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BOWEN'S

PICTURE OF BOSTON.

OR THE

CITIZEN'S AND STRANGER'S

GUIDE

TO THE

METROPOLIS OF MASSACHUSETTS,

AND ITS ENVIRONS.

EMBELLISHED WITH ENGRAVINGS.

BOSTON.

PUBLISHED BY ABEL BOWEN,

?T0. 2, CONGRESS SQCARE.
MDCCCXNIX.

SOLD EY D. EELT AND C. S. FRANCIS, NEW TORK ; W. C.
LITTLE, ALBANY; CAREY, LEA & CAREY, PHl-
ADELPHIA ; E. J. COALE, BALTIMORE;
AND P. THOMPSON, WASHINGTON.

Henry Bowen, Printer.

DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, TO WIT :

District Clerk's Office.

BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the hventy-ninth day of Decem-
ber, A. D. 1828, in the fifu -third j-ear of the Independence of the Uni-
ted States of America, ADEL BOWEN, ol said district, has deposited
in this office, the title of a book, the tight whereof he claims as proprie-
tor, in the words following, to wit:

'Buwen's Picture of Ronton, or (he Citizen's and Stranger's Guide to
the Metropolis of Massachusetts and its envi: ons. Embellished with en-
gravings.'

In con form it}- to the Act of the Concress of (iie United States, enti-
tled 'An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies
cf maps, charts and hooks, to the authors and proprietors of such copies,
during the times therein mentioned :' and also to an Act entitled 'An Act
fmpplementary to an Act, entitled An -Act for the encouragement of
learning, by. seeming the copies of maps, charts and books to the authors
an;! proprietor of such copies during tfic times therein mentioned; and
extending the b^nc/jt? thereof to the aits of designing, engiaving and,
etching historical and other prints.'

JOHN" W. DAVIS,
CJcrk of the district of Massachusetts.

PREFACE.

The object which the publisher had in view when ha
commenced the collection of the materials for this vol-
ume, was to furnish the citizen and traveller with a con-
venient pocket volume, that might serve to give a gen-
eral acquaintance with the various objects of interest,
that constitute the most common subjects of inquiry,
when a stranger visits our citv. How far he has sue-
ceeded, it remains with a candid and generous public to
decide. He trusts that his endeavors will be kindlj- ap-
preciated, and that the patronage of his fellow citizens,
to this attempt, will enable him in subsequent editions,
to add such improvements as will make the work a per-
fect index to this interesting metropolis.

The multiplicity of subjects, proper to be introduced,
make it frequently difficult to decide on those to which
a preference should be given in each particular place. —
Some subjects are briefly noticed, which some individu-
als may perhaps be pleased or interested to see more

4 PREFACE.

largely delineated. If to such any apology may be ne-
cessary, the profession of a good intention is all the pub-
lisher can offer. His interest in the History of Boston,
published a few j'ears since, migbt in propriety, forbid
him to say it, otherwise he would suggest the belief that
almost every subject relative to this city will be found
amply discussed in that volume. And if the flattering
opinions of friends may be relied on, he can hardly wish
for this volume a reputation for correctness superior to
what that work enjoys.

The History of Boston is designed to be a connected
narrative of events from the foundation of the city to the
time of its publication. This work, the Picture of Boston,
presents a bird's eye view of the most prominent objects.
This explanation may serve to obviate misapprehension
as to the similarity of the two works.

There are probably in these pages about eight hun-
dred dates, and an equal number of measurements and
other facts requiring the use of figures. For the great-
er part of these the publisher lias had the advantage of
examining original records, but for some of them he
has been dependent on printed documents, which in
many instances vary from each other. Every oppor-

PREFACE. 5

tunity that occurs will be hereafter improved to verify
and make certain whatever may now remain in any de-
gree doubtful ; and the publisher will feel obliged to
all who have in possession the means of correcting any
error, and will so far interest themselves as to give him
information of its discoverj\

Special acknowledgments are due to those individuals
who have aided in furnishing materials for this volume,
which they will perceive in most instances to be used
without the marks of quotation. The following books
and maps have been consulted with much service :

History of Boston, by C. H. Snow, M. D.

" the Antient and Honorable Artillery, by Z. G.

Whitman, Esq.
" Cambridge, by Rev. Dr. Holmes.
" Quincy, by Geo. Whitney, Esq.
" Hingham, by C. Lincoln, Esq.
" Dedham, by E. Worthington, Esq.
" Lynn, by Mr. Alonzo Lewis, (in MSS.)
Description of Boston, by C. Shaw, Esq.
Boston Directory, by Messrs. Hunt k. Stimpson.
Mercantile Directory, printed by Messrs. Beals & Ho-
mer.

C PREFACE.

Hale's Survey of Boston and its vicinity.
Stage Register, by Messrs. Badger & Porter.
Massachusetts Register, by Mr. James Loring.
Gazetteer of Massachusetts, by Dr. Spofibrd.

" New-Hampshire, by J. Farmer and J. B,
Moore, Esqs.

Laws and Ordinances of Boston, Printed by Messrs,
True Sc Greene.

Silliman's Journal,

Boston News Letter for 1826, 8 vo.

MAPS.

Hale's map of the New-England State.?.

Hales' map of Boston and vicinity.

Plan of Boston, published by Messrs. Annin & Smith,

Sc J. V. N. Throop.
Plan of Charlestown.
Plan of the Battle of Bunker Hill.

CONTENTS.

Introductory History,

Boston in Districts,

County of Suffolk, -

City Government,

Boston Schools,

Athenaeum, -

Libraries, - - - -

Periodicals, -

Societies, -

Public Buildings.

Bridges, i

Hospitals, -

Trade and Commerce,

Islands, -

Boston Churches,

Burial Grounds and Monuments,

p.tge 13

- 17
21

- 22

- -to

- 19

70
91
101
112
118
121
178

S CONTENTS.

Military, 183

Places of Amusement, ..... 1S7

Anniversaries, ...... 19Q

Hotels, 199

Stages, 210

Canals, 216

Banks, 218

Insurance Companies, - 221

Recent and Projected Improvements, - - 223
Ancient Buildings, - ... . . . 224

Environs, 229

Index, 247

A KEV TO THE MAP.

The following names of the Streets, Lanes, Public edifices, Lc. aic
given in alphabetical order, to serve as an index lo the accompanying
Plan of Boston.

2i, B. To rind any Street on the plan, scaicli for the number pnnexed.
in the square given by the letters following the name ; thin, fin School
street look in square F h, and you find thenunsbei 323. Public ed-
ifices, ice. not numbered, are located within the squares refened to.
The wards are designated by larce figures, and the doited lines show
the boundaiies of each. The ancient high water mark is shown by
the shading on the plan.

Allen st.

C d

Brattle sq 'are

130

Allen st. S.

U e

Bread st.

I h

Ann st.

I e

Bridge st.

r. f

Aich st.

F j

123

Brighton st.

B c

Ash st.

162

Bioad st.

102

Atkinson st,

Biomfield st.

122

Bangs alley

11 h

Btdfinch st.

Bath st.

11 i

Bulfinch place

Battel y alley

J c

Bumstcad pl.ice

E i

Battery-maich st.

H h

9-5

Butlolph st.

Beach st.

E 1

150

Butlcis row

«8

Beacon st.

124

Cainbiidge s!.

C f

Bed foid st.

E k

112

Cai lies com I

F f

Bedfoid pLce

F k

Carver st.

C m

3 GO

Belknap st.

c§

Ca-tlc st.

D o

105

Betinet st. S.

156

Causeway'-?!.

E c

Bcnnet si. X.

Central st.

11 U

■J6

Beiry st.

11 J

111

Cential cou: I

I^j

Blossom st.

C f

Cent.'e st. N.

II I

Bowdoin st.

i>s

Cen'.ie st.

«S

Bowdoin phice

D h

Chamber st.

C f

Bowdoin square.

E f

Chris lestown st.

G d

Bojlsion st.

D 1

J 51

Chank'n st.

r: f

Boyklon court

D 1

Charles st.

A h

123

Boybton square

('hat ham st.

If 5

>•>

Biatilc st.

Charter st.

H b

PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Chauncy place

139

Garden st.

Chesnut st.

B i

Garden couit st.

Clark it.

George st.

130

Columbia st.

147

Gibbs lane

184

Common st.

E i

134

Governour alley

F i

185

Congress st.

0 h

Gooch st.

Cooks court

Gravel st.

C d

Copeland lane

F f

Green st.

D e

Cornhill court

Gridley lane

109

Court st.

Grove st.

Court square

Haerlem place

E k

Ciab alley

Hamilton st.

108

Crescent couit

E e

Hamilton place

203

Cross st.

H e

Hamilton avenue

I i

Custom house st.

Hancock st.

Custom house

Hanover st.

H e

Canal or Mill Creek. G e

171

Hartford place

Deacon st.

180

Harvard st.

E m

155

Derne st.

181

Harvard place

Devonshire st.

G h

Halters square

Distill-hou«e square

F e

Hawkins st.

Doane st.

Hawlcy st.

136

Dock square

Haw ley place

East st.

G J

182

Haymarket place

Eaton st.

G e

Hayward place

Elliot st.

D m

152

Henchman lane

Elm st.

G f

Highst,

114

Essex st.

146

Hollis st.

D in

157

Exchange st.

Hospital square

B e

Federal st.

120

Howard st.

Federal court S.

Hull st.

H e

Federal court N".

G f

India st.

100

Flag alley

Jarvis row

Fleet st.

Jefferson place

E m

Foster st.

Kingston st.

140

Franklin st.

137

Kilby st.

H h

Franklin place

121

Kneeland st.

E m

153

Franklin avenue

183

Langdon place

Friends st.

G e

Leverett st.

C c

Front st.

E o

164

Leverett court

Fruit st.

B e

Leverett place

179

Gallop alley

H e

Liberty square

H e

201

STREETS.

Lincoln st. G 1 117

jLindal! st. Hh 186

Lowell plsce D 1

Lynn st. Df Gl

Lynde st. lb 2

Margaret st. He 137

Ma; gin st. N. G d 36

Margin st. S. E e 45

Market st. F 5 84

Markets!. N. and S. H g 1

Market row G g

Maiket place E I

Marlboro' place F i

Marlboro' roir F i

Med ford st. Ed 188

Marsh lane G f

Mai shall si. G f 57

Mason st. Dk 142

May s*. B g 125

Met chants row H g £3

Merrimac s». E e 32

Methodist alley J <! 12

Milk st. Gi 119

Millonsf. C c 189

Millpond st. G d 35

Moon st. Id 23

Mount Vernon C g

Myrtle s!. B h 12G

Newbury place E k

North square I e 200

North row He

Norfolk place E k

Olive st. B h 123

Oliver st. II i 105

Otis place F k

Park ?t. D i 133

Pearl st. II i 106

Peck lane Fl 143

Pinckney st. B g 127

Pine st. D n 163

Pitts st. E e 43

Pitts coart E e

Pleasant st. B m

Poplar st. C d

Portland st. Fe

Portland phce F f

Prince st. H c

Prospect st. D d

Purchase st. I j

Quincy place I j
Roe-liuck passage H g

Richmond st. H e

Ridgeway lane D g

Robinson alley I c

Robbins court II e

Russel st. S. C g

Russel st. N. C F

Salem st, II d

Salt lane G f

Salutation alley Ic

School ;t. H f

School alley H d

S colts couit G g

Sea st. H 1

Second st. C c

Sheafe si. H c

Sheaf lane Dk

Short st. F k

Sister st. H j

Snow Hill st. G c

Somerset st. E g

Someiset place E g

Somerset con; t Eh

South st. G J

Southack si. R g

Spiingst. Cd

Spring Jan;* G i

Spruce st. B i

Slaniford s(. D f

State st. H h

Stillman st. G e

Suffolk place E k

Sudbury st. F f

Summer M, Fj

1G0
51
40

190
107

11
123

115

143

145

112

124

l»i

67
43

194

192

193

139

PICTURE OF EOSTON.

Sumner s(.

C !.

128 193

Washington gf.

D m

154

Sun C*mit st.

I 0

Washington plnce

104

Swectser couii

Washington a^ enue

• J i

Temple st.

»S

Watei st.

G h

118

Thachcr sf.

G d

195

Well st.

I li

Theatre alley

G i

196

West st.

141

Tilesion st.

Wliai f st.

101

Ti emont place

F h

Whi»e bread alley

Union st.

Williams st.

113

Unity st.

Williams court

G h

Vine si.

1$ e

Wilsons lane

Wnlnut =(.

C h

132

Wiltshire st.

197

Wan en sf.

C m

159

Winter st.

E i

135

Wai ren pl.ice

Wi'Jthrop place

G k

rniyciPAL wharves.

1. Commercial whai f

2. Wu;m simet fVny way

3. Battel y wharf

4. Union wharf

5. Hancock's whaif

6. Lewis's whai f

7. Mercantile wharf

8. Mercantile wharf

9. City wharl

9. T wharf

J b

10. Long wharf

K c

11. Central whai f

K h

J A

12. India wharf

J h

K e

18. Liverpool wharf

I k

K e

14. Russia wharf

I k

J f

15. Wheeler's point

G n

I P

16. Baxter's wharf

F n

17.

NOTED BLOCKS.

Banisters hall
Fayette place
Congress square
Cornhill squaie
Hinckley's buildings
Market «quare
Merchants' hall
Parkman's buildings

F h
Djk
G h
G h
II h

"S
G h

Phillips' buildings II h

Province House row F i

Rogers' buildings G h

Scollay's do. F g

South row G i

Suffolk buildings G h

Tudor's do. F h

West row E f

INTRODUCTORY HISTORY.

Boston', the metropolis of Massachusetts, contains
about 70,000 inhabitants, and is situated on a peninsula,
nearly three miles in length and a little over a mile in
breadth, of an uneven surface, at the head of Massachu-
setts-bay, in north latitude 42° 23'. It was settled by
Governor Winthrop and his associates, in 1630, and
received its name in honor of the Rev. John Cotton,
who emigrated from Boston in Lincolnshire, England.
The name was confirmed by act of Court, September 7,
1630, O. S. which may be considered the date of the
foundation of Boston. Its original Indian name was
Shawmut, and for a short time, previous to receiving
the present name, it was called Trimountain.

The neck or isthmus which connects the peninsula to
the main land, is at the south part of the city, and joins
to Roxbury. Boston is bounded on the wosr by Brook-
line and Charles River, which winds round between
Copp's Hill and Charlestown, on the north, and empties
itself into the harbour, which lies on the east, — having
Dorchester and Roxbury on the south. The surface of
the peninsula swells into three eminences. — Beacon
Hill which is on the westerly part, now rises 110 feet
above high water mark, but was originally about 30 feet
higher. Fort Hill, another eminence, on the easterly
side, facing the harbour, rises about SO feet above the
2

14 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

sea, and the third which is called Copp's Hill, is at the
northerly extremity of the city, and rises about 50 feet
above high water.

Most of the land which was originally the surface of
the peninsula, is either covered with buildings or occu-
pied as gardens, except the Common, consisting of about
50 acres of upland and 25 of fiats, which was generously
reserved by the first settlers for a training field and
other public purposes, to be kept unimpaired to the lat-
est posterity. The streets of the oldest parts of the city,
are generally narrow and crooked, and were laid out ap-
parently without regard to convenience or taste. But
in the parts more recently built, they are wider, and the
buildings display elegance and splendor equal to any
other city in the Union. The communication between
the country and the city is very convenient, having be-
sides the natural passage from Roxbury, the Mill-Dam
which forms a grand western avenue into the city from
Brookline and Brighton, and six excellent bridges. Two
of these connect Boston with Cambridge, two with
Charlestown, and two unite it with South Boston, which
was set off from Dorchester in 1S04, and constitutes a
part of the city.

The Harbor extends from Nanta^ket to the city,
and spreads from Chelsea and Nahantto Hingham, con-
taining about 75 square miles. It is bespangled with
upwards of 100 islands or rocks, and receives the wa-
ters from Mystic, Charles, Neponset and Manatticut
Rivers, with several other smaller streams. The most
noted islands are Governor's Island and Castle Island,
both of which are fortified : the former is now called Fort
Warren, the latter Fort Independence. They lie about
two and a half miles easterly from the city, dividing \]\e
inner from the outer harbour, about one mile distance from

INTRODUCTORY HISTORY. 15

each other, and the only channel for large ships passes
between them. Noddle's Island and Bell Isle, lie to the
north of the city on the Chelsea coast, — the first of
which has Fort Strong on its eastern extremity, built by
the citizens in 1814. Deer Island about five miles east,
and Long Island about five and a half east by south,
command the outer harbour. Thompson and Spectacle
Island lie south-easterly towards Squantum, and within
the parallel of Long Island. Rainsford or Hospital Isl-
and is about one mile south-easterly from Long Island.
Gallop, George and Lovel's Islands lie east by south
from seven to eight miles from Boston, and between
Broad Sound and Nantasket Road. Pethick's Island
lies south of Nantasket Road or Hingham Bay. The
Light House Island, on which the Light House stands,
lies south 69° cast, S 2-3 miles. The Brewsters, Calf
Island, Green Island, &c. lie northerly from the Light
House, forming a chain of islands, rocks and ledges
about three miles, to the Graves Rocks, between which
no ships attempt to pass."

The water in this harbor is of a sufficient depth to
admit 500 ships of the largest class to ride at anchor in
safety; while the entrance is so narrow as scarcely to
admit two ships abreast. Boston is finely situated for
commerce and has more shipping than any other city in
the United States, except New- York. The wharves
and piers are extensive, — provided with spacious stores
and warehouses, with ever)* convenience for the safe
mooring and securing of vessels.

The city exhibits a very picturesque and beautiful
view when approached from the sea, and its general

* See a crunp'ele Wd of all (lie islands, with [heir beatings and dU-
t'n;c?.iu Di. Snow's Histoijr i>l Boston, jiuge 114.

16 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

appearance is much admired by strangers. In many
respects it has been compared with Liverpool. An
English traveller observes, tbat he was much struck
with the resemblance, in the general aspect and furni-
ture of the houses ; in the domestic arrangements and
style of living, and in the manners, habits, and charac-
ter of the people.

The Town was governed by nine Selectmen, chosen
by the people annually, till 1S22, when it became an in-
corporated city, and is now governed b}'a Mayor, S Al-
dermen, and 48 Common Councilmen, chosen annually
by the citizens.

Boston is the seat, of various literary and scientific in-
stitutions, and probably no city of its size in the world is
better supplied with schools. It has been greatly distin-
guished in the history of this country, in consequence of
the conspicuous part taken in the events and transactions
which led to the American Revolution. It is also the
seat of Government. The state Legislature convenes
here twice a year. The first session, after the choice of
members, takes place in the State House on the first
Wednesday in May, which is the commencement of our
political year. The second session commences usually
on the second Wednesday of January.

It has the credit of being 'the Literary Emporium of
the Western World,' and perhaps justly, for it is a fact,
that a greater portion of the distinguished men of our
nation have arisen, from this city and its vicinity, than
from any other place in the United States. Besides
those distinguished for literary acquirements, there are
many who have been equally distinguished as patriots
and statesmen. Among the inhabitants of Boston and
Cambridge, We have descendants of the celebrated
John Calvin, the reformer of Geneva ; of Sebastian Ca-

NORTH BOSTON. 17

bot, the distinguished English navigator; of Dr. Win.
Ames, the author of the Medulla Theologiae : of Bishop
Edmund Grindall, of John Fox, the Martyrologist, and
John Rogers, the first who sealed with his life the pio-
fession of his faith, in the reign of the bigoted Mary.

BOSTON I?>T DISTRICTS."

NORTH BOSTON.

Boston, like many other large cities, has been, by
common consent, divided into districts, with names indi-
cating the location of each. Thus wc have North Bos-
ton, West Boston, South End, and South Boston. The
first section embraces the north-end of the city, or all
that part lying north of Faneuil-Hall and the Canal or
Mill-Creek. This is the oldest part, and formerly had
the advantage of the principal trade. The streets here
are generally narrow and crooked, and remain much as
they were when first constructed, on the model of the
old towns in England. ' The government of the town,
.coon after its settlement, endeavoured to correct some of
their early errors, yet they seem to have had an utter
aversion to straight lines or right angles; and though
their moral walk was upright, they took little pains to
make their crooked highways straight.' This irregular-
ity, however, was partly occasioned by the uneven sur-
face of the ground when the city was first built, and it
is by no means certain that this ancient disposition of
the streets, manifests a want of taste, or has materially
injured the appearance of the city. On this subject, a
writer observes, ' the forms and turnings of the streets
of London, and other old towns, are produced by acci-
dent, without any original plan or design ; but they are
not always the less pleasant to the walker or spectator.

18 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

on that account. On the contrary, had they been built
on the regular plan of Sir Christopher Wren, the effect
might have been, as it is in some new places, rather un-
pleasing.' In North Boston the buildings are mostly old
and built of wood, which exhibit the different styles of
architecture used for a period of more than a century and
a half. There are two houses, which from the charac-
ter of the former occupants, may attract the notice of
strangers. The three story brick building at the cor-
ner of Salem and Charter Streets, now the Asylum for
Indigent Boys, Avas erected by Governor Phipps, who
died in 1695; and a very handsome house in Garden
Court street, North-square, for many years occupied
by William Little, Esq. was the residence of Lieut.
Gov. Hutchinson. It received particular and trouble-
some attention in 1766. This and the adjoining house,
owned by Mr. Ellis, were built about 100 years ago, and
are beautiful specimens of the perfection to which our
mechanics had then arrived. The only spot not cover-
ed by buildings at present is on Copp's Hill, and a part
of tliis is occupied for a Burial Ground. From this hill
the British cannonaded the townofCharlestownin 1775,
during the memorable battle of Bunker Kill, when the
village was principally destroyed by conflagration. —
They left a small fort standing on this hill, which re-
mained a favorite resort for the recreation of school boys
till 1S07. The natural situation of this section of the
cit}T gives it an advantage over any other part ; whether
considered as a place for comfortable and healthy resi-
dence, or its convenience for trade. The channel of
Charles river runs close to the shore, and has depth and
width sufficient to accommodate ships of the greatest
burden. The spirit for improvement, recently awakened
in North Boston, shows that its citizens begin to appre-
ciate their advantages.

SOUTH BOSTON. 19

WEST BOSTON.

This is that part of the city which lies between
the Common and Canal Creek, west of Hanover and
Common-streets, and lias been recently built. The
buildings are principally of brick, erected in a hand-
some style, and are mostly used as dwellings. The
State House, Hospital, Court House, Jail, and one of
the houses of correction are located in this section.

south Exn.

The South End comprises all the peninsula south of
Summer and "Winter Streets, and extends to Roxbury.
About one third of the buildings in this section are of
wood. Those that have been most recently erected are
of brick and granite, exhibiting an improved style of
architecture. The buildings here, also, are generally
occupied for dwellings, except the lower stories of those
on Washington Street.

SOUTH BOSTON.

South Boston is that section of the city which is sepa-
rated from the peninsula, or the ancient town, by an
arm of the harbor reaching to Roxbury. It contains
about 560 acres, and is the newest and most unsettled
part of the city. Within a few years the population has
increased rapidly, and a considerable number of build-
ings has been erected, principally of brick. This for-
merly was a part of Dorchester, and embraces the heights
so famed in the annals of the American Revolution.

20 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

There are two bridges that connect this with the older
part of the city ; — one is at the south end near the com-
mencement of the neck, and receives a toll; the other
is a free bridge, recently built and leads from Wind-
Mill point.

There remains one section of Boston, besides the
Common, which has not been described. This may
properly be termed the Heart of the City, as it was,
in 1653, the heart of the town. It is bounded by Sum-
mer, Winter, Common, and Hanover Streets and the
Canal Creek, having the harbor on the east. Within
these limits the principal business of the city is trans-
acted. Here are the most extensive wharves, Faneuil
Hall, Faneuil-Hall Market, all the Banks in the city
except two, all the Insurance offices, the Custom House,
most of the wholesale merchants' stores, the Athenaeum,
Supreme Court House, Reading Room, Post Office, all
the Newspaper offices, the Boston and Tremont Thea-
tres, Tremont House, the Exchange Coffee House,
Marlboro Hotel, and many other important places.

THE COMMON

Is a beautiful field on the westerly side of the city,
and in front of the State House, bounded by Beacon,
Park, Common and Boylston Streets, and the waters of
Charles River Bay, containing more than 75 acres, as
appears by the following survey : —

The malls on Common, Park, Beacon and Charles Streets,

contain 7 acies, 1 rood, and 6 rods, - - - 7 16

The Common enclosed by these malls and Bojlston Sheet,
exclusive of the Bui ial Giound, -

The Bui yhig Ground contains, -

The Common west of Charles-Street contain?

0 13

0 0

0 22

SUFFOLK COUNTY 21

The surface of this Common is agreeably varied by
several small eminences, the most prominent of which
is near the centre, and still bears the marks of the forti-
fication thrown up by the British troops quartered here,
in 1775. A little to the north of this eminence is a beau-
tiful sheet of fresh water, called the crescent pond,
with young and thrift}" Elms around its border, which
adds much to the pleasantness of the Common. The
spacious Park, which contains 557 trees of various sizes,
is acknowledged to rank before any other in the United
States ; and from its peculiar situation it is believed, it
may be made equal if not superior to any similar public
spot in the Avorld. It is surrounded on three sides by
splendid private dwellings, principally occupied by the
owners of the estates.

Since the settlement of Boston, this land has always
been the joint stock of the citizens, it never having
been the property of any individual since the peninsula
was transferred b)7 Chickatabut, the Indian Sachem, to
the first settlers." They generously reserved it ' for a
training field and other public purposes.' When pro-
curing a city charter, the citizens had a clause intro-
duced debarring the City Council, the power of ever
selling the Common or Faneuil Hall.

SUFFOLK COUNTY.

The County of Suffolk was so named in honor of Gov.
Wiuthrop, who was from Suffolk in England. It was
incorporated in 1643. Till the year 1793, it comprised,

* Sfc History t-f Bo«(on, cli3p. xii.

22 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

besides Boston, the county of Norfolk, and embraced

23 towns. At present it is composed of Boston and the
small but ancient town of Chelsea. By an act of the le-
gislature passed Feb. 23, 1822, Chelsea is allowed to
enjoy all privileges relating to the administration of jus-
tice, notwithstanding the town is exempted from all
taxes for county purposes.

THE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT

of Massachusetts, is held in Boston on the first Tues-
day in March, and the seventh Tuesday next after the
first Tuesday in September ; and the Court of Common
Pleas, on the first Tuesday in January, April, July, and
October.

UNITED STATES COURTS.

Supreme Court of the U. S. is held in Boston, in May
and October. Joseph Story, dissociate Judge.

DISTRICT OFTICERS.

Massachusetts. — John Davis, judge; George Blake,
attorney ; Samuel D. Harris, marshal ; Horatio Bass,
deputy marshal. Marshal's office, Old Court House,
Court-street. John W. Davis, district clerk ; office, Old
Court House, Court-street.

CITY GOVERNMENT.

The ' City of Boston ' was incorporated by the grant
of a charter in 1822. By this charter the city is divided
into 12 Wards, in each of which the inhabitants meet at
their respective ward rooms, on the 2d Monday in De-
cember, annually, and after choosing ward officers, give

CITY GOVERNMENT. 23

in their ballots for a Mayor, 8 Aldermen, and 48 Com-
mon Councilmen ; (4 Councilmen to represent each
ward:) 12 Overseers of the poor, and 12 School Com-
mittee-men. On the 1st Monday in January, the gov-
ernment is organised in the rooms in which they ordi-
narily meet for public business. The Mayor is sworn to
a faithful performance of his duty, by one of the Judges
of the Commonwealth, who afterwards administers the
oath of office to the Aldermen and Common Council
elect. After the two branches have been organized,
they proceed to the choice of a city Clerk, by a joint
ballot. The board of Aldermen, with the Mayor, com-
pose one house, and the Common Council compose the
other. The 1st branch is elected by general ticket, and
the 2d by wards. They generally act separately and
have a negative on the proceedings of each other. —
These boards, in their joint capacity, ore denominated
the City Council.

MAYOR AND ALDERMEN.

The Mayor and Aldermen's room, is a plain but con-
venient apartment in the third story of the west wing
of the Stone Court House, Court-Square in School-
Street. A railing runs across the middle, dividing it
into two divisions : — the south side being for the ac-
commodation of visitors, who are provided with settees.
The north side has an elevated floor, which is carpeted.
The chairs and tables are so arranged, as to make half a
circle ; the Mayor's chair in the centre and raised above
the other. This board is generally convened for busi-
ness on Monday evenings. The Mayor attends here
to the duties of his office from nine in the morning till
two in the afternoon. The Aldermen do not receive

24 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

pay for their services. Salary of the Mayor, $2500 .1
year, payable quarterly. The Mayor has the exclu-
sive power to nominate all officers appointed by the
Mayor and Aldermen.

COMMON COUNCIL.

The Common Council hold their sessions in the same.
building with the board of Aldermen. The council
100m is in the third story, and in the centre of the build-
ing. The President's seat is elevated at one side of the
room, and the seats for the members are very conven-
iently arranged, having a gradual ascent from front to
rear. Members of this board also render their services
without compensation. Thejr generally hold their ses-
sions on Monday evenings, and when any important
business makes it necessary, they convene oftener than
once a week.

CITY COUNCIL.

The boards of Aldermen and Common Council in
their joint capacity, constitute what is denominated the
City Council. They have power to appoint, prescribe
the duties, and fix the compensation of all city officers ; to
call officers and boards to account; to determine, annu-
ally, the number of Representatives the city shall send
to the Legislature. They also have the power to elect
a Mayor in case the office became vacant.

CITY CLERK.

The city Clerk's office is in the Mayor and Alder-
men's room, where he can be found from 9 in the
morning, till 1 p. m. and from 3 till evening. Hissala-

CITY GOVERNMENT. 25

ry is $1500 a year. He is also clerk to the Mayor and
Aldermen.

CLERK OP THE COMMON COUNCIL.

His office is in a small brick building in Court-square.
Office hours continue from 9 o'clock in the morning
through the day. In the office are kept the records
and doings of the Common Council. Salary $800 a
year, besides the fees for publishing the bands of matri-
mony. He attends to that duty every Thursday, im-
mediately as the bell ceases to toll for the stated lecture
of the Boston Ministerial Association.

CITY TREASURER.

This officer is chosen by concurrent vote, and enters
into bonds of $60,000, for the faithful discharge of his
duty. The salary is §3000 per annum — out of which,
he has to pay for clerk hire, fuel and stationary. The
City Treasurer is also Treasurer for the County. His
office is in the second story of the west end of the
Old State House, head of State-street Office hours
from 9 in the morning, ordinarily, till two in the after-
noon.

CITY MARSHAL.

Formerly, there was an executive officer, in the town
government, appointed by the Selectmen, who was de-
nominated the Superintendant of Police, whose duties
were very similar to those of City Marshal. The office
of Marshal was created in 1S23, and the board of Alder-
men has the exclusive right of confirming the nomi-
nation of the Mayor, and he is an executive officer of
that particular branch of government. The Marshal's
duties are various and arduous, as he is obliged to pass
3

26 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

through every street and lane in the city once a week,
to inforce all the laws and regulations ordained by the
City Council for the welfare, health and convenience
of the inhabitants. He is also the Health Commissioner
of the interior, taking cognisance of all nuisances and
causing them to be speedily removed. This office is
kept on the 2d floor of the west wing of the Court
House in School-street. Ward books, on which com-
plainants may note nuisances, are kept here, under the
Marshal, who thus has a record before him of what re-
quires immediate attention. Salary, $1000 per annum.

AUDITOR.

A comparatively new officer — of as much importance
as any in the municipal government of the city. All
monies paid by the city pass under his eye. He
makes estimates of expenditures, and in fine systema-
tizes and finishes all the pecuniary concerns of the city.
He is elected by concurrent vote of the Council, year-
ly. The salary is $1200 per annum. His office is in
the Court House, School-street. The hours of business
are, ordinarily from 9 in the morning till 1, and from
2 till evening. All accounts against the city are pre-
sented here, and when audited by the committee on ac-
counts, an order is given on the Treasurer for pay-
ment.

MESSENGER.

The duties of the Messenger are various. He distri-
butes notifications to committees, is in attendance on the
Common Council, while in session, as well as on the
board of Aldermen. He conveys messages from com-
mittees, is in attendance through the day, in the

CITY GOVERNMENT. 27

Mayor's office, and sees that the different office rooms
are kept in order, and lights the rooms for public meet-
ings. This office is not considered an annual one, but
is held at pleasure of the council. He is elected by
the Mayor and Aldermen, and receives $600 per an-

num.

ASSESSORS.

There are three in number, denominated the Perma-
nent Assessors, who are chosen annually, in the month
of April, by a concurrent voice of the two boards, and
receive as a compensation for their labor, $1000 each,
per annum in quarterly pa}'ments. The Assessors'
room is in Faneuil Hall, where they may generally he
found from 9 in the morning till evening. There are
also chosen annually two Assistant Assessois from
each ward, whose duty is merely to advise and explain,
without receiving any compensation for their services.
The}" also meet at the Assessors' room for business.

OVERSEERS OF THE POOR.

One Overseer is elected in each ward annually- —
This board holds a meeting on the afternoon of the 1st
Wednesday in each month. Their office is kept in the
2d story of Faneuil Hall. A clerk is there from 9 a.m.
till evening.

SCHOOL COMMITTEE

Are chosen annually, one member from each ward,
who, together with the Mayor and Aldermen, consii-
tute a board, of which the Mayor is usually chairman.
They fill all vacancies, and make such regulations from

28 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

time to time, as the well-being of the public Scbools re-
quires. They hold their meetings in the Mayor's
office, as often as circumstances may render it nec-
essary.

WARD OFFICERS.

A Warden, as presiding officer, a Clerk and 5 Inspec-
tors are chosen by the inhabitants of each of the wards,
in December annually, as officers of the ward. They
receive the ballots of the legally authorized citizens, on
all public elections of city, county or state officers. —
From this board, a return is made by the Warden and
Clerk, to the Mayor and Aldermen. They hold their
meetings in their respective ward rooms, — of which
there is one in each of the 12 wards.

OVERSEERS OF THE HOUSE OF CORRECTION.

This board, consisting of three persons, is appointed
by the Mayor and Aldermen, and has the immediate
oversight of the internal regulations of the House of
Correction, which is a very strong and well built edi-
fice, within the Jail-yard enclosure, in Leverett-street.

HOUSE OF INDUSTRY.

By an act of the General Court, the City Council are
authorized to elect, in the month of May, annually, by
ballot, 9 discreet and suitable citizens, to be Directors
of the House of Industry, which is located at South
Boston. The directors divide themselves into three
committees, and attend daily to the duties of their office,
in Faneuil Hall. The authority delegated to the direc-
tors, is exercised bjr overseers of the poor in other parts

CITY GOVERNMENT. 29

of the Commonwealth; but in the city, the office of
overseer extends only to provision for the poor at their
own habitations. They receive no compensation. A
Clerk, at a salary of $500, is in attendance at the office,
from 9 a. m. till evening.

The Superintendant of the House of Industry re-
ceives for his own and his family's services. $1000, an-
nually, together with house room and fire wood.

HOUSE FOR JUVENILE OFFENDERS.

This is contiguous to the House of Industry, and con-
trolled by the same board of directors. The Superin-
tendant, who is the instructor of the boys and the moni-
tor over their conduct and labors, receives a salary of
$750, besides apartments and fuel.

FIRE DEPARTMENT.

This is under the immediate direction of a Chief En-
gineer, and 12 Assistant Engineers, chosen by both
branches of the Council, annually. The present organ-
ization of this important department merits the highest
praise. Office of the Chief Engineer, at present, in the
Old Court House, Court-street.

HEALTH DEPARTMENT.

This is divided into the external, internal, and that
which regulates the burial of the dead. The external
embraces the quarantine of vessels, and takes cogni-
zance of any sickness, and all nuisances which may be
brought into port, from foreign parts. The internal
relates to the cleaning of the streets, emptying of vaults
and the removal of all nuisances from the city. This
3*

30 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

is accomplished at an annual expense of about $12,000.
The city Marshal is also internal health Commissioner,
with whom all complaints, of this nature, are lodged in
the Health Office, in the Court House, School-street.

BURIAL OF THE DEAD.

The Superintendant of Burial Grounds has an office
in the same building, and has the immediate control of
all the grave yards, tombs and cemeteries in the city.
He is appointed annually, in the month of May, by a
concurrent vote of the City Council, and receives a
salary of $900. All the sextons or undertakers make a
return to this officer, daily, of all who have died the
preceding day and night, — with the particulars of their
ages and disease, which are entered on record.

QUARANTINE DEPARTMENT.

In the month of June, annually, a resident Physician
is appointed, by concurrent-vote, whose duty it is tore-
side on Rainsford Island, the quarantine station, from
the 15th of June till the 15th of September, and regu-
late the quarantine of vessels, and merchandise, also to
land the sick and take charge of them in the Hospital,
according to his best judgment and skill. He is also the
city physician, whose duty it is, when any contagious
disease appears in the city, or on board of any vessel arriv-
ing in the port, at any season, to take charge of the
sick, by removing them to the quarantine hospital. The
duties of this office are very arduous and fatiguing. —
Salary, $1000. Three consulting physicians are also
chosen annually.

CITY GOVERNMENT. 31

CITV SOLICITOR.

This officer is chosen annually in June, by concur-
rent vote. All matters of law, in which the city may
be interested, are submitted to him for his advice and
superintendence. Salary, $600.

POLICE COURT.

The Police Court is held in the brick Court House,
Court-street. Three justices are appointed by the gov-
ernor and council, who hold their office during good
behavior. Salary, {$1500 each. Two clerks are at-
tached to the court. The first clerk receives £1400
and the second i£S00 yearly. Each justice sits two
davs in the week from 9 a. m. till 1, and from 2 till
evening, every week day. One of the justices holds a
court, Wednesday and Saturday for hearing and decid-
ing civil causes, under $20.

CONSTABLES.

Twenty five constables are usually appointed, an-
nually, by the Mayor and Aldermen, who are in at-
tendance on the police, and other courts of the County.

MUNICIPAL COURT.

This Court is held in the Court House, Leverett-
street, the first Monday in each month, for the trial
of persons indicted by the grand jury of the county of
Suffolk, for offences not punishable with death. The
Judge is appointed by the governor and council. He
receives $700 from the state, and the same sum from
the city, as yearly salary.

32 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

rROBATE OFFICE.

This office is kept in the basement story of the west
wing of the Stone Court House. Court days, Monday
of each week. The office is open daily for the trans-
action of ordinary business, such as making researches*
and procuring papers from the clerks.

The records in this department have been preserved
with admirable care, and present a connected series of
wills and accounts of administrations, almost unbroken,
from the foundation of the town. Many of these are
rare curiosities for the antiquarian, and afford the best
guides for tracing the genealogy of families, descended
from the first settlers.

To Jdc chosen once in five years, by the inhabitants,
in the several wards, until the city shall compose the
whole county. Office in the centre of the same build-
ing with the Probate office, on the first floor. His
compensation arises from fees.

SUPERINTENDANT OF STREETS.

Chosen in May, annually, by the City Council. He
is Superintendant of the city stables, Mill-Pond-street,
and regulates the scavengers, carts, &c. and sees that
the streets and side-walks are kept in repair. Salary,
.$•1000.

CAPTAIN OF THE WATCH.

Appointed by the Mayor and Aldermen, and holds his
office during good behaviour. He is also superinten-
dant of lamps. Salary, $800, for both duties. He re-
gulates and superintends the night patrol, and dis-

PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 33

charges or commits all persons apprehended by the
watch. "VVatch hours commence at 10 o'clock, and
continue till day light.

BOSTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

The great and increasing interest manifested in this city
on the subject of juvenile instruction is gratifying. The
system so early commenced here is spreading over the
whole land, and pervading in a great measure the popu-
lar mind in almost every section of our republic. The
grand principle, that the minds of the rising generation
are a species of public property, demanding in an emi-
nent degree the guardian care of government, seems to
be duly understood by the civil authorities, and rapidly
gaining favor among the great body of the people. The
New England states, as well as this metropolis, have
long enjo}-ed the enviable honor of having bestowed the
highest attention upon the education of their youth, and
extended the most liberal and efficient aid towards the
establishment of seminaries of learning of every class.
"Knowledge is Power,'' says a learned writer ; and for
the truth of this saying, look over our commonwealth,
and witness the intellectual strength of our social com-
pact. From what source do our citizens draw the nu-
triment which gives them power to form such a mental
fabric ? The answer is, from the fountains of knowl-
edge which are opened in every town, at the public ex-
pense, for the use of all who will partake of their benefit.
If we turn our thoughts to the ancient republics, and
ask what elevated Greece to her pre-eminent standing?
History answers, the force of education. The knowl-
edge which irradiated these republics emanated from

34 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

the scholars of Athens, and from a few eminent philoso-
phers, who shed over their land a light which continues
to illumine every country. Our system of education is
founded on a plan that must reflect a genial radiance on
every citizen and scatter a genial light over our repub-
lic, which Greece and Rome never enjoyed. The
youth in Boston have reason to think highly of their ex-
alted privileges, which owe their origin and growth to
the liberal spirit of their enlightened and pious fore-
fathers.

Primary Schools are kept at public expense in differ-
ent parts of the city, where children, from the age of 4
to 7 years, are taught the Alphabet, Spelling ond
Reading. At the age of seven, if they can read ' the
English language, by spelling the same,' they are ad-
mitted into the Grammar schools, where they remain
till they arrive at the age of fourteen. If they have
made sufficient progress, they are admitted into the
Latin School at 9, and the English High School at 12
years of age, where they remain until fitted for college
or other situations in life. It has been remarked, that
some of the brightest scholars, examined for admission
at Harvard College, were from our public schools,

PRIMARY SCHOOLS.

These Schools were first established by a vote of the
town, passed June 11, 1818, which granted $5000 for that
purpose the first year. Since that time, the system has
been much developed, and so far extended as to increase
the annual appropriation to about $15.-000. In 1828,
there were 57 of these schools, in each of which be-
tween 50 and 60 scholars receive instruction, the year
round. Women are employed in these schools as in-

PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 35

structers, and the whole is under the immediate care
and management of a board, consisting of one member
for each school, and a standing committee of seven, and
a treasurer : this board is divided into district committees,
who are considered responsible for the good state of the
schools in their jurisdiction. Each school is visited once
every month by at least one member of its district com-
mittee, to learn and report their condition to the whole
committee.

GRAMMAR AND WRITING SCHOOLS.

These free schools commenced with the first settlers
of Boston, but the system was not matured to any great
extent till about the close of the last century, when an
unusual interest was excited on the subject of educa-
tion, and several important changes were effected.

These schools are separated into two rooms, the up-
per being occupied for the reading, and the lower for
the writing department, the two branches being kept
entirely distinct. Each room is provided with a master
and assistant, and is calculated to accommodate about
800 children. As writing and arithmetic only are
taught at the writing schools, the masters are selected
with special reference to their qualifications in these
branches; but the law requires that the master of the
grammar or reading school, shall have been ' educated
at some college or university, and be a citizen of the
United States by birth or naturalization.'

The Grammar schools, and those which follow, are un-
der the superintendence of a School Committee, consist-
ing of twenty one gentlemen : the Mayor and eight Al-
derman being members ex officio, and one from each of
the twelve wards being chosen by the citizens annually.

SG PICTURE OF BOSTON.

These are divided into sub-committees for the more
convenient examination of the schools, which they are
required by their own rules to make once a month, and by
a law of the state twice a year. At the semi-annual
visitation in August, three silver medals, furnished from
a fund, bequeathed for this purpose by Franklin, are
distributed to the most distinguished boys in each of the
reading schools, and the same number in each of the
writing schools. In 1S22, the Franklin medals were
extended to the girls, in equal numbers to each school.

The number of children varies in the different schools,
but by the returns made, the average number of boys
in each exceeded two hundred, and the girls one hund-
red and seventy. The salary of the master is twelve
hundred dollars, and that of the assistant six hundred ;
making the expense of tuition alone, about nine dollars
a year for each child.

There are in this city eight schools of this description
besides the African school in Belknap street.

As a tribute of gratitude to the memory of some of the
most eminent patrons of letters and benefactors of the
public institutions of Boston, they are named as follows,
(beginning at the North part of the city,) viz,

The Eliot school ; situated in North Bennet Street, af-
ter the Rev. Dr. John Eliot.

The Hancock School ; in Hanover-street, after Gov.
John Hancock.

The Mayhew School ; in Hawkins Street, after the
Rev. Dr. Jonathan Mayhew.

The Bowdoin School ; in Derne Street, in honor of
Got. Bowdoin.

The Boylston School ; on Fort Hill, after Thomas
Boylston, Esq.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 37

The Adams School ; in Mason Street, after Samuel
Adams, Esq.

The Franklin School ; in Washington Street, after
Dr. Benjamin Franklin.

The South Boston School, not yet named.

THE ENGLISH HIGH SCHOOL,
rinckney-Stieet

This school was established by a vote of the town in
1820, expressly for the purpose of affording to lads in-
tending to become merchants or mechanics, better
means of instruction than were provided at any of the
public schools. The school went into operation in May,
1S21. The annual examination for admission is in
August.

The course for the first year includes Intellectual
and Written Arithmetic, Geography and the use of the
Globes, exercises in Grammar, General History, and
History of the United States, Book keeping by single
entry, Elements of some Arts and Sciences, Composition
and Declamation. That for the second and third year
embraces Geometry, Algebra, Trigonometry and its
applications, Book-keeping by double entry, various
branches of Natural Philosophy, Natural History,
Chemistry, Moral Philosophy and Natural Theology,
Rhetoric, evidences of Christianity, Intellectual Philoso-
phy, Political Economy, and Logic.

Instruction in the French language has also been
introduced, as a means of lessening the difficulties that
are met with in teaching the vernacular language by
itself, and also as being very necessary to the education
of a merchant.

38 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

The establishment of this school forms an era in the
history of free Education in Boston. Its present high
reputation and growing importance, while they render
it an object of increasing interest, promise extensive
and lasting utility ; and furnish a gratifying proof of (he
wisdom of that policy which brings forward, to places of
high responsibility, young men of talents and learning,
who have a reputation and fortune to gain.

THE LATIN" GRAMMAR SCHOOL,

School-Street.

This ancient and venerable institution, so intimately
connected with the early history of Boston, and of its
learned men in generations that are past, seems to de-
mand a moment's pause. It is grateful to look back
upon the picture of primitive, but enlightened simplicity
exhibited in the early history of New England, and to
arrest, as far as possible, the progress of decay by which
its already indistinct lines are rapidly fading from our
view.

There appear to have been no public accounts pre-
served of the first three years after the settlement of
Boston ; but they did not suffer a longer period to elapse
than until the 13th of the 2d month, (viz. April) 1635,
before it is stated as apart of the transactions of a public
meeting, ' Likewise it was generally agreed upon that
our brother Philemon Purmont shalbe intrcated to be-
come scholemaster for the teaching and nourtering of
children with us.' This was the beginning' of the Latin
School.

The whole school house in School Street, is now ap-
propriated to tins school. The last catalogue contains

PUBLIC SCHOOLS, 39

225 scholarsi These are distributed into six separate
apartments, under the care of the same number of in-
structers; viz. a Principal, or head master, a sub-mas-
ter, and four assistants. For admission, boys must be
at least nine years old ; able to read correctly and with
fluency, and to write a running hand ; they must know
all the stops, marks, and abbreviations, and have suffi-
cient knowledge of English Grammar to parse common
sentences in prose. The time of admission is the Fri-
day and Saturday next preceding the Commencement
at Cambridge, which two days are devoted to the exami-
nation of candidates. The regular course of instruction
lasts five years ; and the school is divided into five clas-
ses, according to the time of entrance.

These are the means provided at the public expence,
for the gratuitous instruction of the children of all clas-
ses of the citizens of Boston. They are offered equally
to all. The poorest inhabitant may have his children
instructed from the age of four to seventeen, at schools,
some of which are alread}' equal, if not superior to any
private schools in our country; and all of them may be
made so. If a child be kept at a Primaiy school from
four to seven, and then at one of the Grammar Schools
until nine, and from that time till seventeen at the Lat-
in, and the English Classical School, there is no ques-
tion but he will go through a more thorough and com-
plete course of instruction, and in reality enjoy greater
advantages than are provided at many of the respecta-
ble colleges in the Union.

By the report of a Sub-committee, appointed to in-
form the Legislature of the number of pupils taught in
public and private schools in this city, and the expense
of their tuition, it appeared that the aggregate of pupils
amounted to 10,636, in 182G. Of this number. 7,04 i

•10 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

were in the public, and 3.592 in private schools. The
whole annual expense attending their instruction was
estimated at £152/722 — of which individuals paid
$97,305 and the city $55,417. The whole number of
private and public schools was ascertained to be 215.

SABBATH SCHOOLS.

There is much added to the means for obtaining a
Free Education in Boston, by the numerous Sabbath
Schools established by different religious societies. —
The number of children that receive instruction at these
schools, is found to be rising 3,800.

INFANT SCHOOLS.

Before quitting the subject of schools, it is proper to
take notice of the recent introduction of Infant Schools,
which are designed to supply completely all that was
wanting to perfect our system of education. Sunday
schools had already provided for the wants of uneducat-
ed adults. Infant schools take the child from its moth-
er's arms, and fit it by natural gradations of task and
play, for a place on the primary benches at four years of
age. Tavo such schools have already been established,
one in Salem-street, at the north part of the city, and
the other in Bedford-street, South End. Visitors speak
in terms of admiration of the scenes which these schools
afford.

BOSTON ATHENJSUM,

This establishment owes its origin to several public
spirited gentlemen, who, in 1S06, issued proposals for
providing, and opening a public reading room, to con-
tain all the valuable periodical journals, and such books

ATHENAEUM. 41

as would serve for general reference. The proprietors
were incorporated under the name of the ' Boston Athe-
nsum,' in 1807. The price of a share is $300, which
entitles the owner to three tickets of admission. A life
subscriber pays £100. Annual subscribers are admitted
at £10. per annum. There are 254 proprietors of shares;
about 50 Life Subscribers, and about the same number
of annual subscribers. Proprietors and Life Subscri-
bers have the right of introducing an unlimited number
of strangers, not residing within 20 miles of Boston ;
who are entitled to admission, for the term of one
month, after having their names recorded.

The Governor, and Lieutenant Governor, Counsellors,
Senators, Members of the House of Representatives,
during the session of the Legislature, Judges of the dif-
ferent Courts, President and Officers of Harvard Col-
lege, have free admission to the Reading Room and Li-
brary.

The spacious and commodious edifice occupied for this
institution, is situated near the head of Pearl-street, the
better half of which was (he gift of the late James Per-
kins, Esq. On entering, the visitor finds himself sur-
rounded with the busts and statues of heroes and learn-
ed men of antiquity. At his left, on the first floor, is
the Reading Room, in which are found the newspapers
and journals of the present day, with complete files of
periodical publications for many years back. In this
room it is contrary to etiquette, to hold any conversa-
tion whatever. On the right is a large and convenient
room where the proprietors hold their meetings, and the
Trustees transact their business. This room is tastefully
decorated with statuary and paintings. The Librarian's
room and a conversation room, complete the apartments
on the lower story. The 2d and 3d story contain the
4*

42 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Library, which is classed and neatly arranged, on
shelves with numbers, and a catalogue for each de-
partment. The whole number of volumes is above
25,000.

There are belonging to the Athenaeum, two cases,
containing 2065 silver and copper coins and medals, be-
sides 25 medals of gold, 26 of silver, 12 of white metal,
27 of base metal, and 2S1 of copper; 2988 ancient cop-
per coins, 256 modern silver coins, and 7822 modern
copper coins, together with a series of ISO Napoleon
Medals, making in all 13,627 medals and coins, many of
which are very rare and valuable. The Librarian at-
tends to the interior concerns of the institution, and un-
der his direction the reading room and library is kept
open from eight o'clock in the morning till nine in the
evening, every day except Sunday.

In 1826, a number of the most enterprising proprie-
tors who were desirous of extending the usefulness of
the institution, urged the necessity of adopting meas-
ures to enlarge the establishment. Subscriptions were
soon raised, which amounted to about $45,000. To ac-
complish the objects they had in view, a new building
was erected from a plan by Mr. Willard, in the rear of
the main building of the Athenaeum, which is entirely
detached from it. It is called —

THE GALLERY OF FINE ARTS.

The building is of three stories ; is 60 feet in length
by 50 in width, and cost, exclusive of land, upwards of
$13,000. The lower story comprises four rooms, one of
which contains the apparatus for the lectures, another
is occupied by the Academy of Arts and Sciences, for
their library ; and the third for the Massachusetts Med-

LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. 43

ical Society, whose library is also here. The fourth is
occupied by the Mechanic Institution, and contains
their extensive Philosophical Apparatus. The second
story, which is IS feet high, consists of a lecture room
conveniently arranged with circular seats on an inclin-
ed plane, and sufficiently spacious to accommodate 500
auditors. The upper story forms a single room, 50 by
60 feet square, is upwards of 20 feet high, and lighted
only from the top, in a manner peculiarly adapted for
the exhibition of Paintings, to which purpose this room
has been appropriated. The first Exhibition was open-
ed May 10, 1S27, consisting of pictures, loaned by indi-
viduals, incorporate bodies, and the productions of
American Artists, which presented a collection of rich
treasures in the arts. The receipts during the 'two
months of the exhibition, amounted to S 1,006. The
exhibitions are opened annually. Admittance, 25 cents ;
season tickets 50 cents.

The Afhenreum is now placed on a sure and perma-
nent footing. The incorporation has an annual income
arising from rents, the receipts of the Exhibition of
Paintings, and the interest received on $40,000.

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES.

The formation of a Society in Boston for promoting
useful knowledge had been in contemplation for many
years, but the design was never vigorously pursued till
the end of the year 17T9, when many gentlemen in va-
rious parts of the commonwealth, determined to use
their endeavors to have one formed upon a liberal and
extensive plan, and at the same time to have it estab-
lished upon a firm basis by the sanction of the legisla-

44 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

ture. The .Society took the name of The American
Academy of Arts and Sciences. The charter was
granted May 4, 17S0. The design of the institution is
the promotion and encouragement of the knowledge of
the antiquities of America, and the natural history of the
country, and to determine the uses to which the va-
rious productions of the country may be applied, to pro-
mote and encourage medical discoveries, mathematical
disquisitions, philosophical inquiries and experiments ;
astrological, meteorological, and geographical observa-
tions ; improvements in agriculture, arts, manufactures
and commerce ; and, in fine, to cultivate every art and
science, which may tend to advance the interest, honor,
dignity, and happiness of a free, independent and virtu-
ous people. The Academy has published memoirs of
its transactions in 4 quarto volumes, of Avhich the last
appeared in 1821, Jts sessions are held in Boston, and
its valuable library of about 2000 volumes, is deposited
in the Athenaeum Gallery.

Gov. Bowdoin was elected its first President, and con-
tinued in the office until his death, in November, 1790.
This learned society originally consisted of 62 resident
members; and some other distinguished men abroad
were soon after elected as honorary members. It has
always sustained a respectable character in the estima-
tion of learned foreigners ; and its publications are hon-
orable to the literature of our country. George Vv ash-
ington and John Adams, piesidents of the United Sates,
were members of this society.

MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

This Society was incorporated, Feb. 19, 1794. Its
design is to collect, preserve, and communicate mate-
rials for a complete history of this country, and of all

LIBRARIES. 45

valuable efforts of the ingenuity and industry of its in-
habitants. In pursuance of this design, they have al-
ready amassed a large collection of books, pamphlets,
and manuscripts. The Society's library and museum
occupy a spacious apartment over the arch in Franklin-
street. They have published their collections in 22 oc-
tavo volumes, •which include Hubbard's History of
New-England, and Johnson's Wonder-wTorking Provi-
dence. The Society was at first supported by the la-
bors of a few ; it has since enrolled among its members
many of our first scholars, and now claims a very con-
siderable reputation among the literary institutions of
America.

BOSTON LIBRARY SOCIETY.

This Society was incorporated June 17, 1794. The
object of the associates was to make a collection of
Books in the sciences and general literature, for popu-
lar use ; more particularly of those works, which from
their costliness or peculiar value, are not generally
found in private collections, and cannot conveniently be
obtained by individuals of moderate fortune. The plan
has been diligently and successfully pursued, and with
the aid of occasional donations, the library is now as
complete in works of general utility, as any similar in-
stitution in this part of the country. The books amount
to about G000 volumes, and their number is constantly
augmenting. To gratify the increasing taste for foreign
literature, a collection of the best French authors has
baen added. For pome years after the library was
founded, the shares were not transferable, and subscri-
bers had only the use of the library for their lives ;

46 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Consequently, by the death of original proprietors,
many shares have fallen into the common stock, which
has given to the shares of present proprietors a value far
beyond their cost. It is computed, that a share at the
present price, gives a property in the common stock
greatly exceeding the cost of a share, exclusive of the
value of the Hall, which is the property of the corpora-
tion. The price of a share is $25, subject usually to an
annual tax of $2, for the increase of the Library, and
the charge of maintaining it. Shares are now transfer-
able, and do not cease at the death of the proprietor. —
The Library is kept at the Hall, over the arch in Frank-
lin-street, and is opened on the afternoon of Thursdays,
and the forenoon and afternoon of Saturdays, for the de-
livery and return of books.

COLUMBIAN LIBRARY.

This Library is kept in Boylston Hall, and is estab-
lished on principles, somewhat similar to those of the
Boston Library Society. It contains 4,500 volumes.

CIRCULATING LIBRARIES.

Boston contains a number of respectable establish-
ments cf this description, of which the Union Library,
Shakspeare Library, Suffolk Library, Franklin Library,
Boylston Library, and the Washington Library are the
most extensive. The terms of letting books are nearly
the same in all the Circulating Libraries, except the
yearly subscriptions, the price of which is fixed in some
degree, in proportion to the extent of the Library.

UNION CIRCULATING LIBRARY.

This is the oldest and most extensive of the Circulat-
ing Libraries. It is owned and kept by Col. S. H.

CIRCULATING LIBRARIES. 47

Parker, at No. 164 Washington-street, and contains
about 8,000 volumes. The terms to those that subscribe
to take out books, for one year, is ^7 ; for 6 months S§>4 :
three months $2,50 and for one month $1. — To non-
subscribers 6 cents, for each duodecimo or smaller vol-
ume; for each octavo, 12 cents, and for larger works,
23 cents per week.

SHAKSPLARE LIBRARY.

This Library is owned by Mr. Charles Callender, and
is kept at No. 10, Franklin-street. It contains about
4,500 volumes; a very considerable number of which
are foreign publications.

SUFFOLK CIRCULATING LIBRARY.

This Library is located at North Boston, No. 92 Han-
over-street, and is owned by Mr. Thomas Wells. It
contains about 5,000 volumes, of choice and valuable
books, mostly on History, Biography, Mechanics, and
the Arts.

FRANKLHJ LIBRARY.

This ia kept by Mr. Samuel K. Bayley, at No. 99
Court-street, near the head of Hanover-street, and con-
tains about 3000 volumes, principally miscellaneous
work;.

BOYLSTON CIRCULATING LIBRARY.

This Library is located in the vicinity of Boylston
Market, No. 354 Washington-street, It is owned by
Mr. David Francis, who has furnished it with a greater
number of foreign periodical-::, than is found in anv other

48 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

circulating library in the city. It contains about 3000
volumes.

WASHINGTON LIBRARY,

Is kept by Mr. Adonis Howard, in Bowdoin Row,
No. 157 Court-street. It has been recently established,
and is supplied with an excellent selection of useful and
modern publications.

apprentices' library.

This Library, the first of the kind known to have
heen established in any country, was commenced on
22d of February, 1S20, under the supervision of the
Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association. It
contains about 1,500 volumes, which are owned by the
Association, and placed in the hands of their Apprenti-
ces, who are organized into a socie()r, for the purpose
of managing the concerns of the Library.

The benefits of this Library are extended to all Ap-
prentices in the cit)', who can obtain a certificate from
their masters, that they are worthy of such privilege.
This institution is calculated to have a beneficial effect
on the minds and morals of those who enjoy its advan-
tages. ' As a proof of the high estimation in which Ap-
prentices' Libraries are held, we have only to notice
the increasing popularity of them throughout our coun-
try: and even England, in this instance, has not dis-
dained to copy from her descendants.5

MERCANTILE LIBRARY.

This Library was founded, March 11, 1820, under the
patronage of some of the most respectable and wealthy
merchants of Boston. The society consists of about 200

PERIODICALS. 49

members, principally between tbe age of 13 and 21,
who are engaged in the mercantile business. Each in-
dividual on joining the society, adds a volume to the Li-
brary, worth at least one dollar, and pays $2 per an-
num, as long as he remains a member. The Library
comprises about 3000 volumes of choice works, and is
annually increasing. The library room in Merchants'
Hall, is also appropriated as a Reading Room for the
members, where they assemble every evening except
Sundav during the winter season, and three evenings

a, O - O

in a week during the warm weather. In connection
with the Library, the Society have in view the forma-
tion of a Museum of Marine Curiosities, and the collec-
tion of a Cabinet of all the coins or moneys used as a
circulating medium throughout the world.

'=-

PERIODICALS.

The credit of first introducing the Art of Printing into
this country, belongs to Massachusetts, and that of issu-
ing the first newspaper in North America, belongs to
Boston. This was ' The Boston News Letter,' com-
menced by John Campbell, Esq. on the 24th of April,
1704, which was continued for nearly 72 years. The
Independent Chronicle may be considered the oldest
paper in this city, although it has changed its name, on
passing through different hands, and undergone various
alterations since its first establishment. It was com-
menced at Salem, in 176S, with the title of The Essex
Gazette. The oldest surviving paper, established in
Boston since the revolution, is the Columbian Centinel,
which was commenced, March 24. 1734, by Benjamin
Russell, Esq. who continued its proprietor and editor,
until November, 1S2S.

PICTURE OF BOSTON.

The following is a list of Periodicals published in Eos^
ton, in 182S, showing the price per annum, and the
days of the week on which they are published. The
Daily Advertiser and several of the other newspapers,
are printed on TreadAvell's Power Press, which is car-
ried by steam, and throws off about 600 per hour.

NEWSPAPERS.

Boston Daily Advertiser,

Daily,

$8 00

Boston Patriot and Mercantile Ad

rertiser, "

2 00

Boston Courier,

8 00

The Boston Statesman,

8 00

Boston Evening Bulletin,

8 00

Boston Commercial Gazelle,

8 00

Boston Advertiser, Tuesday,

Thursday and Saturday,

5 00

Boston Courier, "

U («

5 00

American Statesman, "

it ci

5 00

Massachusetts Journal, "

u «

5 00

Indepen. Chron. & Bos. Patriot, Wednesday and Saturday,

4 00

Columbian Centintl,

U U

4 00

New England Palladium,

Tuesday and Friday,

4 00

Commercial Gazette,

Monday and Thursday,

4 00

Boston Courier,

u u

4 00

American Traveller,

Tuesday and Friday,

4 00

Evening Bullelin,

Monday and Thursday,

4 00

Jackson Republican,

Wednesday and Saturday,

4 00

Weekly Messenger,

Thursday,

2 00

Evening Gazette,

Saturday Evening,

S 00

New England Galaxy,

Friday,

S 00

Recorder and Telegraph,

3 00

Trumpet and Univer. Magazine,

Saturday,

2 00

Chiistian Watchman,

Friday,

3 00

Christian Register,

Saturday,

3 00

New England Farmer,

Friday,

S 00

National Philanthropist,

2 00

Youth's Companion,

1 50

PERIODICALS.

The Times,

Saturday,

$2 60

The Boston Statesman,

Saturday Evening,

3 00

Massachusetts Weekly Journal,

Wednesday,

2 50

Paul Pry,

Saturday,

2 50

American Manufacturer,

Thursday,

2 00

Gospel Balance,

Wednesday,

3 00

MAGAZINES.

Bower of Taste, Saturday, ^3 00

Medical and Surgical Journal, Weekly, 0 00

The Athenaeum, Semi-monthly, 5 00

Amaranth, mm 2 00

Journal of Education, Monthly, -4 00

Ladies' Magazine, " 3 00

Missionary Herald, " 1 50

Spirit of the Pilgrims, " -3 00

American Baptist Magazine, *• 1 50

Christian Teacher's Manual, « 2 00

Unitarian Advocate, " 2 00

Morning Star, •* J 00

New Jerusalem Magazine, " 2 50

Liberal Preacher, " 2 00

Bapiist Preacher, " 1 00

Christian Examiner, every two Monllw, S 00

Juvenile Miscellany, u u 2 00

Stage Register, m « i 00

Christian Visitant, * u i 5Q

North American Review, Quarterly, 5 00

Ameiican Jurist, " 6 00

Friend of Peace " 1 00

World of Fashion, " 4 00

British Quaiterly Review, (reprinted) " 5 00

Edinburgh Magazine, " " 5 00

Tiie Legendary, in a volume once in four months 3 75

Ma'sachusetts Journal of Agriculture, Semi-annual, 1 00

DDuarj)

'* Annual,

$2 50

2 00

1 50

1 00

52 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

The Token, (a New Ye
The Memorial, «

The Casket, "

Juvenile Souvenir, a
Boston Directory,
Massachusetts Register,

CHARITABLE SOCIETIES.

Besides the public provision for the destitute of all
descriptions, -which is so ample that no one need to suf-
fer any privation, who is able to make known his case
to an overseer of the poor, there are numerous societies
established in Boston, whose object is the alleviation of
human misery,

MASSACHUSETTS HUMANE SOCIETY.

The Humane Society was established by law, Feb.
23, 1791. The design of their institution is ' the re-
covery of persons who meet with such accidents as
produce in them the appearance of death, and for pro-
moting the cause of humanity, by pursuing such means,
from time to time, as shall have for their object, the
preservation of human life, and the alleviation of its
miseries.'

MASSACHUSETTS CHARITABLE TIRE SOCIETY.

The object of this institution is to provide means to
relieve such of the inhabitants of this commonwealth as
may unfortunately suffer by fire, and to reward the in-
dustry and ingenuity of those who may invent useful
machines for extinguishing fires, or make extraordinary
personal exertion in the time of such calamity, or make

CHARITABLE SOCIETIES. 53

such discoveries for preventing its devastation as shall
be thought worthy of their patronage. The Society
was incorporated June 25, 1784.

MASSACHUSETTS CHARITABLE MECHANIC ASSOCIATION.

This Society was instituted March 15, 1795, by a
number of public spirited individuals, of the most indus-
irious and respectable of the mechanic interest; of va-
rious occupations, residing in different parts of the town ;
who styled themselves the ' Boston Association of Me-
chanics.' In a few months the society increased much
in numbers, resources, and usefulness. With the in-
crease of its numbers and means, its views became en-
larged, its utility more apparent, and a laudable emula-
tion pervaded a considerable part of the community to
raise the mechanic interest and character to its just
grade in society. The associates, in order to extend
the benefits of the institution, altered the original ap-
pellation, and voted to assume the title of ' The Asso-
ciation of Mechanics of the Commonwealth of Massa-
chusetts,' which gave opportunity for qualified citizens
throughout the commonwealth to offer themselves as
candidates for membership; and some few embraced this
privilege and became members, beside those residing in
Boston. But the society labored under many disadvan-
tages previous to its incorporation, March 8.T806, eleven
years from its institution ; when its fair claims became
acknowledged, the characters and conduct of its foun-
der, officers and members, were deemed sufficient
pledges of the purity of their intentions; and one of its
primary principles being ingrafted in its title.it was, by
an act of the legislature, incorporated by its present
name. There is a Library of about 1.500 volumes; be-
5*

54 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

longing to the Association, placed in the hands of their
Apprentices for use. The Association defrays the ex-
pense of an Evening School for their apprentices during
the winter season. The Institution has about £-15,000
in funds, and the number of members is about 350.

THE BOSTON DISPENSARY.

The Boston Dispensary was instituted in 1795, and
incorporated, Feb. 26, 1S01. At the expense of this
institution, the poor are supplied with medicines, and
thejr are gratuitously attended by physicians appointed
yearly by the managers. A subscriber of $5, is enti-
tled to tickets for four patients, which number he may
keep constantly on the list of the Dispensary.

BOSTON FEMALE ASYLUM

"Was instituted Sept. 25, 1800, by a number of ladies,
who associated for the charitable purpose of relieving,
instructing, employing, and assisting female orphan
children. They were incorporated Feb. 26, 1803. The
success which has attended this institution has equalled
the most benevolent expectations. The society has re-
scued from ruin and distress a great number of father-
less and motherless girls, who have, under its protection
been nourished and brought up to habits of industry and
piety. The asylum-house is situated in Essex-street,
corner of Lincoln st.

THE HOWARD BENEVOLENT SOCIETY

Was organized, June 1, 1S12, and incorporated Feb. 16,
1818. Their object is to search out and administer to
the wants of the sick and the infirm; 'more especially
of that clas9 of our fellow-citizens, who, not being con-

CHARITABLE SOCIETIES. 55

nected with any of the religious societies, are in no way
benefitted by the provisions made in most of them for
the relief of their poor.'

THE BOSTON ASYLUM FOR INDIGENT BOYS

Was incorporated Feb. 25, 1314. Its object is to make
similar provisions for orphan boys, to that which has
been so usefully made for girls by the Female Asylum.
This institution occupies the large house on the corner
of Salem and Charter streets, formerly the residence of
Sir William Phipps.

THE PROVIDENT INSTITUTION FOR SAVINGS

Was incorporated Dec. 13, 1816. This society is in-
tended to encourage industry and prudence in the poorer
classes, and to induce them to save and lay by some-
thing of their earnings for a period of life when they
will be less able to earn a support. Deposits are re-
ceived as low as one dollar, and when any person's de-
posit amounts to five dollars, it is put on interest. The
deposits may be withdrawn on stated days, ii desired.
The office of this institution is open every Wednesday,
in Scollay's buildings, Pemberton Hill.

THE EOSTON SOCIETY

For the Religious and Moral Instruction of the Poor was
incorporated in the year 1820. Through the exertions
of this society, schools for the poor have been instituted
in various parts of the city, the gospel has been preach-
ed to them, and pains have been taken to raise the
standard of moral character among; them.

56 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

MASS. CHARITABLE EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY.

This benevolent Institution was founded in 1S21, by
the influence of several gentlemen of the first respecta-
bility in this city. The amount soon subscribed
placed it on a permanent basis. This institution is lo-
cated on the corner of Court and Common streets, where
all diseases of the Eye and Ear are treated with the ut-
most skill, free of expense to the patient, by experienc-
ed physicians.

THE PENITENT FEMALES' REFUGE

Is an Institution formed with the hope of reclaiming,
from the paths of vice and ruin, a portion of those un-
happy women, whose false steps have blasted their
prospects of enjoying a reputable standing in life. A
house of refuge is opened by this Society, for such a3
are sincerely desirous of returning to the paths of virtue.
This house is situated in Charter-street, is large and
commodious, and is under the care of a matron and as-
sistants. A committee of ladies visit it every week, and
the pecuniary concerns are under the management of a
Board of Directors, chosen annually from the gentle-
men who are subscribers to the funds of the institution —
Constitution adopted April 14, 1819 : incorporated Jan-
uary 21, 1823.

The ladies who manage its internal affairs are assidu-
ous and persevering ; they are an honor to their sex,
and the best praise that can be given to them is to refer
to the institution itself, which all along, as far as it re-
spects moral influence and the reformation of those who
have made it a retreat, has been, and still is, eminently
prosperous. The only regret is that greater means
have not been put into the hands of those so well fitted

SOCIETIES. 57

and disposed to minister to the mind diseased. The in-
stitution has heen remembered on the dying beds of
some eminent men in this city, and is worthy the at-
tention and patronage of the living.

FEMALE DOMESTIC SOCIETY.

Some of the most respectable ladies of Boston formed
themselves into an Association, in 1S27, for the purpose
of improving the character of the female domestics.
Their institution provides for the registry of the names
of female domestics, Avhose services may be obtained by
the members of the Association on application therefor ;
institutes certain rewards for those who live a certain
period of time in the same family; and makes some pro-
vision for such as may be out of employ. The mem-
bers of the Association pay a dollar a year, and are thus
ensured the services of a faithful domestic. Those do-
mestics who register their names will be pretty sure of
good places during good behavior, but in case complaint
against them is made to the managers of the Association,
their names are struck from the register.

MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOCIETY.

This Society was incorporated in 1781, and holds its
annual meetings in the new building in the rear of the
Athenaeum, in Pearl-street, on the first "Wednesday in
June. On the following day, there is a meeting of the
Counsellors, for the election of officers, and the transac-
tion of the financial concerns of the society. A board
of censors, for the examination of candidates for the
practice of Medicine and Surgery, meet quarterly, in

53 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

the same apartments. The library of the society is
also kept here for the use of the fellows.

BOSTON' MEDICAL ASSOCIATION",

Plold their monthly conversations, on the third Friday
in each month. All regularly licensed physicians in
the city may become members of this Association.

MASSACHUSETTS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

This institution was founded in 1822, by the Apothe-
caries of Boston, to provide the means of a systematic
education ; to regulate the instruction of apprentices ;
to promote a spirit of pharmaceutical investigation, and
to diffuse information among the members of the pro-
fession ; to discountenance the sale of spurious, adulter-
ated and inferior articles; to regulate the business as
far as practicable and consistent with our social institu-
tions.

Since it is committed to the apothecary to select and
prepare the medicines on which the practitioner depends
for his success in preserving life and restoring health ;
since these medicines are very various in number and
quality, and require extensive and accurate knowledge
for their preparation ; since also they are easily sophisti-
cated, so as to destroy their efficacy without its being
readily detected by simple inspection, it is at once ap-
parent, that a scientific and practical education in phar-
macy is requisite, to qualify the apothecary for dis-
charging the duties of his profession with credit to him-
self, and with safety to the community.

SOCIETIES. 59

THE BRITISH CHARITABLE SOCIETY.

A few Englishmen mostly strangers to each other,
hut influenced hy the same kind affections, the same
feelings of compassion for their unfortunate country-
men in distress, were induced to form this Benevolent
Institution, which was commenced November 7, 1S1G.
The rising state of this country is and necessarily mu«t
be such, that it has an inviting aspect to man}7 in the
Eastern world. Emigration to America is the common
consequence of enterprize in Britain, which is contin-
ually bringing out to these shores multitudes of adven-
turers, a large portion of whom are mechanics and la-
borers ; they come hither with greater or less expecta-
tions : some succeed beyond their hopes, others have be-
come dissatisfied, and disappointment has caused a re-
gret that they left their home, and induced a wish to
return. This floating and vacillating emigration has.
occupied much of the attention of the British Charitable
Society. To receive them on their arrival, to advise,
recommend, and admonish them in their proceeding,
has been the object of the Society. Their charities in
this way have been much demanded. Failures in en-
terprise, and consequently poverty, and sometimes sick-
ness, have introduced many to their notice.

By the charities of this Society, over 1000 distressed
British subjects have been relieved, many of whom
have been raised from the most abject poverty to a state
of comfort and respectability. There are near 200 mem-
bers belonging to this institution, which has about ^3000
in funds. The terms of membership require that each
and every member on admission, subscribe towards the
funds. £2 ; and any larger sum over and above this, he

60 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

feels disposed to contribute, is considered a donation,
and recorded as such. The first year's subscription is
to be paid on subscribing; after which, the annual con-
tributions of $2, with such larger sums as may be sub-
scribed, are to be paid annually, or quarterly, in ad-
vance. Persons subscribing, and paying a sum not less
than $25, become life subscribers, and are exempted
from any further assessments, excepting for their pro-
portion of the incidental expences of the institution.
The Trustees receive applications for relief, and direct
proper inquiry into the circumstances and character of
the applicant, and, if worthy, grant such relief as may
be deemed necessary.

NEW ENGLAND SOCIETT.

The formation of the JVew England Society for the
promotion of Manufactures and the Mechanic Arts
was commenced in 1825, by citizens of Boston who
were desirous to promote American Industry, Genius
and Talents, wherever found. The first meeting was
held on the 2d of November, when a committee was
appointed to draft a Constitution and report the same for
consideration to a meeting which they were authorized
to call, and did so on the 21st of December, when their
plan and resolutions were adopted. They obtained an
act of Incorporation, from the Government of the State,
March 3, 1S26, by which the Society is authorized to
hold Public Exhibitions of the products of the Arts — to
award and grant premiums for new and useful inven-
tions, and for the best specimens of the skill and ingen-
uity of Manufacturers and Mechanics. There are two
sales in the year under the direction of the Societ}* —

SOCIETIES. 61

one in the Spring and the other in the Fall of the year.
The law, incorporating the Society, exempts all goods
sold under its direction at the regular semi-annual sales,
from the auction duty ; and the City Government, by
an Ordinance has granted the use of the Halls over the
Faneuil Hall Market for the sales, free of expense.
The concerns of the Society are managed by a Board,
consisting of a President, 10 Vice-Presidents, a Treas-
urer, a Secretary and 25 Directors. Their first public
sale commenced on the 12th of September, 1S26, and
the whole amount of goods sold at the five first sales,
was not far from $,2,000,000. In addition to the sales,
the Society had an Exhibition in October, 1826, and
another in August, 1823. At these exhibitions, pre-
miums of medals were offered for the best specimens of
American Manufactures of all kinds — for new inven-
tion? in the Arts. Machinery, Sec. There were 15 med-
als awarded at the first, and 20 at the second exhi-
bition.

There is a Standing Committee from this Society who
have authority to award premiums for new inventions,
machinery, and for experiments in Chemistry and Nat-
ural Philosophy tending to the advancement of the Arts.
Their common premium is an elegant silver medal,
struck from highly finished dies, the workmanship of
Mr. C. Gobrecht, an eminent artist of Philadelphia.
The payment ot {|2 annually constitutes a member, and
those that pay $25, become members for life. The
number of members is about two hundred.

The Society has done much, even at this early period
of its existence, to advance the interests of Mechanics
and Manufacturers ; by bringing them together once or
twice in a year, to attend their extensive and well con-
ducted sales and exhibitions, which enables every me-
6

62 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

chanic and manufacturer to compare the products of his
own skill with those of others, and to present the result
of his labor and study to judges competent to decide on
their character and usefulness, and by opening to him a
market for their sale, where the number, as well as
character and interest of those present, will secure to
him a fair and liberal reward for his inventions and im-
provements. It must give every friend to improve-
ment great pleasure to perceive that the doings of this
Society have created a spirit of emulation, that must
raise still hieher the character of our manufacturers.

EOSTON MECHANICS' INSTITUTION.

Instituted January 12, 1S27. Incorporated June 15,
1527. This Association consists of such mechanics and
others, as are friendly to the promotion of science and
the arts. Its object is the cultivation of useful knowl-
edge, by the aid of lectures, and such other means as
may be found expedient. To place the benefits to be
thus derived within the reach of all classes in the com-
munity, it is provided by the constitution that the fee
for admission shall be only $2, with an annual assess-
ment of the same amount.

The principal direction of the affairs of the Institution
is confided to a board of Managers, composed of a Pre-
sident, three Vice-Presidents, Recording Secretary,
Corresponding Secretary, Treasurer, and fifteen Direc-
tors, who are chosen annually on the last Mondaj' in
April. It is required by the constitution that the four
first officers, and at least three-fourths of the directors,
shall be, or shall have been, practical mechanics, man-
ufacturers, artists, or engineers.

SOCIETIES. 63

The Society was fortunate in selecting as its first
President the Hon. Nathaniel Bowditch,whose exertions
have contributed in no small degree to the usefulness
and prosperity of the Institution.

The first course of lectures, which was commenced
in less than three weeks from the organization of the
Society, consisted of an introductory by Mr. George B-
Emerson, four lectures on subjects in natural Philoso-
phy by Professor Farrar, four on Chemistry by Pro-
fessor Webster, and one on Friction by Mr. Daniel
Treadwell.

The second course, which was commenced on the 7th
of November, 1S27, consisted of an Introductory by the
Hon. Edward Everett, four on Physiology by Dr. John
Ware, four on Chemistry by Professor "Webster, seven
on subjects of Natural Philosophy by Professor Farrar,
and five on a Steam Engine by Mr. Daniel Tread-
well.

The lecture, introductory to the third course, was de-
livered on the 12th of November, 1S28, by the Hon.
Daniel Webster. This course will include lectures on
Architecture, the Elements of Mechanics, the Senses,
Chemistry, and the art of Brewing and Distilling, and
Avill be delivered by Dr. Jacob Bigelow, Mr. Geo. B.
Emerson, Dr. John Ware, Professor Webster and Dr.
Gamaliel Bradford. The lectures are delivered weekly,
on Wednesday evening, in the lecture room of the Bos-
ton Athenaeum, and repeated on the following evening
to a class of minors. The Institution consists at present
of 600 members, and the minors' class of about two
hundred.

In the collection of apparatus, great care has been
used to procure instruments of such a size and structure
as should suit them to be used before a large audience,

64 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

and of such finish of workmanship as should make them
specimens of the skill of experienced artists. In the
model of a working steam-engine, already received,
these two qualities are united in an eminent degree.
This beautiful machine was made by Bancks, Jr. of
London. Those who have had an opportunity of exam-
ining it, have been struck with admiration at the extra-
ordinary delicacy and perfection of the workmanship,
and the great accuracy with which all the parts of this
most complex machine are represented.

Nothing has yet been done with respect to the for-
mation of a library, but as this is a desirable object, it
will no doubt receive attention whenever the friends of
the Institution, and a proper regard to objects of more
immediate importance, shall permit.

BOSTON DEBATING SOCIETY.

This Society, composed of gentlemen belonging to
the various trades and professions in the communit}',
was organized at a meeting held in January and Feb-
ruary, 1S21. Its principal object is the improvement
of its members in extemporaneous discussion. The
government is vested in a President, Vice-President,
and five Directors, who, with a Secretary, Treasurer,
and four Monitors, are chosen annually, on the first
Tuesday evening in February. The meetings of the
society are held every Tuesday evening in Chauncy
Hall. The number of members is at present about
two hundred.

FRANKLIN DEBATING SOCIETY.

This Society was instituted in May, 1S22. The gen-
eral objects of the Association are improvement in ex-
temporaneous speaking, deliberative discussion, and elo-

SOCIETIES. 65

cution in general. Its government is organized in a Pre-
sident, Vice-President, Directors, Secretary and Treas-
urer, who are elected annually in November. The
meetings of the Society are held at Chauncy Hall, on
Wednesday evening of each week : the first meeting in
each month, being devoted to the transaction of inciden-
tal business, and the others to the discussion of subjects
of general interest. The questions for debate are se-
lected by the government and advertised in the public
papers, previous to the meeting, assigned for their dis-
cussion. In the transaction of business and the discus •
sion of questions, the Society is governed by strict par-
liamentary and congressional rules and regulations.
Members are admitted by a vote of seven-eighths of the
Society, and entitled to membership, on paying to the
Treasurer the sum of ^3 at their admission and an an-
nual assessment of {jj>2. The whole number of mem-
bers at the present time is about one hundred and fifty.

HANDEL A>*D HAYDN SOCILTY.

It had long been the wish of some of the most distin-
guished professors of Music in Boston, that something
should be done to improve the style of performing sac-
red music, and to introduce into more general practice
the works of Handel, Haydn, and other eminent com-
posers. With a view to adopt some plan by which
these objects might be accomplished, a meeting was
held at Mr. Graupner's Hall in Franklin-street on the
30th March, 1815. They continued to meet at this
Hall, and at one afterwards provided in Bedford-street,
under the following government : Thomas S. Webb,
President; Amasa Winchester, Vice-President; Nath-

66 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

aniel Tucker.. Treasurer, and M. S. Parker, Secretary.
A board of Trustees was also added. The expences
were at first defrayed by voluntary loans from the mem-
bers, who were originally 31 in number, and they at
first performed selections from the ' Lock Hospital Col-
lection/ in a manner which augured success to their
undertaking. The first public performance which
was at the Stone Chapel, was on Christmas evening,
1S15, which consisted of selections from Haydn's Crea-
tion, Handel's Messiah, £cc. One thousand persons
were present on this occasion. The Society from this
time, by indefatigable exertions, rose into repute rapid-
ly, repeating their public performances often and sat-
isfactorily.

The Society was incorporated by an act of the Legis-
lature Feb. 9, 1816, and increased to such a degree,
that it was found necessary to procure a much larger
hall. They selected Boylston Hall over Boylston Mar-
ket, at which place they have held their meetings since
Feb. 11, 1817. The act of incorporation allows the So-
ciety to hold $50,000 in real estate, and the like sum in
personal property, which is never to be divided among
the members of the corporation, but descend to their
successors, subject only to the payment of the just debts
incurred by the Corporation.

In 1818, Incledon and Phillip.?, the celebrated vocal-
ists, assisted their performances several times, and in-
deed it has ever been the custom of this society to invite
such distinguished performers as may gratify the city
with a display of their talents, to join their public con-
certs. This association has published three quartos of
Sacred Music from the works of Handel, Haydn, Be-
thoven, Mozart, &c. Six editions of Orchestra Church
Music, a volume of Old Colony Collection of Anthems,

SOCIETIES. 67

and other works : with the profits accruing from these,
they have been able to purchase a fine toned Organ, and
a valuable collection of music. Their orchestra is com-
posed of the united musical talent of our city. Their
s tated meetings for the practice of music are held on the
first Tuesday evening in every month. The terms of
admission are $10, and signing the bye-laws, after re-
ceiving the vote of seven-eighths of the members pre-
sent, when ballotted for. To perpetuate this society, it
is provided that three fourths of all the profits, arising
from the publication and sale of music, constitute a fund
— two thirds of v\ hich are to be reserved and appropriated
to the building of a Hall for their use, and the remaining
third to purchase a musical Library, or any other ob-
ject consistent with the original design of the institution.
The property possessed by this society is about $7,000.
The number of members in 1S27 was about 160.

"We question if any other society in our country has
done so much for the noble and elevated cause it has
espoused, as has this. Raised to its present high stand-
ing by its own exertions, it deserves the support of all
lovers of this < art divine.'

THE APOLLO SOCIETY

Next deserves notice. This association has, since its
foundation in September, 1S24. maintained an unusually
eminent station among the musical societies in our
country. Projected on a scientific and liberal plan, it
has always been an attraction to lovers of genuine music.

PKIL0-HAKM05IC SOCIETY.

A musical Association of Amateurs was formed in
Boston some years since, and for a time performed the
fashionable music of the day with considerable eclat.

68 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Latterly, however, the meetings of this society have
been limited to their annual convention for choice of
officers, and for occasional purposes.

THE MOZART SOCIETY,

A sacred music Association, of a late date, has perform-
ed several Concerts, with acceptable success.

PBISON DISCIPLINE SOCIETY.

This Society, formed by a number of the most re-
spectable people of this city, was organized in Boston,
June SO, 1S25. Their object is to promote ' the im-
provement of Public Prisons.' The officers of (his so-
ciety consist of a President, 15 Vice-Presidents, a Treas-
urer and Secretary ; and a Board of Managers, consist-
ing of twelve persons, chosen anually. The Secretary
has a salary of ,^1000, and is required to devote all his
time to the objects of the society. Persons subscribing
and paying ^2 annually are admitted members. Those
paying $30 at one time are members for life ; persons
paying i^lO annually, become Directors, and those that
pay ,^100 are Directors for life. The annual meeting
of this society is held in Boston on the Friday succeed-
ing the General Election.

There are a number of other Societies in Boston, wor-
thy of a more detailed account, than the facts furnished
"will enable us to give. Among these are —

Auxiliary Foreign Mission Society, of Boston and
vicinity.

The Massachusetts Charitable Congregational Society.
Incorporated March 2 4th, 17S6.

SOCIETIES. 69

Faustus Association. Instituted August 2, 1S05.

Massachusetts Charitable Society. Founded in Bos-
ton, September 6, 1762. Incorporated March 15,
1780.

Boston Episcopal Charitable Society. Instituted in
1724. Incorporated February 12, 1TS4.

Boston Society for the Religious and Moral Improve-
ment of Seamen. Instituted May 11, 1S12.

Scot's Charitable Society. Instituted in 16S4. In-
corporated March 1G, 173G.

Boston Female Society, for Missionary Purposes.
Constituted, Oct. 9, 1800. '

Charitable Irish Society. Instituted March, 1737. In-
corporated Febuary 23, 1S09.

The Coiban Society, instituted by Females of Boston
to aid Candidates for the Gospel Ministry, September
1811.

Fragment Society. Incorporated November, 1816.
Instituted by Females of Boston, for the relief of Women
and Children in destitute circumstances.

The Baptist Evangelical Tract Society.

Female Philanthropic Society.

American Tract Society, in Boston.

Boston Female Samaritan Society.

Baptist Missionary Society of Massachusetts.

Fatherless and "Widow's Society.

Massachusetts Bible Society.

Boston Baptist Evangelical Society.

Boston Female Society, for the promotion of Chris-
tianity among the Jews.

American Education Society.

Massachusetts Peace Society.

Franklin Typographical Society.

70 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Washington Society.

Massachusetts Society of Cincinnati.

Boston Society for the Suppression of Intemperance.

Pastoral Association of Massachusetts.

Massachusetts Sabbath School Union.

Hibernian Relief Society.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

STATE HOUSE.

The corner stone of this edifice was laid July 4th,
1795, on land formerly owned by Governor Hancock,
near the top of Beacon Hill. This building is of an ob-
long form. 173 feet front and 61 deep. It consists ex-
ternally of a basement story, 20 feet high, and a princi-
pal story 30 feet. This, in the centre of the front, is
covered with an attic 60 feet wide, 20 feet high, which
is covered with a pediment. Immediately above this
rises a dome, 50 feet diameter, and 20 high ; the whole
terminates with an elegant circular lantern supporting
an elegant pine cone. The basement story is finished
plain on the wings with square windows. The center
is 94 feet in length, and formed of arches Avhich project
14 feet; they form a covered walk below; and support
a colonnade of Corinthian columns of the same extent
above. The outside walls are of large patent bricks,
with white marble fascias, imposts and keystones. The
body of the building is of^,a Portland stone color;
the dome of a bronze. The lower story is divided into
a large hall or public walk in the centre, 50 feet square
and 20 high, supported by Dorick columns. In the
centre and on the north side of this story is placed the
highly finished Statue or Washington by Chantry,

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 71

in a neat Temple erected for the purpose. Two en-
tries open at each end, 16 feet wide, with two flights
of stairs in each ; on both sides of which are offices for
the Treasurer. Secretary. Adjutant and Quarter Master
General, and the Land Office. The rooms above are,
the Representatives' room, in the centre, 55 feet square,
the corners formed into niches for fire places; this room
is finished with Dorick columns on two sides, at 12 feet
from the floor, forming- galleries ; the Dorick entabla-
ture surrounds the whole ; from this spring four flat
arches on the side, which being united by a circular
cornice above, form in the angles four large pendants to
a bold and well proportioned dome. The pendants arc
ornamented with emblems of Commerce, Agriculture,
Peace and War. The dome is finished in compartments
of stucco in a style of simple elegance. The centre of
the dome is fifty feet from the floor. The Speaker's
chair is placed on the north side, and the permanent
seats, in a semi-circular form, are so arranged as to ac-
commodate about 350 members on the floor, leaving in
their rear on the south side of the room an area which
will accommodate a number of spectators without in-
convenience to the members of the House. There are
two galleries in this room, one for the accommodation
of the members and another for spectators.

North of the centre room is the Senate chamber, 55
feet long, 33 wide, and 30 high, highly finished in the
Ionick order ; two screens of columns support with
their entablature a rich and elegant arched ceiling.
This room is also ornamented with Ionic pilasters, and
with the arms of the State, and of the United States,
placed in opposite pannels.

The Council chamber is on the opposite quarter of
the building, it is 27 feet square, and 20 high with a flat

72 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

ceiling; the walls are finished with Corinthian pilas-
ters, and pannels of stucco ; these pannels are enriched
with the State arms, with emblems of executive power,
the scale and sword of justice, and the insignia of arts
and freedom, the Caduceus and cap of Liberty ; the
whole decorated with wreaths of oak and laurel. Be-
sides these principal rooms, there are about twenty
smaller plainly finished for the use of committees. The
whole cost of the building amounted to $133,333 33. It
was first occupied by the Legislature on the 11th of
January, 179S.

The foundation of this edifice is 110 feet above the
level of the harbor, and its elevation and size make it a
very conspicuous object. Two flights of stairs lead to
the top of the outer dome, 170 steps from the founda-
tion. The view from this dome, which is 230 feet above
the level of the sea, affords one of the most interesting
and beautiful spectacles. The eye embraces at once
every avenue and every public building in the city,
and overlooks the towns adjacent, all speckled with
white houses and country seats, amidst groves and luxu-
riant fields. At our feet, on the right, we see the man-
sion house of Hancock, (a venerable stone building of
upwards of eighty years standing) and in front is spread
the Common, like a splendid carpet of green, bounded
on all sides bjr the Malls, closely shaded by trees of va-
rious growth, over which the great elm in the middle
of the common, (near to an old redoubt, and beside an
artificial pond,) seems to command the whole, with the
majestic waving of his huge branches, the growth of
more than a century. East, lies in full view, the sight
unobstructed in its farthest reach, the ocean and the
harbor, bespangled with islands, almost as numerous,
and said to be equally as charming as those which beau-

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 73

tify the bay of Naples: all together combining to make
this view one of the most delightful panoramas that the
world affords. Turning to the north, you have a fine
view of Charlestown, the Navy Yard. Bunker Hill and
the Monument.

FANEUIL HALL.

The history of Faneuil Hall, which has been very
properly styled the 'cradle of American libertv,'
is intimately connected with that of our country. The
original building, commenced in 1740, was the noble
gift of Peter Faneuil, Esq. to the town of Boston, for
a town hall and market place". The inside woodwork
and roof of this building" was destroyed by fire on the
13th of January, 1761. It was again repaired in 1763,
with some slight alteration in the work, but the size of
the building remained the same, two, stories high and
100 feet by 40. The enlargement, by which it was ex-
tended in width to SO feet, and a third story added, was
proposed by the selectmen in May, 1805, and completed
in the course of the year. The building has a Cupola,
from which there is a, fine view of the harbor. The
great hall is 76 feet square, and 2S feet high, with gal-
leries of three sides upon doric columns; the ceiling is
supported by two ranges of Jonic. columns ; the walls
enriched with: pilasters and the windows with archi-
traves, &c. Platforms under and in the galleries rise
araphitheatrically to accommodate spectators, and from
trials already made on various occasions of public inter-
est, it appears favorable for sight and sound.

The west end is decorated by an original full
length painting of "Washington, by Stuart, presented
7

74 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

by Samuel Parkman, Esq. and another painting of the
same size, by Col. Henry Sargent, representing Peti:r
Faneuil, Esq. in full length, copied from an original
of smaller size.

Above the great hall is another 7S feet long' and 30
wide, devoted to the exercise of the different military
corps of the city, with a number of apartments on each
side for depositing the arms and military equipments,
where those of the several Independent Companies are
arranged and kept in perfect order. The building also
contains convenient offices for the Overseers of the Poor,
Assessors, &c.

During the summer of 1827, the city government
thoroughly repaired the building and divided the lower
stovy, which had formerly been used for a market, into
eight elegant and convenient stores, which give to the
city upwards of $4,600 per annum. The building was
at the same time painted a light Portland stone color.

In the annals of the American Continent, there is no
one place, more distinguished for powerful eloquence,
than Faneuil Hall. That flame which roused a depres-
ed jieople from want and degradation, arose from the al-
tar of Liberty in Faneuil Hall: — the language which
made a monarch tremble upon his throne for the safety
of bis colonies, and which inspired New England with
confidence in a cause, both arduous and bold, unpre-
pared and unassisted, against a royal bulwark of here-
ditary authority, had its origin in Faneuil Hall. Those
maxims of political truth which have extended an influ-
ence over the habitable globe, and have given rise to *iew
republics, where despotism once held a court, glutted
with the blood that would be free, werefirst promulgat-
ed in Faneuil Hall. Tyranny, with all its concomitant
evils, was first exposed, and the great machine of human

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 75

wisdom, which was to emancipate man from the rapa-
cious jaws of a British Lion, was put in active operation
in Faneuil Hall. The story of our country's future
greatness, her power, her learning, her magnitude, her
final independence, was told prophetically in the same
immortal forum.

FANEUIL HALL MARKET.

Faneuil Hall Market is situated at the east end of
Faneuil Hall, between two streets called North and
South Market Streets, having two streets passing at
right angles at the east and west fronts, the one being
76 feet, ond the other at the east end, 65 feet wide.
North Market-street is 65 feet wide, the South 102 feet,
each street having a range of stores four stories high
with granite fronts; the range of stores on the north side
520 feet, and 55 feet deep ; on the south 530 feet, and
65 feet deep ; (an arched avenue in centre of each range
five feet wide, communicating with the adjoining streets;)
the facade of which is composed of piers, lintel, and
arched windows . on the second story. The roofs are
slated, and the cellars water proof. The height and
form of the stores were regulated by the conditions of
sale. The purchaser was required to erect, within a
limited time, a brick store with hammered stone front,
(granite piers) in strict conformity with a plan drawn
by Mr. Alexander Parris.

The first operation for locating and building this spa-
cious and superb Market House, commenced on the 20th
of August, 1S24. by staking out the ground for the same,
and for the North .Market-street ; the old buildings
standing on the premises, having been previously pur-
chased by the city, but not removed.

76 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Shortly after the razing of these buildings, the filling
up of the docks, and other work, necessary for clearing
the wide area, and preparing for laying the corner stone
of the structure, were simultaneously entered upon, and
carried through, to the raising of the splendid dome,
without the intervention, we believe, of a single acci-
dent, or occurrence, affecting human life.

The corner stone of this building was laid with much
ceremony. The plate deposited beneath it bears the
names of the Mayor, Aldermen and Common Council,
Building Committee and Principal Architect, besides
the following inscription : ' Faneuil Hall Market, es-
tablished by the City of Boston. This stone was laid
April 27, Anno Domini Mncccxxv. In the forty-ninth
year of American Independence and in the third of the
incorporation of the city. John Quincy Adams, Presi-
dent of the United States. Marcus Morton, Lt. Gov-
ernor and Commander in chief of the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts. The population of the city estimated at
50,000 : that of the United States 11,000,000.'

In length it is 585 feet 9 inches, in width 50 feet,
wholly built of granite, having a center building 74^ by
55 feet, projecting 2£ feet in the north and south fronts.
From the centre buildings are wings on each side, 173
by 50 feet, the wing continues from a projection of 6
inches, 46 feet 3 inches, and 51 feet in width, on each
facade of which are 5 anta.es, projecting 6 inches, finish-
ing with a portico at each end of the building, project-
ing 11 feet 7£ inches. The porticos consist of 4 columns,
3£ feet diameter at base, and 2 feet 10 inches at neck,
each shaft in one piece, 20 feet 9 inches long, with a
capital of the Grecian Doric. The columns support a
pediment, the tympanum of which has a circular win-
dow for ventilation. The wings are of two stories, the

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 77

lower one 14 ieet, the upper 14^ feet, the lower win-
dows have circular heads. The huilding is finished with
a Grecian cornice lfi inches in depth, and 21 inches
projection, worked in granite. The roof is slated, and
gutters copper. The height of the wings from the side-
walk to the top of the cornice is 81 feet.

The facade of the centre building, up to the underside
of the second story windows, is composed of five recessed
of piers and arches of grooved ashler, on the top of which
are again formed recesses by antaes, supporting a frieze
and cornice, similar to the wing building ; in each re-
cess is a circular headed window, the centre a Venetian ;
on the top of the cornice is a blocking course, and an
octagon attic, 6 feet high, with two elliptical sawiells,
surmounted by a dome covered with copper, and crown-
ed by a lantern light. At each angle on top of the cen-
tre building is a pedestal, in which are placed the ne-
cessary flues.

The whole edifice is supported by a base of Quincy
blue granite, 2 feet 10 inches high, with arched win-
dows and doors, communicating with the cellars.

The building is approached by 6 steps of easy ascent;
each wins: has 6 doors. The centre building in the
north and south front, a pair of folding doors, enter a
passage 10 feet wide, paved with brick, bid on ground
arches; the wings have also a passage way of smaller
dimensions to correspond.

The principal entrances are from the east and Avest
porticos, which communicate with the corridor, 512 feet
long, 12 feet wide, with entablatures, finished with a
cove ceiling. The interior is divided into 12S stalls,
and occupied as follows, viz: 14 for mutton, lamb, veal
and poultry ; two for poultry and venison ; 19 for pork,

78 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

lamb, butter and poultry ; -15 for beef; 4 for butter and
cheese ; 19 for vegetables ; and 20 for fish.

On the south front are four door ways opening to stair-
cases, leading to the second story, In the centre of which
is a hall, 70 by 50 feet, having a dome, springing from
four segmental arches, ornamented with pannels and
rosetts, in the crown of which is an elliptical opening,
14 b}' 12 feet, through which is seen the sky light, and
part of the outer dome. The whole height of the hall
to the opening, or eye of tbe dome, is 46 feet. Each
wing is divided into two halls by a brick partition, the
smaller 44 by 47, the larger 173 by 47.

The whole of the Market and the improvements on
North and South Market Streets, were completed with-
in the space of 28 months, and occupy about 1 acre, 2
perches, 24 rods, the greater part of which has been
reclaimed from the sea, by filling in earth at different
periods. The cellar story is occupied for storage of pro-
visions, and made perfectly water proof.

The Hon. Josiah Quincy, Mayor of the City, is enti-
tled to much credit for his exertions in carrying this
bold and noble plan into execution. It is in fact one of
the principal attractions of the city, to strangers.

OLD STATE HOUSE.

The building first erected for govermental business
was placed at the head of State-street. It has been
twice burnt. The last time it was destroyed was in
1747, and it was repaired in the following year in its
present form. Tbe building is in length 110, in breadth
38 feet, three stories high, finished according to the
Tuscan, Dorick and Ionic orders. The lower story of

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 79

this building is now rented by tbe city for stores and
offices, the second and third stories, except one room at
the west of the second story, (which is occupied for the
city Treasurer's office.) are occupied by the Masonic
Lodges in Boston.

The Masonic Hall is elegantly embellished : the dec-
orations and furniture are very rich and appropriate,
and the room is sufficiently capacious for most masonic
purposes. It measures 43 by 32 feet and is 16 feet high.
The following is a list of the lodges that hold their
meetings here, viz.

Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, on the 2d Wednes-
day in December. March, June and September.

Grand Chapter, 2d Tuesday in December, June and
September.

St. John's Lodge, on 1st Tuesday of each month.
St. Andrews' on 2d Thursday " «

Massachusetts on last Friday " "

Columbian on 1st Thursday " "

Mount Lebanon on last Monday " "

St. Andrews' Chapter, 1st Wednesday " "
St. Paul's Chapter, on 3d Tuesday "
Council of R. M. on last Wednesday " "
Encampment on 3d Wednesday " "

This building being placed at the head of one of the
first streets in Boston, has quite a pleasant and imposing
appearance to the stranger as he approaches it from
Long Wharf.

In Hales' survey of Boston and vicinity, the measures
of distances are reckoned from this building.

COURT HOUSE — COURT SQUARE,

School-Street.

Dr. Snow, in his History of Boston, suggests the pro-
priety of calling this building Johnson Hall in honor of

80 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Isaac Johnson, Esq. one of the first settlers of Boston.
This perhaps might be very proper, for it seems almost
necessary it should receive some appellation by which
it could be designated from our other court houses, but
it is believed that the purposes to which it is appropriat-
ed would suggest another name quite as suitable. It is
in fact our Citv Halt., being principally occupied for
municipal purposes. This building was erected in 1S10,
the materials of which are of white granite, with a stone
or brick floor for the first story. It is 140 feet long,
consists of an Octagon centre, 55 feet wide, two stories,
two wings of three stories, 26 by 40 feet connected by
the entrance and passages to the centre; contains two
large halls or court rooms in the centre, one smaller in
one wing, Offices of Probate, Register of Deeds. Clerks
of Supreme and Common Pleas Courts, Rooms for Judges
and Law Library, rooms for Grand and Petit Juries.
The board of Aldeimen and Common Council hold their
sessions in this building ; and the offices of the Mayor,
City Clerk, City Auditor, City Marshall, and Superin-
tendent of Buiial Grounds are also kept here. The
cost of the building to the County was $92.SI7 16.

COURT HOUSE, J All. AND HOUSE OF CORRECTION.

The County Jail in Leveret-street and the House of
Correction connected with it, and the Municipal Court
House, are three separate edifices, all of which are
handsome stone buildings. Perhaps there is not a pris-
on in the world made more secure. The walls and
floors are composed of large blocks of hewn stone, which
arc firmly bound together with iron ; and between the
courses, loorc cannon balls are placed in cavities made
half in the unper and hah in the lower blocks, as

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 81

a further security. Several years elapsed after these
were commenced, hefore they were finished and occu-
pied, which was in 1S22.

Before leaving this subject it may be proper to say
something that will convey an idea of the internal econ-
omy and regulations of these abodes of wretchedness.
The inmates of the House of Correction are generally
sent there by the Police Court, though many are order-
ed there by the Municipal Court. A great proportion
of this class of prisoners are confirmed drunkards, — or
notorious for their disorderly and immoral lives. The
women, from very young girls to those of an advanced
age, who are sometimes collected there, are mostly em-
ployed in making meivs clothing, excepting one day in
the week, which is set apart for washing. They are
kept orderly, under the care of experienced managers
of such people, and their work is laid out and superin-
tended by females of good character. The men, con-
fined in the House of Correction, are ordinarily em-
ployed in breaking stone, suitable for repairing and
McAdamizing the streets. They work with a ball and
chain, generally, if notoriously bad, to prevent escape.
In cold or rainy weather, they pick oakum in the mid-
dle story of the Jail. These prisoners are under the
immediate charge of a careful man, whose humanity
towards these unhappy creatures is greatly to be prais-
ed. The debtors, in close prison, occupy the rooms in
the third story of the Jail, where they are accessible by
their friends, at all hours of the day, by steps leading to
a balustrade under the windows. Prisoners who are
waiting trial, as -well as those who have been condemn-
ed, are principally lodged on the lower floor of the Jail.
The food of the prisoners consists, principally of fresh
beef, flour bread, and a kind of broth, technically called

82 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

skilly, made by thickening the liquor in which the
meat has been boiled, with Indian meal. In case of
sickness, however, a diet is directed by the physician,
according to the wants and necessities of the individual.
The aged and infirm, as well as those who are debili-
tated by intemperance or disease, are allowed tea, rice,
broths, &c. daily, besides other comforts, which it were
unnecessary to particularize. A physician whose sal-
ary is fixed by the board of accounts, at £200 per an-
num, visits the prison daily and prescribes according to
his best skill and judgment. The apothecary room,
though small, has a well assorted case of medicines.
In this room a diet book is regularly made out, for the
sick of the day. The directors also hold their meetings
in the same room, on tbe afternoon of each Monday.
Religious services are held in one or both prisons, every
Sabbath, by pious philanthropic divines. The immed-
iate responsibility of the whole, devolves on the Jailor,
Mr. Badlam, whose character, as a discreet and humane
man, and as a superintendant over this necessary, but
gloomy reservoir of misery, has long been acknowledg-
ed by the community.

THE OLD COURT HOUSE

On the south side of Court-st. was a handsome building
of brick, three stories high, and has on the roof an oc-
tagon cupola. On the lower floor are the offices of the
United States District Marshall, and several private offi-
ces. In the second story, the floor of which is support-
ed by pillars of the Tuscan order, are held the Circuit
and District Courts of the U. S. for the Massachusetts
District, and the office of the District clerk. In the

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. SB

third story are convenient rooms for jurors, Sec. This
building, before the erection of the Court House, in
Court-Square, was used by all the courts of law held in
the county.

THE CUSTOM HOUSE

Stands on the north side of Custom House Street, near
the head of Central wharf. It is 60 feet square and
two stories in height exclusive of the basement, which
is divided by brick Avails and brick arches supporting
the different passages above. The lower part of the
front is built of stone and the upper part of brick, with
a colonnade GO feet long and 10 feet wide, supported by
10 stone columns of the doric order, 14 feet in length.
The floor is paved with stone, and a broad flight of stone
steps with iron railings leads to the several offices. It
is finished with a stone frieze and cornice, and the win-
dows ornamented with marble dressings. The front is
crowned by a pediment, en the top of which is a spread
eagle. The basement and first story is calculated for
the storing of goods, and contains a number of compart-
ments occupied by the house-keeper, and some of the
under officers. The upper story contains 6 rooms 20
feet high, in which the business of the office is transac-
ted. The building is remarkably Avell contrived for
the convenience of business, and exhibits a chaste and
elegant specimen of architecture. It was built in 1810,
and first occupied on the 29th of December. It cost
about thirty thousand dollars.

merchants' hall.

The location of this building is at the corner of Con-
gress and Water Streets; it is a large plain building of
brick, four stories in height. On the lower floor is the

84 PICTURE OF EOSTON.

Post-Office, a spacious Hall and a very extensive News
Room, which for its utility deserves a particular de-
scription.

TOFLIFF'S READING ROOM.

This establishment is supported by subscribers, con-
sisting chiefly of the first Merchants in the place. The
annual subscription is $10, with the right of introducing
a friend, from any place, not within 6 miles of the city.
The room is furnished with all the principal papers in
the United States, as well as foreign papers, prices cur-
rent, Sec. Also seven books — the 1st is for the general
record of news, on which is recorded dail}-, all informa-
tion of a general nature, and such as is particularly in-
teresting to the merchants of the place, as may be re-
ceived from correspondents, by land or water, and by
arrivals at the port ; the 2d is for the record of all arri-
vals from foreign parts or places, with the cargoes par-
ticularly specified to each consignee ; the 3d for the
record of all arrivals from other porta in the United
States similarly noted as the 2d ; the 4th for the record
of all vessels cleared for foreign ports, time of sailing,
&c. the 5th for the record of all vessels cleared for
other ports in the United States ; the 6th for the record
of all arrivals and clearances, from or for foreign ports,
in all ports of the United States, except Boston ; and the
7th for the record of the names of all gentlemen intro-
duced by the subscribers, the places whence they came
and the name of the subscriber introducing them. In
the room are also several of the most important maps,
necessary or useful to the ship owner or merchant ;
and a good clock. Attached to this establishment is a
boat with two men ready at all times, for the Superin-

lz^l. £2^ll mmm

'#)»

EAUEWHIL SiSSo

rt«i-*-.Jsg

I'jL'IliiT SK

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 85

tend ant, who generally boards all vessels arriving in the
port, and all such information as he maj" obtain from
them is recorded on the several books above mentioned,
as soon as possible for the benefit of the subscribers and
all those who have the privilege of frequenting the
room.

THE POST OFFICE

Is situated on the corner of Congress and Water-streets,
on the same floor with Merchants' Hall, and Reading
Room. Aaron Hill, Esq. Post-Master. There are S
Clerks employed in the office, and one Penny-post for
distributing letters through the citv. There are made
up weekly for departure, about 1500 mails. The great
Southern Mail closes at 1 o'clock, p. m. and arrives
about 6 o'clock, p. m. during the warm seasons, and
about mid-night during the winter. The Eastern Mail
closes at S o'clock, p. m. and arrives in the course of
the night. To insure immediate forwarding of letters,
they should be desposited at least 10 or 15 minutes
previous to the closing of the mail. The office is open-
ed during the warm seasons at 7 o'clock, and during the
winter at 8 o'clock, a. m. and is closed at S o'clock, p. m.
the year round, with the escepiion of Sundays, when it
is open from 11 a. m. until 1 p. m.

BOTESTOX MARKET AND BOYESTON IIAEL.

This building, situated at the corner of 'Washington
and Boylston Streets, was so named in honor of Ward
Nicholas Boylston, Esq. The proprietors were incor-
porated Feb. 27, 1309, and the foundation of the build-
ing was commenced in the April following. The land
S

86 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

belonging to the corporation was formerly owned by
Samuel Welles, Esq. of whose heirs it was purchased
by Mr. Jos. C. Dyer, and by him conveyed to the pre-
sent proprietors for $20,560. The cost of the building
was about $39,000, besides the cupola, which was built
by subscription. The clock was a donation of Mr. Boyl-
ston. It was opened in 1S10. It is in length 120 feet
and in -width 50, of three stories, with a deep cellar.
On the first floor are 12 stalls for the sale of provisions.
The second is separated by an avenue running length-
wise, on the sides of which are four spacious rooms.

The 3d story forms one of the most spacious halls in Bos-
ton, and is denominated Boylston Hall. This is a noble
apartment, 100 feet long by 48 feet in breadth, with an
arched ceiling 24 feet high. It is rented by the Han-
del and Haydn Society, and is coromodiously fitted up
for their accommodation. At the west end an orches-
tra is constructed capable of containing 150 vocal and
instrumental performers. A handsome organ, built by
Mr. Appletonof this city, stands at the extreme westerly
end, with its top nearly touching the roof of the hall.
The seats in the orchestra are built in a semi-circular
form, and in the centre of the arc stands the desk of the
president. The orchestra occupies about one fourth
part of the floor; the remainder of which is furnished
with settees, for the audience, and will accommodate
about 800 persons. The entrance is by three doors at
the east end, and immediately over these is a gallery
sufficiently spacious to accommodate two hundred.

The Hall is occasionally used for lectures, concerts,
declamations, &c. Previous to building the church in
Piedmont-street, the Rev. James Sabine preached here
on Sundays to his little flock, which followed him from
the church in Essex-street.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 87

PARKMAN'S MARKET.

This market is a large brick building at the corner of
Grove and Cambridge Streets, distinguished by a cupola.
It was erected b}r the late Samuel Parkman, Esq. for
the purpose of a market to accommodate the population
in that neighborhood. It was built in the fall of 1810.

THE CITY MARKET

Is an extensive brick building three stories high, situat-
ed at (he end of Brattle-street next to Dock-square.
The lower story and cellars were appropriated to the
sale of provisions. This building was erected by pri-
vate citizens in the year 1819 : the town had opposed
their wish to be incorporated, and their application to
the General Court was in consequence unsuccessful.
The city has since refused to accept the building as a
donation, and a furniture warehouse is now kept in the
part formerly occupied as a market.

VNITED STATES BRANCH BANK.

The capital stock of this Bank, employed in Boston is
$1,500,000. This banking house is situated in State-St.
at the head of Wilson's lane, and constitutes a chief orna-
ment of our Exchange. The first outline of a plan for
this building was made for the situation which is occu-
pied by the Old State House, and was intended to be an
imitation of the purest example of the Grecian Dorick
order with two porticos: but the scite, which was final-
ly obtained, required a different arrangement. One of

83 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

the porticos was dispensed with, and Antae at the an-
gles introduced, according to the primitive form of the
Grecian Temple. The shafts of the columns are frus-
tums of cones, the sides' being right lines, which, being
the most severe and simple form, seemed the best
adapted to the occasion. The corner stone of this edi-
fice was laid on Monday, July 5, 1S24. Mr. Solomon
Willard was the designer and architect. The building
is about 44 feet in front and 96 feet deep. The portico
is an imitation from the primitive form of the Grecian
Temple, with little variation, excepting what was neces-
sary in order to adapt it to the location, and to the re-
fractory material (Chelmsford granite) of which it was
to be built. The columns are of the Grecian Dorick,
four feet in diameter and twenty four feet high, the shaft
being a single piece.

In the front part of the building, on the first floor,
there is an entry, and two rooms for the President and
Cashier ; and in the second story over them, a large
room for the use of the Directors. The centre of the
building is occupied for the Banking room, which is a
rotunda, 36 feet in diameter, and 44 feet high to the top
of the curb stone. The rear of the building contains
the vaults, which open into the Banking room, and a
number of other apartments which are to serve for the
various purposes of the institution.

There are several other Banking houses in Boston,
the elegance of which, would be likely to attract the
notice of the stranger. Such are the State Bank and
the City Bank on the south side of State-street, and
Washington Bank, a small but neat granite edifice,
with columns in front, near Boylston Market.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. Si)

CONCERT HALL

Is a large, handsome building at the head of Hanover
street. It was erected in the year 1756, by Mr. Steph-
en Deblois, a musician, for the purpose of concerts,
dancing, and other entertainments. The building has
since been enlarged, and improved at a great expense
by Mr. Amory, the proprietor. The front Hall is about
60 feet by 30 in the second story and is justly admired
for its correct proportions and the richness of its archi-
tecture." It is highly finished in the Corinthian style,
with an orchestra, and the walls are ornamented with
superb minors. In the rear is another hall on the
same story finished in a plainer style, and well calcula-
ted for public entertainments, and large parties.

JULIEN HALL.

This is a large and convenient edifice situated on the
corner of Congress and Milk Streets, erected in 1S25 by
Dr. Edward H. Robbins, and received the name of
Jvlicn Hall, in consequence of its being built on the
land where formerly stood the much noted Julieii's
Rcstorator. There are two halls in this building, 55
by 44 feet square ; the principal one is 15 feet high, and
receives light through the cupola in the centre. These
are rented for various purposes, such as public exhibi-
tions, the holding of meetings, &c.

CORINTHIAN HALL.

This Hall was built by Mr. J. L. Cunningham, who
occupies the first floor of the building for his extensive
Auction Rooms. It is located on the corner of Milk and

90 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Federal Street9 near Julien Hall, and has a small cu-
pola which adds to the beauty of the building. The
Hall, which was finished for an Assembly Room, has
become a fashionable place for the meeting of Cotillion
Parties. It was first opened by Mons. Lebasse, for his
Dancing Assembly on the 4th of October, 1826.

PANTHEOK HALL.

This is a very neat and convenient hall, for holding-
various Assemblies. It is situated in Washington
Street, on the corner of Boylston Square.

WASHINGTON HALL

Is another hall, recentlj' built and fitted for similar
purposes. This is also in Washington Street, and its
location is nearly opposite Franklin Street.

CIIAUNCY HALL — IN CHAINCY PLACE,

Was built in 1828, by Mr. G. F. Thayer, for many
years a teacher of a private seminary in this city, and
is devoted principally to the use of his school. It takes
its name from Dr. Charles Chauncy, a man of liberal
feelings, and enlightened mind. It contains one of the
finest halls for public speaking, that there is in the city.
The meetings of the debating; societies are held here.

The building presents a view of three stories in front,
though it has no rooms at the base, the space being de-
voted, by a peculiar construction, to the purposes of a
play-ground for the pupils, and is supported by rough
granite pillars, admitting a free circulation of air and

BRIDGES. 91

light. The exterior and interior are of a superior order,
embracing every convenience for a large school, and
administering, in a high degree, to the comfort and pro-
gress of the pupils. The school kept here is intended
to be of the first order, and to embrace all that is most
valuable in an academic course.

BRIDGES.

Some of the most striking objects to attract the stran-
ger on visiting Boston, are our bridges which lead from
its' various points. Although we cannot boast of so
grand superstructures as the ancient city of London, we
nevertheless have a greater number of those convenient
avenue?. The subject of Free Bridges, has recently
been agitated, and received considerable countenance
from our state authorities; and it is to be hoped the
period is not far distant when all the bridges communi-
cating with the metropolis will be made free. Except-
ing Craio-ie's and the TTarren bridge, where the carriage
way is covered with earth, the construction of all
the bridges is similar, and the rates of toll are the
same as the Charles River Bridge, excepting the Bos-
ton South Bridge, (where foot passengers are not taxed,
but the rates for vehicles, &c. are rather higher,) and
the Boston Free Bridge, Avhich belongs to the city. All
these bridges are well lighted by lamps when the ev-
enings are dark, and the lights, placed at regular dis-
tances, have a splendid and romantic appearance.

CHAKLE3 RIVER BRIDGE.

The first great undertaking, since the revolution, was
the erection of a bridge over Charles River, in the place

92 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

where the ferry between Boston and Charlestown was
kept.* The Act, which incorporated Messrs. John Han-
cock, Thomas Russell, Nath. Gorham, and Ebenezcr
Parsons and others, who had subscribed to a fund for
executing and completing this purpose, was passed
March 9, 17S5, and the bridge was so far completed that
the last pier was ready to be put down on the 81st of
May. 1786.

On the 17th of June, the bridge was opened for pas-
sengers. Preparation had been made for great festivity
on the occasion. Salutes of 13 guns were fired by sun ■
rise from Bunker and Copps' hills, and the bells of
Christ Church rang repeated peals. This salute formed
a contrast so striking, compared with the hostile and
bloody one of the same clay, of the same month, and of
the week, in '75, as to excite in every breast emotions
of the happiest kind. At 1, p. m. the proprietors as-
sembled in the State House, at the head of State-street,
for the purpose of waiting on the different branches of
the legislature over the bridge. The procession con-
sisted of almost every respectable character in public
and private life ; as they moved from State-street, a sa-
lute was fired from the Castle ; and upon their arrival at
the entrance of the bridge, the attendant companies of
artillery and artificers formed two lines on the right
and left of the proprietors, and moved on to the centre
of the bridge, when the President of the proprietary ad-
vanced alone, and gave orders to Mr. Cox, the master
workman, to fix the draw for the passage of the compa-
ny, which was immediately done. At this moment 13
cannon were fired from Copps' hill, and the procession

* Al llic lime this bridge was built it was considered the gi eatest un-
dertaking that had ever been jirojected in America.

BRIDGES. D3

passed forward, attended by the loudest shouts of accla-
mation, from a concourse of at least 20.000 spectators.
As the company ascended Breed's hill, 13 cannon were
discharged. The gentlemen took their seats at two ta-
bles of 320 feet, united at each end by a semi-circular
one, which accommodated 800 persons, who spent the
day in sober festivity, and separated at 6 o'clock.

The following description of this bridge was publish-
ed at the time, as taken from actual survey. The abut-
ment at Charlestown, from the old landing, is 100 feet;
space to the first pier 16^ feet ; 63 piers at equal distance
to the draw G22£ feet ; width of the draw 30 feet ; 39
piers at equal distance from the draw 672 feet; space to
the abutment at Boston 1G£ feet ; abutment at Boston
to the old landing 45* feet; whole length 1503 feet.

The 75 piers total, upon which this elegant structure
stands, are each composed of 7 sticks of oak timber,
united by a cap piece, strong braces and girts, and after-
wards driven into the bed of the river, and firmly se-
cured by a single pile on each side, driven obliquely to
a solid bottom. The piers are connected to each other
by large string-pieces, which are covered with 4 inch
plank. The bridge is 42 feet in width, and on each side
is accommodated with a passage 6 feet wide, railed in for
the safety of people on foot. The Bridge has a gradu-
al rise from each end, so as to be two feet higher in the
middle than at the extremities. Forty elegant lamps
are erected at suitable distances, to illuminate it when
necessary. There are four strong stone wharves connec-
ted with three piers each, sunk in various parts of the
river.

The floor of the Bridge at the highest tides, is 4 feet
above the water, which generally rises about 12 or 14
feet. The distance where the longest pier is erected

9i PICTURE OF BOSTON.

from the floor of the Bridge to the bed of the river, is
64£ feet.

The cost of this bridge has been stated at £15.000,
lawful, and the property was divided into 150 shares of
£100 each. Rates of toll, to be double on Lord's days,
were established, by the act of incorporation, which the
proprietors were to enjoy for forty years, paying to the
college at Combridge, an annuity of £200, in considera-
tion of their loss of income from the ferry. This period
was extended to 70 years, and the double toll repealed
when the charter was granted for "West Boston Bridge,
at the expiration of which period the property reverts
to the state.

There had been considerable effort to have the first
bridge carried from West Boston to Cambridge, but the
expediency of making the experiment across the nar-
rower part of the river was so apparent, that the town
of Boston had expressed an opinion almost unanimous
(1833 to 2) in favor of it.

The stock of this corporation has been very produc-
tive : It was stated in 1S26, on good authority, that a
gentleman who was an original proprietor of one share,
which cost £100, had received his principal and the in-
terest upon the original cost, and a surplus of.^TOOO.
The rates of toll for passing the bridge are,

Foi Stage or Hack 1«.

" Chahe or Sulkey 8 pence.

" Teams of any kind diawn hy more than one heast, 6 "

" one horse waggons or carts 4 "

" saddle hoises 2 pence &. 2 thirds-

li hand cart and wheel-hanow 1 penny t 2 thirds

" each foot passenger 2 thuds oJ a penny

BRIDGES. 9o

WEST BOSTON BRIDGE.

Tbis was the second bridge built over Charles River.
It is a conveyance from the west end of Cambridge-st.
to the opposite shore in Cambridge-port. A number of
gentlemen were incorporated for the purpose of erecting
this bridge, March 9, 1792. The causeway was begun
July 15, 1792, and suspended after the 28th of Decem-
ber, till the 20th of March, 1793, when the work was
resumed. The wood work of the bridge was begun
the 8th of April, 1793, and the bridge and causeAvay
opened for passengers the 23d of November following,
being seven months and an half from laying the first
pier. The sides of the causeway are stoned, capstand,
and railed ; on each side of which is a canal about 30
feet wide.

Tiie bridge stands on 130 piers, is
Bridge over the go; e, 14 "
Abutment Boston side,

Causeway,

Distance fiom end of the causeway to >
Cambiidge Meeting-house, 3

Width of the bridge,

Railed on each side for foot passengers.

To the proprietors a toll was granted for 70 years
from the opening of the bridge,* which together with
the causeway, was estimated to have cost about
£23,000, 1. m. The principal undertaker for building
the bridge, was Mr. Whiting.

* This term ha; since been extended tofOyeaisfiom the opening of
Ciaigie's bridge. West Boston to pay the College 200/. annually, and
Crai.ie'- to pay West Boston 100Z. dining their joint existence.

3183 ft

lor

275

87 1-

3341

7810

9G PICTURE OF BOSTON,

BOSTON' SOUTH BRIDGE.

The building- of this bridge grew out of the project
for annexing Dorchester Neck, so called, to Boston, as
a part of the city. In the latter end of 1503, there were
but 10 families on that peninsula, which comprised an
extent of 560 acres of land. Tbese families united with
several citizens of Boston in a petition to the town for
the privilege of being annexed thereto, ' upon the sin-
gle condition that the inhabitants [of B.] will procure a
bridge to be erected between Boston and Dorchester
neck.' On the 31st of January, 1804, after several con-
fused meetings on the subject, the town agreed to the
proposition, on condition c that the place from which and
the terms on which the bridge should be built shall be
left entirely to the Legislature.' Application was made
to the General Court, and measures were in train for
authorising a bridge from South-street to the point.
The inhabitants of the south end of the town, having
opposed this measure in vain thus far in its progress,
formed a plan at this juncture, in which they proposed
to erect a bridge where the present bridge stands, and,
to obviate the objection that such a bridge would not
lessen the distance from the point so much as the South-
street bridge would, they offered to construct a commo-
dious street across the flats from Rainsford's lane to
the head of the proposed bridge. They presented a
petition to the Court to be incorporated for these purpo-
ses upon the presumption that no liberty would be grant-
ed for the erection of any other bridge, to the north-
ward of their bridge, unless at come future period the
increased settlement of this part of the country should
be such, that the public exigencies should require the

BRIDGES. 97

same. This plan and petition met with so favorable a
reception, that the Dorchester point proprietors were
induced to make a compromise with the South-end peti-
tioners, in which it was agreed, that the South-street
bridge should be abandoned, and that the South end
bridge should be transferred to the Dorchester company,
and the proposed street be carried forward by the peti-
tioners. A joint committee made a report on the basis
of this compromise, which was accepted in concurrence
Feb. 23d ; and on the 6th of March, bills were passed
for the three objects, the annexation of Dorchester neck
to Boston, the incorporation of the Proprietors of Boston
South Bridge, and also of the Front-street Corporation
in the town of Boston.

Messrs. William Tudor, Gardiner Green, Jona. Ma-
son, and Harrison Gray Otis, were the proprietors named
in Boston South Bridge act. Seventy years improve-
ment was allowed, from the date of the first opening of
said bridge for passengers, which took place in the sum-
mer of 1S05. On the first of October, it was the scene
of a military display and sham fight. This bridge is
1551 feet in length, and cost the proprietors about 56,000
dollars.

CANAL OR CRAIGIE'S BRIDGE.

This bridge runs from Barton'? Point in Boston to
Lechmere's Point in Cambridge. Irs length is 2796
feet ; its width 40 feet. The persons named in the Act
incorporating this bridge, were John C. Jones, Loammi
Baldwin, Aaron Dexter, Benjamin Weld, Jos. Coolidge,
{r. Benjamin Joy, Gorham Parson?, Jonathan Ingersoll,
John Beach, Abijah Cheever, Win. B. Hutchins, Ste-

9S PICTURE OF BOSTON.

phen Howard and Andrew Craigie. This bridge dif-
fers from those previously built, in being covered with
a layer of gravel on the floor of the bridge. It was first
opened for passengers on Commencement day. August
SO, 1809. This bridge on the Cambridge side is united
to Charlestown by Prison-point bridge, which is 1S21
feet long, and 35 feet broad, having but one side railed
for loot passengers.

WESTERN AVENUE.

This splendid work was projected by Mr. Uriah Cot-
ting, who with others associated, received an act of in-
corporation, June 14, 1814, under the title of ' The Bos-
ton and Roxbury Mill Corporation ;' the stock of which
is divided into 3500 shares of $100 each. It was com-
menced in 1818, under Mr. Cotting?s direction, but he
did not live (o witness its completion. His place was
supplied by Col. Loammi Baldwin, and the road was op-
ened for passengers, July 2, 1821. There was a splen-
did ceremony on the occasion; a cavalcade of citizens
at an early hour entered the city over the dam, and was
welcomed on this side by the inhabitants, who waited to
receive them. This Avenue or Mill Dam leads from
Beacon-street in Boston to Sewall's Point in Brookline,
and is composed of solid materials water-tight, with a
gravelled surface, raised three or four feet above high-
water mark. It is one mile and a half in length, and a
part of the way 100 feet in width. This dam cuts off
and encloses about 601 acres of the southerl}7 part of
the buck of Charles River Bay, over which the tide be-
fore regularly flowed. The water that is now admitted
is rendered subservient and manageable. Very exten-

BRIDGES. 99

sive mill privileges are gained by the aid of a cross dam
running from the principal one to a point of land in Rox-
bury, which divides the Reservoir cr full Basin on the
west, from the empty or running Basin on the east.
There are five pair of flood-gates in the long dam,
grooved in massy piers of hewn stone : each pair moves
hom their opposite pivots towards the centre of the
aperture on a horizontal platform of stone, until they
close in an obtuse angle on a projected line cut on the
platform, from the pivots in the piers to the centre of
the space, with their angular points towards the open
or uninclosed part of the bay, to shut against the flow of
tide and prevent the passage of water into the empty
basin. In this manner all the water is kept out from
this basin, except what is necessary to pass from the
full basin, through the cross dam, to keep the mill works
in operation. The reservoir is kept full by means of
similar flood-gates, opening into the full basin, (when
the rising of the tide gets ascendency over the water in
the reservoir) and fills at every flow, and closes
again on the receding of the tide. In this way, at
every high tide, the reservoir is filled, and a continual
supply of water, to pass through sluice-ways in the cross
dam, sufficient to keep in motion, at all times, at least
100 mills and factories. At low water the flood-gales
of the receiving basin open and discharge the water re-
ceived from the reservoir.

From this Avenue there are excellent roads leading
to Roxbury, Brookline, Brighton and "Watertown, which
are very extensively travelled. Besides the income
from the mill privileges the corporation receives a toll,
which is granted by the act of incorporation, to be per-
petual.

100 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

eosto5 Fnrr bridge.

Within two years after the erection of the Boston
South Bridge, an attempt was made for another to run
from Sea-street to South Boston. Many other attempts
have been made since that time, to establish a bridge
at this place, but they were stronglj' opposed till tbc
passage of an Act March 4, 1826, authorizing the erection
of the present bridge. Tbe committee of the Legisla-
ture, to whom was referred the subject, gave this rea-
son for reporting in favor the bill : ' that if the public
good or public interest required that the proposed
bridge should be constructed, then the prayer of the
petition should be granted : that indemnification should
be made for property taken for the use of the bridge,
but to no greater extent ; that the navigable waters
being public property the legislature had the right
to control the use of them. The committee therefore
considered the only question arising was, whether the
public exigency required this bridge. It appeared that
about 100,000 people, if this bridge were erected,
would be saved a travel of one mile by coming from
the south shore over this bridge, instead of over the
Neck ; that an increasing intercourse would take place
between the centre cf business in the city and South
Boston, and the distance be lessened a half a mile,
which in a dense population was equal to ten or twenty
miles in the country. The only objections to this
bridge arose from persons in Roxbuiy, at the South
End of Boston, and from a part of the proprietors of the
present bridge ; that it did not appear that any others
would be injured, and that these persons would not be
injured to the extent they imagined. It was admitted

BRIDGES. 101

that the navigation might he made a little inconvenient,
hut not so much so as was expected. It appeared that
the present channel might, by individual right, be
narrowed to three hundred feet, which would increase
the current more than the proposed bridge ; that the
present current was about one mile the hour, while
that at Charlestown Bridge was three miles ; that the
increase to the price of wood if the bridge were erect-
ed would be only six cents the cord ; and that with one
or two exceptions all the bridges in the state had
been granted without any indemnity for consequential
damages, other than compensation for property convert-
ed to the use of such bridge. The committee came to
the conclusion that no person ought to claim damages
for an interruption of navigable waters ; that these wa-
ters were held by the legislature in trust for all the citi-
zens, and that no individual had the right to be secured
indemnity for damages arising therefrom, when the pub-
lic accommodation required such interruption.'

This bridge was completed in 1828, by a company of
gentlemen who were proprietors of lands at South Bos-
ton, and by residents of that section, and who transfer-
red it to the city in October.

WARREN BRIDGE.

The subject of erecting a free bridge to lead from
Boston to Charlestown was agitated in 1822. Subscrip-
tions were raised and a petition presented to the Legis-
lature for an act of incorporation, which was opposed
with great skill and perseverance by the friends and
proprietors of Charles River Bridge. The subject be-
fore the Legislature was deferred from one session to

102 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

another till the winter of 1827, when a bill for a free
bridge passed both houses, and only wanted the Gov-
ernors signature to become a law. The Governor re-
turned the bill with a message giving his reasons for not
signing it. The petition was again renewed, but so va-
ried, as to make it a toll bridge. Great principles were
involved in this subject, which the representatives of
the people calmly and deliberately considered before
they decided. The final bill was passed in the House
of Representatives, Feb. 29. — Yeas 152, nays 134 ; in
the Senate, March 9, — Yeas 19, nays 17, and the Gov-
ernor approved the act March 12, 1S2S. The distinc-
tion which was said to have been made by the Governor,
between this bill and the one to which he refused his
sanction the year previous, was that the Legislature
had in the passage of the present act virtually decided,
that the public convenience and necessity, aside from
consideration of tolls, required another avenue over
Charles River, which was not the case with the pre-
vious bill.

The erection of this bridge was commenced early the
following spring, and while in progress, the proprietors
of Charles River Bridge made an application to the Su-
preme Judicial Court on the 2Sth of June, by a bill in
Equity, for an injunction against further proceedings in
the erection of Warren Bridge. The court decided that
the time for hearing should be extended to the 5th of
August, and a special session was held at that time, act-
ing as a Court of Chancery, when Messrs. Shaw, Gor-
ham and Webster, appeared as a council for the appli-
cants, and Messrs. Fletcher and Aylwin for the respon-
dents. After hearing the parties by their counsel, on
the 12th of August, the Court refused to grant the In-
junction.

MEDICAL COLLEGE. 103

This bridge was so far finished by the 25th of Sep-
tember as to admit of persons walking over it. It is a
more complete and elegant structure, than any other
bridge in Boston. It is placed on 75 piers, about 18
feet from each other, and measures 1390 feet long ; is
44 feet wide, allowing 30 feet for the carriage way and
seven feet on each side, which is railed for foot passen-
gers. The floor of the bridge consists of hewn timber,
one foot thick, on which is spread four inches of clay,
then a layer of gravel six inches, over the whole sur-
face, and finished by Macadamizing eight inches thick ;
making the whole thickness of the bridge 30 inches.
This bridge is placed lower than any of the other bridges,
that the timbers might be occasionally wet by the
highest tides, which it is supposed will tend to their
preservation.

The proprietors are granted a toll, the same as the
Charles River Bridge, until they are reimbursed the
money expended, with five per cent interest thereon,
provided that period should not extend beyond the term
of six years from the first opening of the bridge ; at
which time, (or sooner, if the reimbursement, by the
receipts of tolls should permit,) the bridge is to revert to
the state in good repair. By the act of incorporation
the proprietors are required to pay one half the sum al-
lowed Harvard College annually, from the proprietors
of Charles River Bridge.

MEDICAL COLLEGE.

The Medical College, a department of Harvard Uni-
versity, in which the several professors give an annual
course of lectures, commencing the last "Wednesday in

104

PICTURE OF BOSTON.

October, is located in Mason-street, directly back of
Fayette-place. External beauty is not a very promi-
nent cbaracteristic of this edilice ; but its internal con-
veniences and accommodations, are very superior.
There is an Anatomical Theatre, in the centre ; a chym-
ical laboratory under it, and in the south wing, a lecture
room for the professor of theory and practice of physic,
capable of holding 150 students. In the west wing,
upon the first floor, is a convenient consultation room.
There is also an extensive Anatomical Museum, ad-
joining the theatre, and a dissecting room contiguous.

THE MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL

^^ffl^ a H jjjftil B _ 1 lJl|-

Has been pronounced the finest building in the State.
It stands on a small eminence open to the south, east,
and west. It is 168 feet in length and 54 in its greatest
breadth, having a portico of eight Ionick columns in

HOSPITALS. 105

front. It is built of Chelmsford granite, the columns
and their capitals being of the same material. In the
centre of the two principal stories are the rooms of the
officers of the institution. Above these is the operating
theatre which is lighted from the dome. The wings
of the building are divided into wards and sick rooms.
The stair case and floorings of the entries are of stone.
The whole house is supplied with heat by air-flues from
furnaces, and with water by pipes and a forcing pump.
The beautiful hills which surround Boston are seen from
every part of the building, and the grounds on the south
west are washed by the waters of the bay. The prem-
ises have been improved by the planting of ornamental
trees and shrubs, and the extension of the gravel walks
for those patients whose health will admit of exercise in
the open air.

Towards the close of the la>&j£eentury a gentleman
died in Boston, leaving a bequest in his will of $'5000
towards the building of a hospital. This circumstance
was attended with the beneficial effect of awakening
the attention of the public to the subject. Nothing
however, was effected before August, 1S10, when two
physicians living in this town addressed a circular, in
which the advantages of a hospital were stated, to sev-
eral gentlemen of Boston, possessed of ample fortunes
and disposed to contribute to institutions in which the
public good was concerned. In the beginning of 1811
fifty six gentlemen, living in different parts of the com-
monwealth, were incorporated by the name of the Mass.
General Hospital. Their charter allowed the corpora-
tion to hold property to the amount of $30,000 yearly
income. It also granted to the Hospital a fee simple in
the estate of the old Province House, on the condition
that £100.000 should be raised by subscription within

106 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

ten years. Little exertion was made before the autumn
of 1816, when a subscription was commenced that was
attended with uncommon success. In the towns of Bos-
ton, Salem, Plymouth, Charlestown, Hingham and
Chelsea (including a few subscriptions in some other
towns) 1047 individuals subscribed either to the Hospital
or the Asylum for the insane. More than 200 of these
contributed <|100 or more, and several from JS1000 to
5000, and one $20,000. Donations of equal and larger
amounts have since been made, which have increased
the funds of tins institution, for immediate use and per-
manent stock, to a greater sum than any other among
us has realized, excepting the University at Cam-
bridge.

In 1816, the Trustees purchased the estate at Charles-
town, belonging to the late Mr. Barrell, formerly cal-
led Poplar Grove, antftfave there built two brick houses,
besides the requisite out houses, for an Insane Hospital.
In 1817, they purchased four acres in a field at the
wrest end of Boston, called Prince's Pasture, and on the
4th day of July, 1818, the corner stone of the present
Hospital wa3 there laid, in the presence of many per-
sons of great dignity in public life, and of a numerous
assemblage of citizens. The civil, religious and ma-
sonic services were performed with such impressive
pomp as rendered the whole scene truly solemn and in-
teresting. This building was so far completed on the
1st of September, 1821, as to be in a fit condition to re-
ceive patients.

All applications must be made to the Superintencbnt
for the admission of patients to the Hospital, and in all
cases in which the patient is able, he or she should ap-
pear there in person, if able. The application may be
made by a friend, between 8 and 9 o'clock in the morn-

HOSPITALS, 107

ing, on any day except Sunday. The Physicians and
Surgeons will not attend to any applications respecting
the Hospital at their houses, unless in cases really ur-
gent. In cases of accident, in which it may be desira-
ble to carry the patient directly to the Hospital, appli-
cation for a permit may be made to one of the Trustees,
or of the Medical officers. Friends are allowed to visit
patients in the Hospital, on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Fri-
days and Saturdays, from 12 to 1 o'clock.

It seems to be generally understood through tbe coun-
try, that this institution is the most safe as well as the
most economical place of resort in all difficult and dan-
gerous cases, especially such as require operation: one
of the consequences of this general sentiment in regard
to the Hospital, is, that many diseases are presented
there, which are in their nature mraral le — whence it
has followed, that as the rcputa^^ of the Institution
has increased, the number of cnlK reported incurable
or not relieved has also increased. Tim patients under
the daily care of skilful, intelligent, and eminent sur-
geons and physicians, are watched over by faithful and
attentive nurses, and in truth the minor officers and do-
mestics, under the vigilant eye of Mr. and Mrs. Gurney,
(the approved superintendant and matron) continue to
give the sick poor, all the comfort and relief, with all
the chances of restoration, which the kindness of friends,
or the influence of money can command for those fa-
voured with both.

MACLEAN ASYLUM.

This Asylum for the Insane, was opened to receive
boarders, October 1, 1818, under the direction of the
Trustees of the Massachusetts General Hospital, it be-

108 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

ins;; a branch of that Institution. It is situated in
Charlestown, about one mile from Boston, on a delight-
ful eminence, and consists of an elegant house for the
Superintendant, with a wing at each end, handsomely
constructed of brick, for the accommodation of the in-
mates. The name of McLean was given to this Hos-
pital in respect of John McLean, Esq. a liberal bene-
factor of the General Hospital. No private dwelling
can command the attention, comfort, cleanliness, watch-
fulness, warmth without danger, and many wholesome
indulgences, and restraints, which a building construct-
ed for the purpose, and attendants accustomed to the
kind discharge of their trust, can afford.

UNITED STATES MARINE HOSPITAL.

This Hospital is sifl Bd in Chelsea about three miles
from Boston, and wasnuilt in 1827. It is intended for
the temporary relief of sick and disabled seamen ; into
which all mariners who have paid Hospital money are
admitted, except those who are afflicted with conta-
geous or incurable diseases, or insane personsi It is
constructed of grey granite, is elegant and capacious ;
and beautifully situated, commanding a fine view of
Boston harbor.

QUARANTINE HOSPITAL.

This Hospital is situated on Rainsford Island in Bos-
ton Harbor, six miles from the city. This Island has
been the only regular Quarantine ground, since our
first settlement, and its early history, before it became
the property of the Commonwealth is but little known.

HOSPITALS. 109

It is said • that Mr. Rainsford, from whom it derived
its name, purchased it of the Indians, who afterwards
ceded it to the colony of Massachusetts.' The harhor
being more safe for vessels, at Rainsford's than at'any
other island, — it is probable that this circumstance first
induced merchants to fix upon it for that purpose. Be-
fore the Colony had any settled laws, in relation to epi-
demic, or imported malignant diseases, it was customary,
from common consent, to send sickly crews to this isl-
and. It contains about eleven acres and has a high
bank on the north and north east, about 23 feet above
his;h water. All the buildings here together with the
whole island are devoted to quarantine purposes, and
are under the controul of the city government.

There is one large two story dwelling house, which
is a tavern licenced by the authorities, for the accom-
modation of those who arrive fl&fc sea. The Island
Keeper's family reside in it, iMJl ||horthern wing : in
the south wing, between the_£?j|uTy apartments and the
resident physician's office, is a>convenient dining room,
and a well arranged reading room, which, by the liber-
ality of the editors and publisher? of papers in the citj',
is furnished during the Quarantine months, with all the
principal newspapers in the United States. In the phy-
sician's office, are kept the records of the island, the
arrivals and Quarantine of vessels, and the medicines
for the Hospital. All the second story is divided into
sleeping rooms. To the east of the dwelling house
stands the Small Pox Hospital recently put in excellent
order, which though small, will accommodate a large
number of patients. The Fever Hospital is elevated,
and at a distance, has an air of elegance. It is a long
one story building, with wide jutting eves, four feet in
width, projecting; over the doors. A plank walk of the
10

110 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

same width, on a level with the thresh-hold, affords a

delightful promenade for convalescent patients, secure
from the sun and rain. Each room is furnished with
two, low, single beds, suitable crockery, linen, &c. so
that it does away the necessity of carrying articles from
one apartment to another. This building faces the west,
the window's of which have green blinds. In front, is
a fence, 10 feet high, 200 feet in length, to prevent the
inmates of the hospital from seeing the burying yard,
at the west. Facing the south, is what is denominated
the old hospital, — having at the east end. a two story
nurse house, in which all the cooking is usually done,
when the wards are so full that it is inconvenient to
carry food from the family residence at the other side
of the island. All the furniture oi' the hospital, which
is of good, but plain materials, is owned and replenish-
< •!. from time to lii/i^ishv the city. On a level point of
land, at the southern^Rtremity of the island, and to the
south west of the hospital, are two large store houses,
in which goods are secured, when landed. They are
not very well made, though they answer the purpose.

Besides the buildings already enumerated, belonging
to the establishment, there is a large workshop, for re-
pairing boats and their rigging, a boat house, to secure
the small boats in winter ; a smoke house, to fumigate
infected clothing, or weaving apparel of persons who
have died at sea; a barn and other necessary out houses.

The Quarantine laws of Massachusetts, as enforced
in this port, are as nearly perfect as could be expected :
the general opinion of experienced navigators gives the
preference to our system and ordinances, over all others.
Besides this flattering encomium, on the wisdom of our
legislature, and the municipal authorities of the city,
who have endeavored to raise an impassable barrier to

HOSPITALS. Ill

foreign contagion, we are sincerely thankful for the se-
curity we enjoy from foreign pestilence, by means of
these excellent regulations of health.

The officers, to whom is given the particular man-
agement of the Quarantine on Rainsford Island, are,
first, the Resident Physician, chosen by the concurrent
vote of both branches of the city council, who has a
salary of one thousand dollars a year. From the loth
of June, till the 15th of September, he is obliged to re-
side permanently on the Island. An island keeper,
with a salary of $:350 from the city, and $40 dollars and
10 cords of wood, yearly from the Commonwealth,
takes charge of all property which is landed. He is
also chosen by the City Council, annually. During the
particular Quarantine months, the police of the island,
is entirely vested in the Resident Physician, who de-
tains vessels no longer than is necessary for ventilation :
and discharges them whenever, nrhis best judgment, he
believes they can proceed to the city without danger to
the inhabitants. A red flag is hoisted on an eminence,
and all the inward bound pilots are instructed to bring
all vessels, coming from ports, within the tropics, into
the Quarantine roads, for the physician's examination
and passport. When a vessel arrives, the physician
and island keeper go onboard — giving the master a red
fia«- to hoist at the main-mast ; after a careful inspec-
tion of ciew and cargo, the health ordinances are left
v>ith the captain, for the instruction of himself and crew.

Till 1824, the Quarantine months were from May to
October; since that period the time is fixed from the
15th of June till the loth of September, though vessels,
having contagious diseases on board, are obliged to go
into Quarantine at all seasons, and the physician is
also obliged to attend at the hospital.

112 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

A daily journal is kept of all occurrences on the isl-
and, and the names of persons who have permits to
land, from the city clerk, are carefully recorded. Dr.
J. V. C. Smith has been the Quarantine Physician since
1826.

TRADE AND COMMERCE.

The merchants of Boston have been particularly dis-
tinguished for their commercial enterprize ; and this
gave an early importance to the place. At this time,
however, there seems to be a decided predilection for
manufactures, which require a large portion of that im-
mense capital which was formerly exerting its influ-
ence on navigation. There is no doubt that as much
trade and commerce is carried on by our citizens as is
safe and consistent with a steady and sure progress to
prosperity. After all^the croakings of the discontented,
and the frightful prognostications of the unfortunate, it
is believed to be susceptible of proof, that as much bu-
siness is done in Boston, in proportion to its number of
inhabitants, as in any other city in the union.

WHARVES.

Nearly the whole peninsula of Boston is bounded by
wharves and piers, which are near 200 in number, and
many of them very extensive, being nearly three fur-
longs in length. Those are provided with spacious
stores and warehouses, with every convenience for the
safe mooring and security of vessels.

LONG WHARF

Is the oldest and longest wharf in Boston. The stores
are extensive and are built of brick. Near the centre
of this wharf on the south side: is an excellent well of

WHARVES. 113

fresh water, which affords a great convenience for the
supply of vessels.

I>"DIA WHARF.

The building of this wharf was commenced in 1805,
while the improvements in Broad-street were making.
India-street, extending from India Wharf to the head of
Long Wharf, was the next improvement, and was fin-
ished 1809.

CENTRAL WHARF

AYas completed in the year 1816. It extends into the
harbor, from India-street about midway between Long
and India wharves, and is 1240 feet in length, and 150
in width. There are 54 stores on this wharf, four stories
high. There is a spacious hall in the centre, over which
is erected an elegant observatory^' The stores are fifty
feet in width, and stand in the middle of the wharf, so
that there is, on either side, the best of accommodation
for the landing and delivery oi merchandize. It has
been remarked, that for extent, convenience, and ele-
gance combined, Central-wharf is not exceeded by any
in the commercial world.

THE MARINE TrXEGRAl'H.
Central Whaif.

The present state of this interesting science in our
country is yet in its infancy. Desirous of showing the
importance it is to our prosperity, if carried to the ex-
tent of which it is susceptible, we cannot but remark
with surprize how few persons have turned their at-
10*

114 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

lention to its utility ; and to this circumstance we may
impute the slow progress it lias obtained.

To a great commercial country, having such an ex-
tent of coast as the United States of America, in contin-
ual intercourse not only with each other, but with the
whole commercial world, nothing can be more impor-
tant and worthy of regard than the means of facilitating
that intercourse, and promoting the safety and comfort
of those who are engaged in carrying it on.

To enable vessels to communicate intelligence to
each other with ease when they are at sea, and to the
shore when they are approaching it, and to announce
their arrival in our Bay, are objects of primary impor-
tance. The marine telegraphic flags are six in number,
arranged in the following order : Nos. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. G.
In addition to these six, there is a single flag, fe%
called the Conversation flag, which is used for no !""""
other purpose than to express a desire to make a com-
munication from one vessel to another. They are to be
of no other color than Blue and White, and they will,
when hoisted singly, or in combination, express words
and sentences; and are capable of 9830 changes, as con-
tained in a numerical telegraphic Dictionary, combin-
ing great comprehension, power and despatch, being
applicable to naval, political and civil purposes. The
many advantages derived from this mode of communi-
nation, must be obvious to all who will give it their at-
tention. It is instrumental to the introduction of a uni-
versal language for conversation on the ocean, and it is
not merely in a mercantile but a national point of view,
that the Marine Telegraph should be regarded.

Upon the foregoing system, the Telegraph establish-
ment at the Observatory on Central Wharf, is founded ;
and it is said by those who are capable of judging, that

MARINE RAILWAY. 115

it is under better regulations and more extensively used
than any other in the United States. Its operations ex-
tend down the harbor to Long Island (the repeating
station) thence to the Light House at the entrance of
the outer harbor, and from thence to the Pilot boats in
the Bay, a distance of 15 miles. Communications are
made to and from the several stations with great celer-
ity. The name of a vessel, her passage and the port
from whence she came, are known in five minutes.
Patrons to this establishment expecting vessels from
foreign Ports, are furnished with designating numbers,
which are displayed at the Observatory as soon as they
make their appearance in the bay. Sets of flags, at a
trifling expense, with a designating number and a sig-
nal Book are supplied to vessels, whose names and
numbers are transmitted to the respective agents in the
several sea-ports throughout the union, and by them
inserted in all the signal books extant, consequently
when two vessels are in sight of each other at sea they
can report themselves by displaying their designating
numbers.

The above establishment was put in operation in 1323.
its utility is very manifest, and the active^e'nterprising
conductor is truly deserving of general patronage.

TUE MARINE RAILWAYS

Built near the North Battery Wharf, has been in suc-
cessful operation since November 22, 1326, affording
facilities for the repairs of large vessels ; and from
which those interested in navigation experience consid-
erable saving and accommodation. To give some idea

116 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

of the despatch here afforded, it is only necessary to
.state the fact, that the ship Arabella of 404 tons register,
was drawn on the ways in February, 1827, and copper-
ed in sixteen working: hours.

ISLANDS IN BOSTON* HARBOR.

The islands in Boston harbor are delightful resorts for
citizens and strangers during the hot summer weather.
If there are natural beauties — romantic elevations,
or silent and wild retreats, in the vicinity of Boston,
worth the poet's and philosopher's attention, the}- are in
the harbor; but to be admired they must be seen.
These islands are gradually wearing away, and where
large herds of cattle were pastured. 60 years ago, the
ocean now rolls its angry billows, and lashes with an
overwhelming surge the last remains of earth. From
the appearance which the islands present at this period,
these were once round, or in other word-, were nearly
circular at the base, and rose above the water like a
dome ; but the northern blasts, in connexion with the
terrible force of the tides accompanying such storms,
have completely washed away every one of them upon
the north side, in such a manner that they actually ap-
pear like half an island, — having had a vertical section,
and hence there is a perpendicular bank facing the
north, while the south and west gradually slope to the
edge. To the east, the tide has made some destruction,
but it bears no proportion to the north. This peculiari-
ty is observable in all the islands which have soil. To-
wards the outer light house, the islands are almost bar-
ren ledges of rocks, — having been washed of the earth,
from time immemorial. It is on the north eastern sides,

ISLANDS. 117

that the most danger is to be apprehended. Thompson's
Island, lying between the Castle and Moon Head, is
secured by natural barriers, as the former receives and re-
sists the force of the tide before it reaches Thompson's ;
but Long Island, although defended in a measure by
Rainsford, Gallop, George's, and Lovel's Islands, has
lost considerable soil. Spectacle Island, so called from
its supposed resemblance to a pair of spectacles, is sift-
ing away by slow degrees, and nothing will prevent it.

GEORGE'S ISLAND.

This Island is the hey to the harbor, — commanding
the open sea, affording one of the best places for fortifi-
cations of any among the number. There is an eleva-
tion on the east and northeast, nearly 50 feet above high
water mark, in some places, with an easy ascent to-
wards the south and southwest to the channel. This is
the property of the United States. Fifty thousand dol-
lars have already been appropriated by Government for
building a sea wall on the northeast. A trench was
dug at the foot, below the low water mark, in which
the foundation has been laid. This was made of split
stone, of great weight, and bolted together with copper.
We have never seen any masonry that would compare
with it, in point of strength and workmanship. On this,
a second wall is to be erected, equally formidable, on
which the artillery is to be mounted. Under the su-
perintendence of Capt. Smith, whose good judgment
has been exercisertMn the beginning, we may expect to
see a fort in the outer harbor that will bid defiance to
all the ships of war that ever sailed.

118 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

CASTLE ISLAND,

On -which stands Fort Independence, was selected as
the most suitable place for a fortress for the defence of
the harbor, as early as 1633. It was built at first with
mud Avails, which soon fell to decay, and was after-
wards rebuilt with pine trees and earth. In a short
time, this also become useless, and a small castle was
built with brick walls, and had three rooms in it ; a
dwelling room, a lodging room over it, and a gun room
over that. The erection of this castle gave rise to the
present name of the island.

GOVERNOR'S ISLAND,

Lies about one mile north of Castle Island, and was
first called Conant's Island. It was demised to Gov.
Winthrop in 1632, and for many years after, was called
the Governor's garden. It is now in the possession of
James Winthrop, Esq. a descendant of the first Governor,
excepting a part conveyed by him to the United States,
for the purpose of constructing a fortress now called
Fort Warren. Its situation is very commanding, and in
some respects superior to Castle Island.

DEER ISLAND

Is a delightful island, and is owned and leased by the
city. It is a place of great resort in the summer season,
for parties of pleasure. Here is a large and convenient
house, with a spacious ball room and other convenien-
ces, for the accommodation of visitors.

ISLANDS. 119

LIGHT-HOUSE ISLAND,

Was known for many year? by the name of Beacon
Island. Tlie first light house was erected in 1715.
Pilots are established at this place, provided with excel-
lent boats, and a piece of artillery to answer signal
guns.

NODDLE'S ISLAND

Was first occupied by Samuel Maverick. He was
on it when the settlement of Boston commenced. He
built a fort, in which he mounted four cannon, and af-
terwards had a grant of it from the General Court. In
1314, a strong fortress was built on this island by the
citizens, and called fort Strong, in honor of the Gov-
ernor.

POINT SHIRLEY

Formerly had the name of Pulling Point. The name
which ic now bears, was given it by the proprietors, as
a mark of respect to the late Gov. Shirley.

NIX'S MATE

Is an irregular, barren and rocky base of an Island,
between Gallop and Long Island head, almost entirely
concealed at high water. There is a beacon, of split
stone in the centre, nearly 4<) feet square, fastened to-
gether by copper bolts, which perfectly secures it from
the tremendous force of the waves, in times of north-

120 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

easterly gales. To speak more definitely, the shape is
a parallelogram, the sides heing 12 feet high, and as-
cended by stone steps on the south side. On the top of
this, is a six sided pyramid of wood, 20 feet high, with
one window to the south. This is the conspicuous part
of the beacon, and serves as a prominent warning to
seamen, to keep from the dangerous shoal on which it
stands. At low tide, more than an acre of land is visi-
ble, and at high tide, only small boats can sail to the
monument. A very aged gentleman states, that he
can remember when Nix's Mate was a verdant island,
on which a large number of sheep were pastured. For-
ty years ago, although the soil is now completely gone,
there was pasturage for 50 head of sheep, entirely
above high water mark.

Tradition says, that the master of a vessel whose
name was Nix, was murdered by his mate, and buried
on this island, some century and a half ago. The mate
was executed for the horrid crime, but declared he was
innocent of the murder, and prophesied that the island,
as an evidence of his innocence, would be entirely
washed away. He was executed nearly on the spot
where the pyramid is erected. The total disappearance
of the land, above water, has led many to believe the
truth of his assertion — that he was unjustly put to death.
The circumstance -was handed down from one genera-
tion to another, till the erection of the beacon, when by
general consent, among seamen, it took the name of
Nix's Mate. It was the custom about a century ago to
hang pirates in chains on this Island, to strike a terror
to sailors as they came into port, that the influence
might deter them from the commission of such wick-
edness.

CHURCHES. 121

BOSTON CHURCHES.

The towering domes and lofty spires, which mark the
numerous temples dedicated to public worship, consti-
tute a pleasing variety in the view of the city, whether
it is approached bj- land or water. They have been the
scenes of many interesting events, and with their history
are blended many tender associations and animating re-
collections. "When religion shall become the glory of
all lands, 'the glory of the children' of Boston, shall be
' their fathers.'

Our capital has not indeed been unmindful of the ad-
vantages which she has in this respect possessed ; nor
of her correspondent obligations. It would be difficult
to point to any section of Christendom, where the min-
isters of the gospel have been uniformly treated with
greater attention, respect and affection. So notorious is
the truth of this remark, that Boston has long been pro-
verbially characterized as The Paradise of Clergymen.
May this continue to be her glory : and may she bring
forth in more and more copious harvests, the best fruits
of religious institutions, inherited from our fathers, nur-
tured with pious care, and blessed with the smiles of a
benignant Providence !

FIRST CHURCH CHAU>"CY PLACE.

Constituted July SO, 1030.

Minxsttrs.

Settlement.

Exit.

A^e.

1 John Wilson,

August 27,1630

August 7, 1667

2 John Cotton,

Oct 10, 1633

Dec 15,1652

S John Noi ton,

July 23, 1656

Apiil 5, 1663

4 John Davenpoif,

Dec. 9, 16G8

MavcL 12, 1670

122 PICTURE OF BOSTON

Ministers.

Settlement,

Exit.

Age.

5 James Allen,

Bee. 9, 1663

Sept. 22, 1710

G John Oxenbiidge,

April 10, 1671

Dec. 28, 1674

7 Josliua Moody,

May 3, 1684

J 692

—r

8 John Bailey,

July 7, 1693

Dec, 12, 1697

9 Benja. Wadsworth,

Sept. 8, 1696

June 16, 1725*

10 Thomas Biidge,

May 10, 1705

Sept 26, 1715

11 Thomas Foxcroft,

Nov. 20,1717

June 16, 1769

12 Ch. Chauncy,D. D.

Oct. 25, 1727

Feb. 10, 1787

13 John Clarke, D. D.

July 8, 1778

April 1, 1793

14 Wm. Emerson,

Oct. 16,1799

May 12, 1811

15 John L. Abbott,

July 14, 1313

Oct. 17, 1814

1G N. L. Frothinchain, March 15, 1815

The house now occupedby this Church, in Chauney
Place, is their fourth place of worship. The first, which
was built in 1632, stood on the south side of State-street,
probably on the spot occupied by the Deuces' building
so called, on the corner of Devonshire-street. That
was sold 1640, and a new house erected on the plat
which is now covered by the block of buildings, called
Cornhill-square. This house was burnt in the Great
Fire, Oct. 2, 1711. The next was a large brick edifice,
erected on the same spot, which being the first regular
church built of brick obtained in time the name of the
Old Brick. It remained, a monument of the faithful
labor of former generations, until the year 1S0S, the
last service in it having been performed on the 17th,
and the first in the present house, on the 21st of July,
in that year.

The Church in Chauncy-place is so called, from the
circumstance of its being built on a piece of ground
once cultivated as a garden by the celebrated Dr.

* Dismissed to become President of Harvard Collegt : died Maich
12, 1737, JEt. 68.

CHURCHES. 123

Chauncy, formerly a pastor of the society. The build-
ing is of brick. 70 by 75 feet, and is finished in an ele-
gant style. It has a basement story which is occupied
for school rooms, vestry, &c. Over the front door is a
marble tablet with inscriptions relative to the history of
the church. The present sentiments of the first church
are Unitarian.

SECOND CHURCH.

Old Ncrth and Neva Brick Churches united.

Old North constituted, June 5, 1650. — New Brick constituted,
May 23. 1722.— United June 27, 1779.

Ministers of Old North. Settlement. Exit. Ay.

1 John Mayo, Nov. 9, 1655 April 15, 1673

2 Incr. Mather, D D. May 27, 1664 Aug. 23, 1723 to
S Cotton Mather. D.D. Mar 13, 1684 Feb. 13, 1723 65

4 Joshua Gee, Dec. 18, 1723 May 22, 1748 50

5 6aml.3Iath«r, D. D. June 21. 1732 Oct. 23, 1741 —

6 Sam!. Checkley,jr. Sept. 3, 17 17 March 19, 1768 44

7 John Lathrop, D. D. May 18, 1768 Jan. 4, 1816 77

New Brick

8 William "Waldron, May 23, 1722 Sept. 20, 1727 51

9 William Welsteed, March 27, 1723 Sept. 29, 1753 58
iO Ellis Gray, Sept. 27, 1733 Jan. 17, 1753 S7

11 EbenV. Pemberton, Match 6, 1754 Sept. 15, 1777 72

12 Henry Ware, jr. Jan. 1, 1817

* When tlie age is given or left blank in this column, it will be un-
derstood that the minister died in office : when a dash is used, that he
withdrew.

Previously to Mr. Mayo's induction, public services had been main-
tained by Mr. Michael Powel, whom the church would have settled as
their pastor, if the civil magistrates would have consented. Mr. Mayo
withdrew in consequence of his age and infirmities, and temoved (o
Yarmouth, wlieie he died, May , 1676.

Dr. Mather was dismissed to form another church. Tie died June
27, 1785, JEt 79.

124 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

The Old North was located at the head of the North
Square. The first building, erected in 1649, was de-
stroyed by fire, Nov. 27, 1676. It was rebuilt of wood
the next year, and then stood for a century, till it was
pulled down by order of Gen. Howe, for fuel for the
refugees and tories, Jan. 16, 1776. The lot of land af-
terwards became the property of Rev. Dr. Lathrop,
who built upon it the house now occupied by Mr. Dick-
inson.

The ~New Crick is the oldest Meeting-house in the
city. It was dedicated May 10, 1721. The interior
has recently been altered so as to assume more of a
modern style, and has a very neat appearance. It
stands on Hanover-street on a rising around, near the
corner of Richmond-street. The founders of this
branch of the Soeie'ty which was the seventh congre-
gational, originally seceded from the fifth, or New
North. Present sentiments of the church, Unitarian.

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.

Constituted May 23, 1665.

Age.

Ministers,

Settlement.

Exit.

1 Thomas Gould,

1665

Oct. 1675

2 John Miles,

3 John Russell,

July 28, 1679

Dec. 24, 1680

4 Isaac Hull,

5 John Emblin,

16C4

Dec. 9, 1702

6 Ellis Callender,

1708

1728 ?

7 Elisha Callender,

May 21, 1718

March 31, 1738

8 Jeie. Condy,

Feb 11, 1739

August, 1764

9 Saml. Slilluian,D.D.

Jan. 9, 1765

Maich 12, 1S07

10 Joseph Clay,

Aug. 19, 1807

Oct. 27. 1809

11 James M. Winchell,

March 13,1814

Feb. 22. 1S20

12 Fia. Wayland,D.D.

Aug. 22, 1821

Sept. 10, 1825

13 Cyrus P. Giosvenor,

Jan. 24, 1827

70
28

J)rawn and Enararttl ujt Bourns JL/ure ot'Jiestori.

CHURCHES. 125

The history of this church is most intimately connec-
ted with that of the progress of religious liberty in
Massachusetts. When the little band first united, they
were compelled to seek shelter in by-places for their
worshipping assemblies. Sometimes they met at Nod-
dle's Island — they gathered themselves together at
Charlestown, and when they finally built a house in
Boston, in 1678, they were obliged to do it clandestinely,
as if for some other object — and after they had dared to
meet in it, the doors were closed by the hand of the
magistrate. Perseverimr. however, to maintain what
thev asserted to be their rights, thev sraduallv felt the
hand of power to lay less heavily upon them, and in
171S, when Mr. Elisha Callender was ordained, some of
the most eminent pedobaptist ministers took part in the
public services. From that time downward, the spirit
of persecution has been banished from. Boston.

Their first house was located on the lot upon Salem
and Stillman-streets, and close by the water of the Mill
Pond. It served the church till 1771, when they erec-
ted a new one, of wood, 57 ft. by 53, on the same spot.
It was dedicated, Dec. 22, 1771 ; in 1791, it was enlar-
ged by an addition of 24 feet to the west end, which
was carried out over the water. In 1S2S, the Society
has concluded to remove from the ancient spot, and will
occupy the new brick edifice erected at the corner of
Union and Hanover-streets.

The records do not enable us to supply the dates
which are left blank. Rev. Mr. Condy after his re-
signation resided in Boston, as bookseller, till his death,
Aug. 28, 1768, JEt 59. Rev. Mr. Clay died in Boston
on the 11th of Januaiy, lSll,inthe 47th j-earof his age.
Rev. Dr. Wayland is now President of Browrn Univer-
sity. The sentiments of this church are calvinistic.
II*

123 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

OLD SOUTH CHURCH.
Const i. May 12, 1669.

ministers. Settlement. Exit. Jge

1 Thomas Thachcr, Feb. 16, 1G70 Oct. 15, 1678 55

2 Samuel Willaid, April 10, 1678 Sep!. 12, 1707 66
S Eben'r. Pembeiton, Aug. 23,1700 Feb. q3, 1717 45

4 Jos. Sewall, D.D. Sept. 16, 1713 Jnne 27, 1769 CO

5 Thomas Prince, Oct. I, 1710 Oct. 22, 1753 72

6 Alexaud. dimming, Feb. 25, 1761 Aug. 25, 17C3 S7

7 Samuc-I El-iir, D.D. Nov. 19, 1766 Oct. 10, 17C9* —
6 John Bacon, Sept. 25, 1771 Feb. 8, 1775* —
9 John Hunt, Sept. 25, 1771 Dec. 20. 1775 SI

10 Jose. Eckley, D.D. Oct. 27, 1779 April 20, 1811 61

11 Joshua Huntington, May 18, 1808 Sept. 11,1819 S4

12 B. B.Wisnei,D.D. Feb. 21, 1821.

It is somewhat remarkable that the Old South as well
as the First and the first Baptist Churches were all or-
ganized, at their outset, in Charlestown. Although the
founders of the Old South were congregationalists, there
was sufficient informality in their gathering, to cause a
public proclamation against them when the.}' undertook
to set up their house. No decisive measures were ta-
ken to prevent them, and they therefore went forward
with their building. It was of wood, on the spot now
occupied by the Society, at the corner of Milk and
Washington-streets. That house was taken down,
March 3, 1729, and on April 26, 1730, the new house,
which is the present building, was opened for public
worship. The inside of it was entirely destroj-ed by
the British dragoons, who took possession of it, Oct. 27,

* Rev. Mr. Bacon died, Nov. , 1820, iEt. 83. Rev. Dr. Blair re-
tired to Pennsylvania.

CHURCHES. 127

1775, for the purpose of a riding school. After the
siege was raised, the Old South people improved the
Stone Chapel till their house was put into repair. It is
probably the most capacious house in the city, and is
the one selected for the celebration of religious services
on the anniversary of the General Election and Inde-
pendence.

Sentiments of Old South Church. Calvinistic.

king's chapel.

Episcopal Society formed. June 15, 1686.

Ministers.

Settlement.

Exit.

1 Jlobcil Ralclifle,

1686

2 Robert Claike,

16£6

3 Sam'l. Myles,

June 29, 1689

March 1, 1728

4 GeoigeHatton,

1693

July, 169G

5 Christophei Bridge,

March 5, 1699

Oct. 1, 1706

6 Henrv Hairii.

April, 1709

Oct. 6, 1729

7 Rogei Trice,

June 25, 1729

Nov. 21, 1746

8 Tho5. Harward,

April, 1731

April 15, 1736

9 Adding!. Davenport,

Apiil 15, 1737

May 8, 1740

10 Stephen Roe,

1741

1744

11 Henry Canei, D.D.

April 11, 1747

March 17, 1776

12 Charles Biockwell,

1747

Aug. 20, 1755

13 John Troulbeck,

1755

Novembei, 1755

After the revolution, the remaining proprietors of the
Chapel adopted a Unitarian Liturgy, which they con-
tinue to use, while they retain also some of the forms of
the Church of England. They have had three Rec-
tors, namely,

14 James Freeman, D.D. Oct. 20, 1782

15 Samuel Cary, Jan. 1, 1809 Oct. 22, 1815 50

16 Fr. W. P. Greenvrooil, Aug. 29, 1824

12S PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Rev. Dr." Freeman is the oldest surviving clergyman
in] the city. He commenced Reader on the day above
named and received ordination as Rector, Nov. 18,
1787. The first Chapel, founded in 16S8, was a wood-
en building:, of much smaller dimensions than the pre-
sent, which was opened for divine service, Aug. 21,
1754.

The exterior of this edifice is extremely plain, being
entirely of unhammered stone. The tower is support-
ed by a colonnade of large wooden pillars, and the
whole presents the appearance of massy grandeur suit-
ed to distinguish in former days the place of worship
for the public functionaries. In the interior, the Gov-
ernor's pew is still distinguished above the rest. The
style of architecture is of the Corinthian order. There
are several monumental marbles, which add to the in-
terest with which the church is visited. It is now the
onljr house in which the old fashion of square pews is
retained.

QUAKERS' MEETING.

From the year 1664 to 1808, the society of Friends
held regular meetings in Boston. They built the first
brick meeting-house in the town, in Brattle street, and
another of similar materials, in Congress street. The
former was sold in 1708, the latter was erected prior to
1717, and stood till April, 1825, when the building was
sold and demolished. Connected with this house was a
burial ground, in which the dead of the society were
interred. Their remains were removed to Lynn in the
summer of 1826. The land was sold in 1827 ; it lies
unoccupied at present, and is the only remaining ves-
tige of a once flourishing society. Even less than that
remains of the French Protestant church.

CHURCHES. 129

FRENCH PROTESTANT CHURCH

which originated here in 16S6 ; "built a brick church in
School street, on land adjoining the Universal meeting-
house on the east; had two pastors — Rev. Paul Daille,
who died May 20, 1715, set 66, and Rev. Andrew Le
Mercier. The society was discontinued in 1T4S, and
sold their house to a new congregation. Mr. LeMer-
cier lived till March 31. 1764, and attained to the 72d
year of his age.

BRATTLE STREET CHURCH.
Constituted Dec. 12, 1693.

Ministers.

Settlement.

Exit.

Age

1 Benjamin Cclman, D.D.

Aug. 4, 1699

Aug. 29. 1747

2 William Cooper,

May 23, 171G

Dec. 13, 1743

S Samuel Cooper, D.D.

May 22, 1746

Dec. 20, 1783

4 Peter Thncher, D.D.

Jan. 12, 1785

Dec. 16, 1802

5 J. S. Buckminster,

Jan. 30, 1G05

June 9,1812

6 Edward Evei ett,

Feb. 9, 1814

March 5, 1815

7 John G. Palfiey,

June 17, 1818.

This society originated in a desire, on the part of its
founders, to extend the privilege of voting in the choice
of a minister to every baptized adult, who contributed
to the maintenance of worship, instead of limiting it, as
it had hitherto been in other churches, to the commu-
nicants alone. They adopted some other customs, at
variance with general'usage, and published a manifesto
or declaration of their principles and designs, which
gained them the name of the mamfesto church. Their
'pleasant new-built church' was erected onBrattle's close,
and opened for worship Dec. 24, 1699. It was a wooden

130 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

building, with window frames of iron. It was taken
down in May, and the corner stone of the present build-
ing laid in June, 1772, and the house opened July 25,
1773.

Governors Hancock and Bowdoin were liberal bene-
factors of this society. The name of the former was in-
scribed on one of the rustic quoins at the south-west
corner of the building. The British soldiery defaced it,
and the stone remains in the condition in which they
left it. A similar inscription, unmutilated, appears on
one of the rustic quoins at the south-west corner of the
tower ; and on one in the north-west corner, the name
of Dr John Greenleaf appears, who, with Gov Bowdoin,
advanced the money for refitting the church, it having
been improved as a barrack, during the seige. A shot,
which was sent from the American army, at Cambridge,
struck the tower on the night preceding the evacuation
of the town. It was picked up and preserved, and is
now fastened in the spot where it struck. Gen. Gage's
head quarters were in the house opposite.

Brattle-street church adopts the Unitarian senti-
ments.

NEW NORTH CHURCH*

Consli. May 5, 171-SL

Minis ten.

Settlement*

Exih

Jge.

1 John Webb,

Oct. 20, 1714

April 1G, 1750

2 Peter Thacher,

Jan. 28, 1720

Feb. 26, 1739

3 Andrew Eliot, D.D

April 14. 1742

Sept. 13, 1773

4 John Eliot, D.D.

Nov, 3, 1779

Feb. 14, 1813

5 Francis Parkman,

Dec, 8, 1813,

The project of forming a new society at the north
part of the town originated with seventeen substantial
mechanics, in the winter of 1712. By the 5th of May,

CHURCHES. 131

1714, they had erected a convenient meeting house on
the lot at the corner of Clark and Hanover-streets,
where their present place of worship stands. This last
was dedicated May 2, 1S04. It is the second (the Ro-
man Catholic being the first) of the modern built
churches. Its exterior is in a bold and commanding style.
The front is decorated with stone pilasters of a compos ■
ite order ; a series of attic pilasters over them ; a tow-
er and cupola, terminated with a handsome vane, above
100 feet from the foundation. The inside is a square of
72 feet : two ranges of Doric columns under the gal-
leries and Corinthian above them, support the ceiling,
which rises in an arch of moderate elevation in the cen-
tre : the whole well adapted for sight and sound.

This church is considered to be Unitarian in senti-
ment.

NEW SOUTH CHURCH.
Consti. Apiil 15.1719.

Ministers.

Settlement.

Exit.

Age.

1 Samuel Cheekley,

April 15, 1719,

Dec. 1, 1769

2 PenuelBowen,*

April 28, 1766

May 12,1772

—

3 Joseph Howe,

May J 9, 1773

Aug. 25, 1775

4 Oliver Everett,

Jan. 2, 1782

May 26, 1792

—

5 J. T.Kirkland, D.D.

Feb. 5, 1794

Nov. 1810

—

6 Samuel C. Thacher,

15 May, 1811

2 Jin. 1818

7 F. W. P. Greenwood,

Oct. 21, 1818

Dec. 1820

—

8 Alexander Young,

Jan. 19, 1825

The first meeting on the subject of forming this So-
ciety was held in 1715, at the Bull Tavern, then a pub-
lic house of note, and now remaining, one of the last

* Rev. President Kirkhnd, and Messrs. Bowen, Everett &. Green-
wood resigned.

132 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

relics of ancient architecture, at the bottom of Sum-
mer-street. The place they selected for their meeting-
house was the lot on the angle between Summer and
Bedford-streets. It seems to have been a town lot
which our forefathers intended for that purpose, from
their having given it the name of Church Green. The
town granted it to the subscribers for erecting the
house, which they finished and dedicated, Jan. 8, 1717.

The present church occupies the same spot : it was
dedicated, Dec. 29, 1814. It was built of the best
Chelmsford Granite and of the following dimensions. —
The bod\r of the building is octagonal, formed in a
square of seventy-six feet diameter, four sides being
forty -seven feet, and four smaller sides twenty feet each,
three large windows are in two of the principal sides,
and one in each of the angles, and in the rear. The
height is thirty-four feet, and finished with a Doric
cornice of bold projection. The porch is of equal ex-
tent with one of the sides, and is projected sixteen feet
in front of which is a portico of four fluted columns of
Grecian Doric : this portico is crowned with a pedi-
ment, surmounted by a plain attic.

A tower rises from the centre of the attic, which in-
cludes the belfry. The first story of the steeple is an
octagon, surrounded by eight columns and a circular
pedestal and entablature ; an attic, above this, gradual-
ly diminishing by three steps or gradins, supports a sec-
ond range of Corinthian columns, with an entablature
and balustrade ; from this, the ascent in a gradual dim-
inution, forms the base of the spire, which is crowned
with a ball and vane. The entire height is one hun-
dred and ninety feet.

Inside the house, the ceiling is supported by four
Ionic columns connected above their entablature by

CHURCHES. 133

four arches of moderate elevation ; in the angles, pen-
dants, or fans rising from a circular horizontal ceiling,
decorated with a centre flower. Between the arches
and walls are grains springing from the cornice, sup-
ported by Ionic pilasters between the windows. The
galleries rest upon small columns, and aTe finished in
the front with balustrades. The pulpit is richly built
of mahogany, supported by Ionic and Corinthian col-
umns. The floor of the house contains one hundred
and eighteen pews, and the galleries thirty-two, be-
sides the organ loft, and seats for the orphan children of
the Female Asylum.

In constructing this house, an attempt has been made
to unite the massive simplicity of the Grecian temple
with the conveniences of the christian church. The
bold proportions of the portico, cornices and windows,
and the simplicity of the attic, give the impression of
classical antiquity ; while the tower and steeple are in-
ventions, comparatively, of a modern date. It is the
first in which the modern style of long windows was
introduced.

The Unitarian sentiments are maintained by this
church.

CHRIST CHURCH.
Episcopal Society formed, Sept. 5, 1722.

Ministers. Settlement. Exit. -Age.

1 Timothy Cutler, D.D. Dec. 29, 1793 Aug. 17, 1765

2 James Gieaton, 1759 Aug. 31,1767 —
S Mather Byles, jr. D.D. April 22, 1768 Apiil, 1775 —

4 Stephen Lewis, August, 1778 1785 —

5 William Montague, April, 1786 May, 1792 —

6 Win. Waller, D.D. May 19, 1792 Dec. 5, 1800 64

7 Samuel Haskell, May, 1801 Sept. 1803 —

8 Asa Eaton, D-D. Oct. 23, 1 803

134 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

This church is situated in Salem-street, near Copp's
Hill. Its elevation makes it the most conspicuous ob-
ject in North Boston. The corner stone was laid with
religious ceremonies by Rev. Mr. Myles, April 22,
1723, and the house was dedicated on the 29th of De-
cember, the same year.

Christ Church is 70 ft. long, 50 wide and 35 high ;
the walls are two feet and a half thick, the steeple's
area is 24 feet square* The brick tower is 78 feet high;
the spire above is 97 feet ; in all 175 feet. Under the
church is the Cemetery containing 33 tombs.

The interior was greatly improved by alterations
made a few years since. Formerly there was a centre
aisle, which is now closed, and the space converted into
pews. The large altar window is closed, and the chan-
cel is enriched by an altar piece. The paintings con-
taining the Lord's prayer, select texts of scripture, and
the last supper, are from the pencil of an artist of this
city, and are deservedly admired. The flues of the
stoves are inclosed by pilasters, supporting an entabla-
ture and cornice over the chancel, on the frieze of which
is inscribed "This is none other than the house of God,
and this is the Gate of Heaven." Above this is a paint-
ing, the Descent of the Holy Spirit, finely executed. —
At the east end of the church, on the side of the chan-
cel, is a monument to the memory of Washington, (the
first ever erected to his memory in this country) with a
bust well executed by an Italian artist. The old stee-
ple, which was considered one of the most elegant in
the Union, had suffered for the want of timely repairs,
and was overthrown by the violent October gale of 1804.
The liberality of the citizens furnished four thousand
dollars for the erection of a new one, which was com-
pleted according to a model furnished by Charles Bui-

CHURCHES, 135

finch. Esq. in which the proportions and symmetry of
the old one are carefully preserved.

This church is furnished with the only peal of bells
in the city. It was a custom in former days to chime
them several nights previous to Christmas, and to ring
the old year out and the new year in, most merrily up-
on them. They are inscribed with the following

M 'ottos and Devices.

1st Bell.— "This peal cf S Bells is the gift of a number
of generous persons to Christ Church, in Boston, N. E.
anno 1744. A. R."

2d Bell.— -This church was founded in the year 1723,
Timothy Cutler, D. D. the first Rector,* A. R. 1744."

3d Bell. — "We are the first ring of Bells cast for the
British Empire in North America, A. R. 1744."

4th Bell. — "God preserre the Church of England.
1744."

5th Bell.— "'William Shirley, Esq. Governor of the
Massachusetts Bay, in New-England, anno 1744."

6th Bell. — "The subscription for these Bells was begun
by John Hammock and Robert Temple, church wardens,
anno 1743; completed by Robert Jenkins and John
Gould, church wardens, anno 1744."

7th Bell. — "Since Generosity has opened our mouths,
our tongues shall ring aloud its praise." 1744.

8th Bell. — ".^bel Rudhall, of Gloucester, cast us all,
anno 1744."

* A chair, which this Rev. Divine brought from England, and which
the veneiated Dear. Berkley (at the sale of whose effects it was purchas-
ed by Dr.C'utlei) said was modelled after the form of the Cuiule JEdilis,
in Rome, is now in the possession of a gentleman in this city. It is 100
years since Dr. G. bought it.

136 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Connected with this church is a Sabbath-school, which
was the first institution of the kind in New-England. —
It was commenced in June, 1815. Its founders have
had the satisfaction of seeing their example followed by
most other churches in the city. The average attend-
ance of children is from 75 to 100.

The doctrines of the church of England are advocat-
ed in this church without alteration.

FEDERAL STREET CHURCH.

Irish Presbvteiian, 1727. — Congiegalional, 1787

Ministers.

1 John Morehead,

2 Robert Anmn,

3 Jer. Belknap, D.D.

4 J. S. Popkin, D.D.

5 Win. E. dimming, D.D. June I, 1803

6 Ezra Stiles Gannett, June 30, 1824.

This society was originally composed of a number of
Presbyterian families from the north of Ireland. They
purchased a convenient lot at the corner of Bury-St.
(now corrupted to Berry,) and Long-lane (now called
Federal street,) and altered a barn, which stood there,
into a house of worship, which sufficed the wants of the
society till their means enabled them to raise a new and
convenient edifice, in 1744. At that time they were in
a flourishing condition; but after Mr. Moorhead's de-
cease, they probably declined, and eventually embrac-
ed the practice of our Congregational order, in 1787. —
Their first pastor under the new regime was as conspi-
cuous for his learning and talents, as the original found-
er, Mr. Morehead, had been for his eccentricities.

h'tttlancnt.

Exit.

Agz.

Maich SO, 1730

Dec. 2, 1773

17 S3

17S3

—

April 4, 1787

June 20, 1798

5-1

July 10, 1799

Nov. 28, 1 802

—

CHURCHES. 137

This church was the place of meeting for the Massa-
chusetts Convention, when they decided on the adop-
tion of the United States Constitution. It is from this
circumstance that the street derives its name. The
present edifice is a fine specimen of Saxon Gothic, de-
signed bv Charles Bulfinch Esq. who has since held the
station of principal architect over the publick buildings
at Washington. It was dedicated Nov. 23, 1S09. The
architecture is admirable for its uniformity and the sym-
metry of its proportions. It is the only pure specimen
of that style of building in this metropolis.

The ministers of this church are decided advocates of
the Unitarian system.

HOLEIS STREET CHURCH.
Consti. November 14, 1732.

Ministers. Settlement. Exit. Age.

1 Mather Bjles, D.D. Dec. 20, 1732 1777 —

2 Ebenezer Wight, Feb. 25, 1773 Sept. 1783

3 Saml. West, D.D. March 12, 1789 Apiil 10, 1808 70

4 Horace Holley, D.D. March 9, 1809 Aug. 24, 1818 —

5 John Pierpont, April 14, 1819.

His excellency Jonathan Belcher, Governor of Mas-
sachusetts, in 1730, conveyed the land on which this
house of worship stands, to Wm. Paine, Esq. and others,
on condition that they should build thereon. Accord-
ingly they erected a meeting-house 40 feet by 30, with
a steeple — it was finished and dedicated, June IS, 1732.
Beino- entirely of wood, it was destroyed in the great
fire of April 20, 1TS7. In 1793 it was rebuilt, also of
wood, and taken down in 1810, to make way for the
present edifice, which is of brick, and was dedicated
Jan. 31, 1811. It is 79 1-2 feet by 76, exclusive of the
12*

138 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

tower. It contains 130 pews on the lower floor, and 38
in the gallery, besides the seats for the choir — the stee-
ple is 19G feet high. The materials of the old house
were sold to a society in "Weymouth, where it was put
up anew almost in its original form. It was very ele-
gant for a wooden building, and a drawing of it is pre-
served in the Massachusetts Magazine for 1793." Hollis-
street church is Unitarian in sentiment.

TRINITY CHURCH.

Society commenced, April, 1723.

Ministers. Settlement. Exit. Age.

1 Addington Davenport, May 8, 1740 Sept. S, 1746

2 William Hooper, Aug. 28, 1747 Apiil 14, 17G7

3 William Walter, D.D. July 22, 1764 Mai ch 17, 1776 —

4 Samuel Parker, D.D. May 19, 1774 Dec. 6, 1301 CO

5 John S. J. Gardiner, D.D. Api il 12, 1792

6 Geo. W. Doane, 1828

The number of adherents to the doctrines and forms
of the church of England seems to have increased rap-
idly, after the introduction of the royal government into
the colony, under the charter of 1691. The reason as-
signed for the erection of Christ church, was, that the
chapel was not large enough to contain all that would
come to it; and the first step towards the formation of
Trinity church were taken by reason that the chapel
was full, and no pews to be bought by new comers —
this was in 1728. The subscription succeeding, after
some delay, a church was erected, and consecrated Aug.

* Rev. Dr. Byles died July 5, 1733. Rev. Mr Wight, Sept. 1821.—
Rev. President Iiolley, July 81, 1S27.

5>3iS.2S ssamssK

,:i„iL.:-? SISmE'EIC

CHURCHES. 139

15, 1735. It was the building; of which a drawing- is

J OCT

given in our plates, and which stood till 1S28. Though
its exterior was less imposing, being of wood, it was more
highly ornamented within than almost any other church
in the cit}r. The Trinitarian doctrines have always been
preached here.

The corner stone of the new edifice (which occupies
the site of the ancient building at the corner of Hawley
and Summer streets) was laid Aug. 15, 1828, by the Rev.
Dr. Gardiner, the rector of the church, with appropri-
ate ceremonies. A silver plate, bearing the following
inscription, (with a number of the Episcopal Watchman
and a Centinel, of April 12, 1828, containing the most
important chronological memoranda of the parish, and
several pieces of the current silver coin of the United
States) was enclosed in a glass case, with envelopes of
tin and of lead, and deposited under the stone :

TRINITY CHURCH.

Built A. D. 1734. Rebuilt A. D. 1828.

Rt. Rev. Alexander Viets Griswold, D. D. Bishop of

the Eastern Diocese.
Rev. John Sylvester John Gardiner, D. D. Rector.

Rev. George Washington Doane, A. M. Assistant Min-
ister.

Edward Hutchinson Robbins, jun. Esq. and George
Brinley, Esq. JVardens.

John Trecothick Apthorp, Esq. George Brinley, Esq.
John Hubbard, Esq. William Dehon, Esq. Joseph
Head, jun. Esq. William Davis Sohier, Esq. and Ed-
ward Hutchinson Robbins, jun. Esq. Building Com-
mittee.

140 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

The plan of the Church was designed by George Wat-
son Brimmer, Esq.
The Corner Stone was laid September loth, 1S28.

Aefftj to* Qea.

The materials, which are of the Quincy granite, far
surpass any which we have ever seen ; and the founda-
tion and upper walls, for beauty, strength, and solidity,
we are bold to say, are not equalled in this country.

WEST CHURCH.

Constituted January 3, 1737.

Ministers. Settlement. Exit. -Ag*'

1 Win. Hooper, May 18,1737 Nov. 19, 1746 —

2 Jona. Mayliew, D.D. June 17, 1747 July 8, 1766 46

3 Simeon Howarc!,D.D. May 6, 1767 Aug. 13, 1804 72

4 CharJes Lowell, D.D. Jan. 1, 1806.

The formation of this church, it is said, was owing to
a desire on the part of its founders, to enjoy the ministe-
rial services of the Rev. Mr. Hooper, who became their
first pastor ; although he probably had not given any
positive assurance that he would accept the office, for
the New Brick church invited him to become colleague
with Mr. Welsteed as late as Dec. 22, 17S6. Mr. H.
was a native of Scotland, a man of more than ordinary
powers of mind, of a noble aspect, an eloquent and pop-
ular preacher. The frame of their meeting-house, with
the tower thereof, was erected early in September, 1736.
Mr. Hooper was unanimously chosen to the pastoral of-
fice, on the day when the church was constituted, and
ordained on the 18th of May, 1737. He continued in the
office a little over nine years, when he left this society,

CHURCHES 141

and became rector of Trinity church after receiving E-
piscopal ordination. His successor, Dr. Mayhew, was
one of the brightest luminaries of the church, and fore-
most among the boldest friends of civil and religious lib-
erty. It is doubtful whether even the ardent devoted-
ness of James Otis did more to kindle the lire of the A-
merican Revolution, tban did the zeal and arguments of
Dr. Mayhew. Ke died a few weeks after delivering his
discourse on the repeal of the stamp act.

In 1806, immediately after the ordination of Dr. Low-
ell, measures were taken towards erecting a new meet-
ing-house. In April, the old one was taken down, and
the present one completed, and dedicated Nov. 27th of
the same year. This building unites neatness with el-
egance. It is seventy-five feet long and seventy-four
feet wide — the walls are thirty-four feet high, the porch
is seventeen by thirty-six feet, the walls of which are
seventy-three feet high and finished after the Doric or-
der. On the porch is erected a cupola twenty-nine feet
high, which is finished in the Ionic order. The pulpit
and front of the gallery are finished in the modern Com-
posite order. The ceiling has a dome in its centre, for-
ty-two feet in its greatest diameter. The horizontal
part of the ceiling is ornamented with pannels, fans, &.c.
The lower floor is spacious and convenient, and contains
112 pews. To its architectural embellishments an ele-
gant clock is added, the donation of the late John Der-
by, Esq. This church is counted among those which
adopt the Unitarian sentiments.

SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH.
Constituted July 27, 1743.
Ministers. Settlement. Exit. Age.

1 Ephraim Bownd, Sept. 7, 1743 June 18. 17G5 46

2 John Davis, Sept. 9, 1770 July 19, 1772 —

112 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Ministers. Settlement. Exit. Age

3 Isaac Skillruan, D.D. Oct. S, 1773 Oct. 7, 1787

4 Thomas Gair, April 23, 1788 Apiil 27, 1790 35

5 Thomas Baldwin, D.D. Nov. 11, 1700 Aug. 29, 1825 72

6 James D. KnuwJes, Dec. 28, 1825.

The second baptist church was originally formed, July
27, 1743, by three brethren of the first baptist church,
who seceded in consequence of their disapprobation of
the sentiments of the Rev. Mr. Condy, then their pastor.
These brethren for a while assumed the name of the first
baptist church, but the causes of discontent having sub-
sided, their successors have long borne the numerical ti-
tle which the order of time assigned to them. This so-
ciety held their Lord?s-day meetings for publick wor-
ship, at the dwelling-house of Mr. James Bownd, in
Sheaf street, near Copp's hill, from Oct. 3, 1742, until
June 3, 1745, when they removed to Mr. Proctor's
school-house, and there metuntil Lord's-day, March 15,
1746, when the first sermon was preached in their new
meeting-house, which stood on the spot now occupied
by the church. It was a wooden building of 45 by 33
feet, finished in a plain, but decent style. Near the
head of the broad aisle Avas prepared a font or cistern,
in which their candidates were immersed — it continued
in use for more than forty years, having been enlarged
in 1738 and ap-ain in 1797. In 1810 that building was
removed to make room for the present edifice, which is
of brick, 80 feet by 75, exclusive of a tower 38 feet by
18. The dedication took place Jan. 1, 1811. The sen-
timents of this church have always been Trinitarian.

REV. SAMUEL MATHER?S CHURCH

Was composed of a number of the members of the Old
North, at which he was an associate minister with Mr.

CHURCHES. 143

Gee. It commenced in 1741, and continued in exist-
ence, under his care, till his death, which occurred June
27, 1785.* After that the society was broken up, and
their meeting-house was sold to the

riRST UNIVERSE LIST CHURCH.
Organized in 1785.

Ministers. Settlement. Exit. Age.

1 John Murray, Oct.24,1773 Sept. 3, 1815 74

2 Edwaid Mitchell, Sept. 12, 1810 Oct.6,1811

3 Paul Dean, Aug. 19, 1813 Apiil 6. 1823 —

4 Sebastian Streeter, May 13, 1824.

Mr. Murray, the first minister of this society, is sup-
posed to have been the first preacher of the doctrine of
Universal Salvation, unreservedly, in America. He
commenced in the vicinity of New- York, in the year
1770, and preached for the first time in Boston on the
26th of October, 1773. It was not, however, till 1785,
that his followers acquired numbers sufficient to induce
them to provide themselves with a separate house for
publick worship. The dissolution of Dr. Mather's soci-
ety afforded them a good opportunity, which they em-
braced, and purchased the house which he had occupi-
ed, at the corner of Bennet and Hanover streets. The
same building still remains, having been, however, sev-
eral times altered and enlarged, so that it will now ac-
commodate a numerous congregation. It is the last of

* For an account of this and of the Rev. Andrew Croswell's church
which existed from 1748 to 1785, occupying the Old French Church,
aad for a notice of the Sanden.auin Society, which commenced in 1764,
and continued its meetings till 1823, we refer to the History of Boston
p. 229, 231, 2c6.

144 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

the ancient wooden churches. The society is reckoned
in that class of universalists which adopts the Unitarian
sentiments.

ROMAN CATHOLIC FHURCH.
Mass fust perfonned, November 22, 17G8.

Agt.

Ministers.

Settlement.

Exit.

Mr. La Poteiie,

1784

Louis de Rousselet,

John Thayei,

June 10, 1790

F. A. Malignon, D.

AuS. 20, 1792

Sept. 19, 1318

John L. deCheverus,

Oct. 3, 1776

Sept. 26, 1823

Pliilip Laiisey,

May. 1818

July, 1821

Patrick Byrne,

March 18,1820

William Taylor, D.

Apiil, 1821

Dec. 17, 1825

Benedict Femvick,

May 10,1825

James Fellon,

Bee. 23, 1827

William Wiley,

Dec. 23, 1827

The first Roman Catholic congregation was assembled
in 17S4, from among the few French and Irish then res-
ident here, by the Abbe La Poterie, a chaplain in the
French navy. In the year 1788, they obtained posses-
sion of the old French church, in School street — mass
was first performed in it, Nov. 2, 1788. M. La Poterie
was succeeded by M. Rousselet and Mr. John Thayer,
who was a native of Boston, and had taken orders as
Catholic missionary. Mr. T. began his mission here
June 10, 1790. In 1792, the Rev. Dr. Francis Anthony
Matignon arrived in Boston, and was joined by the Rev.
Bishop Cheverus, in 1796. Under the two last named
clergymen, the congregation increased in numbers and
respectability, and with some aid from Protestant friends,
erected the church in Franklin place. It was dedicated

J)nuni .jn./ A'/it/miY<2 -for \BotrtHlt I'itliirYoflSostt-'H.

CHURCHES. 145

by the name of The Church of the Holy Cross, on the
29th of September, IS03. Bishop Cheverus was recall-
ed to France by the King, and is now the archbishop of
Bordeaux. The Rt. Rev. Bp.Fenwick succeeded to his
place, as Bishop of Boston, arid together with the Rev.
Mr. Byrne and Messrs. Felton and Wile}-, has now the
charge of the church here and at South Boston, where
a neat Gothic building is erected for the members of this
communion, under the name of

st. augustise's chapel.

An inscription upon a tablet wrought into the front of
the building, reads thus :

Erected

by the Catholic congregation

of Boston,

with the approbation

and assistance of

Right Reverend Bishop Cheverus,

A. D. 1819.

In connection with these churches, it is proper to

mention, that the Rev. Mr. Thayer made provision in

his will for the establishment of a Convent. Four Ur-

suline nuns arrived in Boston, in June, 1820, where they

were engaged in the instruction of children till July,

1826, when they removed, to constitute the

URSUtlKE COMMUNITY,

Mount Benedict, in Charlestown.

This beautiful and extensive establishment is about

two and a half miles from the city, delightfully located,

and commanding one of the most rich and variegated

prospects in the United States. The plan of education

146 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

pursued here is very extensive, embracing all those at-
tainments which are considered necessary, useful or or-
namental in society. The first and leading object with
the ladies who have the charge of instruction, is to im-
press upon the minds of their pupils the importance of
the great and sublime truths of religion ; the other pur-
suits are such useful and elegant studies as are intro-
duced in our best conducted and most popular female
seminaries.

Adjoining the establishment, is a garden, beautifully
laid out, to which the young ladies alwa}-s have access.
Besides this they are allowed, on days of recreation, to
extend their walks over the whole farm, attended how-
ever by one or more of their instructors. One of the
regulations of the establishment is, that each j'oung la-
dy, who applies for admission, bring with her a bed and
bedding, six napkins, six towels, and table furniture,
consisting of a silver table and tea spoon, knife, fork, and
tumbler, all v.hich are returned at her departure. The
uniform of the 3'oung ladies, consists, on week days, of
a grey bcmbazett dress, and white on Sundays.

terms. — For Board and Tuition per annum, payable
quarterly in advance, <3tl25,00. — For ink, quills, and
paper, $4,00.

Extra charges are made for each of the languages,
except the English, and also for tuition in music and oth-
er extra branches.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

The societies of this persuasion being all intimately
connected, we shall notice them all under this one head.
As early as the year 1768, when the British regiments
were quartered in Eoston. there were some of the sol-

CHURCHES. 147

diers who were methodists, and soon gathered meetings.
But the Rev. Wm. Black is the first regular preacher
who appeared in any of our pulpits under this denomin-
ation, unless Mr. "Whitfield be considered so. Mr. B.
arrived here in 1784. From that time the sentiments
gradually gained friends, until they formed a regular so-
ciety, in August. 1792, which now bears the name of
the

riRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUKCH.

This society met in various places until 1796, when
they had erected for themselves a convenient chapel in
Methodist Alley, at North Boston ; it was dedicated May
15th. This building was of wood, 46 by 36 feet The
church at that time numbered 50 communicants. Reg-
ular and occasional meetings were constantly maintain-
ed in this house till September IS, 1S28, when the new
chapel in North Bennet street was dedicated. This is a
handsome brick edifice, combining simplicity and neat-
ness with the requisite grandeur and ornament.

It was at the laving of the corner stone of this church
that the most awful occurrence ever witnessed among
us occurred. The exterior walls of the cellar having
been completed, the frame work of the floor perfectly
laid, and the first layer of floor-boards closely jointed and
nailed down, the 30th of April, 1828, was appointed for
the religious ceremonies. The day was uncommonly
favorable for an assembly in the open air; there was a
deep stillness in the atmosphere, and the sun was suffi-
ciently covered with (he clouds from the east to prevent
the glare and heat of its rays. The preliminary servi-
ces being performed, the Rev.Mr.Maffitt commenced the
usual address. His position not being favourable to ac-
commodate all the audience, he moved towards the cor-

143 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

ner of the western wall of the building, near the street.
From this place the address was re-commenced. Tho
agitation of the crowd subsided to a breathless stillness,
and the voice of the speaker reverberated from the dwel-
lings which stood around the site of the church like the
walls of an amphitheatre. Towards the close of the ad-
dress, after the delivery of a passage almost prophetic,
which alluded to the time when the material walls of the
edifice should have crumbled into dust, nearly one fifth
of the whole extent of the flooring, wtth probably more
than two hundred people, of all ages, sexes and variety
of condition, were precipitated, without the least warn-
ing, into the cellar, a depth of about eleven feet.

The scene that now ensued exceeds the powers of de-
scription. It was like one of the terrible scenes of Avar
or earthquake, and is remembered by those who fell in-
to the chasm, and those who could look into it, as a con-
fused, horrible and bloody dream. The length of the
floor beam which broke and fell into the cellar was a-
bout thirty-four feet, it broke near the middle, the cen-
tre of the floor falling first, which precipitated all who
stood on it towards that point, where they fell six or eight
deep, crowded almost to suffocation; and when the op-
posite ends of the beams and the falling floor struck the
ground, there was a terrible rebound of the timbers in
the centre, under which human flesh and bones were
crushed like the tender herbs of the field.

Providentially, of the vast number that were exposed,
not one person was instantly killed. Many suffered se-
vere bruises, and many limbs were broken ; all but three,
we understand, survive the injuries they received.

SECOND METHODIST CHURCH.

In the year 180G, the Methodist society, on the 3d of
March, 'resolved that it was expedient to build another

CHURCHES. 149

chapel for the worship of -Almighty God.' On the 15th
of April, the corner stone of the house in Bromfield's
lane was laid 03' Rev. Peter Jayne, and it was complet-
ed and dedicated on the 19th of November following. —
Rev. Samuel Merwin preached on the occasion. This
chapel is built of brick, its dimensions are S4 by 54 feet.
Near the N. E. corner, in the middle course of hammer-
ed stone, in the foundation, is a block taken from the
celebrated rock on which our forefathers landed at Ply-
mouth.

SOUTH BOSTON METHODIST CHURCH.

This society was incorporated Feb. 15, 1825. They
had previously erected a house of worship, which was
dedicated Jan. 22, 1S25.

THE AFRICAN METHODIST

Episcopal society is under the pastoral care of the Rev.
Samuel Snowden, an ordained elder of the Methodist
connexion, a man of color, born at the South, but having
spent most of the last twenty years in the New-England
states. He became a preacher in 1815, and removed to
Boston in 1S18, soon after this church was gathered. Its
number at the first organization was twentjr-three ; it
reported to the annual conference, (in June, 1827)
eighty-four members, all colored persons. Previous to
the year 1824, they met at a private house in May street.
In that year, "by the combined liberality of the citi-
zens and christians of different denominations," they
were provided with a chapel, which was '-'dedicated to
13*

150 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

the worship of the Most High God," on Sunday, the
24th of October. This building is of brick, 40 feet by
25; the lower story accommodates a family and a pri-
mary school for colored children; the meetings of the
society are held in the upper room, which is usually
filled with hearers.

Bjr the regulations of this denomination, their clergy-
men preach interchangeably at the several chapels,
and have been usually stationed in Boston only for two
successive years, To this rule there have been but
a few exceptions.

List of Methodist Ministers who have officiated in the

Boston station.

Jesse Lee, 1790. D. Webb, EI. Rullei, 1808.

Daniel Smith, 1791. Elijah R. Sabin, Philip Munger, 1809.

Jeremiah Cosdei), 1792. Elijah R. Sabin, Gieenlief Nonis, 1810.

Amos G. Thompson, 1793. Elijah Iledding, Eiastns Olis, 1811.

Christnpliei Spry, 1794. Wm. Stephens, Wm. Hinman, I 812,

Evan Rogers, 1795. Daniel Webb, Elijah Iledding, 1813.

John Harper, 1795. Geo. Pickering, Joseph A. Meirill, 1814.

Joshua Hale, 1796. Elijah Hedding, Daniel Filmoie, 1815.

Geoige Pickeiing, 1796. Elijah Iledding, Daniel Filmoie, 1816.

Elias Hull, 1797. Timothy Merrill, Enoch Mudge, 1817.

Daniel Ostander, 1797. Timothy Meiritt, Enoch Mudge, 1818.

Wm. Bfauchamp, 1798. Benja. R. Hoyt, V. R. Osborn, 1819.

Joshua "Wells, 1799. D. Kilburn, B. R. Hoyt, 1820.

Thomas F. Sargenl, 1800. S. W. Wilson, Eph. Wiley, 1821.

George Tickering, 1801. Elijah Hedding, E. Wiley, 1822.

Thomas Lyall, 1802. Elijah Hedding, John Lindsey, 1823.

T. Lyall, E. Kihby, 1803. Solomon Sias, Isaac Bonny, 1824.

Epaphras Kibby, 1 804. T. Merrill, I. Bonny, A. D. Sargent, 1 825.

P. Jayne, R. Hubbard, 1805. T. Men ill, J. A. Merrill,.!. Fosler, 1826.

P. Jayne, S. Merwin, 180G. J. A.Merrill, J.N.Maffitt, D.Webb, 1827.

G. Pickering, D.Webb, 1807. Stephen Martindale, E. Wiley, 1828.

CHURCHES. 151

SEA ETEEET CHUECH.
Commenced in 1803.

In the year 1803. a religious society was commenced,
of the denomination of Freewill Baptists. It was at first
composed of persons who seceded from the other Bap-
tist churches in town, and adhered to the doctrines at
that time promulgated by Messrs. Thomas Jones and
Elias Smith. They have since been known under the
distinctive appellation of Christians. Their first meet-
ings were held in a large wooden building in Friend
street, then adjoining the Mill-pond. They have since
occupied the hall in Bedford-street, and Dec. 29, 1825,
dedicated the brick meeting-house at the corner of
Summer and Sea streets. They have had a number of
preachers, who have continued with them a short time.
When they have no elders to preach, they often ex-
hort each other, both male and female. The same priv-
ilege is granted to all pious people, when assembled
with them, of whatever denomination they may be.

The tenets of this society have been recently devel-
oped very fully, in a letter from elder Clough to an
English gentleman, from which it appears that they are
Unitarians, practicing baptism by immersion, and deny-
ing the doctrine of Universal salvation.

AFRICAN BAPTIST CHURCH.
Constituted 1205.

Minister. Settlement. Exit. Are.

Thomas Paul, Dec. 4, 1C06

A church was gathered from among the coloured peo-
peple, in the year 1805, which, when formed, was de-
nominated the African Baptist Church. The year after,

152 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

they began to make exertions towards building them-
selves a place of worship. A committee was chosen to
make collections for the purpose, among whom was Ca-
to Gardner, a native of Africa, who had long been a re-
spectable member of Dr. Stillman's church. At his im-
portunity a subscription paper was prepared, which Ca-
to circulated in different places, and obtained about
SjplSOO. Others of the church made collections to a con-
siderable amount; and finding sufficient encourage-
ment, the church chose a committee of white men to
superintend the building of a house, in a court in the
rear of Belknap street. It was completed, and dedicat-
ed Dec. 4, 1806 ; Mr. Paul was installed at the same
time. The house is of brick, 40 feet by 48, three sto-
ries high. The lower story is fitted up for a school-
room for African children, and has been occupied as
such from the time it was finished. The two upper sto-
ries are well furnished with pews, pulpit and galleries.
The lot is small, and with the house cost about <$SO0O.
The memory of Cato is perpetuated in an inscription on
a marble slab on the north front of the building, Mr.
Paul is a Calvinistic Baptist.

THIRD BAPTIST CHURCH.
Consti. Aug. 5, 1807.

Ministers. Settlement. Exit. -ige.

1 Rtv. Caleb Blood, Oct. 5, 1307 June 5, 1810

2 Rev. Daniel Sharp, April 29, 1812.

Proposals for building another Baptist meeting-house
were issued in Aug. 1806. A lot of land had been pre-
viously procured on Charles-street, part of which was
given by the Mount Vernon Company, and the greater

irjs'jr a aw via* . xj&le. Sff&aBffa

!>niuri uiui A'minitfif rl>r 3i>hyii'S /'utiirv ofJBoSton

CHURCHES. 153

part purchased by the subscribers to the undertaking.
Five members from the First, and 19 from the Second
Baptist church, united on the 5th of Aug. 1S07, and
were regularly constituted « as a separate church of
Christ, by the name of the Third Baptist Church in
Boston.' On the same day the house was dedicated.
Piev. Br. Baldwin preached on the occasion. The sen-
timents of this church are Trinitarian : the congregation
is large.

The land on which this edifice is erected, and indeed
the whole of Charles-street, was formerly covered with
water at the flood of the tide in Charles river, and was
formed of earth carried from the hill on its easterly side.
The house is handsomely constructed of brick, 75 feet
square, exclusive of the tower, on which is a cupola
with a bell, the first used by a Baptist Society in
Boston.

PARK STREET CHURCH.
Consti. Feb. 27, 1809.

Ministers. Settlement. Exit. Agt.

1 Edw. D. Giiffin,D.D. July 31, 1811 April 27, 1815 —

2 Sereno E. Dwigbt, Sept. 3, 1817 April 10, 1826 —

3 Edw. Beecher, Dec. 27, 1826.

The number of persons who first associated to form this
church was 26, of whom 21 were dismissed from other
churches, and 5 received by the council on profession
of faith. The corner stone of their meeting-house was
laid on the first of May. A plate, bearing the following
inscription, was deposited in the south-east corner : so*
"Jesus Christ the chief corner stone, in whom all the
building, fitly framed together, groiceth unto an holy

154 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

temple in the Lord. This church formed February
21th, and this foundation laid May 1st, 1809." The
house was dedicated to the service of God, Jan. 10, 1S10.

This edifice is delightfully situated at the bottom of
Park street, with the front on Common street, and com-
mands an entire view of the Common and the scenery
southwesterly beyond Cambridge bay. The tower is
72 feet in height, and 27 by 31 in breadth, of the Doric
order. On each side of the tower is a circular vestibule
of two stones, containing stairs to the galleries. This and
the tower ornamented with four columns of 35 feet, and
the vestibule, is crowned by an elegant pediment and
balustrade, and the windows and doors are enriched by
sixteen columns of the same order. The tower sup-
ports a square story for a bell, 8 feet high, and 20 feet
square, with four large circular windows, eight col-
umns on pedestals of the Ionic order, with correspond-
ing pilasters, crowned by four pediments and cornices.
On this stands an octagon, 25 feet high, and 16 from side
to side, with four circular windows, ornamented with 8
Corinthian columns, with appropriate embellishments.
This supports another octagon of 20 feet, 12 feet 6 inch-
es from side to side, with the same number of columns
and windows of the Composite order. On this stands a
base for the spire 11 ft. from side to side and 9 in height,
with 8 oval windows. From this rises an octagonal
spire of 50 feet with a collar midway, 9 feet 6 inches at
its base, and diminishing gradual!}'' to IS inches at the
top, crowned by a ball 6 feet above, with a vane repre-
senting a blazing star. The height of the A"ane from the
street is 217 feet 9 inches, which is obout 10 feet higher
than the top of the State-House.

This was the first new Consreffational church formed
since 1748. It professes a "decided attachment to that

CHURCHES. 155

system of the Christian religion which is distinguishing-
ly denominated Evangelical, more particularly to those
doctrines which in a proper sense are styled the doc-
trines of grace," and adopts the Congregational form of
government, as contained in the Cambridge Platform,
framed by the synod of 1G48.

hav.es place church.

First meetings, miO.

Minister. Settlement. Exit. Agt.

Lemuel Capen, Oct. 31, 1S27

The Unitarian society in South Boston originated in
the desire of a few individuals, mostly members of the
Rev. Dr. Harris' society, in Dorchester, to be accom-
modated with a nearer place of worship. They were
regularly organized as the first Congregational society
at South Boston, in the year 1310. They obtained an
act of incorporation, with the style of the Hawes place
Congregational society, Feb. ISth, 1818.

Mr. Thomas Pierce, of the Methodist denomination,
preached to them about two years. The society not be-
ing able to give him a compensation adequate to his sup-
port, he returned to the Methodists. Soon after this
they engaged Mr. Zephaniah Wood, the master of the
public grammar school, to preach to them. He contin-
ued with them till his decease, in October, 1822.

A church was regularly organized in this society,
Oct. 27tb, 1319. With the approbation of the church,
Mr. Wood was ordained as an evangelist, by an ecclesi-
astical council convened at Weymouth, Nov. 14th, 1821.
After his ordination, he statedly administered the ordi-

156 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

nance of the Supper, but sustained no pastoral relation
to the church and society by virtue of it.

After the deatli of Mr. Wood, the Rev. Mr. Capen
was requested by the society to preach and administer
the ordinances to them, and was regularly installed as
their first minister, Oct. 31st, 1S27. This society is yet
very small, and has only a temporary place for worship.
It has found a generous benefactor in the venerable Mr.
John Hawes, one of its earliest members, in honour of
whom it takes its name.

5T. Matthew's church.

First Meeting, March 31, 1816.

Minister. Settlement. Exit. -^g<-

John L. Blake, June, 1824

The services of the Protestant Episcopal church were
celebrated for the first time, in that part of the town call-
ed South Boston, on Sunday, March 31, 1816. For more
than two years the congregation met in a school-house,
and services were conducted by different clergymen and
lay-readers. St. Matthew' 's church was consecrated on
the 24th of June, 1S18, by the Right Rev. Dr. Griswold,
Bishop of the Eastern Diocese. It is situated on Broad-
way, and is a neat and commodious brick building. The
expenses of its erection were chiefly defrayed by be-
nevolent members of Trinity and Christ churches, with
a view to the future wants of that section of the city.
A service of plate for the use of the altar was presented
by the ladies of Christ church, and the pulpit, desk, and
chancel, were furnished with appropriate dressings, by
the ladies of Trinity church. The late Mrs. Elizabeth
Bowdoin Winthrop was a most liberal benefactor. Re-

CHURCHES. 157

ligious services were maintained in this church, by oc-
casional supplies, but it was not till June, 1824, that the
parish enjoyed the stated labours of a minister in full or-
ders, when the Rev. John L. Blake became rector. It
is hardly necessary to add, that this society is Tiinitarian.

SECOND CMVERSALIST CHURCH.

Incorporated Dec. 13, 1T16.

Minister. Settlement. Exit. Age.

Hosea Ballou, Dec. 25, 1C17

The erection of a meeting-house for the Second Soci-
ety of Universcdists was proposed "at a meeting of a
number of members of the First Universal Society/'
holden on Thursday, Nov. 14, 1S16. Preparatory mea-
sures were adopted, and they were incorporated Dec.
13, 1316, "by the name of the Second Society of Uni-
versalis in the town of Boston." On Monday morning,
May 19, 1S17, the corner stone of the new meeting-
house, in School street, was laid, and a silver plate de-
posited, being the gift of Dr. David Townsend, bearing
the following inscription: "T7te Second Universal
church, devoted to the worship of the true God, Jesus
Christ being the chief corner stone, May 19th, 1817."
This house is a plain building of brick, without a steeple,
75 feet long, and 67 broad. The dedication took place
on Thursday, Oct. 16th; Rev. Thomas Jones, of Glou-
cester, preached on the occasion. Oct. 21st, Rev. Ho-
sea Ballou was unanimously invited to the ministry over
this society, and his installation took place on Christmas
day, Dec. 25th, 1817. The Unitarian doctrines are ad-
vocated by the pastor of this society.
14

158 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH.
Organized August 15. 1813.

Minisfr. Settlement. Exit. Agt*

Thomas Wcncesler, Aug 17, 1823

The Boston Society of the New Jerusalem was or-
ganized 15th August, 1S18. The members of this So-
ciety are believers in the doctrines of the New Jeru-
salem as revealed in the writings of Emmanuel Sweden-
borg. The three following are the principal doctrines
of this Church. Firstly, that God is One in Essence
and in Person, and that he is the Lord Jesus Christ. —
Secondly, that the Word or Sacred Scripture is Divine
Truth, that it contains internal senses within the literal,
by means of which it is adapted to all the various
states of angels and men. Thirdly, man is regenera-
ted and thus prepared for heaven by living according
to the Ten Commandments and by acknowledging that
his power to will and to do them is of the Lord alone.

The meetings of this Society for public worship were
held first in Boylston Hall \ afterwards in the Pantheon,
and now are at the Lecture Room of the Athenaeum.
Rev. Thomas Worcester was ordained as pastor of this
Society, August 17, 1828,

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

Coramenred in 1818.

Minister. Settlement. Exit. Age.

James Sabine, Jan. 27, 1819

Under the preaching of Mr. Sabine, (who came to Bos-
ton in July, ISIS, from St. Johns, Newfoundland, to-
gether with several members of a society over which he

CHURCHES. 159

had been settled there,) a church was gathered and or-
ganized, Jan. 27, 1S19, by the name of the Essex street
church. Mr. Sabine was at the same time recognized
as its pastor. Their first meetings had been held in
Boylston Hall, but the congregation increasing, arrange-
ments were made for building a church in Essex street.

In the course of two years, some difficulties arose,
which resulted in a vote, March 6, 1822, "that this church
think it necessary to withdraw from the house of wor-
ship in Essex street, and that after this date they do
meet for worship and communion in Boylston hall."
Accordingly on the following sabbath they assembled
there.

This body retained the name of Essex street church
until Nov. 26, 1S23, when they were acknowledged and
received by the Londonderry Presbytery, and organiz-
ed into their body. Thus they became the second Pres-
byterian church in Boston, (Mr. Moorhead's having
been the first) but they are "known by the name of the
First Presbyterian church in the city of Boston."

On the morning of the 4th of July, 1827, the corner
stone of their new house, on Cedar and Piedmont streets,
was laid with much solemnity, in the name of the Holy
Trinity. It was dedicated on the 31st of January, 1S28.

UKION CHURCH.

Commenced in 1313.

Minister. Scttlcvitvt. Exit. J^t.

Samuel Green, Maich 2G, 1823

After the Essex street church, first so called, remov-
ed to Boylston hall, a minority of that body continued to
maintain worship in the Essex street house. On tha

160 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

22d of March, 1822, they requested a "regular dismis-
sion from the majority," for the purpose of being formed
into a regular church. This they received on the 5th
of April, and on the 10th of June following, ten of their
number, with two members of another church, were
embodied according to the custom of Congregational
churches. Having received an accession of members
from the Old South and Park street churches, and one
from Braintree, this body adopted the name by which it
is now known, of Union Church, on the 26th of Au-
gust, 1822, and on the 26th of March, 1S23, the Rev.
Samuel Green was installed as their pastor.

This church owns and occupies the house in Essex
street, of which the corner stone was laid June 26, and
the dedication took place, Dec. 1-5, 1819. The property
in this building is vested in the communicants, by a
trustdeed, which guarantees to them the right of choos-
ing their own pastor, without the interference of any
other body. This church is Trinitarian.

st. paul's church.

Oiiginated in 1S19.

Ministers, Settlement. Exit. Age.

Samuel F. Jarvis, D.D. July 7, 1820 Aug. 22, 1S25 —

Alonzo Potler, Aug. 29, 1326

St. Paul's church was proposed to be erected by a
subscription which was commenced in March, 1S19. —
The corner stone was laid Sept. 4th, with appropriate
solemnities. The church was consecrated June 30,
1S20, by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Alexander Yiets Gris-
wold, bishop of the Eastern diocese, assisted by the Rt.
Rev. Bishop Thos. C. Brownell, of Connecticut, with

CHURCHES. 161

many of the clergy. Dr. Samuel Farfnar Jarvis wa£ in-
stituted rector, Friday, July 7, 1820.

This edirice is situated on Common street, between
Winter and West streets, and fronts towards the Com-
mon. It is built of fine grey granite, and is an imita-
tion, so far as respects the architecture, of a Grecian
model of the Ionick order. The body of the church is
about 112 feet long by 72 feet wide, and 40 feet high
from the platform to the top of the cornice. The porti-
co projects about 14 feet, and has six Ionick columns, 3
feet 5 inches diameter, and 32 feet high, of Potomac
sand-stone, laid in courses. The base of the building
rises four feet, and there is a flight of steps to the porti-
co, extending the whole width of the front. The. inte-
rior is lighted bv ten lonsr windows, and has a chancel
and organ gallery. The ceiling is a cylindrical vault,
with pannels which span the whole width of the church.
Beneath the principal floor, there are commodious and
well constructed tombs, secured in a manner to obviate
any objection which fear, or experience, or observation
may have suggested.

The interior of St. Paul's is remarkable for its simpli-
city and beauty, and the materials of which the building
has been constructed, give it an intrinsick value and an
effect, which have not been produced by any imitations
of the classick models, that have been attempted of bricks
and plaster in other cities. The erection of this church
may be considered the commencement of an era in the
art, in Boston; and although from its situation it is some-
what obscured, the beauties it displays have already had
a sensible influence on taste in architecture : and thoso
who are aware of the importance of this art, in giving
form to our city, will consider themselves under the
highest obligations to the disinterested and high-minded
14*

162 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

individuals of the committee, by whom this church has
been designed and erected, and will not withhold the
meed of praise from the architect and artists, who super-
intended the construction of it.

CENTRAL UNIVER5ALIST CHURCH.

Sociely foimed, 1822.

Minister. Settlement. Exit. Age.

Taul Dean, Mav 7, IS23

The corner stone of the third Universal meeting-house
was laid Oct. 7, 1822. A silver plate was as usual de-
posited beneath it, on which the following was the prin-
cipal inscription: — "He that built and sustahis all
things is Jehovah — This house devoted to the worship
of Almighty God, and to the promulgation of his great
salvation through Jesus Christ, the chief corner stone,
was commenced and this stone laid, Oct. 7th, in the year
of our Lord, 1822, of the Independence of the United
States, the 46th, and of the Institution of the city of Bos-
ton, the first." The house was dedicated in the foi enoon
of the 7th of May, 1823, and in the afternoon, the Rev.
Paul Dean, having recently dissolved his connection
with the First Universal church, was installed as pastor
of the new society. This edifice is situated at the cor-
ner of Bulfinch street and Bulfinch place. Its dimen-
sions are 74 by 70 feet, and 35 high above the base. It
is a brick building and has two towers, one for the ac-
commodation of the bell, and the other for symmetry.

The interior of this church is finished in a very nice
manner. The pews are of the settee form, with mahog-
any rails and arms. It has three galleries trussed from
the antaes in the corners, which support a vaulted dome

CHURCHES. 163

ceiling; from the centre of -which is suspended an ele-
gant cut glass chandelier. The pulpit is of variegated
maple, elevated on a pedestal of black and white mar-
ble. The whole was designed and arranged by Mr.
Solomon Willard, architect.

EVANGELICAL CHURCH,

South Boston.

Constituted December 10, 1823.

Ministers. Settlement. Exit. -Age.

Piii.ce Flawe*, Apiil 28, 1824 April 1?, 1827 —

Joy H. Fail child, Nov. 22, 1827

Tn February, lS23fthe Rev. Prince Hawes commenc-
ed preaching to a small congregation at South Boston.
In the spring of that year, one of the members at his
own expense erected a hall for their accommodation.
On the 10th of December a church was organized, by
the name of the Evangelical Congregational Church,
consisting of 13 members. Mr. Hawes was installed
pastor of this church, April 28, 1S24. The hall in which
this society assembled became so crowded that it was
desirable they should be provided with a more conven-
ient place for publick worship. Benevolent individuals
subscribed for the purpose, and they have built a house
of brick, 70 feet by 50, every way commodious, but
without galleries, except at one of the ends. The house
was dedicated on the 9th of March, 1S25. This church
maintains the doctrine of the Trinity.

164 PICTURE OF BOSTON

GREEN STREET CHURCH.

Constituted Dec. 30, 1&23.

Minister. Settlement* Exit. Agt.

William Jenks, D. D. Oct. 25, 1826

Under the patronage and influence of benevolent in-
dividuals associated as a society for the moral and reli-
gious instruction of the poor, a meeting was established
at Parkman's market, Jan. 31, 1819. Publick worship
was regularly maintained half a day; and besides the
particular classes, for which the meetings were institut-
ed, it was found that a considerable number of persons
assembled, whose circumstances rendered their attend-
ance at the more frequented houses of worship incon-
venient. Further exertions were therefore made for
their accommodation, and a hou?e was then erected on
the west side of Butolph street, known by the name of
the Mission House. It was dedicated July 5, 1821,
and a church, consisting of 17 members, was constitut-
ed, Dec. 30,1823.

In that house, Rev. Dr. Jenks officiated as their min-
ister, until he had gathered around him a body of friends
who determined on the erection of a new church in
Green street. The corner stone of this edifice was laid
April 8, 1S26. In the progress of the building, a seri-
ous accident occurred. While the roof was raising,
(June 13) the fastenings gave way, the roof fell and
knocked down part of the front wall and staging. Two
persons lost their lives, and several others were severe-
ly wounded. The building was completed and dedicat-
ed on Wednesday, Oct. 25, 1S26, and Dr. Jenks' instal-
lation took place at the same time.

CHURCHES. 165

This edifice being in several respects different in its
construction from any of ourchuiches, and the prefer-
ence to this style having been given by one whose ac-
curacy of taste might be almost proverbial, we insert
at length the architectural description of it, as drawn up
by Mr. R. Bond the architect, premising only that in
ether churches the pulpit faces the door.

Exterior. The form is a parallelogram, 70 feet front,
and 76 feet 6 inches from front to rear ; the walls rise
from a basement of hammered granite 7 feet high, to
the height of 23 feet, under the horizontal cornice of
the pediment. Its leading features present 3 arched
recesses 10 feet wide and 25 feet high to the crown of
the arch. In each of these recesses, 9 feet from the
basement, is a freestone pannel, supported by pilasters
at each end, 12 by 16 inches, with plain moulded free-
stone capitals. Over the pannels in each recess stands
a circular head window, 4 feet 6 inches by 9 feet 6 in-
ches. Under the pannels in the outer recesses is a
flight of 9 steps to a platform of stone 6 by 10 feet.
The steps are almost wholly within the front wall, reach-
ing, with the platforms, to the partition wall, which ex-
tends the whole width of the house, separating the
stairways and vestibule from the main body of the
house. At each end, and to the right and left of the
platforms are doors leading to the stairways and vesti-
bule. Under the pannel in the middle recess is a win-
dow to light the vestibule. The cornice is the Greek
Ionic, with the exception of the cymatium under the
cimarecta. On the middle stone pannel is the inscrip-
tion, A. D. MDCCCXXVI.

The vertical angle of the pediment is 153°. The
tympanum of the pediment recedes 4 inches, in the
centre of which is a circular window 4 feet diameter.

166 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

From the roof, on a line with the front wall, rises a pe-
destal 2 feet 6 inches above the apex of the roof. It is
on this that the cupola is reared, 13 by 14 feet, and 16
feet high, exclusive of the roof and spindle, and finished
with pilasters at the angles, supporting a plain entabla-
ture after the manner of the Greek antae, taken from
the choragic monument of Thrasyllus.

There are 3 windows in each of the side walls, con-
taining 60 panes of glass, 12 by IS inches, with circu-
lar heads of 18 panes each.

Interior. The principal floor is elevated 7 feet, and
rises from the front to the rear of the house about 14 in-
ches. The ascent to it is by a flight of steps in each of
the outer recesses already described. The outer doors
open into a vestibule 9£ by 26 feet. The main body of
the house is 63 feet 6 inches by 67 feet, containing 1*20
pews on the principal floor. The entrances from the
vestibule are on each side of the pulpit, leading to the
aisles of the house. The pulpit occupies a space of 7 ft.
square, and the ascent to it from the vestibule is by a
flight of 8 steps. It is supported by two columns of the
Grecian Doric, 12 inches diameter, surmounted by a
full entablature copied from the Parthenon. Directly
over each of the columns at the angles stands a pedes-
tal supporting a Grecian lamp. The spaces between
are filled with pannels.

The galleries are 9 feet wide, continued all round the
house, and contain 32 pews. The visible support is by
two columns at the right angles of the back and side
galleries. The singer's gallery is in the front of the
house, and over the vestibule. The ascent to the gal-
leries is bv a flight of stairs in each of the front angles
of the building ; over which, on each side is a lobby for
colored people. The front of the galleries are finished

CHURCHES. 167

with one continued bead and flush pannel round the
whole, and capt with a plain moulded cornice corres-
ponding with the ants.

The ceiling is level to the distance of 9 feet from the
walls, with a plain moulded cornice in the angles. It
then recedes 4 inches, in which are sunken moulded
pannels. Within these pannels is another recess of 6
inches, surrounded with an architrave 2 feet wide, con-
taining 7 sunken frets. Lastly, within this is a centre
piece, containing 7 plain water leaves, surrounded with
a reeded architrave. The ceiling is whited and the
walls colored.

The roof is framed with straight beams and trussed
in a manner to support itself. The house is warmed by
a furnace in the basement at the N. W. angle.

The building is of brick, and has a vestry or chapel
adjoining it, and opening into the body of the house ;
although its main entrance is from Staniford-street.

CHAMBER STREET CHURCH.
Constituted Jan. 28, 1825.

Minister. Settlement. Exit. Age.

Samuel Ban ett, Feh. 9, 1S25.

In the year 1S23, several gentlemen conferred to-
gether on the apparent want of a new house of worship
for the accommodation of the increasing population of
the western section of the city. It was ascertained that
the Rev. Dr. Lowell's, the only Congregational society
in that part of the city, comprised at that time about
350 families, and that many in the neighborhood could
not obtain suitable accommodations within a convenient

163 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

distance. In view of these circumstances, a plan wa,s
originated for the erection of a new church, and in the
course of a few weeks, 230 shares were subscribed by
ninety persons. In January, 1S24, an act of incorpo-
ration was obtained under the title of ' The Twelfth
Congregational Society in the City of Boston.'"

The corner stone of the new house was laid on the
10th of May. The dedication took place October 13th :
Rev. Jno. G. Palfrey preached on the occasion from
Matt. xvi. 3. On the 19th December, Mr. Samuel
Barrett, from the Theological School at Cambridge, was
invited by the Society to become their pastor. Janua-
ry 23, 1825, a church was constituted from the mem-
bers of the society, and on the 9th of February, Mr.
Barrett was ordained. The society is Unitarian, and is
considered flourishing.

HANOVER CHURCH.

Con?ti. July 13, 1825.

Minister. Settlement. Exit. Age,

Ljnian Beecher, D, D. Match 22, 1826.

The Trinitarian Church in Hanover-street was
brought forward by members of the Old South, Park-
street and Union churches. The corner stone of their
edifice was laid June 20, 1825, in the presence of nu-
merous spectators. A church was organized, July ISth,
consisting of thirty-three members, part from each of
the above named churches. They were formally re-

* This Society is in fact the 18th Congregational Chinch formed reg-
ularly in Boston, and is the 15th of those now in existence : we know
not why it is called the twelfth.

CHURCHES. 169

cognized by the name of Hanover Church at a public
meeting in Park-street on the succeeding day.

On the first of March, 1S26, the Hanover church
dedicated their house of worship. The general style
of this building, externally, is after the Primitive Goth-
ic. The walls are of rough granite, 70 feet on the
street, by 71 in depth, and about 40 feet high : lower
23 feet square and about 6S high. The interior is on a
plan somewhat new. The floor of the house is on an
inclined plane, making 18 inches slope. There are 166
pews, besides seats for the singers ; the pulpit, which
is uncommonly low, stands partly in an alcove, and
projects about three feet in front of the lateral wall. —
The cost of the land and building amounted to 42,000
dollars. The property in the same is held by (he
church, exclusively of the proprietors of pews, who
purchase their lights with the distinct understanding, that
the choice of pastor and other ecclesiastical affairs be-
long solely to the body of church-members in full
communion.

The Missionary Rooms of the American Board, and
the Tract Depository, occupy the front part of the base-
ment story, and the vestry of the church is in the rear.

PURCHASE STREET CHURCH.
Sociely fouiied, 1S25.

Minuter. Stlthmcnt. Exit. Age.

George Ripley, Kov. 8, 1821.

The success which attended the erection of Cham-
ber-street church encouraged the friends of Unitarian-
ism to proceed and build another in Purchase-street, tho
15

370 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

next year. The corner stone was laid, September 7,
1825, with appropriate services, in the presence of
about 300 spectators. An account of the origin of the
undertaking was read by the Rev. Mr. Young, and an
address by the Rev. Mr. Ware. The dedication took
place on Thursday, August 24th, 1S26. The pulpit
was subsequently supplied by Rev. George Ripley,
who became pastor of the society, by ordination, on the
8th of November, 1826. A church had been gathered
previously to the ordination.

The whole plan of this edifice is neat, simple and
convenient ; and reflects great credit upon the taste
and judgment of Mr. Willard, the Architect. It is
built of rough hewn granite, and covers a space of
81 by 74 feet. It stands near the edge of the water, at
the head of the wharf where the famous Tea Vessels
lay? on the memorable night of December, 16, 1773.

EBEXEZER CHURCH.
Insfi. Jan. 18, 1826.

This church was instituted under the rules and reg-
ulations adopted by the colored community of New-
York, entitled the Asbury Connection, \>y Avhich we un-
derstand an Independent African Methodist Episcopa-
cy, distinct from the General Methodist Conference. —
Rev. James Lee, their first minister, was ordained
March 18, 1826, by Bishop William Miller of New-
York. He relinquished the charge in 1S28, and is suc-
ceeded by Rev. Stephen Dutton. They have erected
a commodious house of worship on the east side of Cen-
tre-street, West Boston, which is well attended.

CHURCHES. 171

SECOND CHRISTIAN CHURCH.
Gathered Sept. 9, 1826.

This body was regularly constituted on the 9th of
September. 1826, by members who had left attendance
at Sea-street church, in consequence of their dissatis-
faction with the restraints laid upon private members,
when desirous to take part in the public exhortations.
Elder Elias Smith was one of the number (twenty) and
was at the same time requested to take the oversight of
this little band. If we rightly understand., one of their
principal articles of faith is, that the book called the
New Testament contains all needful for us to know,
believe and do ; and they wish to be known as christ-
ians according to the New Testament, or New Testa-
ment Christians, to the exclusion of all other sectari-
an names, laws, rules or doctrines. They have had
some accession to their numbers, and hold their Lord's
day meetings in Julicn Hall,

FEDERAL STREET BAPTIST CHURCH*

Recognized July 18. 1S27.

Minister. Settlement. Exit. Age.

Howard Malcom, Jan. 9, 1828.

The Federal-street Baptist meeting-house was open-
ed for religious worship, July IS, 1S27. It is a neat
and spacious edifice, built of brick, 74 feet wide and S6
long including the porch. It has a basement story,
containing a large and convenient vestry, two rooms
for candidates to prepare for baptism, and three other

172 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

large rooms. In front of the pulpit is a font or baptist-
ery for the immersion of persons becoming members of
the church. There are 117 pews on the lower floor
and 34 in the gallery. The house has a cupola, and a
bell weighing 1635 lbs. The corner stone was laid
Sept. 25, 1826. The land, on which the building stands,
formed part of the estate of the late Hon. R. T. Paine.
March 22, 1S27, steps were taken preparatory to the
formation of a church, and 65 persons, the piincipal
part being members of ihe Baptist churches in the city,
were organized and publicly recognized, on the day of
the dedicalion. On the 9ih of January, 1C2S, Rev.
Howard Malcom was installed. His sentiments and
those of the church are tj initarian.

The Massachusetts Sabbath School Union Deposito-
ry occupies one of the front rooms of the basement sto-
ry of this church.

PINE STREET CHURCH.
Consti. Sept. 1, 1827.

Minister. Settlement. Exit. Age.

Thomas H. Skinner, D.D. Apiil 10, 1 CSS Aug. 27, J 328 —

The corner stone of a new Trinitarian church was
laid, on the morning of June 20, 1827. The site of the
house is on the east side of Washington-street, at the
corner of Fine street, directly opposite Warren-street.
A church was constituted of 4.5 members to occupy this
house, on Saturday, Sept. 1, 1827, and the dedication
took place, on the following Christmas Day. Rev. Dr.
Skinner, from Philadelphia, was installed, but the fee-
ble state of his health compelled him soon to relinquish
the station.

CHURCHES. 173

The Pine-street church is 71 feet in width, and 80
feet in length, with a pediment of 10 feet, with a tow-
er and hell weighing 1400. The whole exterior is a
classic form, taken from the Temple of Theseus at A-
thens. The front is finished in the Grecian Doric style ;
the pediment is supported by 6 Doric columns. On the
south side is a pleasant green. The house contains 182
pews. In the basement is a Vestry, 46 by 40, and a
Committee Room, 27 by 20. The inside work is done
in a plain neat style ; and the interior presents on the
whole, an appearance as beautiful as any house of wor-
ship in the city. The front gallery is furnished with ?,
handsome clock.

SALEM CHURCH.

Formed September 1, 1C27.

Minister. Setile77ient. Exit. Age.

Jujtin Edwards, D. D. Jan. 1, 1S28.

The ceremony of laying the corner stone of the
Trinitarian Church at the corner of Salem and North
Bennett-streets took place, July 17, 1827. Ninety-
seven persons were formed into a church to occupy this
house, at the same time that the Pine-street church was
formed, Sept. 1, 1827. The dedication occurred on
January 1, 1S28, and the installation of Rev. Dr. Ed-
wards at the same time.

The body of the house is 74 by 71 feet. The ves-
tibule projects in front about 12 feet, having circular
flanks. The vestibule is finished in the centre with a
pediment, corresponding in style to the covering of the
house, which is simple Tuscan. The pediment is sur-
15*

174 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

mounted by a wooden lower 20 feet square, and rising
about 2 feet above tbe apex of tbe main roof, and sus-
taining an octagon bell-tower, or cupola of tbe simplest
Ionic, crowned with a plain hemispheric dome. The
interior contains on tbe lower floor 134 pews, and in the
gallery 46, making in all ISO. Tbe ceiling is a simple
arch fiom side to side, spiinging from a projecting belt
of stucco, which extends around the entire building. —
The arch is indented with recesses or block pannels in
the simplest style. The desk is of mahogany, resting
upon 6 Tonic pillars with antique capitals, and appropri-
ate entablature, and is ascended by ciicular stairs on
either hand. The entire finish must be regarded as
plain ; yet in good keeping, and the several parts so dispo-
sed as on the whole to render it imposing, neat and ele-
gant. The house was erected under the supei intend*
ence of Joseph Jenkins, Esq., who also was the archi-
tect. The house is furnished with a fine toned bell,
weighing about 1500 lbs.

SOUTH CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH.
Society foiined, 1£27.

Minister. Settlement. Exit. Jgc,

Mellish I. Molte, May 21, 1823.

Soon after the commencement of Pine- street church,
measures were taken to establish an additional unitari-
an society at the south part of the cit}\ The site se-
lected for their intended house of worship was on the
east side of Washington-street, a short distance south
of the trinitarian church. The corner stone was laid,
Aug. 7th, 1S27, and the dedication took place, Jan. 30,
182S. Rev. Mr. Ware preached on this occasion, from
John xvii, 17, the same text which Rev. Mr. Knowles

CHURCHES. 175

had taken at Mr. Malcom's installation, a few days be-
fore. On the 21st of May, Rev. Mellish Irving Motte
was installed as pastor of the society. Rev. Dr. Chan-
ning preached on the occasion.

It is a large and commodious house, containing 124
pews on the floor, and 42 in the galleries. Its appear-
ance is neat ; the ceiling is flat, and is brought lower
than in most of our churches ; the pulpit probably
Unites more excellencies in its construction than any
other in Boston. Neither so high as in the old church-
es, nor so open as in some modern ones, it presents a front
of good proportions, and affords ample room for all the
clergymen who may be called to officiate on public oc-
casions. It is situated in a recess, the wall of which is
covered by drapery arranged with much taste, and
through a door in which the minister may descend to
the Vestry. This is admirably planned, consisting of
two large rooms connected by folding doors.

In addition to the foregoing, in which it has been our
design to include all the regularly established churches
of (he city, there are also stated meetings of worshipping
assemblies, in the Mission house, in Buttolph street; a
tScamcii's meeting, at the hall over the arch on Central
wharf; and another Mariners'' church in the old Meth-
odist chapel, North Boston, and there has recently been
erected a neat and attractive Chapel in Friend street,
on the Mill-pond land, where the Rev. Dr. Tuckerman
officiates. The Methodist society also maintain a meet-
ing occasionally at the extreme south part of the city,
and there is a branch of the Second Baptist Society
established at South Boston.

All these being enumerated, the total of worshipping
assemblies simultaneously engaged in devotional exer-
cises, within the limits of Boston, will be 49. Of this

176 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

number, 16 may be accounted Unitarian in sentiment,
2 doubtful, and tbe remaining 31 avowedly Trinitarian.
Respecting the number of communicants at the several
churches, and the usual number of stated hearers, we
have not been able to come at any reasonable calcula-
tions.

BURIAL GROUNDS AND CEMETERIES',

CHAPEL BURIAL GROUND.

This lies at the north of the Stone Chapel, facing that
portion of Common-street, directly opposite the man-
sion of the late Lt. Gov. Phillips, who, with several of
his family and predecessors, are entombed in this ground.
This is the oldest burying field in the city — and Mr.
Johnson, whose biography may be found in the history
of Boston, as one of its earliest benefactors, was the
first person buried here. There are many delapidated
stones, with curious, though indistinct mementos of a
former race of inhabitants. The tomb of Gov. John
Winthrop, who died at the age of 62, in the year 1649,
is an interesting relic. Samuel Parkman, Esq. distin-
guished as an eminent merchant, and the late Judge
Thomas Dawes, who will long be remembered for wit
and useful talents, among thousands of others, are en-
tombed here.

The monumental marbles, to which we referred,
(p. 12S) within the Chapel, are sacred to the memory
of members of the families of Apthorp and Shirley,
and Vassall. The former is surmounted by a sculptured
urn ; the two latter by busts of excellent workmanship.
The Inscription on the tomb of Vassall has some histori-
cal allusions which particularly entitle it to a place in
this wori\

BURIAL GROUNDS. 177

" Sacred to (he Memory of Samuel Vassall, Esq. of
London, merchant, one of the original proprietors of the
lands of this country; a steady and undaunted asserter
of the liberties of England. In 1G2S, he was the first
who boldly refused to submit to the tax of tonnage and
poundage, an unconstitutional claim of the crown arbi-
trarily imposed : for which (to the ruin of his family)
his goods were seized and his person imprisoned by the
Star Chamber Court. He was chosen to represent the
city of London in two successive Parliaments which
met Apii] 13 and Nov. 3, 1640. The Parliament in Ju-
ly, 1841, voted him £10,-145 12 2 for his damages, and
resolved that he should be further considered for his
perconal suflfeiings; but the rage of the times and the
neglect of proper applications, since, have lost to his
family only the honour of that vote and resolution. He
was one of the largest subscribers to raise money against
the Rebels in Ireland; all these facts may be seen in
the Journal of the House of Commons. He was the
son of the gallant John Vassall, who in 15SS, at his own
expense, fitted out and commanded two ships of war,
with which he joined the Royal Navy to oppose the
Spankh Armada. This monument was erected by his
great grandson, Florentius Vassall. Esq. of Jamaica, now
residing in England, May, 1T6G. W. Tyler, sculpsit,
London."

COFF'S HILT. BURIAL GROUND.

The stranger will view the ancient burial ground, on
the summit of an eminence at the north part of the city,
with deep interest. Thousands of bodies are probably
buried on this small piece of ground. An infinite va-
riety of head stones, slabs, and decayed monuments, are

178 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

presented to the eye, in great apparent confusion. One
circumstance is observable here, ■which shows more
perfection in the art of sculpture, nearly two centuries
ago, than at later periods. Heraldic devices, on some
ancient family tomb stones are beautifully executed,
and are still in fine preservation ; while the lettering
and other operations of the chisel, on the grave stones,
present the rudest specimens of the art. Among the
modern monuments, one of white marble, erected over the
remains of Dr. Charles Jarvis, who died 1S07, is worthy
of notice. On one side is the following record :

'Charles Jarvis died Nov. 15, 1807, aged 57 vears : a Physician — i
Statesman, and an honest man, whose dignified depoitment and sublime
eloquence, unbounded philanthropy and other virtues, endear big
memory to his fellow citizens.'

GRANARY BURYISG GKOVtib')

&6 denominated from' the circumstance of the towtt
granary or public bread store house, having formerly
stood within the inclosure. Many monuments of gran-
ite, marble, &c. but principally of slate, are in a good
state of preservation.

The Cenotaph erected to the memory of Dr. Franklin,
stands over the tomb, in which repose the remains of
both of his parents. This monument was erected by
a few citizens of Boston, in 1827, and the ceremony of
laying the first stone was witnessed by a number of cit-
izens, among whom were the governor and lieutenant
governor of the commonwealth, and other officers of the
government, the officers and main' members of the
Mechanic Association. An address was delivered by
Gen. Henry A. S. Dearborn, which consisted princi

BURIAL GROUNDS. 179

pally of an interesting sketch of the life and character
of Franklin. A piece of plate, with an appropriate in-
scription, and the Franklin School Medals, were plac-
ed under the stone. The monument is a pyramid, 25 feet
high, and formed of blocks of granite of about six tons
weight each, taken from the Bunker Hill Monument
quarry. It was erected under the direction of Mr.
AVillard, the architect.

A beautiful white marble monument, of superior work-
manship, over the remains of Gov. Sumner, who died 1T99,
is a prominent object. Gov. Bellingham, renowned in the
history of the colony of Massachusetts, was entombed
on the west side of this yard, Dec. 7, 1672. The family
of Bellino-ham beino; extinct, at the death of Gov. James
Sullivan, who died Dec. 10, 1808, the selectmen of the
town of Boston presented it to his family, and a new
monument, consisting of two marble slabs, the upper-
most supported on pillars, was erected, on which the
original obituary record of Gov. Bellingham was trans-
cribed. The tombs of the celebrated Dr. John Jeflry ;
Peter Faneuil, who presented the Market House to the
town of Boston, — whose portrait may be seen in Fan-
euil Hall ;-the Rev. Joseph Eckley, and Judge Sewall,
all of whom were distinguished men, whose histories
are intimately interwoven with the history of the city,
may be recognised in the Granary.

COMMOK OR BOYLSTOX-5T. BTJRYTKG GKOUKD.

There is nothing remarkable in the general appear-
ance of the monuments of this ground, to excite the an-
tiquary. It may be found at the south border of the
Common, facing Boylston-streot. The Catholic friends
improved this ground considerably in former years.

ISO PICTURE OF BOSTON.

SOUTH END BURIAL GROUND.

Located on the south side of Washington street, at
the south end of the cit}r, near Roxbury. This has un-
dergone so many excellent improvements under the de-
voted attentions of the superintendant of burial grounds,
that it bids fair to become the Pere la Chaise of the city,
Trees and shrubbery are planted, and such regularity ob-
served in the construction of tombs, and in the ranges ot
graves, as to meet the approbation of the citizen as well
as stranger. There is one very large tomb near the
centre of tbe yard, expressly for children.

At South Boston, there is the South Boston burial
ground, belonging to the inhabitants, having eight tombs,
and one at the house of Industry, having 6 tombs. A
catholic burying ground also, connected with St. Au-
gustine's chapel, South Boston.

CEMETERIES.

One under Christ Church, north end, having 33 tombs.

One under St. Paul's Church, Common street, having
65 tombs. There is an elegant monument in this, erect-
ed to the memory of Gen. Joseph Warren, who was
slain on Bunker Hill — his remains are entombed here.

One under Trinity Church, Summer street, having
25 tombs.

One under Park street church, having 30 tombs.

One under the stone chapel, Common street, having
21 tombs.

One under St. Matthew's chapel, South Boston, hav-
ing 19 tombs.

Twenty-nine in the Common street yard.

One hundred ?.nd i-^enty-one, in Copp's Hill j'ard.

Sixty-six tombs in Copp's Hill new yard.

Thirty-four in Charter street, new ground.

STATUE OF WASHINGTON. 181

One hundred and forty-nine in Boylsfon street yard.

Two hundred and three in the Granary yard.

Six in the House of Industry yard, South Boston.

Eight in the South Boston burial ground.

Fifteen in another yard, South Boston.

Forty in the new yard on the neck, and the construc-
tion of new ones to be continued.

Total number of tombs, nine hundred and fifteen;
which are capable of holding twenty-one thousand and
forty-five bodies, by estimation. It is not supposed that
any thing near that number is now contained within
them.

STATl'E OF WASHINGTON.

The plan for erecting a monument to the memory of
Washington, in Boston, first originated with gentlemen
who had been associates with him in early life. A meet-
ing was called, and a society organized, under the title
of the Washington Monument Association, April 27,
1811. The measures, adopted to raise funds, were made
with a view first to erect an equestrian statue; but find-
ing the amount collected would be insufficient for that
purpose, it was changed to a pedestrian statue. The
■whole amount raised by subscriptions was only $S,0SS,34;
but by the good management of the board of trustees,
this sum was increased by interest to $16,313,34, by the
time the statue was finished. It cost, together with the
pedestal and the temple in which it is placed, a little
more than .$15,000. It is the work of Chantrey.

As the visitor enters the State-house at the south front,

he beholds the Statue, through the arched passage

way that leads from the Doric hall to the apartment

where it is placed. It is free to the public at all times,

182 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

with the exception of Sundays, Thanksgiving and Fast-
days, on which the house is closed, \n obedie/uce to an
order of the General Court.

It is said many who ha\'e often seen Washington at
various periods from £ie commencement of the war of
the Revolution, tr nis retirement from the Presidency,
and whSS ha""e carefully examined the statue, are unan-
imous Vn their opinion of its strong resemblance to the
great original, particularly at the period of time which
the statue is intended to commemorate. It was first un-
covered for public inspection on the 26th of November,
1827, in presence of the Trustees of the x\ssociation,
who held a special meeting on the occasion, at the State-
house, in the Hall consecrated to the memory of the
Father of his country.

At this meeting, it was Voted, That the Trustees of
said Association, by virtue of the powers vested in them,
do hereby confide, and trust, as well the said edifice,
erected at their expense, as the noble statue, the work
of the first artist in Europe, to the care and patriotism of
the government of the State of Massachusetts, for the
use and benefit of the citizens of said state, to all future
generations, with the following provisos, that the said
room shall never be appropriated to any other use, or
the exhibition of any other monument, or work of art,
than the Statue of Washington ; and that in case the ed-
ifice, of which the hall of Washington forms a part, shall
at any future time cease to be used for the purposes to
which it is now devoted, the Trustees, or their success-
ors, or on failure of them the Mayor and Aldermen of the
city of Boston shall have a right to take possession of the
statue aforesaid, and of its pedestal, and to remove the
same to any other situation within the city of Boston,
which they may deem appropriate.

MILITARY. 183

The Authorities of the state signified their acceptance
of the statue on the Sth of January, 1S28. Resolved,
that the Legislature of this Commonwealth accept the
Statue of Washington upon the terms and conditions on
which it is offered by the Trustees of the Washington
Monument Association, and entertains a just sense of
the patriotic feeling of those individuals, who have done
honor to the State by placing in it a statue of the man,
whose life was among the greatest of his country's bles-
sings, and whose fame is her proudest inheritance.

MILITARY.

The Militia of Boston, which has always held a high
rank in point of discipline and good order, consists of
three Regiments, composing the 3d Brigade of the 1st
Division of the Massachusetts Militia. By the laws of
this state, persons are enrolled from the age of 18 to 45
years, and the annual inspection takes place on the 1st
Tuesday in May, when the rules and articles are pub-
licly read to the companies. Each captain is required
to parade his company on two several days in addition
to the annual inspection. Persons between the age of
35 and 45 are exempt from military duty by paying an-
nually to the City Treasurer the sum of two dollars, and
exhibiting his receipt to the captain previous to the
May training. There are attached to this Brigade,
three companies of Artillery, one company of Light
Dragoons; u company of Sea Fencibles, seven companies
of Lig;ht Infantry, and an excellent band of music, call-,
ed the Brigade Band.

The Laboratory near the south west corner of the
Common, supplied by the State, is well furnished with

184 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

artillery of different calibre, and every necessary appen-
dage in complete readiness ; and, at three hours notice,
Boston can bring into the field, a larger and better train
of artillery, than could have been produced from the
whole state, at the commencement of the revolutionary
war.

The following companies by permission of the City
Government, keep their Armories in Faneuil Hall,
which are neatly fitted and arranged in the best of
order.

THE AKTIEKT AND HONORABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY.

This Company, composed mostly of commissioned
officers, was founded in 1637 and incorporated, 163S. Its
two first and principal members were Capt. Robert
Keayne and Maj. Gen. Robert Sedgwick, both of whom
were, before their emigration, members of the Honor-
able Artillery Company in London. Many of the ear-
ly members were highly distinguished in office in the
various towns of the Colony of Massachusetts. The
Roll Book shows that it was extremely diffused and the
list of officers from year to year confirms the fact that
it was widely useful in those days in the Colony. Af-
ter the accession of Cromwell, probably but few of the
most distinguished Puritans came to this country, and
therefore, the roll does not exhibit much annual acces-
sion of members j but after the restoration it appears
the members increased, and the company prospered un-
til Sir Edward Andros' arrival, when it was temporari-
ly dissolved, and revived again immediately on his de-
position. Several of the early members were distin-
guished men in England as well as here, and several

MILITARY. 185

on returning to England' were appointed to high offices
in CromwelFs army.

From 1691 to 17T4, the compam' continued its opera-
tions and was greatly beneficial in the diffusion of mili-
tary knowledge. Its prosperity during that period was
marked by alternate years of great success and severe
depression. During this period they disposed of their
lands in Rutland and Dunstable. The Village near the
Nashua Factories is on the same premises, it is be-
lieved. They sold those lands about 1730, having pre-
viously leased them eleven years successively for a bar-
rel of cider annually, but they never received the pay-
ment until after our revolutionary war, during which
their meetings were again suspended, and revived just
before the Shays' rebellion.

Their numbers and prospects have, again, since that
time varied. Their friends have augmented, their dis-
cipline has uniformly incorporated the improvements of
the age from time to time, and now stands highly re-
spectable. They have borne on their roll officers of
every grade from Governors, "L\. Governors, and Gen-
erals, to Ensigns, and no small number of privates of
every profession and occupation.

On the first Monday in June, according to charter,
this company celebrate its anniversary by attending
religious exercises at church, and by a public parade
on the Common in presence of the Governor, Lt. Gov-
ernor, and the members of the Legislature.

INDEPENDENT CADETS.
Instituted 1786.

This company composes the Governor's Guard, and
3s not subject to any other duty than to attend his Ex-
16*

186 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

cellency. The Cadet Band is attached to this com-
pany.

INDEPENDENT BOSTON FUSILIERS.
Instituted May 11, 1787,

BOSTON EIGHT INFANTRY.
Instituted 1798.

WINSLOW BLUES.

Instituted 1799.

WASHINGTON LIGHT INFANTRT.

Instituted 1803.

SOUL OF THE SOLDIERY.
Instituted March, 1805.

This company is formed of non-commissioned officers
belonging to the different companies in Boston, and con-
sequently does not, as a body, constitute any part of our
military force.

RANGERS.

Instituted 1812.

NEW ENGLAND GUARDS
Inlituttd 1812.

CITY GUARDS.
Instituted 1821.

PLACES OF AMUSEMENT.

The puritan spirit of our ancestors was transfused
into the first and second generations which succeeded
them : nothing like the fashionable amusements of our
day found any countenance with them. The first at-

THEATRES. 187

tempt, in 1750 to establish a Theatre in Boston, was fol-
lowed by a law of the Province, prohibiting theatrical
exhibitions, under penalties. During the siege, the
British entertained themselves with amusements of a
theatrical sort in Faneuil Hall. From that time no
traces are discovered of a theatre in Boston till 17S9,
when tbe newspapers contain intimations of a design to
establish one. An effort was made to repeal the prohib-
itory laws, which proved unsuccessful, and the expe-
dient of exhibiting plays under the title of Moral Lec-
tures, was adopted in the fall of 1792. The patronage
afforded to these exhibitions was so liberal, that the
plan of erecting a commodious brick building, purpose*
ly for a theatre, was easily carried into execution,—
This was the commencement of the

EOSTOy THEATRE,

Situated on the corner of Federal and Franklin-
streets. This building when first erected, was 140 feet
long, 61 wide, and 40 feet in height. Jn 1825, an ad-
dition was made to the west end of the Wilding, of a-
bout 12 feet, with corresponding improvements in the
interior. It was first opened Feb. 3, 1794, with the
tragedy of Gustavus Vasa Erickson, the deliverer of
Sweden, under the management of Mr. Charles Stuart
Powell. In consequence of a misunderstanding be-
tween Mr. P. and the proprietors, J. S. Tyler was ap-
pointed to the management, but not succeeding, he re-
linquished, and was succeeded by John Brown William-
son. The following memoranda will show the various
changes that have taken place in this house, and serve
as reference for the lovers of the drama.

183 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Mr. Williamson having failed as Manager of the Fed-
eral-street Theatre, it was taken by Messrs Barrett and
Harper, in 1797. During the season this Theatre was
destroyed by fire, on the afternoon of Feb. 2, 179S. —
Messrs B. and H. applied for the use of the Hay mar-
ket Theatre, and were refused."

The Theatre having been rebuilt, was opened under
the management of Mr. Hodgkinson, Oct. 29, 1793. —
The pieces performed were a Prelude, called ' The
First Night's apology, or All in a Bustle,' ' Wives as
they Were,' and the ' Purse.'

April 29, 1799, — Mr. Hodgkinson having failed in the
Federal-street concern, removed the Company to the
Haymarket Theatre, which he opened with the 'Stran-
ger,5 and ' Plymouth Rock.' This was the last season
Mr. Hodgkinson performed in Boston,

Oct. 1799. — Theatre opened under the management
of Mr. G. L. Barrett, with the comedy of ' Laugh when
you Can.' Mr. B. failed before the season expired.

Oct. 27, 1S00. — Theatre opened under the manage-
ment of Mr. Whitlock, who, after experiencing a loss
of about J&4000, relinquished the concern. This season
introduced to a Boston audience the celebrated Mrs.
Jones.

Nov. 30, 1801. — The Theatre was opened under the
joint management of Messrs. Powell and Harper. 'The
School for Scandal,' and ' Poor Soldier,' were the en-
tertainments.

* The fritnJs of Mr Powell raised by mbsciiption, a ?um sufficient
to build of wood the Huymarktt Theatre, which was said at that lima
to have been " ihc tnost spacious and convenient ever erected in Amer-
ica." It was located on Common-street near the lower end of th«
Mall, and was opened Dec. 26, 1796. This Theatre was discontinued
in the course of a few jears.

THEATRES. 189

Oct. 27, 1802. — The Theatre opened under the man-
agement of Mr. Snelling Powell, with the ■ Poor Gen-
tleman,' and « Purse.' The Theatre continued under
the sole management of Mr. S. Powell, until Oct. 1806,
when it opened under the joint management of Messrs.
Powell, Bernard, and Dickinson, (since Dickson,) who
continued it till 1811, when Mr. Bernard relinquished
his part, and Messrs. Powell and Dickson retained the
management of it for 11 years. In 1816-17, Mr. D.
retired from the stage, and has performed only twice
since ; in April, 1S19, he appeared in the character of
Hardy, in the ' Belle's Stratagem,' and Oglow, in ■ Ti-
mour the Tartar,' for Mrs. Powell's benefit : and in
in May, 1821, he performed Sir Robert Bramble, in the
' Poor Gentleman,' Will Steady, in the ■ Purse,' and
Tag, in the « Spoil*-.! Child" : this was likewise for the
benefit of Mrs. Powell, who was prevented from ap-
pearing before her friends on that occasion, in conse-
quence of the decease of Mr. Powell, which occurred
the previous month.

Mr. Dickson, although he retired from the stage, con-
tinued in the management. The season of 1817 com-
menced under the joint direction of Messrs. Powell,
Dickson, and Duff ■ this connexion continued for three
years, when Mr. Duff relinquished his share in the
concern.

After the lamented decease of Mr. Powell, (April 8,
1821,) the management devolved upon Mr. D. (for Mrs.
Powell, who was principally interested, and himself,)
aided by Mr. Kilner, as Acting Manager; this contin-
ued until the expiration of their lease from the pro-
prietors, in May, 1824.

The next season, in Sept. 1S24, Messrs. Kilner and
Finn undertook the management, for themselves and
Mrs, Powell, on a lease of three years.

190 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

The Boston Theatre opened in 1828, under the man-
agement of Mr. Charles Young for the Proprietors.

It is a fact, worthy of record, and highly creditable
to the Managers, that, from the time of Mr. Powell's
undertaking the management, until the present date,
there never has been an instance known of a perform-
er's salary, a tradesman's bill, or any other demand a-
gainst the Theatre being refused payment. This punc-
tuality has given a respectability and credit to the es-
tablishment, that is not surpassed by any other in fhia
country or in England.

WASHINGTON THEATRE,

In the "Washington Gardens on Common-street, was
first called the Amjihitheatre and afterwards the City
Theatre. At first the managers of the Boston Thea-
tre were interested in the performances here, but in a
short time the control over it passed into the hands of
several amateurs, and the two institutions became in
some sort rivals to each other. The house is construc-
ted so as to answer for a Circus, and has several times
been opened for Equestrian performances.

TREMONT THEATRE.

The project for establishing a third theatre in Boston,
was set on foot by persons who believed the time had ar-
rived when something should be done to raise the char-
acter of the Boston stage ; and it would seem that no suf-
ficient effort could be made on the part of the proprie-
tors of the Boston Theatre to convince all concerned,
that a new theatre, was not demanded by the public

THEATRES. 1S1

voice. Meetings were held, and a company formed, in
February: proposals were advertised for a plan, on the
first of March ; the work immediately commenced, and
the corner stone of the "TremorU Theatre was laid on
the morning of the 4th of July, 1827. The building rose
with a rapidity almost unexampled ; the exteiior was
nearly completed, and the interior was ready for the re-
ception of company on the evening of Monday, Sept. 24,
and was opened under the management of Mr. William
Pelby. The entertainments selected, were the comedy
of "Wives as they were, and Maids as they Are,'' con-
cluding with the farce of "The Lady and the Devil,"—
After a brilliant overture composed and arranged by Mr.
Ostinelli, the curtain was drawn up, and displayed a
most splendid scene, when Mr. Blake came forward and
delivered the Prize Addrcs-.

The general form of this edifice is that of a parallelo-
gram, fronting upon Common street, the extent of which
front i3 79 feet, depth 133 feet. About 75 fret in the
i ear, the stage part of the building is widened about 12
feet, making a jog upon each side. The front is of Quin-
ey and Kallowell granite; the side walls are of brick,
and IS inches in thickness. The front is in imitation of
the Ionic order, with four pilasters and two ant?e, one

*In the selection of a title, the Tiustees gave general satisfaction, is
(lie name of Trcmont had become neatly extinct through the vaiicm
alterations in our city. It was the (hst EnglUh name given to Boston,
and is of name origin. Shttwmnt ptesemed to the view of ihe emi-
gi ants who fi:st located at Charlestown, the ajipearan«c^of three larga
hills j one in the north, one far to the east, and another fotming-ihe
whole western extremity of the peninsula. On ihe }a-t, which refer*
to Beacon hill, were three lofty and majestic eminences in a contiguous
rs:'ee. The combination of thece circumstances doubtless gave ri?8 to
the name-,

192 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

on each angle supporting an entablature and pediment,
and elevated on a basement of 17 feet. The height of
the pilasters is 25 feet 4 inches, including their bases
and caps; their width 3 feet 3 inches, projecting one foot
from the wall. The height of the pediment is about 18
feet from the level cornice to the ridge. There are
three wide arched doors in the basement, and two win-
dows, one at each corner, to light the ticket offices. On
entering the arched doors in front, there opens a wide
hall, from which a flight of steps ascends to the dress
circle boxes, and here are the lobbies for the promenade,
and separate drawing rooms, communicating with an el-
egant saloon in the centre.

At the close of the first theatrical season, Mr. Pelby
withdrew from the management, and relinquished his
interest in the lease of this house to an association of gen-
tlemen, who opened it on the 1st of Sept. 1828, under
the management of Mr. Booth, the Tragedian. During
the summer, the interior of the edifice underwent very-
extensive alterations, particularly that part of it design-
ed for the accommodation of the auditory — effectually
remedying every defect which experience and observa-
tion had pointed out. For elegance, comfort, commo-
diousness, and perfect adaptation to its proper object,
this theatre may challenge comparison with any similar
establishment in the Union. Mr. Isaiah Rogers was
the architect.

MUSEUM.

We find that the first movement towards a Museum
in Boston, commenced by exhibiting a few wax figures at
the American Coffee House, in State-street, about the
year 1791. Mr. Daniel Bowen was the proprietor, who
moved his curiosities to a hall over a school house, in

Prawn aniJanancPti fbrHowen's2Sctitr4 of -Boston*.

MUSEUM. 193

Bromfield-st. till 1795, when it took the appellation
of Columbian Museum. January 15, 1803, just as it
had become profitable to the proprietor, the whole wag
nearly destroyed by fire. Mr. Bowen began another
collection at the corner of Milk and Oliver streets the
following May, and in 1S06, Mr. ffm. M. S. Doyle,
becoming connected with the original proprietor, erect-
ed an edifice, five stories high, near the Stone Chapel,
to which the Museum was removed and company re-
ceived on Thanksgiving evening, Nov. 27, 1806. The
whole fabric, together with its valuable contents, was
destroyed by fire Jan. 16, 1807. Another building
which is now called the Columbian Hall, was erected
by the proprietors, on the same ground, and ready for
visitors June 2, 1807. This collection was sold to the
proprietors of the New England Museum, Jan. 1, 1825,
for about $5000, and this closes the history of the first
Museum in Boston. The only one now existing is the

KEW E.VGLAND MUSEUM,
No. 76, Courl-St.

This extensiveTCollectionJwas first' opened on the
4th of Julv, 1S18, from which time it has been con-
stantly accumulating. It is conducted under the pro-
visions of a charter, granted by the Legislature in Feb.
ISIS, and owned in shares. It commenced with the
collection, formerly owned by the late Mr. Edward
Savage, and called the JVew York Museum, for some
time kept in Boylston Hall. The New Haven Museum,
the Boston Museum, Market Museum, Columbian and
City Museum, and also the collections of the late Lin-
nean Society, have been successively purchased and
17

194 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

added to this establishment, together with the continual
accession of such curiosities as could from time to time
be obtained from all other sources. It is now very
large, and occupies 11 spacious halls and apartments in
the extensive block of buildings on Court-street, be-
tween Market and Brattle Streets. The following out-
line of its contents is all our limits will permit.

Lower Hall. — This room is 70 by 36 feet and 14 feet
high. In the centre, stands the great elephant, Horatio,
which weighed 656 wt. — and Vampyre of the ocean,
a very wonderful non-descript, which weighed 5 tons.
The south side of the hall is covered with large histori-
cal Paintings, portraits of distinguished individuals, to-
gether with many other valuable pictures. On the
north, a case, the whole length, is filled with Wax Fig-
ures, over which is a range of elegant Portraits. In
front of the wax figures, stand 29 small figures, repre-
senting the Incas of Peru and their wives. The ends
of the hall are covered with various pictures and other
curious productions of art, among which, the full length
portraits of the late emperor (Alexander) and empress
of Russia, painted at St. Petersburg. In this hall are
also, the musical Androides, the mechanical Panorama,
musical Clock, stone Sarcophagus, curious Mirrors,
Sac. &c.

The Marine Room contains a great variety of fishes,
monsters, and curiosities from the sea, collected from
various parts of the world. There are also in this room
a camel, buffaloe, moose, great white bear and other
quadrupeds, and large serpents.

The Cosmorama Room is fitted up with alcoves and
cases, and contains a great variety of Indian and Asiatic
curiosities, antiquities, minerals, small pictures and mis-
cellaneous articles. Aleo, the grand Cosmorama for

MUSEUM. 1S5

exhibiting views of cities, Sec. At present it contains a
superb view of Constantinople.

The long Lobby (36 feet) contains about 40 cases of
birds, some heathen gods, Indian implements, antiqui-
ties, Sec. Sec.

The middle Chamber contains about 3000 reptiles,
monsters, Sec. preserved in spirits : cases of minerals
and articles from the South Seas and Eastern Islands
are fitted to the sides of the room.

In the passage way, in a recess, stands the great or-
gan ; at the other end the pondrometer, a curious ma-
chine for weighing, so constructed, that when a person
seats himself in an arm chair, a lady's arm and hand ap-
pears and points at his weight in figures — walls covered
with pictures, Sec.

The Insect and Shell room contains upwards of 4000
insects, neatly put up in cases, also large collections of
beautiful shells, arranged in cases. On one side is a
groupe of wax figures of Indian Chiefs, Sec. and numer-
ous Indian weapons and utensils. A gallery extends
round this room, the front of which is covered with por-
traits and other pictures.

Upper hail (.^ize of lower hall) — the north side is fill-
ed whole length with cases of birds, beautifully arrang-
ed: south side with quadrupeds and birds; centre, cases
of mineral?, Sec, Here stands the celebrated marble
statue of Venus by Canova, also various other full length
statues. A row of portraits extends quite round the hall
at top — numerous curiosities disposed about the room.
At the east end is a stage and side rooms, all filled with
interesting articles; the great Asiatic lion in front. The
grand militar)^ Androides perform in this hall.

Upper wax figure room. On two sides of this room
are ranges and historical groupes of wax figures, appro-

190 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

priately'dressed. some cases of birds. Other curiosities,
among which is the Mermaid, disposed about the room.

Monkey room — a great variety of the Simia tribe are
neatly arranged in cases, in attitudes of action, working
at various trades — very amusing. Two Ourang Outangs;
Jubata or Asia Bear — Opossum, with ten young ones,
Sec. &c. Collection of birds from France; collection of
domestic fowls; collection of wild Ducks. On a lono-
table in the centre is displayed the great Leviathan Tur-
tle, testudo concentrica, which weighed upwards of 8
cwt. Chinese Punishments and other articles disposed
about the room. In the passage, Birds, great Mada-
gascar Bats, fee. Sec.

In the Shakspeare room are a great number of elegant
Prints in frames, from the works of the great dramatic
Poet — some very fine historical prints occupy the re-
mainder of the walls. There is a large and splendid his-
toric:.! painting, representing the Roman daughter giv-
ing sustenance to her father in prison, in an elegant
frame. It is so placed as to occupy part of two sto-
ries-painted by Rembrandt Peale, Esq. of Philadelphia.

ANNIVERSARIES.

J\rew Year's Day is not observed by the inhabitants
generally as a holiday, though to particular classes of
people, it is. There is always a service at the Catho-
lic church on this day, commemorative of the Circum-
cision. The carriers of the newspapers, lamp-lighters,
and watchmen present the citizens with poetical
good-wishes, and receive some solid evidences of the
esteem with which they are regarded.

Washington's Birth Day. — The discharge of heavy
artillery, morning, noon and night, on the 22d of Feb-

ANNIVERSARIES. 197

ruary, by military companies, recalls to recollection
the services of " the Father of his Country." Public
and private entertainments, such as dinners, balls, ap-
propriate exhibitions and theatrical amusements char-
acterize this day.

Fast. — A Public Fast, generally in the month of A-
pril, is observed throughout the state, in compliance
with a proclamation of the Governor and Council. —
This is a day of religious solemnities, strictly observed
in Boston — shops and stores being closed and services
held in all the churches.

April Election. — The choice of Governor and Sena-
tors takes place on the first Monday of April annually.

May-Bay. — This awakens many youthful associa-
tions, but is only retained in this place as a festival
morning by the force of custom.

General Election. — The last Wednesday in May,
when the legislature convenes, is called the General
Election. After organizing the government, the Gen-
eral Court march in procession from the Slate House,
under escort of the Independent Cadets, to the Old
South Church, where a sermon is delivered by one of
the Clergy, appointed at the previous session.

Artillery Election is the anniversary of the Antient
and Honorable Artillery Company, and occurs on the
first Monday in June. The Governor, Lt. Governor,
and the Members of the Legislature, after hearing the
annual sermon pronounced, attend first the dinner and
then the parade on the Common. The festivities of the
day are finished by the Governor's conferring commis-
sions on the officers elect, of the Antient and Honora-
ble Artillery.

17*

199 PICTURE .OF BOSTON.

The 11th of June is observed as the anniversary of
the Battle of Bunker Hill, by military parade on the
memorable height.

Independence. — That which is most important in its
object, in bringing annually into recollection, the strug-
gle of our forefathers for the great charter of liberty,
is the national anniversary, on the 4th of Jul}-. On
the return of this day, which affords to millions of
Freemen an opportunity to express with gratitude and
with one voice, the numberless blessings Independence
has brought in her train to this republic, the citizens
relinquish their private employments to mingle in the
wide ocean of national felicity. The day is ushered in
by the ringing of bells, and the firing of cannon from
our numerous hiils. At an early period the military
corps parade — people arrive from all parts of the coun-
try to partake in the festivities ; and when the day
proves pleasant, the streets are thronged with citizens
and strangers of all ages and sexes, arrayed in their
best apparel, with joy animating their countenances. —
Here processions are formed, orations delivered, politi-
cal and religious, and such other demonstrations given
of the love of country as become a free people.

The Abolition of Slavery in Massachusetts, is com-
memorated by the people of color, on the 14th of Jul}',
by an oration and a public dinner.

Squantum Feast. — This is a celebration in commem-
oration of an Indian Treat}'. The entertainment is
composed entirely of articles taken from the ocean, and
is served up on a promontory called Squantum Rock,
in Dorchester Bay, about five miles from the city. It
usually occurs some time in August.

Commencement, Harvard College. This takes

place on the last Wednesday in August, at Cambridge

ANNIVERSARIES. 199

The Governor, Lt. Governor and Council, with distin-
guished citizens and strangers, leave the city in pro-
cession at an early hour, to attend the exercises of the
Graduating Class, and witness the conferring of de-
grees. The exercises of the Phi Beta Kappa Society
take place the day following.

Brighton Fair\ — An interesting exhibition of cattle,
agricultural improvements and domestic manufactures,
held in Brighton, in October — the particular day fixed
by the Trustees of the Massachusetts Agricultural So-
ciety.

General Training, usually occurs in October, in
Boston, when there is a grand military displav and re-
view of all the troops in the County of Suffolk.

Thanksgiving. — Agreeably to a good old custom of
our forefathers, a day set a part by proclamation of the
Governor, as a day of Public Thanksgiving. It com-
monly occurs at the close of November, and is ob-
served as a religious festival — services being held in
the different churches, and the day being ended by an
interchange of good feelings between families and re-
latives, over tables which are loaded with the richest
bounties of our country.

Christmas. — The celebration of the 25th of Decem-
ber, is beginning to be more religiously observed by all
denominations of christians.

HOTELS.

Although we may consider our city well supplied with
hotels and private boarding houses, which may afford to
the traveller and lone citizen an opportunity to select a
temporary home adapted to his taste and his means, we
have not, since the destruction of the old Exchange

200 PICTURE OF BOSTON

Coffee Kouse by fire, had any very extensive establish-
ment of the kind. The want of this has been observed
with regret by some of our citizens, and they have been
induced to unite for the purpose of erecting a spacious
and commodious edifice, which, .properly conducted,
may perhaps prove more acceptable to the strangers vis-
iting the city, by bringing together a greater number in
one circle, than can be accommodated at our best more
private houses, however well provided. Being situated
on the corner of Beacon street, in the part of Common
street formerly called Tremont street, this establishment
bears the name of

TREMONT HOUSE.

The corner stone of this hotel was laid on the -ith of
July, 1S28, in presence of a large concourse of specta-
tors. The Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associa-
tion assembled at the Exchange Coffee House at eight
o'olock, and walked in procession to the site of the pro-
posed edifice. When they arrived at the spot, by re-
quest of the President of the Association, Major Russell
read the inscription engraved on the silver plate to be
deposited beneath the stone, and the names of the sub-
scribers to the loan for the erection of the building, with
the sums subscribed by each. This catalogue of names
was inclosed in a glass case and sealed with Roman ce-
ment. The whole were then placed by the President
of the Association in the cavity prepared for their recep-
tion in the foundation stone; a plate of lead was placed
over it, and sealed with Roman cement; and the corner
stone was then lowered by means of the usual machine-
ry, and properly adjusted in its place. The President
then addressed the assembly as follows:

HOTELS. 201

"At the rcquestof our enterprising and patriotic fel-
low-citizens, the proprietors of these premises, the Mas-
sachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, by their
Government, appear on this occasion to assist in laying
the corner stone of Tremont House; and in performing
this pleasing task, they would express their approbation
of the generous effort which has been made to supply
our wants and to ornament our city, and their ardent
wishes for its entire success. Who doubts the need of
such accommodations as are here to be provided? Who
has not felt the want of them to be a reproach ? Here-
after when the stranger shall come from afar to behold
this city of the children of the Pilgrims, this birth place
of Franklin, the Cradle of Liberty, and the Battle grounds
of Lexington and Bunker Hill — Here shall the weary
find repose, sheltered from the scorching heat by day,
and the malignant blast by night. Here may temper-
ance be an abiding guest, and health with happiness
here be at home. We would indulge the hope, and we
would express the wish, that its walls may stand while
Independence is the glory of our country; while the
names of Washington and of Warren dwell on our
tongues, or live in our history. May a kind Providence
watch over and protect those of our brethren by whose
labours it shall rise; and when at last the efforts of the
enterprising, the sacrifices of the patriotic, and the toils
of the laborious are over, and when, not these bodies on-
ly, but these rocks shall decay; when the lofty monu-
ment, the solemn temple, and the gorgeous palace, alike
shall totter, and fall and perish, may those who shall
have shared in its erection, and those who shall have
partaken of its hospitality, find admission into that house
not made with hands, eternal in the Heavens."

202 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

William H. Elliot. Esq. the original projector, and one
of the largest stockholders in the establishment, then
made a short address.

By invitation of the proprietors, the subscribers to the
loan, with other friends to the enterprize, assembled at
11 o'clock in the saloon of Tremont Theatre, to partake
of a collation. During the entertainment, Mr. Eliot
made a brief exposition of some of the difficulties -which
the proprietors of the hotel had encountered and over-
come. A great number of sentiments were given, from
which we have selected the two following, as having
eorae point of wit and local adaptation:

' The beautiful vicinity of Tremont street — The Bos-
ton Common. The joint stock of a free company of all
the citizens. May the directors of the Corporation nev-
er be permitted to dispose of a single share of it, but
may it forever remain undivided and unencumbered
real estate.'

' The public places in Tremont street — A Hotel, a
Theatre, two Churches, and a Burying-ground. May
we live with temperance in the first, enjoy rational
amusement in the second, and be devoutly prepared in
the third for the repose which awaits us in the last,'

Inscription .on the plate deposited beneath the
Corner Stone:

'The CornerStpne of Tremont House was laid by
Samuel Turell Armstrong, President of the Massa-
chusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, on the fourth
day of July, A. D. 1828, and the fifty-second Anniver-
sary of American Independence; Levi Lincoln being
Governor of Massachusetts; and Josiah Qujncv, Mayor
of Boston.

HOTELS. 203

' A desire to promote the welfare and to contribute to
the embellishment of their native city, led the proprie-
tors, Thomas Handasyde Perkins, James Perkins,
Andrew Eliot Belknap, William Havard Eliot, and
Samuel Atkins Eliot, to undertake this work. In its
accomplishment, they were aided by the liberality of
the persons whose names are enrolled on the parchment
in the glass case beneath.

' ISAIAH ROGERS, ARCHITECT.'

Architectural description. — This structure will occu-
py a front on Common-street of one hundred and
sixty feet. Its height above the level of the area, which
is to be excavated in front and on Beacon street, will be
sixty-two feet.

Two wings extend from the principal building in front,
the most northerly of which will front on Beacon street,
and is eighty-four feet long by thirty-four wide. The
southerly wing, one hundred and ten feet long by forty
wide, will terminate in a second front, on the Court re-
cently opened from Beacon street, from which there
will be a private entrance to apartments intended for
the accommodation of families, and individuals who oc-
cupy suites of rooms.

The house will be three stories high in front, and four
on the wings, exclusive of the basement story. The
front and two circular ends facing Beacon street, and the
open ground south of the building, are to be of Quincy
granite, and to be surmounted by an entablature, copied
in part from the Choragic Monument, supported by An-
taes at each extremity.

The Portico, which is to be of the same material, will
be thirty-seven feet six inches long by seven feet in
width and twenty-five feet six inches high. Four fiut-

204 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

ed columns three feet four inches in diameter at the base,
and six diameters high, will support the roof of the por-
tico, the proportions of which are precisely copied from
those of the Doric Portico at Athens, with the exception
that the portico of Tremont House is to be di-triglyph,
the intercolumniations being nearly equal.

The whole number of rooms will be one hundred and
eighty. The south wing contains ten private parlors on
the first and second floors, having one or more cham-
bers attached to each. The dining room will be in the
north wing and will finish about seventj' feet in length
by thirty-one feet in width, the height being fourteen
feet. Besides the private parlors in the south wing,
there will be six large rooms in front which are intend-
ed for the accommodation of clubs and parties. Every
pair of these rooms are to be connected by sliding doors,
one being intended for a drawing room, the other for a
dining room. The length of each of these apartments
will be thirty feet, the width twenty, and the height of
those on the first floor fourteen. In addition to these,
there will be a large reading-room and a general draw-
ing-room and two small parlors in the front part. The
principal entrance will be nearly opposite theTremont
Theatre, and besides this and the entrance from the
Court already spoken of, there will be a third privato
entrance on the south side about thirty feet from Com-
mon street, to which access will be had by means of a
walk, which will extend the whole length of the south
wing. From the Look-out above the roof of this struc-
ture, an extensive and beautiful landscape comprising a
view of the harbor and the amphitheatre of hills to the
west, and of the towns of Charlestown and Chelsea ta
the north, will present itself.

HOTELS. 205

ESCHAKGS COFFEE ITOCSE,

Kept by Col. James Hamilton, is situated in Congress
Square, on the site of the Old Exchange, and in the ve-
ry centre of business. The building is 5 stories high,
and has a very handsome hall 75 feet by 30; a large
dining hall, 13 parlors, 4 withdrawing rooms, SO sleeping
chambers, and can accommodate about 130 persons. —
The following regulations will give some further idea of
this excellent establishment:

'•'Gentlemen on becoming boarders, enter their names
at the bar. The establishment is accountable for all ar-
ticles deposited in the bar, and put in express charge of
the bar keeper, naming the articles to him, and for no
other.

Terms of Board and Lodging per day, $ 1,50

« « " « week, 10

« »« " " year, 312

Board only, - • • " week, 5

Dinners, .......3

Gentlemen can be accommodated with one lodging
room, and breakfast, at half the price of board. No gen-
tleman will be considered an annual boarder, without
an express agreement to that effect. Boarders for a less
period, will be taken at the yearly rate, provided their
terms of board include the winter months. Gentlemen
who prefer drinking their own wine, will be expected
to pay 50 cents per bottle. Payment from transient
persons is expected weekly, and from all others, on the
first day of every month, when bills will be rendered.

Breakfast from S to 10 ; Dinner at 2 o'clock, during

the week, and half past 1 on Sunday. Tea from 6 to 7,

and Supper from 9 to 11. All meals at other hours are

charged extra. The ringinor of the bell, at the usual

206 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

hour, is the summons to the eating room ; and in the
morning, a preparatorj- bell is rung half an hour before
breakfast. The usual hour for retiring is 11 o'clock^but
by ringing the bell, admittance may be obtained at any
time thereafter.

A regular watch is kept during the night, to give ad-
mission; to provide beds, if required, and protect the
house.

When two or more gentlemen call for a private room,
each individual of the party is chargeable, and liable for
the payment of the whole bill, until it is settled.

Gentlemen, on sending their names or number to the
bar, (naming the kind and the price) may be supplied
with liquors of superior quality."'

marlbop.o' hotel,

Is an extensive establishment, kept by Mr. James
Barker, 229, Washington street. The building is 4 sto-
ries, has a neat and convenient hall, with suitable with-
drawing rooms for parties, and accommodations for about
100 persons. Some of the Providence and hourly stages
depart from this hotel.

earl's corrEE house,

No. 36, Hanover street, is one of the oldest public
houses. It is extensively known in all the eastern
states, having been established in 1S06, and kept by the
present incumbent 21 years. It may be invidious to
draw comparisons, but it is only an act of justice to say,
that the assiduous attentions and amiable deportment of
the proprietor, as well as the good order and domestic
arrangements of the house, have secured for it a regu-
lar set of customers, whose business may bring them at
different periods to the city. The situation is central, in

HOTELS. 207

the vicinity of the principal commercial streets. The
various lines of stages for the North, South, and West,
leave this house daily. The accommodations are large,
and sufficient for the reception of one hundred persons.
An extensive liver}' stable is convenient to the house,
where strangers, wishing to take a survejr of the beau-
tiful scenery surrounding the city, can at all times be
accommodated.

COMMERCIAL COFFEE HOUSE,

In Milk-street^ near Liberty-square, is a well known
establishment, and has been under the management of
the present occupant, Mr. Wm, Meriam, since 1817.

CITY TAVERN,

By Mr. Lucius Doolittle, is a convenient and com-
modious house, formerly well known as the stand kept
by Mr. Simeon Boj'den, in Brattle-street near Dock-Sq.
The Sa]em, Gloucester, and other stages keep their
books here.

MERCHANTS' HOTEL,

Kept by A. M. Brigham, No. 42, Hanover-street,
has undergone recent improvements, and i9 calculated
to accommodate from 60 to 70 persons. There are from
6 to 8 stages that leave this house daily — principally for
Providence and the northward.

INDIAN QUEEN TAVERN,

By Preston Shepard in Bromfield-street, is a public
house, advantageously known and of long standing.

LAFAYETTE HOTEL,

Kept by Messrs. Haskell and Davis, is a new house,
built in 1824. It is situated opposite the Boylston

203 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Market, 392 Washington-street, near another tavern,
now marked by the the sign of the Liberty Tree.

EASTERN STAGE HOUSE,

By Col. Ephraim Wildes, No. 84, Ann-street, is a
well known stand. The books of the eastern stages,
are kept at this house.

LAMB TAVERN.

A Public House has been kept, for more than 50
years at the Sigti of the Lamb, 369 Washington-street,
and we believe the Sign of the Lion has been its con-
stant neighbor, for nearly the same length of time.

WASHINGTON COFFEE HOUSE,

By Lewis Boutell, at No. 158, Washington-street
One line of the Roxbury hourly's starts from this house.

HOLLAND'S COFFEE HOUSE

Is situated in Howard-street, — is central and has
been kept a public house about 10 years. Attached to
this establishment is an excellent Livery Stable, for the
accommodation of strangers.

Concert Hall, No. 95, Court-street, corner of Hano-
ver-street, by A. Eaton.

Ehn\Street Hotel, No. 9, Elm-street, by E. Thomp-
son.

Patterson Hotel, No. 11, Elm-street, by Solomon
Wildes.

Suffolk Hotel, Elm-street, by J. Hastings.
Farmers' Hotel, Salem-street, (late Back-street.)
Franklin Hotel, Merchants' Row, by Bcnja. Smith.

BOARDING HOUSES. 200

-Idams Hotel, near Bowdoin-square, by Nathaniel
Barr.

Warren Hotel, comer of Merrimack and Friend-
street.

J\Iansio7i Home Hotel, Milk-st. by Henry Holbrook.

Sun Tavern, Batterymarch-st. by Henry Goodrich.

Washington Hotel is in Washington-street near
Roxbury.

Cornhill Coffee House, Cornhill Court, by William
Fenno. Here persons can be accommodated with
meals, at all hours of the day.

Restoratory, by J. P. Bradstreet, corner of Milk and
Atkinson street.

Boston Coffee House, corner of Milk and Devon-
shire-street, by Wm. Gallagher.

JBoylston Hotel, School-street, nest to the Latin
School house.

Among the most fashionable and extensive Boarding
Houses, are the following :

Julien House, by Miss Vose, No. 67, Gongress-st.
and 48 Milk-street. This is an extensive establish-
ment with every convenience to accommodate GO or
70 boarders.

Mrs. Trott's Boarding House is pleasantly situated in
Pearl-street, No. 10, nearly opposite the Athenaeum.

Mrs. Delano's, in Beacon-st. near the State House.

Mrs. Scollay's, at No. 1, Bowdoin-street.

Miss Wentworth's, Somerset-street.

Mrs. Lakain's, No. 3, Pearl-street.

Mrs. Goldthwait's, No. 17, Pearl-street.
18*

210 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

6TAGES AND POST COACHES.

Alphabetically Arranged,

N. B. For new lines of Stages, and the variations of
those here inserted, Ave would refer the reader to
Messrs. Badger & Porters Stage Register, published
every two months.

Albany, Troy, N. Y. Greenfield and Boston Union Centre Line, leave»
Brigham's 42 Hanover-street, Boston, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sat-
urdays at 6 a. ra. and anives in Albany 3d day to dine— dist. 160 m.
Fare 6 00.

Andover and Boston Union Line of Stages, leaves Wildes' No. 11 Elm
ft. Boston, every day except Sunday, at half past 4 p. in. and arrivea
in Andover at half past 7 p. m.

Boston and Albany Mail Stage, via Northampton, leaves Earl'« 36
Hanover st. Boston, Monday, Wednesday and Fiiday, at 2 a. m. and
cnives in Albany next day at 7 p. m. — dist. 169 m.— fare to North-
ampton 4 50, to Albany 2 75.

Boston and Albany Accomodation, via Greenfield, leaves BrighamV,
42 Hanover st. Boston, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, at 6 a.
m. and anises in Troy at 3, and in Albany at 4 p. m. (he thud day-
fare to Albany 7 00.

•Another leaves Earl's Coffee House 36 Hanover st. Boston, Monday,
Wednesday and Fi iday, at 2 a. m. and arrives in Albarry the follow-
ing days at 6 p. m. — fare 8 75.

Another, by Worcester, leaves Earl's Hanover st. Tuesday, Thurs-
day and Saturday, at 2 a. m. and arrives at Albany at 8 p. m. second
day — .fare 8 75.

Boston and Albany, via Springfield Mail and Accommodation Daily
Line, leaves Boston every day except Sunday, at 2 a. m. and anivea
in Albany second day at 7 p. m.— fare 8 75.

Boston and Albany Express Line, via Northampton^ leaves Earl's and
Suffolk Hotel Elm st. Bo;ton, every day except Sunday, at 2 a. m.
and arrives in Albany 2d day at 6 p. m.

Boston and Worcester Accommodation, leaves Earl's 36 Hanover st.
Boston, Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 10 a. m. and arrivea in
Worcester at 4 p. ra — dist. 42 m.— fare 2 00.

STAGES. 211

Eoston and New York Mail Coach, leaves Earl's 36 Hanover st. Bos-
ton, dailv at 1 p. m. arrives in Hartford next morning at 6, in New
Haven at 2 p. m. and in New York at G second morning.

Boston, Hartford and N. Haven Middle Road, leaves Earl's Hanover
et. Boston, Monday, Wednesday and Fiiday, at 5 a. n>. and arrives
in Asbford at 5 p. m. — leaves Ashford Tuesday, Thursday and Sal-
nrday, at 5 a. ni. and arrives in New Haven at 5 p. m. — dist. 136 a.
Fare to Hartford 5 50, do. to New Haven 7 50.

Boston and Albany Mail St4ge, via Brattleboiough, leaves Biigham's
42 Hanover st. Boston, Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 2 a. m"
and arrives in Brattleborough same evenings — leaves B. Tuesday,
Thursday and Saturday, at 2 a. m. and arrives in Albany same eve-
nings.

Boston and Duxbury Accommodation, leaves City Tavern, Boston,
Wednesday and Satuidaj- at 10 a. m. — faie 2 00.

Boston, Concoid, Harvard, Fitchburg and Winchendon Accommoda-
tion, leaves Biigham's 42 Hanover st. Boston, Tuesday and Thursday
nt 3 a. id. and Saturday at 5 a. ni. — fare through 2 75.

Boston and Concord, N. H. via Londonderry, leaves J. Barnard's
Stage Office, Elm st. Boston, every day at 7 a. m. and arrives at
Concord at 6 p. m. — /are 3 00.

Boston, Keene and Charlestown N. H. leaves 1 Elmst. Boston, every
morning at 4, and arrives in Keene same evening — leaves Ketne ior
Charlestown next morning — fare to Iieene 250, to Charleetovvo

3 00.

Boston and New Bedford Mail, leaves City Tavern Monday, Wednes-
day and Friday, at half past 7 a. m. and arrives in N. B. same p. m.
dist. to N. B. 54 m.— fare 3 00.

Boston and New Ipswich, N. H. Accommodation, leaves No. 4 Elm st
Boston, Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 4 a. m. and arrives iu
N. I. to dine. — fare 1 25.

Boston, Lancaster &nd Fitchburg Accommodation, leaves City Tarern,
Boston, Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 9 a.'m. and arrive*
at F. Et 6, p. m.

Bosion and Plymouth Accommodation, leaves City Tavern, Monday,
Wednesday and Friday, at 7 a. m.

Boston and Holden, leaves Suffolk Hotel, Tuesday, Thursday and Sat-
urday, at 9 a. m.

213 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Boston, Amherst, Windsor and Burlington Mail, leaves City Tavern ev«
ery morning at 7, and arrives in Burlington Sd day at 5 p. m.

Boston and Providence Citizen's Stages, leave Marlboro' Hotel, to
meet the boats at Providence every morning at 5. Mail Stage leavtf
same place every morning at 7. — faie 250.

Boston and Providence Citizens' Commercial Line, leaves Brigham't
42 Hanover si. every morning at 5, except Tuesday, and od that day
at half past 7.— fare 2 50.

Boston, Haverhill and Concord, N. H. leaves J.Barnard's 9 Elm st
Monday, "Wednesday and Friday, and arrives in Concoid at 6 p. ra.
where it connects with the Pilot Line for Burlington and Mon-
treal.— dist. to Concord 68 m. — fare 3 00.

Boston, Haverhill, Dover, N. H. and Portland, leaves Wildes' 45 Ann
st Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 3 a. m.— fare to Haverhill
1 50, to Exeter 2 25, to Dover 3 00, to Portland 6 00.

Boston. Westborough, Centre and Worcester Accommodation, leaves
Wildes' 11 Elm st. Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 10 a.m.
and arrives in Worcester at 4 p m. — fare 2 00.

Boston and Lowell Accommodation, leaves Wildes' Elmst. Mondav,
Wc-dnesdaj- and Friday, at half past 9 a. m.

Boston, Newburyporl, Exeter and Dover, N. H. leaves Wildes' 45,
Ann st. every morning except Sundays, at half past 7— arrives in
Newburyport at 1 p. m. in Exeter at 4, and in Dover at 7 p. m. —
leaves Dover next morning at 7, and arrives in Portland at 4 p. m.—
fare to Dover 3 25, to Portland 6 00.

Boston, Newbury port and Atnesbury Accommodation, leaves Wildes',
45 Ann st. every day except Sundays, at 2 p. m. and arrives at New-
buryporl at 7, and in Amesbury at 8.— fare 2 00 and 2 25.

Boston, Boltun, Lancaster, Steiling, Princeton, Barre, Sunderland and
Bloody Brook Accommodation, leaves Brigham's 42 Hanover st.
Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 6 a. m. and arrives at Eaxre
at 6 p. m.— fare to Carre 2 62.

Boston, Portsmouth, N. H. and Portland Accommodation, leaves
Wildes' 45 Ann st. Boston, every morning except Sunday at 8, and
anives in Portsmouth at 5 p. m — leaves next morning at 8 (on lower
road) and arrives in Portland at 5 p. m. — fare 3 00 and 6 00.

Boston, Plymouth and New Bedford Mail, leaves City Tavern Monday »
Wednesday and FiiJiy, and arrives in N. B. same p. m. — fare to
Plymouth 2 00, io N. B. 3 50.

u x n.\jrijO.

213

Boston and Newport Mail Stages, via Taunton, leave Shepard's, Broin-
fitld s(. every de.y except Sundays, at 5 a. m. and arrive in .Newport

at 6 p. m.
Boston and Concord N. H. Merrimack, daily leaves Marlboro' Hotel

Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 7 a. in, and Suffolk Hotel Elm

st. Tuesday, Thursday and Satin day, at the same hour, and arrives

in Concord at 5 p. m.
Boston, Lowell and Middlesex Village, leaves Barnard's Elmst. Mon-

d iy, Wednesday and Friday, at 10 a. in. arid arrive* in M. Village

at 2 p. m.
Boston and Burlington Mail Pilot, leaves Barnard's 9 Elm at. erery

day at 7 a. rn. and arrives in Builington 3d day at 4 p. in. — dist. 220

miles — fare 8 50.
Boston and Bristol Mail Stages, via Taun'.on, leave Shepard's Broru-

jield ?t. Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 5 a, m. and arrives in

Bristol at 4 p. m.
Brookline and Boston, leaves Marlboso' Hotel every day except 5m>

day,at 10 a. m. and at 2 and 5 p. m.
Beverly and Boston, leaves City Tavern at 4 p. m. — fare 1 00.
Bridge water, Randolph and Boston, leases Shepard's BrcmfielJ street,

Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 12 nooa — dist. 27 miles — fare

1 50.
Cohassc-t, Hinghaui and Boston Accommodation, leaves City Tavern

Monday and Saturday, at 4 p. in. — dist. 20 m. — fare 1 00.
Charlestowu and Boston Hourly Coaches, leave 45 Brattle st at C a. m.

and continue to leave every hour th: ough the day until 8 p. or.— •

every day, Sundays excepted.
C^uton and Boston, leaves Riley's, Elm st. Monday, Tuesday, Thurs-

day and Saturday, at 4 p. m. — fare 75.
Cambridgeport and Boston Hourly, leaves 45 Brattle st. at C, 9, 10, 11

and 12 a. m. and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 3 p. m.
Cambridge and Boston Stage, leaves Brigham's 42 Hanover st. every

day except Sunday, at noon and at 6 p. ni. — fare 25 cents,
Dorchester. Milton and Boston Stage, ltaves Wilde's Elm sL every

day except Sunday, at op. m.
Dorchester, South Boston and City Coach, leaves Marlboro' Hotel at

12 noon, and at half past 4 p. m.
Dc-dham and Boston, leaves No. 9 Elm ■{. every day except Sunday,

at 4 p. m.- fare 50 cents.

214 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Duxbury and Boston Stage, leaves City Tavern Wednesday and Satm-
day at 10 8. m.

Dudley and Boston Accommodation, leaves City Tavern Tuesday,
Thursday and Saturday, at 7 a. m. — dist. 58 m fare 2 87.

Eastern Mail, leave* Wildes' 45 Ann st. every morning at 2, and ar-
rives in Portsmouth at 10 a. m. and in Portland at 8 same evening—
diet. 120 m. — faie through 8 00.

East Cambridge and Boston, leaves 4.5 Brattle st. at 8, 10 and 12 a. m.
and 1,3, Sand 7 p. m.

Fitchburgh, Leominster, Lancaster and Boston Accommodation, leave*
Bngham's, 42 Hanover st. Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, and
arrives in Fifchburgat 3 p. m.

Francistown, Amherst, Nashua, N.H. and Boston, leaves Suffolk hotel
Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday morning?, at 7, and arrives in
Francistown same afternoon.

Gloucester and Boston mail, leaves City hotel every day except Sun-
day, at half past 11 a. m. and arrives in Gloucester, at 5 p.m.
fare 2 00.

Haverhill, Mass. and Boston Accommodation, leaves Wildes', Elm st
Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, at 10, 3. m. and arrives in Hav-
erhill, at 5 p. m. ; distance 30 miles — fare 1 50.

Hingham and Boston, leaveB No. 9 Elm it. every day except Sun-
day, at 4 p. m.

Jamaica Plains (Roxbury) and Boston, leaves Marlboru' hotel, at 10 a.m.
and 2 and 5 p. ra.

Lowell and Boston, leaves Wildes', Elm st. every day, Sunday except-
ed, at 2 p. m. — fare 1 25.

Lexington, West Cambridge and Boston, leaves 45 Brattle st. Mondays
Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays, at 4 p. m.

Marshfield and Boston mail, leaves City tavern, Wednesdays and Sat-
urdays, at half past 9 a. m. and arrives in Marshfield st 4 p. m. ; dis-
tance 33 miles — fare 1 75.

Marshfield, Scituate, Cohas«et, Hingham and Boston, leaves City tavern
Mondays, at 3 p. m. Wednesdays and Saturdays, at 9 a- ni.

Llarblchead and Boston, leave* City tavern e.very day, except Sunday,
at half past 4 p. m.

Mcdford and Boston, leaves Wildes', Elm st. every dny,exccpt Sunday,
at 12 noon, and half past 5 p. id.

STAGES. 215

Northampton and Boston Accommodation, lesves Boston Monday

Wednesday and Friday, at 11 a. m. and arrives in Northampton next

day at 6 p. m.
Newburyport and Boston, leaves Wildes' 45 Ann st. Tuesday,Thursday

and Saturday mornings at 8.
New Bedford and Boston mail, leaves Shepard's, Bromfisld ;t. Tues-
day, Thursday and Saturday, at 5 a. m. : dist. 60 miles— fare 3 00.
Newton V. F. and Brighton's Manufacturers1 Line, leaves Suffolk ho-
tel, Elm st. every day except Sunday, at 5 p. m.
Plymouth, Falmouth, Barnstable and Boston mail, leaves City tavern,

Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 4 a. m. — fare through 4 00.
Quincy and Boston, leaves No. 9 Elm st. every day except Sunday, at

half past 5 p. m.
Roxbury and Boston Heurly Coaches, {old line) leaves Marlboro' hotel

every day except Sunday, al 8 a. m. and continue to leave every

half hour, until 8 p. m.
Randolph and Boston, leaves Nn. 9 Elm st. Monday, Wednesday and

Satuiday, at 4 p. m.
6cituate and Boston Citizen's Stage, leaves Suffolk hotel, Elm'st. Tues-
day and Satuiday, at 2 p. m.
Salem and Boston Stage Coaches, leave City tavern every day Sunday

excepted, at 9 and half past 11 a. m, and 8, 4, 5 and 6 p. m.
Bcuth Boston and Boston Coach, leaves Washington Coffee House

Washington st. at 9 and 11 a. m. and 1, 3, 4 and 5 p. m.
Taunton and Boston Accommodation Stages, leave Shepard's, BrcmSeld

street, Monday, Wednesday and Friday, at 12 noon.

Another, new Line, leaves same place every day at 2 p. m.
Uxbridge and Boston, leaves Wildes*, Elm st. Tuesday, Thursday and

Saturday at noon — fare 2 00.
Accommodation Line, leaves Wildes', Elm si. Monday, Wednesday

and Friday, at 4 p. m,
Woburn and Boston, leaves No. 9 Elm si. Monday, Wednesday end

Saturday, at half past 4 p. m.
Weymouth and Boston, leares Wildes', 11 Elm st. Menday, Wednesday

and Saturday, fct 4 p. m.
Waltham, Watertown and Boston mail, leaves Wihles',11 Elm sf. every

day except Sunday, at 4 p.m.
Wakharn and Boston, leave Suffolk Hotel every day except Sunday, at

12, and 5 p. m.
Watertonn and Boston Accommodation, leave Suffolk Hotel and Wildes1

erery day except Sunday, at 12, and 5 p nj.

216 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

BOSTON AND LIVERPOOL PACKETS.

In the fall of 1827, a company was formed for estab-
lishing a line of Packets between Boston and Liverpool.
The first rate ships were provided, equal it is said, to
any ever built, for strength, swiftness and accommoda-
tion. These are commanded by experienced and skil-
ful navigators. A Packet sails from Boston on the 1st,
and another from Liverpool on the 20th of each month.
The Amethyst, Jabez Howes, master, commenced the
line b}r leaving Boston on the 1st of November, 1S27.
The first Packet left Liverpool for Boston on the 20th
of December. Mr. Geo. G. Jones, No. 41, India
Wharf, is their agent, to whom application may be made
for freight or passage.

A steam Boat runs during the summer season, be-
tween this city and Portland, Me. three times a week ;
fare $5.

A steam Boat also plies between Boston and Plymouth
three times a week.

During the warm weather a steam Boat runs be-
tween the city and Nahant, twice a day.

The Despatch Line of Packets between Boston and
New York, are seven or eight in number. One of
these vessels sail from the head of Long Wharf, every
Wednesday and Saturday.

CANALS.

Boston is entitled to the credit of projecting the first
canals in this country. As early as 1641, a Canal was
opened leading through the city, from the harbor on
the east, to Charles River on the west, separating North

CANALS, 217

Boston from the main peninsula. It is known by the
name of Canal Creek, is substantially built with stone
walls, and is of sufficient breadth to allow the Middle-
sex Canal boats to pass each other. The conveniences
it afforded in former times had been considerable ; but
it has become of so little use, that the city has deter-
mined on filling up the easterly end.

ROXBL'RY CANAL.

A navigable communication for small vessels, be-
tween Boston harbor and Roxbury was formerly enjoy-
ed, by means of a Canal, opened in 1796. It occupied
in part, the shore where Lewis' Ropewalks now stand,
and extended up to the Dorchester road. This Canal
has been filled up for several years, above Northamp-
ton-street.

MIDDLESEX CAXAL.

This Canal unites the water communication between
Boston and the Merrimack River, at the bend in Chelms-
ford. The first design of such a work, was originated
by public spirited individuals of this city as early as
17S9. The company was incorporated in 1793, and the
Canal constructed under the superintendance of Loammi
Baldwin, Esq. The expense of the work has been
about $520,000. The whole length of the Canal is 27
miles, 30 feet wide, and 4 feet deep. It commences at
the tide water in Charlestown and ascends 107 feet by
13 locks to the level of Concord River, (in this state,)
crosses its surface and descends 21 feet by 3 locks to
the Merrimack, little above Pawtucket Falls. The
locks are 90 feet long by 12 wide, and are constructed
of hewn stone in the most permanent manner. Boats of
19

213 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

24 tons, 75 feet long and 11 wide, can navigate this Ca-
nal. They are however generally smaller and are
drawn frequently by two horses at the rate of three
miles an hour, but in general, it takes 12 hours for the
common boats to pass from Boston to the Merrimack, a
distance of 30 miles. A raft one mile long, containing
800 tons of timber, has been drawn by two oxen, part
the way at the rate of one mile an hour. There is an
elegant passage boat for the accommodation of passen-
gers, which runs to Chelmsford three times a week
during the summer season ; fare 75 cents.

The Merrimack from Chelmsford is made boatable, a
distance of 55 miles by canals and locks. Boats first
pass the works at Wicassee Falls; then through the
Union locks and canals, over several falls ; thence over
Amoskeag Falls, 45 feet perpendicular heighth, 30 miles
from the head of Middlesex Canal ; thence over Hook-
sett Falls, 16 feet height, thence through Bow Canal,

25 feet height, to the upper landing in Concord, N, H,
The expense of these canals and locks has been rising
$110,000. .A vast quantity of timber, fuel, grain, &c.
the produce of a great extent of very fertile country is
annually brought through these canals to our market.
The toll in some seasons has amounted to upwards of
$25,000.

BANKS.

There are in the city 18 Banks, which employ a cap-
ital of $14,150,0.00. Tbe oldest is the Massachusetts
Bank, which was incorporated in 1785. Through all the
vicissitudes of commerce, foreign spoliations, the embar-
go, non-intercourse and war, and the more hazardous
chances of speculation since the Peace, these banks
have all maintained their credit; paying promptly, on
demand, the specie tor their bills.

BANKS. 219

tJNITEC 6TATES BRANCH BANK.
Stale 6t. cornet- of Wilson's Lane.

Commenced operations in Boston, Feb. 1817, and tha
amount of capital employed here is $l,500/)00.
Gardiner Greene, Pres. — Saml. Frothingham, Cashr.

The Loan and Pension offices are kept in the rear of
the saine building.

STATE BANK.
No. S3, Stat* itreet

Incorporated June 27, 1811.— Capital, $1,806,000.
E. A. Bourne, President. George Homer, Cashier.

BOSTON BANK.
iso. 46, State street.

Incorporated June 23, 1S12.— Capital, $900,000,
John T. Apthorp, President. — Joseph Chapman, Cashr.

MASSACHUSETTS BANK.
No. G4, State st.

Incorporated June 23, 1S12.— Capital, $S00,0OO.
William Parsons, President. — Samuel Payson, Cashi&r.

ITNION BANK.

No. 40, 6tate street.

Incorporated June 28, 1S12.— Capital, $S00,000.
Thos. L. Winthrop, President. — Chester Adams, Cashr.

KEW-ENGLAND BANK.
No. C7, State $t.

Incorporated Oct. lSl3.—Capital, 1,000,000.
Samuel Dorr, President Philip Marett, Cashier.

220 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

manufacturers' and mechanics' bank.

No. 41, State street.

Incorporated Feb. 18, 1814.— Capital, $750,000.
Isaac Stearns, President. James Dalton, Cashier.

SUFFOLK BANK.

No. 65, State st.

Incorporated Feb. 11, 1818.— Capital, $750,000.
Henry B. Stone, Prest. Matthew S. Parker, Cashr.

CITY BANK.

No, 63 State street.

Incorporated Feb. 23, 1822.— Capital, $750,000.
Geo. Brinley, President. — EJiphalet Williams, Cashier.

EAGLE BANK.

No. 19, Stole street.

Incorporated Oct. 21, 1822.— Capital, $500,000.
Titus Welles, President. J. J. Fisk, Cashier.

COLUMBIAN BANK.

No. 54, Slate st.

Incorporated Feb. 20, 1822. — Capital, $500,000.
Joseph Tilden, President. William Coffin, Cashier.

AMERICAN BANK.
No. 70, Slate st.

Incorporated in 1824.— Capital, 750,000.
Ceo. Odiorne, President. John S. Wright, Cashier.

COMMONWEALTH BANK.
No. 47, State st.

Incorporated Feb. 20, 1824.— Capital, $300,000.
J. Buffinton, President. . Charles Hood, Cashier.

INSURANCE COMPANIES. 221

GLOBE BANE.
No. 40, Slitt street.

Incorporated June, 1824. — Capital, $1,000,000.
Isaac C. Pray, President. — Charles Sprague, Cashier.

NORTH BANK.
No. 26, North Market street.

Incorporated June, 1S25 Capital, $750,000.

John Binney, President. Gurdon Steele, Cashier.

WASHINGTON BANK.

Washington ;t. corner of Beach st.

Incorporated in 1825.— Capital, $500,000.
Aaron Baldwin, President. — D. A. Sigourney, Cashier.

ATLANTIC BANE.
Stale sutet.

Incorporated in 1S28.— Capital, $500,000.
John Pickens, President. Benj. Dodd, Cashier.

FRANKLIN BANK.

South BostoD.

Incorporated in 1823.—Capital, $100,000.
Henry Gardner, President. — Marcus Whiting, Cashier.

INSURANCE COMPANIES.

There are eighteen Insurance Companies in this city,
the aggregate capital amounting to Jive and a half mill-
ions, which, for solidity and safety, is not surpassed by
any stock of the same description in the "United States.
Their capitals are generally entire and in many cases
will command a premium; the mode of investment is
restricted by the Legislature, and the amount which
they are authorized to take on anyone risk, is limited to
1ft*

222 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

ten per cent, on each respective capital. These restric-
tions have a tendency to give unbounded confidence in
their security, and the liberality which has always char-
acterized their business transactions, in the prompt pay-
ment of claims, cannot fail to draw business from all
quarters. There is one Insurance company not includ-
ed in the number above stated, who do business only for
the stockholders, on the principle of mutual loss and
profit.

The following is a list of the several Insurance Com-
panies, with the amount of capital annexed :

Massachusetts Mutual Fire Insurance Co.
capital not limited.

Fire and Marine " $400,000

- Hospital Life " 500,000

American » 300,000

Atlas « 300,000

.Boston Marine " 300,000

Boston « 300,000

Boylston Fire and Marine " 300,000

Columbian « 300,000

Commonwealth « 300,000

Franklin " 300,000

Globe Fire and Marine " 300,000

Manufacturer's " 300,000

Mercantile Marine « 300,000

Merchants' « 300,000

New-England Marine " 300,000

Suffolk « 300,000

United States »« 200,000

Washington Fire and Marine " 200,000

$5,500,000

IMPROVEMENTS. 22$

RECENT AN'D PROJECTED IMPROVEMENTS.

In surveying the general appearance of Boston, many
valuable changes are presented which show the pro-
gressive mdustry of the municipal authorities since 1322.
Although there are occasional murmurs concerniug tho
expenditure of money, the great mass of citizens must
approve of the plans which the City government have
canied into operation. The new Market and the ele-
gant edifices on either side, would do honor to any city
in the world. When prejudice lias grown cool, and each
individual contemplates this beautiful structure, and ful-
ly realizes its growing utility, a feeling of proud satisfac-
tion will pervade the city.

Within 10 years about 40 acres of made land has been
added to the terra firm a of Boston, and such has been the
advancement in the business of local improvements with-
in the last six years, that strangers who were once fa-
miliar with the city, scarcely recognize their former
haunts.

Congress appropriated eighty-seven thousand dollars
for a wall for the preservation of Deer island, in Boston
harbor, in 1S28. The work has been commenced, un-
der the immediate superintendance of Copt. Smith, the
engineer who constructed the wall round George's island.
It will probably require three years to complete the un-
dertaking. The city have deeded the land on which
the wall must stand to the General Government, and
leased the whole island to the engineer, till the labor 19
finished.

Private wealth and individual enterprize appears to be
extensively engaged in the general improvement of our
city and vicinity. Buildings are continually going up in
all parts, on a very extensive scale. Boston has long en-
joyed the reputation of being a neat city, and it bids fair

224 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

to gain the additional reputation of being a handsome
one. It is to be hoped that the spirit thus awakened
will extend to the final completion of the projected Rail-
ways, so essential to the future prosperity of the Me-
tropolis of New-England.

Among the recent improvements, we take pleasure
in mentioning those by the

BOSTON GAS-LIGHT COMPANf.

The erection of their works was commenced early
in the spring of 1828, and so far advanced as to com-
mence lighting in December following. The Gas
House which is situated on the westerly side of Copp'a
Hill near Charlestown Bridge, is constructed of brick,
and measures 160 feet by 40, which by a judicious ar-
rangement of the apparatus, is considered amply capa-
cious. The necessary apparatus, consisting of retorts,
with their various appendages, and a large gasometer,
containing 20,000 cubic feet, which is surrounded by a
strong curb or tank, of much larger capacity, is placed
at one end of the buildng having sufficient space for
another gasometer of the same size with the present,
should the demand of our citizens for gas require it.

ANCIENT BUILDINGS.

After having surveyed the more modern production?,
it may not be unacceptable to the visitor to take some
notice of the remains of antiquity, yet among us.

The house at the corner of Richmond-street, next
south of the New Brick church, is a specimen probably
of the first style of architecture introduced here, so far
as the shape of the roof is concerned. The building
next north of the same church is a specimen of the
succeeding fashion. It is shewn in plate, p. 124.

ANCIENT BUILDINGS.

225

There is probably only one building now standing
which was in existence prior to the great fire of" 1673.
That is the house in Moon-street, on the east side,
about midway from Sun-court to Fleet-street. It is a
well built wooden house, of three stories, of which the
two upper project, in the fashion of those times, almost
a foot and a half in front of the lower. It has been the
residence of the Mathers in their day, and is the pro-
perty of iheir descendants at the present time.

So far as we can discover, the next oldest building
is that at the corner of Ann-street and Market-square,
of which theie is some account in the History of
Boston, p. 156*.

^/^FHvi^^rr^^i^^^vi,,,;;;- «=• "

It was built in 16S0, and though it bears the mark of
its age on its front, should it stand a century longer, it

226 PICTUKE OF BOSTON.

would in all likelihood remain as firm as it is now, a
monument of the fidelity with which our forefathers
constructed their tenements for business and for habi-
tation.

In the same neighborhood, opposite the Golden Key
we find one or two more of the old fashioned structures
with projecting upper stories. One of these was lat-
terly occupied by Mr. William Homes, proverbially
** the honest silver-smith :" it was once the resort of
Franklin, who was a relative of the family; and if the
exterior should continue to appear less inviting than
(hat of some buildings in the vicinity, the owner, tho
occupant, and the observer may improve the considera-
tion, by reflecting that no one of them ever gave shel-
ter to a greater man than the latter, or a better than tho
former.

Between the Draw-bridge and the North-square, we
find, I think, but one of these ancient houses, and that
stands on a corner of Ann and Richmond streets. Ann
street, between those points, has been mostly destroyed
by fire within 60 years, and the buildings now partake
some what of the modern character.

Going north, we find four or five modern brick
bouses erected since the fire, at the foot of North-Sq.
in 1S07, and then come td the only neighborhood where
a sufficient number of ancient houses are clustered to-
gether to remind any one forcibly of the days of antiqui-
ty : this vicinity is also honorable, for it may be truly
said again,

u An honest silversmith Iivei here."

These old buildings, which are wooden, extend a little
below Sun Court-street, till we come to Lewis' build-
iugs, so called, which is a large four story brick block.

ANCIENT BUILDINGS.

227

in front of the hotel, which was formerly the mansion
house of the late Col. John May.

At the period when the last mentioned house waa
erected, the north end was a fashionable part of tho
town, and the site on which it stands was elevated, and
then afforded a commanding prospect. Its exterior now
shows that it was a substantial and elegant mansion,
and it is said to have been finished in a superior style,
to rival the mansion of the Clark family in Garden-
Court-street. The latter is also still remaining, and
the good taste of the owner has preserved its exquisite
beauties from the hatchet and brush of moderm im-
provements,

HASCOCK HOT7SE.

At the southerly part of the city we have the Bull
tavern at the bottom of Summer-street ; one or two old
buildings in Essex-street, the elder Dr. Byles' estate in
Common-street, and the Mansion Housjs of the late
Gov. Hancock, in Beacon-street-

22S

PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Besides these, the scrutinizing eye occasionally de-
tects some antique relic on buildings in several more re-
tired corners of the city. The sign of the Blue Ball
still marks the Franklin house, which disputes the honor
of giving birth to our self-taught philosopher, at the
corner of Union and Hanover streets. A small win-
dow in Prince-street, midway from Hanover to Salem
street, is worth a mile's walk, to one who never saw a
window IS inches bjr 12, with 9 panes of glass in leaden
sashes. The size of the bricks is to the connoiseur a
good criterion of the age of several buildings. Those
in the Old State House built in 1712, are smaller than
the older ones, and larger than those used after the fire
of 1T60.

CITY SEAL.

a BO STON1A lj!
kS& COOTITAiD),, *?/'

ENVIRONS. 229

ENVIRONS OF BOSTON.

Probably there is no city in the United States that
ean boast so many delightful villages, pleasant and
commanding eminences an'd retired watering places a?
Boston : villages and heights which present to the eye
the most delightful and enchanting scenery, whose
wholesome breeze enlivens and invigorates the frame
and makes the man of business cheerful. Some of the
towns are venerable for their age, and in-cresting, as
the theatres of revolutionary exploits.

SOUTH BOSTON.

This section of the metropolis is so located as to seem
to a stranger more like a part of the environs than like
an integral portion of the city. He will find here several
establishments in the manufacturing line which may be
examined with interest, and two public buildings.

The House of Industry and House of Correction,
which are two similar buildings, of rough dimension
stone, 229 feet long, 45 feet wide, and 29 feethigh, have
been mostly erected by the city government. The
establishment of the House of Correction \ra= authoris-
ed by a vote of ihe town on the 7th of May, 1321. It
wa? designed '• for the restraint and employ mem! of the
idle and viciou3 poor, for habitual drunkard-;, beggars,
and those condemned for potty offences, in the inferio;
courts -of justice. The House of Industry is destined
for the comfort, support, ami relief, and a3 far as they
are competent, for the employment of the viiluQuspoor,
anJ of those alone, v h> are reduced to rceb thi; refuge,

230 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

from misfortune or age or infancy.' The Institution for
the employment of Juvenile offenders is connected with
these establishments.

QTJN'CY AND THE RAILWAY.

The town of Quincy lies about 10 miles from Boston,
in a southerly direction ; bounded by Dorchester, Mil-
ton, Randolph, Braintree and Boston Bay, and is S 1-2
miles long by 7 1-2 broad. The most settled part is to-
wards the southeast, where there are two churches, sev-
eral stoics, a tavern, and a number of respectable dwel-
ling?. About half a mile from this village, north-west,
is the mansion of the late John Adams, Esq. second
President of the United States; and about one and a half
miles further northerly, is the country seat and highly
cultivated farm of the lion. Josiah Quincy. The south-
vest part of the town, from the Common, forms, with a
little exception, a general body of granite rocks, rising
to a height of 610 feet above the sea. Here are inex-
haustible quarries of granite, which furnish a durable
and beautiful material for building. From two of the
quarries a railway has been constructed through part of
Milton to the navigable waters in the Neponset river, a
distance of three miles, and is now in successful opera-
tion. The first quarry is called the Railway quarry,
and is about two miles from the river; the other is the
Bunker Hill quarry, so called from the circumstance
that the stone for the Bunker Hill Monument is taken

from this ledge.

The Quincy Railway, the first constructed in this
country, was built in 1S26, by the Quincy Railway

ENVIRONS. 231

Company, under the direction and superintendance of
Mr. Gridley Bryant; and cost, for the whole 3 miles,
$33,155,95, exclusive of land, wharf and cars. The cars
used here are constructed with a view to transport large
masses of granite on a platform under the axle of the
carriage, and in this manner some blocks have been con-
veyed weighing from 8 to 9 tons. The wheels are 6
feet in diameter, shod with iron 1-2 an inch thick, with,
a flange on the inner side of the rim, to keep the wheel
on the rail The daily load for one horse is from 8 to 12
ton?, placed upon two cars attached to each other, and
and the travel is at the rate of about 3 miles an hour. —
Upwards of 16 tons on three cars, and about twenty
workmen have been drawn, by way of experiment, the
whole length of the railway by a single horse, and the
empty cars, estimated to weigh nearly five tons, drawn
back with ease. The descent on the railway, in two
a half miles from the Bunker Hill quarry to where it
strikes the level on the marsh, is S3 feet, or 1 1-2 inch-
es to the rod^ but in some places the declivity is from 2
to 2 1-2 inches to the rod.

To the pedestrian or the inquiring stranger, visiting
our city, it will be pleasant to walk on the railway, and
follow its windings among the hills to the quarries, and
there view the extensive works put in operation. Be-
sides the satisfaction thus afforded, the romantic scene-
ry in the vicinity and on the route from Boston, through
Dorchester and Milton, will add much to the pleasure
of a ride to the Railway.

DORCHESTER.

The settlement of this town was commenced early in
June, 1630 : it was then called MaUapan by the In-
dians. It lies about four miles from the city, and i*

232 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

bounded northerly by the Neponset river and Mother
brook, which divides it from the towns of Quincy and
Milton; southwesteily by Dedham, and northwesterly
by Roxbury. The town is about 7A miles in length, and
averages about 1 1-4 in breadth. At present it contains
about 8000 acres, including Thompson and Moon islands.
The soil is generally rich and highly cultivated. The
loads are numeious and crooked, but mostly level and
kept in good repair. Many fine countr}' seats and sub-
stantial farm-houses are thickly arranged on their sides,
surrounded with fruit and other trees, which give a ve-
ry picturesque appearance to the face of the country,
The population amounts to about 40G0, They have a
(own house, three Congregational meeting-houses, and
one for Methodists. Their first church was gathered
Aug. 23, 1G36, and the Rev. Richard Mather chosen
pastor. Ke officiated 83 years, and died April 22, 1669,
aged 73. The Rev. Josiah Flint was ordained Dec. 27,
1871, and died Sept. 16, 1680, aged 35. Rev. John Dan-
forth was ordained June 28, 1682, and died May 26,
1730, aged 78. The Rev. Jonathan Bowman was or-
dained Nov. 5, 1729, and continued in the pastoral office
till Dec. 14, 1773; he died March 30, 1775, aged 68.
Rev. Moses Everett was ordained Sept. 28, 1774, and
continued till Jon. 14, 1793; he died March 25, 1813,
aged 63. Their present pastor, Rev. Thaddeus Mason
Harris, was ordained Oct. 23, 1793. A second church
was gathered Jan. 1, 1808, and on the 7th of Dec. fol-
lowing, the Rev. John Codman was ordained pastor. —
The third church was gathered June 25, 1817, and the
Rev. Edward Richmond installed pastor. At the north-
west part of Dorchester, near Roxbury, the land rises to
the height of 385 feet above the sea, affording a delight-

ENVIRONS. 233

ful view of the city, and harbor. Savin Hill, which lies
in the northeast corner of the town, is a place of consid-
erable resort, during the summer season.

ROXBVRT.

This town was incorporated Sept. 28, 1630. The
centre of the town is 2 1-2 miles from Boston market.
It is connected with Boston by the neck, over which
there is a confinued street, compactly built the whole
distance.

In the south west part is Jamaica Plain, which is
composed of a rich and productive soil, cultivated in a
great degree as gardens and orchards, and producing
vast quantities of vegetables and fruits of the first quali-
ty. This plain is about two miles in length and one in
breadth, on winch are a great number of country seats
and pleasure grounds. Here is a pond which supplies
the Boston aqueduct. The whole forms one of the
most delightful retreats in the vicinity of Boston. The
pouth east part of the town, including near one third
of its surface, is considerably broken and rocky. Much
of the town is compactly built, and nearly all the up-
lands are thickly interspersed with plantations.

Dr. Joseph Warren, Maj. Gen. in the armies of the
United States, and who was slain in the battle of Bunk-
er Hill, was a native of this town, as was also Increase
Sumner. Esq. late Governor of the Commonwealth. —
Governor Shirley had a fine seat here, lately -owned
and occupied by the late Gov. Eustis.

Here are at present three congregational societies ;
Rev. E. Porter, D, D. Rev. John Flagg, and Rev.
Thomas Gray,D. D. ministers; one baptist society, Rev.
Wm. H. Leverett, minister; and a universalist society,
Rev. Hosea Ballou 2d, minister.
20*

234 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

The Bank of Norfolk is located here, and an extensive
Hotel known by the name of

NORFOLK HOUSE.

It is about two miles from Boston, is situated on an
eminence surrounded by fruit trees and shrubbery, com-
manding a fine view of the city. The establishment is
large, has several parlors, about thirty lodging rooms,
and a splendid Assembly room, called Highland Hall.
A line of coaches runs from this place to Boston every
half hour through the day.

BROOKLINE,

Next to Roxbury on the west, was formerly consider-
ed part of Boston. This town contains about 4-100 acres
of land. Several gentlemen of Boston have their coun-
try seats here. The number of inhabitants by the last
census was 900. This town lies on the west of the bay,
and its hills and woodlands form a p'eaaing portion of
the scenery in the view from Boston Common. In a di-
rect line, Brookline is four miles from the city.

BRIGHTON

"\Va3 formerly part of the town of Cambridge and
known by the name of Little Cambridge. It lies be-
tween Cambridge and Brookline. A cattle fair was
-commenced here during the revolutionary war and lias
been increasing in importance ever since. Most of the
cattle for the supply of Boston market are brought in
droves to this place; often from 2 to S000 a week : eve-
ry Monday is the Fair day, when the dealers in provis-
ions resort thither to make their purchases. Once a
year, in the month of October, the Mass. Agricultural
pnoJfxfv encourao,e a Cattle Show and exhibition of Man-

ENVIRONS. 235

ufactures, by the offer and a^~rd of premium?, for the
best animals, products or articles u! specified descnp-
tions, produced in any part of this state. ,engfiton num-
bers 702 inhabitants.

CAMBRIDGE

Is celebrated as the seat of Harvard College. This
institution was founded in the year 1636, and received
its name from the Rev. John Harvard of Charlestown,
who made the first great donation to its funds. Since
that the benefactors of this institution have been numer-
ous and liberal. The College buildings are situated on
a delightful plain, three miles from Boston. They are,
University hall, which is built of granite. 140 by 50 feet,
on the ground, and 42 feet high. Harvard, Massachu-
setts, Hollis, Stoughton and Kolworthy halls, and Hol-
den chapel are all of brick: these buildings all stand
within the enclosure of the College fence. Besides
these there are a new stone building lately erected and
S College houses, occupied by students, the President's
house, and those of several of the Professors, and the
Medical College in Boston, all which belong to the Uni-
versity. Divinity Hall, for a Theological school, was
built in the vicinity of these buildings in 1826. Cambridge
contains about 5090 inhabitants, it has a Court-house,
Jail, State Arsenal, and 8 houses of publick worship. —
There are three principal villages, Lechmere's point,
Cambridgeport, and the neighborhood of the Colleges.

CHARLESTOWN.

This village, which contains about 7000 inhabitants,
is built on a peninsula similar to that of Boston, and is so
adjacent to North Boston, the stranger would be led to
suppose it a part of the city. Charlestown was settled

236 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

in 1630 by Gov. Winfhrop's company. It has Mystic
river on the east, over which Chelsea bridge, near one
mile in length, connects it with the Salem turnpike,
and with the town of Chelsea ; and Maiden bridge, o-
pened Sept. 23, 17SS, 2420 feet in length, connects it
with Maiden, and with the Newburyport turnpike. It
has a bay of Charles river on the west, and is a penin-
sula, connected with the main land by a narrow neck
on the nortli, over which a fine road leads to Medford
and Cambridge. This town has six houses for public
worship, an elegant market house, a spacious alms
house ; a bank, called the Bunker Hill Bank, and ma-
ny other public edifices. One of the principal Navy
Yards in the United States occupies near 60 acres, in
the south east part of the town. It is enclosed on the
north by a. wall of durable masonry, and surrounded on
other sides by water. On this space are enclosed a large
brick ware house, several arsenals, magazines of pub-
lic stores, a large brick mansion house for the superin-
tendant, and three immense buildings, each sufficiently
capacious to contain a ship of 100 guns, with all the sta-
ges and apparatus for its construction. A Dry Dock is
in progress at this place. It is 335 feet 6 inches long ;
and the chamber in which the vessels are to lie 201 feet
long, by SO feet wide, and of the depth of from 16 to 20
feet. The head of the chamber, the whole of which is
of hewn granite, is circular, and about 50 feet in width,
where the bows of the vessel come. The entrance is
Si feet in length, by 60 wide, built also of hewn granite.
The gates open outward, (like those of a canal lock,)
having an outer slide gate to break the motion of the
sea. The outer gate which is to slide in crevices on
either side, is made hollow so as to float when the water
is kept out of it, or sink when let in.

ENVIRONS. 237

The Massachusetts State Prison, erected in 1805, is
situated in the west part of this town. It is built of
granite, 200 feet long-, and 44 wide, and 5 stories high.
The yard is 500 by 400, enclosed by a wall 15 feet high.
There are usually about 200 convicts. The McLean
Asylum for the Insane, is also in this town, delightfully
situated on a beautiful eminence. Market Square is
one of the handsomest public squares in New-England.
June 17. 1775, the ever memorable battle of Bunker
Hill, was fought in this town. This battle, most bloo-
dy in its details, most important in its consequences,
fought on our soil, has consecrated the heights of
Charlestown to everlasting fame.

Bunker Hill is situated on the eastern part of the pen-
insula; and is 113 feet above the level of high water.
The redoubt and entrenchments which sheltered the
heroes of that bloody day, are still visible ; and a monu-
ment composed of the imperishable granite of our hills,
is rising en the battle ground, to point out the spot to
unborn generations.

BUNKER HILL MOM' ME NT.

The corner stone of this Obelisk was laid, by the
hands of the illustrious Lafayette, on the 17th of June,
1825. On this occasion an immense concourse of citi-
zens assembled from all parts of the United States, to
witness the interesting ceremonies. The depth how-
ever, at which it was hid, being insufficient to resist
the action of the frost, it was taken up, the foundation
sunk, the same relaid, and on the 21st of July, 1827, the
base, 50 feet in diameter, was completed. From this
base the monument is to rise 220 feet. This great
work is advancing under the superintendance of Mr.
Solomon V.'illard, the Architect.

233 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

CHELSEA

Is situated on the north side of Boston harbour and
Mystic river, and on the west of Lynn bay ; much of
the laud is low marsh or fen. The surface of the body of
the town is broken into small eminences, the highest of
which is Powder-Horn hill, 220 feet above the sea. The
settlements are thinly^scattered over the town, and the
number of inhabitants is about 700,

LVNK,

In the county of Essex, is one of the oldest towns in
the State of Massachusetts. Its settlement was besrun
in 1629. Its increase for the first j-ears was very rapid,
and many towns in New-England are indebted to it for
their origin. The first church was gathered in 1632,
and the Rev. Stephen Batchelor was admitted pastor.
He was dismissed in 1635, and in the following year
the Rev. Samuel Whiting was installed, whose colleague
for many years was the Rev. Thomas Cobbet. Mr.
"Whiting died in 1679, and was succeeded by Rev. Jere-
miah Shepard. Among the other early inhabitants who
sustained public offices with dignity and respect, were,
Hon. John Humfrey and Hon. Robert Bridges, Assist-
ants, and the Hon. John Burrill and Hon. Ebenezer
Burrill, Counsellors. In 1645, Iron Works were estab-
lighed at Lynn, on the river Saugus, and for several
years supplied most of the iron emplo}'ed by the colo-
nies. The principal business of the inhabitants is the
manufacture of Ladies' shoes, of which more than one
million pair are annually made. The other manufac-
tures are, sole leather, morocco, glue, and chocolate,
of which last, more than 70 tons are made in a year.
There is also a Dye House, a Calico Printing Estab-

ENVIRONS. 239

lishment. and a mill for sawing marble. A few of the
inhabitants are employed in sawing and hammering
stone, of which there are inexhaustible quarries ; and
some in catching fish, of which great numbers are taken.
Lynn is pleasantly situated on the northern shore of
Massachusetts Bay, with the river Saugus on the west,
and a range of hills on the north. It has a small and
convenient harbor, with several wharves. It is nine
miles from Boston and five from Salem, and contains
about 6000 inhabitants. The public buildings are, an
elegant hotel, a town house, a bank, a post office, eight
school houses, and six houses for public worship — two
Congregational, two Methodist, one Baptist, and one
Quaker meeting house. There is a Printing Office in
the town, from which a newspaper is issued, enti-
tled the Lynn Mirror. A turnpike from Boston to
Salem passes through the town, on which are two
bridges — one a draw bridge over Saugus river, and the
other a floating bridge across a pond in the eastern part
of the town, which may be regarded as a curiosity.
The town affords a great variety of pleasant prospects,
and sources of romantic amusement. Several of the
eminences are commanding — particularly High Rock,
near the eastern end of the Common, which fur-
nishes a beautiful view of the town, the harbor, and
several of the neighboring towns. There is also a steep
rock, of considerable elevation, partly surrounded by
tall trees, about half a mile north of the Hotel, called
Lover's Leap, which is consdered a romantic spot. A
mineral Spring, in the eastern part of the town, furnishes
waters which appear to be impregnated with iron, and
are said to be aperient and antiscorbutic. A convenient
Hotel, and a large pond adjacent, furnished with a boat,
render it an agreeable retreat. It is near the turnpike,

240 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

about two miles east from the Lynn Hotel, and not far
from the floating bridge. But the greatest curiosity in
the town, and perhaps in the United States, is the Lynn
Beach. It is a bar of sand, one mile and three fourths
in length, and connects the main land, with the penin-
sula of Nahant.

N AH ANT.

This place having become a fashionable resort during
the summer season for strangers and the citizens of Bos-
ton, it demands a particular description. It is a penin-
sula running 3 or 4 miles into the sea, and is situated 14
miles northeasterly from Boston. By land it is approach-
ed from the village of Lvnn over a beautiful beach of a
mile and n half in length. At the extremity of this be.ich
commences the peninsula, which is about two miles in
length, and in some parts half a mile broad, although its
shores are extremely irregular and indented with small
bays worn into the rocks by the unceasing action of the
waves. The surface is uneven, i ising in some places to
the elevation of sixty or seventy feet above the level of
the sea. The shore is very bold and presents, on all
sides, a grand embankment of broken massy rocks. At
several points these rocks are worn into fantastic shapes,
and at the time of high tide, or a swell of the sea, the
roar and foam, of the waters among them present a most
interesting spectacle. On the southern side there is a
curious grotto or cavern, called the swallow house, the
entrance of which is about ten feet wide, five feet high,
and seventy feet long, increasing after a few steps to
fourteen feet in breadth, and eighte'en or twenty feet in
height. Great numbers of swallows inhabit this cave,
and hatch their young here; and it is a common opin-
ion that they repose here in a toipid state during the
winter. On the north shore U a -h-.ism, thirty feci hi

ENVIRONS. 241

depth, called the spouting horn, into which, at about half
tide, the water rushes with tremendous violence. The
whole expanse of the ocean spreads out towards the east,
and, after a storm, the rolling waves come pouring in
their immense burden upon these rocks with such a
power, sublimity and uproar of contending elements as
can hardly be conceived by any one who has not wit-
nessed the scene. And again, when the sea is tranquil,
it may be seen covered with shipping of all sizes, as far
as the eye can extend, moving in different directions up
and down the coast, and exhibiting an animating picture
of the industry and activity of commerce. In short, for
picturesque beauty and sublimity of scenery, as well as
for the many advantages arising from its peculiar local
situation, the place is not surpassed by any on the Amer-
ican coast.

Nahant presents, besides a view of the ocean, a great
variety of other interesting prospects. On one side is
seen the village of Lynn, Swamscut, Phillips' Beach,
Marblehead, Egg Rock and the north shore as far as the
high land of Cape Ann — on the other, beautiful islands
in the bay, the deeply indented coast, with towns, orch-
ards, fields and forests, together with the dome and spires
of Boston in the distance, forming together a panorama
hardly to be equalled in beauty or variety.

Additional improvements are annually made to ac-
commodate visitors, who have within a few years be-
come very numerous, and those of the most fashionable
class. A spacious and elegant stone edifice has been e-
rected as a hotel, near the extremity of the peninsula,
in a very commanding and pleasant situation. This
building contains 70 chambers, constructed on a plan of
peculiar convenience, both for families and single per-
sons. The dining hall is sufficiently spacious to accom-
21

242 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

modate 150 persons at (able, besides which there are
drawing rooms and private parlors. Large and commo-
dious stables are appended to the hotel, and a bathing
house for warm and cold baths, and floating baths for
those who may prefer the bracing action of sea water,
make a part of the establishment. The hotel is sur-
rounded by piazzas, which afford a most delightful pros-
pect in every direction, and receive the cool and refresh-
ing breezes every part of the day. This establishment
is owned by Dr. Edward II. Bobbins, of Boston.

In a small village a quarter of a mile from the hotel,
are several private boarding houses, where every ac-
commodation can be had for invalids, and for those who
seek retirement.

Nahant has many amusements — angling with the rod
may be enjoyed as a pleasant recreation, standing on the
rocks, and those who would try their skill in taking larg-
er prey, may go out in boats, which are always in read-
iness, and furnished with suitable apparatus. Game too
is abundant in the vicinity; but there are few amuse-
ments or pleasures superior to that of riding, at suitable
hours of the day, on the beach.

A beautiful building in imitation of a Grecian temple,
stands on an eminence near the hotel, in which are two
elegant billiard rooms. There are also convenient cov-
ered bowling alleys, and such other means of amuse-
ment as are usually connected with the most extensive
and elegant establishments at watering places.

REVOLUTIONARY FORTS.

Foits aiound Boston which were erected during the
War of Independence.

More than half a century has elapsed since these
lines were erected, and it is desirable to have some re-
cord by which posterity may know, how much they

REVOLUTIONARY FORTS. 243

have suffered, during- that period by the war of the el-
ements, and by the hands ot men. The first cause of
destruction has been trifling, but tbe storms of a thou-
sand years would not have achieved the injury which
ha3 been committed by the industrious farmers.

1. At Breed's Hill, that blood-stained field, the re-
doubt thrown up by the Americans is nearly effaced ;
(scarcely the slightest trace remains ; but the entrench-
ment, which extended from the redoubt to the marsh,
is still marked by a slight elevation of the ground. —
The redoubt thrown up by the British on the summit
of the hill, may be easily distinguished.

2. Bunker Hill. The remains of the British fort are
visible, the works must have been very strong, and oc-
cupied a large extent of ground — they are on the sum-
mit and slope of the hill looking towards the peninsula.

3. Ploughed Hill. The works upon this hill were
commenced by the Americans on the night of August
26th, 1775, and received more fire from the British than
any of the other forts; in a few days, more than three
hundred shells were fired at these fortifications. A
small part of the rampart remains, but the whole hill is
surrounded b}' the mounds and fosse of the ancient
fort, which has been nearly obliterated.

4. Cobble or Barrell's Hill was fortified and occu-
pied as a strong post, in the war of the revolution by
Gen. Putnam, and, in consequence of its strength, was
called Putnam's impregnable fortress.

5. Lechmere Point Redoubt, one hundred yards from
Craigie's bridge, displays more science in its con-
struction, and has a wider and deeper fosse than mo^t of
the other fortifications. It was commenced on Dec.
1 1th, 1775, and it was several days before it was com-
pleted, during which time it was much exposed to the

244 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

fire of the English in Boston. Two or three soldiers of
the revolutionary army were killed at this redoubt, and
the Prunus virginiana, with its red berries, marks the
spot where they were probably interred.

A causeway made across the marsh, the covered way
which crosses the brow of the hill, and the lines which
flanked Willis' Creek, are still perfect, and may be
traced with great facility.

6. Winter Hill Fort appears to have been the most
extensive, and the entrenchments more numerous, than
any of the other positions of the American Army. The
fort on the hill is almost entirely destro}-ed: only a small
part of the rampart still remains perfect.

A redoubt situated upon Ten Hill Farm, which com-
manded the navigation of the Mystic river, is complete,
as are also some slight entrenchments near.

A redoubt, situated between Winter and Prospect

Hill, has been completely carried a\va}r, and a quarry

ias been opened on the spot. Gen. Lee is said to

ave had his head quarters in a farm house knmsdiate-

y in the rear of this redoubt.

7. Prospect Hill has two eminences, both of which
vere strongly fortified, and connected by a rampart and
osse ; about two hundred yards are quite enth e.

8. Forts marked No. 3, on Marshall's map, near the
>. W. of Prospect Hill have some of their bastions entire,
iut the surface is cultivated, and part of the outline de-
troyed.

9. The Cambridge Lines, situated upon Butler's Hill,
ppear to have consisted of six regular forts, connected
>y a strong entrenchment. The most northerly of these
orts is pel -feet, with the exception of one of its angles
estroyed by the road, it appears as if just quitted by the
.rmy of America; its bastions are entire, the outline is
lerfect, and it seems a chef d'oeuvre of the military art.

REVOLUTIONARY FORTS. 245

A square fort may be seen near the southern extrem-
ity of these lines, in fine preservation: it is in a field
within two hundred yards of the road to Cambridge.

10. The second Line of Defence may be traced on
the College green at Cambridge, but its proximity to
the Public Halls may have produced some inconven-
ience, and it has been carefully destroyed.

11. A semicircular battery, with three embrasures,
on the northern shore of Charles river, near its entrance
into the Bay, is in a perfect state of preservation. It is
rather above the level of the marsh, and those who would
wish to see it, should pass on the road to Cambridge, un-
til they arrive at a cross road, which leads to the bank of
the river; by following the course of the stream, they
may arrive at this battery, without crossing the marsh,
which is its northern boundary and difficult to pass.

12. Broolrfine Fort, or, as it is called in the tnnalsof
the Revolution, the Fort on SewalPs Point, was very
extensive, and would be still perfect, were it not for the
road which divides it into two nearly equal parts; with
this exception, the ramparts, and an irregular bastion,
which commanded the entrance of Charles river, are
entire.

13. A Battery, on the southern shore of Muddy riv-
er, with three embrasures, is only slightly injured.

14. A Redoubt placed by Marshall to the westward
of this position, has not been discovered, nor three oth-
ers, placed on the map between Stony brook and the
forts at Roxbury ; perhaps the researches were not suf-
ficiently accurate.

Two hundred yards north of the lower fort at Rcxbu-
rv, near the spot on which the meeting-house now
stands, was an entrenchment, which was levelled ma-
ny years ago.

21*

246 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

15. Thefc rt at Roxbury, appears to have been the earli-
est erected, and by its elevation commanded the avenue
to Boston over the isthmus, and prevented the advance of
the English troops in that direction. It is of the most
irregular form ; the interior occupies about two acres of
ground, and as the hill is bare of soil, the places may
still be seen whence the earth was taken to form the
ramparts. This fortification has not been at all injured,
and the embrasures may still be noticed where the can-
non were placed which fired upon the advanced lines of
the enemy.

On a higher eminence of the same hill, is situated a
quadrangular fort, built on the summit of the rock.

16. The Roxlniry lines, about three quarters of a mile
in advance of the forts, and two hundred yards north of
the town, are still to be seen on the eastern side of the
peninsula, and may be distinguished by any person c-o-
ing by the nearest road to Dorchester, over Lamb's dam.

17. At this period it may be proper to mention the
British fortifications. The lines upon the Neck may
be seen to great advantage on the western side of the is-
thmus, about a quarter of a mile south of the Green
Stores. There appear to have been two lines of en-
trenchments carried quite across the peninsula, and the
fosse, which was filled at high water, converted Boston
into an island. The mounds, ramparts, and wide ditches
which remain, attest the strength of the original works.
The small battery on the common, erected by the Brit-
ish, may perhaps remain for a long period of years, as a
memorial of ancient times.

38. The Dorchester Lines. Of these, some very
slight traces may be distinguished.

19. Forts on Dorchester Heights. We now hasten to
the last forts, the erection of which terminated the

REVOLUTIONARY FORTS. 247

contest in this portion of the Eastern States of America.
It is to be regretted that the entrenchments thrown up
by the army of the revolution, on the Heights of Dor-
chester, are almost entirely obliterated by the erection
of two new forts in the late war. But some traces of
the ancient works may be seen on both hills ; the old
forts were constructed with more skill, and display more
science than the recent works, the ramparts of which
are even now falling down ; and we would gladly see
them destroyed, if from their ruins the ancient works
could re-appear.

20. A. noble octagonal fort, and two batteries, which
may be seen, in perfect preservation, upon the promon-
tory, were erected after the departure of the English
from Boston. The fort is situated at the point: one battery
in the rear of the House of Industry, whose inmates will
probably soon destroy it, and the other upon a rising
ground immediately below the Heights of Dorchester.

21. At JVooh Hill near the Boston Free Bridge, was
the last breastwork thrown up by the forces of America,
during this arduous contest. Its appearance on the
morning of March 17, 1776, induced the departure of
the British troops from Boston in a few hours, and thus
placed the seal to the independence of the New-Eng-
land States.

If these fortresses should be regarded with indiffer-
ence, let us consider that the siege of Boston was one
of the most prominent features in the war of the revo-
lution. In a militarj7 point of view it presents conspic-
uous features : an island, or rather a peninsula, besieged
from the continent. Accomplished generals, and brave
and disciplined troops on one side, and undisciplined,
but numerous forces on the other. At the same time,
the army of England did all that men, in such a condi-

248 PICTURE OF BOSTON.

tion. could attempt. If they had obtained possession
of any part of the lines, by the sacrifice of an im-
mense number of lives, still no advantage could have"
been gained by advancing into a country where every
man was a foe, and every stone wall a rampart, and ev-<
cry hill a fortress. When we examine the extent of
the lines, (more than twelve miles,) the numerous forts
covering every hill, redoubts and batteries erected upon
every rising ground, ramparts and entrenchments de-
fending every valley, we are surprised at the immensi-
ty of the works constructed, and the labor required to
complete them.

Many centuries hence, if despotism without, or anar-
chy within, should cause the republican institutions of
America to fade, then these fortresses ought to be de-
stroyed, because they would be a constant reproach to
the people ; but until that period, they should be pre-
served as the noblest monuments of liberty.

INDEX.

249

IxYDE X.

Abolition day 193

American academy 43
Amphilhealie 190
Amusements 1S6

Ancient buildings 224, cut 225

Aniiiversai ies 195

Apollo society 67

Apprentices' library 48

Ai mories 74

Anilkry, ancient k. Jion. 1C4

Ai-buiv connection 170

Assessors 27

Asylum, female orphan 54

Athenaeum 40, plate 192

Auditor, city 20

Avenue, western 98

Bant, United States 87

Banks, list of 21 S

Baptistery 142, 172

Bells, chime of 1S5

Bellingham, gov's, monunrt 179

Boarding houses 209

Boston li'.naty society

Bouiidaiies ol Boston

Boylston niai ket 85

Bridges 91

llii-htou 234

Fail 199

Biitish charitable society 59

Biookline 234

Buildings public 70

Burial tTf dead 3")

Bir.ial s;i ounds 176

Bunker" hill 237

Cadets, independent 1 C5

Gambiidge 235

Canals, Uox. &. Middlesex 21T

Canal creek 217

Canal bi idge 97

Capital of banks 21 8

Ca.Lle island US

Common burial ground 179
Cemeteiies 180
Cenotaph, Franklin 178
Cenliaf wharf 113
Centinel, Columbian 49
Charles river bridge 91
Chariest own 235
Chapel burial gtound 176
Charitable societies 52
Chauncy hall 90
Chelsea'238
Chris: mas day 199
Chuiches 121

1 Chauncy place 121 plate, 124

2 Second \23, plate 124

3 First baptist 124

4 Old south 12G, plate 153

5 Kings chapel 121. plate 124

6 Brattle street 129, plate 144

7 New noith 130

8 New south 131, plate 153

9 Chiist church 133, plate 133

10 Fedeialst.cong I36,pft. 153

11 Hollis st. 15~. plate 138

12 Tiinily 138.old house pit. 133

13 West church 140

14 Second baptist 1-il

15 First universalist 143

16 Roman catholic 144, pit. 144

17 St. Augustine's 145
13 Fiist methodist 146

19 Second methodist MS

20 So. Boston methodist 149

21 Afiican methodist 149

22 Sea s'icet church 151

23 Afiican baptist 151

24 Third baptist 152

25 Park street 153, plate 153

26 Hawes place 155

27 St. Matthew's 156

2c Second universalist 167

250

PICTURE OF BOSTON.

Churches, 158

29 New Jerusalem 158

30 Presbyterian 153
SI Union church 159

32 St. Paul's 160, plate 138

33 Central univer. 162, plate 144

34 Evangelical, So. Boston 163

35 Gieen street 164

36 Chamber street 167

37 Hanover 168, plate 144
33 Purchase street 169

39 African ehenezer 170

40 Second christian 171

41 Federal street baptist 171

42 Pine stieet 172, plate 124

43 Salem church 173

44 South Congregational 174

45 Mission house 175

46 Cential wharf 175

47 Mariners' church 175

48 Fiiend street 175

49 Southend methodist 175

50 So. Boston baptist 175
Croswell, Andiew's chuich 143
Oil dilating libraries 46
Circus, 190

City council 24

clerk 24

City tavern 207

Clc'ik of common council 25

Columbian libiaiy 46

College 236

Commencement day 193

Commercial coffee house 107

Common 20

Common council 24

Concert hall £9

Constables 31

Coiinlhian hall 89

Copp's hill huiial giound 177

Copp's hill 18

Correction, house of 81

Cotton, rev. John 13

Court, police 31

Courts, supreme 22

Court house, court square 59, 79

Court house, old 82

Craigie's biidge 97

Custom house 83, plate 84

Deer island 118, 223

Doi Chester 231

Dawes' family tomb 176

Debtors' prison £1

Deeds, icgister of 32

Debating society, Boston G4

Franklin 64

Descendants of Calvin, kc. 17

Dispensary, medical, 54

District officers 22

Domestic, female society 57

Earl's coffee house 206

Election days 197

Elli>, Joshua Esq.'s house 15

Emporium, literary 16

English high school 37

Environs 229

Exchange coffee house 205

Exhibitions, N. E. society 61

Fancuil hall 73, plate 84*

Fast days 197

Fire department 29

Fire society, charitable 52

Forts, warren k. lndepcn. 14 242

revolutionary 243

Foundation of the city 13
Fianklin monument 178

Free biidge So. Boston 100
French protestant chuich 128
Fusiliers, independent 186
Gage Gen. head quaiteis 130
Galieiy of fine arts 42
Ga* light company 224
George's island 117, 223
Government, city 22
Governors' island 113
Grammar school 35
Granaiy burial ground 178
Guards, New England 136

City 186

Hall boylston* 86
Halls various 89, 90
Handel & haydn society 65 CS
Hancock house 72, cut 227
Hai bour described 14
Harvard college 236
Health department 23
Heait of the city 20
Hills in the city 13
Historical society 44
Hotels 199

INDEX. 231

H*>«pital, mass. sen. I04,cut 104 HJarlboro' hotel 206

J marine 108 May day 197

Hou=e of industry 23, 229 Mayor and aldermen 23

"forjuvenile'olVendeis29, 229 Mercantile library 48

0t coneclion 28, 223 Mechanic association, mass. 53

Howard benevolent society 54 Mechanics, Boston institution 02

Humane society 52 Medals, collection of 42

Hutchinson Lt. Gov's, house IE Medical society, mass. 57

Improvements 223 asso. Boston 53

Independence day 198 Medical college 103

India whaif 113 * Messenger, duties of 26

Indigent boys asylum 55 Merchants' hotel 207

Industry, house of 229 Meichants' hall S3, plate 84

Infirmary, eye k. ear 56 Methodist ministers, list of 150

Infant schools 40 Mill corporation b. &. r. 98

Infantrv.Boston light 1R6 Military affairs 133

In-ane asylum 107* Missionary rooms 169

Insurance" offices 221 Monument B. hill 237, p late 235

Islands, pi'mcipal ones 15,117 Moorhead rev. John 136

Jail, county SO Mozart society 63

Jaivis.dr. charles monument 173 Municipal comt 31, 81

Johnson isaac 80 Museum, Columbian 192

Judge, municipal, his salary 31 New England 193

Juli'en hall &9 Nahant hotel 24l,plote 234

Laboratory of arms 183 Names of the Schools 33

Land, made, proportion of 223 Navy Yard 237

Latitude of the city 13 New-England Society 60

Latin grammar school 38 News Letter, fiist paper 49

Lectures, mech. institute G3 Newspapers, list of 50

Lemerciei,andrew lev. 129 Xcw brick church 124

Libraries circulating 46 New testament chris. 171

Lihert)' tree hotel 208 Xew-year's day 193

Light house island 119 Nix'sMate 119

Livcipool, said to resem. Boston Noddle's island 119

Liverpool line 216 [16 Norfolk house 234, p/ore 233

Lodges, masonic meetings 79 Z<Torth Boston 17

Long wharf 112 Number of scholars 39

Lynn, town of 238 Number worshipping assemblies

Maclean asylum 107 Nuns, Uisuline 1-io [175

Magazines, 'list of 50 Old north church 124

Manifesto church 129 Old brick 122

Map of environs, plate 22? Overseers of poor 27

Market, Fan. hall 75. citv 87 of house of correc. 28

boylston 85, Packets 216

parkmaii's 87 Phipp's, Gov. house 18

Marine ho-pital 108 Physician, resident 30
Mother dr. samuel 123, 142 Prdice court 31
Masonic hall 79 Pond on the common 21
Marshal, city 25 Probate court 32
dis'tiict22 Public schools 33

252

INDEX.

Primary schools 34

Paintings, exhibition of 43

Periodicals 49

Phai macy, college of 53

Philharmonic society 67

Prison discipline society 67

Piisoners' fare 82

Post-Office 85

Pantheon hall 90

Prison point bridge 98

Presbyterian Iiish church 186

Pews, square 128

Paine's R. T. lesidence 172

Plan of the city, plate, 12

Quarantine department 30

hospital 103

laws 111
Quakers' meeting 128
Quincy 230

Russell, Benjamin, editor 49
Religious L moral society 55
Refuge, penitent females' 56
Reading room, TopliflT's 84
Rainsford island 109
Railways, marine 115
Rangers 186
Railway, Quincy 230
Roxburj 233
Revolutionary Forts 243
Streets, list of 9

Shawmul, Ind'n name Boston 13
Selectmen, foimer 16
South end, 19
South Boston, 19, 229
Suffolk county, 21
School Committee, 27
Solicitor, city 31
Streets, superintendan! of 32
Sabbath School?, 40 136
Sabbath School Depository 172
Savings Institution provident 55
Societies various, dates of 68
Slate-house new, 71 jylate J

old, 78 plat". 84

Sabine lev. M'.'s church, 8G
South Bridge, Boston 96
Shirley Point 119
Sandemanian society 113
Sumner, (jov.'s monument 179

Sullivan, Gov.'s tomb 179

South end Burial ground 180

Soul of Soldiery 186

Shot in wall of Braille st. chh. 130

Smith, eldei Elias 171

Statue of Washington 181 pit. 192

Squanlum feast 198

Stages, list of 200

Steamboats 216

Seal of the city 228

State Prison 237

Tiimountain, 1st Eng. name of

the city 13
Trcasuiei, city 25
Thayei G. F. school 90
Trade &. commerce 112
Telegraph, marine 113
Tombs, number of 181
Theatie, Boston 1ST plate 192

Washington or city 190

Tremont Theatre, \90 plate 192

House 200 plate 238

Tract Depositoiy lti9
Thayei, Rev. John 145
Training days, 199
Thanksgiving days, 199
Taverns, list of 208
U. States Blanch Bank 87
Ursuline community 145
Unitarian Liturgy 127
Vassall's Monument I77j
Win! hi op, Gov. anivej 13, his

tomb 176
West Boston 19
Ward officeis 28
Watch, captain of 32
Wiiting Schools, 35
Washington, port' ait of 7S

bij th day 196

bust 134

statue 1 81. plale,\ 92

Theatie 190

hall 90

Light Inf. co 186
West Boston Bridge 95
Wan en biidge itil
Wharves 112
Winsiow Blues 186

This book is a preservation facsimile.

It is made in compliance with copyright law

and produced on acid-free archival

60# book weight paper

which meets the requirements of

ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (permanence of paper)

Preservation facsimile printing and binding

Acme Bookbinding

Charlestown, Massachusetts

2005

BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY

3 9999 05266 708 4

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Full text of "Bowen's picture of Boston, or, The citizen's and stranger's guide to the metropolis of Massachusetts, and its environs"

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