The Bo tanist
Berwickshire
MICHAEL E. BRAITHWAITE
DAVID G. LONG
FIS\81
BRAITHWAITE, M.E. FT\§1
The botanist in Berw
ABFR1 aa
THE BOTANIST
IN BERWICKSHIRE
‘The Berwickshire Naturalists Club
Seitlas
FIS/Berwickshire
BRAITHWAITE, Michael E.
The botanist in
Berwickshire
ABER Cc... 2 aa Wit brary .icis.ss
THE BOTANIST
IN BERWICKSHIRE
An annotated check-list of the flowering plants and
ferns of Berwickshire
by
Michael E. Braithwaite
BSBI Recorder for Berwickshire
incorporating records compiled by Albert G. Long
and
An annotated check-list of the bryophytes of
Berwickshire
by
David G. Long
Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh
With introductory sections giving an
overview of the flora.
The Berwickshire Naturalists Club
1990
To Albert Long whose project this was and in memory of
Dr George Fohnston 1797-1855 who led the way
‘The authors wish to acknowledge the financial
assistance of the Natural History Publications Fund of
the Berwickshire Naturalists Club
© The Berwickshire Naturalists Club
ISBN 0 9516434 0 1
Printed by Buccleuch Printers, Hawick
Contents
Introduction
Map of Berwickshire
Flowering Plants and Ferns of Berwickshire VC81
An Over-view of the Flowering plants and ferns
Statistical Summary of Flowering plants and ferns
Check-list of Flowering plants and ferns
Bryophytes of Berwickshire VC81
An Over-view of the Bryophytes
Check-list of Bryophytes
Bibiography
Index of Genera — Flowering plants and ferns
Index of Genera — Bryophytes
Table of Families (English Names) — Flowering plants and ferns
Gazetteer
101
104
106
107
St. Abbs Head NNR
INTRODUCTION
M. E. Braithwaite
Scope
The Botanist in Berwickshire is a much abbreviated compilation of the
work of several generations of botanists and presents as informed an
opinion as is available of the current status in Berwickshire of each of
the plant species within its scope.
There is an inescapable fascination about the quest for a complete list
of our flora that can become something of an end in itself but essentially
this work is a by-product of botanising carried out for a variety of
reasons: recreational, scientific, and increasingly in relation to conservation.
It is presented, consciously incomplete and often out of date, above all
to stimulate further work and perhaps also to instil a sense of wonder
at the marvellous diversity of our flora. Nevertheless practical uses are
intended and it is hoped that, in conjunction with the excellent modern
identification floras on which it is based, it may be used by amateur and
professional naturalists, farmers, foresters and conservationists and
indeed anyone who from time to time may come to name a particular
plant and wish then to understand something of how it fits into the
scheme of things in a local context.
For the commoner species little or no detailed information is offered
as a standard flora will point the way, but for scarcer species there is
more detailed information. This information is intended to be indicative
rather than exhaustive. Nevertheless no information has been held back
on grounds of confidentiality in the hope that those with an interest to
follow up a particular record will not have gained the experience
required to do so without at the same time learning a respect for the
countryside, its wildlife and the people who live there.
Our native flora which has been here for millenia co-exists with species
that, having been introduced both accidentally and deliberately in the
last few centuries, have naturalised to varying degrees; and it can be
difficult to decide whether a particular species comes within the scope
of a book on wild plants. In Berwickshire the number of such
introductions is manageable, and it has been thought best to include
almost all the species that have been met with well outside gardens so
that a statement about their status can be made.
Although this book is not intended as a guide to where to botanise in
Berwickshire, many of the places of particular interest do receive
mention and the list of such places is a long one. Nevertheless a true
naturalist will find much of interest throughout the county and will come
to know other places that arouse interest and give pleasure.
The area covered is that of the Watsonian Vice-County 81 - Berwick,
which has the same boundary as the former County of Berwickshire
except for a small area to the west of the Leader Water and a small area
at Laughing Law on the Monynut Water. It does not include Berwick
upon Tweed, which is in Vice-County 68 - Cheviotland.
History of Botanical Recording
The systematic study of Berwickshire’s botany has spanned two
centuries. Brief notes published by Dr Parsons were published in
Lightfoot’s “Flora Scotica” in 1777. Later, in 1807, John V. Thompson,
surgeon, published “A Catalogue of Plants Growing in the Vicinity of
Berwick-upon- Tweed”; this in turn provided the basis for Dr George
Johnston to venture more widely and gather the material for his “Flora
of Berwick-on-Tweed”, published in two volumes in 1829 and 1831.
The first volume covering the flowering plants and the second the
bryophytes, fungi, lichens and algae. This is a work to the highest
standards which has remained the reference flora to this day.
With the completion of his flora in 1831, Dr Johnston sought to share
his interest more widely and founded his hugely successful Berwickshire
Naturalists Club which was a considerable novelty at the time. Much
further work on the botany of the area followed under the club’s auspices
by Dr Johnston and his proteges, noteably Dr James Hardy, and the
results were published in short reports in the club’s “History”, in Dr
Johnston’s later work, “A Natural History of the Eastern Borders” 1853,
and in Dr Hardy’s “Moss Flora of the Eastern Borders” published in
the club’s “History” in 1868.
The western part of the county was little visited by the Berwickshire
Naturalists and this part remains under-recorded to the present day
although an early attempt was made to remedy matters with a list of
plants by Andrew Kelly and William Shaw included in A. Thomson’s
“Lauder & Lauderdale” in 1902. Species lists from various localities
have been published in other botanical journals but no further compilation
work was carried out until J. B. Duncan, a bryologist of national repute,
spent his years of retirement in Berwick and published a “List of the
Bryophytes of Berwickshire” in the Transactions of the Botanical
Society of Edinburgh in 1946. Soon afterwards in the 1950’s Albert G.
Long accepted the post of recorder for the Botanical Society of the
British Isles. He both prepared a card index of the historical records and
also, with his son David soon specialising in the bryophytes, carried out
methodical field work much superior to the hasty survey which was
achieved for the BSBI’s “Atlas of the British Flora” 1962. Meanwhile
the Nature Conservancy Council had arrived and, thanks especially to
the efforts of Christopher O. Badenoch, the flora of what have become
2
sites of special scientific interest had good preliminary surveys, with
special attention to the coast and the oakwoods near Abbey St. Bathans.
Nevertheless, the species lists for these SSSIs remain tentative despite
a number of attempts to revise and annotate them such as the list of
flowering plants of the St. Abbs Head National Nature Reserve
prepared by Stephen R. Warman and the writer in 1987 which remains
unpublished.
More recently the writer has continued to build on this extensive
groundwork with a bias towards sites of interest to the Scottish Wildlife
‘Trust for their conservation value, while David Long has been able to
substantially extend the coverage of bryophytes.
Over the years individual records of note have been contributed by
many other local and visiting botanists and recently particular contributions
have been made by the following specialists: Ferns, A. Waillmot;
Crowfoots, N. T.H. Holmes (with C.D.K. Cook); Brambles,
G. H. Ballantyne (with E.S. Edees and A. Newton); Hawkweeds,
D.J. McCosh (with P.D. Sell); Dandelions, A.J. Richards and
C. C. Haworth; Pondweeds, N. T. H. Holmes (with J. E. Dandy).
It must be emphasised that only a limited search of the literature has
been made and that for the flowering plants no search has been made
in the national herbaria. It is therefore inevitable that a considerable
number of invaluable records have been omitted.
Although many records have been gathered during outings organised
by the Berwickshire Naturalists Club or other societies, many others
have been made by individual botanists walking in the countryside.
Except where their walks have led through policy woodland and the like,
permission has seldom been obtained in advance though every opportunity
has been taken to meet with and speak to owners and farmers in the
course of these rambles to explain that botanical records were being
made. The acceptance of this free and easy approach by owners and
farmers must be acknowledged with deep gratitude and an understanding
that this privilege can only be enjoyed so long as the number of visitors
is modest and their behaviour impecccable.
Conventions
For flowering plants and ferns the order of the species and their scientific
names follow Clapham, Tutin & Warburg. “Excursion Flora of the
British Isles” 3rd Edition 1981. Bryophytes follow Corley & Hill
“Distribution of Bryophytes in the British Isles” 1981. Only important
synonyms have been given, and additional critical species are listed. The
common names of the flowering plants and ferns follow Dony, Jury &
Perring “English Names of Wild Flowers” 2nd Edition 1986 which
imposes an artificial binomial system. These names are not standard to
3
all modern floras. With some exceptions no attempt has been made to
add local names, as few are now in common use and amongst the
remainder the same name is frequently applied to more than one species
as with the weeds called runch. For bryophytes no common names are
given as they are rarely used.
For each species a statement is made of its considered status in the
county except where the only records are those listed when it may be
omitted. In the absence of systematic survey an exhaustive statement of
the frequency and abundance of the commoner species is not attempted.
Information on habitat is added only where the species is notably more
restricted in its habitats in Berwickshire than nationally or where it is felt
that the species has a special significance in relation to habitat that is of
particular interest in interpreting the countryside.
With species that are local rather than widespread typical localities are
listed, often limited to three, whilst for very local species most if not all
of the records are given, especially the most recent ones.
‘The dates given are those of the only or latest record from a particular
locality except that for introduced species the first record may also be
given. Where localities are given without dates the species is considered
to be still present there.
* Asterisk indicates species which are not considered native in
Berwickshire. Also used to indicate localities at which a species is not
considered native. Bryophytes that have colonised recently are not
indicated in this way as any part played by man has been accidental.
() Single brackets indicate species not now considered present, except
sometimes as a casual, but formerly present, together with species only
rarely present as casuals. Also used for localities where a species is not
now considered present.
(( )) Double brackets indicate species for which there is no record but
there might be expected to be one on the basis of its national distribution.
Also used where there are only records that are considered erroneous
and these demand assessment in view of their previous publication.
Records
The authors hold additional details of the records given and at their
discretion will attempt to assist with specific enquiries.
The new records that would be most welcomed by them, including
confirmation of old records, are sufficiently indicated by the layout of
the species notes. If possible the following information should be given:
Species name, grid reference, locality, habitat, date, recorder’s name and
any comments such as the size of the population. In case of doubt a small
voucher specimen may be taken, unless the population is small, but a
flower and some leaves will often do or, in the case of bryophytes, a
4
portion of a tuft. Plants should not be uprooted without the consent of
the owner.
The present addresses of the authors are given below. In case of
difficulty, suitable contacts can be made through the Berwickshire
Naturalists Club, the Scottish Wildlife Trust, the Botanical Society of
the British Isles, the British Bryological Society, the Royal Botanic
Garden Edinburgh or the Nature Conservancy Council.
M. E. Braithwaite, Clarilaw, HAWICK, Roxburghshire TD9 8PT.
D. G. Long, Royal Botanic Garden, EDINBURGH EH3 5LR.
“pansasad 14s14KdO) UM047)
wealjspjod
soot
»
~~»
uoUIMS @
aS
on
b
;@paaemL uo:
“\ YOIMsag.
alee i a 4ayeM
%
apisuyse “PdXYZ7faM
{yedsuinqys09
7
09
“\) @silamsog IS
(at,
asoljaW
@
N
uojsyieqe “\
uop10y5
Me|U9aI5
@
snoews0j6uo07
meq ~v
SAeS 31 4!9W
eo
Asepunog DA- —- —
LB DA e1YysyoIMseg jo dew
FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS
OF BERWICKSHIRE VC81
M.E. Braithwaite
AN OVER-VIEW OF THE
FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS
Berwickshire is an excellent place in which to obtain a grasp of the
natural and human forces that determine Britain’s botany. It is truly a
border county in the sense that here one can study southern and
northern plants intermingling at the limits of their respective ranges in
an area where heath vegetation descended to low elevations. In a county
affected by the remorseless advance of agriculture and forestry one can
still enjoy the rugged coastline, the majestic ‘Tweed and the grouse
moors of the Lammermuirs.
Geology
‘The geology is varied. Calciferous sandstone and a trace of limestone
underlie the agricultural land of the Merse from Coldstream to Duns
and Berwick and outcrop on two stretches of the coast. To the west lie
basaltic lavas, dramatic at Hume Castle, which soon give way to a wide
band of Old Red Sandstone deposits in the Leader valley, the low
moorlands near Greenlaw and the former post-glacial lakes in the
Gordon area. To the northeast lie the Silurian rocks of the Lammermuirs
extending right to the coast at Coldingham Moor. Volcanic intrusions
add interest at St. Abb’s Head, the Dirrington Laws, the craigs at
Sweethope and Hareheugh and the Black Hill at Earlston.
The Coast
‘The coast with its cliffs and sea braes provides a largely unbroken strip
of natural grassland and maritime heath where Primula vulgaris and
Hyacinthoides are abundant for about 30 kilometres from Lamberton to
Dunglass. Below Lamberton the grasslands are base-rich, with Koeleria
and Carlina, while the wet flushes contain Equisetum telmateia, Lythrum
salicaria, Eupatorium cannabinum and Carex pendula. Vhe railway cutting
behind has been colonised by Pastinaca, Valerianella locusta and Bromus
erectus. ‘The braes north of Burnmouth are the most colourful in
Berwickshire with Vicia sylvatica and Geranium sanguineum together with
Poterium sanguisorba and long-established Petroselinum crispum.
At Eyemouth, the headland behind Gunsgreen has a fine spring flora
with Primula veris, Orchis mascula and a late-flowering colony of Scilla
7
verna; it also retains a small colony of Schoenus nigricans. Below
Coldingham, the Linkim Shore and Coldingham Bay provide a more
varied habitat with Ammophila and Leymus together with Thalictrum minus,
Cakile and Spergularia marina. Here attempts to fix the eroding sand
dunes with mesh have provided a habitat for Montia perfoliata.
At St. Abb’s Head, the varied and magnificent topology provides both
exposed sea cliffs with Sedum rosea and Ligusticum scoticum and also
sunny inland cliffs with Minuartia verna, Trifolium striatum and Torilis
nodosa. Astragalus danicus and Viola canina favour the edges of the
knowes above, while Artemisia maritima occurs on the stacks at Petticowick.
The superb coastline continues north to Fast Castle with its Asplenium
marinum behind which lies the stark Dowlaw Dean with Sedum rosea,
Thalictrum minus and Alhum vineale; it is also one of the ancient stations
for Chamerion angustifolium.
Pease Bay has been largely surrendered to holiday makers but near
Reed Point Glaucium flavum survives; there is also a tiny salt marsh with
Parapholis incurva and Carex extensa. Long extinct from the Berwickshire
coast are Smyrnium olusatrum and Mertensia maritima.
Woodland
Ancient woodland is scarce indeed. The ground flora of the valley elm
woods with Allium ursinum and Mercurialis, Saxifraga granulata,
Chrysosplenium alternifolium and Adoxa is quite widely preserved but the
canopy is often much given over to Acer pseudoplatanus and softwoods.
Pease Dean on the coast, the Eye Water below Ayton Castle, Clarabad
on the Whiteadder, Nabdean at Paxton House and Gledswood near
Leaderfoot are some of the best remaining examples of these elm woods.
Of these, Pease Dean is notable for its ferns - Phyllitis scolopendrium,
Polystichum aculeatum and P. setiferum. The elm woods intergrade with
oak woods and in a few of the richer fragments Campanula latifolia is
frequent with Lathraea, Neottia and Epipactis helleborine just surviving.
Arum maculatumis locally plentiful but perhaps is always an introduction
while Paris and Gagea, present in these habitats elsewhere in the Borders,
are absent.
Fine oak woods remained at Penmanshiel until the first World War but
now those survive principally along the Whiteadder at Abbey St.
Bathans,where there is a series of fine woods with Hyacinthoides, Carex
remota, Corydalis, Gymnocarpium dryopteris and Phegopteris connectilts,
sometimes with fine juniper. Where these woods approach the river
there is Prunus padus; and also a well developed alder wood found
elsewhere only at Hoprigshiels. In a more open wood at Gateheugh on
the Tweed, Sorbus rupicola and Melica nutans just survive. In upland
situations the deans have much birch and rowan but good examples are
8
rare and the best is at Langtonleescleuch where there is Rubus saxatilis;
and where Crepis mollis may yet survive unlike in its former stations in
the Leader valley where it is perhaps extinct. At Airhouse Wood, alone,
a sizeable remnant birch wood hangs on along an open hillside with
Geranium sylvaticum and Rosa pimpinellifolia.
All these ancient woods are on steep banks and it is perhaps at the
Hirsel that long-established secondary woodland gives the best idea of
the woodland flora on a more varied terrain; for example at Birgham
Wood, on former moorland, there is abundant Fragaria vesca and frequent
Pyrola minor under oak and Cirsium helenoides under willow and birch.
Native Scots pine woods were extinct in the Borders before 1700 but
pine has been extensively replanted especially at Mellerstain and here
Corydalis has prospered. Some recolonisation by Goodyera and Linnaea
formerly occurred, from which one colony of Linnaea yet survives.
Riverside
The Tweed as the principal river is bounded by dynamic communities
where aliens such as Heracleum mantegazzianum, Impatiens glandulifera,
Symphytum uplandicum and Allium paradoxum have prospered. Less
aggressive introductions are Butomus umbellatus, Acorus calamus and
Lysimachia vulgaris. Carex acuta and Glyceria maxima are present as
natives. The aquatic flora remains varied with both Potamogeton lucens
and P. perfoliatus plentiful in the lower ‘Tweed. ‘The steep banks support
Dipsacus fullonum and at least two colonies of Lactuca virosa survive.
Cerastium arvense and Galium boreale occur rarely, on rocks, with Ballota
nigra on sandstone well above the river, and Parietaria on walls.
The principal tributary is the Whiteadder whose lower regions lie in
a deep, narrow valley where the river swings to and fro with wooded
scaurs on one bank and open haughs on the other, backed by grassy
braes with much scrub. By the river Scrophularia umbrosa is at its most
frequent and there is Oenanthe crocata, Scirpus sylvaticus and Schoenoplectus
lacustris with Tanacetum vulgare and Geranium pratense above. On the
braes, Helianthemum and Onomis are plentiful and here are found Malva
moschata, M. neglecta and Carduus tenuiflorus. The scaurs are typified
by Vicia sylvatica and Origanum vulgare but Echium vulgare and Lathyrus
sylvestris are also present. Scabiosa columbaria is found in one side-dean.
Allium scorodoprasum has one station on the English Border. The rich
communities of the Whiteadder haughs between Allanton and Paxton,
of which the best is Tibbie Fowler’s Glen, have diminished, losing the
Trifolium fragiferum and Blysmus compressus formerly present.
‘The Blackadder is a tributary in turn and, although the upper reaches
have an upland character, Berula erectais plentiful and Blysmus compressus
is present locally. The Leet Water which drains the Merse is a lazy
9
lowland river with Carex riparia and C. acutiformis on its banks and in
ox-bows. The Leader Water is a gravelly river tending to flood and
Lepidium heterophyllum is a feature of its gravels.
Grassland
Away from the river grasslands, interest is concentrated on volcanic
craigs. Hume has much Saxifraga granulata with Vicia lathyroides and
Myosotis ramosissima with the two Cerastiums, C. diffusum and
C. semidecandrum. Hareheugh Craigs support Viola lutea, Dianthus
deltoides, Scleranthus annuus and Carex muricata. Away from the craigs,
rich old grassland is rare in lowland Berwickshire; for example there are
just a few colonies of Viola lutea, only one of which, near Corsbie, is
associated with Botrychium lunaria. Coldingham Moor was formerly an
area of a rich variety of grassland and heath but it is much reduced and,
although Filago vulgaris and F. minima remain on dry knowes, species
such as Gentianella campestris, Gymnademia conopsea and Coeloglossum
viride are lost or nearly so.
‘The undulating ground of the Merse proper, between Coldstream and
Chirnside, was also an interesting mixture of communities with a few
northern plants mingling with a notable collection of southern ones.
Galium boreale and Trollius europaeus grew with Silaum silaus, Cerastium
arvense and Genista tinctoria. Filipendula vulgaris, Senecio erucifolius,
Pulicaria dysenterica and Equisetum hyemale were also present. Apium
nodiflorum and Berula erecta were found in the burns. Now, Galium boreale
and Silaum silaus just survive, incongruous at the edge of wheat fields,
with a little Berula erecta in the burns; but the other species are believed
lost. By the Crook Burn alone, a representative northern hay meadow
remains, with much Tvollius and Cirsium helenoides.
Wetland
Coldingham Loch is the only natural water body of significance with
Nuphar lutea and a variety of linear-leaved Potamogeton species, amongst
which the current status of P. filiformis is in doubt. The Hen Poo at Duns
Castle is a flooded mire with a rich flora including long-established
introductions and is the principal locality for Ranunculus lingua.
‘The range of mosses is much more restricted than in Roxburghshire
and Selkirkshire. Long Moss on Coldingham Common has Vaccinium
oxycoccos; Trentalis is also found nearby on Drone Moss. Former
wetland habitats nearby on Coldingham and Lamberton moors, with
their strikingly oceanic climates, were stations for Osmunda, Trollius,
Drosera anglica, Apium nodiflorum, Epipactis palustris and Schoenus
nigricans, but these species are now lost or nearly so.
Dogden Moss on Greenlaw Moor is a fine example of a raised bog
10
with typical species, while Gordon Moss has a fascinating history as a
remnant of a much larger wetland. Carex paniculata and Dryopteris
carthusiana are still abundant in birch wood there while Platanthera bifolia,
Corydalis and Catabrosa aquatica are still plentiful; however, there is a
frightening list of extinctions and near-extinctions. Everett Moss has
Cicuta while Longmuir Moss in the Lammermuirs is the only station for
Carex diandra. Bemersyde Moss has Bidens cernua and Sanguisorba
officinalis. Mire Loch at St. Abb’s Head still has Berula erecta but Baldellia
and Apium inundatum perished when the mire was flooded. Corallorhiza
trifida is a feature of several of the Berwickshire mosses. The mires of
the Merse are either completely lost or sadly degraded, though some
interest remains at Lithtillum Loch.
Moorland
Much of the moorland of the Lammermuirs is almost pure Calluna with
Erica cinerea locally dominant while, of the clubmosses formerly frequent,
only a little Lycopodium clavatum now remains. Genista anglica is also
localised, though still present on Dirrington Law where it was formerly
accompanied by Arctostaphylos and Pyrola media in an interesting
community probably more widespread before it was eliminated by
grazing. Not far away Saxifraga hirculus and Leuchorchis albida have long
been lost although Vicza orobus still flourishes up the Dye Water and
Parnassia is still plentiful in base-rich flushes north of Greenlaw Kaims.
A characteristic community of the Lammermuirs is a bryophyte-rich
flush where Sedum villosum flourishes. Cryptogramma crispa 1s,
surprisingly, extinct at several former localities but survives in screes on
the Black Hill at Earlston. Gymnocarpion dryopteris has fared better in
small screes up the Lammermuir burns in just a few of which juniper
is still plentiful. Rather rarely up these burns base-rich flushes occur,
characterised by Carex dioica and Eleocharis quinqueflora with Parnassia,
Pinguicula and Selaginella. The Lammermuirs are not high enough for
summit vegetation but, amongst the Empetrum and Vaccinium vitis-idaea
on Meikle Says Law, Rubus chamaemorus occurs, with Listera cordata in
the Sphagnum. Not all the Lammermuirs are heather and locally there
are banks of Helianthemum with Thymus and Festuca tenuifolia.
Arable Land
Many arable weeds have become rare or extinct. Scandix outlived
Centaurea cyanus, while Chrysanthemum segetum survives near Eyemouth
and north of Kelso. Fumaria micrantha, Stachys arvensis, and Lamium
hybridum occur in a few sandy fields near the coast and by the lower
Tweed. Anagallis arvensis is widespread but scarce and Mentha arvensis
is now very rare. On the other hand Matricaria recutita may be increasing.
11
Lamium moluccellifolium is widely distributed but scarce while the
colourful Galeopsis speciosa and Fumaria muralis are often plentiful, even
in peaty upland soil.
Ruderal Land
With Berwick-upon-Tweed outwith the county the open habitats of
industrial wasteland, rubbish tips, railways and major road verges are
localised and although a number of species have become naturalised
there they remain little in evidence. Nevertheless railway yards have
Senecio squalidus on the ballast and Ceterach on the walls while the A68
has patches of Hordeum jubatum on the verges and the swathes of
Taraxacum along the Al conceal introduced microspecies.
Roadsides remain largely natural with Ranunculus ficaria succeeded
by Anthriscus sylvestris, Heracleum spondylium and Leontodon autumnalis
but a number of the striking introductions of the riverside are found here
also, but more sparsely, together with Pentaglottis sempervirens, Cicerbita
macrophylla and, on mown verges, Veronica filiformis. A startling innovation
of the 1980’s are roadsides yellow with oil-seed rape, Brassica napus,
where the tiny seeds are spilt at harvest.
12
STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF
FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS
Present (Formerly (Casual Total
Native to Berwickshire
Species 619
Subspecies 10
Microspecies 93
Hybrids 2M
743
* Introduced and naturalised
Species 103
Subspecies
Microspecies
Hybrids
* Introduced but usually found
planted or as garden escapes
poorly naturalised
Species
Hybrids
* Introduced casual only
Species
Total 946
present)
88
3
3
4
98
18
18
124
81
81
Genera taken to have microspecies are Rubus, Alchemilla,
Mieracium and Taraxacum.
only)
36
31
leylisrt
Euphrasia,
Of the 707 full species thought to have been native, and to have
survived to 1830, 88 are thought subsequently to have become extinct.
However 103 full species have been introduced intentionally or
accidentally by man, some of these long before 1830, and have become
naturalised. 722 full species are thus considered to be present in
established wild populations in 1990.
13
‘The 88 native species thought to have been lost were last recorded and
the 103 that have become naturalised were first recorded in the decades
beginning as follows:
Last First Last First
record record record record
to 1830 8 36 1910 16 2
1840 2 3 1920 1 0)
1850 i 2 1930 D; 3
1860 3 1 1940 1 4
1870 3 D) 1950 5 10
1880 9 2 1960 9 i)
1890 7 3 1970 4 1
1900 doniltre m2 1980 = elon
50 Sl 38 52
Despite the uneven history of botanical recording it is clear that there
has been a rather steady rate of loss of native species between 1830 and
1990. The dates of the introductions are more obviously biased by the
dates of high recording effort but the underlying trend is perhaps of an
increasing rate of introduction.
‘The habitats from which the 88 native species are thought to have been
lost and to which the 103 that have become naturalised have come are
Losses Gains Comment
The Coast fe) i little change
Woodland 4 26 deliberate introduction
Riverside 2 20 dynamic communities
Grassland ON 8 loss of habitat
Wetland 28 2 degradation of habitat
Moorland 6 1 muirburn and drainage
Arable Land 16 3} clean seed and sprays
Ruderal Land 4 36 dynamic communities
ABAN, AOSE
14
CHECK-LIST OF FLOWERING
PLANTS AND FERNS
PTERIDOPHYTA
(Ferns and Fern-Allies)
LYCOPODIACEAE
(Huperzia Selago FIR CLUBMOSS. Perhaps now only a rare casual.
Earlston, ? Black Hill, 1960).
Lycopodium clavatum STAG’S-HORN CLUBMOSS. Nowvery scarce,
mainly moorland. Duns Castle 1979.
(Diphasiastrum alpinum ALPINE CLUBMOSS. Perhaps now only a
rare casual. Soutra 1990, Black Hill 1977, Dye Cottage,
Wrunklaw 1956).
SELAGINELLACEAE
Selaginellaselaginoides LESSER CLUBMOSS. Small colonies, Greenlaw
Moor, Clints Hill, Stot Cleugh, Watch Water, Dowlaw
Dean.
EQUISETACEAE
(Equisetum hyemale DUTCH RUSH. Considered extinct. Burnmouth
1886, Lamberton Moor to 1836)
E. fluviatile WATER HORSETAIL. Widespread and locally abundant.
E. palustre MARSH HORSETAIL. Common.
E. sylvaticum WOOD HORSETAIL. Local and scarce. Woods and
moorland. Abbey St. Bathans, Longformacus.
E. arvense FIELD HORSETAIL. Common, but seldom abundant.
E. arvense x fluviatile (= E. x litorale) Gordon Moss 1988, St. Abbs Head
1979:
E. telmateia GREAT HORSETAIL. Wet places on the sea braes and in
adjacent deans.
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
Botrychium lunaria MOONWORT. Now rare. Corsbie 1987, Gordon
Moss 1971.
Ophioglossum vulgatum ADDERS-TONGUE. Rare, most observable
in the first week of June. Millknowe Burn 1988, (Silverwells
1956).
OSMUNDACEAE
(Osmundaregalis ROYAL FERN. Considered extinct. Flass Wood 1885,
Coldingham Moor 1871).
1
ADIANTACEAE
Cryptogramma crispa PARSLEY FERN. Black Hill, on a wall at The
Bield, (Chester Hill, Lauder 1902, Abbey St. Bathans 1853).
HYPOLEPIDACEAE
Pteridium aquilinum BRACKEN. Common and locally dominant.
Broadly suggesting the sites of ancient oakwoods.
THELYPTERIDACEAE
Oreopteris limbosperma (= Thelypteris oreopteris) LEMON-SCENTED
FERN. Widespread on moorland banks.
Phegopteris connectilis (= Thelypteris phegopteris) BEECH
FERN. Langtonlees Cleugh, Eller Burn, Cockburn Law.
ASPLENIACEAE
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum BLACK SPLEENWORT. Scarce and
mainly coastal on rocks. Widespread on walls. Such material
as has been studied has been ssp. guadrivalens.
A. marinum SEA SPLEENWORT. A number of small coastal colonies,
(formerly on rocks by the Tweed 10 km from the sea.
Ladykirk 1838).
A. trichomanes ssp. quadrivalens MAIDENHAIR SPLEENWORT.
Common, especially on walls.
A. ruta-muraria WALL-RUE. Common, especially on walls.
* Ceterach officinarum RUSTYBACK. Several colonies on walls from
1881. Ayton, Smiddyhill Bridge.
Phyllitis scolopendrium HART’S-TONGUE. Lowland deans and policy
stonework.
ATHYRIACEAE
Athyrium filix-femina LADY-FERN. Common.
Cystopteris fragilis BRITTLE BLADDER-FERN. Occasional on rocks
and walls.
((C. dickieana DICKIE’°S BLADDER-FERN. “C. fragilis” in cave at St.
Abbs Head 1836, could possibly have been this)).
ASPIDIACEAE
Dryopteris filix-mas COMMON MALE-FERN. Common.
D. affinis (= D. borreri) SCALY MALE-FERN. Common.
((D. oreades (= D. abbreviata) MOUNTAIN MALE-FERN. Norecord.
May occur on screes in the higher hills)).
D. dilatata BROAD BUCKLER-FERN. Common.
D. carthusiana NARROW BUCKLER-FERN. Gordon Moss, plentiful.
In a few other mosses and moorland flushes.
D. dilatata x carthusiana (= D. x deweveri). Gordon Moss, Duns Castle
1979.
16
Polystichum setiferum SOFT SHIELD-FERN. Very local. Pease Dean,
Tower Dean, Ale Mill, also introduced in policy woodland.
P. aculeatum HARD SHIELD-FERN. Widespread. Deans, cleuchs and
rocky riversides. An indicator of ancient woodland.
Gymnocarpium dryopteris OAK FERN. Local and scarce. Scaurs and
screes in moorland. Lumsdaine Dean.
BLECHNACEAE
Blechnum spicant HARD FERN. Locally common.
POLYPODIACEAE
Polypodium vulgare POLYPODY. Frequent. Recorded segregates are:
P. vulgare COMMON POLYPODY. Frequent.
P.interjectum WESTERN POLYPODY. Gateheugh, Pease Dean.
P. vulgare x interjectum (=P. x mantoniae). Howpark Burn 1960.
SPERMATOPHYTA
GYMNOSPERMAE
(Conifers)
Only a selection of the planted introductions have been chosen.
PINACEAE
Abies grandis GRAND FIR. Planted only. Occasional. Seedlings occasional.
A. procera NOBLE FIR. Planted only. Occasional. Seedlings occasional.
Pseudotsuga menziesii DOUGLAS FIR. Planted only. Occasional.
Picea abies NORWAY SPRUCE. Planted plentifully. Regeneration
occasional.
P. sitchensis SITKA SPRUCE. Planted abundantly. Regeneration
occasional.
Tsuga heterophylla WESTERN HEMLOCK. Planted only. Occasional.
Larix decidua EUROPEAN LARCH. Planted frequently. Regeneration
frequent.
L.kaempferi JAPANESELARCH. Planted frequently. Regeneration status
unknown.
L. decidua x kaempferi (= L. x eurolepis) HYBRID LARCH. Planted only.
Frequent.
Pinus sylvestris SCOTS PINE. Extinct for several centuries as a native.
Planted plentifully. Naturalised in several places on peat or
light soils. Greenlaw Moor, Corsbie Bog.
P. contorta LODGEPOLE PINE. Planted occasionally. Regeneration
occasional.
17
CUPRESSACEAE
* Thuja plicata WESTERN RED-CEDAR. Planted only. Occasional.
Juniperus communis ssp. communis JUNIPER. Local and declining
with only a few good colonies. Aikyside Wood, Blythe Water,
Whalplaw Burn, Airhouse Wood, Gateheugh.
TAXACEAE
* Taxus baccata YEW. Planted in small quantity in policy woodlands.
ANGIOSPERMAE
(Flowering Plants)
DICOTYLEDONES
RANUNCULACEAE
Caltha palustris MARSH-MARIGOLD. Frequent, but rarely abundant.
Trollius europaeus GLOBEFLOWER. Rare, formerly local. A fine colony
at East Crook Burn, near Lauder Hill, Lumsdaine.
* Helleborus foetidus STINKING HELLEBORE. Well established at
Gateheugh. First recorded 1973.
* H. viridis GREEN HELLEBORE. Planted rarely in policy woodland.
* Eranthis hyemalis WINTER ACONITE. Very locally established in
policy woodland.
* Aconitum napellus MONK’S HOOD. Garden escape, becoming
established in policy woodland. Other taxa may be involved.
* (Actaeaerythrocarpa BANEBERRY GENUS. Casual. Gavinton 1965).
* Anemone nemorosa WOOD ANEMONE. | Locally abundantin woodland
and on moorland.
* (A. apennina BLUE ANEMONE. Casual. Lennel 1965).
* Clematis vitalba TRAVELLER’S-JOY. Established in a few sites. Fleurs
farm 1960, Old Linthill 1978.
Ranunculus acris MEADOW BUTTERCUP. Very common.
R. repens CREEPING BUTTERCUP. Very common.
R. bulbosus BULBOUS BUTTERCUP. Now local. In old grassland on
the better soils.
(R. arvensis CORN BUTTERCUP. Once locally common, now extinct
except as a rare casual. Whitchester 1966).
(R. sardous HAIRY BUTTERCUP. Rare cornfield weed to 1874).
R. auricomus GOLDILOCKS BUTTERCUP. Very locally frequent,
usually in woods. Penmanshiel, Paxton, Abbey St. Bathans,
Langton, Hareheugh Craigs, Airhouse Wood.
R. lingua GREATER SPEARWORT. Bemersyde Moss 1978, Gordon
Moss 1976, * Hen Poo.
R. flammula ssp. flammula LESSER SPEARWORT. Common,
especially upland.
18
R. sceleratus CELERY-LEAVED BUTTERCUP. Uncommon. Pickie
Moss 1985, Bemersyde Moss 1978, Manderston 1967,
Nenthorn 1964.
R. hederaceus IVY-LEAVED CROWFOOT. Occasional, mainly upland.
R. aquatilis WATER-CROWFOOT. The following segregates are
recorded (See also Addendum page 68):
R. fluitans RIVER WATER-CROWFOOT. ‘Tweed, Whiteadder,
Blackadder. The early records include R. pencillatus.
R. circinatus FAN-LEAVED WATER-CROWFOOT. Occasional
in the upper Blackadder.
R. circinatus x fluitans. Occasional in the upper Blackadder.
R. trichophyllus THREAD-LEAVED WATER-CROWFOOT.
Scattered. Dowlaw Pond, Greenlaw Dean, Cranshaws Pond,
Kelmscott.
R. aquatilis COMMON WATER-CROWFOOT. Scattered. Ponds
and ditches. Lurgie Loch 1965, Hule Moss 1959. R. peltatus
was previously considered a variety and has not always been
distinguished.
R. peltatus POND WATER-CROWFOOT. Scattered. Ponds and
ditches. Old Cambus 1981, Legerwood Pond 1961,
Coldingham 1916.
R. penicillatus (= R. pseudofluitans) STREAM WATER-
CROWFOOT. Common in the Tweed, also Whiteadder,
Blackadder. The variety present has recently been named
var. pseudofluitans (= var. calcareus).
R. ficaria LESSER CELANDINE. ‘Two subspecies occur:
R. ficaria ssp. ficaria. Common.
R. ficaria ssp. bulbifer. Distribution unknown.
(Aquilegia vulgaris COLUMBINE. Occasional garden escape, casual).
(Thalictrum flavum COMMON MEADOW-RUE. Considered extinct.
Netherbyres to 1853. Dunglass Dean to 1886).
T. minus ssp. minus (incl. ssp. arenarium) LESSER MEADOW-RUE. In
a few places on the coast, junction of Eye and Ale Waters,
Gateheugh.
(T. lucidum. Casual. Whiteadder at Edrington 1979).
BERBERIDACEAE
Berberis vulgaris BARBERRY. Planted in hedges.
Mahonia aquifolium OREGON-GRAPE. Occasional in policy woodlands.
NYMPHAEACEAE
Nymphaea alba WHITE WATER-LILY. Manderston 1964.
Nuphar lutea YELLOW WATER-LILY. Coldingham Loch,
*Spottiswoode Loch 1987, *Hen Poo 1990.
19
CERATOPHYLLACEAE
* Ceratophyllum demersum RIGID HORNWORT. Hirsel Lake 1981,
Newton Quarry.
PAPAVERACEAE
Papaver rhoeas COMMON POPPY. Occasional.
P. dubium LONG-HEADED POPPY. Frequent.
* P. lecogii YELLOW-JUICED POPPY. Garden weed, Chirnside House
1986.
(P.argemone PRICKLY POPPY. Rare casual, formerly local. Gunsgreen
1960).
* P. somniferum OPIUM POPPY. Occasional garden escape.
* Meconopsis cambrica WELSH POPPY. Occasionally established in
woodland.
Glaucium flavum YELLOW HORNED-POPPY. Reed Point, Lumsdaine
Shore, (Linkim Shore 1974 and formerly elsewhere on
coast). Noted by William Crow in 1740.
* (Chelidonium majus GREATER CELANDINE. Now a rare casual).
FUMARIACEAE
Corydalis claviculata CLIMBING CORYDALIS. Locally plentiful.
Mellerstain, Gordon Moss, Edingtonhill, Penmanshiel,
Shannabank.
ae capreolata WHITE RAMPING-FUMITORY. The old
records may all refer to F. muralis)).
((F. purpurea PURPLE RAMPING-FUMITORY. No record. Possibly
overlooked. Occurs in adjacent counties) ).
F. muralis ssp. boraei COMMON RAMPING-FUMITORY. Common.
F. densiflora (= F. micrantha) DENSE-FLOWERED FUMITORY. Very
local and scarce. Fishwick Mains 1987, Lamberton 1985,
Hutton Castle 1983, Haigsfield 1979.
F. officinalis COMMON FUMITORY. ‘Two subspecies occur:
F. officinalis ssp. officinalis. Common.
F. officinalis ssp. wirtgenii. Local. Light soils near base-rich rock
outcrops.
CRUCIFERAE
* Brassica oleracea WILD CABBAGE. Colony established on cliff at
Ramsheugh 1981.
* B.napus RAPE. Oil-seed rape is now common along roads where crop is
spilt. ssp. oleifera. Other ssp. are rare.
* B.rapa WILD TURNIP. There are wild colonies on banks by the Tweed.
Paxton 1984.
(B. nigra BLACK MUSTARD. A former weed. Last record 1902).
Sinapis arvensis CHARLOCK. Common.
20
S. alba WHITE MUSTARD. Rare as a weed, Northfield 1982, but now
occasionally sown as pheasant cover, Lochton 1989.
Raphanus raphanistrum WILD RADISH. Widespread. Usually yellow
flowered.
(Crambe maritima SEA-KALE. Considered extinct. Shore by Fast Castle
to 1836).
Cakile maritima SEA ROCKET. Occasional on the coast. Pease Bay.
Coldingham Bay.
(Lepidium campestre FIELD PEPPERWORT. A few records to 1902).
L. heterophyllum SMITH’S PEPPERWORT. Plentiful on gravels of the
Leader Water.
(Coronopus squamatus SWINE-CRESS. Locally common to 1916).
* (C. didymus LESSER SWINE-CRESS. Casual. Burnmouth 1936).
* (Cardaria draba HOARY CRESS. Casual. Manderston 1892).
* (Iberisamara WILD CANDYTUFT. Former introduction. Penmanshiel
railway 1881. Tweedside near Coldstream 1834-1845).
Thlaspi arvense FIELD PENNY-CRESS. Widespread and very
occasionally plentiful.
((Teesdalia nudicaulis SHEPHERD’S CRESS. No certain record.
Considered absent) ).
Capsella bursa-pastoris SHEPHERD’S PURSE. Common.
Cochlearia officinalis COMMON SCURVYGRASS. Common along
the coast.
C. danica DANISH SCURVYGRASS. Occasional on rocky shores.
Lamberton.
* Lunaria annua HONESTY. May become a weed in the garden but
seldom escapes far.
* Draba muralis WALL WHITLOWGRASS. Garden weed, Chapel-on-
Leader 1963.
Erophila verna COMMON WHITLOWGRASS. Common.
* Armoracia rusticana HORSE-RADISH. A rare garden escape. Persists
but does not spread.
Cardamine pratensis CUCKOOFLOWER. Widespread and locally
abundant. A useful indicator of unimproved grassland. A
double flowered form may be induced by a gall, Fans 1987.
C. amara LARGE BITTER-CRESS. Typical of alderwoods, in deans
and by the Whiteadder.
C. flexuosa WAVY BITTER-CRESS. Common.
C. hirsuta HAIRY BITTER-CRESS. Common. Gardens and waste places.
Barbarea vulgaris WINTER-CRESS. Widespread. Especially on river
shingle.
* B. intermedia MEDIUM FLOWERED WINTER-CRESS. Occasional.
Similar places to the above. St. Thomas’s Island 1987.
* (B. verna AMERICAN WINTER-CRESS. Former rare casual. Last
record 1922).
Zi)
x Arabis caucasica GARDEN ARABIS. Garden escape on walls.
A. hirsuta HAIRY ROCK-CRESS._ Very local, base-rich rocks. Gateheugh.
Nasturtium officinale (= Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum) WATER
CRESS. Inadequately recorded, but apparently scarce
though NTH Holmes recorded this as frequent, Whiteadder,
Blackadder and Leet Water.
N. microphyllum NARROW-FRUITED WATER-CRESS. Common.
N. microphyllum x officinale. A few records.
Rorippa sylvestris CREEPING YELLOW-CRESS. Frequent by the
Tweed and by ponds.
R. palustris MARSH YELLOW-CRESS. Frequent by the Tweed and by
ponds.
((R. islandica. records refer to R. palustris)).
* Hesperis matronalis DAME’S-VIOLET. Widespread, especially woods
near rivers. First record 1831.
* (Erysimum cheiranthoides TREACLE MUSTARD. A rare casual to
1931).
* Cheiranthus cheiri WALLFLOWER. Dryburgh 1987. (Formerly on
walls at Edrington, Hume).
Alliaria petiolata GARLIC MUSTARD. Common.
Sisymbrium officinale HEDGE MUSTARD. Widespread.
* (S. orientale EASTERN ROCKET. Rare Casual. Lighthouse garden St.
Abbs Head 1981, two other records).
Arabidopsis thaliana THALE CRESS. Gardens, waste places, rocky
places. Gateheugh.
* (Camelina sativa GOLD-OF-PLEASURE. A rare casual to 1931).
(Descurainia sophia FLIXWEED. Rare casual. Cheeklaw House 1961,
Duns 1953. Formerly occasional near the coast).
RESEDACEAE
Reseda luteola WELD. Very local. Whiteadder banks, Tweed banks,
Eyemouth.
* (R. lutea WILD MIGNONETTE. Rare casual. Chirnside 1962-68).
VIOLACEAE
* Viola odorata SWEET VIOLET. Policies and hedges. Long-established.
V. hirta HAIRY VIOLET. Very local. Burnmouth, Lamberton, Ale
Water, Gateheugh.
V. riviniana COMMON DOG-VIOLET. Common.
V. canina HEATH DOG-VIOLET. St. Abbs Head 1986.
V. palustris MARSH VIOLET. Common in the hills.
V. lutea MOUNTAIN PANSY. Very local, but some fine colonies.
Lauder Common, Gordon, Hume Craigs, Greenlaw Kaims,
Coldingham Loch. The purple-flowered form, frequent in
Roxburghshire, is not recorded.
22
V. tricolor ssp. tricolor WILD PANSY. Scattered but uncommon. Birgham
Wood 1985.
V. arvensis FIELD PANSY. Common.
POLYGALACEAE
Polygala vulgaris COMMON MILKWORT. Local. Lumsdaine Shore,
Burnmouth, West Foulden.
P. serpyllifolia HEATH MILKWORT. Frequent in heathland.
HYPERICACEAE
Hypericum androsaemum TUTSAN. Woodland edges by the Tweed.
Long-established.
H. calycinum ROSE-OF-SHARON. Dunglass Dean 1878, 1956. Not
well established.
H. perforatum PERFORATE ST. JOHN’S-WORT. Frequent.
H. maculatum ssp. obtusiusculum IMPERFORATEST.JOHN’S-WORT.
Earlston 1926, Newton Don 1938. Considered overlooked
since.
H. perforatum x maculatum (= H. x desetangsii). Paxton 1984.
H. tetrapterum SQUARE-STALKED ST. JOHN’S-WORT. Widespread.
H. humifusum TRAILING ST. JOHN’S-WORT. Now rare, usually
casual on tracks and uncultivated arable land. Six records
1952-1989.
H. pulchrum SLENDER ST. JOHN’S-WORT. Widespread, especially
in the hills.
H. hirsutum HAIRY ST. JOHN’S-WORT. On dry banks in and about
lowland woods. An indicator of species-rich scrub.
CISTACEAE
Helianthemum nummularium (= H. chamaecistus) COMMON ROCK-
ROSE. Widespread. Some fine colonies as Whalplaw
Burn, Greenlaw Dean, St. Abbs Head and elsewhere on the
coast.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Silene dioica RED CAMPION. Common. Abundant in places on the
coast and in woods facing south to the Tweed.
S. alba WHITE CAMPION. Common.
S. alba x dioica. Frequent.
(S. noctiflora NIGHT-FLOWERING CATCHFLY. Considered extinct.
Arable weed to 1971).
S. vulgaris BLADDER CAMPION. Scattered in the lowlands.
S. maritima SEA CAMPION. Frequent along the coast. St. Abbs Head,
Linkim Shore.
Lychnis flos-cuculi RAGGED-ROBIN. Widespread. Plentiful in the
mosses.
23
(Agrostemma githago CORNCOCKLE. Considered extinct. “A showy
but noxious weed” 1853. Last record 1902).
Dianthus deltoides MAIDEN PINK. The few modest colonies together
with those of Roxburghshire comprise about a sixth of the
British population. Blinkbonny near Nenthorn, Hareheugh
Craigs, Hume Mill, Stichill, Lumsdaine Shore.
(Saponaria officinalis SOAPWORT. Rare casual. Coldstream 1961).
Cerastium arvense FIELD MOUSE-EAR. Limestone opposite Carham.
Fishwick Mains. Formerly widespread.
C. tomentosum SNOW-IN-SUMMER. Roadside walls near gardens.
First record 1957.
C. fontanum ssp. glabrescens (= C. holosteoides) COMMON MOUSE-
EAR. Common.
C. glomeratum STICKY MOUSE-EAR. Common. Tolerates reseeded
grassland.
C. diffusum (= C. tetrandrum) SEA MOUSE-EAR. Common along the
coast, also on volcanic outcrops. Hume Craigs.
C. semidecandrum LITTLE MOUSE-EAR. Rare by the coast and on
volcanic outcrops. Near Millars Moss, Hume Craigs.
((Myosoton aquaticum WATER CHICKWEED. Three records all
probable or certain errors) ).
Stellaria nemorum WOOD STITCHWORT. In woods by the waters
edge, Tweed, Whiteadder. Typical of elm woods.
S. media COMMON CHICKWEED. Common.
S. pallida (= S. apetala) LESSER CHICKWEED. Greenheugh Point
1979}
((S. neglecta GREATER CHICKWEED. Inwood by shore, Coldingham
1956 correct?)).
S. holostea GREATER STITCHWORT. Frequent. Typical of oak woods.
S. palustris MARSH STITCHWORT. Approaching extinction. Gordon
Moss, Lurgie Loch.
S. graminea LESSER STITCHWORT. Common.
S. alsine BOG STITCHWORT. Frequent.
Sagina apetala ANNUAL PEARLWORT. ‘Two subspecies occur:
S. apetala ssp. apetala (= S. ciliata). St. Abbs Head 1987, Fancove
Head 1960.
S. apetala ssp. erecta (= S. apetala). Widespread but scarce.
(S. maritima SEA PEARLWORT. No record since St. Abbs 1896.
Perhaps overlooked).
S. procumbens PROCUMBENT PEARLWORT. Common.
(S. subulata HEATH PEARLWORT. Considered extinct. No record
since roadside near Dowlaw 1893).
S. nodosa KNOTTED PEARLWORT. Rare or overlooked. Greenlaw
Moor 1962, Dye Water 1964.
24
Minuartia verna SPRINGSANDWORT. St. Abbs Head, quite plentiful,
on west-facing cliffs.
Honkenya peploides SEA SANDWORT. Coastal, frequent.
Moehringia trinervia THREE-NERVED SANDWORT. Scarce in old
woodland.
Arenaria serpyllifolia THYME-LEAVED SANDWORT. Widespread
but scarce.
(A. leptoclados SLENDERSANDWORT. Norecentrecord but perhaps
overlooked. Dryburgh 1910, Duns 1907).
A. balearica MOSSY SANDWORT._ The Hirsel 1956, Cairnbank 1968.
Spergula arvensis CORN SPURREY. Common.
Spergularia rubra SAND SPURREY. Now very scarce. Bemersyde Hill
1973. Old Cambus quarry 1963.
S. media GREATER SEA-SPURREY. Coastal, rare. St. Abbs Head
1977.
S. marina LESSER SEA-SPURREY. Coastal, scarce. Reed Point 1984,
Coldingham Bay 1981.
Scleranthus annuus ANNUAL KNAWEL. On rocky outcrops, scarce.
Hume Craigs, Hareheugh Craigs, Dowlaw Dean.
PORTULACACEAE
Montia fontana BLINKS. ‘Three subspecies occur:
M. fontana ssp. fontana. Common.
M. fontana ssp. variabilis. Occasional, sandy tracks. Fans,
Hallyburton.
M. fontana ssp. chondrosperma. Hume Craigs.
M. perfoliata SPRING-BEAUTY. Coldingham Bay, Birgham. First record
1937.
M. sibirica PINK PURSLANE. Frequentand locally abundant in woodland,
accepting fairly dense conifers. First record 1936.
CHENOPODIACEAE
Chenopodium bonus-henricus GOOD-KING-HENRY. Wellscattered.
Long-established.
(C. polyspermum MANY-SEEDED GOOSEFOOT. Casual, Newton
Don 1873).
C. vulvaria STINKING GOOSEFOOT. Casual, Chirnside 1968-70).
C. album FAT-HEN. Common.
C. urbicum UPRIGHT GOOSEFOOT. Casual, The Hirsel 1831-33).
(C. rubrum RED GOOSEFOOT. Casual, Coldstream 1832).
C. glaucum OAK-LEAVED GOOSEFOOT. Casual, Chirnside 1961,
1968).
(Atriplex littoralis GRASS-LEAVED ORACHE. No record, perhaps
absent) ).
A. patula COMMON ORACHE. Common.
ZS)
(A. prostrata (= A. hastata) SPEAR-LEAVED ORACHE. No recent
records, but probably overlooked).
A. glabriuscula BABINGTON’S ORACHE. Frequent along the coast.
A. glabriuscula x longipes. Coldingham Bay 1977.
A. laciniata FROSTED ORACHE. St. Abbs Head 1977, Pease Bay 1979.
(A. hortensis GARDEN ORACHE. Casual near Broomhouse 1967).
(Salsola kali PRICKLY SALTWORT. Considered extinct. Lumsdaine
and Coldingham Shores 1836).
TILIACEAE
(Tilia platyphyllos LARGE-LEAVED LIME. Planted only, rare).
(T. cordata SMALL-LEAVED LIME. Planted only, rare).
T. cordata x platyphyllos (= T. x vulgaris) LIME. Planted only, frequent.
MALVACEAE
Malva moschata MUSK MALLOW. Scattered, scarce.
M. sylvestris COMMON MALLOW. Scattered, more frequent.
M. neglecta DWARF MALLOW. Local and very scarce. Hume Castle
1956. Pease Bay 1955, St. Abbs Head 1963.
(Lavatera arborea TREE-MALLOW. Casual, Coldingham Sands 1902).
LINACEAE
(Linum usitatissimum FLAX. Former casual).
L. catharticum FAIRY FLAX. Widespread and locally plentiful.
(Radiolalinoides ALLSEED. Considered extinct. Birgham Moor, Dowlaw
to 1916).
GERANIACEAE
Geranium pratense MEADOW CRANE’S-BILL. Frequent. A
conspicuous species in old grassland near the rivers. A pale-
flowered form is found by the Whiteadder.
G. sylvaticum WOOD CRANE’S-BILL. Rather local in woodland edges
in the hills. Langtonlees Cleugh, Longformacus, Abbey St.
Bathans.
(G. versicolor PENCILLED CRANE’S-BILL. Rare casual, Duns 1931).
(G. phaeum DUSKY CRANE’S-BILL. Rare casual. Longformacus 1956,
Duns 1953).
G. sanguineum BLOODY CRANE’S-BILL. Burnmouth (Gateheugh
1868).
G. pyrenaicum HEDGEROW CRANE’S-BILL. Scattered. Information
inadequate.
(G. columbinum LONG-STALKED CRANE’S-BILL. Considered
extinct. Penmanshiel 1839).
G. dissectum CUT-LEAVED CRANE’S-BILL. Widespread.
G. molle DOVE’S-FOOT CRANE’S-BILL. Common.
26
G. pusillum SMALL-FLOWERED CRANE’S-BILL. Rare. Hume Castle
1960, Ladykirk 1960. Mouth Bridge, Langton Burn 1949.
G. lucidum SHINING CRANE’S-BILL. On rocks, Gateheugh, Stichill.
On walls, Cockburnspath, Gordon, Greenlaw.
G. robertianum HERB-ROBERT. Common.
Erodium cicutarium COMMON STORR’S-BILL. Widespread, mainly
coastal. Pease Bay, mouth of Dunglass Burn. Occasional but
perhaps casual inland. ssp dunense is recorded at Pease Bay.
OXALIDACEAE
Oxalis acetosella WOOD-SORREL. Common. A survivor, at home in
plantations as well as ancient woodland. A fine pale pink
form in Pease Dean. The emblem of the Berwickshire
Naturalists Club.
* O. corniculata PROCUMBENT YELLOW-SORREL. Longformacus,
Duns, Swinton, Netherbyres but some of these records may
relate to other yellow-sorrels.
* O. exilis LEAST YELLOW-SORREL. Earlston 1987, Longformacus
1989.
BALSAMINACEAE
* Impatiens glandulifera HIMALAYAN BALSAM. Locally plentiful.
Whiteadder, Tweed, Redheugh Dean. First recorded 1936.
ACERACEAE
* Acer pseudoplatanus SYCAMORE. Common. Invades former elm
woods as at Pease Dean. Long-established.
* A. platanoides NORWAY MAPLE. Planted. Rarely naturalised in policy
woodlands.
* A. campestre FIELD MAPLE. Planted only. Occasional.
HIPPOCASTANACEAE
* Aesculus hippocastanum HORSE-CHESTNUT. Widely planted.
AQUIFOLIACEAE
Ilex aquifolium HOLLY. Widely planted. More local in deans as a native.
CELASTRACEAE
Euonymus europaeus SPINDLE. Rare. Gateheugh. Also planted in
policy woodland. Manderston. (Formerly by the Whiteadder
and Ale Waters, Lumsdaine Dean, Tower Dean, Pease
Dean).
BUXACEAE
* Buxus sempervirens BOX. Planted in policy woodland.
Di)
RHAMNACEAE
* (Rhamnus catharticus BUCKTHORN. Cockburnspath 1845).
LEGUMINOSAE
* (Lupinus arboreus TREE LUPIN. Casual. Coldingham 1957).
* Laburnum anagyroides LABURNUM. Widely planted, sometimes
naturalising.
(Genistatinctoria DYER’S GREENWEED. Considered extinct. Birgham
Wood to 1961).
G. anglica PETTY WHIN. Very scarce. Lightfield, Gordon Common,
Greenlaw Moor, Great Dirrington Law, Byrecleugh, Hogs
Law.
Ulex europaeus GORSE, WHIN. Common. Occasionally cut to a hedge.
U. gallii WESTERN GORSE. Rare. Not seen recently. Preston 1968,
Soutra 1960, Hardens Hill 1959. ((Dunside Hill 1956)).
Cytisus scoparius (= Sarothamnus scoparius) BROOM. Frequent.
Ononis repens COMMON RESTHARROW. Local. Coldingham Bay,
St. Abbs Head, Burnmouth, scaurs along the Whiteadder
and Tweed.
* (Medicago falcata ssp. sativa LUCERNE. Former casual to 1893).
M. lupulina BLACK MEDICK. Widespread.
* (M. minima SMALL MEDICK. Rare Wool-alien. Dryburgh 1946,
Cumledge 1868).
* (M. polymorpha TOOTHED MEDICK. Rare Wool-alien. Cumledge
1956).
* M.arabica SPOTTED MEDICK. Established in grassland near Birgham
1983. (Cumledge 1956).
* (Melilotus altissima TALL MELILOT. Rare casual to 1902, but some
records may belong to M. officinalis).
* (M. officinalis RIBBED MELILOT. Casual. Duns 1956, Cumledge 1962).
* (M. alba WHITE MELILOT. Rare casual. Coldingham 1956).
* (M. indica SMALL MELILOT. Rare, casual. Kelloe 1960).
Trifolium dubium LESSER TREFOIL. Common.
T. campestre HOP TREFOIL. Frequent.
* T. hybridum ALSIKE CLOVER. Sometimes sown. Also occasional in
waste places.
T. repens WHITE CLOVER. Very common.
(T. fragiferum STRAWBERRY CLOVER. Considered extinct. Edington
Mill 1914, Gunsgreen 1893, near Pease Bay 1853).
T. medium ZIGZAG CLOVER. Widespread but local in herb-rich
grassland.
T. arvense HARE’S-FOOT CLOVER. South of St. Abbs, plentiful.
Lumsdaine Shore, Cockburn Ford, scarce.
28
(T. scabrum ROUGH CLOVER. Considered extinct. Harelaw Craigs
casual 1960, Dunglass Dean 1916, Cockburnspath 1845).
T. striatum KNOTTED CLOVER. Very scarce. St. Abbs Head, Hume
Craigs, Hume Mill, Fishwick Mains.
(T. incarnatum CRIMSON CLOVER. Formerly occasionally grown as
a crop, 1916).
T. pratense RED CLOVER. Common, except in the hills.
Anthyllis vulneraria KIDNEY VETCH. Locally frequent along the coast.
Occasional on the banks of the Whiteadder. Rare elsewhere.
Lotus corniculatus COMMON BIRD’S-FOOT-TREFOIL. Common.
Typical of freely draining old grassland.
(L. tenuis NARROW-LEAVED BIRD’S-FOOT-TREFOIL. Near
Coldingham Loch 1836).
L. uliginosus GREATER BIRD’S-FOOT-TREFOIL. Frequent. Typical
of waterlogged old grassland.
Astragalus danicus PURPLE MILK-VETCH. St. Abbs Head and other
clifftop grassland.
A. glycyphyllos WILD LIQUORICE. Very rare. Junction of Eye and Ale
Waters 1978 (formerly on the coast and near Clarabad and
Whitehall).
(Ornithopus perpusillus BIRD’S-FOOT. Casual, Foulden 1931).
Vicia hirsuta HAIRY TARE. Widespread but not plentiful.
V.tetrasperma SMOOTH TARE. Newton Quarry 1981. Arguably native.
V. cracca TUFDED VERCH.” Frequent.
V.orobus WOOD BITTER-VETCH. Braes near Horseupcleuch (formerly
in several other places. Dronshiel 1952, Grantshouse 1931,
Byrecleugh 1929).
V.sylvatica WOOD VETCH. Very locally plentiful. Burnmouth, Dowlaw
Dean, braes by the Whiteadder in several places.
V. sepium BUSH VETCH. Common.
V. sativa COMMON VETCH. Three subspecies are now recognised:
* V.sativassp.sativa. Inadequate information. (Former crop, 1853).
* V. sativa ssp. segetalis (= V. angustifolia, in part). Inadequate
information. Probable casual.
V. sativa ssp. nigra (= V. angustifolia, in part) NARROW-LEAVED
VETCH. Widespread but scarce, most frequent on the
coast. Petticowick, Pease Bay. Coldingham Bay.
V. lathyroides SPRING VETCH. Very local in rocky places. St. Abbs
Head, Hume Craigs, Fishwick Mains, Pease Bay 1957.
Lathyrus pratensis MEADOW VETCHLING. Frequent.
L. sylvestris NARROW-LEAVED EVERLASTING-PEA. Cripple Nick
near Hutton Castle Mill. First recorded 1833. Considered
native.
L. montanus BITTER VETCH. Widespread, moorland and acid
woodland. Var. tenuifolius is occasionally found.
29
ROSACEAE
* Spiraea spp. BRIDEWORT. Planted in policies. The taxa involved have
not been studied, but are unlikely to be S. salicifolia, as
recorded.
(Filipendula vulgaris DROPWORT. Considered extinct. Belches Braes
near Coldstream, Broomhouse Ford to 1893).
F. ulmaria MEADOWSWEET. Common.
Rubus chamaemorus CLOUDBERRY. Rare. Ina few places at the head
of the Dye Water, Rotten Cleugh.
R. saxatilis STONE BRAMBLE. Very rare. Langtonlees Cleugh 1978.
Possibly at Godscroft 1983 (formerly in a few other deans).
R. idaeus RASPBERRY. Frequent.
R. caesius DEWBERRY. Several scattered records. Probably correct in
part but some confusion with microspecies of R. fraticosus is
probable also.
R. fruticosus BRAMBLE. Not very common except near the coast.
Records for the following microspecies are accepted in
Brambles of the British Isles, Edees and Newton 1988.
R. fissus R. septentrionalis
R. errabundus R. anisacanthos
* R. laciniatus, lst record 1973 __—iR.. drejeri
R. leptothyrsos R. infestus
R. amplificatus R. echinatoides
R. lindebergii R. radula
R. nemoralis R. dasyphyllus
R. polyanthemus R. latifolius
Potentilla palustris MARSH CINQUEFOIL. Widespread but local, e.g.
Redpath Moss, Gordon Moss, Hen Poo.
P. sterilis BARREN STRAWBERRY. Widespread.
P. anserina SILVERWEED. Widespread. Roadsides, wet places.
P. argentea HOARY CINQUEFOIL. Coldstream 1959. (Stichill Linn,
now VC 80 only).
x (P. recta SULPHUR CINQUEFOIL. Rare casual. Cleeckhimin,
Carfraemill 1960).
(P. tabernaemontani SPRING CINQUEFOIL. Considered extinct.
Netherbyres Mill 1866).
P. erecta TORMENTIL. Common.
(P. anglica TRAILING TORMENTIL. Considered extinct. Swinton,
Cockburnspath, Coldingham to 1916).
P. reptans CREEPING CINQUEFOIL. Widespread but fairly scarce.
Especially roadsides and railways.
Fragaria vesca WILD STRAWBERRY. Widespread and occasionally
abundant as at Birgham wood.
30
Geum urbanum WOOD AVENS. Widespread.
G. rivale WATER AVENS. Widespread.
G. rivale xX urbanum (= G. x intermedium). Occasional.
Agrimonia eupatoria AGRIMONY. Locally frequent. The Coast, banks
by the Tweed and Whiteadder.
((A. procera (= A. odorata) FRAGRANT AGRIMONY. No record.
Probably overlooked)).
Aremonia agrimonoides BASTARD AGRIMONY. Duns 1916-1956,
near White Hill Earlston 1969.
Alchemilla vulgaris LADY’S-MANTLE. ‘The following segregates are
recorded:
A. filicaulis ssp. vestita. In base-rich grassland, mainly upland.
A. xanthochlora. Widespread in the lowlands.
A. glabra. Widespread.
* A. glaucescens. On ballast in disused railway cutting, Chirnside
1982.
Aphanes arvensis PARSLEY-PIERT. Two segregates occur:
A. arvensis COMMON PARSLEY-PIERT. Widespread.
A. microcarpa SLENDER PARSLEY-PIERT. Rocky or sandy
places.
Sanguisorba officinalis GREAT BURNET. Bemersyde Moss (Lochton,
Birgham, Ale Mill).
S. minor ssp. minor (= Poterium sanguisorba) SALAD BURNET.
Burnmouth (near Coldingham Bay 1973, near Coldingham
Loch 1895, Ale Water 1868).
Acaena novae-zelandiae PIRRI-PIRRI-BUR. Gateheugh, The Hirsel,
Paxton (Duns 1954). Other taxa may be included. First
record 1911.
Rosaarvensis FIELD ROSE. Rare in hedges. Allanton, Leitholm, Eccles.
R. pimpinellifolia BURNET ROSE. Very scarce. Burnmouth,
Longformacus, Hareheugh Craigs, Airhouse Wood.
R. rugosa JAPANESE ROSE. Occasionally established on the coast. St.
Abbs Head. First record 1969.
R. canina (group) DOG ROSE. Newton Don, includes the following
taxa:
R. canina. Widespread. Segregates have not been studied.
R. caesia. Recorded. Segregates have not been studied.
R. tomentosa (group) DOWNY ROSE. Includes the following taxa:
R. sherardii. Mainly towards the coast.
R. mollis. Widespread.
R. rubiginosa SWEET-BRIAR. Occasional, mainly towards the coast.
Perhaps mainly as hybrids with R. tomentosa (group).
((R. micrantha SMALL-FLOWERED SWEET-BRIAR. Skinlaws Toll
between Greenknowe and Bassendean 1880. Correct?) ).
2
*
*
Prunus spinosa BLACKTHORN, SLOE. Widespread.
P. domestica WILD PLUM. Planted occasionally in hedges.
P. avium WILD CHERRY. Local in deans as a native. Planted more
widely.
P. cerasus DWARF CHERRY. Planted. Rare.
P. padus BIRD CHERRY. Local. Lumsdaine Dean, Grantshouse, Duns
Castle, Longformacus, Langtonlees Cleugh, Leader Water.
P. laurocerasus CHERRY LAUREL. Planted. Rare.
P. lusitanica PORTUGAL LAUREL. Planted. Rare.
Cotoneaster simonsii HIMALAYAN COTONEASTER. Occasionally
self-seeded. Gordon 1987.
C. horizontalis WALL COTONEASTER. Spottiswoode, 1987.
C.microphyllus SMALL-LEAVED COTONEASTER. Burnmouth, well
established. First record 1956.
Crataegus laevigata (= C. oxycanthoides) MIDLAND HAWTHORN.
Planted. Rare.
C. monogyna HAWTHORN. Common as a native and much planted.
Sorbus aucuparia ROWAN. Widespread as a native by burns and much
planted.
S. intermedia SWEDISH WHITEBEAM. Planted. St. Abbs Head.
S. aria COMMON WHITEBEAM. Planted. Occasional.
S. rupicola ROCK WHITEBEAM. Gateheugh, first recorded 1874.
Malus sylvestris CRAB APPLE, SCROGS. Frequent in hedges.
CRASSULACEAE
Sedum rosea ROSEROOT. North-facing coastal rocks. St. Abbs Head,
Westerside Dean, Dowlaw Dean.
S.telephium ORPINE. Hirsel Law, Birgham Wood, probably ssp. telephium.
Gateheugh, ssp. fabaria.
((S. anglicum ENGLISH STONECROP. No conclusive record.
Cockburnspath Parish 1845)).
S.album WHITESTONECROP. Occasional. St. Abbs Head, Burnmouth,
Coldingham, Gordon. First record 1902.
S.acre BITINGSTONECROP. Especially rocky outcrops. Hume Craigs,
St. Abbs Head, Dowlaw Dean.
(S. forsteranum ROCK STONECROP. Casual. Burnmouth 1897).
(S. reflexum REFLEXED STONECROP. Casual. Bassendean 1963).
S. villosum HAIRY STONECROP. Very locally frequent in the hills.
Soonhope Burn, Whalplaw Burn, Dye Water, Greenlaw
Moor.
* (Sempervivum tectorum HOUSELEEK. Formerly on roofs in villages.
Nisbet 1955).
32
SAXIFRAGACEAE
(Saxifraga hirculus MARSH SAXIFRAGE. Extinct. First found in
Scotland at Langtonlees Cleugh in 1832 by Rev. Thomas
Brown. Destroyed by drainage soon after 1886).
* S. spathularis x umbrosa LONDON PRIDE. Occasionally naturalised
in profusion. Longformacus. First record 1845.
* (S.cymbalaria CELANDINESAXIFRAGE. Garden weed. Manderston
1968).
S. granulata MEADOW SAXIFRAGE. Widespread with some fine
colonies. Rocky outcrops as Hume Craigs, St. Abbs Head.
Sea braes as Lamberton. Woodland as Langton, Rathburne.
A double-flowered form has been naturalised in woods at the
Hirsel at least since 1909 and is now widespread there.
Chrysosplenium oppositifolium OPPOSITE-LEAVED GOLDEN-
SAXIFRAGE. Widespread, from sea braes to high
moorland.
C. alternifolium ALTERNATE-LEAVED GOLDEN-SAXIFRAGE.
Frequent in deans and old woodland by rivers. Typical of elm
woods.
PARNASSIACEAE
Parnassia palustris GRASS-OF-PARNASSUS. Very local and decreasing.
Plentiful north of Greenlaw Kaims. Small colonies Greenlaw
Moor, Dye Water, Watch Water, Killmade Burn, Longmuir
Moss, Coldingham Common.
GROSSULARIACEAE
Ribes rubrum (= R. sylvestre) RED CURRANT. Occasional in deans.
R. nigrum BLACKCURRANT. Occasional in deans and mosses. Gordon
Moss.
* R. sanguineum FLOWERING CURRANT. Occasionally naturalised.
Langton woods 1963.
* R. alpinum MOUNTAIN CURRANT. Occasionally naturalised. Duns
Castle woods. The Hirsel.
R. uva-crispa GOOSEBERRY. Widespread in hedges and woodland.
DROSERACEAE
Drosera rotundifolia ROUND-LEAVED SUNDEW. Raised mosses and
smaller areas of peat, Dogden Moss, Gordon Moss, Jordanlaw
Moss, Long Moss.
(D. anglica GREAT SUNDEW. Penmanshiel Moss on Coldingham Moor
1828, never refound, habitat now destroyed).
LYTHRACEAE
Lythrum salicaria PURPLE-LOOSESTRIFE. Coast south of Burnmouth
1979. Gordon Moss (several C19 records).
33
L. portula (= Peplis portula) WATER-PURSLANE. Dowlaw Pond 1960.
Hen Poo 1958, Harelaw Craigs 1955. (several C19 records).
THYMELAEACEAE
* Daphne laureola SPURGE-LAUREL. Arguably native but long-
established on woodland banks. Banks of Eye at junction
with Ale Water, Edington Mill, Birgham, Norham Bridge,
Gledswood.
ELEAGNACEAE
* Hippophae rhamnoides SEA-BUCKTHORN. Planted on the coast.
Dunglass Burn, St. Abbs Head, Coldingham Bay, Pease Bay.
First record 1839.
ONAGRACEAE
Epilobium hirsutum GREAT WILLOWHERB. Widespread.
(E. hirsutum x parviflorum (= E. x intermedium). Dunglass Dean 1888).
E. parviflorum HOARY WILLOWHERB. Occasional.
E. montanum BROAD-LEAVED WILLOWHERB. Common.
* E. ciliatum (= E. adenocaulon) AMERICAN WILLOWHERB. Few
records but probably under-recorded. First record 1969.
* (E. tetragonum SQUARE-STALKED WILLOWHERB. Broomhouse
1959. A few other records but the identity of at least some
records are uncertain).
E. obscurum SHORT-FRUITED WILLOWHERB. Frequent.
E. palustre MARSH WILLOWHERB. Widespread.
* E. brunnescens (= E. nerterioides) NEW ZEALAND WILLOWHERB.
First found 1958 by the Dye Water. Widespread by hill burns
but perhaps now decreasing.
Chamerion angustifolium (= Chamaenerion angustifoltum) ROSEBAY
WILLOWHERB. C19 very scarce. Dowlaw Dean,
Redheugh, Clarabad, Birgham. Increased remarkably in the
late 1920’s, now common.
* (Oenothera biennis COMMON EVENING-PRIMROSE. Planted Milne
Graden 1831).
* Fuchsia magellanica FUCHSIA. Several bushes in Dunglass Dean.
Circaea lutetiana ENCHANTER’S-NIGHTSHADE. Frequent and
locally dominant in woods and deans.
C. alpina x lutetiana (= C. x intermedia) UPLAND ENCHANTER’S-
NIGHSHADE. Possible records Godscroft 1983,
Longformacus 1954. ((Dubious record The Hirsel 1985)).
HALORAGACEAE
Myriophyllum spicatum SPIKED WATER-MILFOIL. Locally frequent,
lowland. Tweed at Horndean and Carham, Whiteadder at
Paxton, Manderston.
34
M. alterniflorum ALTERNATE WATER-MILFOIL. Locally frequent,
mainly upland. Blackadder at Nisbet, Lurgie Loch 1965,
Burn near Airhouse Quarry.
HIPPURIDACEAE
Hippuris vulgaris MARE’S-TAIL. Hirsel, Lithtillum Loch.
CALLITRICHACEAE
Callitriche stagnalis COMMON WATER-STARWORT. Common.
C. platycarpa VARIOUS-LEAVED WATER-STARWORT. Hule Moss
1959, Spottiswoode Loch 1987, Middlethird Bog 1987.
C. hamulata (= C. intermedia) INTERMEDIATE WATER-
STARWORT. Eden Water 1987, Kelmscott 1987.
C.hermaphroditica AUTUMNAL WATER-STARWORT. Rumbleton
1987, St. Abbs Head 1985, Legerwood 1960, Sunwick 1965.
CORNACEAE
Cornus spp (= Thelycrania spp) DOGWOOD. Planted in policies. The
taxa involved have not been studied, but it is likely that
most records relate to C. sericea rather than C. sanguinea, as
recorded.
ARALIACEAE
Hedera helix IVY. Widespread.
H. hibernica cv. ‘Hibernica’ IRISH IVY. Frequent. Often carpeting the
ground in policy woodland. Long-established.
UMBELLIFERAE
Hydrocotyle vulgaris MARSH PENNYWORT. Occasional. Gordon
Moss, Coldingham Moor 1953.
Sanicula europaea SANICLE. Widespread in deans and old woodland.
In carr on Long Moss and Drone Moss.
(Astrantia major ASTRANTIA. Casual. Longformacus 1961).
Chaerophyllum temulentum ROUGH CHERVIL. Widespread.
(Anthriscus caucalis BUR CHERVIL. Newton Don 1893. “Roadsides,
common” 1853. Correct?)
A. sylvestris COW PARSLEY. Common.
(Scandix pecten-veneris SHEPHERD’S-NEEDLE. Once common, now
very rare from dormant seed. Ross 1960, Swinton 1956,
Foulden 1951).
Myrrhis odorata SWEET CICELY. Occasional. Mainly roadsides, less
frequent by rivers than in Roxburghshire. Long-established.
(Smyrnium olusatrum ALEXANDERS. Dunglass 1777, 1931).
Conopodium majus PIGNUT. Widespread. Persists despite nitrogen
fertiliser to indicate unploughed ancient hay meadows.
a5
Pimpinella saxifraga BURNET-SAXIFRAGE. Widespread. Charac-
teristic of species-rich grassy banks.
* Aegopodium podagraria GROUND-ELDER. Common. Nowintegrated
into the woodland flora.
(Sium latifolium GREATER WATER-PARSNIP. Considered extinct.
Lithtilum Loch 1950, Allanton 1893, St. Abbs Head 1829).
Berula erecta LESSER WATER-PARSNIP. Plentiful in the upper
Blackadder and tributory burns, rare elsewhere. St. Abbs
Head, Lithtillum Burn, Horndean Burn.
((Oenanthe lachenallii PARSLEY WATER-DROPWORT. Dubious
record 1893 near Manderston)).
O. crocata HEMLOCK WATER-DROPWORT. Scarce. Small burns
on the coast, Tweed, Whiteadder.
(O. aquatica FINE-LEAVED WATER-DROPWORT. Considered
extinct. Fernyrig Bog, Hirsel Lake, Lithtillum Loch to 1845).
Aethusa cynapium FOOL’S PARSLEY. Occasional as a garden weed.
Very occasionally plentiful in root fields.
Silaum silaus PEPPER-SAXIFRAGE. Rare. Skaithmuir 1982, Bemersyde
Moss 1978, Nenthorn 1964, Haigsfield 1956.
Ligusticum scoticum SCOTS LOVAGE. Scarce on the coast. St. Abbs
Head, Eyemouth, Burnmouth. Noted by William Crow
1740.
Conium maculatum HEMLOCK. Frequent near the coast and near the
Tweed. Occasional elsewhere.
(Apium nodiflorum FOOL’S WATER-CRESS. “Ditches and rivulets,
frequent” 1853. Five records in the 1960’s are all believed
errors for Berula erecta. Possibly survives somewhere).
A.inundatum LESSER MARSHWORT. Very localand scarce. Lightfield
1988. Legerwood 1960. Horndean 1960. Foul Burn Bridge
1960.
* Petroselinum crispum GARDEN PARSLEY. Burnmouth since 1897,
Tweed bank opposite Wark 1966. The naturalised form does
not have crisped leaves.
(Sison amomum STONE PARSLEY. Considered extinct. Hirsel Lake
1834 plentiful, casual Duns 1931).
Cicuta virosa COWBANE. Everett Moss 1987, plentiful.
Angelica sylvestris WILD ANGELICA. Widespread.
* (Levisticum officinale LOVAGE. Casual. Langton 1959).
* (Peucedanum ostruthium MASTERWORT. Casual. Longformacus
1957).
* Pastinaca sativa WILD PARSNIP. Lamberton railway 1980. (Casual.
Duns 1969).
Heracleum sphondylium HOGWEED. Common.
* H. mantegazzianum GIANT HOGWEED. Some massive colonies by
the Tweed, extending through woodland. Also by the
Whiteadder and near Coldingham. First record 1947.
36
* H. mantegazzianum x sphondylium. Paxton, Edington Mill 1982.
Torilis japonica UPRIGHT HEDGE-PARSLEY. Widespread.
* (T. arvenis SPREADING HEDGE-PARSLEY. Casual. Duns 1933).
T. nodosa KNOTTED HEDGE-PARSLEY. St. Abbs Head.
Daucus carota WILD CARROT. Now rare. Paradise 1961. Butterlaw
and Edrom 1956.
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
* (Asarumeuropaeum ASARABACCA. Casual. Leader at Cowdenknowes
1916).
EUPHORBIACEAE
Mercurialis perennis DOG’S MERCURY. Common in woods, usually
indicating ancient woodland.
* (Euphorbia lathyrus CAPER SPURGE. Casual. Swinton 1951).
E. helioscopia SUN SPURGE. Frequent arable weed.
E. peplus PETTY SPURGE. Frequent garden weed.
(E. exigua DWARF SPURGE. Considered extinct. Occasional to 1900.
Longformacus 1946-52, but apparently encouraged as a
garden weed by a botanist, Miss Brown).
* (E. esula LEAFY SPURGE. Birgham Haugh 1831-1916, Reston 1836).
* (E. cyparissias CYPRESS SPURGE. Broomhill 1956).
POLYGONACEAE
Polygonum aviculare KNOTGRASS. The following segregates occur:
P. aviculare. Common.
P. arenastrum. Frequent. Trodden places.
* P, bistorta COMMON BISTORT. Scattered. Westruther churchyard,
Wedderburn, Redpath Dean. First record 1853.
P. amphibium AMPHIBIOUS BISTORT. Widespread both aquatic and
terrestrial forms.
P. persicaria REDSHANK. Common.
(P. lapathifolium PALEPERSICARIA. Noreliable recent records, perhaps
overlooked. “not uncommon” 1853, sometimes confused
with the white-flowered form of P. persicaria).
P. hydropiper WATER-PEPPER. Occasional. Tweed banks, Greenlaw
Moor.
* Reynoutria japonica (= Polygonum cuspidatum) JAPENESE
KNOTWEED. Frequent. Policy woodland, banks of
Tweed, Whiteadder, Eye. First record 1960.
* R.sachalinensis (=P. sachalinense) GIANT KNOTWEED. Duns Castle,
Newton Don. First record 1960.
Fallopia convolvulus (= Polygonum convolvulus) BLACK-
BINDWEED. Frequent.
BY
* F. aubertii (= P. baldschuanicum) RUSSIAN-VINE. Burnmouth 1959.
* Rheum x cultorum RHUBARB. Relic of cultivation.
Rumex acetosella SHEEP’S SORREL. Common. The segregates have
not been studied.
R. acetosa COMMON SORRELL. Common.
R. hydrolapathum WATER DOCK. *Mellerstain Lake 1982, (Gordon
Moss 1916, Lochton 1883).
* (R. alpinus MONK’S RHUBARB. East Water, Lauderdale 1874).
(R. longifolius NORTHERN DOCK. Kyles Hill 1970, Lithtillum Loch
1955. Status uncertain, but perhaps overlooked).
R. crispus CURLED DOCK. Common.
R. obtusifolius BROAD-LEAVED DOCK. Common.
R. sanguineus WOOD DOCK. Frequent, always var. viridis.
R. conglomeratus CLUSTERED DOCK. Occasional.
R. palustris MARSH DOCK. Legerwood Pond 1960.
R. maritimus GOLDEN DOCK. Lithtilum Loch 1872-1952.
URTICACEAE
* Parietariajudaica PELLITORY-OF-THE-WALL. Onold walls, mainly
lower Tweed. Long-established.
Urtica urens SMALL NETTLE. Rather local.
U. dioica STINGING NETTLE. Common.
CANNABACEAE
* (Humuluslupulus HOP. Usually single plants. Dunglass 1985, Harrietfield
1981).
ULMACEAE
Ulmus glabra WYCH ELM. Widespread, formerly dominant in deans
but now decimated by Dutch elm disease and perhaps soon
to be reduced to an undershrub.
* U. procera ENGLISH ELM. Planted. Occasional, also decimated by
Dutch elm disease.
JUGLANDACEAE
* Juglans regia WALNUT. Planted. Rare.
MYRICACEAE
* (Myrica gale BOG MYRTLE. Spottiswoode Loch 1953).
BETULACEAE
* Betula pendula SILVER BIRCH. Widespread. Doubtfully native in
Berwickshire.
B. pubescens DOWNY BIRCH. Widespread. Birchwoods are now rare.
Gordon Moss, Airhouse Wood, fragments at Flass Wood,
Longformacus.
38
Alnus glutinosa ALDER. Widespread. Alderwoods are now rare. Abbey
St. Bathans, Hoprigshiels.
CORYLACEAE
* Carpinus betulus HORNBEAM. Planted. Occcasional.
Corylus avellana HAZEL. Local in woods and deans. There are few
sizeable stands.
FAGACEAE
* Fagus sylvatica BEECH. Widely planted. Regenerating frequently.
* Castanea sativa SWEET CHESTNUT. Planted. Occasional.
* Quercus cerris TURKEY OAK. Planted. Occasional.
Q. robur PEDUNCULATE OAK. Widely planted. Status as a native
uncertain. Regenerating rarely.
Q. petraea SESSILE OAK. ‘The native oakwoods appear to have been
mainly of this species as at Abbey St. Bathans, Pease Dean,
Grantshouse, Gateheugh. It is also planted. Now regenerating
rarely for various reasons including a shortage of jays.
SALICACEAE
* Populus alba WHITE POPLAR. Planted but forming groves by suckers.
Scarce:
* P. alba x tremula (= P. x canescens) GREY POPLAR. Planted. Rare.
P. tremula ASPEN. Very scarce, forming groves by suckers. Gordon
Moss, Flass, Rathburne, Aikyside Wood, Lamberton Cliffs.
* P. nigra BLACK POPLAR. Planted. Rare. Antons Hill, (New Horndean
1987).
* P. nigra cv. ‘Italica®’ LOMBARDY POPLAR. Planted. Scarce.
* P. deltoidea x nigra (= P. x canadensis) ITALIAN POPLAR. Planted.
Scarce.
* P. candicans (= P. x gileadensis) BALSAM POPLAR. Planted. Scarce.
The treatment of Salix is simplified. Many of the specimens met with
have been taken from cuttings and include introductions and varieties.
‘There are also hybrids other than those listed.
Salix pentandra BAY WILLOW. Scarce. Gordon Moss, Lurgie Loch,
Longmuir Moss.
S. alba WHITE WILLOW. Widespread. Mainly planted but probably
formerly native in similar places.
x S. babylonica WEEPING WILLOW. Planted occasionally in policies.
Hen Poo.
* S. fragilis CRACK WILLOW. Widespread. Mainly planted and including
varieties.
* S. triandra ALMOND WILLOW. Planted. Rare.
S. purpurea PURPLE WILLOW. Frequent. Leaderfoot, Tweed,
Whiteadder, Blackadder. Perhaps planted at Middlethird
Bog.
39)
*
*
S. daphnoides VIOLET WILLOW. Planted. Rare.
S. viminalis OSIER. Scattered. Mainly planted.
S.capreassp.caprea GOAT WILLOW. Widespread. Especially wooded
deans.
S. cinerea ssp. oleifolia (= S. atrocinerea) GREY WILLOW. Common.
In deans, by burns and in mosses. There is some colour
variation.
S. aurita EARED WILLOW. Widespread. Mainly upland.
. aurita x cinerea (= S. x multinervis). Gordon Moss, Watch Water.
S. myrsinifolia (= S. nigricans) DARK-LEAVED WILLOW. Gordon
Moss. The specimens seen recently key to S. myrsinifolia x
phylicifolia.
S. phylicifolia TEA-LEAVED WILLOW. Longmuir Moss. Wrunklaw
Burn, (Gordon Moss 1971 but see S. myrsinifolia).
S. repens ssp. repens CREEPING WILLOW. Very local. Gordon Moss,
Polwarth Moss, Long Moss, Lurgie Loch, Everett Moss (var.
fusca).
N
ERICACEAE
Rhododendron ponticum RHODODENDRON. Widely planted and
locally naturalised.
(Arctostaphylos uva-ursi BEARBERRY. Considered extinct. Dirrington
Great Law to 1858).
Calluna vulgaris HEATHER. ‘The best moors are up the Dye Water and
at Greenlaw Moor. Much lowland moorland continues to be
lost to agriculture and forestry.
Erica tetralix CROSS-LEAVED HEATH. Frequent in the hills and
locally plentiful on peat.
E. cinerea BELL HEATHER. Locally dominant in the Lammermuirs,
also on the sea braes.
Vaccinium vitis-idaea COWBERRY. Rather scarce in moorland especially
on the highest ground. Gateheugh.
V. myrtillus BLAEBERRY, BILBERRY. In the more acid woodland and
on the hills, rarely abundant.
V. oxycoccos CRANBERRY. Very local. Long Moss, plentiful, Dogden
Moss, Drone Moss, Lurgie Loch, Corsbie Bog.
PYROLACEAE
Pyrola minor COMMON WINTERGREEN. Very local. Duns Castle,
Birgham Wood, Retreat Wood, Silverwells, Gordon Moss,
Long Moss.
(P. media INTERMEDIATE WINTERGREEN. Considered extinct.
Dirrington Great Law, Penmanshiel Wood, Abbey St.
Bathans. Last record 1914).
40
(P. rotundifolia ROUND-LEAVED WINTERGREEN. Considered
extinct but possibly recorded in error. Houndwood and
Banks of the Ale 1836).
EMPETRACEAE
Empetrum nigrum ssp. nigrum CROWBERRY. Rather scarce on
moorland, also on the sea braes. Dogden Moss, Lamberton.
PLUMBAGINACEAE
Armeria maritima THRIFT. Locally plentiful along the coast. St. Abbs
Head.
PRIMULACEAE
Primula veris COWSLIP. Local along the coast, very scarce inland. St.
Abbs Head, Burnmouth, The Hirsel, Magdalenehall.
P. veris x vulgaris (= P. x tommasinni) FALSE OXLIP. Occasional.
P. vulgaris PRIMROSE. Widespread with fine colonies on the coast, up
the Whiteadder and in the hills.
* P. florindae CANDELABRAPRIMULA. Naturalised on the sea braes at
Redheugh. First record 1981.
Lysimachia nemorum YELLOW PIMPERNEL. Frequent in woodland
on more acid soils and by burns in the hills.
* L. nummularia CREEPING JENNY. Probably not native. Occasionally
established by rivers and roadsides. First record 1834.
L. vulgaris YELLOW LOOSESTRIFE. Former rare native (Swinton,
Pease Dean). Now a scarce established introduction by the
Tweed. Paxton, Fishwick Mains.
Trientalis europaea CHICK WEED WINTERGREEN. Rare in mires
and moorland. Long Moss, Drone Moss, Blackburnrig
Wood, (Hartside 1902).
(Anagallis tenella BOG PIMPERNEL. Considered extinct. Crawboat
Loch, near Springhill, abundant, 1853).
A. arvensis. Two subspecies are recorded:
A. arvensis ssp. arvensis SCARLET PIMPERNEL. Ascarce weed
of light soils, also on coastal scree. St. Abbs Head, Dowlaw
Dean.
(A. arvensis ssp. foemina BLUE PIMPERNEL. Three C19
records. Eyemouth, Duns, St. Abbs).
(A. minima CHAFFWEED. Considered extinct. Birgham Moor to 1845).
Glaux maritima SEA-MILKWORT. Localalong the coast. Linkim Shore,
Cove Harbour.
(Samolus valerandi BROOKWEED. Considered extinct. Gunsgreen to
1924, Fernyrig Bog to 1845).
BUDDLEJACEAE
* Buddleja davidii BUTTERFLY-BUSH. Established about towns.
Eyemouth.
41
OLEACEAE
Fraxinus excelsior ASH. Probably rather local as a native. Pease Dean.
Widely planted and regenerating.
* Syringa vulgaris LILAC. Planted in policy woodland, perpetuated by
suckers.
* Ligustrum vulgare WILD PRIVET. widely planted and persisting,
occasionally naturalised.
* L. ovalifolium GARDEN PRIVET. Planted and persisting. Rare.
APOCYNACEAE
* Vinca minor LESSER PERIWINKLE. Well naturalised in woods and
shady banks in a few places.
* V. major GREATER PERIWINKLE. Occasionally established.
Burnmouth, Ale Water. A fine colony is naturalised on rocks
above the Tweed at Fishwick Mains.
V. herbacea. Established at Hutton Bridge from 1984.
oe
GENTIANACEAE
Centaurium erythraea COMMON CENTAURY. Formerly quite
widespread, now very scarce on the coast, and on banks by
the Whiteadder. St. Abbs Head, Cove. (Paxton 1956).
(Gentianella campestris FIELD GENTIAN. Almost or quite extinct.
Horseupcleugh 1968, Godscroft 1953, formerly on the
coast).
(G. amarella ssp. amarella AUTUMN GENTIAN. Almost or quite
extinct. Dye Cottage 1956, Lamberton Shiels 1853).
MENYANTHACEAE
Menyanthes trifoliata BOGBEAN. Suitable habitat is scarce. Bemersyde
Moss, Gordon Moss, Hen Poo, Lurgie Loch, Coldingham
Loch.
* (Nymphoides peltata FRINGED WATER-LILY. Former introduction.
Hen Poo 1840-81, Foulden New Mains 1840).
POLEMONIACEAE
* (Polemonium caeruleum (agg.) JACOB’S-LADDER. Rare casual, garden
escape).
BORAGINACEAE
(Cynoglossum officinale HOUND’S-TONGUE. Extinct or almost so,
formerly scarce near the cost. Linkim Shore 1956).
(Symphytum officinale COMMON COMEFREY. Status uncertain.
Several records 1831-1893 but a specimen 1853 Dunglass
Dean is in fact S. x uplandicum).
* S. asperum x officinale (= S. x uplandicum) RUSSIAN COMFREY.
Frequent, roadsides and riversides. First record 1853.
* §S. orientale WHITE COMFREY. Birgham 1983.
42
S. tuberosum TUBEROUS COMFREY. Frequent by riversides, perhaps
introduced elsewhere.
* (Borago officinalis BORAGE. Considered extinct. Fields at Hallydown
1829-36, Newton Don 1893).
* Trachystemon orientalis ABRAHAM-ISAAC-JACOB. Introduction.
Milne Graden Burn 1965S.
* Pentaglottis sempervirens GREEN ALKANET. Emanating from
policies, but widely naturalised.
Anchusa arvensis (=Lycopsis arvensis) BUGLOSS. Widespread, most
common near the coast.
* (A. officinalis COMMON ALKANET. Rare casual, garden escape).
* (Nonnea pulla. Casual. Cheeklaw 1958).
* (Pulmonaria longifolia NARROW-LEAVED LUNGWORT. Pease Bay
1886, status conjectural. Casual Berrywell 1946).
* P. officinalis LUNGWORT. Inadequate information. Pulmonaria spp. are
well naturalised at Longformacus House.
* Amsinckia intermedia TARWEED. Occasional. A recent introduction
mainly as an arable weed, also Tweed banks at Fishwick
Mains, Municipal bed at Duns. First record 1983.
Myosotis scorpiodes WATER FORGET-ME-NOT. Widespread.
M. secunda CREEPING FORGET-ME-NOT. Occasional in the richer
communities by hill burns. Byrecleugh, Foul Burn, Whalplaw
Burn.
M. laxa (= M. caespitosa) TUFTED FORGET-ME-NOT. Common.
M. sylvatica WOOD FORGET-ME-NOT. Mainly introduced.
Widespread in policy woodland and somewhat more widely.
Langton, Duns Castle, The Hirsel, Paxton.
M. arvensis FIELD FORGET-ME-NOT. Generally common. Two
subspecies occur:
M. arvensis ssp. arvensis. Mainly on arable land.
M. arvensis ssp.umbrata. ‘The larger plant of woods and hedgebanks,
frequently mistaken for M. sylvatica, a problem long recognised
(G. Johnston 1853).
M. discolor CHANGING FORGET-ME-NOT. Widespread, but only
occasionally plentiful.
M.ramosissima EARLY FORGET-ME-NOT._ Very local and decreasing.
Mainly coastal, inland on basalt. St. Abbs Head, Pease Bay,
Hume Craigs.
* (Lithospermum officinale COMMON GROMWELL. Former casual.
Dryburgh Abbey C19).
(L. arvense FIELD GROMWELL. Considered extinct except as a rare
casual, formerly common in cornfields. Near Union Bridge
1956).
(Mertensia maritima OYSTERPLANT. Considered extinct despite its
reappearance on the East Lothian coast in 1989. Formerly
scarce in several bays along the coast to 1914).
43
Echium vulgare VIPER’S-BUGLOSS. Localand scarce. Scaurs on banks
of the Whiteadder, junction of Eye and Ale Waters, Birgham,
Gateheugh.
CONVOLVULACEAE
Convolvulus arvensis FIELD BINDWEED. Scattered. Usually in isolated
colonies but rather more widespread near the coast.
Calystegia sepium. ‘Three subspecies occur and are often treated as
separate species:
C. sepium ssp. sepium HEDGE BINDWEED. Widespread.
* C.sepiumssp. pulchra HAIRY BINDWEED. Occasional. Reston
1981, Lintlaw School 1982.
x C. sepium ssp. silvatica LARGE BINDWEED. Occasional.
Lennel, Coldstream. First record 1957.
(Cuscuta campestris AN AMERICAN DODDER. Casual on leeks,
Coldingham 1959).
SOLANACEAE
(Hyoscyamus niger HENBANE. Casual, formerly occasional, now rare.
Cockburnspath 1956).
Solanum dulcamara BITTERSWEET. Very scarce. In deans and mosses
also in ruderal habitats, Hirsel Lake, Duns.
(S.nigrum BLACK NIGHTSHADE. Rare Casual. Chirnside 1972, Nisbet
1956).
(S. tuberosum POTATO. Agricultural relic, not persisting for long).
(Lycopersicon esculentum TOMATO. Casual, especially on shingle in
the Tweed, not persisting).
(Datura stramonium THORN-APPLE. Casual. Ayton 1959).
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Verbascum thapsus GREAT MULLEIN. Scattered but erratic.
(V. nigrum DARK MULLEIN. Rare casual. Ellemford 1936).
(V. blattaria MOTH MULLEIN. Rare casual. Elba 1952).
(Antirrhinum majus SNAPDRAGON. Casual. One unlocalised record
1960).
Linaria purpurea PURPLE TOADFLAX. Very scarce on walls and
wasteground. Gavinton 1960. Old railway near Airhouse
Wood 1964
(L. repens PALE TOADFLAX. Casual. One unlocalised record 1960).
L. vulgaris COMMON TOADFLAX. Scattered. Spread in the C19
along railways and survives in places where they passed.
Chaenorhinum minus SMALL TOADFLAX. Virtually restricted to
railway ballast. First record 1829, now decreasing with its
habitat.
Cymbalaria muralis IVY-LEAVED TOADFLAX. Widespread on
mortared walls around buildings. First record 1853.
44
Scrophularia nodosa COMMON FIGWORT. Widespread.
S. auriculata (= S. aquatica) WATER FIGWORT. Rare. Birgham 1960.
(Formerly by the Whiteadder at Clarabad and Tibby Fowlers
Glen, at Nenthorn and Newton Don. Possible records The
Hirsel 1985, Longformacus 1957).
S. umbrosa GREEN FIGWORT. Locally common. Known by the
Whiteadder since 1850 but by the Tweed only since 1960.
Bemersyde Moss, Bishops Bog. Berwickshire has perhaps
the largest British population of this species.
(S. vernalis YELLOW FIGWORT. Casual. Lauderdale 1902).
Mimulus guttatus MONKEYFLOWER. Widespread in burns and ditches.
Whalplaw Burn from 1844.
M. guttatus x luteus. Widespread in burns and ditches. First record 1872
by the Tweed. Most or all records of M. luteus refer to this
hybrid.
(M. luteus BLOOD-DROP-EMLETS. | Status uncertain due to confusion
with hybrids).
M. cupreus X guttatus A COPPER-COLOURED MONKEYFLOWER.
Kelphope Burn 1985, West Blanerne 1968, Cockburn Mill
1956.
(M. moschatus MUSK. Casual. Blanerne 1970).
Erinus alpinus FAIRY FOXGLOVE. On mortared walls, rare. Gledswood
1981, Manderston 1946.
Digitalis purpurea FOXGLOVE. Common on banks and in woodland
where the geology is silurian or volcanic but rare over
calciferous sandstone. White-flowered plants are rare in
native populations but are sometimes plentiful where inter-
breeding with garden populations can be inferred as at Duns
Castle.
Veronica beccabunga BROOKLIME. Widespread.
V. anagallis-aquatica BLUE WATER-SPEEDWELL. Widespread.
V. catenata PINK WATER-SPEEDWELL. Very local. The upper
Blackadder Water and the Fangrist Burn, Eden Water near
Macks Mill, Whiteadder.
V. scutellata MARSH SPEEDWELL. Scattered, mainly upland.
. officinalis HEATH SPEEDWELL. Widespread.
V. montana WOOD SPEEDWELL. Local. Characteristic of ancient elm
woods but colonising under ash and sycamore. Pease Dean,
Langton Woods, Paradise.
V. chamaedrys GERMANDER SPEEDWELL. Common.
V. serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia THYME-LEAVED SPEEDWELL.
Common. In grassland and as an arable weed.
V. peregrina AMERICAN SPEEDWELL. Newton Don 1873, 1990. A
weed of sheltered gardens. Perhaps elsewhere.
V. arvensis WALL SPEEDWELL. Common.
<
45
V. hederifolia IVY-LEAVED SPEEDWELL. Frequent. Two subspecies
are present but have been little studied:
* V. hederifolia ssp. hederifolia. Usually on sandy arable land. Duns.
Perhaps introduced.
V. hederifolia ssp. lucorum. Usually in more shady places. Cockburn
Mill.
* V. persica COMMON FIELD-SPEEDWELL. Common. First recorded
1829.
V. polita GREY FIELD-SPEEDWELL. Very local. Recent records have
been as a weed in gardens of old houses. Longformacus,
Westruther, Newton Don.
V. agrestis GREEN FIELD-SPEEDWELL. Local. Mainly as a weed in
gardens of old houses, but also as an arable weed about old
villages.
* V. filiformis SLENDER SPEEDWELL. Widespread and locally abundant,
in mown grass and by rivers. The C19 records were errors
for V. persica, first record 1953.
Pedicularis palustris MARSH LOUSEWORT. Scattered in moorland.
P. sylvatica LOUSEWORT. Scattered in moorland. Less frequent than P.
palustris.
Rhinanthus minor YELLOW RATTLE. Widespread, but declining severely
and rarely now found in any quantity. The segregates have
not been studied.
Melampyrum pratense COMMON COW-WHEAT. Retreat Wood, Elba
and Wild Wood, Abbey St. Bathans. Probably still elsewhere -
in ancient oak woods as at Grantshouse.
((M. sylvaticum SMALL COW-WHEAT. Banks by Dye above
Longformacus 1831 but by 1916 demonstrated to be an
error for M. pratense)).
Euphrasia officinalis EYEBRIGHT. The following segregates are recorded.
‘They are interfertile and may grade into one another.
. nemorosa. Frequent in hill grassland.
. arctica ssp. borealis (= E. brevipila). Frequent in hill grassland.
. confusa. Frequent in hill grassland.
mmm
. micrantha. Heather moorland.
E. scottica. Byrecleuch 1960.
Odontites verna RED BARTSIA. Widespread, but declining.
OROBANCHACEAE
Lathraea squamaria TOOTHWORT. Very local. Gledswood, opposite
Carham, Lennel, Milne Graden, Paxton, Retreat.
* L. clandestina PURPLE TOOTHWORT. Naturalised at Duns Castle
since 1962.
46
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Pinguicula vulgaris COMMON BUTTERWORT. Very local. In basic
flushes in moorland and on the coast. Burnmouth 1979.
(Utricularia vulgaris GREATER BLADDERWORT. Considered extinct.
Below Allanton Bridge 1902, Fernyrig Bog 1845, Girtrig
Pond near Langton 1831, Leitholm Loch).
(U. intermedia INTERMEDIATE BLADDERWORT. Considered extinct.
Penmanshiel Moss, Langstruther Bog, Lurgie Loch 1853).
(U.minor LESSER BLADDERWORT. Considered extinct. Gordon Moss
1974, Penmanshiel Moss 1886, Langstruther Bog 1839).
VERBENACEAE
(Verbena officinalis VERVAIN. Former casual. Near Norham 1878,
Cockburnspath 1836).
LABIATAE
(Mentha pulegium PENNYROYAL. Former casual. Near Auchencrow
1853).
M. arvensis CORN MINT. Allanton 1986. Formerly widespread and
although now very scarce probably elsewhere.
M. aquatica WATER MINT. Common.
M. aquatica x arvensis (= M. x verticillata) WHORLED MINT. Occasional.
Lennel 1968.
M. aquatica x spicata (= M. x piperita) PEPPERMINT. Occasional.
M. spicata SPEARMINT. Occasional.
M. spicata x suaveolens (= M. x villosa) LARGE APPLE-MINT. Plentiful
by the Whiteadder downstream from Allanton and by the
Blackadder below Blanerne from 1833, Pease Bay,
Coldingham.
((M. longifolia. Not a British plant; records refer to M. spicata x suaveolens) ).
((Lycopus europaeus GIPSYWORT. No records. Considered absent) ).
Origanum vulgare MARJORAM. Local. Scaurs by the Whiteadder. Fishwick
Mains, Hilton Bay, Gateheugh.
(Thymus pulegioides LARGE THYME. Casual. Duns 1906).
Thymus praecox (= T. drucei) WILD THYME. Widespread.
(Acinos arvensis BASIL THYME. Considered extinct. Oxendean 1874,
Penmanshiel 1854, Ecclaw 1853).
Clinopodium vulgare WILD BASIL. Tower Dean 1988, Cockburn Mill
1973, opposite Norham 1963, Almaheart 1950, formerly
local.
Prunella vulgaris SELFHEAL. Common.
Stachys arvensis FIELD WOUNDWORT. Dowlaw 1981, (Chirnside
1936, formerly local).
S. palustris MARSH WOUNDWORT. Scattered.
47
S. palustris x sylvatica (= S. x ambigua). Rare or overlooked. Langton Mill
1931, Pease Dean 1853.
S. sylvatica HEDGE WOUNDWORT. Common.
S. officinalis (= Betonica officinalis) BETONY. Rare but unlikely to be
extinct despite absence of recent records. Longformacus
1950, Grantshouse 1936.
Ballota nigra BLACK HORSEHOUND. Fishwick Mains 1987, Birgham
1961, formerly widespread.
* Lamiastrum galeobdolon (= Galeobdolon luteum) YELLOW
ARCHANGEL. Rare introduction, Cairnbank 1968,
Dunglass 1894.
Lamium amplexicaule HENBIT DEAD-NETTLE. Local, mainly near
the coast. Arable and garden weed.
L. moluccellifolium NORTHERN DEAD-NETTLE. Widespread but
scarce as an arable weed. No garden record.
L. hybridum CUT-LEAVED DEAD-NETTLE. Very local, mainly near
the coast and in sunny fields near the ‘Tweed. No garden
record.
L. purpureum RED DEAD-NETTLE. Common.
L. album WHITE DEAD-NETTLE. Widespread.
* (L. maculatum SPOTTED DEAD-NETTLE. Casual. Duns 1931).
(Galeopsis angustifolia RED HEMP-NETTLE. Considered extinct.
Cockburn Mill 1866, St. Helens Church 1856)
G. tetrahit COMMON HEMP-NETTLE. Common as an arable weed but
also frequent in mosses. The two subspecies usually occur
together:
G. tetrahit ssp. tetrahit. Common.
G. tetrahit ssp. bifida. Less plentiful.
G. speciosa LARGE-FLOWERED HEMP-NETTLE. Locally common,
especially on a peaty soil.
(Nepeta cataria CATMINT. Considered extinct, possibly formerly native.
Broomhouse 1893, Gateheugh 1831).
Glechoma hederacea GROUND-IVY. Widespread.
* (Marrubium vulgare WHITE HOREHOUND. Casual. Pease Dean 1881).
Scutellaria galericulata SKULLCAP. Has always been rare. Drakemire
1982, Pease Dean 1956, Sisterpath 1956.
Teucrium scorodonia WOOD SAGE. Widespread, often indicative of
former oakwood.
Ajuga reptans BUGLE. Widespread, extending up hill burns.
PLANTAGINACEAE
Plantago major GREATER PLANTAIN. Common.
P. media HOARY PLANTAIN. Perhaps now confined to old lawns,
formerly frequent. Duns Castle, Swinton House.
P. lanceolata RIBWORT PLANTAIN. Common.
48
P. maritima SEA PLANTAIN. Frequent along the coast, formerly rare
inland.
P. coronopus BUCK’S-HORN PLANTAIN. Common along the coast.
Littorella uniflora SHOREWEED. Coldingham Loch, Watch Water
Reservoir, Edmonds Dean Dam, Millars Moss.
CAMPANULACEAE
Campanula latifolia GIANT BELLFLOWER. Local. An indicator of
ancient woodland. Pease Dean, Langton, Paxton.
* C. rapunculoides CREEPING BELLFLOWER. Occasional, roadsides
and riversides. Established from garden throwouts. First
record 1893.
* (C. persicifolia PEACH-LEAVED BELLFLOWER. Lochton 1872).
* (C. glomerata CLUSTERED BELLFLOWER. Apparently introduced.
Coldstream 1961).
C. rotundifolia HAREBELL, BLUEBELL. Common.
* (C. patula SPREADING BELLFLOWER. Swinton 1956).
RUBIACEAE
Sherardia arvensis FIELD MADDER. Now local and scarce. St. Abbs
Head, Pease Dean, Dowlaw, Old Cambus Quarry.
* (Phuopsis stylosa. Casual. Marden 1947).
Galium odoratum WOODRUFF. Local. An indicator of ancient woodland.
Pease Dean, Abbey St. Bathans, Langton.
G. cruciata CROSSWORT. Widespread.
G. boreale NORTHERN BEDSTRAW. Rare, formerly local. Grassland
flushed by base-rich springs, also basic rocks and crags.
Gateheugh, Birgham, Skaithmuir, Fireburn Mill, formerly
elsewhere in the Merse.
G. mollugo (agg.) HEDGE BEDSTRAW. Native in the Merse. Introduced
elsewhere with grass seed and becoming established.
Middlethird, Cockburnspath.
G. verum LADY’S BEDSTRAW. Widespread.
G. saxatile HEATH BEDSTRAW. Common, at least in the hills.
G. palustre MARSH BEDSTRAW. Widespread.
G. uliginosum FEN BEDSTRAW. Widespread but more local than
G. palustre.
G. aparine CLEAVERS, STICKY WILLIE. Common.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
* (Sambucus ebulus DWARF ELDER. Considered extinct. Longformacus
Churchyard 1956, Langton 1953).
S. nigra ELDER. Common.
* S. racemosa RED-BERRIED ELDER. Widespread. Sometimes abundant
in pine plantations as at Skaithmuir. First record 1956.
49
* Viburnum lantana WAYFARING-TREE. Occasionally planted.
V. opulus GUELDER-ROSE. Very local and scarce. Greenwood 1957,
Peelrig 1946.
* Symphoricarpos rivularis SNOWBERRY. Widely planted and becoming
strongly established. Seedlings are rare but do occur as on old
walls. First record 1946.
Linnaea borealis —TT'WINFLOWER. Perhaps an unintentional re-introduction
re-established in pine plantations often on the site of former
native pine woods. Mellerstain 1834-1990. ‘Temporarily
established at six other places 1880-1933.
Lonicera periclymenum HONEYSUCKLE. Widespread, often indicating
a link with ancient woodland. Also on sea braes.
* (L. caprifolium PERFOLIATE HONEYSUCKLE. Coldstream 1834).
ADOXACEAE
Adoxa moschatellina MOSCHATEL. Local. An indicator of ancient elm
woods, usually found near water. Pease Dean, Langton
Woods, Clarabad Wood, Airhouse Wood.
VALERIANACEAE
Valerianellalocusta COMMON CORNSALAD. Perhaps extinct inland
except as a rare casual but surviving on the coast. Linkim
Shore 1981, Lamberton railway 1980. Ramsheugh Bay
1966, Burnmouth 1961.
(V. dentata NARROW-FRUITED CORNSALAD. Considered extinct.
Formerly an arable weed near the coast and up the Tweed
to Lochton. Last record 1916).
Valeriana officinalis COMMON VALERIAN. Rather local but quite
widespread except in the hills.
* V. pyrenaica PYRENEAN VALERIAN. Much less widely naturalised
than further inland in the Tweed basin. Gateheugh 1973,
Bunkle 1963. First record Mertoun 1886.
V.dioica MARSH VALERIAN. Quite widespread in slightly basic moorland
flushes.
* Centranthus ruber RED VALERIAN. There isa striking multi-coloured
colony in Ramsheugh Bay, also at Burnmouth. First record
1952:
DIPSACACEAE
Dipsacus fullonum ssp. fullonum TEASEL. Apparently introduced, now
well established on sunny banks by the Lower Tweed,
Coldstream, Fishwick Mains, but not recorded there until
1893.
Knautia arvensis FIELD SCABIOUS. Formerly widespread and plentiful
but now reduced to small colonies by roadsides, by the
Whiteadder and at Burnmouth.
50
*
*
*
Scabiosa columbaria SMALL SCABIOUS. Foulden Dean, (formerly
Hareheugh Craigs to 1974, Nenthorn, Lochton and more
widely).
Succisa pratensis DEVIL’S-BIT SCABIOUS. Widespread in the hills.
COMPOSITAE
Bidens cernua NODDINGBUR-MARIGOLD. Onecolony, Bemersyde
Moss. (Girtrig Pond 1853)
Galinsoga parviflora GALLANT SOLDIER. Garden weed. Ayton 1960.
G. ciliata HAIRY GALLANT SOLDIER. Garden weed, Chirnside 1986.
Senecio jacobaea COMMON RAGWORT. Common.
S. aquaticus MARSH RAGWORT. Very local. Never common but
reduced by drainage. Fine at Longmuir Moss, Mordington
Pond 1965, Langtonlees Cleugh 1964.
S. erucifolius HOARY RAGWORT. Rare or possibly extinct. (Formerly
“not uncommon in the district southwards from Mellerstain”
1874. Swinton Mill 1969, Edrington Mill, Mellerstain and
Clarabad 1914).
S. squalidus OXFORD RAGWORT. Greystonelees 1985, Lamberton
railway 1980, Chirnside. First recorded 1962.
S. sylvaticus HEATH GROUNDSEL. Widespread but local and rather
scarce.
S. viscosus STICKY GROUNDSEL. Frequent on sea braes also
widespread and increasing on tips, parking areas etc.
S. vulgaris GROUNDSEL. Common. The segregate:
* S. vulgaris f. radiatus RAYED GROUNDSEL. Duns 1990.
Probably frequent near the railway.
S. fluviatilis BROAD-LEAVED RAGWORT. Established introduction.
Paxton House 1960.
Doronicum pardalianches LEOPARD’S-BANE. Widespread. Sometimes
replaces the varied ground flora of ancient elmwoods. First
record Linthill 1868.
D. plantagineum PLANTAIN-LEAVED LEOPARD’S-BANE. Poorly
established introduction. The Hirsel, Langton. First record
Allanbank 1878.
Tussilago farfara COLT’S-FOOT. Common.
Petasites hybridus BUTTERBUR. Widespread and locally common.
((No record of the ‘female’ plant)).
P. albus WHITE BUTTERBUR. Several colonies.
P. fragrans WINTER HELIOTROPE. Several colonies.
(Inula helenium ELECAMPANE. Casual. Birgham 1985).
(Pulicaria dysenterica COMMON FLEABANE. Considered extinct.
Coldstream, Ladykirk, Lamberton, Tibby Fowlers Glen to
1916).
51
Filago vulgaris (= F. germanica) COMMON CUDWEED. Very local,
formerly widespread. Near Millars Moss, Old Cambus
Quarry, Pease Dean, Airhouse Wood Quarry.
Filago minima SMALL CUDWEED. Very local, formerly widespread.
Near Millars Moss, Dowlaw Dean, Pease Dean, Old Cambus
Quarry.
Gnaphalium sylvaticum HEATH CUDWEED. Rare, formerly local.
Penmanshiel Wood 1989, near Harelaw Craigs 1960, Kyles
Hill 1959.
G. uliginosum MARSH CUDWEED. Common.
Antennaria dioica MOUNTAIN EVERLASTING. Rare, formerly
widespread. Lumsdaine 1988, Blythe Moors 1951, Quixwood
Moor 1951, Longformacus 1947.
Solidago virgaurea GOLDENROD. Scattered. On rocks and steep banks,
not here on open moorland.
Bellis perennis DAISY. Very common.
Eupatorium cannabinum HEMP-AGRIMONY. Locally frequent in wet
places on the sea braes, rare inland. St. Abbs Head, Dowlaw
Dean, Burnmouth, Tweedside near Birgham.
* (Anthemis cotula STINKING CHAMOMILE. Casual. Swinton 1960).
* (A. arvensis CORN CHAMOMILE. Extinct except as a rare casual.
Formerly cultivated for sheep but also as a weed of new
grassland. Hirsel Law 1957).
* (Chamaemelum nobile CHAMOMILE. Formerly temporarily naturalised
near Chirnside before 1853).
Achillea miullefolium YARROW. Common.
* (A. tomentosa. Casual. Broomhouse 1893).
A. ptarmica SNEEZEWORT. Widespread.
Tripleurospermum inodorum SCENTLESS MAYWEED. Common.
Var. salinum is occasional on the coast.
Matricaria recutita SCENTED MAYWEED. Scattered, apparently
increasing. Redpath, Gordon, Haigsfield. First recorded
1872 at Eden Hall and Lochton but not again until 1950.
* M. matricarioides PINEAPPLEWEED. Very common. First record 1952
but throughout the county by 1956.
Chrysanthemum segetum CORN MARIGOLD. Rare, formerly local.
Abundantly near Coldingham 1980+, Newton Don 1981.
Abundantly near Lamberton 1972.
Leucanthemum vulgare (= Chrysanthemum leucanthemum) OXEYE
DAISY. Widespread.
* Tanacetum parthenium (= Chrysanthemum _ parthenium)
FEVERFEW. Widespread, mainly near habitation.
T. vulgare (= C. vulgare) TANSY. Frequent on banks by the Whiteadder
and Tweed.
* Cotula squalida. Lawn weed at Chapel-on-Leader 1962.
52
Artemisia vulgaris MUGWORT. Widespread, but more frequent near
the coast. Not plentiful.
(A. absinthium WORMWOOD. Perhaps extinct. Burnmouth to 1956,
Dunglass Farm 1956).
A. maritima SEA WORMWOOD. Rare on sea stacs, unsuitable for
nesting seabirds, and shingle nearby. St. Abbs Head, St.
Helens Church.
Echinopsspp. GLOBE-THISTLE. Occasionally established from garden
throwouts. The taxa involved have not been studied but are
unlikely to be E. sphaerocephalus, as recorded.
Carlina vulgaris CARLINETHISTLE. Scarce onsea braes over califerous
sandstone from Lamberton to Burnmouth. (Formerly on the
banks of the Ale and near Earnsheugh Camp).
Arctium minus LESSER BURDOCK. Widespread. ssp. nemorosum is
widespread, Evidence of other sspp is unsatisfactory.
Carduus tenuiflorus SLENDER THISTLE. Frequent near the sea and
by the lower Tweed and Whiteadder. St. Abbs Head,
Fishwick Mains, Foulden.
(C.nutans MUSK THISTLE. Extinctexceptasa scarce casual. Burnmouth
1960).
C. acanthoides WELTED THISTLE. Scattered.
Cirsium vulgare SPEAR THISTLE. Common.
C. palustre MARSH THISTLE. Common.
C. arvense CREEPING THISTLE. Common.
C. helenioides (= C. heterophyllum) MELANCHOLY THISTLE. Rare.
Gordon Moss, Birgham Wood, East Crook Burn, Blacksmill
Burn, Kettleshiel Burn.
Silybum marianum MILK THISTLE. Established near habitation, more
rarely than formerly. Coast south of St. Abbs 1977.
(Onopordumacanthium COTTON THISTLE. Rare. Coldstream 1957).
Centaurea scabiosa GREATERKNAPWEED. Whiteadder near Blanerne
1962.
(C. cyanus CORNFLOWER. Recent records have been garden escapes.
Formerly widespread in cornfields but scarce by 1836, last
records 1931).
C. nigra COMMON KNAPWEED. Common.
Cichorium intybus CHICORY. Occasional escape. Birgham 1962, near
Linkim Shore 1951.
Lapsana communis NIPPLEWORT. Common. Constant in ancient
woodland as well as being plentiful as a ruderal and arable
weed.
_ Hypochaeris radicata CAT’S-EAR. Common.
Leontodon autumnalis AUTUMN HAWKBIT. Common. Often forms
a yellow border to roadsides in autumn as Taraxacum does
in spring.
53)
L. hispidus ROUGH HAWKBIT. Widespread.
L. taraxacoides LESSERHAWKBIT. Burnmouth 1970. Perhaps under-
recorded.
* (Picris echiodes BRISTLY OXTONGUE. Casual, a seed impurity.
Gavinton 1983, Chirnside 1972).
Tragopogon pratensis GOAT’S-BEARD. ‘Twosubspecies have occurred:
(T. pratensis ssp. pratensis. Banks of Tweed and near Eccles
1845).
T. pratensis ssp.minor. Scattered, usually scarce. Rabbits consider
it a delicacy.
Lactuca virosa GREAT LETTUCE. Considered native. Coldstream,
Blount Bank, New Ladykirk, formerly more frequent.
Mycelis muralis WALL LETTUCE. Local. Mainly on old walls.
Sonchus arvensis PERENNIAL SOW-THISTLE. Widespread, but scarce
except near the coast.
S. oleraceus SMOOTH SOW-THISTLE. Widespread. Scarce as an
arable weed but more frequent in gardens and ruderal
habitats.
S. asper PRICKLY SOW-THISTLE. Common. Sea braes and banks
near rivers as well as an arable weed.
* Cicerbita macrophylla BLUE SOW-THISTLE. Scattered, increasing.
First records 1960.
Hieracium murorum HAWKWEED. The microspecies H. vulgatum is
widespread. In addition records for the following microspecies
are accepted by D. McCosh 1990
H. ampliatum. Whalplaw Burn * H. grandidens. Newton Don 1970.
H. argenteum. Hareheugh Craigs H. leyi. Hareheugh Craigs
+ H. auratiflorum. Burnmouth H. oistophyllum. Greenlaw Dean
t+ H. britanniciforme. Burnmouth H. orimeles. Burnmouth
H. caesiomorum. Burnmouth + H. riddelsdellii. Burnmouth
H. caledonicum. Brotherstone H. rubiginosum. Allanton
H. cravoniense. Longformacus H. schmidtii. Dowlaw Dean
H. dasythrix. Burnmouth H. subcrocatum. Lumsdaine
H. dicella. Burnmouth H. subrude. Lamberton
(H. prenanthoides. Redpath Dean) (H. vagum. Coldstream)
(H. umbellatum. Penmanshiel)
t+ The populations referred to these taxa may relate to undescribed taxa
H. pilosella (= Pilosella officinarum) MOUSE-EAR HAWKWEED.
Common.
* H. aurantiacum (agg.) FOX-AND-CUBS. Occasional. First record 1832.
Crepis mollis NORTHERN HAWK’S-BEARD. No record since 1924
but recent experience in Northumberland and Roxburghshire
suggests that it will be re-found. (Formerly Langton Wood,
Blackburnrig Dean, Edgarhope, Penmanshiel Wood, above
Longformacus, near Coldingham, Ale Water).
C. capillaris SMOOTH HAWK’S-BEARD. Widespread.
54
C. paludosa MARSH HAWK’S-BEARD. Widespread but rather local in
base rich flushes.
Taraxacum officinale DANDELION. Common. The following
microspecies were recorded at meetings led by A. J. Richards
in 1979 and by C. C. Haworth in 1986. Only a sample of
habitats was visited. Nomenclature follows a provisional list
prepared and used by C. C. Haworth in 1986, annotated A.
J. Richards 1990.
section Erythrosperma dry banks section Ruderalia
T. brachyglossum Pease Bay T. alatum
T. fulviforme St. Abbs Head T. ancistrolobum
T. fulvum Bluestoneford * T.angustisquameum A\1,Reston
T. lacistophyllum St. Abbs Head T. cordatum
T. oxoniense St. Abbs Head T. croceiflorum
T. rubicundum St. Abbs Head T. cyanolepis
T. sublaetum Pease Bay T. dahlstedtii frequent
section Spectabilia * T. dilaceratum A1, Reston
T. faeroense wet hill pasture T. ekmanii
section Naevosa T. expallidiforme frequent
T. euryphyllum frequent T. fasciatum
T. fulvicarpum T. hemicyclum
T. maculosum frequent T. huelphersianum
T. pseudolarssonii frequent T. insigne frequent
T. subnaevosum T. interveniens
section Celtica T. laciniosifrons
T. bracteatum T. laeticolor
T. gelertii * T. laticordatum A1, Reston
T. inane T. linguatum
T. nordstedii frequent T. longisquameum
T. duplidentifrons common T. obliquilobum
T. subbracteatum T. oblongatum
T. unguilobum common T. ochrochlorum
section Hamata T. pannucium
T. atactum frequent T. piceatum
T. hamatiforme T. polyodon common
T. hamatum frequent T. rhamphodes
T. hamiferum * T. stereodes A1, Reston
T. kernianum T. sublaeticolor
T. lamprophyllum T. undulatiflorum
T. pseudohamatum common x T. vastisectum A1, Reston
T. quadrans
T. subhamatum frequent
MONOCOTYLEDONES
ALISMATACEAE
(Baldellia ranunculoides LESSER WATER-PLANTAIN. Considered
extinct. Kirkbonny near Foulden 1915, Harkers Tile Works
1902, St. Abbs Head 1896, Lintlaw 1853, Lithtillum Loch
1853).
55
Alisma plantago-aquatica WATER-PLANTAIN. Scattered.
(Sagittaria sagittifolia ARROW-HEAD. Considered extinct. St. Abbs
Head 1896, six years before the dam was built at Mire Loch).
BUTOMACEAE
Butomus umbellatus FLOWERING-RUSH. Locally frequent along the
Blackadder below Greenlaw and the lower Whiteadder, also
along the weed below Lochton. First record 1958.
HYDROCHARITACEAE
Elodea canadensis CANADIAN WATERWEED. Widespread, but
decreasing in abundance. Tweed, Whiteadder and Blackadder
also various ponds. First record Hen Poo 1842, spreading
rapidly to the Whiteadder.
JUNCAGINACEAE
Triglochin palustris MARSH ARROWGRASS. Widespread, mainly in
the hills.
T. maritima SEA ARROWGRASS. Locally on the coast, Coldingham Bay,
Linkim Shore.
POTAMOGETONACEAE
Potamogeton natans BROAD-LEAVED PONDWEED. § Scattered,
mainly lowland.
P. polygonifolius BOG PONDWEED. Occasional, more upland than
P. natans.
(P. coloratus FEN PONDWEED. Considered extinct. Gordon Moss
1916, Fernyrig Bog 1853).
P. lucens SHINING PONDWEED. Very locally plentiful. Tweed from
Coldstream to Union Bridge.
P. lucens x perfoliatus (= P. x salicifolius). In similar places to P. lucens.
Tweed from Lochton to Union Bridge.
(P. gramineus VARIOUS-LEAVED PONDWEED. Perhaps extinct.
Coldingham Loch 1906, Fernyrig Bog 1829).
(P. gramineus x perfoliatus (=P. xnitens). Status uncertain. Coldingham
Loch 1933)
(P. alpinus RED PONDWEED. Considered extinct. Eden Water and
adjacent ditches, Gordon Moss, near Hume Castle. Last
record 1882).
P. alpinus x crispus (= P. x olivaceus). Scarce. Tweed, lower Whiteadder,
lower Blackadder, (Leet Water at Castlelaw 1831).
(P. praelongus LONG-STALKED PONDWEED. Considered extinct.
Eden Water at Gordon Moss 1880, Tweed at Birgham and
Union Bridge 1854).
P. perfoliatus PERFOLIATE PONDWEED. Very locally plentiful. In
similar places to P. lucens. Tweed from Coldstream to Union
Bridge, lower Whiteadder, Eden Water, Coldingham Loch.
56
P. pusillus LESSER PONDWEED. Scarce. Tweed from Lochton to
Union Bridge, lower Whiteadder, lower Blackadder,
Cammerlaws 1989, Millars Moss 1981, Mire Loch 1978.
Earlier records may relate in part to P. berchtoldit.
(P. obtusifolius BLUNT-LEAVED PONDWEED. Perhaps extinct. Pease
Burn 1960, Gordon Moss 1916).
P. berchtoldii SMALL PONDWEED. Quite widespread. Tweed,
Whiteadder, Blackadder, Eye Water, Pease Burn. Not
recognised as a species in C19.
P. crispus CURLED PONDWEED. Quite widespread, penetrating into
the hills.
P. crispus x perfoliatus (= P. x cooperi). Very local. Whiteadder from
Chirnside to Paxton, Lower Blackadder.
(P. filiformis SLENDER-LEAVED PONDWEED. Status uncertain.
Coldingham Loch to 1933. Millars Moss 1960).
P. filiformis x pectinatus (= P. x suecicus). “Tweed from Tillmouth to
Union Bridge.
P. pectinatus FENNEL PONDWEED. Locally frequent. Tweed from
Fireburn Mill to Union Bridge, Lumsdaine Pond,
Cammerlaws.
ZANNICHELLIACEAE
Zannichellia palustris HORNED PONDWEED. Scarce and erratic.
Tweed, lower Whiteadder, lower Blackadder, Eden and Leet
waters. Mire Loch 1977, mouth of Langton Burn 1960.
LILIACEAE
Narthecium ossifragum BOG ASPHODEL. Apparently restricted to
raised bogs. Dogden Moss, Long Moss, Drone Moss,
Gordon Moss, Lurgie Loch, Longmuir Moss.
(Polygonatum odoratum ANGULAR SOLOMON’S-SEAL. Possibly
formerly native in Craig’s Walls Wood, Edrom to 1873).
P. multiflorum x odoratum (= P. x hybridum). Garden escape, Eccles
1988, West Blanerne 1984.
Ruscus aculeatus BUTCHER’S-BROOM. Introduction in policy
woodlands. Langton, The Hirsel.
(Lilium martagon MARTAGON LILLY. Status uncertain. Formerly
naturalised at Bemersyde 1873 and Thirlestane Castle
1902).
L. pyrenaicum PYRENEAN LILLY. Garden escape. Wood at Gavinton
1965.
_Tulipa sylvestris WILD TULIP. Plentifully naturalised at Netherbyres
by 1831 and Hassington by 1853. Less so in a few other
policies.
((Gagea lutea YELLOW STAR-OF-BETHLEHEM. No record.
Considered absent) ).
Sy)
* Ornithogalum umbellatum STAR-OF-BETHLEHEM. Scattered
escape.
* (Ornithogalum nutans DROOPING STAR-OF-BETHLEHEM. Escape.
Allanton 1886).
Scilla verna SPRING SQUILL. A single colony at Gunsgreen, flowering
in June.
* S.liliohyacinthoides. Naturalised at Longformacus House and Dryburgh
Abbey.
Hyacinthoides non-scripa (= Endymion non-scriptus) BLUEBELL, WILD
HYACINTH. Surprisingly local. Abundant at several places
on the coast. Dowlaw Dean, Pease Dean, Old Cambus
Quarry. Also at Gledswood, Duns Castle. Scarce in woods
by Whiteadder.
* H. hispanica (= E. hispanicus) SPANISH BLUEBELL. Naturalised in
several places, some of the “Atlas” records for H. non-scripta
probably belong here. The Hirsel.
* H. hispanica x non-scripta. The Hirsel 1983, Old Churchyard
Magdalenehall 1982.
Allium scorodoprasum SAND LEEK. Rare. English Border, Paxton
1984, Union Bridge 1950.
A. vineale WILD ONION. Very local. Opposite Carham 1984
(var. compactum) Dowlaw Dean 1963, near Burnmouth
1960.
(A. oleraceum FIELD GARLIC. Perhaps extinct. Lumsdaine Dean 1853,
Netherbyres 1831).
(A. schoenoprasum CHIVES. Considered extinct. “In a park on a mount
near Fast Castle” 1765, John Hope. By Fast Castle 1777, Dr.
Parsons).
* A. paradoxum FEW-FLOWERED LEEK, PLASTIC GRASS.
Widespread and increasing rapidly. Colonising woodland,
roadsides and river banks. A pernicious garden weed. First
record 1947.
A. ursinum RAMSONS. Locally abundant in ancient elm woods. Pease
Dean, Dunglass Dean, Clarabad Wood, Langton.
TRILLIACEAE
((Paris quadrifolia HERB-PARIS. No record. Considered absent)).
JUNCACEAE
Juncus squarrosus HEATH RUSH. Common on moorland.
* (J. tenuis SLENDER RUSH. No record. On distributional grounds the
arrival of this species is overdue)).
J. gerardii SALTMARSH RUSH. Linkim Shore, Reed Point.
J. bufonius (agg.) TOAD RUSH. One segregate only is known:
J. bufonius. Common.
J. inflexus HARD RUSH. Widespread, mainly lowland.
58
. effusus SOFT RUSH. Common.
. conglomeratus COMPACT RUSH. Widespread, mainly upland.
. maritimus SEA RUSH. Salt marsh at Reed Point.
. acutiflorus SHARP-FLOWERED RUSH. Locally common.
. articulatus JOINT ED RUSH. Common.
. bulbosus (incl. J. kochii) BULBOUS RUSH. Scarce. Such material as
has been critically examined corresponds to 7. kochii.
Luzula pilosa HAIRY WOOD-RUSH. Widespread. Woods and grassy
or moorland banks thought to have been formerly wooded.
L. sylvatica GREAT WOOD-RUSH. Widespread. Often indicating at
least former oak and birchwood but also on sea braes and
moorland banks.
(L. nivea SNOW-WHITE WOOD-RUSH. Introduction. Three former
localities, one near Duns, 1902).
L. campestris FIELD WOOD-RUSH. Common.
L. multiflora HEATH WOOD-RUSH. Widespread, mainly moorland.
Two subspecies, multiflora and congesta, occur, but have not
been distinguished.
SS ee |
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Galanthus nivalis SNOWDROP. Sometimes well naturalised. Cumledge.
Narcissus spp. DAFFODIL. Various species and varieties are planted
widely, sometimes in the most incongruous places. Naturalised
extensively in policies. Cast up on river banks.
IRIDACEAE
Iris pseudacorus YELLOW IRIS. Widespread, but becoming more local.
DIOSCOREACEAE
(Tamus communis BLACK BRYONY. Casual. Kimmerghame and near
Duns 1931).
ORCHIDACEAE
(Epipactis palustris MARSH HELLEBORINE. Considered extinct.
Lamberton and Coldingham Moors to 1853. Old Lamberton
Toll to 1829).
E. helleborine BROAD-LEAVED HELLEBORINE. | Very localand scarce.
Thirlestane Castle 1980, Longformacus 1963, Danderhall
1960, Hirsel Law and Skaithmuir 1957. Formerly more
widespread. Perhaps overlooked since.
Listera ovata COMMON TWAYBLADE. Scattered. Gordon Moss.
Foulden Burn.
L.cordata LESSER TWAYBLADE. Localand scarce but often overlooked.
Crib Law, Dye Water Cleughs, Long Moss.
Neottia nidus-avis BIRD’S-NEST ORCHID. Rare. Ale Water 1985,
Gavinton 1961, Cuddy Wood 1953, Silverwells 1952.
59
Goodyera repens CREEPING LADY’S-TRESSES. Perhaps an
unintentional re-introduction re-established in pine plantations
often on the site of former native pine woods. No recent
record but may re-occur as replanted pines mature. Mellerstain
1869-1956, Hirsel Law 1956, Skaithmuir 1956. (Temporarily
established at six other places 1861-1891).
Corallorhiza trifida CORALROOT ORCHID. Very local and sporadic
in abundance. Gordon Moss, Long Moss, Lurgie Loch,
Silverwells, Redpath Moss.
(Coeloglossum viride FROG ORCHID. Perhaps extinct. Longformacus
1947 (probably Crook Burn). Formerly scattered. Coldingham
Loch, Redheugh, Muircleugh)
Gymnadenia conopsea FRAGRANT ORCHID. Very local and
decreasing. Lumsdaine 1988, Edrington 1979 (St. Abbs
Head 1977), Burnmouth 1963, Fleurs Dean 1960, Dronshiel
Moor 1956.
(Pseudorchis albida (= Leucorchis albida) SMALL-WHITE ORCHID.
Considered extinct. Langtonlees Cleugh 1867).
(Platanthera chlorantha GREATER BUTTERFLY-ORCHID.
Considered extinct. Coldingham Loch, Houndwood,
Edingtonhill Moor, Langtonlees Cleugh to 1916).
P. bifolia LESSER BUTTERFLY-ORCHID. Very local. Gordon Moss,
plentiful, Long Moss. (Byrecleuch 1956). Formerly more
widespread.
Orchis mascula EARLY-PURPLE ORCHID. Locally plentiful on the
sea braes. Very local and scarce inland. Gunsgreen,
Burnmouth, St. Abbs Head, Pease Dean, Gavinton, Foulden,
Clarabad.
Dactylorhiza fuchsii COMMON SPOTTED-ORCHID. Widespread.
D. fuchsii x purpurella (= D. x venusta). Occasional.
D. maculata ssp. ericetorum HEATH SPOTTED-ORCHID.
Widespread in moorland.
D. maculata x purpurella (= D. x formosa). Occasional. Gordon Moss.
D. incarnata ssp. incarnata EARLY MARSH-ORCHID. Local and
decreasing. The base rich flushes in which it occurs are easily
destroyed by minor drainage work. Coldingham Moor,
Lamberton Moor, Greenlaw Dean, Gordon Moss, Lurgie
Loch.
D. purpurella NORTHERN MARSH-ORCHID. Widespread and locally
plentiful. Constant in form in the west but variable in the east
and sometimes close to D. praetermissa.
The Dactylorhiza ssp. are present in great plenty and diversity at Gordon
Moss where all our species of this genus are represented and hybrids are
frequent due to the proximity of the species and the history of change
and disturbance to the habitat.
(Anacamptis pyramidalis PYRAMIDAL ORCHID. _ Considered extinct.
Whitehall 1886).
60
ARACEAE
Acorus calamus SWEET-FLAG. Local but increasing by the Tweed and
Whiteadder. Hen Poo. First record Foulden Pond 1874.
Arum maculatum LORDS-AND-LADIES. Scattered in woodland,
increasing. Most of the populations appear to be centred on
policy woodland where it was originally introduced. Blanerne,
Duns, Longformacus.
LEMNACEAE
Lemna trisulca IVY-LEAVED DUCKWEED. Local. Gordon Moss,
Hen Poo.
L. minor COMMON DUCKWEED. Widespread.
SPARGANIACEAE
Sparganium erectum BRANCHED BUR-REED. Widespread. The
subspecies have not been studied.
S. emersum UNBRANCHED BUR-REED. Local and scarce. Eden
water near Gordon, Upper Blackadder Water, Bemersyde
Moss, Mordington Pond.
(S. minimum LEAST BUR-REED. Perhaps now extinct. Gordon Moss
1981, Northfield 1914, Coldingham Loch 1914).
TYPHACEAE
Typha latifolia BULRUSH. (Formerly locally abundant in mires as at
Billie Mire). Still at Bemersyde Moss and Lithtillum Loch.
Also as an introduction to ponds. St. Abbs Head, Hen Poo,
Greenknowe.
T. angustifolia LESSER BULRUSH. Hen Poo. First record 1893.
CYPERACEAE
Eriophorum angustifolium COMMON COTTONGRASS. Widespread
in moorland and mosses.
E. latifolium BROAD-LEAVED COTTONGRASS. Lumsdaine 1988
(Old Lamberton Toll and Lamberton Moor 1829).
E. vaginatum HARE’S-TAIL COTTONGRASS. Locally dominant in
moorland and mosses. Dogden Moss, Gordon Moss.
Trichophorum cespitosum ssp germanicum (= Scirpus cespitosus)
DEERGRASS. Frequent on peaty moorland.
Eleocharis quinqueflora FEW-FLOWERED SPIKE-RUSH. Local and
g scarce in base rich flushes. Greenlaw Moor, Watch Water,
Coldingham Moor, near Linkim Shore.
(E. multicaulis MANY-STALKED SPIKE-RUSH. Considered extinct.
One Berwickshire specimen, believed gathered in the parish
of Bunkle 1853).
E. palustris COMMON SPIKE-RUSH. Widespread.
Scirpus sylvaticus WOOD CLUB-RUSH. Frequent by the Tweed,
Whiteadder. Blackadder and Leet water.
61
Blysmus compressus FLAT-SEDGE. Greenlaw Moor in several places.
(formerly in wet places on the Whiteadder haughs near
Clarabad and at Thirlestane Castle).
B. rufus SALTMARSH FLAT-SEDGE. Saltmarsh at Reed Point.
Schoenoplectus lacustris (= Scirpus lacustris) COMMON CLUB-
RUSH. Very local. Blackadder at Nisbet Bridge, Whiteadder
at Clarabad and Hutton, Leet at Wylie Cleugh, Hen Poo.
Isolepis setacea (= Scirpus setaceus) BRISTLE CLUB-RUSH. Rather
local and scarce in moorland edges. Greenlaw Moor,
Dronshiel, Whalplaw Burn, Lamberton Moor, Horndean
Burn.
(Eleogiton fluitans (= Scirpus fluitans) FLOATING CLUB-
RUSH. Considered extinct. Dowlaw Moss 1854,
Penmanshiel Moss 1853).
Schoenus nigricans BLACK BOG-RUSH. Rare. Gunsgreen 1981,
Lamberton Moor 1979, (formerly more frequent near the
coast).
(Cladium mariscus GREAT FEN-SEDGE. Considered extinct. Lithtllum
Loch 1853).
Carex laevigata SMOOTH-STALKED SEDGE. No recent record but
probably overlooked in Penmanshiel and Hoprigshiel Wood.
(Corsbie Bog 1892, Gordon Bogs 1869).
C. distans DISTANT SEDGE. Localand scarce on the coast. Gunsgreen
1981, St. Abbs Head 1969.
C. hostiana TAWNY SEDGE. Local but quite widespread in basic
flushes in moorland.
C. binervis GREEN-RIBBED SEDGE. Widespread on moorland.
C. lepidocarpa LONG-STALKED YELLOW-SEDGE. Local but quite
widespread in basic flushes in moorland and on the coast.
C. demissa COMMON YELLOW-SEDGE. Widespread but scarce on
moorland.
C. extensa LONG-BRACTED SEDGE. Saltmarsh at Reed Point and
Linkim Shore.
C. sylvatica WOOD-SEDGE. Widespread but local. Beside tracks in
woodland.
C. rostrata BOTTLESEDGE. Widespread.
C. rostrata xX vesicaria (= C. x involuta). Bemersyde Moss 1978.
C. vesicaria BLADDER-SEDGE. Bemersyde Moss, Whitehall Pond,
Eccles Pools.
C. riparia GREATER POND-SEDGE. Local. Bishops Bog, Eccles Pools,
Birgham Wood, Wylie Cleugh, The Hirsel.
C. acutiformis LESSER POND-SEDGE. Very locally frequent. Banks
below Allanton, Lithtillum Loch, Leet Water at The Hirsel.
. pendula PENDULOUS SEDGE. Dunglass Dean, coastal flushes near
Lamberton. Introduced at Milne Graden.
2)
62
(C. pallescens PALE SEDGE. Perhaps extinct, formerly rare. Gordon
Moss 1880, Hoprigshiels and Blackburnrig Wood 1853).
C. panicea CARNATION SEDGE. Common.
C. limosa BOG-SEDGE. Brotherstone Hill 1989, (Lurgie Loch 1916).
C. flacca GLAUCOUS SEDGE. Widespread. Especially frequent on the
sea braes.
C. hirta HAIRY SEDGE. Scattered, mainly lowland.
C. lasiocarpa SLENDER SEDGE. Lurgie Loch 1980.
C. pilulifera PILL SEDGE. Widespread, mainly upland.
C
. caryophyllea SPRING-SEDGE. Local but quite widespread on basic
rock outcrops.
. acuta SLENDER TUFTED-SEDGE. Tweed at Paxton, Fishwick
Mains and Dryburgh.
(C. aquatilis WATERSEDGE. Considered extinct. Tweed near Norham
1916, Gordon Moss 1915).
C. nigra COMMON SEDGE. Common.
C. paniculata GREATER TUSSOCK-SEDGE. Local. Gordon Moss
plentiful. Longmuir Moss, Lurgie Loch.
C. diandra LESSER TUSSOCK-SEDGE. Longmuir Moss, (Stuartslaw
Pond 1893, Allanton Banks 1869, Broad Bog 1853).
C. otrubae FALSE FOX-SEDGE. Scattered along the coast. Lithtilum
Loch.
C. disticha BROWN SEDGE. Widespread and locally plentiful.
C. arenaria SAND SEDGE. Linkim Shore, Coldingham Bay, St. Abbs
Head.
C. divulsassp.leersii GREYSEDGE. Thirlestane Castle 1975 (“Gathered
once when coming from Innerwick, by the side of the Water
Eye” 1893).
(C. spicata SPIKED SEDGE. Considered extinct. Blackburnrig 1916).
C. muricata PRICKLY SEDGE.
(C. muricata ssp. muricata. Considered extinct. Thirlestane Castle
1878).
C. muricata ssp. lamprocarpa. Hareheugh Craigs 1987, Pease
Dean 1956, Allanton 1956.
C. echinata STAR SEDGE. Widespread, mainly upland.
C.remota REMOTESEDGE. Very local. In ancient alder woods. Paxton,
: Langtonlees Cleugh, Retreat, Pease Dean.
C. curta WHITE SEDGE. Raised mosses and smaller areas of peat.
Dogden Moss, Jordanlaw Moss, Gordon Moss, Redpath
Moss.
C. ovalis OVAL SEDGE. Widespread in poor grassland, mainly upland.
C. pulicaris FLEA SEDGE. Widespread in moorland in slightly basic
flushes.
OQ
63
C. dioica DIOECIOUS SEDGE. Very local and scarce in basic flushes in
moorland. Greenlaw Moor 1987, Lamberton Moor 1979,
Clints Hill 1985, Coldingham Moor 1981.
GRAMINEAE
Festuca pratensis MEADOW FESCUE. Widespread, but apparently
becoming scarce.
F. arundinacea TALL FESCUE. Widespread, but rather local.
F. gigantea GIANT FESCUE. Very locally plentiful indicating a link with
ancient woodland.
F. heterophylla VARIOUS-LEAVED FESCUE. Mellerstain 1980.
F. rubra RED FESCUE. Very common. A glaucous form is conspicuous
in coastal grassland. ‘The sub-species have not been studied.
F. ovina SHEEP’S-FESCUE. Widespread.
(F. vivipara VIVIPAROUS FESCUE. Considered extinct. Blackburn farm
1839).
F. tenuifolia FINE-LEAVED SHEEP’S-FESCUE. Fewrecords, but under-
recorded; in more heathy places than F. ovina, though
sometimes growing with it. Whalplaw Burn, Gordon Moss.
(F. pratensis x Lolium perenne (= x Festulolium loliaceum.) Allanton
1893, Cumledge Mill and Swinton 1892).
Lolium perenne RYE-GRASS. Extensively sown. Two subspecies occur
with varieties:
L. perenne ssp. perenne PERENNIAL RYE-GRASS. Common.
Native as well as introduced.
* L. perenne ssp. multiflorum I[TALIAN RYE-GRASS. Agricultural
relic.
Vulpia bromoides SQUIRRELTAIL FESCUE. Local, rocky outcrops
and ruderal. St. Abbs Head, Dowlaw Dean.
V. myuros RAT’°S-TAIL FESCUE. Coldingham 1953.
Desmazeria rigida (= Catapodium rigidum) FERN-GRASS. Scarce in
grassland. St. Abbs Head, Burnmouth, Lamberton Cliffs.
D. marina (= C. marinum) SEA FERN-GRASS. Scarce on coastal rocks.
St. Abbs Head, Burnmouth, Eyemouth.
Poa annua ANNUAL MEADOW-GRASS. Very common.
P. nemoralis WOOD MEADOW-GRASS. Locally plentiful in woods
and on walls, usually indicating a link with ancient woodland.
((P. compressa FLATTENED MEADOW-GRASS. Possible record on
garden wall at Swinton 1952, requires confirmation) ).
P. pratensis SMOOTH MEADOW-GRASS. Widespread, but much
confused with P. subcaerulea.
P. subcaerulea SPREADING MEADOW-GRASS. Widespread but
somewhat under-recorded.
P. trivialis ROUGH MEADOW-GRASS. Common.
64
* P. chaixii BROAD-LEAVED MEADOW-GRASS. | Established in policy
woodland. Chapel-on-Leader, Allanton Lodge. First record
1902.
Puccinellia maritima COMMON SALTMARSH-GRASS. Coastal,
frequent. Linkim Shore, Eyemouth, Reed Point.
P. distans (agg.) REFLEXED SALTMARSH-GRASS. Unknown
frequency. St. Abbs Head. (Roads near Swinton 1951).
Dactylis glomerata COCK’S-FOOT. Common, exceptin the hills. Native
and sown.
Cynosurus cristatus CRESTED DOG’S-TAIL. Common. Native but
also much sown.
Catabrosa aquatica WHORL-GRASS. Very local and sporadic. Gordon
Moss, Greenknowe ‘Tower, Everett Moss.
Briza media QUAKING-GRASS. Widespread.
* (B. maxima GREAT QUAKING-GRASS. Casual from cultivation.
Earlston 1956).
Melica uniflora WOOD MELICK. Very local, now scarce. Pease Dean,
Langtonlees Cleugh, Gateheugh.
M. nutans MOUNTAIN MELICK. Perhaps still at Gateheugh.
(Blackburnrig, Dunglass Dean, Langton Glen to 1931).
Glyceria fluitans FLOATING SWEET-GRASS. Widespread.
(G. fluitans x plicata (= G. x pedicellata). Unlocalised record 1850).
G. plicata PLICATE SWEET-GRASS. Widespread.
G. declinata SMALL SWEET-GRASS. Scattered, scarce.
G. maxima REED SWEET-GRASS. Tweed at Fishwick Mains 1987,
established (Lithtillum Loch and Newton Don 1956, perhaps
casual).
Bromus sterilis BARREN BROME. Widespread near the coast, but very
scarce inland.
* (B. diandrus GREAT BROME. Casual. Cumledge Mill 1892).
x B. erectus UPRIGHT BROME. Established, Lamberton railway 1980,
(Paxton 1951).
B. ramosus HAIRY-BROME. Locally plentiful in woods indicating a link
with ancient woodland.
B. hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus (= B. mollis) SOFT BROME. Widespread.
* B. lepidus SLENDER SOFT-BROME. Dowlaw Dean 1963, Blanerne
1962, Cheeklaw 1959.
(B. racemosus SMOOTH BROME. Considered extinct. Six scattered
records in arable fields to 1893).
* (B.secalinus RYEBROME. Considered extinct. “Cornfields throughout
Berwickshire” 1834).
Brachypodium sylvaticum FALSE BROME. Locally plentiful. Ancient
woodland and on banks in deans, formerly wooded. Sea
braes.
65
Leymus arenarius (= Elymus arenarius) LYME-GRASS. Cove Harbour,
Coldingham Bay.
Elymus caninus (= Agropyron caninum) BEARDED COUCH. Local
and scarce by rivers in woods. Mertoun Bridge 1967.
Langton Mill 1956.
E. repens (= A. repens) COMMON COUCH. Common. A bad weed of
arable fields.
E. farctus (= A. junceiforme) SAND COUCH. Pease Bay 1986, Linkim
Shore 1981, (near Dunglass 1853).
(Triticum aestivum WHEAT. Agricultural relic, not persisting for long).
Hordeum murinum WALL BARLEY. Locally plentiful about the coastal
villages.
H. jubatum FOXTAIL BARLEY. A68 near Soutra 1983.
(H. vulgare BARLEY. Agricultural relic, not persisting for long).
(Hordelymus europaeus WOOD BARLEY. Considered extinct. Pease
Dean 1885).
Avena fatua WILD OAT. Widespread but perhaps now scarce.
(A. sativa OAT. Agricultural relic, not persisting for long).
(A. strigosa BRISTLE OAT. Formerly a common impurity in upland
cereals, to 1874).
Avenula pratensis (= Helictotrichon pratense) MEADOW OAT-
GRASS. Local. Rocky grassland on the coast, scarce
inland. St. Abbs Head, Hareheugh Craigs, Greenlaw Dean.
A. pubescens (= H. pubescens) DOWNY OAT-GRASS. Local. Damp
grassland. Middlethird, Fangrist Burn.
Arrhenatherum elatius FALSEOAT-GRASS. Common where grassland
is not much grazed.
Koeleria macrantha CRESTED HAIR-GRASS. Local. Frequent in the
coastal grasslands as at St. Abbs Head. Scarce inland. Hume
Craigs, Whalplaw Burn.
Trisetum flavescens YELLOW OAT-GRASS. Widespread.
Deschampsia cespitosa TUFTED HAIR-GRASS. Common.
D. flexuosa WAVY HAIR-GRASS. Common. Dominantin dry places on
moorland.
Aira praecox EARLY HAIR-GRASS. Widespread.
A. caryophyllea SILVER HAIR-GRASS. Two sub-species occur:
A. caryophyllea ssp. caryophyllea. Scattered
* A.caryophylleassp. multiculmis. Local, especially near the railway.
First record 1979.
Anthoxanthum odoratum SWEET VERNAL-GRASS. Very common.
Holcus lanatus YORKSHIRE-FOG. Common.
H. mollis CREEPING SOFT-GRASS. Widespread. Often dominant on
sites of ancient oakwoods.
66
Agrostis canina (agg.) Widespread but scarce on moorland. Two species
are recognised but have not been separately recorded:
((A. canina (= A. canina ssp. canina) VELVET BENT)).
((A. vinealis (= A. canina ssp. montana) BROWN BENT)).
A. capillaris (= A. tenuis) COMMON BENT. Very common.
A. gigantea BLACK BENT. Duns Railway Station 1959.
A. stolonifera CREEPING BENT. Common.
Ammophila arenaria MARRAM. Pease Bay. Coldingham Bay where it
has been increased by planting to stablilise sand.
Phleum pratense CAT’S-TAIL. ‘Two subspecies occur:
P. pratense ssp. pratense TIMOTHY. Widespread. Native and
sown.
P. pratense ssp. bertolonii SMALLER CAT’S-TAIL. Widespread
in dry grassland.
((Alopecurus myosuroides BLACK-GRASS. Possible record Swinton
1951, requires confirmation) ).
A. pratensis MEADOW FOXTAIL. Widespread.
A. geniculatus MARSH FOXTAIL. Widespread.
Parapholis strigosa HARD-GRASS. Saltmarsh at Reed Point.
Phalaris arundinacea REED CANARY-GRASS. Widespread.
(P. canariensis CANARY-GRASS. Casual, Reston 1953).
Milium effusum WOOD MILLET. Penmanshiel Wood 1989, (Thirlestane
Castle, Bemersyde).
Phragmites australis (= P. communis) COMMON REED. _A few large
reed beds and some smaller colonies. Everett Moss, Bishops
Bog, Lurgie Loch, Gordon Moss, Linkim Shore.
Danthonia decumbens (= Sieglingia decumbens) HEATH-
GRASS. Widespread but in modest quantity.
Molinia caerulea PURPLE MOOR-GRASS. Widespread in the hills.
Two subspecies occur:
M. caerulea ssp. caerulea. Widespread.
M. caerulea ssp. altissima. Gordon Moss.
Nardus stricta MAT-GRASS. Locally dominant on moorland.
67
68
ADDENDUM
While this check-list has been with the printers the richness of the aquatic
flora of the River Tweed system has been further recognised by the naming
of a hybrid water-crowfoot after the town of Kelso. This hybrid and another
are now known to have occured in Berwickshire. Their present status in
Berwickshire is unknown but experience elsewhere indicates that they can
persist indefinitely by vegetative spread.
(Ranculus fluitans x peltatus (= R. x kelchoensis). Whiteadder near
Allanton 1841-86. The best herbarium specimens were
collected by A. Brotherston in the Teviot near Kelso,
Roxburghshire 1878 and the Latin epithet is derived from
the name Ordo Kelchoensis which was recorded in c. 1203
for Kelso).
(R. fluitans x trichophyllus or R. fluitans x aquatilis. (The two hybrids
are considered morphologically indistinguishable). Eye Water
1900).
Reference — Webster S. D. (1990) in Watsonia 18, 139-146.
BRYOPHYTES OF
BERWICKSHIRE VC81
DAG Kong:
AN OVER-VIEW OF THE
BRYOPHYTES
In comparison with many of the northern and western counties of
Scotland, Berwickshire does not have a very rich bryoflora, mainly
because of the low rainfall and absence of alpine habitats. Nevertheless,
in its position as the most south-eastern county, it has several distinctive
features of topography, geology and climate which combine to give its
bryoflora a unique and interesting flavour. The mild, relatively dry
climate, the presence of base-rich strata, and the striking topography of
the coast are particularly important, but other features such as the relict
mires, raised bogs and upland burns and ravines greatly supplement this
diversity.
Unlike the Flowering Plants and Ferns, the bryophytes are still poorly
known. This results both from lack of bryologists and from the inherent
nature of the plants: they are inconspicuous and often live in small
micro-habitats and can easily be overlooked. New additions to the flora
will therefore continue to be made with diligent field-work.
Even though many of the best bryological sites in Berwickshire have
been destroyed or degraded by agricultural improvement and changes
in forestry, pockets of richness have survived all over the county, usually
on a small scale. The low levels of aerial pollution have been a bonus,
and some species declining nationally are still widespread, e.g. Tortula
papillosa on old roadside trees in the Merse.
Only a few nationally rare species are recorded: Cephaloziella elachista,
Buxbaumia aphylla, Cynodontium tenellum, Dicranum undulatum, Tortula
princeps and Weissia tortilis are the best examples. Many nationally
scarce species occur. In a purely Scottish context the picture is quite
different: many species found in Berwickshire are very rare in Scotland,
in particular the ‘Mediterranean’ mosses characteristic of our sunny
calcareous sea banks: Desmatodon convolutus, Phascum curvicolle,
P. cuspidatum var. piliferum, Pottia crinita, P. recta, Pterygoneuron ovatum,
Rhynchostegium megapolitanum and Weissia tortilis. For the last this is the
only locality in Scotland, the nearest sites being in Surrey and
Gloucestershire.
Away from the coast, another southern species, Scleropodium cespitans,
is found all along the Tweed but has almost no other Scottish localities.
Significant too is the occurrence in Pease Dean of several ‘Atlantic’
69
species, virtually unknown elsewhere in the eastern half of Britain:
Cololejeunea rosettiana, Lejeunea lamacerina and Lophocolea fragrans.
Another oceanic but more northern plant recently discovered on the
Berwickshire coast is Isothecium myosuroides var. brachythecioides.
In contrast to the nearby Cheviot massif, Berwickshire has a poor
mountain flora, with only a few alpine species such as Cynodontium jennert,
Oligotrichum hercynicum and Polytrichum alpinum. From its glaciated
topography and underlying basic strata, the Merse would in ancient
times have contained numerous fens and mires. These habitats and their
characteristic bryophytes are now virtually extinct, and the remaining
relict fen and mire sites elsewhere (such as Longmuir Moss) are worthy
of a secure future. The fen species Homalothecium nitens, until recently
thought to be extinct in the county, has now been discovered in a new
remote site in the Lammermuirs.
Although luxuriance of bryophyte growth in Berwickshire is often low
in comparison to that in western districts, (except in humid habitats such
as Pease and Dunglass Deans), bryophytes are still of great ecological
significance in the county. In some habitats, for example raised bogs,
they constitute the dominant part of the vegetation. In others, such as
grassland, they are major components. In woodlands they often form a
ground layer covering soil, rocks, stumps, logs and tree trunks. In all
their habitats they are important in absorbing and retaining water, to be
shared with other plants and animals, and in their physical role as shelter
for a myriad invertebrates which in turn provide food for other
organisms. Even on arable land and waste ground, weedy species quickly
come in and stabilise the substrate and form the first step in colonisation.
Important Berwickshire bryophyte habitats
Coastal Rocks and Banks
The Berwickshire coast is one of the county’s greatest natural assets and
probably the least man-modified tract of land. Where the rocks are basic,
the bryoflora is richest, particularly on sunny exposed banks as at
Burnmouth, Siccar Point and Cove where rarities such as Prerygoneuron
ovatum, Rhynchostegium megapolitanumand Phascum curvicolle are present.
Where springs and flushes occur on the coast deposits of tufa are
conspicuous, often with lush growth of Cratoneuron commutatum and
Gymnostomum recurvirostrum as at Linkim shore. The cliffs themselves
are less hospitable, except where dissected by shady gullies as at
Earnsheugh and Heathery Carr where Bryum elegans and Tortella tortuosa
have been found. At the mouth of Dowlaw Dean the cascade provides
moisture for many damp rock species including Eurhynchium speciosum
and Rhynchostegiella teesdalei. Drier cliffs above the Mire Loch at St
Abbs Head support both Porella obtusata and Pterogonium gracile.
70
Grassland
In general grasslands are of low bryological diversity and interest,
particularly in the acid uplands. ‘Those on basic soils are richer, but local
in an untouched state. Common, often conspicuous species such as
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus and R. triquetrus predominate, with occasional
rarities such as Thuzdium philibertu at Foulden Dean and by the Blackadder
near Greenlaw. Coastal dune grasslands are almost absent, except at
Pease Bay and Coldingham Sands where Tortula ruralis ssp. ruraliformis
is almost the only characteristic dune species.
Woodland
Woodlands are a very important habitat for mosses and liverworts,
especially broad-leaved woods where humidity is maintained but shade
is provided in summer. Conifer plantations are almost barren, except for
a few opportunists like Plagiothecium curvifohum and Orthodontium lineare.
Lowland woods have occasional rarities on soil such as Fisszdens exilis
and Pohlia lutescens but the dense growth of higher plants swamps the
bryophytes. Only on the steeper wooded banks of the rivers and deans
do the bryophytes gain a good hold, especially on calcareous substrates.
Lowland wooded river banks (as on the Tweed and Whiteadder near
Paxton) support species such as Anomodon viticulosus, Cirriphyllum
piliferum, Eurhynchium pumilum, Homalia trichomanoides, Pohlia carnea
and Plagiochila asplenioides. Epiphytes such as Frullania dilatata, Radula
complanata and Ulota bruchi are common, while on old elders
Amblystegium serpens, Bryum flaccidum, Orthotrichum pulchellum and
Metzgeria fruticulosa are frequent. Pylaisia polyantha is a local speciality
on trees in damp woods, probably more frequent in the Tweed valley
than any other part of Britain.
‘The deeper deans such as Dunglass Dean, ‘Tower Dean and Foulden
Dean are even richer with their higher humidity. Pease Dean is the best
with an outstanding bryoflora including Cololejeunea rosettiana, Lejeunea
lamacerina, Lophocolea fragrans, Eurhynchium schleicheri, E. swartzi var.
rigidum and Heterocladium heteropterum. In the west of the county the
‘Tweed and Leader have some fine wooded stretches; at Chapel-on-
Leader the rare oceanic species Metzgeria temperata grows on birch.
Ancient oak woods are not rich in species, but Leucobryum glaucum
forms attractive hummocks in Aikyside Wood. Dicranum montanum and
Plagiothecium latebricola formerly grew in woods now destroyed near
Grantshouse. Like the oak woods, birch woods have greatly declined
due to grazing and consequent lack of regeneration (as at Airhouse
Wood) or recent clearing for agriculture (as at Bunkle Wood). In the
latter wood Prilium crista-castrensis, probably now extinct in Berwickshire,
formerly grew. These few relict fragments are genetic islands of the
71
ancient Berwickshire forest and demand sympathetic management for
their interest to continue. The upland ravine woodlands with birch,
rowan and hazel are also threatened but have in general fared better; they
are also richer in bryophytes. Langtonlees Cleugh is one of the best with
Hookeria lucens, Hypnum mammillatum, Plagiothecium cavifolium,
Taxiphyllum wissgrillu, and Ulota drummondi, although Bazzania trilobata
is now extinct. In these upland woods rotten logs and stumps are an
important substrate supporting Cephalozia lunulifolia, Lepidozia reptans,
Nowellia curvifolia and Tetraphis pellucida.
Old roadside trees are a striking but disappearing feature of the
Berwickshire landscape. ‘These trees have charcteristic epiphytes notably
Tortula laevipila and T. papillosa, both common and more rarely
Anutrichia curtipendula at Mellerstain, Tortula virescens at Hume and
Leucodon sciuroides at Polwarth Church and Greenknowe Tower.
Rivers
The long open lowland stretches of the Tweed, Whiteadder and
Blackadder are aggressively dominated by flowering plants. Bryophytes
gain a good foothold only on rocky stretches and in shade of trees. The
only truly aquatic species is Fontinalis antipyretica but Cinclidotus
fontinaloides and Fissidens crassipes grow on rocks subject to regular
submergence. Silty rocks and logs just above the water level are an
important habitat with Amblystegium riparium, Barbula nicholsonit, Leskea
polycarpa, Orthotrichum cupulatum var. riparium, Oxystegus sinuosus,
Scleropodium cespitans and Tortula latifolia typical in many sites.
‘The most interesting riverside moss is an enigmatic species recently
identified by ‘T’.L. Blockeel as Hennediella macrophylla R.Brown ter., a
New Zealand moss known in Europe only from the Tweed and Thames
basins. In Scotland it was first discovered near Innerleithen in 1978 and
later described as Tortula brevis Whitehouse & Newton. It is now known
in Berwickshire at Dryburgh, Birgham and ‘T'weedhill and on the Eden
Water. It grows on compacted soil particularly on fisherman’s paths and
is clearly a recent incomer.
‘Towards the hills riverbanks are more rocky with several fine sites,
notably on the Whiteadder near Elba and Hoardweel, where the
marginal rocks have several rarities: Grimmia hartmann, G. ovalis,
G. retracta, Jungermannia paroica and Scapania subalpina. Nearby the
aquatic species Hygrohypnum eugyriums recorded in its only Berwickshire
locality. Semi-aquatics are more numerous in the hills with several
common species and a few rarities such as Fungermanmia exsertifolia ssp.
cordifola on the Blythe Water and Grimmia hartmaniu on the Dye at
Longformacus.
72
Wetlands
Open tracts of water have virtually no bryophytes and marginal species
are few, usually swamped by higher plants. Reservoirs often have a
fluctuating margin which permits seasonal colonisation; the Watch
Water Reservoir in favourable seasons has produced Atrichum tenellum,
Ephemerum serratum and Fossombronia wondraczeki1.
‘The mires (‘mosses’) of the Merse are largely drained but the few
remaining are of great interest, particularly Pickie Moss which still has
Callhiergon giganteum and Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum. Wetlands are
better represented in the uplands, although away from the Lammermuirs
most are degraded or destroyed. Longmuir Moss, former home of
Homalothecium nitens still has the only colony of Pseudobryum cinclidioides.
Drakemire formerly had rich fen with several rarities now extinct.
Lamberton Moor is approaching the same fate, as is Penmanshiel Moss
where Homalothecitum nitens, Splachnum ampullaceum and Trichocolea
tomentella formerly grew. Coldingham Moor has surviving pockets of
fen, with Lezocolea bantriensis, Philonotis calcarea, Rhizomnium
pseudopunctatum and Scorpidium scorpioides.
In the Lammermuirs wetlands are often more acidic. The finest raised
bog is Dogden Moss, a site of major bryological importance, for its
Sphagnum flora (including S. zmbricatum), its small liverworts Calypogeia
sphagnicola, Cephalozia macrostachya, Cephaloziella elachista, C. subdentata,
Kurzia pauciflora and Riccardia latifrons and for the nationally rare and
threatened moss Dicranum undulatum.
Springs and flushes are an important habitat in the Lammermuirs,
especially where enriched with minerals. Good examples are found in
the Fangrist Burn valley, with Calliergon giganteum, Campylium stellatum
and Drepanocladus exannulatus var. rotae, and by the Wheel Burn with
Homalothecium nitens, Plagiomnium ellipticum, Sphagnum teres and
S. warnstorfit.
Moorland
Blanket peat and heather moorland cover much of the Lammermuirs.
Because of extensive grazing and burning the flora is poor, except for
some small patches such as one on Greenlaw Moor where Hypnum
imponens has survived. One species apparently benefitting from burning
is Leptodontium flexifolium, but many others such as Racomitrium
lanuginosum cannot survive.
Exposed Rocks
Rocks are of bryological interest throughout Berwickshire. In the
Lammermuirs exposed Silurian rocks are acid and often barren except
in sheltered gullies and close to water. The Old Red Sandstone is softer
73
and base-rich and can support rich communities. At Langtonlees
Cleugh the rocks have Apometzgeria pubescens, Mnium marginatum and
M. stellare. Gateheugh has a list of rarities including Frullania fragilifolia,
Cynodontium bruntonu, Encalypta vulgaris, Pterogonium gracile and Tortula
princeps. Vhe volcanic craigs of the Merse are the habitat for several
mosses of interest, notably Cynodontium bruntoni, Orthotrichum rupestre
and Tortula princeps at Hume, and Cynodontium bruntonu and Sphenolobus
minutus on the Black Hill. On the coast rocks are frequently barren but
in nearby sheltered spots, such as Dowlaw Dean, the flora is richer with
Apometzgeria pubescens, Neckera crispa and Reboulia hemisphaerica.
Walls provide an important source of diversity in all habitats, for
example many lowland walls have Bryum radiculosum and Gyroweisia
tenuis, whilst in the uplands Andreaea rupestris is characteristic, and the
rare Cynodontium jenneri and C. tenellum were found on walls.
Arable and Ruderal Habitats
These habitats are often less appealing than semi-natural areas but in
recent years increased interest in them has revealed several specialities
of note: Dicranella staphylina, tuber-bearing Bryum species such as
B. rubens and B. microerythrocarpum and Ditrichum cylindricum are
common. Old quarries, as at Airhouse Wood, can be of interest (Riccia
sorocarpa) and many odd patches of disturbed ground, especially on
basic soils, can yield casuals such as Barbula hornschuchiana. In the hills
gravelly tracks may support Racomitrium ericoides, R. elongatum and
Oligotrichum hercynicum, and building of forestry tracks in future may
bring in new colonists, such as Diplophyllum obtusifolium, not yet recorded.
Changes in the bryoflora
Apart from additions to the flora discovered by more extensive fieldwork
and with the advantage of taxonomic advances, genuine incomers are
relatively few. Well-documented arrivals are Campylopus introflexus,
Hennediella macrophylla and Orthodontium lineare, which have spread
from overseas relatively recently. Others, such as Aulacomnium
androgynum, Dicranodontium denudatum and Dicranum tauricum were
not collected by Duncan or Hardy and have almost certainly spread into
Berwickshire quite recently.
The abundance of those bryophyte species requiring more specialised
habitats has decreased greatly. In particular, species of mires and fens,
and epiphytes of ancient woodlands such as Antitrichia curtipendula have
greatly declined.
Probable extinctions number 17, the hornwort Phaeoceros laevis, the
liverworts Bazzania trilobata, Cephalozia leucantha, Riccardia incurvata
and Trichocolea tomentella and the mosses Amblyodon dealbatus, Breutelia
74
chrysocoma, Bryum alpinum, Buxbaumia aphylla, Cynodontium jenneri,
Dicranum montanum, Funaria obtusa, Isopterygium pulchellum,
Plagiothecium latebricola, Pogonatum nanum, Ptilium crista-castrensis and
Splachnum ampullaceum. Some of these may yet be re-found in new
stations. Most of these disappearances can be directly attributed to
human activity, in drainage of wetlands, destruction of ancient woodland,
grazing and burning of moorlands, enlargement of fields and pasture
improvement, and planting of conifers.
Active conservation of bryophytes is difficult, because of their small
size and particular ecological requirements, but many occur in sites of
high biodiversity worthy of conservation on other grounds. Fuller
recognition is particularly sought of the value of the remaining wetland
and ancient woodland fragments of the county.
Statistical summary
The table below gives a summary of the present totals of moss and
liverwort species known from Berwickshire. Because early data are very
inadequate, and few dates of first records were published by early
workers, it is not possible to give an detailed summary of discoveries and
losses. The totals recorded by Hardy and Duncan (corrected to follow
modern taxonomy) do however give an indication of progress.
Source Mosses_ Liverworts Total
Hardy (1868) 194 0 194
Duncan (1946) 269 76 345
Present (1990) 326 100 426
‘The steady increase is a reflection of progress in bryophyte recording,
not in species actually gained which are probably rather few. Further
field work might push this total up to 450 species or even higher.
Wd
zy
at vil phe
Es oa al chee ls |
CHECK-LIST OF BRYOPHYTES
ANTHOCEROTAE
(Hornworts)
ANTHOCEROTACEAE
((Anthoceros agrestis Identification doubtful. Gavinton 1831.))
(Phaeoceros laevis ssp. laevis Damp fields. Possibly extinct. Lintlaw
Burn 1926.)
HEPATICAE
(Liverworts)
AYTONIACEAE
Reboulia hemisphaerica Dry basic rocks, local. Gateheugh, Elba,
Earnsheugh 1924, Dowlaw Dean 1926.
CONOCEPHALACEAE
Conocephalum conicum Widespread; damp shady rocks by rivers and
burns.
LUNULARIACEAE
Lunularia cruciata Widespread on damp shady walls and rocks by water.
Not recorded last century and possibly an introduction.
MARCHANTIACEAE
Marchantia polymorpha Widespread both in man-made and natural
habitats.
M. alpestris Local in basic flushes in hills. Blythe Water, Clints Hill,
Greenlaw Moor, Kippetlaw Burn.
RICCIACEAE
((Riccia glauca Identification doubtful. Gavinton 1831, Bunkle 1834.))
R. subbifurca Crozals (R. warnstorfii sensu Corley & Hill). On damp soil,
very rare. Well Cleugh Burn.
R. sorocarpa Bare soil, local, probably under-recorded. Lennel, Airhouse
Quarry.
METZGERIACEAE
Metzgeriafruticulosa Widespread and often abundant on Sambucus in damp
thickets.
M.temperata On Betula trunk in damp woodland, very rare. Leader below
Chapel on Leader.
M. furcata Shady rocks and tree trunks, sometimes in turf on sea banks.
Common.
M. conjugata Shady rocks, local. Drygrange, Edin’s Hall, Westerside
Dean.
Vy
Apometzgeriapubescens_ Rare; on dry basic rocks. Gateheugh, Langtonlees
Cleugh, Dowlaw Dean 1924.
ANEURACEAE
Aneura pinguis Widespread on damp basic substrates, especially sea
banks.
Riccardia multifida Bogs, rare. Long Moss.
R. chamedryfolia Widespread on moist basic soil.
(R. incurvata Possibly extinct but easily overlooked. Pease Dean 1901.)
R. latifrons Raised bogs, rare. Dogden Moss, Shiningpool Moss.
PELLIACEAE
Pellia epiphylla Damp woodlands and by water, widespread.
P. neesiana Damp acid soil and peat, scattered localities.
P. endiviifolia Damp basic rocks and soil, widespread, often abundant on
coast.
BLASIACEAE
Blasia pusilla Gravelly tracks and burnsides mostly in the hills. Headshaw
Burn, Whalplaw Burn, Longformacus 1927, Lamberton
1928.
CODONIACEAE
Fossombronia pusilla var. pusilla Ephemeral, widespread in east of county.
F. wondraczekii Bare soil and mud, rare. Watch Water Reservoir, Ale
Water 1926.
JUNGERMANNIACEAE
Barbilophozia floerkii Acid rocks and screes, widespread in hills.
B. attenuata Mossy logs and boulders in woodlands, local. Blythe Water,
below Gledswood, Edin’s Hall.
B. hatcheri Dry rocks especially basalt, and rocky turfy slopes, scattered
localities.
B.barbata Onscrees and drystane dykes in uplands, rare. Longmuir Moss.
Lophozia ventricosa Common, two varieties occur:
L. ventricosa var. ventricosa Peaty ground, widespread.
L. ventricosa var. silvicola Rarer than var. ventricosa but under-
recorded. Blythe Water, Kyles Hill, Fast Castle, Dowlaw
Moss.
L. sudetica Rocks by hill streams, rare. Hartside, Clints Hill.
L. excisa var. excisa_ Peaty soil, scattered localities.
L. incisa Wet heaths, local. Well Cleugh Burn, Gordon Moss.
L. bicrenata Peaty soil, local. Soutra, Black Hill, Greenlaw Moor, Hartside.
Leiocolea turbinata Damp calcareous soil and rocks, often on tufa. Not
rare on Carboniferous rocks, especially on coast.
78
L. badensis Similar habitats to preceding, but local. Cove, Langtonlees
Cleugh.
L. bantriensis Fens and mires, very rare. Upper Dowlaw Burn.
Gymnocolea inflata var. inflata Damp peat. Widespread in hills and
moorlands.
Sphenolobus minutus Exposed rock ledges, rare. Black Hill.
Tritomaria exsectiformis Shady sandstone rocks, rare. Lamberton 1931,
Ecclaw Hill 1903.
T. quinquedentata Mossy rocks, scattered but not common. Clints Hill,
Elba, Cove, Dowlaw Dean.
Mylia anomala Damp peat on raised bogs, local. Seenes Law 1903, Long
Bog, Dogden Moss, Dowlaw Moss.
Jungermannia atrovirens Shaded basic rocks, scattered localities.
J. pumila Shaded basic rocks, very local. Paxton Dean 1925, Dunglass
Dean 1903, Elba 1963.
J. exsertifolia ssp. cordifolia Stones in hill burns, rare. Blythe Water.
J. gracillima Damp sandy ground, tracks. Widespread on acid soils.
J.paroica Rocks by burns and rivers, local. Headshaw Burn, Blythe Water,
Elba.
J. obovata Shady basic rocks in hills, rare. Gully on Clints Hill.
Nardia scalaris Disturbed acid soil and peat. Common in hills.
GYMNOMITRIACEAE
Marsupella emarginatavar.emarginata Acid rocks and soil, widespread.
PLAGIOCHILACEAE
Plagiochila porelloides Woodlands, rock outcrops, streamsides, sea banks,
common.
P. asplenioides Damp woods and deans, more local than P. porelloides and
in more humid sites.
P. britannica Damp woodlands. A recently described species probably
widespread in basic districts. Chapel on Leader, Duns
Castle, Little Dean pond, Blackadder near Allanton, Linkim
Shore.
GEOCALYCACEAE
Lophocolea bidentata (including L. cuspidata) Widespread and common.
Woodlands, heaths, sea banks.
L. heterophylla On logs in damp woods, widespread and locally abundant.
L.fragrans Shady rocks inravines. Very rare. Pease Dean. The record from
Elba is probably an error.
Chiloscyphus polyanthos Rocks by burns, ditches, wet soil. Widespread.
C. pallescens Marshes and fens, local. Pickie Moss, Longmuir Moss,
Dowlaw Burn.
79
SCAPANIACEAE
Diplophyllum albicans Neutral to acid rocks and soil, especially on shaded
mossy banks.
Scapaniascandica Streamsides, rock outcrops, usually on acid substrates.
Local, Earnsheugh, Kyles Hill, Airhouse Quarry, Aikyside
Wood.
((S. curta Not reliably recorded; records probably refer to S. scandica.))
S.umbrosa Damp wooded valleys and heaths, often on rotting wood and
sandstone rocks. Surprisingly rare. Langtonlees Cleugh, near
Seenes Law 1903, Dunglass Dean c 1930.
S.nemorosa Damp woods, local. Edin’s Hall, Penmanshiel Moss c 1930,
Longformacus c 1930, Drakemire c 1930.
S. irrigua Damp disturbed soil, widespread but not common. Shiel Burn,
Longformacus, Bunkle Wood 1926.
S. compacta Dry rock outcrops, locally common.
S.subalpina Detritus by hill burns, rare. Longformacus 1927, Elba 1963.
S. undulata Wet rocks by burns, stony flushes and ditches. Widespread,
especially in hills.
S. gracilis Shady acid rocks, rare. Pease Dean, Dowlaw Dean, Lamberton
Beach.
CEPHALOZIELLACEAE
Cephaloziella elachista_ Peat in raised bogs, very rare. Dogden Moss.
C. subdentata Peat in raised bogs, very rare. Dogden Moss.
C. rubella Amongst Sphagnum. Elba area 1963.
C. divaricata Peaty soil, widespread.
CEPHALOZIACEAE
Odontoschisma sphagni Amongst Sphagnum in bogs. Local. Dogden
Moss, Drone Moss c 1930, near Seenes Law 1903.
O.denudatum Damp peaty banks, rare. Killmade Burn, between Tollishill
and Seenes Law 1903.
Cephalozia bicuspidata (including ssp. bicuspidata and ssp.
lammersiana) Peaty ground, decaying wood. Widespread
and common.
C.connivens Damp peat on raised bogs, local. Below Twinlaw, Long Bog,
Dogden Moss, Dowlaw Moss.
C. lunulifolia Damp peat, rotting wood and shaded sandstone rocks.
Widespread.
C. macrostachya var. macrostachya_ Raised bogs, rare. Dogden Moss,
near Press Castle 1928.
(C. leucantha On log in damp woodland, very rare and not seen recently.
Brockholes Wood 1929.)
Nowellia curvifolia On rotting wood in damp woods. Widespread.
80
LEPIDOZIACEAE
Kurzia pauciflora Peat in raised bogs, rare. Dogden Moss, near Seenes
Law 1903, Penmanshiel Moss c 1930.
Lepidozia reptans Damp woodlands, widespread.
(Bazzania trilobata Wooded ravines. Langtonlees Cleugh, pre-1853.
Probably extinct.)
CALYPOGEIACEAE
Calypogeia neesiana_ Raised bogs, rare. Below Twinlaw, Long Bog.
C. muellerana Shaded acid rocks, peat and soil, widespread.
((C. trichomanis Old records refer to C. muellerana, but could occur in
Lammermulirs. ) )
C. fissa Similar habitats to C. muellerana, and equally common.
C. sphagnicola Amongst Sphagnum in raised bogs, rare. Dogden Moss.
C. arguta Shaded soil, rare. Dunglass Dean, near Press Castle 1928.
PSEUDOLEPICOLEACEAE
Blepharostoma trichophyllum Basic rocks, local. Press Castle 1930,
Hoardweel 1931, Headshaw Burn.
TRICHOCOLEACEAE
(Trichocolea tomentella_ Basic flushes, probably extinct. Langtonlees
Cleugh 1833, Penmanshiel Moor 1849.)
PTILIDIACEAE
Ptilidium ciliare Moors and rocky outcrops, widespread.
P. pulcherrimum Rocks and trunks of Birch and Juniper, local. Bunkle
Wood, Aikyside Wood, Green Wood 1926, Mordington
1927.
RADULACEAE
Radula complanata Tree trunks and rocks, widespread.
PORELLACEAE
Porella obtusata Dry rock outcrops on coast, rare. Mire Loch, Heathery
Carr 1926.
P. platyphylla Wooded deans on basic rocks, widespread.
P. cordaeana var. cordaeana Damp woods and deans, widespread and
more frequent than P. platyphylla.
((P. pinnata Published record refers to P. cordaeana.))
FRULLANIACEAE
Frullania tamarisci Tree trunks and rocky slopes, widespread.
F. fragilifolia Dry rocks, very local. Gateheugh, Elba 1926.
F. dilatata ‘Trunks of old trees, widespread.
31
LEJEUNEACEAE
Lejeunea cavifolia Shady deans. Widespread, especially near coast.
L. lamacerina Shady ravines, very local. Pease Dean, Dowlaw Dean,
Penmanshiel.
Cololejeunea rosettiana Very rare. Basic rocks in ravines. Pease Dean.
MUSCI
(Mosses)
SPHAGNACEAE
Sphagnum imbricatum ssp. austinii Raised bogs, very rare. Dogden
Moss.
S. papillosum Raised and blanket bogs, local. Long Bog, Dogden Moss,
Shiningpool Moss, Coldingham Moor 1949.
S. palustre Acid heaths and bogs, damp birch woods. Widespread.
S.magellanicum Raised and blanket bogs, rare. Turf Law, Fallago Ridge
Head, Dogden Moss.
S. squarrosum Damp birch woods, especially those on mosses such as
Long Moss, Redpath Moss and Gordon Moss.
S. teres Basic flushes in hills, rare. Wheel burn.
S. fimbriatum Similar habitats to S. squarrosum, but less common.
Penmanshiel Moss, Everett Moss, Gordon Moss, Redpath
Moss.
S. girgensohnii Bogs, local but probably under-recorded. Turf Law,
Redpath Moss, Carfrae Common, Shiel Burn.
S.russowii Damp streamsides, ditches and banks on bogs and moors, rare.
Turf Law, Lauder Common, Pickie Moss.
. quinquefarium Sheltered gullies in hills, rare. Clints Hill.
. warnstorfii Fens and basic flushes, rare. Wheel Burn.
. capillifolium Heaths, bogs, and damp peaty woodlands. Widespread.
NANnNND
. subnitens Mildly basic bogs and mires. Surprisingly local. Longmuir
Moss, Coldingham Moor, Lauder Common, Fallago Ridge
Head.
S. compactum Exposed moors, on drier ground, often amongst heather
and regenerating after burning. Widespread in Lammermurrs,
Coldingham and Lamberton Moors.
S. auriculatum var. auriculatum Flushes and on basic seepage in upland
areas, local. Blythe Water, Coldingham Moor, Dirrington
Great Law.
((S. contortum Old record from Penmanshiel not confirmed.))
S. cuspidatum Pools and ditches on heaths and in bogs. Probably
widespread. Long Bog, Coldingham Moor, Dogden Moss,
Penmanshiel Moss.
S. tenellum Damp moorlands, local but probably overlooked. Lauder
Common, Twinlaw, Dogden Moss, Penmanshiel Moor
1868.
82
S. recurvum var. mucronatum Bogs, heaths, damp birch woods, often
in ditches. Widespread.
ANDREAEACEAE
Andreaearupestris var. rupestris Dry rocks, screes and walls in uplands.
Scattered localities.
TETRAPHIDACEAE
Tetraphis pellucida Peaty woods and wooded ravines, local. Gledswood,
Kyles Hill, Langtonlees Cleugh, Aikyside Wood.
POLYTRICHACEAE
Polytrichum alpinum Well-drained moorland slopes, local. Hartside,
Lauder Common, Dirrington Great Law.
P. longisetum Woods and moors, especially on disturbed peat. Scattered
localities.
P. formosum Woods and moors, common.
P. commune Waterlogged ground on moors, bogs and damp woods.
Common
P. piliferum Dry peaty banks, rock outcrops and wall tops. Frequent.
P. juniperinum Similar habitats to preceding and equally common.
P. strictum (P. alpestre) Bogs, local. Gordon Moss, Dogden Moss,
Coldingham Moor.
(Pogonatumnanum Peaty woodlands and heaths, rare and not seen recently.
Foulden Hag Wood 1925, Grantshouse c 1930, Bunkle
Wood c 1930.)
P. aloides Shady moorland banks, often on sides of ditches and burns.
Widespread in uplands.
P. urnigerum Gravelly tracks, roadsides, shingle by burns, old quarries.
Widespread.
Oligotrichumhercynicum Stony ground in hills, rare. Kyles Hill, Harelaw
Hill 1927.
Atrichum tenellum Rare. Mud by reservoir, Watch Water.
A. undulatum (including var. minus) Onsoilin woods and deans. Frequent.
BUXBAUMIACEAE
(Buxbaumia aphylla Probably extinct. Soil-covered wall, Brockholes
Plantations, pre-1868.)
ARCHIDIACEAE
Archidium alternifolium Waterlogged soil and mud, rare. Greenlaw
Moor, Auchencrow 1927.
SELIGERIACEAE
Brachydontium trichodes Shaded sandstone, very rare. Lintlaw Burn
and Billie Castle, pre-1868.
83
Seligeriarecurvata Shady basic rock faces, rare. Fangrist Burn, Cockburn
Mill 1878, Tibby Fowler’s Glen 1953, Foulden 1924.
Blindia acuta Stony flushes, rare. Dowlaw Burn 1927.
DICRANACEAE
Pleuridium acuminatum Damp soil, mainly upland. Scattered localities.
P. subulatum Similar habitats to preceding, but more local.
Pseudephemerum nitidum Damp soil, mostly in Lammermuirs.
Occasional. Langtonlees Cleugh since 1833, Watch Water
Reservoir, Soutra, near Coldingham Sands.
Ditrichum cylindricum Disturbed soil and fallow fields, easily overlooked
and probably not rare. Airhouse Wood, Langton, Watch
Water Reservoir, Penmanshiel.
D. flexicaule Calcareous turf and banks, especially on coast. Locally
abundant.
D. heteromallum Gravelly banks and disturbed soil, calcifuge. Mostly in
uplands, occasional.
Ceratodon purpureus var. purpureus Very common on disturbed soil,
rocks and peat. Avoids basic substrates.
(Cynodontium jenneri Rocks, walls and screes, rare and not seen this
century. Bowshiel Dean 1849, Brockholes pre-1868, Chester
Hill near Lauder, pre-1868.)
C. tenellum Very rare. Roadside wall near Elba, 1963.
C. bruntonii Dry basaltic outcrops, local. Gateheugh, Black Hill, Hume
Craigs.
Dichodontium pellucidum Silty boulders, rocks and gravel by burns and
rivers throughout county.
((D. flavescens Literature records unsubstantiated.) )
Dicranella palustris Moorland flushes and burnsides. Decreasing, formerly
widespread.
D. schreberana Damp basic soil, widespread by burns in hills.
D.crispa Damp sandy and gravelly ground, rare. Redpath Hill, Lamberton
1926.
D. subulata Damp rocky ground, rare. Lamberton 1924, Elba 1963.
D.rufescens Soil banks of ditches and burns, scattered. Pickie Moss, Kyles
Hill, Aikyside Wood.
D. varia Flushes and seepage on calcareous rocks and soil. Widespread,
often abundant on coast.
D.staphylina Arable fields and disturbed soil. Widespread but overlooked.
D.cerviculata Peat onraised bogs, local. Twinlaw, Dogden Moss, Greenlaw
Moor, Penmanshiel Moss.
D. heteromalla_ Rocks, soil and tree bases in woodland. Frequent.
Dicranoweisia cirrata ‘Trees, rocks and walls, common.
Dicranum bonjeanii Moorland flushes and bogs, local and decreasing.
Gordon Moss, Twinlaw, Dowlaw Burn, Lamberton Moor.
84
D. scoparium Woods and moors, common.
D. majus Woods, cleughs and sea banks, widespread.
D. undulatum Raised bogs, very rare and threatened. Dogden Moss.
D. fuscescens var. fuscescens Rocks and tree trunks in upland woods and
cleughs. Scattered localities.
(D.montanum Tree trunks and stumps in woodland. Green Wood 1930.
Extinct through felling of ancient oak woodland.)
D. tauricum ‘Trees and logs in damp woodland. Longmuir Moss, Duns
Castle woods, Bunkle Wood, Penmanshiel Wood.
Dicranodontium denudatum var. denudatum Rocks and logs in damp
woods, rare. Pickie Moss.
Campylopus fragilis Peaty and rocky banks. Frequent on coast, local
elsewhere.
C. pyriformis var. pyriformis Exposed peat on moors and bogs, widespread.
C. flexuosus Damp peaty moors and raised bogs, occasionally on logs in
cleughs. Widespread.
C. introflexus Peaty woods, moors and raised bogs. First recorded 1969
in Dye Valley, now widespread. Introduction from Southern
Hemisphere.
C. brevipilus Raised bogs, very rare. Coldingham Moor 1926.
Leucobryum glaucum Damp upland woods and moors. Scattered localities.
FISSIDENTACEAE
Fissidens viridulus Soil in lowland woods and on sea banks. Probably
widespread but easily overlooked.
F. pusillus var. pusillus Shady basic rock faces in deans, rare. Dunglass
Dean, Whiteadder near Paxton.
F. incurvus Calcareous banks on coast, rare. Near Cove, Siccar Point,
Burnmouth 1929.
F. bryoides Woods and deans, on soil. Common.
F. crassipes Intermittently submerged rocks in rivers, local. ‘Tweed near
Paxton House and Birgham, Whiteadder near Paxton, Elba
L938
F. exilis Shady soil in woodland, rare. Mertoun Bridge, Mordington 1926,
Green Wood 1926.
. osmundoides_ Basic moorland flushes, rare. Near Cross Law 1927.
. taxifolius ssp. taxifolius Woods, deans and sea banks, common.
. cristatus Calcareous rocks and soil. Scattered on coast, rare inland.
25] lag] leu) «lag!
. adianthoides Damp basic rocks and flushes. Scattered localities.
ENCALYPTACEAE
Encalypta vulgaris Dry basic rock outcrops, rare and probably decreasing.
Gateheugh, Hume, Fangrist Burn, Elba.
E. streptocarpa Locally abundant on mortar of walls, local on natural basic
outcrops as at Gateheugh and Langtonlees Cleugh.
85
POTTIACEAE
Tortula ruralis Two subspecies occur:
T. ruralis ssp. ruralis Dry calcareous banks and rock outcrops.
Rare except on coast.
T. ruralis ssp. ruraliformis Sandy sea shores, local. Pease Bay,
Coldingham Sands, Linkim Shore.
T. intermedia Calcareous walls and rocks, rare. Near Oxton, St Abbs
1924, Linkim Shore 1933.
T.princeps Calcareous rock outcrops, very rare. Hume Castle, Gateheugh.
T. virescens Old tree trunks, very rare. Hume Castle.
T. laevipila var. laevipila Old ash and sycamore trees, widespread but
decreasing through loss of trees.
T. muralis ‘Two varieties occur:
T. muralis var. muralis Walls and calcareous rocks, very common.
T. muralis var. aestiva Shady sandstone rock faces, rare. Paxton
1924, Milne Graden 1924.
T. subulata Three varieties occur:
T. subulatavar.subulata Calcareous rocks and banks, widespread.
T.subulata var. angustata Similar habitats to var. subulata but much
rarer. Clints Hill, Airhouse Quarry, Dowlaw Dean, Coldstream
1929)
T. subulata var. graeffii Basic rock outcrops, very rare. Earnsheugh.
T. papillosa Old tree trunks, especially ash, sycamore and elder, rarely on
rock. Widespread.
T. latifolia Silty rocks, tree roots and logs by rivers. Frequent along ‘weed
and lower reaches of Whiteadder and Blackadder.
Hennediella macrophylla (R. Brown ter.) Par. (Tortula brevis Whitehouse
& Newton, Hyophila stanfordensis sensu Corley & Hill in
part) Footpaths and compacted soil on river banks. ‘weed
at Leaderfoot, Dryburgh, Birgham and Tweedhill, Eden
Water at Stichill Bridge.
Aloina aloides var. aloides Dry sunny calcareous banks on coast, local but
scattered along coast from Cove to Lamberton.
((A. aloides var. ambigua Records of this are based on misidentifications
of var. aloides.))
Desmatodonconvolutus Dry calcareous banks on coast. Locally common
from Cove to Lamberton.
Pterygoneuron ovatum Dry sunny calcareous soil on sea banks, rare.
Siccar Point, Burnmouth.
Pottia starkeana ssp. conica_ Calcareous soil on sea banks, rare. Siccar
Point, Eyemouth 1949.
P. crinita Calcareous soil on sea banks, rare. Fast Castle, St Abbs Head
1928, Eyemouth 1949, Burnmouth 1924.
P. lanceolata Calcareous soil on sea banks, scattered localities from Cove
to Burnmouth.
86
P.intermedia Calcareous soil on sea banks, rare. Eyemouth 1949 Lamberton
1931.
P. truncata Arable fields and disturbed bare soil, frequent.
P. heimii Soil close to sea. Scattered localities from Cove to Lamberton.
P. recta Calcareous soil on sea banks, very rare. Burnmouth 1924.
Phascum cuspidatum ‘Two varieties occur:
P. cuspidatum var. cuspidatum Arable fields and disturbed soil
on basic substrates, frequent.
P. cuspidatum var. piliferum Calcareous sea banks, rare. Siccar
Point, Heathery Carr, St Abbs Head, Eyemouth 1927.
P. curvicolle Calcareous soil on sea banks, very rare. Cove Harbour, Siccar
Point.
Acaulon muticum Soil on sea banks and wall tops, rare. Kelphope Glen
1903, Old Cambus pre-1868, Eyemouth c1930.
Barbula convoluta ‘Two varieties occur:
B. convoluta var. convoluta Disturbed basic soil, common.
B. convoluta var. commutata As preceding but local. Mertoun
Bridge, Burnmouth 1925.
B. unguiculata Basic soil and rock outcrops, frequent.
B. hornschuchiana Banks and stony ground on calcareous soil, scattered
localities. Hume Craigs, Elba, Siccar Point, Lamberton.
B. revoluta Limy walls, occasional. Dunglass, Pease Bay, Eyemouth 1924.
B. fallax Basic stony and sandy ground, banks and rocks, widespread.
B. spadicea On basic rocks and stones by burns and rivers, scattered
localities. Langtonlees Cleugh, Whiteadder at Paxton, Tower
Dean, Dowlaw Dean 1924.
B. rigidula On walls and bridges, frequent.
B. nicholsonii On silty basic rocks by rivers, local. Tweed at Birgham,
Coldstream and Ladykirk, Whiteadder at Whitehall and
Hutton.
B. trifaria Damp rocks by rivers and on sea banks, widespread.
B. tophacea Damp calcareous rock outcrops, especially tufa. Frequent,
particularly on coast.
B. vinealis Rocks and boulders by streams, local. Marden, Dowlaw Dean,
Lamberton 1924.
B. cylindrica Shady banks, damp walls and rocks by rivers and burns,
common.
B. recurvirostra Calcareous banks, rocks and walls, widespread.
B. ferruginascens Damp basic montane rocks, very rare. Gully on Clints
Hill.
Gymnostomum aeruginosum Damp shady basic rock faces, rare. Dowlaw
Dean, Heathery Carr.
G. recurvirostrum Wet calcareous rock faces and tufa on coast. Locally
abundant, Cove to Lamberton.
87
Gyroweisiatenuis Basic rock faces and shady limy walls. Locally common
in calcareous districts.
((Anoectangium aestivum Published record is erroneous.))
Eucladium verticillatum Damp calcareous rock faces, mostly by rivers
aad on coast. Frequent.
Weissia controversa ‘Three varieties occur:
W. controversa var. controversa Dry banks on basic soil.
Widespread.
W. controversa var. crispata Dry banks by sea, rare. Burnmouth
1931, Eyemouth 1949.
W. controversa var. densifolia On rocks by river, very rare. Elba
1931.
W. tortilis Dry calcareous rocks and banks by sea, very rare. Burnmouth
1925.
W. microstoma var. microstoma Dry banks, widespread.
Oxystegus sinuosus Silty rocks and boulders by water, rare. Whiteadder
and Tweed near Paxton, Ale Water 1924.
O. tenuirostris var. tenuirostris Damp rock face by hill burn, very rare.
Whalplaw Burn.
Trichostomum crispulum Basic rocks and soil, not rare on coast, inland
at Gateheugh and Elba.
T. brachydontium Basic rocks and soil, mostly on coast. Widespread.
Tortella tortuosa_ Basic rocks, very rare. Heathery Carr 1924.
T. flavovirens var. flavovirens Banks and rock crevices on coast, often
quite close to sea. Cove to Lamberton, locally abundant.
Leptodontium flexifolium Exposed peaty soil, especially after burning or
disturbance. Local, but more frequent in west.
Cinclidotus fontinaloides Rocks and boulders in and by rivers and burns,
frequent in lowlands.
GRIMMIACEAE
Schistidium maritimum Rocks close to sea. Locally frequent from Cove
to Lamberton.
S. alpicola ‘Two varieties occur:
S. alpicola var. alpicola Boulders inrivers, rare. Whiteadder, Retreat
1953, Whiteadder near Foulden 1924, Blackadder near
Greenlaw c1930.
S. alpicola var. rivulare Boulders in rivers, frequent.
S. apocarpum var. apocarpum Dry rocks and walls, common.
((S. apocarpum var. confertum Not confirmed and probably based on
misidentification. ) )
Grimmia donniana var. donniana _Siliceous rocks, boulders and walls in
uplands, local. Longmuir Moss, Kettleshiel c1930.
G. ovalis Acid rocks, very rare. Whiteadder below Elba.
838
G. pulvinata var. pulvinata Rocks and walls, very common.
G. trichophylla Two varieties occur:
G. trichophylla var. trichophylla Dry rocks and walls, widespread.
G. trichophylla var. stirtonii Dry rock outcrops. rare. Hoardweel,
Lumsdaine Dean, St Abbs Head.
G. hartmanii Siliceous rocks by rivers, rare. Whiteadder below Elba, Dye
Water near Longformacus 1927.
G.retracta Siliceous rocks by rivers, very rare. Whiteadder near Hoardweel
1963.
Racomitrium aciculare Acid rocks and boulders, usually by burns.
Scattered localities in uplands.
R. fasciculare Dry rocks and walls especially in hills, frequent.
R. heterostichum Rocks and walls, frequent.
R. sudeticum (Funck) B. & S. Rock outcrops, very rare. Greenwood, 1949.
R. lanuginosum Dry rocky banks, screes and walls, mostly in hills.
Frequent.
R. ericoides (R. canescens var. ericoides sensu Corley & Hillin part) Sandy
and gravelly ground in hills, under-recorded due to past
confusion with next species. Soutra Hill, Airhouse Quarry,
Longformacus 1927.
R. elongatum Frisvoll Similar habitats to preceding. Recently added to
British flora and distribution uncertain. Threeburnford, Dye
Water above Trottingshaw.
PTYCHOMITRIACEAE
Ptychomitrium polyphyllum Dry rocks, walls and screes in upland areas,
widespread but possibly declining.
FUNARIACEAE
Funariahygrometrica Waste ground, roadsides, bonfire sites, old quarries.
Common.
F. fascicularis Damp disturbed soil, rare. Lauder Burn, Langton Burn
1953, near St Abbs Head 1924.
(F. obtusa Damp soil by burns and in ditches, not seen this century.
Langtonlees Cleugh 1833, Penmanshiel Moor 1854, near
Ellemford pre-1868).
Physcomitrium pyriforme Mud in boggy fields and flushes, local.
Greenknowe Tower, Fangrist Burn, Edrington c1930,
Greenheugh Point 1849.
EPHEMERACEAE
Ephemerum serratum Damp bare mud and soil, rare. ‘Two varieties
occur:
E. serratum var. serratum Watch Water Reservoir.
E. serratum var. minutissimum Near Old Langtonlees, near
Burnmouth 1924.
89
SPLACHNACEAE
Tetraplodon mnioides On dung and animal remains in hills, rare. Shiel
Burn, Penmanshiel Moor 1853, Drakemire pre-1868.
Splachnum sphaericum On dung on bogs and moorlands, local. Soutra,
Dogden Moss, Greenlaw Moor, near Byrecleugh 1929.
(S. ampullaceum On dung in fens and mires, rare. Penmanshiel Moor
1850, Coldingham Moor c1853.)
BRYACEAE
Orthodontium lineare ‘Tree bases, logs and stumps in shady woods. An
incomer from southern hemisphere, now widespread. First
recorded Whitlaw 1965.
Leptobryum pyriforme Damp peaty soil and acid rocks, rare. Fangrist
Burn. Normally widespread in greenhouses, but not recorded
from this habitat in Berwickshire yet.
Pohlia cruda_ Clefts of rock faces, scattered localities.
P. nutans Peaty soil in woods and on moors, frequent.
P. drummondii Damp gravel by burns, rare. Dye Water at Longformacus
LOD ie
P. bulbifera Damp disturbed soil, rare. Soutra, Hule Moss 1928.
P. annotina Damp disturbed soil. Scattered localities in uplands. “Two
segregate species occur (sensu J. Shaw) but their distribution
is poorly known:
P. annotina s.str. Watch Water Reservoir, Well Cleugh Burn,
Green Wood 1925.
P. proligera Whiteadder at Elba.
P. camptotrachela Damp soil by ditches and reservoirs, local. Longmuir
Moss, Soutra, Watch Water Reservoir, near Foulden 1924.
P. lutescens Shaded soil in woods, rare. Sturdon Burn near Chapel on
Leader.
P. carnea On damp clay banks in woods and by rivers and burns,
widespread.
P. wahlenbergii var. wahlenbergii Damp disturbed soil, springs, flushes
and burnsides, frequent.
Anomobryum filiforme var. filiforme Damp rocks and gravel by rivers,
local. Blythe Water, Elba, Edin’s Hall, Primrose Hill 1875.
((Bryum marratii Record based on a misidentification. ))
B. pallens var. pallens Damp gravelly burnsides, wet banks and flushes,
widespread.
B. inclinatum Damp rocks by streams, rare. Lumsdaine Dean.
((B.intermedium Old records from Oldcambus, Ale Water and Billie Mill
are doubtful and require confirmation.) )
B. capillare var. capillare Rocks, walls and tree trunks, very common.
B. elegans Exposed rocks, very rare MHeathery Carr 1924.
90
B. flaccidum Rocks and tree trunks in woods and thickets, frequent. Often
on Elders.
B. pallescens Damp basic rocks, very rare. Near Coldingham Sands.
B. pseudotriquetrum Marshy ground, flushes and bogs, frequent. two
varieties occur:
B. pseudotriquetrum var. pseudotriquetrum Frequent.
B. pseudotriquetrum var. bimum Rare; Lamberton Moor 1930.
B. caespiticium var. caespiticitum Rocks, walls and fallen trees, probably
widespread but reliably recorded only from Threeburnford,
Oxendean and Gavinton.
(B. alpinum Damp gravelly moorland tracks, very rare. Penmanshiel Moor
pre-1868, Drakemire 1878.)
B. bicolor Disturbed soil and waste ground, frequent.
. gemmiferum Damp mud, rare. River Tweed near Homebank.
.dunense Sea banks and cliff tops, rare. Fast Castle.
co ooimce
. argenteum Sunny banks, rock outcrops and wall tops. ‘wo varieties
occur:
B. argenteum var. argenteum Common.
B. argenteum var. lanatum Local. Burnmouth, Elba 1963.
er)
.radiculosum Mortar of walls, widespread; rare on basic rocks and soil.
ee)
. violaceum Arable fields, local but under-recorded. Edin’s Hall,
Penmanshiel, near Grizelrig.
. Klinggraeffii Arable fields, rare but under-recorded. Near Grizelrig.
. sauteri Sandy soil, rare. Bowshiel Dean.
. microerythrocarpum Disturbed soil and arable fields, widespread.
\colmocimoc ames)
.rubens_ As preceding but more frequent on basic soils.
Rhodobryum roseum Woods and calcareous grassland, rare. Near
Hoardweel 1956, Oldcambus 1868, Dunglass Dean 1853,
Penmanshiel Wood 1849, Dowlaw Dean c1930.
MNIACEAE
Mniumhornum On banks, rocks, logs and tree bases in woods, common.
M. marginatum var. marginatum Shady rock faces, rare. Langtonlees
Cleugh, Whiteadder at Ninewells 1938.
M. stellare Rocky banks and walls in deans and by rivers, local. Clints Hill,
Langtonlees Cleugh, Pease Dean, Dunglass Dean.
Rhizomnium punctatum Shady rocks in woods, deans and on river
banks, frequent.
R. pseudopunctatum Basic flushes and mires, rare. Pickie Moss, Dowlaw
Burn, Drakemire pre-1868.
Plagiomnium cuspidatum Old walls, rare. Penmanshiel Moor pre-1868.
P. affine Damp grassland and flushes, rare. Clints Hill, Bemersyde Moss
1964.
91
P.elatum_ Basic flushes in upland areas, scattered localities.
P. ellipticum Basic flushes and mires, rare. Clints Hill, Wheel Burn,
Fangrist Burn, Kippetlaw Burn.
P. undulatum On banks in woods and deans and on sea banks, frequent.
P.rostratum Rocks and soil in woods, deans and on river banks. Frequent
in lowlands.
Pseudobryum cinclidioides Mires, very rare. Locally abundant at Longmuir
Moss.
AULACOMNIACEAE
Aulacomnium palustre var. palustre Bogs, mosses and damp peaty
woods, frequent.
A. androgynum Tree trunks and logs in damp woods, very rare. On
willows, Longmuir Moss.
MEESIACEAE
(Amblyodon dealbatus Basic flushes, very rare. Gunsgreen pre-1868, Ale
Water pre-1868.)
BARTRAMIACEAE
Bartramia pomiformis Rocky banks in cleughs and crevices of rock
outcrops. Widespread, mostly in upland areas.
B. ithyphylla As preceding, but less common.
Philonotis arnellii Damp gravelly ground, rare. Drakemire 1926, Foulden
Hag Wood 1923.
P. caespitosa Damp shaded rocks and soil, rare. Manderston, Lamberton
1927.
P. fontana Damp streamsides, flushes, ditches and bogs, mostly in hills.
Frequent.
P. calcarea Basic moorland flushes, rare. Wheel Burn, Greenlaw Moor,
Dowlaw Burn, Lamberton Moor c1930.
(Breutelia chrysocoma Damp moorlands, rare and not seen recently.
Coldingham Moor 1949, Drakemire 1927, Lamberton Moor
pre-1868.)
ORTHOTRICHACEAE
Amphidium mougeotii On basic seepage on shady rock faces, local.
Whalplaw Burn, Tweed below Gateheugh, Elba.
Zygodon viridissimus ‘Iwo varieties occur:
Z. viridissimus var. viridissimus ‘Trunks of old trees, occasionally
on walls. Frequent.
Z. viridissimus var. stirtonii Dry rock outcrops. Frequent on
coast, local inland.
Orthotrichum striatum On trees in damp woods, very rare. Gordon
Moss, Longformacus 1927.
92
. lyellii On old trees, especially Ash and Sycamore, widespread but
declining.
. affine ‘Tree trunks and occasionally rocks, common.
.rupestre On dry basic rock outcrops, local. Hume Craigs, Lumsdaine
Dean, Dowlaw Dean.
O BO C= ©
. rivulare Silty rocks and logs in rivers. Scattered localities mostly on
Tweed, Whiteadder and Eye.
.anomalum_ Rocks and walls, widespread.
Q ©
. cupulatum ‘Two varieties occur:
O. cupulatum var. cupulatum On rocks, often close to water,
widespread.
O.cupulatum var.riparium Silty rocks by rivers, scattered localities.
Blythe Water, Earnscleugh Water, Tweed at Birgham,
Paxton and Ladykirk.
O. stramineum On trees, widespread but usually in small quantity.
O.tenellum Onoldtrees, rare. Retreat 1929, Mordington 1926, Coldingham
Loch ¢1930.
O. diaphanum Rocks, walls and tree trunks, frequent.
O. pulchellum On Elder and Willow in damp thickets, widespread.
Ulota drummondii On trees (often Hazel) in ancient woodlands, local.
Langtonlees Cleugh, Greenwood 1929, Dowlaw Dean 1924.
U. bruchii (U. crispa var. norvegica) On trees, mostly in upland woods and
cleughs, frequent.
U. crispa_ As preceding, but less common and often confused in past with
it.
U. phyllantha ‘Trees and rocks, scattered localities especially near coast.
HEDWIGIACEAE
Hedwigia ciliata Dry acid rock outcrops and dykes, mostly in uplands.
Widespread.
FONTINALACEAE
Fontinalis antipyretica Floating in rivers, burns, ponds and reservoirs.
‘Two varieties occur:
F. antipyretica var. antipyretica Frequent.
F. antipyretica var. gigantea Rare. Whiteadder below Cawderstanes,
Lumsdaine Dean.
CLIMACIACEAE
Climacium dendroides Damp basic grasslands, marshes, bogs and
streamsides. Frequent.
LEUCODONTACEAE
Cryphaea heteromalla On old Elders and Willows in damp thickets, very
rare. Gordon Moss.
23}
Leucodon sciuroides var. sciuroides On old Ash and Sycamore trees,
rare and declining. Polwarth Church, Greenknowe Tower,
Langton Burn 1953, Cumledge Bridge c1930.
Antitrichia curtipendula On old trees and walls, very rare and declining.
Mellerstain, Foulden Dean c1930, Ale Water pre-1868,
Penmanshiel 1849.
Pterogonium gracile Dry basic rock outcrops, rare. Gateheugh, St Abbs
Head, Oldcambus pre-1868.
NECKERACEAE
Neckeracrispa Dry basic rocks, rare. Earnsheugh, Cowdenknowes c1930,
Dowlaw Dean 1924.
N. complanata ‘Trees and rocks in woods and deans. Widespread.
Homaliatrichomanoides Rocks, tree bases and roots in woods and deans.
Scattered localities.
THAMNIACEAE
Thamnobryum alopecurum Shady rock faces and walls by lowland burns
and rivers, often by waterfalls. Frequent.
HOOKERIACEAE
Hookerialucens Wetshady banks in deans, ravines and on sea banks, local.
Langtonlees Cleugh, Edin’s Hall, Dunglass Dean, Lamberton.
LESKEACEAE
Leskea polycarpa Silty rocks and logs by rivers, occasional. ‘Tweed at
Gledswood, Birgham and Lennel, Whiteadder above
Cockburn Mill 1930.
THUIDIACEAE
Heterocladium heteropterum ‘Iwo varieties occur:
H. heteropterum var. heteropterum Shady rocks in woods, rare.
Pease Dean, Brockholes Wood 1926, Duns Castle Woods
c1930.
H. heteropterum var. flaccidum More common than preceding.
Cowdenknowes, Blythe Water, Godscroft, Dunglass Dean,
Pease Dean.
Anomodon viticulosus Calcareous rocks in deans and by rivers, scattered.
Thuidium tamariscinum Damp woods, frequent.
T. philibertii Calcareous grassland, rare. Greenlaw, Foulden Burn.
AMBLYSTEGIACEAE
Cratoneuron filicinum var. filicinum Damp basic rocks and soil, frequent.
C. commutatum ‘Two varieties occur:
C. commutatum var. commutatum Base-rich flushes, springs,
fens and tufa outcrops. Widespread; frequent on coast.
94
C. commutatum var. faleatum Fens and basic flushes, local, Turf
Law, Dowlaw Burn and scattered on coast.
Campylium stellatum ‘Two varieties occur:
C. stellatum var. stellatum Basic flushes and fens, local. Wheel
Burn, Fangrist Burn, Dowlaw Moss, Lamberton Moor
c1930.
C. stellatum var. protensum Damp calcareous rocky and grassy
banks. Scattered localities on coast, rare inland.
C. chrysophyllum Sea banks, rare. Lamberton Beach 1925.
C. polygamum Damp basic flushes, rare. Gunsgreen.
C.elodes_ Rich fens, very rare. Lamberton Moor 1950, Penmanshiel Moss
pre-1868.
Amblystegium serpens var. serpens Shady rocks, banks, old walls and
tree trunks (especially Elder), frequent in woods. Very
common.
A. fluviatile Rocks and boulders in and by burns and rivers, widespread.
A. tenax As preceding but generally more common.
A. varium Marshy and muddy ground, often by ponds. Mire Loch,
Bemersyde Moss 1964.
A.riparium Damp rocks, logs and mud by rivers and ponds, widespread.
A.compactum Shady calcareous rock faces, often in deep clefts and caves,
rare. Dunglass dean, Allanton 1926, Cawderstanes 1927, St
Abbs Head 1932, Lamberton 1937.
Drepanocladus aduncus_ Springs and marshes, rare. Coldingham Loch,
Penmanshiel Moss c1930.
D. fluitans var. falcatus Damp peaty hollows on blanket bogs. Scattered
throughout Lammermuirs and on Coldingham Moor.
D. exannulatus ‘Two varieties occur:
D. exannulatus var.exannulatus Basic flushes, mires, and mosses,
local. Kippetlaw Burn, Shiel Burn, Penmanshiel Moss.
D. exannulatus var. rotae Basic flushes and fens, rare. Fangrist
Burn, Dowlaw Moss.
D.revolvens Basic flushes and fens, local. Fangrist Burn, Greenlaw Moor,
Dowlaw Moss, Lamberton Moor.
D. uncinatus Damp heathy woods and rocky banks and amongst Willows
in mosses, widespread.
Hygrohypnum ochraceum Rocks in rivers and upland burns, local.
Headshaw Burn, Shiel Burn, Edin’s Hall, Longformacus
OTe
H. luridum var. luridum Rocks in rivers and burns. Scattered localities
H. eugyrium Rocks in rivers, rare. Whiteadder near Edin’s Hall, 1929.
Scorpidium scorpioides Mires and fens, rare and declining. Dowlaw
Burn, Dogden Moss c1930, Lamberton Moor 1950,
Drakemire pre-1868.
95
Calliergon stramineum Bogs and mosses, scattered localities. Longmuir
Moss, Blythe Water, Gordon Moss, Twinlaw.
C. cordifolium Mires and mosses, widespread but not common.
C. giganteum Fens and mires, scattered but declining. Pickie Moss,
Fangrist Burn, Coldingham Moor, Lamberton Moor 1950.
C.cuspidatum Damp grassy ground on sea banks, in woods and deans and
throughout uplands. Common.
BRACHYTHECIACEAE
Isothecium myurum Rocks and trees in woods, deans, cleughs and by
rivers and on sea banks. Frequent.
I. myosuroides ‘Two varieties occur:
I. myosuroides var. myosuroides Rocks and trees, frequent.
I. myosuroides var. brachythecioides Sheltered sea banks, very
rare. Heathery Carr.
Homalothecium sericeum Calcareous rocks and walls, and on old Ash
and Sycamore trees, common.
H. lutescens Dry calcareous grassland, not uncommon on coast, local
inland.
H. nitens Rich fens, approaching extinction through drainage. Wheel
Burn, Longmuir Moss 1878, Fangrist Burn 1932, near
Ellemford pre-1868, Penmanshiel Moss 1849, Coldingham
Moor pre-1868.
Brachythecium albicans Dry grassy ground; frequent on coast, local
inland.
B.glareosum Dry calcareous grassland and rocky slopes, local. Langtonlees
Cleugh, Tweed near Paxton, Coldingham Bay, Lamberton.
B. mildeanum Damp grassy ground, rare. Lumsdaine 1927, near St Abbs
Head c1930.
B. rutabulum Woods, hedgerows, river banks, deans and sea banks, very
common.
B. rivulare Damp woods, river banks, marshes, moorland burns and
flushes, frequent.
B. velutinum ‘Trees and rocks in shady woods and deans. Scattered
throughout county.
B. populeum ‘Trees and rocks in woods and deans, widespread.
B. plumosum_ Rocks and boulders in rivers and burns, widespread.
Pseudoscleropodium purum Woods, moors, grasslands and sea banks.
Frequent.
Scleropodium cespitans Silty rocks, logs and tree trunks by rivers.
Frequent by Tweed from Leaderfoot to Paxton.
Cirriphyllum piliferum Damp woods and deans. Frequent.
C. crassinervium Shady rocks and tree trunks in calcareous districts. Not
uncommon near coast.
96
Rhynchostegium riparioides Rocks and boulders in rivers and burns.
Frequent especially in uplands.
R. murale Shaded basic rocks and walls in calcareous districts, rare.
Redpath Dean, Langton Burn c1930, Coldstream 1929,
Paxton 1924.
R. confertum Rocks and logs in shady woods and deans. Widespread in
lowlands.
R. megapolitanum Damp grassy sea banks, very rare. Burnmouth.
Eurhynchium striatum Woods, deans and sea banks, common.
E. pumilum Shady basic rock outcrops, especially in deans. Scattered in
lowlands.
E. praelongum ‘Two varieties occur:
E. praelongum var. praelongum Woods, hedgerows, deans, cleughs
and sea banks. Very common.
E. praelongum var. stokesii Damp woods, rare. Edin’s Hall, Allanton
1926, Longformacus c1930.
E. swartzii [wo varieties occur:
E. swartzii var. swartzii Woods, fields, river banks and on coast.
Frequent.
E. swartzii var. rigidum Shady woods and deans on calcareous
substrates, local. Pease Dean, Paxton, Milne Graden 1924,
Allanton 1926.
E. schleicheri Deans and river banks on calcareous substrates, rare. Pease
Dean, Langton Burn, Ladykirk Bridge, Lennel c1930, Ale
Water 1924.
E. speciosum Damp shady rocks, very rare. Dowlaw Dean.
Rhynchostegiella tenella var. tenella Shady basic rocks and walls in
deans, local. Langtonlees Cleugh, Pease Dean, Dunglass
Dean, Lennel.
R. teesdalei Wet shaded basic rocks, local. Dowlaw Dean, St Abbs 1923,
Foulden Dean 1923, River Eye 1955.
PLAGIOTHECIACEAE
(Plagiothecium latebricola On tree stumps, very rare and possibly extinct.
Brockholes Wood 1926.)
P. denticulatum var. denticulatum Shady rocks, walls, banks, stumps
and tree bases in woodland. Frequent.
P. curvifolium Tree bases in shady woods, overlooked and possibly
widespread. Langtonlees Cleugh, Bunkle Wood, Tower
Dean, Paxton.
P. laetum ‘Tree bases and stumps in damp woods, rare. Pickie Moss.
P. cavifolium Basic rocks in ravines, very rare. Langtonlees Cleugh.
P. succulentum Rocks, banks and stumps in woods, frequent.
((P. nemorale Not confirmed. Old records refer to preceding, but could
occur on basic rocks.) )
97
P. undulatum Upland woods, heaths and sea banks, frequent.
(Isopterygium pulchellum Rock ledges, rare. Buskin Burn 1868. Other
old records require confirmation.)
I. elegans On banks in shady woods, favouring acid soils, Frequent.
Taxiphyllum wissgrillii Basic rocks and banks in deans. Scattered localities
in eastern half of county.
HYPNACEAE
Pylaisia polyantha On elm, elder and willow in damp woods, local. Stichill
Bridge, Lochton, Bluestoneford, Hutton Bridge.
Hypnum cupressiforme ‘Three varieties occur:
H. cupressiforme var. cupressiforme Trees, rocks and walls.
Common.
H. cupressiforme var. resupinatum Dry rocks and tree trunks,
common.
H. cupressiforme var.lacunosum Sunny calcareous slopes, frequent
on coast, local inland.
H.mammillatum Trees in upland woods and cleughs, local. Langtonlees
Cleugh, Pease Dean, Penmanshiel,
H. jutlandicum Upland woods, moors, bogs and sea banks.Frequent.
H.imponens_ Raised and blanket bogs, very rare. Greenlaw Moor, Dogden
Moss 1932, Drakemire 1927.
H.lindbergii Damp stony tracks, burnsides, old quarries, woods. Scattered
localities. Blythe Water, Duns Castle 1927, Drakemire 1925.
(Ptilium crista-castrensis Old pine plantations, not seen recently. Bunkle
Wood 1926, Blackhouse Dean pre-1868, Bunkle Edge pre-
1868.)
Ctenidium molluscum var. molluscum Calcareous rocks and banks and
in mires and fens. Widespread.
((C. molluscum var. condensatum Record based on a misidentification
of var. molluscum.))
Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus Woods and heaths, especially on basic soils.
Frequent.
R.squarrosus Roadsides, old pastures, heaths, woods and sea banks. Very
common.
R. loreus Upland woods and heaths, favouring acid soils. Frequent.
Pleurozium schreberi Moors, upland woods and sea banks, common.
Hylocomium splendens Heathy woods, moors and sea banks. Common.
98
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Main sources used for records
Authors, various. (1831-1987). In: History of the Berwickshire Naturalists’
Club. For indices to botanical papers, see: 1831-1931, Centenary
Vol., 90-95; 1932-1980, Sesquicentenary Vol., 121-129. The
Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club, Berwick upon Tweed.
——. Plant records. In: Watsonia. The Botanical Society of the British Isles.
—. New Vice-county Records. In: Transactions of the British Bryological
Society, Journal of Bryology, Bulletin of the British Bryological
Society.
—. Botanical papers. In: Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh.
Corley, M. F. V. and Hill, M. O. (1981). Distribution of Bryophytes in the
British Isles. British Bryological Society.
Duncan, J. B. (1946). A list of the Bryophytes of Berwickshire. In: Transactions
of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh.
Hardy, J. (1868). Moss Flora of the Eastern Borders. In: History of the
Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club.
Hayward, I. M. and Druce, G. C. (1919). The adventive Flora of Tweedside.
T. Buncle, Arbroath.
Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (1960-1989). Biological Records Centre,
Monks Wood Experimental Station. Plant records.
Jermy, A. C., Arnold, H. R., Farrell, L. and Perring, F. H. (1978). Atlas of ferns
of the British Isles. Botanical Society of the British Isles and British
Pteridological Society, London.
Johnston, G. (1829-1831). A Flora of Berwick on Tweed. J. Carfrae and Son,
Edinburgh, and Longman, London.
— (1853). The Natural History of the Eastern Borders. J. van Voorst,
London.
Kelly, A. and Shaw, W. (1902). In: Thomson, A. Lauder and Lauderdale.
Galashiels.
Long, A. G. and Braithwaite, M. E. Manuscript: A card index of the flora of
Berwickshire. Held by M. E. B.
Long, D. G. Manuscript: A card index of the bryophyte flora of Berwickshire.
eldtby Ds Ga ls
Macvicar, S. M. (1910). The distribution of Hepaticae in Scotland. In:
Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh.
Nature Conservancy Council (1960-1989). Internal memoranda: lists of plant
species and site reports.
Perring, F. H. and Walters, S. M. (eds.) (1976). Atlas of the Flora of the British
Isles, 2nd edition. BP Publishing for the Botanical Society of the British
Isles, Wakefield.
Scottish Wildlife Trust (1960-1989). Internal memoranda: lists of plant species
and site reports.
Zs)
Smith, A. J. E. (ed.) (1978). Provisional atlas of the Bryophytes of the British
Isles. Biological Records Centre.
Thompson, J. V. (1807). A Catalogue of Plants growing in the vicinity of
Berwick on Tweed. J. White, London.
Selected reference works.
Clapham, A. R., Tutin, T. G. & Warburg, E.F. (1981). Excursion Flora of the
British Isles. 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press.
Corner, R. W. M. (1985). Flowering plants and ferns of Selkirkshire and
Roxburghshire. Botanical Society of the British Isles.
Dandy, J. E. (1969). Watsonian vice-counties of Great Britain. The Ray
Society, London.
Macvicar, S. M. (1926, reprint 1971). The Student’s Handbook of British
Hepatics. 2nd ed. Wheldon & Wesley, Hitchin.
Martin, W. K. (1982). A new concise British Flora. Ebury Press and Michael
Joseph, London.
Rose, F. (1981). The wild flower key. Warne, London.
Silverside, A. S. & Jackson, E. H. (1988). A checklist of the Flowering Plants
ands Ferns of East Lothian. Botanical Society of Edinburgh.
Smith, A. J. E. (1978). The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland. Cambridge
University Press.
Watson, E. V. (1968). British Mosses and Liverworts. 2nd ed. Cambridge
University Press.
100
FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS
Abies
Acaena
Acer
Achillea
Acinos
Aconitum
Acorus
Actaea
Adoxa
Aegopodium
Aesculus
Aethusa
Agrimonia
Agropyron
Agrostemma
Agrostis
Aira
Ajuga
Alchemilla
Alisma
Alliaria
Allium
Alnus
Alopecurus
Ammophila
Amsinckia
Anacamptis
Anagallis
Anchusa
Anemone
Angelica
Antennaria
Anthemis
Anthoxanthum
Anthriscus
Anthyllis
Antirrhinum
Aphanes
Apium
Aquilegia
Arabidopsis
Arabis
Arctium
Arctostaphylos
Aremonia
Arenaria
INDEX OF GENERA
Armeria
Armoracia
Arrhenatherum
Artemisia
Arum
Asarum
Asplenium
Astragalus
Astrantia
Athyrium
Atriplex
Avena
Avenula
Baldellia
Ballota
Barbarea
Bellis
Berberis
Berula
Betonica
Betula
Bidens
Blechnum
Blysmus
Borago
Botrychium
Brachypodium
Brassica
Briza
Bromus
Buddleja
Butomus
Buxus
Cakile
Callitriche
Calluna
Caltha
Calystegia
Camelina
Campanula
Capsella
Cardamine
Cardaria
Carduus
Carex
Carlina
Carpinus
Castanea
Catabrosa
Catapodium
Centaurea
Centaurium
Centranthus
Cerastium
Ceratophyllum
Ceterach
Chaenorhinum
Chaerophyllum
Chamaemelum
Chamaenerion
Chamerion
Cheiranthus
Chelidonium
Chenopodium
Chrysanthemum
Chrysosplenium
Cicerbita
Cichorium
Cicuta
Circaea
Cirsium
Cladium
Clematis
Clinopodium
Cochlearia
Coeloglossum
Conium
Conopodium
Convolvulus
Corallorhiza
Cornus
Coronopus
Corydalis
Corylus
Cotoneaster
Cotula
Crambe
Crataegus
Crepis
Cryptogramma
Cuscuta
Cymbalaria
Flowering Plants and Ferns—Cont.
Cynoglossum
Cynosurus
Cystopteris
Cytisus
Dactylis
Dactylorhiza
Danthonia
Daphne
Datura
Daucus
Deschampsia
Descurainia
Desmazeria
Dianthus
Digitalis
Diphasiastrum
Dipsacus
Doronicum
Draba
Drosera
Dryopteris
Echinops
Echium
Eleocharis
Eleogiton
Elodea
Elymus
Empetrum
Endymion
Epilobium
Epipactis
Equisetum
Eranthis
Erica
Erinus
Eriophorum
Erodium
Erophila
Erysimum
Euonymus
Eupatorium
Euphorbia
Euphrasia
Fagus
Fallopia
Festuca
Filago
Filipendula
Fragaria
102
Fraxinus
Fuchsia
Fumaria
Gagea
Galanthus
Galeobdolon
Galeopsis
Galinsoga
Galium
Genista
Gentianella
Geranium
Geum
Glaucium
Glaux
Glechoma
Glyceria
Gnaphalium
Goodyera
Gymnadenia
Gymnocarpium
Hedera
Helianthemum
Helictotrichon
Helleborus
Heracleum
Hesperis
Hieracium
Hippophae
Hippuris
Holcus
Honkenya
Hordelymus
Hordeum
Humulus
Huperzia
Hyacinthoides
Hydrocotyle
Hyoscyamus
Hypericum
Hypochaeris
Iberis
Tlex
Impatiens
Inula
Iris
Isolepis
Juglans
Juncus
Juniperus
Knautia
Koeleria
Laburnum
Lactuca
Lamiastrum
Lamium
Lapsana
Larix
Lathraea
Lathyrus
Lavatera
Lemna
Leontodon
Lepidium
Leucanthemum
Leucorchis
Levisticum
Leymus
Ligusticum
Ligustrum
Lilium
Linaria
Linnaea
Linum
Listera
Lithospermum
Littorella
Lolium
Lonicera
Lotus
Lunaria
Lupinus
Luzula
Lychnis
Lycopersicon
Lycopodium
Lycopsis
Lycopus
Lysimachia
Lythrum
Mahonia
Malus
Malva
Marrubium
Matricaria
Meconopsis
Medicago
Melampyrum
Flowering Plants and Ferns—Cont.
Melica
Melilotus
Mentha
Menyanthes
Mercurialis
Mertensia
Miiium
Mimulus
Minuartia
Moehringia
Molinia
Montia
Mycelis
Myosotis
Myosoton
Myrica
Myriophyllum
Myrrhis
Narcissus
Nardus
Narthecium
Nasturtium
Neottia
Nepeta
Nonnea
Nuphar
Nymphaea
Nymphoides
Odontites
Oenanthe
Oenothera
Ononis
Onopordum
Ophioglossum
Orchis
Oreopteris
Origanum
Ornithogalum
Ornithopus
Osmunda
Oxalis
Papaver
Parapholis
Parietaria
Paris
Parnassia
Pastinaca
Pedicularis
Pentaglottis
Peplis
Petasites
Petroselinum
Peucedanum
Phalaris
Phegopteris
Phleum
Phragmites
Phuopsis
Phyllitis
Picea
Picris
Pilosella
Pimpinella
Pinguicula
Pinus
Plantago
Platanthera
Poa
Polemonium
Polygala
Polygonatum
Polygonum
Polypodium
Polystichum
Populus
Potamogeton
Potentilla
Poterium
Primula
Prunella
Prunus
Pseudorchis
Pseudotsuga
Pteridium
Puccinellia
Pulicaria
Pulmonaria
Pyrola
Quercus
Radiola
Ranunculus
Raphanus
Reseda
Reynoutria
Rhamnus
Rheum
Rhinanthus
Rhododendron
Ribes
Rorippa
Rosa
Rubus
Rumex
Ruscus
Sagina
Sagittaria
Salix
Salsola
Sambucus
Samolus
Sanguisorba
Sanicula
Saponaria
Sarothamnus
Saxifraga
Scabiosa
Scandix
Schoenoplectus
Schoenus
Scilla
Scirpus
Scleranthus
Scrophularia
Scutellaria
Sedum
Selaginella
Sempervivum
Senecio
Sherardia
Sieglingia
Silaum
Silene
Silybum
Sinapis
Sison
Sisymbrium
Sium
Smyrnium
Solanum
Solidago
Sonchus
Sorbus
Sparganium
Spergula
Spergularia
Spiraea
Stachys
Flowering Plants and Ferns—Cont.
Stellaria
Succisa
Symphoricarpos
Symphytum
Syringa
Tamus
Tanacetum
Taraxacum
Taxus
Teesdalia
Teucrium
Thalictrum
Thelycrania
Thelypteris
Thlaspi
Thuja
Thymus
Acaulon
Aloina
Amblyodon
Amblystegium
Amphidium
Andreaea
Aneura
Anomobryum
Anomodon
Anthoceros
Antitrichia
Apometzgeria
Archidium
Atrichum
Aulacomnium
Barbilophozia
Barbula
Bartramia
Bazzania
Blasia
Blepharostoma
Blindia
Brachydontium
Brachythecium
104
Tilia
Torilis
Trachystemon
‘Tragopogon
Trichophorum
Trientalis
Trifolium
Triglochin
Tripleurospermum
Trisetum
Triticum
Trollius
Tsuga
Tulipa
Tussilago
Typha
Ulex
Ulmus
Urtica
Utricularia
Vaccinium
Valeriana
Valerianella
Verbascum
Verbena
Veronica
Viburnum
Vicia
Vinca
Viola
Vulpia
Zannichellia
INDEX OF GENERA
BRYOPHYTES
Breutelia
Bryum
Buxbaumia
Calliergon
Calypogeia
Campylium
Campylopus
Cephalozia
Cephaloziella
Ceratodon
Chiloscyphus
Cinclidotus
Cirriphyllum
Climacium
Cololejeunea
Conocephalum
Cratoneuron
Cryphaea
Ctenidium
Cynodontium
Desmatodon
Dichodontium
Dicranella
Dicranodonttum
Dicranoweisia
Dicranum
Diplophyllum
Ditrichum
Drepanocladus
Encalypta
Ephemerum
Eucladium
Eurhynchium
Fissidens
Fontinalis
Fossombronia
Frullania
Funaria
Grimmia
Gymnocolea
Gymnostomum
Gyroweisia
Hedwigia
Hennediella
Heterocladium
Homalia
Homalothecium
Hookeria
Bryophytes—Cont.
Hygrohypnum
Hylocomium
Hyophila
Hypnum
Isopterygium
Isothecium
Jungermannia
Kurzia
Leiocolea
Lejeunea
Lepidozia
Leptobryum
Leptodonttum
Leskea
Leucobryum
Leucodon
Lophocolea
Lophozia
Lunularia
Marchantia
Marsupella
Metzgeria
Mnium
Mylia
Nardia
Neckera
Nowellia
Odontoschisma
Oligotrichum
Orthodontium
Orthotrichum
Oxystegus
Pellia
Phaeoceros
Phascum
Philonotis
Physcomitrium
Plagiochila
Plagiomnium
Plagiothecium
Pleuridium
Pleurozium
Pogonatum
Pohlia
Polytrichum
Porella
Pottia
Pseudephemerum
Pseudobryum
Pseudoscleropodium
Pterogonium
Pterygoneuron
Ptlidium
Ptulium
Ptychomitrium
Pylaisia
Racomitrium
Radula
Reboulia
Rhizomnium
Rhodobryum
Rhynchostegiella
Rhynchostegium
Rhytidiadelphus
Riccardia
Riccia
Scapania
Schistidium
Scleropodium
Scorpidium
Seligeria
Sphagnum
Sphenolobus
Splachnum
Taxiphyllum
Tetraphis
Tetraplodon
Thamnobryum
Thuidium
Tortella
Tortula
Trichocolea
Trichostomum
‘Tritomaria
Ulota
Weissia
Zygodon
105
Clubmoss
Horsetail
Fern
Conifer
Buttercup
Berberis
Water-lily
Hornwort
Poppy
Fumitory
Crucifer
Mignonette
Violet
Milkwort
St. John’s Wort
Rock-rose
Campion
Monta
Goosefoot
Lime
Mallow
Flax .
Geranium
Wood-sorrel
Balsam
Maple
Horse-chestnut
Holly
Spindle
Box
Buckthorn
Pea
Rose
Stonecrop
Saxifrage
Grass-of-Parnassus
TABLE OF FAMILIES
FLOWERING PLANTS AND FERNS
Currant
Sundew
Purple-loosestrife
Daphne
Sea-buckthorn
Willowherb
Water-milfoil
Mare’s-tail
Water-starwort
Dogwood
Ivy
Umbellifer
Asarabacca
Spurge
Dock
Nettle
Hop
Elm
Walnut
Bog-myrtle
Birch
Hazel
Beech, Oak
Willow
Heath
Wintergreen
Crowberry
Thrift
Primrose
Buddleja
Ash, Privet
Periwinkle
Gentian
Bogbean
Jacob’s Ladder
42
Borage, Forget-me-not 42
Bindweed
Nightshade
Figwort,
Speedwell
Toothwort
Butterwort
Verbena
Mint
Plantain
Bellflower
Bedstraw
Honeysuckle
Moschatel
Valerian
Scabious
Daisy
Water-plantain
Flowering-rush
Canadian
Waterweed
Arrowgrass
Pondweed
Horned Pondweed
Lily
Herb-Paris
Rush
Daffodil
Iris
Black Bryony
Orchid
Arum
Duckweed
Bur-reed
Bulrush
Sedge
Grass
The families are printed above in systematic order using the English name of
the family, the English name of typical genera, or the Latin family name where
there is no convenient English name. It is hoped that readers more familiar with
English names will in many instances be able to infer the family to which a
chosen species relates and thus be able to turn to a likely page.
106
GAZETTEER
Abbey St Bathans 76 62 Brotherstone 61 35
Aikyside Wood 79 60 Brotherstone Hill 61 36
Airhouse Quarry 4753 Bunkle 80 59
Airhouse Wood 4753 Bunkle Edge 80 60
Ale Mill 9163 Burnmouth 95 61
Ale Water map Buskin Burn 89 66
Allanbank 85 54 Butterlaw 83 44
Allanton 8654 Byrecleugh 62 58
Allanton Lodge 86 54
Almaheart 7857 Cairnbank TS) 5B
Antons Hill 78 43. Cammerlaws 65 50
Auchencrow 8560 Carfrae Common 48 58
Ayton 9261 Carfraemill 50) 53)
Carham 79 38
Bassendean 6245 Castle Law 81 41
Bemersyde Hill 59 34 Cawderstanes 94 53
Bemersyde Moss 61 33 Chapel on Leader 56 41
Berrywell 79 53. ~+Cheeklaw 78 52
The Bield 69 42 Cheeklaw House VS SZ
Billie Castle 85 59 Chester Hill 52 46
Billie Mill 85 56 Chirnside 86 56
Billie Mire 85 58 Chirnside House 88 56
Birgham 79 39 + Clarabad 92 54
Birgham Haugh ’ 79 38 Clarabad Wood 92 54
Birgham Moor 79 40 Cleekhimin S52)
Birgham Wood 79 39 ~—=-Clints Hill 44 54
Bishops Bog 78 40 Cockburn Ford VST
Black Hill 58 37. Cockburn Law 76 59
Blackhouse Dean 82 61 Cockburn Mill 77 58
Blackadder Water map Cockburnspath Vila
Blackburn Farm 7766 Coldingham 90 65
Blackburnrig Dean 7965 Coldingham Bay 91 66
Blackburnrig Wood 79 65 Coldingham Common 85 68
Blacksmill Burn 70 57 Coldingham Loch 89 68
Blanerne 83 56 Coldingham Moor 86 67
Blinkbonny, Nenthorn 67 38 Coldingham Sands 91 66
Blinkbonny, Foulden 93 56 Coldingham Shore = St Abbs
Bluestoneford 8755 Coldstream 84 39
Blythe Moor Sye550 Corsbie 60 44
Blythe Water 57 49 Corsbie Bog 60 43
Bowshiel Dean Ween, Cove 78 71
Broad Bog 8168 Cove Harbour 78 71
Brockholes 82 63 Cowdenknowes S77
Brockholes Wood 8165 Craigswalls Wood 84 55
Broomhill 8055 Cranshaws Pond 68 61
Broomhouse 8056 Crib Law 52 59
107
Gazetteer—Cont.
Cross Law
Cuddy Wood
Cumledge
Cumledge Bridge
Cumledge Mill
Danderhall
Dirrington Great Law
Dogden Moss
Dowlaw
Dowlaw Burn
Dowlaw Dean
Dowlaw Moss
Drakemire
Drone Moss
Dronshiel
Dryburgh
Dryburgh Abbey
Drygrange
Dunglass Burn
Dunglass Dean
Duns
Duns Castle
Dunside Hill
Dye Cottage
Dye Water
Earlston
Earnscleugh Water
Earnsheugh
Earnsheugh Camp
East Crook Burn
East Water =?Easter Burn
Easter Burn
Ecclaw
Ecclaw Hill
Eccles
Eccles Pools
Eden Hall
Eden Water
Edgarhope
Edington Mill
Edingtonhill
Edin’s Hall
Edmonds Dean
Edrington
Edrington Mill
Edrom
Elba
108
87 68
74 52
79 56
78 56
56
62 32
69 54
68 49
85 70
85 69
86 70
84 69
80 60
84 66
JOS
Sori
39) 3)1
S35
WO Vl
How
78 53
77 54
63 56
64 58
map
S38
54 49
39 69
89 69
6959
Sis) SS)
75 68
VS Ol
76 41
77 41
76 38
map
54 50
89 54
90) 57,
77 60
77 67
93 54
93 54
82 55
78 60
Ellemford
Eller Burn
Everett Moss
Eye Water
Fallago Ridge Head
Fancove Head
Fangrist Burn
Fans
Fast Castle
Fernyrig Bog = Bishops Bog
Fireburn Mill
Fishwick Mains
Flass Wood
Fleurs
Foul Burn
Foul Burn Bridge
Foulden
Foulden Burn
Foulden Dean
Foulden Hag Wood
Foulden New Mains
Foulden Pond
Gateheugh
Gavinton
Girtrig Pond
Gledswood
Godscroft
Gordon
Gordon Bogs
Gordon Common
Gordon Moss
Grantshouse
Great Dirrington Law
Greenheugh Point
Greenknowe
Greenknowe Tower
Greenlaw
Greenlaw Dean
Greenlaw Kaims
Greenlaw Moor
Greenwood
Greystonelees
Grizelrig
Gunsgreen
Haigsfield
Hallyburton
72 60
76 60
60 43
map
57 61
95 62
69 48
61 41
36 70
82 39
91 49
62 51
91 65
W2eS2,
TW Sl
OY) SYS)
9255
92555
SNH,
91 56
QS
59 34
TO SZ
VY SO)
58 34
74 63
64 43
63 41
65 43
63 42
80 65
69 54
79 70
64 44
63 42
71 46
69 47
69 50
gtd
83 64
95 60
78 42
95 65
80 40
67 48
Gazetteer—Cont.
Hallydown
Harcarse
Hardens Hill
Hareheugh Craigs
Harelawcraigs
Harelaw Hill
92 64
81 48
73 54
L955
WO DS
76 55
Harkers Tile Works= Harcarse
Harrietfield
Hartside
Hassington
Headshaw Burn
Heathery Carr
Hen Poo
Hilton Bay
The Hirsel
Hirsel Lake
Hirsel Law
Hogs Law
Homebank
Hoprigshiels
Horndean
Horndean Burn
Horseupcleugh
Houndwood
Howpark Burn
Hule Moss
Hume
Hume Castle
Hume Craigs
Hume Mill
Hutton
Hutton Bridge
Hutton Castle
Hutton Castle Mill
Jordonlaw Moss
Kelloe
Kelmscott
Kelphope Burn
Kettleshiel
Kettleshiel Burn
Killmade Burn
Kimmerghame
Kippetlaw Burn
70 36
44 54
73 41
48 57
89 69
77 54
213), SS)
82 40
82 40
82 42
3)5.55)
80 39
74 68
89 49
90 49
66 58
84 63
82 66
71 49
70 41
70 41
70 41
70 40
90°53
92 54
88 54
90 54
61 49
84 53
63 49
SSS
HORS
70 50
66 62
$1 51
69 55
Kirkbonny ?= Blinkbonny, Foulden
Kyles Hill
Ladykirk
72 50
88 47
Ladykirk Bridge = Norham Bridge
Lamberton
Lamberton Beach
Lamberton Cliffs
Lamberton Moor
Langstruther Bog
Langton
Langton Mill
Langton Woods
Langtonlees Cleugh
Lauder
Lauder Burn
Lauder Common
Lauder Hill
Lauderdale
Leader Water
Leaderfoot
Leet Water
Legerwood
Legerwood Pond
Leitholm
Leitholm Loch
Lennel
Lightfield
Linkim Shore
Linthill
Lintlaw
Lintlaw Burn
Lintlaw School
Lithtllum Loch
Little Dean Pond
Lochton
Long Bog
Long Moss
Longformacus
Longformacus House
Longmuir Moss
Lumsdaine
Lumsdaine Dean
Lumsdaine Shore
Lurgie Loch
Macks Mill
Magdalenehall
Manderston
Marden
Meikle Says Law
Mellerstain
The Merse
Qo S7/
97258
97 58
95 58
81 67
VSD
76 52
(Sey
13 SZ
52 47
52 46
50 46
S047
5 4
map
57 34
map
58 43
58 43
78 44
7 4
85 40
64 41
92 65
O2i63
82 58
83 58
82 58
80 40
O1EG2
7138
55) 53)
85 68
69 57
69 57
4751
87 69
86 69
87 70
67 39
66 44
6293Z
81 54
80 56
58 61
64 39
7 4
109
Gazetteer—Cont.
Mertoun
Mertoun Bridge
Middlethird
Middlethird Bog
Millars Moss
Millknowe Burn
Milne Graden
Milne Graden Burn
Mire Loch
Mordington
Mordington Pond
Muircleugh
Nenthorn
Netherbyres
Netherbyres Mill
New Horndean
New Ladykirk
Newton Don
Newton Quarry
Ninewells
Nisbet
Nisbet Bridge
N
N
Jorham Bridge
Jorthfield
Old Cambus
Old Cambus Quarry
Old Lamberton Toll
Old Langtonlees
Old Linthill
Oxendean
Oxton
Paradise
Paxton
Paxton Dean
Paxton House
Pease Bay
Pease Dean
Peelrig
Penmanshiel
Penmanshiel Moss
Penmanshiel Wood
Petticowick
Pickie Moss
Polwarth Church
Polwarth Moss
Press Castle
110
61 31
61 32
68 43
68 43
90 68
68 50
87 44
87 44
91 68
95 56
S551)
50 45
68 37
94 63
93 63
89 49
89 48
LO D7
85 48
86 55
Te)
Ts)
89 47
SIRGy7,
80 69
80 70
Nt Sy!
3S
93 62
TESS
49 53
72) SO
93y53
3) SW
a} SZ}
1971.0
79 70
VD SZ
VOY
82 68
79 68
90 69
58 44
74 49
10!
86 65
Preston
Primrose Hill
Quixwood Moor
Ramsheugh
Ramsheugh Bay
Rathburne
Redheugh
Redheugh Dean
Redpath Dean
Redpath Hill
Redpath Moss
Reed Point
Reston
Retreat
Ross
Rotten Cleugh
Rumbleton
St Abbs
St Abbs Head
St Helens Church
St Thomas’s Island
Seenes Law
Shannabank
Shiel Burn
Shiningpool Moss
Siccar Point
Silverwells
Sisterpath
Skaithmuir
Smiddyhill Bridge
Soonhope Burn
Soutra
Spottiswoode
Spottiswoode Loch
Springhill
Stichill Bridge
Stuartslaw Pond
Sturdon Burn
Stichill
Stichill Linn
Stot Cleugh
Sunwick
Swinton
Swinton House
Thirlestane Castle
V2 ST
US S7/
77 64
VI WA:
aie:
68 57
82 70
82 70
58 36
59 36
59 36
VIVA
88 62
77 60
96 60
56 60
68 45
91 67
91 69
80 70
92 49
55) Dy!
75 62
58 60
70 52
81 70
37 66
75 48
83 43
69 61
3356
47 57
60 49
61 49
78 38
69 36
35) 55
55 41
less
1037.
63 58
89 52
83 47
81 47
53 47
Gazetteer—Cont.
Threeburnford
Tibby Fowler’s Glen
Tollishill
Tower Dean
‘Trottingshaw
Turf Law
River Tweed
Tweedhill
Twinlaw
Union Bridge
Watch Water
Watch Water Reservoir
Wedderburn
Well Cleugh Burn
46 52
94 54
51 58
78 70
64 58
47 56
map
93511
62 54
3) Sil
66 56
66 56
80 52
13952
West Blanerne
Westerside Dean
West Foulden
Westruther
Whalplaw Burn
Wheel Burn
White Hill
Whiteadder Water
Whitchester
Whitehall
Whitehall Pond
Whitlaw
Wild Wood
Wrunklaw
Wrunklaw Burn
Wylie Cleugh
82 56
88 69
91 54
63 50
55) 55
56 51
57/37
map
TD SS
87 55
37 5S
49 47
77 60
67 58
66 58
80 43
111
ig Gon?
ete simul
ft Y inaegt nines
_ ORY. ea
Tebntiaae
1 eenle
ae ‘tea (
Barun {Neen
7 3 Pestygiy BT
a mre Day
Peas Teer
‘$esea
‘Popettag pide
Ronresianks Moves
SP geaiernttitel. Wdvod
i
Wee raat “4
ie Charis
Ree
Reus
jhe Chap
Ranttibieiay
St Abbe
By Apia eo:
At Aielene £. “ugh: Ce ne
By "t Huserige i, ant a,
Troctnes Liew, ee
Sepa tt ARAN
NM 3 Casey
Weeynygheust here
aay! Visi
ORS:
Arerputh.
Peaiimevatr
Sretedily tale Bru tow
hewn aen: Sibi
‘Satie
Recta vOn ile -
Spiiviewoae Lath.
Springs
arch! tride
Shawtlaw Pra
Meruretoe coats
Sacha
See Tine
tio tai
Swi og
Y tar ae
mM
wi:
et
y Sy i
eon
Re saa
This is the most comprehensive
catalogue to date of the flowering
plants, ferns and bryophytes found in
Berwickshire’s countryside, offering
an informed opinion of the current
status of each species together with
historical information. Introductory
sections give a more general overview
of the flora.
Cover illustrations — Bill Young
Front cover — Common Rock-rose, Helianthemium nununiularnon
Wood-sorrel
Oxalis acetosella
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11