusion, was
born at Boston, Massachusetts, on August ist,
1 791, and from early childhood displayed a
passion for books. He became a barrister,
but could not long- keep away from literature
and learning^. In 1815 he came to Europe, and
haunted some of the best libraries and univer-
sities of the Old World. Actually, before his
return home to America, he was, in 1817,
appointed Smith Professor of Modern Lan-
guages and Literature in Harvard College. In
1819 he returned to America, and for fifteen
years held this chair of teaching, delivering all
the while the most valuable courses of lectures.
In 1835 he gave up his professorship in order
to go again to Europe and study for preparing
his great book. After three years he came
back to his native land, and, in 1849, The
History of Spanish Literature was first pub-
lished in New York by Harper and Brothers,
in London by John Murray.
Of it Washington Irving wrote to the
author: "No one that has not been in Spain
can feel half the merit of your work, but to
those who have it is a perpetual banquet. It
is well worth a lifetime to achieve such a
work."
Washington Irving, almost the first author
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 135
noticed as a native of the city of New York,
was born on April 3rd, 1783. His father was
a Scot, and his mother English. Passing- over
interesting publications like Salmagiuidi ; or,
The Whi7n-Whams, and Diedrich Knicker-
bocker's History of Neiv York, we come to
The Sketch Book, first issued in 1819. Curi-
ously enough, Washington Irving, as a fact,
wrote the MS. for this in England ; but it was
at first only printed and published in New
York. Incidentally, Lockhart, in Blackimod's
Magazine, February, 1820, paid a high com-
pliment : —
"We are greatly at a loss to comprehend
for what reason Mr. Irving has thought fit to
publish his Sketch Book in America earlier than
in Britain ; but, at all events, he is doing
himself great injustice by not having an edition
printed here of every number after it has
appeared in New York. Nothing has been
written for a long time for which it would be
more safe to promise great and eager accept-
ance."
Washington Irving's fame was now secure,
and these few concluding words, from AUibone,
must suffice : ' ' When Bracehridge Hall was
ready for the press, in 1822, Mr. Murray was
ready to offer 1,000 guineas for the copyright
136 BOOKPLATES
without having- seen the MS. He obtained
the coveted prize at his offer, and subsequently
gave the same author ;^2, coo for the chronicle
of The Conquest of Granada, and 3,000 g-uineas
for the History of the Life and Voyages of
Christopher Columbus. "
Very few words here must be written of
John Lothrop Motley, born in Massachusetts
in 1814. It is enoug-h to mention his splendid
work, The History of the Rise of the Dutch
Republic. Now, from what is gone before, it
will readily be granted that America was well
prepared, by the work of her own sons, to
take a proud position in Literature, and in
concluding these introductory remarks only
one honoured name shall be mentioned fur-
ther.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born in
Portland, Maine, on February 27th, 1807, and
was descended from William Long^fellow, who,
born in Hampshire, England, in 165 1, emi-
grated to Massachusetts. The chief incidents
of the life of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
are like household words, and to think of
all that is pure and noble in America without
naming- him, is impossible. All his writings
are instinct with the breath of a pure and
noble life.
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 137
"Softly the Ang-elus sounded, and ov'er the roofs of the
village
Columns of pale blue smoke, like clouds of incense
ascendingf,
Rose from a hundred hearths, the homes of peace and
contentment.
Thus dwelt together in love those simple Acadian
farmers, —
Dwelt in the love of God and of man. Alike were they
free from
Fear, that reigns with the tyrant, and envy, the vice of
republics.
Neither locks had they to their doors, nor bars to their
windows ;
But their dwelling-s were open as day and the hearts of
the owners ;
There the richest was poor, and the poorest lived in
abundance."
Naturally we turn, at first, to look at books
taken to America by early English atid Dutch
settlers. They and their near descendants,
when using- a bookplate at all, mostly adopted
an armorial plate. Copper-plate engraving was,
of course, in vogue then, and most of their ex
libris are from copper-plates. There are a few
from wood-blocks. Of comparatively late plates,
some are steel plates ; but the copper are usually
the more satisfactory ; the steel being so difficult
to work. In comparing a number of the earlier
specimens of bookplates in America an inter-
esting point involuntarily arises. From which
138 BOOKPLATES
of two views is an ex lihris the more interesting?
Is it a work of art or a piece of history? In
spite of all that skilled designers and cunning
workers in metals may say, the majority will
probably value most what for want of a
better name may be called the historical
aspect. When the Tudor, Stuart, and Guelph
Exhibitions were held in London, somewhat
unfortunately so many of the expert critics,
in writing of portraits, groups, or historical
scenes, seemed only able to write from a pure
art point of view. As an instance, not con-
nected with any exhibition, I had, but am
afraid that I have lost it, a somewhat seedy-
looking oil painting, perhaps 18x12 inches,
which depicted an earnest, bent old figure on
horseback returning the salute of a wonder-
struck old countryman and his good dame.
Following the keen old horseman is another
horse, bearing the groom with despatch-bag.
The scene is, in fact, a contemporary repre-
sentation from life of "The Duke " just before
passing out of Birdcage Walk for Apsley
House. In the left background is the Welling-
ton Monument, as many of us remember it,
and on the right the Hercules statue. These
accessories fix the date as in the last few years
of the great Duke's life.
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 139
What thousand-guinea portrait, plastered
with elaborate uniform and robes and satu-
rated with a learned artist's technical postures
and perfections, could have so perfectly pour-
trayed the most interesting figure ever seen in
London half a century ago? Field-Marshal
Moltke was respected throughout Germany as
Der Schweiger — the Silent. Wellington, too,
and the late Lord Salisbury as well, did not
revel in long-winded talk. Once, in the Duke's
last years, he had become very unpopular with
the ignorant crowd. Stepping out of the
House of Lords into Old Palace Yard, he was
met by the howls and threats of an angry mob.
His groom was there with the aged Duke's
horse for him to ride home as usual. By a
sign, sending away horse and groom, the calm
old veteran walked into and with the mob.
Before he and they came to Apsley House, the
wild threats and jeers had become good British
cheers. The old man spoke no single word,
but only pointed to his study windows, which
had lately been barred up owing to a mob
breaking the glass.
I bought this painting from Charles Dickens'
friend, old Mrs. Haines, as it hung in her inner
parlour or sanctum, I also bought from the
old lady an old crockery clock-case, depicting
I40 BOOKPLATES
the young Pretender and Flora MacDonald ;
also a separate figure of Flora MacDonald.
The old dame talked the while of her recollec-
tions of uninteresting (!) folk, such as Lord
Byron and Charles Dickens. To hear her talk
of her own father, a Thames waterman, landing
Byron at the Tower stairs, carried one in fancy
almost back to Wenceslaus Hollar's London,
with its picturesque quaintness. Describing
Dickens' appearance when first he came to
London, she spoke of him as having somewhat
the look of a groom. Then she pointed with
pride to the plain chair in which Dickens, in
later years, spent many an hour of many a day
reading her husband's library books.
This house, No. 24, Fetter Lane, has long
been pulled down, and the foregoing remarks
are from my memory of my last call there
about nineteen years ago. In an article shortly
afterwards (5th January, 1884) in the Pall Mall
Gasette — I have just looked it up in one of my
commonplace books- — are many curious par-
ticulars, and two good illustrations: "The
walls are lined all round with books that hav^e
long been forgotten by the world, all arranged
with some attention to regularity. A little
angular counter protects them from the profane
touch of curio-hunters. This is covered with
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 141
old books, prints, tarnished silver, glass cases,
tattered engravings, and paintings cracked and
stained. In one corner Dame Haines sat down.
* Here,' she said, ' I have seen Dickens sit
many hundreds of times, and here he used to
lean his shoulder on the counter. Ah ! ' she
went on, making a movement with her hands,
and with ecstasy expressed on every one of her
wrinkled features, ' I can see him now, with
his pleasant face, his quiet, rippling laugh and
his gentle ways."
Now, the earlier bookplates hailing from the
more northern colonies of America differ
generally from those of southern colonies.
Most of the early northern families were of
stern, unimaginative mettle, rather despising
as unholy anything so "worldly" as an ex libris,
and bringing few such gewga%<os with them in
their trunks. On the other hand, what book-
plates they in time adopted were home-made,
and if not fine works of art, they were of essen-
tial interest as a bit of history.
The southern colonies, on the other hand,
were frequented by a more polished and
wealthy class, bringing along with them the
trappings and social trinkets of their old
society.
Mr. E. N. Hewins, in his extremely valuable
142 BOOKPLATES
treatise on American bookplates, gives the
book-label of the Rev. John Williams, dated
1679, as the earliest dated example. This is
particularly interesting-, as the said John
Williams was a native. He was born at
Roxbury, in Massachusetts, his grandfather
having settled there in about the year 1638.
John Williams graduated at Harvard in 1683,
was ordained in 1688, and became the first
pastor of Deerfield, a frontier town. On the
night of February 28th, 1704, Deerfield was
attacked by about 300 French and Indians.
A great number of citizens were captured ; two
of John Williams' children and a negro servant
were killed ; and then he, with his wife and
remaining children, were forced to march for
Canada. On the second day out, his wife,
falling exhausted, was at once slain with a
tomahawk. Urged on, they marched 300 miles
to their destination.
After a long while John Williams was ran-
somed, and came back to his faithful charge of
Deerfield in 1706. One daughter, Eunice, was
still kept a captive, and her after history was
very remarkable. She was only a child of
eight when captured ; but in time she for-
got the English language, became a Roman
Catholic, and married an Indian. She lived to
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 143
a great age, and several times visited her
relations, but refused to give up any of the
habits or dress of Indian life.
Another early native-v^^rought label ex lihris
is that dated 1704 for the books of Thomas
Prince. He, too, was of an old stock, his
grandfather having emigrated from Hull in
1633.
Thomas Prince became pastor of the Old
South Church in Boston. A fine scholar and
linguist, he made valuable collections, both
manuscript and in print. Some of these stored
in the tower of the Old South Church, of
great interest for the early history of America,
were unfortunately destroyed by the British
forces in 1775.
Now we find a bookplate known to have been
engraved on copper by a native engraver.
Nathaniel Hurd, whose grandfather, emigra-
ting from England, settled in Charlestown,
Massachusetts, was probably the first American
who engraved copper-plates. His best designs
had humour and character. One of his well-
known plates represents Hudson, the forger,
in the pillory. He engraved a seal for Harvard
University. Hurd was born in 1730, and only
lived to 1777.
Hewins gives Hurd's plate of Thomas
144 BOOKPLATES
Dering, 1749, as the first American plate by
an American engraver which is both signed
and dated.
Much interest among bookplate collectors
has, of course, centred round the plate of
George Washington, both on account of its
being George Washington's, and being rare.
It is a good armorial Chippendale plate.
Learned inquirers have failed to establish who
engraved it, and on which side of the broad
Atlantic !
The plate of the next worthy to be named is
Si fine armorial ex libris with the motto : " nee
elatus nee dejectus." The owner of this plate
was Isaiah Thomas, born in Boston in 1749,
and dying at Worcester, also in Massachusetts,
in 183 1 ; he was, at six years old, apprenticed
to Zachariah Fowler, ballad printer. In 1770
Thomas became partner with his former master.
Together they issued the Massachusetts Spy,
"open to all parties, but influenced by none."
Thomas was soon left alone in his undertakings.
A few days before the battle of Lexington, in
which he bore his part, he packed up his press
and types, and took them by night to Worcester.
There he resumed the issue of the Spy, which,
at all events in 1888, was still being regularly
issued. In 1786 he got from Europe the first
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 145
fount of music ever used in New Eng-land.
In 1788 he opened a book store in Boston. In
1791 he issued the Bible in folio. He gave his
own fine collection of books, amounting to
8,000 volumes, to the Worcester Antiquarian
Library.
Of him William Lincoln wrote: "His re-
putation will rest on manly independence,
which gave through the initiatory stage and
progress of the Revolution, the strong influence
of the press he directed, towards the cause of
freedom, when royal flattery would have
seduced, and the power of government subdued,
its action."
The wreath and armorial bookplate of John
Quincy Adams, sixth President of the United
States, is almost more pleasing to behold
than one could expect to have been chosen by
one of the very sternest old Puritans that ever
breathed ; but, after all, John Quincy Adams
was a scholar and man of affairs, who from
early boyhood had travelled much, and in good
company. All this would give him some ideas
of good taste. "J. Q. A." seems to lead
involuntarily to the thought of another wreath
and armorial bookplate of a not less interesting
character.
The lawyer, Josiah Quincy, was born in 1744,
L
146 BOOKPLATES
in Boston, and died at sea in 1775 ; but much
happened in that short spell of years. He was
one of the first to say in plain terms, "that
an appeal to arms, followed by a separation
from the mother-country, was inevitable."
Early in 1773, when already suffering from
consumption, he took a voyage under doctor's
orders ; but, returning to Boston, he was
present in the Old South Meeting-house on
December i6th, and as the men, disguised as
Indians, rushed past the door on their way to
the tea-ships, he exclaimed : "See the clouds
which now rise thick and fast upon our horizon,
the thunders roll and the lightnings play, and
to that God who rides on the whirlwind and
directs the storm, I commit my country."
The plate, with armorial shield and crest, of
Dr. John Jeffries may be remembered, though
no draughtsman or engraver's name is tied to
it, as the bookplate of the man who, in Boston,
in 1789, delivered the first lecture on anatomy
ever given in New England.
We may turn now from surgeons to a doctor
of divinity. The plate of Samuel Farmar
Jarvis, d.d., here reproduced from my copy
of Bingley's Voyiigers — in which Jarvis has
written: "To my dear Edrica Faulkner a
small token of regard from her affectionate
'•Ml/
dya7?Ucc/oyaZf/un^/rfff'/j.l:2). hu).
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 147
friend Saml Farmer Jarvis. Siena, Septemb,
24. 1832." — is described by Hewins as: "Ar-
morial. Literary. Mottoes ' Hora e sempre,'
and ' Sola salus servire Deo.' The shield rests
against a pile of books, and, above, the cross
and crown are seen in a blaze of g"lory."
S. F. Jarvis, son of the bishop, was born at
Middletown, in Connecticut, in 1786, and from
his tastes and scholarship his name is well
worthy of record where books are concerned.
In 1826 he sailed for England, and spent nine
years in literary study, exploring many of the
great libraries of Europe. The fruit of these
labours may be seen in some valuable works
afterwards published. His fine collection of
paintings and interesting library were sold
after his death in 185 1.
Leaving now the armorial plates, and coming
to a literary name which is almost as familiar
a sound in London as in New York, we find
the bookplate of Oliver Wendell Holmes, a
charming original design — a nautilus shell,
with the motto " per ampliora ad altiora."
*'If you will look into Roget's Bridgewater
Treatise y'' said the autocrat one morning,
" you will find a figure of one of these shells
and a section of it. The last will show you
the series of enlarging compartments succes-
148 BOOKPLATES
sively dwelt in by the animal that inhabits the
shell, which is built in a widening- spiral."
" Build thee more stately mansions, O my soul, as the
swift seasons roll !
Leave thy low-vaulted past !
Let each new temple nobler than the last,
Shut thee from heaven with a dome more vast.
Till thou at length art free.
Leaving- thine outgrown shell by life's unresting sea."
A very curious plate is that of Laurence
Hutton, the author. The plate consists mainly
of a full-length portrait of William Make-
peace Thackeray, with " Laurence Hutton " in-
scribed under it ! The author of Vanity Fair
stands in an arched doorway, which leads to
bookcases and books. Laurence Hutton was
born in the city of New York in 1843. As a
writer he is well known on both sides of the
ocean, and for twenty years he always spent
the summer months in England.
Turnings from peace to war, the bookplate of
Lieutenant E. Trenchard, of the United States
Navy, represents another side of life. In
this plate, as, happily, in almost all bookplates
of American origin, the name is there clear
and unmistakable. Behind the horizontal oval
bearing- the name, are flags, cannon, cannon-
balls, and an anchor. The owner of this plate
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 149
was born in New Jersey in 1784, and on April
30th, 1800, he was appointed a midshipman in
the United States Navy, and became lieu-
tenant on February i8th, 1807. In the war of
181 2 to 18 1 5 he commanded the Madison in
some of her engag-ements on Lake Ontario,
and also rendered distinguished service at the
blockade of Kingston. These were stirring
times, and the following exact quotation from,
not improbably, the only copy in existence of a
tiny printed manual, is of real interest. Following
Article IL are many other regulations. Then,
Firelock Manual of the Sergeants, and the full
name of every member of this patriotic band.
CONSTITUTION.
Instituted March 7, 1805. Revised February 24, 1807.
PREAMBLE.
At the present crisis, when war is spreading its ravages
over the European world, and states and empires are
buried in its ruins, and whilst all Governments must
depend upon their military strength for their existence,
it becomes indispensably necessary to every 3^oung man
to make the art of war a study, that he may be ever
ready to turn out in defence of the honour and independ-
ence of his country.
WE the .undersigned Non-Commissioned Officers of
Infantry of the third Brigade, first Division, Massa-
chusetts Militia, impressed with a sense of the above
ISO BOOKPLATES
remarks, have associated for the purpose of meetinjf
and practising- the Manual Exercise, and all such Com-
pany Manoeuvres as we can unitedly collect, that are
necessary for us to understand ; thereby forming a
Military School, which we hope will ever be a source
of improvement to its members. We have, therefore,
subscribed to the following- articles as our Constitution,
and do most solemnly pledg-e our honours to abide and
be governed by them in every respect.
Article I.
This Association shall be styled " The Soul OF the
Soldiery." *
Arlicle II.
Xo one shall be a member unless he actually holds a
Warrant in the Infantry of the third Brigade, first
Division, Massachusetts Militia.
A splendid iion-armorial and naval plate is
the bookplate with the name "Stephen Cleve-
land" under the engraving of a fine man-of-war
of the old time in full sail.
Stephen Cleveland went to sea in 1756, being
seized in Boston, and pressed for a British man-
of-war. His father, a clergyman, founded, in
1750, at Halifax, the first Presbyterian church
in Canada. On the Declaration of Independence
Stephen Cleveland was given a captain's com-
mission, and brought over from Bordeaux
* The name given to the non-commissioned officers of
the Continental Army by Baron Stuben.
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 151
valuable munitions of war. His commission
is said to have been the earliest issued by the
American Government.
Of quite modern plates a good specimen is
that of a well-known New York collector,
Mr. Eduard Hale Bierstadt. The style is
allegorical ; a piping shepherd, naked, but for
a sergeant's sash ! Books and flowers, with
the motto: "nunc mihi mox aliis."
A very pleasing, particularly because un-
pretending, plate is that of ** Melvin H.
Hapgood. Hartford, Conn. U.S.A." It is
but little more than a very finely ornamented
label including a very small shield-of-arms.
"Thomas Bailey Aldrich His Mark" is the
inscription on the frame bordering a rect-
angular modern bookplate. Inside is a bird
over a mask, and, failing more serious emblems,
the idea of the bird as a young rook is not
inappropriate to the familiar expression "his
mark."
A more pretentious plate, and well illustrated
by Mr. Hewins, is that of the Rev. Dr. Joseph
Henry Dubbs, professor in Franklin and
Marshall College. In the middle is a shield-
of-arms fastened in front of a spreading oak
tree. The several inscriptions are : " 1880
Joseph Henry Dubbs D:D: — ex recto decus — "
1 52 BOOKPLATES
and the migrations of the family noted as
follows : *' Styria 1446 ; Helvetia 1531 ;
America 1732."
Of modern American library interior ex libris
may be mentioned James Phinney Baxter's,
with an easy-chair, a table, an old clock, and
rows of books. Louis J. Haber's plate be-
speaks ease and comfort. Here, as usual,
are the rows of books, and the old motto :
'* My silent but faithful friends are they."
Albert C. Bates's bookplate reproduces an
early woodcut of a Leyden University old
library, with its chained books.
A beautiful plate, mentioned by Mr. Hewins,
is the coloured ex libris of Gerald E. Hart, of
Montreal, representing the interior of a cell
in some medieval monastery, with a tonsured
monk sitting on his stone bench, illuminating
a manuscript. The Gothic window admits
light through its highly coloured design, and
rows of vellum lie beside the desk of the old
monk.
Leaving library interiors, we note, amongst
scores of other good literary bookplates, that
of the Rev. Wm, R. Huntington, Rector of
Grace Church, New York City, a design adapted
from a frontispiece by Walter Crane for the
Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm, and in
BOOKPLATES IN AMERICA 153
which a curly-locked youth is, with a huge key
in hand, opening the door of a house. Upon
the roof are seen two cupids, making pleasant
sounds with lyre and voice. With this plate
is the charming motto : " In veritate victoria."
Many pleasing American ex libris are not
personal at all. The bookplate of the Grolier
Club is in itself a beautiful object, befitting a
society which, although only founded in New
York less than twenty years ago, occupies
such a unique position in literary circles.
Of a far different style is the allegorical
plate inscribed: "This Book belongs to the
Monthly Library in Farmington. Laws. i. Two
pence per day for retaining a Book more than
one Month. 2. One penny for folding down a
Leaf. 3. 3 shillings for lending a book to
a Nonproprietor. Other Damages apprais'd
by a Committee. 5. No Person allowed a
Book while indebted for a Fine."
The following lines probably refer to the
allegorical drawing : —
" The youth who Led by Wisdom's guiding Hand
Seeks Virtue's Temple, and her Law Reveres :
He, he alone in Honour's Dome shall stand,
Crown'd with Rewards, and rais'd above his Peers."
At the foot of the plate is " M. Bull's and
T. Lee's sculp." This said Martin Bull was
154 BOOKPLATES
an interesting village character. For thirty-
nine years he held the post of clerk of pro-
bate, and for eight years was town treasurer.
He also worked as a goldsmith, manufactured
saltpetre for the army, and conducted the
church choir ! This interesting local library
was founded in 1795, ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ called *' The
Library in the First Society in Farmington."
In 1801 it acquired the name engraved over
the bookplate.
CHAPTER XII
INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS
John Collet of Little Gidding — A book that was in the
Battle of Corunna — Henry Howard — Sir Percivall Hart
— ^John Crane and the Battle of Naseby.
IN a work treating of bookplates some space
devoted to the subject of inscriptions in
books can hardly be out of place. In the
view of the real book-lover — and no others are
asked to look at this volume — a book, until
actually destroyed, is a very living reality. As
he takes it carefully into his hands he thinks of
the wondrous thoughts and deeds that may be
unfolded between its covers. He also thinks,
if it be an old book, of the host of scenes of
other days through which the book has passed.
Bookplates in it of former owners are of in-
terest ; but so, too, in a very striking manner,
are any manuscript names and notes of former
owners.
After these few words, the following few
notes will probably speak for themselves.
1 56 BOOKPLATES
The following' curious inscription is at the
beg^inning of a precious Little Gidding large
folio volume in the British Museum. The
pressmark is 1 23. e 2 : —
"Johannes Collet,
Filius
Thomai Collet,
Pater
Thomae Gulielmi Johannis,
Omnium superstes,
Natus
Quarto Junii 1633,
Denasciturus,
Quando Deo visum fueritj
Interim hujus proprietarius.
John Collet."
The armorial bookplate of Robert Chambers
is of interest, as I have it in a copy of the
Bible which has passed throug"h terrible ex-
periences, as related in The Times, 2y6. October,
1902, and given more fully below : —
"The Holy Bible containing the Old and
New Testaments : translated out of the original
tongues, and with the former translations
diligently compared and revised.
By His Majesty's Special Command.
Appointed to be read in Churches.
INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS 157
" Edinburg-h, Printed by Sir J. H. Blair and
J. Bruce, Printers to the King's Most Excellent
Majesty. 1799."
It carries the following inscriptions : —
"this Bible
is a token of respect to
W" Chambers
from his Sister Mary
on the 23'' of Septr 1805
and hopes he will esteem it
and By the Grace of it's Author
find in it a faithfull
Companion a Wise Counseler
a Comfortable and Sure Guide
through every Dispensation
of Life that it may Please
the Almighty to Place
— him in — "
" W"^ Chambers his Book / Gibralter Oct^ 24'*^
1806 "
"In case of Death By Accident I trust the
Person Whoever this Book may fall in their
hands that will send a Line to the Person
mentioned in the above hand. Intimating the
same Oct^" 24 1806 W"' Chambers "
Then, happily, in another inscription, signed
" R. Chambers," we get the story com-
pleted : —
158 BOOKPLATES
" W" Chambers of the 42"^'
Lost his Life by Accident Feby
20**^ 1807 at Gibralter this Bible
fell to the care of his Comrade
Andrew Leach and became
his Companion through many
troubles they landed at Lisbon
Sept 2^ 1808 and from their
they Marched to Salamanca
in Spain from which they
retreated under the g"reatest
hardships to Coruna
where on the 16"' of J any 1809
they were preserved in a most
dreadfuU Conflict with the
Enemy and on the 27 landed
Safe in England he sent
this object of his Care and
Consolation to me April 10*''
1809 R Chambers "
On a fly-leaf at the end of the Bible are the
three following" separate inscriptions : —
"Col Wild, Malta
Serv' Name John Bacchens "
"William Chambers
Born Anno Domini
Sep* 13*'' 1782 "
" Mary Chambers
her Book April 19 1809 "
INSCRIPllONS IN BOOKS 159
Robert Chambers has cut the printed name
off the foot of his bookplate and pasted it
above, so as not to cover the earher inscrip-
tion : "W" Chambers his Book, Gibralter
Oct^" 24*^ 1806." I have just boug-ht this rehc
of Corunna — where Sir John Moore ended his
glorious life amid the fires of victory — from
Mr. William Harper, a second-hand bookseller
of the true old-fashioned type, a man to whom
a book is an object of reverence. He cata-
logued the late Edward Solly's interesting
library. His old chief, Andrew Clark, bought
it at the sale, of which I quote the catalogue
title in full, from good Andrew Clark's own
marked copy: "removed from Gray's Inn. A
catalogue of the valuable Library of 3000
vols, containing several excellent works on
Topography, Theology, Law, History, and
Miscellanies : many of the best editions of
the classics, a very curious collection of old
Bibles, In nearly all languages, illuminated
missals, breviaries, and old MSS. in good
preservation, And various works, in nearly
all classes of Literature, many being exceed-
ingly curious and scarce. Which will be sold
by Auction by Mr. Geo. Berry at the auction
rooms, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, on
Thursday, June 29th, 1854, and Following
i6o BOOKPLATES
Day, at II for 12 oclock, each day, without
reserve, By direction of the Executors of the
late Robert Chambers Esq. Barrister at Law.
May be viewed the day prior and Morning of
Sale ; and Catalogues had at the place of Sale ;
And of the Auctioneer, no. 8a, Motcomb
Street, Belgrave Square. H. D. Pite, Printer,
37 Cheyne Walk, Chelsea."
"Q. F. F. Q. S.
Hunc librum pro summo suo in Tyrones apud
eum Literas discentes studio, D Robertas
Spence Ludimagister in Schola illustri Edin-
burgensi Jacobi Regis Scotorum ejus nominis
Sexti, Gulielmo Binning discipulo suo, hoc
anno Syntaxi Latine operam navanti, tanquam
latae a condiscipulis victorice palmarium, &
future diligentiae & industries incitamentum,
dono dedit.
Prid : Id : Ian :
MDCCXXVIII "
is inscribed at the beginning of a copy of
phrases "linguae latinae, ab aldo manutio p.f.
conscriptas: .... londini excusum pro Socie-
tate Stationariorum. 1636."
"M.DC.VIII
lUustrissimoNorthamtoniseComiti Dno Henrico Howarde
regicC Maiestati a secretis et sanctiaribus consiliis.
Quinque Portuum praefecto vig'ilanti.ssimo
in noui formosissimi ineuntis Anni
auspitium Ferceuillas Harte
LL: MM. DD:"
INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS i6i
This inscription was in a book in splendid
Eng-lish sixteenth -century binding-, which be-
long-ed then to the Royal Society, and has the
well-known old bookplate of the Royal Societ3^
Nothing- now remains but one cover and three
fly-leaves.
The Henry Howard of this interesting in-
scription was born at Shottesham, in Norfolk,
on February 25th, 1539, being- the second son
of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and the
younger brother of Thomas Howard, fourth
Duke of Norfolk. His father dying- when he
was but seven years old, he was left to the care
of his aunt, the Duchess of Richmond, and
lived at Reigate, a manor of the Duke of
Norfolk's, under the tutorship of John Foxe,
the martyrologist. On Queen Mary's accession
the Duke of Norfolk, the grandfather, was
released from prison, and he dismissed Foxe.
Howard was now put under the care of a
zealous Catholic, John White, Bishop first of
Lincoln and then of Winchester. Soon came
another turn of the wheel — Mary died! Eliza-
beth turned White out of his bishopric, herself
took charge of Howard's education and sent
him to King's College, Cambridge, where he
graduated in 1564.
In 1572 his brother, now Duke of Norfolk,
M
1 62 BOOKPLATES
was accused of plotting to marry Mary Queen
of Scots, and Banister, the Duke's confidential
agent, declared in his confession that Henry
was the subject first proposed for the hand of
Mary Queen of Scots. Henry Howard was at
once seized, but proving" his innocence to Eliza-
beth's satisfaction, he was released, and a pension
assigned to him. To follow him would be to
write an elaborate book ; but, in short, his life
of seventy-four years was too full of variety to
be peaceful or pleasant. He was constantly
suspected of strong Roman Catholic sym-
pathies, and he was often in close corre-
spondence with Mary Queen of Scots, although,
as regards the tendency of his influence, he
himself at least said that he gave her the
prudent advice to " abate the sails of her royal
pride."
At all events, much romance must always
attach to the name of anyone who, like Henry
Howard, was oft exchanging tokens with Mary
Queen of Scots. In the latter years of Queen
Elizabeth he entered into a secret correspond-
ence with James of Scotland, who wrote to him
often on intimate terms, and who, on hearing
of Elizabeth's death, sent Howard a ruby as a
token. On January ist, 1604, Howard became
Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, and soon
INSCRIPllONS IN BOOKS 163
afterwards Baron Howard of Marnhull, Dorset-
shire, and Earl of Northampton. In the next
year he was made a Knight of the Garter, and
in 1608 he was appointed to the office of Lord
Privy Seal.
Sir Percivall Hart, Chief Server, and Knight
Harbinger to Henry VHI., Edward VI., Mary,
and Elizabeth, died in 1580, leaving a son.
Sir Percivall Hart, who married twice, first to
Anne, daughter of Sir Richard Manwood,
Knight, Chief Baron of the Court of Exchequer,
by whom he had a son, William ; and his second
wife was Jane, daughter of Sir Edward Stan-
hope of Grimston, Knight, by whom he had
issue Sir Henry Hart, Knight of the Bath, who
died in his father's lifetime, having married
Elizabeth, daughter of — Burdet, and a widow
of Sir Simon Norwich, by whom he left
Percy val, Francis, George, and Elizabeth,
who died young ; Percyval and Jerome, who
died without issue; and George, who married
Elizabeth, daughter of — Berisford, and left
two sons, Percival and George, and two
daughters, Jane and Elizabeth.
William Hart, only son of Sir Percyval by
his first wife, succeeded his father in the pos-
session of LuUingstone, and died on March 31st,
167 T, aged seventy-seven, and was buried
1 64 BOOKPLATES
there. He married Elizabeth, daug^hter of
Sir Anthony Weldon, of Swanscombe, Knight,
who died in 1677, and lies buried there, by
whom he had no issue, upon which the
Manor of Lullingstone descended to Percyval
Hart, Esq., eldest son of Sir Henry Hart,
Knight of the Bath, eldest son of Sir Percyval
Hart, Knight, by his second wife as above-
mentioned. He was afterwards knighted,
and left issue by Anne, his wife, one son,
Percyval Hart, Esq., who was of Lullingstone,
was sheriff in 1707, and Member of Parliament
for the county in the ninth and twelfth years
of Queen Anne. He died October 27th, 1738,
aged seventy, and was buried in Lullingstone
Church, having by Sarah, his wife, youngest
daughter of Henry Dixon of Hilden, Esquire, an
only daughter and heir, Anne, then married
to her second husband. Sir Thomas Dyke
of Hexham, in Sussex, Baronet.
The notes given below, and many more, all
evidently in the hand of John Crane, are in a
1649 copy of Reliquice Sacrce Carolina: —
Look back in the Record Office to the time
of Naseby fight. There is written as follows : —
1645, J*^"^ 23'^'^. — Ordered in the Comon's
House this day that the 23 members here
named are added to the committee where
INSCRIPllONS IN BOOKS 165
Mr. Tate hath the chaire, and are to meete
tomorrowe morning' att 7 of ye clocke in ye
Queenes Court, and to appoint persons to
transcribe those particulars (in the several
letters and papers taken at Naseby field) that
are most materiall, and to consider what shall
be done with the Portug-all Agent, and to
examine Mr. Browne & his sonne (if ye House
sitt not) when they are brought up.
This Mr. Tate has been indexed as Zouch
Tate, M.P. for Northampton, chairman of the
committee for regulating the armies.
Baker's Northamptonshire relates that John
Crane, of Loughton, Bucks, Clerk of the
Household to James the First and Charles the
First, was living in 165 1 at the age of seventy-
five and lived long after that. He married
Mary, eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Tresham.
They had many children, including a son John
and a daughter Anne ; the latter marrying
Francis Arundell of Stoke Park.
On the blank lower half of the page preced-
ing the Eikon, and on the title of the Eikon : —
"Some tyme after the King was murtherd
by accident I was in ye company of one of
Mr. Tate's servants (with my wife & several
others) whose master was one of those ap-
poynted to examine the kings letters I asked
1 66 BOOKPLATES
him whether he ever saw aney of ye kings
writing-, he told me that his master tate com-
mitted severall of those letters to his custodie,
and that those letters ye Parlt. put forth in
print were written with ye king's own hand, I
asked him whether they printed all they had,
he said no they burned maney, I asked ye
reason, he said because they vindicated the
king from maney things they charged upon
him & that if those letters had bin printed they
would have bin very much for the kings advan-
tage & that they caused to be printed only
those they thought would make against him,
and that it was pittie they were burned. This
my cosin Zouch Tats man spake at my sister
Arundells at Stoake in ye company of maney
with me John Crane junior. This he had told
me before, but I loved to hear him againe."
" Ex libris Joannis Holleri Brixi :
In Domino confido
Quisquis es inuentor nostri
te quaso libelli
Huic reddas cujusque nomen adesse "
is the contemporary inscription over the book-
plate reproduced on another page : —
" Bibliothecae "•
" Novacellensis. "
INSCRirTIONS IN BOOKS 167
It appears in a copy of D. Radvlphi Ardentis
Pictavi, Doctoris Theologi per antiqui illustriss.
Aquitanice Ducis Gulielmi huius nominis quarti,
Concionatoris disertiss in Epistolas et Euan-
gfelia (et vocant) Sanctorum, Homilis, Ecclesi-
astis omnibus animarum curam gerentibus
plurimum necessariae, et ante annos prope
quingentos ab Auctore conscriptae, nunc pri-
muni in lucem editse.
Quibus annecti curauimus eisusdem Homilias
in Epistolas et Euangelia, quae in communi
Sanctorum legi consueuerunt. Then the prin-
ter's block of two birds in fighting attitude
between an upright staff separating them, with
the motto : " Resparia crescunt concordia," and
the date 1560. Below the printer's block :
" Antverpiae, In sedibus Vidu^ & Haeredum
Joan. Stelfii. M.D.LXX. Cum Priuilegio."
Nova cella, or Newstifft, a beautiful Bava-
rian cloister of the Praemonstratensian Order
in the diocese of Freysing, near the junction
of the Moselle and Iser, was, in the year 1141,
founded by three brothers : Otho, Bishop of
Freysing ; Henry, Margrave of Austria, and
Conrad of Salzburg. They dedicated it to the
apostles St. Peter and St. Paul. Alas ! in the
time of the Thirty Years' War it was quite
destroyed. On one blank leaf is pasted the
1 68 BOOKPLATES
bookplate here givei>, and on another is written,
"Ex libris/T. H. Foster/In Festi Purificationis/
B.V.M. 88/ + ". The book is in its original
stamped binding, with clasps.
Now this short gossip on ex libris must
draw to a close.
In one sense — that of variety — the study
of bookplates can be elaborated in a never-
ending course. You can set your mind on
collecting, arranging, and studying the book-
plates of lawyers. Again, you can limit that,
and collect only the bookplates of barristers,
as distinguished from solicitors; you can limit
your attention to judges ; you can confine
it to a century, a country, or even a county ;
you can strive to put together all the Chippen-
dale bookplates ever made ; you can strive to
collect every portrait-plate, every plate with
a ship, every landscape-plate, every military
bookplate, or collect military bookplates, at
the same time excluding every aspirant below
a general ! The varieties are endless ; it is
merely a question of ringing the changes.
Perhaps one of the most sensible divisions, in
a small way, is that of collecting the plates of
the various members of certain families.
Memorable words were spoken in March,
1891, by John Leighton, f.s.a., the first chair-
INSCRIPllONS IN BOOKS 169
man of the Ex Libris Society: "The Society
should be select, and in no way connected with
profit, other than the pleasure to be derived
in making- the past patent to the present and
future."
The present writer is not a bookplate col-
lector; but an honoured member of the Council
of the Ex Libris Society has kindly lent most
of the numbers of the Society's Journal, from
the date of its foundation. One or two of
several years he had lost, and very many of
the numbers had not, till now, made the ac-
quaintance of a paper-knife. There is, I need
hardly say, much in the Journal of interest,
and reflecting- hig-hly on the ingenuity of Mr.
W. H. K. Wright, fellow of the Royal His-
torical Society.
In turning- over the numbers of the Journal
a fond, vain wish seizes one ; and it is this —
Oh ! that I could strike out the trade journal
element, or relegate it to certain pages, wholly
apart from the interesting historical and anti-
quarian portions. Alas ! how could this be
expected, seeing that leading members of the
Society were professionally busied with book-
plates? Perhaps this has all been remedied.
Then, too, in turning over numbers one can-
not help thinking that a bookplate of simple
I70 BOOKPLATES
taste was sadly discouraged. In the first place,
a "fanciful" design was directly recommended ;
and in the second place, by constantly urging
that each member of the Society must sport at
least one bookplate of his own, and must be
ready to exchange. Thus anyone who has
joined the Society, and whose own library may
be limited to Bnidshaw and the Stock Ex-
change Year Book, must start an ex libris, not
to place in the primary proper place for book-
plates, but to post to Dick, Tom, and Harry,
similarly placed. Again, unless he wish to be
ignored, he must make every effort to have as
grand and fantastic a plate as his neighbour.
A volume has just, on going to press, come
into my hands, which, although printed as late
as 1850, is deliciously redolent of old-world
life. The work is the Life of James Davies,
a village schoolmaster, written by Sir Thomas
PhiUips. London : John W. Parker, West
Strand, 1850. On the inner cover, facing the
half-title, is a most charming black silhouette
profile portrait of a lady of some ninety years
ago, subscribed "ever your sincere Friend
Sarah Jones." Above is written, "S Jones
born g**" April 1771." In, of course, another
hand, is written at the foot, "Died July 18*'':
1852." The portrait is of the wife and widow
INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS 171
of the Rev. William Jones, as shown by several
marked passag^es of the book. Her husband
was in pastoral charge, and she his devoted
helper, where James Davies was the earnest
and evidently very unpedantic pedag"og"ue : "It
was in the summer of 1815 that James Davies
removed from Usk to the Devauden, and
received the charge of rude, ragged, and
boisterous mountain children, whom he long
instructed by precept and example."
This biography, the work of Sir Thomas
Phillips, a neighbouring squire, is illustrated
with very good engravings, and altogether
recalls at every turn, scenes worthy of good
George Herbert and Nicholas Ferrar.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Les Ex Libn's Fran^ais, hy A. Poulet-Malassis. Paris,
1874.
A Guide to the Study of Bookplates, by the Hon.
John Byrne Leicester Warren. J. Pearson, London,
1880. pp. iii. and 238.
Revue des Ex Lihris Alsaciens, by A. Stoeber. Mul-
house, 1881.
Die DeutscJien Biidierzeiclien, by F. Warnecke.
Berlin, 1890. pp. 255.
Composite Bookplates, by E. B. Ricketts. London,
1890.
Les Ex Lihris, by H. Bouchot. Paris, 1891. pp. 104.
Bibliography of Bookplates, by H. W. Fincham and
J. R. Brown. Plymouth, 1892. pp. 24.
Heraldic Bookplates, by A. M. Hildebrandt. Berlin.
1892.
French Bookplates, by W. Hamilton. London, 1892.
pp. 175. Also in Bell's Ex Libris Series, 1896. pp. 360.
English Bookplates, bv Etjerton Castle. London,
1893.
Rare Bookplates of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth
Centuries, by F. Warnecke. London, 1893.
Dated Bookplates, by W. Hamilton. London, 1894.
The Processes for the Production of Bookplates, by
J. \'inycomb. London, 1894. pp. 96.
Illustriertes handbuch de Ex Libris kunde, b_v G. -A.
Seyler. Berlin, 1895. pp. 88.
Wardour Press Series of Armorial Plates. London,
1895, etc.
Ex Libris Series, J. W. G. White. London, 1895, etc.
172
BIBLIOGRAPHY 173
American Bookplates, by C. D. Allen. London, 1895.
Bookplates, by \V. J. Hardy, F.s.A. London, 1897.
Artists and Engravers of British and American Book
plates, by H. \V. Fincham. London, 1897.
Bookplates Old and Xeiv, bv J. A. Gade. New York,
1898.
Bookplates and their J'aliie, by J. H. Slater. London,
1S98.
Die Sch7veizerisclien Bibliothekzeichen, by L. Gerster.
Kappelen, 1898.
Odd Volumes and their Bookplates, h\ W. Hamilton.
London, 1899.
INDEX
Adams, J- T., 15
Agate, T-, 107
Ailleboiist, C, 8
Ailesbury, Marquis, 67
Albosius, C. , 8
Aldrich, T. B., 151
Alleine, R., 96
Amman, J., 19, 20
Antonie, W. L. , 94
Architecture, Royal Insti-
tute of, 116
Arundel], F., 165
Bacchus, J., 158
Bacon, Sir W. , 23
Bandinel, B. , 109
Bartolozzi, F. , 5
Barwick, G. F., 44, 53, 56,
57. 58, 106
Bastille, The, 40
Bates, H. C, 153
Bateman, T., 89
Bateman, W., 89
Baumgartner, H., 17
Baxter, Anacreon, 47, 11 1
Baxter, J- P-, 152
Beall, W., 107
Bardsley. A., 72
Beaufort, Duke of, 90
Beavan, 65
Beck with, T., 50
Beer, F. T., 115
Beesly, A. H., 66
Beham, H. S. , 17
Beham, B., 17
Bell, T., 93
Bell, G. , and Sons, 28
Benedict, St., 11
Bennett, W. J. G., 66
Berry, G., 159
Berryer, P. A., 42
Bewick, 3
Bewick, Messrs., 100
Bielke, T., 26
Bierstadt, E. H., 151
Bigot, J., 27
Bigot, L. E., 27
Binning, W. , 160
Bliss, P., 109
Bouchart, A., 26
Boycott, R., 47
Boycott, S., 48
Bradshaw, T., 118
Bradstreet, A., 127
Brandenburg, H., 12
Bridges, Mary A., 71
Briot, J., 28
Brook, 105
Brown of Waterhaughs, 47,
III
Boulais de Nanteuil, A. F. A.,
39
Buhner, W., and Co., 99
I7S
176
BOOKPLATES
Bull, M., 153
Bunsen, Baron, 56
Burgkmaier, H., 22
Burgoyne, Sir J., 23
Burns, R., 66
Busse, VV. L. , 75
Campbell, A., loi
Campbell of Shawfield, loi
Cardale, G. , 114
Carlander, Herr, 26
Carruthers, W., 59
Castle, E., 10
Chambers, C. , 156
Chambers, M., 157
Chambers, W., 157
Champion, 67
Chester, C, 1 14
Chichester Cathedral, 106
Cholmondeley, H., Vis-
count, 45
Christoff, T., 53
Clark, A., 159
Clark, R., 117
Cleveland, S., 150
Coates, E. F., 45, 46-51, 80,
87, loi, no, 118, 119
Collet, T., 156
Collett,"R. W. D.,48
Collins, D. , 42
Colquhoun, P., 64
Compton, C. , 82, S;^
Conduit, J., 90
Constable, t-. 86
Constable, \V. , 86
Convers, P. A., 38
Coster, D. de, 33
Coster, P. de, ^;i
Corunna, 159
Crane, J., 164
Crane, W. , 152
Cranach, L., 20, 21
Custance, O., 72
Custos, R. , 33
Dale, T. A., 114
Davies, J., 170
Deedes, Prebendary, 93, 106
Denholme, J. S., 51
Bering, T., 144
Dickens. C, 124
Dubbs, J. H., 151
Dudley, A., 127
Diirer, A., 14, 15, 16, 131
Edwards, J-, 128
Eikoii Basilike, 165
Eliot, J., 126
Elizabeth, Queen, 24
Eschentach, H. E. von, 16
Eustace, J., 71
Ex Libris Society, 169
Farquhar, W., 65
Farrington, 153
P'aulkner, E., "146
Feilden, H. St. C , 65
Fenwick, 117
Fischart, J., 20
Fiott, J., 94-97
Forbes, C, 87
Fothergill, 115
Foster, T. H., 168
Franklin, B., 129
Frederick, Sir J., Bart., 58
Fraser of Ledeclune, 97
Gardner, F., 23
Goldie, C, 69
INDEX
177
Gordon, C. , 98
Gordon of Buthlaw, 76
Georges, R., 172
Grey, T. P., Earl de, 57
Griggs, 27
Grolier Club, 153
Gualther, L., 26
Guildford, Earl of, 78
Gumey, H., 102
Guthry, H., 77
Gutman, O. G. von, 28
Haines, AI., 20, 138
Hamerton, W., 117
Hamilton, H., 27
Hamilton, W., 38, 41
Hampson (Family), 50
Hapgood, M. H., 151
Hauer. H., 30
Hardy, W. J., 9
Harper, W., 159
Hart, G. E., 152
Hart, Sir P., 163
Hart, W., 163
Harvey, T. E., 69
Hastings (Family), 103
Hearn, E. N., 141
Heathcote, G. P., 119
Holbein, H., 21, 22
Holgate, W., 113
Holler, J., 166
Holmes, O. W., 147
Howard, H., 60
Holzschuher, V., 19
Huet, P. D., 35
Huntington, W. R., 152
Hard, N., 143
Hutt, L., 148
N
Igler, H., 13
Imhof, A., 18
Irving, W., 134
Jarvis, S. F., 146
Jeffries, J., 146
Joher, C. G., 56
Jones, W., 171
Jourdan, Marshal, 40
jund, L. M., 18
Jungen, J. H. zum, 25
Knight, J., 113
Knox, B. W., 66
Kolrirger, A., 14
Kraus, J. O., 54
Krep von Krepenstein, 33
Kriiger, D., 34
Langhorne, J. B., in
Langton, T. , 94
Leach, A., 158
Lebegue, L., 73
Lee, T., 153
Lee, Sir W., 94
Leighton, J., 168
Leiningen-Westerburg,
Count, 7, 12
Lemond, W., 46
Lerchenfeld-Prennberg,
von, 35
Lethbridge, Sir W., 68
Lilburn, C. , 49
Littleton, Edward, Lord, 31,
32, 33
Lizars, D., 47
Loch, J., 46
Lomax, R. T. , 70
Longfellow, H. W., 136
178
BOOKPLATES
Longmate, B. , 62
Lubbock, Sir T. W., 58
Macdonald, Flora, 140
Macintosh, C. C, 87
Mackenzie, J. W., 49
Mahon, Lord, 22
Maitland, T. , 48
Maiden, P. de, 41
Manwood, Sir R., 163
Margetson, E. J-, 70
Margetson, W. H., 70
Maridat, P., 39
Marshall, F. A., 65
Marshall, W., 31, 33
Martin, C, 41
Martin, W., 99
Mayne, R. D. , 113
Menage, G., 36
Mercator, N., 45
Methold, T. T., 119
Monnier, L. , 38
Montrose, Marquis, 49
More, Sir T., 22
Moore, Sir J., 159
Moore, S., 84
Morrell, W., 122
Morton, E. , 72
Mors sola resolvit, 50
Motley, J. L., 136
Muntzinger, R., 13
Napier, Sir W. , 22
Naseby, 164
Neele, S. J., 92
New, E. H., 72
Newcome, Rev. T. , 105
Newstift, 167
Nicol, J., 99
North, F., 78
Northampton, Earl of, 160
Novacella, 16
Northampton, Marcjuis of,
82, 83
Nuremberg, 14
Ochs, T- S., 54
Opel, P., 26
Ormerod, G., 88
Ouseley, Sir G., u6
Palmer, 85
Parker, J. W., 170
Pearce, E., 85
Peel, Sir R., 112
Percival, S., 77
Petan, A., 28
Pfinzing, M., 17
Phillips, Sir T., 170
Phipps, E., 114
Pirckheimer, 15
Pitt, W., 47
Plummer, T. W., 6S
Plumptre, R., no
Poison for the Scotch, no
Pomer, S. H., 15, 171
Pott, H. K., n8
Prescott, W. H., 131
Prince, T., 143
Procter, R., 18
Quincy, J., 145
Raine, R., 93
Raleigh, Sir W., 121
Raynard, T. , 34
Rebello, W. A., 46
Reyger, A. von, 30
INDEX
179
Reynolds, Sir J. , 4
Rhodes, J-, 119
Riston, 42
Rol^erts, C, 119
Robinson, H. C- , 112
Roper, Margaret, 22
Rosenberg, 54
Royal Society, 161
Rupert, Prince, 4
Ryland, W., 5
Sadeler, E., 31
Sadeler, J., 31
Sadeler, R., 30
Sandy, G., 121
Sarrau, C. , 28
Sarrau, I., 28
Sattler, J., 74, 75
Sharp, W., 62
Sibmaker, J. , 29
Sieger, E., 4
Simpson, J. W., 71
Smith, J., 121
Solis, v., 18
Solly, E., 159
Sophia, Princess, 109
Soul of Soldiery, 149, 150
Spence, R , 160
Spengler, L. , 115
Spiring, L., 34
Stansfeld, ]., 46
Stab, J., 15
Stewart, Sir J. D., 116
Stewart, Sir J. S., 112
Stretton, S., in
Stretton, W., in
Suffolk, Earl of, 108
Surtees, R., 92
Sussex, Duke of, 98
Tate, Z., 165
Tatham, F. D. P., 59
Tatham, T. J., 59, 112
Thackeray, W. M., 148
Thomas, ]. , 44
Thomas, M., 85
Thomas, T. J. F., 56
Thompson, N. E., 71
Throckmorton, F., 24
Throckmorton, Sir R. , 24,
Ticknor, G., 133
Tite Donation, 116
Trenchard, E. , 148
Tresham, Sir T., 24
Trotter, E., 64
Troschet, H., 30
Triibner, N., 131
Tschert, J., 15
Twopeny, W., 109
Vaughan, F., 50
Vaisey, J. S. , 66
Voigt, P., 74, 75
Volckamer, G. C., 34
Walpole, S., 78
Wappenbiichlein, 29
Warnecke, Herr, 6, 33
Warren, J., 1 12
Washington, G., 142
Waterlow, E. E., 11
Watson, J., 63
Watson, T- B. , 64
Wray. C." D., 1x5
Weale, W. H. J., n
Wellington, Duke of, 138
Wenzel, C, 39
West, J. W., 71
i8o
BOOKPLATES
Weyer, W. C, 71
Wheatley, H. B., 90
Wiesenhutten, B. , 53
Wilberforce, S. , 80
Wilberforce, W., 80
Wild, Colonel, 158
Williams, J-, 142
Williams, R., 122
Willmer, W. , 27
Winchester Cathedral, 105
Winthrop, J-, 125
Wittenberg University, 21
Wohlgemuth, M., 13, 14
Wolphins, 13
Wolsey, Cardinal, 17
Wood, M., 107, 123
Wood, W., 123
Woodroffe, P., 70
Wrest Park, 57
Wright, W. H. K., 169
Wuss, F. S., 55
Wynfield, 113
Zahn, B. G., 55
Zell, W. von, 12
Zeyll, J. B., 26
PLYMOUTH
WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON
PRINTERS
^WL^-f.,
UCSOUTHtR^.J
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