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Brandeis  Review 


Fall  1982 


Volume  3 


Number  1 


Brandeis 
Elects 
New 
President 


What 

Has  Gone 

Wrong 

with 

America's 

Rehigee 

Pohcy 


What  the 

New 

President 

Should 

Know 

About 

Brandeis 


Musicals 
of  the 
''Me 
Generation" 


Brandeis  Review 


Fall  1982 


Volume  3 


Number  1 


Brandeis 
Elects 
New 
President 


What 

Has  Gone 

Wrong 

with 

America's 

Refugee 

Pohcy 


What  the      Musicals 

New  of  the 

President     ''Me 

Should  Generation" 

Know 

About 

Brandeis 


Evelyn  E.  Handler 
Elected  Brandeis' 
Fifth  President 


when  the  Board  of  Trustees  emerged 
from  an  executive  session  October  14, 
its  members  had  elected  Evelyn  E. 
Handler  as  the  University's  fifth 
president.  She  is  the  first  woman  to 
hold  that  position  at  Brandeis. 

After  President  Bernstein  announced 
last  year  his  intention  to  resign  in 
1983,  a  search  commmittee  was 
constituted  with  Trustee  Paul 
Levenson  ('52)  as  its  chairman. 
Composed  of  20  members, 
representing  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
faculty  and  students,  the  committee 
reviewed  scores  of  candidates  and 
recommended  Mrs.  Handler  to  the 
Board  of  Trustees.  After  the  decision, 
Mr  Levenson  commented:  "We  have 
concluded  that  Dr.  Handler  has  the 
qualities  and  abilities  needed  to  lead 
this  distinguished  institution." 

That  same  confidence  was  expressed 
by  Dr  Henry  L.  Foster,  chairman  of 
the  Board:  "Her  record  as  a  capable 
administrator,  her  strong  academic 
background  and  her  deep  concern  for 
educational  values,  make  her  ideally 
suited  to  succeed  President  Bernstein, 
who  has  given  Brandeis  such  able 
leadership  since  1972." 

Commenting  on  her  appointment, 
Mrs.  Handler  noted:  "The  presidency 
of  Brandeis  University  offers  a  unique 
opportunity  to  serve  higher  education. 
I  am  very  proud  to  accept  this 
position.  ..." 

Born  in  Budapest,  Hungary  in  1933, 
Evelyn  Handler  came  to  the  U.S.  with 
her  family  in  1940  and  was  educated 
at  Hunter  College.  She  received  her 
master's  and  doctoral  degrees  in 
biology  from  New  York  University  in 
1962  and  1963,  respectively,  and  began 
teaching  at  Hunter  College  in  1962 
where  she  was  named  professor  of 
biological  sciences  in  1975.  Her 
research  on  blood  cell  formation  in 
the  leukemic  state  was  supported 
by  five  major  National  Science 
Foundation  and  National  Institutes  of 
Health  grants.  Named  dean  of  the 
Division  of  Sciences  and  Mathematics 
at  Hunter  College  in  1977,  she  served 
in  that  position  until  elected 
president  of  the  University  of  New 
Hampshire  in  1980. 


In  her  first  year  as  president  of  New 
Hampshire's  land  and  sea  grant 
university,  she  launched  the  largest 
capital  fund-raising  campaign  in  the 
school's  history.  During  her  tenure, 
she  also  initiated  a  master  plan  review 
of  the  University's  priorities  and 
completed  a  major  curriculum  review 
of  the  academic  programs. 

She  is  married  to  Eugene  S.  Handler,  a 
biologist.  They  have  two  sons. 

Evelyn  Handler  will  assume  the 
presidency  of  Brandeis  University  in 
July  1983. 


Brandeis  Review 


Contents 


Fall  1982 


Volume  3 


Number  1 


Editor 

Nada  Samuels 

News  Editor 
lerry  Rosenswaike 

Writers 

lohn  P.  Redgate,  ]i. 
Debra  Schatz 

Sports  Editor 

Rack  Brown 

University  Photographer 

Kevin  H.  Strauss 

Design  Director 

Dietmar  R.  Winkler 

Designer 

Darlene  Fenera 

Production  Coordinator 

Shirley  Meymaris 

Alumni  Editorial  Board 

Nina  L.  Baron  '77 
Ellen  Feinberg  Blitz  '76 
Barbara  Krasin  Kravitz  '57 

Director  of  Alumni 
Relations  and  the 
Alumni  Fund 

Gladys  R  lacobson 


What  the  New  President  2-3 

Should  Know  About  Brandeis 

From  the  President's  Desk 
by  Marver  H.  Bernstein 

What  Has  Gone  Wrong  4-8 

With  America's  Refugee  Policy 

The  Relationship  of  Immigration 
Policy  to  Foreign  Policy 
by  Lawrence  H.  Fuchs 

Brandeis  Today:  9-12 

A  Student's  Perspective 
New  Concerns  Face  Today's 
Undergraduates 
by  Kriss  Halpern 

Digging  in  the  Negev:  13—15 

A  Brandeis  Archaeological 

Adventure 

by  Martha  A.  Morrison 


Freshmen:  20-21 

Introducing  the  Class  of  '86 


Cover  photo:  From  the 
Museum  of  the  City  of 
New  York 


Musicals  of  the 

"Me  Generation" 

The  Message  from  Broadway 

by  John  Bush  Jones 


16-19 


Yiddish  Holocaust  Poetry 

Translated  by  Students 

22-23 

Alumni  Profile:                               24-26 
Survival  a  la  Rena  Blumberg  '56 

The  Ashton  Graybiel  Spatial 
Orientation  Laboratory 

27 

University  News 

30-^1 

The  Office  of  Career  Planning 
Expands  Its  Services 

28 

Athletics 

29 

Alumni  in  the  News 

33 

Brandeis  Bookshelf 

34 

Faculty  Notes 

35-38 

Class  Notes 


39^3 


Board  of  IVustees 


Henry  L.  Foster 
Chairman 

Edwin  E.  Hokin 
Vice -Chairman 

Irving  Schneider 
Vice -Chairman 

Stephen  R.  Reiner  '61 
Secretary 

Nathan  S.  Ancell 
Treasurer 


Marver  H-  Bernstein 
President  of  the 
University 


George  Alpert 
Manlyn  H.  Appel  '54 
Rena  Blumberg  '56 
Robert  S.  Boas 
Alva  T.  Bonda 
Sol  C.  Chaikin 
Arthur  G.  Cohen 
Donald  |.  Cohen  '61 
Maurice  M.  Cohen 
Arnold  R.  Cutler 
Leonard  L.  Farber 
Stanley  H.  Feldberg 
Joseph  F.  Ford 
Charles  H.  Goodman 
William  Haber 
Jacob  Hiatt 
Dona  S.  Kahn  '54 
Milton  Kat2 
Dudley  F  Kimball 
Jack  K.  Lazar 
Paul  Levenson  '52 


Joseph  M.  Linsey 
Martin  Peretz  '59 
Norman  S.  Rabb 
Gustav  Ranis  '52 
Harry  Remis 
Walter  A.  Rosenblith 
Madeleine  H.  Russell 
Michael  J.  Sandel  '75 
Carl  J.  Shapiro 
Robert  Shapiro  '52 
Malcolm  L.  Sherman 
Cynthia  Shulman 
Dolores  K.  Solovy  '55 
David  E  Squire 
Melvin  M.  Swig 
Sigmund  Wahrsager 
Sanfordl.  Weill 
Lawrence  A.  Wien 
Paul  Ziffren 


TYustees  Emeriti 

Leonard  Bernstein 
Hal  Davis 
Maurice  B.  Hexter 
Irving  Kane 
Joseph  L.  Mailman 
William  Mazer 
Maunce  Saltzman 
Samuel  Schulman 
David  Schwartz 
Jacob  Shapiro 
Richard  G.  Shapiro 
Theodore  H.  Silbert 
Harry  H.  Stone 
Robert  L.  Wolfson 
Morris  B.  Zalc 

Abram  L-  Sachar 
Chancellor  Emeritus 


Faculty  Representatives         Student  Representatives 


James  E.  Haber 
Robert  C.  Hunt 
Denah  L.  Lida 
Richard  S.  Weckstein 


John  Jamoulis  '83 
Jane  Rubinstein  '84 
Leslie  E  Brown  'G 


The  Brandeis  Review 

Vol2,  No,5.  Fall  1982. 

The  Brandeis  Review  (ISSN 

0273-7175)  IS  published  by 

Brandeis  University, 

415  South  Street,  Waltham, 

Massachusetts  02254 

with  free  distribution  to 

34,000  alumni,  students, 

tnends,  parents,  faculty  and 

staff. 


Postmaster:  Send  address 
changes  to  The  Brandeis 
Review,  Brandeis  University, 
415  South  Street,  Waltham, 
Massachusetts,  02254. 


Statement  of  Reaffirmation  by 
the  President  and  Board  of 
Trustees  of  the  University's 
Commitment  to  Equal  Em- 
ployment Opportunity  and 
Affirmative  Action 


In  their  original  statement 
dated  July  3,  1975.  the  Presi- 
dent and  Trustees  set  forth 
the  University's  policy  on 
Equal  Opportunity  and  Affir- 
mative Action  As  President 
of  Biandeis  University,  I 
should  like  to  reaffirm  that 
policy.  Brandeis  University  se- 
lects Its  faculty,  staff,  and  stu- 
dents consistent  with 
Affirmative  Action  guide- 
lines, without  discrimination 
against  persons  on  the  basis  of 
race,  color,  sex,  religion,  na- 
tional origin,  age,  disability,  or 
veteran  status.  The  President 
and  Trustees  call  upon  every 
academic  and  administrative 
office  to  plan  and  implement 
procedures  which  will  ensure 
nondiscriminatory  recruit- 
ment, hinng,  and  promotion 
o(  all  persons,  at  all  levels  of 
admission  to  and  employment 
by  the  University. 


Brandeis  has  had  a  policy  of 
Equal  Opponunity  for  every- 
one for  many  years,  but  policy 
must  be  translated  into  daily 
action.  As  a  contractor  with 
the  Federal  Government  and  a 
recipient  of  Federal  funds,  the 
University  must  meet  the  re- 
quirements of  Affirmative  Ac- 
tion and  the  Department  of 
Education  and  the  Office  of 
Federal  Contract  Compliance 
Programs  in  the  Department 
of  Labor.  These  offices  moni- 
tor the  University's  hiring 
policies  to  insure  equal  em- 
ployment and  equal  access  to 
the  programs  and  activities  of 
the  University. 


Withm  the  Office  of  the  Presi- 
dent, Herbert  E.  Hentz  serves 
as  an  Assistant  to  the  Presi- 
dent I  have  appointed  Mr 
Hentz  as  the  University  Affir- 
mative Action  Officer.  Fiis 
task  IS  to  cooidinate  all  of  the 
University's  efforts  to  meet 
its  objectives  of  Equal  Oppor- 
tunity and  Affirmative  Ac- 
tion, He  works  with  the 
University  Administrative 
Officials,  the  Dean  of  the  Fac- 
ulty, and  the  Vice  President 
tor  Administrative  Affairs  in 
formulating  and  pursuing  spe- 
cific practices  and  goals  for 
the  University,  and  is  respon- 
sible for  overseeing  their  im- 
plementation. He  also  serves 
as  liaison  with  the  Federal 
Government  on  all  matters 
concerning  Equal  Employ- 
ment Opportunity  and  Affir- 
mative Action. 


The  President  and  Trustees  of 
Brandeis  University  instruct 
all  offices  of  the  University  to 
cooperate  with  Mr  Hentz  in 
order  to  implement  the  Uni- 
versity's policy  of  Equal  Em- 
ployment Opportunity  and 
Affirmative  Action  and  to 
achieve  its  goals. 


what  the  New 
President  Should  Know 
About  Brandeis 


Now  in  my  eleventh  and  final  year  at 
Brandeis  University,  I  am  tempted  to 
look  back  at  the  past  decade  of 
unremitting  challenge  with 
something  like  a  sigh  of  peace  and 
leave  the  future  quietly  to  my 
successor. 

The  temptation  lasts  only  a  moment. 
When  has  any  member  of  the  Brandeis 
community  ever  refrained  from 
offenng  cogent  advice,  informed 
opinion,  reasoned  argument?  It  is  one 
of  the  sources  of  our  greatest  strength 
as  a  community  of  learning  that  we 
are  all — students,  faculty,  alumni, 
members  of  the  administration — 
questioners,  debaters,  "disturbers  of 
the  intellectual  peace,"  a  phrase  I 
borrow  often  from  Veblen.  It  is  one  of 
the  hallmarks  of  this  University  that 
each  of  us  cares  deeply  about  its 
continued  academic  vigor  and  the 
fulfillment  of  its  special  mission  as 
the  only  lewish-sponsored, 
nonsectarian  university  in  the  liberal 
arts  tradition  in  this  nation.  Brandeis 
has  an  irresistible  way  of 
commanding  our  loyalty  and  our 
concern  for  its  immediate  and  longer 
term  future. 

And  so,  my  welcome  to  the  new 
president  of  Brandeis  must  inevitably 
be  framed  in  terms  of  my  devotion  to 
this  University  and  my  appreciation 
of  Its  singular  nature.  What  should  the 
next  president  of  Brandeis  know  about 
the  University?  What  are  the  central 
characteristics  and  the  particular 
qualities  of  this  place?  What  makes 
Brandeis  different  from  other  colleges 
and  universities?  What  makes  it 
special? 

There  is  obviously  no  way,  within  the 
limits  of  this  page,  even  to  highlight 
all  the  specific  features  that  together 
create  the  tangible  and  intangible 
whole  that  is  Brandeis.  The  new 
president  will  know  that  this  is  a 
university  which  has  achieved  a 
position  almost  unique  in  higher 
education  in  the  United  States — that 
It  stands  alone  as  a  small,  liberal  arts, 
research  university  of  the  highest 
quality. 


3   Brandeis  has  succeeded  in  combining 
the  range  and  depth  of  graduate 
programs  and  advanced  research  found 
in  large  universities  vvfith  the 
intimacy  and  individual  attention 
enjoyed  by  students  of  a  small  college. 
With  only  2750  undergraduates,  600 
graduate  students  in  a  score  of 
graduate  programs  in  the  arts  and 
sciences,  one  graduate  professional 
school  with  200  students,  and  a 
faculty  of  350  teacher-scholars, 
Brandeis  is  an  exciting  community 
of  intellect  wfhich  provides  rare 
opportunities  for  individual  growth 
and  achievement  at  the  cutting  edge 
of  many  scholarly  disciplines. 

The  new  president  will  come  to  know 
a  faculty  that  is  deeply  committed  to 
research  and  scholarship — whose 
quality,  I  might  add,  is  evident  in  the 
first-rate  books  and  articles  they 
publish  each  year,  in  prizes  and 
awards,  and  federal  support 
amounting  to  more  than  $18.5 
million — an  astonishing  sum  for  a 
small  institution  with  only  one 
professional  school.  It  is  a  faculty  that 
is  equally  committed  to  teaching  and 
takes  the  greatest  satisfaction  in 
maintaining  the  undergraduate 
curriculum  in  the  best  humanistic 
tradition.  At  the  same  time,  members 
of  the  faculty  enthusiastically  devise 
new,  cooperative,  interdepartmental 
programs  that  cut  across  traditional 
academic  lines  of  demarcation. 
Brandeis'  University  Studies  in  the 
humanities  and  in  history  may  be  the 
most  imaginative  and  successful  of 
the  many  "core"  curricula  instituted 
by  American  universities  today. 
Brandeis'  interdisciplinary  programs, 
such  as  Legal  Studies,  Medieval 
Studies,  Cognitive  Science,  and  the 
History  of  Western  Thought,  to 
choose  only  some  at  random, 
allow  our  students  to  think 
comprehensively  and  to  explore  with 
independence  and  originality 
humankind  and  the  worlds  we 
inhabit. 

Like  the  sciences,  the  humanities, 
and  the  social  sciences,  the  creative 
arts  flourish  on  this  campus — and 
have  from  the  beginning.  Music, 
theater  and  the  fine  arts  surround  us 
in  our  daily  life.  They  are  the  air  we 
breathe  at  Brandeis,  an  habitual 
delight  to  the  senses  and  to  the  mind. 


In  the  deepest  sense,  the  faculty  is 
Brandeis — as  delightful,  contentious, 
brilliant,  critical,  hard-working,  and 
dedicated  a  group  as  can  be  found  at 
any  outstanding  university — only 
more  so. 

The  new  president  will  find  Brandeis 
students  and  alumni  sui  generis.  They 
argue  a  lot,  they  care  passionately, 
they  work  tirelessly.  They  are  very 
bright  and  independent,  generous,  and 
questioning.  And  they  are  "doers." 
Apart  from  qualities  such  as  these, 
which  are  prized  and  fostered  with 
much  affection  and  respect,  there  is, 
to  my  mind,  no  "typical  Brandeis 
student."  What  is  remarkable  to  me, 
in  fact,  is  the  broad  diversity  of 
interests,  tastes,  opinions, 
backgrounds,  and  particular  goals  I 
have  met  in  individual  Brandeis 
students  and  alumni.  Thirty  classes 
have  now  been  graduated  from 
Brandeis,  and  some  14,000 
undergraduate  alumni  carry  the  name 
of  Brandeis  throughout  the  United 
States  and  in  some  40  countries 
abroad.  They  have  one  thing  clearly  in 
common:  on  any  issue  of  institutional 
or  political  sensitivity,  it  will  seem 
that  all  14,000  get  in  touch  with  the 
President  to  express  their  views. 

The  Heller  School  is  a  jewel  to  be 
treasured  by  the  next  president  of  this 
University.  It  is  a  unique  training 
place,  workshop,  research  center,  and 
professional  school  in  the  field  of 
human  services  and  social  welfare. 
How  can  we  best  identify  and  provide 
for  the  basic  needs  of  people?  Health 
care,  youth  employment,  alcoholism, 
aging,  family  structure,  criminal 
justice — these  are  some  of  the 
fundamental  concerns  of  the  Heller 
School  faculty.  Their  research 
programs  and  the  education  they 
provide  their  students  are 
indispensable  to  the  survival  of  our 
country  as  a  civilized,  responsible, 
and  compassionate  society. 


I  would  happily  continue  this 
newcomer's  tour  of  Brandeis.  But  let 
me  conclude  with  a  subject  that  must 
be  of  the  greatest  interest  to  anyone 
assuming  leadership  of  an  American 
university  in  the  early  1980s: 
financial  stability.  I  am  glad  to  say 
that  Brandeis  is  in  the  soundest 
financial  position  in  its  35-year 
history.  AJi  examination  of  its  balance 
sheet  shows  steady  growth  in  assets, 
in  University  equity,  in  endowment 
funds,  and  in  funds  for  plant  and 
equipment.  Even  in  the  current 
recession,  fundraising  has  reached 
$15-16  million  annually,  with  major 
contributions  made  regularly  by  the 
Alumni  Fund  and  by  another  unique 
feature  of  Brandeis — its  National 
Women's  Committee.  This  October 
the  Women's  Committee  passed  the 
$20  million  mark  in  fundraising  for 
the  University  libraries,  a  mission 
they  undertook  when  Brandeis  opened 
its  doors  in  1948. 

There  is  no  question  that  the  level  of 
voluntary  financial  support  must  rise, 
not  only  to  keep  pace  with  inflation 
and  increased  costs  but  also  to  keep 
this  University  in  the  forefront  of 
higher  education.  Faculty  salaries,  the 
renovation  of  old  buildings,  the 
construction  of  laboratories, 
dormitories,  and  athletic  facilities, 
scholarships  and  fellowships  for  our 
students,  the  funds  necessary  to 
maintain  the  quality  of  our  academic 
programs  and  to  increase  the 
amenities  that  enhance  the  character 
of  life  on  this  campus — funds  for  all 
these  must  be  sought  and  secured,  so 
that  we  may  keep  faith  with  the 
vision  of  our  founders  that  Brandeis 
be  a  university  non  paieil.  But  that 
is  another  message. 

A  university  never  stands  still  nor  is 
complete.  My  wish  in  this  short  piece 
has  been  merely  to  sketch  the  superb 
foundation  on  which  the  new 
president  will  build,  to  capture,  for 
this  moment,  something  of  the  nature 
of  this  very  special  place. 


f7l4f4A/    R     OlmJL^ 


what  Has  Gone  Wrong  With 
America's  Refugee  PoUcy 


by  Lawrence  H.  Fuchs 


Lawrence  H.  i^uchs. 
the  Meyer  and  Walter  Jaffe 
Professor  of  American 
Civilization  and  Politics,  is 
chair  of  the  American  Studies 
department.  He  is  a  former 
executive  director  of  the 
U.S.  Select  Commission  on 
Immigration  and  Refugee 
Policy  and  has  written  several 
books  dealing  with  ethnicity 
in  America. 


rnotos  by 

United  Press  International, 
Viva/Francois  Hers, 
Intergovernmental 
Committee  for  European 
Migration,  U.S.  Navy/ 
Lutheran  Immigration  and 
Refugee  Service  and  the 
Museum  of  the  City  of 
New  York. 


American  policy  toward  immigration  has  historically  been 
intertwined  with  America's  foreign  policy,  often  bending 
and  twisting  with  this  country's  latest  ideological 
emphasis. 

Any  consideration  of  that  relationship  requires  an 
understanding  of  the  scale  and  nature  of  refugee  flows. 
Three  major  political/technological  changes  account  for 
the  tremendous  increase  in  refugee  flows  witnessed  in  the 
20th  century;  the  withdrawal  of  colonial  powers  from 
Asia,  Africa  and  the  Middle  East  led  thousands  to  flee  from 
the  violence  resulting  between  different  ethnic,  racial  and 
political  groups  vying  for  power  in  the  formation  and 
consolidation  of  new  nation  states;  the  creation  of  a  new 
empire  by  the  Soviet  Union,  including  the  colonization  of 
many  different  nationalities,  led  many  persons  to  flee 
totalitarianism;  and,  rising  global  consciousness  and 
advances  in  transportation  technologies  combined  to 
make  flight  from  persecution  and  civil  war  possible  for 
larger  masses  of  people. 

The  scale  of  such  migrations  is  awesome.  Twelve  million 
Hindus,  Moslems  and  Sikhs  relocated  within  the  year 
following  the  1947  partition  of  the  Indian  subcontinent. 
The  partition  of  Palestine  in  1948  generated  the  movement 
of  over  one  and  a  half  million  Arab  refugees  while  at  least 
an  equal  number  of  Jews  simultaneously  fled  Arab 
countries  to  go  to  Israel.  In  Asia,  several  million 
Kuomintang  supporters  left  for  Taiwan  and  Hong  Kong 
after  the  communist  victory  in  China  in  1949;  over  four 
million  Koreans  fled  from  North  to  South  Korea  in  1950- 


53;  more  than  800,000  Cubans  have  been  accepted  in  the 
U.S.  as  refugees  since  the  revolution  in  1959;  a  temporary 
deluge  of  ten  million  persons  went  from  Bangladesh  to 
India  in  1971-72;  and  the  permanent  relocation  of  over  one 
million  refugees  from  Vietnam,  Laos  and  Cambodia  has 
taken  place  since  1965. 

The  latest  wave  of  refugees  has  been  produced  by  wars  in 
Afghanistan  and  Africa.  More  than  one  and  a  half  million 
refugees  fleeing  the  Soviet  invasion  of  Afghanistan  entered 
Pakistan;  and  over  one  and  a  half  million  Ethiopians  have 
sought  refuge  in  Somalia,  only  a  portion  of  the 
approximately  four  million  refugees  estimated  to  be  in 
Airica. 

There  are  a  great  many  refugee  migrations  over  which 
American  foreign  policy  has  had  or  could  have  little  or  no 
substantial  influence  (e.g.  the  partition  of  the  Indian 
subcontinent  and  the  more  recent  African  refugee 
migrations).  In  most  such  cases,  the  U.S.  can  do  little  more 
than  provide  humanitarian  support  to  a  fraction  of  those 
suffering  from  starvation  and  brutality. 

Refugee  policy  is  governed  by  a  combination  of  three 
factors:  a  standard  of  international  and  domestic  law; 
foreign  policy  considerations;  and  domestic  politics.  In 
order  to  examine  these  influences,  several  important 
questions  need  to  be  asked. 


To  What  Extent  Should 
Our  Refugee  Policy  Reflect 
Strategic  Interests? 
And  How  Should  We  Define 
These  Interests? 


One  of  the  more  interesting  questions  faced  by  the  Select 
Commission  on  Immigration  and  Refugee  Policy  was 
whether  or  not  to  count  refugees  against  a  total  ceiling  for 
the  admission  of  immigrants  to  this  country.  There  is  a 
foreign  policy  interest  in  keeping  refugee  numbers  separate 
and  distinct  from  numbers  allocated  for  immigrants  for 
purposes  of  family  reunification  or  work.  The  reason  is  not 
just  that  refugees  often  happen  suddenly  but  that  refugees 
are  very  mixed  up  with  foreign  politics. 

To  resolve  this  question,  let  us  consider  three  basic 
approaches  to  refugees  and  asylees  taken  by  the  U.S. 
during  the  past  150  years. 

The  first,  and  most  deeply  rooted  approach,  grew  out  of 
Axnerican  support  for  national  liberation  movements  in 
Europe  and,  to  some  extent  in  Africa  and  Asia,  from  the 
beginning  of  the  Republic  through  the  presidency  of 
Franklin  Delano  Roosevelt. 

It  was  to  the  U.S.  that  revolutionary  leaders  looked  for 
support,  encouragement,  material  aid  and  sometimes 
refuge.  When  Louis  Kossuth,  leader  of  a  national  liberation 
movement  in  Hungary,  arrived  in  New  York  Harbor  on 
December  5,  1851  with  other  Hungarian  and  Italian 
refugees,  a  crowd  of  200,000  persons  crammed  the  Battery 
in  lower  Manhattan  to  welcome  him.  It  was  to  the  United 
States  that  Sun  Yat-Sen,  China's  first  great  revolutionary 
leader,  came  for  inspiration  as  well  as  refuge.  It  was  in  the 
United  States  that  Edward  Benes  and  Czech  refugees 
planned  the  creation  of  a  free  and  democratic 
Czechoslovakia.  It  was  here  that  Eamon  DeValera,  leader 
of  the  movement  to  establish  the  Irish  Republic,  found 
refuge  and  gained  support  for  his  eventual  triumphant 
return  to  Ireland.  It  was  to  the  U.S.  that  many  national 
liberation  leaders  from  Africa  came  to  study  and  work  and 
receive  support  in  the  years  immediately  following  World 
War  II. 

Following  World  War  II,  refugee  policy  was  marked  by  a 
humanitarian  concern  for  displaced  persons  which 
increasingly  took  on  an  anti-communist  slant.  The 
Displaced  Persons  Act  of  1948  was  primarily  a 
humanitarian  measure  although  it  did  give  special 
preference  to  escapees  from  Eastern  Europe.  The  Refugee 
Relief  Act  of  1953  was  the  first  of  many  emergency  refugee 
enactments  outside  the  basic  framework  of  the 
Immigration  and  Nationality  Act,  which  had  been  codified 
in  1952.  It  combined  helping  refugees  from  war  with 
assisting  escapees  from  behind  the  Iron  Curtain.  With  the 
unsuccessful  Hungarian  revolution  of  October  1956, 
President  Eisenhower,  under  the  authority  of  the  Attorney 
General,  offered  asylum  to  21,500  Hungarians  as  parolees. 
This  was  the  first  use  of  the  parole  provision  for  the  mass 
admission  of  refugees. 

With  the  fall  of  the  Batista  government  in  late  1959, 
Cuban  refugees  began  entering  the  United  States  in 
sizeable  numbers  under  the  parole  authority  of  the 
Attorney  General.  Presidents  Kennedy  and  lohnson 
encouraged  Cubans  to  flee  from  communism  and  a  series 
of  executive  and  legislative  measures  facilitated  the 
admission  of  what  eventually  would  be  more  than  800,000 
of  them. 


With  the  1965  amendments  to  the  Immigration  and 
Nationality  Act  allocating  17,400  visas  for  refugees,  a 
national  policy  had  emerged  which  virtually  equated 
refugee  with  someone  turning  his  or  her  back  on 
communism.  The  law  was  quite  explicit  in  defining  a 
refugee  as  a  person  who  had  fled  from  "any  communist  or 
communist  dominated  country"  and  was  "unable  or 
unwilling  to  return"  to  his  or  her  place  of  origin. 

The  American  foreign  policy  interest  in  supporting 
democratic  national  liberation  movements  by  providing 
refuge  for  those  fleeing  authoritarian  governments  had 
been  replaced  by  one  which  emphasized  the 
destabilization  of  communist  regimes  and  assistance  to 
those  fleeing  them. 

With  the  passage  of  the  Refugee  Act  of  1980,  within  the 
context  of  the  renewed  American  emphasis  on  human 
rights,  the  United  States  appeared  to  have  shifted  to  some 
degree  toward  a  reassertion  of  its  previous  foreign  policy 
emphasis  of  supporting  freedom-seeking  refugees  who  flee 
from  tyranny  regardless  of  the  political  ideology  of  the 
tyrants. 

But  the  allocations  process  for  refugees  and  asylees 
continues  to  favor  those  from  communist  dominated 
countries. 

The  problem  is  clear.  Congress  may  proclaim  a  policy 
through  legislation;  but  the  executive  branch  executes 
foreign  policy. 


To  What  Extent  Should  We 
Permit  Foreign  Policy  Tactics  to 
Bend  Our  Refugee  and 
Asylum  Law? 


In  dealing  with  this  question,  Congress  should  not  stay  on 
the  sidelines  but  should  think  through  an  answer  to  a 
fundamental  question:  is  it  not  in  the  interests  of  the 
United  States  of  America  to  have  a  refugee  and  asylum 
policy  which  transcends  the  power  struggle  between  the 
Soviet  Union  and  the  United  States  as  the  Refugee  Act  of 
1980  clearly  intends?  Would  it  not  make  sense  to  go  back 
to  our  historic  policy  of  support  for  persons  who  fight 
tyranny  regardless  of  the  nature  of  tyranny  in  order  to  once 
again  become  the  party  of  hope  for  the  average  man  and 
woman  in  their  fight  against  oppression? 

We  cannot  accept  everyone  who  seeks  refuge  in  the  United 
States,  either  as  a  refugee  or  asylec;  but  can  we  develop  a 
refugee  allocations  process  and  asylum  procedure  which  is 
more  consistent  with  what  our  law  specifies  and  which,  at 
the  same  time,  serves  our  longer,  stronger  national  interest 
as  a  champion  of  freedom? 


At  the  present  time,  we  are  bending  that  law  considerably, 
if  not  outright  violating  it  as  in  the  case  of  Haitian  and 
Salvadoran  refugees.  As  of  [anuary  1982,  5,572  Salvadorans 
applied  for  asylum  in  this  country.  Thus  far  only  two 
requests  for  asylum  have  been  acknowledged  as  valid, 
although  the  State  Department  advised  the  Immigration 
and  Naturalization  Service  to  act  favorably  on  six  others, 
indicating  some  possible  change  in  policy.  In  its  "Country 
Reports  on  the  World  Refugee  Situation"  given  to  Congress 
in  September  1981,  the  State  Department  acknowledged 
that  between  October  1979  and  the  time  of  the  report,  over 
15,000  Salvadorans  had  died  as  a  result  of  political 
violence  and  that  political  refugees  were  leaving  the 
country  because  of  threats  from  the  left  and  the  right. 

The  Reagan  Administration  believes  that  our  foreign 
policy  interest  of  strengthening  the  present  government  in 
El  Salvador  and  persuading  the  American  people  that  it  is 
not  repressive  overrides  humanitarian  concerns  in 
applying  refugee  policy.  Since  Salvadorans  are  sometimes 
held  for  long  periods  of  time  in  detention  centers  awaiting 
the  processing  of  refugee  claims,  one  way  to  deter  such 
migrations  in  the  future  is  to  make  the  conditions  under 
which  they  are  retained  rather  harsh.  This  is  reported  to  be 
the  case  at  the  INS  detention  facility  at  El  Centro, 
California,  a  condition  now  being  investigated  by  Senator 
Dennis  DiConcim  (D.  Ariz.).  Another  tactic  is  to  set  the 
level  of  bonds  extremely  high,  which  the  U.S.  High 
Commission  reported  has  been  done  in  the  case  of 
Salvadorans.  Another  is  to  threaten  border  crossers  with 
long  periods  in  jail. 

The  contrast  with  the  treatment  accorded  Polish  asylum 
claimants  is  striking.  While  we  want  to  welcome  Polish 
dissidents,  the  law  states  that  each  claimant  for  asylum 
must  prove  that  he  or  she  has  a  well-founded  fear  of 
persecution.  For  foreign  policy  reasons,  our  presumption  is 
that  Poles  who  enter  this  country  illegally  have  such  a 
claim  and  they  are  awarded  extended  voluntary  departure. 
It  IS  in  our  interest  to  embarrass  the  present  Polish 
government,  as  it  has  been  in  our  interest  to  embarrass 
Castro,  and  the  present  government  of  Vietnam.  Yet  the 
State  Department,  in  its  report  to  Congress  in  September 
1981,  acknowledged  that  bad  economic  conditions  in  all 
three  countries  have  in  recent  months  prompted  increased 
requests  for  refuge  and  asylum. 

About  two  months  ago  six  Polish  seamen  were  detained  by 
the  Immigration  and  Naturalization  Service  in  Anchorage, 
Alaska.  They  were  detained  under  a  provision  of  our  law  in 
a  normal,  orderly  fashion.  Since  INS  does  not  have  a 
detention  facility  in  Anchorage,  they  were  put  in  a  local 
jail.  Of  course,  both  United  States  Senators  from  Alaska 
and  the  White  House  became  exercised  immediately  and 
they  were  released.  Once  again,  the  Immigration  and 
Naturalization  Service  learned  that  evenhanded,  impartial 
law  enforcement  is  not  to  be  applied  with  respect  to 
asylum  claimants. 

The  question  is  whether  the  bending  and  twisting  of  the 
law  to  such  an  extent  erodes  not  only  confidence  in  the 
law  generally  but  also  fundamentally  undermines  a  major 
strategic  foreign  policy  interest:  the  development  and 
maintenance  of  an  image  in  the  world  of  the  United  States 
as  a  champion  of  human  rights. 


To  What  Extent  Should 
We  Let  Domestic  Politics 
Shape  Refugee  Policy 
to  the  Possible  Detriment  of 
Foreign  Policy, 


Including  Our 
Commitment  to  Human 
Rights? 


If  someone  is  a  Polish  national  claiming  asylum  in  this 
country,  one  can  count  on  the  mfra-structure  of  the  Polish- 
American  community  for  support.  If  someone  is  a  Soviet 
Jew  seeking  to  be  admitted  as  a  refugee,  that  individual  can 
count  on  organized  American  Jewry  for  support.  But  if  one 
is  Ethiopian,  even  though  fleeing  from  a  Marxist-led 
government  (perhaps  as  many  as  2.5  million  people  have 
fled  Ethiopia),  there  will  be  very  little  political  activity  in 
this  country  on  their  behalf.  To  date,  20,000  to  30,000 
Ethiopian  applicants  for  asylum  have  been  told  they  must 
leave  voluntarily  or  face  possible  deportation  proceedings. 

The  classic  case  of  domestic  politics  playing  a  cruel  role  in 
the  determination  of  refugee  policy  came  in  the  late  1930s 
with  the  refusal  of  our  government  to  accept  as  refugees 
more  than  a  trickle  of  Jews  who  were  desperate  to  escape 
Hitler's  grasp.  We  obliged  Jews  to  come  in  under  our 
restrictive  national  origins  quotas  despite  the  fact  that 
they  were  fleeing  for  their  lives.  Anti-Semitism  in  the 
United  States  was  too  formidable  for  even  the  great 
President  Franklin  Delano  Roosevelt  who  ultimately 
bowed  to  the  exigencies  of  domestic  politics. 

A  combination  of  domestic  politics  and  short-sighted 
foreign  policy  concerns  have  resulted  in  widespread 
flouting  of  the  law  with  respect  to  the  Haitians.  About 
20,000  Haitians  came  to  the  U.S.  in  1980  and  others  have 
since  continued  to  enter  this  country  without  documents. 
The  State  Department  has  advised  the  INS  to  presume  that 
Haitians  are  here  illegally  as  seekers  of  economic 
opportunity  and  not  as  valid  claimants  for  asylum.  Our 
government  has  adopted  a  series  of  punitive  measures  to 
deter  Haitians  from  seeking  asylum  in  the  U.S.  rather  than 
expeditiously  process  individual  asylum  claims,  separating 
those  that  are  valid  from  those  that  are  not.  Admittedly, 
the  United  States  should  try  to  deter  large  numbers  of 
Haitians  from  migrating  to  this  country.  The  question  is, 
how  should  we  go  about  doing  that? 

The  Select  Commission  has  made  a  number  of 
recommendations  in  this  regard:  aid  and  trade  measures  to 
build  employment  opportunities;  processing  centers  as 
distinct  from  detention  centers  to  hold  asylum  claimants 
while  their  claims  are  being  adjudicated;  adjudication  by 
specially  trained  asylum  offices  which  would  act  in  part 
on  group  profiles  developed  by  a  source  independent  of  the 
State  Department;  and  in  the  case  of  a  denial  of  asylum, 
recourse  to  appeal  to  an  independent  immigration  court 
which  would  be  established  by  Congress  under  Article  I  of 
our  constitution,  a  recommendation  recently  submitted  as 
legislation  by  Representative  William  McCoUum  (R.  Fla.). 
Such  a  policy  would  result  in  the  deportation  of  a 
substantial  number  of  claimants — probably  a  majority — 
but  would  also  result  in  fair  and  expeditious  decision- 
making. 

Instead,  the  administration  appears  to  have  taken  a  route 
which  may  satisfy  some  of  the  political  pressures  from 
South  Florida  but  does  not  satisfy  basic  American 
standards  of  fairness,  undermines  a  foreign  policy  that  is 
based  to  some  extent  upon  our  maintaining  those 
standards,  and  even  results  in  the  delay  of  deportation  for 
those  who  are  deportable. 


Ironically,  refugee  policy  succumbs  to  political  pressures, 
despite  the  fact  that  Haitians  in  some  ways  are  highly 
desirable  immigrants.  In  contrast  to  Cuban  entrants, 
Soviet  refugees  and  the  U.S.  population  as  a  whole,  they 
are  in  their  early  working  years  and  have  fewer  dependents. 
Both  factors  mean  that  they  draw  much  less  from  social 
security  insurance.  In  addition,  according  to  other 
information  released  by  Dade  County  authorities,  they  are 
a  law-abiding  people. 


To  What  Extent  Should 
We  Manage  Foreign  Policy 
to  Inhibit  the 
Development  of  Refugee 
Flows? 


To  What  Extent  Should 
We  Use  Foreign  Policy 
Leverage  to  Induce  Other 
Countries  to  Take  More 
Responsibility  For  the 
Management  and 
Resettlement  of  Refugees? 


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what  we  do  in  foreign  policy  sometimes  can  prevent  the 
great  dislocations  that  result  in  refugee  migrations. 

To  be  sure,  to  the  extent  that  we  escalate  the  commitment 
to  save  authoritarian  regimes,  we  increase  our  obligation  to 
save  those  who  stand  with  us  if  our  side  loses.  That  is  a 
lesson  one  can  learn  on  a  large  scale  from  Vietnam  and 
Cuba,  both  relatively  large  countries,  and  on  a  much 
smaller  scale  from  Nicaragua. 

The  best  way  to  inhibit  future  refugee  flows  in  this 
hemisphere  is  to  develop  a  plan  for  promoting  stability  in 
countries  tom  by  civil  strife,  followed  by  a  strategy  for 
economic  and  social  reform  in  cooperation  with  those  who 
seek  such  objectives.  In  this  regard  the  Reagan 
administration  appears  to  be  schizophrenic.  On  the  one 
hand,  the  stated  policy  of  President  Reagan  to  help 
promote  prosperity  and  social  reform  in  the  Caribbean 
area;  on  the  other  hand,  consistent  diplomatic  and  military 
activity  to  support  the  repressive,  authoritarian  regimes 
throughout  the  hemisphere. 

In  the  case  of  Haiti,  the  poorest  country  in  the  Western 
Hemisphere,  with  an  annual  per  capita  income  of  $300, 
social  reform  probably  is  a  precondition  of  inhibiting 
continued  migration  flows. 

The  Select  Commission  on  Immigration  and  Refugee 
Policy  concluded  that  the  best  way  to  prevent  the 
dislocations  that  cause  large  refugee  flows  would  be  for  the 
United  States  to  have  a  clear  strategy  of  economic  and 
social  reform  in  this  hemisphere,  worked  out  in 
cooperation  with  other  nations.  We  also  can  do  more  to 
strengthen  international  ties  in  this  hemisphere  to  prevent 
such  things  as  the  forced  migration  of  people  as  occurred  at 
Mariel.  At  present  we  do  not  even  have  an  international 
convention  under  the  OAS  or  the  United  Nations  which 
would  provide  for  sanctions  against  a  government  that 
expels  people  from  its  own  country. 

Yes,  foreign  policy  can  be  used  to  prevent  refugee 
migrations  within  this  hemisphere  but  our  present  foreign 
policy  in  Central  America  seems  calculated  to  do  just  the 
reverse.  If  our  objective  is  the  prevention  of  refugee  flows, 
we  should  be  pressing  vigorously  now  for  a  negotiated 
settlement  to  bring  stability  to  El  Salvador  and  to  make 
possible  genuine  social  reforms  there. 


It  is  striking  that  this  administration  has  failed  to  use  the 
OAS  or  any  other  international  forum  in  this  hemisphere 
in  order  to  deal  with  the  issues  of  illegal  migration  and 
refugee  migration.  There  are  a  great  many  countries  that 
are  involved  and  one  would  think  that  it  is  in  the  foreign 
policy  interest  of  the  United  States  to  strengthen  the 
international  mechanisms  for  dealing  with  these 
questions.  Yet,  there  has  been  absolutely  no  initiative  on 
our  part,  not  even  on  the  question  of  forced  migration  or 
expulsion. 

Indeed,  there  is  evidence  that  the  United  States  has  failed 
to  exercise  its  leverage  in  bilateral  foreign  relations  to  get 
other  countries  to  do  more  with  respect  to  refugees.  Let  us 
take  for  a  clear-cut  example,  Saudi  Arabia.  Here  is  a 
wealthy,  oil-rich  country  that  is  willing  to  finance 
terrorism,  but  has  not  been  willing  to  finance  the 
maintenance  and  resettlement  of  refugees,  even  with 
respect  to  Palestinian  refugees  until  fairly  recently.  The 
U.S.  has  contributed  nearly  a  billion  dollars  to  the  United 
Nations  Relief  and  Works  Administration  to  take  care  of 
Palestinian  refugees  from  1950  through  1981  while  Saudi 
Arabia  has  spent  only  a  fraction  of  that,  mostly  since  1976. 

Something  is  wrong  here.  Not  only  are  we  inconsistent 
with  respect  to  our  own  refugee  policy,  because  of  wrong- 
headed  foreign  policy  tactics  and  domestic  politics,  but  we 
do  not  even  make  a  strong  effort  to  involve  our  friends  in  a 
coherent,  overall  strategy  with  respect  to  preventing 
refugee  migrations  and  helping  to  maintain  and  resettle 
refugees. 

Something  has  gone  tragically  wrong  with  American 
foreign  policy  since  Franklin  Roosevelt  proclaimed  that 
the  United  States  should  always  stand  for  freedom  from 
fear,  freedom  from  want,  freedom  of  speech  and  freedom  of 
religion.  Such  a  pronouncement  made  us  the  party  of  hope, 
the  party  of  the  common  person  who  seeks  a  better  life, 
the  party  of  the  future.  The  failure  to  hold  that  standard 
high  and  consistently  has  given  some  credibility  to  the 
charge  of  the  Soviet  Union  that  we  are  on  the  side  of 
reaction,  has  weakened  us  in  our  struggle  against  Soviet 
imperialism,  has  undermined  our  law,  and  has  tarnished 
our  conception  of  ourselves  as  a  nation  that  champions 
human  freedom. 


Brandeis  Today: 

A  Student's  Perspective 


by  Kriss  Halpem 


Khss  Halpern  is  a  senior  majoring  in 
History  and  English.  He  is  currently  an 
associate  editor  of  the  Justice,  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Presidential  Search 
Committee,  and  was  a  member  of  last 
year's  B  League  Intramurals 
championship  basketball  team — the  X- 
Press. 


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The  posters  lining  the  walls  in  Usdan 
Student  Center  during  the  first  week 
of  school  include  the  typical 
assortment:  advertisements  for 
refrigerators  and  used  cars,  a  Justice 
organizational  meeting,  a  Hillel 
discussion  group. 

Amidst  these  are  an  abundance  of 
signs  promising  higher  board  scores, 
some  hinting  that  Brandeis  is  merely 
one  stop  along  a  career  route — another 
credential  which  must  be  assiduously 
earned  and  then  quickly  filed. 

"Helping  Students  Become 
Professionals"  reads  the  slogan  of  the 
Graduate  Admission  Prep  Services 
offering  its  aid  to  frightened  upper 
classmen.  Those  slogans  and  those 
fears  are  reflections  of  an  environment 
outside  this  campus  which 
contradicts  the  pure  mtellectual 
devotion  one  hopes  to  have  during 
one's  college  years. 

Brandeis  students  today  remember 
Richard  Nixon  as  the  President  during 
our  youth  (although  most  of  us  will 
say  that  at  least  one  of  our  parents 
voted  for  McGovern),  and  this  year's 
freshmen — the  class  of  '86 — are  the 
first  in  Brandeis'  history  never  to  have 
been  alive  at  the  same  moment  as 
President  John  F.  Kennedy. 

We've  grown  up  expecting  corruption 
in  government  and  uncontrollable 
inflation  in  the  economy.  A  ten 
thousand  dollar  a  year  tuition  which 
goes  up  14  percent  a  year  is  old  news. 
We've  been  told  that  "the  job  market 
is  slim"  and  a  college  degree  doesn't 
mean  too  much.  If  The  Graduate  were 
filmed  today,  Dustin  Hoffman 
wouldn't  have  to  deal  with  being  told 
"there  is  a  future  in  plastics,"  he'd  be 


told  there  is  a  glut  of  lawyers  and  no 
jobs  in  academia. 

Clearly  we  are  affected  by  the  signs 
and  moods  our  society  shoves  at  us. 
Tom  Wolfe  calls  us  the  "Me 
Generation."  A  soft  drink  company 
calls  us  the  "Pepsi  Generation."  We've 
been  labeled  and  described  before  we 
were  aware  that  we  even  comprised  a 
group  m  any  more  elaborate  terms 
than  a  little  league  team  or  a  brownies 
troop.  And  we  have  not  been 
unaffected. 

Walking  the  path  from  Usdan  to 
Sherman — the  two  cafeterias  around 
which  our  "student  centers"  have 
formed — one  senses  the  changes  and 
complexities  which  have  become 
Brandeis.  On  the  left  is  the  sociology 
building  in  which  the  1970  National 
Students'  Strike  was  organized.  On 
the  right  is  Goldfarb  Library  where  a 
line  formed  every  morning  during 
finals  last  year,  as  students  waited  to 
secure  a  carrel  for  the  year's  final 
grind.  Further  down  the  path  one 
passes  the  piles  of  bricks  waiting  to 
form  the  new  Father  Library  which 
will  provide  needed  study  space,- 
further  down  the  hill  is  the  imposing 
science  quad  where  hopeful  premeds 
rush  every  morning;  there  across  the 
field  one  sees  the  fragile  three  chapels 
which  almost  always  look  distant  and 
empty. 

The  students  one  passes  are  well- 
dressed  and  well-groomed.  Casual 
means  purple  jogging  outfits  from 
Bloomingdale's  for  women  and  Izod 
tee-shirts  for  men.  Men  wear  their 
hair  short  and  many  women  wear 
make-up.  Students  are  quite 
conscious  of  their  appearance  and 
looking  neat  is  rarely  considered  an 
imposition.  Director  of  Admissions 
Michael  Kalafatas  says  that  this  is  a 
reflection  of  greater  concern  with 
"preparation  for  the  world  of  work." 

A  Brandeis  graduate  of  the  class  of 
'65,  Kalafatas  notes  that  the  hopeful 
economic  conditions  of  the  '60s 
allowed  students  then  to  be  less 
concerned  with  the  world  after 
college.  Today,  he  says,  students  dress 
and  study  in  preparation  for  the 
outside  world. 

Sociology  Professor  Gordon  Fellman 
notes  that  students  are  so  anxious 
about  jobs  that  they  are  even  more 
preprofessional  than  they  used  to  be. 


Under  50  percent  of  the  students' 
recommendations  he  used  to  write 
were  for  law  school.  Today,  he  says, 
that  figure  is  90  percent. 

Brandeis  students  today  seem  less 
concerned  with  "why"  they  wish  to 
earn  money  than  they  are  with  "how." 

Last  year's  Student  Senate  President 
Stephen  Kozol  says  that,  "People  here 
view  education  as  a  weigh  station  to 
future  wealth,"  and  interviews  with 
students  will  often  bear  this  out. 

I  asked  one  student  representative 
how  much  money  he  wants  to  make 
20  years  from  now  and  he  said,  "I'd 
like  to  be  comfortable."  I  asked  how 
much  was  comfortable  and  he  said, 
"With  today's  inflation  rate,  $200,000 
to  S300,000."  His  figure  may  be  higher 
than  most,  but  few  Brandeis  students 
mention  a  figure  below  $50,000  and  it 
is  common  to  cite  triple  figures. 

One  freshman  interviewed  said  she 
was  attracted  to  Brandeis'  radical 
image  and  that  going  to  the  same 
school  as  Abbie  Hoffman  is  "neat." 
Asked  what  changes,  if  any,  she'd  like 
to  see  in  America,  she  responded  by 
saying,  "I  think  America  should  be 
looked  upon  as  a  big  corporation." 
The  President  should  be  a  good 
businessman  because  "business 
controls  government.  It's  a  fact.  What 
can  you  do  about  it?" 

Students  often  seem  less  concerned 
with  changing  society  than  they  are 
with  succeeding  in  it.  Recently 
instituted  academic  programs  include 
Legal  Studies,  Computer  Science,  and 
the  new  Berlin  Premedical  Center 
Professors  involved  in  these  areas  will 
defend  them  as  being  within  the 
liberal  arts  tradition.  And  they  are. 
But  many  students  take  these  courses, 
not  merely  for  the  sake  of  knowledge 
or  intellectual  stimulation,  but  often 
because  they  see  them  as  helpful  in 
their  post-Brandeis  lives. 

Computer  Science. 
Brandeis'  newest  department,  so 
popular  that  even  with  the  purchase 
of  a  new  computer  center  in  Ford  Hall 
(the  newest  department  in  the  oldest 
building),  its  enrollment  must  be 
limited  to  35  majors.  No  wonder. 
Those  who  know  how  to  use  a 
computer  commonly  earn  as  much  as 
$400  a  week  in  summer  jobs.  More 
than  half  the  students  waiting  to  take 


BASIC  this  semester,  the  simplest  10 

computer  language,  were  turned  down 
so  the  class  could  be  limited  to  60. 

Legal  Studies. 

I  asked  one  freshman  if  he  was 
interested  in  political  clubs  here. 
"Yeah,"  he  said,  "the  pre-law  society." 
One  senior  told  me  last  week  that  she 
is  applying  to  20  law  schools — that  is 
one-seventh  of  all  the  law  schools 
there  are  in  this  country  and,  at  $40  a 
shot,  quite  an  investment. 

Premeds: 

Ten  percent  of  all  Brandeis  graduates 
are  physicians,  so  the  huge  number  of 
premeds  at  Brandeis  today  seems  to  be 
consistent  with  the  past.  Yet  no 
description  of  Brandeis  students  could 
be  complete  without  mentioning 
them.  It  seems  that  every  other 
person  one  meets  and  his  or  her 
roommate  started  out  as  pre-med 
majors.  The  one-year-old  Berlin 
Premedical  Center  is  supposed  to  be  a 
training  center  for  the  doctors  of 
tomorrow.  Containing  dozens  of  labs, 
a  lounge  area  holding  science  journals 
and  microfilm,  and  a  small,  personal 
classroom,  it  is  billed  as  a  "Home  for 
Premeds." 

Depending  on  who  you  ask,  all  this 
preprofessionalism  is  either  practical 
or  materialistic,  anti-intellectual  or  a 
necessary  result  of  living  in  today's 
economy.  The  acting  head  of  Career 
Planning,  Millie  Tan  Steward,  relates 
that  students  will  often  leave  their 
political  affiliations  off  their  resumes, 
so  that  companies  to  which  they  apply 
will  not  be  prejudiced  against  them. 

Lecturers  at  Brandeis  over  the  past 
three  years  have  included  Abbie 
Hoffman,  lerry  Rubin,  Stokely 
Carmichael,  and,  coming  up  this  year, 
Timothy  Leary.  They,  as  well  as  the 
college  years  of  our  '60s  alumni,  have 
become  a  part  of  our  history  and  a 
source  of  wonderment  to  today's 
students.  When  lerry  Rubin  spoke  of 
his  current  job  on  Wall  Street  as  an 
investment  broker  last  year,  students 
saw  it  as  a  hypocritical  reversal.  Abbie 
Hoffman  was  welcomed  less  as  a 
radical  with  an  inspirational  message 
than  as  the  creator  of  the 
Sandwichman  Corporation. 

Other  lecturers  have  included  Lisa 
Bembach — the  author  of  The  Preppy 
Handbook  and  leader  of  a  trend  which 
has  not  failed  to  make  its  mark  on 


Brandeis  students,  regardless  of  the 
difficulty  of  being  a  Jewish  prep.  John 
Houseman — a  law  professor  on  the  TV 
show  "Paper  Chase" — spoke  recently 
on  campus  and  flocks  of  prelaw 
students  turned  out  to  gather  his 
wisdom. 

Protests  at  Brandeis  have  changed  as 
well.  Three  years  ago  the  Iranian 
hostage  crisis  produced  what  was  then 
called  the  first  pro-American  rally  on 
this  campus.  Two  years  ago,  when  a 
group  gathered  to  protest  U.S. 
involvement  in  El  Salvador,  several 
Brandeis  Republicans  waved  the 
American  flag  and  sang,  "America  the 
Beautiful"  in  a  successful  attempt  to 
disrupt  the  rally. 

One  major  reaction  on  campus  to 
fears  among  students  over  the  job 
market,  and  equally  strong  faculty 
concern,  is  an  expansion  of  the  Career 
Planning  Office.  With  removal  of  a 
wall  m  Usdan,  that  office  has  now 
doubled  in  size  and  two  new 
counselors  have  been  hired  to  aid 
distraught  students.  Millie  Tan 
Steward  says  that  while  five  years  ago 
70  percent  of  Brandeis  students  went 
directly  to  graduate  school,  that 
number  is  only  40  percent  today.  This, 
she  says,  is  partially  the  result  of  the 
high  cost  of  graduate  school  which 
forces  students  to  earn  money  first. 
The  other  part  consists  of  a  strategy  of 
taking  time  off  and  later  applying  so 
as  to  be  accepted  by  a  more 
prestigious  professional  school.  In 
addition,  she  adds  that  even  freshmen 
and  sophomores  now  come  to  her 
office  to  prepare  for  the  job  market. 
Apparently  it  is  common  for  a  new 
student  to  ask  what  major  is  the  best 
for  acceptance  into  business  school. 

These  trends  have  been  accompanied 
by  changes  in  the  areas  of  academic 
concentration  among  Brandeis 
students.  In  a  study  produced  by  the 
Dean  of  the  College  Office  last  year  it 
was  found  that  freshmen  indicated 
significant  changes  between  1975  and 
1982  in  the  area  of  their  primary 
academic  interests.  Students 
interested  in  majoring  in  creative  arts 
have  gone  down  from  5  percent  to  2 
percent,  humanities  interest  has  fallen 
from  14  percent  to  8  percent,  and 
social  science  interest  has  gone  from 
29  percent  to  23  percent.  Only 
science,  rising  from  33  to  37  percent, 
has  increased  in  its  attractiveness  to 
Brandeis  freshmen.  There  was  one 


other  big  gainer,  however,  as  the 
number  of  freshmen  who  were 
uncertain  about  their  primary 
interests  increased  from  19  percent  to 
27  percent. 

The  clubs  and  organizations  students 
choose  to  join  offer  another  gUmpse 
into  campus  hfe.  Founded  in  1966,  the 
Waltham  Group  was  formed  as  a 
means  of  integrating  Brandeis 
students  with  the  surrounding 
community.  Its  current  director,  Lisa 
Berman  '82,  says  that  its  early 
members  were  often  anti- 
establishment,  concerned  with 
transforming  society  by  aiding  the 
needy. 

Today,  the  group  still  operates  as  a 
community  service,  but  its  300 
members  are  not  always  attracted  on 
purely  idealistic  grounds.  As  part  of  its 
primary  purpose  the  group  currently 
seeks  "to  provide  the  Brandeis  student 
with  a  valuable  learning  experience." 
The  group  works  closely  with  the 
Career  Placement  Office  and  Berman 
says  that  virtually  all  of  the 
community  health  volunteers  have 
been  premeds  for  the  past  five  years. 
Many  of  them  view  their  work  as  a 
means  of  getting  into  medical  school, 
she  says. 

Ms.  Berman  tells  the  story  of  one 
undergraduate  who  came  to  the  group 
wanting  to  organize  Waltham 
politically  by  setting  up  tenants 
organizations  and  fighting  "the 
establishment."  Informed  this  was, 
"too  idealistic  for  1982,"  the  student 
was  not  welcomed  by  either  the 
Waltham  community  or  the  other 
members  of  the  student  service 
organization. 

Looking  through  a  copy  of  the  1967 
Student  Handbook,  written  in  part  by 
then  Student  Senate  president  and 
current  Director  of  Student  Life  Brian 
Marcus,  one  notices  a  number  of 
intellectual  and  political  groups:  the 
Brandeis  Civil  Rights  Group,  Campus 
Americans  for  Democratic  Action, 
the  Chelsea  Student-Parent 
Association,  the  Peace  Group, 
Students  for  a  Democratic  Society, 
and  one  intriguing  group  called  the 
Committee  for  an  Ideal  Campus 
which  was  interested  in  university 
reform  both  at  Brandeis  and  at  other 
college  campuses.  (It  conceived  the 
ideal  university  as  "an  intellectual 


community  of  teachers  and  students 
where  learning  is  valued  for  its  own 
sake.") 

Among  the  new  Brandeis  clubs  are 
The  Bulldogs,  a  social  organization 
which  attempted  to  sponsor  a  mud 
wrestling  match  last  year,  and  the 
Judges  Investment  Group  in  which  35 
students  have  collectively  purchased 
shares  of  stocks  and  debate  which 
investments  are  the  best  for  their 
funds. 

But  this  is  not  the  complete  picture. 
For  whatever  reasons,  there  are 
probably  more  political  groups  on 
campus  today  than  ever  before.  Many 
of  these  are  small,  however,  and  clubs 
such  as  Greenpeace  (environmental). 
Clamshell  (against  nuclear  energy), 
and  SPOKES  (against  nuclear  war) 
claim  smaller  numbers  than  the  Ski 
Club,  The  Pre-Law  Society,  or  the 
Bridge  Club.  Possibly  it  is  the  greater 
diversity  of  political  groups  as  well  as 
the  greater  number  of  them  that 
makes  it  appear  as  if  students  are  less 
politically  concerned. 

The  1969  handbook  lists  no  college 
republican  clubs,  while  the  Brandeis 
Republicans  currently  claim  50 
members  and  were  credited  by  Ronald 
Reagan  with  having  been  a  significant 
force  in  effecting  the  Republican 
victory  in  Massachusetts  in  1980.  At 
the  same  time,  the  Brandeis 
Democrats  claim  a  few  hundred 
members  and  say  they  are  the  largest 
college  Democrat  group  in  the 
country.  In  addition,  while  organized 
groups  against  nuclear  arms  are  small 
here,  the  level  of  debate  among 
Brandeis  students  on  the  subject  is 
high.  Furthermore,  social  and  political 
awareness  still  seems  higher  here  than 
in  most  other  colleges. 

The  1969  handbook  lists  separate 
curfew  hours  for  men  and  women.  In 
case  you're  wondering,  the  women's 
are  earlier.  In  1964,  the  handbook  said 
that  "men  are  permitted  in  women's 
dormitories  on  the  first  and  last  days 
of  school  to  help  move  luggage." 
Feminism  does  not  seem  to  have  been 
a  major  force  here  at  the  time. 

The  '69  handbook  also  contains  a 
section  titled  "Protest  and 
Demonstration."  Given  university 
regulations,  the  war  in  Vietnam  and 
the  civil  rights  movement,  it  seems 
they  had  quite  a  bit  to  protest  against. 


Today,  an  active  campus  group  is  the 
Women's  Coalition  and  the  various 
feminist  subgroups  which  have 
formed  around  it  over  the  past  few 
years.  Separate  rules  for  men  and 
women  and  blatantly  sexist 
implications  about  women's  physical 
capacities  would  not  last  five  minutes 
here  without  creating  a  rally  the 
intensity  of  which  would  rival  the 
1969  Ford  Hall  takeover. 

Other  examples  of  student  action 
have  included  demands  for  a  dredging 
of  Massell  Pond  that  had  become  a 
polluted  eyesore  over  the  years, and 
protests  in  response  to  various 
proposals  to  end  the  Transitional  Year 
Program,  which  gives  underprivileged 
students  an  intensive  program  to 
prepare  them  for  college. 

According  to  Senate  Treasurer  Mike 
Hafter,  "Students  are  more  bent  on 
serving  their  community  and 
improving  Brandeis  than  on  changing 
the  world."  Indeed,  just  as  Ronald 
Reagan's  election  has  been  interpreted 
as  a  reaction  against  the  failures  of  the 
old  liberal  agenda,  so  have  students 
reacted  against  the  failures  of  '60s 
radicalism.  Protests  haven't 
eliminated  poverty  or  ended  prejudice, 
and  working  within  the  establishment 
for  a  better  society  is  quite  appealing 
to  many  Brandeis  students. 

The  current  deepening  recession  in 
this  country  has  had  a  tremendous 
impact  on  college  students  in  general, 
and  Brandeis  students  have  been  part 
of  that  trend.  Yet,  there  remains  on 
this  campus  a  strong  sense  of  political 
commitment  and  social  responsibility. 
If  Brandeis  students  are  concerned 
with  making  money,  with  preparing  to 
enter  the  outside  world,  they  are  not 
about  to  do  so  at  the  expense  of  their 
values  or  to  the  detriment  of  their 
society. 


The  above  article  is.  of  course,  the  view  of 
one  student.  Others,  including  students, 
teachers,  and  alumni,  might  have  a 
somewhat  different  perspective.  We 
welcome  letters  expressing  agreement,  or 
differing  points  of  view. 


Digging  in  the  Negev: 

A  Brandeis  Archaeological 

Adventure 

by  Martha  A.  Morrison 


Martha  A.  Moihson  is  an 
assistant  professor  of  Classical 
and  Oriental  Studies  and 
Petrie  Term  Assistant  Professor 
of  University  Studies.  Professor 
Morrison  specializes  in  the 
study  of  Assyriology  and 
ancient  Near  Eastern  history, 


and  has  published  in  these 
fields.  A  graduate  of  Wellesley 
College,  she  received  her  M.A. 
and  Ph.D.  degrees  from  the 
Department  of  Mediterranean 
Studies  at  Brandeis. 


When  fourteen  students  from  Brandeis,  Boston  College, 
Boston  University  and  other  schools  and  I  arrived  in  the 
Negev  of  Israel  this  summer,  we  v^'cre  immediately  caught 
up  in  the  challenge  of  exploring  the  past  as  well  as  the 
tangle  of  an  emotion-packed  present.  We  were  there  as 
participants  in  a  summer  school  course  in  archaeology 
hosted  by  Ben  Gurion  University's  Archaeology  Division, 
ready  to  immerse  ourselves  in  the  first  season  of  the  Land 
of  Gerar  Expedition.  However,  the  war  in  Lebanon,  though 
far  away  from  us,  reached  into  our  daily  lives  as  we 
followed  the  latest  radio  bulletins  and  worried  about 
friends  and  colleagues.  Even  though  the  events  of  the  day 
were  always  in  mind,  the  intensive  academic  and  field 
research  program  on  which  we  had  embarked  absorbed  our 
energies  quite  completely  as  the  summer  continued. 

The  Land  of  Gerar  Expedition  is  the  most  recent  phase  of 
the  archaeological  field  research  conducted  by  Ben 
Gurion 's  Archaeology  Division  in  the  Sinai  and  Negev. 
Directed  by  Professor  Eliezer  D.  Oren,  chairman  of  the 
Division,  the  project  focuses  on  the  region  of  Nahal  Gerar 
in  the  Northern  Negev,  an  area  with  a  rich  and  varied 
history  in  antiquity.  Some  of  the  earliest  evidence  for 
urban  society  dates  to  the  Chalcolithic  Period  (4th 
Millennium  B.C.E.)  in  this  region.  Later,  Canaanite, 
Philistine,  Judahite  and  Israelite  cultures  flourished  in  the 
region.  During  the  late  Bronze  Age  (1500-1200  B.C.E.) 
Egypt  occupied  the  area.  In  the  First  Millennium  B.C.E. 
the  Assyrians  incorporated  the  region  into  their 
administrative  system,  as  would  the  Roman  and  Byzantine 
Empires  in  later  times.  Situated  on  the  major  route  from 
the  Sinai  into  Canaan,  the  area  saw  the  overland 
commercial  traffic  that  passed  between  Egypt  and  the  rest 
of  the  Near  East  as  well  as  the  armies  of  Egypt,  Assyria, 
Babylonia  and  Persia.  The  region  was  also  the  scene  of 
intensive  interaction  between  its  settled  inhabitants  and 
nomadic  groups  from  the  desert  to  the  south.  The  strategic 
and  economic  importance  of  the  area  throughout  antiquity 
IS  dramatically  underscored  by  a  large  number  of  ancient 
mounds  that  represent  settlements  dating  from  prehistoric 
to  medieval  times. 

The  Biblical  record  provides  glimpses  into  the  character 
and  history  of  the  Land  of  Gerar  from  the  time  that  "they 
(the  sons)  of  Ham  (Egypt)  dwelt  there  of  old"  (I  Chron. 
4:39-40)  through  the  invasion  of  Zerah  the  Ethiopian 
during  the  reign  of  Asa  (II  Chron.  14).  Perhaps  the  most 
famous  references  to  the  region  occur  in  the  Patriarchal 
Narratives  that  recount  the  activities  of  Abraham  and 
Isaac  in  the  Land  of  Gerar  Sojourning  in  the  area,  the 
Patriarchs  found  pasture  for  their  flocks  and  dug  wells  for 
their  sheep,  though  water  rights  became  a  subject  of 
dispute  between  Isaac's  herdsmen  and  herdsmen  of  Gerar 
Attesting  to  the  fertility  of  the  land.  Genesis  26:12  reports 
that  Isaac  "sowed  in  that  land  and  reaped  in  the  same  year 
a  hundredfold."  Both  Abraham  and  Isaac  made  covenants 
with  King  Abimelech  of  the  Land  of  Gerar,  in  the  first 
instance  after  that  king's  designs  on  Sarah  almost  brought 
ruin  upon  him.  In  these  and  other  references,  the  Land  of 
Gerar  is  portrayed  in  the  Bible  as  a  rich  and  fertile  region 
that  figured  prominently  in  the  history  of  the  Hebrews. 

Two  components  of  the  Land  of  Gerar  Project  are  the 
excavation  of  a  large  Chalcolithic  site  on  Nahal  Gerar  and 
the  excavation  of  Tel  Haror,  the  largest  Bronze  and  Iron  Age 


The  Summer  Program 


site  in  the  region.  The  Chalcohthic  site  extends  tor  almost 
half  a  kilometer  along  Nahal  Gerar  and  preserves  important 
evidence  for  the  beginning  of  urbanization  and  the 
development  of  early  technologies.  The  Brandeis  group 
Vk'as  involved  primarily  v^fith  Tel  Haror  (Tell  Abu-Hureireh), 
a  large  (40  acres)  and  imposing  site  situated  on  the  main 
road  from  Gaza  to  Beer  Sheba.  In  one  corner  of  the  site  a 
five  acre  fortified  acropolis  rises  from  the  lower  city; 
elsewhere  Nahal  Gerar  winds  around  two  sides  of  the  site. 
The  entire  site  is  part  of  Ya'ar  Sharsheret,  a  wooded 
recreation  area.  Surrounding  fields  are  under  cultivation, 
and  the  nahal  (the  river  bed]  itself  is  lush  year  round  with 
heavy  vegetation.  Seeing  the  area  around  Tel  Haror  as  green 
and  fertile  as  it  is,  one  can  easily  understand  how  the  tribe 
of  Simeon,  when  they  entered  the  Land  of  Gerar  to  pasture 
their  flocks.  ".  .  .  found  rich  pasture  and  good  and  the  land 
was  quiet  and  peaceful"  (I  Chron  4:39^0).  Today,  when  the 
local  Bedouin  herd  their  flocks  through  the  harvested 
fields,  the  scene  from  Tel  Haror  is  much  as  it  must  have 
been  over  the  millennia. 

The  ancient  name  for  Tel  Haror  has  long  been  disputed  by 
scholars.  It  has  been  suggested  that  it  was  the  city  of  Gerar 
itself.  If  so,  it  would  have  been  the  dominant  city  in  the 
area  and  the  one  from  which  that  region  of  the  Negev  took 
its  name.  It  is  hoped  that  evidence  will  be  revealed  in  the 
course  of  excavations  to  clarify  the  identification  of  the 
site.  Whatever  its  ancient  name,  this  important  tel 
certainly  played  a  critical  role  in  the  history  of  the  area 
from  the  third  through  the  first  millennia  B.C.E. 


The  expedition  was  based  at  Ben  Gurion  University  where 
housing,  laboratories  and  classrooms  were  available  to  the 
project.  In  addition,  the  library,  its  archaeological 
exhibitions  and  other  academic  facilities  were  open  to 
project  participants.  On  the  lighter  side,  the  tennis  courts 
were  open  into  the  evening,  and  the  University  swimming 
pool  offered  a  very  welcome  relief  from  the  heat  of  the  day. 

The  Brandeis  group  arrived  July  19  for  an  orientation  week 
that  included  a  full  day  of  lectures  at  Ben  Gurion  and  a 
three-day  archaeological  tour.  Sites  near  the  Dead  Sea  were 
visited,  most  memorable  Ein  Gedi  with  its  associations 
with  King  David  and  its  Chalcohthic  temple  and  Qumran, 
before  arriving  at  Jericho,  considered  by  some  the  most 
ancient  city  in  the  world.  Jerusalem's  wealth  of 
archaeological  sites  were  examined  and  an  entire  morning 
was  devoted  to  the  ongoing  City  of  David  Excavations. 
Professor  Yigal  Shiloh,  director  of  the  City  of  David 
Project,  guided  the  group  through  all  phases  of  his 
excavations  and  provided  valuable  insight  into  the  past 
and  present  at  his  site. 

With  the  arrival  of  other  volunteers  from  the  United  States 
and  Britain  July  25,  a  group  of  about  sixty  Israeli  and 
foreign  students,  volunteers  and  staff  was  assembled  to 
begin  work  July  26  at  the  two  sites.  On  the  first  day  of 
excavation,  the  schedule  that  would  be  followed  for  the 
entire  four  weeks  of  field  work  was  established.  Awakened 
at  3:45  am,  the  participants  had  first  breakfast  at  the 
dormitories  and  left  in  a  caravan  of  a  jeep,  a  land  rover,  a 
bus  and  some  private  cars  for  the  half-hour  trip  to  the  site. 
By  5  am,  tools  were  distributed  and  work  had  begun.  The 
heaviest  physical  work  of  the  day  was  undertaken  early  to 
take  advantage  of  the  relative  cool  of  the  morning  hours. 
After  second  breakfast  at  9  am,  the  lighter  and  less 
demanding  tasks  could  be  accomplished.  By  12:30  the 
group  was  heading  back  to  the  University  for  lunch  and  a 
siesta  before  late  afternoon  classes  and  other  activities. 
Once  a  week  the  group  went  on  a  field  trip  to  an 
archaeological  site  in  the  region.  In  the  course  of  the 
season,  Arad,  Tel  Sheba,  Kornub  and  Tel  Jemmeh  were 
visited.  By  dinner  time  at  7  pm,  most  participants  were 
ready  for  sleep,  but  some  chose  to  join  Ben  Gurion  student 
activities,  to  visit  Beer  Sheba's  ice  cream  shops,  or  to  play 
tennis. 

Before  this  summer  only  surface  exploration  of  the  site  had 
taken  place.  Thus,  when  the  summer's  work  began,  the 
Brandeis  group  and  other  team  members  were  the  first  to 
excavate  the  tel.  On  the  first  morning  no  one  could  help 
but  feel  awed  by  the  monumental  task  that  had  been 
undertaken.  Working  with  hand  tools  in  only  one  corner  of 
a  very  large  site,  a  relatively  small  group  of  people  was 
beginning  the  opening  of  an  ancient  city  in  the  effort  to  lay 
bare  successive  phases  of  its  history.  The  lessons  of 
patience,  diligence  and  hard  work  were  learned  early  as 
first  the  weeds  were  cleared  from  the  squares  and  then  the 
remains  of  buildings  and  ancient  material  culture  began  to 
appear. 

Efforts  during  the  first  season  were  directed  at  testing 
certain  hypotheses  about  the  site,  ascertaining  the  extent 
and  configuration  of  fortifications  and  the  settlement  and 
identifying  periods  of  occupation.  During  the  first  week, 
three  teams  excavated  on  the  bank  of  the  nahal.  in  what 


15 


was  believed  to  be  the  lower  city,  and  in  the  possible 
location  of  the  main  city  gate.  The  remains  of  buildings 
dating  to  the  Iron  Age  started  to  appear  early  in  the  lower 
city  area.  The  first  evidence  consisted  of  a  courtyard  with  a 
cooking  installation  and  the  remains  of  storage  facilities. 
As  the  season  progressed,  this  area  produced  further  Iron 
Age  features  including  mud-brick  walls  of  buildings,  a 
large  grain  silo,  and  a  pit  whose  contents  of  iron  slag  and 
ash  point  to  metal-working.  Among  the  pottery  unearthed 
were  Philistine  and  other  Iron  Age  pieces,  including  a 
beautifully  preserved  set  of  storage  vessels.  Located  only 
inches  below  the  surface,  these  vessels  were  discovered 
and  single-handedly  excavated  by  Andrew  Sherman,  '84. 

The  team  working  on  the  bank  of  the  nahal  in  conjunction 
with  the  expedition's  geologist  demonstrated  that  the 
steep  angle  (c.  30°)  of  the  gorge  appeared  to  be  a  natural 
formation.  Thus,  the  ancient  settlers  of  the  site  took 
advantage  of  the  defensive  potential  of  the  nahal  when 
establishing  the  city.  This  team,  accustomed  to  working 
on  such  a  problem,  moved  to  the  slope  of  the  acropolis 
where  their  efforts  revealed  a  monumental  earth  and  stone 
glacis  extending  from  the  base  of  the  acropolis  to  its  top.  In 
an  excellent  state  of  preservation,  the  glacis  has  parallels 
in  a  number  of  sites  in  the  region  and  dates  to  the  Middle 
Bronze  Age  (19th-17th  centuries  B.C.E.),  according  to  the 
pottery  evidence. 

After  a  week  of  excavation,  the  gate  still  eluded  the 
excavators.  This  team  left  what  they  had  dubbed  "the 


ghost  gate"  and  moved  onto  the  acropolis  itself.  Again, 
very  close  to  the  surface,  mud-brick  began  to  appear  Soon, 
over  a  four-square  area,  the  features  of  a  four  meter  wide 
mud-brick  wall  could  be  traced  and  extending  towers 
could  be  discerned.  Undoubtedly  part  of  a  fortification 
system,  this  massive  structure  reflects  Assyrian  Period 
building  techniques  as  known  from  other  sites.  In  other 
squares  on  the  acropolis,  the  remains  of  courtyards  and 
buildings  could  be  seen  by  the  end  of  the  season.  Pottery 
from  the  Iron  Age  III  Period  was  abundant,  as  was  material 
from  the  Middle  Bronze  Period,  reflecting  the  earlier  phase 
of  occupation  described  by  the  glacis. 

The  acropolis  of  Tel  Haror  has  continued  in  significance 
long  past  antiquity.  The  tel  takes  its  name  in  Arabic,  Tell 
Abu-Hureireh,  from  Sheikh  Abu-Hureireh  whose  tomb  is 
located  on  one  corner  of  the  acropolis.  A  particularly  holy 
man,  Abu-Hureireh  was  believed  to  have  had  special 
powers  of  intercession  with  God.  Even  today.  Bedouin 
families  visit  the  tomb  with  a  sacrificial  animal  to  ask  for 
Abu-Hureireh's  help  in  sickness  or  difficulty.  Many  a 
Bedouin  family  walked  through  the  excavations  to  the 
tomb,  and  some  invited  the  teams  to  join  in  the  sacrificial 
meal.  Although  the  hospitality  and  welcome  were 
appreciated,  the  teams  declined  politely.  The  tel  was  the 
site  of  warfare  between  the  British  and  the  Turks  in  World 
War  I,  and  the  remains  of  trenches  and  other  reminders  of 
that  conflict  turned  up  in  the  excavations.  For  years,  the 
acropolis  and  the  surrounding  fields  have  been  training 
grounds  for  Israeli  helicopter  pilots.  The  expedition  was 
visited  regularly  by  military  helicopters  practicing 
landings  on  the  high  ground  of  the  site.  On  occasion,  a 
curious  young  pilot  would  disembark  to  greet  the  teams 
and  be  offered  refreshment  from  the  water  supplies.  While 
the  group  worked  to  reveal  the  past,  it  was  constantly 
reminded  of  the  continuity  of  tradition  as  well  as  the 
realities  of  the  present  through  the  daily  events  at  the  tel. 

At  the  end  of  the  season,  the  important  sections  of  the  site 
were  covered  with  plastic  sheets  weighted  with  stones  and 
a  protective  layer  of  earth,  so  as  not  to  be  lost  before  next 
year. 

This  past  summer  marked  the  first  season  of  cooperation 
between  Brandeis  and  Ben  Gurion  University  in  the  Land 
of  Gerar  Expedition.  Brandeis  students  and  others  will  be 
able  to  study  archaeology  and  related  fields  in  Israel  in 
conjunction  with  this  project  at  least  for  the  next  decade. 
It  will  take  that  long  to  even  begin  to  reveal  the  extent  and 
importance  of  Tel  Haror  and  its  environs. 


Musicals  of  the  "Me  Generation" 


by  John  Bush  Jones 


John  Bush  Jones,  lecturer  with  the  rank  of 
professor  in  the  Department  of  Theater 
Arts,  is  a  recognized  expert  on  musical 
theater.  A  former  theater  critic  for  the 
Kansas  City  Star  and  the  Boston  Phoenix, 
Professor  fones  has  taught  theater  arts 
courses  and  directed  theatrical 
productions  at  Brandeis  since  1978. 


"To  fight  for  the  right  without 
question  or  pause. 

To  be  wiUing  to  march  into  hell  for  a 
heavenly  cause!" 


These  lines  from  "The  Impossible 
Dream" — the  most  popular  song  from 
the  musical  Man  of  La  Mancha — 
fairly  define  the  spirit  of  the  mid- 
1960s,  and  are  an  obvious  product  of 
the  sixties'  sensibilities.  The  idealism 
and  other-directedness  of  that  most 
idealistic  and  other-directed  decade  is 
the  essence  not  just  of  this  song  but 
the  entire  show  whose  double  plot 
recounts  the  imprisonment  of  Miguel 
de  Cervantes  and  the  adventures  of 
his  fictional  would-be  knight  Don 
Quixote.  The  message  of  La  Mancha 
is  clear:  see  the  world  as  better  than  it 
is  and  make  it  so. 


And  the  message  that  a  Broadway 
musical  in  1965  was  making  such  a 
statement  is  equally  clear:  as  one  of 
the  few  indigenous  American  popular 
art  forms,  the  musical  (a  better,  more 
encompassing  term  than  "musical 
comedy")  not  only  caters  to  the  taste 
but  also  often  accurately  reflects  the 
prevailing  social  values  and  even 
psychological  state  of  the  American 
people.  The  sixties  were  years  of 
causes — civil  rights,  the  anti-Vietnam 
protest,  the  beginnings  of  the 
women's  movement — and  the 
orientation  was  toward  the  group,  not 
the  individual.  It  was  a  "can  do" 


Photos  by  Martha  Swope 


1^   decade,  infused  with  the  belief  that  if 
enough  people  joined  together  and 
pushed  hard  enough,  they  could  turn 
the  country's  thinking  and  feeling 
around.  By  the  early  seventies,  the 
minority  voice  had  become  the 
majority  voice  on  most  of  the  sixties' 
major  issues,  and  accordingly,  the 
mood  of  America  shifted  once  again. 

Individuals  began  turning  inward, 
introspection  replacing  altruism.  And 
this  not  out  of  disillusionment  with 
idealistic  causes  and  efforts  of  the 
group,  but  because  the  causes  and  the 
groups  had  accomplished  their  aims 
almost  too  well.  With  no  more  team 
and  no  more  game  to  play,  everyone 
was  an  isolated  entity  again.  People 
alone,  no  longer  a  part  of  group  efforts, 
suddenly  had  the  time  to  look  at 
themselves  by  themselves.  The 
coherence  of  cause-orientation  gave 
way  to  fragmentation  and  a  kind  of 
inner-directed  egocentricity. 

The  effect  on  American  musical 
theater — and  it  seems  to  be  a  direct 
one — of  this  shift  in  social  orientation 
from  the  cause  to  the  self  was  both 
immediate  and  staggering.  Not  only 
was  there  suddenly  a  whole  new 
subject  matter  for  musical  plays,  a 
whole  new  perspective  to  express,  but 
the  societal  fragmentation  even  gave 
rise  to  a  wholly  revolutionary  form  or 
shape  of  music-drama  in  the 
commercial  theatre.  Traditionally,  or 
at  least  since  the  Rodgers  and 
Hammerstein  breakthrough  with 
Oklahoma!  in  1943,  most  major 
musicals  had  depended  on  a  strong 
plot,  more  or  less  plausible  characters, 
and  song  and  dance  numbers  growing 
logically  from  the  story-line,  the 
lyncs  a  natural  extension  of  the 
spoken  dialogue.  (By  contrast,  the 
flimsy  stories  of  the  "formula 
musicals"  of  the  twenties  and  thirties 
most  often  had  been  mere  excuses  for 
introducing  songs  destined  for  the  Hit 
Parade  and  irrelevant  routining  by  the 
leading  comedians.)  The  so-called 
integrated  musicals  of  the  forties, 
fifties,  and  sixties  most  closely 
resemble  conventional  realistic 
drama,  with  the  well-defined 
dramatic  progression  of  exposition, 
complication,  crisis,  and  resolution, 
plus  the  obvious,  but  closely-knit, 
addition  of  song  and  dance. 

As  early  as  1968,  however,  musicals 
with  a  whole  new  look  and  attitude 
began  to  appear,  musicals  that  have 


been  variously  called  "non-plot" 
musicals  and  "concept"  musicals,  but 
which  more  accurately  and 
descriptively  are  best  termed 
"fragmented"  musicals.  In  these 
shows,  a  rudimentary  plot  may  exist 
at  almost  a  subliminal  level,  but  the 
cause  and  effect  story-telling  of 
conventional  plot  construction  gives 
way  to  action  (as  well  as  idea  and 
point  of  view)  driven  forward  instead 
by  a  series  of  disjunct  scenes, 
vignettes,  musical  numbers,  and 
visual  and  auditory  images.  The 
fragmented  musical  differs  from  the 
revue  in  that  the  latter,  also  a  series  of 


songs,  dance  routines,  and  dialogue 
sketches,  is  conceived  primarily  as 
pure  entertainment  (or  perhaps  with 
some  gently  satiric  thrust,  as  in  Julius 
Monk's  "Upstairs  at  the  Downstairs" 
revues),  but  the  various  numbers  are 
otherwise  unrelated  except  perhaps  by 
association  with  a  particular 
composer/performer  {Ain  't 
Misbehavin'],  social  and  musical 
milieu  [Bubbling  Brown  Sugar),  or 
mode  of  performance  [Dancin']. 

Fragmented  musicals  may  also  lack 
(or  de-emphasize)  a  story,  but  they 
contain  fully  developed  characters 
and  focus  sharply  on  a  central 
thematic  statement  in  their 
progressions  of  seemingly  random, 
discrete  songs  and  scenes.  That  theme 
is  invariably  personal,  an  inward- 
turning  look  at  individual  psychology, 
as  opposed  to  the  outward-turning 
social  and  goal-directed  musicals  of 
the  sixties  and  before.  In  this  sense, 
the  fragmented  musical's  correlation 
with  the  shifting  social  phenomenon 
of  the  seventies  is  patently  evident. 
As  Americans  turned  into 
themselves,  as  the  group  splintered 
into  isolated — often  alienated — 
individuals,  so  was  this  expressed  in 
the  thought  and  the  very  form  of  the 
major  musicals  of  the  decade. 


It  all  started  in  1968  with  Hair,  billed 
as  "The  American  Tribal  Love-Rock 
Musical."  Professing  to  describe  and 
extol  the  virtues  of  the  anti- 
establishment,  counter-cultural 
movement  of  the  decade's 
communally-centered  "hippies"  and 
"flower  children,"  Hair  was  the  first 
important  musical  to  break  with  the 
conventions  of  traditional  dramatic 
form  in  favor  of  the  fragmented, 
episodic  structure  just  described. 
Scenes  and  songs  crashed  together  in 
what  looked  like  a  haphazard,  almost 
psychedelic  sequence,  each  one 
revealing  some  aspect  of  the  life-style 
and  motivations  of  "The  Tribe,"  as  the 
show's  youthful  personages  are 
collectively  called.  The  significance, 
commitment,  and  euphoria  of  such 
shared  experiences  as  draft  resistance, 
social  protest,  group  love,  and  tripping 
on  drugs  were  celebrated  in  an  effort 
to  educate  Hair's  essentially  middle- 
class  audience  to  the  essence  of  the 
hippie  counter-culture. 

And  yet,  though  Hair  was  deliberately 
a  poem  in  praise  of  the  communal 
way  of  life,  questioning  self-doubt  and 
criticism  crept  into  the  script  and 
songs.  Here  were  planted  the  very 
seeds  of  the  self-centered  "Me 
Generation"  of  the  seventies  and  the 
musicals  born  of  that  movement 
toward  personal  self-reevaluation.  At 
one  point  one  of  the  main  characters. 
Sheila,  laments  Berger's  indifference 
towards  her,  asking, 

How  can  people  be  so  heartless 

Especially  people  who  care 

About  strangers 

Who  care  about  evil  and 

Social  injustice. 

Do  you  only  care  about 

The  bleeding  crowd? 

How  about  a  needing  friend? 

And  Claude,  confused  about  whether 
to  evade  the  draft,  sings: 

Where  do  I  go 
Follow  my  heartbeat 
Where  do  I  go, 
Follow  my  hand 

Where  will  they  lead  me, 
And  will  I  ever 
Discover  why 
I  live  and  die? 


In  these  words  of  Sheila  and  Claude 
are  the  two  central  outcries  of  the  Me 
Generation.  The  first  affirms  a 
position  of  "Hey,  look  at  me — I  may 
not  be  the  masses  who  are  the  object 
of  your  enormous  social  causes,  just  a 
paltry  individual,  but  /  count  too.  Pay 
attention  to  me!"  The  second,  less 
secure,  asks,  "Who  am  I?  Where  am  I 
going?  What  do  I  mean-."  The 
individual,  with  his  personal  doubts 
or  personal  assertion  of  worth,  has 
split  from  the  group,  and  with  the 
very  first  year  of  the  decade  of  the 
seventies,  Broadway's  major  musicals 
began  to  convey  one  or  both  of  these 
attitudes  both  as  their  core  concern 
and  through  their  fragmented, 
introspective  structure. 

In  1970,  George  Furth  and  Stephen 
Sondheim's  Company  dramatized  the 
quandry  of  Robert,  a  35-year-old  New 
York  City  bachelor  asking  himself  a 
single,  simple  question:  whether  or 
not  to  marry.  His  answer  vacillates  as 
he  observes  the  five  married  couples 
who  are  his  closest  friends  and 
interacts  with  the  three  women  who 
are  his  more  or  less  casual  lovers.  By 
the  end  of  two  acts  containing 
numerous  disconnected  scenes,  the 
order  of  which  could  be  endlessly 
rearranged  with  little  material  effect 
on  the  story,  Bobby  is  right  where  he 
started:  he  has  come  to  no  decision. 
Like  its  protagonist's  mind-set,  the 
structure  of  the  musical  and  each  of 
its  scenes  is  completely  open-ended. 
As  Furth  and  Sondheim  probe  the 
psychology  of  Bobby  and  company, 
their  theme  is  ambivalence,  their 
method  dramatic  ambiguity  and 
paradox.  Questions  are  asked,  none 
answered.  Every  song  reveals  a  duality 
in  the  minds  of  the  characters  singing 
them,  as  they  query  the  validity  of  the 
lives  they  lead  and  the  choices  they 
have  made  or  are  trying  to  make. 
When  Bobby  asks  one  of  the 
husbands,  "Harry,  are  you  ever  sorry 
you  got  married,"  his  reply  begins: 

You're  always  sorry, 

You're  always  grateful 

You're  always  wondering  what  might 

have  been 

Then  she  walks  in. 

And  still  you're  sorry 

And  still  you're  grateful 

And  still  you  wonder  and  still  you 

doubt, 

And  she  goes  out. 


Typical  of  the  entire  show,  each 
polarity  in  this  lyric  is  perfectly 
balanced;  nothing  is  ever  resolved. 

That  the  emphasis  of  Company  is  not 
on  a  plot  but  on  the  workings  of 
individual  psychology  is  borne  out  by 
the  interpretation  given  to  the  play's 
overall  framework  by  its  Broadway 
director,  Harold  Prince.  Each  act  opens 
and  closes  with  a  surprise  birthday 
party  for  Robert.  Are  these  different 
parties?  Do  the  show's  disparate 
vignettes  span  a  period  of  four  years  of 
forward-moving  action?  No,  says. 
Prince,  they  are  all  the  same  party,  and 
the  gathering  of  friends  triggers 
Robert's  instantaneous  thoughts  on 
the  choice  to  marry  or  not.  Thus,  the 
entire  two-and-a-half  hour  fragmented 
musical  takes  place  inside  Bobby's 
head  in  what  would  be  only  a  few 
moments  of  "real"  time. 

While  its  episodic  action  does  move 
forward  in  time,  Stephen  Schwartz's 
Pippin  (1972)  is  thematically  akin  to 
Company.  It,  too,  is  a  Me  Generation 
musical  of  the  questioning  variety,  at 
its  center  a  hopelessly  lost  soul  trying 
to  find  itself.  A  musical  which,  save 
for  Bob  Fosse's  dazzling  choreography, 
is  remarkable  in  its  triviality.  Pippin 
recounts  the  fabricated  adventures  of 
Charlemagne's  young  son  trying  to 
figure  out  what  to  do  with  his  life. 
Through  two  acts,  he  flounders 
around  in  war,  diplomacy,  hedonistic 
sensuality,  and  romantic  love  in  an 
effort  to  discover  where  he  belongs: 

Rivers  belong  where  they  can  ramble, 
Eagles  belong  where  they  can  fly, 
I've  got  to  be  where  my  spirit  can  run 
free — 
Got  to  find  my  comer  of  the  sky. 

By  the  end,  romantic  love — too 
patly — has  the  leading  edge  as  a 
solution  to  personal  fulfillment,  but 
as  in  Company,  more  questions  are 
asked  than  answers  given.  The 
interest,  of  course,  lies  not  in  this 
historical  Pippin,  Son  of 
Charlemagne,  but  in  Schwartz's 
Pippin,  latter-day  Everyman  of  the  Me 
Generation,  an  alienated  individual 
looking  for  identity  and  belonging. 

In  other  fragmented  musicals,  the 
characters  know  who  they  are,  and 
their  chief  business  is  to  let  us  know 
they  know  and  force  us  to  be 
cognizant  of  them  as  people.  The  Me 
Nobody  Knows  (1970)— even  the  title 


18 


19  is  telling — makes  a  strong  assertion  of 
individual  dignity  among  the  least 
advantaged.  Based  on  writings  by 
children  in  Harlem  and  Bedford- 
Stuyvesant,  this  musical  asks  the 
audience  to  look  beneath  the 
impersonal  social  issues  and  see  some 
of  the  actual  personalities  wfho  just 
happen  to  be  members  of  those  groups 
of  blacks,  hispanics,  or  poor  whites 
that  en  masse  are  the  objects  of  our 
liberal  causes.  "Don't  lose  me  in  the 
crowd,"  the  show  seems  to  say,  as  it 
presents  through  song  and  monologue 
the  inner  feelings,  fears,  and  hopes  of 
these  ghetto  kids;  and,  quite 
realistically,  not  all  the  kids'  thoughts 
are  admirable.  Along  with  pride  and 
anticipation  of  betterment,  they 
express  anger,  selfishness,  hostility. 
Typical  are  the  opening  lines  of  the 
first  act  finale,  as  the  children  dream 
of  money; 

If  I,  if  I  had  a  million,  million  dollars. 

Tell  you  what  I'd  do 

I  wouldn't  take  no  more  bullshit  from 

anyone. 

Not  from  the  Man,  and  not  from  you! 

Yet  they  conclude  with,  "I  wouldn't  be 
nobody  better  than  me."  They  aren't 
seeking  to  be  different,  only  to  be 
understood  as  individual  human 
beings,  not  as  the  faceless 
components  of  ethnic  groups,  or, 
worse  yet,  stereotypes. 

In  1978,  Elizabeth  Swados  attempted 
to  clone  The  Me  Nobody  Knows  in 
her  musical  paean  to  New  York's 
street  kids.  Runaways.  Too  didactic 
(it's  all  the  parents'  fault  that  kids  go 
bad  and  run)  and  too  maudlinly 
sentimental  about  the  plight  of  the 
runaways,  the  show  lacks  the 
toughminded  objectivity,  though 
following  the  same  fragmented  format 
of  monologue  and  song,  of  its  spiritual 
progenitor.  It  is  less  successful  both  as 
statement  and  as  theater. 

Eminently  successful  is  the  first  of 
the  Me  Generation  musicals  to 
combine  introspective  questions  with 
assertions  of  self-worth  in  a  single 
show — Michael  Bennett,  Edward 
Kleban,  Marvin  Hamlisch,  fames 
Kirkwood,  and  Nicholas  Dante's  A 
Chorus  Line  (1975).  Though  it  has  a 
stronger  story-line  than  the  other 
fragmented  musicals,  the  plot  is  the 
least  interesting  thing  about  the  play. 
Yes,  there  is  some  suspense  about 
which  eight  aspiring  dancers  will  be 


cast  in  the  show  whose  audition  is  the 
single  setting  of  this  musical,  and  we 
are  made  to  care  somewhat  about  who 
is  finally  chosen.  But  we  are  made  to 
care  not  through  seeing  the  characters 
interact  in  a  conventional  story,  but 
through  the  psychological  probing  of 
their  backgrounds  and  motivations 
as  dancers,  while  Zack  the 
choreographer  puts  each  "gypsy" 
(Broadway  chorus  dancer)  through  a 
rigorous  interview  and  audition. 
These  separate  scenes  pointedly 
reveal  the  dancers'  self-knowledge, 
self-esteem,  and  self-doubts.  They 
question  the  relationship  between 
their  public  and  private  selves:  "Who 
am  I,  anyway?  Am  I  my  resume?  Am  I 
the  picture  of  a  person  I  don't  know?" 
They  know  and  proclaim  their 
abilities:  "I  can  do  that!"  Some  realize 
they  dance  to  escape  broken  personal 
lives:  "Everything  is  beautiful  at  the 
ballet.  You  raise  your  arms  and 
someone's  always  there."  And  all 
recognize  that  dancing,  though  central 
to  their  entire  life,  is  a  transitory  thing 
that  must  someday  be  given  up  or 
passed  on  to  new  youthful  aspirants: 

Look,  my  eyes  are  dry. 
The  gift  was  ours  to  borrow. 
It's  as  if  we  always  knew 
And  I  won't  forget 
What  I  did  for  love. 

In  all,  A  Chorus  Line  remains  the  best 
expression  of  both  self-affirmation 
and  self-examination  in  a  single 
fragmented  musical. 

Running  a  close  second  is  the 
"documentary  musical"  Working, 
adapted  by  Stephen  Schwartz  from 
Studs  Terkel's  book  of  the  same  name 
and  written  by  five  other  composers 
and  lyricists.  Again  a  series  of 
unconnected  songs  and  speeches, 
Working  celebrates  the  often- 
overlooked  human  beings  who 
comprise  America's  work-force,  not  so 
much  the  professionals,  but  the  little 
people — the  firemen,  construction 
workers,  waitresses,  newsboys, 
truckers,  housewives — whose 
individuality  is  too  often  lost  when  all 
we  see  is  the  result  of  their  work. 
Many  of  the  characters  complain  of 
tedious  jobs  or  wonder  what  else  they 
might  have  been,  but  throughout 
there  is  an  undercurrent  of  pride  ("It's 
an  art,  it's  an  art  to  be  a  fine 
waitress. To  see  that  you  pleasure  each 
guest.").  Overall,  Working  celebrates 
the  dignity  of  work  and  the  worth  of 


the  people  who  do  it.  Once  again  the 
focus  is  on  psychology,  not  plot  (there 
is  none),  and  the  inner  workings  of 
individuals,  even  in  the  group 
activities  of  labor. 

Working  was  the  last  of  the 
fragmented,  ego-centered  musicals  of 
the  Me  Generation,  and  as  the 
seventies  ended  and  the  eighties 
began,  Americans,  and  the  American 
musical  theater  started  to  reach  once 
again  for  a  more  firm  sense  of 
structure  both  in  life  and  art. 

Yet  the  fragmented  musicals  had  had 
their  effect.  The  potential  of  musical 
theater  to  turn  inward,  to  explore  the 
complexities  of  the  human  psyche, 
had  been  realized.  The  plots  of 
Stephen  Sondheim  and  Hugh 
Wheeler's  Sweeney  Todd  (1979)  and 
William  Finn's  March  of  the  Falsettos 
(1981)  are  conventional  in  their 
structure  and  powerful  in  their 
impact,  but  within  each  the  emphasis 
is  on  the  psychology  of  the  central 
character:  Todd's  growing  dementia  as 
he  seeks  revenge  for  his  wronged  wife 
and  life,  Marvin's  (in  Falsettos)  very 
contemporary  confusion  over  his 
sexual  identity  and  the  role 
expectations  he  has  for  his  ex-wife 
and  present  lover.  The  shape  of  the 
fragmented  musical  may  have  passed 
on  with  the  passing  of  the  Me 
Generation's  feelings  of 
fragmentation,  but  the  content  of 
these  musicals  showed  the  way  for 
composers,  playwrights,  and  lyricists 
to  effectively  incorporate  and  portray 
the  depths  of  human  thought  in  all  its 
complexity  in  their  writing  of  musical 
productions — whatever  the  form. 


Freshmen: 
Introducing  the 
Class  of  '86 


It  happens  every  year,  during 
those  last  balmy  days  of 
summer;  first  in  a  trickle, 
then  in  full  flow,  freshmen 
flock  to  universities.  Last 
August,  the  scene  at 
Brandeis  was  no  different 
from  that  at  other  college 
campuses. 

Past  the  signs  welcoming  the 
Class  of  '86,  carload  after 
carload  inched  its  way 
toward  the  clusters  of 
dormitories  and  toward  the 
college  experiences  which 
awaited  the  new  arrivals. 

For  some,  arriving  meant 
gathering  a  first-time  view 
of  the  campus.  For  others,  a 
prior  visit  had  provided  a 
modicum  of  familiarity. 

At  scattered  points  around 
campus,  tearful  goodbyes 
were  exchanged  as  parents, 
having  reassured  themselves 
of  their  child's  safe-keeping, 
prepared  for  the  homeward 
journey. 

Suddenly  left  on  their  own 
to  fend  for  themselves,  the 
young  men  and  women 
registered  mixed  emotions  at 
the  prospect. 

For  some  first-year  students, 
the  social  situation  felt 
awkward  and  fnghtemng, 
and  thoughts  of  classes 
brought  even  greater  waves 
of  anxiety.  For  others, 
orientation  week  was  fun- 
filled  and  fancy-free,  a  time 
to  acquaint  themselves  with 
new  faces  and  unexplored 
surroundings. 

Inside  the  dormitories,  first- 
year  students  were  busy 
settling  in:  unpacking 
trunks  and  deciding  just  how 
the  room  could  best  be 
arranged;  meeting 
roommates  and  neighbors, 
and  staying  up  half  the  night 
getting  to  know  them. 

But  more  than  the  nights 
were  long.  An  extensive 
daytime  program  of 
orientation  activities  kept 
incoming  students  absorbed 
and  amused,  as  they  learned 
about  the  University 
through  meetings  and  social 
events. 


Marking  the  formal 
beginning  of  the  freshman 
year  was  the  Freshmen 
Convocation — the  first  in 
Brandeis'  history — whose 
participants  included 
President  Marver  H. 
Bernstein,  Attila  O.  Klein, 
dean  of  the  college,  and 
academic  advisors  from  a 
wide  range  of  departments. 
Principal  speaker  was 
Stephen  J.  Whitfield, 
associate  professor  of 
American  studies. 

Students  taking  up  residence 
in  the  newly  renovated 
dormitories  met  with 
residence  hall  staff  to  discuss 
dorm  life  and  its  governing 
regulations. 

Academic  advising,  special 
counseling  for  foreign 
students,  discussions  of 
financial  aid  and  athletic 
team  meetings  were  only  a 
few  of  the  activities  vying 
for  time  in  a  freshman's  busy 
schedule. 

A  student  activities  fair 
enabled  incoming  students 
to  meet  representatives  from 
many  of  the  over-90  student 
organizations. 

Those  who  hadn't  had 
enough  running  around 
during  the  day  were  invited 
to  discover  their  favorite 
running  route  during  daily 
afternoon  exploratory  jogs. 

In  the  early  evening  hours, 
rollerskating,  campfiie  sings, 
and  non-competitive  games 
provided  an  easy,  relaxed 
atmosphere  in  which  to 
make  new  friends. 

And  there  were  planned 
events  off-campus  as  well. 
Students  headed  to 
Cambridge,  en  route  to  a 
venerable  Boston 
institution:  Steve's  Ice 
Cream. 

That  flavorful  treat  was 
followed  by  still  others: 
movies,  lectures,  chamber 
music  concerts,  and  a 
campus-wide  dance  party. 

All  of  which  could  leave  the 
Class  of  '86  in  only  one  of 
two  places:  either  utterly 


20 


exhausted  or  anxiously 
awaiting  its  first  year  of 
college.  That  year  began 
with  the  first  day  of  classes 
September  7. 


Of  the  731  members  ot  the 
freshman  class,  78  percent 
entered  Brandeis  from  public 
high  schools,  22  percent 
from  private  schools.  Eighty- 
three  percent  of  the  class 
graduated  in  the  top  quintile 
of  their  high  school  class. 
Median  SAT  scores  were  well 
above  the  national  average, 
confirming  the  high 
academic  caliber  of 
incoming  students.  The 
freshman  class,  44  percent  of 
whom  are  receiving  financial 
aid,  comes  to  Brandeis  from 
33  states,  Puerto  Rico,  and 
the  District  of  Columbia,  as 
well  as  from  16  foreign 
countries. 


Among  the  Class  of  '86: 


A  son  of  an  alumna  who 
won  the  Blue  Ridge 
Conference  and  Maryland 
Under  20  foil  championships. 

A  young  man  who  finished 
second  in  the  Permsylvania 
State  Junior  Bowling 
Championship. 

A  young  woman,  also  an 
alumni  child,  who  has  been 
a  professional  dancer  since 
age  1 1 .  She  has  performed 
with  the  New  York  City 
Ballet  and  the  American 
Ballet  Theater  II. 

A  young  man  from 
Kwajalein,  one  of  the 
Marshall  Islands  (3  miles 
long  and  Vi  mile  wide). 

A  young  violinist  who  has 
played  with  the  Greater 
Boston  Youth  Symphony,  the 
N.E.  Conservatory  and 
traveled  and  performed  in 
Pans,  Bogota  and  at 
Tanglewood. 

A  young  woman  who  was  a 
National  Council  of 
Teachers  of  English  Award 
winner. 

A  young  man,  an  actor,  a 
wrestler,  a  soccer  player,  who 
holds  a  brown  belt  in  Tae- 
Kwon-Do  and  whose  mother 
is  the  new  president  of  the 
Brandeis  Alumni 
Association! 

A  young  woman  who  lives 
on  a  horse  farm  in  Orono, 
Maine. 

A  young  woman  from  the 
Bronx  who  spent  a  summer 
working  on  an  Indian 
reservation  in  South  Dakota. 

A  congressional  page  who 
was  on  the  basketball  team 
and  was  editor  of  the 
newspaper  at  the  Capitol 
Page  School. 

A  young  man  who  speaks 
seven  languages. 

A  young  woman  who  is  a 
competitive  roUerskater  and 
hopes  to  be  in  the  National 
Rollerdance  Championships. 


A  young  woman  who  is  one 
of  ten  in  her  family. 

A  young  man  whose  father 
works  for  the  U.N.  and  both 
of  whose  parents  served  as 
Peace  Corps  volunteers  at 
one  time.  The  young  man 
has  lived  half  his  life  in 
Chile  and  Pakistan. 

A  young  woman 
photographer  who  won  first 
prize  in  a  Seventeen 
magazine  competition. 

A  young  man  from  Eugene, 
Oregon,  who  was  a  junior 
Olympic  qualifier  in  fencing 

An  oboe  player  who  won  1st 
prize  in  an  international 
competition. 

A  gold  medal  winner  with 
the  U.S.  Figure  Skating 
Association. 

A  student  body  president 
from  Hawaii. 

A  young  man  who  lives 
deep  in  the  Appalachian 
Mountains,  where  the 
nearest  town  is  22  miles 
away. 


Yiddish  Holocaust 
Poetry 


Translated  by 
Students 


In  the  Warsaw  Ghetto,  in  the  forests 
of  White  Russia,  in  the  death  camps 
of  Auschwitz  and  TrebUnka,  Jews 
trapped  in  the  stranglehold  of  Nazi 
atrocities  expressed,  in  poetry  and 
song,  their  hopes  and  their  despair, 
their  laughter  and  their  sorrow. 

A  selection  of  those  Yiddish  writings, 
along  with  English  translation,  was 
compiled  in  1979-80  by  six  students 
of  Yiddish  Literature  at  Brandeis.  With 
the  editorial  assistance  of  Joshua 
Rothenberg,  then  associate  professor 
of  Near  Eastern  and  Judaic  Studies, 
this  collection  of  translated  poems 
has  recently  been  published  by  the 
Department  of  Near  Eastern  and 
Judaic  Studies  under  the  title.  And 
They  Will  Call  Me 

Feeling  a  responsibility  to  use  their 
fluency  in  Yiddish  and  their 
knowledge  of  Yiddish  literature  in  a 
meaningful  way,  the  students  sought 
an  undertaking  which  would  be  both 
unique  and  scholastically  valuable. 
The  participants  included  then 
undergraduate  students  Ronald 
Buchholz  of  Maiden,  Massachusetts 
and  Nancy  Wiener  of  Hollywood, 
Florida  and  sophomore  David  Maisel 
of  Wellesley,  Massachusetts.  Graduate 
students  in  Near  Eastern  and  Judaic 
Studies  involved  in  the  project 
included  Sharon  Green  of  Willowdale, 
Ontario,  Michael  Steinlauf  of 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts  and  Zvika 
Schoenburg  of  San  Diego,  California. 

The  anthology  is  divided  into  four 
sections  and  includes  poetry  from 
several  sources.  In  the  first  three 
sections  are  poems  authored  by  men 
and  women  in  the  ghettos,  in  the 
death  camps  and  among  the  armed 
resistance  fighters.  The  poems  were 
written  both  by  survivors  of  the  war 
and  by  people  who  perished  in  the 
concentration  camps.  A  substantial 
portion  of  these  poems  was  gathered 
by  Yiddish  writer  and  partisan  fighter 
Shmerke  Kacherginsky  immediately 
following  the  war.  In  some  instances 
they  were  obtained  directly  from 
people  still  waiting  in  the  Displaced 
Persons  Camps.  The  final  section  of 
poems  contains  the  works  of 
recognized  Yiddish  poets  written  after 
the  war. 


In  deciding  which  poems  to  include  in 
the  collection,  the  students  placed 
more  importance  on  achieving  a  cross- 
section  of  responses  and  emotions 
than  on  the  poetic  value  of  an 
individual  piece.  While  the  scope  of 
the  publication  is  necessarily  limited. 
Professor  Rothenberg  and  his  students 
believe  their  collection  of  poems  is  a 
valuable  source  for  studying  and 
understanding  the  horrifying 
destruction  of  six  million  Jews. 

"The  victims  of  the  Holocaust  did  not 
leave  written  wills,  but  from  the 
scribbled  messages  on  the  walls  of  the 
chambers  of  death  and  from  what  they 
told  those  who  survived,  we  know 
that  their  unwritten  will  was 
'Remember  Us,  Remember  What  We 
Did  And  What  Was  Done  To  Us.' 
Handing  down  to  us  their  thoughts, 
feelings  and  emotions  expressed  in 
poetry  is  part  of  that  testament," 
Professor  Rothenberg  explains. 

The  six  students  endeavored  to 
provide  as  full  a  picture  as  possible  of 
the  responses  to  the  Holocaust.  There 
had  been  different  experiences  during 
those  years — for  Jews  in  the  ghettos, 
in  the  camps,  in  factories,  for  those 
hiding  with  Christian  families.  Just  as 
there  was  a  full  range  of  experiences, 
so  also  was  there  a  full  range  of 
responses.  Even  laughter  in  the 
shadow  of  death. 

Speaking  on  behalf  of  the  student 
translators,  Michael  Steinlauf  notes 
that  the  wide  range  of  human 
responses  reflected  in  these  poems 
belies  the  stereotypical  notions  often 
associated  with  Jews  of  this  tragic 
period.  The  image  of  the  passive 
victim  as  well  as  that  of  the 
uncompromising  rebel  partisan,  he 
claims,  are  merely  the  extremes  of  a 
continuum  which  comprised  millions 
who,  with  fear  and  defiance,  anger  and 
faith,  sought  to  answer  a  single 
question:  Why? 

Historical  documentation  of  the 
period,  vital  as  it  is,  is  not  enough, 
Professor  Rothenberg  contends.  He 
maintains  that  these  poems — 
themselves  a  valuable  form  of 
documentation — afford  us  small  but 
important  glimpses  into  the  lives  of 
ordinary  Jews,  struggling  to  survive, 
and  make  sense  of,  the  madness 
threatening  to  engulf  them. 


The  meaning  behind  the  collection's 
title  is  made  clear  in  the  anthology's 
Introduction  when  the  six  translators 
ask;  "These  voices  call  to  us  out  of 
the  silence  of  a  murdered  world — can 
we  hear  them?" 

But,  they  go  on  to  state,  ".  .  .  if,  for  the 
English  reader,  the  tiniest  bit  of  life 
stirs  out  of  the  silence,  all  our  efforts 
will  have  been  worthwhile." 


22 


And  They  Will  Call  Me  . . . 

is  available  through  the  Department  of 

Near  Eastern  and  Judaic  Studies, 

Brandeis  University, 

Waltham,  Massachusetts  02254 

or  by  phoning  617-647-2647. 

Price;  $6.00  plus  $1.25  postage  & 
handling. 


Poems  reprinted  with  permission  of 
publisher 


The  Little  Smuggler 


Oy 


Warsaw 
Fragment 


Henryka  Lazowert 


Aaron  Zeitlin 


Author  Unknown 


23  Through  walls,  through  holes,  through 
ruins. 

Through  wire  there's  a  way  too. 
Barefoot,  hungry  and  thirsty. 
Like  a  snake  I  slither  through. 

At  noon,  at  night,  or  at  sunrise. 
In  terrible  heat  or  rain. 
You  cannot  begrudge  me  my  profit, 
I  wager  my  neck  for  my  gain. 

I  carry  a  sack  on  my  shoulders. 
No  end  to  the  road  is  in  sight, 
I  drag  in  my  arms  a  bundle. 
And  look  all  around  me  in  fright. 

I  put  aside  my  worries, 

Poverty,  pain  and  need, 

I  must  remember  tomorrow 

My  mother  needs  something  to  eat. 

Through  holes,  through  bricks, 
through  walls. 

At  dawn,  or  at  noon,  or  at  night 
One  day  I'll  be  lost,  I  am  certain. 
An  end  will  come  to  my  plight. 

They'll  discover  me  then  and  chase 

me. 

Hurt  me  with  whips  and  with  blows. 

Lock  up,  torture  and  beat  me. 

No  more  of  my  life  and  its  woes. 

I  won't  be  returning  to  see  you; 
Mother,  alone  you  remain. 
Quickly  the  street  will  swallow 
Your  child's,  your  dear  one's  scream. 

There's  one  thing  that  makes  me 

worry, 

Not  poverty,  pain  or  need, 

But  tomorrow,  dear  mother,  who'll 

bring  you 

That  piece  of  bread  to  eat? 

Translated  from  Polish  into  Yiddish: 
A.  Zeilony 


He  looked  as  though  he  could  pass, 
So  he  crossed  to  the  Aryan  side. 
Became  an  old  Polish  beggar. 

The  long-whiskered  beggar  stands 

next  to  the  church 

And  guards  every  move. 

He  fixes  his  Jewish  eyes 

On  the  ground. 

Sticks  out  a  hand  to  beg, 

And  murmurs  with  pious  emotion: 

"May  Jesus 

Christ  be  praised." 

But  once  it  slips  his  mind 

That  he's  a  goy. 

And  instead  of  the  murmur  he  lets  out 

A  Jewish  oy. 

A  pious  Christian  woman  hears, 

Repeats  it  for  the  German's  ears. 

The  Germans  then  shot  the  old 

beggar. 

But  the  oy  got  away,  long  wandered 

astray. 

Till  into  my  verse 

About  the  Jew 

Who  hid  as  an  old  Polish  beggar. 


Warsaw,  Warsaw,  mother  city, 
Walls  splashed  with  blood 
Does  God  not  see  your  wounds? 
The  corpses  at  the  gates? 

Cannon  in  Krashinski  Square 
Fire  on  Ghetto  homes  .  .  . 
Has  the  God  of  old  betrayed 
David  and  Solomon's  kin? 

A  host  of  Samsons  and  Deborahs  rise 

against  the  foe  .  .  . 

Better  that  I  fall  today 

And  future  generations  sanctify  .  .  . 

(Written  during  the 
Warsaw  Ghetto  Uprising 
April-June,  1943) 


Lekhayim  With  Death 


Helena  Green 
Yanove  Death  Camp 


We  sit  at  the  foot  of  the  sand  heap 
And  drink  lekhayim  with  death 
We  laugh  at  nations'  great  yikhes. 
And  work  as  on  Khol  ha-moed. 

We've  already  lost  our  close  ones 
We  press  their  pictures  to  our  breasts. 
We  live  as  if  we're  bom  over 
As  only  a  camp  inmate  can. 

We  drink  with  death  "to  life," 
And  snack  on  the  moldy  bread 
We  count  days  of  Omer  till  freedom 
By  the  fence  with  the  locked-up  gate. 


Before  the  war.  Henryka  Lazowert  was  a 
Polish  writer  with  little  interest  in  lews. 
When,  however,  as  a  few,  she  was 
imprisoned  in  the  Warsaw  Ghetto,  she 
decided  to  dedicate  all  her  literary  talent 
to  writing  about  the  Ghetto.  Believing 
that  lews  were  being  deported  to  work, 
and  hoping  to  write  reports  about  camp 
conditions,  she  allowed  the  Germans  to 
take  her  to  Treblinka,  turning  down  the 
opportunity  to  escape  to  her  Polish 
husband  on  the  Aryan  side  of  Warsaw. 
She  was  murdered  in  Treblinka  along 
with  her  mother. 


Aaron  Zeitlin  was  born  m  1889  and  raised 
in  Warsaw.  He  came  to  the  United  States 
as  a  tourist  in  the  summer  of  1939,  and 
was  unable  to  return  to  Poland  when  war 
broke  out.  His  entire  family  remained  in 
Poland  and  perished  in  the  war.  Zeitlin 
died  in  New  York  City  in  1973. 


Helena  Green  perished  in  the  Yanove 
Camp. 

Yikhes 

Status  based  on  lineage,  here  suggesting 

the  notion  of  racial  superiority. 

Khol  ha-moed 

The  intervening  days  in  the  feasts  of 

Passover  and  Sukkes.  In  Eastern  Europe, 

Khol  ha-moed  was  a  holiday  for  fewish 

artisans,  and  a  semi-work  day  for  most 

other  lews. 

Days  of  Omer 

The  49  days  between  the  second  day  of 
Passover  and  the  beginning  of  Shevues;  in 
fewish  tradition  it  is  a  period  of  mourning. 


Alumni  Profile: 

Survival, 

a  la  Rena  Blumberg  '56 


Rena  Blumberg  is  alive. 
Of  all  the  qualities  that  define  and 
describe  this  dynamic,  ambitious, 
brash,  bubbling,  loquacious, 
successful  Cleveland  radio 
personality,  mother,  feminist,  civic 
leader,  Brandeis  trustee  and,  now, 
author,  that  simple  reality  is  in  some 
ways  the  most  compelling  fact  you 
need  to  know  about  the  1956  Brandeis 
graduate.  But,  she's  more  than  alive. 
She's  well.  Five  years  after  being  told 
cancerous  cells  had  declared  war  on 
her  body,  five  years  after  having  her 
left  breast  removed  and  three  years 
after  undergoing  an  aggressive  24- 
month  chemotherapy  program  that 
caused  her  to  gain  more  than  50 
pounds,  caused  her  hair  to  fall  out, 
and  caused  her  to  become  so  sick  she 
once  soiled  her  dress  at  a  party,  this 
never-say-die  woman  is  well.  Whole. 
And  in  charge  again. 

"You  know,"  she  says,  "I  could  have 
written  a  nice  polite  book  about  my 
experience  with  chemotherapy.  But  it 
wouldn't  have  helped  anyone  at  all.  So 
I  decided  to  tell  the  truth,  to  tell 
people  what  someone  really  goes 
through  during  chemotherapy." 


Her  book,  a  sometimes  painfully 
candid  account  of  her  mortal  combat 
with  the  awful  disease  and  its  awful 
"cure,"  is  called  Headstrong:  A  Story 
of  Conquests  &.  Celebrations  .  .  . 
Living  Through  Chemotherapy. 
Published  October  29  by  Crown, 
Headstrong — her  father's  description 
of  her — is  a  story  that  will  hit  home 
not  only  to  the  one  out  of  13  women 
in  America  who  develops  breast 
cancer  and  the  other  12  who  dread  it, 
but  also  to  untold  numbers  of  men 
who  have  undergone  chemotherapy 
for  various  cancers.  Moreover,  in  the 
final  analysis,  the  book's  message  of 
hope  and  success  and  its  sensitivity 
to  human  feeling,  will  recommend  it 
to  a  much  wider  audience — all  the 
healthy  men  and  women  who  want 
to  assume  better  control  of  their 
own  lives. 

About  to  embark  on  a  30-city  tour  to 
promote  her  book — Rena  Blumberg 
never  does  anything  in  a  small  way — 
this  neon  lady,  as  she  calls  herself, 
seems  uncharacteristically  taken 
aback  when  an  interviewer  comments 
on  her  willingness  to  reveal  things  in 
her  book  most  people,  even  most 


cancer  patients,  would  be  reluctant  to 
expose  to  public  view. 

'That's  been  the  story  of  my  life,"  says 
Rena  Blumberg,  an  unabashed  people- 
lover  who  doesn't  mind  being  the 
center  of  attention.  "I'm  willing  to 
take  a  risk  if  it  will  help  someone 
else.  I  won't  take  a  risk  to  ski  or  to  fall 
off  a  mountain,  but  I  will  always  take 
a  risk  with  ideas.  What  I'm  doing  in 
the  book  is  getting  inside  someone's 
mind  and  soul  and  saying,  'I  will 
comfort  you  because  I've  been  there. 
And  if  I  can  give  you  more  peace  and 
help  you  enhance  the  days  you're 
living  by  sharing  my  story,  I'm  willing 
to  take  the  risk  to  help.'" 

Rena  Blumberg's  "story"  actually 
begins  47  years  ago  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  where  she  was  bom  into  what 
she  describes  as  a  "very  warm,  very 
secure,  upper  middle-class  home."  Her 
father,  Ezra  Shapiro,  who  died  in  1977, 
was  a  prominent  lawyer,  one-time 
assistant  mayor,  and  founder  of  the 
American  Jewish  League  for  Israel. 
Her  mother,  Sylvia,  now  lives  in  Israel 
where  she  is  chairperson  of  the 
Hadassah  Council. 

Both  parents  set  exceptionally  high 
standards  for  their  daughter  and 
younger  son.  "I  grew  up  in  the  school 
of  criticism,"  Rena  Blumberg  once 
told  an  interviewer  If  she  received  an 
A  minus  in  school,  her  parents 
wanted  to  know  why  it  wasn't  an  A. 
Her  childhood  was  also  marred  by  a 
mastoid  infection  which  left  her 
thin — a  condition  her  parents  coped 
with  by  fattening  her  up  on  bread  and 
entering  her  in  eating  contests.  There 
were  psychological  scars,  Rena 
Blumberg  concedes. 

"But  you  have  to  remember,  my 
parents  were  parents  of  the  1950s  and 
I  was  a  child  of  that  era.  You  did  what 
you  were  expected  to  do." 

So  partly  because  it  was  expected  of 
her  and  partly  because  "I  wanted  a 
young  school  that  I  could  grow  and 
expand  with,"  Rena  Blumberg  enrolled 
at  Brandeis.  "That  was  in  1952 — 30 
years  ago — and  I  still  have  pictures  of 
Dr  (AbramI  Sachar's  house  where  I 
went  as  a  freshman  wearing  white 
gloves,  a  hat,  and  a  crinoline  skirt.  A 
crinoline  skirt,  imagine!" 


24 


25   If  Rena  Blumberg  was  "the  ultimate 
child  of  the  '50s  who  never,  ever 
questioned  authority,"  as  a  student  at 
Brandeis  she  questioned  ideas.  "I 
remember  one  time  Dr  Albert  Kinsey, 
the  sex  researcher,  came  to  the 
University  from  New  York  to  speak  to 
us  and  how  we  vigorously  cross- 
examined  him  and  challenged  his 
ideas.  That  was  why  Brandeis  was  so 
good  for  me.  It  was — and  still  is — a 
place  where  the  mind  and  intellect 
can  be  challenged  to  the  fullest." 

Once  at  Brandeis,  Rena  Blumberg 
initially  majored  in  psychology.  "My 
God,  all  of  us  wanted  to  be 
psychologists  because  Abraham 
Maslow  taught  psychology,"  she 
explains.  Later,  after  being  challenged 
by  the  ideas  of  Nahum  Glatzer  and 
Simon  Rawidowicz,  Rena  Blumberg 
switched  her  concentration  to  Near 
Eastern  and  Judaic  Studies. 

"But  I  really  did  liberal  arts  the  way 
you're  supposed  to.  I  took  a  course  on 
the  1920s  by  a  man  named  Merrill 
Peterson.  He  was  terrific.  I  took 
wonderful  courses  in  bio-science — 
hey,  maybe  I  should  have  been  a 
doctor.  I  took  all  sorts  of  courses,  and 
it  was  this  liberal  arts  training  that 
has  turned  out  to  be  the  tool  I  needed 
as  a  radio  interviewer.  When  I  talk  to 
authors,  medical  people  or  people  in 
the  arts,  it's  the  little  unknown  bits 
and  pieces  of  knowledge  I  possess  that 
have  always  been  my  ace  in  the  hole. 
It's  put  me  ahead  of  others,  I  know 
that." 

At  the  end  of  her  junior  year,  Rena 
Blumberg  married.  "That's  what  most 
good  girls  of  the  '50s  did,  you  know. 
You  got  engaged  and  married  and  you 
quickly  retired  to  have  children." 

And  then  you  lived  happily  ever  after. 
At  least  in  the  storybooks,  anyway. 

Not  Rena  Blumberg,  who  graduated 
cum  laude  and  quickly  fulfilled  one 
part  of  the  romantic  mythology  by 
giving  birth  to  a  daughter  and  then  a 
son.  But  on  the  eve  of  her  28th 
birthday,  after  having  just  returned 
from  a  dinner  at  her  parents' 
apartment,  Rena  Blumberg's  husband 
calmly  informed  her  in  their  kitchen 
that  he  wanted  a  divorce. 


"Just  like  that.  No  scene,  no  huge 
argument.  Just  a  simple 
announcement,"  recalls  Rena 
Blumberg,  who  was  hurt,  embarassed 
and,  finally,  frightened  by  the  prospect 
of  living  with  her  children,  alone. 

The  divorce  was  a  serious  blow  to 
Rena  Blumberg's  self-esteem,  but  she 
never  came  to  terms  with  what  had 
gone  wrong  with  her  marriage.  "In 
self-defense,  I  began  to  sublimate  the 
pain,  and  this  got  me  through  the 
immediate  trauma.  In  my  mind,  I  just 
denied  it  ever  happened." 

Less  than  a  year  later,  in  1963,  she 
met  Michael  Blumberg  on  a  blind 
date.  Within  a  year,  she  and  the 
electronics  executive  were  married. 
The  parents  of  a  13-year-old  boy,  they 
still  are.  Happily. 

For  Rena  Blumberg,  the  world  was 
turned  right  side  up  again.  She  was, 
once  more,  in  control.  But  in  the  fall 
of  1966,  she  almost  deprived  cancer  of 
the  chance  to  kill  her.  While  driving 
home  only  hours  after  a  long  airplane 
flight — "I  must  have  been  suffering 
badly  from  jet  lag" — she  passed  out  at 
the  wheel  and  her  car  slammed  into  a 
utility  pole.  The  top  of  her  skull  was 
nearly  severed  and  the  old-fashioned 
horn  of  her  car  tore  away  the  skin  and 
exposed  her  jawbone  and  carotid 
artery. 

The  only  reason  she  didn't  bleed  to 
death  on  the  highway  was  because  a 
surgeon  who  had  witnessed  the 
accident  bound  up  her  wounds  and 
rushed  her  to  the  hospital.  Now  she 
had  some  physical  scars  to 
complement  her  emotional  ones.  But 
she  was  alive.  And,  as  she  did 
following  her  divorce,  she  threw 
herself  into  more  civic  activities,  this 
time  to  pretend  her  physical 
appearance  had  not  changed.  Later, 
she  had  plastic  surgery  performed  on 
her  face  and  forehead. 

In  1972,  quite  by  chance,  Rena 
Blumberg  found  a  full-time  career  at 
age  37.  A  friend  at  a  party  told  her 
that  because  it  was  license  renewal 
time,  a  radio  station  in  Cleveland 
WIXY-AM/WDOK-FM— now  part  of 
the  Gannett  Broadcasting  Group — 
needed  a  community  affairs  director 
to  beef  up  its  public  service 
broadcasting. 


"I'm  sure  the  general  manager  who 
hired  me  thought  it  wouldn't  be  a 
permanent  arrangement  and  that  once 
the  license  renewal  inspections  were 
over  I  could  be  let  go,"  Rena  Blumberg 
laughs.  He  obviously  didn't  know  her. 
Using  the  many  contacts  she  had 
made  volunteering,  she  quickly 
improved  programming  and  expanded 
the  scope  of  the  job.  Then  she  found  a 
mentor  and  soaked  up  as  much  about 
radio  broadcasting  as  she  could. 

Today,  Rena  Blumberg  hosts 
"Conversations  with  Rena,"  a  highly 
regarded  one-hour  interview  show 
that  airs  every  Sunday,  and  a  series  of 
shorter,  pre-recorded  shows  during  the 
week.  An  executive  who  speaks 
frequently  before  civic,  philanthropic 
and  non-profit  groups,  Rena  Blumberg 
has  been  honored  many  times  by  her 
peers.  These  include  four  consecutive 
Twyla  M.  Conway  Awards  for  Public 
Affairs  Programming  from  the  Radio- 
Television  Council  of  Greater 
Cleveland,  the  1981  Matrix  Award  for 
Women  in  Communications  and 
UPI's  Newsleader  Award  for  Best 
Public  Service  Program  in  1982. 

Then  there  are  the  awards  Rena 
Blumberg  would  rather  not  have  won. 
Not  that  she  isn't  proud  of  being  the 
recipient  of  the  American  Cancer 
Society  Ohio  Division's  "Courage 
Award"  earlier  this  year  or  its  Media 
Award  the  last  four  years.  "I  cherish 
all  my  awards,"  she  says,  "but  it's 
these  awards  that  remind  me  I  had 
been  stricken  with  cancer." 

It  happened  literally  when  she  wasn't 
looking. 

"During  a  routine  check-up  and 
mammogram  in  1975,  a  radiologist 
found  three  spots  on  my  left  breast. 
After  a  re-examination  confirmed  his 
first  appraisal,  I  had  a  lumpectomy  to 
surgically  remove  the  growths." 

Her  doctor  said  she  was  fine.  But  Rena 
Blumberg  disagreed.  "I  expected  a  few 
tiny  scars,"  she  says.  "What  I  got 
shocked  and  disgusted  me.  The  shape 
of  the  breast  had  changed.  Even  the 
nipple  was  in  the  wrong  place." 


Rena  Blumberg — like  so  many  women 
who  have  gone  through  similar 
operations — felt  mutilated.  But,  like 
so  many  times  before,  she  didn't 
assess  the  psychological  damage  this 
other  scar  had  caused.  Instead,  she 
threw  herself  into  her  work  even  more 
fiercely,  playing  a  leading  role  in 
organizing  the  Cleveland  Congress  of 
International  Women's  Year. 

"Betty  Ford  was  the  guest  at  the 
opening  session  and  when  she  started 
down  the  receiving  line  toward  me  I 
didn't  look  her  straight  in  the  eye," 
Rena  Blumberg  says.  "  I  just  stared 
straight  at  her  chest,  trying  to  decide 
which  was  the  real  breast  and  which 
was  the  prosthesis." 

She  guessed  wrong. 

Two  years  later — several  months  after 
her  father  had  died — Rena  Blumberg 
was  told  she,  too,  would  have  to 
undergo  a  mastectomy. 

"Ever  since  my  lumpectomy,  I  had 
never  once  examined  my  left  breast.  I 
had  a  horror  of  touching  it,  let  alone 
looking  at  it,"  she  admits.  Not  even 
all  her  knowledge  about  breast  cancer, 
gleaned  from  radio  shows  she  had 
done  on  the  subject  following  her  own 
lumpectomy,  had  galvanized  her  to 
examine  herself.  Again,  Rena 
Blumberg  had  been  the  "super  denier." 

Faced  with  breast  cancer — and  the 
grim  possibility  that  she  might  soon 
be  dead — Rena  Blumberg  prepared  for 
her  surgery  by  making  lists,  taping  her 
radio  shows  and  throwing  another  of 
her  legendary  parties.  But  just  before 
her  operation,  something  she 
describes  as  "an  unexplained  force" 
took  control  of  her  body.  "I  couldn't 
feel  it.  I  couldn't  see  it.  But  it  was 
there,  and  I  thought  that  the  more  I 
fought  it,  the  better  my  chances  for 
survival." 

At  that  moment,  Rena  Blumberg  took 
control  again.  No  words  of  farewell  to 
her  family.  No  last  will  and 
testament.  No  goodbyes  of  any  kind. 
"I  just  decided  right  there  and  then 
that  I  didn't  need  to  do  any  of  that 
because  I  wasn't  going  to  die. 
Dammit,  I  wasn't." 


How  she  survived  is  told  in  her  book. 
But  it  is  the  "why"  that  most  intrigues 
Rena  Blumberg.  She  believes  it  was 
her  "patterns  for  living,"  a  recipe  she 
feels  everyone — not  just  cancer 
patients — must  develop  and  nurture. 
Near  the  book's  end,  she  details  these 
life-affirming  prescriptions:  encourage 
intimate  relationships,  create  intense 
friendships — a  "family  of  choice," 
learn  to  effectively  manage  stress  (she 
practices  hypnotherapy  daily), 
volunteer  time  and  commitment  to 
others,  keep  a  good  personal 
appearance  (how  you  look  reveals  how 
you  feel  about  yourself)  and  laugh  at 
life. 

Today,  having  shed  the  50  pounds  she 
gained  during  chemotherapy,  Rena 
Blumberg  doesn't  just  laugh  at  life. 
She  celebrates  it.  "That's  the  real 
secret  I  want  people  to  know.  Live  life 
as  a  celebration.  Never  take  it  for 
granted.  Relish  the  gift  of  it,  the  glory 
of  it.  That's  the  secret  to  survival — for 
all  of  us." 

So,  celebrate  she  does — Mozart's 
birthday,  the  change  of  seasons, 
anything  will  do.  She  also  celebrates 
the  joy  of  her  daughter,  Catharyn,  a 
1979  Brandeis  graduate  who  is 
coordinator  of  contract  development 
for  the  Cambridge  (Massachusetts) 
Hospital  Department  of  Psychiatry. 
She  celebrates  her  son,  David,  a 
corporate  intern  with  Merrill  Lynch 
Pierce  Fenner  &  Smith.  She  celebrates 
her  son,  Stuart,  an  eighth  grader  in  a 
Shaker  Heights  school.  She  celebrates 
her  husband,  "who  helped  me  during 
my  ordeal  in  ways  that  I  cannot  even 
explain."  She  celebrates,  too,  her 
involvement  with  Brandeis'  National 
Women's  Committee,  of  which  she  is 
an  honorary  life  member,  and  she 
exults  in  her  status  as  Brandeis 
Alumni  Term  Trustee,  to  which  she 
was  elected  in  1978. 

"I  think  that  has  been  one  of  the  high 
points  of  my  life,  really.  Being  a 
trustee  of  the  University  I  love  so 
much  has  been  a  great  source  of 
excitement  intellectually  for  me.  I 
also  feel  that  I've  brought  some  good 
ideas  to  the  Board,  ideas  that  have 
helped  future  Alumni  Term  Trustees 
and  ideas  that  have  helped  make  my 
alma  mater  a  better  place. 


"You  know,  always  at  the  hardest  times       -j^ 
of  my  life,  it  seems,  Brandeis  has  been 
there.  When  1  was  divorced,  the  first 
place  I  went  publicly  was  to  chair  a 
Brandeis  book  and  author  luncheon  in 
Cleveland.  Later,  when  I  was  at  the 
depths  of  my  depression  in  1978  at  the 
end  of  my  first  year  of  chemotherapy,  I 
was  elected  Alumni  Term  Trustee  for 
five  years.  I  remember  telling  myself 
then,  'Hey  Rena,  you're  not  going  to 
die  within  that  time  because 
otherwise  Brandeis  wouldn't  have 
given  you  a  five-year  term.'" 

Exactly.  But,  nevertheless,  Rena 
Blumberg  keeps  all  her  accounts  up  to 
date  now.  And  if  she  still  hasn't  made 
out  her  will,  she  has  at  least  ordered 
her  own  epitaph. 

"Rena  Blumberg:  She  lived  with  style, 
class,  panache,  color,  bounding 
affection  and  lots  of  love." 


Jeny  Rosenswaike 


New  Spatial  Orientation  Lab 
Houses  Unique  NASA 
Equipment 


27    A  pioneering  research 
facility  for  the  study  of 
spatial  orientation  is  taking 
shape  in  the  basement  of  the 
Rabb  Graduate  Center. 

The  new  Ashton  Graybiel 
Spatial  Orientation 
Laboratory,  dedicated 
October  21,  is  a  major 
research  center  which  will 
house  over  one  million 
dollars  in  equipment 
transferred  to  the  University 
by  the  National  Aeronautics 
and  Space  Administration 
(NASA). 

In  addition  to  highly 
intricate  and  precise  NASA 
apparatus,  the  laboratory 
will  also  contain  the  only 
slow  rotation  room  in  an 
American  university. 

The  specially  designed  room, 
now  under  construction,  will 
measure  22  feet  in  diameter 
and  will  rotate  at  computer- 
controlled  speeds  up  to  45 
rpm.  It  will  be  used  to  study 
how  humans  adapt  to 
unusual  force  environments. 

The  Ashton  Graybiel 
Orientation  Laboratory 
is  named  after  the 
distinguished  physician  and 
scientist  who  has  been  a 
leading  figure  in  the  field  of 
space  medicine  and  who  was 
among  the  early  research 
scientists  working  on 
human  behavior  in  manned 
space  flight.  Much  of  the 
equipment,  to  be  housed 
in  the  laboratory,  was 
developed  by  Dr.  Graybiel 
who  will  continue  his  work 
at  Brandeis. 


James  R.  Lackner,  Meshulam 
and  Judith  Riklis  Professor  of 
Psychology  and  chairman  of 
the  psychology  department, 
who  has  collaborated  with 
Dr.  Graybiel  for  many  years, 
was  instrumental  in  bringing 
the  NASA  equipment  to 
campus  and  will  direct  the 
laboratory  where  he  will 
continue  his  experiments  on 
spatial  orientation. 

Professor  Lackner  is  also 
developing  an  undergraduate 
course  at  the  University 
addressing  the  physiological 
and  psychological  effects  of 
manned  space  flight.  It  will 
be  the  only  course  of  its  kind 
in  the  country. 

President  Bernstein, 
members  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  and  leading 
American  scientists  in  the 
field  of  space  flight  research 
were  among  those  attending 
the  dedication  ceremonies  of 
the  newly  installed 
laboratory. 

A  unique  two-day 
symposium  entitled  "Man  in 
Space,"  held  in  conjunction 
with  the  dedication,  brought 
experts  from  the  fields  of 
medicine,  aeronautics  and 
space  research  to  Brandeis. 


At  right.  Colonel  C. 
Gordon  Fullerton,  an 
astronaut  who  was  a  crew 
member  on  the  third 
Columbia  space  flight, 
addresses  the  many 
distinguished  guests 
attending  the  symposium. 


Above,  student 
demonstrates  the  use  of  a 
rotation  chair  during  two- 
day  "Man  in  Space" 
symposium  October  20 
and  21  marking  the 
dedication  of  the 
University's  Ashton 
Graybiel  Spatial 
Orientation  Laboratory. 
The  chair  was  part  of 
iphisticated  research 
luipment  transferred  to 
he  University  by  NASA, 
i'resent  during  the 
dedication  ceremony, 
which  attracted  leading 
scientists  from  throughout 
the  United  States,  were  Dr. 
Graybiel  (left),  for  whom 
the  facility  is  named. 
Professor  fames  R. 
I  ackner,  and  Mrs.  and 
President  Bernstein. 
At  left,  Dr.  Graybiel,  a 
renowned  space  medicine 
physician,  speaks  with  Dr. 
Lawrence  F.  Dietlin, 
assistant  director  for  life 
sciences  at  NASA 's  Lyndon 
B.  Johnson  Space  Center. 


Expanding  the 
Brandeis  Network, 
with  the  emphasis 
on  jobs! 


Last  spring,  64  percent  of 
the  Class  of  1982  went 
looking  for  jobs  .  .  .  Five 
years  ago,  only  30  percent 
of  the  graduating  class 
sought  employment;  the 
rest  entered  graduate  or 
professional  schools. 

As  the  nation's  worsening 
economic  woes  have 
forced  young  people  to 
rethink  their  plans  and 
their  prospects,  Brandeis' 
Office  of  Career  Planning 
(OCP)  has  reoriented  its 
focus  to  meet  those 
changing  needs  and 
interests. 

While  graduate  school 
advising  remains  an 
important  function  of  the 
office,  specific  programs 
have  been  developed  and 
implemented  to  address 
growing  career  and 
employment  concerns. 

Inundated  with  career 
questions  from 
prospective  liberal  arts 
degree  recipients,  OCP 
has  launched  a  special 
appeal  for  more  alumni 
and  friends  of  the 
University  to  take  part 
in  aiding  students, 
particularly  seniors,  in 
their  search  for  jobs  and 
job-related  information. 

If  you're  a  member  of 
the  Greater  Brandeis 
community  who  is  in 
early,  mid  or  late  career, 
or  if  you're  retired,  your 
experience  can  be  of 
inestimable  value  at  OCP 
programs  held 
periodically  on  campus. 

As  an  initial  step  in 
developing  career  goals, 
students  are  encouraged 
to  investigate  a  wide 
variety  of  occupations 
as  possible  career  paths. 
Information-gathering  at 
this  stage  fills  the  gaps  in 
students'  occupational 
knowledge  with  concrete 
facts. 


To  go  beyond  mere  facts 
and  figures,  to  make 
occupations  and  careers 
more  tangible,  OCP 
provides  students  with 
the  opportunity  to  make 
personal  contacts  with 
individuals  in  the  field 
through  a  Career 
Advisory  Directory. 

On  campus,  OCP  has 
sponsored  Career 
Presentation  programs 
and  Career  Information 
Fairs.  Representatives 
from  social  service 
agencies,  business, 
private  non-profit 
organizations,  law, 
government  and 
communications  are  but 
a  few  who  have  attended 
past  Career  Information 
Fairs.  Their  presence  has 
meant  up-to-date 
information  for  students 
anticipating  the  job 
market. 

Once  armed  with  such 
information,  students  can 
get  a  glimpse  and  a 
glimmer  of  their  intended 
work  settings  through  the 
OCP's  Shadow  Program. 
In  this  experiential  stage 
of  career  exploration, 
students  accompany  an 
alumnus/a  or  friend  of 
the  University  to  gain 
first-hand  exposure  to 
their  field  of  interest.  The 
results  are  unmistakably 
positive. 

Laura  Rotenberg,  a  senior 
from  Westborough, 
Massachusetts,  recently 
spent  a  day  "shadowing" 
attorney  Marshall  Davis 
'69,  a  partner  in  the 
Boston  law  firm  of  Davis 
and  Gordon,  and 
explained;  "This  was  an 
excellent  opportunity  to 
observe  the  daily 
operation  of  my 
prospective  profession, 
and  I  was  able  to  hear 
first-hand  the  pros  and 
cons  and  advice  from 
those  who  have 
achieved." 


For  students  more  certain 
of  their  career  goals  and 
hungry  for  long-term, 
hands-on  experience, 
OCP  arranges  internships 
under  the  supervision  of 
professionals  in  the  field. 
Students  contribute  to 
their  sponsoring 
organization  by  fulfilling 
specific  assignments  and 
meeting  certain 
responsibilities,  at  the 
same  time  developing 
new  skills  and  new 
perspectives. 

Internships  often  provide 
students  with  the 
experience  needed  to 
successfully  compete  for 
scarce  positions  in  a 
tough  job  market.  Case  in 
point:  Linda  Scherzer  '82. 
This  Montreal  native 
participated  in  several 
communications-related 
internships.  Just  three 
months  out  of  college, 
Linda  is  a  reporter  for  a 
weekly  newspaper  in 
Connecticut. 

As  students  clarify  their 
career  objectives  and 
begin  the  actual  job 
search,  the  Office  of 
Career  Planning 
continues  to  assist  in 
several  ways.  The  On- 
Campus  Recruiting 
Program  is  the  most 
traditional  method  by 
which  students  interview 
for  potential  positions 
and  the  OCP  works 
constantly  to  increase  the 
number  of  visiting 
recruiters. 

At  the  same  time,  newer, 
non-traditional  job 
hunting  techniques  are 
also  encouraged. 
Developing  contacts  and 
networks  often  enables 
students  to  get  beyond 
preliminary  screening  and 
into  an  initial  interview 
where  they  can  discuss 
and  prove  their  potential 
worth.  OCP  actively 


seeks  alumni  and  other 
friends  willing  to  assist 
students  with  tips  of 
potential  jobs. 

OCP  job-hunting 
assistance  goes  not  only 
to  graduating  seniors,  but 
to  those  seeking  summer 
employment  as  well.  As 
financial  aid  dwindles, 
students  must  find  ways 
to  finance  their  own 
educations.  OCP  has 
responded  to  this  need  by 
implementing  a  Summer 
Job  Bank.  Alumni, 
trustees  and  fellows  of 
the  University  in  major 
cities  across  the  country 
have  assisted  students  in 
finding  paid  summer  jobs 
ranging  from  retail 
internships  to  cashier 
positions.  The  OCP  seeks 
to  expand  this  valuable 
resource. 

Career  Planning  today  is  a 
demanding  task  requiring 
expertise  on  a  large  scale. 
Brandeis  students  need 
you.  Please  fill  out  the 
attached  Return  Card. 
Your  knowledge  and 
experience  are  assets 
which,  through  the 
Office  of  Career 
Planning,  can  yield  high 
returns  for  an  interested 
and  aspiring  Brandeis 
student. 


28 


Become  Part 

of  the 

Brandeis  Network 


The  fact  that  the  majority  of  top 
administrators  of  Fortune  500  companies 
hold  liberal  arts  degrees  underscores  the 
versatility  of  a  liberal  arts  education. 
Brandeis  students,  however,  need  specific 
information  on  how  to  translate  the  high 
quality,  liberal  arts  education  they  receive 
at  Brandeis  directly  to  the  world  of  work. 
Up-to-date  information  on  career  and  work 


environments  are  essential  to  students  in 
the  midst  of  career  decision-making.  You 
can  play  an  active  role  in  assisting 
students  investigate  and  learn  about 
career  options,  trends,  and  job  hunting 
techniques.  Join  the  Brandeis  network  and 
spread  the  word  about  us!! 


yes, 

I  would  like  to  assist 

Brandeis 

undergraduates 

and 

graduate  students. 

I  am  willing  to: 


n 

List  my  name  and 
occupation  in  the 
Career  Advisory 
Directory 

n 

Participate  in  the 
lanuary  1983 
Shadow  Program 

n 

Assist  in  developing 
internships 

n 

Offer  summer  job 

opportunities 

D 

Send  full-time  job 

availability  notices 

from  my 

oiganization 


D 

Come  to  campus 

to  participate 

in  career  programs 

D 

Come  to  campus, 

or  send  a 

representative  from 

my  organization, 

to  participate  in  On- 

Campus  Recruiting 

Grant  interviews 

D 

Informational  and/or 

D 

fob  placement 


Name 


Class  (if  aluml 


Occupation 


Business  address 


Business  phone  number 


Home  Address 


Home  phone  number 


I  am  unable  to 
participate  in  any 
of  the  above. 


but  I  am  willing  to: 


With  the  men's  soccer  team 
ranked  second  in  the  nation 
in  NCAA  Division  III  play 
and  the  cross-country  team 
ranked  third  in  New 
England  through  mid- 
October,  the  fall  season 
augurs  extremely  well  for 
Brandeis  University 
athletics. 

In  addition,  the  women's 
soccer,  tennis,  and  volleyball 
contingents  all  look  very 
promising. 

Coach  Norm  Levine's  cross- 
country team  was  runner-up 
in  the  NCAA  Division  III 
national  championship  a 
year  ago  and  is  returning  six 
of  the  top  seven  runners 
from  that  squad.  Obviously 
with  this  amount  of  talent 
the  ludges  will  have  to  be 
tabbed  strong  contenders  and 
with  three  multi-team  meets 
under  their  belts  already,  the 
Judges  are  racing  along  with 
a  15-2  mark. 

After  rolling  past  the  six- 
team  field  in  the  opening 
meet — the  Canadian- 


American  Invitational — 
Coach  Levine  rested  five  of 
his  six  runners  in  a  tough 
loss  to  Lowell,  a  Division  II 
opponent.  In  the  next  meet, 
Brandeis  lost  only  to 
Division  I  standout  Boston 
College  in  another  close 
affair. 

The  Judges  were  ranked  third 
overall  in  New  England  in 
the  last  coaches'  poll. 
Brandeis  will  also  get  a 
chance  to  showcase  its 
talent  in  a  top-notch  event 
when  It  hosts  the  prestigious 
IC4A  championships  at 
Franklin  Park  in  Boston, 
Brandeis'  home  course,  on 
Nov.  I .  Brandeis  won  the 
IC4As  last  year  for  the  third 
time  to  go  along  with  a  trio 
of  third-place  finishes. 

Among  the  leading  runners 
for  the  Judges  this  fall  are 
seniors  George  Patnarca 
(Somerville,  Mass.),  Ed 
Connor  (Brockton,  Mass.), 
Bob  Labadmi  (Tewksbury, 
Mass.),  and  Dan  Laredo 
(Newton,  Mass.),  juniors  Ed 
McCarthy  (Waltham,  Mass.), 


ran  s  iiuiu-piace  niiisii  in  luc 
Division  III  nationals,  has 
been  playing  some  tight 
defensive  ball  with 
goaltender  Jim  Leahy 
(Milford,  Conn.)  turning  in 
three  more  shutouts  to  give 
him  12  in  his  24  games  as  a 
starter  the  past  two  years. 

Offensively,  as  is  usually  the 
case  for  Brandeis  soccer,  13 
players  have  shared  in  the 
sconng  with  II  different 
players  having  scored  goals. 
Junior  Jim  Murphy  (Billerica, 
Mass.)  and  freshman  Chris 
Elsasser  (Nauset,  Mass.) 
share  the  team  lead  with  two 
goals  each.  Junior  All- 
Amencan  sweeperback 
Kevin  Healy  (Dedham, 
Mass.)  IS  the  leading  scorer 
with  four  points. 

The  big  victory  over  Harvard 
avenged  a  5-2  loss  suffered 
last  year  in  the  first  game 
ever  between  the  two 
schools.  The  win  over 
Bowdoin  was  the  fourth 
straight  in  that  series,  while 
the  Judges  kept  their  record 
perfect  at  8-0  against  Holy 
Cross.  The  quintet  of 
victories  gives  Coach  Coven 
a  record  of  109-23-11  in  his 
10  years  at  the  helm,  the 
best  winning  percentage 
among  all  of  the  New 
England  coaches. 


llCSilllJCll   will  llCip  LllC   LCaill 

out  both  in  depth  and 
experience. 

The  women's  cross-country 
team  has  turned  itself 
around  in  the  last  two  years 
under  the  guidance  of  third- 
year  coach  Joli  Sandoz. 
While  this  year's  squad 
doesn't  have  any  of  the  big- 
name  standouts  that  past 
teams  have  had,  the  women 
harriers  look  even  stronger 
as  a  unit  than  either  of  the 
previous  two  6-2  teams. 

The  top  runners  back  in- 
clude Mara  Siegel  (Geneva, 
Switzerland),  Doria  Stetch 
(Brooklyn,  N.Y.),  Sue 
Roussell  (Weymouth,  Mass.) 
and  Kim  Coughlin  (Concord, 
Mass.).  Coach  Sandoz  feels 
that  based  on  the  strength  of 
the  veterans  and  the  early- 
season  showing  of  the 
freshmen,  newcomers  to 
track  and  transfers,  this 
year's  team  could  finish  m 
the  top  10  in  the  small 
college  Eastern 
championships. 


Rick  Brown 


NO  POSTAGE 
NECESSARY 
IF  MAILED  IN  THE 
UNITED  STATES 


BUSBNTESS  REPLY  MAIL 


FIRST  CLASS 


PERMIT  NO.  28324 


BOSTON,  MA 


POSTAGE 

WILL  BE  PAID  BY 

ADDRESSEE 


Office  of  Career  Planning 
Brandeis  University 
Waltham 
Massachusetts  02254 


Inundated  with  career 
questions  from 
prospective  liberal  arts 
degree  recipients,  OCP 
has  launched  a  special 
appeal  for  more  alumni 
and  friends  of  the 
University  to  take  part 
in  aiding  students, 
particularly  seniors,  in 
their  search  for  jobs  and 
job-related  information. 

If  you're  a  member  of 
the  Greater  Brandeis 
community  who  is  in 
early,  mid  or  late  career, 
or  if  you're  retired,  your 
experience  can  be  of 
inestimable  value  at  OCP 
programs  held 
periodically  on  campus. 

As  an  initial  step  in 
developing  career  goals, 
students  are  encouraged 
to  investigate  a  wide 
variety  of  occupations 
as  possible  career  paths. 
Information-gathering  at 
this  stage  fills  the  gaps  in 
students'  occupational 
knowledge  with  concrete 
facts. 


Once  armed  with  such 
information,  students  can 
get  a  glimpse  and  a 
glimmer  of  their  intended 
work  settings  through  the 
OCP's  Shadow  Program. 
In  this  experiential  stage 
of  career  exploration, 
students  accompany  an 
alumnus/a  or  friend  of 
the  University  to  gain 
first-hand  exposure  to 
their  field  of  interest.  The 
results  are  unmistakably 
positive. 

Laura  Rotenberg,  a  senior 
from  Westborough, 
Massachusetts,  recently 
spent  a  day  "shadowing" 
attorney  Marshall  Davis 
'69,  a  partner  in  the 
Boston  law  firm  of  Davis 
and  Gordon,  and 
explained;  "This  was  an 
excellent  opportunity  to 
observe  the  daily 
operation  of  my 
prospective  profession, 
and  I  was  able  to  hear 
first-hand  the  pros  and 
cons  and  advice  from 
those  who  have 
achieved." 


Linda  is  a  reporter  for  a 
weekly  newspaper  in 
Connecticut. 

As  students  clarify  their 
career  objectives  and 
begin  the  actual  job 
search,  the  Office  of 
Career  Planning 
continues  to  assist  in 
several  ways.  The  On- 
Campus  Recruiting 
Program  is  the  most 
traditional  method  by 
which  students  interview 
for  potential  positions 
and  the  OCP  works 
constantly  to  increase  the 
number  of  visiting 
recruiters. 

At  the  same  time,  newer, 
non-traditional  job 
hunting  techniques  are 
also  encouraged. 
Developing  contacts  and 
networks  often  enables 
students  to  get  beyond 
preliminary  screening  and 
into  an  initial  interview 
where  they  can  discuss 
and  prove  their  potential 
worth.  OCP  actively 


demanding  task  requiring 
expertise  on  a  large  scale. 
Brandeis  students  need 
you.  Please  fill  out  the 
attached  Return  Card. 
Your  knowledge  and 
experience  are  assets 
which,  through  the 
Office  of  Career 
Planning,  can  yield  high 
returns  for  an  interested 
and  aspiring  Brandeis 
student. 


v./ 


Athletics 


With  the  men's  soccer  team 
ranked  second  in  the  nation 
in  NCAA  Division  III  play 
and  the  cross-country  team 
ranked  third  in  New 
England  through  mid- 
October,  the  fall  season 
augurs  extremely  well  for 
Brandeis  University 
athletics. 

In  addition,  the  women's 
soccer,  tennis,  and  volleyball 
contingents  all  look  very 
promising. 

Coach  Norm  Levme's  cross- 
country team  was  runner-up 
in  the  NCAA  Division  III 
national  championship  a 
year  ago  and  is  returning  six 
of  the  top  seven  runners 
from  that  squad.  Obviously 
with  this  amount  of  talent 
the  (udges  will  have  to  be 
tabbed  strong  contenders  and 
with  three  multi-team  meets 
under  their  belts  already,  the 
Judges  are  racing  along  with 
a  15-2  mark. 

After  rolling  past  the  six- 
team  field  in  the  opening 
meet — the  Canadian- 


American  Invitational — 
Coach  Levine  rested  five  of 
his  six  runners  in  a  tough 
loss  to  Lowell,  a  Division  II 
opponent.  In  the  next  meet, 
Brandeis  lost  only  to 
Division  I  standout  Boston 
College  in  another  close 
affair. 

The  Judges  were  ranked  third 
overall  in  New  England  in 
the  last  coaches'  poll. 
Brandeis  will  also  get  a 
chance  to  showcase  its 
talent  in  a  top-notch  event 
when  It  hosts  the  prestigious 
IC4A  championships  at 
Franklin  Park  in  Boston, 
Brandeis'  home  course,  on 
Nov.  I .  Brandeis  won  the 
IC4As  last  year  for  the  third 
time  to  go  along  with  a  trio 
of  third-place  finishes. 

Among  the  leading  runners 
for  the  Judges  this  fall  are 
seniors  George  Patriarca 
(Somerville,  Mass.),  Ed 
Connor  (Brockton,  Mass.|, 
Bob  Labadini  (Tewksbury, 
Mass.],  and  Dan  Laredo 
(Newton,  Mass.),  juniors  Ed 
McCarthy  (Waltham,  Mass.), 


Scott  Carlin  (Merrick,  N.Y.), 
Kevin  Curtin  (Billerica, 
Mass.),  and  John  Agnello 
(Staten  Island,  N.Y.),  and 
sophomores  Misa  Fossas 
(Jamaica  Plain,  Mass.),  Mark 
Bceman  (Acton,  Mass.),  and 
Steve  Burbndge  (Groveland, 
Mass.).  Freshmen  who  have 
been  helping  out  include 
Mike  Salvon  (Springfield, 
Mass.),  George  Fulk 
(Newton,  Mass.),  and  Jim 
Merod  (Acton,  Mass.). 

I  he  men's  soccer  team  also 
lumped  out  to  a  quick  start 
with  a  5-0  record,  the  top 
lanking  in  Division  III  in  the 
country  and  a  number  20 
overall  ranking  in  the 
nation.  Included  in  these 
initial  victories  were  wins 
over  Division  I  Holy  Cross 
(1-0)  and  Harvard  (3-0), 
Division  II  Lowell  (4-1)  and 
Division  III  foes  Bowdoin  (2- 
1)  and  Bates  (3-0). 

Coach  Mike  Coven's  team, 
looking  to  improve  on  last 
fall's  third-place  finish  in  the 
Division  III  nationals,  has 
been  playing  some  tight 
defensive  ball  with 
Kiialtender  Jim  Leahy 
(Milford,  Conn.)  turning  in 
three  more  shutouts  to  give 
him  12  in  his  24  games  as  a 
starter  the  past  two  years. 

Offensively,  as  is  usually  the 
case  for  Brandeis  soccer,  13 
players  have  shared  in  the 
scoring  with  II  different 
players  having  scored  goals. 
Junior  Jim  Murphy  (Billenca, 
Mass.)  and  freshman  Chris 
Elsasser  (Nauset,  Mass.) 
share  the  team  lead  with  two 
goals  each.  Junior  All- 
Amencan  sweeperback 
Kevin  Healy  (Dedham, 
Mass.)  is  the  leading  scorer 
with  four  points. 

The  big  victory  over  Harvard 
avenged  a  5-2  loss  suffered 
last  year  in  the  first  game 
ever  between  the  two 
schools.  The  win  over 
Bowdoin  was  the  fourth 
straight  in  that  series,  while 
the  Judges  kept  their  record 
perfect  at  8-0  against  Holy 
Cross.  The  quintet  of 
victories  gives  Coach  Coven 
a  record  of  109-23-11  in  his 
10  years  at  the  helm,  the 
best  winning  percentage 
among  all  of  the  New 
England  coaches. 


The  women's  soccer  team 
improved  from  its  first-year 
record  of  1-10  two  years  ago 
to  4-6-2  last  fall  and  Coach 
Denise  King  is  hoping  that 
as  her  players  obtain  more 
collegiate  experience  and  as 
more  experienced  players 
enter  the  school,  the  team's 
fortunes  will  soar. 

Eight  of  last  years  starters 
are  returning  including 
Jennie  Casalo  (Thomaston, 
Conn.),  Michele  Dante 
(Billerica,  Mass.),  Maria  Ellis 
(Peabody  Mass.),  Claudia 
Jaul  (Scarsdale,  N.Y.),  Janet 
Rothstein  (Suffern,  N.Y.|, 
Jackie  Schoendorf  (Bedford, 
Mass.),  Stacey  Zeder 
(Andover,  Mass.)  and  Stacey 
Markowitz  (Upper  Saddle 
River,  N.J.).  Casalo  was  last 
year's  leading  scorer  as  a 
lunior  and  is  expected  to 
increase  her  offensive 
contribution  this  year. 

Coach  King  feels  that  the 
addition  of  several  promising 
freshmen  will  help  the  team 
out  both  in  depth  and 
experience. 

The  women's  cross-country 
team  has  turned  itself 
around  in  the  last  two  years 
under  the  guidance  of  third- 
year  coach  Joli  Sandoz. 
While  this  year's  squad 
doesn't  have  any  of  the  big- 
name  standouts  that  past 
teams  have  had,  the  women 
harriers  look  even  stronger 
as  a  unit  than  either  of  the 
previous  two  6-2  teams. 

The  top  runners  back  in- 
clude Mara  Siegel  (Geneva, 
Switzerland),  Doria  Stetch 
(Brooklyn,  N.Y),  Sue 
Roussel!  (Weymouth,  Mass.) 
and  Kim  Coughlin  (Concord, 
Mass.).  Coach  Sandoz  feels 
that  based  on  the  strength  of 
the  veterans  and  the  early- 
season  showing  of  the 
freshmen,  newcomers  to 
track  and  transfers,  this 
year's  team  could  finish  in 
the  top  10  in  the  small 
college  Eastern 
championships. 


Rick  Brown 


S.  Slosberg 
bequeaths 
$100,000 
for  Endowed 
Fund 

The  late  Samuel  L.  Slosberg, 
long-time  trustee  who  died 
February  1 1  in  Phoenix, 
Arizona  at  the  age  of  84,  has 
bequeathed  $100,000  to 
Brandeis  University  to 
establish  the  Helen  and 
Samuel  L.  Slosberg  Endowed 
Scholarship  Fund.  This  Fund 
will  provide  scholarships  for 
music  concentrators  in  the 
first  instance,  and  then  for 
concentrators  in  the  creative 
arts. 

Mr.  Slosberg  was  a  music 
enthusiast  and  a  patron  of 
the  arts.  He  and  his  wife 
established  the  Slosberg 
Music  Center,  which  was 
dedicated  in  1957  in 
memory  of  his  parents,  Jacob 
and  Bessie  Slosberg.  He  also 
was  a  founding  member  and 
chairman  of  the  Brandeis 
Friends  of  the  Creative  Arts. 

A  trustee  at  Brandeis  for  25 
years,  Mr  Slosberg  was 
named  trustee  emeritus  last 
year.  He  received  an 
honorary  Doctor  of  Laws 
degree  from  the  University 
in  1965. 


Playwriting        Faculty  Club 
Award  Offers  Elegant 

Recipients  Dining 


David  Kent  and  LauraSue 
Epstein,  third-year 
playwriting  graduate 
students  and  artists-in- 
residence  at  Brandeis,  and 
Tracy  Shiff  '82,  who  received 
her  degree  Magna  Cum 
Laude,  arc  the  first  recipients 
of  the  Mimi  Steinberg  Award 
in  Playwriting.  Recently 
established  by  Harold 
Steinberg  of  New  York  City 
and  Palm  Beach,  Florida  in 
memory  of  his  wife,  the 
Mimi  Steinberg  Prize  is  the 
first  award  of  its  kind  to  be 
designated  at  Brandeis.  Prize 
money  totaling  $1950  was 
divided  among  the  winners. 
Award  judges  are  Martin 
Halpem,  chair,  and  Samuel 
and  Sylvia  Schulman 
Professor  of  Theater  Arts; 
John  Bush  Jones,  theater  arts 
lecturer  with  the  rank  of 
professor  and  Alan  Levitan, 
associate  professor  of 
English. 


It's  open.  In  fact,  its  been 
open  since  September  7.  Its 
main  dining  area  seats  150 
guests  for  lunch,  its  two 
private  dining  rooms  76 
more,  and  its  eight  rooms 
offer  overnight 
accommodations.  It  even 
has  a  social  lounge  to  just 
unwind. 

It's  the  Brandeis  Faculty 
Club  located  in  the  Wien 
Faculty  Center  The  Club 
offers  elegant  dining  to  the 
University  community  and 
will  serve  as  a  central 
location  for  both  formal  and 
informal  gatherings. 

While  one  need  not  be  a 
member  to  dine  at  the 
Faculty  Club,  members 
may  charge  meals  to  their 
personal  accounts  and  are 
entitled  to  a  20  percent 
discount  on  all  cash  or 
charge  purchases. 

Reservations  for  lunch  may 
be  made  by  calling  647-3305 
between  10  am  and  noon, 
Monday  through  Friday.  To 
arrange  for  University  or 
private  functions,  call  the 
Central  Booking  Office. 


30 


Membership  dues  for  the 
new  Faculty  Club  are: 
professors  and  senior 
administrative  staff — $75; 
associate  professors  and 
other  administrative 
directors — $50;  assistant 
professors  and  other 
academic,  administrative 
and  support  staff — $25. 
Brandeis  alumni  and 
members  of  the  National 
Women's  Committee  in  the 
Boston  area — $50  |outside 
the  Boston  area,  $25). 

Those  wishing  to  join  can 
contact  the  alumni  office  for 
informational  brochures. 


Alumni 
Association 
National 
Dues 


Reunion  1983     Alumni 

Association 
Elections 


Phi  Beta 
Kappa 


This  is  a  reminder  to  mail 
your  Alumni  Association 
National  Dues  for  1982-83 
to  the  Alumni  Office  as  soon 
as  possible  along  with  the 
tear-off  card  provided  in  the 
recent  National  Dues 
mailing  packet.  Please 
complete  the  reverse  side  of 
the  tear-off  card  with  current 
biographical  information  for 
Alumni  Office  record  update 
purposes. 


Reunion  1983  will  take  place 
during  the  weekend  of  May 
20-22.  Mark  these  dates  on 
your  calendar  now. 
Alumni/ae  Class  Committee 
Chairpersons  have  already 
started  to  prepare  for  the 
festivities  that  will  honor 
the  classes  of  1953,  1958, 
1963,  1968,  1973  and  1978. 

Considerable  energy  goes 
into  reunion  planning;  there 
is  always  something  to  be 
contributed,  no  matter 
where  you  arc  located  or  how 
limited  your  time.  If  you 
want  to  help  make  your 
reunion  a  success,  contact 
the  Alumni  Office. 


May  1983  marks  the  end  of 
the  two-year  terms  of  several 
officers  of  the  Alumni 
Association's  National  Board 
of  Directors.  Offices  for 
which  elections  will  be  held 
include  four  vice  presidents, 
four  members-at-large  and  a 
secretary. 

Herbert  Pans  '56,  chairman 
of  the  Nomination  and 
Election  Committee,  is  now 
accepting  recommendations 
for  Board  candidacy  from  the 
alumni/ae  membership.  A 
slate  of  candidates  will  be 
determined  by  the 
Committee  at  its  January 
1983  meeting.  Send  your 
recommendations  to  Herbert 
Paris,  in  care  of  the  Alumni 
Relations  Office,  and  include 
supporting  data  on  your 
candidate. 


In  March  the  following 
alumni  were  elected 
Iretroactively)  to  the 
Massachusetts  Mu  chapter 
of  Phi  Beta  Kappa  national 
honor  society:  Marilyn 
Weintraub  Bentov  '52, 
Richard  H.  Kaufman  '57, 
Gloria  Feman  Orenstein  '59. 

Phi  Beta  Kappa,  the  nation's 
foremost  academic  honor 
society,  accepted  Brandeis 
into  its  ranks  October  7, 
1961,  exactly  13  years  after 
the  University's 
inauguration.  At  the  time, 
Brandeis  was  the  youngest 
university  to  have  been 
recognized  by  the  society  in 
more  than  100  years. 


Women's  Committee 

reaches 

$20  million  mark 


The  Great 
Escape 


Behind  a  backdrop  of  an 
enlarged  one  dollar  bill — 
symbolizing  the  first  funds 
raised  by  Brandeis'  National 
Women's  Committee 
34  years  ago — National 
President  Cynthia  Shulman 
of  Newton.  Mass.  presents 
a  check  to  President 
Bernstein. 

It's  a  labor  of  love,  but  hard 
work  ail  the  same. 

Since  Its  founding  in  1948, 
the  National  Women's 
Committee  has  contributed 
$20  million  dollars  m 
donations  to  the  University 
Libraries — a  sum  which 
translates  into  over  $1500 
for  each  day  of  the 
Committee's  existence. 


Beginning  its  35th  year  of 
service,  the  65,000-member 
BUNWC,  in  addition  to 
being  the  largest  friends  of  a 
library  organization,  now 
holds  the  distinction  of 
being  the  largest  single 
continuous  donor  to  the 
University. 

Addressing  the  opening 
dinner  of  the  BUNWC 
National  Conference  in  June, 
President  Bernstein  paid 
tribute  to  the  National 
Women's  Committee  saying, 
"For  34  years,  you  have 
provided  the  books,  journals, 
papers  and  microfilm  which 
constitute  the  Brandeis 
Libranes — an  indispensable 
element  of  our  academic 
enterprise.  But  you  have 
done  more  even  than  that:  as 
representatives  of  the 
University,  as  advocates,  as 
messengers  of  our  needs  and 
our  dreams,  your  constancy, 
loyalty  and  confidence  in 
Brandeis — your  presence 
itself — have  inspired 
nationwide  support  and 
strengthened  our  resolve  to 
build  a  University  of 
excellence." 


In  arriving  at  the  $20  million 
dollar  mark,  the  BUNWC 
has  donated  $1,416,000  for 
1981-82— the  largest 
amount  ever  donated  in  a 
single  year  by  the  National 
Women's  Committee. 

Not  content  to  rest  on  past 
accomplishments,  the 
women  of  the  BUNWC  are 
already  looking  ahead  to  new 
challenges  in  continuing  to 
"Stock  the  Stacks" — in  the 
Goldfarb  Library  and  in  the 
new  Farber  Library 
scheduled  to  open  this 
spring. 

Explains  Cynthia  Shulman, 
recently  elected  president  of 
the  BUNWC,  "The  National 
Women's  Committee 
remains  as  committed  today 
as  ever  before.  As  Brandeis 
has  expanded  and  its  need 
for  educational  materials  has 
grown,  our  mission  has 
become  all  the  more 
compelling.  Building  on  the 
strong  foundation  of  our 
past,  we  welcome  the 
opportunity  to  reaffirm  our 
loyalty,  our  involvement  and 
our  service  to  the  Brandeis 
community." 


Extraordinary  one-week 
vacation  trips  are  being 
offered  dunng  winter  1982/ 
83  for  Brandeis  alumni/ae  at 
low  charter-value  prices.  The 
destinations  have  been 
chosen  to  satisfy  a  variety  of 
tastes  while  providing  the 
added  benefit  of  group  tour 
comraderie  and  savings. 

The  charter- flight  vacation 
destinations  for  Winter 
1982/83  include:  Rio  de 
Janeiro;  "Disney  World," 
Orlando;  Montcgo  Bay; 
Martinique;  Miami  Beach; 
Barbados;  Acapulco;  Grand 
Bahama  Island;  Santo 
Domingo;  Nassau; 
Guadeloupe  and  San  Juan.  A 
special  Israel  tour  is  also 
planned.  Contact  the 
Alumni  Office  for  further 
information. 


The  Kresge  Foundation, 
Pew  Memorial  Trust 
Recognize  Brandeis 


The  Kresge  Foundation  of 
Troy  Michigan,  and  the 
Pew  Memorial  Trust  of 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania, 
two  of  America's  most 
prestigious  foundations, 
have  granted  Brandeis  more 
than  half  a  million  dollars 
towards  the  construction  of 
the  new  Leonard  L.  Farber 
Library  and  the  expansion 
and  renovation  of  the  Jacob 
Goldfarb  Library. 

The  trustees  of  the  Kresge 
Foundation  approved  a 
$300,000  challenge  grant, 
and  the  Pew  Memorial  Trust 
announced  a  gift  of 
$250,000.  Both  grants  supply 
a  timely  boost  to  the  library 
campaign  which,  as 
President  Bernstein  noted  in 
a  letter  to  Alfred  H.  Taylor, 
president  of  the  Kresge 


Foundation,  "constitutes 
Brandeis'  highest  priority  at 
this  time." 

The  grant  from  the  Pew 
Memorial  Trust  marks  the 
first  time  the  organization 
has  awarded  money  to 
Brandeis  for  the  construction 
of  a  building.  Responding  to 
the  honor.  President 
Bernstein  wrote  Robert  I. 
Smith,  president  of  the 
Glenmede  Trust  Company 
which  administers  all  of  the 
Pew  Charitable  Trusts,  that 
the  grant,  "means  a  great 
deal  .  .  .  because  it  comes 
from  the  Pew  Memorial 
Trust.  We  know  that  you 
maintain  the  very  highest 
standards  of  philanthropy 


Established  in  1948  as  the 
Pew  Memorial  Foundation, 
the  Pew  Memorial  Trust  has 
made  major  gifts  to  the 
nation's  best  universities 
and  medical  schools. 

In  determining  the  schools 
that  merit  support,  the  Trust 
looks  for  organizations  with 
"well-defined  goals  and 
services  and  competent 
people  to  direct  their 
efforts." 

The  Kresge  Foundation  also 
maintains  the  very  highest 
standards.  After  considering 
1,449  proposals  in  1982,  the 
Foundation  awarded  new 
grant  commitments  totalling 
$28,260,000  to  132 
organizations  in  32  states 
and  the  District  of 
Columbia. 


Most  of  the  Kresge 
Foundation's  grants  involve 
the  construction  and 
renovation  of  facilities.  Only 
after  the  recipient  has  raised 
the  initial  funds  does  the 
Kresge  Foundation  make 
most  of  Its  grants.  It 
authorizes  grants  on  a 
challenge  basis  requiring  the 
remaining  funds  to  be  raised 
and  insuring  the  completion 
of  the  project. 

Brandeis  has  until  May  15, 
1983  to  raise  the  remainder 
of  the  $6.5  million  necessary 
to  complete  the  construction 
of  the  new  library  complex. 
President  Bernstein  has 
expressed  confidence  in  the 
ability  of  Brandeis  to  meet 
the  challenge. 


Brandeis  Scholar 
Helps  Translate 
Hebrew  Bible 


Nahum  M.  Sama,  Dora 
Golding  Professor  of  Biblical 
Studies,  is  one  of  three 
Hebrew  scholars  who,  for 
the  past  16  years,  has 
worked  on  a  unique  and 
historically  important 
translation  of  the  Hebrew 
Bible. 

Begun  over  25  years  ago 
by  the  Jewish  Publication 
Society  of  America,  the 
project  had  previously 
published  translations  of 
the  Torah  (1962)  and  the 
Prophets  (1978).  Translation 
of  the  Jewish  scriptural 
canon,  published  m  June 
1982,  marks  the  project's 
end.  This  section,  referred  to 
as  the  Writings,  contains  the 
books  of  Psalms,  Proverbs, 
Job,  The  Song  of  Songs, 
Ruth,  Lamentations, 
Ecclesiastes,  Esther,  Daniel, 
Ezra,  Nehemiah,  and  I  and  II 
Chronicles. 

Working  together  with 
Professor  Sama  on  this  final 
phase  of  the  project  were 
Moshe  Greenberg  and  Jonas 
Greenfield,  two  U.S. -trained 
experts  now  associated  with 
The  Hebrew  University  in 
Israel.  Also  lending  guidance 
were  three  rabbis 
lepresentmg  the  Orthodox, 
Conservative  and  Reform 
branches  of  Judaism  as  well 
as  Novelist-Rabbi  Chaim 
Potok  who  served  as 
secretary  of  the  committee. 

Each  book  was  divided  into 
three  sections  with  the  three 
scholars  preparing 
preliminary'  drafts  of  an 
assigned  section.  This  draft 
was  then  reviewed  by  other 
committee  members  and  the 
rabbis,  with  each  person 
submitting  comments  and 
suggesting  alternatives  to 
the  secretary  of  the 
committee.  A  revised  text, 
incorporating  these  changes, 
was  then  presented  to  the 
committee  for  further 
discussion  and  debate. 


With  publication  of  the 
Writings,  the  project's 
completion  marks  the  first 
translation  direct  from  the 
Masoretic  (original  Hebrew) 
text  into  the  vernacular  by 
an  organized  commission  of 
Jewish  scholars  since  the 
Septuagint  translation  of  the 
Torah  into  Greek  completed 
in  Alexandria  during  the 
third  century  before  the 
Common  Era. 

Professor  Harry  Orlinsky  of 
the  Hebrew  Union  College- 
Jewish  Institute  of  Religion, 
who  first  proposed  the 
project  29  years  ago,  called 
the  completed  three-volume 
work  "the  greatest  scholarly 
event  in  the  history  of  the 
Jewish  community  of 
America  in  the  20th 
century." 

Its  ramifications  extend  far 
beyond  the  Jewish 
community,  according  to 
Professor  Orlinsky.  He  points 
out  that  the  translation  has 
already  prompted  Protestants 
and  Catholics  to  revise  their 
Bible  in  accordance  with  the 
philosophy  of  the  Jewish 
translation. 

The  scholars  relied  on 
numerous  ancient  sources  in 
translating  the  Masoretic 
text  into  modem  vernacular 
The  three-man  team 
reviewed  the  writings  of 
rabbinic  commentators  over 
the  past  800  years  and  also 
made  use  of  such  recent 
archaeological  discoveries  as 
the  Dead  Sea  Scrolls, 
Egyptian  papyri,  and 
Ugaritic  tablets  to  arrive  at 
accurate  translations. 

The  committee  agonized 
over  some  of  the  changes  it 
made,  particularly  in 
familiar  verses.  But, 
according  to  Professor  Sarna, 
the  true  intention  of  the 
Masoretic  text  was  the 
decisive  factor  in  all  cases. 

"Our  task  was  to  reconstruct 
as  accurately  as  possible  the 
true  meaning  of  the  text 
while  reflecting  as  much  of 
its  original  literary  character 
as  possible,"  Professor  Sama 
explained. 


Death  Notices 


Vivian  Ernst 

of  Brookline,  an  assistant 
professor  of  biochemistry  at 
Brandeis  University,  died 
September  12  at  Beth  Israel 
Hospital  following  a  lengthy 
illness.  The  biochemist  and 
molecular  biologist  was  32 
years  old.  A  Belgian-bom 
scientist  whose  research 
interests  focused  on  the 
control  of  cell  activity  and 
the  mechanisms  of  the 
regulation  of  protein 
synthesis,  Professor  Ernst 
came  to  Brandeis  in  1980 
from  M.I.T,  where  she  had 
been  a  research  scientist  in 
the  department  of  biology. 
"Vivian  Ernst  was  an 
outstanding  young 
investigator  of  exceptionally 
high  ability  and  potential 
whose  work  was  already 
widely  regarded,"  said  Dr 
William  P.  Jencks,  the  Gyula 
and  Katica  Tauber  Professor 
of  Biochemistry  and 
Molecular 
Pharmacodynamics. 
"Although  this  was  only  her 
third  year  at  Brandeis,  her 
death  has  been  felt  deeply  by 
many. " 

Marcia  S.  Isaacs 
Brandeis'  associate  regional 
director  of  development  in 
New  York  City  and  director 
of  Brandeis  House  there,  died 
in  July  at  age  46.  She  was 
director  of  Brandeis'  annual 
Creative  Arts  Awards 
ceremony  for  many  years 
and  most  recently 
coordinated  industry  dinners 
for  the  University.  The  New 
York-bom  executive  was  a 
1957  graduate  of  Bennington 
College  in  Vermont.  Mrs. 
Isaacs  joined  the  Brandeis 
staff  in  1967. 

Ann  R.  Lorenz  Van  Zanten 

'72  was  one  of  six  people 
killed  in  the  August  9 
terrorist  attack  on  a  Jewish 
restaurant  in  Paris. 
The  30-year-old  art  historian 
graduated  from  Brandeis 
summa  cum  laude  with 
honors  in  Fine  Arts  and 
received  her  doctorate  in 
1980  from  Harvard 
University. 


In  extending  the  University's 
condolences  to  the  Van 
Zanten  and  Lorenz  families. 
President  Marver  H. 
Bemstein  said,  "The 
Brandeis  University 
community  is  profoundly 
disturbed  that  violence  once 
again  has  been  committed 
against  people  because  they 
are  Jews.  All  of  us  are 
diminished  by  this  hateful 
act."  A  St.  Louis  native,  Mrs. 
Van  Zanten  was  recently 
named  curator  of  the 
Chicago  Historical  Society's 
collection  of  architectural 
drawings  and  records. 
She  IS  survived  by  her  three- 
year-old  daughter  and  her 
husband,  David  Van  Zanten, 
chairman  of  the  Art  History 
Department  at  Northwestern 
University.  Mr.  Van  Zanten 
was  one  of  the  21  persons 
injured  in  the  Paris  attack. 

David  Stanley  Wiesen,  a 

former  professor  of  Classics 
at  Brandeis  and  a  widely 
recognized  Latinist,  died  in 
August  in  Los  Angeles. 
Prof.  Wiesen  taught  at 
Brandeis  from  1966  to  1975, 
serving  as  chairman  of  the 
Classics  and  Oriental 
Studies  Department  for  most 
of  that  period.  In  1972  he 
was  named  to  the  Samuel 
Lembeig  Chair  in  Classics. 
At  the  time  of  his  death. 
Prof.  Wiesen,  46,  was  Dean 
of  Humanities  at  the 
University  of  Southem 
California,  where  he  had 
taught  since  1975. 

H.  Albert  Young 

a  Fellow  of  Brandeis  since 
1959,  and  a  former  Attorney 
General  for  the  State  of 
Delaware,  died  in  May.  He 
was  78.  Mr  Young 
established  in  1977  the  Ann 
B.  Young  Fund  for  Science 
Facilities  in  honor  of  his  late 
wife. 


32 


Alumni  in  the  News 


A  Meaningful 
Exchange 


33   In  the  presence  of  princes, 
in  the  upper  echelons  of 
academia,  and  in  the 
boardrooms  of  Big  Business, 
Brandeis  alumni/ae  are 
increasingly  found  among 
men  and  women  in  the 
know,  and  in  the  news. 

Word  from  The  Washington 
Post  is  that  Peter  Osnos  '64 
was  the  first  American 
journalist  with  whom 
Britain's  Prince  Charles 
held  a  fuU  discussion  of  his 
opinions  on  world  affairs,  his 
duties  and  his  guiding 
principles.  The  interview, 
which  was  conducted  in 
London,  appeared  in  The 
Washington  Post,  The 
Boston  Globe  and  other 
major  dailies. 

The  New  York  Times 
Magazine  ran  an  article  by 
freelance  writer  Sidney 
Blumenthal  '69  assessing  the 
Reagan  Administration's 
reliance  on  sophisticated 
teams  of  pollsters  and 
public-opinion  analysts. 
According  to  Mr 
Blumenthal,  Ronald 
Reagan  is  the  nation's 
communicator-in-chief, 
governing  America  by  a  new 
strategic  doctrine — the 
permanent  campaign. 

We  read  in  the  Lexington, 
Kentucky  Herald  that  John 
Newell  Oswalt  'G  (PhD, 
Mediterranean  Studies  '68) 
was  named  president  of 
Asbury  College  in  Willmore, 
Kentucky.  He  succeeds  to 
that  post  another  Brandeis 
alumnus,  Dennis  F.  Kinlaw 
'G  (PhD,  Mediterranean 
Studies  '67). 

News  of  a  similar 
appointment  comes  from  the 
Lawrence,  Massachusetts 
Eagle  Tribune  which 
discloses  the  selection  of 
Arthur  Levine  '70  as 
president  of  Bradford  College 
in  Bradford,  Massachusetts. 
The  Irish  Echo  reports  that 
Joseph  S.  Murphy  'G  (PhD, 
History  of  Ideas  '61)  has  left 
the  presidency  of  Bennington 
College  in  Vermont  to 
assume  the  position  of 
chancellor  at  The  City 
University  of  New  York. 

Coming  across  our  desks  is 
news  of  still  other  Brandeis 


alumni  who  hold  positions 
as  college  presidents.  They 
include  Andrew  Billingsley 
'G  (PhD,  Heller  School  '64) 
who  heads  Morgan  State 
University  in  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  and  Rev.  Bernard  J. 
Coughlin  S.J.  'G  (PhD, 
Heller  School  '63)  who 
serves  as  president  of 
Gonzaga  University  in 
Spokane,  Washington. 

Journalists  covering  the 
inner  circles  of  industry  and 
the  conference  rooms  of 
conglomerates  needn't 
search  far  for  the  Brandeis 
name.  Featured  recently  in 
the  Boston  Herald  American 
was  an  article  about  the  new 
president  at  Playboy 
Enterprises:  Christie  Hefner, 
Brandeis  alumna  '74  and 
President's  Councilor  Ms. 
Hefner  assumed  her  new 
position  last  April. 

Behind  the  scenes  of  Big 
Business  we  hear  news  of 
Nancy  Dreyer  '72,  an 
epidemiologist  and  president 
of  the  research  firm. 
Epidemiology  Resources  Inc. 
of  Brookline,  Massachusetts. 
The  New  York  Times  reports 
that  when  the  Manville 
Corporation,  the  largest  U.S. 
producer  of  asbestos  and  a 
Fortune  500  company, 
decided  to  file  for  protection 
from  its  creditors  under 
federal  bankruptcy  laws,  it 
did  so  based  on  figures  of 
potential  asbestos-related 
lawsuits  provided  by  Ms. 
Dreyer 's  firm. 

The  Danbury,  Connecticut 
News  Times  relays  news  of 
stage  sounds  for  Brandeis 
alumna  Janet  Neipris  'G 
(MFA,  Theater  Arts  '75). 
An  associate  professor  of 
dramatic  writing  at  New 
York  University,  Ms.  Neipris 
has  had  numerous  plays 
produced  in  New  York, 
Washington,  Chicago  and 
other  major  cities.  Her  play, 
"The  Desert" — originally 
commissioned  by  "Earplay," 
a  drama  series  broadcast 
nationally  over  PBS — 
appeared  onstage  this 
summer  at  the  Sharon 
(Connecticut)  Playhouse. 
"Out  of  Order,"  another  of 
her  works,  is  scheduled  for  .i 
reading  at  the  Circle 
Repertory  Company  in  New 
York  City  this  fall. 


Brandeis  alumna  Meredith 
Tax  '64  has  had  a  third  book 
published,  according  to  an 
article  appearing  in  the 
Milwaukee  Journal.  Her 
most  recent  work  and  first 
novel,  "Rivington  Street," 
traces  three  generations  of 
Jews  from  the  time  of  the 
Kishinev  pogrom  through 
the  end  of  World  War  I  in 
America. 

Word  from  the  west  comes  to 
us  from  the  Davenport,  Iowa 
Quad-City  Times  which 
published  a  letter  written  by 
Rose  Shirwindt  Weinberg  '57 
to  a  friend  in  Rock  Island, 
Iowa.  Mrs.  Weinberg,  who 
resides  with  her  husband  in 
Jerusalem,  wrote  at  length  to 
protest  the  unjust  media 
coverage  given  to  the  Israeli 
invasion  of  Lebanon. 

The  list  goes  on  .  .  . 

And  while  space  allows  only 
a  small  sampling  of  the  news 
reports  which  pass  across  our 
desks,  it  is  abundantly  clear 
that  Brandeis  alumni/ae  are 
making  impressive  inroads 
into  all  fields — obtaining 
professional  recognition  and 
achieving  personal  goals.  In 
so  doing,  they  distinguish 
not  only  themselves,  but 
also  their  alma  mater 


"The  Brandeis  Exchange," 
an  exciting  new  Fellows 
Program  inaugurated 
October  15  and  16,  offered 
University  Fellows  and  their 
spouses  a  unique 
opportunity  to  see  Brandeis 
from  the  students' 
perspective.  Paired  on  a  one- 
to-one  basis  with  students 
who  served  as  their  hosts, 
the  Fellows  attended  classes, 
toured  the  campus, 
exchanged  ideas  with 
undergraduates  and  enjoyed 
performances  by  the  Lydian 
String  Quartet  and  the 
University's  Gilbert  and 
Sullivan  Society.  Program 
participants  also  met  with 
Dean  of  the  Faculty  Anne  P. 
Carter  and  other  academic 
and  administrative  officers 
of  the  University.  During  the 
two-day  program.  Fellows 
were  challenged  to  re- 
examine their  perspectives 
on  Brandeis  and  to  accept 
their  new  role  in  the  '80s:  to 
serve  as  "goodwill 
ambassadors"  for  University 
admissions  and  to  help 
Brandeis  further  develop  an 
extensive  job  networking 
system  for  undergraduate 
students. 


Top  (left  to  right):  Anita 
Perlman,  a  Brandeis  Fellow 
from  Chicago,  Illinois: 
Cheryl  G.  Cutler,  a  senior 
from  Swampscott, 
Massachusetts;  and 
Malcolm  Sherman  of 
Wellesley  Hills. 
Massachusetts,  chairman  of 
the  Brandeis  Univer.'iity 
Fellows. 

Bottom  (left  to  right):  Bessie 
Hahn,  Brandeis'  director  of 
library  services;  John 
Jamoulis,  a  senior  from 
Oceanside.  New  York; 
Helene  Bernhardt,  wife  of 
University  Fellow  Bertram 
Bernhardt;  Providence 
resident  Bertram  Bernhardt, 
a  Fellow:  Charles  E. 
Armstrong,  a  senior  from 
Plymouth,  Massachusetts: 
•uta  Perlman,  Fellow  from 
r.icago.  Illinois;  and  Elaine 
Zecher,  a  senior  from 
Monroeville,  Pennsylvania. 


Brandeis  Bookshelf 


Arabs  in  the  Jewish  State 


How  to  Discipline  without 
Feeling  Guilty 


Me  and  the  Wierdos 


by  Ian  Lustick  '71 
University  of  Texas  Press 

It  IS  an  issue  that  often  fias 
been  tfie  subject  of 
passionate  debate  but  rarely 
explored  in  depth:  Israel's 
treatment  of  the  one-seventh 
of  its  citizenry  that  is  Arab. 
In  making  one  of  the  first 
scholarly  forays  into  this 
emotionally  charged 
political  thicket,  Ian  Lustick 
addresses  one  central 
question:  How  does  one 
explain  the  strikingly  low 
level  of  Arab  political 
activity  in  Israel'  In 
answering,  Mr.  Lustick 
argues  that  Israeli 
authorities  have  successfully 
coopted  Arab  elites, 
maintained  the 
backwardness  of  the  Arab 
economy,  and  promoted 
parochial  rivalries  within  the 
Arab  sector  The  author 
concludes  that  in  the  future 
Israel  will  have  to  commit 
more  resources  and  endure 
higher  levels  of  unfavorable 
international  publicity  to 
maintain  control  over  its 
Arab  population.  Well 
researched  and  documented, 
this  dispassionate  study  by  a 
lifelong  Zionist  is  required 
reading  for  those  who  want 
to  be  judged  knowledgeable 
about  this  sensitive  subject. 


by  Melvin  L.  Silberman  '64 
and  Susan  A.  Wheelan 
Hawthorn  Books,  $10.95 

If  there  were  awards  given  for 
the  best  titles  of  the  year, 
this  book  by  two 
psychotherapists  would  be  a 
certain  nominee  in  the  non- 
fiction  category.  Both  the 
title  and  the  book's  theme 
undoubtedly  speak  to  the 
concerns  (and  neuroses)  of 
millions  of  Americans, 
especially  middle  class  and 
educated  ones,  who  are 
genuinely  confused  about 
how  and  when  to  assert 
authority  over  their  children. 
Subtitled  Assertive 
Relationships  with  Children, 
the  jargon-free  volume 
contends  that  the  raising  and 
teaching  of  offspring  requires 
strong,  confident  adults  who 
are  willing  to  be  in  charge. 
Towards  that  end,  the 
authors  present  a  senes  of 
steps  designed  to  infuse  even 
the  most  timid  parents  with 
the  skills  and  confidence 
they'll  need  to  become 
assertive.  For  it  is  the  adults 
who  mean  business — yet 
aren't  cruel — who  most 
readily  gain  the  respect  and 
trust  of  the  child. 


by  Jane  Sutton  '72 
Houghton  Mifflin  Company, 
$6.95 

Can  a  family  whose  father 
plants  dandelions  in  the 
backyard,  a  mother  who 
calls  herself  Squirrel  and 
gargles  thrice  daily  with 
orange  juice,  and  a  sister 
who  collects  canned  food 
labels  find  happiness  in 
suburbia?  Jane  Sutton  '72, 
who  was  once  voted  class 
comedienne  in  her  high 
school,  thinks  it  can. 
However,  her  heroine,  Cindy 
Krinkle,  the  youngest 
member  of  this  menagerie  of         . 
individualists,  is  quite  ii 

sensitive  to  the  charge  that 
her  family,  is,  well,  weird.  So 
in  Me  and  the  Weirdos,  7- 

Cindy  makes  an  earnest 
attempt  to  cure  her  family  of 
their  dread  affliction.  But, 
fortunately,  she  cannot. 
Although  ostensibly  wntten 
with  preteens  and  young 
teens  in  mind.  Me  and  the 
Weirdos  is  one  of  those  rare 
works  that  adults  will  enjoy 
as  well.  It's  funny, 
unpretentious,  and  the  moral 
lesson  It  aims  to  impart  is 
unmarred  by  heavy- 
handedness.  But,  admit  it. 
Don't  you  think  it's  weird  to 
name  your  pet  sea  urchin 
Comer? 


Anbsin 

tbeJc 

n 

tick 

t3 

u 


Raationshps 

with 

Childnen 


Me  and  the  ARTHUR  ^lAl^w^ 

Weirdos 


lANE  SirtTON 


Every  Goyl5 

(iiitAo  try 

Common 

Jewish 

Expressions 


tn  ^jnf>  tlcHtn 


vs    4 


GOOD  COMPANY 


Dmifl**  A-  SMrpKT 


Good  Company 


Every  Goy's  Guide  to 
Common  Jewish  Expressions 


Author's  Query 


by  Douglas  A.  Harper  Ph.D. 

'76 

University  of  Chicago  Press, 

$20 

Douglas  A.  Harper  is 
assistant  professor  of 
sociology  at  the  State 
University  of  New  York, 
Potsdam.  In  his  doctoral 
dissertation  at  Brandeis, 
"The  Homeless  Man:  An 
Ethnography  of  Work, 
Trains,  and  Booze,"  he 
described  his  experiences  as 
a  tramp  hopping  freight 
trains  across  America  and 
encountering  a  life  of  hobo 
jungles,  skid  rows  and 
sudden  violence.  With 
acknowledgements  to 
former  Brandeis  professor 
Everett  Hughes  and  current 
faculty  members  Charles 
Fisher  and  Irving  Zola  of 
the  Sociology  Department, 
Mr.  Harper  has  now  written 
a  book  version  of  his 


fascinating  sociological 
study.  But  Good  Company  is 
more  than  an  academician's 
treatise.  It  is  also  a  touching 
and  engrossing  narrative  of  a 
dying  world  where  fierce 
friendship,  honesty  trust, 
and  most  of  all,  freedom,  are 
still  possible.  Augmented  by 
the  author 's  remarkably 
evocative  photographs  of  a 
sub-culture  he  called  home 
for  several  years.  Good 
Company  has  much  to  say 
about  our  society  and  the 
way  we  shape  our  own  lives. 


by  Arthur  Naiman  '62 
Houghton  Mifflin  Company, 
$4.95  paperback 

Arthur  Naiman  is  guilty  of 
the  high  crime  of  misleading 
his  readers.  His  Every  Goy's 
Guide  to  Common  Jewish 
Expressions  will  appeal  to 
Jews  as  much  as  it  will  to 
Gentiles,  if  not  more.  But 
maybe  the  crafty  humorist  is 
well  aware  of  this  fact.  In 
any  case,  this  breezily 
written  dictionary — replete 
with  stories  and  jokes — 
defines  both  Jewish  humor 
and  the  Jewish  way  of 
looking  at  the  world.  And, 
perhaps,  saving  and  savoring 
the  best  for  last,  the  author,  a 
resident  of  San  Francisco 
starved  for  a  good  dell,  lets 
you  in  on  where  in  this 
goyisha  country  you  can  still 
find  good  Jewish  food. 


Edward  Hoffman,  Ph.D.,  is 
currently  writing  a  book 
Beyond  the  Brain:  The 
Visionary  Tradition  In 
Psychology,  which  looks 
closely  at  the  life  and  work 
of  psychologist  Abraham 
Maslow. 

Dr.  Hoffman  would  be 
grateful  for  any  information 
or  personal  reminiscences 
from  students  and  colleagues 
regarding  Dr.  Maslow's  life 
and  work.  Please  send 
information  to:  Edward 
Hoffman,  1592  NW  90th 
Way,  Pembroke  Pines, 
Florida  33024. 


Faculty  Notes 


Laurence  F.  Abbott 

associate  professor  of 
physics,  recently 
participated  in  a  summer 
study  on  elementary  particle 
physics  near  Aspen, 
Colorado.  Program 
participants  considered  what 
types  of  national 
experimental  facilities  will 
be  needed  for  future  research 
in  high-energy  physics  and 
explored  directions  that 
research  might  take.  He  also 
spent  a  month  visiting  the 
theory  group  at  the  Stanford 
Linear  Accelerator  Center. 

Stuart  H.  Altman 

dean  of  the  Heller  School, 
chaired  a  June  conference 
sponsored  by  the  Heller 
School  in  Key  Biscayne, 
Florida.  Among  the 
participants  were 
Representative  Henry 
Waxman  (D-Cal.),  chairman 
of  the  Health  Subcommittee 
of  the  U.S.  House  of 
Representatives; 
Representative  Charles 
Rangle  (D-N.Y),  former 
chairman  of  the  Health 
Oversight  Committee  of  the 
House  Ways  and  Means 
Committee;  senior 
executives  from  state  and 
federal  government,  pnvate 
insurance.  Blue  Cross,  and 
representatives  from 
outpatient  departments  of 
major  hospitals  and  private 
physicians.  Dean  Altman 
also  spoke  on  "National 
Health  Insurance:  American 
Style"  at  the  7th  Annual 
Health  Conference  of  the 
Government  Research  Corp. 
in  Washington,  D.C.  He  also 
delivered  a  paper  in  June  on 
the  "Growing  Physician 
Surplus:  Will  it  Benefit  or 
Bankrupt  the  U.S.  Health 
System,"  at  a  Robert  Wood 
Johnson  Foundation 
conference  on  the  future  of 
graduate  medical  education. 

Teresa  M.  Amabile 

assistant  professor  of 
psychology,  is  the  author  of 
"The  Social  Psychology  of 
Creativity:  A  Componential 
Conceptualization,"  to  be 
published  in  the  lournal  of 
Personality  and  Social 
Psychology.  She  presented 
her  creativity  research  to  the 
annual  creativity  conference 
at  the  Center  for  Creative 
Leadership  in  Greensboro, 
North  Carolina  in 
September. 


Kathleen  L.  Barry 

assistant  professor  of 
sociology,  upon  the  French 
publication  of  her  book, 
Esclavage  Sexual  de  la 
Femme,  lectured  in  Pans  at 
the  Maison  des  Femmes,  was 
interviewed  on  radio 
"France-Culture"  and  gave  a 
press  conference  at  the 
Maison  de  I'Amerique 
Latine.  She  delivered  the 
keynote  speech  opening  the 
National  Conference  of  the 
Coalition  Against  Sexual 
Assault  in  Seattle  in  July. 
Professor  Barry  published  a 
review  of  Every  Secret  Thing 
by  Patricia  Hearst  and 
Growing  Up  Underground 
by  Jane  Alpert  in  New 
Directions  for  Women,  July/ 
August. 

Robert  H.  Binstock 

Louis  Stulbeig  Professor  of 
Law  and  Politics,  has  been 
named  chair  of  an  advisory 
panel  to  the  U.S.  Congress, 
Office  of  Technology 
Assessment,  for  an  18- 
month  study  of  the  impact 
of  technology  on  aging  in 
America. 

Saul  G.  Cohen 
Charles  A.  Breskin 
University  Professor  of 
Chemistry,  was  honored  by 
Harvard  University's  Class 
of  1937  at  Its  45th 
anniversary  as  a  "revered 
teacher,  firm  but  kindly  dean 
and  able  chemist  in  industry 
and  academe." 

Peter  Conrad 

assistant  professor  of 
sociology,  served  as  program 
co-chair  for  the  recent 
annual  meeting  of  the 
Society  for  the  Study  of 
Social  Problems  and 
presented  a  paper  on  "Cures 
and  Conditions:  Technology 
and  the  Medicalization  of 
Deviance." 

Stanley  Deser 
Enid  and  Nathan  S.  Ancell 
Professor  of  Physics,  has 
been  named  to  the  National 
Science  Foundation's 
Advisory  Committee  for 
Physics.  This  summer  he 
delivered  invited  lectures  at 
the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
Ecole  Normale  (Paris), 
CERN  (Geneva),  University 
of  Bonn  and  Niels  Bohr 
Institute  (Copenhagen). 


Elliot  I.  Feldman 

assistant  professor  of 
politics,  was  interviewed  in 
July  on  National  Public 
Radio's  "All  Things 
Considered"  and  on  WBZ-TV 
(NBC)  in  Boston  about  his 
recent  book.  Technocracy 
versus  Democracy:  The 
Comparative  Politics  of 
International  Airports.  At  a 
special  conference  hosted  by 
the  City  University  of  New 
York  he  presented  a  paper  on 
Canadian  foreign  policy,  and 
he  published  an  article  on 
Canadian-United  States 
relations  in  Canada's 
Financial  Post.  He  also 
chaired  two  panels  and 
commented  on  the  papers  of 
a  third  during  a  Harvard 
University  conference  on 
Quebec-U.S.  relations. 

Philip  Fisher 

associate  professor  of 
English,  recently  completed 
a  lecture  tour  of  West 
German  universities 
including  Frankfurt, 
Stuttgart,  Munich,  Erlangen, 
Mannheim  and  Berlin.  The 
tour  was  co-sponsored  by 
the  State  Department's 
International 
Communications  Agency 
and  the  West  German 
Society  of  American  Studies. 
Professor  Fisher  spoke  on 
"Art  Objects  and  Mass 
Production,"  "The  Politics 
of  Sentimentality  and  the 
Representation  of  Urban 
Experience  in  Literature."  He 
also  addressed  the  annual 
conference  of  the  German 
Association  for  American 
Studies  at  Eichstatt. 

Lawrence  H.  Fuchs 
Meyer  and  Walter  Jaffe 
Professor  of  American 
Civilization  and  Politics, 
this  summer  delivered  the 
following  papers:  "Ethnicity 
and  Foreign  Policy:  A 
Question  of  Multiple 
Loyalties,"  at  the  third 
annual  University  of 
Wisconsin  Conference  on 
Ethnicity  and  Public  Policy; 
"Critical  Issues  in  the 
Current  Immigration 
Debate,"  at  the  Rockefeller 
Foundation's  Conference  on 
Labor  Market  Impacts  on 
Immigration;  and 
"Immigration  Policy  and 
the  Rule  of  Law,"  at  the 
University  of  Pittsburgh  Law 
School  Symposium  on 


Immigrants  and  the  Law. 
The  first  paper  is  to  be 
published  tn  Ethnicity  and 
Public  Policy,  the  second  by 
the  Rockefeller  Foundation 
and  the  third  in  the 
University  of  Pittsburgh  Law 
Review.  Professor  Fuchs' 
essay,  "Immigration, 
Pluralism  and  Public  Policy: 
The  Challenge  of  the 
Pluribus  to  the  Unum,"  will 
be  published  by  D.C.  Heath 
in  U.S.  Immigration:  Global 
and  Domestic  Issues  in 
October. 

James  B.  Hendrickson 

professor  of  chemistry,  has 
been  elected  chair-elect  of 
the  Northeastern  Section  of 
the  American  Chemical 
Society  for  1983,  to  be 
followed  by  the 
chairmanship  in  1984.  Also 
elected  from  the  chemistry 
department  were:  Professors 
Saul  Cohen,  trustee; 
Adrienne  Dey,  councilor  and 
editor  of  The  Nucleus-, 
Kenneth  Kustin,  councilor, 
and  Arthur  Reis,  auditor. 

Judith  T.  Irvine 
associate  professor  of 
anthropology,  was  awarded  a 
National  Science  Foundation 
grant  to  organize  an 
international  conference  on 
"Language  in  Cultural 
Context,"  held  in  July  at  the 
Australian  National 
University  (A.N.U.).  After 
presenting  a  conference 
paper  on  "History  and  Event 
Models  in  Linguistic 
Anthropology,"  she  stayed  in 
Australia  for  several  weeks 
to  visit  a  field  research 
site  in  North  Queensland, 
and  to  work  as  a  visiting 
research  fellov^  at  the 
A.N.U.'s  Department  of 
Anthropology,  Research 
School  of  Pacific  Studies. 


Robert  O.  Keohane 
professor  of  international 
relations,  was  asked  to 
present  the  "state  of  the 
discipline"  paper  at  the 
American  Political  Science 
Association  convention  in 
Denver,  Colorado  in 
September.  The  paper, 
"Theory  of  World  Politics: 
Structural  Realism  and 
Beyond,"  is  expected  to 
appear  in  a  volume  edited  by 
the  Association.  Professor 
Keohane's  paper,  "Economic 
Dependence  and  the  Self- 
Directed  Small  State," 
presented  at  a  July  1981 
conference  in  Israel,  is 
scheduled  for  publication 
this  fall  in  the  Jerusalem 
Journal  of  International 
Relations.  A  third  paper, 
"Inflation  and  the  Decline  of 
American  Power,"  appeared 
in  a  recent  volume.  The 
Political  Economy  of 
Domestic  and  International 
Monetary  Relations,  edited 
by  Raymond  Lombra  and 
Willard  Witte  (Iowa  State 
University  Press). 

Richard  H.  Lansing 

associate  professor  of  Italian 
and  comparative  literature, 
IS  the  author  of  "Dante's 
Unfolding  Vision"  which 
appeared  in  the  volume 
Approaches  to  Teaching 
Dante's  Divine  Comedy, 
edited  by  Carole  Slade 
(Modern  Language 
Association  of  America 
1982). 

Christopher  K.  Lcman 

assistant  professor  of 
politics,  was  a  witness  at 
an  April  hearing  of  a 
subcommittee  of  the  House 
Agriculture  Committee,  and 
presented  "Thoughts  of  a 
Political  Scientist  on  the 
Economists'  Case  for  Selling 
Off  the  Public  Lands,"  at  a 
panel  of  the  Eastern 
Economics  Association, 
Washington,  D.C.  He  has 
been  awarded  a  Forest  Policy 
Fellowship  for  work  in  1982- 
83  at  Resources  for  the 
Future,  and  in  March  1983 
will  chair  a  special  session  of 
the  North  American  Wildlife 
and  Natural  Resources 
Conference  in  Kansas  City 
Missouri. 


John  M.  Lowenstein 
Helena  Rubinstein  Professor 
of  Biochemistry,  recently 
gave  seminars  on  "The 
Purine  Nucleotide  Cycle"  at 
the  University  of  Utah 
Medical  School,  Fox  Chase 
Cancer  Research  Institute  in 
Philadelphia  and  Boston 
University  School  of 
Medicine.  He  also  gave 
a  seminar  on  the 
"Measurement  of 
Lipogenesis  with  Deuterium 
Labeled  Water"  at  the 
University  of  Oklahoma 
Medical  School;  spoke  on 
"5'-Nucleotidase  and  the 
Control  of  Coronary  Blood 
Flow"  at  the  University  of 
Virginia,  Charlottesville; 
was  one  of  the  principal 
speakers  at  the  International 
Symposium  on  Purine 
Metabolism  in  Maastricht, 
Holland;  and  was  an  invited 
speaker  at  the  Institute  for 
Physiological  Chemistry  in 
Diisseldorf,  Germany. 

Joan  M.  Maling 

associate  professor  of 
linguistics,  gave  a  one-week 
series  of  lectures  on  modem 
Icelandic  syntax  at  the 
University  of  Stockholm  in 
May.  She  also  lectured  at  the 
University  of  Lund,  Sweden, 
and  the  University  of 
Iceland,  and  presented  an 
invited  paper  on  reflexive 
pronouns  in  Icelandic  at  the 
Workshop  on  Scandinavian 
Syntax  at  the  University  of 
Trondheim,  Norway,  in  June. 
Professor  Maling  is  the  co- 
author, with  A.  Zaenen  of 
Harvard  University,  of  two 
recently  published  articles: 
"Germanic  Word  Order  and 
the  Format  of  Surface 
Filters,"  in  Binding  and 
Filtering,  and  "A  Phrase 
Structure  Account  of 
Scandinavian  Extraction 
Phenomena,"  in  The  Nature 
of  Syntactic  Representation. 

Frank  E.  Manuel 

Alfred  and  Viola  Hart 
University  Professor, 
delivered  a  paper  on  "Uses 
of  Jewish  Thought  in 
Seventeenth-Century 
Christendom"  at  an 
International  Symposium  on 
Seventeenth-Century  Jewish 
Thought  sponsored  by  the 
Center  for  Jewish  Studies  at 
Harvard  m  March.  Professor 
Manuel  also  delivered  a 


lecture  and  held  four 
seminars  on  "Israel  in  the 
Eye  of  the  Enlightenment" 
at  the  Folger  Institute  in 
Washington,  DC.  in  March 
and  April.  In  May  he 
delivered  the  Schweitzer 
Lecture,  on  "Seventeenth- 
Century  Christian 
Perceptions  of  Judaism," 
at  New  York  University. 

Ruth  S.  Morgenthau 
Adlai  E.  Stevenson  Professor 
of  International  Politics, 
engaged  in  field  work 
applying  a  novel  approach  to 
food  security  in  low-income 
areas,  recently  studied  the 
cooperative  movement  in 
the  Cuetzalan  area  of 
Mexico,  and  was  a  keynote 
speaker  at  the  Mexican-Sri 
Lankan  Dialogue  in  Rural 
Development  at 
CEICADAR,  Puebla,  of 
the  Graduate  School  of 
Chapingo,  Mexico.  During 
the  summer  she  also  visited 
villages  in  Mali,  Upper  Volta 
and  Niger,  and  presided  over 
an  executive  committee 
meeting  in  Bamako  of  Food 
Corps  Programs 
International  (CILCA). 
Village-level  rural  food 
production  projects  applying 
CILCA's  principles  of  self- 
help  are  now  operating  in 
Tanzania,  Zimbabwe,  Mali 
and  Sri  Lanka. 

Alfred  Nisonoff 
professor  of  biology  and 
Rosenstiel  Basic  Medical 
Sciences  Research  Center, 
was  an  organizer  of  a  July 
conference  on  "Mononuclear 
Cell  and  Antibody 
Networks"  sponsored  by  the 
Federation  of  American 
Societies  for  Experimental 
Biology  at  the  Vermont 
Academy,  Saxton's  River. 

Benjamin  Ravid 

Jennie  and  Mayer  Weisman 
Associate  Professor  of  Jewish 
History,  recently  presented  a 
paper  on  "Moneylcnding  in 
Seventeenth-Century  Jewish 
Vernacular  Apologetica"  at 
the  International 
Colloquium  on  Jewish 
Thought  in  the  Seventeenth 
Century,  sponsored  by  the 
Harvard  University  Center 
for  Jewish  Studies. 


Arthur  H.  Reis,  Jr. 
lecturer  with  the  rank 
of  associate  professor  of 
chemistry,  and  Irving  R. 
Epstein,  professor  of 
chemistry,  co-directed  a 
ten-week  Undergraduate 
Research  Participation 
Program  this  summer  in  the 
chemistry  department.  Mr. 
Reis  IS  the  co-author  of 
"Characterization  of  the  1 : 1 
Charge-Transfer  Reaction 
between  Decamethyl- 
ferrocene  and  2,3-Dichloro- 
5,6-dicyanoquinone  (DDQ): 
Structure  of  the  DDQH 
Anion,"  an  article  published 
in  the  recent  issue  of  the 
fournal  of  the  American 
Chemical  Society ,  204,4403 
(1982).  Co-authors  were  E. 
Gebert,  J.  S.  Miller,  H. 
Rommelmann,  and  A.J. 
Epstein. 

Alan  Sager 

assistant  professor  of  urban 
and  health  planning  at  the 
Heller  School,  is  the  author 
of  papers  entitled 
"Evaluating  the  Home  Care 
Service  Needs  of  the  Elderly" 
and  "Who  Should  Control 
Long-Term  Care  Services?" 
in  the  Home  Care  Services 
Quarterly.  He  spoke  on  "The 
Closure  of  Hospitals  That 
Serve  the  Poor"  at  Health 
Services  Administration 
and  Health  Resources 
Administration  in  Rockville, 
Maryland. 

Howard  ].  Sthnitzer 

professor  of  physics, 
attended  the  2 1st 
International  Conference 
on  High  Energy  Physics  in 
Pans  during  July.  In  August 
he  was  at  Ecole  Normale 
Superieure  conducting 
research  in  elementary 
particle  theory. 

John  E.  Schrecker 

associate  professor  of  history, 
recently  returned  from  a  year 
at  the  Institute  of  Advanced 
Study  at  Princeton 
University,  where  he 
completed  a  book  on  the 
Chinese  revolution  and 
began  work  on  the 
philosophy  of  history. 


Marshall  Sklare 
Klutznick  Family  Professor 
of  Contemporary  Jewish 
Studies  and  Sociology  and 
director,  Center  for  Modem 
Jewish  Studies,  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Humane  Letters  from 
Hebrew  Union  College- 
Jewish  Institute  of  Religion 
in  Cincinnati.  The  citation 
is  as  follows: 

"Distinguished  sociologist, 
university  professor,  author, 
proud  son  of  the  Jewish 
people,  who  has  devoted  his 
keen  intelligence  to  the 
study  of  the  American 
Jewish  Community  and 
whose  perceptive  and  highly 
regarded  books  illuminate 
experience  in  contemporary 
society,  whose  imaginative 
scholarship  and  teaching  has 
elevated  American  Jewish 
Studies  to  a  respected  place 
among  academic  disciplines, 
whose  service  to  leading 
universities  and 
organizations  at  home  and 
abroad  has  strengthened 
their  work  and  enhanced 
their  standing." 

Susan  Staves 
associate  professor  of 
English,  spoke  on  Alexander 
Pope  at  Harvard  University's 
English  Institute  in  August. 
Her  paper  was  entitled 
"Refinement." 

Louis  S.  Stuhl 
assistant  professor  of 
chemistry,  was  an  invited 
participant  in  two  scientific 
workshops  this  summer: 
The  6th  New  England 
Organometallic  Chemistry 
Workshop  in  Mt.  Kisco,  New 
York,  sponsored  by  Yale 
University,  and  the  NSF 
National  Organometallic 
Chemistry  Workshop  at 
Perm  State  University. 

Bernard  M.  Wasserstein 

professor  of  history  and 
Tauber  Institute  director, 
delivered  a  paper  on  "Allies 
et  Neutres  en  Face  de  la 
Politique  Nazie"  at  a  June 
colloquium  of  the  Ecole 
des  Hautes  Etudes  en 
Science  Sociales  at  the 
Sorbonne  in  Pans.  The 
central  theme  was 
"L'AlIemagne  Nazie  et  les 
Juifs." 


Malcolm  W.  Watson 
assistant  professor  of 
psychology,  recently 
presented  a  paper  on  the 
development  of  family 
role  concepts  in  early 
adolescence  at  the  annual 
meetings  of  the  American 
Psychological  Association 
in  Washington,  DC.  He 
recently  had  two  papers 
published  concerning 
psychological  research  in 
educational  settings  and 
will  have  published 
"Transitions  in  Children's 
Understandings  of  Parental 
Roles"  in  Developmental 
Psychology. 

Stephen  J.  WhitBeld 

associate  professor  of 
American  Studies,  is  the 
author  of  "From  Publick 
Occurrences  to  Pseudo- 
Events:  Journalists  and  Their 
Critics,"  in  the  September 
issue  of  American  Jewish 
History. 

leffrev  Williams 

assistant  professor  of 
economics,  wrote  "Economic 
Role  of  Commodity 
Storage,"  an  article  in  the 
September  issue  of  the 
Economic  [ournal. 

Dwight  W.  Young 
professor  of  ancient  Near 
Eastern  civilization,  is  the 
author  of  an  article  entitled 
"Unpublished  Shenoutiana 
in  the  University  of 
Michigan  Library"  which 
appeared  this  summer  in 
the  volume  Scripta 
Hierosolymitana,  published 
by  The  Hebrew  University 
in  Jerusalem. 

Harry  Zohn 

professor  of  German,  was 
awarded  a  citation  from 
Suffolk  University  in  June 
for  three  years  of  service  as  a 
member  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees.  Professor  Zohn's 
article  on  Stefan  Zweig  will 
appear  in  the  November 
issue  of  the  Bulletm  des  Leo 
Baeck  Instituts  (Jerusalem). 
This  fall  the  Frederick  Ungar 
Publishing  Co.  of  New  York 
will  reissue  his  fin  de  siecle 
Austrian  Reader  Der 
farbenvolle  Untergang.  His 
article  on  Karl  Kraus  will 
appear  in  Twentieth- 
Century  Thinkers,  issued  by 


St.  James  in  London  this 
winter  His  article  on  exile 
writers  in  the  U.S.  appears  in 
the  high  holidays  issue  of 
Das  fuedische  Echo  (Vienna). 

Irving  K.  Zola 
professor  of  sociology, 
recently  was  named 
executive  director  of  the 
Boston  Self  Help  Center.  He 
delivered  lectures  at  the 
Conference  on  the  Sociology 
of  Deafness,  the  Brain  Injury 
Conference,  the  American 
Nursing  Convention  and 
presided  over  the  September 
ASA  Session  on  Disability 
Chronic  Disease  and 
Rehabilitation.  Professor 
Zola  is  the  author  of  the 
following  articles: 
"Disabling  Professions," 
translated  into  Spanish  and 
published  in  Profesions 
Inhabilitantes;  "Why  Marcia 
Is  My  Favorite  Name," 
Summerfest  3  Magazuie-, 
"Social  and  Cultural 
Disincentives  to 
Independent  Living,"  in 
Archives  of  Physical 
Medicine  and 
Rehabilitation; 
"Disincentives  to 
Independent  Living"  and 
"The  Evolution  of  the 
Boston  Self  Help  Center," 
in  Working  Paper  Series  on 
Independent  Living;  and 
"Involving  the  Consumer  in 
the  Rehabilitation  Process: 
Easier  Said  Than  Done,"  in 
Technology  for  Independent 
Living. 


Dreyfus  Grant 
Awarded  to 
Alan  Stolzenberg 

Alan  M.  Stolzenberg, 
assistant  professor  of 
chemistry,  won  a  Dreyfus 
Grant  for  Newly  Appointed 
Yoimg  Faculty  in  Chemistry. 
Professor  Stolzenberg  is  one 
of  only  ten  scholars 
nationwide  to  receive  this 
annual  award  and  the  only 
inorganic  chemist  so 
honored.  The  $25,000  grant 
from  the  Camille  and  Henry 
Dreyfus  Foundation  of  New 
York  City  enables  newly 
appointed  faculty  members 
in  chemistry,  biochemistry 
or  chemical  engineering  to 
begin  research  promptly,  thus 
avoiding  the  lag  time  that 
often  occurs  due  to  a  lack  of 
outside  funding.  The  28- 
year-old  chemist,  who  joined 
the  Brandeis  faculty  this  fall, 
received  his  PhD  m  1980 
from  Stanford  University. 


Appointments  and 
Promotions 


Three  Brandeis  faculty 
members  will  hold  term 
assistant  professorships 
for  the  1982-83  year 
Reuven  Kimelinan   assistant 
professor  of  Near  Eastern  and 
Judaic  Studies,  and  Robert 
Schntider  assistant 
professor  of  history,  will  hold 
the  title  of  Manheimer  Term 
Assistant  Professor  of 
University  Studies.  Their 
appointments  are  made 
possible  through  the  bequest 
of  Stephen  Manheimer  of 
Chicago. 

Martha  Morrison,  assistant 
professor  of  Classical  and 
Oriental  Studies,  has  been 
named  the  Petne  Term 
Assistant  Professor  of 
University  Studies.  Her 
appointment  is  made 
possible  through  a  gift  of 
Milton  Petne  of  New  York. 


Promoted  to  Assistant 
Professor: 

Kathleen  Barry 

has  taught  sociology  of 
the  family,  sociology  of 
education  and  feminist 
theory  since  ioining  the 
Brandeis  faculty  in  1981. 
The  author  of  Female  Sexual 
Slavery.  Professor  Barry  is 
currently  working  on  a 
biography  of  Susan  B. 
Anthony  under  a  Radcliffe 
Research  Scholars  Grant.  She 
received  her  Ph.D.  in 
education  and  sociology  in 
1982  from  the  University  of 
California  at  Berkeley. 

Michael  Coven 

has  acted  as  head  soccer 
coach,  head  lacrosse  coach 
and  instructor  in  physical 
education  since  coming  to 
Brandeis  in  1973.  He  has  also 
assisted  in  the  intramural 
sports  program  and  presently 
serves  as  coordinator  of  all 
athletic  facilities.  Under  his 
direction,  the  Brandeis 
soccer  team  won  its  only 
NCAA  Division  III  National 
Soccer  Championship  in 
1976. 


Ronald  Ferguson 
(effective  September  1981 1 
has  taught  in  the 
Department  of  African  and 
Afro-American  Studies  since 
joining  the  Brandeis  faculty 
in  1978.  In  addition,  he  has 
regularly  taught  an 
undergraduate  statistics 
course  offered  through  the 
Economics  Department. 
Professor  Ferguson  received 
his  Ph.D.  in  economics  from 
the  Massachusetts  Institute 
of  Technology  in  1 98 1. 

Pierre-Yves  |acopin 

jeffective  September  I98I), 
an  anthropologist  who 
received  his  Ph.D.  in  1981 
from  the  University  of 
Neuchatel,  has  taught  at 
Brandeis  since  1977.  His 
doctoral  dissertation  was 
based  on  three  years  spent 
studying  the  myths  and 
language  of  the  Yukuna 
Indians  of  South  America, 
and  a  subsequent  year  spent 
at  Jean  Piaget's  International 
Center  for  Epistemological 
Studies. 

Robert  Lurie 

teaches  intermediate 
microeconomic  theory, 
industrial  organization  and 
a  new  course  on  money  and 
banking.  A  former  junior 
staff  economist  with  the 
Council  of  Economic 
Advisors,  Professor  Lurie 
received  his  Ph.D.  in  1982 
from  Yale  University  where 
his  dissertation  focused  on 
the  effects  of  environmental 
regulation  on  investment 
and  R&D  behavior  in  the 
United  States  copper 
industry. 

Danielle  Marx-Scouras 

joined  the  Department  of 
Romance  and  Comparative 
Literature  in  1980  as  an 
instructor  of  French  and 
Italian.  She  will  coordinate 
intermediate  level  French 
language  courses  and  teach 
advanced  literature  courses 
in  both  French  and  Italian. 
Professor  Marx-Scouras 
received  her  Ph.D.  in  1981 
from  Columbia  University. 


Marver  H.  Bernstein  Elected 
President  of  National 
Foundation  for  Jewish  Culture 

President  Marver  H.  Bernstein 
whose  career  has  spanned 
education,  Jewish  communal 
affairs,  public  administration 
and  business-government 
relations,  has  been  elected 
president  of  the  National 
Foundation  for  Jewish 
Culture. 

"I  am  honored  to  be  chosen 
to  lead  the  Foundation, " 
President  Bernstein  said.  "In 
a  relatively  short  time,  the 
National  Foundation  for 
Jewish  Culture  has  become 
an  invaluable  cultural 
resource  and  an  effective 
advocate  for  Jewish  cultural 
life  in  America." 

Mr.  Bernstein  was  named  to 
succeed  Amos  Comay  of 
Pittsburgh  at  the 
Foundation's  annual  meeting 
in  New  York  City  September  i 

He  will  serve  a  three-year 
term  as  head  of  the  non- 
profit organization,  which  is 
the  national  coordinating 
body  in  the  field  of  Jewish 
culture. 

The  22-year-old  Foundation 
develops  programs  that 
promote  Jewish  scholarship, 
Jewish  cultural  projects,  and 
the  arts. 


Sibley  Fellowship 

Sara  Reva  Horowitz,  a 
doctoral  candidate  in  literary 
studies,  has  been  awarded 
the  1982  Sibley  Fellowship 
which  carries  a  $7,000 
stipend.  Ms.  Horowitz' 
dissertation  will  examine 
a  central  motif  in  post- 
Holocaust  literature: 
muteness  and  its  variations. 
She  plans  to  relate  this  idea 
of  muteness  to  the  absurdist 
movement  m  postwar 
France,  which  reflects 
concerns  similar  to  those 
of  post-Holocaust  fiction. 
The  Sibley  Fellowship  is 
awarded  by  Phi  Beta  Kappa. 


38 


Class  Notes 


'54 

In  May,  after  completing 
assignments  as  the  Voice  of 
America's  correspondent  m 
Municli  and  chief  of  its 
European  branch,  W  illiam 
W.  Marsh  was  named 
director  of  VO.A.'s  news 
division.  While  in  Mumch, 
Bill  covered  news 
developments  in  the  Soviet 
Union,  West  and  East 
Germany  and  Scandinavia. 

David  A.  Swankin,,  partner 
in  the  law  firm  of  Swankin 
and  Turner,  was  named  the 
1982  recipient  of  the 
Margaret  Dana  Award  for 
outstanding  contributions 
to  the  development  of 
voluntary  consumer  product 
standards  by  the 
international  standards- 
writing  organization,  ASTM. 

Albert  Theriaiili   professor  of 
English  at  Quinsigamond 
Community  College  in 
Worcester,  Mass.,  recently 
completed  a  consultancy 
grant  and  co-authored  and 
directed  a  pilot  grant,  both 
for  the  National  Endowment 
for  the  Humanities.  Bert  and 
co-author  Hannah  Laipson 
also  participated  in  a  panel 
discussion  at  the  annual 
convention  of  the  National 
Council  of  Teachers  of 
English. 

In  August  Reid  Watson 
began  a  grand  tour  of  Europe, 
having  temporarily  retired 
from  various  careers,  mostly 
in  the  fields  of  physics  and 
biology.  Much  of  his  free 
time  in  the  past  five  years 
has  been  devoted  to 
MENSA. 


'57 

David  L.  Kline  is  rabbi  of 
Temple  Shalom  in  Colorado 
Springs,  and  teaches  courses 
at  Colorado  College.  David 
is  married  to  Barbara  Furth 
and  has  three  children: 
Avram,  twelve;  Aliza,  ten; 
and  Shira,  six. 

Diana  Kurz's  recent 

paintings  were  exhibited  at 
Alex  Rosenberg  Gallery  in 
New  York  City,  June  3  -  luly 
9. 


'63 

Stephen  Donadio,  former 
professor  of  American 
literature  at  Middlebury 
College,  has  been  appointed 
to  a  two-year  term  as  dean  of 
arts  and  humanities  at  that 
college.  Later  this  year  he 
expects  to  complete  work  on 
a  biography  of  Henry  David 
Thoreau,  a  project  which  has 
been  supported  by  the 
National  Endowment  for  the 
Humanities  and  for  which 
Stephen  was  awarded  a 
Rockefeller  Foundation 
Fellowship. 

Kvra  M.  Kaplan  married  Or 
Eliot  L.  Berson  in  Boston  last 
May.  Kyra  is  an 
administrator  with  the  New 
England  Organ  Bank  of 
Boston. 


'r-,4 

Along  with  two  partners, 
l>a\id  H.  Goldman  has 
established  a  law  firm  under 
the  name  of  Black,  Reimer  &. 
Goldman,  located  in  Des 
Momes,  Iowa. 

Marcia  Wilder  Oster  has 

been  working  as  an 
instructional  assistant  in  the 
English  department  at  Santa 
Monica  College,  Santa 
Monica,  Calif.,  since  March. 

Murray  Suid  is  co-author  of 
The  Cieativity  Catalog, 
lessons  in  comic  book 
format  about  writing, 
drawing,  photography,  stage, 
movies,  and  television.  The 
book,  published  by  Pitman 
Learning,  is  for  cfiildren  ten 
years  old  and  up. 

'65 

iMarilyn  ("Mike")  Shuffman 
Faust  has  completed  her  first 
year  at  Pace  Law  School.  She 
IS  living  with  her  husband 
and  three  children  in 
Larchmont,  N.Y. 

Gary  Posner  is  spending 
a  six-month  sabbatical  as 
visiting  professor  in  the 
department  of  organic 
chemistry  at  the  Weizmann 
Institute,  Israel. 


Now  the  Brandeis 
Traveler  &  Family 
Can  Travel  in 
Affordable  Luxury 

Unitours  launches  the 
1983  travel  calendar 
with  a  12-day 
holiday  tour  of  Israel. 

Unitours  has  arranged  a  magnificent  12- 
day  family  tour  of  Israel.  Depart  New  York 
on  December  23  and  return  on  January  3. 
The  tour  includes  three  nights  in  Tel  Aviv, 
three  in  Haifa,  and  four  in  Jerusalem  for 
as  low  as  $1448  per  person. 

Very  special,  too,  is  the  Unitours  concept 
of  travel  .  .  .  affordable  luxury. 

The  Brandeis  Tl-aveler  and  Unitours  are 

pleased  to  offer  so  many  wonderful  tour 
opportunities  in  1982.  In  Europe:  Spain, 
Italy,  Switzerland,  Great  Britain,  and 
Scandinavia.  And  cruises.  On  the  sunny 
Mediterranean,  down  the  historic  Nile. 

Travel  to  the  Orient:  Japan,  Bangkok, 
Hong  Kong.  And  on  to  the  mysteries  of 
China. 

And,  of  course,  a  whole  array  of  the  tours 
that  have  established  the  Unitours  reputa- 
tion. .  .  .  Israel  and  Egypt. 

All  for  you.  All  in  affordable  luxury. 

To  reserve  your  place  or  for  more 

information, 

call  (617)  647-2307  or  2190  or  fill  out  the 

coupon  below. 


The  Brandeis  Ihaveler 

Brandeis  University. 
Waltham 
Massachusetts  02254 

n  Send  me  more  information  on  the  Holiday  Tour. 
D  Reserve    .. .      places  for  the  Holiday  Tour 

I've  enclosed  S ($200/person|  on  deposit. 

of  these  reservations  are  for  children  under  18  sharing  our  room 

(at  a  savings  of  $269/child|. 

n  Send  me  more  information  on  other  1983  travel  in  affordable  luxury. 

n  Israel  and  Egypt.  D  Europe 

n  The  Orient  (including  China]. 

Name 
.address 

City 

State  Zip 
Phone (  I 


Robert  S.  Zuckcrman  has 
been  promoted  to  associate 
general  counsel,  antitrust 
and  litigation,  for  Sea-Land 
Industries,  Inc.,  Menlo  Park, 
NJ.  He  has  also  been  named 
chairman  of  the  Regulated 
Industries  Committee  of  the 
Amencan  Bar  Association's 
antitrust  section. 


'66 

Victoria  Hilkevitch  Bedford 
is  working  on  her 
dissertation  in  psychology 
from  Rutgers  University.  She 
and  her  husband,  Eric,  and 
daughters  —  Sibyl,  S'/i,  and 
Iris,  1  Vi  —  have  moved  to 
Bloomington,  Ind.  where 
Eric  has  tenure  at  Indiana 
University. 

Last  spring  artist/composer 
Richard  Lcrman  presented 
several  performances  of  his 
work  in  the  Netherlands. 
Works  performed  included 
Travelon  Gamelon  for  25 
amplified  bicycles  with 
riders.  Incident  at  Three 
Mile  Island  —  perhaps  an 
Elegy  for  Karen  Silkwood, 
and  a  piece  which  used  self- 
made  transducers  to  amplify 
the  sound  of  the  wind  and 
water  in  the  canals.  Richard 
also  performed  at  the  De 
Cordova  Museum  in 
Lincoln,  Mass.  last  June, 
with  the  Sound/Image/ 
Events  group. 

Robin  Dee  Post,  a  clinical 
psychologist,  has  been 
promoted  to  associate 
professor  of  psychiatry  at 
University  of  Colorado 
School  of  Medicine.  In 
October  Robin  married 
lames  Tait,  a  Denver-area 
contractor. 


'67 

Susan  Solender  Bailis  has 

been  named  president-elect 
lit  the  Massachusetts 
Chapter  of  the  National 
Association  of  Social 
Workers  (NASW).  An  active 
member  of  NASW  since 
1967,  she  will  take  office  in 
July  1983.  Susan  is  currently 
director  of  Social  Service  and 
Professional  Standards 
Review  at  New  England 
Medical  Center.  She  is  also 
an  assistant  professor  of 
psychiatry  at  Tufts 
University  School  of 
Medicine,  a  clinical 
associate  in  social  work  at 
Simmons  College  and  an 
assistant  clinical  professor  at 
Smith  College.  Susan  has 
published  articles  on  co- 
therapy,  group  therapy  and 
alternatives  to  income 
maintenance,  has  lectured 
widely  on  social  work  in  the 
health  care  setting,  and  has 
participated  in  national 
seminars  on  death  and 
(iving. 

In  April  '^,mv  D.  Lander 
participated  as  a  panelist  in 
the  annual  litigation 
seminar  of  the  National 
Institute  of  Municipal  Law 
Officers  in  Washington, 
DC,  where  he  spoke  on  the 
techniques  of  settlement 
negotiations. 


'68 

Paula  Barai  Fox  and  her 
husband.  Norm,  announce 
the  birth  of  their  first  child, 
Shirajoelle,  Apnl  5,  1982. 


Samuel  Heilman  and  Ellin 
Kaufman  Heilman  '69 
announce  the  birth  of  their 
fourth  son,  Jonah  Aaron. 

In  June  Donald  I  .Mirisch 
was  appointed  vice 
president,  business  affairs, 
for  PolyGram  Pictures, 
where  he  has  been  employed 
since  April  1981. 

'69 

Barbara  Patricia  Gould  was 

married  May  9  to  Ronald 
Louis  Plesser,  an  attorney  in 
Washington,  DC.  Barbara  is 
a  senior  conservator  at  the 
Library  of  Congress. 

'70 

Arthur  Levine  has  been 
appointed  president  of 
Bradford  College,  Bradford, 
Mass.  Arthur  is  the  first 
Brandeis  undergraduate  to 
attain  the  position  of  college 
president.  While  an 
undergraduate  at  Brandeis, 
Arthur  developed  proposals 
for  University  curriculum 
reform  which  later  formed 
the  basis  of  fiis  book  Reform 
of  Undergraduate 
Education,  1973.  Arthur 
received  his  doctoral  degree 
from  the  State  University  of 
New  York-Buffalo  in  1976. 
He  joined  the  Carnegie 
Council  on  Policy  Studies 
in  Higher  Education  at 
Berkeley  during  that  same 
year,  and  in  1980  he  was 
appointed  a  senior  fellow  at 
the  Carnegie  Foundation  in 
Washington,  D.C. 


'71 

David  P.  Bell  has  been 
appointed  assistant  vice 
president,  academic  affairs, 
for  the  University  of 
Houston  System.  He  also 
serves  as  an  adjunct  faculty 
member  at  the  College  of 
Education  on  the  University 
of  Houston  Central  Campus. 

Dr.  Steven  Berk  has  been 
named  teacher  of  the  year 
by  the  class  of  '84  at  East 
Tennessee  State  University 
Quillen-Dishner  College  of 
Medicine,  and  distinguished 
clinical  faculty  member  by 
the  class  of  '82.  Steven  is 
associate  professor,  chief  of 
the  division  of  infectious 


disease  at  the  medical 
school,  and  chief  of 
medicine  at  the  Veterans 
Administration  Medical 
Center  m  Johnson  City, 
Tenn. 

Jackie  Hvman's  first 
published  novel.  Lady  in 
Disguise  (a  historical 
romance),  will  be  released  in 
December  by  Walker  and  Co. 
Jackie  is  a  reporter  for  the 
Associated  Press  in  Los 
Angeles. 

Rachel  Rassen  has  been 
appointed  vice  president  m 
charge  of  instructional 
development  at  Micro 
Courseware  Corp.,  a  San 
Francisco-based  software 
development  company. 

Ellen  Wachtel  Rosanskv, 

an  associate  at  the  National 
Institute  of  Education,  has 
been  selected  to  be  a 
Jerusalem  Fellow.  Using  her 
knowledge  of  linguistics, 
Ellen  plans  to  research  the 
differences  in  the  ways 
adults  and  children  acquire 
Hebrew  as  a  second 
language.  The  Jerusalem 
Fellows  program — whose 
aim  IS  to  develop  leadership 
for  Jewish  education  in  the 
Diaspora — will  use  Ellen's 
findings  to  create  new 
Hebrew  teaching  materials 
for  children  and  adults. 

Carole  Lichtenstein 
Skowronski  and  Jack 
Skowronski  '6''  announce 
the  birth  of  their  son,  Rafi, 
in  March.  He  joins  five-year- 
old  sister,  Tamar,  and  three- 
year-old  brother,  Uri. 

Edward  VVitten,  physics 
professor  specializing  in 
elementary  particle  theory 
at  Princeton  University 
recently  received  a  grant 
from  the  John  D.  and 
Catherine  T.  MacArthur 
Foundation  in  the  amount  of 
531,200  annually  for  the 
next  five  years.  MacArthur 
Prize  Fellowships  are 
awarded  to  individuals  who 
show  "exceptional  talent, 
originality  self-direction, 
and  promise  for  the  future." 
The  recipients  are  under  no 
obligation  to  produce  a 
product  or  publication,  nor 
arc  they  expected  to 


40 


Alumni  .  .  . 

we  want  your  input. 


complete  any  research 
projects.  The  purpose  of  the 
Mac  Arthur  grant  program  is 
simply  to  relieve  scholars  of 
economic  pressures  by 
providing  them  with  a 
steady  income.  Edward  is 
one  of  only  60  individuals 
to  be  honored  by  the 
MacArthur  Foundation  since 
the  grant  program  began. 

Amv  Tacobson  Yoffie.  a 

research  manager  at  Maritz 
Market  Research,  Inc.  has 
received  her  MBA  from  the 
University  of  Missouri-St. 
Louis.  She  and  her  husband, 
Eric  H.  Yoffie  '69,  and 
daughter  Adina,  V/i,  live  in 
University  City,  Mo. 

72 

Theodore  S.  Gup,  married 
Peggy  Ann  Watts,  Jime  6, 
1982. 

After  seven  years  of  teaching 
in  the  Brookline,  Mass. 
public  schools,  Robert  A. 
Lcvii!  has  begun  a  twelve- 
month program  at  Carnegie- 
Mellon  University  toward  a 
Doctor  of  Arts  degree  in 
history,  with  an  emphasis 
on  curriculum  development. 
Robert  hopes  to  obtain  a 
leadership  position  in 
curriculum  or  a  school 
pnncipalship  upon 
completion. 

Dr.  Karen  Giguere  Louie  has 
completed  her  training  in 
internal  medicine  and  begun 
an  oncology  fellowship  at 
the  National  Institute  of 
Cancer. 

Susan  P.  MacEachron  has 

been  named  general  tax 
counsel  for  Exxon  Chemical 
Americas'  tax  department  in 
Houston. 

Warren  Soiffer  is  a  foreign 
service  officer  with  the 
International 
Communication  Agency 
in  Lahore,  Pakistan. 

On  May  24  lason  Worth  was 
admitted  to  the  New  York 
State  Bar  Association. 


'73 

Allen  E.  Keme  has  accepted 
the  position  of  senior 
internal  consultant  at  the 
corporate  headquarters  of 
Southern  Pacific 
Communications  in 
Burlingame,  Calif.  Southern 
Pacific's  major  product  line 
is  "Sprint"  long  distance 
telephone  service. 

Robert  Alan  Mark  and  lill 
Gordon  Mark  '75  annoimce 
a  new  addition  to  the 
family — Alexandra  Lauren, 
bom  lune  25,  1982.  Bob,  Jill, 
(amie  and  Alexandra  have 
moved  to  a  new  home  in 
Miami. 

Dr.  Jules  Rosen  married 
Anne  Heyliger  Jacobson  May 
30  at  The  Carriage  House, 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  Jules  is 
completing  his  residency  in 
psychiatry  at  the  Umversity 
of  Michigan,  and  will  be  on 
the  staff  of  the  department  of 
psychiatry  and  a  clinical 
instructor  at  the  Veterans 
Administration  Hospital  in 
Ann  Arbor. 

Judith  Wildman  received  her 
J.D.  degree,  cum  laude,  from 
Benjamin  N.  Cardozo  School 
of  Law  in  June  1981  and  is 
now  an  associate  with 
Graubard  Moskovitz 
McGoldrick  Dannett  & 
Horowitz  in  New  York  City. 
She  IS  married  to  Dr 
Kenneth  S.  Bannerman. 


And  we  invite  you  to  submit  articles,  photos  or 
nev^s  of  interest  to  the  Alumni  Office  for  review. 
Notes  and  articles  received  up  to  April  1  will  be 
considered  for  the  summer  issue. 


Newsnote: 


News: 


Name 


74 

Having  finished  his 
residency  in  internal 
medicine  at  New  England 
Medical  Center,  Hr.  Steven 
B.  Gerber  is  serving  a 
fellowship  in  cardiology  at 
Cedars-Sinai  Medical 
Center,  Los  Angeles. 

Barbara  Seeal  Goldberg  and 
her  husband,  Jerry,  announce 
the  birth  of  their  son, 
Matthew  Saul,  April  30  in 
Tucson. 

Michael  S.  Smiley  received 
an  LL.M.  from  New  York 
University  School  of  Law, 
and  has  been  appointed 
assistant  counsel  in  the  law 
departmenf  ^.t  The  Travelers 
Insurance  Companies  in 
Hartford,  Conn. 


Brandeis  Degree  &.  Class  Year 
Address 


Please  check  here  if  address  is  different  from  mailing  label. 


Please  return  to 

Alumni  Office,  Brandeis 

Umversity, 

Waltham,  Massachusetts 

02254. 


Please  return  this  form  to  the 
Alumni  Office  with  items  for 
"Class  Notes." 


Large  classes  and  mobile  alumni 
make  it  increasingly  difficult  to 
keep  in  touch.  We  depend  on 
you  to  send  us  material  on 
degrees,  honors,  occupations, 
general  activities,  marriages, 
births,  deaths  and  changes  of 
address. 


Ann  Bergmann  Wilken 

announces  the  birth  of  her 
son,  Joshua,  January  23, 
1982. 

Catherine  C.  Wright  received 
her  J.D.  from  New  England 
School  of  Law  in  June.  She  is 
employed  as  accounts 
payable  coordinator  for  New 
England  Deaconess  Hospital. 


75 

David  C.  Bloomfield  is  a 

J.D./MPA  candidate  at 
Princeton  University's 
Woodrow  Wilson  School, 
studying  child  welfare  and 
education.  Next  year  he 
will  return  to  Columbia 
University  Law  School. 

kcith  \.  Drzal  has  been 
appointed  assistant  actuary 
in  the  group  department  at 
The  Travelers  Insurance 
Companies  of  Hartford, 
Conn.,  where  he  has  been 
employed  since  1977. 

After  being  ordained  a  rabbi 
by  Hebrew  Union  College- 
Jewish  Institute  of  Religion 
in  May,  Debra  L.  Jacobson 
has  been  serving  as  associate 
director  of  Hillel  at 
Washington  University,  St. 
Louis. 

Steven  Kaplan  lives  in 
Jerusalem  and  teaches 
African  history  and 
comparative  religion  at  the 
Hebrew  University.  Steven 
and  his  wife,  Ruthie 
Horowitz  of  Rehovot,  are 
expecting  their  first  child 
in  November 

Last  spring  Michael  Leshin 
graduated  from  a  joint  degree 
program,  with  a  J.D.  from 
Boston  University  School  of 
Law  and  an  MCRP  from 
Harvard  University's 
Kennedy  School  of 
Government.  Michael  is 
lecturing  in  the  Legal 
Studies  program  at  Brandeis 
under  a  Joshua  Guberman 
Fellowship  during  the  fall 
1982  term.  He  is  also 
workmg  as  a  law  clerk  for 
the  Superior  Court  of 
Massachusetts. 

Ellen  Aschkinasi  Mark  and 
Jonathan  Mark  '72  armounce 
the  birth  of  a  son,  Joshua 
Louis,  June  7,  1982. 


Peretz  Rodman  has  been 
named  to  the  first  group  of 
Jerusalem  Fellows  by  the 
World  Zionist  Organization. 
He  and  his  wife,  Miriam 
Laufer  '"'9,  will  be  living  in 
Jerusalem  for  the  next  three 
years  while  Peretz  studies 
Hebrew  and  applied 
linguistics.  They  are 
expecting  their  first  child 
in  November. 

In  July  Ruth  Sack  assumed 
responsibilities  as  associate 
director  of  admissions  at  The 
Art  Institute  of  Boston. 

Jonathan  D.  Sama  has  been 
awarded  an  American 
Council  of  Learned  Societies 
Fellowship  for  Studies  in 
Modem  Society  and  Values. 
Jonathan  is  assistant 
professor  of  American  Jewish 
history  at  Hebrew  Union 
College-Jewish  Institute  of 
Religion,  Cincinnati,  as  well 
as  academic  advisor  to  the 
Center  for  the  Study  of  the 
American  Jewish 
Expenence.  His  most  recent 
book  is  entitled  People  Walk 
on  Their  Heads:  Moses 
Weinberger's  lews  and 
Judaism  in  New  York 
(Holmes  &  Meier|. 

Philip  Sirkin,  executive 
editor  for  WHDH  Radio  in 
Boston,  won  honorable 
mention  in  the  radio,  top  50 
markets  category  of  the 
Champion  Media  Awards  for 
Economic  Understanding. 
His  entry  was  entitled 
"Boston  .  . .  What's  Gone 
Wrong?" 


76 

Davis  Baird  graduated  with 
a  Ph.D.  in  philosophy  from 
Stanford  University  last 
June.  After  spending  a  year 
as  visiting  assistant  professor 
at  the  University  of  Arizona, 
he  took  a  tenure  track 
position  as  assistant 
professor  at  the  University  of 
South  Carolina. 

After  leaving  his  law 
practice  in  Boston  and 
completing  a  one-year 
instructorship  at  the 
University  of  Miami  Law 
School,  Arthur  Chaykin 
became  assistant  professor  of 
law  at  Northern  Illinois 
University  College  of  Law. 


Margie  Merlin  Holzer  and 

her  husband,  Aaron, 
announce  the  birth  of  a  son, 
Jesse  Merlin  Holzer,  March 
31,  1982.  Jesse  joins  his 
sister,  Morgan  Samantha. 

Lewis  Kachur  delivered  a 
paper  on  Stuart  Davis  at  the 
fifth  annual  Whitney 
Museum  symposium  April 
12.  Lewis'  catalogue  essay 
on  French  futurist  Felix  Del 
Marie  was  published  in 
conjunction  with  an 
exhibition  at  the  Carus 
Gallery  in  New  York,  April- 
June. 

Joel  Levinc  and  Ellen 
Shapiro  were  married  June 
20  in  Kensington,  Md.  Joel 
teaches  piano  in  the  Boston 
area,  and  Ellen  is  studying 
violin  at  the  New  England 
Conservatory. 

Dan  Littman  is  an  economic 
analyst  for  the  Federal 
Reserve  Bank  of  Cleveland. 
Dan  and  his  wife,  Heidi 
Libner  Littman  '79,  have  one 
child,  Rebecca,  bom  m 
Febmary  1980. 

Jonathan  A.  Miller  was 
ordained  a  rabbi  by  Hebrew 
Union  College-Jewish 
Institute  of  Religion  in  May, 
and  began  serving  in  his  new 
position  as  associate  rabbi 
at  the  Stephen  Wise  Free 
Synagogue,  Los  Angeles,  last 
summer 

Thomas  L.  Schmidt  was 

recently  awarded  a  DVM 
degree  from  Purdue 
University  School  of 
Vetennary  Medicine.  He 
is  now  in  practice  as  an 
associate  of  Drs.  Irving 
Zimmerman  and  Richard 
Vaigoshe  m  New  York  City. 

Dennis  Slavin  received  his 
MFA  degree  in  musicology 
from  Princeton  University  in 
1981.  He  was  appointed 
instructor  in  music  at 
Dickinson  College  for  the 
1982-83  academic  year 


77 

Kenneth  Brickman  was 

ordained  a  rabbi  by  the 
Hebrew  Union  College- 
Jewish  Institute  of  Religion 
in  New  York  City  May  30. 
Ken  will  serve  as  associate 
rabbi/educator  at  the 
Larchmont  Temple  in 
Larchmont,  N.Y.  His  wife, 
Gwen  Marcus  '78,  is  an 
entertainment  lawyer  with 
the  New  York  law  firm  of 
Paul,  Weiss,  Rifkind, 
Wharton  &.  Garrison. 

David  Cornell,  1980 
graduate  of  Hofstra  School 
of  Law,  announces  his 
engagement  to  Miss  Kathryn 
S.  Sank,  a  registered  stock 
broker  employed  by 
Shearson/American  Express. 
David,  who  has  worked 
professionally  for  the  Screen 
Actors  Guild  and  as  an 
executive  for  United  Artists, 
is  now  planning  a  transition 
to  law  firm  practice. 

Rena  Gray  Fein  and  Robert 
Fein  announce  the  birth  of 
their  daughter,  Elana  Michal, 
April  4,  1982.  Robbie  is  a 
lawyer  m  Boston  and  Rena  is 
on  leave  from  her  teaching 
position  at  Solomon 
Schechter  Day  School  to 
be  with  Elana. 

Karen  Helfand  received  her 
MBA  from  the  University  of 
Chicago  in  June,  and  is  now 
a  consultant  with  the  health 
care  group  at  Alexander 
Grant  &  Co. 

In  June  Dr.  Jerrold  Laskin 

graduated  from  The 
Hahnemann  Medical 
College  of  Philadelphia  with 
academic  distinctions  in 
surgery.  Jerry  will  complete  a 
surgical  residency  at 
Fitzsimmons  Army  Medical 
Center,  Aurora,  Colo. 

Dr.  David  S.  Weiss  received 
his  M.D.  from  Yale 
University  in  May  1981  and 
completed  a  year  of  surgical 
internship  at  Yale-New 
Haven  Hospital.  David  is 
now  a  resident  in  orthopedic 
surgery  at  New  York 
University  Medical  Center. 


42 


Mark  Wiklund  married 
Maureen  McGinley  April  17, 
1982.  Jonathan  Glasser  '79 

served  as  an  usher.  Mark  and 
Maureen  both  work  at  PWS 
Publishers  in  Boston,  and  are 
the  proud  parents  of  two 
Siamese  kittens.  Josh  and 
Tucker. 

Patricia  Zadok,  who  is 

presently  deputy  manager  of 
the  creative  department  of 
Ogilvy  &  Mather,  N.Y.,  will 
soon  begin  an  apprenticeship 
at  that  company  to  become  a 
television  producer 

Deborah  Zecher  has  been 
appointed  assistant  rabbi- 
director  of  education  at 
Westchester  Reform  Temple 
in  Scarsdale,  N.Y.  In  May 
Deborah  was  ordained  a 
rabbi  by  Hebrew  Union 
College-Jewish  Institute  of 
Religion  in  New  York. 

78 

After  graduating  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania 
School  of  Medicine  in  May, 
Dr.  Susan  Ann  Friedman  has 
begun  her  internship  at  the 
Children's  Hospital  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania. 
On  lune  6  she  married  Dr. 
Fred  Weinblatt,  a  neurologist 
in  private  practice. 

Since  making  aliyah  to 
Jerusalem  in  November, 
David  Goldman  has  been 
studying  Bible,  Talmud, 
Jewish  law  and  philosophy 
at  a  yeshiva,  "Ohr 
Somayach."  David  reports 
that  he  is  not  alone — Ron 
Levitt  "'"'  is  also  studying  at 
Ohr  Somayach — and  that  he 
enjoys  living  in  Israel. 

Judy  Groner  has  been 
appointed  educational 
director  of  Temple  Beth 
Hillel  in  Wynnewood,  Pa., 
after  three  years  as  a  tedcher 
at  Solomon  Schechter  Day 
Schools  in  New  York  and 
Philadelphia. 

Laura  Bailen  Kaufman 

graduated  from  Tufts  Dental 
School  in  June.  Her  husband, 
Howard  A.  Kaufman  '76, 
graduated  from  Boston 
University  Law  School  last 
year  and  is  now  associated 
with  the  law  firm  of 
Wasserman  &  Salter  m 
Boston. 


Robert  A.  Koenigsberg 

received  a  Doctor  of 
Osteopathy  degree  from 
Philadelphia  College  of 
Osteopathic  Medicine  in 
June. 

After  spending  three  years 
on  the  west  coast  night  club 
circuit  with  Rod  Dibble, 
Maryann  Leshin  has  changed 
her  tune.  She  has  moved  to 
Oakland,  Calif.,  and  is  now 
working  her  way  up  through 
the  mail  room  of  Woodward 
&  Clyde,  a  plannmg 
consultant  firm  in  San 
Francisco. 

Don  Loeb  has  graduated 
from  University  of  Michigan 
Law  School  and  is  clerking 
for  Justice  Charles  Levin 
(Michigan  Supreme  Court) 
and  working  towards  an 
M.A.  in  philosophy  at  the 
University  of  Michigan. 
Barbara  Rachelson  is 
executive  director  of  the 
Michigan  Network  of 
Runaway  and  Youth  Services 
in  Lansing,  Mich. 

Dr.  Paul  Resnick  is  serving  a 
residency  in  medicine  at  the 
University  of  Califomia- 
Irvine  V.A.  Medical  Center 
in  Long  Beach.  Paul  received 
his  Doctor  of  Medicine 
degree  from  the  Medical 
College  of  Wisconsin- 
Milwaukee  in  May. 

Roberta  Weiss  married 
Jeffrey  Daskin  m  June.  The 
couple  is  living  in  Silver 
Spring,  Md. 

Dr.  Gil  Wernovsky  received 
his  M.D.  from  Hershey 
Medical  School  in  May,  and 
is  now  serving  a  residency  in 
pediatrics  at  The  New  York 
Hospital. 


79 

Andrea  Cooper  was 
awarded  a  fellowship  to 
Northwestern  University's 
Graduate  School  of  Radio, 
TV  and  Film,  where  she  is 
working  towards  her 
master's  degree. 

After  receiving  her  J.D.  from 
Boston  Umversity  School  of 
Law,  Nancy  GottlieJi  began  a 
one-year  clerkship  with  the 
Maryland  Court  of  Appeals 
in  August.  Nancy's  note 
entitled  "Vitek  v.  Jones: 


Transfer  of  Prisoners  to 
Mental  Institutions"  was 
published  in  the  summer 
1982  edition  of  the 
American  lournal  of  Law 
Sk  Medicine  (vol.8:2). 

Steven  Greenfield  graduated 
from  Harvard  Business 
School  in  June,  and  has 
accepted  a  position  as 
assistant  to  the  president  of 
Jiffy  Lube  International,  a 
franchiser  of  specialty  auto 
care  centers,  in  Baltimore. 

Norman  Edgar  McFarlane,  Jr. 

graduated  from  Vermont  Law 
School  in  May,  and  is  now  an 
associate  with  the  law  firm 
of  Toaz,  Buck,  Myers  in 
Huntington,  Long  Island. 

Debra  Rittneris  working 
at  the  University  of 
Massachusetts-Boston, 
where  she  trains  academic 
users  on  working  with  the 
computer  and  its  program 
packages.  Debbie  graduated 
from  Boston  University's 
public  management  MBA 
program  in  May. 

Robert  Schuckit  received  his 
J.D.  from  the  University  of 
Wisconsin  Law  School  in 
June,  and  is  now  an  associate 
with  Keck,  Mahin  and  Cate 
in  Chicago. 

Renee  Schwartz  is  a  fourth- 
year  medical  student  at  New 
York  Medical  College  in 
Valhalla.  She  is  engaged  to 
Dr  Robert  D.  Kaye. 


'80 

In  Jime  Ruth  Assaf  mamed 
Stephane  Nataf  of  Paris, 
France.  Ruth  received  her 
MSJ  from  Northwestern 
University  in  June  1981,  and 
Stephane  received  his  MBA 
from  Northwestern  in  June 
1982. 

Francis  J.  Donoghue  is 

studying  for  liis  doctorate  in 
English  literature  at  Johns 
Hopkins  University. 

Cynthia  D.  Fisher  is  working 
as  an  assistant  to  New  York 
City  Council  president  Carol 
Bellamy  while  attending 
New  York  Law  School. 
Cynthia's  work  includes 
public  policy  analysis  and 


legal  research.  She  is  also  a 
speech  writer  and  an  issue 
director  for  Robert 
Zimmerman  '"^6,  who  is 
a  1982  Congressional 
candidate  from  Long  Island. 

Nancy  Fixler  announces 
her  engagement  to  Paul  L. 
Abrams.  Nancy  is  enrolled 
in  the  Master  of  Social  Work 
program  at  Simmons 
College,  and  her  fiance  is 
vice  president  of  sales  at  Star 
Printing  Co.  in  Brockton, 
Mass.  A  May  1983  wedding 
is  planned. 

William  Gorin  received 

his  master's  degree  from 
Stanford  University 
Graduate  School  of  Business 
and  is  now  associated  with 
the  corporate  finance 
department  of  E.E  Hutton  & 
Company,  New  York  City. 

On  June  26  Donald  R.  Hogue 
married  Paula  J.  Lafond,  a 
graduate  of  Rhode  Island 
College  and  teacher  at 
Mount  Saint  Charles 
Academy  in  Woonsocket, 
R.I.  Donald  is  also  employed 
by  Mount  Saint  Charles  as  a 
teacher  of  journalism, 
theatre  and  English  on  the 
secondary  level. 

Scott  Israel  received  his  M.S. 
in  electrical  engineering, 
with  a  concentration  in 
optics,  from  Northeastern 
Umversity  in  June. 

Lauren  Beth  Levy  married 
Irwin  Barry  Miller  August 
29,  1982.  Lauren  is  a  third- 
year  law  student  at  the 
University  of  Miami  and 
Irwin  IS  the  purchasing  agent 
for  the  Miami  branch  of 
Consolidated  Electrical 
Distributors. 

No  Frets  Barred  (FF  267),  an 
album  of  bluegrass  and  other 
acoustic  music  produced  and 
arranged  by  Orrin  Star,  was 
recently  released  on  Flying 
Fish  Records.  The  record 
features  Orrin  on  guitar, 
banjo,  mandolin  and  voice. 
In  May,  he  and  his 
"supporting  cast"  completed 
a  22-date  European  tour  with 
appearances  in  Belgium, 
France,  Germany  and 
Switzerland. 


Graduates 


Deaths 


'82 

Peter  Allen's  "Paintings  of 
Elderly  at  the  Piety  Comer 
Nursing  Home"  was 
displayed  at  the  gallery  of 
the  Nucleo  Eclettico  Theater 
in  Boston,  June  29-July  31. 

Melissa  Spi\ak  has  been 
appointed  account  assistant 
in  the  public  relations 
department  of  Schneider 
Parker  Jakuc,  Inc.  in  Boston. 
In  her  new  position,  Melissa 
is  responsible  for 
coordinating  internal  public 
relations  activities  and  client 
contacts. 


Where  there's  a  Will, 

there's  a  way 

to  remember  Brandeis 

In  your  Will,  your  care  and  concern  for 
the  future  of  Brarideis  University  can 
be  translated  into  financial  support  in 
the  form  of  a  bequest. 

Bequests  come  in  all  shapes  and  sizes 
including  monetary  gifts,  securities, 
property  and  works  of  art.  Whether 
your  gift  is  large  or  small,  it  will  help 
to  ensure  the  academic  excellence  of 
Brandeis  for  generations  to  come. 

For  more  information  without 
obligation,  be  sure  to  send  for  our  new 
brochure,  "Share  in  the  Future 
Through  Your  Will."  Just  write  or  call 
Joseph  E.  Coiield,  Director  of  Planned 
Giving,  Brandeis  University, 
Waltham,  Massachusetts  02254,  617- 
647-2359. 


'64 

Andrew  Billingsley  (Ph.D., 
Heller),  president  of  Morgan 
State  University  (Baltimore), 
received  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Letters,  honoris  causa. 
from  Mercy  College  m 
Dobbs  Ferry,  N.Y.,  May  30. 


'66 

Yehuda  Yannav  (MFA,  Music 
Composition)  is  associate 
professor  of  music  theory 
and  composition  and 
conductor  of  the 
contemporary  music 
ensemble  at  the  University 
of  Wisconsin-Milwaukee.  He 
received  a  Fulbnght  Award 
for  1982-83,  and  is  spending 
the  year  as  guest  composer 
at  the  Staatliche  Hochschule 
fiir  Musik  in  Stuttgart. 


'69 

Former  Boston  University 
professor  Ruth  Miller  Jacobs 

(M.A.,  Sociology  '66;  Ph.D., 
Sociology)  has  been 
appointed  professor  and 
chair  of  the  Sociology 
Department  at  Clark 
University,  Worcester,  Mass. 

David  I.  Owen  (M.A., 
Mediterranean  Studies  '66; 
Ph.D.,  Mediterranean 
Studies)  was  promoted  to 
full  professor  of  ancient  Near 
Eastern  history  and 
archaeology  at  Cornell 
University,  where  he  has 
been  teaching  since  1974.  He 
has  published  three  books 
this  year:  Neoswnenan 
Archival  Texts  primarily 
from  Nippur  and  Studies  on 
the  Civihzation  and  Culture 
of  Nuzi  and  the  Humans  in 
honor  of  Ernest  R.  Lacheman 
(with  M.A.  Morrison),  both 
published  by  Eisenbrauns; 
and  Selected  Ur  III  Texts 
from  the  Harvard  Semitic 
Museum,  published  by 
Unione  Accademica 
Nazionale,  Rome. 

'71 

Victor  P.  Hamilton  (M.A., 
Mediterranean  Studies  '69; 
Ph.D.,  Mediterranean 
Studies)  has  written  an 
introductory  guide  to  the 
first  five  books  of  the  Old 
Testament — Handbook  on 
the  Pentateuch — published 
by  Baker  Book  House,  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich. 


'76 

Bartholemew  P.  Schiavo 

(Ph.D.,  American 
Civilization)  was  appointed 
dean  of  the  college  at  Roger 
Williams  College,  Bristol, 
R.I.  in  July.  Bartholemew  has 
been  at  Roger  Williams  for 
nearly  13  years,  as  acting 
dean  of  the  college  since 
February,  and  earlier  as 
assistant  to  the  dean  of  the 
college,  registrar,  and  a 
member  of  the  faculty. 

'77 

Karen  Elise  Fields  (M.A., 
Sociology  '73;  Ph.D., 
Sociology)  has  been 
appointed  a  fellow  at  the 
Mary  Ingraham  Bunting 
Institute  of  Radcliffe 
College.  The  fellowship  will 
enable  Karen  to  pursue  her 
project,  entitled  "I  Had  a 
Dream:  The  Sacred  and 
Profane  in  Charismatic 
Religion,"  in  a 
multidisciplmary 
community  of  women. 

Viigil  Thomson's  musical 
portrait  of  Boston-area 
composer  |.  Rodney  Lister 
(M.A.,  Music)  premiered  at  a 
concert  by  Dinosaur  Annex 
Music  Ensemble  March 
14  at  First  and  Second 
Church,  Boston.  Rodney, 
who  IS  on  the  faculty  of 
Emerson  College,  has  been 
composer,  pianist  and  music 
coordinator  of  Dinosaur 
Annex  since  the  group's 
inception  in  1976. 


'79 

Joseph  S.  Topek  (M.A., 
Jewish  Communal  Service), 
former  director  of  B'nai 
B'rith  Hillel  Foundation  at 
Virginia  Commonwealth 
University,  is  now  director  of 
that  organization  at  State 
University  of  New  York- 
Stony  Brook. 


'63  44 

Ellen  Ann  Lewis  died 
January  9,  1982  after  a  long 
illness.  In  1966  Ellen 
received  an  A.M.  degree  in 
Spanish  literature  and 
language  from  Brown 
University.  She  remained 
active  in  her  field,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  American 
Association  of  Teachers  of 
Spanish  and  Portuguese. 
Ellen  is  survived  by  her 
parents,  Mr  and  Mrs.  Noah 
Lewis,  by  a  brother,  a  sister, 
two  nephews  and  two 
nieces. 

'72 

Ann  Lorenz  Van  Zanten 

died  August  9,  1982. 

'76 

Nancy  Kamerow  died 

August  5,  1982. 


Deaths 
Graduates 

'63 

Di.  Benjamin  Lee  Gordon,  II, 

'G(M.A.,  Biology)  died  Apnl 
19,  1982.  Besides  his  degree 
from  Brandeis,  Benjamin 
earned  an  A.B.  in  biology 
from  Rutgers  University;  a 
Ph.D.  m  bacteriology  from 
the  University  of  California- 
Berkeley;  and  an  M.D.  from 
the  University  of  British 
Columbia  m  I97I.  He  held 
many  academic  and 
professional  positions  in  the 
field  of  medicine/ 
bactenology.  His  most  recent 
position  was  as  a  consultant 
m  immunology  and 
immunhaematology  at 
Tnpler  Army  Medical 
Center,  U.S.  Army  in  the 
Pacific,  Honolulu,  Hawaii. 
Ben  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
R.A.  Tnsnowati  Gordon;  two 
sons,  Cyrus  Hertzl  Gordon, 
n,  and  Maurice  Bear  Gordon, 
II;  and  a  daughter, 
Sorayawati  Gordon. 


Brandeis  University's 

New  Pooled  Life  Income  Fund 


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'Making  a  gift  to  the 
Fooled  Life  Income  Fund 
has  many  financial  benefits 
hut,  equally  important, 
it  is  a  creative  way  to  fulfill 
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Brandeis  Univerat\^  Press 


"The  exploration  of  truth  to  its  innermost  parts" 


Alexander  Altmaiin 


1981 


1976 


Essays  in 

Jewish  Intellectual 

History 


One  of  the  world's  outstanding  Jewish 
scholars  offers  here  a  selection  thai 
demonstrates  the  range  of  his  thought, 
stretching  across  the  entire  spectmni  of 
Jewish  creativity  from  the  Hellenistic  to  the 
modem  period.  The  essavs  were  chosen 
with  the  intent  of  providing  a  glimpse  at  the 
variety  of  \\ays  in  which  Jews  responded  to 
the  penasive  influence  of  the  cultures  to 
which  they  have  been  exposed  over  the  last 
two  millennia  of  their  history.  Significant  in 
the  selection  is  the  openness  with  which  the 
Jewish  mind  encountered  each  period  and 
assimilated  what  was  suitable,  thus 
articulating  new  modes  of  human  thought. 
Each  of  the  fourteen  pieces  has  been  re\ised 
arirl  updated  since  its  original  appearance. 
.\le.\ander  .\ltniann  s  works  have  been 
characterized  as  ""seminal  contributions  to 
all  areas  of  Jewish  thought'   and  ""unifomilv 
significant  and  e.xciling     bv  his  colleagues, 
w  ho  v\  ill  join  others  in  welcoming  this  new 
collection  of  important  work. 

$20.00 


Kssays  in  Jewish  intellectual  History 
.Alexander  Altmann 


The  .Vlind  of  the  Founder 

Sources  of  the 
Political  Thought  of 
James  .Madison. 
Revised  edition 
Marvin  .Meyers,  ed 

1980 


The  Americanization  of  the  Synagogue 

1820-1870 

Leon  .\.  Jick 


Energy  and  the  Environment 

A  Stmciural  .\nalvsis 
Anne  P.  Carter,  ed 


1974 


Kabbalah  anil  .\n 
Leo  Bronstein 

The  .Model  Country 

Jose  Batlle  y  Ordonez  of  I'niguav. 

1907-1915 

.Milton  I.  N'anger 

1979 

Images  and  Ideas  in  .American  Culture 

The  Functions  of  Criticism 
Essavs  in  Memory  of  Philip  Rah\ 
Arthur  Edelstein,  ed. 

1977 

The  .Modernization  of  French  Jewry 
Consistory  and  Community  in  tJie 
Nineteenth  Centur\ 
Phyllis  Cohen  Albert 


A  Community  in  Conflict 
Frankfurt  Society  in  the 
Seventeenth  and 
Early  Eighteenth  Centuries 
Gerald  Lyman  Soliday 

A  Testament  of  .VIchemy 
Being  the  Re\elauons  of 
Morienus  to  Khalid  ibn 
Vazid  iliii  \Iu  awivva 
Lee  Stavenhagen,  ed.  and  tr. 

Providing  Adequate  Retirement  Inconu' 

Pension  Reform  in  the  L  nited  States  and 

Abroad 

James  Schuiz,  et  al. 


University  Press  of  New  England 


Hanover  and  London 


Brandeis  University  is  part  of 
Lni\ersitv  Press  of  New  England,  whose 
other  member  institutions  are 


Brown  L'niversity.  Clark  I  iiiversity. 

Dartmouth  College. 

L  Iiiversity  of  New  Hampshire.  University  of 

Rhode  Island.  Tufts  University,  and 

L  niversilN  of  \  erinonl. 


Brandeis  Review 

Brandeis  University 

Waltham,  Massachusetts  02254 


Nonprofit  Organization 

U.S.  Postage 

Paid 

Permit  Number  15731 

Boston,  Massachusetts 


Address  correction  requested 


Brandeis  Review 


Reaching 

the 

Hungry 


Solving  the 
World 
Hunger 
Problem  on 
the  Local 
Level 


CUched 

Responses 

Mock 

Jew^ish 

Moral 

Tradition 


Why  Are 

American 

Jews  Often 

Afraid  to 

Challenge 

Israeli 

Policy? 


In  Search 
of 
Quarks.  . 


Spring  1983 


Volume  3 


Number  2 


Brandeis 
Physicists 
Join  Inter- 
national 
Experiment 


Evangelical   Brandeis 
Politics         Delegation 
Visits  China 


Drastic 
Treatment 
Needed  in 
Urban 
Health  Care 


Letters  to  the 
Editor 


Dear  folks, 

I  just  got  the  Fall  '82  issue 
of  Brandeis  Review.  The 
magazine  is  good,  and 
getting  better. 

I  now  look  at  it  with  a 
somewhat  different  eye. 
Since  July  '82  I  have  been 
the  dean  of  Columbia 
College.  My  wife.  Amy  '64, 
and  I  have  been  living  in 
Manhattan  since  1978  when 
I  became  a  professor  of 
biological  sciences  here.  Our 
daughter  Marya  is  now  a 
senior  in  high  school,  and 
the  process  of  applying  and 
waiting  for  admission  to 
college  is  preoccupying  her 
and  us  as  well. 

Even  though  we  are  now  in 
competition,  I  look  forward 
to  your  thriving  in  the 
future.  Keep  up  the  good 
work. 

Robert  E.  Pollack 

Dean 

Ph.D.,  Biology  '66 

New  York,  N.Y. 


Dear  Editor: 

1  simply  want  to  thank  you 
for  a  fine  Fall  1982  Brandeis 
Review.  In  particular,  I 
would  like  to  express  my 
appreciation  for  articles  like 
Kriss  Fialpem's  which  keep 
alumni  like  myself  in  touch 
with  the  sensibilities, 
activities,  and  aspirations  of 
an  ever-changing 
undergraduate  community. 
Please  pass  this  letter  on  to 
Kriss  as  an  expression  of  my 
appreciation. 

Best  wishes. 

Bob  Bersson  '68 
Assistant  Professor  of  Art 
James  Madison  University 
Harrisburg,  Virginia 


Dear  Editor: 

I  want  to  congratulate 
Professor  John  Bush  Jones  for 
writing  a  brilliant  article, 
"Musicals  of  the  'Me 
Generation,'"  which 
appeared  in  my  recent  issue 
of  the  Brandeis  Review.  It  is 
the  best  piece  I've  ever  read 
in  the  Review. 

Flis  recognition  of  the 
"Psychological  Musical," 
"with  emphasis  ...  on  the 
psychology  of  the  central 
character"  is  an  important 
perception  and  analysis,  not 
only  of  a  development  in  the 
musical,  but  of  another 
uniquely  American  focus: 
the  ultimate  importance  of 
the  psychology  of  the 
individual.  Any  society  is  a 
sum  total — not  of 
ideologies — but  of 
individuals.  The  human,  is 
what  counts.  Thus,  this 
particular  sort  of  musical  he 
has  identified  is  of  the 
utmost  importance  to 
anyone  wishing  to 
understand  our  society.  It  is 
a  healthy  signal. 

He  understands  all  of  that, 
obviously,  and  his  larger 
view  of  the  psychological 
musical  as  part  of  the  overall 
development  of  the  musical 
art  form  should  make  his 
students  feel  lucky  to  have 
him  for  a  teacher. 

Louis  Golden  '72 
Waban,  Massachusetts 


Editors: 

Ann  Lorenz  Van  Zanten  '72 
(Deaths,  Fall  19821  was 
killed  by  terrorists  at  Jo 
Goldenberg's  restaurant  in 
Pans.  As  those  who  were 
close  to  her  continue  to 
grieve,  we  must  take  the 
time  to  bring  pressure  to  bear 
on  governments  which 
continue  to  harbor,  aid  and 
abet  criminals.  Time 
magazine  said  of  the  attack 
that  "Paris  has  become  the 
undisputed  center  of 
terrorism.  .  .  .  Traditionally, 
the  country  has  been  known 
as  a  land  of  asylum.  It  has 
favored  an  open  visa  system, 
a  loose  border  policy  and  lax 
airport  checks.  Mitterand 
has  adopted  a  less  stringent 
policy  toward  terrorists  ..." 

Ann  and  I  attended  Brandeis 
during  a  portion  of  its 
tumultuous  protest  years. 
We  learned  firsthand  that 
protests  did  not  change  the 
world,  but  that  our  efforts 
did  bring  an  awareness  of 
issues  to  people  who  would 
otherwise  not  have  thought 
beyond  country  and  duty. 

If  "working  within  the 
establishment  for  a  better 
society  is  quite  appealing  to 
many  Brandeis  students"  as 
Kriss  Halpem  points  out 
(Brandeis  Today:  A  Student's 
Perspective,  Fall  1982),  then 
please  reflect  on  the  tragedy 
of  Ann's  useless  death.  We 
must  influence  our 
government  now  to  effect 
enforcement  of  human 
restrictions  worldwide.  No 
person  has  the  right  to  take 
the  life  of  others  in  order  to 
further  a  cause  (no  one 
assumed  responsibility  for 
the  Goldenberg  attack). 
Waiting  for  attention- 
grabbing  headlines  of 
massacres,  martial  law, 
fanaticism  or  invasion  is  too 
late  to  prompt  us  to  action. 

Debra  Kay  '73 
Emeryville,  California 


Brandeis  Review 


Spring  1983 


Volume  3 


Number  2 


Solving  world  hunger  on  the 
local  level 

Reaching  the  Hungry 

by  Ruth  S.  Morgenthau 

2 

Why  are  American  Jews  afraid  to 
challenge  Israeli  policy; 

Cliched  Responses  to 

Israeli  Policy 

Mock  Jewish  Moral  Tradition 

by  Gordon  Fellman 

6 

Brandeis  physicists  participate  in 
major  international  experiment 

Particle  Physics: 
In  Search  of  Quarks 

by  Jerry  Rosenswaike 

10 

What  has  happened  to  health  care 
in  America 

Drastic  Treatment 

Needed  in  Urban  Health  Care 

by  Alan  P.  Sager 

13 

President  Bernstein  leads  group 
on  official  trip 

Brandeis  Delegation 
Visits  China 

19 

The  influence  of  the  moral 
majority 

Evangelical  Politics: 
Disruptive  But  Not  Deadly 

by  Stephen  J.  Whitfield 

20 

A  history  of  excellence 

Music  at  Brandeis 
Hits  the  Right  Notes 

by  Debra  Schatz 

22 

Faculty  Notes 

25 

Promotions  and  Appointments 

28 

Brandeis  institutes  new 
payment  plan 

Innovative  Parent 
Loan  Program 

30 

A  new  interdisciplinary  study 

Concentration  in  European  Cultural 
Studies  Receives  Approval 

by  Edward  Engelberg 

31 

Two  photographers 


Alumni  Profiles: 
The  Differing  Perspectives 
Henry  Grossman  '58  and 
Nicolo  Damiano  '80 


32 


University  News: 
Brandeis  in  Brief 

34 

Athletics 

Varney  Hits  His  Stride 

37 

Chapter  events 

Alumni  Area  Activities 

38 

A  reminder 

National  Dues  Update 

39 

Class  Notes 

40 

Library  Dedication 

49 

The  Brandeis  Review 

students,  friends, 

Editor 

Design  Director 

University 

Director  of  Alumni 

Vol.  3.,  No.  2., 

parents,  faculty  and 

Nada  Samuels 

Dietmar  R.  Winkler 

Photographer 

Relations  and  the 

Spring  1983 

staff. 

Kevin  H.  Strauss 

Alumni  Fund 

The  Brandeis  Review 

Writers 

Designer 

Gladys  R.  Jacobson 

(ISSN  0273-7175) 

Postmaster: 

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Alumni  Editorial 

IS  pubhshed  by 

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Reaching  The  Hungry 


by  Ruth  S.  Morgenthau 


Ruth  S.  Morgenthau,  Adlai  Stevenson 
Professor  of  Politics,  is  president  of 
CILCA's  Board  of  Directors.  She 
served  on  the  US  delegation  to  the 
United  Nations,  1977-1981,  and  on 
US  delegations  to  Food  and 
Agriculture  Organization 
Conferences  and  Councils  in  1977, 
1978  and  1979.  She  has  written 
extensively  on  politics  and 


development,  and  recently  organized 
two  international  workshops  on  food 
policy  at  the  Rockefeller 
Foundation's  international 
conference  center  in  Bellagio,  Italy. 


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The  number  of  people  in  the  world 
who  live  on  the  edge  of  famine  varies 
according  to  who  is  doing  the 
counting.  The  international  Food  and 
Agriculture  Organization  (FAO) 
estimates  450-500  million.  One 
prediction  has  that  figure  rising  to  a 
billion  by  the  end  of  the  century.  And 
the  US  Presidential  Commission  on 
Hunger  has  a  figure  somewhere  in 
between. 

Regardless  which  figure  one  chooses, 
it  is  an  appalling  one,  given  that  we 
know  enough  food  is  produced  in  the 
world  to  feed  everybody  and  that  we 
have  the  technology  to  solve  the 
hunger  problem.  These  two  facts 
contrast  hunger  at  the  end  of  the  20th 
century  with  hunger  in  earlier  times. 
While  in  the  past  the  conditions 
leading  to  hunger  were  beyond  human 
control,  they  are  within  human 
control  now.  Therefore,  in  a  sense, 
hunger  today  is  man-made,  a 
symptom  of  institutional,  not 
environmental,  failure. 

Of  course,  a  great  deal  of  international 
work  has  been  done  since  the  end  of 
World  War  II  to  reduce  hunger  in  the 
world.  The  FAO,  the  World  Food 
Program,  the  International  Fund  for 
Agricultural  Development,  the  World 
Food  Council  are  but  four  of  the 
international  structures  which,  with 
very  large  staffs  and  enormous 
budgets,  are  doing  much  to  organize 
the  international  food  market  so  that 
malnutrition  is  reduced  and 
starvation  is  avoided. 

On  the  whole,  the  work  done  by  these 
international  agencies  is  terribly 
expensive  and  deals  with  food  which 
is  in  international  trade — constituting 
roughly  10  percent  of  the  total  food 
provided  and  consumed  in  the  world. 

The  hunger  problem  exists  in  the 
realm  of  the  remaining  90  percent. 
That  food  is  locally  or  regionally 
produced,  marketed  and  consumed 
and  is  mainly  marketed  within 
countries,  not  among  them.  This 
means  very  limited  areas,  often 
within  regions  or  even  clusters  of 
villages,  so  techniques  are  required 
that  are  quite  different  from  those 
of  centralized  international 
organizations. 

Hunger  is  decentralized  and  that  is 
why  it  is  so  terribly  hard  to  deal  with. 
What  is  needed  is  a  form  of 


IJLI 


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3  organization  that  liberates  the  energy 
of  the  people  to  help  themselves  and 
that  reaches  into  traditional  village 
social  structures  which  I  call  a  "food 
corps".  That  is  very  hard  for  people 
from  centralized  international 
bureaucracies  to  foster. 

I  spent  several  years  looking  at  the 
United  Nations'  structure  to  see 
whether  food  corps  could  come  out  of 
it,  but  one  only  has  to  consider 
budgets  to  see  why  the  approach  has 
to  be  nongovernmental. 

It  costs  at  least  $100,000  to  field  and 
mamtain  an  international  expert  for 
one  year.  It  is  not  only  a  question  of 
salary,  which  is  large,  but  of  transport, 
housing  and  so  on;  $100,000  is  a 
modest  estimate. 

A  place  like  Mali,  in  West  Africa, 
where  hunger  has  been  frequent  and 
widespread  since  the  time  of  the 
drought  in  the  early  1970s,  is  the  size 
of  France  and  Germany  combined  and 
has  7,000-8,000  villages.  How  many 
"experts"  would  be  needed?  If  you 
approached  the  problem  there  with 
the  operating  methods  of  the 
international  organizations,  the  salary 
bill  alone  would  run  to  hundreds  of 
millions  of  dollars!  There  is  not 
enough  aid  money  available,  now  nor 
will  there  be  in  the  future,  for  such 
UN-type  budgets. 

But  if  the  official  international 
approaches  will  not  do  this  work,  the 
bilateral  ones  are  often  equally 
limited.  Global  structures  working 
with  national  ones  tend  to  reach  as  far 
as  provincial  cities  but  they  do  not 
manage  to  get  to  the  villages,  where 
the  real  problem  lies. 

Therefore  an  operating  concept  is 
needed  which  takes  into  account  the 
fact  that  the  difficulties  are  human, 
not  technical.  There  may  be  technical 
answers,  but  the  basic  problem  is  a 
human  one  and  it  is  essentially  a 
challenge  to  organize  those  who  are 
hungry  and  those  who  know  how  to 
produce  more  food  in  a  creative 
interrelationship. 

An  earlier  version  of  these  ideas  first 
came  out  in  an  op  ed  piece  in  the 
Brandeis  justice  (October  7,  1975). 
The  ideas  found  their  way  into  the 
McDougall  Lecture  delivered  at  the 
UN  Food  and  Agricultural 
Organization  in  November  1977  by 


Ambassador  Andrew  Young  and 
received  a  great  deal  of  attention.  In 
half  a  dozen  African  countries, 
including  the  Sahel  region,  Tanzania 
and  Zimbabwe,  it  was  decided  to  set 
up  national  food  corps,  separate  from 
existing  centralized  services  and  using 
to  some  degree  a  voluntary  principle 
that  would  help  villages  to  organize 
themselves  for  food  development. 

Unfortunately,  the  history  of  village 
development  programs  is  one  more  of 
failures  than  of  successes  so  the 
question  arises  how  to  help  this  kind 
of  effort;  what  kind  of  technical 
support,  communications  network 
and  liaison  is  needed  to  support  the 
formation  of  national  food  corps? 

There  are  some  successful  examples 
to  follow.  One,  called  Plan  Puebla, 
was  started  in  Mexico  by  a  small 
group  of  technically  trained  people 
who  had  participated  in  developing 
the  seeds  for  the  Green  Revolution 
but  had  been  appalled  at  the  fact  that 
their  high-yield  seeds  had — if  I  can 
make  a  sweeping  generalization — 
frequently  contributed  more  to  pink 
marble  palaces  than  to  meeting 
people's  food,  water  and  housing 
needs  in  the  villages. 

So  this  group  of  refugees  from  the 
Green  Revolution  proceeded  to  build 
Plan  Puebla,  starting  with  about 
50,000  families  in  village 
communities.  Without  moving  people 
off  the  land  and  by  means  of  offering 
guidance  based  on  the  expression  of 
the  villagers'  needs,  these  technicians 
were  able  to  help  the  communities  to 
double  and  even  triple  their  food 
production  and  to  increase  their  wealth. 

I  recently  visited  Plan  Puebla  and  it 
really  is  a  remarkable  program.  In  the 
space  of  a  dozen  years  it  has  managed 
to  bring  about  a  dramatic  change  in 
the  standard  of  living  of  people  who 
previously  were  living  on  the  edge  of 
hunger  and  from  whose  villages  there 
was  a  steady  migration  to  Mexico  City. 

But  it  was  not  easy.  In  the  early  days 
they  had  a  rough,  slogging  time  of  it; 
they  were  not  welcomed  with  open 
arms  by  the  authorities  and  they  were 
not  overcome  by  offers  of  support.  It  is 
only  now,  after  12  years,  that  Plan 
Puebla  has  been  recognized  as  having 
grasped  a  non-bureaucratic, 
decentralized,  educational  and 
hierarchical  approach  that  could  help 
solve  the  hunger  problem  in  Mexico. 


Plan  Puebla,  then,  is  one  pillar  of  the 
food  corps  concept.  Another  is  the 
Sarvodaya  movement  in  Sri  Lanka, 
which  is  on  a  completely  different 
wavelength.  Plan  Puebla  was  built  by 
technicians,  whereas  Sarvodaya  has  a 
more  spiritual  orientation. 

The  Sri  Lanka  movement  was  begun 
25  years  ago  by  A.T.  Ariyaratne,  a 
science  teacher  whose  students  left 
the  classroom  and  went  out  into  the 
villages  to  start  a  program  of  direct 
action  reinforcing  village  structures, 
institutions  and  productivity. 

Now  the  organization  touches  3,000- 
3,500  villages.  It  has  a  very  large  staff, 
runs  training  and  technical 
institutions  and  remains  non- 
governmental. Not  only  has  it 
achieved  a  great  deal  in  the  matter  of 
productivity,  but  it  has  also  been 
concemed  with  social  services  and 
equitable  distribution. 

In  1980,  an  international  liaison  group 
was  set  up,  Comite  International  de 
Liaison  du  Corps  d'Alimentation 
(CILCA).  Its  work  is  based  on  a  dozen 
principles  that  should  underlie  village 
self-help  schemes.  It  has  a  board  of 
nine  people,  from  all  continents, 
including  the  leaders  of  Puebla  and 
Sarvadaya.  Its  executive  secretary  is 
Aly  Cisse  of  Mali. 

CILCA  began  working  on  training, 
evaluation  and  technical  backup  for 
pilot  projects  that  have  evolved  during 
the  past  couple  of  years.  The 
Sarvodaya  movement  conducted  a 
five-week  training  program  in 
practical,  village-level  agricultural 
development  for  Africans  from 
Senegal,  Mali,  Upper  Volta,  Gambia 
and  Tanzania.  Other  courses  followed. 
And  the  Mexican  Graduate  School  at 
Chapingo  has  established  three- 
month  training  courses  for  teams  of 
African  administrators  and 
agricultural  research  specialists  and 
extension  officers  who  return  home  to 
implement  specific  projects. 

In  1982,  village  work  began  at  Uyole 
in  Tanzania,  Wedza  in  Zimbabwe,  and 
Hambantota  in  Sri  Lanka.  This  was 
the  work  we  had  prepared  for  so 
eagerly.  Village  work  in  Mali  began  in 
June  1982. 


Toko  Project  Starts 


With  colleagues — Africans,  Sri 
Lankans,  Mexicans,  British  and 
Dutch — we  entered  the  village  of 
Toko  in  the  Segou  region  of  Mali  on 
June  19,  1982.  Our  mission  was  to 
install  two  Sri  Lankan  volunteers, 
Anula  and  Subasena  da  Silva.  They 
planned  to  serve  for  two  years  among 
Toko  villagers  to  help  increase  their 
food  supply  and  improve  the  quality 
of  their  lives.  Toko  had  no  school,  no 
dispensary,  no  maternity,  no  store,  no 
pharmacy,  no  modern  services  of  any 
kind.  Water  is  a  big  problem,  for  Toko 
is  in  the  Sahel,  where  rainfall  is 
limited.  Fuel  and  fodder  are  scarce  and 
people  are  very  poor;  per  capita 
income  is  $100  a  year.  When  the 
harvest  fails,  many  are 
undernourished.  In  preparation  for  our 
arrival  and  the  start  of  this  project. 
Toko  villagers  and  the  regional 
authorities  had  sunk  a  well  and 
installed  a  pump.  They  welcomed  us 
like  family  to  help  them  formally 
start  their  project. 

Toko  is  a  Bambara-speaking  farming 
village,  growing  its  own  food,  millet, 
sorghum,  peanuts,  and  raising  sheep, 
goats  and  chickens.  The  community 
is  structured  around  its  TON, 
including  the  Ton  Tigui  (chief),  Tierno 
(judge),  Keletigui  (arbitrator),  Famade 
(prince),  Kamale  Kountigui  (leader  of 
the  young  men),  Sourogourou 
Kountigui  (leader  of  young  women), 
Djeli  Mamary  (prosecutor),  Touraba 
(chief  of  the  women)  and  the 
Dougoutigui  (Supreme  Chief).  The  da 
Silvas  were  to  work  with  this 
structure;  to  help  villagers  develop 
themselves,  they  needed  strong  local 
institutions. 

We  had  travelled  from  Mali's  capital 
city,  Bamako,  by  car,  and  on  the  road 
to  Segou  we  met  the  governor  and  his 
staff.  Together  we  went  to  Toko,  12 
unpaved  kilometers  from  Segou.  We 
left  our  cars  and  walked  on  the  dirt 
road  to  the  village,  accompanied  by 
traditional  rythmic  drumming,  sweet 
music  plucked  from  the  strings  of  the 
cora  (a  traditional  African  guitar)  and 
harsh  bangs  of  rifles  shot  into  the  air 
by  hunters  and  veterans  of  past  wars. 
Colorful  banners  floated  in  the  breeze. 
Horsemen  pranced  before  us,  women 
brought  gifts  of  grain,  millet,  sorghum 
and  corn  in  dried  calabashes.  School 
children  danced  in  welcome  and 
clapped  in  time  to  the  music.  The 
football  team  ahead,  in  uniform, 
cheered  us.  High  school  students  had 


come  home  from  boarding  school  for 
the  great  occasion,  and  joined  the 
village  greeters  who  included  a 
committee  from  the  political  party,  a 
youth  delegation,  leaders  of  the 
women's  association,  the  village 
counselors  and  the  traditional  chief. 
Before  us  was  a  communal 
"mechoui,"  a  picnic  of  grilled  whole 
lamb,  millet,  corn,  peppers  and 
condiments. 

We  shook  hands  all  around,  joined  the 
rifle  dance  of  the  hunters,  and  walked 
to  the  shaded  open-air  meeting  area 
that  stood  before  the  volunteers' 
house.  The  villagers  had  built  that 
house  for  the  volunteers,  with  its  two 
outhouses  for  cooking  and  for 
washing;  and  they  had  put  up  the 
meeting  area,  for  they  knew  their 
future  development  work  would 
involve  many  meetings  with  the  Sri 
Lankan  couple. 

Bila  Sina  Guindo,  the  commandant 
(administrator)  of  the  central 
arrondissement,  impeccable  in  his 
white  suit  with  gold  braid  and  Kepi 
hat,  spoke  first  to  the  crowd  of  several 
hundred  people.  He  mentioned  "the 
spectre  of  hunger  which  is  the  greatest 
danger"  in  this  Sahelian  area.  He 
spoke  of  CILCA's  (Food  Corps 
Programs  International)  view  that 
"the  classic  way  to  fight  hunger  is  to 
bring  a  prepared  meal  to  poor 
countries,  and  it  does  them  enormous 
damage  .  .  .  for  it  leads  to  a 
withdrawal  of  effort  and  energy  by  the 
population.  ...  It  makes  the  recipient 
country  a  perpetual  client  of  the 
donor. ..." 

After  the  governor.  Chef  de  Bataillon 
Soumana  Traore  spoke,  and 
introduced  me  as  CILCA's  president. 
Yaya  Idrissa  translated  my  French  into 
Bambara  as  I  described  food  corps  and 
introduced  the  Sri  Lankan  couple.  The 
villagers  were  delighted  to  hear  that 
the  da  Silvas  had  just  married  and 
brought  their  love  to  Toko.  They  had 
many  years  of  village  development 
experience  in  their  homeland  and 
much  to  share  with  Mali  rural 
communities.  Subasena  spoke: 
English  to  French  to  Bambara.  The 
motivation  to  communicate  was  so 
high  we  knew  they  would  manage  to 
overcome  the  culture  shocks. 

Hosts  and  guests  moved  on  to  the 
ceremonial  picnic  under  the  thatched 
meeting  area,  built  of  precious 


(because  scarce)  wooden  branches.  All      4 
were  merry,  in  the  general  spirit  of 
camaraderie  and  affection,  until  we 
saw  two  tears  appear  on  Anula's  face 
and  roll  down  her  cheeks.  The  sight  of 
a  whole  roasted  lamb  shocked  her,  for 
as  a  Buddhist  from  a  land  of  plentiful 
rainfall  and  bountiful  vegetation,  she 
never  touched  red  meat.  Her  tears 
moved  all  of  us,  Maliens  and  visitors; 
"(;a  me  deballe. "  cried  the  governor, 
all  solicitude.  We  knew  how  big  a  step 
the  da  Silvas  had  taken  to  bring  gifts 
of  skill  and  empathy  some  6,000 
miles  from  their  sunny,  tropical  island 
to  this  dry,  landlocked  village  of  the 
African  Sahel;  how  different  were  the 
customs!  As  Anula  became  weaker, 
Subasena  became  stronger,  danced 
with  the  hunters  and  made  a  speech. 
To  ease  her  strain,  we  brought  Anula 
into  her  newly  built  home  to  rest;  and 
with  the  governor  and  Fofana  Traore 
of  the  office  du  Niger,  we  held  a 
"summit"  meeting  to  see  how  we 
could  help.  The  men  drew  up  a 
shopping  list  and  hoped  to  comfort 
Anula  with  familiar  food.  Could  we 
find  coconut  oil,  the  cooking  oil  of  Sri 
Lanka;  We  drew  a  picture  of  a  coconut 
and  suggested  pasting  it  on  a  bottle  of 
local  peanut  cooking  oil!  That  was  the 
best  we  could  do.  Coconut  palms 
could  not  grow  in  the  dry  conditions 
of  the  Sahel.  The  governor,  eager  to 
help,  was  all  for  finding  a  way  to 
refrigerate  the  food,  but  the  da  Silvas 
said  no,  they  were  becoming  part  of 
the  village.  Refrigeration  was  low  on 
the  list  of  village  needs;  food 
production  was  the  problem. 

As  the  moment  of  parting  came,  I  left 
Anula  my  Swiss  army  knife  and  my 
hat.  "May  God  grant  them  a  good  stay 
among  us,  and  the  birth  of  a  child 
next  year,"  said  the  governor, 
promising  support.  "May  there  be 
rain,"  he  said,  asking  Allah's 
blessings.  Building  up  production  and 
human  services  in  the  village  of  Toko 
would  not  be  easy,  but  the  organizers 
of  the  village  had  already  made  a  good 
start. 

Since  we  visited  in  June,  the  village 
has  been  hard  at  work  and  there  are 
concrete  results.  The  da  Silvas  wrote 
from  Toko  that  there  is  now  a  pre- 
school attended  by  more  than  50 
children,  to  whom  Anula  teaches 
daily  the  elements  of  nutrition, 
sanitation  and  culture  as  well  as 
dance.  Each  child  brings  a 
contribution  to  the  noon  meal  and  all 


»» 


The  CILCA  Approach 


5  cook  it  together.  This  service  to  the 
children  frees  their  mothers,  much 
overworked  vi'ith  water  carrying, 
child-bearmg,  housework  and  farm 
labor,  and  gives  them  energy  to  do 
additional  farm  work  while  they 
know  the  children  are  well  cared  for. 
In  addition,  the  da  Silvas  brought 
seeds  from  Sri  Lanka,  from  ipilipil, 
planted  them,  and  each  household 
now  is  raising  some  ten  trees  with 
success.  This  variety  of  tree  has  a  very 
deep  tap  root,  gives  quick  shade,  and 
fills  the  need  for  fodder  and  fuel.  As 
these  trees  grow  quickly,  the  village 
square  is  already  becoming  shaded 
from  the  relentless  sun.  To  ipilipil,  the 
administration  has  added  tree  stock 
from  its  nursery  of  local  tree  varieties. 
The  women  of  Toko  have  also  built  a 
modest  maternity  and  sent  one  of 
their  numbers  for  a  brief  training 
course,  as  mid-wife,  to  Segou.  A 
medical  officer  now  visits  Toko  from 
time  to  time.  The  villagers  are 
carrying  out  more  intensive  farming 
and  hope  for  more  grain,  fruit, 
vegetables,  and  chickens. 

In  January  1983,  three  young  Maliens 
went  to  Sri  Lanka  to  train  for  a  year 
with  the  Sarvodaya  Movement;  upon 
their  return,  they  will  take  the  de 
Silva's  place.  From  these  small 
beginnings,  a  successful  Malien  self- 
help  effort  can  grow.  The  plan  is  to 
multiply  the  work  in  Toko,  in  other 
villages. 

To  help  multiplication,  CILCA 
recently  took  one  further  step.  Six 
Maliens  went  for  training,  as  a  team, 
in  Mexico,  in  a  course  sponsored  by 
the  "Plan  Puebla"  group  of  the 
Graduate  School  of  Chapingo.  The  six 
are  experienced  field  technicians, 
engineers,  hydrologists,  agronomists, 
researchers  and  extension  agents,  with 
the  background  needed  to  place  at  the 
service  of  village  efforts,  like  in  Toko, 
some  of  the  fruits  of  the  Green 
Revolution.  The  Mali  team  is  back 
home  now;  it  visited  Toko  and  is 
installed  in  six  other  villages  of  the 
Katibougou  region.  The  team  has  a 
careful  methodology — collecting  base 
line  data,  learning  from  villagers, 
testing  soil  and  seed,  fertilizer  and 
rainfall,  varying  planting  techniques 
and  calendars,  evaluating — to  be  sure 
each  project  has  the  best  knowledge 
and  technology  available.  The  hope  is 
that  each  village's  self-help  efforts 
will  be  crowned  with  success. 


When  I  returned  to  the  US,  "Common 
people  left  out  of  the  Green 
Revolution,"  a  headline  in  the  July  27, 
1982  Christian  Science  Monitor  (p.  8), 
caught  my  eye,  reminding  me  that 
CILCA  came  into  being  to  help  fill 
this  critical  gap.  The  large-scale 
investments  made  in  research  for  the 
Green  Revolution  will  not  bear 
enough  fruit  if  the  facts  are  not 
adapted  in  the  hands  of  small  low- 
income  farmers.  Villagers  know  what 
has  worked  on  their  land  and  for  their 
families.  Hence  they  must  determine 
agricultural  goals  and  inputs,  give  and 
receive  training,  and  be  part  of 
evaluation.  Only  thus  will  they  be 
able  to  produce  more  and  benefit  from 
that  production. 

If  scientific  knowledge  is  to  have 
effect,  it  must  relate  to  and  grow  out 
of  the  daily  conditions  poor  farmers 
face.  Thus  it  can  take  on  the  strength 
of  their  will  to  survive  and  prosper 
Research  by  farmers,  on  their  farms,  is 
a  necessary  complement  to  research 
in  laboratories  and  experimental 
fields.  If  villagers  with  their  detailed 
knowledge  and  renewed  institutions 
join  the  development  effort, 
governments  will  be  able  to  do  what 
is  necessary  to  end  hunger 

Between  1979  and  1982,  CILCA 
attracted  support  from  many  sources 
and  achieved  its  initial  objective  of 
launching  food  corps  projects  in 
several  African  countries:  Tanzania, 
Zimbabwe  and  the  Sahel.  The  hope  is 
through  these  projects  to  stimulate  a 
"domino  effect"  of  village-level 
development.  The  first  CILCA 
projects  are  in  Africa  because  the  gap 
is  particularly  large  there  between 
agricultural  scientists  and 
practitioners.  Declining  production 
and  increasing  population  is  the 
depressing  record  of  the  last  several 
decades  in  most  African  countries. 

CILCA-sponsored  projects  are  the 
result  of  national  initiatives  linked 
together  and  supported  by  CILCA's 
international  liaison  network.  Each 
project  bears  a  distinctive  CILCA 
stamp.  Each  is  directed  toward  the  key 
CILCA  goals  of  improving  food 
production  and  nutrition  standards  at 
the  village  level.  Each  employs  an 
approach  in  which  adapted  research 
and  the  reinforcement  of  farmers' 
institutions  are  given  equal  weight. 
Each  gives  priority  to  supporting 


women  farmers.  Each  emphasizes 
practical  training  and  low-cost  inputs. 
And  each  project  is  unfolding,  not 
according  to  a  standardized  blueprint, 
but  as  a  learning  process  based  upon 
careful  evaluation  of  the  fit  between 
project  activities  and  local 
circumstances. 

For  the  future,  CILCA  has  five  specific 
goals:  to  evaluate  and  strengthen  the 
ongoing  national  projects  in  Tanzania, 
Zimbabwe,  Mali,  Sri  Lanka,  and  those 
about  to  be  initiated  in  Upper  Volta, 
Senegal  and  Niger;  to  help  them 
achieve  financial  self-reliance  and 
attract  more  support;  to  assist 
national  CILCA  liaison  committees 
to  multiply  successful  projects  on  a 
low-cost  basis,  using  primarily 
national  resources;  to  foster  the 
establishment  of  two  training  centers 
in  Africa;  and  to  support  national 
programs  by  strengthening  CILCA 
headquarters  and  international 
liaison. 

CILCA  emphasizes  both  technical 
knowledge  and  the  social  organization 
of  farming.  Its  approach  has  already 
attracted  substantial  support,  and  it 
has  the  momentum  to  achieve  a  wide 
and  permanent  impact.  CILCA  has 
received  support  from  many  sources, 
particularly  the  people  participating 
in  the  African  projects,  Sri  Lankans 
and  Mexicans,  public  aid 
organizations  from  Canada,  Norway, 
the  Netherlands,  AID  and  private 
foundations  like  the  Rockefeller 
Foundation  and  the  Ford  Foundation. 
Brandeis  University,  by  supporting 
this  work  from  the  beginning,  made  a 
significant  contribution  to  this  fight 
against  hunger. 

These  projects  are  a  beginning.  The 
idea  is  to  reach  the  hungry,  and  with 
them,  to  build  up  their  institutions  so 
they  can  help  themselves.  The 
knowledge  exists  for  ending  hunger  in 
our  lifetime.  The  frontier  in  this  field 
is  less  in  the  laboratories  than  in  the 
villages.  The  challenge  is  operational. 


See  World  Paper,  February  1981,  for  an  earlier  draft  of  the 
first  half  of  this  matenal.  Also  see  the  1979  and  1981  reports 
of  CILCA's  Bellagio  meetings  and  CILCA's  five-year  plan. 


Cliched  Responses  to  Israeli  Policy    Mock  Jewish  Moral  Tradition 


by  Gordon  Fellman 


Gordon  Fellman, 
associate  professor  of 
sociology,  has  often  written, 
spoken  and  marched  in 
behalf  of  peace  movements. 
His  latest  article  on  that 
issue  was  a  co-authored 
piece  that  appeared  in  The 
New  York  Times  last  fune. 


Professor  Fellman  is 
chairperson  of  Social  Action 
Committee  of  the  Society 
for  the  Study  of  Social 
Problems.  He  is  also  co- 
chair  of  the  National  Mid- 
East  Task  Force  of  New 
fewish  Agenda. 


The  recent  invasion  of  Lebanon  sparked  unprecedented 
controversy  in  Israel  and  abroad.  Never,  since  the  founding 
of  Israel  in  1948,  has  the  questioning  of  the  nature  and 
purpose  of  Zionism  been  so  anguished  and  so  vigorous. 
What  had  appeared  to  most  Western  people  as  a  history  of 
heroic  Jewish  self-defense  is  now  seen  by  many  as  having 
turned  into  ugly,  defiant,  self-righteous  nationalism.  They 
believe  that  under  Begin's  leadership,  Israel  has  exchanged 
ideals  of  justice  and  peace  for  conquest  and  expansion, 
rationalized  in  the  name  of  peace  and  security.  If  so,  Israel 
acts  like  many  other  nations,  but  the  criticism  and  the 
soul-searching  reflect  standards  generally  not  applied  by 
or  to  any  other  nation. 

How  might  we  handle  the  conflict  between  a  desire  for 
nation  and  normalcy  on  the  one  hand,  and  a  commitment 
to  an  ethical  vision  which  demands  and  expects  "superior" 
behavior  on  the  other?  Many  Jews  delight  in  the 
restoration  of  national  power  and  are  glad  to  support  those 
who  administer  it.  They  consequently  accuse  critics  of 
Israel's  policies  of  ill  will  toward  Israel  and  Jews.  But  there 
are  others  who  experience  an  unbearable  conflict  between 
the  founding  ideals  of  Zionism  and  present  Israeli  political 
reality. 

In  an  effort  to  cling  to  comfort  and  communal  consensus 
in  their  thinking,  most  people,  challenged  to  defend  their 
actions  and  beliefs,  fall  upon  cliches.  It  is  easier  to  rely  on 
frozen  formulas  of  explanation  than  to  submit  to  the  rigor 
and  discomfort  of  analysis  that  can  lead  to  recognizing 
changes  in  history  and  new  possibilities. 

In  turn,  the  trite  responses  to  difficult  questions  serve 
the  purposes  of  establishment  figures  who  encourage 
unthinking  loyalty  from  constituents.  Jewish  elites, 
like  most  others,  find  informed,  thoughtful  criticism 
threatening  to  their  positions  and  their  interests.  They 
encourage  cliched  thinking  to  divert  attention  from 
legitimate  ethical  concerns. 

Jews  have  political  power  now  for  the  first  time  in  almost 
two  millennia;  perhaps  understandably,  we  are  not  yet 
accustomed  to  power.  For  this  and  other  reasons,  we 
have  been  reluctant  to  engage  very  fully  in  the  kinds  of 
discussions  about  proper  uses  of  power  that  would  do 
justice  to  our  ethical  tradition.  Cliched  thinking  about 
Israel  serves  as  a  pitiable  substitute  for  that  tradition; 
it  mocks  it. 

The  battle  between  cliches  and  critical  reflection 
represents  a  continuing  conflict  in  Jewish  history  and 
culture  going  back  at  least  three  thousand  years — a 
conflict  between  nationalism  and  prophecy,  or  more  baldly, 
between  power  and  ethics. 


Some  three  millennia  back,  the  Hebrew  tribes  approached 
Samuel,  their  judge-prophet  leader,  and  demanded  a  king, 
because  all  the  other  peoples  had  a  king.  With  a  king, 
Samuel  told  them,  they  would  suffer  the  trappings  of 
kingship — nationalism  and  all  its  vain,  destructive 
consequences.  The  people  insisted,  and  Samuel  knew 
that  his  own  authority  was  on  the  line.  He  chose  Saul,  a 
shepherd  he  thought  he  could  control,  to  be  the  king.  But 
Saul  had  a  mind  and  a  will  of  his  own,  and  the  nation- 
building  that  he  began  continued  under  David  and 
Solomon  and  their  heirs,  midst  much  strife  and  tragedy. 

The  prophets,  while  rarely  hostile  to  nationalism,  have  for 
millennia  offered  not  only  the  Jewish  alternative  to  sheer, 
unprincipled  nation-building  but  also  they  have  presented 
the  world-historical  alternative  to  the  conventions  of 
national  behavior.  When  the  Jews  were  in  exile  in 
Babylonia,  the  prophets  rendered  a  remarkable  judgment. 


7  From  our  modern,  rational  perspective,  their  presence  in 
Babylonia  was  a  consequence  of  Jews  having  lost  the  war. 
And  those  who  lose,  the  conventional  wisdom  claims, 
do  so  because  they  are  the  weaker  party. 

But  the  Jewish  prophets  in  Babylonia  were  not  satisfied 
with  that  obvious  explanation.  They  discovered  another: 
the  Jews  were  in  exile,  the  Jews  had  lost  the  war,  because 
they  had  done  wrong.  They  were  being  punished  for 
falling  from  God's  ways.  The  prophets,  according  to 
sociologist  Max  Weber,  thus  invented  social  criticism, 
the  contrasting  of  a  society's  behavior  with  its  ethical 
potential.  These  remarkable  men  took  it  upon  themselves, 
through  their  conviction  of  knowing  God's  will,  to  preach 
morality.  And  for  their  efforts,  they  were  admired  and 
reviled.  For  any  people,  just  like  any  person,  cannot  help 
but  respect  conscience  and  also,  secretly  if  not  overtly, 
find  it  an  insufferable  goad.  The  prophet  was  Israel's 
conscience.  The  conscience  is  the  individual's  prophet. 

The  tension  between  prophecy  and  nationalism  is  a  fixed 
historical  feature  of  Jewish  life.  Our  people  have  strived 
to  return  to  Jerusalem,  to  end  the  horrors  of  Diaspora  by 
recreating  a  nation.  We  have  returned  to  Jerusalem.  We  also 
strive  for  justice,  for  peace,  for  mercy  in  the  world.  We 
pledge  ourselves  to  these  ends  through  studying  our  texts 
and  through  ritual  recognition  of  historical  moments  of 
our  suffering. 

Without  a  nation  we  could  pursue  both  the  national  and 
prophetic  goals  in  prayers,  studies,  and  festivals,  wherever 
we  were,  without  national  political  consequences.  With 
the  re-establishment  of  Israel,  in  the  modern  period,  the 
clash  between  nationalism  and  prophecy  is  no  longer  a 
ritual  or  intellectual  issue;  it  has  become  politically 
crucial. 

Emancipation  of  the  Jews  in  Europe,  in  the  middle  of  the 
nineteenth  century,  might  well  have  meant  full  and  real 
liberation  from  the  whims  and  torments  of  host  peoples. 
Many  Jews  were  convinced  that  they  were  free,  but  the 
renewal  of  pogroms  in  Russia  and  Poland  in  the  last 
quarter  of  that  century,  and  the  Dreyfus  case  in  France, 
smashed  their  hopes.  These  events  led  some  thinkers  to 
believe  that  the  solution  to  the  problem  lay  in  the  Jews 
becoming  a  majority  in  their  own  nation,  that  in  a  world 
of  nations,  only  nationhood  could  guarantee  freedom. 

Another  response  to  the  resumption  of  anti-semitism 
in  the  late  nineteenth  century  was  based  on  a  different 
analysis.  Marx,  among  others,  saw  nations  as  unfortunate 
devices;  a  world  without  nations,  a  world  of  cooperating 
peoples,  in  short,  a  socialist  world,  would  be  salvation 
for  Jews  and  for  everybody  else.  Of  those  Jews  who 
reasoned  this  way,  some  chose  to  participate  in  European 
internationalist  movements.  They  often  rose  to  prominent 
positions  in  socialist  and  communist  parties  in  Germany, 
Russia,  and  Poland.  And  eventually  many  of  them  paid  for 
their  internationalist  idealism  with  their  lives. 

Another  group  of  socialists  took  a  different  path.  They 
foresaw  that  Jews  would  eventually  be  as  unwelcome  in 
leftist  movements  in  Europe  as  they  were  in  nationalist 
ones,  for  the  power  of  national  identification  would  still 


hold  sway  over  internationalist  possibilities.  The  course 
this  group  of  socialist  idealists  recommended  was  a 
socialist  nation  in  which  Jews  could  be  safe  as  a  majority 
and  from  which  they  would  work  for  socialism  in  the 
world. 

The  heirs  to  the  nationalist  analysis  are  Begin  and  his 
followers,  while  the  Labor  Party  in  Israel  used  to  follow 
the  socialist-Zionist  analysis.  The  Labor  Party,  however, 
has  moved  far  from  its  socialist  origins;  today  a  small 
left  wing  within  it  and  a  few  small  leftist  parties  and 
movements  are  the  main  representatives  of  the  socialist 
possibility. 

The  current  debate  in  Israel  and  elsewhere,  over  what 
kind  of  nation  Israel  is  becoming  and  over  Israel's  policies 
toward  Palestinians  and  other  Arabs,  can  be  examined  in 
this  framework  of  the  two  major  themes  of  nationalism 
and  prophecy  in  Israel.  The  nationalists  are  in  power  Their 
idea  of  a  strong  nation  is  phrased,  reasonably,  in  terms  of 
Jewish  survival;  but  as  an  undertheme,  it  also  represents 
the  diminution  of  the  prophetic,  or  ethical,  tradition  in 
Jewish  history. 

Until  the  war  in  Lebanon,  most  American  Jews  were 
content  to  support  unquestioningly  the  nationalist 
project.  Though  some  people  warned  that  Zionism  could 
deteriorate  into  domination  of  Jews  over  another  people, 
most  Jews  were  content  to  take  pride  and  comfort  in  the 
emergence  in  the  modern  period  of  a  strong  Jewish  nation. 
Whatever  sufferings  the  Israeli  government  inflicted  on 
others  were  usually  dismissed  as  minor  in  the  context  of 
efforts  to  build  a  safe,  secure  Jewish  nation. 

The  war  in  Lebanon,  though,  has  struck  many  as  an  excess 
of  a  new  order,  particularly  in  its  culmination  in  the 
massacres  in  the  Sabra  (has  no  one  noticed  the  irony  in  the 
name  of  that  one?)  and  Shatila  refugee  camps.  Many  see 
this  in  connection  with  increasingly  harsh  treatment  of 
Palestinians  on  the  West  Bank  and  conditions  that  will 
make  it  unlikely  or  impossible  for  Palestinians  to  achieve 
real  autonomy.  These  developments  have  forged  in  the 
minds  of  more  and  more  Jews,  as  well  as  non-Jews,  some 
fundamental  questions  about  policies  and  actions  of  the 
current  Israeli  government. 

The  questioners  are  heirs  to  the  prophetic  tradition  in  the 
West,  founded  by  those  Old  Testament  prophets.  Their 
nationalist  detractors  brand  them  as  self-hating  Jews  and 
a  danger  to  Israel.  The  nationalists  try  to  convince  the 
others  that  support  for  the  dignified  national  survival  of 
the  Jews  entails  unquestioned  loyalty  to  governments  of 
Israel. 

The  nationalists  have  elaborated  a  long  list  of  assertions 
meant  to  still  criticism  of  Israeli  policies.  Responding 
favorably  to  these  assertions  has  by  now  become  for  the 
nationalists  a  test  of  faith  in  Israel  and  the  Jews.  A  great 
many  Jews  have  succumbed  to  that  test,  oblivious  that  the 
asssertions  are  little  more  than  dangerous,  mind-numbing 
platitudes. 

American  Jews  are  often  told  to  silence  their  criticism 
of  the  Israeli  government,  for  speaking  out  in  protest 
could  have  an  ill  effect  on  Israeli  political  strategies  and 


programs.  Speaking  out  is  taking  a  position,  and  we  are 
told  that  is  too  risky,  that  it  is  safer  to  be  silent.  But  in 
this  situation,  silence  is  not  neutrality.  Silence  is  a  blank 
check  with  a  major  political  effect.  For  example,  to  remain 
silent  on  Reagan's  weapons  proposals  and  social  program 
cutbacks  is  to  lend  quiet  support.  Silence  before  Begin 's 
war  in  Lebanon  and  his  settlements  policy  on  the  West 
Bank  is  support  of  them.  That  it  is  passive  support  rather 
than  active  makes  no  difference  to  Begin,  who  uses  it 
politically  in  his  dealings  with  the  American  government 
as  well  as  with  his  own  people. 

Another  powerful  cliche  is  that  criticism  of  Israel  fuels  the 
fires  of  anti-semitism.  So  often  have  we  heard  this  and  so 
fearful  are  we  of  anti-semitism  that  for  years  many  Jews 
voiced  no  objections  to  Israeli  policies  of  which  they 
disapproved.  Where  is  the  evidence  for  this  claim  of  a  tie 
between  criticism  and  anti-semitism?  More  likely,  people 
respect  honesty  and  respect  honest  dissent  in  a  community 
known  for  its  forthrightness.  Pretending  consensus  when 
we  don't  have  it  suggests  arrogance  and  duplicity  and  that 
likely  fuels  anti-semitism,  as  do,  more  powerfully,  some  of 
the  policies  of  the  Israeli  government.  When  after  one 
strike  or  another  against  Palestinians  or  Lebanese,  there 
is  an  attack  on  Jews  in  Europe,  the  attackers  are  surely 
responding  to  actions  of  the  Israeli  government,  not  to 
criticisms  of  it. 

Those  who  criticize  are  berated  then  for  contributing  to 
the  weakening  of  post-World  War  II  norms  against  anti- 
semitism.  It  is  as  if  a  totally  unified,  monolithic  Jewish 
community  throughout  the  world  would  win  universal 
admiration  and  support  for  Israel,  regardless  of  its  actions. 
That  vision  is  inadequate.  Even  with  minimal  Jewish 
criticism,  Israel  has  lost  much  international  sympathy 
over  the  years.  The  prescription  of  stiff-upper-lip  unity 
denies  the  profound  reality  of  disputatiousness  in  Jewish 
communal  life,  the  history  of  ethical  reflection  among 
Jews  in  and  out  of  Israel,  and  the  democratic  responsibility 
of  any  people  to  monitor  the  actions  of  any  government 
purporting  to  represent  them. 

If  we  admire  democracy  in  Israel  and  in  the  larger  Jewish 
community,  then  we  must  accept  the  responsibility  of 
critical  support.  Democracy  demands  constructive 
criticism  by  an  enlightened,  vigilant  population  with 
standards  against  which  to  measure  a  government's 
performance.  Hardcore  anti-semites  will  hate  Jews  under 
all  circumstances.  It  would  be  immoral  to  swallow  our 
dissent  for  fear  of  them.  Those  who  warn  that  critics 
encourage  anti-semites  appear  to  assume  that  the  ranks  of 
anti-semites  will  grow  if  Jews  are  seen  as  critical  of  Israel. 
Thus  they  shift  attention  from  what  the  Israeli 
government  does  to  what  people  who  disapprove  say  about 
it.  Cleverly  the  onus  of  policies  of  questionable  wisdom  is 
transferred  from  their  agents  to  their  observers.  Why  not 
consider  that  constructive  criticism  that  takes  account  of 
everyone's  rights  in  the  Middle  East  might  well  reduce 
opposition  to  Israel?  The  rigid  over-defensiveness  of 
Israel's  actions  has  done  nothing  to  mitigate  opposition. 

Still  another  cliche  claims  that  criticism  of  Israel  is  anti- 
semitic  by  its  very  nature.  The  prophets  criticized  the 
kings  of  Israel  from  love  for  the  Jewish  people  and  the 


Jewish  nation.  If  social  criticism  was  invented  by  the 
prophets,  today's  friendly  critics  are  their  moral 
descendants.  The  attack  on  critics  is  an  attack  on  the 
prophetic  tradition  itself. 

Not  so,  the  cliches  continue;  Jews  who  cnticize  Israel  are 
self-hating.  Are  Americans  who  criticized  our 
government's  policies  in  Vietnam  or  who  disapprove  of  its 
defense  strategy  today  and  its  cutbacks  in  social  services 
self -hating  Americans?  Is  a  Russian  who  dares  criticize 
Russia's  disregard  for  human  rights  a  self-hating  Russian? 
Of  course  there  are  in  both  countries  those  who  attempt  to 
define  criticism  as  disloyalty  and  as  self-hatred  (Remember 
the  "America — love  it  or  leave  it"  bumper  stickers  a 
decade  back?),-  but  after  Vietnam  and  Watergate  in  this 
country  and  the  imprisonment  of  dissidents  in  Russia,  can 
one  seriously  hold  such  a  position?  Self-respect  includes 
self-criticism.  Faith  in  oneself  without  self-criticism  is  not 
self-love,  it  is  megalomania.  Martin  Buber,  a  Jewish 
prophet  of  the  twentieth  century,  spoke  of  "critical 
solidarity"  with  Israel,  as  a  responsible,  proper  stance. 

The  cliche  perpetrators  demand  that  one  has  to  live  and 
fight  in  Israel  in  order  to  be  able  to  take  it  to  task. 
Although  at  first  glance,  this  claim  appears  sensible,  must 
one  live  in  Poland  in  order  to  oppose  its  govemment's 
suppression  of  Solidarity?  Must  one  live  in  Russia  to  decry 
its  actions  in  Afghanistan?  Do  we  deny  Europeans  a  right 
to  criticize  America's  involvement  in  Vietnam  and  in 
Latin  America?  There,  the  cliche  mongers  reply  that  the 
national  existence  of  those  nations  is  not  in  danger;  that  of 
Israel  is.  Criticism  from  outside  Israel  (few  American  Jews, 
happily,  seem  to  object  to  criticism  from  inside  Israel) 
could  endanger  the  very  existence  of  Israel.  It  could  reduce 
outside  support;  and  the  good  opinion  of  Israel's  protector, 
the  United  States,  could  be  weakened.  On  the  contrary, 
might  not  America's  government,  clearly  exasperated  with 
what  it  often  perceives  as  Israel's  recklessness,  welcome 
real  debate  within  the  Jewish  community  that  could  have 
policy  effects  on  Israel? 

What  if  the  critics  are  convinced  that  Israeli  government 
policies  threaten  the  continued  political  and/or  moral 
integrity  and  even  existence  of  Israel,  and  by  extension, 
the  existence  of  the  Jewish  people?  If  Jews  are  indeed  one 
people,  and  the  Israeli  government  acts  in  the  name  of  all 
Jews,  as  it  claims  to,  then  it  seems  politically  necessary  to 
speak  one's  mind  and  heart.  Besides,  American  Jews  are 
not  asked  to  ignore  Israel's  business,  rather  are  solicited  for 
money  and  political  support.  Should  they  offer  money  and 
commitment  with  no  careful  analysis  of  what  they  are 
embracing?  Suppose  Israel  were  to  move  a  step  further  and 
annex  the  West  Bank,  withholding  citizenship  from  Arabs 
there  while  continuing  to  use  them  as  a  cheap  labor  force. 
Should  they  then  be  silent? 

The  cliche  bearers  also  argue  that  taking  issue  with  official 
government  policy  is  a  luxury  that  Americans  and  Israelis 
are  afforded,  while  there  is  no  glimmer  of  such  criticism 
within  the  Arab  world.  The  public  voice  in  behalf  of  peace, 
they  claim,  is  therefore  one-sided.  One  nation  cannot 
demand  of  another  with  which  it  is  at  odds,  that  it  adopt 
the  social  and  political  system  of  the  first  nation  in  order 
to  be  worthy  of  serious  negotiations.  Israel  did,  after  all, 


9  make  peace  with  Egypt.  If  the  United  States  is  to  achieve  a 
freeze  on  nuclear  weapons  production  in  reciprocity  with 
Russia,  it  will  have  to  do  so  with  Soviet  society  as  it  is 
now,  not  as  it  would  prefer  it  to  be,  and  vice  versa.  The 
point  in  this  context  as  well  as  the  Middle  East  is  for  both 
sides  to  begin  building  the  trust  that  will  make  it  possible 
to  make  peace.  Each  must  recognize  the  legitimate  fears  of 
the  other  and  work  with  any  representative  in  a  position  to 
negotiate.  Neither  side  will  advance  the  peace  process  by 
attempting  to  force  the  other  side  to  remodel  its  system. 

The  cliche  merchants  insist  that  all  Arabs  want  to  destroy 
all  Jews.  But  the  P.L.O.  is  a  heterogeneous  organization, 
and  just  as  some  Jews  might  want  to  destroy  the 
Palestinian  people  and  take  over  Jordan  as  well  as  the  West 
Bank  and  Gaza,  that  is  not  true  of  all  Jews  or  even  the 
majority.  It  is  difficult  to  know  what  citizens  of  Egypt  and 
Yemen  and  Iraq  really  believe  and  want  in  the  Israeli- 
Palestinian  conflict,  if  it  is  even  important  to  them  at  all. 
Although  the  majority  of  Arab  governments  and 
movements  may  have  been  committed  in  the  past  to  the 
destruction  of  Israel,  history  does  bring  about  changes  in 
thinking  as  well  as  in  events  and  opportunities.  Many 
peace  feelers  from  the  Arab  camp  are  on  record  in  recent 
times.  It  is  sensitivity  to  changes  and  the  chances  they 
afford  that  makes  the  difference  between  supple,  flexible 
responses  allowing  for  real  change  and  the  rigid,  dogmatic 
approach  that  until  recently  has  prevailed  in  most  quarters 
on  nearly  all  sides  of  the  discussion  about  the  Middle  East. 

Nonetheless,  the  hawkers  of  cliches  assert,  even  if 
circumstances  do  change,  one  thing  will  not  change  and 
because  of  that  no  negotiation  is  possible  between  Arabs 
and  Israel.  That  trump  card  in  the  packet  of  nationalist 
cliches  is  the  axiom  that  Arab  countries  are  so  unstable, 
their  politics  so  volatile,  that  they  simply  cannot  be 
trusted.  A  treaty  made  by  one  regime  surely  will  not  be 
honored  by  the  next.  Recall  that  a  week  before  Sadat 
visited  Israel,  "everyone"  said  that  peace  between  Israel 
and  Egypt  was  impossible.  Later  they  said  that  a  treaty 
would  never  come  about.  Yet  it  came  about.  Then  the 
cynics  and  the  realists,  who  claim  to  know  and  honor  the 
ways  of  the  world,  said  that  the  treaty  would  never  hold. 
Once  Sadat  died,  they  predicted,  Egypt  would  nullify  the 
treaty.  Sadat  died,  and  yet  the  treaty  held.  Just  wait, 
though,  we  were  assured  by  the  hard-headed,  if  another 
war  breaks  out  with  Israel  as  a  participant,  Egypt  will  join 
against  Israel.  Another  war  broke  out,  and  Egypt  did  not 
join.  The  treaty  continues  in  force.  This  is,  of  course,  no 
guarantee  that  it  will  last  forever,  but  it  has  worked  far 
longer  than  those  so  sure  of  the  eternal  untrustworthiness 
of  Arab  nations  expected  it  would. 

The  cliches  go  on;  this  is  not  an  exhaustive  list. 
Stereotyped  thinking  serves  only  the  causes  of  self- 
righteousness  and  reactionary  policies,  sustaining 
establishment  leaders  and  allowing  for  the  refusal  to 
reassess  reality  in  the  light  of  evolving  circumstances.  In 
his  single-minded  pursuit  of  the  nationalist  project,  the 
current  prime  minister  of  Israel  eschews  subtlety  and 
Ignores  heterogeneity  in  the  other  camp.  He  has  decided  on 
the  bully's  easy  way  out:  the  use  of  force  as  the 
cornerstone  of  foreign  policy.  He  has  circumvented  ethical 
issues  by  invoking  the  Holocaust — the  most  sensitive, 
vulnerable  spot  in  the  consciousness  of  most  lews  today  as 


if  that  trauma  were  a  license  to  solve  all  conflicts 
militarily.  Begin  and  his  supporters  complain  that  the 
world  expects  Israel  to  behave  more  morally  than  other 
nations  and  simultaneously  claim  that  Israel  is  more 
moral  than  other  nations.  They  and  we  cannot  have  it  both 
ways.  Yet  is  appears  that  they  and  many  of  us  would  like  to. 

Jews  of  all  groups — religious,  secular,  working-class, 
professional,  male,  female,  Ashkenazi,  Afro-Asian — all 
seem  to  bear  the  marks  of  one  of  the  most  profound  and 
enduring  ambivalences  of  our  peoplehood:  the  desire  to  be 
a  nation  "like  all  the  others,"  and  the  desire  to  be  "a  light 
unto  the  nations."  Like  all  other  peoples,  we  Jews  are  at 
war  with  our  superegos;  but  unlike  most  peoples,  we  rarely 
settle  for  truces.  Part  of  our  historical  condition  seems  to 
be  a  wavering  between  the  ordinary  and  the  ethical, 
favoring  one  or  the  other,  wishing  to  realize  each,  suffering 
the  contradictions  between  the  two,  and  never  knowing 
exactly  how  or  whether  to  let  go  of  either. 

Yet,  despite  opposition,  the  ethical  vision  is  re-emerging 
today  within  Israel.  While  Lebanon  delays  its  investigation 
of  the  Sabra-Shatila  massacres,  the  Israeli  government, 
despite  Begin's  opposition,  has  appointed  a  Board  of 
Inquiry  into  Israeli  complicity  and  responsibility.  That 
board  was  instituted  after  government  resignations,  threats 
from  Begin's  coalition  partners  and  pressures  from  abroad, 
and  a  demonstration  of  400,000  Israelis  (better  than  10 
percent  of  the  population)  forced  Begin  to  yield. 

Not  only  is  there  a  Commission  of  Inquiry  in  Israel  today, 
but  there  are  also  several  religious  and  secular  groups  that 
actively  support  a  peace  movement  in  addition  to  Peace 
Now,  the  largest  and  best  known  organization. 
Such  remarkable  actions  as  the  demand  for  the 
Commission  of  Inquiry  and  the  flowering  of  the  anti-war 
movement  are  celebrated  far  and  wide  as  exemplifying  the 
vigor  and  vitality  of  Israeli  democracy.  They  cannot  but 
also  be  seen  as  fierce  commitments  to  the  ethical 
possibility  still  very  much  alive  in  Jewish  culture  and  in 
the  Jewish  nation.  Jews  may  complain  about  the  double 
standard  by  which  Israel  is  judged  differently  from  other 
nations,  but  many  of  us  hold  that  same  standard  and 
however  peculiar  and  exasperating  it  may  seem  at  times, 
we  invoke  it  and  are  proud  of  it. 

This  in  no  way  suggests  that  Israel  under  Begin  is  the  sole 
or  even  the  principal  problem  in  the  Middle  East.  The 
P.L.O.  and  Arab  nations  have  committed  horrible  crimes 
and  stupid,  terrible  mistakes,  morally  and  politically.  But 
so  has  Israel.  (Space  does  not  permit  discussing  the 
Russian  and  American  roles  in  all  this.) 

Although  Begin  claims  to  "know"  his  ethical  heritage, 
there  is  a  vast  difference  between  merely  "knowing"  and 
acting  on  that  knowledge.  That  knowledge  must  always 
remind  us  that  a  strong  nation  is  not  an  end  in  itself.  If  we 
are  to  be  true  to  the  prophetic  part  of  our  history,  then  we 
must  ask  the  question:  What  kind  of  nation? 

And  having  asked  that  question  we  then  should  be 
unafraid  to  engage  in  the  politics  of  judgment. 


Particle  Physics: 


In  Search  of  Quarks 


Quarks.  Gluons.  Collider  detectors. 
W  and  Z  bosons. 

They  sound  like  something  out  of 
Buck  Rogers.  Or  perhaps  from  the 
next  installment  of  Star  Wars. 

But  they  aren't  futuristic  gadgetry  or 
science  fiction  jargon.  They  are 
contemporary  shards  of  a  cosmic 
puzzle  that  leading  high  energy 
physicists  from  Brandeis  and  all  over 
the  world  are  trying  to  piece  together 
to  answer  some  of  the  most  profound 
questions  ever  asked:  What  are  we 
made  of?  Where  did  we  come  from? 
And  what  are  the  fundamental 
constituents  of  the  universe? 

The  field  is  called  high  energy  physics 
because  of  the  enormous  energy  of  the 
sub-atomic  beams  used  to  conduct 
these  provocative  experiments.  It  is 
also  known  as  particle  physics 
because,  unlike  nuclear  physics, 
which  is  conducted  at  low  energy 
levels,  scientists  deal  with  elementary 
particles  rather  than  collective 
phenomena. 

At  Brandeis,  these  high  energy 
physicists  include  theoreticians 
Laurence  F.  Abbott  and  Howard  J. 
Schnitzer  and  experimentalists  James 
R.  Bensinger,  Lawrence  E.  Kirsch  and 
Richard  A.  Poster.  Two  post-doctoral 
students — Frank  Lomanno  and  Lee 
Spencer — and  four  graduate 
students — Michael  Fortner,  Bruce 
Magnuson,  Shlomit  Tarem  and 
Panagoula  Zografou — also  are 
involved  in  high  energy  work  at 
Brandeis. 

Faculty  members  Bensinger  and 
Kirsch  are  currently  collaborating 
with  Harvard  University  physicists  to 
construct  an  electromagnetic 
calorimeter,  a  large  apparatus  (each 
section  will  be  five  feet  by  five  feet) 
that  will  be  used  for  measuring  the 
properties  of  the  proton,  a  particle  that 
co-exists  with  the  neutron  inside  the 
nucleus  of  the  atom.  The  calorimeter, 
which  will  be  placed  into  12'  x  12' 
modules,  is  part  of  a  vastly  larger 
apparatus  known  as  the  collider 
detector.  This  detector  will  be  used  to 
observe  very  high  energy  collisions 
between  protons  and  antiprotons, 
particles  whose  properties  are  the 
exact  opposite  of  protons.  The 
Brandeis  scientists  will  scrutinize 
these  interactions  by  recording  on 
magnetic  tape  the  resulting  tens  of 


particles  emitted  in  each  collision  to 
learn  what  new  particles  may  be 
discovered. 

These  ambitious  experiments — along 
with  many  others — will  take  place 
inside  an  underground  tunnel  with  a 
five-mile  circumference  located  at  the 
6,800-acre  Fermi  National  Accelerator 
Laboratory  (Fermilab),  30  miles  west 
of  Chicago  near  Batavia,  Illinois. 
Named  in  honor  of  the  late  Nobel 
Laureate  nuclear  physicist  Enrico 
Fermi,  Fermilab  is  one  of  three  major 


national  laboratories  in  this  country 
engaged  in  high  energy  physics 
research.  The  others  are  Brookhaven 
National  Laboratory  in  Upton,  New 
York,  and  the  Stanford  Linear 
Accelerator  Center  (SLAC)  in  Palo 
Alto,  California.  There  also  are 
accelerators  in  Europe,  Japan,  and  the 
Soviet  Union. 

The  Tevatron  II  Project  at  Fermilab  is 
scheduled  to  begin  its  experimental 
phase  in  1985  and  run  for  several 
years.  It  represents  one  of  the  most 


11  ambitious  and  most  expensive 
undertakings  of  its  kind  in  history. 
This  colossal  mternational  scientific 
endeavor  vv'ill  eventually  involve 
hundreds  of  eminent  physicists  from 
Japan  and  Italy  as  well  as  the  United 
States.  In  addition  to  the  Brandeis 
contingent,  the  American  presence  on 
the  collider  detector  project  includes 
scientists  from  Harvard,  Purdue,  Texas 
A  &.  M  and  Rutgers  Universities,  the 
Universities  of  Chicago,  Wisconsin, 
Pennsylvania  and  Illinois  and 
members  of  the  Lawrence  Berkeley 
Laboratory  at  the  University  of 
California  in  Berkeley,  California,  the 
Argonne  National  Laboratory  near 
Chicago,  and  Fermilab. 

The  cost  of  the  Tevatron  II  Project  is 
estimated  at  close  to  $100  million, 
with  much  of  that  spent  on  building 
the  collider  or  atom  smasher,  as  it  is 
popularly  called,  and  constructing  a 
new  ring  of  potent,  superconducting 
magnets  to  steer  the  invisible 
particles  through  the  collider. 

Over  the  past  several  decades,  bigger 
and  bigger  accelerators  have  been 
built  in  this  country  and  abroad  as 
physicists  pressed  their  search  for 
the  smallest  units  of  matter. 
Unquestionably  one  of  the  most 
fascinating  of  these  units  is  the  quark, 
an  eccentric  and  mysterious  point- 
like particle  that  makes  its  home 
inside  the  proton.  At  least,  that's  what 
most  physicists  now  believe. 

"Actually,  no  one  has  seen  an  isolated 
quark  outside  of  a  proton,"  Professor 
Abbott  says.  "But  despite  that  fact, 
there  is  extremely  convincing  indirect 
evidence  that  quarks  do  exist." 

The  first  suggestion  that  there  might 
indeed  be  a  particle  more  fundamental 
than  the  proton — itself  a  mere  one 
ten-trillionth  of  a  centimeter  in 
diameter — came  in  1947  when 
physicists  sent  photographic  film 
aloft  in  balloons  to  record  the  high 
energy  cosmic  rays  that  bombard 
earth  from  space.  When  the  protons  in 
the  cosmic  rays  struck  atoms  in  the 
sensitive  film,  they  created  striking 
patterns  that  offered  evidence  of 
unexpected  behavior  in  the  atom.  The 
cosmic  rays  had  served  as  nature's 
own  atom  smasher  and  what  they  had 
done  to  the  film  was  split  atoms  into 
particles  that  physicists  had  never 
seen  before. 


The  race  was  on  as  physicists 
aggressively  chased  these  new, 
enticing  particles.  And,  with 
government  support,  scientists  began 
constructing  their  own  atom 
smashers — accelerators.  Likened  by 
one  scientist  to  20th  century 
cathedrals  with  their  miles  of 
precisely  designed  tunnels  and  huge 
magnets,  accelerators — the  largest 
and  most  expensive  pieces  of 
laboratory  equipment  in  the  world — 
enabled  scientists  to  unravel  the  atom 
like  an  onion  and  to  discover  an 
astounding  number  of  new  particles. 

Yet,  no  one  seriously  suggested  that 
all  these  new  discoveries  were 
fundamental  particles.  In  fact,  it 
began  to  become  apparent  to  both  the 
theoretical  and  experimental  physicist 
by  the  early  1960s  that  if  there  really 
were  fundamental  entities,  they 
should  be  few  in  number  and  arranged 
in  some  simple  and  beautiful  pattern. 

"It  was  the  search  for  that  pattern  that 
gave  rise  to  the  notion,  the  idea,  of  the 
quark,"  Professor  Abbott  says.  "The 
quark  was  actually  a  theoretical 
construct  that  attempted  to  make 
order  out  of  the  chaos  in  the  ever- 
increasing  number  of  particles  known 
to  physicists." 

The  quark — named  for  a  reference  in 
fames  Joyce's  Finnegan's  Wake — was 
proposed  by  Professors  Murray  Gell- 
Mann  and  George  Zweig,  both  of  the 
California  Institute  of  Technology. 
Working  independently  of  each  other, 
they  essentially  postulated  that 
quarks  were  the  building  blocks  of 
protons  and  neutrons.  Professor  Gell- 
Mann,  who  won  a  Nobel  Prize  for  his 
work,  further  theorized  that  quarks 
had  fractional  electrical  charges  so 
that  three  quarks  could  be  put 
together  to  form  the  proton.  A 
configuration  of  minus  one-third,  plus 
two-thirds  and  plus  two-thirds 
produces  a  charge  of  plus  one — the 
proton.  An  arrangement  of  minus  one- 
third,  minus  one-third,  and  plus  two- 
thirds  makes  a  charge  of  zero — the 
neutron. 

The  pattern  suggested  by  the  theory 
was  simple,  even  elegant. 

Now,  all  the  experimentalists  had  to 
do  was  to  find  these  strange  particles 
with  only  a  fraction  of  a  charge. 

But  they  couldn't,  not  at  first. 


"You  can't  take  a  picture  of  a  quark 
with  an  electron  microscope," 
explains  Professor  Bensinger.  "It's 
really  from  reconstructing  how  a 
proton  breaks  apart  in  high  energy 
collisions  that  you  'see'  evidence  of 
quarks.  And  what  you  actually  get  a 
picture  of  is  the  charged  distribution 
inside  of  a  proton — the  result  of  the 
existence  of  the  quark." 

The  lengths  to  which  experimental 
high  energy  physicists  have  gone  to 
prove  the  existence  of  quarks  has  been 
bounded  only  by  their  imagination.  In 
one  experiment,  quark-hunters  fired 
20-billion  volt  electrons  into  protons 
contained  in  a  tube  of  liquid  hydrogen 
and  measured  the  energy  the  electrons 
lost  as  they  deflected  off  the  protons. 
The  way  in  which  electrons 
interacted  pointed  to  the  existence  of 
quarks  inside  the  protons. 

Other  experiments  later  revealed  that 
constituents  of  the  proton  have 
something  called  spin,  a  property  that 
theoretical  physicists  had  accurately 
predicted.  But  how  many  of  them 
were  inside  the  proton?  The  theorists 
had  said  there  were  three  quarks.  Were, 
they  right? 

The  experimentalists  attempted  to 
resolve  the  question  by  using  another 
unorthodox  particle,  the  neutrino,  to 
search  for  quarks.  The  neutrino, 
besides  possessing  no  mass  and  no 
electrical  charge,  has  the  ability  to 
pass  through  millions  of  miles  of 
matter  without  interacting  with 
atoms.  Putting  these  qualities  to 
efficient  use,  physicists  took 
numerous  photographs  of  neutrinos 
colliding  with  protons  and  shattering 
them  into  other  particles.  By 
meticulously  tracing  the  "footprints" 
of  these  particles,  scientists 
calculated  the  number  of  quarks  in 
the  proton. 

The  number  they  arrived  at  then  was 
three,  exactly  as  predicted  by  the 
quark  model. 

Similar  experiments  through  the  early 
1970s  merely  seemed  to  buttress  the 
case  for  both  the  existence  of  quarks 
and  their  exalted  status  as  one  of  the 
fundamental  units  of  matter. 

But  in  1973,  a  fourth  quark — 
"charm" — was  discovered,  joining 
"up,"  "down,"  and  "strange."  While  it 
did  not  invalidate  the  basic  thrust  of 


the  three-quark  model,  the  news 
certainly  excited  the  high  energy 
physicists.  It  expanded  the 
possibilities.  In  one  experiment 
leading  to  the  discovery  of  the  fourth 
quark,  electrons  and  positrons  (the 
electrons'  anti-particles)  were  fired  at 
each  other.  The  subsequent  collision 
resulted  in  a  tremendous  burst  of 
energy  that  annihilated  the  two 
combatants  but  created  new  particles 
in  their  stead. 

The  discovery — for  which  Professor 
Burton  Richter  of  Stanford  and 
Samuel  Ting  of  M.I.T  were  awarded 
the  Nobel  Prize — strongly  supported 
the  reality  of  quarks.  But  perhaps 
there  were  even  more  quarks. 

In  1980,  a  fifth  quark— "bottom"— 
was  unveiled  by  physicists  working  at 
Fermilab.  Since  in  the  past  quarks 
have  come  in  pairs,  physicists  now 
suspect  there's  a  sixth  quark — a  "top." 

That  is  just  one  of  the  quests  of 
experimental  high  energy  physicists 
from  Brandeis  and  the  other  leading 
American  and  foreign  institutions 
who  will  be  converging  at  Fermilab  for 
the  Tevatron  II  project. 

"Perhaps  what  we'll  do  first  is  simply 
look  for  all  the  things  that  people 
believe  to  be  there,"  Professor 
Bensinger  says.  "Then,  if  the  'top' 
quark  is  there,  we  would  want  to 
know  its  mass.  We'll  also  be  looking 
to  see  how  all  the  quarks  interact 
with  each  other." 

(Brandeis  physicists  Bensinger,  Kirsch 
and  Poster  are  hoping  to  shed  new 
light  on  quark  behavior  in  the 
experimental  work  they  are  currently 
doing  at  Brookhaven  National 
Laboratory.) 

Since  the  accelerator  at  Fermilab  will 
allow  scientists  to  create  new 
particles  never  seen  before,  their 
investigation  comprises  an  important 
avenue  of  high  energy  research. 
Especially  intriguing  is  the  race  to 
find  the  W  and  Z  bosons,  essential 
ingredients  of  the  theory  of  weak 
interactions,  which  cause 
radioactivity.  (In  late  lanuary,  a  team 
of  scientists  reported  it  had  discovered 
the  elusive  W  particle  at  CERN,  the 
atomic  research  facility  near  Geneva, 
Switzerland.) 


Physicists  also  will  be  using  the 
world's  largest  accelerator  at  Fermilab 
to  look  for  signs  of  gluons,  the  aptly 
named  particles  that  stick  the  quarks 
together. 

But  there  is  another  element  of  the 
research  for  Brandeis  physicists  at 
Fermilab  that  has  little  to  do  with  the 
direct  experimental  exploration  of 
the  secrets  of  the  Universe.  It  is, 
instead,  vital  work  in  the  area  of 
communications,  which  is  used  for 
unravelling  those  secrets. 

"One  of  the  major  projects  Brandeis 
will  be  involved  in,"  says  Professor 
Bensinger,  "is  to  set  up  a  sophisticated 
communications  network  between 
the  computers  of  the  various 
universities  involved  in  the  project. 
Scientists  have  to  understand  the 
enormous  data  produced  by  these 
many  experiments  and  design 
programs  that  analyze  the  data 
accurately." 

Brandeis  scientists  have  been  charged 
with  helping  to  create  this 
networking,  which  will  have  an 
initial  demonstration  telephone  link 
between  the  University  and  Fermilab. 
Such  a  networking  plan  eventually 
may  be  operated  via  satellite. 


"We  are  trying  to  enumerate  the 
beasts  of  nature  and  discover  how 
they  behave  with  one  another," 
Professor  Kirsch  explains.  "These 
experiments  with  the  accelerator 
simulate  the  conditions  that  existed 
in  the  Universe  at  different  points  in 
time.  Some  of  these  particle  collisions 
share  similar  properties  with  the 
fireball  of  the  Big  Bang  explosion  that 
eons  ago  created  the  building  blocks 
of  matter.  So,  you  see,  high  energy 
physics  is  confronting  some  of  the 
most  basic  questions  anyone  could 
ask:  What  are  we  made  of?  How  did 
we  get  here?  What  is  the  Universe?" 

In  the  past  ten  years,  dramatic 
progress  has  been  made  toward 
understanding  these  questions.  But 
much  remains  to  be  discovered. 

And  Brandeis  physicists  fully  intend 
to  take  an  active  part  in  this  cosmic 
hunt. 

Jerry  Rosenswaike 


12 


Drastic  Treatment  Needed    in    Urban  Health  Care 


by  Alan  Sager 


13  Alan  Sager  '67, 

assistant  professor  of 
urban  and 
health  planning, 
joined  the  faculty  of  the 
Heller  School  in  1979. 


A  more  detailed 
treatment  of  the  issues 
taken  up  in  this 
article  will  appear  in 
the  1983  Urban  Affairs 
Annual  Review, 
Health  and  the  City. 


Dr.  Sager 's  book. 
Planning  Home  Care 
With  the  Elderly 
was  published  last 
month  by  Ballinger. 


These  events  took  place  in  the  past  year: 

In  Montgomery  Alabama,  a  woman  in  labor  was 
forced  to  drive  100  miles  to  Birmingham  after  being 
turned  away  from  six  local  hospitals  because  she 
lacked  health  insurance  and  could  not  pay  a 
preadmission  deposit. 

In  Chicago,  major  nonprofit  teaching  hospitals 
threatened  to  force  all  Medicaid  patients  to  use 
Cook  County  Hospital  unless  the  State  of  Illinois 
restored  its  reimbursement  to  those  hospitals. 

Nationally  large  public  hospitals  reported  a 
doubling  during  the  past  eight  years  in  the 
proportion  of  their  patients  who  were  admitted  from 
other  hospitals,  "dumped"  because  they  were  unable 
to  pay  for  care. 

In  California,  Proposition  13  and  Reagan-inspired 
cuts  in  federal  aid  led  Los  Angeles  County  to  cease 
providing  free  pre-natal  care  in  its  neighborhood 
health  centers.  (Thirty  percent  of  such  centers 
nationally  have  lost  their  special  federal  funding  for 
the  uninsured  in  the  last  two  years.)  Los  Angeles 
consequently  expects  a  considerable  increase  in 
premature  births  and  a  resulting  rise  in  admissions 
to  neo-natal  intensive  care  units,  at  $75,000  per 
infant. 


In  Massachusetts,  a  woman  had  to  receive  special 
permission  from  the  state's  Medicaid  program 
before  she  could  receive  a  life-saving  liver 
transplant. 

The  new  governor  of  New  York  ordered  a  twelve- 
month freeze  on  hospital  construction. 

Growing  numbers  of  hospitals  faced  bankruptcy. 


By  every  measure,  we  spend  more  money  for 
hospital  care  each  year.  The  share  of  gross  national 
product  devoted  to  hospitals  rose  by  44.4  percent 
between  1970  and  1981.  Yet  this  increase  is  no 
longer  purchasmg  improved  access  to  care.  (Here, 
access  means  ability  to  use  appropriate,  affordable, 
and  convenient  services.) 

Rather,  we  are  retreating  from  the  goal  of  equal 
access  to  one-class  medicine.  Money  is  found  to 
develop  and  deliver  dramatic  new  therapies  at  the 
same  time  that  established  treatments  and 
preventive  services  for  some  groups  of  patients  are 
being  cut.  There  are  signs  that  even  two-class 
medicine — one  for  the  poor  and  the  other  for  the 
not-poor — is  unaffordable.  The  result  will  indeed  be 
delivery  of  medical  services  to  a  single  class,  to 
which  shrinking  numbers  of  our  citizens  will 
belong. 

The  twin  crises  of  access  and  cost  of  care  must  be 
solved  compatibly.  Away  of  assuring  access  that 
doubled  hospital  spending  would  be  useless,  as 
would  resolution  of  the  cost  problem  by  denying 
needed  services. 

Today,  regrettably,  we  are  taking  the  latter  path.  We 
are  attempting  to  bring  spending  under  control 
principally  by  making  fewer  people  financially 
eligible  for  care.  Reductions  in  federal  Medicare  and 
Medicaid  support,  state  Medicaid  programs,  and 
city-county  spending  on  public  hospitals  all  work  to 
reduce  access.  The  effect  of  public  cuts  is  magnified 
by  employer  and  union  resistance  to  ever-higher 
health  insurance  premiums  and  by  the  rise  in 
unemployed  citizens  lacking  coverage. 

Recent  efforts  to  control  costs  have  been  made  in 
the  context  of  massive  and  continuing  changes  in 
the  structure  of  hospital  care.  In  American  cities, 
the  shape  of  patient  care  has  been  changing  in  ways 
that  both  manifest  and  exacerbate  this  nation's 
unwillingness  to  finance  equal  access  to  needed 
services. 

There  is  a  vicious  circle.  Hospital  care  is  so 
expensive  that  we  do  not  fund  equal  access  to  it. 
Many  hospitals  that  choose  to  admit  the  poor  or 
uninsured  therefore  close  or  face  financial  crisis. 
Because  surviving  hospitals  tend  to  be  more  costly 
than  those  that  closed,  the  prospects  for  equally 
affordable  care  recede  further 

This  dynamic  has  been  played  out  in  four  specific 


ways.  First,  public  general  hospitals — Bellevue, 
Kings  County,  D.C.  General,  Grady,  Jackson 
Memorial,  Cook  County,  Denver  General,  L.A. 
County,  and  the  like — the  traditional  providers  of 
last  resort  to  the  uninsured — have  suffered  massive 
bed  reductions.  Some  have  closed.  Most  that  remain 
open  face  financial  calamity  if  they  continue  their 
open  door  policies;  many  of  their  patients  face 
absolute  denial  of  care  if  they  close. 

Second,  many  of  the  smaller  and  less  costly 
voluntary,  nonprofit  hospitals  that  have  been 
heavily  committed  to  serving  low-income  and 
minority  patients  have  been  obliged  to  close  or 
relocate  to  suburban  areas. 

Third,  many  of  the  surviving  smaller  voluntary 
hospitals  serving  the  uninsured,  and  larger  teaching 
hospitals  that  share  this  commitment,  are 
experiencing  increasingly  serious  financial 
difficulties. 

Fourth,  there  has  been  in  recent  decades  a  slow  but 
cumulatively  massive  concentration  of  urban 
hospital  beds  in  fewer  and  larger  and  more 
specialized  hospitals  that  have  sought  closer 
affiliations  with  local  medical  schools. 

These  changes  reflect  medical  advances,  physician 
preferences,  desires  of  hospital  administrators  and 
trustees,  and  prevailing  distributions  of  patient 
income  and  health  insurance  coverage.  They  are  not 
products  of  sober  judgments  about  what  patients 
need  or  how  much  society  can  afford. 

Because  many  less  expensive  hospitals  serving 
lower  income  and  minority  citizens  have  closed  or 
relocated,  and  because  large  teaching  hospitals 
willing  to  serve  underinsured  citizens  have  grown, 
our  poorest  patients  are  being  concentrated  in  the 
world's  most  expensive  hospitals,  or  are  being 
denied  care  except  in  emergencies. 

At  the  same  time,  the  reshaping  of  hospitals,  in 
combination  with  the  widening  range  of  medical 
interventions,  increases  the  cost  of  treating  all 
patients.  This  has  happened  in  part  because  new 
technologies  (procedures  and  equipment)  in  the 
health  field  have  tended  in  recent  decades  to  raise 
costs  by  making  it  possible  to  do  new  things — such 
as  open  heart  surgery — rather  than  reducing  the 
costs  of  established  interventions — as  when  polio 
vaccines  were  substituted  for  iron  lungs  or,  as  in 
manufacturing,  where  new  capital  investments 
usually  aim  to  lower  production  costs. 

Ironically,  therefore,  physicians'  and  hospitals' 
search  for  the  best  services  has  become  both  the 
enemy  of  the  good  (decent  and  effective  and 
affordable  care  for  all)  and  the  unintended  ally  of  the 
worst  (shrinking  access  for  growing  proportions  of 
our  citizens). 

Medicine  will  not  make  us  immortal,  though  some 
Americans  probably  hope  that  it  will.  But  medicine 


14 


15 


can  and  should  help  to  shape  and  meet  realistic 
expectations.  By  developing  therapies  that  can 
never  be  afforded  equally,  medicine  ceases  to 
reassure;  it  magnifies  insecurity.  Death  that  could 
have  been  postponed  becomes  tragic.  Medical 
progress  must  not  stop;  it  should  be  pointed  in  more 
affordable  directions. 

Hospitals  have  always  competed  for  survival  to 
some  degree.  But  in  the  absence  of  even  a  parody  of 
a  free  and  competitive  market  in  health  care,  the 
results  of  the  four  types  of  hospital  restructuring 
cannot  be  endorsed  automatically.  To  make  this 
judgment,  the  causes  and  impacts  of  the  changes 
must  be  evaluated. 

The  aims  of  this  article  are  to  sketch  the  major 
ways  in  which  urban  hospital  care  has  been 
reshaped  over  the  past  decades,  analyze  the  forces 
responsible,  weigh  the  consequences  of  the  changes 
noted,  and  offer  a  simple  (and  possibly  realistic) 
solution  to  the  entire  problem. 

To  do  this,  we  have  studied  all  of  the  acute  care 
hospitals  of  50  or  more  beds  in  52  large  and  mid-size 
U.S.  cities  from  1937  to  1980.  About  800  pieces  of 
information  were  compiled  on  over  1,100  hospitals. 
(Only  a  few  of  the  more  revealing  pieces  are 
presented  here.) 


Reshaping  and  Its  Causes 

There  have  been  massive  changes  in  the  public 
hospital  sector.  Almost  one-fourth  of  all  public  beds 
were  lost  overall,  including  a  drop  of  two-fifths  in 
Northeast  and  Midwest  cities  in  the  last  two 
decades  alone.  The  public  share  fell  from  one  bed  in 
three  in  1937  to  one  in  seven  in  1980. 

Public  sector  shrinkage  was  appropriate  for  several 
decades  following  the  Second  World  War.  The 
decline  is  apparently  irreversible  today,  even  though 
it  no  longer  makes  any  medical  or  demographic 
sense. 

Until  the  early  1970s,  reductions  in  the  share  of 
public  hospital  beds  were  reasonable  because  need 
for  those  beds  was  declining.  With  improved 
financing  through  work-related  health  insurance. 
Medicare,  or  Medicaid,  former  public  patients 
sought  care  elsewhere.  Chronic  patients  entered 
nursing  homes  and  many  older  or  lower  income 
patients  sought  acute  services  in  voluntary 
hospitals. 

In  recent  years,  however,  construction  of  new 
nursing  home  beds  has  just  about  stopped,  forcing 
chronic  care  patients  to  begin  to  turn  back  to  the 
public  hospitals.  At  the  same  time,  growing 
numbers  of  urban  residents  are  being  deprived  of 
insurance  for  their  acute  care  problems. 
Unfortunately,  cities  and  counties  no  longer  have 
the  money  to  finance  as  much  hospital  care  for  the 


uninsured  as  in  the  past.  Their  principal  source  of 
revenue,  the  property  tax,  has  grown  much  less 
quickly  than  hospital  costs.  Higher  costs  and 
inadequate  revenues  imperil  even  current  levels  of 
public  hospital  service  and  make  it  almost 
impossible  to  admit  many  of  those  patients  being 
displaced  from  voluntary  hospitals  or  nursing 
homes. 

The  decline  in  the  public  hospital  sector  has  been 
paralleled  by  increases  in  voluntary  hospital  beds. 
The  number  of  voluntary  beds  almost  doubled 
between  1937  and  1980  and  the  average  voluntary 
institution  grew  by  almost  90  percent  to  350  beds. 
These  increases  were  not  uniform,  either  across  or 
within  cities.  As  would  be  expected,  beds  increased 
fastest  in  growing  cities. 

But  overall  growth  masks  important  declines. 
Between  1937  and  1980,  a  number  of  hospitals 
equal  to  42  percent  of  those  open  in  1937  closed  or 
relocated,  taking  with  them  over  30  percent  of 
voluntary  hospital  beds.  The  number  of  closings 
and  relocations  increased  steadily  from  decade  to 
decade. 

Given  the  uneven  distribution  of  purchasing  power 
for  health  care  within  most  cities,  successful 
voluntary  hospitals  were  hypothesized  to  be  those 
institutions  able  to  attract  a  sufficent  number  of 
well-insured  patients  and  the  physicians  to  admit 
and  care  for  them.  Larger  and  more  specialized 
medical  school-affiliated  hospitals  were  thought  to 
have  both  greater  ability  and  willingness  to  remain 
open.  Small  institutions,  relying  more  heavily  on 
physicians  in  private  practice,  were  hypothesized  to 
have  found  it  difficult  to  remain  open — especially 
when  located  in  minority  or  low-income 
neighborhoods — if  they  did  not  take  on  many  of  the 
characteristics  of  the  more  successful  hospitals. 

These  theories  were  confirmed  by  analysis  of 
hospital  behavior.  Smaller  and  less  specialized 
institutions  relying  on  physicians  in  private 
practice,  or  located  in  minority  neighborhoods, 
were  routinely  more  likely  to  close  their  doors.  The 
inpatient  or  neighborhood  minority  proportion  was 
usually  the  most  important  factor,  both  in  itself  and 
in  association  with  underinsurance,  low  income,  or 
lack  of  physicians. 

Predictive  equations  employing  these  and  a  few 
other  hospital  characteristics  were  up  to  95  percent 
accurate  in  distinguishing  hospitals  that  remained 
open  from  those  forced  to  close. 

Unexpectedly,  the  hospitals  that  survived  tended  to 
be  located  in  cities  with  more  beds  per  thousand 
citizens.  This  suggests  that  an  oversupply  of  beds 
does  not  itself  cause  closings. 

Many  surviving  voluntary  hospitals  are  also  under 
increasing  financial  pressure.  The  overbuilding  of 
medical  school-affiliated  teaching  hospitals  forces 
these  institutions  to  compete  for  a  shrinking  pool  of 


well-insured  patients.  (These  patients  have  been 
vital  to  hospitals,  especially  when  they  could  be 
charged  above  cost  and  the  resulting  surplus  applied 
to  underwriting  care  for  the  uninsured.)  At  the  same 
time,  the  closing  of  hospitals  serving  large  numbers 
of  minority  and  Medicaid-funded  patients, 
combined  with  growth  in  the  uninsured  population, 
presents  remaining  hospitals  with  the  choice 
between  serving  those  displaced — and  suffering 
greater  deficits — and  denying  care  to  many.  The 
choice  has  not  been  easy  for  individual  hospitals 
because  those  surviving  near  closed  institutions 
have  historically  been  in  poor  financial  condition, 
owing  in  part  to  their  tradition  of  service  to  many 
patients  unable  to  pay.  Nor  is  the  financial  choice 
easy  for  society.  Hospitals  remaining  open  near 
those  that  closed  were  44  percent  more  expensive 
per  admission. 

The  concentration  of  voluntary  beds  in  fewer  and 
larger  medical  school-affiliated  teaching  hospitals 
was  accelerated  by  changes  in  surviving 
institutions.  In  1950,  fewer  than  ten  percent  of  all 
hospitals  (with  below  one-fifth  of  all  beds)  had 
major  medical  school  affiliations.  By  1980,  this 
increased  to  almost  one-third  of  all  hospitals  (with 
almost  one-half  of  all  beds).  Virtually  no  hospitals 
with  major  medical  school  affiliations  closed  or 
relocated,  and  many  institutions  lacking  such 
affiliations  worked  to  secure  them. 

This  was  done  for  several  reasons:  to  upgrade 
quality  of  care  by  adding  interns  and  residents  to 
provide  around-the-clock  coverage  for  the 
increasingly  needy  or  severely  ill  patients  who 
could  be  served  in  hospitals,-  to  meet  the  demands 
of  privately  practicing  physicians  threatening  to 
hospitalize  their  paying  patients  elsewhere  if  they 
did  not  secure  relief  during  evenings  and  weekends; 
and  to  serve  the  growing  numbers  of  urban  residents 
lacking  physicians  who  were  admitted  through  the 
burgeoning  outpatient  departments  and  emergency 
rooms  of  the  hospitals  themselves. 


Consequences 

Even  in  the  absence  of  conclusive  evidence,  the 
impacts  of  hospital  restructuring  demand  more 
careful  scrutiny  and  speculation  than  they  have 
received.  Too  often,  we  have  blandly  equated 
practice  at  medicine's  frontiers  with  quality; 
smallness  with  incompetence;  low  occupancy  rates 
with  low  need;  and  financial  distress  and  closing 
with  mismanagement  or  a  valid  result  of  a  free 
market.  Most  of  these  associations  are  incorrect. 
Those  that  are  accurate  today  are  unaffordable  and 
must  be  modulated  in  ways  that  conserve 
essentials.  If  this  is  not  done,  we  will  be  propelled 
toward  the  abyss  of  massive  and  tragic  denial  of 
needed  services — and  possibly  toward  health  riots 
as  well. 


Effectiveness,  cost,  and  access  are  the  three  major 
dimensions  for  judging  the  impacts  of  hospital 
restructuring.  The  potential  effectiveness  of  the 
surviving  hospitals  in  the  52  cities — measured  by 
the  types  of  useful  care  they  could  competently 
provide — was  probably  greater  in  1980  than  at  any 
earlier  time.  Many  of  the  smaller  hospitals  that 
shut  their  doors  had  undoubtedly  failed  to  offer  care 
that  was  either  at  the  state  of  the  art  or  competently 
delivered. 

But  given  the  cost  of  care  at  surviving  hospitals,  it 
must  be  asked  whether  our  present  structure  is 
desirable.  Regrettably,  care  in  smaller  and  mid-sized 
urban  hospitals  is  viewed  by  many  as  inevitably 
second-class  or  disreputable.  Smaller  hospitals  fail 
to  practice  at  the  frontiers  of  medicine,  but  they 
competently  provide — or  are  capable  of  providing — 
necessary  routine  and  less  specialized  services. 

One-half  of  the  nation's  hospitals  have  fewer  than 
100  beds.  There  is  nothing  inherently  wrong  with 
hospitals  of  this  size,  and  it  should  not  be  necessary 
to  enter  large  hospitals  with  major  medical  school 
affiliations  to  obtain  good  care  for  uncomplicated 
problems.  If  some  smaller  or  mid-sized  urban 
hospitals  now  provide  inadequate  care,  this  is  likely 
to  be  owing  to  the  caliber  of  the  physicians 
attracted  or  relegated  to  practice  there,  or  to 
insufficient  funding.  Closing  of  these  institutions  is 
not  likely  to  increase  either  physician  skills  or 
funding  of  care  for  their  patients. 

The  perception  that  good  care  for  any  problem  is 
possible  only  in  the  best  and  most  expensive 
hospitals  must  be  combatted.  The  best  way  to  do  so 
is  to  upgrade  the  effectiveness  and  technical 
competence  of  smaller  hospitals — not  to  close  or 
ignore  them.  These  institutions  may  possess 
inherent  advantages  in  treating  problems  that 
respond  in  part  to  rest,  good  food,  and  attentive 
nursing.  All  of  these  can  be  difficult  to  secure  in  a 
high-powered  teaching  hospital. 

In  Boston,  which  now  experiences  the  highest 
hospital  cost  per  admission  in  the  nation — largely 
because  it  has  gone  furthest  toward  concentrating 
care  in  medical  school-affiliated  teaching 
hospitals — the  Harvard  Community  Health  Plan, 
the  largest  pre-paid  group  practice  in  the  state,  has 
taken  over  a  100-bed  hospital  in  which  to  serve 
inexpensively  those  of  its  members  who  require 
only  routine  inpatient  care. 

Changes  in  urban  hospital  structure  have  worked  to 
increase  costs.  Surviving  hospitals  located  near 
those  that  closed  are  much  more  expensive.  As 
increasing  proportions  of  urban  patients  are  forced 
into  specialized  teaching  hospitals,  they  may 
receive  care  that  is  more  esoteric  and  costly  than 
they  need. 

Patients  can  even  be  charged  above  the  cost  of  the 
expensive  care  they  do  receive,  especially  when 
they  have  relatively  uncomplicated  problems  such 


16 


as  appendicitis.  The  overcharge  is,  in  effect,  apphed 
to  subsidizing  the  cost  of  very  expensive  and 
sophisticated  interventions  such  as  organ 
transplants.  The  resulting  lower  apparent  price  of 
these  interventions  probably  leads  us  to  undertake 
more  of  them  than  we  would  if  we  knew  their  true 
costs. 

This  deflection  of  funds  towards  the  frontiers  of 
medicine  is  often  central  to  the  interests  of  many 
urban  physicians  and  hospital  administrators,  and 
some  patients.  Such  spending  on  dramatic  and 
highly  specialized  care  may  be  appropriate,  but  it 
should  be  evaluated  on  its  merits  and  in 
comparison  to  competing  aims — such  as  universal 
financial  access  to  all  routine  and  demonstrably 
effective  physician,  hospital,  and  long-term  care. 

Access  to  care  has  suffered  not  only  through  higher 
cost,  but  through  reduced  convenience  as  well. 
Provider  proximity  is  particularly  important  to 
patients  unable  to  telephone  a  private  physician. 
Our  well-distributed  networks  of  urban  health 
services  have  been  undermined.  More  beds  and 
other  facilities  are  being  concentrated  in  fewer 
hospitals. 

Hospitals  have  closed  disproportionately  in  heavily 
minority  and  lower  income  areas.  Both  ambulatory 
and  inpatient  services  therefore  become  less 
convenient.  Access  to  ambulatory  care  is 
particularly  compromised  because  patients  are 
usually  reluctant  to  travel  considerable  distances 
for  a  physician  visit,  and  because  minority  citizens 
rely  two  and  one-half  times  as  heavily  on  outpatient 
departments  as  whites.  Further,  the  remaining 
physicians  in  private  practice  in  the  neighborhood 
around  a  closed  hospital,  deprived  of  their 
organizational  base,  are  more  prone  to  retire  or 
relocate  their  practices.  Community  health  centers, 
an  alternative  source  of  ambulatory  care,  have 
typically  been  located  in  the  same  types  of  areas  as 
hospitals  that  have  closed  or  are  vulnerable  to 
future  closing;  but  as  noted  earlier,  many  of  these 
centers  are  themselves  threatened. 

The  convenience  of  inpatient  service  has  also  been 
reduced,  particularly  in  large  districts  of  cities  from 
which  most  or  all  hospitals  have  closed  or 
relocated.  North  St.  Louis  is  probably  the  most 
striking  example.  Extensive  sections  of  south 
Atlanta,  west  Philadelphia,  and  parts  of  New  York 
also  illustrate  this  problem.  Too  few  organizations 
with  stakes  in  promoting  or  providing  ambulatory 
or  inpatient  care  remain  in  these  areas. 

A  decline  in  the  rate  of  hospital  use  by  minority  and 
Medicaid-funded  patients  has  been  noted  in  the  52 
cities  during  the  past  decade — even  prior  to  Reagan- 
era  budget  cuts.  This  decline  is  likely  to  continue. 

More  money  will  be  needed  to  retain  and  rebuild 
necessary  services:  to  upgrade  smaller  hospitals,  to 
finance  care  for  the  uninsured,  and  to  improve  the 
skills  of  unqualified  doctors  and  other  workers. 


The  well-to-do  have  always  helped  to  pay  for  care  of 
the  less  well-off  in  this  country,  but  traditional 
arrangements  for  doing  this  have  collapsed.  The 
purchasing  power  of  the  philanthropic  dollar  in 
health  care  is  vanishing.  Intra-hospital  subsidy 
from  wealthier  patients  to  poorer  is  insufficient, 
unreliable,  and  under  strong  attack  from  those 
charged  above  cost  (and  by  their  insurors).  Subsidy 
by  severity  of  diagnosis  has  begun  to  supplant  that 
by  patient  financial  need.  Some  hospitals  located  in 
more  affluent  areas  have  generously  channelled 
surplus  revenues  to  affiliated,  needy  institutions, 
but  these  gifts  are  inadequate.  Direct  public  action 
is  therefore  required  to  urge  delineation  of  hospital 
care  that  is  affordable  for  all — and  then  to  mobilize 
the  sums  necessary  to  pay  for  that  care. 


A  Simple  Solution 


The  first  step  is  to  legislate  health  insurance 
coverage  for  all  Americans,  a  proposal  that  was 
seriously  considered  as  recently  as  the  early  1970s 
but  was  deferred  until  the  rate  of  increase  in  cost 
was  controlled.  In  retrospect,  this  apparently 
sensible  postponement  was  a  mistake,  since  cost 
control  may  be  possible  only  when  there  is  a 
concomitant  commitment  to  universal  access. 
Hospitals  absorbed  huge  spending  increases  during 
the  1970s  without  improving  access 
commensurately 

Separate  developments  in  public  hospitals  and  in 
the  state  of  Maryland  indicate  ways  in  which 
universal  access  and  responsible  cost  control  are 
allies,  not  enemies. 

In  times  of  city  and  county  fiscal  austerity,  local 
public  hospitals  have,  in  effect,  been  obliged  to  try 
to  finance  unrestricted  access  to  care  within  fixed 
budgets.  This  has  doubtless  reduced  effectiveness 
and  decency  of  care  in  some  instances,  sometimes 
to  unacceptable  levels.  But  local  public  hospitals 
showed  lower  rates  of  increase  in  cost  per 
admission  during  the  1970s  than  voluntary 
nonprofit  or  proprietary  institutions.  Only  in  the 
public  sector  did  occupancy  rates  rise.  By  these  two 
measures,  public  hospitals  became  more  efficient  in 
response  to  the  combined  pressures  to  guarantee 
access  and  limit  costs. 

Maryland  has  instituted  a  pioneering  method  of 
promoting  access  while  controlling  all  hospitals' 
costs.  All  hospitals  must  submit  to  strict  budget 
review  and  then  adhere  to  rigid  revenue  ceilings.  At 
the  same  time,  all  needed  hospitals,  including  those 


serving  high  proportions  of  uninsured  patients,  are 
assured  of  financial  security.  The  state  accomphshes 
this  by  permitting  hospitals  to  charge  all  insured 
patients  at  a  rate  which  covers  the  cost  of  serving 
the  uninsured.  In  effect,  this  disguised  tax  finances 
something  approaching  a  state  program  of  universal 
hospital  insurance.  Medicare,  Medicaid,  Blue  Cross, 
and  other  insurers  agreed  to  pay  the  tax  because 
they  were  impressed  by  the  effectiveness  of 
Maryland's  cost  control  program. 


Just  as  universal  financing  in  some  form  is  needed 
to  ensure  access,  and  as  fixed  budgets  are  necessary 
to  control  costs,  so  should  these  budgets  be 
provided  to  accountable  providers  in  order  to  help 
allocate  the  right  services  to  the  right  patients. 

These  providers  could  include  hospitals,  health 
maintenance  organizations,  and  perhaps  other 
entities.  They  would  undertake  to  provide  a  broadly 
defined  package  of  services  for  a  specific  group  of 
people  at  a  set  cost.  Health  maintenance 
organizations,  especially  prepaid  group  practices 
such  as  the  Kaiser  plans,  have  done  this  for  decades. 
Hospitals  are  developing  interest  in  this  approach. 
They  should  over  time  become  increasingly  willing 
to  accept  fixed  budgets  and  accountability  for 
certain  patients  in  exchange  for  stable  and  adequate 
financing  for  defined  responsibilities. 

All  accountable  providers  that  agree  to  deliver  care 
to  a  defined  population  at  a  fixed  price  should  have 
clear  incentives  to  work  efficiently  to  eliminate 
ineffective,  unnecessary,  or  incompetent  services. 
Safeguards  against  beating  the  system  by  under 
serving  patients  or  "creaming"  by  enrolling  only 
healthier  members  should  be  devised. 

When  needs  exceed  resources,  as  they  invariably  do, 
equitable  and  smooth-running  mechanisms  for 
making  allocations  are  desirable.  Today,  health 
services  are  rationed  quietly — though  not  always 
equitably — largely  by  ability  to  pay  and  physician 
decision.  There  has  been  little  concern  about  cost. 
Until  recently,  higher  costs  have  been  passed 
through  to  insurors,  who  in  turn  raised  premiums. 
This  irresponsible  era  is  passing. 

Charged  with  ensuring  access  within  fixed  budgets, 
accountable  provider  organizations  would  have  to 
ration  care  by  different  principles,  such  as 
effectiveness  and  equal  affordability.  Given  the 
difficulty  of  judging  the  effectiveness  of  many 
services  today,  ability  to  afford  a  given  therapy  for 
all  in  need  would  be  a  useful  initial  guide.  Possibly, 
there  is  enough  fat  in  the  $300  billion  we  now 
spend  annually  on  health  care  to  finance  equally  all 
but  the  most  marginally  effective  or  catastrophically 
expensive  services. 

Understandable  physician  preference  to  emphasize 
specialized  and  dramatic  services  would  persist.  But 
the  requirement  of  equal  access  would  spur 
systematic  investigation  of  the  degree  to  which 


different  patients  would  benefit  from  various 
interventions.  It  would  also  place  the  engine  of 
scientific  curiosity  squarely  on  the  track  of  equally 
affordable  care.  It  will  check  the  proliferation  of 
potentially  more  effective  but  inherently  unequally 
affordable  therapies — of  which  the  artificial  heart  is 
only  the  most  tragic  of  false  hopes. 


First  steps  are  being  taken  in  these  directions. 
Representatives  of  hospitals  that  face  closing  or 
financial  crisis  because  they  are  committed  to 
serving  high  proportions  of  low-income,  minority, 
or  uninsured  patients  are  becoming  more  effective 
advocates  of  adequate  federal  support  for  these 
patients.  Continuing  cuts  by  public  and  private 
health  insurors  will  give  additional  hospitals  reason 
to  do  this. 

Hospitals  that  reshape  themselves  to  provide 
effective  and  coordinated  ambulatory  and  inpatient 
services  to  their  communities  at  reasonable  cost 
will  buttress  their  appeals  for  federal  support.  They 
will  be  able  to  survive  financially  if  adequately 
capitalized  and  if  public  and  private  insurors  reward 
their  lower  costs  with  adequate  reimbursement. 
(The  state  of  California  has  recently  spurred 
hospitals  to  do  this.)  Hospitals  will  be  able  to 
survive  medically  without  teaching  programs  or 
medical  school  affiliations  by  hiring  some  of  the 
physicians  who  are  coming  into  over-supply  and 
who  declare  themselves  willing  to  work  for  salary. 

If  enough  urban  hospitals  do  this,  post-medical 
school  physician  education  could  be  restructured  to 
meet  more  of  the  needs  of  society  at  large  and  fewer 
of  those  of  the  teaching  hospitals  that  now  believe 
they  must  exploit  the  apparently  cheap  labor  of 
residents. 


Like  the  auto  industry,  American  health  care 
providers  have  pursued  their  long-run  self-interest 
about  as  effectively  as  a  lemming. 

Unlike  the  auto  industry,  urban  hospitals  do  not 
face  foreign  competition.  Still,  they  suffer  shrinking 
markets  because  they  have  chosen — partly  in 
response  to  patient  pressure — to  deliver  services 
that  are  increasingly  unaffordable.  They  could  react 
by  over-serving  fewer  well  insured  patients — by 
building  Cadillacs  and  Imperials  for  a  few. 

The  auto  industry  began  to  build  sturdy  and  fuel 
efficient  compacts  only  in  response  to  OPEC, 
Japanese  pressure,  and  federal  mandates.  What  will 
be  required  to  oblige  hospitals  to  imitate  General 
Motors? 


Brandeis  Group  Visits      China 


1.  Dean  Carter  vvit/i  Ms.  Chao,  a  research 
associate  of  the  China  Association  of  La- 
bor Sciences. 

2.  President  Bernstein  in  front  of  the  card 
catalog  in  the  library  of  Bejing  Universi- 
ty- 

3.  Dean  Altman  raising  a  toast  with  the  ex- 
ecutive assistant  to  the  President  of  Fu- 
dan  University  and  Mr.  Lao. 

4.  Professor  Leonard  Hausman  with  Mr. 
Lao,  director  of  foreign  affairs  at  the  Chi- 
na Association  of  Labor  Sciences. 


President  Marver  H.  Bernstein  and 
several  University  administrators 
visited  the  People's  Republic  of  China 
in  December,  at  the  special  invitation 
of  that  government. 

The  trip,  initiated  by  Heller  School 
economist  Leonard  J.  Hausman, 
provided  a  rare  opportunity  for 
American  academicians  to  learn 
firsthand  how  Chinese  social  policy 
operates  in  the  area  of  human 
services. 

In  addition  to  President  Bernstein  and 
Professor  Hausman,  the  Brandeis 
group  invited  to  China  by  its 
Association  of  Labor  Sciences 
included  Dean  of  the  Faculty  Anne  P. 
Carter,  an  expert  on  international 
economics,  and  Dean  of  the  Heller 
School  Stuart  H.  Altman,  a  leading 
health  care  economist. 


During  their  17-day  visit  to  China, 
they  spoke  to  leading  government 
officials  of  the  Ministries  of  Labor  and 
Health  and  members  of  the  Academy 
of  Social  Sciences  and  the  Association 
of  Labor  Sciences,  institutions 
composed  of  scholars  and 
practitioners  interested  m  social 
welfare  issues.  The  Brandeis  group 
also  presented  lectures  in  their  fields 
of  expertise  at  the  Universities  of 
Peking  and  Shanghai.  President 
Bernstein  spoke  on  "The  American 
Higher  Education  System,"  Dean 
Altman  addressed  health  care  policies 
and  costs.  Dean  Carter  focused  on 
economic  development  and 
technological  change  and  Professor 
Hausman  discussed  the 
transformation  of  American's  social 
welfare  system. 


"The  People's  Republic  is  anxious  to 
learn  how  our  society  is  dealing  with 
the  problems  of  aging, 
unemployment,  health  care  and  other 
socio-economic  concerns,"  President 
Bernstein  said.  "We  regard  it  as  a 
special  privilege  to  have  been  invited 
by  the  Chinese  government  to 
exchange  ideas  and  views  with  official 
representatives  of  a  nation  that  has 
become  a  major  political  force  on  the 
world  stage." 

Professor  Hausman  added  that  the  trip 
to  China  marked  an  attempt  by 
Brandeis  to  develop  scholarly  and 
professional  exchanges  between  the 
liberal  arts  university  and  Chinese 
educational  institutions.  "We  now 
look  forward  to  a  reciprocal  visit  to 
Brandeis  in  late  April  by  leading 
officials  from  the  China  Association 
of  Labor  Sciences  and  the  Ministry  of 
Labor  and  Personnel.  We  hope  that 
this  is  the  beginning  of  a  mutually 
rewarding  intellectual  exchange." 


Evangelical  Politics  . 


Disruptive  But  Not  Deadly 


by  Stephen  J.  Whitfield 


Stephen  J.  Whitfield. 

associate  professor  of  American 

Studies,  is  the  author  of 

Scott  Nearing: 

Apostle  of  American 

Radicalism  and 

Into  the  Dark: 

Hannah  Arendt 

and  Totalitarianism. 


The  latter  book  was  the 
first  winner  of  the 
Kayden  Prize  (1981) 
for  best  book  in  the 
humanities  published  by 
an  American  academic 
press. 


One  of  the  most  striking  features  of  American  politics  m 
recent  years  has  been  the  impact  of  the  right  wing, 
frequently  associated  with  evangelical  Christians  who 
seek  to  mix  religion  and  politics  in  explicit  and  deliberate 
ways.  Its  proponents  helped  secure  for  Ronald  Reagan  the 
nomination  of  the  Republican  Party  in  1980,  and  later  that 
year  they  helped  send  the  incumbent  back  on  that 
midnight  train  to  Georgia.  Such  activists  have  targeted  the 
defeat  of  liberal  and  moderate  candidates  on  the  state  and 
local  level,  and  they  have  put  on  the  defensive  politicians 
who  admit  to  having  been  born  only  once.  The  recent 
riptide  of  conservatism  ensured  the  destruction  of  the 
Equal  Rights  Amendment  in  state  legislatures  and  has 
substituted  abortion  for  race  as  perhaps  the  most  searing 
moral  issue  in  domestic  politics. 

The  activists  of  the  New  Right  are  thus  involved  deeply, 
though  not  decisively,  in  the  issues  that  may  characterize 
the  1980s  and  perhaps  beyond.  They  will  be  helping  to 
define  the  terms  on  which  politicians  may  be  elected,  the 
limits  within  which  officials  may  feel  obliged  to  work,  the 
cases  which  will  be  decided  in  our  appellate  courts.  This  is 
a  movement  whose  influence  would  threaten  values  which 
the  American  public  culture  ought  to  sponsor  and  defend. 

When  Reverend  Dan  C.  Fore,  the  New  York  state  chairman 
of  the  Moral  Majority  announced  that  "God  is  an  ultra- 
conservative,"  he  was  challenging,  however  unwittingly, 
the  traditional  response  of  the  American  political  system 
to  intense  religious  conviction.  Piety  has  never  been 
absent  from  our  national  life,  and  voters  have  often  been 
addressed  by  candidates  so  manifestly  devout  that  they 
seemed  to  regard  the  White  House  itself  as  merely  a 
stepping-stone.  But  other  politicians  have  perceived  the 
dangers  that  tenacity  of  religious  belief  has  posed  to  the 
already  robust  dialogue  of  American  self-government  and 
have  sensed  the  menace  that  militant  theology  could 
present  to  national  harmony  and  civility. 


In  this  respect  the  record  of  the  Eisenhower  administration 
can  be  taken  as  illustrative.  For  it  was  during  that  era  that 
the  phrase  "under  God"  was  inserted  in  the  Pledge  of 
Allegiance,  and  "in  God  we  trust"  was  printed  on 
American  money  and  also  became  the  motto  of  a  postage 
stamp.  On  the  first  Independence  Day  of  Eisenhower's 
administration,  he  urged  his  fellow  citizens  to  devote  that 
Fourth  of  July  to  prayer  and  penance.  Yet  it  must  be  added 
that  Ike  himself,  whom  one  observer  described  as  "a 
fervent  believer  in  a  very  vague  religion,"  set  a  most 
peculiar  example.  That  Fourth  of  July  according  to  one 
journalist,  the  President  "caught  four  fish  in  the  morning, 
played  18  holes  of  golf  in  the  afternoon,  and  spent  the 
evening  at  the  bridge  table."  Thus  religion  was  supposed  to 
matter  to  Americans — but  not  too  much. 

Such  is  the  heritage  which  the  resurgent  right  wing,  with 
Its  combustible  mixture  of  religion  and  politics,  is  seeking 
to  alter.  For  example,  its  Human  Life  Statute — perhaps  in 
the  form  of  a  prelude  to  a  Constitutional  amendment — 
would  outflank  the  Supreme  Court's  majority  opinion  in 
Roe  V.  Wade.  The  justices  on  that  occasion  were  candid 
enough  to  admit  that  they  could  not  define  when  life 
begins.  The  New  Right  wishes  to  rectify  such  ignorance,  in 
accordance  with  Catholic  doctrine,  which  teaches  that  life 
begins  at  conception.  That  religious  definition,  rather  than 
any  scientific  interest,  animates  the  sponsors  of  the 
Human  Life  proposal.  The  New  Right  seems  equally  sure 
of  when  the  universe  originated,  as  well  as  life  on  this 
planet;  and  it  has  sought  to  require  the  teaching  of 
"creationist"  theory  in  the  public  schools  along  with 
Darwinism  and  current  astronomical  knowledge.  The 
"creationist"  theory  is  derived  from,  or  is  intended  to  be 
made  compatible  with,  a  reading  of  scripture  (despite 
differing  accounts  in  Genesis  of  how  and  when  woman 
was  created).  Such  fundamentalist  views  have  already 
produced  political  consequences.  In  March  1981  the 
governor  of  Arkansas,  who  had  described  his  election  as  "a 
victory  for  the  Lord,"  signed  into  law  a  bill — which  he  had 


21  not  read — requiring  the  teaching  of  "creationism"  along 
with  conventional  "evolution  theory"  in  the  public 
schools.  The  aim  of  the  legislation  was  quite  explicitly  to 
"prevent  establishment  of  theologically  liberal,  humanist, 
nontheist  or  atheist  (sic|  religions."  Though  struck  down 
last  January  by  a  federal  judge  in  Little  Rock,  Arkansas, 
"creationism"  has  been  sanctioned  by  a  more  subtle 
Louisiana  state  legislature,  which  has  more  artfully 
disguised  the  religious  roots  of  this  new  educational 
requirement. 

It  is  disturbing  enough  to  consider  what  further  damage 
the  instruction  of  pseudo-biology  and  pseudo-geology  can 
do  to  an  already-battered  public  school  system.  It  is  also 
obvious  enough  that  no  foe  of  fundamentalism  is  obliged 
to  defend  any  particular  set  of  scientific  views,  which 
historically  have  often  been  proven  to  be  erroneous 
(although  scientific  methods  authorize  the  hope  that 
mistakes  can  be  corrected).  "Science  has  proof  without  any 
certainty,"  one  anthropologist  has  written,  but 
"creationists  have  certainty  without  any  proof."  But  what 
is  most  significant  is  the  challenge  that  such  victories  for 
the  Lord  represent  in  a  political  arena  designed  to  include 
citizens  of  all  persuasions.  The  law  ought  not  to  compel 
everyone,  in  a  system  subsidized  by  the  taxes  of  heretics 
and  the  unchurched  as  well,  to  pay  attention  to  the  beliefs 
of  a  particular  religious  group.  Citizens  offended  by  The 
Origin  of  Species  are  not  required  to  enroll  their  children  in 
the  public  schools,  and  in  their  parochial  and  private 
academies  they  may — if  they  wish — teach  that  the  earth  is 
flat.  But  so  long  as  public  schools  in  a  pluralistic  society 
see  fit  to  offer  instruction  in  biology,  they  ought  not  to 
yield  to  sectarian  pressure  to  disseminate  religious 
doctrine  camouflaged  as  scientific  theory. 

The  analogy  holds  with  respect  to  the  ticklish  and  terrible 
issue  of  abortion,  a  surgical  procedure  toward  which 
anyone  with  humane  instincts  should  be  at  best 
ambivalent.  Those  who  condemn  it  ordinarily  derive 
inspiration  from  religious  teachings,  and  the  state  should 
not  prevent  them  from  expressing  their  abhorrence  in  any 
peaceful  manner.  Opponents  of  abortion  remain  free  to 
deny  that  option  to  themselves.  But  in  attempting  to 
prohibit  others  from  exercising  their  rights,  in  summoning 
the  police  power  and  the  criminal  sanction  of  the 
government,  the  so-called  pro-life  forces  strike  at  the  core 
of  religious  liberty.  Some  faiths  and  creeds  do  not  forbid 
abortion;  and  in  any  event  our  society  has  to 
accommodate  everyone,  not  only  the  philoprogenitive.  On 
this  issue  at  least,  even  the  Moral  Majority  itself  is  a 
misnomer,  since  the  ABC-Harris  polls  disclosed  that  60% 
of  the  American  public  favors  the  freedom  of  choice 
principle  enunciated  in  Roe  v.  Wade.  In  this  instance  the 
Moral  Majority  is  attempting  to  impose  a  minority 
position,  though  it  is  a  sign  of  the  political  effectiveness  of 
the  far  right's  lobbying  effort  that  Senator  Strom 
Thurmond,  who  supports  the  right  to  abortion  in  cases  of 
rape  and  incest,  is  beginning  to  look  like  a  moderate. 

Perhaps  no  other  issue  reveals  so  strikingly  what  the  New 
Right  embodies  and  the  values  it  sanctions.  For  opponents 
of  freedom  of  choice  are  also  commonly  found  among 
those  who  also  rejected  the  Equal  Rights  Amendment  for 
women,  and  that  demonstrates  a  certain  consistency.  For  a 
teenager  or  a  young  woman,  coerced  into  giving  birth  to  an 


unwanted  child,  will  irrevocably  change  her  life,  and  will 
thus  be  denied  the  same  autonomy  and  freedom  that  the 
father  of  her  child  might  enjoy.  But  inconsistencies  haunt 
this  particular  cause  as  well.  Those  who  claim  that 
abortion  is  murder  and  must  therefore  be  forbidden  rarely 
object  when  young,  "innocent"  life  is  also  taken  in 
warfare;  few  Protestant  fundamentalists  or  Roman 
Catholics  are  pacifists.  Nor  are  they  usually  found  in  the 
ranks  of  those  who  wish  to  eliminate  capital  punishment; 
pro-life  activists  do  not  object  on  principle  when  the 
hangman  rather  than  a  physician  takes  a  human  life. 
Rarely  have  the  champions  of  the  human  life  statute 
mailed  appeals  opposing  the  arms  race  or  asking  for  foreign 
aid  to  reduce  starvation  and  disease  in  the  Third  World. 

The  dream  of  a  pluralistic  polity  which  maximizes 
opportunity  is  tarnished  when  freedom  of  choice  is  denied 
to  pregnant  women,  when  prayer  and  scriptural  versions  of 
cosmogony  are  introduced  into  the  public  schools,  when 
sin  is  discovered  in  books,  when  pohtical  debate  becomes 
overloaded  with  a  religious  charge.  The  current  drive  on 
the  far  right  to  infuse  the  responsibilities  of  self- 
government  with  the  passions  of  faith  challenges  what  is 
most  promising  and  perhaps  most  essential  in  the 
American  experiment  itself — what  Jefferson  called  "an 
empire  of  reason." 

But  a  principled  opposition  to  political  fundamentalism 
need  not  tap  unwarranted  anxieties  and  inflated  fears  that 
this  empire  of  reason  is  endangered;  and  in  liberal  precincts 
the  power  of  the  New  Right  has  sometimes  been  rather 
overstated.  For  every  viewer  of  Reverend  Falwell's  Old- 
Time  Gospel  Hour,  five  or  six  Americans  are  watching  the 
feminist  and  liberal-spirited  Phil  Donahue  Show.  Falwell's 
program  is  only  the  sixth  most  popular  of  the  syndicated 
evangelical  programs,  the  so-called  stations  of  the  cross; 
and  of  the  top  ten,  his  is  perhaps  the  only  one  with  an 
explicit  political  message.  More  Americans  have  watched 
M.A.S.H.  every  week  than  tuned  in  to  all  the  "electronic 
churches"  combined.  Even  in  the  1980  elections,  only  II 
percent  of  those  who  actually  voted  for  Reagan  did  so 
primarily  because  of  his  conservative  ideology.  There  are 
good  reasons  to  suspect  that,  whipsawed  between  high 
crime  rates  and  high  prime  rates,  embittered  by  stagnation 
at  home  and  humiliation  abroad,  most  voters  in  1980 
sought  change  rather  than  associate  membership  in  the 
Moral  Majority.  Since  then  the  legislative  achievements  of 
the  New  Right  have  been  very  limited,  and  its  agenda  has 
received  very  little  judicial  sanction.  For  the  ambitions  and 
the  desire  for  repression  of  these  activists  are  less  extensive 
and  less  formidable  than  earlier  manifestations  in 
American  history  of  political  fundamentalism,  and  liberal 
segments  of  Christianity  and  in  the  general  community 
are  far  stonger  than  were  their  predecessors  who  combatted 
nineteenth-century  nativists  and  the  Ku  Klux  Klan.  The 
New  Right  threatens  no  one's  freedom  of  worship  and  does 
not  countenance  violence,  though  its  capacity  for 
considerable  disruption  can  hardly  be  discounted.  Civil 
libertarians  like  to  say  that  their  victories  are  never  final, 
that  their  struggle  never  ceases.  And  so  long  as  the 
American  political  culture — with  its  stress  on  compromise 
and  conciliation  and  its  indifference  to  theology — cannot 
satisfy  the  spiritual  hungers  that  many  citizens  feel,  a 
climate  will  exist  in  which  evangelical  politics  may  be 
nourished. 


Music  at  Brandeis 


Hits  the  Right  Notes 


The  sounds  of  Chopin,  Schubert  and 
Haydn  float  from  the  basement 
practice  rooms  of  Slosberg  Music 
Center,  providing  a  never-ending 
concert  for  passers-by.  In  classrooms 
upstairs,  students  from  a  wide  range 
of  academic  disciplines  listen  intently 
as  distinguished  scholars  and 
musicians  discuss  harmony, 
counterpoint,  tonal  analysis  and 
music  history. 

Across  campus,  in  the  Goldfarb 
Library,  audio  equipment  gives 
students  access  to  musical  recordings 
both  for  leisure  listening  and  serious 
analysis.  Though  better  known  for  its 
dramatic  productions,  Spingold 
Theater  also  plays  host  to  many 
musical  events,  including  the  comic 
operas  of  the  Gilbert  and  Sullivan 
Society  and  the  annual  Louis 
Armstrong  Memorial  lazz  Concerts 
(fast  becoming  a  Brandeis  tradition). 
Elsewhere  on  campus,  in  Usdan 
Student  Center  and  in  the  Three 
Chapels,  audiences  respond  to  the 
beat  of  different  drummers:  student 
rock  bands,  the  Gospel  Choir,  voice 
recitals  as  well  as  a  burgeoning 
number  of  small  chamber  music 
ensembles. 

Music  at  Brandeis  is  anything  but 
low-key;  its  pace  since  the 
University's  inception  anything  but 
adagio.  Within  the  first  year  of  the 
University's  founding,  music  assumed 
a  pivotal  role  in  campus  life;  35  years 
later  the  same  vitality  remains  in 
evidence. 

Today  the  graduate  program  in  music 
at  Brandeis  ranks  among  the  top  ten 
private  universities  in  the  country. 
Designed  to  provide  a  command  of 
composition  and  an  understanding  of 
the  nature,  structure  and  historical 
development  of  music,  the  graduate 
program  includes  intensive  study  in 
both  composition  and  musicology. 
Students  excel  in  musical 
competitions  and  frequently  receive 
academic  recognition  through  Sachar 
International  Fellowships,  Rockefeller 
Grants  and  DAAD  awards  given  by 
the  German  government,  and  each 
year,  Brandeis  students  study  abroad 
on  such  grants. 

In  keeping  with  the  liberal  arts 
philosophy  of  the  University,  the 
undergraduate  music  program  offers  a 
broad  perspective  emphasizing 
musical  history,  theory  and 


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23  performance.  Students  examine  the 
styles,  forms  and  compositional 
techniques  of  Western  music  in  its 
cultural  and  historical  context.  They 
also  receive  training  in  basic 
musicianship  along  with  the  more 
specific  skills  required  for  musical 
analysis  and  composition.  For 
students  with  special  performing 
interests  not  represented  by  its  faculty, 
the  department  offers  scholarships  for 
outside  study  with  a  teacher  of  the 
student's  choice.  The  Boston  area, 
rich  in  highly  qualified  instructors, 
makes  this  private  study  option 
particularly  attractive. 

The  Brandeis  Music  Department  is 
not  a  conservatory;  a  simple  fact 
easily  obscured.  Like  a  conservatory, 
the  department  makes  individual 
music  instruction  available  to  its 
students  and  fosters  a  wealth  of 
performing  activity,  yet  it  does  so 
within  the  framework  of  a  bachelor  of 
arts  curriculum,  with  the  added 
benefit  of  a  nationally  recognized 
graduate  program. 

Approximately  40  students  are 
currently  involved  at  various  stages  of 
their  graduate  music  education  at 
Brandeis,  while  undergraduate  music 
concentrators  number  close  to  25.  But 
these  figures  fail  to  capture  the  true 
impact  of  music  at  the  University. 
Many  of  the  department's  courses, 
most  of  its  facilities,  and  all  of  its 
performing  organizations  are  open  to 
interested  students  from  the  campus- 
at-large.  And  nearly  every  week, 
graduate  and  undergraduate  non- 
concentrators,  residents  from 
surrounding  communities,  and  faculty 
members  enjoy,  perhaps  even  take  an 
active  role  in,  a  wide  variety  of  Music 
Department-sponsored  events. 

The  offerings  are  plentiful.  The 
department  gave  67  concerts  last  year 
including  a  Wednesday  noon  series  at 
the  Usdan  Student  Center  and  an 
evening  series  at  the  Slosberg  Music 
Center.  This  year,  within  an  18 -day 
period  in  December  alone,  there  were 
11  concerts  from  which  to  choose. 

And  choose  they  do.  Audiences  enjoy 
listening  to  student  vocal  and 
instrumental  chamber  music  recitals 
along  with  performances  by 
distinguished  members  of  the  music 
faculty  and  numerous  guest  artists. 
The  Brandeis  Symphony  Orchestra, 
directed  in  years  past  by  David  Hoose 
and  this  year  by  Anthony  Princiotti, 
presents  works  by  Dvorak, 


Tchaikovsky,  Beethoven,  Schubert 
and  Haydn.  Three  choirs  currently 
perform  around  campus:  the  60- 
member  Brandeis  Chorus  and  the 
smaller  Chamber  Choir,  both 
conducted  by  Professor  James  Olesen; 
and  Polyhymnia,  a  new  18-member 
group  under  the  direction  of  Professor 
Alejandro  Planchart,  sang  Renaissance 
madrigals  during  its  premiere  concert 
last  November.  Other  musical  groups 
include  the  Brandeis  Jazz  Ensemble, 
directed  by  doctoral  candidate  Ross 
Bauer,  which  gives  biannual  concerts 
at  Brandeis  and  appears  at  colleges 
throughout  the  region.  The 
Renaissance  Wind  Band,  under  the 
direction  of  artist-in-residence 
Timothy  Aarset,  plays  Renaissance 
music  using  replicas  of  early  music 
instruments.  Early  music  is  also 
performed  by  another  University 
ensemble,  the  Viol  Consort,  under  the 
direction  of  artist-in-residence  Sarah 
Mead. 

The  most  visible  performing 
ensemble  around  campus  is  the 
Lydian  String  Quartet,  now  in  its  third 
year  in  residence  at  Brandeis. 
Described  by  The  Boston  Globe  as  "a 
superb  young  ensemble,"  and  by  The 
New  York  Times  as  having  ".  .  . 
authority  and  energy.  .  . ,"  the  Lydian 
String  Quartet,  composed  of  violinists 
Judith  Eissenberg  and  Wilma  Smith; 
violinist  Mary  Ruth  Ray;  and  cellist 
Rhonda  Rider,  has  coached 
extensively  with  Robert  Koff  who  was 
most  active  in  its  formation.  The 
group  won  three  major  prizes  last  May 
at  the  International  String  Quartet 
competition  in  Evian,  France.  In 
addition  to  regular  performances  on 
campus  where  they  frequently 
present,  along  with  the  standard 
quartet  repertoire,  music  written  by 
Brandeis  graduate  composition 
students  or  by  Brandeis  faculty 
members,  the  quartet's  members 
serve  as  chamber  music  coaches, 
private  instrumental  instructors,  and 
as  section  leaders  and  soloists  with 
the  Brandeis  Symphony  Orchestra. 

Away  from  campus,  the  Lydian  String 
Quartet  has  performed  extensively  in 
the  Boston  area  where  the  group 
already  has  a  substantial  and  growing 
following.  Explains  Lydian  cellist 
Riionda  Rider,  "Boston  doesn't  have 
many  string  quartets  that  rehearse 
and  play  consistently.  It's  nice  to  see 
familiar  faces  in  our  audiences, 
knowing  these  people  love  chamber 
music  and  enjoy  our  concerts." 


In  addition  to  local  performances,  the 
Lydian  String  Quartet  will  play  for 
audiences  in  California,  Oregon  and 
Tennessee  during  the  upcoming 
months.  The  four  young  women  look 
forward  to  giving  these  concerts 
because,  as  violinist  Mary  Ruth  Ray 
contends,  they  are  a  valuable  source  of 
exposure  not  only  for  the  individual 
musicians  and  the  quartet 
collectively,  but  also  for  the 
University.  Such  visibility  and 
recognition  is  important  in  attracting 
music  students  to  Brandeis. 

Perhaps  the  highest  tribute  a  group 
can  be  paid  comes  not  from  critics  but 
from  composers  whose  work  it 
performs.  Says  Andrew  Imbrie,  a 
recent  Jacob  Ziskind  Visiting 
Professor  of  Music  at  Brandeis  and  an 
internationally  recognized  composer, 
"The  Lydian  String  Quartet  is  an 
absolutely  first-class  ensemble." 
Referring  to  their  performance  last 
December  at  the  University's  annual 
Irving  Fine  Memorial  Concert, 
Professor  Imbrie  added  that  "they  gave 


my  4th  String  Quartet  one  of  the  best 
performances  it  has  ever  had." 

Countless  other  performing  groups 
bring  musical  entertainment  to 
Brandeis  audiences  outside  the 
auspices  of  the  Music  Department. 
Tympanium  Euphorium,  the 
undergraduate  musical  theater 
performing  organization,  each  year 
mounts  a  large-scale  production  in  the 
fall  and  a  smaller  one  in  the  spring. 
The  Brandeis  Gilbert  and  Sullivan 
Society,  established  in  1951,  is  the 
oldest  student  group  on  campus.  Each 
spring  the  Society  stages  one  major 
opera — H.M.S.  Pinafore  played  to 
audiences  last  year — and  gives  recitals 
throughout  the  year  in  the  Boston 
area.  Since  1971,  the  Brandeis  Gospel 
Choir  has  served  as  a  spiritual  and 
creative  outlet  for  approximately  25 
students  each  year  who  perform  both 
on-campus  and  in  various  Boston-area 
churches.  The  Christian  musical 
organization  presents  two  major 
concerts  annually,  performs  monthly 
at  the  University's  Harlan  Chapel, 
and  occasionally  takes  to  the  road, 
giving  concerts  throughout  New 
England,  New  York,  and  as  far  south 
as  Virginia.  They  have,  to  date,  cut 
two  albums:  "Solid  Rock"  in  1978  and 
"The  Time  is  Now"  in  1981. 

Performances  abound  at  Brandeis;  no 
less  so,  scholarship.  Since  its 
inception,  the  department  has 
attracted  well-known  musicians  and 
musicologists  to  its  faculty — as  full- 
time  professors,  visiting  scholars,  and 
artists-in-residence.  The  early  days — 
of  Erwin  Bodky  Irving  Fine,  Arthur 
Berger  and  Leonard  Bernstein — were 
hardly  inauspicious  and  firmly 
established  a  standard  of  excellence 
for  the  department.  Soon  to  follow 
were  Harold  Shapero,  well-known 
composer  and  director  of  the 
University's  electronic  music  studioS; 
violinist  and  conductor  Robert  Koff; 
and  nineteenth-century  music  scholar 
Caldwell  Titcomb,  all  of  whom 
remain  with  the  department  to  this 
day. 

The  highly  regarded  music  faculty 
also  includes  composer  Martin 
Boykau;  musicologist  and  linguist 
Allan  R.  Keiler  who  currently  chairs 
the  department;  Pulitze  Piize- 
winning  composer  Donald  Martino; 
and  the  internationally  known 
medieval  scholar  Alejandro  Planchart. 
James  D.  Olesen  and  David  M.  Hoose 


lend  their  expertise  to  many  of  the 
department's  performing  groups. 
Baroque  specialist  Eric  Chafe,  a 
newcomer  to  the  department, 
complements  musicologist  Edward 
Nowacki,  a  medieval  music  scholar 
Brmgmg  added  strength  to  the 
program  in  composition  are  Peter 
Child,  Conrad  M.  Pope  and  Allen  L. 
Anderson.  And  next  year,  one  of  the 
foremost  Bach  scholars  in  the  United 
States,  Robert  Marshall,  currently  at 
the  University  of  Chicago,  will  join 
the  Brandeis  music  faculty. 

An  already  outstanding  full-time 
faculty  is  further  enhanced  by  artists- 
in-residence  and  visiting  professors. 
Departmental  lecture  series  also  bring 
to  campus  such  distinguished 
national  composers  as  Milton  Babbitt 
and  Mario  Davidovsky,  and  music 
scholars  Alan  Tyson  and  Richard 
Kramer  Last  year,  a  unique  conference 
on  the  contemporary  music  of  Israel 
attracted  prominent  and  promising 
Israeli  composers  to  Brandeis  for  two 
days  of  colloquia  and  concert 
performances. 

Scholarly  music  research,  although 
less  visible  than  the  performance 
activities,  is  extensive  and  on-going. 
Each  year  Brandeis  faculty  members 
present  papers  at  conferences  in  this 
country  and  abroad;  books  and 
articles  reflecting  their  research 
findings  frequently  appear  in  print. 

While  at  Brandeis,  music  students 
benefit  from  the  high  standards  of 
scholarship  and  performance  and  from 
the  opportunity  to  work  closely  with 
an  exceptional  faculty  and  their  post- 
Brandeis  paths  attest  to  the  quality  of 
training  they  have  received. 

It's  no  surprise  then  that  so  many 
undergraduates  go  on  to  pursue 
further  study  in  top-notch  graduate 
programs  at  prestigious  universities 
and  earn  accolades  along  the  way. 
Richard  Wernick,  a  former  Brandeis 
student  now  on  the  faculty  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  is  a 
Pulitzer  Prize-winning  composer 
Others,  upon  completing  their 
graduate  studies  at  Brandeis,  have 
assumed  teaching  positions  at  UCLA, 
Boston  University,  Washington 
University,  and  other  leading  centers 
of  learning.  Those  who  hold  degrees  in 
music  from  Brandeis  include:  the 
dean  of  the  faculty  of  music  at 
University  of  Toronto;  a  Baroque  flute 


expert  currently  on  tour  in  Europe; 
the  chairman  of  the  chamber  music 
program  at  the  New  England 
Conservatory  of  Music;  a  violinist 
with  the  Cleveland  Symphony 
Orchestra;  and  the  official 
accompanist  at  the  Mozartium  in 
Salzburg,  Austria,  who  specializes  on 
the  fortepiano.  Also,  a  harpsichord 
designer;  a  member  of  the  faculty  at 
the  Eastman  School  of  Music;  an 
opera  librettist  and  a  composer  and 
conductor. 

To  continue  to  prepare  its  students — 
as  musicologists,  music  theorists  and 
musicians — the  department  must  do 
more  than  keep  abreast  of  the  times. 
In  many  instances,  it  must  lead  them. 
Back  in  the  early  1950s,  when 
chamber  and  early  music  activity  in 
the  Boston  area  was  more  limited, 
Brandeis  expanded  the  opportunities 
in  this  musical  style  for  musicians 
and  audiences  alike.  As  one  of  the 
first  universities  to  install  electronic 
music  studios  in  the  1960s,  Brandeis 
opened  doors  for  young  composers 
interested  in  a  new  musical  medium. 

Today  Brandeis  remains  in  the 
vanguard  of  education  in  the  field  of 
music.  For  undergraduate  students,  an 
innovative  University  Studies 
Program  in  Creative  Arts  will 
introduce  into  the  1983-84 
curriculum  newly  designed, 
interdisciplinary  courses  spanning  the 
fields  of  music,  fine  arts  and  theater 
The  Leonard  Farber  Library,  scheduled 
to  open  this  June,  will  include  two 
floors  devoted  predominantly  to 
music  studies  and  will  house  modern, 
state-of-the-art  audio  equipment  to 
enhance  and  expand  the  University's 
present  listening  facilities. 

The  department  will  face  additional 
challenges  in  the  years  ahead:  some 
already  anticipated  and  addressed, 
others  still  out  of  view.  But  35  years  of 
experience,  expansion,  and 
experimentation,  have  left  the 
department  ready  to  sustain  and 
surpass  the  exceptionally  high 
standards  it  has  established. 

Debra  Schatz 


24 


Faculty  Notes 


25 


Laurence  F.  Abbott 

associate  professor  of 
physics,  recently  gave  three 
lectures  at  the  Fourth  Latin 
American  Symposium  on 
Relativity  and  Gravitation 
held  in  Caracas,  Venezuela. 
At  the  symposium, 
physicists  from  Great 
Britain,  France,  Italy  and  the 
United  States  met  with 
Latin  American  physicists  to 
discuss  the  latest  results  in 
cosmology,  gravity  and 
supergravity. 

Stuart  H.  Altman 

dean  of  the  Heller  School, 
was  elected  to  the 
Governing  Council  of  the 
Institute  of  Medicine  of  the 
National  Academy  of 
Sciences.  He  was  one  of  ten 
U.S.  authorities  asked  to 
write  on  different  aspects  of 
the  health  system  for 
LEADERS,  a  magazine 
directed  toward  international 
leaders  in  business  and 
public  policy  concerns.  His 
article,  "The  U.S.  Health 
System  in  the  1980s:  A 
Return  to  the  '50s  or  the 
Decade  of  National  Health 
Insurance?"  will  appear  in 
the  magazine's  special  issue 
on  health  care.  In  December 
he  was  lead  speaker  and 
chair  of  the  annual  meeting 
of  Grantmakers  in  Health, 
the  association  of  all  private 
foundations  which  award 
grants  in  the  health  area. 
The  Heller  School's  Center 
for  Health  Policy  Analysis 
and  Research  was  respon- 
sible for  organizing  that 
association's  Atlanta 
meeting.  He  also  spoke  in 
December  at  the  fiith  armual 
meeting  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Health  Data 
Consortium. 

Allen  Anderson 

instructor  in  music,  is 
composing  a  new  work  for 
Speculum  Musicae,  a 
musical  ensemble  in  New 
York  City,  to  be  premiered  in 
the  1983-84  season. 

Asoka  Bandarage 

assistant  professor  of 
sociology,  spoke  dunng  the 
fall  of  1982  on  the  issues  of 
ethnocentrism  in  feminist 
theory,  women  in  third 
world  development  and 
feminism  in  cross-cultural 
perspectives  at  the 


Conference  of  the  Society  for 
Women  in  Philosophy  at 
Smith  College;  the 
Conference  on  Women  in 
International  Development 
in  Winnipeg,  Canada;  at 
Southeastern  Massachusetts 
University;  and  at  the 
Center  for  the  Study  of 
World  Religions  at  Harvard 
University.  In  the  summer  of 
1982  she  was  appointed  to 
the  International  Committee 
of  the  Boston's  Women's 
Health  Book  Collective  and 
in  the  fall  of  that  year  to  the 
Program  Evaluation 
Committee  of  Oxfam- 
America.  She  is  currently 
helping  to  organize  a  session 
on  minority  women  in  the 
U.S.  economy  for  the  annual 
meetings  of  the  Eastern 
Sociological  Society  to  be 
held  in  Baltimore,  Maryland 
in  March  1983. 

Kathleen  Barry 

assistant  professor  of 
sociology,  gave  campus-wide 
lectures  at  Yale  University 
and  Mount  Holyoke  College 
on  the  international  traffic 
in  women.  She  has  been 
accepted  for  a  winter's 
residency  at  MacDowell 
Writer's  Colony  to  work  on 
her  new  book,  a  biography  of 
Susan  B.  Anthony. 

Rudolph  Binion 

Leff  Families  Professor  of 
Modern  European  History, 
recently  contributed  a 
psychohistorical  portrait  of 
Adolf  Hitler  to  a  special 
volume  published  by  the 
Bonn  government  50  years 
after  Hitler's  accession  to 
power.  He  was  the  only  non- 
German  invited  to 
contribute  to  this  volume, 
aside  from  the  few  historians 
writing  on  reactions  abroad 
to  Hitler's  accession.  His 
book,  Introduction  a  la 
psychohistoire,  was  jointly 
published  by  the  Presses 
Universitaires  de  France  and 
the  College  de  France  in 
September  1982.  Based  on 
four  lectures  he  delivered  at 
the  College  de  France  in 
October-November  1980,  it 
IS  the  first  volume  in  a  new 
series  entitled.  Essays  and 
Lectures  from  the  College  de 
France.  In  October  he  gave 
the  keynote  lecture  at  a 
McGill  University 
symposium  on  World  War  II 
and  spoke  on  Lou  Andreas- 
Salome  at  Mount  Holyoke 
College. 


Robert  H.  Binstock 

Louis  Stulberg  Professor  of 
Law  and  Politics,  has  been 
appointed  to  the  National 
Academy  of  Sciences 
Committee  on  an  Aging 
Society.  He  is  currently 
serving  as  chair  of  an 
advisory  panel  to  the  Office 
of  Technology  Assessment  of 
the  U.S.  Congress  for  a  two- 
year  study  of  the  impact  of 
technology  on  aging. 

Seyom  Brown 

professor  of  politics, 
addressed  the  Brandeis 
Leadership  Development 
Group  in  New  York  City  in 
November  on  "A  Post- 
Election  Assessment  of 
Reagan's  Foreign  Policy 
Options."  He  also  spoke  in 
October  at  a  Foxboro, 
Massachusetts  forum  on 
disarmament  and  arms 
control  issues  sponsored  by 
the  League  of  Women  Voters. 

Saul  G.  Cohen 

Charles  A.  Breskin 
University  Professor  of 
Chemistry,  has  been 
nominated  for  the  Board  of 
Overseers  of  Harvard 
University  a  30-member 
governing  board  elected  to  a 
six-year  term  by  that 
University's  alumni  body. 

John  Putnam  Demos 

professor  of  history,  is  the 
author  of  ENTERTAINING 
SATAN:  Witchcraft  and  the 
Culture  of  Early  New 
England,  published  in 
October  by  Oxford 
University  Press.  The  book 
was  favorably  reviewed  in 
the  New  York  Review  of 
Books,  The  New  York  Times 
Sunday  Book  Review,  and 
Newsweek  magazine,  among 
other  publications,  and  was 
also  included  in  a  New  York 
Times  list  of  "notable  books" 
published  during  1982.  He 
gave  the  annual  Ruth  N. 
Halls  Lecture  at  the 
University  of  Indiana  on  the 
topic,  "Adolescence  in 
Historical  Perspective."  He 
also  gave  invited  lectures  at 
Boston  University  Medical 
School,  Wellesley  College, 
The  Boston  Globe  Book 
Festival,  and  the  Fifth 
Annual  International 
Conference  on  Self 
Psychology  in  Atlanta. 


Stanley  Deser 

Enid  and  Nathan  S.  Ancell 
Professor  of  Physics,  gave  an 
invited  talk  at  the  Solvay 
Congress  in  November  In 
December,  he  delivered 
lectures  at  the  4th  SILARG- 
Latin  American  School  on 
Gravitation  in  Caracas, 
Venezuela  and  in  Austin, 
Texas  at  the  11th  "Texas 
Conference,"  the 
international  conference  on 
relativistic  astrophysics.  He 
has  been  invited  to  "Shelter 
Island  11,"  in  June  1983,  a 
sequel  to  the  historic  1947 
Shelter  Island  conference  on 
quantum  electrodynamics. 

Philip  Ehrlich 

assistant  professor  of 
philosophy,  is  the  author  of 
"Negative,  Infinite  and 
Hotter  than  Infinite 
Temperatures"  (Synthese  50) 
reprinted  in  Philosophical 
Problems  of  Modern  Physics 
(D.  Reidel  Publishers).  He 
presented  his  paper,  "Surreal 
Numbers  and  Nonarchi- 
medean  Geometry:  Some 
Mathematical,  Historical 
and  Philosophical  Remarks," 
at  the  Joint  Colloquium  on 
History  and  Philosophy  of 
Science  at  Harvard 
University. 

Edward  Engelberg 

professor  of  comparative 
literature,  recently  had  his 
essay  "Absence  and  Presence 
in  Year's  Poetry,"  published 
in  Yeats  Annual.  I 
(MacMillan  and  Humanities 
Press). 

Irving  R.  Epstein 

professor  of  chemistry,  gave 
invited  talks  at  the  national 
meeting  of  the  American 
Chemical  Society  in  Kansas 
City  and  at  Queens  College 
in  New  York  on  "Oscillating 
Chemical  Reactions"  and  at 
the  Massachusetts  Institute 
of  Technology  on  "Kinetic 
ISING  Models  for  Systems  of 
Biological  Interest."  He  has 
received  a  research  grant 
from  NATO  for  collaboration 
with  scientists  in  Bordeaux, 
France  on  studies  of 
oscillating  chemical 
reactions. 

Elliot  J.  Feldman 

assistant  professor  of 
politics,  was  named  a 
Research  Fellow  of  the 
National  Defense  University 


where  he  will  complete  the 
research  he  will  begin  this 
summer  in  Europe  and 
pursue  m  Washington  as  an 
International  Affairs  Fellow 
of  the  Council  on  Foreign 
Relations  during  1983-84.  In 
October  his  article  on  the 
politics  of  the  Massachusetts 
Port  Authonty  was 
published  on  the  op-ed  page 
of  The  Boston  Globe  and 
Quebec's  leading  daily,  Le 
Devoir,  devoted  a  half-page 
to  his  fifth  and  most-recent 
book,  The  Politics  of 
Canadian  Airport 
Development:  Lessons  for 
Federalism  (Duke 
University  Press).  In 
November  he  chaired  a  day- 
long conference  at  the 
Lincoln  Institute  of  Land 
Policy  on  housing  and  land 
use  policies  in  Canada  and 
the  United  States. 

Karen  E.  Fields 
assistant  professor  of 
sociology,  has  been  awarded 
a  fellowship  from  the 
National  Endowment  for  the 
Humanities  (NEHI  which 
will  support  her  research  at 
The  Mary  Ingraham  Bunting 
Institute  of  Radcliffe 
College. 

Jack  S.  Goldstein 

professor  of  astrophysics, 
spoke  on  "The  Current 
Status  of  Research  on  the 
CO2  Climate  Problem"  at 
Kyoto  University  m  Japan 
and  at  the  Government  of 
India  Meteorological  Project. 
In  December  he  spoke  in 
India  on  "Comparative 
Approaches  to  Worldwide 
Energy  Problems"  at  the 
National  Solar  Energy 
Conference  in  New  Delhi 
and  at  the  Indian  Institute  of 
Science,  Raman  Research 
Centre  in  Bangalore. 

Gila  J.  Hayim 

associate  professor  of 
sociology,  delivered  a  paper 
entitled  "Methodology  and 
Ethics  of  Existential 
Sociology"  at  the  2 1st 
annual  meetmg  of  the 
Society  for  Phenomenology 
and  Existential  Philosophy 
at  Pennsylvania  State 
University. 

Michael  |.  Henchman 

associate  professor  of 
chemistry,  attended  the 


Euchem  Conference  on 
Gaseous  vs.  Solvated  Ions  in 
Rome,  Italy,  in  September  at 
which  he  presented  two 
papers  "Solvent  Participation 
in  Proton  Transfer  Reactions 
Involving  Solvated  Ions"; 
and  "Nucleophilic 
Displacement  Reactions 
Involving  Solvated  Ions."  In 
November  he  gave  an 
invited  seminar  at  Yale  on 
"Solvated  Ions  in  the  Gas 
Phase;  and  the  Relevance  for 
Solution  Chemistry." 

Ray  S.  Jackendoff 

professor  of  linguistics,  had 
his  book,  A  Generative 
Theory  of  Tonal  Music  (co- 
authored  with  composer  Fred 
Lerdahl  of  Columbia 
University)  published  by 
MIT  Press  m  December  The 
book  synthesizes  the 
outlook  and  methodology  of 
contemporary  linguistics 
with  the  insights  of  recent 
music  theory  and  takes  as  its 
premise  the  idea  that  the 
perception  of  music  is  a 
cognitive  activity  in  which 
listeners  unconsciously  use 
certain  principles  m 
attributing  structure  to  the 
music  they  hear. 

Edward  K.  Kaplan 

associate  professor  of  French, 
spoke  on  "Modem  French 
Poetry  and  Sanctification: 
Baudelaire  and  Bonnefoy"  at 
the  University  of  California 
at  Santa  Cruz  m  May  1982. 
In  October  1982  he 
presented  a  paper  on  Jules 
Michelet  entitled,  "Mother 
Death:  Autobiography  of  an 
Artist-Historian"  at  the 
19th-century  French  Studies 
Colloquium  at  the 
University  of  Massachusetts. 
His  article,  "Howard 
Thurman:  Meditation, 
Mysticism,  and  Life's 
Contradictions,"  appeared  in 
the  Spring  1982  issue  of 
Debate  and  Understanding, 
published  by  Boston 
University.  He  has  also 
had  reviews  of  two  books 
published,  one  on  Michelet 
in  The  French  Review  in 
February  1982  and  another 
on  Baudelaire  in  the 
September  1982  issue  of 
French  Forum. 

Reuven  R.  Kimelman 

assistant  professor  of  Near 
Eastern  and  Judaic  Studies 
and  Manheimer  Term 
Professor  of  Umversity 


Studies,  presented  papers  at 
the  Second  International 
Conference  on  Jewish  Law 
on  "Third  Century  Halakha 
in  the  Light  of  the  Political 
and  Economic  Realities," 
and  at  The  Association  of 
Jewish  Studies  on  "The 
Conflict  Between  the 
Pnestly  Oligarchy  and  the 
Rabbinate  in  Eretz-Israel  in 
the  Talmudic  Period."  His 
booklet,  Tsedakah  and  Us — 
A  Solicitation  Manual,  was 
published  by  the  National 
Jewish  Resource  Center 

Lorraine  V.  Klerman 

professor  of  public  health  at 
the  Heller  School,  spoke  on 
"Pregnant  Adolescents  and 
Teenage  Parents — A  Social 
Policy  Perspective"  at  the 
conference,  Strategies  for 
Resource  Development  and 
Advocacy:  Pregnant 
Adolescents-Teenage 
Parents,  sponsored  by  the 
Massachusetts  Department 
of  Social  Services.  She  also 
reviewed  "Pregnancy  and 
Parenting  among  Hispanic 
Adolescents:  Health  and 
Social  Issues"  for  the 
Conference  on  Critical 
Health  Issues  Facing 
Mamland  Puerto  Ricans 
sponsored  by  the  Boston 
Area  Health  Education 
Center  She  has  received  a 
grant  from  the  Department 
of  Health  and  Human 
Services  to  study  needs 
assessment  and  resource 
development  in  maternal 
and  child  health. 

Miroslav  Krek 

lecturer  in  bibliography,  read 
his  paper  entitled  "Some 
Observations  Concerning 
Arabic  Printing  in  America 
and  by  Americans  Abroad 
Before  1850"  at  the  annual 
Middle  East  Librarians 
Association  meeting  in 
Philadelphia  in  November 
The  paper  will  be  published 
in  the  Association's 
Occasional  Papers. 

Norman  E.  Levine 

associate  professor  of 
physical  education,  was 
voted  New  England  Division 
ni  Coach  of  the  Year  in 
Cross-Country  for  the 
seventh  time.  His  article, 
"Brandeis  Cross-Country 
Program  for  Middle  Distance 
Runners,"  was  published  in 
The  Harrier  magazine  in 
October. 


Nicholas  Linfield 

lecturer  with  the  rank  of 
assistant  professor  of 
English,  played  the  role  of 
James  Joyce  in  Nor'  at 
Boston's  Nucleo  Eciettico  in 
January.  At  the  Barton 
Square  Playhouse  in  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  he  appeared 
in  Sleuth  in  April  and  as 
Scrooge  in  Scrooge  and 
Marley  in  December  He  also 
went  on  a  national  tour  with 
the  Boston  Camerata's 
production  of  Play  of  Daniel. 
His  article,  "You  and  Thou 
m  Othello,"  was  published 
m  the  November  issue  of  the 
Iowa  State  Journal  of 
Research. 

Henry  Linschitz 

Helena  Rubinstein  Professor 
of  Chemistry,  was  chair  of 
the  panel  on  Artificial 
Photosynthesis  at  the  Fourth 
International  Conference  on 
Photochemical  Conversion 
and  Storage  of  Solar  Energy, 
which  was  held  at  The 
Hebrew  University  in 
Jerusalem  in  August.  He  also 
chaired  the  discussion  of 
magnetic  field  effects  on 
photochemical  reactions  at 
the  Gordon  Research 
Conference  on  Electron 
Donor-Acceptor 
Interactions,  held  in  August 
at  the  Brewster  Academy  in 
New  Hampshire. 

John  M.  Lowenstein 

Helena  Rubinstein  Professor 
of  Biochemistry,  recently 
gave  seminars  on  "The 
Metabolic  Role  of  the  Purine 
Nucleotide  Cycle"  at  the 
Johnson  Foundation  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania 
School  of  Medicine, 
University  of  Maryland 
School  of  Medicine,  and  the 
Biochemistry  Department 
of  the  University  of 
Massachusetts,  Amherst. 

Joan  M.  Maling 

associate  professor  of 
linguistics,  presented  two 
papers  in  December  at  the 
winter  meeting  of  the 
Linguistic  Society  of 
America  in  San  Diego  on 
"Passive"  and  "Preposition 
Stranding  and  Oblique  Case" 
m  modem  Icelandic.  She  is 
the  author  of  "Transitive 
Adjectives:  A  Case  of 
Categorical  Reanalysis" 
recently  published  in 


26 


27 


Linguistic  Categories: 
Auxiliaries  and  Related 
Puzzles  (Reidel). 

Danielle  Marx-Scouras 

assistant  professor  of  French 
and  Italian,  was  awarded  a 
Mazer  Grant  last  summer  to 
do  research  in  Italy  on  the 
contemporar>'  writer,  Elio 
Vittormi.  She  delivered  two 
papers:  "Culture  and 
Politics;  the  Politecnico 
Experience"  for  the  Italian 
section  of  the  annual 
SCMLA  meeting  in  San 
Antonio,  Texas  in  October; 
and  "L'Exorcisme  de 
I'oppresseur:  la 
problematique  du  racisme  et 
du  sexisme  dans  Le  Passe 
Simple  de  Dnss  Chraibi  et 
La  Repudiation  de  Rachid 
Boudjedra"  for  the  Division 
on  French  Literature  Outside 
of  Europe  at  the  annual  MLA 
convention  in  Los  Angeles 
in  December. 

Ruth  S.  Morgenthau 

Adlai  E.  Stevenson  Professor 
of  International  Politics,  was 
a  keynote  speaker  at  the 
Mexican-Malien  Dialogue  in 
rural  development  held  in 
November  at  CEICADAR, 
Puebla,  the  training  institute 
of  the  Graduate  School  of 
Chapingo.  She  also  presided 
in  Puebla  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Executive  Committee  of 
Food  Corps  Programs, 
International  (CILCAI. 

Alfred  Nisonoff 

professor  of  biology  and 
Rosenstiel  Basic  Medical 
Sciences  Research  Center,  is 
serving  as  a  member  of  the 
National  Research  Council 
Committee  on  Defense 
Against  Mycotoxins. 

Susan  Moller  Okin 

associate  professor  of 
politics,  recently  served  as  a 
visiting  resident  scholar  at 
Hobart  and  William  Smith 
Colleges  where  she  worked 
with  faculty  members  on 
issues  involved  in 
integrating  the  study  of 
women  into  the  general 
curriculum. 

Arthur  H.  Reis,  Jr. 

lecturer  with  the  rank  of 
associate  professor  of 
chemistry,  spoke  in 
November  on  "One- 
Dimensional  Inorgaiuc  and 


Organic  Conductors"  at 
Fordham  University. 

Bernard  Reisman 

associate  professor  of 
American  lewish  communal 
studies  and  director  of  the 
Homstein  Program,  was  a 
guest  lecturer  at  the 
Leadership  and  Management 
Development  Center  of  the 
Department  of  the  Air  Force 
at  Maxwell  Air  Force  Base, 
Montgomery,  Alabama,  in 
November. 

George  W.  Ross 

associate  professor  of 
sociology,  lectured  at  the 
Institute  for  French  Studies, 
New  York  University,  on 
"French  Communism  in 
1982,  Problems  at  the  Rank 
and  File"  and  at  Wellesley 
College  on  "The  Crisis  of 
European  Social 
Democracy."  His  book. 
Unions.  Crisis  and  Change, 
co-authored  with  Peter 
Lange  and  Maurizio 
Vanmcelli,  was  recently 
published  in  London  (George 
Allen  and  Unwin, 
Publishers).  His  article, 
"French  Labor  and  Economic 
Change,"  appeared  in  the 
volume,  France  m  the 
Troubled  World  Economy 
(Butterworths).  Two 
additional  articles  were 
recently  published:  "French 
Communism  with  Its  Back 
to  the  Wall"  appeared  in 
Socialist  Review  (no.  65); 
and  "France's  Third  Wa^" 
was  published  in  Studies  m 
Political  Economy,  a 
Canadian  ]oumal.  He 
delivered  papers  at  the 
annual  meetings  of  the 
American  Political  Science 
Association  in  Denver;  the 
Western  Society  for  French 
History  in  Winnipeg, 
Canada;  and  the  Canadian 
Political  Science 
Association.  He  also 
participated  in  a  colloquium. 
Nationalizations:  La  Voie 
Francaise,  in  Pans. 

Murray  Sachs 

professor  of  French,  read  his 
paper,  "Flaubert  and 
Revolution,"  in  October  at 
the  annual  Colloquium  on 
19th-century  French  Studies 
at  the  University  of 
Massachusetts,  Amherst.  In 
November  he  gave  the 
keynote  address,  entitled 
"George  Sand  and  Gustave 


Flaubert;  French  Literature's 
Odd  Couple,"  at  the  Sixth 
International  George  Sand 
Conference,  held  at  Bard 
College.  His  article,  "Two- 
Way  Traffic:  Some 
Reflections  on  School- 
University  Collaboration," 
appeared  in  the  September 
issue  of  the  ADFL  Bulletin. 
In  December,  he  was  elected 
to  a  three-year  term  on  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the 
Association  of  Departments 
of  Foreign  Languages. 

Alan  Sager 

assistant  professor  of  urban 
and  health  planning  at  the 
Heller  School,  has  been 
elected  vice  president  of  the 
Health  Planning  Council  for 
Greater  Boston.  He  presented 
papers  on  public  hospital 
survival  and  voluntary 
hospital  closings  at  the 
November  meeting  of  the 
American  Public  Health 
Association  (APHA)  in 
Montreal  and  co-authored  a 
paper  at  APHA  on 
mobilizing  and  coordinating 
family  help  for  the  disabled. 
His  book.  Planning  Home 
Care  with  the  Elderly,  has 
been  published  by 
Cambridge:  Ballinger. 

Robert  A.  Schneider 

assistant  professor  of  history 
and  Manheimer  Term 
Assistant  Professor  of 
University  Studies, 
presented  a  paper  on  "The 
Catholic  Community  of 
Seventeenth-Century 
Toulouse,"  in  December  at 
the  annual  meeting  of  the 
American  Historical 
Association  in  Washington, 
DC. 

Silvan  S.  Schweber 

professor  of  physics  and 
Richard  Koret  Professor  in 
the  History  of  Ideas, 
delivered  a  paper  in  lune 
entitled,  "The  Genesis  of  the 
Origin:  1844-1859,"  at  the 
international  "Darwin 
Hentage"  conference  held  in 
Florence,  Italy.  In  luly  he 
visited  the  Umversite  de 
Lausanne  and  the  ETH  in 
Zurich  where  he  delivered 
seminars  on  "The  History  of 
Quantum  Field  Theory: 
1940-1950."  At  the 
centennial  commemoration 
of  Darwin's  death  held  in 
September  at  the  Umversite 
de  Paris  he  delivered  a  paper 


on  "Intellectual  and 
Ideological  Factors  in  the 
Genesis  of  Natural 
Selection."  Also  in 
September  he  participated  in 
an  international  workshop 
on  The  History  of 
Probability  from  1800  to  the 
Present  where  he  delivered  a 
paper  on  "The  Development 
of  Probabilistic  Thought  in 
Great  Britain  in  the 
Nineteenth  Century: 
Darwin  and  Maxwell." 

Harold  S.  Shapero 

Walter  N.  Naumberg 
Professor  of  Music,  received 
a  1982-83  award  from  the 
American  Society  of 
Composers,  Authors  and 
Publishers  (ASCAP)  given 
annually  to  express  the 
Society's  "continuing 
commitment  to  assist  and 
encourage  wnters  of  serious 
music." 

William  Shipman 

instructor  m  physical 
education,  has  been  named 
by  the  U.S.  Olympic 
Committee  to  serve  as  first 
alternate  coach  for  the  U.S. 
Fencing  Team  competing  in 
the  World  lunior  Fencmg 
Championships  m  Hungary, 
March  26-Apnl  30. 

Barry  B.  Snider 

associate  professor  of 
chemistry,  was  awarded  a 
1982  Dreyfus  Teacher- 
Scholar  Grant  from  The 
Camille  and  Henry  Dreyfus 
Foundation  of  New  York 
City  to  develop  innovative 
research  and  teaching 
projects. 

Bennett  Solomon 

lecturer  in  Jewish  education, 
has  been  mvited  to  lead 
several  workshops  for  the 
Board  of  Jewish  Education  in 
Metropolitan  Chicago 
including  one  sesssion  on 
"Integrating  Curriculum — 
the  Philosophical  Basis  and 
Practical  Implementation" 
as  part  of  the  Institute  for 
Trainmg  of  Master  Teachers 
in  the  Day  School,  and 
another  sesssion  on 
"Deliberation  and  Selection 
for  Curriculum"  for  the 
Institute  for  Training  of 
Master  Teachers  in 
Supplemental  School. 


Promotions  and  Appointments: 


Susan  Staves 

associate  professor  of 
English,  gave  a  Clark  Lecture 
entitled  "Where  is  History 
But  in  Texts?:  Reading  the 
History  of  Mamage,"  at  the 
William  Andrews  Clark 
Library  in  Los  Angeles, 
California.  Her  talk  was  part 
of  a  year-long  series  on 
history  and  literature. 

Thomas  R.  Tuttle,  Jr. 

associate  professor  of 
chemistry,  presented  a 
lecture  entitled  "What  are 
Solvated  Electrons?"  at  the 
Chemistry  Department 
Colloquium  at  Fordham 
Umversity  in  October. 

Gloria  Waite 

assistant  professor  of  African 
and  Afro-American  studies, 
is  the  author  of  an  article 
entitled  "East  Indians  and 
National  Politics  in  the 
Caribbean"  which  appeared 
in  the  Fall  1982  issue  of 
South  Asia  Bulletin. 
Another  article,  jointly 
written  with  Chnstopher 
Ehret  and  entitled 
"Linguistic  Perspectives  on 
the  Early  History  of 
Southern  Tanzania,"  was 
accepted  for  publication  in 
Tanzania  Notes  and 
Records. 

Stephen  J.  Whitfield 

associate  professor  of 
Amencan  studies,  has  had 
his  article,  "  'One  Nation 
Under  God':  The  Rise  of  the 
Religious  Right,"  published 
in  the  Autumn  1982  issue  of 
the  Virginia  Quarterly 
Review.  In  November  he 
also  took  part  in  a 
symposium  at  the  Harvard 
University  Law  School  in 
celebration  of  the  centennial 
of  the  birth  of  Felix 
Frankfurter 

Peter  D.  Witt 

lecturer  in  American  studies 
and  education  program 
director,  chaired  a  36- 
member  team  which  visited 
the  University  of  Massa- 
chusetts at  Amherst  in 
November  for  the  purpose  of 
evaluating  its  teacher 
certification  programs  for 
the  Commonwealth  of 
Massachusetts. 


Harry  Zohn 

professor  of  German,  gave 
the  closing  address  at  the 
Elias  Canetti  Symposium  at 
SUNY-Stony  Brook  in 
December  His  article, 
"Austrian  Reflections," 
appeared  m  The  Jewish 
Advocate  in  December  Two 
of  his  articles  on  Stefan 
Zweig  were  recently 
published:  "Stefan  Zweig, 
the  European  and  the  lew" 
appeared  m  the  Winter  1982 
edition  of  the  Leo  Baeck 
Institute  Year  Book  XXVII, 
and  "Stefan  Zweig:  Literatur 
zur  Zentenarfeier  1981 "  was 
published  in  the  Winter  1982 
issue  of  Zeitschrift  fuer 
deutsche  Philologie.  In 
November  the  centennial 
edition  of  Greatness 
Revisited  by  Fnderike  Maria 
Zweig,  which  he  edited  and 
introduced,  was  published  by 
Branden  Press. 

Irving  K.  Zola 

professor  of  sociology  was  a 
participant  in  the  October 
meetings  of  the  American 
Congress  on  Rehabilitation 
Medicine  in  Houston,  Texas 
and  was  a  speaker  at  the 
Institute  for  Medical 
Humanities  of  the 
University  of  Texas,  Medical 
Branch. 


Dean  ot  the  Faculty  Anne  P. 
Carter  has  announced 
several  new  appointments 
and  promotions  approved  by 
the  Board  of  Trustees  in 
October  1982. 

The  Board  approved  the 
appointment  of  seven 
additional  visiting  scholars, 
the  promotion  of  two  faculty 
members  to  full  professor 
and  granted  three-year 
appointments  to  15  men  and 
women  and  one-year 
appointments  to  seven. 


Appointed  Visiting  Scholars: 

Daniel  Aaron 

Fannie  Hurst  Visiting 
Professor  of  English  and 
American  Literature,  comes 
to  Brandeis  for  the  spring 
semester  from  Harvard 
University  where  he  is  the 
Victor  Thomas  Professor  and 
director  of  the  American 
Civilization  program. 

Haim  Avni 

visiting  associate  professor  of 
Near  Eastern  and  Judaic 
Studies  and  a  fellow  of  the 
Tauber  Institute,  is  vice- 
chair  of  the  Department  of 
Contemporary  Jewry  and 
head  of  the  Institute  of 
Contemporary  Jewry  at  The 
Hebrew  University  in 
Jerusalem. 

Sam  Kirkpatrick 

Jacob  Ziskind  Visiting 
Professor  of  Theater  Arts,  is 
a  well-known  set  and 
costume  designer  whose 
work  has  appeared  in  major 
theaters  in  America, 
England,  Japan  and  Canada. 

Tzee-Char  Kuo 

visiting  professor  of 
mathematics,  has  taught  in 
China,  Hong  Kong,  England 
and  the  United  States.  His 
work  deals  with  singularity 
theory. 

George  Lamming 

Fannie  Hurst  Writer-Ln- 
Residence  in  the 
Department  of  African  and 
Afro- American  Studies,  is 
the  author  of  several  novels 
including  In  the  Castle  of 
My  Skin,  The  Emigrants,  Of 
Age  and  Innocence,  Season 
of  Adventure,  Natives  of  My 
Person,  and  Water  with 
Berries. 


Burton  Weisbiod 

Jacob  Ziskind  Visiting 
Professor  of  Economics,  is 
the  author  of  ten  books 
including  Economics  and 
Mental  Health,  Public 
Interest  Law  and  American 
Health  Policy.  A  faculty 
member  of  the  University  of 
Wisconsin  since  1966,  he  has 
also  been  a  consultant  to 
major  governmental 
agencies. 

Alfred  Wiedemann 

comes  to  Brandeis  as  a 
visiting  assistant  professor  of 
mathematics  from  the 
University  of  Stuttgart. 


Promoted  to  Full  Professor: 

Bernard  M.J.  Wasserstein 

joined  the  Brandeis  faculty 
in  1980  as  an  associate 
professor  of  history;  since 
that  time  he  has  also  served 
as  director  of  the  Tauber 
Institute.  A  native  of  Great 
Britain,  he  is  the  author  of 
The  British  in  Palestine:  The 
Mandatory  Government  and 
the  Arab-Jewish  Conflict 
1917-1929.  and  Britain  and 
the  lews  of  Europe  1 939- 
1945. 

Robert  J.  Maeda 

joined  the  Brandeis  faculty 
in  1967  as  an  instructor  of 
fine  arts  and  was  named  an 
assistant  professor  in  1970. 
A  recognized  scholar  in  the 
field  of  Chinese  painting,  he 
was  one  of  only  twelve 
Chinese  art  specialists 
awarded  a  grant  to  visit 
China  m  1973. 


Three-Year  Appointments: 

Donna  Aionson 

who  received  an  M.F.A.  from 
Florida  State  University  in 
1974,  has  joined  the  Theater 
Arts  Department.  She  has 
taught  at  the  Lee  Strasbeig 
Institute,  University  of 
California  at  San  Diego  and, 
most  recently,  was  an 
assistant  professor  at  the 
Five  Colleges. 


28 


29 


Jay  Brodbar-Nemzet 

holds  a  Ph.D.  in  language 
and  communication  from 
the  University  of  Wisconsin. 
A  sociologist  with  specific 
interest  in  Jewish  affairs,  he 
is  affiliated  with  the 
University's  Center  for 
Modern  Jewish  Studies. 

Eric  Chafe 

is  an  accomplished  young 
music  scholar  who  holds  a 
doctoral  degree  from  the 
University  of  Toronto.  The 
author  of  Bach's  St. 
Matthew  Passion,  his 
interest  lies  in  the  area  of 
tonal  theory  in  the  baroque 
period. 

Kathleen  F.  Good 

has  joined  the  Department 
of  Romance  and 
Comparative  Literature  as  an 
assistant  professor  of  French 
and  comparative  literature 
on  the  Mellon  Foundation. 
Her  scholarly  interest  is  in 
modem  critical  theory  and 
methodology. 

Judith  Peller  Hallett 

has  come  to  Brandeis  on  the 
Mellon  Foundation  as  an 
assistant  professor  of 
classical  and  Oriental 
studies.  Her  research  focuses 
on  the  relation  of  the 
classical  tradition  to  modem 
literature. 

Robert  A.  Indik 

received  his  Ph.D.  from 
Princeton  University  in 
1982.  His  research  in 
number  theory  concerns 
the  construction  of  non- 
holomorphic  forms  for 
certain  arithmetic 
subgroups. 

Hiilel  J.  Kieval 

has  joined  the  History 
Department  and  has  been 
named  a  fellow  of  the  Tauber 
Institute.  He  teaches  a 
course  on  eighteenth- 
twentieth  century  Central 
European  Jewry  as  well  as 
courses  on  ethnicity, 
nationalism  and  the  modem 
state. 

Takashi  Odagaki 

received  his  doctoral  degree 
from  Kyoto  University  m 
1975.  A  theoretical 
physicist,  he  studies  the 
electronic  properties  of 
solids  and  the  theory  of 
disordered  systems. 


Shulamit  Reinharz 

who  came  to  Brandeis  from 
the  University  of  Michigan, 
is  the  author  of  On 
Becoming  a  Social  Scientist: 
From  Sutvey  Research  and 
Participant  Observation  to 
Experiential  Analysis.  A 
sociologist,  she  received  her 
Ph.D.  in  1977  from  Brandeis. 

Gregory  Saltzman 

who  received  his  Ph.D.  in 
1982  from  the  University  of 
Wisconsin,  has  joined  the 
Heller  School.  A  two-time 
National  Science  Foundation 
Graduate  Fellow,  he  focuses 
his  research  on  the  study  of 
unions  and  collective 
bargaining. 

Erik  Seising 

holds  joint  appointments 
with  the  Department  of 
Biology  and  with  the 
molecular  immunobiology 
group  at  the  Rosenstiel 
Center  His  extensive 
structural  studies  of  the 
DNA  molecule  have  been 
reported  in  numerous 
scholarly  journals. 

Leigh  Sneddon 

who  holds  a  doctoral  degree 
from  University  of  Oxford, 
will  continue  his  research  in 
solid  state  theoretical 
physics  at  Brandeis.  His 
recent  work  has  been  on 
sliding  charge-density  waves. 

Alan  Stolzenberg 

whose  research  focuses  on 
the  study  of  iron 
hydroporphyrins,  has  joined 
the  Chemistry  Department. 
An  inorganic  chemist,  he 
holds  a  Ph.D.  from  Stanford 
University. 

Gloria  Waite 

received  her  Ph.D.  from 
University  of  California  at 
Los  Angeles  in  1981.  She 
teaches  courses  within  the 
African  and  Afro-American 
Studies  Department  on  the 
American  civil  rights 
movement  and  the 
American  Black  family. 


Philip  Wander 

teaches  twentieth-century 
French  literature  as  well  as 
French  language, 
comparative  literature  and 
humanities  courses  in  the 
University  Studies  program. 
He  holds  a  doctoral  degree 
from  the  University  of 
California  at  Berkeley. 

William  M.  Wormington 

holds  joint  appointments  in 
the  Biochemistry 
Department  and  with  the 
Rosenstiel  Center.  He  brings 
his  grant-supported  research 
work  to  Brandeis  and  will 
help  develop  the  Center's 
cell  and  molecular  biology 
program. 


Professors  Reinharz  and 
MacEachron  Named  to 
Chair  Professorships 

A  renowned  scholar  in  the 
field  of  Jewish  history, 
Jehuda  Reinharz  has  been 
named  Richard  Koret 
Professor  of  Modem  Jewish 
History.  He  taught  in  the 
History  Department  of  the 
University  of  Michigan  from 
1972-1982,  during  which 
time  he  also  served  as 
chairman  of  the  Judaic 
Studies  Program.  The 
recipient  of  numerous 
awards  including  a 
fellowship  from  the  National 
Endowment  for  the 
Humanities  and  grants  from 
the  Memorial  Foundation  for 
Jewish  Culture,  the 
American  Council  of 
Learned  Societies,  and  the 
American  Philosophical 
Society,  Professor  Reinharz 
serves  on  the  editorial  boards 
of  Modern  Judaism  and 
Studies  m  Contemporary 
Jewry.  He  is  the  author  of 
Fatherland  or  Promised 
Land'  The  Dilemma  of  the 
German  Jew  1893-1914.  co- 
editor  of  The  lew  in  the 
Modern  World — A 
Documentary  History  and  is 
currently  at  work  on  a  two- 
volume  biography  of  Chaim 
Weizmann. 

Ann  E.  MacEachron 

been  named  Samuel  and 
Rose  Gingold  Associate 


Professor  of  Human 
Development  within  the 
Heller  School.  A  nationally 
recognized  expert  in  the  field 
of  mental  retardation. 
Professor  MacEachron  has 
published  widely  in  this  and 
other  health  and  health 
policy  areas.  She  is  the 
author  of  two  recently 
published  books.  Plan 
Evaluation  Guide:  A  Guide 
to  the  Planning. 
Management  and 
Evaluation  of  Community 
Based  Service  Systems  and 
Basic  Statistics  in  the 
Human  Services:  An 
Applied  Approach.  Professor 
MacEachron,  who  holds  an 
M.S.W.  from  the  University 
of  Pittsburgh  and  a  Ph.D.  in 
organizational  behavior  from 
the  New  York  State  School 
of  Industrial  and  Labor 
Relations  at  Cornell 
University  joined  the 
Brandeis  faculty  on  a  full- 
time  basis  in  1977  as  an 
assistant  professor  On  leave 
from  the  University  this 
year,  she  serves  as  director  of 
the  Program  Research  Unit 
of  the  New  York  State  Office 
of  Mental  Retardation  and 
Developmental  Disabilities. 


Affirmative  Action  Officer 
Receives  $1,500  Grant 

Herbert  E.  Hentz,  Brandeis' 
affirmative  action  officer, 
was  awarded  a  $1,500  grant 
from  the  Association  of 
Affirmative  Action 
Professionals,  a  Boston 
group,  to  partially 
underwrite  the  publication 
of  his  training  manual  for 
equal  opportunity  specialists 
in  supervisory  positions. 
Entitled  "Equal  Opportunity: 
The  Challenge  of  Human 
Relations,"  the  manual  will 
be  a  key  part  of  a  training 
module  prepared  by  Hentz  to 
bring  innovative  approaches 
to  an  area  which  he  says  is 
"often  blurred  by  technical 
definitions  and  regulations." 


Innovative  Parent-Loan  Program 
Aims  to  Help 
Middle-Income  Families 


The  New  York  Times  called  it  "original." 

One  parent  called  it  a  "godsend." 

Whatever  it's  called,  the  University's  announcement  that 
beginning  next  fall  it  was  instituting  a  two-pronged 
assault  on  rising  tuition  costs  by  enabling  parents  to  "lock 
in"  four  years  of  undergraduate  education  at  the  freshman 
rate  has  clearly  created  a  stir  in  academic  circles.  At  the 
same  time,  it  has  allowed  the  University  to  reaffirm  its 
historic  commitment  to  the  principle  that  no  qualified 
student  be  denied  an  education  because  of  financial 
barriers. 

The  Brandeis  Plan  is  composed  of  1|  a  tuition  prepayment 
plan,  and  2|  a  parent  loan  program.  Beginning  next  fall, 
parents  with  sufficient  means  can  prepay  the  entire  four 
years  of  tuition  costs  at  the  1983-84  rate.  This  will  enable 
families  to  escape  subsequent  tuition  increases,  which  in 
the  past  several  years  have  grown  at  a  rate  of  at  least  four 
to  SIX  percent  above  the  rate  of  inflation,  making  it 
possible  for  them  to  save  up  to  $4,000  or  more  on  their 
son's  or  daughter's  education. 

The  parent  loan  option,  especially  designed  for  financially 
hard-pressed  middle-income  families  who  do  not  qualify 
for  Brandeis'  financial  aid  program,  will  allow  families  to 
borrow  from  the  University  up  to  75  percent  of  the  total 
bill — including  tuition  and  room  and  board — or  100 
percent  of  tuition  alone  and  pay  the  money  back  in 
monthly  installments  over  eight  years,  instead  of  four. 
"Since  the  University  intends  to  issue  tax-exempt  bonds 
by  a  new  Massachusetts  state  authority,  we  will  be  able  to 
offer  parents  financing  significantly  below  current  market 
rates,"  Burton  Wolfman,  vice  president  for  finance, 
explained. 

It  is  expected  that  the  loans — which  will  be  serviced  by  a 
private  collection  agency— will  be  available  at  12  percent 
interest  or  even  lower. 

The  loan  program,  like  the  prepayment  plan,  not  only 
eliminates  future  tuition  increases  but  also  benefits 
parents  by  permitting  them  to  spread  the  cost  of 
education  over  eight  years  and  shifts  the  increase  in 
tuition  to  interest  payments,  which  are,  of  course,  tax 
deductible. 

"  This  loan  program  will  help  provide  middle-income 
families  with  liquidity  since  it  effectively  reduces  their 
cash  needs  by  one-half  over  the  four-year  period  their 
child  is  at  Brandeis,"  Mr.  Wolfman  noted.  "The  necessity 
for  such  a  program  is  evident  when  you  consider  that  one- 
third  of  our  student  population  fell  outside  of  Federal  need 
criteria  last  year." 

To  be  eligible  for  the  loan  program,  parents  must  pass  a 
standard  test  of  credit-worthiness  administered  by  a  local 
bank.  Repayments  begin  the  first  month  of  the  student's 
freshman  year  and  continue  for  eight  years,  although 
parents  can  pay  more  at  the  beginning  to  reduce  future 
payments  or  repay  a  portion  of  the  loan  to  reduce  the 
amount  outstanding. 


Brandeis  estimates  that  monthly  payments  will  be  about 
$550  for  parents  borrowing  in  1983  based  on  a  one-year 
tuition  rate  of  $8,415  and  a  12  percent  interest  rate. 
Although  students  on  financial  aid  cannot  qualify  for  the 
loan  program,  in  most  cases  it  will  be  financially 
advantageous  for  parents  who  receive  a  minimum  amount 
of  financial  aid  to  take  advantage  of  the  loan  program 
instead. 

"This  program  is  not  a  financial  program  and  will  not  in 
any  way  reduce  the  University's  current  commitment  to 
financial  aid  for  students  in  need,"  Mr.  Wolfman 
emphasized.  "lust  as  the  University  has  traditionally 
supported  the  best  students  from  lower-income  levels,  the 
Brandeis  Plan  is  an  ambitious  attempt  to  insure  that  the 
best  middle  and  upper-middle  income  students  are  not 
prevented  from  obtaining  an  education  here." 

For  further  information  about  The  Brandeis  Plan,  write 
either  the  Office  of  Finance  or  the  Admissions  Office. 


NBW  YORK  TUESDAY,   DBCBMBBR  14,  1M2 

Brandeis 

Offers  Pay-Now  Fees  at 

Fixed  Price 


Cv^ft^e  nana  Km  Tafe -itaM 


WALTHAM.  Mass..  Dec.  12  ~  Next 
year  Brandeis  University  will  offer  par- 
ents an  opportunity  to  insulate  them- 
selves fnmi  as  mud)  as  (4,000  in  tuition 
increases  by  paying  m  idvance  for  all 
four  yeara  of  Ibdr  children's  college 
education- 

A  handful  of  other  private  unlver?!- 
ties  have  similar  tuition  prepayment 
loan  programs,  but  Brandeis  has  devel- 
oped an  additional  rwisi  intended  to 
help  mlddle-iQcome  families.  The 
school  win  lend  parents  up  to  75  percent 
of  the  total  coLege  bill,  including  room 
and  board.  The  loans  will  be  secured 
through  the  floating  of  tax-exempt 
hoods  by  the  newly  created  State  Stu- 
dent Loan  Authority 

Braixlets  will  then  sell  the  promis- 
sory notes  signed  by  the  parents  to  the 
authority,    and    a    private    collection  I 
agency  will  handle  the  monthly  billing  ' 
over  eight  years. 

Financial  officers  at  the  university 
estimated  that  such  loans  could  reduce  I 
parents'  cash  needs  by  up  to  50  percent 
and  save  them  more  than  J4.000  in  pro- 
jected  annual  ruition  increases. 


Evelyn  Handler,  president-designate 
of  Brandeis,  said  the  program  was  a 
necessary  step  for  an  expensive  private 
instituuan  competing  for  a  dvnndling 
number  of  students  in  an  era  of  eco- 
nomic uncertainty 

"We're  trying  to  avert  a  crisis,"  she 
said,  ■•All  colleges  are  busy  developing 
ways  to  assist  the  famihes  of  their  stu- 
dents. They  have  to  " 

Washingtcn  University  in  St  Louis 
was  the  first  college  to  offer  such  a  pro- 
gram, five  years  ago  Urwler  its  pro- 
gram faniilies  can  pay  four  years  of  tui- 
tion at  the  freshman  year  rate,  and,  if 
necessary,  they  can  borrow  the  fund'^ 
from  the  university  at  13  percent  a  year 
with  repayment  over  eight  years 

•'It  works  well  for  both  parties."  said 
William  H  Turner,  director  of  admis- 
sions. "The  family  gets  an  income  tax 
deduction  on  the  interest  As  a  tioniax- 
able  institution,  the  university  gets  the 
full  income  of  the  money  it  receives  up 
fnjnt." 

Mr  Turner  said  that  Washington  Uni- 
versity had  received  inquines  from 
"about  half  the  colleges  in  the  coun- 
try "  Others  that  have  adopted  some 
sort  of  plan  include  the  Universit>'  of 
Southern  California,  the  Umversit>'  of 
Santa  Clara.  Case  Western  Reserve 
Univenity  and  Tulane  University. 


PiDgram  BesbB  Next  Fan 


The  Brandeis  program  begins  next 
fall  and  the  first  tax-exempt  bonds  will 
not  be  sold  until  later  in  the  school  year 
In  the  meantime.  Brandeis  will  rely  on 
privaie  bank  loans  to  nnance  the  pro- 
gram. 


Because  the  money  will  come 
through  the  sale  of  the  lax-exempt 
bonds,  the  loans  will  be  offered  at  inter- 
est levels  below  the  martet  rate,  thus 
helping  middle-income  students  with- 
out forcing  the  university  to  cut  back  its 
assistance  lo  lower-income  students 

The  program  will  enable  Brandeis  to 
continue  its  policy  of  admitting  students 
without  regard  to  ability  to  pay  Earlier 
this  year,  Wesleyan  University  in  Mld- 
dletown,  Cotm  ,  announced  that  it  could 
no  longer  guarantee  financial  aid  to  all 
students  because  of  antiapeted  cut- 
backs in  Federal  student  assistance 

"Our  primary  concern  is  to  provide 
middle-income  families  with  liquidity," 
Burton  Wolfman.  financial  vice-presi- 
dent of  Brandeis.  said  "One-thixl  of 
our  student  populaDon  fell  outside  of 
Federal  need  criteria  last  year  ' ' 

'We  cannot  afford  to  lose  potentially 
qualified  students  to  public  schools  be- 
cause of  the  ccst,"  be  said.  "We  can  get 
the  bodies  —  it's  the  talent  we're  wor- 
ried about." 

Tuition  at  Brandeis  this  year  Is  $7,600, 
up  14  percent  over  the  1981-ffl  school 
year,  and  administrators  project  10  to 
12  percent  annual  increases  over  the 
next  several  years  Annual  costs,  in- 
cluding room  and  board,  total  SIl.SOO 
this  year 

Mr  Wolfman  estimates  that  800  of  the 
3.800  undergraduates  at  Brandeis  will 
be  eligible  for  the  plan. 


Concentration  in 
European  Cultural  Studies 
Receives  Approval 


A  concentration  in  European 
Cultural  Studies,  offered  for 
the  first  time  this  fall,  will 
provide  a  three-year 
historical  and  cultural 
journey  through  Europe.  But 
the  travelling  will  take  place 
within  the  confines  of  the 
mind  and  imagination. 

A  model  for  the  program 
might  be  that  of  an 
intelligent  and  curious 
traveller  abroad  who  will 
inevitably  observe  a 
country's  art  and 
architecture,  learn  about 
its  literature  and  music, 
and  relate  its  history 
and  thought.  In  short, 
experiencing  a  foreign 
culture  IS  like  assembling 
pieces  of  a  puzzle  in  order 
to  gain  a  coherent  image. 

Assembling  such  a  puzzle 
will  be  precisely  what 
students  enrolled  in 
European  Cultural  Studies 
will  be  doing.  They  will 
also  be  participating  in  one 
of  the  most  ambitious 
interdisciplinary  majors  that 
Brandeis  has  ever  offered — 
indeed  it  may  be  one  of  the 
most  comprehensive  such 
concentrations  offered  in  any 
university. 

The  trip  will  not  require 
ever  leaving  the  campus, 
although  ECS  students 
will  be  encouraged  to  spend 
some  time  abroad.  The 
concentration  will  provide 
a  guided  tour  through 
European  culture  from 
the  Middle  Ages  to  the 
twentieth  century,  which  no 
guidebook  or  tour  leader 
could  ever  provide. 
Those  enrolling,  will  be 
undertaking  a  serious 
rigorous  course  of  study 
under  expert  guidance. 
Through  various  available 
options,  students  will  be 
able  to  plan  individual 
programs  in  consultation 
with  advisers  and  pursue 
their  special  interests  in 
literature  in  conjunction 
with  one  or  more  of  the 
following  related  disciplines; 
history,  philosophy,  fine  arts, 
music  and  theater  arts. 


For  example,  a  student  might 
elect  to  study  the  literature, 
art,  music,  and  theater 
in  nineteenth  or  twentieth- 
century  England  or  in  any 
one  of  five  continental 
countries:  France,  Germany, 
Italy  Russia,  and  Spain.  Or  a 
student  may  focus  on  the 
literature,  history, 
philosophy,  and  art  of 
Medieval  and  Renaissance 
culture  in  any  one  country  or 
several.  A  minimum  of  three 
courses  in  comparative 
literature  will  provide 
students  with  a  cross- 
cultural  base,  and  all  the 
literature  courses  are 
designed  to  offer  literary 
texts  within  broad  cultural 
contexts.  As  with  any 
foreign  travel,  the  keys  to 
success  are  careful  planning 
and  a  coherent  itinerary.  A 
carefully  integrated  course  of 
studies  can  insure  that  these 
aims  are  met. 

Concentrators  should 
be  students  who  are 
temperamentally 
adventurous  travellers,  who 
have  the  desire,  energy  and 
ability  to  range  far  afield. 
Their  reward  will  be 
fashioning  a  sense  of  unity 
out  of  diversity — the  closest 
humanists  can  approach  the 
experience  of  theoretical  or 
abstract  mathematics. 

This  new  concentration 
holds  special  significance  for 
Brandeis,  particularly  now. 
Brandeis  has  traditionally 
been  hospitable  to  an 
international  perspective — 
in  Its  faculty,  its  students, 
and  Its  curriculum.  In 
addition,  Brandeis  has  been 
sensitive  to  the  meaning  of 
a  liberal  arts  education,  and 
today,  more  than  ever,  it  does 
not  intend  to  abandon  the 
prized  meaning  these  words 
endow  upon  any  institution. 


Humanistic  studies  have 
been  on  the  defensive  ever 
since  the  sciences  gained 
ascendancy  some  time  in 
the  latter  half  of  the 
eighteenth  century.  At  times 
it  seemed  as  if  the  struggle 
between  "two  cultures"  was 
being  waged  by  two  equal 
Titans.  When,  for  example, 
the  English  poet  and  social 
critic,  Matthew  Arnold, 
threw  down  the  gauntlet  in 
his  lecture,  "Literature  and 
Science,"  delivered  at 
Cambridge  just  a  century 
ago  in  1882,  he  took  on  the 
weaker  combatant,  the  great 
Thomas  Henry  Huxley.  The 
study  of  literature,  said 
Arnold,  had  recently  been 
considered  "an  elegant  one, 
but  light  and  ineffectual  .  .  . 
of  little  use  for  any  one 
whose  object  is  ...  to  be  a 
practical  man." 

Sound  familiar?  Offering 
a  number  of  reasons  he 
considered  irrefutable, 
Arnold — who  in  most 
matters  was  apt  to  be 
pessimistic — declared  with 
a  certainty  that  makes  a 
humanist's  heart  ache:  "And 
therefore  ...  I  cannot  really 
think  that  humane  letters 
are  in  much  actual  danger 
of  being  thrust  from  their 
leading  place  in  education 
...  So  long  as  human 
nature  is  what  it  is  their 
attractions  will  remain 
irresistible."  Poor  Arnold! 
How  wrong  he  was! 

Or  was  he?  Perhaps  one 
ought  not  to  be  too  hasty  m 
mourning  the  demise 
of  the  humanities.  True, 
the  humanities  no  longer 
occupy  the  "leading  place 
in  education;"  but  the 
establishment  of  an 
ambitiously  conceived 
concentration  in  European 
Cultural  Studies  at  Brandeis 
augurs  well  for  the  future 
and  reminds  us  of  the 
strength,  the  resiliency, 
and  the  enthusiasm  that 
stubbornly  holds  on  to  keep 
the  liberal  arts  description  of 
our  university  honest. 


That  European  Cultural 
Studies  comes  into  being  at  a 
time  when  the  marketplace 
makes  increasingly  strident 
demands  on  the  academy 
to  serve  the  needs  of  those 
mounting  numbers 
of  students  seeking 
"marketable  skills"  is  both 
encouraging  and  sobering. 
Computers  will  continue 
to  multiply,  and  economics 
majors  will  probably  not 
decline  m  number;  pre-meds 
will  submit  themselves  to 
the  annual  rite  of  passage 
through  organic  chemistry. 
But  European  Cultural 
Studies  was  not  created  to 
stand  in  opposition  to  any 
of  these  trends.  On  the 
contrary,  all  students  will  be 
welcome  whoever  they  are, 
whatever  their  major,  for 
this  concentration  is  an 
invitation  to  the  whole 
undergraduate  community 
to  avail  Itself  of  an  enriching 
journey,  to  sign  off  on  a  four- 
year  investment  with  a 
genuinely  liberal  arts 
experience. 

As  Matthew  Arnold  made 
clear,  true  culture  is  not 
an  elite  nor  isolated 
phenomenon,  quite  the 
contrary.  Culture  is  a  "social 
idea;  and  the  men  of  culture 
are  the  true  apostles  of 
equality.  The  great  men  of 
culture  .  .  .  have  had  a 
passion  for  diffusing  .  .  .  the 
best  knowledge,  the  best 
ideas  of  their  time  ...  to 
humanize  [knowledge],  to 
make  it  efficient  outside  the 
clique  of  the  cultivated  and 
learned  ..."  It  is  difficult  to 
conceive  of  words  that  better 
blend  in  with  the  ideals 
of  BrandeiS;  and  the 
European  Cultural  Studies 
concentration  is  committed 
to  their  eloquent  meaning. 


Edward  Engelberg 

Chair 

Committee  on  European 

Cultural  Studies 


Alumni  Profiles: 
The 

Differing 
Perspectives 


Henry  Grossman  '58 


The  following  photographic 
essay  highlights  the  work 
of  two  Brandeis  alumni- 
Henry  Grossman,  '58,  a 
prominent  theater  arts/ 
portrait  photographer  and 
Nicolo  Damiano  '80,  a 
commercial/ documentaiy 
photographer.  Their  work 
reflects  contrasting 
personalities  and 
backgrounds,  varied 
approaches  to  a  common 
medium,  and  the  different 
influences  of  a  shared  alma 
mater. 


Henry  M.  Grossman — who 
has  since  captured  on  film 
such  notables  as  John  F. 
Kennedy,  Eleanor  Roosevelt, 
David  Ben-Gurion,  Van 
Clibum  and  the  Beatles — 
received  early  encouragement 
at  Brandeis  where  he  held  a 
theater  arts  scholarship  and 
assisted  campus 
photographer  Ralph 
Norman. 

When  John  F.  Kennedy  came 
to  Brandeis  in  1960  as  guest 
speaker  for  Eleanor 
Roosevelt's  "Prospects  for 
Mankind"  TV  program, 
Flenry  had  the  opportunity 
to  meet  and  photograph  the 
man  who  earlier  that  day 
had  announced  his 
candidacy  for  president. 
It  was  the  first  of  many 
photographs  he  took  of 
JFK.  His  photographs  of 
Kennedy's  inauguration,  the 
president's  historic  meeting 
with  DeGaulle,  and 
eventually  the  president's 
funeral,  made  theur  way  to 
the  pages  of  leading  journals. 


Many  of  Henry's 
distinguished  photo- 
portraits  were  taken  while 
he  was  still  a  student  at 
Brandeis.  After  five  years 
here  (one  devoted  to 
graduate  study  in 
anthropology)  he  had 
accumulated  an  impressive 
portfolio  of  photographs  so 
that,  when  he  returned  to 
Manhattan,  his  work  was 
quickly  in  demand  by 
national  magazines  and 
newspapers.  In  1963  he 
photographed  the  Beatles 
for  major  publications  and 
eventually  he  became  the 
official  photographer  of 
many  Broadway  shows. 


Today  Henry  is  known 
mainly  as  an  arts  and 
personality  photographer  A 
long-standing  interest  m 
theater  and  opera  makes 
photographing  actors, 
actresses  and  opera  singers 
during  rehearsals  and 
performances  particularly 
enjoyable  for  him.  When  he 
is  not  busy  photographing 
performers  for  People,  Time, 
Glamour,  Ultra  and  New 
York  Magazine,  he  pursues 
another  passion — opera.  He 
has  sung  for  the  Hamburg 
Philharmonic  in  Europe,  and 
at  Tanglewood  in  Lenox, 
Massachusetts. 

Henry  believes  his  strong 
interest  in  the  arts  was 
nurtured  dunng  his  student 
days  at  Brandeis:  "The 
liberal  arts  education  I 
received  at  Brandeis  was 
broad  based,  exposing  me  to 
a  variety  of  viewpoints.  My 
years  there  provided  me  with 
heightened  sophistication 
and  wide-ranging  interests — 
qualities  essential  to  the 
photographer" 


32 


and 


Nicolo  Damiano  '80 


33 


Bom  in  the  village  of 
Orsogna,  in  the  Abruzzi 
region  of  Italy,  Nicolo  (Nick) 
Damiano  '80,  the  son  of 
sharecroppers,  was  the  first 
in  his  family  to  receive  a 
formal  education.  For  him,  a 
university  degree  became  an 
all-important  goal. 

As  an  immigrant,  I  came 
from  a  place  with  limited 
intellectual  opportunity  to  a 
vast  pool  of  knowledge. 
Some  of  my  classmates 
didn't  appreciate  Brandeis 
the  way  I  did,"  explains  the 
young  man  who  worked  on 
the  docks  of  South  Boston  to 
finance  a  college  education 
not  obtained  until  he  was 
well  into  his  twenties. 


"Other  students  didn't 
realize  what  Brandeis 
represented  and  didn't  fully 
value  the  principles  upon 
which  the  University  was 
founded  and  by  which  I  hope 
it  will  always  be  guided." 

The  summer  after  graduating 
from  Brandeis,  Nick  returned 
to  Orsogna  with  40  pounds 
of  photographic  equipment 
where,  after  a  22-year 
absence,  he  proceeded  to 
photograph  his  childhood 
home,  portraying  the 
influence  it  had  had  on  his 
life. 

He  is  particularly  interested 
in  photographing  people  who 
".  .  .  seem  to  be  one  step 
behind,  who  haven't  fulfilled 
their  dreams,  and  perhaps 
never  will.  Yet  they  retain  a 
sense  of  dignity  which  is  at 
once  touching  and  sad." 
These  people  concern  him 
because,  he  points  out,  he 
identifies  with  their 
struggles. 


Currently  pursuing 
photography  in  Maiden, 
Massachusetts,  Nick  is  also 
writing  a  short  story  about 
growing  up  in  his  tiny  Italian 
village.  His  wife,  Maria, 
chief  technologist  of 
vascular  radiology  at 
Brigham  and  Women's 
Hospital  in  Boston,  can  help 
him  recapture  those 
childhood  memories.  She, 
too,  is  a  native  of  Orsogna. 


University  News: 
Brandeis  in  Brief 


'83  Summer  School 
Sets  Twin  Sessions 


There  is  much  excitement 
around  Spmgold  Theater 
smce  the  recent 
announcement  of  two  new 
appomtments.  lose 
Quintero,  renowned  theater 
(and  film)  director,  will  join 
the  Theater  Arts  faculty  this 
fall,  although  he  is  already 
busy  organizing  the  newly 
instituted  graduate  program 
in  directing.  Mr.  Quintero 
will  travel  around  the 
country  in  the  upcoming 
months  recruiting  talented 
students  and  assistants  and 
plans  to  direct  main  stage 
productions  at  the 
University  The  other 
addition  is  Sam  Kirkpatnck, 
a  well-known  set  and 
costume  designer.  He  is 
already  on  campus. 

Professors  Morton  Keller  and 
Arthur  Reis,  Jr.  assumed 
their  newly  created  duties 
last  fall  as  liaisons  between 
Dean  of  the  Faculty  Anne  P. 
Carter  and  the  various 
University  departments.  As 
director  of  science  resources 
and  planning.  Professor  Reis 
helps  the  science  faculty 
develop  fund-raising 
proposals,  while  Professor 
Keller,  who  is  devoting  half 
of  his  working  time  to  the 
administrative  position, 
works  with  the  social 
sciences,  humanities  and 
creative  arts  departments. 

There  may  be  others,  but  at 
the  moment  we  are  aware  of 
two  Brandeis  graduates  who 
recently  joined  the 
University  administration. 
Michael  Hammerschmidt 
and  Jordan  Tannenbaum, 
both  of  the  class  of  72,  are 
members  of  the 
Development  staff  serving  as 
regional  development 
officers. 

Another  recent  appointment 
concerns  the  director  of 
public  affairs.  Barry  Wanger, 
who  comes  to  Brandeis  via 
the  University  of  California 
at  Santa  Barbara,  the 
National  Endowment  for  the 
Humanities  (where  he  was 
press  director)  and  is  a 
veteran  of  political 
campaigns  and  newspaper 
writing,  assumed  his  new 
position  January  3. 


At  the  same  time  that  we 
welcome  new  additions  to 
the  Brandeis  staff,  we  are 
forced  to  say  goodbye  to 
others.  This  time  it  is 
farewell  to  Joe  Maher,  who 
has  been  at  Brandies  since, 
well,  since  it  all  began  here. 
As  a  member  of  the 
buildings  and  grounds  staff, 
he  can  justly  claim  that  he 
knows  the  foundations  on 
which  this  university  was 
built. 

The  first  Summer  Jewish 
Festival  designed  for  alumni 
and  members  of  the 
National  Women's 
Committee  (and  their 
spouses)  will  take  place  this 
summer  on  the  Brandeis 
campus.  Sponsored  by  the 
University's  Benjamin  S. 
Homstein  Program  in  Jewish 
Communal  Service,  it  will 
feature  classes  on  Jewish 
issues.  There  will  be 
lectures,  seminars, 
presentations  of  Jewish 
music  and  film,  among  other 
events. 

Another  major  conference 
addressing  Jewish  issues  will 
take  place  April  16-19. 
Sponsored  by  the  Tauber 
Institute,  the  conference  will 
focus  on  "The  Jews  in 
Modem  France"  and  will 
bring  to  campus  historians, 
social  scientists  and  literary 
scholars  from  this  country 
and  abroad.  The  first 
conference  of  its  kind,  it  will 
be  held  with  the  support  of 
the  French  Cultural  Mission 
in  Boston. 

The  University  Press  of  New 
England  doesn't  usually 
publish  the  works  of 
students,  but  they've  made 
an  exception  in  Fern  L. 
Nesson's  case.  A  graduate 
student  in  history  at 
Brandeis,  Ms.  Nesson  has 
written  Great  Waters,  a 
historical  account  of 
Boston's  water  supply  which 
examines  past  attitudes 
toward  resource  use, 
conservation  and  self- 
sufficiency.  Brandeis  is  a 
member  of  the  University 
Press  of  New  England,  a 
publishing  consortium 
whose  members  include 
distinguished  colleges  and 
universities  throughout  the 
region. 


For  Saniord  Lottor,  director  of 
Continuing  Studies  at 
Brandeis,  thoughts  of 
summer  come  early — as 
early  as  December.  That's 
when  he  buckles  down  to 
the  serious  planning  of  the 
University's  next  summer 
school  program. 

This  year  the  results  look 
more  promising  than  ever. 

The  Brandeis  Summer 
School  program  will  feature 
two  5- week  sessions  in  1983, 
the  first  running  May  3 1  to 
July  1  and  a  second  from  July 
5  to  August  5.  Both 
undergraduate  and  graduate- 
level  courses  are  among  the 
over  80  scheduled  summer 
listings,  offered  on  a  credit  or 
non-credit  basis. 

Along  with  a  solid  selection 
of  liberal  arts  courses, 
summer  school  students 
take  classes  in  the 
premedical  sciences,  theater 
arts,  computer  sciences  and 
Judaic  studies.  Brandeis 
boasts  one  of  the  premiere 
premedical  programs  in  the 
country  and  nationally 
recognized  faculty  members 
instruct  classes  during  the 
summer  sessions. 

The  Near  Eastern  and  Judaic 
Studies  Department,  the 
largest  of  its  kind  in  this 
country,  offers  courses 
examining  topics  in  Judaism, 
Islam  and  Middle  East 
politics.  The  eleven  theater 
arts  courses  slated  for 
summer  '83  encompass 
acting,  directing  and 


choreography  as  well  as  the 
technical  and  admmistrative 
aspects  of  theater 
production.  A  top-notch 
theater  arts  faculty  does 
more  than  preach;  they 
practice. 

In  computer  science,  an 
expanded  array  of  courses 
enables  interested  students 
to  acquire  programming 
skills  through  classroom 
instruction  and  hands-on 
experience. 

While  diverse  course  options 
provide  excitement  on 
campus,  there  are  interesting 
overseas  alternatives  as  well. 
The  Classical  and  Oriental 
Studies  Department  again 
offers  Its  "Land  of  Gerar" 
research  project  during  the 
second  summer  session. 
This  8-credit  archaeological 
expedition  affords  students 
first-hand  experience  at  an 
ongoing  excavation  site  in 
Israel.  Another  course  with 
international  flair  is  the 
Theater  Arts  Department's 
costume  history  and  design 
course  which  includes  field 
research  in  London. 

Brandeis  Summer  School  is 
open  to  college  students  as 
well  as  members  of  the 
general  community. 
Qualified  high  school 
students  will  also  be 
considered  for  summer 
eniollment. 

For  information  about  course 
offerings  and  registration, 
contact  Sanford  Lottor, 
director  of  Continuing 
Studies,  Brandeis  University, 
Waltham,  MA  02254  or 
phone  (617)  647-2796. 

Jose  Quintero, 
renowned  theater 
director,  is  named 
Artistic  Director  of 
Spingold  Theater 
beginning  in  the  fall 
of  1983. 


34 


Former  Boston  Health 
Commissioner 
Named  Senior  Fellow 
at  Heller 

David  Rosenbloom,  former 
commissioner  of  Health  and 
Hospitals  for  the  City  of 
Boston,  was  named  senior 
fellow  of  the  Heller  School's 
Center  for  Health  Policy 
Analysis  and  Research  in 
January.  He  specializes  in 
health  management  in 
Heller's  Management  of 
Human  Resources  Program 
and  is  also  involved  in 
several  research  projects 
concerning  the  future  of 
public  hospitals  in  this 
country  and  the  changing 
role  of  Medicaid  as  a  funding 
program  for  health  services 
of  the  poor  Mr  Rosenbloom, 
who  holds  a  Ph.D.  degree 
from  the  Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology,  has 
been  an  adjunct  lecturer  at 
the  Heller  School  smce  the 
spring  of  1980. 


Homecoming  Under 
Full  Sail 


Homecoming  '82  was 
celebrated  in  late  October, 
the  first  observance  of  that 
tradition  since  1961. 
Students,  faculty  and  alumni 
cheered  the  weekend 
victories  of  the  soccer  and 
hockey  teams  while  parties, 
dinners  and  a  concert  (a  few 
of  the  many  programs 
scheduled)  drew  unqualified 
praise  and  a  warm  reception. 
The  Programming  Board's 
successful  effort, 
complemented  by  strong 
support  from  the  campus 
community,  have  led  to 
plans  for  1983.  Welcome 
home.  Homecoming! 


Solarz  '62 

Elected  To  Board  of 

Trustees 


Representative  Stephen  J. 
Solarz  (D-N.Y.I,  a  1962 
graduate  of  Brandeis  and  the 
first  alumnus  to  win  a 
Congressional  seat,  has  been 
elected  to  the  University's 
Board  of  Trustees  for  a  five- 
year  term.  A  fellow  of  the 
University  since  1976,  he 
also  served  three  years  as  an 
alumni  term  trustee. 
Representative  Solarz 
majored  in  politics  at 
Brandeis  and  later  earned  his 
master 's  degree  in  public  law 
and  government  at 
Columbia  University.  He 
won  his  first  Congressional 
election  in  1974. 


Traveling  and 
Insurance  Programs 
Available  to  Alumni 


The  Brandeis  Traveler — will 
take  you  there,  be  it  China, 
Africa,  Egypt,  the  Orient,  the 
Caribbean  or  other  exotic 
places.  This  travel  program 
has  been  designed  especially 
for  the  entire  Brandeis 
community — alumni, 
parents,  members  of  the 
Brandeis  University 
National  Women's 
Committee,  faculty  and 
staff.  The  Alumni  Insurance 
Program — is  a  term  life 
insurance  program  which 
has  available  plans  of 
coverage  ranging  from 
$10,000-550,000.  Alumni 
who  are  interested  in  finding 
out  more  about  the  travel  or 
insurance  programs  should 
call  the  Alumni  Office  |617) 
647-2307. 


Joseph  Mailman 
Honored  at 
Anniversary  of 
Counseling  Center 

Over  100  people  turned  out 
to  hear  a  panel  of 
distinguished  psychologists 
discuss  issues  of  theory  and 
practice  in  psychological 
work  with  college  students 
during  a  special  conference 
November  6  marking  the 
30th  anniversary  of  the 
Brandeis  Psychological 
Counseling  Center. 

Conference  participants  paid 
tribute  to  Eugenia 
Hanfmann  who  established 
the  Center  in  1952  under  the 
sponsorship  of  Abraham 
Maslow,  then  chairman  of 
the  Psychology  Department. 
Ms.  Hanfmann 's  work  and 
writing  in  the  area  of  college 
counseling  have  been  widely 
recognized. 

Also  honored  at  the  one-day 
symposium  was  Joseph 
Mailman,  Brandeis  trustee 
emeritus,  whose  donations 
enabled  the  University  in 
1972  to  build  Mailman 
House,  site  of  the 
Counseling  Center,  and 
whose  continued  financial 
support  has  allowed  the 
Center  recently  to  expand  its 
services. 

Conference  attendees 
included  graduate  students 
and  staff  members  formerly 
affiliated  with  the  Center, 
regional  college  counselors, 
and  practitioners  from  out- 
patient clinics  in  the  Boston 
area. 

Since  its  inception,  the 
Brandeis  Counseling  Center 
has  provided  University 
students  with  easily 
accessible  psychological 
services,  geared  to  the  needs 
of  the  student  community. 


Wolfman  Promoted  to 
Vice  President  For 
Financial  Affairs 


Burton  I.  Wolfman,  formerly 
budget  director  in  the  Office 
of  the  President,  has  been 
promoted  to  vice  president 
for  financial  affairs.  In  his 
new  post  Mr  Wolfman 
serves  as  the  University's 
chief  financial  planner  and 
continues  to  oversee  the 
design  and  implementation 
of  Brandeis'  new 
management  information 
systems.  Poor  to  joining  the 
admimstrative  staff  in  1980, 
he  was  administrative  dean 
and  vice  president  of 
Radcliffe  College.  His 
professional  background  also 
includes  a  period  as 
undersecretary  of 
educational  affairs  for  the 
Commonwealth  of 
Massachusetts. 


Yiddish  Film  Shown 
at  New  York  Film 
Festival 


Fianzblau  Children 
Establish  Scholarship 


Lemberg  Children's 
Center  Receives 
Donation 


Popular  Jewish 
Communal  Program 
Will  be  Repeated 


Could  a  1939  Yiddish  film  be 
the  next  box  office  hit?  Well, 
perhaps  not,  but  it  was  one 
of  the  few  select  films 
shown  at  the  20th  New  York 
Film  Festival  and  the  first 
Yiddish  film  ever  accorded 
that  honor. 

"The  Light  Ahead"  was 
directed  by  Edgar  G.  Ulmer 
but,  unlike  Ulmer's  other, 
frequently-shown  Yiddish 
films  such  as  "Green  Fields" 
and  "The  Singing 
Blacksmith,"  this  1939 
classic  had  long  been  out  of 
circulation  and  feared  lost. 

Its  appearance  at  the  New 
York  Film  Festival  is 
testimony  to  the  ongoing 
efforts  of  the  National 
Center  for  Jewish  Film,  a 
nonprofit  archive  and  study 
center  located  on  the 
Brandeis  campus. 

Working  in  close  association 
with  the  University  and  the 
American  Jewish  Historical 
Society,  the  Center  is  a 
unique  library  of  Jewish 
cinematographic  materials. 
Since  its  establishment  in 
1976,  the  Center  has 
acquired,  identified,  and 
restored  hundreds  of  films 
from  private  collections, 
filmmakers  and  Jewish 
organizations,  both  here  and 
abroad.  Last  year,  the  Center 
was  one  of  eight 
organizations  chosen  to 
receive  funding  from  the 
American  Film  Institute/ 
National  Endowment  for  the 
Arts  for  film  preservation 
projects. 

Following  its  October  6 
viewing  at  the  New  York 
Film  Festival,  "The  Light 
Ahead"  enjoyed  a  successful 
commercial  run  at  New  York 
City's  Embassy  Theatre. 


A  fellowship  honoring  the 
late  Eugene  Franzblau  of  San 
Francisco  was  recently 
established  at  Brandeis  by 
his  children,  Mrs.  Morris  D. 
Baker  of  Bloomfield  Hills, 
Michigan,  and  Dr.  Michael  J. 
Franzblau  of  San  Francisco. 

Eugene  Franzblau 's  deep  love 
of  Jewish  music  and  his 
strong  interest  in  Yiddish  as 
a  viable  Jewish  language  will 
be  commemorated  through  a 
fellowship  which  will 
support  highly  motivated, 
outstanding  individuals 
interested  in  pursuing 
graduate  work  in  Judaic 
Studies  at  the  University. 

Erwin  M.  Sekulow,  vice 
president  of  development 
and  University  relations, 
called  the  Franzblau 
Memorial  Fellowship  "a 
fitting  tribute  to  a  man 
whose  interest  and 
involvement  in  Jewish 
affairs  spanned  his  86-year 
lifetime." 


In  the  fall  of  1982,  Bemice 
Factor  of  Belmont, 
Massachusetts  donated  over 
300  books  to  the  Lemberg 
Children's  Center,  a  day-care 
facility  established  12  years 
ago  on  the  Brandeis  campus. 
This  collection  of  books  on 
early  childhood  education, 
child  psychiatry  and  other 
related  fields  has  already 
been  made  available  to 
members  of  the  Lemberg 
Center  staff,  parents  of 
children  enrolled  at  the 
Center,  as  well  as  to  the 
Brandeis  students  who 
receive  training  at  the 
Center  as  part  of  their 
program  in  education, 
psychology  or  sociology. 

Howard  Baker,  director  of  the 
Lemberg  Children's  Center, 
notes  that  donations  of 
children's  books,  games  or 
puzzles  are  always 
welcomed  and  well-utilized 
and  aid  the  Center  in 
providing  high  quality  child 


Those  interested  in  making 
such  a  tax-deductible 
contribution  should  contact 
Mr.  Baker  at  the  Lemberg 
Children's  Center. 


Deaths 


Summer  institutes  that  have 
proved  to  be  among  the  most 
popular  ever  established  by 
the  Hornstein  Program  in 
Jewish  Communal  Service 
are  being  repeated  June  27- 
30.  Continuing  Professional 
Education  Institutes  for 
Jewish  communal  leaders 
from  North  America  will 
deal  with  a  variety  of  themes 
and  topics — from 
management  skills  to  Judaic 
text  study — designed  to  help 
communal  workers,  rabbis 
and  Jewish  educators 
respond  to  the  changing 
needs  of  the  Jewish 
community. 

Further  information  may  be 
obtained  by  calling  (617) 
647-2641  or  by  writmg 
Professor  Jonathan  Woocher, 
Hornstein  Program,  Brandeis 
University. 


University  Fellow  Bernard 
Landers  of  Newton  died  in 
January  at  Beth  Israel 
Hospital  in  Brookline, 
Massachusetts.  The  89-year- 
old  philanthropist  was  a  vice 
president  of  Phillips  Brother 
Chemicals  Co.  in  New  York 
until  his  retirement  in  1975. 
He  and  his  late  wife,  Fanny 
were  affiliated  with  the 
University  from  its  earliest 
days  and  they  established  a 
chemistry  laboratory  at 
Brandeis. 


Brandeis  received 
notification  m  January  of  the 
death  of  Abraham  Shiffman 
of  Detroit,  a  long-time 
fellow  of  the  Umversity 
who,  with  his  wife,  Lucille, 
underwrote  construction  of 
the  Shiffman  Humanities 
Center  The  philanthropist 
was  among  the  University's 
earliest  supporters  as  well  as 
a  generous  benefactor  to  a 
number  of  other  causes. 


Athletics: 


Varney  Hits  His  Stride 


37   To  Brandeis  baseball  coach 
Pete  Vamey,  there  are  some 
things  more  important  than 
money. 

After  all,  how  many  1 7-year- 
old  sluggers  fresh  out  of  high 
school  would  turn  down  a 
$78,000  bonus  just  for 
signmg  a  major  league 
contract? 

The  offer  was  made  to 
Vamey  in  1966  by  baseball's 
Peck's  Bad  Boy  B.S.  (Before 
Steinbrenner)  Charles  O. 
Finley  the  colorful  and 
controversial  former  owner 
of  the  Oakland  A's. 

"It  wasn't  easy  turning  down 
all  that  money,"  admits 
Vamey,  a  soft-spoken, 
modest  sort  whose  gentle 
tone  belies  his  6'2",  250 
pound  frame.  "But  it  would 
have  been  a  little  like 
throwing  a  sheep  to  the 
wolves  because  1  wasn't  a 
very  mature  individual  back 
then.  I  needed  to  grow  up. 
And  I  needed  some 
additional  education." 

Vamey's  father  also  played  a 
role  in  his  son's  decision  to 
forego  the  big  money.  "He 
was  from  a  working  class        * 
background — he's  been  in 
the  roofing  business  for 
nearly  all  his  adult  life — and 
he  wanted  me  to  get  the  best 
education  possible." 

So  Vamey,  who  had  starred  in 
both  baseball  and  football  at 
North  Quincy 
(Massachusetts)  High 
School,  passed  up  Charlie 
O's  forceful  imprecations 
and  went  to  Deerfield 
Academy  in  Northampton, 
Massachusetts  for  a  year  of 
prep  school  seasoning. 

"That  worked  out  well,"  says 
Vamey,  understating  the  case 
a  bit. 

He  went  on  to  Harvard. 

Pete  Varney ...  is  the  name 
coming  back  to  you  now? 
Wasn't  he  the  one  who 
caught  that  two-point 
conversion  on  the  last  play 
of  The  Game  in  1968  to  tie 
Yale  29-29? 

"People  still  want  to  talk  to 
me  about  that,"  says  Vamey, 
who,  in  addition  to  being 


the  answer  to  that  trivia 
question,  also  happens  to  be 
the  fifth  leading  receiver  in 
Harvard  football  history.  "I 
guess  the  incredible  ending 
when  we  scored  16  points  in 
the  last  minute  to  gain  the 
tie  IS  the  reason  people  still 
remember  it  so  vividly.  But  I 
think  what  even  adds  to  the 
aura  was  the  fact  that  both 
teams  were  undefeated 
coming  into  the  Harvard- 
Yale  game  that  year.  And  we 
were  both  undefeated  when 
It  was  over,  too." 

In  the  end,  though,  it  was 
the  last,  frenetic  42  seconds 
of  that  almost  mythical 
tussle  that  causes  four  times 
the  40,000  people  who 
attended  The  Game  in  1968 
to  claim  they  remember 
being  there.  Today,  in 
Harvard  Yard  at  least,  it  is 
still  gospel  that  the  Crimson 
"beat"  Yale  that  November 
day  29-29. 

To  Varney,  who  celebrated 
with  his  father  and  20 
friends  that  night  at  the  Pier 
4  restaurant,  football  was 
fun,  but  baseball  was  true 
religion. 

'I  always  knew  baseball  was 
the  direction  I  was  headed 
m,  even  back  in  high  school. 
I  just  wanted  to  be  a  major 
league  ballplayer." 

Apparently  the  Dallas 
Cowboys  knew  that  too. 
"America's  Team"  was 
interested  in  signing  the  all- 
Ivy  League  tight  end  after  his 
final  Harvard  season  in  1970. 
"I  talked  to  them,  but  I  think 
even  they  knew  I  was  just 
trying  to  get  some  added 
leverage  for  a  baseball 
contract,"  Varney  smiles. 

He  finally  signed  a  major 
league  contract  in  1971  after 
leading  Harvard  to  the 
NCAA  College  World  Series 
and  being  named  All 
American  in  his  senior  year. 
During  his  three-season 
varsity  career,  he  batted  a 
robust  and  impeccably 
consistent  .376,  .377  and 
.378. 

But  when  he  finally  signed 
with  the  Chicago  White  Sox, 
It  wasn't  for  $78,000. 

It  was  for  less,  far  less. 


"I  had  been  drafted  six  times 
during  my  college  career  and 
each  time  the  money  offers 
kept  getting  smaller."  Pete 
Vamey,  the  erstwhile  young 
phenomenon,  was  getting 
old.  He  was  22. 

Assigned  to  the  second  of 
baseball's  three-rung  farm 
system — double  A  ball  in 
Asheville,  North  Carolina — 
Vamey  initially  had  a 
difficult  time  of  it.  "It  was  an 
adjustment  period,"  he 
concedes.  The  following 
season  he  had  a  terrific  year, 
hitting  for  power  ( 1 8 
homers)  and  average  and 
catching  well  enough  to  be 
assigned  to  Tucson  in  triple 
A.  But  again,  he  struggled. 
The  next  year  in  Des  Moines 
was  better  and  by  spring 
training  of  1974,  he  thought 
he  had  a  good  shot  at  making 


Play  Ball! 

Brandeis  baseball  coach  and 
former  major  league  catcher 
Pete  Varney  contemplates 
another  fine  season  for  the 
fudges. 


Alumni  Area 
Activities 


the  parent  club.  He  didn't 
make  the  roster,  but  the 
White  Sox  called  him  up  in 
the  middle  of  the  year  and  he 
caught  28  games  as  back-up 
to  first-string  catcher  Ed 
Hermann. 

After  starting  the  1976 
season  with  the  White  Sox, 
Vamey  was  traded  to  the 
Atlanta  Braves  and  assigned 
to  their  triple  A  team  in 
Richmond,  Virginia.  After 
another  brief  "cup  of  coffee" 
with  the  Braves  in  1976 — he 
got  into  three  games — he 
had  a  fine  season  the 
following  year  with 
Richmond,  batting  .290  and 
playing  well  defensively. 

By  the  end  of  1977,  Vamey 
had  become  a  free  agent  and 
he  offered  his  services  to 
other  major  league  clubs. 
There  were  no  takers.  At  27, 
his  playing  career  was  at  a 
crossroad. 

"  I  really  didn't  think  I  could 
do  much  better  than  I  had 
done  so  I  turned  to  coachmg, " 
says  Vamey,  who  avers  that 
often  major  league  scouts, 
coaches  or  managers  will 
attach  labels  to  players  that 
can  never  be  erased. 

"They  might  decide  you  can't 
mn  or  your  throwing  arm 
isn't  strong  enough  and  no 
matter  how  well  you  do,  it 
is  extremely  difficult  to 
overcome  their  image  of 
you,"  he  says.  But  what 
really  hurts  is  that  rarely  will 
they  ever  tell  a  player  what 
they  think  his  deficiency  is." 

Now  in  his  second  year  as 
head  coach  at  Brandeis, 
where  the  perennially  strong 
Judges  finished  23-13-1,  won 
the  Greater  Boston  League 
title,  and  captured  a  berth  in 
the  NCAA  Division  10 
tournament,  Vamey  is 
resolved  not  to  emulate  that 
secretive  trait. 

"If  someone  needs  help, 
either  on  or  off  the  field,  I'd 
like  to  talk  to  the  player 
about  It  pnvately,"  he 
explains.  "And  I  want  the 
players  to  feel  they  can  come 
to  me  if  they  don't  like  their 
situation,  or  they  feel  they're 
not  playing  enough.  Each 
person  is  different  and  you 
can't  handle  everyone  the 
same  way." 


The  33-year-old  Acton 
resident  has  a  similarly 
"balanced"  approach  to 
coaching  baseball  at 
Brandeis,  a  school  that  does 
not  offer  athletic 
scholarships.  "We  want  to 
maximize  individual  talents 
within  a  team  concept 
because  no  matter  where 
you  go  to  school,  very  few 
athletes  go  on  to  play 
professionally,"  he  says. 
"What  we  offer  is  the 
opportunity  to  get  a  superb 
education  and  have  fun  in  a 
very  competitive  program." 

Vamey,  who  coached 
baseball  for  three  years  at 
Narragansett  High  School  in 
Templeton,  Massachusetts 
before  coming  to  Brandeis,  is 
optimistic  about  the 
upcoming  season,  especially 
on  the  heels  of  a  17-4  record 
in  the  fall. 

"But  It  all  depends  on  our 
pitching,"  he  smiles, 
sounding  an  age-old  baseball 
refrain.  "If  our  pitching 
comes  through,  we  should  be 
strong  contenders  with 
Harvard  and  Boston  College 
in  the  Greater  Boston  League 
because  our  starting  line-up 
looks  solid  both  offensively 
and  defensively."  The  Judges, 
who  lost  just  two  starters 
from  last  year  to 
graduation — one,  Vincent 
Russomagno,  signed  with 
the  St.  Louis  Cardinals — will 
field  junior  Stephen  Reid  of 
Brockton,  Massachusetts  at 
first  base,  sophomores  Sean 
Hughes  of  Nashua,  New 
Hampshire  at  second, 
Ronald  Russell  of 
Bellingham,  Massachusetts 
at  third,  and  Angel  Bonilla  of 
New  York  City  at  shortstop; 
and  junior  Dwayne  Follette 
of  Plymouth,  Massachusetts, 
the  team  captain,  behind  the 
plate.  Sophomore  William 
Datre  of  Westbrook, 
Connecticut,  junior  Michael 
Koff man  of  Brighton, 
Massachusetts,  junior 
Timothy  Rapoza  of 
Wrentham,  Massachusetts 
and  sophomore  Cesar 
Guillermo  of  New  York  City 
will  battle  for  the  three 
outfield  positions. 

With  three  fine  hurlers  lost 
to  graduation,  Vamey's  still 
questionable  pitching  staff 
includes  Massachusetts 


starters  Larry  Machado,  a 
senior  from  Lowell; 
freshman  Rogelio  Benitez  of 
Jamaica  Plain;  senior 
William  Buckley  of 
Dorchester  and  relief  aces 
Rodger  Hebert  of  Warren,  a 
junior,  and  senior  Roland 
Nadeau  of  Newburyport. 

Vamey  will  get  to  see  how 
his  "big  boys"  look  when  the 
Judges  open  the  season 
March  25  with  a  rigorous 
five-game  southem  trip 
featuring  games  against 
Norfolk  State,  Christopher 
Newport,  William  and  Mary, 
Salzbury  State  and  the 
University  of  Maryland. 

"If  it's  warm,  it'll  seem  like 
I'm  back  in  spring  training 
all  over  again, "  the  former 
big  league  catcher  laughs. 
"Especially  if  we  win  'em 
all." 


lerry  Rosenswaike 


Atlanta 

Twenty  Brandeis  alumni 
gathered  at  Lisa  Mehler 
Cohen's  '63  home  December 
9  for  the  purpose  of  forming 
a  Brandeis  Alumni  Chapter 
m  Atlanta.  It  was  a 
successful  meeting,  and 
several  alumni  met  former 
classmates  they  had  not  seen 
in  many  years. 

Boston 

Greater  Boston  Chapter 
members  held  a  theater 
party  December  16  when 
they  attended  the  motown 
musical,  Dancin'  m  the 
Street.  An  alumna  who  was 
sitting  in  the  front  row  was 
pulled  into  the  act  with  one 
of  the  lead  singers — many  a 
laugh  was  had  by  all! 

Chicago 

Sheldon  '60  and  Arlene  Gray 
hosted  a  reception  and 
dirmer  on  behalf  of  the 
Alumni  Fund  with  special 
guest  speaker,  Tmstee  Rena 
Shapiro  Blumberg  '56, 
December  16.  Committee 
members  Melanie  Rovner 
Cohen  '65,  John  Levin  '64, 
Norman  Merwise  '61, 
Steven  Mora  '65,  Michael 
Oberman  '64,  Paula 
Dubofsky  Resnick  '61  and 
David  Roston  '64  organized 
this  event  (see  photo|  .  .  . 
The  Chicago  Chapter  held 
its  second  annual  broom 
hockey  tournament — 
alumni  vs.  Brandeis  students 
in  January.  Ten  students  took 
on  1 5  alumni  in  a  battle  for 
the  championship.  The  game 
ended  in  a  tie  score.  A 
general  recovery  period  and 
refreshments  followed  the 
game  at  the  home  of  Judith 
Osias  Kleiman  '65. 

Los  Angeles 

On  November  20  about  30 
persons  from  the  Southem 
California  Chapter  met  to 
hear  Dr.  Edward  Tobinick  '73 
speak  about  preventative 
dermatology  and  recent 
advances  in  that  field.  Ed  has 
a  private  practice  in  Beverly 
Hills  and  is  on  the  faculty  of 
University  of  California,  Los 
Angeles  School  of  Medicine. 
Stephen  Deitsch  '69, 
chairman  of  the  Steering 
Committee  of  the  Southem 
California  Chapter,  Tani 
Glazer  Sackler  '57  and 
Richard  Silverman  '54  were 
of  special  help  in  organizing 


38 


National  Dues  Update 


39   this  event  .  .  .  University 
Trustee  Michael  Sandel  '75; 
Allan  M.  Pepper  '64, 
chairman  of  the  Alumni 
Fund;  and  Tammy  Ader  '83 
brought  alumni  up-to-date 
on  campus  happenings  at  a 
brunch  on  January  9  at  the 
Riviera  Country  Club  in 
Pacific  Palisades.  Stephen 
Deitsch  '69,  vifelcomed  more 
than  65  alumni  to  this 
gathering  (see  photo).  This 
was  followed  by  a 
phonathon  on  behalf  of  the 
Alumni  Fund  on  January  10, 
organized  by  Neil  Schwartz 
78. 

New  York  City 

The  New  York  City  Chapter 
held  a  cocktail  reception  and 
Chmese  dinner,  honoring  the 
Alumni  Association's 
National  Board  of  Directors, 
January  22  at  Brandeis 
House  in  Manhattan  .  .  .  The 
next  major  New  York  event 
will  be  the  annual 
phonathon  for  the  Alumni 
Fund  in  March. 

Philadelphia 

The  Greater  Philadelphia 
Chapter  had  "An  Afternoon 
of  Food  for  Thought  and 
Palate"  at  the  home  of  Harry 
and  Marilyn  Baker  Appel  '54 
November  14.  An  energetic 
discussion  on  "Zionist- 
Palestinian  Relations" — 
featuring  Harriet 
Freidenreich,  history 
professor  at  Temple 
University;  and  Fred  Khouri, 
political  science  professor  at 
Villanova  University — was 
followed  by  wine,  cheese 
and  camaraderie.  Many  new 
faces  were  amidst  the  30 
alumni  who  attended.  There 
was  ample  opportunity  to 
mingle  and  make  new 
acquaintances.  Dr.  Lawrence 
Brown  '67,  the  new 
Philadelphia  Chapter 
president,  presided  over  this 
event  which  Barbara 
Zemboch  Presseisen  '58, 
member-at-large  of  the 
Board,  and  Marilyn  Baker 
Appel  '54,  president  of  the 
National  Alumni 
Association,  coordinated. 


San  Francisco 

Fine  Arts  Professor  Gerald  S. 
Bernstein  met  with 
Northern  California  alumni 
at  a  cocktail  reception  at  the 
Holos  Gallery  in  San 
Francisco  January  15.  Gary 
Zellerbach  '74  hosted  the 
reception  which  was 
organized  by  Stephan 
Meyers  '69. 

South  Florida 

South  Florida  alumni  had 
the  opportunity  to  welcome 
Brandeis  President-elect, 
Evelyn  E.  Handler,  at  a 
special  reception  in  her 
honor  at  the  home  of  Dr. 
Harry  and  Deborah 
Tellerman  Berkowitz  '71  on 
February  12.  Prior  to  the 
reception,  Mark  and  Marilyn 
Tel'  Holzberg  '53  hosted  a 
dinner  party  on  behalf  of  the 
Alumm  Fund  with  Mrs. 
Handler  as  special  guest .  .  . 
Brandeis  Sociology  Professor 
Gordon  Fellman  addressed 
South  Flonda  alumni  on 
"American  Politics  Today — 
The  Challenge  of  the  Right" 
at  the  home  of  Robert  '73 
and  Jill  '75  Mark  January  16. 
Subjects  discussed  included 
long-range  goals  of  the 
Reagan  government, 
affirmative  action  programs, 
ecological  concerns,  and  the 
neglect  of  human  rights  in 
American  foreign  policy 
today.  Bruce  Litwer  '61, 
chapter  president,  was 
actively  involved  in  these 
events. 

Washington,  D.C. 

Robert  Simon  '62,  foreign 
correspondent  for  CBS, 
spoke  on  "War  Stories  of  a 
Network  Correspondent"  at 
a  champagne  brunch  for 
Washington  area  alumni  last 
November.  By  all  accounts, 
the  presentation  was  most 
stimulating.  In  December 
Washington  area  alumni  had 
a  delightful  gathering,  "A 
Winter  Warm-Up  With 
Wine, "  where  they  sampled 
white  wines,  bread  and 
cheese,  and  learned  the 
"whos,  whats,  wheres,  whys 
and  whens"  of  wine  from 
consultant,  Dr.  Jay  Miller. 


As  many  ot  you  already 
know,  a  new  system  of 
national  dues  has  been 
implemented  by  the 
Brandeis  National  Alumni 
Association,  which  takes  the 
place  of  local  chapter 
collections.  Instead  of 
collecting  annual  dues 
directly  from  its  members, 
each  chapter  now  receives 
hinds  from  the  National 
Association  based  on  the 
number  of  dues-paying 
members  in  the  chapter.  The 
intent  of  this  new  program  is 
to  simplify  the  dues-paying 
process  and  also  to  enable 
the  Association  to  maintain 
contact  with  alumni  who 
live  in  areas  where  no  active 
chapter  exists. 


Your  Participation 
is  Vital  and  is 
Greatly  Appreciated. 


Brandeis  University 


Benefits  for  dues-paying 
members  include: 

•  Special  rates  for  Reunion 
'83 

•  Reserved  seating  at 
Commencement 

•  Discounts  on  admission 
to  selected  chapter  events 

•  Discounts  on  most 
Brandeis  Adult  Education 
courses  (members  and 
spouses) 

•  10%  off  most  bookstore 
items 

•  Brandeis  library  borrowing 
privileges 

•  Special  rates  on  the  use  of 
Brandeis  athletic  facilities 

Annual  national  dues  are 
$10  (for  the  Classes  of  '78- 
'82)  and  $15  |for  the  Classes 
of  '52-'77).  Please  mail  your 
1982-83  national  dues  with 
either  the  form  from  the 
recent  national  dues  mailing 
or  the  form  below  to  the 
Alumni  Office  as  soon  as 
possible.  Payment  of  your 
dues  will  help  strengthen  the 
Alumni  Association  and 
increase  financial  support  for 
all  chapters. 


Alumni  Association 
Annual  Membership 


Address 

Cjty: 

State 

Z.p 

Class  Year: 

Classes  of  197g-S2        $10.00 

Classes  of  1952-77        $15.00 

Make  check  payable  to: 

Brandeis  Umversity  Alumm  Association 

Mail  payment  to: 

Brandeis  University  Alumni  Association 
Waltham,  Massachusetts  02254 


Note: 

Payment  of  alumni  dues  does  not  constitute  a  contnbution  to  the  Alumni  Fund. 


Class  Notes 


'55 


'61 


Rabbi  Matthew  Derby's 

life  has  changed  since  his 
ordeal  with  cancer.  Matthew, 
who  is  the  rabbi  at 
Congregation  Children  of 
Israel  in  Athens,  Georgia, 
said  he  wasn't  going  to 
accept  the  statistics  when  he 
discovered  he  had  a  brain 
tumor.  "I  turned  it  all  around 
and  set  goals  I  wanted  to  live 
for,"  he  explains.  Matthew 
has  used  his  experience  with 
cancer  to  minister  to  the 
oncology  patients  at  St. 
Mary's  Medical  Center  in 
East  Tennessee.  Known  as 
"Father  Rabbi,"  Matthew 
counseled  patients  of  all 
faiths.  "Prayers  for  health 
and  recovery  are  almost  the 
same  in  every  tradition,"  he 
says.  "Prayer  is  very 
important.  It  gives  a  sense  of 
strength.  This  disease  is  so 
crazy.  You  need  the  power  of 
inner  strength  and 
reassurance  that  there  must 
be  a  reason  for  this." 

Gloria  Goldieich  Horowitz's 

novel,  This  Promised  Land, 
was  published  by  Berkley 
Books  in  July  1982.  It  is 
Volume  I  of  a  trilogy  tracing 
the  history  of  a  family  that 
migrated  to  Palestine  in 
1888  through  the  present. 


Kaila  Goldman  Katz 

lost  her  husband,  Benjamin, 
in  an  automobile  accident 
October  1,  1982.  He  was 
professor  of  economics  at 
New  York  Umversity  Kaila 
lives  in  Oradell,  New  Jersey. 

'56 

Stanley  Z.  Mazer 
has  been  appointed  dean  of 
humanities  and  social 
sciences  at  the  Community 
College  of  Baltimore. 

'57 

Wynne  Wolkenberg  Miller, 

executive  director  of 
Continuum,  Inc.,  Newton, 
Massachusetts,  was  honored 
as  a  Woman  of  Achievement 
in  Business  and  Industry  at  a 
YWCA  leader  limcheon  last 
November. 

Ghita  Maringer  Orth, 

who  teaches  English  at  the 
University  of  Vermont,  won 
a  nationwide  competition 
for  the  Eileen  W.  Barnes 
Award.  Her  winning  volume 
of  poetry.  The  Music  Of 
What  Happens,  was 
published  by  Saturday  Press 
in  October  1982. 


This  new.  informative 
booklet  discusses  the 
importance  of  wills,  how 
recent  ta.\  laws  affect  char- 
itable bequests  and  the 
ways  that  you  can  include 
Brandeis  in  your  will. 

it  is  available  by  writing 
or  calling 
Joseph  E.  Cofield. 
Director  of  Planned 
Giving. 

Brandeis  L  niversity, 
^X  althani, 

Massachusetts  02254 
or  617-647-2359. 


The  Class  of  '58  is 
celebrating  its  25th  Reunion 
this  coming  May! 

'58 

Laurence  Silberstein 

(Ph.D.,  Near  Eastern  and 
Judaic  Studies  '72)  and  his 
wife,  Muriel  (Mimi) 
Berenson  Silberstein  '60, 
spent  the  summer  of  '82  in 
Israel  where  Larry  was 
completing  research  at 
Hebrew  University.  His 
research  project  was  funded 
by  a  grant  from  the  National 
Endowment  for  the 
Humamties  for  work  on  the 
social  and  political 
philosophy  of  Martin  Buber. 
Larry  has  resumed  teaching 
in  the  rehgion  department  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 

Joel  S.  Spiro 

is  the  economic/commercial 
counselor  at  the  U.S. 
Embassy  in  Rabat,  Morocco, 
and  would  be  delighted  to 
hear  from  Brandeisians 
passing  through  Morocco. 

'60 

Lyman  H.  Andrews, 

lecturer  in  English  at  the 
University  of  Leicester, 
England,  has  a  new  book  of 
poems,  Kaleidoscope, 
published  in  the  U.S.  by 
Manon  Boyars,  Inc. 

Muriel  (Mimi)  Berenson 
Silberstein 

has  been  appointed  director 
of  the  Career  Resource 
Center  at  Harcum  Junior 
College  in  Bryn  Mawr, 
Pennsylvania.  Mimi  has  also 
been  accepted  as  a  member 
of  the  National  Academy  of 
Certified  Clinical  Mental 
Health  Counselors. 

Mary-Louise  Cohen 
Weisman, 

who  is  married  to  Lawrence 
Weisman,  has  wntten  a  new 
book.  Intensive  Care:  A 
Family  Love  Story, 
published  by  Random 
House.  ISee  book  review  in 
"Brandeis  Bookshelf" 


Norman  L  Jacobs, 

partner  in  the  Boston  law 
firm  of  Esdaile,  Barrett  & 
Esdaile,  has  become  a  fellow 
of  the  Amencan  College  of 
Tnal  Lawyers,  a  national 
association  of  3500  fellows 
in  the  U.S.  and  Canada. 
Membership  is  by  invitation 
of  the  Board  of  Regents. 

Evert  M.  Makinen 

was  appointed  vice  president 
of  exploration,  a  new 
position  at  O'Hare  Energy 
Corporation  in  Denver, 
Colorado.  Evert  was 
previously  vice  president  of 
land  at  Geodyne  Resources, 
Inc.,  mid-continent  land 
manager  at  Ladd  Petroleum 
Corporation,  and  land 
manager  at  OFT  Exploration, 
Inc.  m  San  Francisco. 

Robert  Moulthrop 

is  manager  of  public 
relations  and  marketing 
services  for  the  New  York 
region  of  Deloitte  Haskins  &. 
Sells,  an  international 
accounting  and  management 
consultmg  firm.  Bob  and  his 
wife.  Jewel,  live  in  Princeton 
Jimction  with  their  three 
sons — Peter,  William  and 
Daniel.  Bob  commutes  to  his 
office  m  the  World  Trade 
Center  and  continues  to  be 
active  in  Brandeis  recruiting. 

Martin  Zelnik, 

architect  and  associate 
professor  of  interior  design  at 
the  Fashion  Institute  of 
Technology  (State  University 
of  New  York),  has  been 
named  chairman  of  the 
department  of  interior  design 
at  the  Institute.  In  addition, 
he  was  recently  elected 
regional  chair  of  IDEC 
(Intenor  Design  Educators 
Council). 


40 


'62 

Eric  Klass, 

partner  and  co-owner  of 
Belson  &.  Klass  Associates  in 
Beverly  Hills,  Calif omia,  has 
been  elected  vice  president 
of  the  Association  of  Talent 
Agents,  which  represents 
over  180  member  agencies  in 
the  Los  Angeles  area.  He  is 
also  serving  his  second  term 
on  the  organization's  board 
of  directors. 


The  Class  of  '63  is 
celebrating  its  20th  Reunion 
this  coming  May! 


'63 

Selwyn  K.  Troen 

has  a  Ph.D.  in  history  and  is 
a  professor  at  Ben-Gurion 
University  in  Beer  Sheva, 
Israel,  where  he  served  two 
terms  as  dean  of  social 
science  and  humanities.  He 
is  currently  on  sabbatical  at 
the  State  University  of  New 
York — Stony  Brook,  but  will 
return  to  Israel  this  summer 
Selwyn  is  married  and  has 
five  children. 


'64 

Charles  N.  Kikonyogo 
who  was  a  Wien  scholar  at 
Brandeis,  has  been  appointed 
governor  of  the  Bank  of 
Botswana  in  Gaborone, 
Botswana. 

Donald  W.  Koch 

has  written  a  third  book.  An 
Endless  Vista:  The 
Recreational  Lands  of 
Colorado,  which  was 
published  in  October  1982 
by  Pluch  Publishing 
Company. 

Dr.  Anthony  I.  Kostiner 

joined  the  radiology 
department  of  Hadassah 
Hospital  (Ein  Kerem)  as  a 
volunteer  physician  during 
his  1982-83  sabbatical.  Tony 
lives  with  his  wife,  Priscilla, 
and  daughters — Dana,  13, 
and  Jennifer,  11 — in 
Jerusalem. 

Maurice  M.  Roumani 

IS  director  of  the  J.R. 
Elyachar  Center  for  Studies 
in  Sephardi  Heritage  and 
program  director  of  the 
Committee  on  Studies  of 
Oriental  Jewish  Heritage  at 
Ben-Gurion  University  in 
Israel.  He  is  also  the  author 
of  From  Immigrant  to 
Citizen  (1979)  and  lews  from 
Arab  Countries  and  the 
Palestinian  Refugees  (1978). 
Maurice  is  married  and  has 
two  children  and  hopes  to 
spend  his  upcoming 
sabbatical  year  at  Brandeis. 
As  a  recipient  of  a  Wien 
International  Scholarship  for 
1960-64,  he  is  most 
interested  in  re-establishing 
contact  with  other  Wien 
students  from  that  era. 


Maurice  notes  that  the  25th 
anniversary  celebration  of 
the  Wien  program  is 
scheduled  for  November 
1983. 

Meredith  T^x, 

author  of  two  previous 
novels.  Families  and  The 
Rising  of  the  Women,  has 
written  a  new  book, 
Rivington  Street,  which  was 
published  by  Morrow  in  July 
1982.  (See  book  review  in 
"Brandeis  Bookshelf " 
section.) 


'65 

Dennis  E.  Baron 

is  associate  professor  of 
English  and  linguistics  at  the 
University  of  Illinois.  His 
latest  book.  Grammar  and 
Good  Taste:  Reforming  the 
American  Language,  was 
published  by  Yale  University 
Press  in  October  1982.  (See 
book  review  in  "Brandeis 
Bookshelf"  section.) 

Melanie  Rovner  Cohen 

has  become  a  partner  at 
Antonow  &  Fink  in  Chicago. 
Melanie  specializes  in 
bankruptcy  law  and 
reorganization  and  teaches 
secured  transactions  and 
bankruptcy  law  at  DePaul 
University  College  of  Law. 
She  lives  in  Glencoe, 
Illinois,  with  her  husband, 
Arthur,  and  children — 
Mitchell,  13,  and  Jennifer, 
10. 

Constance  Curnyn  Holden 

was  appointed  assistant 
professor  of  developmental 
math  and  science  at  the 
University  of  Maine — Orono 
in  September  1982. 


'66 

Steven  H.  Hochman 

is  an  analyst  with  Moody's 
Investors  Service  in 
Manhattan.  He  and  his  wife, 
Jane,  and  their  daughter, 
Sarah  (age  six),  live  in  White 
Plains,  New  York.  Steve  is 
active  on  the  White  Plains 
Jewish  Community  Center 
Religious  School  Committee. 

Jane  Smith 

was  married  to  John 
Esquivel  August  7,  1982. 


Psychologist  Carol  Tivris' 

latest  book.  Anger:  The 
Misunderstood  Emotion, 
was  published  by  Simon  &. 
Schuster  in  January  1983. 
(See  book  review  in 
"Brandeis  Bookshelf" 
section.)  A  dated  note — 
Carol  married  actor/producer 
Ronan  O'Casey  in  1981. 

'67 

Judy  Allen, 

a  composer  residing  in 
Putnam  Valley,  New  York, 
performed  pieces  from  her 
musical  Murphy's  Law 
(which  was  produced  in  New 
York  in  1980)  and  selections 
from  a  work  in  progress  at  a 
recent  community  concert 
held  at  Garrison  Art  Center 
in  Garrison,  New  York. 
During  the  program  Judy 
also  discussed  the  special 
problems  of  the  socially 
conscious  composer 

Jon  (Hoffman)  Beryl 

has  assumed  a  new  position 
as  assistant  professor  of 
theatre  and  drama  at  Indiana 
University  in  Bloomington, 
Indiana.  His  duties  include 
teaching  acting  and  directing 
in  the  MFA  program  and 
directing  a  full-length 
production.  Jon  was 
previously  on  the  faculty  at 
University  of  Rhode  Island 
as  a  guest  artist.  In  addition 
to  his  teaching,  Jon  has  been 
quite  active  as  a  professional 
actor  and  director  He 
recently  appeared  in  Talley's 
Folly  at  the  Next  Move 
Theatre  in  Boston,  directed  a 
show  at  the  Charles 
Playhouse  in  Boston  and 
appeared  in  an  industrial 
film. 

Peter  Gould 

was  married  in  1981  and 
now  has  a  daughter,  Maria 
Michaela,  bom  in  March 
1982.  Peter  has  been  touring 
New  England  and 
performing  mime  with  his 
two-man  troupe,  "Gould  &. 
Steams."  He  also  wrote  a 
play,  A  Peasant  of  El 
Salvador,  for  performance  at 
Pete  Seeger's  Clearwater 
Festival.  Peter  has  been 
awarded  the  Vermont 
Council  on  the  Arts  1983 
grant  to  develop  new  full- 
length  mime  shows. 


'68 

Jill  Levin  Andron 

and  her  husband,  Richard, 
announce  the  birth  of  their 
third  child,  a  daughter,  Talia 
Michal,  August  3,  1982. 
Talia  joins  brother  Elisha 
(age  nine)  and  sister  Rachel 
(age  six).  Jill  has  been 
working  in  New  York  City  at 
the  Institute  for  Middle  East 
Peace  and  Development.  Her 
husband  has  a  medical 
practice  in  internal  medicine 
and  rheumatology  in 
Englewood,  New  Jersey. 

Naomi  Baron 

is  associate  professor  of 
linguistics  and  associate 
dean  of  the  college  at  Brown 
University  in  Providence, 
Rhode  Island.  She  is  actively 
involved  in  curriculum 
planning  and  the 
development  of  the 
undergraduate  program. 

Mark  Simon, 

AIA,  of  Moore  Grover 
Harper,  PC,  Architects  and 
Planners  of  Essex, 
Connecticut,  won  the  1982 
Connecticut  Society  of 
Architects/ AIA  design  award 
for  the  Lenz  Winery  in 
Peconic,  New  York.  Mark 
graduated  from  Brandeis 
with  honors  in  sculpture. 
(See  illustration  of  Lenz 
Winery.) 

'69 

Sharon  Barnartt 

and  her  husband,  Wayne 
Stinson,  announce  the  birth 
of  their  first  child,  David 
Mark  Stinson,  October  9, 
1982.  Sharon  is  assistant 
professor  of  sociology  at 
Gallaudet  College  in 
Washington,  DC. 

Dr.  John  Ferris 

recenty  joined  the  Westfield 
(Massachusetts)  Area  Mental 
Health  Clinic  as  a 
psychiatrist.  Prior  to  coming 
to  Westfield,  John  served  as 
director  of  the  Brief 
Treatment  Unit  at  the  VA 
Medical  Center  in 
Northampton, 
Massachusetts. 


72 


Richard  J.  Goldberg 

wrote  a  screenplay  based  on 
his  off-Broadway  drama, 
Family  Business,  for  the  PBS 
series  "American 
Playhouse."  Shot  in 
Washington  last  summer,  it 
features  Milton  Berk  and 
will  be  broadcast  during  the 
1982-83  season.  Dick's 
earlier  screenplay.  Almost 
Home,  was  filmed  in  San 
Francisco  last  year 

Actress  Robyn  Goodman 

and  Carole  Rothman  are  co- 
producers  of  the  Second 
Stage  theatre  company  on 
West  73rd  Street  in  New 
York  City.  Five  of  the  ten 
plays  they  have  produced 
originated  under  Joseph 
Papp's  auspices.  Many  of 
their  productions  are  plays 
which  the  Second  Stage 
rescued  from  oblivion  or 
unfinished,  first  productions. 
Their  next  play  is  David 
Mamet's  The  Woods. 

Helaine  Waxman  Raskin, 

A.C.S.W,  chaired  a 
colloquium  and  workshop 
on  "Married  Learning 
Disabled  Young  Adults"  at 
the  February  1983 
international  conference  of 
the  Association  for  Children 
with  Learning  Disabilities  in 
Washington,  D.C. 


70 

Dr.  Marc  L.  Citron 

is  married,  has  two  children 
and  lives  in  Chevy  Chase, 
Maryland.  Marc  is  an 
assistant  professor  at 
Georgetown  University 
School  of  Medicine  and  a 
member  of  the  senior  staff, 
oncology  section,  at  the 
Washington,  D.C.  Veterans 
Administration  Hospital.  In 
his  spare  time.  Marc,  who  is 
a  former  Brandeis  varsity 
lacrosse  player,  tries  to  keep 
pace  with  his  father,  a 
seasoned  marathon  runner. 
Although  he  has  yet  to 
complete  a  marathon,  this 
year  he  hopes  to  go  the  full 
distance  with  his  father. 
We'll  be  looting  for  you. 
Marc!  (Marc's  article  on 
running,  "Going  the 
Distance  With  Dad," 
appeared  in  the  November  5, 
1982  edition  of  The 
Washington  Post] 


In  September  1982, 
Marilyn  Kanrek  Cranney 

was  appointed  vice  president 
of  Dean  Witter  Reynolds 
InterCapital  Inc.  in  New 
York  City  where  she  has 
worked  since  February  1981. 
Marilyn  was  appointed 
assistant  general  counsel  for 
the  firm  in  January  1982. 

Dr.  Paul  E.  Fenster 

of  Tucson,  Arizona,  has  been 
elected  to  fellowship  in  the 
American  College  of 
Cardiology,  an  11,500- 
member,  nonprofit, 
professional  medical  society 
and  teaching  institution. 
Paul  is  currently  assistant 
professor  of  medicine  at  the 
University  of  Arizona 
Health  Sciences  Center  in 
Tucson. 

Daniel  Prober 

and  his  wife,  Sharon,  are 
pleased  to  announce  the 
birth  of  their  second  son, 
Joshua  Michael,  on  Yom 
Kippur  1982.  Dan  is  a 
tenured  physics  professor  at 
Yale  and  would  be  happy  to 
show  any  Brandeis  visitors 
his  lab. 

Helen  Goldring  Quint 

and  her  husband,  Stanley, 
announce  the  birth  of  their 
third  child,  Judith,  in  April 
1982.  Judy  joins  brother 
Danny  (age  nine)  and  sister 
Debbie  (age  five). 

Jon  Quint 

and  his  wife,  Ellen  Deutsch, 
announce  the  birth  of  their 
first  child,  Aaron  Lavijon, 
May  24,  1982. 


71 

Producer  Jonathan  Barkan, 

head  of  Communications  For 
Learning  in  Somerville, 
Massachusetts,  recently  won 
a  Bronze  Award  at  AMI's 
Image  '81  for  "The  Charles 
at  Boston"  mixed-media 
slide  show,  which  he 
produced  and  directed. 
Jonathan,  who  is  an 
experienced  photographer, 
sound  recorder,  designer  and 
teacher,  handles  a  variety  of 
multi-media  presentations — 
from  exhibit  design  to  slide 
shows,  videotapes, 
biochures,  posters  and 
system  design  for  video  and 
tele-conferencing. 


David  M.  Epstein 

has  been  promoted  to 
associate  executive  director 
of  the  Jewish  Community 
Federation  of  Louisville, 
Kentucky. 

Richard  Kopley 
and  Amy  Golahny  '73  are 
engaged  to  be  married. 
Richard  completed  his 
doctorate  in  English  at  the 
State  University  of  New 
York-Buffalo  in  June  1982 
and  has  been  appointed 
assistant  professor  of  English 
at  Illinois  State  University. 
Amy  is  completing  her 
doctorate  m  art  history  at 
Columbia  University  and 
has  recently  published 
several  scholarly  articles. 

Yale  Magrass' 
book.  Thus  Spake  the 
Moguls,  was  published 
recently  by  Schenkman 
Publishing  Co.  (See  book 
review  in  "Brandeis 
Bookshelf"  section.)  Yale  is 
assistant  professor  of 
sociology  at  Southeastern 
Massachusetts  University. 

Laurence  Posner 

received  a  doctorate  in 
counseling  psychology  from 
Boston  University  in  1981. 
He  is  now  a  licensed 
psychologist  in 
Massachusetts  and 
maintains  a  private  practice 
in  Salem.  Larry  is  also  a  staff 
psychologist  at  North  Shore 
Children's  Hospital.  He  and 
his  wife,  Marilyn,  have  a 
one-year-old  son,  Joseph 
Ruben. 

Albert  Einstein  Medical 
Center,  Mt.  Sinai-Daroff 
Division,  has  named  David 
Wacker  of  Ewing,  New 
Jersey  director  of  the 
department  of  respiratory 
therapy.  David,  who 
assumed  this  position  last 
June,  was  previously  the 
senior  cardiopulmonary 
technician  in  respiratory 
therapy  at  Princeton 
Hospital  in  Princeton.  He  is 
currently  enrolled  in  a 
graduate  program  in  hospital 
administration  at  Rutgers 
University. 

Attorney  Roy  J.  Watson,  Jr. 

practices  immigration  law  in 
Boston  and  is  enrolled  in  a 
master's  program  at  Harvard 
University's  Kennedy  School 
of  Government. 


Paul  Aranson, 

a  practicing  attorney  from 
Portland,  Maine,  was 
recently  elected  district 
attorney  of  Cumberland 
County,  Maine  in  a  stunning 
upset  victory  Paul  launched 
his  political  career  as  a 
member  of  the  student 
judiciary  at  Brandeis.  Paul's 
classmates  will  be  interested 
to  hear  that  he  will  be  in 
charge  of  prosecuting  cases 
under  Maine's  tough  new 
drunk  driving,  pornography 
and  drug  statutes.  In 
addition  to  his  legal 
activities,  Paul  is  the 
drummer  for  the  Tony  Boffa 
Trio. 

James  Castleman 

and  his  wife,  Claire,  have  a 
I  '/2-year-old  son,  Michael 
Lawrence.  Jim,  who  has  his 
own  law  practice  in  Quincy 
Massachusetts,  received  his 
LL.M.  (master's  in  taxation) 
from  Boston  University  last 
year. 

Alan  R.  Cormier 

married  Mary  Elizabeth 
Garrity  December  12,  1982. 
Alan  received  a  J.D.  degree 
from  Suffolk  University  Law 
School  and  is  now  a 
corporate  attorney  for  Wang 
Laboratories,  Inc.  Mary,  who 
is  studying  for  an  MBA  at 
Boston  College  School  of 
Management,  is  supervisor 
of  international  purchasmg 
at  Wang.  The  Cormiers  live 
in  Burlington,  Massachusetts. 

Marc  Eisenstock, 

a  vice  president  of 
Massachusetts  Wholesale 
Drug  Company,  has  been  an 
ardent  sports  fan  for  years. 
At  Brandeis  he  was  captain 
of  both  the  basketball  and 
baseball  teams.  Since  July 
1981  Marc  has  been  the 
agent  for  Red  Sox  catcher 
Richie  Gedman.  As  his 
agent,  Marc  handles  his 
contract  negotiations  and 
finances. 


73 


74 


Richard  Galant 

and  his  wife,  Aileen 
Jacobson,  announce  the  birth 
of  their  son,  Gregory  David 
Galant,  September  10,  1982. 
The  Galant  family  lives  in 
Halesite,  New  York. 

David  G.  Gotthelf 

married  Dr  Linda  Dauber 
June  27,  1982  in  New  York 
City.  Before  his  wedding, 
David  took  one  last  fling  at 
adventure  by  bicycling 
across  the  U.S.  and  Canada. 
He  and  his  wife  are  living  in 
Newton  Centre, 
Massachusetts. 

Leon  Harris 

and  his  wife,  Gail,  have  two 
children — Rebecca  Beth,  age 
two,  and  Matthew,  age  one. 
Leon  is  a  pulmonary 
specialist  in  Nyack,  New 
York. 

Annette  Tarnapoll  Lawson 

and  her  husband,  Paul, 
joyfully  announce  the 
adoption  in  August  1982  of 
their  daughter,  Liliana  Kate, 
who  was  bom  May  8,  1982 
in  Torreon,  Mexico. 

Assistant  professor 
Daniel  C.  Matt 

(M.A.,  Near  Eastern  and 
Judaic  Studies  75;  Ph.D., 
Near  Eastern  and  Judaic 
Studies  '78)  is  directing  the 
M.A.  program  in  Jewish 
studies  at  The  Graduate 
Theological  Union  in 
Berkeley,  California.  His 
Brandeis  dissertation,  a 
critical  edition  of  The  Book 
of  Mirrors  by  R.  David  ben 
Yehudah  he-Hasid,  appeared 
in  Brown  fudaic  Studies 
(Scholars  Press).  Paulist  Press 
recently  published  his 
translations  from  the 
Zohar — Zohar,  The  Book  of 
Enlightenment — in  their 
Classics  of  Western 
Spirituality. 

Dr.  Ivy  Fisher  Weiner  and 
Dr.  Jeffrey  Robert  Weiner  '71 

joyfully  announce  the  birth 
of  their  first  child,  Emily 
Tara,  June  9,  1982. 


The  Class  of  '73  will 
celebrate  its  10th  Reunion 
this  May! 


Ellen  Feldman, 

who  works  in  the  research 
department  of  General 
Foods,  married  Randall  R. 
Lunn  in  Rollins  Chapel  at 
Dartmouth  College,  July  1, 
1982. 

Barbara  S.  Gline 

will  marry  Robert  M. 
PearlmanMay  1,  1983. 
Barbara  has  a  Ph.D.  in 
counseling  from  the 
University  of  Maryland  and 
is  serving  a  clinical 
psychology  internship  in 
Washington,  D.C. 

Dr.  Steven  Gudis 

is  practicing  nephrology  and 
internal  medicine  in 
Randolph,  New  Jersey. 
Steven  and  his  wife,  Sheila, 
have  two  children — Allison, 
age  three,  and  David,  age 
one. 

Melody  Rich  Harris 

and  her  husband,  Robert, 
announce  the  birth  of  a 
daughter,  Betsy  Abigail,  May 
30,  1981.  Melody  teaches 
special  education  in 
Oceanside,  New  York,  and 
her  husband  is  an  attorney 
with  the  law  firm  of  Linden 
&  Deutsch  in  Manhattan. 
They  reside  in  West 
Hempstead,  New  York. 

James  Kimenker 

has  been  promoted  to 
counsel  for  the  mortgage  and 
real  estate  department  at 
The  Hartford  Insurance 
Group.  Jim  lives  in  West 
Hartford,  Connecticut. 

Ellen  Beth  Lande  and  her 
husband  Detlev  Suderow 
'70,  announce  the  birth  of 
their  first  child,  Alexander 
Lande  Suderow,  July  14, 
1982.  Ellen  Beth  is  director 
of  public  and  corporate 
affairs  at  Mass-Save,  Inc., 
and  Detlev  is  a  senior 
personnel  representative  at 
Digital  Eqmpment 
Corporation. 

Susan  Monsky's 

first  novel,  Midnight 
Suppers,  was  published  in 
January  by  Houghton 
Mifflin.  (See  book  review  in 
"Brandeis  Bookshelf " 
section.)  Susan  has  taught 
creative  writing  at  Boston 


University,  Harvard 
University  and  Phillips 
Andover  Academy.  She  has 
been  featured  by  P.E.N.  New 
England  as  a  leading  young 
novelist,  was  awarded  the 
Kenan  Grant  by  Phillips 
Academy  in  1982,  and 
received  the  Henfield 
Foundation  Award  in  1 98 1 . 
Susan  was  published  in  the 
Canto  Review  of  the  Arts  in 
1980.  She  lives  in  Andover, 
Massachusetts. 

Susan  Piela 

of  King  of  Prussia, 
Pennsylvania,  graduated 
from  the  Postbaccalaureate 
Certificate  Program  in 
Physical  Therapy  at  the 
Hahnemann  University 
School  of  Allied  Health 
Professions  in  Philadelphia. 

Rita  Neufeld  Silverstein 

and  her  husband,  Alan, 
announce  the  birth  of  their 
daughter,  Rebecca  Beth,  June 
4,  1981.  Rebecca  joins  her 
brother,  David  Jason. 

James  Thompson  and  Mary 
Davis  Thompson 

have  moved  to  Chapel  Hill, 
where  James  teaches  English 
at  University  of  North 
Carolina. 

Elizabeth  Vitale 

and  her  husband.  Dr.  Stuart 
Wolff,  announce  the  birth  of 
their  second  child,  David 
Goodwin,  November  15, 
1982.  David  joins  his  big 
brother,  Jonah  Lucien.  Liz  is 
a  certified  nurse-midwife. 

Susan  Wasserstein, 

who  was  a  fine  arts  major  at 
Brandeis,  is  public  relations 
director  for  The  Art  Dealers 
Association  of  America.  She 
has  also  completed  a  seven- 
month  television  series  of 
tips  on  collecting,  which 
was  aired  nationwide  on  PM 
Magazine.  Her  first  book. 
Collector's  Guide  to  U.S. 
Auctions  &)  Flea  Markets. 
was  published  by  Penguin 
Books  in  1981. 

Barbara  Wolff  Walters 

is  married  to  Ralph  Watters 
and  works  as  a  counselor  and 
instructor  at  Northern 
Virginia  Community  College 
in  Alexandria. 


Dr.  Barry  A.  Ehrlich  and  his 
wife,  Ruth  Hurwitz  Ehrlich 
'76,  are  the  proud  parents  of  a 
son,  Daniel,  age  two.  Barry  is 
emergency  room  director  at 
Community  Hospital  of 
Sacramento  and  Ruth  is  a 
speech  therapist  for  the  San 
Francisco  public  schools. 
The  Ehrlichs  live  in  San 
Francisco  and  are  active 
members  of  Congregation 
Ner  Tamid. 

Attorney  Mark  Gershenson 

announces  the  formation  of 
a  partnership  for  the  practice 
of  law,  under  the  name 
"Meyrelles  &  Gershenson." 
His  office  is  located  in  Los 
Angeles. 

Annette  S.  Kahn 

of  Westborough, 
Massachusetts,  was  named 
director  of  communications 
at  Clark  University  in 
Worcester  last  August.  In 
addition  to  serving  as 
University  spokesperson, 
Annette  directs  the  staff  and 
programs  responsible  for 
public  information  and 
relations;  university-wide 
and  constituent 
publications;  media  and 
community  relations;  and 
promotional,  student 
recruiting  and  advertising 
support.  Several  of  Armette's 
recent  publications  for  Clark 
have  won  awards  from  the 
Council  for  the  Advancement 
and  Support  of  Education 
and  the  Worcester  County 
Club  of  Printing  House 
Craftsmen.  Prior  to  coming 
to  Clark  in  1979,  Annette 
was  assistant  director  of 
alumni  relations  at  Brandeis 
11976-79). 

Jeffrey  Karp, 

an  attorney  with  the  Federal 
Trade  Commission,  and 
Lynne  Vinnacombe  Karp  '75 
have  three  daughters — 
Hannah  (5),  Esther  [IVi]  and 
Rebecca  (8  months). 

Amy  Koplow 

(MFA,  Theater  Design  '77) 
married  Dr.  Louis  Miller 
August  1,  1982  at  Brandeis' 
Berlin  Chapel.  Amy  is 
assistant  professor  of  theater 
at  the  State  University  of 
New  York-Albany.  Her 
husband  is  a  resident  in 
psychiatry  at  S.U.N.Y-Stony 
Brook. 


Irwin  Goldstein  Martin 

has  completed  a  two-year 
postdoctoral  fellowship  at 
Monell  Chemical  Senses 
Center  He  is  a  management 
associate  in  regulatory 
affairs,  U.S.  pharmaceutical 
products,  for  the  SmithKline 
Beckman  Corporation  in 
Philadelphia. 

Peter  O'Connell  and 

Jean  Lusskin  O'Connell  '76 

announce  the  birth  of  their 
son,  Timothy.  Peter 
completed  his  Ph.D.  in 
biology  at  Brandeis  last  fall 
and  IS  doing  postdoctoral 
work  in  genetics  research  at 
the  University  of  Utah 
Medical  College. 

Marvin  Pinkert, 

former  assistant  director  of 
alumni  relations  at  Brandeis, 
is  a  graduate  student  in  the 
J.L.  Kellogg  School  of 
Management,  Northwestern 
University.  Melanie  Temer 
Pinkert  '75  is  working  for 
the  investment  counseling 
firm  of  Chauner,  Cotter  and 
Graver  in  Northfield, 
Illinois. 

75 

Barbara  Alpert 

was  elected  to  a  two-year 
term  as  a  member  of  the 
executive  committee  and 
secretary  of  the  Metropolitan 
Athletics  Congress,  the 
governing  body  for  track, 
field  and  road  racing  m  the 
New  York  City  area.  A 
member  of  the  Warren  Street 
Social  and  Athletic  Club, 
Barbara  ran  her  first 
marathon  (Long  Island)  May 
2,  1982  and  her  second 
marathon  (New  York) 
October  24,  1982.  hi 
addition  to  her  running 
activities,  she  continues  to 
work  as  an  editor  for  Bantam 
Books. 

Deborah  London  Arnold 

and  her  husband,  Stan, 
announce  the  birth  of  their 
first  child.  Grant  London, 
November  18,  1982  m 
Atlanta. 


In  September  1982, 
Columbia  University  Law 
School  chose  David  C. 
Bloomfield,  a  third-year  law 
student,  as  one  of  the  first 
two  Paul  Robeson  Scholars. 
According  to  an  article  in 
The  New  York  Times.  David 
was  chosen  for  his 
"outstanding  service  to  the 
black  community."  Prior  to 
entering  law  school,  David 
had  been  a  teacher  at 
Manhattan's  New  Lincoln 
School  for  four  years,  and 
had  worked  with  Advocates 
for  Children  of  New  York. 

Craig  H.  Friedmann 

began  medical  school  at 
Columbia's  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons  last 
September  and  expects  to 
graduate  in  June  1986. 

Kim  Geringer 

and  her  husband,  Colin 
Dunn,  announce  the  birth  of 
their  first  child,  Rachel 
Hilary,  September  15,  1982. 

Dr.  Nancy  Gordon 

received  her  M.D.  from  the 
College  of  Medicine  and 
Dentistry  in  New  lersey  and 
is  a  resident  in  obstetrics  and 
gynecology  at  Mt.  Sinai 
Hospital  in  Baltimore.  Her 
husband  is  a  resident  in 
pediatrics  at  Mt.  Sinai.  They 
were  married  in  1980. 

Steven  Kaplan 

is  living  in  Jerusalem,  and  is 
teaching  at  Hebrew 
University. 

Peretz  Rodman  and  his  wife, 
Miriam  Laufer  '79  would 
like  to  share  the  news  of  the 
birth  of  their  first  child,  a 
son  named  Eliav  Yisrael 
Rodman.  Eliav  was  bom 
November  21,  1982  at  the 
Jerusalem  Maternity 
Hospital  in  Kalandia, 
Jerusalem. 

David  P.  Seaver 

of  Milford,  Massachusetts 
received  his  MBA  from 
Rutgers  last  May. 


Elaine  Turetsky 

of  Brookline,  Massachusetts, 
married  Dr  Stewart 
Greenberg  of  Hackensack, 
New  Jersey,  in  November 
1982.  Elaine  is  a  social 
worker  and  Stewart  is 
completing  his  residency  in 
anesthesiology  at  Columbia 
Presbyterian  Hospital,  New 
York  City 

Terrie  Williams 

has  been  appointed  director 
of  public  relations  for 
ESSENCE  Communications, 
Inc.  and  ESSENCE 
Magazine.  Teme  was 
formerly  executive  director 
of  the  World  Institute  of 
Black  Commimications  and 
has  also  served  as  executive 
director  of  the  black-owned 
Communications  Alliance, 
an  oiganization  of  Black 
media  companies.  In  1982 
Tenie  was  the  first  recipient 
of  the  D.  Parke  Gibson 
Award  for  Public  Relations/ 
Public  Affairs,  given  by  the 
Public  Relations  Society  of 
Amenca/New  York  Chapter. 


76 

Dr.  Herbert  Bimbaum, 

who  IS  in  private  practice  in 
Newton,  Massachusetts  and 
on  the  faculty  of  the  Harvard 
School  of  Dental  Medicine, 
announces  his  forthcommg 
marriage  to  Connie  Spear  of 
Minneapolis. 

Stan  Bulua 

and  Gail  Muschel  Bulua  '77 
announce  the  birth  of  their 
daughter,  Ariel  Candice, 
August  18,  1982. 

Roy  Cohen 

and  Miriam  (Mimi]  Tanzer 
Cohen  '77  announce  the 
birth  of  their  daughter,  Beth 
Tanzer  Cohen,  June  II,  1982, 
m  Philadelphia. 

Vicki  Kanrek-Clark 

has  been  promoted  to 
corporate  commumcations 
administrator  at  Interaction 
Systems,  Inc.,  a 
manufacturer  of  touch- 
sensitive  computer 
equipment  and  directories. 
Timothy  Clark  'G  (Ph.D., 
Music  Theory  and 
Composition  '8 1 )  is  in  his 
fourth  year  as  assistant 


professor  of  music  at  Harvard 
University.  Vicki  and  Tim 
live  m  Waltham  with  their 
two  cats,  Tristan  and  Wotan. 

Liane  Kupferberg-Carter 

is  working  as  director  of 
publicity,  promotion  and 
advertising  for  Pilgrim  Press 
in  New  York  City. 

Leslie  Eve  Martin 

was  named  director  of  public 
relations  at  Fairview 
Deaconess  Hospital  m 
Minneapolis,  Minnesota, 
last  August.  Leslie  lives  in 
Minneapolis  with  her 
husband,  Patrick  Riley,  a 
surgical  nurse  at 
Minneapolis  Children's 
Health  Center. 

Elena  Nierman 

marned  Joel  Widder  October 
U,  1981.  Elena  is  the 
business  and  convention 
manager  of  the  American 
Theatre  Association  m 
Washington,  D.C. 

In  July  1982  Mark  B. 
Pearlman  was  appomted 
director  of  market  strategy 
for  CBS  Inc.  In  this  newly 
created  position,  Mark  is 
working  with  the  CBS/ 
Broadcast  Group  in 
developmg  strategies  to  take 
advantage  of  the  emerging 
teclmologies  in  the  field. 
Mark  joined  CBS  m  1978  as 
a  financial  analyst  for  the 
television  network  and  has 
since  held  a  number  of 
positions,  most  recently  as 
director  of  sales  forecasting, 
analysis  and  development. 

Dennis  K.  Slavin 

was  appointed  instructor  of 
music  at  Dickinson  College 
m  Carlisle,  Permsylvania. 
Dennis  received  his  MFA 
from  Princeton  University  in 
1981. 


77 

Dr.  Hadassah  (Dassie) 
Orenstein  Barth 

and  her  husband,  Dr  Eddy 
Barth,  announce  the  birth  of 
their  first  son,  Amital 
Betzalel,  July  22,  1982. 
Dassie  and  her  husband 
graduated  from  Albert 
Einstein  College  of  Medicme 
in  1981,  after  doing  projects 
in  Jerusalem,  Israel  and 
Columbia,  South  America. 
They  then  completed  a  year 


44 


45 


of  internship  at  University 
of  Maryland  Hospital  before 
moving  to  New  York  City. 
Dassie  is  novv'  a  pediatrics 
resident  at  New  York 
Hospital-Cornell  Medical 
Center,  and  Eddy  is  a 
resident  in  anesthesiology  at 
Columbia-Presbyterian 
Medical  Center. 

Linda  (Liba)  M.  Casson 

married  Rabbi  George 
Nudell  August  30,  1981. 
Liba  IS  a  Ph.D.  candidate  in 
physical  chemistry  at 
Columbia  University. 

Abigail  Pastor  Cotler  and 
Donald  N.  Cotler  76 

announce  the  birth  of  their 
son,  Joaquin  Pastor,  July  1, 
1982.  Abby  is  taking  time  off 
from  counseling  to  be  with 
her  new  son  but  continues  to 
do  art  work.  Donald  is 
finishing  his  last  year  at 
Loyola  Medical  School  in 
Illinois. 

Alan  Leslie  FischI 

married  Marsha  A.  Cohan  in 
the  Bronx,  New  York,  last 
fall.  Alan  and  Marsha  are 
both  cum  laude  graduates  of 
Harvard  Law  School  and 
both  are  New  York  lawyers. 
Alan  is  an  associate  with  the 
law  firm  of  Paul,  Weiss, 
Rifkind,  Wharton  &  Garrison. 

Richard  Gold  and  Deborah 
Cohen  Gold  '78 

have  been  living  in  Senegal, 
West  Africa,  since  June  1981. 
Debbie  is  writing  articles  in 
French  as  an  intern  for 
Senegal's  daily  newspaper,  Le 
Soleil,  and  also  does 
consulting  for  the  Agency 
for  International 
Development  (AID).  Rick 
manages  AID's  Food  for 
Peace  program,  which 
distributes  food  and  funds 
development  projects 
throughout  Senegal. 

Barry  Goralnick  and 
Deborah  Franzblau  '78 

were  married  May  1,  1982  in 
New  York.  Barry  received  a 
Master  of  Architecture 
degree  from  Harvard 
University  in  1981  and  is 
working  for  Wayne  Berg, 
architect,  in  New  York  City. 
Debbie  received  her  law 
degree  from  Temple 
University  in  1981  and  is 


now  an  associate  with 
Burrows  and  Poster  in  New 
York  City 

Amy  "Neil"  Kolson 
IS  doing  research  in  clinical 
pathology  at  the  University 
of  Califomia-Davis 
Veterinary  Medical  School. 

Dalia  Kaminetsky  Lavon 

was  promoted  to  advertising 
media  manager  at  Saks  Fifth 
Avenue  where  she  is 
responsible  for  budgeting 
and  planning  for  all  print  and 
electronic  media.  In  her 
"spare"  time,  Dalia  edits  the 
Tel-Hai  Hadassah  bulletin 
and  works  with  her  husband, 
Ben,  on  their  house. 

David  Milton 

is  a  senior  member  of  the 
technical  staff  at  Matell 
Electronics'  Systems 
Software  Group  in  Torrance, 
California. 

Mindy  Nierenberg 

is  married  to  Robert  Fera  and 
has  two  children — Erin 
Rachel,  born  October  12, 
1978;  and  David  Nicholas, 
bom  December  II,  1981. 
Mindy  has  exhibited  her 
watercolors  in  several 
shows,  been  employed  as  a 
victim/witness  advocate, 
taught  in  a  home  for  unwed 
mothers,  and  taught  in  a 
community  college  program 
for  senior  citizens.  Today 
Mindy  has  her  own 
business — "Raining 
Violets" — designing  and 
handpainting  children's 
clothing.  Her  creations  can 
be  seen  in  stores  from  Paris 
to  Toronto.  Mindy  and  her 
family  live  in  Dorchester, 
Massachusetts. 

Susan  Remer 

has  decided  to  join  academia 
again.  In  September,  after 
working  for  five  years,  she 
entered  the  MBA  program  at 
Columbia  University 
Graduate  School  of  Business. 

Dr.  Mark  A.  Rich  and 
Beverly  A.  Cohen  '80 

were  married  October  II, 
1981.  Mark  is  a  surgical 
resident  at  Beekman-New 
York  Infirmary,  and  Beverly 
is  employed  at  Vogue 
magazine. 


William  J.  Robertello 

attended  three  years  of 
medical  school  at  the 
Universidad  del  Noreste  in 
Tampico,  Mexico,  and  was 
accepted  into  the  third-year 
class  at  the  Medical  College 
of  Pennsylvania  in 
Philadelphia  last  July.  He  is 
presently  doing  clinical 
rotations. 

James  Rosenthal  and  Lisa 
Burk  Rosenthal  '78 

live  in  Dallas.  Jim  is  vice 
president  of  Whittle  Musk 
Co.,  a  state-wide  chain  of 
musical  instrument  and 
professional  audio  stores. 
Lisa  IS  product  manager  and 
jewelry  buyer  for  Zale 
Corporation,  the  world's 
largest  retail  jewelry  chain. 

Robert  Russman-Halperin 
and  Wendy  Russman- 
Halperin  '75 

announce  the  birth  of  a 
daughter,  Liora,  May  25, 
1982.  Bob  received  an  MBA 
from  Harvard  Business 
School  last  June  and  is  now 
working  at  Data  Resources, 
Inc.  in  Lexington, 
Massachusetts. 

The  Class  of  '78  will 
celebrate  its  5th  Reunion 
this  May! 

78 

David  Alexander 

has  been  appointed  program 
guide  editor  for  SelecTVof 
California,  a  subscription 
television  service  based  in 
Los  Angeles.  David  will  edit 
program  guides  for  SelecTV's 
Los  Angeles  market  and 
seven  affiliate  markets 
nationwide. 

Ann  Bolts  Bromberg 

has  joined  Lessner  Slosberg 
Gahl  &.  Partners,  Inc.,  in 
Hartford,  Connecticut,  as 
account  coordinator.  Ann's 
primary  agency  account  will 
be  Ames  Department  Store. 

Beth  Flanzbaum 

is  a  staff  clinical  social 
worker  and  team  leader  at 
Solomon,  Carter,  Fuller 
Mental  Health  Center  in 
Boston.  Beth  has  also  been  a 
head  residence  counselor  on 
the  staff  at  Brandeis  for  the 
past  three  years.  She  received 
her  MSW  from  Simmons 
College  in  May  1982. 


David  Goldman 

married  Miriam  Rugassy  of 
France  November  29,  1982 
in  Jerusalem,  Israel.  David 
and  Miriam  are  living  in 
Zichron  Yaakov. 

Lori  Sue  Herman 

of  Brooklyn,  New  York, 
received  her  J.D.  degree  from 
Franklin  Pierce  Law  Center 
in  May  1982. 

Lynn  Migliori  Rowell 

and  her  husband,  Gordon, 
announce  the  birth  of  their 
second  child,  Craig  Andrew, 
July  31,  1982.  Craig  joins 
older  sister,  Katie. 

Neil  Schwartz 

is  an  account  executive  at 
ASI  Market  Research,  a  Los 
Angeles  firm  which 
specializes  in  testing 
television  commercials  and 
programs.  In  1979  he 
received  an  MBA  from 
Columbia  University.  Neil 
recently  took  a  nostalgic  pre- 
reunion  trip  to  Brandeis. 

Donald  Small  and  Lauren 
Cohen  Small 

announce  the  birth  of  their 
son,  Adam  Louis,  July  27, 
1982.  They  look  forward  to 
introducing  him  to 
classmates  at  their  5th 
Reunion  this  May. 

Ronni  Yellen 

is  a  registered  pharmacist 
working  at  the  Medi  Mart 
drugstore  in  Dedham, 
Massachusetts.  She  is  also 
completing  her  MBA  at 
Boston  College. 

Chaye  Zuckerman 

married  Michael  Shapot 
October  16,  1982.  Chaye 
graduated  from  New  York 
University  Law  School  last 
May  and  is  an  associate  with 
the  New  York  law  firm  of 
Schulte,  Roth  &.  Zabel. 
Michael  is  an  associate  with 
the  New  York  law  firm  of 
Andrew  M.  Schnier. 


79 

Jill  R.  Fleishman  married 
Marc  B.  Tapper  in  September 
1982.  Jill  IS  a  grant 
administrator  of  Trustees  of 
Health  and  Hospitals  of  the 
City  of  Boston.  Marc  is 
manager  of  Empire  Burglar 
Alarm  Company. 


Pamela  Galis  and  Bruce 
Perlman  were  married 
August  8,  1982.  Pamela  is  an 
education  consultant  for  the 
blind  and  visually  impaired 
with  the  Connecticut 
Department  of  Special 
Education.  Bruce  graduated 
from  Boston  University  Law 
School  in  May  1982  and  is 
an  associate  with  Bergman, 
Horowitz,  Reynolds  and 
DeSarbo  in  New  Haven. 
Pamela  and  Bruce  live  in 
Hamden,  Connecticut. 

David  Ginsberg  married 
Sharon  Kalimian  August  19, 
1982. 

Steven  Hentoff  is  a 

psychotherapist  in  the 
department  of  neurological 
surgery  at  University  of 
Miami  School  of  Medicine. 
He  IS  also  working  on  his 
dissertation  in  clinical 
psychology,  investigating  the 
effect  of  personality  and 
family  environment  on 
chronic  pain.  Steve  expects 
to  move  back  to  New 
England  this  fall. 

Wayne  B.  Hersher  received 
his  J.D.  from  Franklin  Pierce 
Law  Center  in  May  1982. 

David  G.  Hesse  and  Deborah 
Kirsch  were  married  last 
summer  David  is  a  third- 
year  medical  student  at  the 
University  of  New  Mexico 
College  of  Medicine. 
Deborah  is  attending  the 
University  of  New  Mexico 
School  of  Fine  Arts. 

Richard  O.  Jennings  received 
a  (D.  degree  from  University 
of  Pittsburgh  School  of  Law 
May  29,  1982.  Richard  began 
an  internship  last  October 
with  Fassbender,  Von  Treu  & 
Partner  in  Munich,  West 
Germany. 

loanne  Levy  and  Barry  D. 
Citrin  were  married  October 
9,  1982  and  are  living  in 
Tarrytown,  New  York. 
Joanne  is  an  AEA  stage 
manager  in  New  York  City. 
Barry  is  working  for 
Travelers  Insurance 
Company's  real  estate 
division  in  White  Plains. 


Marjorie  H.  Reiter  is  in  the 
MPH  program  at  Boston 
University  School  of  Public 
Health.  Her  brother,  Paul,  is 
a  member  of  the  Brandeis 
Class  of  '83. 

Jeffrey  Remz  and  Judith 
Bleiberg  '82  will  be  married 
August  2 1 .  fudy  is  attending 
the  University  of  Pittsburgh 
for  a  master's  in  information 
science,  and  Jeff  is  a  loumalist 
living  in  Brookline, 
Massachusetts. 

Wendy  Robinson  spent  a 
year  in  Jerusalem  and  is  now 
studying  for  her  second 
master's  degree  Jewish 
Education)  at  Hebrew  Union 
College-Los  Angeles.  Wendy 
IS  also  working  in  the 
Skirball  Museum's 
education  department. 

Steven  Rosenzweig  is  a  first- 
year  medical  student  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Marjorie  Bennett  Schiffrin 

and  her  husband,  Larry, 
announce  the  birth  of  their 
daughter,  Jessica  Brianna, 
June  28,  1982. 

David  A.  Schlesinger  and 

Jane  M.  Lefkowitz  were 
married  in  September  1982. 
David  IS  completing  his 
master's  degree  in  computer 
science  at  Boston  University. 
David  and  Jane  are  both 
employed  by  Chase 
Econometrics/Interactive 
Data  Corporation. 

Phyllis  Segal  has  moved  to 
Toronto,  Canada,  where  she 
is  involved  in  management 
consulting  for  the  public 
sector,  after  spending  two 
years  at  Cornell  earning  her 
MBA. 

Holly  J.  Shaw  is  on  the 
consulting  staff  of  Nolan, 
Norton  &  Company.  Holly 
married  Alan  Boyer  (Harvard 
'751  October  10,  1982.  Alan 
is  the  manager  of  fixed  assets 
and  inventory  control  at 
Wang  Laboratories.  They  live 
in  Burlington,  Massachusetts. 


Michael  M.  Sklar  announces 
plans  for  a  fall  1983  wedding 
to  Jane  Sabin,  a  Cornell 
University  graduate.  Michael 
is  a  programmer/analyst 
with  Manufacturers  Hanover 
Trust  in  New  York  City. 

Jay  Stiller  and  his  fiancee, 
Susan  Nackley,  are  fourth- 
year  medical  students  at  the 
University  of  Massachusetts. 
After  their  wedding  in  May, 
Jay  and  Susan  will  live  in 
Worcester,  Massachusetts, 
where  they  have  both 
accepted  residency  positions 
in  internal  medicine. 


'80 

Gary  M.  Clay  is  a  second- 
year  social  work  graduate 
student  at  Barry  University 
Miami,  where  he  recently 
received  the  Child  Welfare 
Traineeship  Award.  Gary  was 
also  selected  as  an 
Outstanding  Young  Man  of 
Amenca  for  1982,  elected 
president  of  the  Barry 
University  Chapter  of  Black 
Social  Workers,  and  elected 
vice  president  of  the  Social 
Work  Student  Government 
Association.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  National  Association 
of  Christians  in  Social  Work. 

Deborah  Cummis  has  been 
promoted  to  administrative 
assistant  to  the  general 
broadcast  editor  of  the 
Associated  Press  in  New 
York  City.  Deborah  is  also 
the  producer  of  a  talk  show 
for  Suburban  Cablevision  of 
East  Orange,  New  Jersey. 

Janet  Domenitz,  Jennifer 
Edson  and  Aaron  Garland 

were  reunited  July  4,  1982  in 
Hancock,  New  Hampshire. 
Missing  the  reunion  was 
Mark  Sack,  who  remains 
holding  the  fort  at  Kibbutz 
Can  Shmuel.  Aaron,  who 
has  returned  from  a  two-year 
stay  at  Gan  Shmuel,  is  still 
intent  on  improving  his 
hook-shot.  Jenny  has  entered 
the  MBA  program  at  Geoige 
Washington  University, 
while  Janet  is  in  her  third 
year  as  an  organizer  with  the 
Massachusetts  Public 
Interest  Research  Group 
(MASSPIRGI. 


Come  one,  come  all,  and    46 
join  in  the  festivities! 

Brandeis  Reunion  '83 

Friday,  May  20- 
Sunday,  May  22. 

Special 

Class  Reunions  for: 


Class  78 

5th  Reunion 

Class  '73 

10th  Reunion 

Class  '68 

15  th  Reunion 

Class  '63 

20th  Reunion 

Class  '58 

25th  Reunion 

Class  '53 

30th  Reunion 

Non-reunion      Please  Note: 


classes  are 
most 
welcome 
to  join  any 
of  the 
activities. 


A  Reunion  '83  brochure, 
with  a  detailed  agenda, 
has  been  sent  to  all 
alumni  celebrating  special 
class  reimions. 


Newsnote 


We  invite  you  to  submit 
articles,  photos  or 
news  of  interest  to  the 
Alumni  Office  for  review. 
Notes  and  articles 
received  up  to  July  30 
will  be  considered  for  the 
fall  issue. 


Name 


Brandeis  Degree  &  Class  Year 


Address 


D 


Please  check  here  if  address 

is  different 

from  mailing  label. 


Please 
return  to 


Alumni  Office 
Brandeis  University 
Waltham,  Massachusetts 
02254. 


News: 


Graduates 


'81 


'64 


47    Hailan  Halper,  a  placement 
manager  with  Robert  Half  of 
NY,  Inc.,  announces  his 
engagement  to  Sheri  G. 
Mitnick'83.  A  May  1983 
wedding  is  planned. 

Lisa  Morgan  is  an  ENG 

producer  for  WCVB-TV, 
Channel  5,  in  Needham, 
Massachusetts.  Her 
responsibilities  include 
producing,  editing  and 
writing  news  stories. 

Elaine  Sachter,  a  second-year 
medical  student  at  Oregon 
Health  Sciences  University 
in  Portland,  married  Michael 
Newman  December  28, 
1982.  They  will  be 
immigrating  to  Israel  in 
September  1984. 

Andrew  Schneider  is  a 

medical  student  at  the  State 
University  of  New  York- 
Buffalo.  He  is  engaged  to 
Ronnie  Benvenisty  and  will 
be  married  this  year. 

Howard  Siegel  and  Renee 
Rieder  were  married  June  20, 
1982  in  Encino,  California. 
They  are  living  in  Highland 
Park,  New  Jersey,  where 
Howie  IS  in  his  second  year 
at  Rutgers  Medical  School. 
Renee  received  her  master's 
in  social  service  from  Bryn 
Mawr  college  in  May  1982 
and  IS  working  at  the  John  E 
Kennedy  Medical  Center. 

Linda  Warshaw  married 
Avraham  Shimon  in  January. 
Linda  is  completing  her 
master's  degree  at  Weizmann 
Institute  of  Science  in 
Rehovot,  Israel,  and  plans  to 
remain  in  Israel  to  pursue  a 
Ph.D. 


Jeffrey  Field  is  a  law  student 
at  University  of  California- 
Berkeley. 

Marlene  Finn  and  Harris 
Ruderman  will  be  married  in 
April.  Marlene  is  a  product 
manager  for  an  electronics 
distributor  in  Connecticut. 

Steven  B.  Holtzman  is 

serving  in  the  Peace  Corps  in 
Senegal,  West  Africa,  and 
would  appreciate  hearing 
from  fellow  alumni. 
Beginning  in  July  Steve,  who 
was  a  recipient  of  the  Rotary 
International  Scholarship 
(1981-82),  will  attend  the 
Nehru  Institute,  New  Delhi, 
India,  in  pursuit  of  a 
master's  in  international 
relations. 

Stuart  Isaacs  reports  that 
Mod  20  had  a  reunion  in 
Waltham  last  August. 
Modmates  Laura  LeBIanc, 
who  is  in  her  first  year  of 
journalism  school;  Elizabeth 
JaHee,  who  is  married  to  Fred 
Brancati  and  is  in  her  second 
year  at  New  York  Medical 
College;  Chuck  Rubin,  who 
had  a  successful  year  in 
management  at  Jordan 
Marsh;  Harlan  Grogin,  a 
second-year  medical  student 
at  New  York  University;  and 
Stuart  Isaacs,  a  second-year 
medical  student  at  Yale, 
attended  the  festivities. 
Janet  Robinson  was  unable 
to  attend.  Janet  is  in  her  first 
year  of  Medical  School  at 
George  Washington 
University. 

Maia  Eve  Lowenschuss  is 

living  in  Santa  Barbara, 
California,  and  working  at 
two  local  radio  stations. 
Maia  has  been  the  cantor  for 
Hillel  High  Holy  Day 
services  at  University  of 
Califomia-Santa  Barbara  for 
the  past  two  years. 

Richard  Morgan  and  Jenny 
Goodman  were  married  June 
S,  1982.  Jenny  is  working  in 
Baltimore,  Maryland,  and 
Rick  is  in  his  second  year  at 
Jolms  Hopkins  University. 


Carmi  Neiger,  who  is  a 

graduate  student  of 
architecture  at  University  of 
Illinois,  married  Carol 
Lezberg,  an  art  director  and 
graphic  designer,  November 
6,  1982.  They  are  living  in 
Chicago. 

Marc  D.  Schneider  and 
Eileen  S.  Merker  were 
married  August  15,  1982. 
Marc  IS  in  his  second  year  at 
University  of  Chicago 
Business  School,  and  Eileen 
IS  in  a  two-year  program  at 
University  of  Chicago's 
School  of  Social  Service 
Administration. 

Lucy  Spencer  and  Kenneth 
Hornstein  were  married  in 
December  1982.  Ken  is  a 
computer  programmer  with 
a  small  company  outside 
Philadelphia,  and  Lucy  is  a 
second-year  student  at  the 
Medical  College  of 
Pennsylvania. 


'82 

Alice  Solomon,  former 
chairperson  of  ProBo,  is  a 
student  at  Villanova 
University  Law  School. 


Edwin  M.  Yamauchi  (MA., 

History  '62;  Ph.D.,  History] 
has  written  Foes  From  the 
Noithem  Fiontier:  Invading 
Hordes  From  the  Russian 
Steppes,  published  by  Baker 
Book  House,  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.,  in  1982.  Edwin  is 
professor  of  history  at  Miami 
University  in  Oxford,  OJiio. 

'68 

John  N.  Oswalt  (M.A., 
Mediterranean  Studies  '66; 
Ph.D.,  Mediterranean 
Studies)  has  been  appointed 
president  of  Asbury  College 
in  Wilmore,  Kentucky. 

'70 

Sophie  Freud  Loewenstein 

(Ph.D.,  Sociology),  professor 
of  social  work  at  Simmons 
College  School  of  Social 
Work,  has  co-authoied  a 
play — "Reconciliations" — 
with  Dr.  Marianne  Kruell,  a 
sociologist  at  the  University 
of  Bonn. 

Diane  Kravitz  Roskies 

(M.A.,  Psychology)  is  an 
attorney  specializing  in 
wills,  trusts  and  estates  at 
the  New  York  law  firm  of 
Whitman  &  Ransom.  She  is 
also  an  adjunct  instructor  at 
Cardozo  Law  School, 
Yeshiva  University. 

'72 

Ralph  Gottlieb  (M.A., 
Contemporary  Jewish 
Studies)  received  a  J.D. 
degree  from  Georgetown 
University  Law  Center  and 
was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in 
the  District  of  Columbia. 

In  October  Martha  A.  Jaffe 

(M.A.,  Mathematics  '67; 
Ph.D.,  Mathematics),  former 
professor  of  mathematics  at 
Boston  College,  was 
appointed  professor  of 
mathematics  at  Framingham 
State  College,  Framingham, 
Massachusetts. 


Deaths 


73 

Bany  V.  Gorewit  (Ph.D., 
Chemistry)  has  joined  Stuart 
Pharmaceuticals,  a  division 
of  ICI  Americas  Inc.,  as 
manager  of  quality  assurance 
for  Stuart's  Pasadena, 
California  plant.  Barry  was 
formerly  technical  director 
for  Rich  Life  Inc.  of 
Anaheim,  California.  He  and 
his  wife,  Christine,  live  in 
Burbank. 


74 

Betty  J.  Cleckley  (Ph.D., 
Heller)  was  appointed 
assistant  vice  president  for 
academic  affairs  at  Meharry 
Medical  College  in 
Nashville,  Tennessee 
September  1,  1982. 

75 

Judy  A.  Feierstein  (M.A., 
Contemporary  Jewish 
Studies)  was  appointed 
educational  director  of 
Keneseth  Israel 
Congregation  Religious 
School  in  Louisville, 
Kentucky  in  August  1982. 
Judy  is  also  an  MBA 
candidate  at  the  University 
of  LouisviUe. 


76 

Douglas  A.  Harper  (Ph.D., 
Sociology)  was  promoted  to 
associate  professor  of 
sociology  with  tenure  at  the 
State  University  College, 
Potsdam,  New  York. 

Fernando  M.  Torres-Gil 

(Ph.D.,  Heller),  assistant 
professor  of  gerontology  and 
public  administration  at  the 
University  of  Southern 
California,  has  written  a 
book  entitled  Politics  On 
Aging  Among  Elder 
Hispanics,  to  be  published 
by  University  Press  of 
America  in  March. 


'53 


'81 


participated  in  the  Iowa 
State  University  Shakespeare 
Symposium,  Ames,  Iowa. 


'80 

Susan  W.  Gersten  (Ph.D., 
Chemistry)  is  a  research 
chemist  for  Stauffer 
Chemical  Company  at  their 
Eastern  Research  Center  in 
Elmsford,  New  York.  Sue  is 
working  in  the  field  of 
electronic  chemicals  and 
lives  in  Elmsford. 

Rabbi  Harold  S.  Jaye  (Ph.D., 
Near  Eastern  and  Judaic 
Studies)  married  Laura  S. 
Burack  May  9,  1982.  Harold 
is  rabbi  of  Lakeside 
Congregation  for  Reform 
Judaism  in  Highland  Park, 
Illinois. 

Joel  Eric  Suben  (Ph.D., 
Music)  was  named 
permanent  conductor  of  the 
Peninsula  Symphony  of 
Virginia  for  the  1982-83 
season.  Joel  has  won  awards 
from  the  American  Guild  of 
Organists,  the  Eastman 
School  of  Music,  the 
Rochester  Association  of 
Churches  &  Synagogues,  and 
the  Virginia  Music  Teachers 
Association.  In  1982  he  was 
named  Composer  of  the  Year 
by  the  Music  Teachers 
National  Association.  In 
1977  he  was  chosen  as  a 
MacDowell  Colony  Fellow 
and  also  received  a  Sachar 
International  Studies  Grant 
from  Brandeis.  His  music  is 
published  by  Belwin-Mills, 
Bourne  Company  and 
APMN,  New  York. 


Ronald  E.  Shor,  Ph.D.,  died       Steven  Geismar  died  August     48 
January  29,  1982.  29,  1982. 


'68 

Kenneth  E.  Smith  died 
August  21,  1982. 

'77 

Ellen  R.  Greenman  died 
August  31,  1982.  She  is 
survived  by  her  parents, 
Shirley  and  Jack  Greenman, 
and  a  sister,  Susan. 


Moving? 


Name 


Since  we  don't  want  to 
lose  you, 

please  let  us  know  your 
new  address  .  .  . 


Address 


City 


State 


Zip 


79 

Gideon  D.  Rappaport  (Ph.D., 
Enghsh  and  American 
Literature)  worked  on  the 
1982  festival  productions  of 
Shakespeare's  The  Tempest 
and  The  Taming  of  the 
Shrew  at  the  Old  Globe 
Theatre  in  San  Diego.  In 
April  1982  Gideon 


Also,  please  attach  the 
label  from  this  issue  of  the 
Brandeis  Review  indicating 
your  old  address  and  send 
this  coupon  to: 


Brandeis  Review 

Brandeis  University 
Waltham,  Massachusetts 
02254 


Festive  Day  Planned  For  Farber 
Library  Dedication 


The  brick  and  glass  facade  of 
the  five-story  Leonard  L. 
Farber  Library  glistened 
against  a  fresh  blanket  of 
January  snow  while,  inside, 
workmen  were  busy  carting 
books  into  place  and 
students  roamed  the  stacks, 
undeterred  by  new 
surroundings.  All  that 
awaited  the  University's 
newest  structure  were 
warmer  days  and  an  official 
dedication. 

Dedication  ceremonies, 
slated  for  June  8,  will  bring 
over  500  people  to  campus 
for  a  festive  day  of  specially 
planned  events  and 
activities.  Included  among 
the  guests  will  be  University 
trustees,  dignitaries  of  the 
Commonwealth  of 
Massachusetts,  library 
campaign  contributors. 
University  officers  and 
members  of  the  National 
Women's  Committee,  whose 
armual  conference  takes 
place  on  campus  at  that 
time. 


The  new  library  complex, 
consisting  of  the  newly 
constructed  Leonard  L. 
Farber  Library,  the  expanded 
Jacob  Goldfarb  Library  and 
the  Rapaporte  Treasure  Hall, 
is  united  by  an  attractive 
plaza  area,  certain  to  become 
a  focal  point  on  campus  in 
milder  weather 

Although  dedication 
ceremonies  are  still  a  few 
months  off,  Farber  Library  is 
already  very  much  in  use, 
offering  the  increased  space, 
services  and  technology 
critical  to  students'  study 
and  research  needs.  The  new 
facility  also  provides  a 
much-needed  place  for  late- 
night  study. 

A  successful  library 
campaign  has  raised 
$6,500,000  toward  its  goal  of 
$8,500,000,  a  sum  intended 
to  cover  the  costs  of 
construction,  furnishings 
and  technical  equipment  as 
well  as  provide  the  funds 
needed  for  endowed 
maintenance.  Donor 
recognition  is  still  available 
for  contributions  to  the 
Undergraduate  Study  Center, 
the  Music  Listening  Room, 
the  Phonograph  Record 
Room,  the  Central  Reading 
Area  and  Core  Collection, 
and  a  limited  number  of 
study  room  alcoves. 


Brandeis  University  Press 


'The  exploration  of  truth  \(t  it^  mncriiiost  parts" 


Fern  L.  Nesson 

Great  Waters 

A  History  of 
Boston's  Water  Supply 


■'An  interesting  stcny  convincingly  told. 
Non-specialists  as  well  as  historians  of 
technology  and  politics  will  enjoy  it." 
Mark  Rose 
Michigan 
Technological  L'niversity 

Provision  of  water  is  critical  to  any 
society.  But  because  water  is  so  funda- 
mental and  the  basic  methods  of  sup- 
plying it  were  devised  over  one  hundred 
years  ago.  we  think  and  know  very  little 
about  it  today.  Great  (Voters  describes 
Boston's  water  supply  history  from 
1846  until  the  present.  More  than  a  nar- 
rowly conceived  narrative,  the  book  is  a 
case  study  of  how  a  city  and  its  suburbs 
dealt  with  a  serious  issue  of  public 
health  and  economics,  how  the  political 
system  worked  to  adjudicate  competing 
demands  for  the  same  resources,  and  an 
in-depth  look  at  what  people  want  for 
their  water  supplies. 

Great  Waters  is  also  a  book  about  engi- 
neers  and   their   role    in   nineteenth- 
century  America.  Throughout  its  his- 
tory, Boston  hired  the  foremost  water 
supply  engineers  to  design  its  reservoirs. 


\\  e  see  tlieni  to(la\  as  social  anliitecls 
with  a  deep  understanding  of  the  com- 
peting issues  involved. 

And  finally.  Great  Haters  relates  a  his- 
tory of  past  attitudes  toward  issues  of 
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setts rivers  have  provided  pure  water  to 
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remain  undrinkable  and  unswimmable. 
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ing and  complicated,  but  it  is  also  a 
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able fashion. 

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The  Erosion  of  Economic 
Security  in  China  and  the 
United  States 


by  Leonard  1.  Hausman 


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The  Erosion  of  Economic  Security  in  China  and  the  United  States 


by  Leonard  J.  Hausman 


Two  Social  Protection  Systems 


Leonard  /.  Hausman  is  the 
Lester  and  Alfred  Morse 
Associate  Professor  of 
Economics  at  the  Heller 
School,  where  he  chairs  its 
Center  for  Employment 
and  Income  Studies  and 
co-directs  its  Center  for 
Social  Policy  in  the  Middle 
East. 


He  visited  China  a  few 
months  ago,  the  first  step 
of  an  exchange  of  scholars  and 
education  programs 
between  Brandeis'  Heller 
School  and  the  People's 
Republic  of  China. 


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These  are  actual  headlines  appearing  in  newspapers  and 
originating  from  the  Ministry  of  Labor  and  Personnel  in 
the  People's  Republic  of  China.  Conversing  with 
government  officials  responsible  for  the  redesign  of 
China's  labor  market  and  social  protection  system,  an 
American  economist  needs  to  pinch  himself  twice:  once, 
because  he  knows  that  his  counterparts,  those  who 
develop  the  policies  behind  these  headlines,  represent  the 
world's  largest  socialist  republic;  twice,  because  the 
rhetoric  in  Vice  Premier  Deng's  China  is  so  akin  to  that 
heard  m  President  Reagan's  America. 

A  Chinese  academic  visiting  the  United  States,  one 
imagines,  would  need  to  pinch  himself  but  once. 
Listening  to  presidential  tales  of  budgets  hemorrhaging 
from  ballooning  social  programs,  cancerous  growth  in  the 
food  stamps  program,  and  the  need  to  force  the  indolent 
to  work  while  supporting  only  the  truly  needy,  he,  too, 
would  find  the  quality  of  the  rhetoric  awfully  familiar 
though  not  as  surprising. 

In  both  of  these  countries,  rhetoric  reflects  a  new  reality; 
the  economic  security  of  households  is  eroding. 


In  the  United  States,  economic  security  is  provided 
through  one's  job  and  by  a  vast  array  of  government 
programs.  Most  households  are  supported  by  the  labor 
income  of  one  or  more  of  its  members  and  some,  such  as 
government  employees  and  university  professors,  have 
what  often  amounts  to  life  tenure  m  their  jobs.  Recent 
studies  by  American  labor  economists  have  shown  that, 
at  least  until  the  current  recession,  the  average  American 
will  hold  a  job  for  about  eight  years,  which  is  somewhat 
longer  than  the  job  tenure  of  Japanese  workers  who  are 
often  viewed  as  the  most  secure.  While  some  workers 
have  life  tenure,  many,  especially  those  with  few  skills, 
turn  over  rapidly  and  frequently. 

When  employees  take  ill,  become  disabled,  or  retire,  their 
fringe  benefits  are  the  mam  source  of  support  in  a 
majority  of  cases.  In  addition  to  an  individual's  savings, 
health  insurance,  disability  insurance,  and  private 
pensions  protect  against  big  spending  needs  or 
interruptions  in  income. 

Backing  up  wage  and  benefit  compensation  from  jobs  is  a 
set  of  income  transfer  programs  run  by  state  and  federal 
governments  which  tax  people  to  finance  unemployment 
insurance.  The  federal  government  runs  Social  Security, 
the  largest  income  transfer  program  in  the  world; 
Medicare  protects  the  elderly  and  disabled  against  large 
health  care  costs,  while  those  unprotected  by  social 
insurance  may  find  coverage  under  various  welfare 
programs,  such  as  food  stamps  or  Medicaid.  In  addition, 
supplementary  aid  may  reach  people  through  agencies  in 
the  voluntary  sector,  such  as  religious  organizations 
operating  soup  kitchens. 

The  American  social  protection  system  constitutes 
roughly  one-third  of  our  trillion-dollar  economy.  The 
federal  government  spends  over  $425  billion  yearly  on 
health,  welfare,  and  services,  and  the  state  governments 
another  $75  billion.  Employers  and  employees  spend  over 
$300  billion  on  employee  benefits;  individuals  spend 
another  $100  billion  on  health  services;  and  individual 
savings  and  expenditures  through  voluntary 
organizations  bring  the  total  over  $1  trillion.  The  system 
is  huge. 

Social  protection  is  provided  in  China  through  jobs,  and 
most  workers  in  urban  areas  have  life  tenure  on  their  jobs. 
This  institution  is  called  the  "iron  rice  bowl."  That 
society's  protection  of  its  workers  is  so  rigid  that,  until 
recently,  it  virtually  was  impossible  to  lose  one's  job  or  to 
find  a  superior  one  on  one's  own.  If  a  firm  did  not  require 
workers  because  its  products  were  unneeded,  it  still 
retained  its  full  complement  of  workers.  Discipline 
problems  did  not  result  in  dismissal  and  "Lazy  Workers," 
as  noted  at  the  outset,  were  not  uncommon,  so  that  in 
effect,  the  state,  through  its  subsidies,  underwrote  vast 
quantities  of  surplus  labor.  The  iron  rice  bowl  offered 
income  security,  but  that  came  at  a  great  price.  China's 
labor  officials  calculate  that  five  people  have  been  holding 
jobs  that  require  the  work  of  three;  thus  under- 
employment has  been  vast. 

As  for  wages,  those  for  highly  skilled  workers  are  low 
relative  to  those  for  the  unskilled;  and  often  people  with 
limited  skills  are  paid  more  than  their  output  justifies. 


Has  Social  Protection  Slowed  Economic  Expansion? 


This  wage  policy  is  also  part  of  China's  protective  system. 
It  should  be  noted  that,  to  a  degree,  the  wage  system  has 
been  redistnbutive  beyond  the  needs  of  social  protection. 
It  has  put  a  relatively  high  minimum  and  low  maximum 
on  wages. 

The  Chinese  worker  is  also  entitled  to  a  long  list  of 
benefits:  free  health  care  for  the  worker  and  half  price  for 
all  relatives;  paid  sick  leave  at  between  sixty  to  one 
hundred  percent  of  full  pay;  retirement  pensions;  child 
benefits;  convalescent  homes;  and  even  showers  and 
baths,  since  they  typically  are  unavailable  at  home.  As  m 
the  United  States,  benefits  add  on  the  average  about 
one-third  to  wages.  For  example,  in  1981,  workers  earned 
a  total  of  $3.2  billion  in  wages  in  Shanghai  and  benefits 
added  $1.2  billion  to  this  total. 

The  last  component  of  China's  social  protection  system 
is  a  series  of  price  subsidies.  The  government  controls  the 
price  of  food,  clothing,  and  housing  to  make  consumer 
goods  accessible  to  all  citizens.  For  example,  the  rent  for 
an  average  household  may  be  three  to  four  percent  of  its 
income.  In  Shanghai  in  1 98 1,  the  average  household 
earned  $1,125.  Its  rent,  therefore,  was  $40.  In  the  absence 
of  the  state  subsidy  for  housing,  the  rent  might  have  been 
$380,  twenty-five  percent  of  income,  which  means  that 
the  state  subsidy  amounted  to  about  $340.  These 
benefits,  which  come  either  through  the  job  or  directly 
from  the  state,  add  measurably  to  purchasing  power. 

The  variety  and  size  of  benefits,  along  with  the  egalitarian 
wage  payment  system  and  relatively  small  public  sector 
income  transfer  programs,  distinguish  China's  social 
protection  system  from  that  of  the  United  States. 


The  prevailing  powers  in  China  and  the  United  States 
have  concluded  that  social  protection  systems  must  be 
redesigned  to  stimulate  a  higher  rate  of  economic  growth. 
Whether  programs  providing  people  with  financial 
security  contributed  to  recent  economic  troubles  in  these 
two  countries  and,  if  so,  how  substantially,  are  separate 
matters. 

The  expansion  since  1 96 1  of  the  social  protection  system 
in  the  United  States  is  not  a  principal  factor  in  the  sharp 
decline  in  growth  and  more  recent  stagnation  experienced 
here.  In  America,  popular  pressure  for  cutbacks  in  social 
programs  is  the  fundamental  reason  for  such  reductions; 
and  this  popular  pressure  is  a  result,  not  a  major  cause,  of 
slower  economic  growth.  As  people  have  witnessed  a 
reduced  rate  of  growth  in  their  incomes,  they  have 
reacted  by  trying  to  cut  out  what  they  view  as  frills, 
including  aid  through  taxes  and  transfer  programs  that 
often  go  to  quite  needy  families. 

Big  budget  deficits  and  the  growth  of  social  programs  are 
not  principal  sources  of  America's  economic  woes.  Social 
programs  have  grown  steadily,  not  suddenly,  since  1961 
and  thus  could  not  have  occasioned  the  sudden  economic 
break  observed  around  1973-74.  Moreover,  growth  in 
social  programs  was  offset  substantially  by  a  decline  in 
defense  expenditures.  In  fact,  at  the  end  of  the  seventies, 
there  was  virtually  no  deficit  in  the  public  sector  when 
one  combines  the  budgets  of  federal,  state,  and  local 
governments.  Big  budget  deficits  are  a  very  recent 
phenomenon  and  are  the  result  of  tax  cuts  legislated 
federally  in  1981  and  of  economic  stagnation  between 
mid- 1981  and  now. 

In  terms  of  dollar  expenditures  and  enrollments  in 
income  transfer  programs,  the  biggest  growth  in  the  last 
twenty  years  has  been  in  the  social  insurance  programs 
(unemployment,  disability  and  old  age  insurance)  rather 
than  in  the  welfare  programs  (AFDC  and  food  stamps). 
Expenditures  on  the  welfare  programs  are  also  much 
smaller,  roughly  $85  billion  annually.  Expenditures  on 
social  insurance  now  are  $240  billion  a  year.  Also, 
insurance  programs  enroll  people  whose  roles  in  the  labor 
force  are  much  more  important  in  economic  terms  than 
those  who  receive  welfare. 

A  reasonable  question  to  ask  is  whether  individuals  work 
less  when  they  receive  benefits  from  social  programs.  For 
example,  are  individuals  less  likely  to  work  if  they  can 
receive  unemployment  insurance,  and  do  they  retire 
earlier  if  they  can  receive  Social  Security?  If  there  was  a 
substantial  decrease  in  the  amount  of  work  people  do 
because  of  such  subsidies,  then  our  economic  output 
would  be  lower  than  if  the  benefits  were  not  available. 

Although  studies  have  shown  that  work  is  affected 
adversely  by  income  transfers,  and  far  more  by  insurance 
than  by  welfare  programs,  their  effects  by  no  means 
account  for  the  sharp  drop  in  the  rate  of  economic  growth 
since  late  1973. 

In  China,  economic  difficulties  are  rooted  in  its  economic 
institutions  as  well  as  in  political  turmoil.  According  to  a 
Chinese  economist  writing  in  the  Beijing  Review  in 
1981,  the  wages  of  workers  (adjusted  for  inflation)  in  state 


enterprises  in  1978  actually  were  slightly  lower  than  they 
were  twenty  years  earlier.  Increases  in  industrial  output 
over  those  twenty  years  came  about  largely  by  adding 
more  workers  to  the  economy,  not  by  increasing  j^Xv 

productivity.  ''-^ 

Besides  the  Cultural  Revolution,  which  lasted  from  1966 
to  1976  and  which  greatly  disrupted  the  economy,  the 
stagnation  in  wages  has  its  roots  in  good  part  in  what  we 
have  called  the  social  protection  system.  A  recent  study 
by  Professor  of  Economics  D.  Gale  Johnson  at  the 
University  of  Chicago  has  specified  China's  economic 
institutions  that  have  contributed  measurably  to  its 
economic  difficulties.  Some  of  these  institutions  form  the 
core  of  China's  social  protection  system. 

Although  the  iron  rice  bowl  system  affords  jobs  and 
financial  security  to  workers,  it  also  retards  economic 
growth.  If  workers  receive  life  tenure  when  they  start  a 
job,  then  employers  are  bound  to  keep  them  even  if  they 
do  not  require  their  services  or  if  they  view  their  services 
as  inadequate.  The  iron  rice  bowl  system  thus 
undermines  discipline  and  hard  work  and  loads 
enterprises  with  surplus  labor.  The  system  clearly  raises 
production  costs.  Insofar  as  it  keeps  workers  in  places 
where  they  are  not  needed,  new  or  expanding  enterprises 
cannot  get  workers  they  require.  So  in  periods  of  full 
employment,  the  iron  rice  bowl  stifles  development. 

Interest  in  egalitarianism  rather  than  m  productivity  has 
motivated  the  wage  payment  system  under  which 
everyone  has  been  paid  from  "the  big  communal  pot." 
The  result  has  been,  according  to  leading  economists  m 
China,  a  stifling  of  workers'  incentives  and,  thus,  great 
losses  in  output.  So  instead  of  motivating  workers  to 
produce,  economic  institutions  were  obstacles  to  hard 
work  and  high  output. 

Lastly,  the  vast  network  of  price  subsidies  on  consumer 
goods  and  services  has  interfered  with  economic  growth. 
As  an  example,  the  prices  that  the  state  has  paid  to 
farmers  for  agricultural  goods  have  been  kept  low  relative 
to  those  for  industrial  goods.  This  has  meant  that  returns 
to  farmers  from  production,  and  thus  the  rewards  for  hard 
work,  have  been  low  by  comparison  with  those  for 
industrial  goods.  Lower  rewards  have  meant  lower  farm 
outputs.  Secondly,  the  state  has  kept  consumer  prices  for 
foods  below  what  the  state  had  to  pay  for  them.  This 
results  in  overconsumption  of  foodstuffs,  another  source 
of  economic  waste.  Lastly,  the  gap  between  what  the 
state  pays  producers  and  charges  consumers  has  to  be 
made  up  by  state  subsidies.  In  one  way  or  another, 
something  akin  to  taxes  must  cover  the  cost  of  these 
subsidies. 

In  sum,  China's  social  protection  system  is  made  up  of  a 
critical  set  of  economic  institutions.  These  institutions 
have  been  cornerstones  of  prevailing  political  thinking  for 
several  decades.  The  judgment  of  economists  in  China  is 
that  while  institutions  have  resulted  in  a  fair  degree  of 
security  (and  equality),  they  also  have  been  costly  in 
terms  of  economic  growth. 


Reforms  Taking  Shape  in  China 


China's  problems  with  its  social  protection  system  are 
serious.  The  challenge  tacmg  reformers  is  great  in  China 
because  of  the  centrality  of  its  protective  institutions  and 
because  of  the  repercussions  that  must  come  from 
changes.  As  workers  are  freer  to  make  choices,  employers 
will  be  allowed  to  choose  their  own  workers.  Moreover, 
new  workers  will  not  immediately  and  automatically 
receive  life  tenure  on  their  jobs  but  will  be  enlisted  on  a 
short-term  contract  basis.  Workers  will  be  free  to  leave 
their  jobs  for  new  ones,  and  employers  will  be  permitted 
to  dismiss  workers  for  disciplinary  reasons  and  not  renew 
the  contracts  of  unwanted  employees.  This  dramatic  set  of 
reforms  lessens  security  by  increasing  the  probability  of 
unemployment  and  leads  to  a  more  productive  use  of 
labor. 

New  wage  policies  are  replacing  those  that  shape  the 
communal  wage  pots.  Enterprises  will  be  able  to  retain 
profits  resulting  from  brisk  sales  and  efficient  production, 
in  part  to  reward  workers  with  higher  wages  and  more 
ample  benefits.  Withm  such  successful  enterprises, 
workers  who  are  particularly  productive  are  going  to  be 
given  above  average  promotions  and  wage  increases. 
Along  these  lines,  wage  incentive  systems  are  being 
studied  with  the  intent  of  pushing  productivity  upward. 
In  a  stark  and  revolutionary  manner,  egalitarianism  in 
wage  policy  is  being  abandoned.  "From  each  according  to 
his  work,  to  each  according  to  his  contribution."  This  is 
the  guiding  principle  for  wage  policy.  The  big  communal 
wage  pot  is  being  cracked. 

A  brand  new  and  startling  reform  is  that  proposed  for  the 
administration  of  employee  benefit  programs.  A  central 
feature  of  Chairman  Mao's  China  was  the  association 
with  the  factory  of  the  great  variety  of  benefit  programs. 
Health  care  clinics,  day  care  centers,  apartment  houses, 
cafeterias,  and  baths,  all  are  frequently  part  of  the  factory 
establishment.  Thus,  the  factory  encompassed  virtually 
all  aspects  of  life.  A  new  experiment  is  the  unhinging  of 
these  ancillary  activities  from  the  work  place  by  having 
community  agencies  develop  health  clinics  and  day  care 
centers. 

Should  the  reform  go  forward,  a  worker  no  longer  will 
rely  on  his  factory  for  everything  he  needs  so  that 
factories  can  concentrate  on  the  production  of  goods. 
Therefore,  a  new  sector  must  develop  to  manage  services 
previously  run  by  enterprises.  This  will  undoubtedly 
undermine  a  sense  of  security  but,  at  the  same  time, 
make  it  easier  for  workers  to  change  jobs  because  doing  so 
will  not  entail  altering  every  aspect  of  life.  Another 
revolutionary  reform  has  been  set  in  motion. 

It  must  be  stressed  that  the  three  reforms  just  noted  are  in 
the  early  stages  of  implementation.  How  far  they  proceed 
is  unclear,  and  problems  may  be  anticipated. 

A  startling  development  is  the  recent  announcement  that 
price  subsidies  are  being  abandoned  for  many  goods. 
Henceforth,  supply  and  demand  will  set  prices.  One 
suspects  that  this  development  will  spread,  although  how 
far  and  how  fast  is  difficult  to  foretell. 


Until  this  very  recent  announcement,  price  subsidies  for 
fresh  produce  were  already  undermined  in  a  subtle  way. 
Farmers  have  been  allowed  for  some  time  to  grow  fruits 
and  vegetables  on  their  own  plots  and  then  sell  their 
products  in  open-air  markets  at  free  market  prices, 
retaining  the  financial  rewards.  So,  consumers  in  China 
have  been  able  to  get  tomatoes  at  a  fixed,  low,  subsidized 
price  at  state  stores  and  at  a  floating,  usually  higher, 
unsubsidized  price  in  the  open  air  market.  The  tomatoes 
in  the  open  markets  are  likely  to  be  superior  m  quality. 
One  wonders,  therefore,  even  if  price  subsidies  are  not 
abandoned,  what  the  quantity  and  quality  of  produce 
appearing  in  state  stores  in  a  few  years  are  likely  to  be. 

The  reforms  since  early  1981  in  the  United  States 
stemming  from  supply-side  economics,  have  had  their 
greatest  impact  on  the  poor.  In  the  first  year  of  the  Reagan 
administration,  the  rate  of  growth  in  income  transfers  for 
the  poor  was  cut  by  fifty-four  percent.  By  contrast,  the 
rate  of  growth  m  the  (much  larger)  insurance  programs 
was  cut  by  fourteen  percent.  Dollar  expenditures  on  both 
will  continue  to  grow,  but  at  a  reduced  rate. 

To  meet  public  pressures  on  budgets  and,  of  late,  to 
improve  work  incentives  for  the  poor,  benefits  in  AFDC 
and  food  stamps  have  been  held  back  since  1973.  AFDC 
benefits,  adjusted  for  inflation,  will  have  fallen  by  an 
average  of  one-third  across  the  nation  between  1974  and 
1984.  Starting  in  1981,  several  hundred  thousand  families 
receiving  AFDC  and  food  stamps  were  removed  from 
those  programs  because  adults  heading  those  families 
were  working.  Workfare  programs  for  welfare  recipients 
have  become  more  widespread.  One  could  enumerate 
many  other  cutbacks  in  welfare  designed  to  save 
government  funds  and  make  welfare  less  attractive  as  an 
alternative  to  work. 

Nothing  like  the  above  changes  have  been  made  in  the 
insurance  programs,  but  cuts  have  come  there,  too.  For 
example,  administrative  changes  have  removed  many 
people  from  the  Disability  Insurance  program,  and  in 
1981,  extended  benefits  for  the  long-term  unemployed 
through  the  Unemployment  Insurance  program  were 
reduced  by  Federal  law  in  many  states.  Recently,  though, 
the  Congress  has  had  to  extend  benefits  for  much  longer 
periods  because  of  the  serious  recession.  The  reforms  just 
enacted  in  Old  Age  Insurance  include  a  provision  to  delay 
by  several  years  the  age  at  which  people  may  begin  to 
collect  benefits.  This  reform,  however,  does  not  take 
effect  until  the  next  century.  Important,  though,  in  terms 
of  the  erosion  of  security,  is  the  fact  that  Social  Security 
benefits  will  now  become  taxable  for  high  income  people. 
Health  insurance  programs,  private  and  public,  so  far 
have  escaped  serious  reform,  but  reforms  eroding  benefits 
in  these  programs,  one  suspects,  will  also  come  along  in 
the  next  few  years. 

In  America,  then,  as  in  China,  there  is  an  erosion  of 
security,  sometimes  in  the  interest  of  reducing 
expenditures  and  sometimes  in  the  interest  of  improving 
incentives.  Faced  with  economic  pressures  similar  in 
nature  but  different  in  extent,  China  and  the  United 
States  are  traveling  similar  roads,  but  at  different  speeds. 
In  China  a  revolution  seems  to  be  underway. 


Toward  International 
Feminism 


by  Asoka  Bandarage 


Asoka  Bandarage,  assistant  professor 
of  sociology,  serves  on  the  Projects 
Evaluation  Committee  of 
Oxfam-America,  the  International 
Committee  of  the  Boston  Women's 
Health  Book  Collective  and  the 
editorial  board  of  the  Bulletin  of 
Concerned  Asian  Scholars. 


Her  first  book.  Colonialism  in  Sri 
Lanka:  The  Political  Economy  of  the 
Kandyan  Highlands,  1833-1886  wiii 
be  published  by  Mouton  Publishers 
this  summer. 


Spurred  by  the  women's  movement  in 
the  West,  women's  liberation  has 
rightfully  emerged  as  a  global  issue. 
The  internationalization  of  feminism 
IS  one  of  the  most  controversial 
intellectual  and  political 
developments  of  our  time.  Women 
around  the  world  have  begun  to 
address  the  age-old,  deep-seated 
phenomenon  of  female  subordination 
and  the  strategies  to  overcome  it. 

In  1 975  the  United  Nations 
inaugurated  the  International 
Women's  Decade  at  the  Mexico  City 
conference.  Many  governments 
established  women's  bureaus  in 
preparation  for  the  mid-decade 
conference  in  Copenhagen  in  1980. 
Extensive  arrangements  are  now 
under  way  for  the  end  of  the  decade 
conference  scheduled  for  1985  in 
Nairobi.  Meanwhile,  a  new  field 
known  as  "Women  in  Development" 
has  emerged  giving  legitimacy  to 
academic  inquiries  and  policy 
planning  pertaining  to  women  in  the 
Third  World.  Women  social  scientists 
and  international  aid  agencies 
including  the  World  Bank  and  the  U.S. 
Agency  for  International 
Development  are  identified  with  this 
field.  Their  ideas  and  strategies  are 
exported  to  the  Third  World  to 
integrate  women  into  the  processes  of 
economic  modernization.  Many 
non-governmental  organizations  and 
networks  have  also  begun  at  the 
international,  national  and  regional 
levels  to  deal  with  issues  specific  to 
women  such  as  reproductive  control 
and  sexual  violence.  Even  the 
multinational  corporations  now  give 
the  liberation  of  women  as  a  reason 
for  their  expansion  overseas. 

But  the  solidarity  among  women  is 
tenuous.  At  every  international 
women's  gathering  the  divisions  of 
race,  class,  nationality  and  ethnicity 
erupt,  tearing  at  the  unity  that  brings 
women  together.  The  official  U.S. 
delegation  is  already  discussing 
strategies  to  avoid  the  infiltration  of 
such  divisive  issues  at  the  Nairobi 
conference.  Indeed,  we  can  pretend 
that  differences  do  not  exist,  or  we  can 
explore  them  and,  in  the  process, 
reformulate  feminism  itself.  The 
latter  is  more  difficult  and  painful,  but 
indispensable,  if  sisterhood  is  to 
become  more  than  a  slogan. 

In  spite  of  all  the  conferences, 
declarations,  academic  treatises  and 


7    women's  projects,  many  women 
around  the  world  have  yet  to  hear  of 
feminism  or  the  women's  movement. 
It  is  unhkely  that  they  will  until 
opportunities  for  literacy  and  a 
general  improvement  in  living 
standards  are  available  to  them.  But  it 
is  also  the  case  that  some  women  who 
know  of  the  women's  movement 
show  great  antipathy  and  resistance 
to  feminism.  Such  negative  reactions 
are  more  apparent  in  the  United 
States,  the  center  of  modern  feminism 
and  the  women's  movement.  But  why 
should  any  woman  oppose 
feminism's  attempts  to  eradicate 
those  social  constraints  placed  by  sex 
which  inhibit  women  (and  men)  from 
realizing  their  human  potential? 
Indeed,  why  do  so  many  women  who 
stand  to  gain  so  much  from  feminism 
see  it  as  either  irrelevant  to  their  lives 
or  are  threatened  by  it? 

To  a  large  extent  the  anti-feminism  of 
such  women  is  attributable  to 
dominant  interests,  especially  male 
ideologies  which  succeed  in 
manipulating  these  women's  fears 
about  the  risks  and  dangers  of 
feminism.  The  new  right  in  the  U.S., 
which  depicts  the  women's 
movement  as  a  threat  to  the  alleged 
security  of  women's  lives,  and 
reactionary  nationalist  movements  as 
the  one  in  Iran,  which  denigrate 
feminism  as  a  Western  fad  or  an 
imperialist  plot,  are  examples.  The 
distortion  of  feminism  by  the  media 
as  constituting  mostly  the  pranks  of 
bra-burning,  white,  middle-class 
women  has  also  played  its  part  in 
alienating  some  potentially 
sympathetic  women  from  the 
fundamental  concerns  of  feminism. 

Does  this  mean  then  that  women  who 
are  alienated  from  feminism  are 
ridden  with  "false  consciousness?"  If 
the  feminist  vanguard  were  to 
enlighten  these  irrational  women  of 
the  objective  conditions  of  their 
oppression,  namely  male  dominance, 
could  a  mass-based,  international 
feminist  struggle  be  launched? 

Obviously,  the  answer  is  not  that 
simple.  We  need  to  move  beyond  the 
familiar  factors  of  male  manipulation, 
media  distortion  and  the  implied  false 
consciousness  of  the  masses  of 
women.  Being  careful  not  to  blame 
feminism  for  the  deteriorating 
conditions  of  many  women  around 
the  world,  we  must  ask  nevertheless  if 


the  feminist  theories  and  strategies 
currently  available  are  adequate  for 
comprehending  and  changing  the 
oppression  of  most  women  and  the 
alienation  of  many  from  feminism. 
Have  the  class  and  cultural  biases  of 
contemporary  feminism  and  the 
women's  movement,  for  example, 
contributed  in  any  way  to  the 
successes  of  anti-feminist  forces 
among  certain  groups  of  women?  If 
reactionary  backlashes  against  some 
of  the  hard-won  victories  of  the 
women's  movement  such  as  women's 
reproductive  rights  are  to  be 
countered,  a  reassessment  of  the 
objectives  and  strategies  of  feminism 
IS  clearly  necessary. 

We  need  also  to  ask  if  in  fact  most 
women  are  opposed  to  the  broad 
ideals  of  feminism — increased  social 
and  psychological  freedoms  for 
women — or  if  their  resistance  is  to 
that  particular  brand  of  feminism 
arising  out  of  the  white,  middle-class 
experience  in  the  West,  but  popularly 
projected  as  "the  Women's 
Movement"  by  the  media  and  most 
Western,  middle-class  feminists 
themselves?  Those  studies  which 
have  inquired  into  the  consciousness 
of  poor  and  Third  World  women 
without  resorting  to  Western  feminist 
concepts  are  quite  instructive.  They 
have  revealed  a  great  enthusiasm  for 
and  acceptance  of  the  broad  principles 
and  objectives  of  feminism  among 
such  disparate  groups  as  "untouch- 
able" women  in  India  and  poor  black 
women  in  the  United  States. 

It  is  necessary  then  to  make  a  clear 
distinction  between  feminism  as  a 
universal  ideology  potentially 
acceptable  to  most  women  and  the 
middle-class,  predominantly  Westem 
feminism  which  has  become 
synonymous  with  the  contemporary 
women's  movement.  This  distinction 
is  at  the  root  of  many  of  the  conflicts 
that  break  out  among  different  groups 
of  women  at  international  women's 
conferences. 

What  is  problematic  of  course  is  not 
that  there  are  differences  among 
women  but  that  there  are  inequalities 
and  conflictive  interests  among  us, 
as  among  men,  based  on  the 
hierarchies  of  social  class,  race, 
nation,  ethnicity,  etc.  For  example,  it 
IS  obvious  that  imperialism  (Westem 
economic,  political  and  cultural 


hegemony)  has  given  white  women  a 
higher  social  status  in  the  world  over 
Third  World  women  (women  of  color 
in  Asia,  Africa,  Latin  America  as  well 
as  the  racial  minorities  in  the  West). 
Similarly,  women  from  the  privileged 
social  classes  m  the  West  and  the 
Third  World,  though  themselves 
subordinated  to  their  men,  are  placed 
in  relations  of  dominance  vis-a-vis 
poor  women  and  men.  The  radical 
feminist  assertion  that  all  women  are 
oppressed  by  all  men,  developed 
around  issues  of  sexual  control  and 
violence,  needs  qualification  in  the 
context  of  such  realities  as  the  racist 
use  of  the  rape  charge  against  black 
men  in  the  United  States.  In  the  last 
forty  years  or  so  four  hundred  and 
fifty-five  men  have  been  executed  for 
rape.  Four  hundred  and  five  of  them 
were  black.  No  white  man  has  ever 
been  executed  for  raping  a  black 
woman  in  this  country. 

Note  too  that  the  contrasting  racist 
and  sexist  images  of  white  and  black 
women  here  depict  the  former  as 
passive,  dependent  and  delicate 
creatures  to  be  protected  and  the  latter 
as  strong  matriarchs  or  bad  black 
women  to  be  cast  aside.  These 
stereotypical  images  alone  should 
raise  questions  about  the  prevalence 
of  uniform  models  of  womanhood  and 
manhood  for  all  groups. 

Not  surprisingly  perhaps,  feminist 
analyses  and  the  women's  movement 
arose  within  the  ranks  of  the 
relatively  deprived  white, 
middle-class  women  in  the  West 
rather  than  the  absolutely  deprived 
majority  of  poor  Third  World  women. 
What  is  important  to  note  is  that  the 
analytical  categories  and  social 
change  strategies  produced  by 
Westem  middle-class  feminists,  while 
couched  in  universal  terms,  are 
derived  from  the  unique  historical 
experience  of  their  own  social  class 
and  culture. 


Western  Feminism  and  Middle  Class 
Values 


Both  the  nineteenth-century 
women's  suffrage  movement  and  the 
contemporary  women's  movement  in 
the  U.S.  have  emerged  largely  as 
responses  by  white,  middle-class 
women  to  the  contradictions  created 
in  their  lives  by  the  processes  of 
capitalist  industrial  development. 
The  nineteenth-century  movement 
in  particular  can  be  seen  as  the 
challenge  of  educated  middle-class 
women  already  engaged  in  "public" 
activities,  notably  the  abolition 
movement,  to  the  ideology  of 
femininity  that  confined  them  to  the 
"domestic"  sphere.  Their  aim  was  to 
legitimize  their  integration  into 
public  life  through  the  vote  and 
eventually  to  become  the  legal  and 
social  equals  of  the  men  of  their  class. 

Similarly  the  contemporary  women's 
movement  emerged  among 
middle-class  women  (some  confined 
to  the  home  and  others  already  in  paid 
employment)  seeking  greater 
integration  into  public  life  through 
satisfying  careers  and  eventual 
equality  with  their  men.  This 
movement  must  also  be  seen 
in  the  context  of  increasing 
commercialization  of  domestic 
services  and  rapid  absorption  of 
women  into  the  wage  labor  force. 

The  liberal  integrationist  strategies 
and  their  emphasis  on  legislative 
change  unite  the  two  women's 
movements  in  the  U.S.  What 
distinguishes  them  is  the  emergence 
of  a  newer  more  radical  branch  of 
feminism  in  recent  decades  which  has 
politicized  personal  relations  between 
men  and  women  within  the  family. 
Extending  its  critique  to  other  social 
institutions,  radical  feminism  argues 
that  women's  liberation  cannot  be 
achieved  without  the  overthrow  of 
male  dominance  or  patriarchy,  which 
is  the  very  foundation  of  social  life 
everywhere. 

Many  of  the  popular  categories  of 
feminist  analysis  today,  such  as  the 
private-public  dichotomy  and  the 
patriarchal  nuclear  family,  have  been 
formulated  by  white,  middle-class 
feminists  in  the  process  of  reassessing 
their  unique  historical  experience 
under  industrial  capitalism.  Like 
much  of  Western  male  scholarship 
then,  feminist  analyses  and  practices 
too  are  ridden  with  middle-class  and 
Western  biases.  Feminist  thinking 
which  takes  the  middle-class 


experience  as  the  norm  may  not  only 
be  irrelevant  and  alienating  to  most 
women,  but  the  social  change 
strategies  emanating  from  such 
thinking  may  have  negative 
consequences  for  poor  and  Third 
World  women  and  men. 

In  this  regard,  we  should  remember 
how  the  nineteenth-century  women's 
movement  in  the  U.S.,  which 
emerged  from  within  the  abolition 
movement,  later  capitulated  to  the 
racial  and  class  politics  of  the  time. 
When  white  supremacist  politicians 
pitted  the  vote  for  women  against  the 
vote  for  black  men,  the  suffragists,  in 
their  exclusive  concern  for  the  vote 
for  women — that  is  white, 
middle-class  women — went  along 
with  the  racist  forces.  During  the 
early  decades  of  the  twentieth 
century,  some  feminists  searching  for 
allies  in  their  campaign  for  birth 
control  took  positions  supporting  the 
reduction  of  "undesirable"  elements 
in  the  population,  such  as  blacks, 
foreigners  (immigrants)  and  the  lower 
classes.  Such  positions  fed  into  the 
eugenics  movement  and  the  racial 
hysteria  of  the  time.  Unless  the  scope 
of  feminism  is  broadened,  the 
contemporary  women's  movement 
(in  spite  of  its  roots  m  the  civil  rights 
struggle)  can  again  be  aligned  with 
white  male  politicians  seeking  to 
keep  women,  minorities  and  the 
working  classes  divided  and 
conquered. 

Perhaps  the  most  important  strategy 
of  liberation  advocated  by 
contemporary  liberal  feminism  is  the 
incorporation  of  women  into  the  paid 
labor  force  as  the  equals  of  men. 
Indeed,  for  middle-class  women 
formerly  confined  to  domestic  chores, 
a  professional  career  can  offer  greater 
self-fulfillment  despite  the  new 
stresses  that  come  with  those  careers. 
Women  from  the  priviliged  social 
classes  in  the  Third  World  have  also 
benefited  from  higher  education  and 
integration  into  paid  employment. 

But  for  the  majority  of  other  women, 
integration  into  the  wage  labor  force 
entails  at  best  working  as  a  factory  or 
field  laborer  and  at  worst  as  a  maid  or  a 
prostitute.  Can  absorption  into  the 
prevailing  structures  of  employment 
bring  liberation  to  most  women?  In 
the  absence  of  changes  in  those 
hierarchical  structures  at  the 
international  and  national  levels. 


integration  results  merely  in 
prestigious  careers  for  a  few  women 
and  men  but  continued  underpaid  and 
undervalued  work  for  the  majority. 
Data  now  available  indicates  that 
unequal  integration  further  deepens 
the  class,  racial  and  national  cleavages 
among  women  rather  than  helps  build 
sisterhood. 

Demands  made  in  the  name  of 
women's  liberation  by  liberal 
feminist  organizations  in  certain 
Third  World  countries  only 
exacerbate  this  trend.  Take  for 
example  the  cry  for  imported  luxury 
kitchen  equipment  that  would 
supposedly  lighten  the  household 
chores  of  busy  professional  women.  It 
is  no  secret  that  the  conspicuous 
consumption  of  the  privileged  classes 
diverts  scarce  foreign  exchange  from 
the  survival  needs  of  the  masses  of 
poor  women  and  men  in  those 
countries. 

Turning  briefly  to  radical  feminism 
now,  it  can  well  be  argued  that  some 
of  its  basic  postulates  such  as  the 
"personal  is  political"  are  broadly 
applicable  everywhere.  But  a  closer 
analysis  of  some  of  the  specific 
institutions,  such  as  the  male-headed, 
nuclear  family  against  which  radical 
feminism  directs  its  critique,  helps 
recognize  the  limits  of  this  analysis. 
Research  into  social  classes  and 
cultures  outside  the  Western  middle 
class  reveals  a  diversity  of  family 
structures.  At  least  one  third  of  the 
households  in  the  world  today  are 
headed  by  women.  Research  also 
shows  that  the  family  is  not  the 
primary  focus  of  women's  oppression 
everywhere.  In  some  communities, 
especially  those  subjugated  by  racism 
as  under  slavery  in  America  or 
apartheid  in  South  Africa,  black 
women  have  experienced  family  life 
as  essentially  supportive  rather  than 
oppressive.  Women  m  such  situations 
may  consider  labor  for  their  families 
as  their  only  labor  of  love. 

It  should  also  be  noted  that  while 
sisterhood  may  be  a  new  discovery  for 
Western,  middle-class  housewives 
isolated  in  their  suburban  homes,  it 
has  long  been  a  reality  for  women  in 
many  sex-segregated  societies 
whether  in  Asia,  the  Middle  East,  in 
the  female-headed,  kin  networks  of 
the  Caribbean  and  perhaps  even  in 
working-class  communities  in  the 
United  States.  Of  course  it  could  be 


Capitalism  and  Feminism — 
Are  They  Compatible? 


^    argued  that  the  sisterhood  prevaihng 
in  such  communities  is  essentially 
conservative  and  directed  toward 
women's  survival  rather  than  the 
overthrow  of  male  dominance. 
Lesbianism,  when  it  exists  in  these 
situations,  is  not  politicized  either. 
Nevertheless  it  must  be  recognized 
that  the  conjugal  role  relationship  is 
not  the  central  relationship  for 
women  in  many  of  these 
communities  and  that  their 
emotional  needs  are  met  primarily 
through  their  relationships  to  other 
women.  To  this  extent,  women  in 
these  alternative  class  and  cultural 
contexts  may  be  psychologically  freer 
from  men,  especially  their  spouses, 
than  their  Western,  middle-class 
counterparts.  Women's  liberation 
then  cannot  be  a  uniform  exportable 
ideology.  It  has  to  be  defined  and 
achieved  contextually. 

My  purpose  here  is  not  to  denigrate 
either  the  legitimate  concerns  of 
white,  middle-class  women  or  their 
efforts  to  find  freedom  from  their  own 
particular  oppression  but  rather  to 
begin  placing  Western  feminism  and 
the  women's  movement  in 
comparative  and  historical 
perspective.  The  contemporary 
women's  movement  is  of  world 
historic  importance.  It  has  the 
potential  to  improve  the  quality  of 
human  relations  everywhere.  But 
given  the  tremendous  diversity  and 
deepening  inequalities  among  women 
we  must  work  toward  an  inductive 
and  comparative  feminist  framework 
within  which  the  concerns  of  wider 
groups  of  women  can  be  adequately 
addressed.  If  not,  the  very  legitimacy 
of  feminism  and  the  women's 
movement  is  seriously  threatened. 


Where  do  we  turn  then  for  theoretical 
direction  toward  a  more  inclusive 
definition  of  feminism  and  strategies 
for  broadening  the  concerns  of  the 
women's  movement?  Few  of  the 
alternative  theoretical  frameworks 
and  women's  networks  now  emerging 
do  carry  the  potential  toward  making 
feminism  relevant  to  wider  groups  of 
women. 

Socialists  have  long  argued  that  most 
women,  and  men  for  that  matter, 
cannot  find  liberation  within  the 
unequal  and  exploitative  social 
relations  under  capitalism.  The 
prerequisite  for  the  liberation  of 
women,  that  is  nonbourgeois  women, 
they  point  out,  is  their  absorption  into 
economic  production  withm  a 
socialist  economy.  The  growing  body 
of  feminist  research  on  the  effects  of 
capitalist  development  on  women, 
particularly  in  the  Third  World,  gives 
much  credence  to  this  position. 

The  processes  of  capitalist 
development  in  the  Third  World  have 
led  to  the  marginalization  of  women 
in  the  least  productive  and  least 
remunerative  sectors  of  Third  World 
economies.  While  a  handful  of 
women  have  gained  access  to 
prestigious  jobs,  most  women  are 
confined  to  either  unpaid  or 
underpaid  and  exploitative  work  as 
subsistence  producers,  maids, 
prostitutes,  etc.  The  expansion  of 
private  property,  wage  labor,  new 
technology  and  the  cash  nexus  have 
disadvantaged  women  categorically. 
In  many  places  in  Africa  for  example, 
these  new  developments  have  robbed 
women  of  the  relative  independence 
and  mobility  traditionally  associated 
with  their  role  as  the  central 
subsistence  producers.  In  India,  the 
disparity  between  the  sexes  with 
regard  to  both  employment  and 
chances  for  physical  survival  have 
steadily  increased  with  the 
socio-economic  changes  of  the  recent 
decades. 

At  the  mid-decade  conference  in  1980 
women  accounted  for  half  the  world's 
population;  two-thirds  of  the  world's 
work  hours;  one-tenth  of  the  world's 
income  and  less  than  a  hundredth  of 
the  world's  property.  Less  than  one- 
third  of  women  are  literate  and  in 
many  African  and  Asian  countries 
only  one  in  ten  females  even  enters 
school.  "Feminization  of  poverty"  is  a 
structural  feature  of  capitalism  in  the 


Third  World.  It  is  fast  becoming  so  in 
the  United  States  (and  Europe)  too 
where  women  are  pushed  into  the 
permanent  "under  class"  m  larger  and 
larger  numbers  as  domestic  work  is 
subsumed  by  capitalism  and  the 
nuclear  family  weakens. 

The  structural  analysis  of  women's 
oppression  and  long-term  vision 
toward  liberation  presented  by 
socialists  are  highly  compelling.  But 
in  the  absence  of  practical  strategies 
leading  to  social  revolution,  the 
socialist  vision  can  result  merely  in  an 
evasion  of  the  daily  realities  of  poor 
women's  lives.  In  the  presence  of 
poverty  and  massive  unemployment 
most  women  prefer  exploitation  on 
the  job  to  starvation.  Those  who  are 
able  to  find  regular  employment,  as  a 
field  hand  on  a  plantation  or  a 
"hostess"  in  "sex  tourism",  often 
consider  themselves  relatively 
privileged.  Even  many  Third  World 
governments  that  espouse  socialist 
ideologies,  including  China,  have  not 
been  able  to  extricate  themselves 
from  the  constraints  placed  by  the 
world  capitalist  economy.  Their 
experiences  bespeak  the  tremendous 
difficulties  of  realizing  a  socialist 
vision  within  a  capitalist  world. 

Without  abandoning  the  structural 
analysis  and  long-term  vision  of  the 
socialists,  it  is  nevertheless  important 
to  implement  strategies  that  are  of 
immediate  value  in  improving 
women's  lives.  These  should  include 
the  provision  of  literacy,  credit  and 
marketable  skills  for  women  and  the 
incorporation  of  women's  concerns 
within  the  agenda  for  a  new 
international  economic  order 
(including  the  new  world  information 
order).  Women's  needs  in  particular 
must  be  included  in  the  codes  of 
conduct  being  devised  for  regulating 
the  multinational  corporations. 

It  IS  also  important  to  note  that 
although  many  poor  and  Third  World 
women  prefer  exploitative  jobs  to 
starvation,  they  are  ignorant  neither 
of  their  exploitation  nor  the  necessity 
for  change.  The  courage  and 
resourcefulness  of  poor  women,  both 
in  the  Third  World  and  the  West  have 
been  indispensable  historically  for  the 
survival  of  their  communities  and  the 
world  at  large.  Today  we  are 
beginning  to  hear  of  isolated  but 
remarkable  struggles  by  such  women 
for  higher  wages  and  better  working 


conditions  in  the  multinational- 
owned  factories  of  South  East  Asia; 
against  nuclear  explosions  and  the 
dumping  of  radioactive  waste  by 
Western  powers  m  the  islands  of 
Micronesia;  and  against  sterilization 
abuses  in  the  U.S.  and  the  Third 
World.  A  number  of  women's 
networks  such  as  the  Women  and 
Global  Corporations  Project  of 
the  American  Friends  Service 
Committee,  the  Boston  Women's 
Health  Book  Collective  and  feminist 
]oumals  such  as  Isis  and  Connexions 
are  supporting  these  women  in  their 
struggles  around  the  world. 

Reverting  our  attention  now  to  the 
socialist  position  it  should  be  noted 
that  while  it  provides  a  most  incisive 
analysis  of  the  politico-economic 
bases  and  class  dimensions  of 
women's  oppression  under 
capitalism,  it  lacks  any  real 
understanding  of  the  cultural  and 
psychological  roots  of  this  oppression. 
This  becomes  particularly  clear  m  the 
light  of  the  experiences  of  women  in 
"socialist"  countries  such  as  the 
Soviet  Union.  The  persistence  of  a 
sexual  division  of  labor  and  sexual 
hierarchy  at  "work"  and  male 
resistance  to  the  implementation  of 
the  Family  Code — the  first  legislation 
anywhere  toward  equalizing 
domestic  work  between  men  and 
women — in  Cuba,  are  also  highly 
instructive.  They  point  out  that  the 
incorporation  of  women  into  social 
production  and  benevolent  state 
legislation  are  insufficient  for 
eradicating  sexual  inequality  either  in 
the  public  or  the  private  sphere. 

The  experiences  of  women  in  socialist 
countries  and  the  experiences  of 
middle-class  women  integrated  into 
the  higher  echelons  of  paid 
employment  in  capitalist  countries 
(both  in  the  West  and  the  Third 
World)  reveal  a  basic  fact:  while 
material  well-being  is  a  prerequisite, 
it  alone  will  not  guarantee  the 
liberation  of  women  as  women.  This 
confirms  the  broad  postulate  of 
radical  feminism  that  the  concerted 
struggle  of  women  against  sexist 
attitudes  and  behavior  in  all  spheres, 
including  the  most  intimate  realms, 
is  necessary  for  liberation.  Sexism  is 
not  simply  sociological  but  deeply 
psychological. 


The  obvious  shortcomings  of  each  of 
the  currently  available  feminist 
theories — liberal,  radical  and 
socialist — have  led  some  women 
intellectuals  in  the  West  to  work 
toward  a  broad  synthesis  of 
Marxist-socialist  and  radical  feminist 
thinking  in  conceptualizing  the 
oppression  of  women.  Very  briefly, 
most  such  attempts  toward  a 
Marxist-Feminist  synthesis  locate 
women's  subordination  in  the 
dialectical  interaction  between  social 
production  within  market  sectors  and 
domestic  production  (including 
biological  reproduction  and  the 
reproduction  of  labor  power)  within 
the  family. 

But  the  emergent  Marxist-Feminist 
syntheses,  like  their  liberal  and 
radical  feminist  counterparts  are 
rooted  in  the  processes  of  capitalist 
development  in  the  West  and  derive 
their  categories  of  analysis  from  that 
experience.  The  "domestic  labor 
debate"  concerned  with  the 
patriarchal  nuclear  family  and  the 
housewife  role,  which  are  both 
historically  specific  class  and  cultural 
phenomena,  bears  witness  to  this. 
These  attempts  toward  a 
Marxist-Feminist  synthesis  which  are 
based  on  the  Western  capitalist 
experience  have  limited  relevance  to 
the  c^ualitatively  different  forms  of 
subordinate  or  dependent  capitalist 
development  and  cultural 
transformations  taking  place  in  the 
Third  World  today.  Moreover, 
Marxist  Feminism,  like  Marxism  and 
other  theories  formulated  by 
Westerners  is  unlikely  to  provide  a 
coherent  analysis  of  racism  and 
imperialism  that  speaks  to  the 
concerns  of  women  of  color  in  the 
Third  World  or  the  West. 

However,  very  interesting  and 
promising  research  on  women  in  the 
Third  World  is  now  being  done  by 
some  Marxist  Feminists,  mostly 
women  anthropologists.  It  is  their 
research  on  the  impact  of 
multinational  industries  (especially 
textiles  and  electronics  in  free  trade 
zones),  the  Green  Revolution, 
tourism,  etc.  on  women  that  has 
helped  question  strategies  to  further 
integrate  women  into  the  processes  of 
dependent  capitalist  development. 


This  Marxist-Feminist  research  into 
the  Third  World  is  still  very  much  at 
an  incipient  stage.  Like  Marxist- 
Feminist  inquiries  in  the  West,  they 
have  focused  largely  on  the  effects  of 
the  expanding  capitalist  mode  of 
production  on  women  and  have 
neglected  those  aspects  of  women's 
oppression  which  he  in  culturally 
specific  ideological  and  familial 
structures.  An  integration  of  the  older 
anthropological  tradition  of  intensive 
cross-cultural  research  with  the 
emerging  Marxist-Feminist 
perspective  could  be  highly  fruitful  in 
overcoming  the  inadequacies  of 
current  research  on  Third  World 
women. 

Nevertheless,  it  needs  to  be  reiterated 
that  the  psychology  of  racism  and 
imperialism  may  inhibit  even 
sensitive  Western  researchers  and 
activists  from  understanding  some  of 
the  complexities  of  female 
subordination  in  the  Third  World.  For 
this  reason  Western  researchers  and 
activists  need  to  be  very  careful  in 
their  interventions.  Take  the  outcries 
of  Western  feminists  against  the 
horrors  of  "female  circumcision"  in 
many  Muslim  (and  a  few  other) 
communities  around  the  world. 
Unless  interventions  against 
involuntary  sterilization,  corporate 
"dumping"  (of  dangerous  drugs, 
chemicals,  etc.)  and  other  abusive 
phenomena  rooted  m  Western 
economic,  political  and  ideological 
institutions  accompany  those 
outcries,  the  charge  of  Western 
imperialism  hurled  at  Christian 
missionaries  and  others  can  easily  be 
evoked  against  feminists  too.  This 
charge  comes  not  only  from  male 
supremacists  but  also  from  feminists 
in  the  Third  World. 

While  there  are  few,  if  any,  national  or 
international  organizations  that  work 
explicitly  within  a  Marxist  or  socialist 
Feminist  framework,  there  are  a 
number  of  them  which  do  so 
implicitly.  Some  of  the  international 
women's  health  networks  involved  in 
the  Nestle's  boycott  and  the  campaign 
against  the  export  of  Depo-Provera — a 
dangerous  hormonal  contraceptive 
banned  m  the  U.S. — to  the  Third 
World,  are  examples.  Groups  such  as 
the  National  Women's  Flealth 
Network  campaigning  against 
Depo-Provera  direct  their  struggles 
against  both  the  sexist  ideologies  of 
the  social  and  medical  sciences 


and  the  unethical  and  exploitative 
control  exercised  by  capitalist 
pharmaceutical  companies  and 
international  population  control 
agencies  over  women's  lives.  These 
multi-pronged  efforts  have  in  turn 
helped  forge  links  of  solidarity  among 
many  grassroots  women's 
organizations  around  the  world. 
Similarly  the  recent  feminist  actions 
against  militarism  in  the  West  could 
be  extended  toward  a  struggle  against 
the  politico-economic  and  ideological 
roots  of  the  arms  race  thereby 
enabling  the  incorporation  of  many 
different  groups  of  women. 

But  given  basic  inequalities  and 
conflicts  among  different  groups  of 
women,  how  likely  is  it  that  a  single 
women's  movement  which  could 
address  all  the  issues  of  all  women 
everywhere  would  ever  emerge?  It 
seems  that  culturally  specific  gender 
oppression  has  to  be  dealt  with  within 
alternative  movements  organized  by 
women  experiencing  those  particular 
forms  of  oppression  themselves.  The 
white,  middle-class  women's 
movement  in  the  West,  particularly 
in  the  U.S.,  is  one  and  perhaps  the 
first.  In  the  wake  of  this  movement 
other  localized  women's  movements 
are  now  emerging  in  countries  such  as 
India. 

This  does  not  mean,  however,  that  the 
separate  women's  movements  must 
necessarily  be  isolated  or  antagonistic 
toward  each  other.  Feminism  today  is 
an  international  issue.  Women's 
subordination  is  a  systemic  feature  of 
the  world  political  economy  and 
ideology.  The  struggle  against 
women's  subordination  must  also  be 
international  in  character.  It  is  in  this 
common  struggle  against  those 
aspects  of  women's  subordination 
rooted  in  the  "world  system"  that 
different  groups  of  women  and  their 
culturally  specific  movements  can 
come  together.  If  feminism  is  truly  to 
be  internationalized  it  must  have  the 
flexibility  to  become  a  distinct  but 
interconnected  struggle  within  a 
wider  and  holistic  movement  toward 
social  change  and  human  freedom. 


Yugoslavia  at  the  Crossroads 


by  Steven  L.  Burg 


Steven  L.  Burg  is  assistant 
piofessoT  of  politics  and 
chairman  of  the  Soviet 
Studies  Program.  He  is  the 
author  of  many  articles  on 
Soviet  and  Yugoslav  politics 


and  of  a  new  book,  Conflict 
and  Cohesion  in  Socialist 
Yugoslavia  (Princeton 
University  Press). 


For  many  Western  observers,  the  death  of  Josip  Broz  Tito  in 
May  1980  at  the  age  of  88  called  into  question  the 
continued  survival  of  Yugoslavia  as  a  single  state.  For  35 
years  Tito  had  been  the  only  authoritative  arbitrator 
capable  of  imposing,  with  the  unquestioned  support  of  the 
professional  army,  solutions  to  the  ceaseless  conflicts 
among  the  regional,  economic,  ideological  and,  especially, 
ethnic  groups  and  interests  into  which  Yugoslavia  is 
divided.  And  for  more  than  40  years  he  had  led,  and 
imposed  discipline  upon,  the  Communist  Party — known 
officially  since  1952  as  the  League  of  Communists. 

The  Yugoslav  federation  comprises  six  republics  and  two 
autonomous  provinces.  These  are  more  than  simple 
political-administrative  units.  They  are  also  historical 
communities.  Each  is  claimed  by  one  or  more  of  the 
country's  many  ethnic  groups  as  its  "national  homeland." 
But  as  the  result  of  complex  historical  circumstances, 
none  of  the  borders  of  these  regions  corresponds  precisely 
to  the  boundaries  of  ethnic  settlement.  Hence, 
ethnonational  claims  to  part  or  all  of  each  of  them  are 
hotly  disputed  among  Yugoslavia's  nationalities,  and  the 
rise  of  nationalism  among  any  of  them  is  necessarily 
viewed  as  threatening  by  one  or  more  of  the  others.  These 
ethno-national  antagonisms  complicate  federal  economic 
policy  making,  for  the  levels  of  development  of  the 
republics  and  provinces  are  widely  divergent.  Any  policy 
that  affects  the  regions  unequally  is  likely  to  generate 
nationalistic  resentment  among  those  who  perceive 
themselves  to  be  the  "losers." 

The  republics  of  Slovenia  and  Croatia  in  the  north  and 
west  are  highly  developed  regions  whose  Slavic  peoples, 
divided  by  distinct  languages,  share  a  common  central 
European  Catholic  heritage.  Vojvodina,  an  autonomous 
province  of  the  Serbian  republic  in  the  northeast,  is  a 
highly  developed  agricultural  region  populated  by 
Orthodox  Serbs  and  Catholic  Croats,  both  of  them  Slavic 
peoples,  and  a  large  Hungarian  minority.  Together,  these 
three  regions  constitute  the  developed  "north."  Their 
representatives  often  take  common  positions  on  questions 
of  economic  policy  and  related  ideological  or  political 
issues.  And  on  questions  of  development  policy  and  the 
redistribution  of  resources,  their  interests  are  almost 
diametrically  opposed  to  those  of  the  southern, 
underdeveloped  regions. 

The  Slavic  and  culturally  Orthodox  republics  of 
Macedonia  and  Montenegro  are  small,  underdeveloped 
regions  in  the  south.  Kosovo,  an  autonomous  province  of 
the  Serbian  republic,  is  a  southern  region  bordering  on 
Albania  and  populated  by  ethnic  Albanians.  It  is  both  the 
economically  most  underdeveloped  and  the 
demographically  fastest-growing  region.  The  republic  of 
Bosnia  and  Hercegovina  is  a  large,  multinational  territory 
geographically  in  the  center  of  the  country  but 
economically  in  the  "south."  It  is  composed  of  Muslims, 
Serbs,  and  Croats.  Together,  these  four  regions  are  the 
primary  beneficiaries  of  the  party's  commitment  to 
equalizing  the  levels  of  development  of  the  republics  and 
provinces  and  the  standards  of  living  of  their  peoples. 

Serbia,  the  sixth  republic,  is  as  a  whole  neither  developed 
nor  underdeveloped.  However,  like  the  country-  as  a  whole, 
it  is  divided  into  a  developed  north,  comprising  the  capital 


12 


13  city  of  Belgrade  and  its  environs,  and  an  underdeveloped 
south.  Its  Slavic  and  culturally  Orthodox  Serbian 
population,  together  with  the  Serbian  populations  of 
Croatia,  Bosnia,  Kosovo,  Vojvodina  and  Macedonia, 
constitute  the  largest  national  group  in  the  country, 
although  not  an  absolute  majority.  As  a  result, 
representatives  of  Serbia  share  certain  interests  with  each 
of  the  major  economic  "blocs"  m  Yugoslav  politics  but 
inevitably  come  into  conflict  with  them  over  the  status 
and  fate  of  their  ethnically  Serbian  populations. 

As  a  result  of  these  regional-economic  and  ethnic 
divisions,  Yugoslav  politics  since  the  early  1960s  have 
been  characterized  by  a  relatively  high  degree  of  intra-elite 
conflict.  Tito  was,  therefore,  seen  by  outsiders  as  an 
essential  element  holding  the  otherwise  conflicting 
regional  leaderships  together.  Conscious  efforts  to  provide 
some  institutional  mechanisms  for  his  succession  began 
as  early  as  1963.  But  these  were  subject  to  much  dispute 
and  were  revised  in  1968,  1970,  1974,  and  1978.  At  the 
time  of  his  death,  a  complex  system  of  collective 
leadership  had  evolved  in  both  the  state  and  the  party.  It 
was  based  on  the  representation  in  all  leading  political 
bodies  of  each  of  the  republics  and  provinces,  as  well  as  the 
federation  itself,  and  the  rotation  of  all  leading  positions  on 
an  annual  or  biannual  basis.  This  system,  implemented 
under  Tito's  personal  direction  in  the  last  years  of  his  life, 
resulted  m  a  dizzying  movement  of  leading  figures  from 
position  to  position  in  the  government  and  the  party.  And 
It  left  even  the  most  optimistic  outside  observers  with 
little  confidence  in  either  the  probable  stability  of 
post-Tito  political  institutions,  or  the  ability  of  even  the 
most  capable  of  his  individual  successors  to  build  the 
nationwide  support  and  provide  the  leadership  necessary 
to  make  a  country  as  deeply  divided  as  Yugoslavia  "work." 

Indeed,  since  Tito's  death,  Yugoslav  politics  and  society 
have  been  beset  by  a  dramatic  resurgence  of  inter-ethnic 
hostilities,  by  serious  economic  difficulties,  by  renewed 
intellectual  dissent,  by  a  decline  m  the  effectiveness  of 
established  decision-making  institutions  and  procedures, 
and  by  an  increasing  level  of  conflict  among  Tito's 
successors  in  the  communist  political  leadership. 
However,  not  all  of  these  problems  can  be  attributed  to  the 
absence  of  Tito.  And  even  those  that  can  are  not  solely  the 
product  of  his  departure. 

There  is  little  doubt  that  the  declining  effectiveness  of 
federal  political  institutions  apparent  in  the  past  three 
years  is  at  least  partially  attributable  to  the  absence  of  an 
authoritarian  leader  willing  and  able  to  impose  his 
preferences  on  quarreling  subordinates.  But  it  also  appears 
to  be  in  large  part  the  inevitable  result  of  the  system  of 
decision  making  based  on  inter-regional  negotiation  and 
consensus  that  evolved  during  the  late  60s  and  70s  in 
response  to  ethnic  and  economic  conflicts  between 
republics  and  provinces.  That  system,  of  which  the 
post-Tito  provisions  for  collective  leadership  and  rotation 
are  only  logical  extensions,  gives  each  of  the  regions  an 
effective  veto  over  almost  all  decisions  at  each  step  of  the 
central  policy-making  process.  It  is  a  system  designed  to 
enable  each  of  the  regional  leaderships  to  defend  its 
interests  against  pressure  from  the  others. 


As  a  result,  decision  making  in  Yugoslavia  has  been 
characterized  by  frec^uent  and  long  delays,  intense 
haggling  over  policies,  and  sometimes  even  failures  to 
come  to  any  agreement  at  all.  In  short,  it  had  been 
inefficient  even  with  Tito  and  has  only  become  more  so 
without  him. 

But  Yugoslavia  cannot  long  survive  without  such  a 
system — at  least,  not  a  "liberal"  Yugoslavia,  based  on 
market  socialism,  self-management  in  the  workplace,  and 
political  decentralization.  Historically,  these  "liberal" 
reforms  have  been  threatened  from  two  extremes — from 
hardline  conservatives  intent  on  reestablishing  a  more 
Soviet-like  system  of  centralized  rule,  and  from 
nationalist-separatist  forces  in  the  regions.  The  present 
system  of  decision  making  reflects  the  efforts  of  Tito  and 
his  supporters  to  appease  both  these  forces  by  devolving 
enormous  power  to  the  regions  but,  at  the  same  time, 
compelling  them  to  accommodate  each  other's  interests. 

If  such  a  system  is  to  work  at  all,  it  requires  regional 
leaders  constantly  to  negotiate  compromises.  The 
experiences  of  other  ethnically  divided  countries  with 
similar  systems,  Belgium  for  example,  suggests  that  the 
forging  of  such  compromises  requires  a  high  level  of 
stability  in  the  regional  leaderships,  manifest  in  long 
tenures  in  office.  This  enables  political  leaders  to  exchange 
immediate  concessions  for  future  ones,  confident  that 
they  will  receive  just  compensation.  The  introduction  of 
compulsory  rotation,  however,  increases  the  rate  of 
turnover,  already  high  because  of  the  generational  change 
now  taking  place  in  the  Yugoslav  leadership  and  therefore 
undermines  the  ability  of  post-Tito  leaders  to  make  this 
system  work.  While  the  positive  real  and  symbolic 
functions  of  collective  leadership  by  representatives  of  the 
regions  argue  for  its  continuation,  it  seems  clear  that 
"rotation"  must  be  drastically  limited,  if  not  eliminated, 
as  a  first  step  toward  the  stabilization  of  the  post-Tito 
political  order.  But  this  will  be  a  giant  step,  for  Tito  placed 
all  his  personal  prestige  behind  the  adoption  and 
implementation  of  this  principle;  and  to  undo  it  will 
require  his  successors  to  undo  the  most  recent  component 
of  his  "legacy." 

There  is  little  doubt  that  the  increasingly  obvious 
divisions  in  the  communist  leadership  have  been  made 
possible  by  the  absence  of  Tito.  While  no  other  individual 
approached  Tito's  personal  authority  and  prestige,  a 
considerable  number  shared  places  on  the  next  level  down. 
These  members  of  the  central  party  organs  and  regional 
party  leaderships  each  enjoyed  an  identifiable  power  base 
immune  to  intervention  by  anyone  other  than  Tito.  With 
his  passing,  they  are  now  entirely  free  to  engage  in  debate 
and  must  do  so  in  order  to  forge  inter-regional  agreements 
and  formulate  policy.  Debate  among  them  in  the  post-Tito 
period  has  reflected  the  conflicting  economic  interests  of 
their  respective  regions  and  the  ethnonational 
sensitivities  of  their  populations.  For  they  must,  m  a  real 
sense,  "represent"  the  "constituencies"  if  they  are  to 
retain  the  confidence  of  those  who  must  nominate  them  to 
other  leadership  positions  at  the  next  rotation,  and  m  this 
way  retain  political  power.  Thus,  it  is  not  the  passing  of 
Tito  alone  that  explains  the  increased  level  of  conflict 
among  the  leadership  but  a  very  real  conflict  of  interests 
among  the  constituencies  they  present. 


The  conflict  of  interests  among  the  regions  certainly  are 
not  due  to  the  absence  of  Tito.  Indeed,  in  some  respects 
they  are  the  product  of  his  having  remained  present  for  so 
long.  As  a  fundamentally  conservative  communist  leader 
whose  support  for  "liberalization"  reflected  his  pragmatic 
reactions  to  the  constraints  of  Yugoslav  multmationalism 
rather  than  any  personal  "liberalism,"  Tito  remained 
unhappy  with  the  reforms  he  was  compelled  to  carry  out. 
As  a  result,  he  used  his  power  to  limit  necessary  reforms 
where  possible  and  to  prevent  those  that  were  unnecessary 
for  the  simple  preservation  of  the  communist  order  and  his 
personal  rule.  It  seems  clear  now,  too,  that  he  was  an 
important  brake  even  on  discussion  of  reforms  necessary 
to  implement  established  principles  if  they  seemed 
inconsistent  with  his  own  ideological  preferences.  Thus, 
he  appears  to  have  prevented  serious  discussion  of  what  to 
do  about  the  mounting  foreign  debt  and  declining 
agricultural  productivity,  for  their  solution  entailed  the 


introduction  of  further  reforms  that  he  apparently  was  not 
prepared  to  accept. 

Tito  agreed  only  reluctantly  in  the  early  1960s  to  go  along 
with  the  majority  of  the  communist  leadership  who 
supported  the  partial  dismantling  of  the  centrally-planned 
economy  and  its  replacement  by  a  system  of  semi- 
autonomous,  worker-managed  enterprises  operating  in  a 
limited  market  economy.  He  personally  remained  an 
advocate  of  political  intervention  in  the  economy  at  the 
expense  of  "market  forces."  In  part,  his  advocacy  had  its 
roots  in  a  commitment  to  the  egalitarian  redistribution  of 
resources  among  the  regions — a  policy  goal  that  could  not 
be  achieved  without  such  intervention.  But,  as  long  as  Tito 
remained  an  advocate  of  such  intervention,  party  leaders 
at  all  levels  of  the  system  were  able  to  intervene  in  the 
formulation  of  social  plans  and  the  operation  of  ostensibly 
self-managing  enterprises  despite  official  ideology  to  the 


14 


15     contrary.  This  meant  that  they  could  corrupt  the  market 
and  ct)mmit  scarce  resources  to  economically  irrational 
ventures.  Enormously  expensive  and  often  unprofitable 
projects  were  undertaken  in  order  to  contribute  to  the 
personal  prestige  of  particular  leaders  and  the  economies 
of  their  power  bases.  Such  projects  not  only  wasted 
resources,  they  also  contributed  to  the  country's  mounting 
international  debt,  now  greater  than  Poland's  if  calculated 
on  a  per  capita  basis,  for  many  of  them  were  financed  by 
foreign  loans. 

The  passing  of  Tito  has  meant  that  these  economic 
problems  and  the  changes  necessary  to  correct 
them — economic  and  pohtical,  "liberalizing"  or  not — can 
now  be  discussed  openly.  As  a  result,  public  policy  debate 
in  Yugoslavia  has  now  become  remarkably  open,  and  is 
being  reported  in  an  increasingly  more  open  and 
inquisitive  press.  Although  this  debate  is  still  evolving,  it 
appears  to  suggest  the  existence  of  three  broad  groupings  in 
the  post-Tito  leadership.  The  first  of  these  consists  of 
advocates  of  further  decentralization  through  the 
strengthening  of  the  prerogatives  of  the  regions.  There  is 
some  evidence  of  this  in  the  positions  of  the  leaderships  of 
Slovenia,  Croatia,  and  Vojvodina — the  most  developed 
regions — on  a  number  of  different  issues.  However,  such  a 
development  would  represent  a  retum  to  conditions 
characteristic  of  the  late  1960s  that  culminated  in  an 
inter-regional  deadlock  and  systemic  crisis.  Moreover,  it 
would  necessarily  be  opposed  by  the  representatives  of  the 
underdeveloped  southern  regions  who  depend  on  central 
power  for  the  transfer  of  capital  resources,  and  by  the 
central  party  apparatus  in  Belgrade.  And,  while  the  latter  is 
a  far  less  powerful  actor  in  Yugoslav  politics  than  the 
regional  leaderships,  it  cannot  be  discounted  entirely. 

The  second  grouping  consists  of  the  proponents  of  an 
opposite  tendency;  re-centralization,  or  the  traditional 
"hardline"  response.  This  grouping  comprises  proponents 
of  party  intervention  in  the  economy  and  "traditionalists" 
or  conservatives  who  favor  greater  centralization  and 
discipline  in  the  party  itself.  It  is  members  of  this  grouping 
who  are  leading  the  attack  on  the  alleged  "excesses"  of  the 
press  presently  underway  in  Yugoslavia.  Many  of  the 
figures  in  this  grouping  are  Serbs,  and  Serbian  nationalism 
has  traditionally  been  associated  with  a  more  conservative 
political  orientation. 

These  two  tendencies  in  the  debate  represent  the  extremes 
and,  at  least  up  to  now,  have  tended  to  balance  each  other 
out.  If  one  can  be  said  to  have  the  upper  hand,  however,  it  is 
the  decentralizing  tendency.  For  Yugoslav  leaders 
themselves  estimate  that  no  more  than  20  percent  of  the 
party  as  a  whole  remains  sympathetic  to  the  conservative 
orientation.  And  that  orientation  is  also  strongly  opposed 
by  the  third  grouping  in  the  leadership;  the  advocates  of 
reforms  intended  to  increase  the  role  of  market  forces  in 
economic  decision  making  at  the  expense  of  political 
"interference."  The  members  of  this  group,  however,  also 
remain  committed  to  the  party's  long-standing  policy  of 
equalizing  standards  of  living,  and  this  means  that  even 
they  recognize  the  need  for  at  least  some  state  intervention 
in  the  economy  on  behalf  of  the  interests  of  the 
underdeveloped.  Moreover,  their  clear  commitment  to 
meeting  the  international  economic  obligations  of  the 
country  by  acceding  to  the  demands  of  the  country's 


creditors  also  requires  the  state  to  play  a  continued  role  in 
the  economy. 

The  regional  development  issue  is  especially  powerful 
today,  for  the  country  was  severely  shaken  in  spring  1981 
by  an  outburst  of  nationalist-separatist  mass 
demonstrations  and  violent  riots  among  the  Albanians  of 
Kosovo.  The  demonstrators  alleged  that  they  had  been 
exploited  by  "Belgrade"  and  its  Serbian  political  elite  and 
demanded  at  a  minimum  the  formal  elevation  of  Kosovo 
to  the  status  of  a  republic,  equal  to  the  six  other  republics, 
and  at  a  maximum  the  separation  of  Kosovo  and 
surrounding  Albanian-populated  areas  from  Yugoslavia 
and  their  incorporation  into  a  "greater  Albania."  Sporadic 
episodes  of  unrest  there  have  continued  since  then  and  are 
a  powerful  reminder  to  the  leadership  of  the  danger  of 
allowing  material  dissatisfaction  to  mount.  And,  while  the 
Albanians  and  Kosovo  may  be  an  exceptional  case  in  the 
Yugoslav  context,  recent  fragmentary  evidence  of 
nationalist  activity  among  Croatian  students  in  Croatia 
and  Moslems  in  Bosnia,  as  well  as  a  Serbian  nationalist 
backlash  m  reaction  to  events  in  Kosovo,  must  suggest  to 
the  present  leadership  the  potentially  explosive 
consequences  of  allowing  the  economy  to  deteriorate  as  it 
has  for  the  past  three  years.  For  declining  living  standards 
can  only  accelerate  the  rise  of  nationalist  unrest. 

The  advocates  of  reform  in  the  direction  of  greater  reliance 
on  the  market  represent  a  compromise  position  in 
Yugoslav  politics.  That  compromise  has  been  reflected  in  a 
number  of  important  recent  decisions  and  appears  to 
promise  the  greatest  hope  for  resolution  of  the  country's 
problems.  It  is  a  response  essentially  consistent  with  the 
overall  direction  of  changes  since  1966  and  can  be 
advanced  as  a  continuation  of  Tito's  "legacy."  Moreover,  it 
IS  consistent  with  the  image  of  the  Yugoslav  system  as  an 
authentic  one,  created  in  response  to  domestic  conditions, 
and  not  one  created  by  the  mechanical  application  of  an 
"Eastern"  or  a  "Western"  model. 

While  the  rhetoric  of  recent  party  meetings,  the  pressures 
of  the  international  economic  position  of  the  country,  and 
the  logic  of  the  ideology  of  self-management  all  support 
the  eventual  victory  of  those  who  advocate  moderate 
reforms  m  the  direction  of  a  market  economy,  no  decisive 
movement  in  this  direction  has  yet  taken  place. 
Implementation  of  such  reforms  will  inevitably 
undermine  the  real  basis  of  the  party's  practical  pohtical 
power;  ultimate  control  over  the  allocation  of  scarce 
resources.  As  a  result,  this  solution  to  the  current 
problems  of  Yugoslavia  is  unlikely  to  be  adopted  until  the 
party  as  a  whole,  and  especially  each  of  its  regional 
leaderships,  devises  an  alternative  basis  of  power  that  will 
not  be  threatened  by  it. 

The  Yugoslavs  have  faced  this  monumental  task  twice 
before.  Once,  as  a  consequence  of  the  split  with  Stalin.  The 
result  was  the  establishment  of  the  ideology  of 
self-management,  the  transformation  of  the  party  into  a 
"league"  and  the  redefinition  of  its  role  from  "ruling"  to 
"leading."  They  faced  it  again  in  the  late  60s  and  early  70s, 
and  the  result  was  a  second  transformation  of  the  party  and 
the  state  and  the  devolution  of  power  and  authority  from 
the  federal  center  to  the  regions.  Now  they  must  do  it  again 
if  Yugoslavia  as  we  know  it  today  is  to  survive. 


Enter: 

Computer  Science 


Print: 
Brandeis 


An  English  and  Classics  major  wrote 
a  senior  thesis  analyzing  the  work  of 
a  seventh  century  B.C.  Greek  poet.  A 
psychology  major  studied  data  from 
numerous  experiments  on  creativity. 
And  a  mathematics  major  solved  a 
series  of  complex  equations  in 
calculus. 

Despite  their  widely  disparate  fields 
of  study,  the  tliree  Brandeis  students 
shared  a  common  ally  in  their  work: 
the  computer.  For  the  English  and 
Classics  concentrator,  the  machine 
facilitated  the  study  of  the  repetitive 
pattern  of  certain  phrases  m  the 
poet's  work.  For  the  psychology 
major,  the  computer  made  it  possible 
to  eliminate  countless  hours  of 
collecting  and  recording  results  of  the 
experiments.  And  for  the 
mathematician,  the  computer  not 
only  saved  considerable  time,  but 
also  insured  a  level  of  accuracy 
unlikely  to  be  attained  without  it. 

Today  at  Brandeis,  the  presence  of 
computers  and  a  strong  computer 
science  program  —  that  will  emerge 
even  stronger  as  the  result  of  a  recent 
$4  million  endowment  —  is  enriching 
the  academic  experiences  in  ways 
unimaginable  just  a  few  years  ago. 

Next  fall,  nearly  80  percent  of 
Brandeis  students  are  expected  to 
take  at  least  one  course  in  computer 
science  during  their  academic  career, 
a  figure  that  represents  almost  a 
two-fold  jump  in  just  five  years. 
During  the  past  academic  year, 
forty-two  students  graduated  with  an 
undergraduate  degree  in  computer 
science,  ranking  it  eighth  m  number 
of  majors.  Three  years  ago,  there  were 
only  eighteen  computer  science 
graduates. 

To  put  the  entire  matter  in  proper 
perspective,  these  forty-two 
computer  science  majors  from  the 
class  of  1983  embraced  a  disciphne 
that  did  not  even  exist  fifteen  years 
ago. 

Jacques  Cohen,  who  chairs  the 
computer  science  program, 
remembers  how  it  was:  "When  I 
came  here  in  1968,  the  University 
only  offered  several  courses  in 
computer  programming  and  some  of 
these  were  taught  by  graduate 
students  from  MIT  and  Harvard." 


16 


17  The  professor  of  computer  science 
also  remembers  the  state  of  the 
hardware  art  at  Brandeis  in  1968. 
"We  had  an  IBM  1 130  back  then,"  he 
smiles.  "To  give  you  an  idea,  that 
represented  less  computing  capacity 
than  a  standard  Apple  personal 
computer  does  now.  And  that  was  for 
the  entire  University.  Can  you 
imagine!" 

Perhaps  even  less  imaginable, 
especially  to  those  already  inundated 
with  countless  television  entreaties 
to  buy  a  home  computer,  was  the  fact 
that  in  1968  computer  science  at 
Brandeis  was  actually  part  of  the 
physics  department. 

To  Cohen,  however,  it  is  not  at  all 
surprising  that  computer  science  —  a 
field  that  promises  to  revolutionize 
the  way  Western  civilization 
processes,  stores,  and  transmits 
information  —  was  until  recently 
considered  a  subset  of  another  field. 
He  points  out  that  in  other  leading 
colleges  and  universities  in  the  late 
1960s  and  even  through  the  1970s, 
computer  science  had  been  harbored 
in  mathematics,  physics  and  several 
other  academic  departments. 

"But  now,  computer  science  is 
legitimately  recognized  as  a  science 
itself,"  says  Cohen,  "and  it  has 
brought  great  excitement  to  the 
academy."  It  has  brought  more  than 
excitement,  however.  It  has  even 
gone  so  far  as  to  bring  new  definitions 
of  what  it  means  to  be  educated, 
according  to  Naomi  Schmidt,  adjunct 
assistant  professor  of  computer 
science.  "It's  becoming  an 
assumption  that  an  educated  person 
in  this  society  is  literate  in  the  use  of 
the  computer  and  familiar  with 
computer  programming,"  she  says. 
Schmidt,  who  teaches  introductory 
programming  courses  to 
noncomputer  science  majors,  adds 
that  "anyone  who  is  going  to  be  doing 
quantitative  analysis  at  Brandeis  will 
find  the  computer  a  valuable  tool." 
And  that  covers  everyone  from 
students  majoring  in  the  sciences  — 
biology,  chemistry,  biochemistry  — 
to  the  social  sciences  —  sociology, 
economics,  psychology, 
anthropology.  Even  certain  fields  in 
the  humanities,  especially 
linguistics,  will  feel  the  full  force  of 
the  computer  in  the  years  ahead. 


For  nonmajors  who  are  intrigued  by 
the  computer,  Brandeis  offers 
computer  programming  courses  that 
teach  a  variety  of  computer 
languages,  as  well  as  courses  that 
investigate  fundamental  concepts 
and  methods  in  computer  science. 

Because  Brandeis  is  not  an 
engineering  or  trade  school,  the 
interdisciplinaiy  links  between 
computer  science  and  other  fields 
really  do  not  have  to  be  taught 
directly,  according  to  Cohen. 
"Students  can  naturally  combine 
their  expertise  in  computer  science 
with  their  expertise  in  music,  in 
sociology,  in  psychology,  m 
economics.  These  —  and  other  — 
interdisciplinary  links  exist  naturally 
because  of  the  way  a  liberal  arts 
program  is  organized." 

Thus,  computer  science  majors  are 
encouraged  to  take  courses  in 
linguistics.  Philosophy  majors  are 
encouraged  to  take  computer  science 
courses.  And  on  it  goes,  in  the 
traditional  liberal  arts  mode. 

Indeed,  it  is  because  of  its  liberal  arts 
tradition,  not  in  spite  of  it,  that 
Brandeis  has  decided  to  make  such  a 
heavy  investment  in  the  science  of 
computers.  "The  simple  fact  of  the 
matter  is  that  we  would  lose  a 
multitude  of  very  bright  young  men 
and  women  in  many  areas  of  study  if 
we  did  not  offer  a  wide-ranging 
program  in  computer  science," 
Cohen  declares.  "Having  a  strong 
computer  science  department  is 
necessary  for  us  to  successfully 
compete  with  some  of  the  other 
excellent  schools  in  the  country." 

At  Brandeis,  students  do  seem  to 
buttress  Cohen's  oft-repeated 
argument  that  exposure  to  computer 
science  enhances  their  entire 
undergraduate  experience. 

It  was  true  for  Tim  Blackman,  a 
music  and  mathematics  major  from 
Teaneck,  New  Jersey,  who  graduated 
in  May.  "I  took  a  course  in  artificial 
intelligence,"  said  Blackman,  "and  I 
found  it  intriguing.  It  led  me  to  an 
interest  in  Zen  philosophy, 
something  I  had  never  heard  of 
previously,  and  helped  me  m  my 
mathematics  concentration." 
Blackman  plans  to  put  the  knowledge 
he  acquired  m  computer  science  to 
work  for  him  at  his  first  job  —  as  a 
computer  programmer. 


A  computer  science  and  economics 
major  who  already  had  some 
experience  in  the  field,  Barry  Bonder, 
worked  as  a  computer  programmer  at 
Stone  &  Webster,  Inc.  of  Boston,  the 
world's  largest  engineering 
consulting  firm.  "I  taught 
consultants  at  Stone  <!k  Webster  how 
to  use  an  IBM  personal  computer 
partly  because  they  were  very 
impressed  about  what  Brandeis  had 
taught  me,"  said  Bonder,  who  also 
graduated  m  May.  "They  liked  our 
UNIX  operating  system  —  that's  the 
software  that  allows  you  to  run 
programs  on  a  computer  —  and  they 
liked  the  fact  we  used  the  C  language, 
which  Brandeis  uses  to  implement 
the  programs." 

The  fact  that  Bonder  took  computer 
science  at  a  liberal  arts  university 
stood  him  in  good  stead.  "There's  a 
need  to  communicate  with 
businessmen  about  what  they  want 
in  simple,  concise  language,"  he  said. 
"First,  you  have  to  turn  to  the 
technical  aspects  to  discover  what 
they  want  from  the  computer,  and 
then  return  to  a  nontechnical  stance 
and  express  to  them  in  their  own 
terms  what  the  computer  can  offer. 
Having  that  broad,  liberal  arts 
background  enables  you  to  move 
back  and  forth  easily  between  these 
two  worlds."  But,  as  his  liberal  arts 
training  has  taught  him.  Bonder  will 
question  the  computer  as  rigorously 
as  he  would  any  other  aspect  of  his 
education  here.  "People  have  to  get 
an  idea  of  what  a  computer  can  do 
and  what  it  can't  do,"  he  says.  "How 
much  should  we  trust  computers  and 
how  much  should  we  question 
them." 

One  of  the  people  searching  for 
answers  in  computer  science  —  and 
even  posing  some  of  the  questions  — 
is  James  Storer,  who  came  to 
Brandeis  in  1981  from  Bell 
Laboratories.  Storer,  an  assistant 
professor,  is  one  of  a  new  breed  of 
men  and  women  whose  expertise  is 
in  computer  science  theory. 

"Most  people,  when  they  think  about 
computers,  think  about 
programming,  but  many  theoretical 
computer  scientists  don't  program  in 
their  work,"  Storer  says. 
'Trogramming,  in  principle,  has  very 
little  to  do  with  computer  science. 
It's  a  basic  skill,  like  reading,  that 
anyone  can  learn.  In  fact,  I  haven't 


programmed  as  part  of  my  research  in 
the  last  five  years." 

What  Storer  does,  in  addition  to  teach 
courses  in  theory,  is  to  think  about 
"deep  questions"  that  go  to  the  ver>' 
nature  of  what  computers  are,  what 
they  can  do,  what  they  cannot.  He 
might,  for  example,  examine 
theorems  about  what  kind  of 
problems  can  be  solved  by  the 
machine  and  how  long  it  will  take  to 
solve  them.  Consider  the  practical 
problem  of  a  salesman  who  has  to 
travel  to  several  hundred  cities  and 
needs  to  know  the  exact  order  he 
should  visit  each  to  minimize  his 
travel  and  maximize  his  selling  time. 

"It  turns  out  that  no  one  knows  of  an 
efficient  algorithm  to  solve  this 
problem,"  Storer  says.  "For  example, 
the  best  known  algorithm  could  have 
been  started  a  billion  years  ago  on  a 
computer  that  was  running  at  the 
speed  of  light  and  it  wouldn't  be  done 
yet.  That's  how  long  it  would  take  to 
solve  this  seemingly  straightforward 
problem.  You  can  actually  prove  that 
this  problem  has  no  efficient  solution 
for  determining  the  best  ordering  of 
cities  without  trying  every  single 
permutation." 

So,  as  a  theoretician,  Storer  will  prove 
on  a  blackboard,  using  mathematical 
theorems,  that  no  computer  can  ever 
solve  this  problem  efficiently.  Then, 
again  on  a  blackboard,  he  will  show 
students  how  the  computer  can 
efficiently  find  an  alternative 
solution  that  approximates  the 
answer. 

Another  field  of  computer  science  — 
the  one  most  familiar  to  the  rapidly 
growing  number  of  owners  of  home 
computers  —  is  languages. 

"We  are  interested  in  the  easiest  and 
most  effective  way  to  'talk'  to  the 
computer,"  explains  Jacques  Cohen. 
"We  want  to  know  how  to  get  the 
computer  to  perform  a  certain  task. 
And,  by  understanding  how  the 
computer  works,  we  want  to 
communicate  messages  without 
ambiguity  and  be  sure  these 
messages  are  correctly  translated  into 
material  the  computer  understands." 


As  computers  become  more 
sophisticated,  the  languages  used  to 
talk  to  the  machine  have  obligingly 
proliferated.  There  are  now  dozens  of 
computer  languages.  But  perhaps 
more  impressive  than  the  increase  in 
the  quantity  of  these  new  languages 
is  the  corresponding  decrease  in  the 
amount  of  words  necessary  for 
expressing  the  same  communication. 

By  using  one  of  the  high  powered 
languages  available  today,  one  can 
write  the  same  program  in  a  fraction 
of  the  pages  required  with  the  old 
languages,  Cohen  notes. 

At  Brandeis,  students  are  taught 
courses  in  a  variety  of  computer 
languages.  One  of  these  is  called 
BASIC.  As  its  name  imphes,  BASIC  is 
a  simple  language  for  people  who 
have  small  programs  to  write.  "You 
might  use  it  to  figure  a  monthly 
budget  or  plan  a  series  of  activities," 
says  Cohen,  "but  if  you  want  to  send 
a  rocket  to  the  moon,  you  will  need  a 
much  more  sophisticated  program 
that  requires  a  more  sophisticated 
language."  Another  language  taught 
in  the  department  is  FORTRAN, 
which  is  employed  primarily  for 
numerical  analysis.  "The  science 
departments  here  and  elsewhere 
'speak'  a  lot  of  FORTRAN,"  Cohen 
says.  There  are  also  courses  given  in 
Pascal,  a  structured  language  that  is 
used  to  implement  various  data 
structures. 

But  it  is  not  enough  to  be  familiar 
with  individual  computer  languages. 
Students  who  major  in  computer 
science  are  also  required  to  write  a 
compiler,  a  program  that  translates  a 
high  level  language  like  Pascal  into  a 
low  level  one  like  the  actual 
assembly  codes  the  computer  uses. 


director  of  the  University's  Feldberg 
Computer  Center.  These  courses 
investigate  the  logical  organization  of 
computers  and  the  way  machines 
communicate  with  each  other. 

A  fourth  topic  m  computer  science  is 
artificial  intelhgence.  Perhaps  no 
aspect  of  the  science  of  computers 
has  generated  as  much  controversy 
and  excitement  as  the  burgeoning 
field  of  artificial  intelhgence.  The 
subject  has  caused  passionate  debate 
among  computer  scientists,  perhaps 
not  unlike  the  biologists'  endless 
brouhaha  about  the  ratio  of  heredity 
to  environment  on  an  individual's 
personality. 

To  some  proponents  of  artificial 
intelligence,  there  is  no  intelligent 
behavior  by  humans  that  potentially 
cannot  be  mimicked  by  the 
computer.  "Artificial  intelligence 
involves  using  the  machine  to 
perform  tasks  usually  thought  of  as 
requiring  intelligent  behavior," 
Cohen  explains.  "For  instance,  you 
might  tell  the  computer  your 
investment  objectives  and  ask  it  to 
come  up  with  an  investment 
strategy.  The  computer  will  then  list 
the  possibilities  and  select  the  ones 
with  the  highest  probabilities  of 
success.  Because  the  assessment  of 
these  probabilities  imphes 
consideration  of  all  the  decisions  a 
human  would  have  to  make,  this  can 
be  regarded  as  simulating  intelligent 
behavior." 

While  Jacques  Cohen  is  not  of  the 
opinion  that  computers  pose  an 
intellectual  threat  to  those  who  build 
and  communicate  with  them,  he  is 
convinced  that  in  the  future  it  will  be 
more  difficult  to  distinguish  a 
computer's  answer  from  a  human's. 


A  third  field  of  computer  science  is 

systems,  which  is  sometimes  called 

operating  systems.  In  its  most 

primitive  form,  it  is  the  interaction 

between  hardware —  the  computer 

itself  —  and  software,  the  program 

written  for  it.  "It's  really  the  nuts  and 

bolts  mechanism  of  communicating      Jerry  Rosenswaike 

with  the  machine,"  says  Cohen. 

Courses  in  systems  are  taught  by 
several  members  of  the  department. 
In  addition,  there  are  courses  in 
computer  architecture  and  networks, 
which  are  taught  by  Lawrence 
Kirsch,  professor  of  physics  and 


"This,  however,  is  not  a  future  to 
fear,  but  one  to  control,  to  shape,  and 
to  conform  to  human  values,  not  the 
machine's,"  Cohen  argues.  "That  is 
our  goal  here." 


Past  Valedictorians: 
Where  Are  They  Now? 


1952 


19  An  economist  who  fled  Nazi 
Germany.  A  rabbi  who  challenged 
Golda  Meir.  Two  veterans — one 
whose  life  changed  dramatically 
because  of  the  Vietnam  War,  another 
whose  did  not.  A  man  who  writes 
about  heroes  able  to  leap  tall  buildings 
in  a  single  bound,  and  a  woman  whose 
goal  is  to  build  them. 

Six  very  different  individuals  with  one 
thing  in  common:  one  Sunday 
afternoon  in  late  spring,  sometime 
between  1952  and  1976,  each  stood 
behind  the  podium  at  a  Brandeis 
commencement  and  delivered  the 
valedictory  address. 

The  speeches  they  gave,  like  the 
choices  they  made  after  graduation, 
were  a  reflection  not  merely  of 
individual  ambitions,  but  also  of  the 
times. 


Gustav  Ranis  '52 


The  University's  first 
commencement — and  the  senior 
commencement  speaker  was  Gustav 
Ranis. 

Born  in  Darmstadt,  Germany  in  1 929, 
Ranis  might  have  been  another  victim 
of  Adolph  Hitler.  But  in  October  1941, 
he  and  his  family  fled  to  Spam  on  one 
of  the  last  trains  to  leave  the  Third 
Reich. 

Eventually,  they  joined  his  father  in 
Danbury,  Connecticut — five  years 
after  he  had  left  Buchenwald.  Rams 
adjusted  quickly  to  American  life,  and 
in  1948,  the  same  year  that  Brandeis 
was  founded,  he  graduated  Danbury 
High  School  first  in  his  class. 

Then,  along  with  106  other 
pioneering  freshmen.  Ranis  enrolled 
at  Brandeis.  "I  was  kind  of  taken  with 
the  idea  of  a  completely  new 
venture,"  he  once  said.  "I  felt  I  would 
not  get  lost  in  the  shuffle."  And  as  to 
the  uncertainties  of  attending  a  new 
school,  he  thought  that  if  American 
lewry  was  committed  to  it,  they 
would  "do  It  right." 

It  was  a  sound  decision.  Four  years 
later,  he  received  his  BA  degree 
summa  cum  laude,  and  was  again  first 
in  his  class.  Before  a  commencement 
audience  of  8,000,  he  delivered  his 
speech  alongside  Eleanor  Roosevelt,  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  who 
would  later  become  his  good  friend 
until  her  death. 

Max  Lemer,  then  a  Brandeis  professor, 
said  this  about  the  address;  "The 
speech  of  the  class  president  was  a 
good  one,  but  it  was  (I  suppose)  keyed 
to  the  prevailing  student  mood.  He 
said  he  and  his  fellows  didn't  expect 
much  of  life,  that  they  had  no 
illusions  any  of  them  would  set  the 
world  on  fire,  that  it  was  a  pretty  bleak 
world  anyway.  You  couldn't  deny  its 
truth,  and  it  must  have  echoed  what 
most  of  the  students  felt — or  thought 
they  felt.  It  left  us  with  a  feeling  of 
being  cornered  in  a  narrow  corridor, 
with  the  exits  blocked.  It  was  the 
Generation  Without  Illusions 
talking." 

Rams  may  have  had  no  illusions 
about  life,  but  he  did  take  full 
advantage  of  its  realities.  Now  the 
.Frank  Altschul  Professor  of 
Economics  at  Yale  University,  he  was 
awarded  his  PhD  there  in  1956,  and 


became,  in  1964,  the  first  graduate  of 
Brandeis  to  attain  full  professorial 
rank.  He  won  numerous  awards  in 
graduate  school — among  them  a 
Sterling  Fellowship  and  a  Social 
Science  Research  Council  Award  for 
study  in  lapan. 

After  a  year  there,  studying  lapanese 
Economic  development,  he  went  to 
Pakistan  as  director  of  the  Pakistan 
Institute  of  Development  Economics 
for  the  Ford  Foundation.  He  held  a 
presidential  appointment  in  the 
Department  of  State  from  1965  to 
1 967,  was  chief  of  a  40  man 
international  team  to  evaluate  the 
economy  of  the  Philippines  in  1973, 
and,  in  1976,  was  named  organizer  of 
the  National  Academy  of  Sciences 
Bicentennial  Symposium  on  the  Role 
of  Science  and  Technology  in 
Development.  He  is  presently  on 
leave  from  Yale,  on  a  National 
Science  Foundation  research  project 
at  Nuffield  College,  Oxford,  and  the 
London  School  of  Economics  in 
England. 

Ranis  is  first  to  admit  that  life  has 
been  good  to  him  since  his  1952 
graduation,  and  he  credits  much  of  it 
to  Brandeis.  After  all,  it  was  a  Brandeis 
education  that  sent  him  on  his  way  to, 
as  he  calls  it,  "a  pretty  good  career"  as 
an  economist.  And  it  was  at  a  Brandeis 
reunion  that  he  met  his  wife,  the 
former  Ray  Finkelstein  '56.  It  was  at 
the  university,  too,  that  he  was 
retroactively  named  first  member  of 
Phi  Beta  Kappa  in  1961 — the  same 
year  that  Brandeis  was  recognized  by 
that  organization.  And  it  was 
founding  President  Abram  Sachar 
who  called  him  one  day  in  1968  at  his 
Connecticut  home  to  tell  him  that  he 
was  the  first  alumnus  of  Brandeis  to 
be  elected  to  the  Board  of  Trustees. 


1954 


1962 


While  Ranis  was  working  toward  a 
PhD  at  Yale,  Robert  Samuels 
delivered  his  valedictory  address. 

Now  a  Reform  rabbi  who  lives  with 
his  wife  and  three  children  in  Haifa, 
he  has  devoted  the  last  twenty  years  of 
his  life  to  the  Reform  Judaism 
movement  m  Israel,  a  movement 
shunned  by  the  Orthodox  rabbinate. 

In  a  1973  alumni  questionnaire,  he 
wrote: 

"Both  Annette  (in  music)  and  I  (in 
education)  have  much  to  offer  Israel. 
Israel  meets  our  deepest  needs  and 
provides  our  children  with  as  total  a 
Jewish  mode  of  life  as  possible  given 
our  liberal  and  progressive  world- view 
and  Jewish  interest.  However,  Israel  is 
in  crisis — spiritual  and  otherwise.  We 
wish  to  do  our  share  to  lift  its 
developing  social  patterns. 

"We  feel  that  there  is  a  place  for  liberal 
Judaism  in  the  country.  They  have 
made  rapid  advances  m  agriculture, 
industry  and  living  standards,  but 
religious  growth  has  stood  still." 

Samuels  has  addressed  this  struggle 
not  only  as  rabbi  at  Or  Hadesh 
Synagogue  m  Haifa  but  also  as 
headmaster  of  the  Leo  Baeck 
Secondary  School  in  that  city — the 
first  liberal  Jewish  day  school  in  the 
world,  and  still  the  only  one  of  its  kind 
in  Israel. 

In  1949,  when  still  a  senior  in  high 
school,  this  young  Texan  had  not  yet 
heard  of  the  fledgling  Brandeis  nor  its 
industrious  founder,  Abram  Sachar. 
But  not  long  after  he  had  met  Dr. 
Sachar  through  a  mutual  friend, 
Samuels  made  his  exodus  from  the 
South  into  the  year-old  University's 
"fantastic  new  world  of  intellectuals." 

A  Judaic  Studies  major,  "there  was  no 
'Near  Eastern'  back  then,"  he  was 
introduced  to  two  Brandeis  professors, 
Nahum  Glatzer  and  Simon 
Rawidowitz.  They  sparked  his 
interest  in  the  plight  of  liberal 
Judaism,  and  the  University  did  the 
rest,  "lending  the  general  atmosphere 
that  molded  the  educational 
philosophy"  which  he  instituted  at 
the  Leo  Baeck  Center.  "Brandeis  made 
me  understand  what  liberalism  and 
civil  libertarianism  are  .  .  .  and  I've 
been  fighting  for  them  all  my  life." 


Robert  Samuels  '54 


Michael  Pine  '62 


It's  a  fight  that  took  on  new  meaning 
at  a  meeting  of  the  Central 
Conference  of  American  Rabbis  in 
Jerusalem  in  1974  when  he  joined 
over  1,000  Reform  rabbis  to  hear 
Golda  Meir  address  their  fight  for 
equal  status  with  the  Orthodox. 

'Be  patient,"  she  said,  "difficulties 
that  have  existed  for  2,000  years  won't 
disappear  as  though  touched  by  a 
magic  wand." 

Samuels  spoke  up:  "We  have  been 
very  patient;  we  are  still  patient.  But 
we  put  the  question  to  you:  How 
long?  If  Reform  Jews  can  fight  for 
Israel's  tank  gunners,  they  can  be  full 
rabbis." 

He  won  loud  applause. 


Ranis  was  assistant  professor  of 
economics  at  Yale  and  the 
newly-ordained  Samuels  had  joined 
the  staff  of  the  Leo  Baeck  School, 
when  Michael  Pine  spoke  about 
academic  and  intellectual  integrity  in 
his  senior  commencement  speech. 

Four  years  earlier.  Pine's  high  school 
advisor  had  warned  him  that  he  would 
not  survive  a  premedical  program,  let 
alone  Brandeis. 

But  with  acceptance  letter  in  hand, 
the  freshman  made  his  way  into  Ford 
Hall  to  tr\'  his  hand  at  the  sciences  and 
"spent  many  happy  hours  cleaning  rat 
cages,  getting  males  and  females 
mixed  up,  and  having  lots  of  little  rats 
around."  For  his  efforts.  Pine  was 
awarded  80  cents  an  hour. 

But  he  was  determined. 

Today,  Dr.  Pine  is  chief  of  cardiology 
at  the  Cincinnati  VA  Medical  Center. 

The  transformation  began  when 
"Brandeis,  unlike  Harvard  or 
Columbia,  was  willing  to  take  a 
chance  on  a  somewhat  shaky 
(academic)  background." 

Pine  became  a  devout  academic 
maioring  in  history  and  under  the 
guidance  of  department  chairman 
Edgar  Johnson,  wrote  a  complex 
thesis  on  William  Langland's 
apocalyptic  poetry. 

But  professors,  he  recalls,  were  as 
instructive  outside  the  classroom, 

".  . .  just  standing  out  in  the  snow 
talking."  History  professor  Eugene 
Black  taught  him  to  appreciate  both 
fine  wines  and,  in  one  unfortunate 
instance,  the  cost  of  cleaning  a 
Bordeaux-stained  Oriental  rug,  during 
conversations  that  often  drifted  into 

'heated  discussions  about  reality  and 
the  perception  of  reality."  And  he 
learned  the  most  basic  premedical 
survival  technique  from  math 
professor  Maurice  Auslander — how  to 
remain  in  a  class  that  started  with  50 
students  and  ended  with  about  seven. 

During  his  sophomore  year,  when 
Goldfarb  Library'  was  completed, 
Brandeis  was  able  to  meet  the 
qualifications  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa;  and 
in  1961  Pine  was  among  the  first 
group  of  Brandeis  students  elected  to 
the  nation's  oldest  and  most 
prestigious  honor  society. 


20 


1967 


John  Peter  Chabot  '67 


"It  was  a  time  when  a  Brandeis 
student  could  feel  free  to  apply  to  the 
best  medical  schools  and  know  that 
his  credentials  would  be  seriously 
considered."  One  year,  and  one 
medical  entrance  examination  later, 
Pine  took  advantage  of  this  freedom 
and  became  the  second  student  in  the 
history  of  Brandeis  to  be  accepted  to 
Harvard  Medical  School. 

He  graduated  from  Harvard  in  1966 
and  went  on  to  Montefiore  Hospital 
for  his  internship  and  first  year  of 
medical  residency.  That  residency 
was  interrupted,  however,  when  in 
1968  at  the  height  of  the  Vietnam 
War,  he  was  drafted. 

Unlike  many  other  draftees.  Pine  was 
not  sent  to  Vietnam.  He  was  asked, 
because  of  his  MD  degree  and 
mathematics  background,  to  be  a 
medical  economist  during  the  war, 
took  the  commission  and  spent  the 
war  years  investigating  physicians 
who  were  trying  to  solicit  "easy 
money"  for  doubtful  research 
projects. 

At  war's  end.  Pine  resumed  his 
medical  career  with  renewed 
dedication,  and  attained  his  present 
position  as  chief  of  cardiology  and 
associate  professor  at  the  Cincinnati 
VA  Medical  Center. 


Ranis  was  assistant  administrator  for 
a  Washington  State  AID  program  at 
the  Colegio  de  Mexico  in  Mexico 
City,  Samuels  was  fighting  m  the  '67 
war,  and  Pine  was  in  his  first  year  of 
residency  at  Montefiore  when  (John) 
Peter  Chabot  gave  the  valedictorian 
address  for  his  Brandeis 
commencement. 

He  spoke  not  about  politics  nor,  as  he 
called  it,  the  "incipient"  war  in 
Vietnam,  but  rather  about  the 
Brandeis  experience  from  a  Catholic's 
point  of  view.  If  he  had  had  to  give  a 
title  to  his  speech,  he  might  have 
called  It,  "How  I  Leamed  Not  to  Pick 
up  the  Egg  from  a  Seder  Plate."  The 
war  was  simply  an  event  that  had  not 
yet  personally  engaged  him. 

Which  IS  not  to  say  that  he  wasn't 
involved  in  a  protest  or  two.  During 
his  freshman  year  he  joined  a  group  of 
angry  students  by  dismantling  the 
door  of  his  room  and  carrying  it  to 
Gryzmish  Administration  Building.  It 
was  a  protest  against  parietal  rules, 
which  required  every  student  who 
wished  to  entertain  a  member  of  the 
opposite  sex  in  a  dorm  room  to  leave 
the  door  open. 

But  for  the  most  part,  Chabot  saw 
Brandeis  not  as  a  political  forum  but 
rather  as  a  theater  major's  haven. 

His  first  two  years  were  spent  putting 
on  shows  in  Ullman  Amphitheatre 
and  in  his  junior  year,  the  new 
Spingold  Theater.  The  new  facility 
brought  "culture  shock.  We  had  an 
amateur  theater,  and  then  suddenly 
we  were  in  a  professional 
environment.  Of  course  theater 
professors  Howard  Bay  and  Charlie 
Moore  came  in,  and  we  already  had 
lim  Clay.  We  had  a  company  of  six 
professional  actors  in  residence  who 
were  all,  without  exception, 
wonderful  to  the  undergraduates." 

When  the  first  main  stage  play, 
Volpone  by  Ben  Jonson  was  produced, 
Chabot  was  house  and  assistant  stage 
manager.  He  was  also  president  of  the 
Hi-Charlie  club,  which  produced  an 
original  musical  comedy  each  year; 
and  he  worked  with  Michael  Weller 
'65  (author  of  the  screenplay  for 
Ragtime]  on  his  first  full-length  play. 

It's  not  surprising  that  Chabot  decided 
to  make  the  theater  a  career  when  he 
left  Brandeis.  But  one  year  later,  while 


programming  lunch-time  theater  for 
New  Yorkers  as  part  of  the  NYU 
Graduate  School  of  the  Arts  program, 
his  "burgeoning  career  came  to  an 
immediate  halt.  Uncle  Sam  had 
decided  he  needed  my  tired  bt)dy  for 
his  forces." 

Stationed  in  Savannah,  he  was 
assigned  his  "military  occupation 
specialty" — head  of  the 
entertainment  office  for  the  Third 
Army  entertainment  unit.  In  this 
capacity,  he  produced  and  often  acted 
in  plays  that  were  staged  for  audiences 
of  two  to  three  hundred  military 
personnel. 

Chabot  served  three  years  in  the 
service,  but  was  not  sent  overseas. 
And  It  was  not  until  the  Vietnam 
War's  end  that  he  began  to  discover  its 
true  impact  on  his  life. 

When  he  returned  to  New  York  City, 
he  found  that  certain  things  had 
changed.  For  one,  the  NYU  graduate 
program  he  had  attended  no  longer 
existed.  For  another,  he  realized  that 
he  "had  fallen  in  love  with 
Savannah."  That  is  why  he  decided  to 
work  there  for  the  next  two  and  a  half 
years  as  manager  of  the  Savannah 
Symphony  Orchestra.  Four  years 
later,  in  1976,  he  moved  to  Atlanta 
where  he  worked  with  the  Atlanta 
Music  Festival,  the  organization 
responsible  for  bringing  the 
Metropolitan  Opera  to  that  city. 

That  was  seven  years  ago.  Chabot's  no 
longer  in  Georgia.  Nor  is  he  in  New 
York  City.  He's  still  in  the  field  of 
management,  but  not  with  the  theater 
and  not  with  the  symphony. 

Travel  the  streets  of  Newport,  Rhode 
Island,  and  you  will  eventually  come 
to  a  restaurant  called  "The  White 
Horse  Tavern."  Built  as  a  tavern  over 
300  years  ago,  it  has  been  in  operation 
ever  since.  A  staff  of  23  will  serve 
Duck-au-Poivre,  or  whatever  other 
French  dish  one  chooses  to  order. 

And  don't  be  surprised  if  Chabot 
greets  you  at  the  door.  Restaurant 
managers  often  do. 


1972 


1976 


Ranis  was  named  a  Ford  Foundation 
Faculty  Fellow,  Samuels  celebrated 
his  12th  year  in  Israel,  Pine  was 
finishmg  his  residency  m  general 
medicine  at  Columbia  Presbyterian 
Hospital,  and  Chabot  managed  the 
Savannah  Symphony  Orchestra, 
when  Elliot  Maggin  was  named 
valedictorian  of  his  class. 

When  he  wrote  his  commencement 
speech,  he  tried  to  make  it  sound  like 
poetr>'.  But  when  he  showed  it  to  a 
friend,  he  was  told  it  read  more  like  a 
"Marvel"  comic. 

Maggin  laughs  about  that  now.  The 
author  of  Superman:  Last  Son  of 
Krypton,  its  sequel.  Miracle  Monday, 
and  a  host  of  over  200  comic  book 
stories,  he  has  devoted  much  of  the 
last  ten  years  of  his  life  to  comic  book 
heroes. 

It's  a  devotion  that  began  at  Brandeis. 
As  chairman  of  the  Waltham  Group, 
he  doled  out  his  large  collection  of 
comic  books  to  the  kids.  He  pocketed 
a  few  of  the  magazines,  reading  them 
every  so  often  instead  of  a  textbook.  A 
renewed  interest  in  comics 
eventually  led  to  a  topic  for  his  junior 
year  term  paper,  "How  President 
Kennedy  and  Superman  Influenced 
My  Life." 

'I  only  got  a  B+  on  it,"  he  admits.  But 
on  the  advice  of  American  studies 
professor  Max  Lemer,  he  submitted 
the  paper,  and  a  comic  book  stor>' 
written  for  it,  to  DC  Comics  for 
publication.  DC  published  it,  and  the 
profits  paid  for  his  senior  year  at 
Brandeis. 

Following  graduation,  he  spent  a  year 
writing  comic  book  stories.  But  after 
he  had  penned  almost  300,  he  came  to 
the  realization  that  "there  are  only  so 
many  ways  to  throw  a  punch,  or  save 
an  airplane."  So  he  left  a  lucrative  job 
at  pulp-style  publishers  "Weird 
Heroes"  for  Columbia  School  of 
Journalism. 

He  went,  not  surprisingly,  with  the 
intention  of  being  a  joumalist.  But 
once  there,  he  heard  that  the  average 
life  expectancy  of  a  journalist  is 
somewhere  in  the  fifties — which 
posed  a  problem.  Maggin  wanted  to 
live  forever. 


Elliot  Maggin  '72 


Today  one  will  find  him  on  a  farm  in 
Campton,  New  Hampshire,  with  his 
"family" — Mocha  (a  dog),  Sherlock  (a 
cat)  and  Rainbeau  (a  horse). 

Rainbeau  also  happens  to  play  a  role 
in  Maggin's  novel-in-progress.  It's  a 
story  about  the  fictional  encounter 
between  nineteenth-century 
historian  Francis  Parkman  and  Sioux 
Chieftain  Crazy  Horse.  But  that's  the 
only  clue  he'll  give. 

In  addition  to  writing,  he  also  works 
for  Atari,  creating  the  characters  and 
concepts  for  new  computer  games 
that  pick  up  where  "ET"  and 
"Superman"  leave  off. 

Maggin  thinks  he  has  a  lot  in  common 
with  Clark  Kent.  "He's  kind  of  a 
wimp.  He  walks  through  life  not 
being  noticed  by  anyone,  but 
undemeath  he's  strong.  Actually  he's 
the  greatest  man  in  the  world."  And 
while  he  will  not  exactly  say  that,  like 
Clark  Kent,  he  is  also  immortal,  he 
will  admit  even  at  age  33  that  he  could 
still  pass  for  an  undergraduate. 


Ranis  was  named  a  Ford  Foundation 
Visiting  Professor  at  the  University  of 
the  Andes  in  Bogota,  Colombia, 
Samuels  had  spoken  at  the  Central 
Conference  of  American  Rabbis  in 
Jerusalem,  Pine  became  an  instructor 
at  Harvard  Medical  School,  Chabot 
began  work  with  the  Atlanta  Music 
Festival,  and  Maggin  had  written  his 
first  novel,  when  Razel  Tnigman  (nee 
Solow)  gave  the  valedictory  address. 

She  dedicated  it  to  the  five  women 
who  had  taught  her  "the  beauty  of 
strength." 

Among  them  was  Lenore  Israel,  her 
high  school  English  teacher.  "She 
lived  life  dow-n  to  earth,"  said 
Trugman.  ""She  was  honest,  dedicated 
to  teaching,  and  epitomized  what  I 
think  life  is  all  about ...  no 
pretensions." 

Lenore  Israel  (nee  Cohen)  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Brandeis  class  of  1957. 
It's  not  surprising  that  Trugman 
chose  the  alma  mater  of  the  teacher 
she  admired  so  much.  Nor  that  when 
she  graduated  Brandeis,  went  to 
Cornell  University  for  a  master's 
degree  in  English  and  became,  like 
Israel,  a  high  school  English  teacher. 

What  is  surprising  is  that  after  two 
years  at  Morris  Greely  High  School  in 
Chappaqua,  New  York,  Trugman 
decided  that  she  didn't  want  to  teach 
anymore. 

Trugman  had  always  been  an  explorer 
by  nature  Even  at  Brandeis,  she  saw 
her  undergraduate  experience,  ""not  as 
a  ticket  to  graduate  school,  but  rather 
a  place  to  explore  a  myriad  of 
subjects." 

She  left  Brandeis,  as  she  calls  it, 
"happily  irrelevant."  But  in  1980, 
when  she  had  given  up  teaching  and 
started  thinking  about  what  to  do 
next,  she  found  that  she  had  no  idea. 

It  was  a  Brandeis  professor  who  helped 
her  find  the  answer. 

Architecture  had  held  a  certain 
fascination  for  Trugman  ever  since 
high  school.  But  m  those  days,  ""girls 
enrolled  in  home  economics,  and  I 
was  denied  permission  to  take 
mechanical  drawing."  So  it  was  not 
until  she  was  at  Brandeis,  enrolled  in 
Professor  Gerald  Bernstein's  modem 


T> 


Brandeis' 
Valedictorians 


Razel  Sviuw  Tru^man   lb 


architecture  course,  "that  my  interest 
in  architectural  spaces  surfaced." 

Six  years  after  graduation,  she  went 
back  to  see  Professor  Bernstein.  "And 
I  said,  'You  know,  I've  got  this  crazy 
idea  that  maybe  I  would  like  to  do 
architecture'  and  I  thought  he  was 
going  to  say  'Are  you  crazy-  Do  you 
know  how  much  that  entails?'  But  he 
just  said,  'I  think  that's  great- '  " 

Trugman  is  now  a  second  year  student 
at  the  University  of  Minnesota  School 
of  Architecture.  A  year  ago,  she  didn't 
know  that  a  parallel  rule  was  the  mam 
instrument  in  architecture,  now  she's 
working  on  the  design  of  her  first 
building. 

She  also  views  her  Brandeis 
education — and  the  "happy 
irrelevance"  it  brought  her — quite 
differently.  "I  think  that  among  other 
things,  to  be  a  really  excellent 
architect,  you  need  a  good  liberal 
education." 

Which  is  why  she  would  still  choose 
to  go  to  Brandeis,  even  had  she  known 
earlier  that  she  would  end  up  m 
architecture. 

"I  hope  that  people  go  to  Brandeis 
thinking  that  they  want  to  go  into 
architecture  and  end  up  in  medicine, 
or  even  tap  dancing.  You've  got  to 
explore  and  you've  got  to  take  a  few 
chances  and  you've  got  to  enjoy  and 
figure  out  who  you  are." 


Janice  Friedman  '82 


1952 

Gustav  Ranis. 
Professor  of  Economics  at 
Yale  University. 
Trustee  of  Brandeis. 

1953 

Abraham  Heller. 
Professor  of  Psychiatry  and 
Common  Medicine  at 
Wright  State  University, 
Ohio. 

1954 

Robert  Lewis  Samuels. 
Rabbi  and  headmaster  of  a 
Reform  secondary  school 
in  Haifa,  Israel. 

1955 

Thomas  |.  Egan. 

Partner  in  a  Monroe,  New 

York  law  firm. 

1956 

Morton  Leon  Ginsberg. 
Tax  attorney  in  New  York 


1961 

Donald  ).  Cohen. 
Professor  of  Pediatric  Psy- 
chiatry and  Psychiatry  at 
Yale  University's  Child 
Study  Center.  Trustee  of 
Brandeis. 

1962 

Michael  Boehmer  Pine. 
Director  of  Cardiology  at 
the  Cincinnati  VA  Medical 
Center. 

1963 

Stephen  Louis  Donadio. 
Professor  of  American 
Literature  at  Middlebury 
College,  Vermont. 

1964 

Risbon  Menabem  Bialer. 
Deceased.  Killed  in  an  auto 
accident  in  1968  during  his 
last  year  at  Harvard 
Medical  School. 


1975 

Michael  I.  Sandel. 
Professor  of  Government  at 
Harvard  University. 
Trustee  of  Brandeis. 

1976 

Razel  E.  Solow. 
Architectural  student  at  the 
University  of  Minnesota. 

1977 

Brian  T.  Wilson. 
Employee  of  the 
Massachusetts  Port 
Authority. 

1978 

David  M.  Stemberg. 
Associate  attorney  in 
Washington,  DC. 

1979 

David  Adierstein. 
Freelance  writer  m  Ohio. 

1980 


City.  Fellow  at  Brandeis. 

1965 

Carl  F.  Barnes. 

Robert  Irving  Lerman. 

Second  year  law  student  at 

1957 

Senior  research  associate 

Harvard  University. 

Elliot  Martin  Epstein. 

and  adjunct  lecturer  at 

Partner  in  a  New  York 

Brandeis'  Heller  School. 

1981 

City  law  finn. 

Stuart  |.  Chanen. 

1966 

Second  year  law  student  at 

1958 

Stephen  R.  Raskin. 

Northwestem  University. 

Richard  Kaufman. 

Radiologist  in  West 

Unable  to  locate. 

Virginia. 

1982 

Paul  David  Underberg. 

1959 

1967 

Second  year  law  student  at 

Simon  Arthur  Sargon. 

lohn  Peter  Cbabot. 

University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Music  director  at 

Restaurant  manager  in 

Temple  Emmanuel  m 

Newport,  Rhode  Island. 

1983 

Dallas,  Texas. 

Elaine  Zecber. 

1968 

Will  attend  rabbinical 

1960 

Joseph  Tenenbaum. 

school  in  Jerusalem  this  fall 

Lyman  H.  Andrews,  Jr. 

Cardiologist  in  private 

Professor  of  American  Lit- 

practice in  New  York  City. 

erature  at  the  University  of 

Leicester,  England. 

1969 

Justin  Daniel  Simon. 
Partner  in  a  Washington, 
DC  law  firm. 

1970 

Members  of  the  senior  class. 

1971 

None. 

1972 

Elliot  S.  Maggin. 

Writer  m  New  Hampshire. 

1973 

James  Katz. 

Attorney  in  Haddonfield, 

New  Jersey. 

1974 

Adam  Jon  Stein. 
Unable  to  locate. 

May  22,  1983 
Brandeis'  Thirty-Second 
Comraencement 


Highlights  of  Brandeis'  thirty-second 
Commencement  included  a 
thought-provoking  speech  by  noted 
physicist  Victor  F.  Weisskopf 
exhorting  students  to  work  on  behalf 
of  nuclear  de-escalation;  the  reading 
of  a  poem  by  Polish  expatriate  and 
Nobel  Prize  winner  Czeslaw  Milosz 
and  a  student  address  by  Elaine  S. 
Zecher.  Honorary  degrees  were 
awarded  to:  (clockwise  above) 
President  Bernstein,  dancer  Mikhail 
Baryshnikov,  Admiral  Hyman 
Rickover,  Chicago  University 
President  Hanna  Gray,  sociologist 
Robert  K.  Merton,  Dr.  Mitchell  T. 
Rabkin,  president  of  Beth  Israel 
Hospital,  poet  Czeslaw  Milosz, 
historian  C.  Vann  Woodward, 
philanthropist  Irving  Schneider  and 
Professor  Weisskopf. 


The  Commencement  was  also  the 
occasion  for  President  Bernstein  to 
say  farewell  to  the  University  he 
headed  for  eleven  years,  and  an 
opportunity  for  the  University 
community  to  welcome  President 
Evelyn  E.  Handler. 

Approximately  700  students  received 
their  bachelor's  degrees  and  graduate 
degrees  were  awarded  to  149 
candidates. 


President  Evelyn  E.  Handler  and 
Founding  President  Abram  L.  Sachar. 


"Whatever  we  may  think  about  the 
Soviet  regime,  the  time  is  past  when 
an  objectionable  regime  can  be 
removed  by  force.  Nuclear  weapons 
have  changed  the  meaning  of  war. 
War  between  the  nuclear  powers  is 
no  longer  acceptable.  A  hundred 
million  people  would  be  killed  and 
the  earth  no  longer  inhabitable. 

In  spite  of  all  this  we  witness  today 
an  ever  escalating  nuclear  arms  race 
between  the  super  powers.  Only  a 
few  hundred  bombs  are  enough  to 
destroy  the  world  but  the  two 
opposing  super  powers  have  deployed 
ten  thousands  of  them  and  add 
thousands  every  year.  This  is  the 
craziest  arms  race  the  world  has  ever 


seen.  Crazy  because  the  opponents 
know  very  well  that  the  use  of  even  a 
fraction  would  annihilate  both  sides. 

Fourteen  years  ago  the  youth  of 
America  ended  the  Vietnam  war.  The 
young  people  were  able  to  force  the 
government  to  change  its  policy. 
Today  you  have  a  much  more 
important  task:  You  must  save 
yourself,  your  children  and  the  whole 
world  from  nuclear  annihilation. 

Stand  up  and  join  the  forces  that  are 
already  active  here  and  abroad  in 
declaring  your  revulsion  against  this 
senseless  arms  race.  The  arms  race  is 
the  result  of  fear.  We  fear  that  the 
Soviets  want  to  spread  their  power 
over  the  world,  and  they  fear  our 
encirclement  and  our  intent  to  free 
the  world  from  Communism." 


From  the  Commencement  address 
by  Victor  F.  Weisskopf 


'If  we  were  to  compromise  a  liberal 
arts  education  for  the  pressure  of  the 
job  market,  we  would  narrow  our 
horizons  and  lessen  the  parameters  of 
our  education.  More  skill-oriented 
courses  in  our  curriculum  would 
only  take  away  from  the  beauty  of  a 
liberal  arts  education,  and  we  do  not 
want  to  be  technocrats." 

From  the  senior  address 
by  Elaine  S.  Zecher  '83 


i 


Marver  H.  Bernstein's 

Commencement 

Farewell 


Counsels 


If  I  were  in  the  place  of 
young  poets 

(quite  a  place,  whatever 
the  generation 
might  think) 

I  would  prefer  not  to  say 
that  the  earth  is  a 
madman's  dream, 

a  stupid  tale  full  of 

sound  and  fury. 

It's  true,  I  did  not 

happen  to  see  the 

triumph  of  justice. 
The  lips  of  the  innocent 

make  no  claims. 
And  who  knows 

whether  a  fool  in 

a  crown, 
a  wine  cup  in  his  hand, 

roaring  that 

God  favors  him 
because  he  poisoned, 

slew  and  blinded 

so  many, 
would  not  move  the 

onlookers  to  tears: 

he  was  so  gentle. 

God  does  not  multiply 
sheep  and  camels 
for  the  virtuous 

and  takes  nothing  away 
for  murder  and 
perjury. 

He  has  been  hiding 

so  long  that  it  has 
been  forgotten 

how  he  revealed  himself 
in  the  burning 
bush 

and  in  the  breast  of  a 
young  lew 
ready  to  suffer  for 
all  who  were  and 
will  be. 

It  is  not  certain  if 

Ananke  awaits 
her  hour 

to  pay  back  what  is  due 
for  the  lack  of 
measure  and  for 
pride. 


Poem  read  by  Czeslaw  Milosz 


Man  has  been  given  to 
understand 
that  he  lives  only 
by  the  grace 
of  those  in  power. 

Let  him  therefore  busy 
himself  sipping 
coffee,  catching 
butterflies. 

Who  cares  for  the 

Republic  will  have 
his  right  hand 
cut  off. 

And  yet,  the  earth  merits 
a  bit,  a  tiny  bit, 
of  affection. 

Not  that  I  take  too  seri- 
ously consolations 
of  nature,  and 
baroque  orna- 
ments, the  moon, 
chubby  clouds 

(although  it's  beautiful 

when  bird-cherries 
blossom  on  the 
banks  of  the  Wilia). 

No,  I  would  even  advise 
to  keep  farther 
from  nature, 

from  persistent  images 
of  infinite  space, 

of  infinite  time,  from 
snails  poisoned 

on  a  path  in  a  garden, 
just  like  our 
armies. 

There  is  so  much  death, 
and  that  is  why 
affection 

for  pigtails,  bright-col- 
ored skirts  in  the 
wind, 

for  paper  boats  no  more 
durable  than  we 


are  . 


Distinguished  guests,  trustees,  26 

alumni,  members  and  friends  of  the 
University  community. 

I  welcome  you  to  these  32nd 
Commencement  exercises  of 
Brandeis  University.  As  graduating 
seniors  and  graduate  students  receive 
their  degrees  I  want  to  address 
members  of  the  Class  of  1983  and 
offer  them  the  special 
congratulations  of  the  faculty, 
administration,  and  trustees. 

This  IS  a  day  in  celebration  of  your 
education  in  the  liberal  arts.  We 
come  together  in  this  place,  among 
parents  and  teachers,  family  and 
friends,  to  honor  you  for  what  you 
have  done  and  for  what  you  have 
become  these  past  four  years.  And  in 
honoring  you,  we  celebrate  our 
University  and  its  ideals. 

I  confess  I  feel  a  special  tie  to  the 
Class  of  1983.  For  this  year  is  also  my 
year  of  commencement  —  although 
in  my  case,  as  Elaine  Zecher  has  said, 
it  has  taken  not  four  but  eleven  years 
to  reach  this  bittersweet  moment. 
My  farewell  to  your  class  carries  an 
added  measure  of  pride  as  well  as 
sadness.  We  have  learned  and 
disputed  and  reasoned  together.  We 
have  cared  deeply,  and  we  have 
grown. 

Milton's  comment  is  pertinent  to 
this  community  of  ours.  "Where 
there  is  much  desire  to  learn,"  he 
wrote,  "there  of  necessity  will  be 
much  arguing,  much  writing,  many 
opinions,-  for  opinion  in  good  men 
(and  women)  is  but  knowledge  in  the 
making." 

As  you  and  I  come  together  to  the  end 
of  our  Brandeis  days  and  look  forward 
to  our  next  steps  with  mingled 
anticipation  and  regret,  I  know  we 
also  share  a  continuing  warm 
affiliation  with  the  University  and  a 
heightened  appreciation  of  its  special 
qualities. 

Brandeis  has  provided  you  a  spacious 
and  protected  place  for  testing  and 
exploring  your  dreams  and  ideas  and 
your  capacities.  You  have  tested  new 
opinions  and  attitudes.  You  have 
reexamined  your  values  and  your 
goals.  These  past  four  years  have 
been  both  culmination  and  prelude. 
Your  sense  of  who  you  are  and  how 
you  stand  within  the  worlds  that  you 


2''  inhabit  is  different  now:  sharpened, 
questioned,  revised,  confirmed,  in 
some  cases  transformed.  Most 
important,  you  have  learned  to 
distinguish  between  data  and 
knowledge,  and  you  have  learned  the 
important  truth  that  knowledge  is 
not  a  product,  stored  up  and  tucked 
away,  but  a  way  of  being  and 
behaving.  This  is  the  special  kind  of 
good  we  offer  here:  this  openness  to 
new  ideas,  the  habit  of  learning,  and 
the  will  and  capacity  to  act 
humanely.  These  are  the  precious 
gifts  you  carry  away  from  your 
undergraduate  years. 

At  the  same  time,  you  leave  behind 
an  exuberant  vitality  that  I  personally 
treasure. 

You  have  contributed  enormously  to 
the  spirit  of  fun  on  this  campus.  You 
created  the  Pep  Band,  the  Ice  Hockey 
Team,  the  }azz  Band.  You  spurred  the 
revival  of  Homecoming  Weekend. 

You  pitched  in  to  help  administrators 
and  faculty  members  welcome 
potential  new  students  to  Brandeis, 
and  your  success  is  measured  in  our 
five-star  enrollment  prospects  for 
next  year. 

You  are  the  class  that  worked 
effectively  to  focus  attention  on 
student  concern  for  the  quality  of 
undergraduate  education. 

You  helped  to  nurture  a  more  fruitful 
partnership  in  the  University 
community.  Your  imagination  and 
sense  of  responsibility  created  the 
campus  Escort  Service  and  the  Van 
Service  to  improve  personal  safety 
and  security  on  the  campus. 

The  Class  of  1983  is  the  largest  class 
to  graduate  from  Brandeis.  And  you 
are  the  first  class  since  the  early  '60s 
to  leave  behind  a  class  gift,  one  that 
will  bring  delight  to  all  who  come 
after  you:  the  line  of  flowering  pear 
trees  edging  the  walkway  up  the  hill 
to  the  new  library  that  was 
completed  in  your  senior  year. 

At  this  moment  of  our  joint 
commencement,  I  want  you  to  know 
that  I  am  very  proud  of  your 
accomplishments.  I  have  valued  you 
—  at  times  grudgingly,  I  confess  — 
when  you  probed  and  challenged 
established  authority  and  contributed 
to  the  intellectual  unrest  that 


characterizes  a  first-rate  university.  I 
am  grateful  for  your  spirit,  your 
persistence  in  questioning 
conventional  wisdom,  your  disdain 
for  prejudice,  your  good  humor  and 
independence,  intelligence  and 
originality,  and  your  active  concern 
and  compassion  for  others  in  our 
community  and  in  society.  These 
qualities  provide  a  vital  touchstone 
in  your  lives  as  you  plunge  into  the 
uncertainties  and  the  perils  of  the 
world  that  lie  ahead  of  you. 

My  fellow  graduates,  I  have  learned, 
since  my  own  student  days,  that  on 
Commencement  Day  a  university 
president  should  leave  exhortation  to 
others.  I  shall  not  today  speak  of 
unemployment  or  environmental 
trashing  or  nuclear  weapons. 

Still,  in  this  privileged  and  shining 
moment,  the  voice  of  apprehension 
must  also  be  heard. 

Civilization  has  never  been  secure  on 
this  globe.  The  ideals  of  freedom  and 
justice  have,  more  frequently  than 
not,  been  unattained  goals.  Despite 
the  glorious  achievements  of  science 
and  technology,  much  of  humankind 
still  walks  with  uncertainty  and 
often  with  terror  and  fear  on  this 
earth. 

As  we  take  leave  of  this  hallowed 
place,  let  me  risk  a  single 
exhortation.  You  have  much  to  give 
and  great  opportunities  to  seize.  As 
graduates  of  Brandeis,  you  have  the 
ability  to  challenge  the  status  quo 


and  to  solve  problems.  You  have  the 
capacity  to  combine  imagination, 
knowledge,  and  discontent  into  a 
process  of  change  and  renewal.  You 
have  acquired  "the  courage  to  live  in 
uncertainty"  that  Eleanor  Roosevelt 
prized  so  highly.  You  have  discovered 
at  this  University  that  learning  —  the 
unfolding  of  human  intellect, 
personality,  and  wisdom  —  is  a 
journey  of  unknown  destination  — 
winding,  unpredictable,  endless. 
You  have  formed  values,  and  you 
have  made  friends  here  that  will  last 
a  lifetime.  The  compassion  and 
affection  that  you  have  experienced 
here  may  yet  help  us  achieve  links 
with  all  humankind. 

A  sobering  thought  about  the  world 
beyond  permits  an  affirmation  after 
all  —  of  the  great  good  we  have  to 
share  and  to  preserve,  worthy  of  our 
celebration  on  this  day  and  on 
commencements  yet  to  come. 

It  is  in  this  spirit  that  we  honor  you, 
the  Class  of  1983,  with  pride  and 
affection.  I  wish  you  joy  and 
achievement  in  making  your  lives 
and  sharing  your  good  with  others.  I 
know  you  will  keep  in  your  hearts,  as 
will  I,  the  vibrant  recollection  of  this 
special  place. 

May  we  go  from  here,  you  and  I,  and 
return  always  in  peace. 


Notes  on  Brandeis 


Success  Story: 
Tom  Friedman  '75 
Wins  Pulitzer 


ff 


When  the  Puhtzer  Prize 
Committee  announced  that 
Thomas  L.  Friedman  75 
had  been  awarded  the  1982 
Puhtzer  Prize  for 
International  Reporting,  his 
friends  and  associates 
weren't  surprised.  Even 
though  the  Pulitzer  is  the 
highest  award  a  journalist 
can  receive,  it  was  always 
clear  that  Tom  Friedman's 
career  would  be  brilliant. 

After  all,  he  had  been  an 
exceptional  student  at 
Brandeis,  graduating  summa 
cum  laude,  and  the  winner 
of  a  Marshall  Scholarship, 
one  of  the  most  prestigious 
awards  given  to  a  select  few 
students  by  the  British 
government,  for  study  in 
England. 


Merit  Scholarships 
Awarded:  Recruitment 
on  the  Upswing 


With  the  Marshall 
Scholarship  in  hand,  he 
went  to  Oxford  University 
where  he  received  a  degree 
in  Middle  Eastern  Studies. 
Eventually  he  became  a 
New  York  Times 
correspondent  in  the  Middle 
East,  and  is  now  its  bureau 
chief  in  Beirut.  The  Puhtzer 
board  awarded  him  the  pnze 
for  his  reporting  of  the  war 
in  Lebanon. 

As  one  of  his  associates  at 
the  Times  wrote  recently: 
"Tom  Friedman  has  earned 
(ourl  respect  m  one 
authoritative  dispatch  after 
another  during  the  long  hard 
summer  of  Beirut's  agony. 
With  a  skill  and  grace  that  I 
still  hnd  astonishing,  he 
explained  it  and  made  it  real 
for  readers  of  the  Times. 
And  unlike  many  reporters 
in  situations  like  these,  he 
never  forgot  to  bnng  alive 
the  people  he  was  writing 

about There  are  a  lot  of 

reasons  why  this  guy 
deserves  a  Pulitzer  at  the 
ripe  old  age  of  29." 


Tom  has  called  his 
experience  in  the  Middle 
East  "Fascinating,  absurd, 
sometimes  frightening  and 
always  exciting  .  .  ."  It  is 
clear  that  he  has  translated 
all  these  emotions  and  his 
learning  into  first  rate 
reporting.  We  are  proud  of 
him. 


28 


Although  competition 
among  top  schools  for 
highly  quaUfied  students 
has  increased,  Brandeis' 
recruiting  for  the 
forthcoming  year  has 
actually  shown  an  upswing, 
according  to  Dean  of 
Admissions  David  Gould. 

The  upswing  was  aided  in 
part  by  a  newly  instituted 
Merit  Scholarship  program 
whereby  the  University  is 
granting  scholarships  to 
students  based  on  their 
academic  achievement  —  a 
concept  that  is  receiving  a 
good  deal  of  praise  and 
attention  in  newspapers 
across  the  country. 

"Brandeis  University  is 
receiving  well-deserved 
applause  of  late  for 
recruiting  top  high  school 


scholars  with  the  same  sort 
of  inducements  other 
schools  use  to  recruit 
athletes,"  The  Boston 
Herald  editorialized. 

A  front  page  story  in  The 
Chronicle  of  Higher 
Education  focused  on  a  high 
school  senior  from  Denver 
who  IS  one  of  the  recipients 
of  a  Brandeis  Merit 
scholarship.  "Mr.  Weinberg 
decided  to  attend  Brandeis 
next  fall  without  even 
waiting  to  hear  about  the 
status  of  his  application  to 
Harvard,"  The  Chronicle 
wrote. 

In  another  major  article  in 
the  Wall  Street  Journal 
about  the  merits  of  Merit 
Scholarships,  Dean  of  the 
College  Attila  Klein  was 
quoted  saying:  "Every 
school  is  vying  for  the  best 
students  from  a  smaller  pool 
....  Outstanding  students 
are  a  precious  commodity 
these  days." 


One  segment  of  that 
precious  commodity  will  be 
forty-two  students  receiving 
Merit  Scholarships  next  fall 
of  which  twenty-three  will 
receive  $4,000  each,  while 
nineteen  others  who  are 
eligible  for  financial  need 
awards,  will  receive  $2,500 
in  addition  to  their 
need-based  grants. 

Merit  Scholarships  are 
awarded  on  the  basis  of  high 
school  achievement,  SAT 
scores  and  leadership 
qualities.  Dean  Gould 
stresses  that  the  funds  for 
these  scholarships  do  not 
come  from  the  pool  of  funds 
set  aside  for  financially 
needy  students  and  points 
out  that  some  forty-five 
percent  of  Brandeis' 
students  will  continue  to 
receive  some  form  of 
financial  aid  next  year,  as 
they  have  in  the  past. 


Linking  Science  and 
Industry 


29  The  distance  between 

scientific  laboratories  on  the 
Brandcis  campus  and 
corporations  along  famed 
Route  128,  and  beyond,  has 
narrowed  considerably  in 
the  past  year. 

It  IS  not  unusual  these  days 
to  see  chief  executive 
officers  from  established 
corporations  and  corporate 
foundations  walking 
through  the  campus,  visiting 
laboratories,  and  socializing 
over  lunch  with  faculty  and 
administrators. 

This  recent  increased  effort 
in  developing  new  links  is  an 
outgrowth  of  a  realistic 
assessment  of  the  benefits 
that  higher  education  and 
industry  can  contnbute  to 
each  other. 


At  Brandeis  this  link  is 
already  paying  off  m  an 
increase  in  private  support. 
For  example,  a  grant  for 
$1 78,000  was  received  from 
the  Digital  Equipment 
Corporation  for  the 
computer  science  program 
to  purchase  an  additional 
computer  and  terminals. 
Grants  from  DuPont, 
Polaroid,  Shell,  Dow  and 
GTE  have  allowed  the 
departments  of  chemistry 
and  physics  to  conduct 
summer  programs  for 
talented  undergraduate 
students  to  begin  research 
activities. 

Brandeis  has  also  received 
grants  from  IBM  to  support 
additional  fellowships  m  the 
department  of  mathematics, 
for  graduate  students  in  the 
department  of  physics  and 


augment  summer  faculty  in 
the  computer  science 
program,  joint  research 
projects  also  have  developed 
between  faculty  members 
and  several  science 
departments  at  Dow,  GTE, 
Polaroid  and  New  England 
Nuclear. 

Although  both  the  academy 
and  industry  are  already 
deriving  benefits  from  their 
joint  association,  they  are 
also  forging  the  basis  for 
future  insurance  when, 
predictions  say,  there  will  be 
fluctuating  support  for 
scientific  research  from 
federal  agencies.  It  is  those 
federal  grants,  which 
totalled  a  healthy  ten 
million  for  science  programs 
m  1982,  that  have  provided 
the  bulk  of  scientific  funding 
at  Brandeis. 


Much  of  the  credit  for  the 
strengthening  of  the  link 
between  sciences  at 
Brandeis  and  industry  goes 
to  a  newly  created  team 
consisting  of  Arthur  H.  Reis, 
Jr.,  director  of  Science 
Resources  and  Planning; 
Susan  Thomas,  director  of 
Corporate  and  Foundation 
Relations;  and  Ellen 
Stevens,  her  assistant,  plus  a 
new  aggressive  program 
within  the  development 
office. 

Despite  Brandeis'  relatively 
small  size,  the  excellence  of 
Its  sciences  is  well  known. 
The  new  links  now  being 
forged  will  not  radically 
alter  what  is  already 
happening  within  Brandeis' 
laboratories,  but  will  add 
new  strength  to  an  already 
sturdy  scientific  chain. 


MIT  Biophysicist  and 
Colorado  Biologist  Win 
Rosenstiel  Award  for 
Basic  Research 


A  pioneer  in  cellular  biology 
and  a  biophysicist  whose 
discoveries  have 
significantly  advanced  DNA 
research  are  the  recipients  of 
the  1983  Rosenstiel 
Medallion,  one  of  the  most 
prestigious  awards  in  the 
country  in  the  field  of  basic 
research. 

Keith  Roberts  Porter, 
professor  of  cell  biology  at 
the  University  of  Colorado, 
and  Alexander  Rich, 
professor  of  biophysics  at 
MIT,  were  cited  by  a 
committee  of  nationally 
prominent  scientists  for 
their  "profound  biophysical 
contributions  to 
understanding  the  structure 
of  living  cells."  The  award 
was  presented  by  Harlyn  O. 
Halvorson,  director  of  the 
Rosenstiel  Basic  Medical 
Sciences  Research  Center. 


In  recent  years,  the 
announcement  of  the 
Rosenstiel  winner  has  been 
closely  watched  by  the 
scientific  community 
because  four  of  the 
recipients  in  the  past  ten 
years  have  subsequently 
been  awarded  Nobel  Prizes. 
The  Rosenstiel  Medallion  is 
presented  annually  to 
scientists  in  basic  research 
who  previously  have  not 
received  major  recognition 
for  their  achievements. 

Porter,  70,  and  Rich,  48, 
accepted  the  bronze 
medallions  during  dinner 
ceremonies  in  April,  at  the 
Brandeis  Faculty  Center. 
They  also  shared  a  $10,000 
prize. 


feff  Thomas 


Keith  Roberts  Porter, 
Harlyn  O.  Halvorson, 
Alexander  Rich 


Student 

Representative  to  the 
Board  of  Trustees 


Jeff  Thomas  '85  has  been 
elected  to  a  two-year  term  as 
one  of  two  undergraduate 
representatives  to  the  Btiard 
of  Trustees. 

A  native  of  Huntsville, 
Alabama,  Jeff  is  an  American 
Studies  concentrator. 
During  his  freshman  year  he 
coordinated  the  Black 
History  Week  program 
sponsored  by  the  Brandeis 
Black  Students  Association 
and  the  Office  of  Student 
Affairs.  This  past  year,  he 
helped  organize  the  Black 
Lecture  Series,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Helmsley 
Fund,  and  has  been  an  active 
member  of  the  Brandeis 
Black  Students 
Organization. 


Prize-Winning  Poet 
Named  to  Prestigious 
Chair 


Allen  Grossman, 
prizc-winning  poet  and 
longtime  member  of  the 
English  department,  has 
been  named  to  the 
University's  prestigious 
Paul  E.  Prosswimmer 
Professorship  in  Poetry  and 
General  Education. 

The  Prosswimmer  Chair 
honors  "distinguished 
academicians  whose 
teaching  and  research 
exemplifies  the  Brandeis 
philosophy  of  education  of 
the  whole  individual." 

Grossman,  who  has  been 
teaching  at  Brandeis  since 
1960,  is  the  author  of  five 
well-received  books  of  verse 
includingi4  Harlot's  Hire. 
The  Women  on  the  Bridge 
Over  the  Chicago  River  and, 
most  recently,  Of  the  Great 
House. 


Renowned  Economist 
Appointed  to  Sachar 
Chair  in  International 
Economics 

-  Charles  Kindleberger, 
president  of  the  Amencan 
Economic  Association  and 
professor  emeritus  from 
MIT,  has  been  named  first 
holder  of  the  newly 
established  Sachar  Chair  in 
International  Economics.  A 
distinguished  scholar  of 
international  reputation,  he 
is  author  of  scores  of  books 
and  articles. 


He  IS  the  recipient  of  the 
Garrison  Award  for  Poetry, 
the  1981  Witter  Prize  from 
the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Letters,  and  a 
1982-83  Guggenheim 
Fellowship  for  distinction  in 
the  field  of  poetry. 


A  New  Book  by 
Abram  L.  Sachar  is 
Published 


The  endowed  $750,000 
Abram  and  TheLma  Sachar 
Chair  in  International 
Economics,  one  of  the  most 
heavily  endowed  at 
Brandeis,  was  funded  by 
Trustees  and  Fellows  in 
honor  of  the  University's 
foundmg  president  and  his 
wife. 


30 


It  is  called  Redemption  of 
the  Unwanted:  From  the 
Liberation  of  the  Death 
Camps  to  the  Founding 
of  Israel  and  it  is  a 
comprehensive  account  of 
what  happened  to  the 
European  lews  after  World 
War  II.  Using  secret 
documents  and  interviews, 
it  details  America's  role  in 
the  creation  of  the  state  of 
Israel.  The  book's  author  is 
founding  President  Abram  L. 
Sachar.  The  publisher  is  St. 
Martin's  Press. 


Working  for  the 
Governor 


Graduate  Programs 
Rated  Highly  in 
National  Survey 


Two  members  of  the  Heller 
School  faculty  have  recently 
been  snatched  by  the  newly 
elected  governor  of 
Massachusetts  to  work  in 
the  new  administration  of 
Michael  Dukakis.  They  are 
fames  Callahan,  director  of 
the  Levinson  Policy 
Institute  and  director  of  the 
PhD  program  at  Heller,  who 
was  named  Massachusetts 
Commissioner  of  Mental 
Health;  and  Thomas  Glynn, 
assistant  dean  for  extemal 
affairs,  who  will  be  Deputy 
Commissioner  of  Welfare. 


Five  Brandeis  University 
Graduate  Programs  were 
rated  in  the  top  15  programs 
among  all  private 
universities  in  the  country. 
The  programs  cited  were 
biochemistry, 
cellular-molecular  biology, 
anthropology,  history,  and 
music.  The  study  placed 
Brandeis  with  such  schools 
as  Harvard,  Yale,  MIT, 
Stanford,  Columbia,  and 
Princeton,  all  of  whom 
posted  similar  ratings. 

"It  is  an  outstanding 
achievement,"  said 
Graduate  School  Dean 
Robert  ].  Art.  "We  compete 
successfully  in  the  league  of 
the  rich  and  the  large,  while 
we  are  small  in  size  and 
endowment." 

The  study  reconfirmed  that 
Brandeis  has  achieved  its 
primary  goal:  academic 
excellence  within  a  small 
research  institution.  The 
University's  supenor  rating 
becomes  a  more  notable 


achievement  when  viewed 
from  a  historical 
perspective.  In  less  than 
thirty-five  years,  Brandeis' 
programs  have  achieved  a 
level  of  excellence 
comparable  to  institutions 
which  are  among  the  oldest 
in  the  country'  and  whose 
endowments  are  far  larger. 

The  study,  the  latest  in  a 
series  of  assessments  of  the 
nation's  graduate  schools, 
was  prepared  by  the 
Conference  Board  of 
Associated  Research 
Councils  and  published  by 
the  National  Academy  of 
Sciences.  More  than  1,000 
professors  nationwide 
participated  in  the  two-year 
effort  which  was  sponsored 
jointly  by  federal  agencies 
and  private  foundations. 


Michael  L  Walzer  '56.  has 
been  elected  Alumni  Term 
Trustee  to  the  University's 
Board  of  Trustees.  Professor 
Walzer,  the  first  alumnus  to 
receive  an  honorary  degree 
from  Brandeis.  teaches  at 
the  School  of  Social  Science. 
Institute  for  Advanced 
Study  at  Princeton. 


$500,000  from 
Goldfarb  Estate 
Gives  Needed  Space 
in  Goldfarb  Library 

31  New  rctcrcncc  and 

circulation  departments  are 
part  of  the  expansion  and 
renovation  of  the  lacob  A. 
Goldfarb  Library-  made 
possible  by  $500,000 
received  from  the  estate  of 
the  late  benefactor  and 
trustee  of  Brandeis  after 
whom  the  library  was 
named.  Mr.  Goldfarb  and  his 
wife,  Bertha,  gave  $1  million 
for  the  construction  of 
Brandeis'  first  new  library 
building  in  1956  and  by  the 
time  it  was  opened  m  1959, 
they  had  contributed 
another  $500,000.  From 
1961  until  the  time  of  his 
death  in  1978,  Mr.  Goldfarb 
served  as  treasurer  of  the 
University's  Board  of 
Trustees.  His  wife,  Bertha, 
passed  away  last  year. 


Student  from  China 
Wins  Karpf  Peace  Prize 


Cognitive  Cuisine 


A  peace  prize  that  seeks  to 
foster  "understanding 
among  the  peoples  of  the 
earth"  was  awarded  to  an 
undergraduate  from  the 
People's  Republic  of  China 
for  his  proposal  to  increase 
the  level  of  protein  in  that 
country's  diet. 

Erh-fei  Liu,  a  junior 
economics  major,  received 
the  $2,000  Karpf  Peace  Prize, 
the  first  such  prize  offered  to 


an  undergraduate  student  by 
an  American  college  or 
university.  The  funds  will 
enable  Liu  to  travel  to  China 
this  summer  to  continue  his 
research  on  the  feasibility  of 
Sino-Amencan  economic 
cooperation  in  the 
production  of  isolated  soy 
protein. 

The  Karpf  Peace  Prize  is 
endowed  by  a  gift  from  the 
late  Maurice  I.  and  Fay  B. 
Karpf.  Liu,  a  dean's  list 
student,  plans  to  go  to 
graduate  school  in  the 
United  States  before 
returning  to  China  where  he 
plans  to  pursue  a  career  in 
international  economic  law 
or  international  trade. 


In  the  spring,  the  Office  of 
the  Dean  of  the  College 
created  a  program  designed 
to  bring  promising 
undergraduates  together 
with  faculty  members  in  a 
different  setting .  .  .  the 
faculty  member's  home. 

The  pilot  program  began 
with  sixty  freshmen  and 
sophomores  who  were 
invited  to  choose  a  faculty 
member  they  wished  to  dine 
with,  and  then  twelve 
faculty  members  were  asked 
to  participate.  The  response 
was  so  positive  that,  as  the 
semester  continued,  the 
program  was  expanded  to 
include  180  students  and  36 
members  of  the  faculty. 

"Cognitive  cuisme"  was  so 
well  received  that  the 
organizers  promise  it  will 
become  a  tradition. 


Women's  Committee 
Honors  Dr.  Calderone 


Humanists  Teach 
Professionals 


Student  Wins  Watson 
Fellowship 


Representatives  of  the 
largest  friends  of  the  librar>^ 
movement  in  the  world,  i.e., 
Brandeis'  National  Women's 
Committee,  awarded  the 
Abram  L.  Saehar  Silver 
Medallion  to  the 
distinguished  physician, 
public  health  expert  and 
pioneering  leader  in  the  field 
of  human  sexuality  —  Dr. 
Mary  S.  Calderone. 
Presented  by  BUNWC 
President  Cynthia  Shulman, 
the  annual  tribute  goes  to  a 
woman  of  outstanding 
accomplishment. 

The  award  was  presented 
during  the  35th  Anniversary' 
Conference  held  on  the 
campus  in  early  [une,  which 
was  attended  by  over  300 
delegates  from  every  region 
of  the  country. 


The  Office  of  Continuing 
Studies  and  the  Legal 
Studies  Program  have 
developed  a  program  called 
"Literary  Texts,  Humanistic 
Values  and  the  Professions" 
for  professionals  within  the 
legal  system  who  wish  to 
broaden  their  understanding 
of  such  themes  as  judgment, 
ethics,  and  human  choice. 

Participants  attend  day-long 
sessions  where  classic  texts 
such  as  Shakespeare's  King 
Leai,  Conrad's  Secret 
Sharer.  Melville's  Billy 
Budd  and  Camus'  The 
Stranger  are  used  as  the  basis 
for  discussions  led  by 
humanists  from  Brandeis 
and  other  area  schools. 

The  Massachusetts 
Foundation  for  Humanities 
and  Public  Policy  awarded  a 
grant  to  Brandeis  for 
1 98 1  - 1 982  to  present  these 
sessions  to  judges  in  the 
Massachusetts  District 
Court  system.  The 
foundation,  which  has  called 
the  program  "the  best 


project  with  a  discussion 
format  ever  sponsored  by  the 
MFHPP,"  has  re-funded 
Brandeis  for  1983-1984  to 
conduct  similar  sessions  for 
clerk-magistrates  in  the 
court  system. 

The  Rhode  Island  Hospital 
in  Providence  arranged  with 
Brandeis  to  conduct  similar 
sessions  for  physicians  and 
medical  administrators.  The 
project  IS  called  "Medical 
Decision-Making:  Literary 
Texts,  Humanistic  Values, 
and  the  Healing  Professions.' 

Sanford  M.  Lottor,  director 
of  Continuing  Studies,  and 
Saul  Touster,  loseph  M. 
Proskauer  Professor  in  Law 
and  Social  Welfare  and 
director  of  the  Legal  Studies 
program,  are  co-directing  the 
project. 


Naomi  Hillel  ot 
Ramat-Chen,  Israel,  won  the 
prestigious  $  1 0,000  Watson 
Fellowship  for  a  year  of 
independent  study  following 
her  graduation  in  May.  The 
Thomas  f.  Watson 
Fellowship  was  awarded  to 
only  70  college  students  in 
America  this  year.  Ms. 
Hillel,  a  music  major,  will 
study  the  application  of  the 
Suzuki  method  in  piano 
teaching  in  Japan  and 
England. 


Sherman  and  Farbei 
Head  Trustees 
Development 
Committee 


Theater  Arts  Alumni  ■ 
Where  Are  You? 


Malcolm  L.  Sherman  of 

Wellesley,  Massachusetts, 
executive  vice  president  of 
Zayre  Corp.  and  president  of 
Zayre  Stores,  is  the  new 
chairman  of  the  Trustees 
Development  Committee. 
Vice-chairman  is  Leonard  L. 
Farber  of  Ft.  Lauderdale, 
Florida,  president  of  the 
Leonard  L.  Farber  Co.  of 
Pompano  Beach,  Florida,  one 
of  the  nation's  leading  real 
estate  development  firms. 

Both  members  of  the 
Brandeis  Board  of  Trustees 
have  been  actively  involved 
with  the  development  of 
Brandeis  over  the  years,  and 
served  as  President's 
Councilors  and  Brandeis 
Fellows. 


Under  Mr.  Sherman's 

chairmanship,  a  new  and 
ongoing  program,  "The 
Brandeis  Exchange,"  was 
introduced  last  year  to 
increase  Fellows' 
involvement  with  the 
University  and  the  students. 
As  a  result,  the  Fellows 
Resource  Bank  was 
established  through  which 
Fellows  are  helping  Brandeis 
students  by  offering  their 
personal  expertise  and 
business  contacts  to 
students  seeking  career 
information.  Brandeis 
alumnae  in  the  Sherman 
family  are  his  wife,  Barbara 
Cantor  Sherman  '54,  and  his 
daughter,  Robin  '83. 

Mr.  Farber's  lead  gift  for  the 
construction  of  the  Leonard 
L.  Farber  Library'  initiated 
Brandeis'  campaign  in  1981 
for  a  new  library  complex 
involving  the  Farber  Librar\- 
the  Goldfarb  Library  and  the 
Rapaporte  Treasure  Hall. 
The  dedication  of  the 
Leonard  L.  Farber  library  was 
luneS,  1983.  Mr.  Farber 


continues  to  be  a  prime 

mover  in  University 
development  functions  both 
nationally  and  in  his 
community.  In  March,  he 
received  the  University's 
Medal  for  Distinguished 
Service  to  Higher  Education. 


Heller  School  Receives 
Largest  Chair  Gift  in 
History 


The  Florence  Heller 
Graduate  School  has 
received  a  gift  of  over 
one  m.illion  dollars  to 
endow  the  Sol  C.  Chaikin 
Chair  in  National  Health 
Policy. 

Chaikin  is  the  president  of 
the  International  Ladies 
Garment  Workers  Union 
and  a  Brandeis  Trustee.  The 
gift,  which  IS  also  one  of  the 
largest  m  the  Heller  School's 
history,  comes  from  many  of 
Chaikm's  friends  m  labor 
and  industry. 

The  first  person  to  hold  the 
chair  will  be  Heller  School 
Dean  Stuart  Altman,  one  of 
the  national's  leading  health 
economists  and  a  strong 
advocate  of  a  National 
Health  Insurance  Program. 


"This  magnificient  gift, 
which  honors  one  of  our 
great  labor  leaders,  is  a  major 
step  forward  m  our  effort  to 
stay  m  the  cutting  edge  of 
health  policy  research,"  said 
Altman,  former  Deputy 
Assistant  Secretary  for 
Health  Planning  at  HEW. 

Altman  said  that  in  the  past 
several  years,  the  Heller 
School  has  strengthened  its 
reputation  as  a  preeminent 
research  center  in  Medicaid 
cost  control,  ambulatory 
care  in  hospitals  and 
long-term  care  for  senior 
citizens. 

Leonard  L  Farbei 
"This  support  will  enable  us  Malcolm  L  Sherman 
to  balance  humanitarian 
concerns  for  equal  access 
against  the  need  for  public 
policies  which  can 
reasonably  be  supported  by 
government  and  the  private 
sector,"  said  Altman. 


Stuart  Altman 
Sol  C.  Chaikin 


The  Theater  Arts 
Department  is  preparing 
its  semi-annual  newsletter 
for  all  Its  graduates  and 
undergraduates  and  is  asking 
all  those  who  have  received 
the  "Information  Sheet"  to 
fill  It  out  and  retum  it  to  the 
office.  Those  theater  arts 
majors  (or  non-majorsi  now 
working  in  the  theater,  film, 
video,  etc.  who  may  not 
have  received  one,  are  urged 
to  contact  lohn-Edward  Hill 
at  the  Spmgold  Theater. 


32 


Homecoming 


Planning  for  the  October 
Homecoming  event  is  well 
under  way,  according  to  Beth 
Goldstein  '85  and  Mark 
Rosenberg  '85,  coordinators. 
The  celebrations  begin 
October  14  and  will 
continue  through  the 
weekend  when  there  will  be 
speakers,  concerts,  the 
traditional  soccer  game  .  .  . 
and  surprises.  For  more 
information  contact  the 
Office  of  Student  Affairs. 


Scholars  Differ  on 
French  Jews 


Differences  over  the  past  and 
future  of  French  Jewry 
emerged  at  the  conference 
on  The  lews  m  Modern 
France  held  this  spring  at 
Brandeis.  Attended  by  more 
than  250  scholars  from 
France,  Israel,  Britain, 
Canada,  and  the  U.S.A.,  the 
conference  was  organized  by 
the  Tauber  Institute. 

Keynote  speaker,  Eugen 
Weber,  stressed  that  the 
Jews  formed  only  a  tiny 
proportion  of  the  population 
of  France.  Weber,  who  is 
professor  of  history  at  the 
University  of  California,  Los 
Angeles,  and  author  of 
Peasants  into  Frenchmen, 
suggested  that  recent 
research  showed  that  most 
Frenchmen  were  not  greatly 
concerned  about  the  Dreyfus 
affair  nor  about  most  other 
issues  of  concern  to  Jews. 
The  lewish  problem  in 
France,  he  argued,  "is  a 
Jewish  problem." 
Anti-Semitism  did  not  exist 
in  France  but  "the  fact  that 
the  French  don't  particularly 
like  the  lews  is  irrelevant 
because  the  French  don't 
particularly  like  anybody." 

Other  participants  differed 
from  Weber,  viewing  the 
French  lewish  experience  as 
central  to  modem  French 
history  and  current  French 
politics. 


Sharp  disagreement  emerged 
in  a  session  on  "The  Left  and 
the  lews"  in  which  Stephen 
Schuker,  professor  of  history 
at  Brandeis,  stressed  the  role 
of  French  Jews  in  the  1930s 
in  the  communist  party  and 
other  left-wing  groups. 
Schuker  was  strongly 
criticized  by  William 
Cohen,  professor  of  history 
at  Indiana  University.  Pierre 
Bimbaum,  a  political 
scientist  at  the  University  of 
Pans,  pointed  out  that 
recent  public  opinion  polls 
in  France  showed  that 
Jewish  voters,  who  had  been 
strong  supporters  of  the 
socialist  party  of  President 
Frangois  Mitterrand,  were 
now  deserting  the  st)cialists 
and  moving  to  the  right. 

The  final  session  was 
entitled  "Dilemmas  of 
French  Jewry  under  the  Fifth 
Republic:  Retrospect  and 
Prospect."  Among  the 
speakers  was  Michael 
Marrus  of  the  University  of 
Toronto  and  co-author  of  the 
recent  book,  Vichy  and  the 
lews.  Marrus  argued  that, 
notwithstanding  the  recent 
bomb  attacks  on  Jewish 
targets  in  France, 
anti-Semitism  in  the 
country  had  been  declining 
steadily  since  194.S.  Citing 
opinion  poll  evidence, 
Marrus  suggested  that  the 
bomb  attacks  were  pnibably 
the  work  of  Arab  or  other 
non-French  groups. 


Participants  were 
entertained  at  a  special 
reception  held  at  the 
headquarters  of  the 
American  Jewish  Historical 
Society.  To  coincide  with 
the  conference,  the  Society 
held  an  exhibition  of 
Franeo-Judaica  and  a  display 
of  French-Jewish  materials 
was  also  mounted  in  the 
Judaica  wing  of  the  library. 

As  part  of  the  conference, 
the  University  Press  of  New 
England  sponsored  a 
reception  and  dinner  to 
launch  the  latest  book  in  the 
Tauber  Institute's  series. 
The  book  is  entitled  French 
and  Germans,  Germans  and 
French:  A  Personal 
Interpretation  of  France 
under  Two  Occupations. 
1914-18  and  1 940-44  hy 
Richard  Cobb,  professor  of 
history  at  Oxford 
University. 


The  conference  was 
organized  by  Professor 
Frances  Malino  of  the 
University  of 
Massachusetts,  Boston; 
Scholar-m-Residence  of  the 
Tauber  Institute  Professor 
David  Landes  of  Harvard 
University,  chairman  of  the 
Tauber  Institute's  Board  of 
Overseers;  and  Professor 
Bernard  Wasserstein, 
director  of  the  Institute. 
Additional  support  was 
provided  by  grants  from  the 
French  Cultural  Services  in 
Boston  and  the  Helena 
Rubinstein  Foundation. 

The  main  papers  from  the 
conference  are  to  be 
published  in  a  volume  m  the 
Tauber  Institute  series. 


Having  a 
will 
is  like 
holding 
a  winning 
hand. 

You  are 

in 

control! 


With  a  will... 

\  oil  decide  how  vnur  assets  are 
to  he  used,  and  bv  whorji,  in  the 
future.  V  ou  name  your  own  execu- 
tor. You  can  establish  tnists.  You 
can  reduce  and  soiiietiiiies  elimi- 
nate taxes  and  other  adniinist  native 
expenses.  Gilts  ol'cash  or  pro|KM"t\ 
to  charities  and  institutions  can 
ix'iielil  \()u. 

W  ithout  a  will  .  .  . 
you  have  lo.st  control.  It  will  then 
be  u|)  to  the  state  to  decide  how 
your  as.sets  are  to  l)e  distributed. 

For  more  inlbrniation  about  the 
itii|)ortance  of  a  will  and  ways 
that  vou  can  inclutfe  Brandeis. 
send  lor  our  new  brochure. 
"Your  Living  Legacy."  Copies 
a\ailable  liy  writing  or  calling 
.|ose|)h  L.  (Jolield,  Director  of 
Planned  Giving,  Brandeis  L'ni- 
versitv.  Vi  altharn.  Massachusetts 
022.34  or  ()  I  ?-()■+ 7-235'A 


Faculty  Notes 


Laurence  E.  Abbott 

associate  professor  of 
physics,  recently  lectured  at 
the  University  of 
Vancouver,  Brown 
University  and  Oberlin 
College  in  Ohio. 

Joyce  Antler 

assistant  professor  of 
American  studies  and 
director  of  the  Women's 
Studies  Program,  presented  a 
lecture,  "Meaning  and 
Meanmglessness:  Education 
atRadcliffc,  1900,"  at  the 
Radcliffe  Research  Scholars 
Colloquium  Series  held  at 
Radcliffe  College  last  spring. 

Albert  S.  Axelrad 

chaplain  and  B'nai  B'rith 
Hillel  director,  is  the  author 
of  "Doctors'  Meditation," 
published  in  Linacre 
Quarterly — A  lournal  of  the 
Philosophy  and  Ethics  of 
Medical  Practice  in 
November,  1982.  The  article 
was  selected  by  Harvard 
Medical  School's  1983 
graduating  class  for 
publication  in  its 
commencement  program. 

Asoka  Bandarage 

assistant  professor  of 
sociolog>',  gave  the  opening 
speech  at  Yale  University's 
Women's  Week  Program, 
and  spoke  on  "Women  and 
Third  World  Development" 
at  Boston  University's 
School  of  SocialWork.  She 
was  invited  to  organize  and 
chair  the  session  on 
"Development  and 
Developing  Societies"  at  the 
1984  meeting  of  the 
American  Sociological 
Association.  She  was  a 
panelist  at  a  conference  on 
"Common  Differences: 
Third  World  Women's 
Perspectives"  at  the 
University  of  Illinois.  The 
syllabus  for  her  course, 
"Comparative  Ethnic 
Relations"  was  selected  by 
the  Committee  on  World 
Sociology  of  the  American 
Sociological  Association 
|ASA)  for  a  collection  aimed 
at  internationalizing 
sociology  curricula.  She  was 
elected  to  the  editorial 
board  of  The  Bulletin  of 
Concerned  Asian  Scholars. 


Stephan  Berko 

William  R.  Kenan,  Jr. 
Professor  of  Physics,  gave  an 
invited  lecture  last  summer 
at  the  Gordon  Conference 
on  "Particle-Solid 
Interactions."  He  also 
presented  talks  at  the 
"International  Meeting  on 
Spin,  Charge  and 
Momentum  Density"  held 
in  Nikko,  lapan,  and 
participated  in  a  workshop 
on  Positron  Physics  at 
Tsukuba  University  also  in 
lapan.  In  September,  he 
spent  two  weeks  in  India 
lecturing  on  new 
experimental  results  m 
positron  physics  obtained  at 
Brandeis,  at  universities  m 
Delhi,  Calcutta,  Kanpurand 
Madras.  He  was  guest 
speaker  at  the  Indian 
Atomic  Energy  Center  at 
Kalpakkam  and  the  Bhabha 
Atomic  Research  Center  in 
Bombay.  He  also  presented 
seminars  at  the  Bell 
Research  laboratories  and 
more  recently  at  the 
Universities  of  Washington, 
Seattle  and  British 
Columbia  in  Vancouver. 

Joseph  S.  Berliner 

Rosen  Family  Professor  of 
Economics  and  chair  of  the 
economics  department,  has 
been  named  to  both  the  Joint 
Committee  on  Soviet 
Studies  of  the  Social  Science 
Research  Council  and  the 
American  Council  of 
Learned  Societies.  His 
article,  "Planning  and 
Management  in  the  USSR," 
was  recently  published  m 
The  Soviet  Economy: 
Toward  the  Year  2000.  He 
also  presented  the  summary 
report  at  the  Berkeley 
Conference  on  Social 
Welfare  and  the  Delivery  of 
Social  Sciences,  USA/USSR. 

Robert  H.  Binstock 

Louis  Stulberg  Professor  of 
Law  and  Politics,  delivered 
the  Kent  Award  Lecture, 
"The  Aged  as  Scapegoat,"  to 
the  Gerontological  Society 
of  America.  It  was 
subsequently  published  m 
The  Gerontologist.  He 
chaired  a  conference  on 
Long-Term  Care  Policy 
Issues  for  the  Office  of 
Technology  Assessment, 
U.S.  Congress  at  Millwood, 
Virginia.  In  addition,  he  gave 
a  series  of  talks  as  the  Holy 


Cross  Endowment  Lecturer 

in  Shreveport,  Los  Angeles, 
and  presented  invited 
lectures  at  Harvard  Medical 
School  and  North  Texas 
State  University. 

Egon  Bittner 

Harry  Coplan  Professor  in 
the  Social  Sciences, 
authored  the  presidential 
address,  "Technique  and  the 
Conduct  of  Life,"  given  last 
August  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Society 
for  the  Study  of  Social 
Problems.  The  address  also 
appeared  in  the  February 
1983  issue  oi  Social 
Problems. 

Maureen  Boulton 

assistant  professor  of  French 
and  comparative  literature, 
was  awarded  a  grant  by  the 
American  Philosophical 
Society  last  summer  to  do 
research  m  Pans  for  a  book 
on  the  use  of  material  from 
the  Apocrypha  of  the  New 
Testament  m  Old  French 
Literature.  Her  first  book 
has  been  accepted  for 
publication  by  the  Pontifical 
Institute  of  Medieval 
Studies  in  Toronto.  Her 
article,  "The  Evangile  de 
I'Enfance:  The  Rediscovery 
of  the  Didot  Manuscript," 
appeared  in  Romania,  and 
an  article  on  a  related  topic  is 
scheduled  for  publication  in 
Scriptorium.  She  has  also 
had  several  reviews 
published  m  Romance 
Philology. 

Jay  Y.  Brodbar-Nemzer 

assistant  professor  of  Near 
Eastern  and  Judaic  studies, 
recently  presented  a  paper  at 
the  annual  meeting  of  the 
North  Central  Sociological 
Association  in  Ohio  on  "Sex 
Differences  in  Attitudes 
Toward  Israel:  The  1981-82 
National  Survey  of 
American  lews." 

Anne  P.  Carter 

dean  of  the  faculty  and  Fred 
C.  Hecht  Professor  of 
Economics,  was  invited  to 
serve  as  coordinator  of  the 
international  symposium, 
"Revitalizing  the  World 
Economy  Through 
Improved  Productivity," 
held  in  Tokyo  last  May.  At 
the  symposium  she  also  led 


an  all-day  session  on 
"Business  Environment  and 
Productivity."  Her  most 
recent  publications  include: 
"International  Effects  of 
Energ>'  Conservation,"  in 
Scandinavian  Journal  of 
Economics  which  was 
reprinted  as  chapter  one  of 
The  Impact  of  Rising  Oil 
Prices  on  the  World 
Economy  (Macmillan, 
1982),  "Changes  m  Input 
Output  and  Business 
Planning,  "/omadfls  de 
Estudio  sobre  las  Tablas 
Input-Output  de  la 
Economia  Espanola  and 
"Materials  in  the  Industrial 
System, "  m  the  forthcoming 
Encyclopedia  of  Materials 
Science  and  Engineering. 

Peter  Child 

assistant  professor  of  music, 
was  awarded  a  New  Works' 
Prize  by  the  New  England 
Conservatory  of  Music  for 
his  original  composition, 
Ensemblance.  The  award 
included  a  cash  pnze  and 
performances  of  the  piece  at 
Boston's  Jordan  Hall,  Clark 
University  and  UMass, 
Amherst.  Ensemblance  was 
commissioned  and 
premiered  by  the  Boston 
Musica  Viva. 

Jacques  Cohen 

professor  and  chair  of 
computer  science,  gave  an 
invited  talk  on  "Recent 
Results  in  Computer 
Assisted  Analysis  of 
Programs"  at  a  seminar  held 
at  Rutgers  University  in 
Apnl. 

George  L.  Cowgill 

professor  of  anthropology, 
received  a  two-year  grant  of 
$120,000  from  the  National 
Science  Foundation  for 
continuation  of  computer- 
aided  analyses  of 
archaeological  data  from 
Teotihuacan,  Mexico.  Two 
of  his  articles  have  recently 
been  published:  "Clusters  of 
Objects  and  Associations 
Between  Variables: 
Two  Approaches  to 
Archaeological 
Classification, "  infssays  on 
Archaeological  Typology. 
and  "Rulership  and  the 
Ciudadela:  Political 
Inferences  from 
Teotihuacan  Architecture" 
in  Civilizations  in  the 
Ancient  Americas.  In 


34 


35  October  and  December 
1982,  he  gave  colloquia  at 
Boston  and  Yale 
Universities  on  his 
Teotihuacan  research,  and 
in  March,  a  paper  in  a 
symposium  held  at  UCLA. 
He  IS  also  consulting  editor 
for  mathematics  and 
statistics  ior  American 
Antiquity,  journal  of  the 
Society  for  American 
Archaeology. 

Charles  Cutter 

lecturer  in  Near  Eastern  and 
Judaic  studies  and  head  of 
the  fudaica  department  at 
Goldfarb  Library,  had  his 
book,  Jewish  Reference 
Sources:  a  Selective, 
Annotated  Bibliographic 
Guide  (co-authored  with 
Micha  F.  Oppenheim, 
librarian  at  the  Jewish 
Theological  Seminary) 
published  by  Garland 
Publishing,  New  York.  His 
review  of  Brad  Sabin-Hill, 
"Incunabula  Hebraica  and 
Judaica"  was  also  published 
in  Library  Quarterly. 

Stanley  Deser 

Enid  and  Nathan  S.  Ancell 
Professor  of  Physics, 
delivered  invited  lectures  at 
the  University  of  Florida  and 
Florida  State  University, 
Yale  University,  and  at  the 
Joint  Theoretical  Seminar  at 
Harvard  University.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Review 
Committee  on 
Gravitational  Physics 
at  the  National  Science 
Foundation,  Washington. 
He  was  also  nominated 
"Honorary  Scientific 
Investigator"  at  the 
Venezuelan  Center  for 
Astronomy  Research. 

Donna  Devlin 

associate  professor  of 
physical  education  and 
women's  basketball  coach, 
was  selected  to  be  head 
coach  of  the  East  Basketball 
Team  at  the  1983  National 
Sports  Festival  held  in  |une. 
She  recently  took  office  as 
president  of  the  NatK)nal 
Women's  Basketball 
Coaches  Association  after 
serving  as  vice  president  of 
that  organization  for  the  past 
year. 


Adrienne  S.  Dey 

adjunct  assistant  professor 
of  chemistry,  is  councillor 
and  editor  of  Niicieus,  the 
monthly  newsletter  of  the 
Northeastern  section  of  the 
American  Chemical 
Society.  The  section, 
comprised  of  4,000  chemists 
in  Eastern  Massachusetts 
and  Southern  New 
Hampshire,  held  its  first  five 
meetings  for  1983  at 
Brandeis  under  the  title, 
"The  James  Bryant  Conant 
Lectures  in  Current 
Chemistry." 

Herman  T.  Epstein 

professor  of  biophysics,  is 
co-author  of  "Studies  of 
Chloroplast  Development  in 
Euglena"  (with  J,  A.  Schiff, 
Abraham  and  Etta  Goodman 
Professor  of  Biology,  and  A.  I. 
Stem)  which  was  recently 
named  a  "citation  classic" 
by  Current  Contents  for 
having  been  cited  m  over  40 
publications. 

Irving  R.  Epstein 

professor  of  chemistry, 
chaired  and  delivered  the 
keynote  address  at  a  meeting 
of  the  American  Association 
for  Advancement  of  Science 
on  oscillating  chemical 
reactions.  He  gave  invited 
talks  at  a  NATO  workshop 
on  chemical  instabilities, 
and  at  Boston  College,  MIT, 
Wellesley  College  and 
Florida  State  University.  His 
article,  "Oscillating 
Chemical  Reactions" 
(co-authored  with  Professor 
of  Chemistry  Kenneth 
Kustin  and  colleagues  from 
Bordeaux  and  Budapest),  was 
published  in  the  March  issue 
of  Scientific  American. 

Elliot ).  Feldman 

assistant  professor  of 
politics,  addressed  the 
conference  of  the  Parti 
Quebecois  in  Montreal  on 
management  of  the 
Canadian  economy  and  was 
the  guest  of  Premier  Rene 
Levesque.  He  was 
interviewed  on  CBS's 
evening  news  show, 
Actualites  Regionales.  on 
his  book.  The  Politics  of 
Canadian  Airport 
Development:  Lessons  for 
Federalism.  He  was  guest 
lecturer  at  Brigham 
Young  University  on 
Canadian-United  States 


relations  and  policy 
analysis,  and  at  the 
University  of  Calgary  was 
advisor  on  the  development 
of  an  M.  A.  policy  analysis 
and  lecturer  on  comparative 
public  policy. 

Gordon  A.  Fellman 

associate  professor  of 
sociology,  had  his  article, 
"Israel  at  a  Crossroads, 
Zionism:  Left  and  Right," 
published  in  WIN 
(Workshop  in  Nonviolence) 
Magazine.  His  column, 
"National  Dilemma  for 
Israel:  Power  vs.  Morality," 
was  distributed  by  UPI  and 
appeared  in  numerous 
papers,  including  the  Boston 
Herald.  He  has  given  talks 
on  the  Middle  East  at 
UMass,  Boston,  Harvard 
University,  MIT,  and  Boston 
University;  co-led  a 
workshop  on  arms  and  the 
Middle  East  at  a  Physicians 
for  Social  Responsibility 
conference  on  arms  control; 
and  appeared  on  various 
radio  programs  and  a 
syndicated  cable  television 
show.  He  also  debated  the 
topic  of  possible  Israeli 
annexation  of  the  West  Bank 
at  a  March  meeting  of  the 
New  England  Zionist 
Federation. 

Judith  Ferster 

assistant  professor  of 
English,  recently  gave  a 
paper  entitled,  "Intention 
and  Interpretation  in 
Chaucer's  frank/in 's  Tale" 
at  the  eighteenth  annual 
Congress  on  Medieval 
Studies  at  Western  Michigan 
University's  Medieval 
Institute. 

Randall  K.  Filer 

assistant  professor  of 
economics,  is  the  author  of 
"Sexual  Differences  in 
Earnings:  The  Role  of 
Individual  Personalities  and 
Tastes,"  which  appeared  in 
the  Winter,  1983  issue  of 
The  fournal  of  Human 
Resources.  In  addition,  he 
has  been  commissioned  by 
the  National  Bureau  of 
Economic  Research  to 
prepare  a  paper  on 
"Absenteeism  from  Work 
Among  Inner-City  Minority 
Youth"  (with  Assistant 
Professor  of  African  and 
Afro-American  Studies 
Ronald  F.  Ferguson). 


Philip  Fisher 

associate  professor  of 
English,  recently  presented  a 
lecture  on  art  objects  and 
mass  production  at  the 
annual  conference  of  the 
German  Society  of 
American  Studies  in  Kiel. 
He  also  lectured  last  month 
at  the  European  Conference 
on  Marxist  and 
Phenomenological 
Approaches  to  Literature  m 
Dubrovnik.  His  recent 
essays  on  Dreiser, 
sentimentality  and  art 
objects  have  appeared  in 
Representations,  American 
Studies  and  American 
Realism:  New  Essays. 

Lawrence  H.  Fuchs 

Meyer  and  Walter  Jaffe 
Professor  of  American 
Civilization  and  Politics, 
visited  universities  in  China 
during  March  and  April  to 
assist  in  the  development  of 
their  programs.  He  lectured 
at  Beijing  and  Wuhan 
Universities  and  at  the 
Shanghai  Institute  for 
International  Studies.  At 
Wesleyan  University,  he 
addressed  a  convocation  of 
university  presses  on  "Risk 
Taking  m  University  Press 
Publisbing."  He  also  spoke 
at  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
American  Jewish  Historical 
Society  on  "John  F.  Kennedy 
and  the  American  Jewish 
Community."  He  is  author 
of  "Immigration  Policy  and 
the  Rule  of  Law,"  recently 
published  in  the  University 
of  Pittsburgh  Law  Review, 
and  "Jews  and  Hispanics  m 
America:  The  Meeting  of 
Two  Cultures,"  published 
by  the  American  Jewish 
Committee. 

David  G.  Gil 

professor  of  social  policy  at 
the  Heller  School,  had  six  of 
his  recent  articles  published: 
"The  Social  Context  of 
Domestic  Violence"  in 
Vermont  Law  Review.  "Not 
by  Bullets,  Nor  by  Ballots, 
But  by  Counter-Education 
and  Direct  Action. .  :"  in 
Socialist  Forum.  "Social 
Sciences  and  Human 
Liberation"  and  "Dialectics 
of  Individual  Development 


and  Global  Social  Welfare" 
in  Humanity  and  Society. 
and  "Dilemmas  of  Political 
Practice"  and  "How  to  Lick 
Unemployment"  in  The 
Human  Sociologist.  He 
delivered  lectures  at  the 
American  Orthopsychiatric 
Association,  Massachusetts 
General  Hospital,  the 
Human  Services  Conference 
in  Rhode  Island,  the  Child 
Welfare  League  of  America, 
and  at  the  International 
Conference  on 
Psychological  Abuse  of 
Children  and  Youth  m 
Indiana. 

Allen  R.  Grossman 

professor  of  English,  has 
been  named  the  Paul  E. 
Prossvv'immer  Professor  of 
Poetry  and  General 
Education. 

Andrew  Hahn 

lecturer  and  director  of  the 
Center  for  Employment  and 
Income  Studies  at  the  Heller 
School,  has  received  a 
planning  grant  from  the 
Edna  McConnell  Clark 
Foundation  to  assist  in  the 
implementation  of  a  youth 
employment  strategy.  He 
has  also  received  a  grant 
from  the  Rockefeller 
Foundation  to  write  a  book 
on  youth  employment  (with 
colleague  Robert  Lerman). 
His  article  on  "The  Effects  of 
the  Federal  Budget  Act  of 
1981  on  New  England's 
Poor"  was  published  in  last 
fall's  issue  of  TH«!7ST,  the 
Journal  for  Empkiyment  and 
Training  Professionals.  In 
April,  he  spoke  on  youth 
unemployment  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  the 
Council  of  Community 
Foundations  in  San 
Francisco. 

Martin  Halpem 

Samuel  and  Sylvia 
Schulman  Professor  of 
Theater  Arts,  won  a  1982 
Massachusetts  Artists 
Foundation  award  for  his 
play,  "The  True  Irving 
Rifkin,"  which  premiered  at 
the  Boston  Lyric  Stage 
Theater  on  May  25.  His  play, 
"Day  Six,"  also  premiered  in 
May  at  the  Philadelphia 
Festival  Theater. 


Penelope  Jencks 

Saltzman  Visiting  Artist, 
has  been  chosen  one  of  four 
finalists  in  a  competition  to 
sculpt  the  Arthur  Fiedler 
Memorial  for  the  Charles 
River  Esplanade. 

William  P.  Jencks 

Gyula  and  Katica  Tauber 
Professor  of  Biochemistry 
and  Molecular 
Pharmacodynamics,  was  the 
Chambers  Lecturer  at  the 
University  of  Rochester 
where  he  presented  a 
week-long  series  of  lectures 
entitled,  "How  Does  a 
Reaction  Choose  its 
Mechanism?"  In  January,  he 
delivered  a  lecture  on  a 
related  topic  at  the  eighth 
Enzymes  Mechanisms 
Conference  at  the  Asilomar 
Conference  Center  in 
California.  In  March,  he 
presented  a  senes  of  lectures 
as  Visiting  Professor  of 
Chemistry  at  Texas  A  &  M 
University.  He  also  lectured 
at  the  Fox  Chase  Cancer 
Center  in  Philadelphia  and 
recently  gave  an  invited 
lecture  at  SUNY  Buffalo. 

John  Bush  Jones 

lecturer  with  the  rank  of 
professor  in  theater  arts,  has 
been  elected  treasurer  of  the 
newly-formed  Boston 
Theater  Critics  Circle. 

Edward  K.  Kaplan 

associate  professor  of 
French,  was  featured 
speaker  at  a  New  York 
commemoration  of  the 
tenth  anniversary  of 
Abraham  J.  Heschel's  death, 
and  at  Boston  University  for 
a  commemorative  of  the 
second  anniversary  of  the 
death  of  Howard  Thurman, 
former  dean  of  the  chapel. 
He  also  presented  a  paper 
entitled,  "Abraham  I. 
Heschel's  Poetics  of 
Religious  Thinking,"  at  the 
Heschel  Symposium 
sponsored  by  the  College  of 
St.  Benedict  in  Minnesota. 
His  article,  "Contemplative 
Inwardness  and  Prophetic 
Action:  Thomas  Merton's 
Dialogue  with  Judaism," 
recently  appeared  m  the 
book,  Thomas  Meiton: 
Pilgrim  in  Progress  (Griffin 
Press,  19831. 


Philip  M.  Keehn 

associate  professor  of 
chemistry,  delivered  an 
invited  lecture  on 
"Intramolecular  Non- 
Bonded  Interactions  in 
Cyclophanes"  at  Rockefeller 
University  m  New  York 
City. 

Robert  Owen  Keohane 

professor  of  international 
relations,  was  a  member  of  a 
six-person  group  of 
mtemational  relations 
theorists  who  went  to  the 
Soviet  Union  last  lanuary  for 
a  meeting  with  Soviet 
specialists,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  US'USSR 
exchange  program, 
coordinated  by  the  Council 
on  Foreign  Relations  and  the 
Soviet  Academy  of  Sciences. 
He  also  joined  an  invited 
group  of  international 
relations  theonsts  in  China 
last  month,  under  the 
sponsorship  of  the  National 
Science  Foundation  and  the 
Chinese  Academy  of  Social 
Sciences.  In  May,  he 
presented  a  paper  to  the 
Social  Science  Research 
Council's  working  group  on 
Order  and  Conflict  m 
Westem  Capitalism 
entitled,  "The  World 
Political  Economy  and  the 
Crisis  of  Embedded 
Liberalism." 

Reuven  R.  Kimelman 

assistant  professor  of  Near 
Eastern  and  Judaic  Studies 
and  Manheimer  Term 
Assistant  Professor  of 
University  Studies, 
authored  a  tribute  to  his 
teacher,  Abraham  Joshua 
Heschel,  which  appeared  in 
the  winter  issue  of  The 
Melton  Journal  and  in  the 
Hebrew  weekly,  HaDoar. 
His  analysis  of  the  Israeli 
Commission  of  Inquiry 
entitled,  "Judging  Man  by 
the  Standards  of  God,"  was 
the  cover  article  in  the  May 
issue  of  The  B'nai  B'rith 
International  Jewish 
Monthly.  He  also  spoke  at 
the  Seventh  National 
Workshop  on  Christian- 
Jewish  Relations  on 
"Foundations  of  Jewish  and 
Christian  Social  Visions," 
and  served  as  scholar- 
in-residence  at  a  retreat  of 
the  National  Jewish  Welfare 
Board. 


Lorraine  V.  Klerman 

professor  of  public  health  at 
the  Heller  School, 
co-authored  two  chapters, 
"Effects  of  Early  Parenthood 
on  the  Cognitive 
Development  of  Children" 
(with  E.  Milling  Kmard, 
adjunct  lecturer  at  Heller), 
and  "Comprehensive 
Service  Programs  for 
Pregnant  and  Parenting 
Adolescents"  (with  James  F. 
Jekel),  in  a  book  entitled, 
"Premature  Adolescent 
Pregnancy  and  Parenthood." 
She  also  co-authored  (with 
Virginia  Cartoof,  Heller 
School  doctoral  candidate) 
the  article,  "Massachusetts' 
Parental  Consent  Law:  A 
Preliminary  Study  of  the 
Law's  Effects,"  published  m 
the  Massachusetts  Journal 
of  Community  Health. 

Blanche  Linden-Ward 

lecturer  with  the  rank  of 
assistant  professor  of 
American  studies,  led  a 
walking  tour- workshop  at 
Spring  Grove  Cemetery  in 
Cincinnati  for  a  meeting  of 
the  Organization  of 
American  Historians.  She 
also  lectured  and  gave 
walking  tours  of  Mount 
Auburn  Cemetery  to  classes 
in  Landscape  Architecture  at 
the  Harvard  Graduate 
School  of  Design.  She 
presented  a  paper  entitled, 
"A  Room  of  One's  Own: 
Inns  and  Hotels  in 
Nineteenth-Century 
Cincinnati,"  at  a  joint 
meeting  of  the  Great  Lakes 
American  Studies 
Association  and  the 
American  Society  of 
Environmental  Historians  at 
Miami  University,  Ohio. 

John  W.  Lowenstein 

Helena  Rubinstein  Professor 
of  Biochemistry,  gave 
invited  lectures  on 
"Intercellular  and 
Intracellular  Signalling  by 
Adenosine"  at  the 
University  of  Surrey  in 
England,  "The  Purine 
Nucleotide  Cycle"  at 
Jefferson  Medical  College  in 
Philadelphia  and  Procter  &. 
Gamble  Company  in 
Cincinnati,  and  "The  Use  of 
Stable  Isotopes  for 
Measunng  Lipogenesis"  also 
in  Cincinnati. 


36 


37   Robert  S.  Lurie 

assistant  professor  of 
economics,  presented  a 
paper  at  the  December  1 982 
meetmg  of  the  American 
Economic  Association  on  "R 
&  D,  hmovation  and 
Environmental  Regulation" 
which  was  subsequently 
published  in  The  American 
Economist.  He  is  presently 
on  a  grant  as  research  fellow 
at  the  International  Institute 
for  Environment  and  Society 
in  Berlin. 

Robert  J.  Maeda 

associate  professor  and 
chairman  of  fine  arts, 
delivered  a  series  of  four 
lectures  entitled,  "Tradition 
and  Change:  An 
Introduction  to  Chinese 
Painting,"  at  the  Boston 
Museum  of  Fine  Arts. 
The  series  was  held  m 
conjunction  with  the 
reopening  of  the  Museum's 
Asiatic  galleries. 

Frank  E.  Manuel 

Alfred  and  Viola  Flart 
University  Professor,  won 
the  American  Book  Award 
for  the  best  paperback  in  the 
field  of  history  for  Utopian 
Thought  in  the  Western 
World  (co-authored  by 
Fritzie  P.  Manuel).  His  new 
book.  The  Changing  of  the 
Gods,  IS  scheduled  for 
publication  in  September.  In 
January,  he  delivered  two 
lectures  in  Israel;  "The  Uses 
of  Jewish  Thought  in 
Seventeenth-Century 
Chnstendom"  at  Tel  Aviv 
University,  and  "The 
Nature  of  the  History  of 
Ideas"  at  the  Van  Leer 
Jerusalem  Foundation. 

Leslie  Ann  McArthur 

associate  professor  of 
psychology,  has  had  her 
research  on  "The  How  and 
What  of  Why:  Some 
Determinants  and 
Consequences  of  Causal 
Attribution"  featured  as  a 
"citation  classic"  in  the  May 
2  issue  of  Current  Contents 
for  being  one  of  the  most 
cited  works  in  its  field. 

Teresa  Mendez-Faith 

assistant  professor  of 
Spanish,  has  had  her 
forthcoming  book, 
ConlTextos 
Hispanoamericanos 
Contemporaneos,  accepted 


for  publication  by  Holt, 
Rinehart  &  Winston.  Her 
article  on  the  Peruvian  poet 
Cesar  Valleio  will  appear  in 
Cuademos  Americanos  and 
Sm  Nombre  and  "The 
Theme  of  Dictatorship  in 
the  Paraguayan  Novel  of 
Exile,"  m Monografias 
Latmoamericanas.  Her 
interview  with  Mexican 
writer  Elena  Pomatowska 
will  be  published  in  Inti: 
Revista  de  Literatura 
Hispamca  and  Atlantis:  A 
Women's  Studies  journal. 
She  presented  lectures  on 
Borges  and  Bertolucci  at  the 
MLA  convention  in  Los 
Angeles,  and  on  Gabriel 
Garcia  Marquez  at  a 
symposium  at  Wellesley 
College  and  at  Brandeis.  She 
IS  currently  in  Argentina  on 
a  Mazer  grant. 

James  B.  Merod 

assistant  professor  of 
English  and  American 
literature,  recently 
presented  a  paper  to  the 
International  Association  of 
Philosophy  and  Literature 
on  "Oriental 

Deconstruction?"  at  SUNY, 
Stony  Brook. 

Ruth  Schachter  Morgenthau 

Adlai  E.  Stevenson  Professor 
of  International  Politics, 
delivered  a  paper  on  "Food 
Prcxiuction  and  African 
Politics"  at  the  Harvard 
Center  for  International 
Affairs.  She  was  keynote 
speaker  on  world  hunger 
at  a  conference  on 
"International  Dimensions 
in  Education"  sponsored  by 
Universities  Field  Staff 
International.  She  was 
recently  a  participant  in  an 
international  workshop  on 
"Supporting  Women 
Farmers"  held  in  Bamako, 
Mall,  and  sponsored  by  Food 
Corps  Programs, 
International  (CILCA)  and 
the  Union  des  Femmes  du 
Mall. 

Wellington  W.  Nyangoni 

associate  professor  of 
African  and  Afro- American 
studies,  presented  two 
lectures  at  Emory 
University  last  April  and 
also  lectured  at  Salem  State 
College.  A  specialist  on 
OECD  multinational 


corporations  in  Southern 
Africa  and  consultant  to  the 
UN  office  of  the  high 
commissioner  for  Namibia, 
he  IS  presently  preparing  a 
United  Nations  Handbook 
on  South  African-based 
Transnational  Corporations 
Doing  Business  m  Namibia. 
During  intersession,  he 
conducted  business  and 
political  discussions  in 
Botswana,  Zambia  and 
Zimbabwe. 

Takashi  Odagaki 

assistant  professor  of 
physics,  had  his  chapters 
from  the  English  translation 
of  the  Japanese  book,  "The 
Structure  and  Properties  of 
Matter,"  (ed.  T.  Matsubara) 
published  by  Springer  Verlag 
as  part  of  the  Springer  Series 
in  Solid  State  Sciences 
(Volume  28). 

Susan  Moller  Okin 

associate  professor  of 
politics,  presented  a  paper  at 
the  Center  for  European 
Studies  at  Harvard 
University  on  "Patriarchy 
and  Married  Women's 
Property  in  Eighteenth- 
Century  England."  She  also 
participated  in  a  panel 
discussion  as  part  of 
Women's  Week  at  Yale 
University. 

Robert  O.  Preyer 

professor  of  English,  gave  the 
opening  address  at  a 
conference  on  Italy  and  the 
Victorian  Imagination 
entitled,  "Breaking Out:  The 
English  Assimilation  of 
Continental  Thought  in 
Nineteenth-Century 
Rome."  The  conference  was 
held  at  CUNY  Graduate 
Center  in  NYC.  Last 
summer,  he  delivered 
lectures  at  Heidelberg  and 
Tubigen  Universities.  He 
also  lectured  to  the  Harvard 
Victorian  Society  on  "John 
Stuart  Mill  and  Victorian 
Classicism."  In  addition,  he 
was  elected  to  the  Btiards  of 
the  Massachusetts  ACLU 
and  the  Legal  Defense  Fund 
of  the  NAACP. 

Arthur  H.  Reis  Jr. 

lecturer  with  the  rank  of 
associate  professor  of 
chemistry,  spoke  on  "  'One 
Dimensional'  Inorganic  and 
Organic  Materials"  at  the 


University  of  New 
Hampshire  in  April. 

Myron  Rosenblum 

professor  of  chemistry,  gave 
invited  talks  at  Dartmouth 
College  and  the  University 
of  Califomia  at  San  Diego  on 
"Transformations  of  Vinyl 
Ether-Iron  Complexes  of 
Synthetic  and  Chemical 
Interest." 

Robert  A.  Schneider 

assistant  professor  of  history 
and  Manheimer  Term 
Assistant  Professor  of 
University  Studies,  is 
currently  doing  research  in 
France  on  a  grant  from  the 
American  Council  of 
Learned  Societies. 

Silvan  S.  Schweber 

professor  of  physics  and 
Richard  Koret  Professor  in 
the  History  of  Ideas,  was 
commentator  at  a  Boston 
University  colloquium  on 
the  history  and  philosophy 
of  science  and  of  Professor 
M.  Hoshin's  paper,  "The 
Riddle  of  the  Nebulae."  In 
March,  he  delivered  a  paper 
entitled,  "The  Genesis  of 
Feynman's  Formulation  of 
Quantum  Mechanics: 
Visualization  Recaptured" 
at  a  three-day  conference  on 
the  history  of  probability  in 
the  physical  sciences  held  at 
the  University  of  Bielefeld  in 
West  Germany.  He  was  also 
appointed  an  associate 
editor  of  Historical  Studies 
in  the  Physical  Sciences. 

Colin  Steel 

professor  of  chemistry,  gave 
invited  talks  on  "High 
Temperature  Infrared  Laser 
Chemistry"  at  the  Stanford 
University  Research 
Institute,  the  Atomic  Energy 
Commission  of  Canada,  and 
California  and  Bell 
Telephone  laboratories  also 
in  Canada.  In  May  and  June, 
he  was  visiting  professor  at 
the  Israel  Institute  of 
Technology  (Technion) 
under  the  auspices  of  the 
Binational  Science 
Foundation. 

Louis  S.  Stuhl 

assistant  professor  of 
chemistry,  presented  two 
papers  at  a  national  meeting 
of  the  American  Chemical 
Society  last  March  in 
Seattle. 


Michael  Swirsky 

adjunct  lecturer  in  Near 
Eastern  and  ludaic  Studies, 
prepared  a  catalog  of  films  on 
European  lewry  and  the 
Holocaust  which  was 
recently  published  by  the 
Tauber  Institute  and  the 
National  Center  for  lewish 
Film.  His  translations 
of  short  works  by 
contemporary  Hebrew 
authors  Yitzhak  Ben-Ner 
and  Adin  Stemsaltz  have 
also  recently  been 
published,  and  he  is 
currently  translating 
another  work  by  Stemsaltz 
entitled,  Teshuvah. 
Professor  Swirsky  is  founder 
and  first  director  of  the 
Pardes  Institute  of  Jewish 
Studies  in  Jerusalem. 

Robert  Szulkin 

associate  professor  of 
Russian,  was  guest  co-editor 
(with  Richard  Weisberg  '65! 
of  the  May  1983  issue  of 
Human  Rights  Quarterly. 
His  article,  "The  Terror  of 
Transformation  in  Varlam 
Shalamou's  Stories," 
appeared  in  that  same  issue. 

Caldwell  Titcomb 

professor  of  music, 
composed  the  incidental 
music  that  was  used  in  the 
Rutgers  University 
production  of  Bernard 
Shaw's  Sainf  Joan.  The  score 
called  for  flute,  oboe,  English 
horn,  French  horn, 
harpsichord,  organ  and 
three-part  chorus. 

Milton  I.  Vanger 

professor  of  history,  gave 
talks  on  "Argentina  from 
Peron  to  the  Present"  at  the 
First  National  Bank  of 
Boston,  and  "Uruguay's  Way 
Back  to  Democracy:  The 
Aftermath  of  the  Party 
Elections"  at  Yale 
University.  His  Spanish 
translation  of  The  Model 
Country:  lose  BatUe  y 
Ordonez  of  Uruguay, 
I907-J9J5  (published  for 
the  Brandeis  University 
Press  by  the  University  Press 
of  New  England),  has 
appeared  in  Montevideo, 
published  by  Ediciones  de  la 
Banda  Oriental  and  ARCA. 
He  was  named  a  member  of 
the  prize  committee  of  the 
New  England  Council  of 
Latin  American  Studies.  In 


September,  he  will  be  an 
invited  panelist  at  a  session 
on  the  Role  of  the  State 
in  Export  Economics 
sponsored  by  the  Latin 
American  Studies 
Association. 

Michael  Wonnington 

assistant  professor  of 
biochemistry  and  Rosenstiel 
Basic  Medical  Sciences 
Research  Center,  received  a 
three-year  grant  of  $  196, 1 84 
from  the  National  Institute 
of  Child  Health  and  Human 
Development  to  research 
the  regulation  of  gene 
expression  during 
amphibian  oogenesis  and 
early  development. 

Cheryl  L.  Walker 

assistant  professor  of 
classical  and  Oriental 
studies,  has  been  named 
Manheimer  Term  Assistant 
Professor  of  University 
Studies  for  the  period 
1983-1986. 

Stephen  ].  Whitfield 

associate  professor  of 
Amencan  studies,  had  his 
essay,  "lules  Feiffer 
and  the  Comedy  of 
Disenchantment," 
published  m  the  anthology. 
From  Hester  Street  to 
Hollywood:  The 
Jewish-American  Stage  and 
Screen  (Indiana  University 
Press). 

Kurt  H.  Wolff 

professor  emeritus  of  social 
relations,  had  two  articles 
published:  "On  the 
Occasion"  (of  retirement), 
New  England  Sociologist, 
Summer  1982,  and 
"Scheler's  Shadow  on  Us," 
Analecta  Husserliana,  Vol. 
XIV,  1983.  He  gave  a  talk 
entitled,  "Humanistic 
Sociology?"  at  Framingham 
State  College. 

Jonathan  S.  Woocher 

assistant  professor  of  Jewish 
communal  service,  wrote  an 
article  on  "The  American 
Jewish  Polity  in  Transition" 
which  appeared  in  the 
Fall  Winter  issue  of  Forum 
on  the  Jewish  People. 
Zionism,  and  Israel.  He 
contributed  an  article  on 
Amencan  Jewish 
self-govemance  to  a  special 
issue  on  the  American 


lewish  community  of  Face 
to  Face:  An  Interreligious 
Bulletin,  published  by  the 
Anti-Defamation  League  of 
B'nai  B'rith.  His  curriculum 
on  "Jewish  Community  and 
Leadership:  Contemporary 
Issues  and  Historical 
Perspectives,"  designed  for 
use  in  leadership  education 
programs,  has  been 
published  by  the  Council  of 
Jewish  Federations  in  New 
York. 

Dwight  W.  Young 

professor  of  ancient  Near 
Eastern  civilization, 
lectured  last  April  at  Cornell 
University  on  his  recent 
research  regarding 
Mesopotamian  calculations 
of  reigns  of  fantastic 
duration  and  the 
implications  for 
understanding  the 
incredible  life  spans  of 
biblical  patriarchs. 

Judith  Francis  Zeitlin 

assistant  professor  of 
anthropology,  co-directed 
field  operations  (with  Robert 
N.  Zeitlinl  for  the  Belize 
Archaic  Archaeological 
Reconnaissance,  a  NSF 
sponsored  project 
investigating  the  ongins  of 
village  life  in  the  homeland 
of  the  Maya  civilization.  She 
also  delivered  papers  on  the 
impact  of  colonialism 
on  native  society  in 
Mesoamerica  at  Yale 
University  and  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  Amencan 
Society  for  Ethnohistor>'  m 
Nashville.  She  is  currently 
on  a  Mazer  grant  continuing 
ethnohistorical  studies  in 
the  Mexican  national 
archives. 

Robert  N.  Zeitlin 

assistant  professor  of 
anthropolog>',  was  invited  to 
present  the  keynote  address 
at  the  Seminar  on  Exchange 
Networks  and  Spatial 
Analysis  in  Archaeolog>'  at 
the  Fourth  International 
Flint  Symposium  in 
Brighton,  England.  The 
paper  will  appear  in  a 
forthcoming  volume  to  be 
published  by  Cambridge 
University  Press.  He 
recently  had  articles 
accepted  for  publication  in 
American  Antiquity  and 
American  Anthropologist, 


which  summarize  findings 

of  his  1982  field  work 
of  the  Belize  Archaic 
Archaeological 
Reconnaissance,  which  he 
co-directed  with  his  wife, 
ludith  Francis  Zeitlin. 

Harry  Zohn 

professor  of  German,  has 
written  an  article  on  "Satire 
in  Translation:  Kurt 
Tucholsky  and  Karl  Kraus" 
which  appeared  in  New 
American  Review.  He  is 
also  author  of  "  Aus  Theodor 
Kramers  letzten  Jahren," 
published  m  the  spnng  issue 
oi Zirkular  (Vienna).  His 
translation  of  Josef  Rattner's 
book,  Alfred  Adler  was 
issued  last  month  by  the 
Frederick  Ungar  Publishing 
Company.  He  spoke  on 
"Trakl,  Kraus,  and  the 
Brenner  Circle"  at  the  Georg 
Trakl  Symposium 
held  at  SUNY  Albany, 
and  on  "The  Jewish 
Contribution  to  German 
Literature"  at  a  history 
seminar  held  at  Bentley 
College.  He  was  recently 
elected  a  member  of  the  PEN 
Center  of  German-Speaking 
Wnters  Abroad. 

Irving  K.  Zola 

professor  of  sociology,  spoke 
at  the  Institute  for 
Rehabilitation  and  Research 
at  Baylor  College  of 
Medicine  in  Texas,  BU's 
Leisure  Studies  Program, 
and  Clark  University  on 
"Self  Help  in  the  Eighties: 
The  Disabled  Person's 
Movement  and  the 
Women's  Self  Help 
Movement."  His  recent 
publications  include: 
Independent  Living  for 
Physically  Disabled  People 
and  "Chronic  Illness  and 
Disability  "  family 
Medicine:  Principles  and 
Practice.  He  has  also  been 
appointed  to  the  editorial 
board  of  Clinical 
Sociological  Review. 


Faculty  Kudos 


Retiring 


39   Some  of  the  country's  most 
prestigious  awards,  honors 
and  grants  have  been 
received  recently  by 
Brandeis  tacuhy,  mcludmg 
an  American  Book  Award, 
the  Bancroft  Prize,  a 
Guggenheim  Fellowship, 
and  two  Sloan  foundation 
fellowships. 

Prize  in  the  paperback 
category  of  the  American 
Book  Award  went  to 
professor  Frank  Manuel,  the 
Alfred  and  Viola  Hart 
University  Professor,  and  his 
wife  Fritzie  for  their  book 
Utopian  Thought  in  the 
Western  World.  This  highly 
prestigious  award  is  the 
latest  addition  to  other 
honors  garnered  by  this  book 
which  was  also  the  1980 
Ralph  Waldo  Emerson 
Award  winner  presented  by 
Phi  Beta  Kappa. 

Howard  J.  Schnitzer,  chair  of 
the  physics  department,  is 
among  a  select  group  of 
nationally  prominent 
scholars,  scientists,  and 
artists  to  receive  a 
Guggenheim  Fellowship  for 
1983.  The  fellowships  are 
awarded  for  demonstrated 
accomplishment  and  strong 
promise  for  the  future. 
Professor  Schnitzer  will  use 
the  grant  to  continue  his 
studies  in  theoretical 
particle  physics. 

The  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences,  a  national 
honorary  society,  has 
elected  Alfred  G.  Redfield, 
professor  of  physics  and 
biochemistry,  and  Robert  O. 
Keohane,  professor  of 
international  relations,  as 
fellows  of  the  Academy. 
They  join  a  highly  selective 
group  of  intellectual  leaders 
from  this  countr>'  and  abroad 
who  are  Fellows  of  the 
Academy. 

A  study  of  witchcraft  in 
early  New  England  by  John 
P.  Demos,  chair  of  the 
department  of  history,  was 
awarded  the  1983  Bancroft 
Prize,  given  annually  to 
biioks  of  "exceptional  merit 
and  distinction  m  American 
histor>',  including 
biography,  American 
diplomacy  and  the 
international  relations  of  the 


United  States."  The  book, 
entitled  Entertaining  Satan: 
Witchcraft  and  the  Culture 
of  Early  New  England  is 
published  by  Oxford 
University  Press.  Professor 
Demos  was  presented  the 
prestigious  S4,000  pnze 
during  a  formal  dinner  at 
Columbia  University. 

Laurence  F.  Abbott, 

associate  professor  of 
physics,  and  Michael  Harris, 

associate  professor  of 
mathematics,  were  the 
recipients  of  Sloan 
Fellowships  in  science.  They 
were  among  88  Sloan 
Fellows  selected  from  over 
400  candidates  by  a 
committee  of  senior 
scientists  and  economists. 
Each  Sloan  Fellow  receives 
$25,000  over  a  two-year 
penod. 


Frank  Manuel 
John  P.  Demos 


Brandeis  said  farewell  to  four 
longtime  faculty  members 
who  retired  at  the  end  of  the 
academic  year.  Each  has 
accumulated  a  long 
list  of  accomplishments 
in  his  professional  field, 
but  beyond  that,  each 
has  also  accumulated  much 
affection  from  the  campus 
community.  The  retiring 
faculty  are: 

Robert  Koff ,  a  member  of  the 

music  department  for  over 
twenty  years.  He  is  well 
known  across  the  entire 
campus  for  his  memorable 
performances  (often  given 
with  his  wife  Rosalind) 
which  the  campus 
community  followed 
faithfully.  A  founding 
member  of  the  luilliard 
String  Quartet,  he  recorded 
with  that  group  extensively 
for  Columbia  Records  and 
RCA  and  performed  in  this 
country'  and  abroad.  He 
produced  a  series  of 
children's  programs  for 
National  Educational 
Television. 

Arnold  Gurin,  the  Maurice 
B.  Hexter  Professor  of  Social 
Administration  at  the 
Florence  Heller  Graduate 
School,  has  been  a  member 
of  that  school's  faculty  since 
1962,  serving  as  its  dean 
from  1971  to  1976.  Professor 
Gurin  served  in  several  key 
positions  within  private  and 
government  social  welfare 
agencies,  including  the 
chairmanship  of  the 
Academic  Committee 
evaluating  Israel's  "Project 
Renewal."  He  also  served  as 
the  faculty  representative  to 
the  Brandeis  Board  of 
Trustees. 

Wyatt  C.  Jones,  also  a 
longtime  member  of  the 
Heller  faculty,  he  was 
instrumental  in  that  school 
attracting,  educating  and 
placing  minority  students. 
He  served  on  the 
Transitional  Year  Program 
Committee  and  the 
Affirmative  Action 
Committee.  He  is  the  author 
of  a  major  study  published  in 
1965  "Girls  at  Vocational 
High;  An  Experiment  in 
Social  Work  Intervention" 
and  ser\'ed  in  the 
"Mobilization  for  Youth"  in 


New  York  City.  He  has  done 
extensive  research  in 
alcoholism  treatment, 
alternative  institutional  care 
for  mental  patients,  and 
juvenile  dehnquency. 

John  F.  Matthews,  Richter 
Professor  of  American 
Civilization  and 
Institutions,  has  been  at 
Brandeis  for  thirty-one  years 
serving  as  the  first  chairman 
of  the  Theatre  department 
where  he  held  the  Schulman 
Chair  in  Dramatic 
Literature.  He  also  was 
chairman  of  the  American 
Studies  Department.  A 
prize-winning  playwnght,  he 
wrote  for  radio,  television 
and  films  and  was  employed 
as  a  "playdoctor"  adaptor  or 
consultant  on  over  thirty 
Broadway  and  off-Broadway 
plays  and  musicals. 


Robert  Koff 


Bernstein  Faculty 
Fellowships 
Honor  Retiring 
President 


A  fellowship  program  for 
assistant  professors  has  been 
established  m  honor  of 
former  President  Marver  H. 
Bernstein  and  his  wife, 
Sheva. 

The  Bernstein  Faculty 
Fellowships  will  provide  a 
term  of  research  leave,  a 
stipend  for  two  summer 
months  before  or  after  the 
semester  of  leave,  and  up  to 
$2,000  for  research 
expenses.  It  is  expected  that 
three  or  more  fellowships 
will  be  awarded  annually. 

The  Fellowships  were 
established  through  an 
endowment  fund  sponsored 
by  the  University's  Board  of 
Trustees  in  recognition  of 
President  and  Mrs. 
Bernstein's  contributions 
during  eleven  years  of 
service  to  Brandeis. 


Tresident  and  Mrs. 
Bernstein  have  always  felt 
strongly  that  the  University 
must  provide  an  opportunity 
for  young  teacher-scholars 
to  pursue  their  research 
interests  for  concentrated 
penods  of  time  free  from  the 
demands  of  the  classroom," 
said  Henry  L.  Foster,  chair  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees. 
"Through  the  Bernstein 
Fund  we  not  only  share  their 
belief,  but  we  recognize  their 
many  years  of  commitment 
to  the  University." 


Deaths 


David  S.  Berkowitz,  one  of 

Brandeis'  thirteen  original 
faculty  members,  longtime 
Fellow  Harry  A.  Bass,  and 
former  sociology  professor 
Everett  Cherrington  Hughes 
died  m  recent  months. 

Professor  Berkowitz,  a 
member  of  the  history 
department  from  1948  until 
his  retirement  m  1979,  died 
March  8  at  age  69.  Colleague 
David  Hackett  Fischer,  the 
Earl  Warren  Professor  of 
History,  said  Professor 
Berkowitz  was  "a  brilliant 
scholar  who  was 
instrumental  in  shaping  the 
fundamental  image  of  this 
University  as  home  to 
intellectual  values  of  the 
highest  order." 


Bass,  a  University  Fellow 
who  underwrote  the 
Brandeis  physics  building 
that  bears  his  name,  died 
April  15  at  age  76.  He  was 
president  and  treasurer  of 
the  Cardinal  Shoe  Corp.  of 
Lawrence,  Mass.  He  and  his 
wife,  Mae,  were  members  of 
the  Patrons  and  Friends  of 
the  Rose  Art  Museum  and 
were  major  contributors  to  a 
number  of  scholarships  and 
programs  here. 

Professor  Hughes,  best 
known  for  his  sociological 
studies  of  professions, 
helped  found  Brandeis' 
graduate  department  in 
sociology.  He  died  lanuary  5 
at  age  85.  He  loined  the 
Brandeis  faculty  in  1961  and 
remained  here  until  1968. 


The  Israel 

Brandeis    with  Professor 
Traveler     Leon  Jick 


40 


$1689 


October  12-26,  1983 


Tour  features: 


•  Flights  on  El  Al  from 
New  York 

•Twin  bedded  rooms 
with  private  bath  or 
shower  in  five-star 
hotels 

•  Sightseeing  in 
modern  deluxe  air- 
conditioned  motor 
coaches 

•Porterage  of  one 
suitcase  per  person 

•All  tips  and  taxes 
normally  added  to 
hotel  bills 

•All  entrance  fees  to 
tourists  centers, 
historical  sites  and 
museums 

•  Full  Israeli 
breakfasts  (buffet 
style) 

Optional  meal  plan 
available 

•Services  of 
professional  tour 
guides  —  even  on 
leisure  days 


Chairperson,  Near  Eastern  and  Judaic 
Studies  Dept..  Brandeis  University,  and 
tvlillicent  Jick.  Museum  Lecturer  and 
Egyptologist. 

A  rare  opportunity  for  the  Brandeis  Traveler 
—  a  tour  specifically  designed  for  both  the 
first-time  visitor  and  the  veteran  Israel 
tourist.  The  trip  will  include  all  the 
traditional  Israeli  landmarks  plus  several 
events  especially  arranged  for  the  Brandeis 
group.  Leon  and  Millicent  Jick  will  bring 
their  particular  insights  and  in-depth 
knowledge  on  both  present-day  and  biblical 
Israel.  An  extension  to  Egypt  is  available 
under  the  guidance  of  Millicent  Jick.  a  well- 
known  Egyptologist 


Please  send  me 
details  on  the  Israel 
trip. 


Name 


State  Zip 


Class  Year 


Other  Brandeis  affiliation 


Mail  coupon  to:  Waltham 

Brandeis  University  Massachusetts 

Office  of  02254 

Alumni  Relations  617-647-2307 


Dedication: 
Leonard  L.  Faber 
Library 


From  the  Alumni 
Association  President 


After  one  of  the  largest 
non-Commencement 
crowds  in  Brandeis 
University  history  had 
celebrated  the  dedication  of 
the  new  Leonard  L  Farber 
Library  fune  8.  Mr.  Farber,  a 
Brandeis  Trustee  and 
nationally  prominent  real 
estate  developer,  and  his 
wife.  Antje.  mark  a 
moment  of  repose  in  front 


of  the  five-level  facihty  that 
his  $2.25  milhon  gift  made 
possible.  The  Rev.  Timothy 
S.  Healy,  S.f..  president  of 
Georgetown  University, 
was  the  keynote  speaker  at 
the  dedication,  which  was 
attended  by  more  than  one 
thousand  friends  of 
Brandeis. 


Brandeis  University 


k3^^y?fe.J-jL: 


Alumni  Association 
Annual  Membership 


Name: 


Address: 


Cityi_ 


State: 


Zip: 


Class  Year: 


Classes  of  1978-83 


$10.00 


Classes  o(  1952-78 


$15.00 


Note: 

Payment  of  alumni  dues  does  not 
constitute  a  contnbution  to  the 
Alumni  Fund, 


Make  check  payable  to: 

Brandeis  University  Alumni 
Association 


It  IS  with  humility  and  pride  that  I 
become  President  of  the  Alumni 
Association  of  Brandeis  University. 
We  have  reached  an  important  point 
in  the  life  of  the  University  as  we 
welcome  Evelyn  Handler,  our  fifth 
President.  We  pledge  to  her,  to  the 
students,  and  to  the  faculty  our  firm 
support,  hard  work,  and  concern  for 
the  institution  which  nurtured  us  and 
which  we  now,  in  turn,  must  nurture. 

Through  their  achievements, 
Brandeis  alumni  are  fulfilling  the 
early  dreams  of  the  men  and  women 
who  built  our  school  35  years  ago.  To 
mention  just  a  few  —  this  past  spring, 
Thomas  Friedman  '75  earned  a 
Pulitzer  Prize  for  his  lucid  and 
courageous  reporting  in  Beirut  for  The 
New  York  Times.  Edward  Witten  71 
has  recently  joined  the  newest  select 
company  in  America  by  winning  a 
MacArthur  Foundation  Prize. 
Benjamin  Westervelt  '82  received  a 
Mellon  Fellowship  in  the 
Humanities.  The  Brandeis 
Distinguished  Service  Award  was 
bestowed  on  Marilyn  Golden  '77  for 
her  extraordinary  work  with  Access 
Califomia,  an  organization  devoted  to 
providing  opportunities  for  the 
disabled.  These  and  many  other 
recent  graduates  are  moving  out 
icross  the  country  in  ways  that  bring 
pride  to  them  and  honor  to  the 
University  that  taught  them. 

For  me  personally  this  is  a  fulfillment 
of  a  dream.  I  have  been  involved  in 
Brandeis  activities  for  over  two 
decades,  participating  in  admissions 
recruitment,  my  own  Chicago  alumni 
chapter  and,  on  a  national  level, 
through  the  Alumni  Board  of 
Directors.  I  am  proud  that  my  son, 
Michael,  is  a  member  of  the  Class  of 
'86. 1  feel  as  close  to  the  University 
today  as  I  did  as  an  undergraduate 
twenty-two  years  ago. 

I  welcome  the  opportunity  to 
communicate  with  the  Brandeis 
family  through  this  column,  and  I 
look  forward  to  challenging  and 
fulfilling  years  of  service. 


Paula  Dubofsky  Resnick  '61 


Reunion  1983 


Members  of  the  Class  of  '58: 
(left  to  rightl  Dene  Maydin 
Bernstein,  Artfiur 
Brunwasser,  Richard  Foxx, 
Stuart  Damon,  Deborah 
Stern  Barr  and  Gerald  Segel. 


Members  of  thi.  Class  ui  do. 


Rena  Shapiro  Blumberg  '56 
receives  Friends  of  Brandeis 
Athletics  Award  from 
Morry  B.  Stein  '58. 


Members  of  the  Class  of  '58. 


2»#r 

^^^K^^^^^^^^^^H^^ 

Stuart  Damon  '5&,  alias  Dr. 
Quartermaine  of  "General 
Hospital"  and  Brandeis  Food 
Services  Fan  Club. 


Newsnote 


We  invite  you  to  submit 
articles,  photos  or 
news  of  interest  to  the 
Alumni  Office  for  review. 
Notes  and  articles 
received  up  to  September 
1  will  be  considered  for 
the  fall  issue. 


Members  ot  the  Class  of  '63, 
"Reflections." 


Name 

Brandeis  Degree  &.  Class  Year 

Address 

G 

Please  check  here  if  addtess 

is  different 

from  mailing  label. 

Please 
return  to 

Alumni  Office 
Brandeis  University 
Waltham,  Massachusetts 
02254. 

If  you  receive 
more  than 
one  copy  of 
the  Brandeis 
Review, 
please  attach 
the  extra 
labels  and 
return  to; 

Please  Help  Us 
Eliminate  Duplicate 
Mailings 

Brandeis  Review 
Brandeis  University 
Waltham,  Massachusetts 
02254 

When  we  receive  the  labels, 

the  code  on  each  one  will 

tell  us  where  to  eliminate 

duplications. 

Thank  you  for  your  help. 

Moving? 


Picnic  around  Masscll  IVuiJ 


PI 

■ 

1 

B^'^J 

f3 

m 

1 

fA 

Members  of  the  Class  of  '58 
entertaining  at  Quincy 
.Market. 


Since  we  don't  want  to 
lose  you, 

please  let  us  know  your 
new  address  . . . 


Name 


Address 


City 


State 


Zip 


Arthur  Brunwasser  '58  ot 
San  Francisco  and  Paula 
Dubofsky  Resnick  '6 1  of 
Chicago. 


Please  attach  the  label  from 
this  issue  of  the  Brandeis 
Review  indicating  your  old 
address  and  send  this  coupon 
to: 

Brandeis  Review 
Brandeis  University 
Waltham,  Massachusetts 
02254 


Alumni  Notes 


'52 

Burton  Berinsky's  New 

York  haberdashery,  ")ay 
Lord  Hatters,"  was  the 
subject  of  an  extensive 
article  in  the  February  issue 
of  Town  and  Country 
magazine.  Burt's  custom- 
made  hats  have  topped  such 
noteworthy  chents  as  Tom 
Wolfe,  Richard  Avedon,  and 
Joseph  Papp. 


'53 

H.  Peter  Metzger,  PhD  was 

appointed  to  the 
"Presidential  Rank  Review 
Board"  of  the  United  States 
Office  of  Personnel 
Management,  Washington, 
DC.  Also,  the  Archives  of 
the  Hoover  Institution  of 
Stanford  University  have 
been  designated  as  the 
repository  of  his  collected 
letters,  articles,  speeches 
and  research  files. 

The  Board  of  Directors  of  the 
Analogic  Corporation  in 
Wakefield,  Massachusetts, 
announced  the  recent 
election  of  |ulian  Soshnick 
as  vice  president,  lulian 
joined  Analogic  Corporation 
in  1981  as  legal  consultant. 


'54 

Wheaton  College  in  Norton, 
Massachusetts,  recently 
announced  the  appointment 
of  Hannah  Friedman 
Goldberg,  PhD  to  the 
position  of  provost.  Hannah 
has  been  an  education 
consultant  on  several 
projects,  and  most  recently, 
was  professor  of  history  and 
academic  dean  at  Antioch 
College.  She  begins  her  new 
position  August  1,  1983. 

Stuart  (General  Hospital) 
Damon  '58  isn't  the  only 
Brandeis  alumnus  breaking 
hearts  on  network 
television.  lerry  Douglas, 
known  to  former  classmates 
as  Gerald  Rubenstein,  can  be 
seen  daily  on  "The  Young 
and  the  Restless"  playing 
the  part  of  John  Abbott, 
cosmetics  tycoon. 


'55 

Charlotte  Langone  McElroy 

)oined  the  staff  of 
Hunneman  and  Company's 
Topsfield  Office.  She  brings 
with  her  fifteen  years  of 
experience  m  the  real  estate 
profession  in  Topsfield, 
Boxford,  and  surrounding 
towns. 

Harper  is  Row  has  published 
a  third  book  by  David 
Zimmerman  entitled  The 
Essential  Guide  to 
Non-Prescription  Drugs.  As 
a  medical  and  science  writer, 
David's  articles  have 
appeared  in  such 
publications  as  the  "New 
York  Times  Magazine," 
"Smithsonian," 
"Audubon,"  "Good 
Housekeeping,"  and 
"Science  '82."  Both  of  his 
previous  books  were  award 
winners:  To  Save  a  Bird  in 
Pen7  won  the  1976 
Christopher  Award;  and 
RH:  The  Intimate  History  of 
a  Disease  and  its  Conquests 
won  the  1973  American 
Medical  Writers' 
Association  Award  for 
Excellence. 


'57 

Robin  Brooks  was  recently 
promoted  to  colonel,  US 
Army  Reserve  and  has  been 
awarded  the  Army 
Commendation  Medal  for 
Meritonous  Service.  He  is 
associate  dean  of  students  at 
the  University  of 
Massachusetts- Amherst. 

Psychotherapist  Janet 
Cohen  David,  PhD  is  on  the 
staff  of  the  Center  for  the 
Study  of  Anorexia  and 
Bulimia  m  New  York.  She 
also  has  a  pnvate  practice 
and  specializes  in  those 
diseases. 


'59 

Donna  Medoff  Geller  has 

received  critical  acclaim  for 
her  recent  solo  piano 
performances  with  the 
Akron  Symphony 
Orchestra.  Donna  has  played 
with  the  orchestra  on  several 
occasions  since  her  debut 
performance  of  "Carnival  of 
the  Animals"  in  1973. 

Simon  Sargon's  composition 
"If  You  Will  It.  .."was 
recently  performed  at 
Temple  Israel  in  Boston  in 


celebration  of  Israel's  35th 
Anniversary.  Simon,  who 
has  been  music  director  of 
Temple  Emanu-El  in  Dallas, 
Texas,  since  1974  was 
commissioned  to  write  the 
cantata  by  Temple  Israel. 
That  performance  marked 
Its  world  premiere. 

Norman  J.  Treisman,  who 

served  as  deputy  treasurer  at 
Philip  Morris  Incorporated 
since  November  1980,  has 
also  been  appointed  senior 
vice  president  of  the  Philip 
Moms  Corporation. 
Norman  joined  Philip 
Morris  in  1961  as  sales 
representative  and  has 
served  m  several  different 
capacities. 

'60 

David  A.  Skovron  has  been 
named  chief  operating 
partner  of  Kwasha  Lipton,  an 
employee  benefits  and 
actuarial  consulting  firm 
located  in  Fort  Lee,  New 
Jersey.  David  lives  in  Saddle 
River,  New  Jersey. 

'61 

Alumni  Term  Trustee 
Donald  J.  Cohen,  MD,  who 

is  professor  of  pediatrics, 
psychiatry  and  psychology' 
at  the  Yale  School  of 
Medicine  and  an  authority 
on  mental  illness  in 
childhood,  has  been 
appointed  director  of  the 
Yale  Child  Study  Center. 
Founded  m  1947,  the  Center 
is  an  internationally 
recognized  mental  health 
facility  for  children.  Yale 
President  A.  Bartlett 
Giamatti  announced  the 
appointment  which  began  in 
July. 

Norman  L  Jacobs,  partner  m 
the  Boston  law  firm  of 
Esdaile,  Barrett  and  Esdaile, 
has  recently  been  admitted 
as  a  fellow  to  the  American 
College  of  Trial  Lawyers  and 
was  inducted  at  their  San 
Francisco  meeting.  Norman 
just  completed  a  four-year 
term  on  the  Commonwealth 
of  Massachusetts  Judicial 
Nominating  Commission 
where  he  was  charged  with 
the  responsibility  of 
approving  nominations  to 
all  judgeships  and  clerkships 
in  the  Commonwealth. 


'62 

Michael  D.  Birnbaum,  MD 

has  submitted  what  may  be 
the  most  unusual  birth 
announcement  ever 
received  by  an  alumni  office. 
Michael,  who  is  a 
reproductive 

endocrinologist  in  private 
practice,  is  also  the  founder 
of  Surrogate  Mothering  Ltd. 
—  the  only  surrogate 
mothering  program  on  the 
East  Coast.  The  program's 
first  baby  was  bom  in 
December,  1982. 

Chr>'sler  Corporation  has 
announced  the  appointment 
of  Daniel  S.  Hirshfield,  PhD 

to  the  position  of  director  of 
Communication  Programs. 
Daniel  comes  to  Chrysler 
from  Union  Carbide  where 
he  was  assistant  director  of 
Corporate  Communications. 


44 


'64 

Stuart  Paris  and  his  wife, 
Elaine,  are  pleased  to 
announce  the  birth  of  their 
son,  Michael  Rov,  bom 
March  27,  1983.' 


'65 

Helen  Alpert  Goldenberg 

has  made  a  career  change 
from  education  and  is  now 
working  as  a  computer 
programmer  on  cost  and 
payroll  accounting  systems 
for  the  New  York  State 
Department  of  Mental 
Hygiene.  Her  husband, 
Harvey,  also  a  programmer, 
taught  Helen  (and  their  two 
daughters,  Ilene,  9,  and 
Audrey,  71  how  to  program 
their  highly  sophisticated 
home  computer  system. 


The  Kemper  Group  of  Long 
Grove,  Illinois,  has 
announced  the  appointment 
of  Barbara  Bernstein  Roston 

as  associate  systems 
programming  officer  for  its 
pnncipal  companies. 
Barbara  joined  Kemper  as  a 
programmer  in  1970,  was 
named  a  supervisor  in  1978, 
project  leader  m  1980,  and 
assistant  manager  of  data 
processing  systems  m  1982. 


'66 

Marie  Lambert  Campbell 

and  her  husband,  lohn, 
announce  the  birth  of  Shaina 
Lark  Campbell  on  February 
6,  1983.  Briana,  7,  and  Cara, 
6,  are  Shama's  older  sisters. 

The  Peking  Mandate,  a 
novel  written  by  Peter  Siris, 
was  scheduled  for  June 
publication  by  G.  P.  Putnam 
and  Sons.  The  book,  Peter's 
first,  IS  an  adventure  novel 
set  in  China  in  1976  and  tells 
the  story  of  Mao's  wife,  liang 
Qing,  and  the  Gang  of  Four. 


'67 

Congratulations  to  Sheldon 
Glass,  MD  and  his  wife, 
Wanda,  on  the  birth  of  their 
third  boy,  Ricky.  Sheldon  is 
in  private  practice  in 
Brooklyn. 

Steven  M.  Goldstein  has 

been  appointed  associate 
dean  at  Florida  State 
University  beginning  this 
August. 

'68 

Peter  and  Deborah  Dubowy 
'69  Battis  have  written  and 
produced  a  series  of  plays  for 
children.  "The  Girl  Who 
Followed  Her  Dreams"  and 
"The  Spider  and  the  Fox" 
were  presented  at  the  Barton 
Se^uare  Playhouse  in  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  this  past 
March.  Peter  is  assistant 
director  of  the  Inpatient 
Psychiatry  Unit  at  North 
Shore  Children's  F^ospltal  in 
Salem.  Deborah  teaches 
theatre  at  two  schools  in 
Beverly. 

'69 

Peter  Alter  has  been 

appointed  senior  partner  in 
the  law  firm  of  Flonigman 
Miller  Schwartz  &.  Cohn.  In 
addition,  he  has  been  active 
in  a  number  of  Jewish 
community  activities 
including  the  United 
lewish  Appeal  National 
Young  Leadership  Cabinet 
Executive  Committee  and 
the  Anti-Defamation  League 
of  B'nai  B'rith's  National 
Executive  Committee. 


Neil  B.  Kaufhnan  has 

established  a  practice  as  a 
registered  investment 
adviser.  Based  at  the 
Philadelphia  Stock 
Exchange  Building,  he 
provides  independent  advice 
on  investment  opportunities 
and  personal  finance.  He 
holds  an  MBA  from  Wharton 
Business  School  as  well  as  an 
EdD  from  Harvard.  His  wife, 
Barbara,  joined  Philadelphia 
Capital  after  graduating 
from  Harvard  Business 
School  in  June  1982. 


'70 

Theodore  L  Benzer,  MD  has 

been  appointed  doctor  in 
charge  of  the  new 
Immediate  Care  Center  at 
the  Berkshire  Medical 
Center.  The  IMC  is  a  low 
cost,  walk-in  facility  for 
non-emergency  treatment. 

Andrew  Langsam,  MD  joins 
the  Department  of 
Emergency  Medicine  at  the 
Wilmington  Medical  Center 
in  Delaware.  His  wife, 
Cabella,  and  their  two  sons, 
Caleb  and  Joshua,  will 
accompany  him  on  his  move 
from  Nashville,  Tennessee. 

Ronnie  Scherer  and  her 

husband,  Peter  Jerry,  are 
delighted  to  announce  the 
birth  of  their  son,  Michael 
Scott,  on  September  17, 
1982,  in  New  York  City. 

'71 

Paul  and  Louise  Arthur 
Bikoff  announce  the  arrival 
of  Daniel  Ross  on  November 
29,  1982.  Daniel  Ross  loins 
brother  Jay  and  sister 
Rachel. 

Rabbi  Beniamin  Z. 
Kreitman,  executive 
vice-president  of  the  United 
Synagogue  of  America,  has 
announced  the  appointment 
of  Victoria  Free  to  the 
newly-created  position  of 
public  relations  director. 
Victoria  was  previously 
assistant  to  the  director  of 
public  relations  at  the 
American  Jewish  Congress. 

Neysa  Pritikin  has  received  a 
master's  in  business 
administration  from 
Northern  Illinois  University. 


Marilyn  Salasky  Siegel  and 

Ken  Siegel  happily  announce 
the  birth  of  their  son,  Daniel 
llan,  born  December  20, 
1982  in  Virginia  Beach, 
Virginia. 

Margo  Hausdorff  Vale,  MD 
and  Michael  Vale,  MD 

announce  the  birth  of  a 
daughter,  Judith  Naomi,  on 
November  2,  1982.  She  ]oins 
brother  Edward  Paul,  IVi 
years  old.  Margo  and 
Michael  both  practice 
dermatology  in  Huntington, 
New  York. 


'72 

Bruce  Havumaki  and  Erica 
Fox  Havumaki  '76  report 
recent  accomplishments 
from  their  home  in 
Brooklme,  Massachusetts. 
Bruce  completed  his 
master's  in  business 
administration  with  honors 
from  Bostt)n  University  this 
past  May  and  is  employed  by 
Chase  Econometrics- 
Interactive  Data  in 
Waltham.  Erica  is  a 
management  education 
specialist  with  Digital 
Equipment  Corporation  in 
Bedford,  Massachusetts. 

Michal  Regunberg  was  one 

of  four  outstanding  women 
in  the  communications 
profession  recognized  by  the 
Boston  Professional 
Chapter  of  Women  in 
Communications  with  its 
highest  honor,  The  Matrix 
Award.  Michal  is  currently 
the  director  of  editorials  and 
public  affairs  for  WEEI-AM 
and  IS  known  for  her 
hard-hitting  editorial  style. 
Her  critically  acclaimed 
public  service  editorials 
have  focused  on  the 
problems  of  runaways,  racial 
tensions  in  Boston,  and  the 
tragedy  of  child  abuse. 

'73 

Lisa  Tartikoff  Rosenthal  and 

her  husband,  Mark, 
announce  the  birth  of  their 
second  daughter,  Lindsay 
Nicole,  on  December  23, 
1982.  She  joins  sister  Emily, 
3'/2  years  old.  Lisa  is  on  leave 


from  her  position  as 
assistant  professor  of 
English  as  a  Second 
Language  at  The  College  of 
Notre  Dame  while  she  takes 
care  of  her  family.  She  is  also 
completing  her  second 
textbook,  Academic 
Reading  for  International 
Students,  to  be  published  by 
Prentice-Hall,  Inc.  in  1983. 

Lawrence  R.  Gardner  has 

been  appointed  assistant 
professor  of  education  at 
Teacher's  College, 
Columbia  University.  He 
also  holds  the  position  of 
coordinator  of  the  Program 
for  Teachers  of  the  Visually 
Impaired. 


'74 

Samuel  Brett  and  his  wife, 
Jill  Warren  Brett,  share  with 
classmates  the  news  of  the 
birth  of  their  daughter,  Jamie 
Warren,  born  January  23, 
1983. 

Steven  T.  Ruby,  MD  has 

recently  moved  back  to 
Boston  from  New  York  after 
completing  his  residency  in 
general  surgery  at  Columbia- 
Presbyterian  Medical 
Center.  Steven  is  currently  a 
fellow  in  vascular  surgery  at 
the  Brigham  and  Women's 
Hospital  in  Boston. 

'75 

Alison  Brager  Bass  is 

currently  senior  editor  of 
"Technology  Review,"  a 
national  science  and 
technology  magazine 
published  at  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of 
Technology. 

Bruce  Warren  Johnson  and 

Linda  Ginette  Pollack  were 
married  on  August  21,  1982, 
on  Star  Island  off 
Portsmouth,  New 
Hampshire.  Both  have 
changed  their  last  names  to 
Pollack-Johnson.  Bruce 
completed  his  PhD  in 
operations  research  at  the 
Wharton  School  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania 
and  has  accepted  a  three- 
year,  tenure-track  position 
at  Oberlin  College  in  Ohio 
where  he  will  head  a 
specialized  program  for 
math  majors. 


Norman  R.  Kleinberg 

has  been  appointed 
administrative  editor  of  the 
Outlet  Book  Company,  a 
division  of  Crown 
Pubhshers. 

Ruth  Horwitz  Mindick  is 

currently  living  in  Ithaca, 
Nevv  York,  and  working  at 
Comell  University  as  a 
research  assistant  to  her 
husband,  Dr.  Burton 
Mindick,  doing 
psychological  research. 
They  were  married 
December  18,  1982,  and  are 
expecting  a  child  in  early 
October. 

Frances  Rosenbaum  and  her 
husband,  Robert  L. 
Ginsberg,  announce  the 
birth  of  their  first  child, 
Jonathan  Zachary  Ginsberg, 
December  23,  1982. 

After  clerking  for  one  year 
with  United  States  Distnct 
Court  ludge  Vincent  L. 
Brodenck  of  the  Southern 
Distnct  of  New  York  in 
Manhattan,  Michael  A. 
Schwartz  is  now  working  in 
the  Appeals  Bureau  of  the 
Manhattan  district 
attorney's  office  arguing 
appeals  on  behalf  of  the 
people  of  the  State  of  New 
York  m  the  appellate  courts. 
Michael  is  the  first  deaf 
assistant  district  attorney  in 
the  history  of  that  office. 

"Cosmopolitan  Magazine" 
has  accepted  a  short  story  by 
Liane  Kupferberg  Carter  for 
publication.  Liane  continues 
as  director  of  publicity  and 
promotion  for  the  Pilgrim 
Press  in  New  York  City. 


76 

Debra  Chemick,  now  living 
m  North  Stonington, 
Connecticut,  has  joined  the 
New  London  and  Groton 
law  firm  of  Suisman, 
Shapiro,  Wool,  Brennan, 
Gray  and  Faulkner.  Debra 
received  her  law  degree 
from  the  University  of 
Connecticut  School  of  Law 
in  May  1982. 


The  Great  East  River  Bridge, 
a  catalog  commemorating 
the  centennial  of  the 
Brooklyn  Bridge,  included  an 
essay  by  Lewis  Kachur.  A 
related  exhibition  was  on 
view  at  the  Brooklyn 
Museum  this  past  spnng. 

Corporate  lawyer  )ulieanna 
Richardson  has  been  named 
assistant  administrator  of 
the  Chicago  Cable 
Commission.  The 
commission  was  recently 
established  by  former  Mayor 
lane  Byrne  to  oversee  the 
implementation  of  Cable 
TV  in  the  Chicago  area. 

Sarah  Spivak  Woolf  and 
Louis  Woolf  announce  the 
birth  of  their  daughter, 
Rebecca,  on  December  23, 
1982,  at  Beth  Israel  Hospital 
in  Boston. 


77 

Michael  Bien  and  Jane  Kahn 

announce  the  birth  of  a  son, 
Benjamin  Bien-Kahn,  on 
May  19,  1982.  They  are 
living  m  San  Francisco 
where  Mike  is  an  attorney 
with  Brobeck,  Phlager  and 
Harrison.  Jane  is  completing 
her  third  year  of  law  school 
at  the  University  of  San 
Francisco. 

A  son,  Keith  Andrew,  was 
bom  to  Jay  Pabian  and  his 

wife,  Audrey,  on  May  12, 
1982.  He  IS  their  first  child. 

Lorrie  Shook  writes  that  she 
is  living  in  New  York  City 
and  practicing  law  as  a  first 
year  associate  for  the  firm  of 
Kaye,  Scholer,  Fierman, 
Hays  &  Handler.  She 
married  Dr.  Lloyd  Douglas 
Berkowitz  March  5,  1983,  in 
Stamford,  Connecticut. 
Lloyd  is  a  graduate  of  Mount 
Sinai  Medical  College  and  a 
fellow  at  Memorial  Sloan- 
Kettering  Cancer  Center. 


78 

Amy  Levenson  McGill  and 

husband  Hugh  are  happy  to 
announce  the  birth  of  their 
son,  Evan  Alexander,  bom 
Apnl2,  1983. 


79 

Mohammad  Faisal  has 

received  his  medical  degree 
from  Albert  Einstein  College 
of  Medicine  m  Bronx,  New 
York,  and  will  begin  a 
residency  in  internal 
medicine  at  Harlem 
Hospital  this  summer. 
Mohammad  is  living  m  the 
Bronx  with  his  wife,  Kazi 
Tahmida  Aziz,  whom  he 
married  in  Dacca, 
Bangladesh,  m  luly  1982. 

Karen  J.  Levenson  has 

founded  the  company, 
Literary  Syndications,  and  is 
currently  publishing  a 
newspaper  for  college 
students  in  Massachusetts 
called  "College  Man, 
College  Woman."  A  second 
newspaper,  yet  untitled,  is 
scheduled  for  September. 
Her  play,  "Andrew,  Are  You 
Listening,"  was  produced  in 
Boston,  and  a  collection  of 
poems  was  published  in  the 
American  Anthology  of 
Poetry. 

'80 

Janis  Boyarsky  Schiff 

graduated  from  Suffolk 
University  Law  School  m 
June  and  with  her  husband, 
Philip,  has  moved  to 
Bethesda,  Maryland.  Jams 
has  accepted  a  judicial 
clerkship  with  Judge  Alan 
Wilnerof  the  Mar>'land 
Court  of  Special  Appeals 
while  Philip  will  be  an 
associate  with  the 
Washington  law  firm  of 
Lillick,  McHose  and 
Charles. 

Nancy  Sorkin,  assistant  to 
the  director  of  personnel  at 
the  Massachusetts  College 
of  Art,  was  married 
November  27,  1982,  to 
Ralph  Koretsky  of  Maiden, 
Massachusetts.  Ralph  is  a 
sales  manager  for  Burroughs 
Corporation. 


'81 

Jay  Inwald  is  serving  as 
notes  editor  for  the  George 
Washington  Law  Review 
and  will  be  working  this 
summer  as  an  associate  in 
New  York  City  at  the  firm  of 
Kaye,  Scholer,  Fierman, 
Hays  N  Handler.  Jay  also 
reports  on  the  wedding  of 
Beth  Shenfeld  and  John 
Connolly  on  August  14, 
1983. 

Lois  Krupnick  has  received 
her  master's  in  business 
administration  from  Pace 
University  and  has  been 
nominated  for  two 
professional  distinctions: 
the  American  Stock 
Exchange  Fellowship  and 
the  Wall  Street  Journal 
Student  Achievement 
Award.  Her  master's  thesis 
was  entitled  "A  Primer  for 
the  Commodities  Hedger." 

Pamela  (Pennyl  Rosenthal 

has  been  named  promotion 
coordinator  for  Delacorte 
Books  for  Young  Readers, 
Dell  Yearling,  and 
Laurel-Leaf  Books. 


'82 

Nicolas  Bemheim  is  living 
in  Los  Angeles  and  working 
for  KCOP-TV  as  an  editorial 
assistant.  Recent  projects 
have  included  coverage  of 
the  1 983  Academy  Awards. 
Nicolas  sends  greetings  to 
former  classmates  and 
professors. 

Sharon  Silberman,  who  will 
begin  her  first  year  of  law 
school  this  fall,  reports  that 
she  IS  spending  the  summer 
travelling  through  Europe 
with  Sarah  Usher  '84,  Beth 
Lang  '83,  and  Robert  Yee  '83. 
Prior  to  her  tour  of  the 
continent,  Sharon  was 
communications  director 
for  Marca  Industries  in 
Chicago. 

Benjamin  Westervelt  has 

been  awarded  the  Mellon 
Fellowship  m  the 
Humanities  for  1983/84. 
This  award  was  created  by 
the  Andrew  W.  Mellon 
Foundation  m  response  to 
rising  concern  over  the 
increasing  number  of  young 
people  with  scholarly 
potential  who  are  not 
entenng  academic  careers. 


46 


Graduates 


Become  Part 

of  the 

Brandeis  Network 


70 

47   Howard  Marblestone  |MS, 

McditLTianfan  Studies  '66, 
PhD  Mediterranean 
Studies),  associate  professor 
of  languages  at  Lafayette 
College  in  Hasten, 
Pennsylvania,  has  returned 
this  semester  from  a 
seven-month  sabbatical  in 
Israel.  He  and  his  family 
lived  m  lerusalem  where 
Howard  worked  on  several 
projects,  chiefly  the 
translation  into  English  and 
adaptation  of  Professor 
Nathan  Spiegel's  new  book. 
The  History  of  Greek 
Tragedy.  While  in  lerusalem 
he  lectured  at  Hebrew 
University  on  the  topic, 
"Homer:  The  Greatest  Poet, 
and  the  Transfigurations  of 
His  Image  in  Late  Greek 
Literature." 

Richard  Rowland  ( PhD, 

Hellerl  has  been  appointed 
to  Massachusetts  Governor 
Michael  Dukakis'  cabinet 
and  will  serve  as  state 
secretary  of  Elderly  Affairs. 
For  the  past  seven  years, 
Richard  has  worked  as 
executive  director  of  the 
Massachusetts  Association 
of  Older  Americans  and 
since  1979  served  as  director 
of  the  College  of  Public  and 
Community  Ser\'ice  at 
UMass-Boston. 


71 

Choate-Symmes  Health 
Services  Inc.  has  announced 
the  appointment  of  Jane 
Gaudette  Jones  (PhD, 

Hellerl  to  the  position  of 
vice-president  for 
ambulatory  and  community 
services.  Prior  to  her 
appointment  at  Choate- 
Symmes,  lane  was  director 
of  community  affairs  at  the 
Tufts  New  England  Medical 
Center  and  associate 
professor  and  assistant  dean 
for  educational  affairs  at 
Tufts  University  School  of 
Medicine. 

Robert  R.  Stieglitz  (PhD, 
Mediterranean  Studies)  has 
been  promoted  to  associate 
professor  in  the  Department 
of  Hebraic  Studies  at  Rutgers 
University.  Robert  has  been 
chairman  of  the  department 
since  1981. 


73 

Leonard  S.  Levin  (PhD, 
History  of  Ideas)  of  Oak 
Park,  Illinois,  has  been 
named  financial 
information  officer  in  the 
operations  and  management 
services  department  of 
Continental  Bank  in 
Chicago,  Illinois. 

74 

Bowdom  College  Professor 
of  Anthropology  David  L 
Kertzer  (PhD  Anthropology) 
IS  co-editor  with  Michael 
Kenny  of  "Urban  Life  in 
Mediterranean  Europe: 
Anthropological 
Perspectives."  He  is 
currently  on  sabbatical 
leave,  serving  as  a  fellow  at 
the  Center  for  Advanced 
Study  in  the  Behavioral 
Sciences  at  Stanford 
University. 

75 

Roberts.  Caulk  (PhD, 

Heller)  has  recently  accepted 
the  position  of  director  of  the 
social  services  division, 
department  of  Human 
Services  in  Multnomah 
County  (Portland),  Oregon. 
As  director  of  the  new 
division,  Caulk  will  be  the 
administrator  for  all  County 
mental  health  services,  a 
consolidation  which 
includes,  amongst  other 
community  action 
programs,  the  alcohol  and 
drug  program,  the  mental 
retardation/developmental 
disabilities  program  and  the 
mental  or  emotional 
disabilities  program. 

James  F.Haley,  Jr.  (PhD, 

Chemistry)  has  been  named 
associate  of  the  law  firm  of 
Fish  &  Neave  in  New  York 
City.  While  studying 
chemistry  with  Professor 
Philip  Keehn  at  Brandeis, 
lim  was  also  attending 
Suffolk  Law  School  at  night 
from  which  he  obtained  his 
LL.B. 


'80 

Michael  Cox  (PhD, 

Biochemistry)  also  received 
a  five-year  grant  from  the 
Milwaukee  Foundation.  He 
is  currently  at  the 
University  of  Wisconsin. 

'81 

Howard  Stanislawski  (MA, 

Polities  '72;  PhD,  Politics), 
lecturer  in  political  science 
at  Boston  College,  recently 
discussed  the  subject  of 
conflicting  perspectives  in 
Amenca  and  Israel  in 
implementing  foreign 
policy  goals  as  part  of 
the  Social  Action 
Committee  lecture  series. 
He  is  also  a  seminar  leader  at 
the  lohn  F.  Kennedy  School 
of  Government  at  Harvard 
University. 

Peter  Child  (MA,  Music 
Theory  and  Composition 
'78;  PhD,  Music  Theory  and 
Composition)  is  one  of  five 
composers  who  have 
won  the  New  Works 
Competition  sponsored 
by  the  New  England 
Conservatory  and  the 
Massachusetts  Council  on 
the  Arts  and  Humanities. 
Peter's  winning  composition, 
"Ensemblance  for  seven 
instruments  and  stereo 
tape,"  was  performed  by  the 
NEC  Contemporary 
Ensemble  in  concerts 
throughout  Massachusetts. 
Child  is  a  member  of  the 
faculty  at  the  New  England 
Conservatory. 


77 

The  Milwaukee  Foundation 
has  awarded  a  five-year 
research  grant  to  Peter  J. 
Wejksnora  (PhD,  Biology) 
who  IS  currently  at  the 
University  of  Wisconsin  at 
Madison. 


The  fact  that  the  majority  of  top 
administrators  of  Fortime  500  companies 
hold  liberal  arts  degrees  underscores  the 
versatility  of  a  liberal  arts  education. 
Brandeis  students,  however,  need  specific 
information  on  how  to  translate  the  high 
quality,  liberal  arts  education  they 
receive  at  Brandeis  directly  to  the  world 
of  work.  Up-to-date  information  on  career 
and  work  environments  is  essential  to 
students  in  the  midst  of  career  decision- 
making. You  can  play  an  active  role  in 
assisting  students  investigate  and  learn 
about  career  options,  trends,  and  job 
hunting  techniques.  Join  the  Brandeis 
network  and  spread  the  word  about  us!! 


Yes, 

I  would  like  to  assist 

Brandeis 

undergraduates 

and 

graduate  students. 

I  am  willing  to: 

D 

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occupation  in  the 

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January  1984 

Shadow  Program 

D 

Assist  in  developing 

internships 

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opportunities 


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availabihty  notices 

from  my 

organization 

n 

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in  career  programs 

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representative  from 

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Letters  to  the 
Editor 


Dear  Editor: 

1  regularly  look  forward  to 
receiving  your  publication 
and  to  reading  the 
observations  ot  the  best 
minds  at  Brandeis  on 
national  and  international 
affairs.  The  articles  generally 
provide  fresh  and  inquisitive 
ideas  on  challenging  issues. 
Unfortunately,  this  was  not 
the  case  with  Gordon 
Fellman's  article,  "Cliched 
Responses  to  Israeli  Policy 
Mock  Jewish  Moral 
Tradition"  (Spring,  '83). 

Contrary  to  what  Fellman 
implies  in  his  title,  there  is 
nothing  new  or  courageous 
about  criticizing  Israeli 
policies.  All  that  amounts 
to,  in  his  case,  is  adopting 
the  arguments  of  those  who 
work  for  Israel's 
demoralization  and 
weakness. 

Perhaps  Fellman  loses  me 
when  he  describes  the 
current  situation  in  Israel  in 
terms  of  "nationalism" 
versus  "ethical  vision."  It 
strikes  me  as  both  simplistic 
and  presumptuous  of 
Fellman  to  transpose  a 
complex  conflict  into  worn 
socialist  rhetoric,  aligning 
himself  with  the 
righteousness  of  the 
prophets  while  condemning 
nationalism  to  the  bad  guys. 
The  purposefulriess  and 
beauty  of  [ewish 
nationalism  has  a  history 
which  extends  back  to  the 
prophets  themselves  and 
before.  The  Labor  Zionists 
play  a  part  in  this  history, 
but  It  is  only  one  part  of  a 
multi-dimensional 
patchwork  and  claims  no 
monopoly  on  an  ethical 
route  to  lewish 
self-determination. 

Fellman  further  diminishes 
what  credibility  his  words 
may  have  by  crying  "cliche!" 
at  anyone  who  disagrees 
with  him,  to  the  point  that 
the  article  begins  to 
resemble  an  adult  chorus  of 
"sticks  and  stones." 

American  Jews  with  courage 
are  those  who  withstand  the 
pressures  of  such  "true" 
friends  of  Israel,  who  do 
little  more  than  couch  the 


arguments  of  Israel's 
enemies  in  their  professed 
anguish.  Fellman  may 
sincerely  believe  that  his 
objectives  differ  from  those 
of  the  enemies  of  the  State  of 
Israel.  But  in  voicing  his 
"soul-searching"  criticism 
(together  with  his  own  army 
of  tired  cliches!  the  effects  of 
his  words  and  theirs  are  very 
much  the  same.  They  both 
serve  to  promote  the  myth 
that  It  is  in  Israel's  power  to 
achieve  peace.  In  fact,  as  we 
see  from  day  to  day,  peace 
will  come  only  when  Arab 
states  overcome  their 
intransigence  and  announce 
that  they  are  finally  willing 
to  accept  the  reality  of 
Israel's  existence. 

I  am  disappointed  that  your 
magazine  could  not  find  a 
spokesperson  with  fresher, 
more  imaginative  insights 
on  the  Arab-Israeli  conflict. 

Sincerely, 

lennifer  A.  Roskies,  '80 

Brighton,  Massachusetts 


of  Jewish  professors.  Similar 
though  not  as  drastic 
comments  expressing 
hostility  and  mistrust  were 
made  to  me  by  Middle 
Eastern  professors  and 
students  visiting  Oxtord 
University. 

Since  fear  and  suspicion  are 
so  great  on  both  sides  that 
even  an  elementary  flow  of 
ideas  becomes  threatening. 
It  IS  all  the  more  important 
to  encourage  open 
discussion. 

The  issues  that  engender 
such  fear,  suspicion,  and 
mistrust  must  be  dealt  with 
openly  m  general  discussion 
as  well  as  in  negotiations. 

Sincerely, 

Marilvn  Reuschemeyer 

PhD,  '78 

Assistant  Professor  of 

Sociology 

Rhode  Island  School  of 

Design 

Providence,  Rhode  Island 


Dear  Editor: 


Dear  Editor: 

I  have  just  read  Gordon 
Fellman's  article  in  the 
Brandeis  Review  and 
thought  It  was  excellent  and 
beautifully  written.  I  am 
ver>-  glad  that  the  Brandeis 
Review  printed  it. 

I  believe  there  are  many  fears 
on  all  sides  that  have  to  be 
dealt  with.  One  fear  from 
educated  and  liberal  lews 
that  I  meet  is  whether 
criticism  of  Israel  serves  an 
American  policy  that  is 
unclear  to  them,  and  fear 
that  ultimately  such 
criticism  IS  dangerous  to 
Israel.  Since  most  people  are 
uncertain  about  the  aims  of 
the  United  States,  they  fear 
open  criticism. 

Israel  does  live  in  a  hostile 
environment,  yet  another 
fear  that  Fellman  also  speaks 
about  is  the  fear  of  Israel  by 
Arabs.  This,  too,  often 
results  in  a  closing  of 
communications.  I  have 
heard  of  Eg>'ptian  graduate 
students  in  this  countr>'  who 
shun  even  technical  lectures 


As  a  survivor  of 

concentration  camp,  it  was 

with  great  sorrow  that  I  read   crime 

Mr.  Gordon  Fellman's 

article  (Spring  '83). 


to  the  legitimate  bearers  of 
the  Jewish  Socialist 
Movement. 

In  his  reference  to  "some 
people"  who  have  warned 
the  world  that  Zionism  will 
lead  to  "domination  of  Jews 
over  another  people"  he 
obviously  refers  to  the 
Grand  Mufti,  Hitler,  Stalin, 
Arafat  and  their  friends;  and 
he  seems  to  agree  with 
them. . . . 

He  further  talks  about  the 
"sufferings  the  Israeli 
Government  inflicted  on 
others."  What  is  he  talking 
about?  I  hope  he  does  not 
mean  arresting  the  terrorists 
or  maybe  the  hanging  of 
Eichmann. 

His  innuendos  about  the 
massacres  in  the  Sabra  (yes, 
we  noticed  the  irony  of  the 
name!  and  Shatila  camps  are 
making  it  sound  as  if  the 
Jews  have  gone  in  there  and 
done  the  killings.  Why  does 
he  not  show  concern  about 
the  fact  that  nothing  is  being 
done,  and  nobody  is  crying 
for  the  finding  and  punishing 
of  those  who  have 
perpetrated  this  terrible 


48 


Any  idea  he  does  not  agree 
with  he  calls  "cliches." 
What  about  slogans, 
innuendos  and  great 
distortions  of  truth?  Let's 
begin  with  the  fact  that  I'm 
not  "establishment."  My 
concerns  are  for  a  place  that 
lews  can  go  to  when  they 
have  to,  a  place  we  can  call 
our  own  and  not  be  trapped 
as  we  were  in  Europe.  A 
place  where  Mr.  J. 
Timmerman  can  go  to  and 
find  freedom  to  abuse  his 
government.  I  believe  that 
those  concerns  are  ethical. 

Emancipation  of  the 
European  Jewry  was  not  the 
answer  to  most  and  not 
"some"  thinkers  and  to  say 
that  Mapai  is  not  socialistic 
is  an  insult  to  Mr.  Ben 
Gurion,  Mrs.  Meir,  Mr. 
Peretz  and  all  their  fellow 
party  members.  It  seems 
that  Mr.  Fellman  prefers  the 
small  fanatic  fringe  groups 


I  want  to  bring  up  only  one 
more  lie;  the  most  ternble 
one.  This  twisting  of  truth 
from  a  man  who  talks  about 
ethics  is  below  contempt. 
He  attempts  to  excuse  the 
terrorists,  all  the  cowardly 
killings  of  innocent  men, 
women  and  children.  He 
implies  that  their  actions  in 
Israel  and  m  Europe  are 
instigated  by  the  Jews.  This 
pseudo-mtellectual  says: 
"When  after  one  strike  or 
another  against  Palestinians 
or  Lebanese  there  is  an 
attack  on  Jews. . . .  The 
attackers  are  surely 
responding  to  actions  of  the 
Israeli  Government. ..." 
Not  even  Arafat  has  made 
such  a  claim. 

As  long  as  Gordon  Fellmans 
can  spout  their  vicious 
propaganda  and  try  to  twist 
young  people's  minds,  the 
death  of  the  six  million  Jews 
was  in  vain;  no  lesson  was 
learned. 

Paul  Orlan 
Hollywood,  Florida 


Dear  Editor: 

The  article  by  Gordon 
Fellman  in  the  spring  issue, 
"Chched  Responses  to 
Israeli  Policy,"  is,  perhaps, 
very  much  in  line  with  that 
strain  ot  thinking  in  the 
Brandeis  community  that 
made  it  possible  for  Andrew 
Young,  and  not  Menachem 
Begin,  to  receive  an  honorary 
degree  from  Brandeis  in 
1978,  the  thirtieth 
anniversary  of  the  founding 
of  Brandeis  and  the 
independence  of  the  State  of 
Israel.  To  my  knowledge, 
Menachem  Begin  lacks  for 
no  critics  within  the 
Brandeis  community  or  the 
American  Jewish 
community.  Those  opposed 
to  Begin,  however,  betray, 
from  time  to  time,  a 
discomfiture  with  the 
possible  consequences  of 
their  anti-Begin  distaste  and 
find  It  necessary  to  seek  the 
stifling  of  then  critics,  while 
they  send  a  steady  stream  of 
anti-Begin  criticism  to  The 
New  York  Times. 

It  IS  unfortunate  that  the 
anti-Begin  critics  pause  not  a 
moment  to  consider 
whether  their  outbursts  pay 
tribute  to  truth,  even  unto 
Its  innermost  parts.  I  find  no 
truth  in  Fellman's  assertion 
that  Prime  Minister  Begin 
has  taken  "the  bully's  easy 
way  out:  the  use  of  force  as  a 
cornerstone  of  foreign 
policy."  This  bizarre 
assertion  ignores  the  fact 
that  with  the  current 
exception  of  Egypt,  the  State 
of  Israel  has  been  at  war  with 
the  Arab  states  since  1948. 
Fellman  seems  to  accept,  at 
least  with  regard  to  the  Begin 
government,  the  Arab  ploy 
to  obtain  a  state  of  unilateral 
belligerency:  the  Arabs  may 
be  at  war  with  the  |ewish 
State;  the  Jewish  State  is  to 
be  condemned  when  it 
responds  in  kind. 

Fellman  is  sadly  blind  to  the 
fact  that  the  current 
situation  m  the  Middle  East 


is  very  much  a  reflection  of 
Arab  animus  towards  the 
State  of  Israel  —  and  has  very 
little  to  do  with  the 
personalities  in  any  given 
Israeli  government.  The 
Arabs,  after  all,  never 
entered  into  peace  treaties 
when  Labor  was  in  power. 

Truth  also  requires  us  to 
recognize  that  current 
distaste  for  Israel,  evident  in 
the  highest  strata  of  the  U.S. 
government,  is  also  very 
much  a  part  of  that  mind-set 
that  moved  to  prevent  peace 
between  Hussein's 
grandfather  and  Israel  in  the 
1948-49  period  that 
maintained  an 
"even-handed"  arms 
embargo  on  Israel  and  the 
Arab  states  while  Arab 
armies  sought  the 
destruction  of  Israel.  Chaim 
Weizmann  sent  a  letter  to 
President  Truman  m 
January,  1949  that  indicated 
astonishment  that 
Washington  should  pressure 
Israel  not  to  fight  so  hard 
against  the  Arabs  while  the 
U.S.  supported  Egyptian 
membership  on  the  U.N. 
Security  Council  when 
Egyptian  troops  were  on 
Israeli  soil.  No,  the 
anti-Israel  stance  taken  by 
Mr.  Weinberger  is  not  a 
knee-jerk  reaction  to 
Menachem  Begin  but  rather 
faithful  to  that  invidious 
mind-set  in  Washington  that 
has  found  assertions  of 
Jewish  self-determination 
bothersome.  Prof.  Fellman 
indicates  that  this  invidious 
mind-set  is  not  limited  to 
non-|ews. 

Sincerely, 

David  R.  Zukerman  '62 

Bronx,  New  York 


Dear  Editor: 

I  read  with  great  interest 
Gordon  Fellman's  article  in 
the  Brandeis  Review.  In  the 
past  I  have  written  letters  m 
the  same  vein  which  were 
printed  in  the  San  Francisco 
Jewish  Bulletin.  At  one 
point  this  activity  even 
earned  me  some  hate  calls 
and  death  threats  from  IDL 
types.  I  flirted  with  an 
organization  some  years  ago 
called  Breira,  but  frankly 
was  turned  off  by  the  usual 


sprinkling  of  arrogant 
Israelis  spouting  irritating 
cliches  he  so  articulately 
described.  1  am  still 
interested  in  some  outlet  for 
my  passion  on  the  subject  as 
well  as  enthusiastic  about 
making  contact  with  some 
sensible  like-minded  folks 
who  see  the  current  Israeli 
government  taking  all  of  us 
toward  tragedy. 

Although  my  time  is  limited 
by  responsibility  in  a 
demanding  governmental 
position,  I  can  make  some 
energy  available  for 
something  in  this  sphere. 

Sincerely, 

Sandy  Weimer,  M.D. 

Encino,  California 


Dear  Editor: 

The  Brandeis  Review 
(Spring  '83)  was  a  pleasure  to 
receive  and  to  read.  The 
articles  were  fine  and  the 
layout  attractive.  Finally,  an 
A-1  alumni/ae  periodical! 

Two  comments:  (1)1 
couldn't  find  the  "Brandeis 
Bookshelf"  section.  Where 
was  It?  (2)  In  the  class  notes, 
it  might  be  nice  to  vary  some 
of  the  third  person  style  of 
reporting  with  some  first 
person  quotes,  if  appealingly 
written.  For  example,  class 
of  '55  wnte-up  of  Matthew 
Derby  is  made  more 
interesting  to  read  than  most 
of  the  others  because  of  the 
personal  touch  the  direct 
quotes  give. 

Thank  you  for  all  the  work 
that  has  obviously  gone  into 
th\s  Review. 

Sincerely, 

Susan  Schulak  Katcher  '67 

Madison,  Wisconsin 


Editor's  Note 

The  "Bookshelf"  is  being 
omitted  for  lack  of  space. 


Dear  Editor: 

Though  my  wife  and  I  did 
not  attend  Brandeis 
University,  we  are  on  the 
mailing  list  for  the  Brandeis 
Review.  We  want  to 
congratulate  Ruth 
Morgenthau  on  her  article  in 
the  Spring  1983  issue  of  the 
Brandeis  Review. 

The  article  concisely 
outlined  and  underscored 
the  problem  of  hunger,  and 
described  a  very  realistic  and 
practical  approach  for 
combatting  hunger.  It  seems 
that  the  CILCA  approach 
described  in  her  article  really 
brings  results. 

Congratulations  to  Mrs. 
Morgenthau  on  her  efforts  m 
fighting  world  hunger,  and 
congratulations  on  her 
article  in  the  Brandeis 
Review. 

Very  truly  yours, 
Richard  S.  Friedman 
New  Orleans,  Louisiana 


Nominations  Sought 

The  Alumni  Term  Trustee 
Nominating  Committee 
convenes  in  October. 
Nominations  may  be  sent  to 
Gladys  jacobson,  director  of 
alumni  relations,  no  later 
than  September  30,  1983. 


University  Press  of  New  England 


Hanover  and  London 


Brandeis  University  is  part  of 
University  Press  of  New  England,  whose 
otlier  member  institutions  are 
Brown  University,  Clark  University, 
Dartmouth  College, 

University  of  New  Hampshire,  University  of 
Rhode  Island,  Tufts  University,  and 
University  of  Vermont. 


Bi^andeis  Univerekx^  Pi^ess 


"The  exploration  of  truth  to  its  innermost  parts" 


Richard  Cobb 

French  and 
Germans, 
Germans  and 
French 

A  Personal 
Interpretation  of 
France  under  Two 
Occupations 

1914-18/1940-44 


Early  review  acclaim 

■'Cobb  knows  France  and  the  French 
as  well  as  any  foreigner  ...  It  is 
remarkable  how  much  ground 
Cobb's  short  book  covers,  poking 
into  aspects  of  life  under  the  Occu- 
pation that  most  historians  have 
ignored." 
Smithsonian  Magazine 

■Richard  Cobb  makes  the  individual 
and  the  region  the  warp  and  woof  of 
his  tapestrv  of  occupied  France  .  .  . 
[He]  has  the  imagination  to  see  that 
soldiers,  too.  are  as  much  the  victims 
of  an  occupation's  restraints  as  are 
the  occupied  civilians  .  .  .  Cobb's 
personal  reflections  will  be  both 
indispensable  and  fun  for  an)  one 
interested  in  [the  history  of  German 
occupations]." 
IKew  York  Review  of  Books 


'^  ith  infinite  sympathy.  Cobb  accumu- 
lates his  images  and  vignettes  ...  As  an 
imaginative  reconstmction  of  the  past, 
it  is  verv  fine  stuff  indeed." 
Washington  Post  Book  World 

"By  necessity,  much  of  what  he  writes  is 
highly  speculative  —  how  did  con- 
quered Frenchmen  feel?  —  but  Cobb 
rarely  fails  to  persuade  us  with  his 
argimients.  And  if  the  keenness  of  his 
intelligence  were  not  enough,  there  is 
the  caliber  of  his  prose:  Cobb  writes 
superblv." 
Boston  Globe 

Tauber  Institute  Series,  2. 

SI  5. 95 


Braiideis  Review 


Brandeis  University 
Waltham,  Massachusetts  02254 


Nonprofit  Organization 

U.S.  Postage 

Paid 

Permit  Number  15731 

Boston,  Massachusetts 


Address  correction  requested 


B      R     A     N      D      i:      1      S 


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A   N   N    I   \     K    R    S   A    W    Y 


REVIEW 


Braiideis  Review 


Winter  1983 
Volume  3,  Number  4 


Inauguration  Speech 
by  President  Handler 

Profile  of  Evelyn  E.  Handler 

In  the  Beginning: 

Particle  Physics  and  Cosmology 

by  Laurence  F.  Abbott 

Human  Origins  and  Human  Nature 
by  D.  Neil  Gomberg 

Biblical  Origins  of  Exegesis: 
Roots  of  Jewish  Midrash 
by  Michael  Fishbane 

Origins  of  Christian  Art: 
Resistance  and  Compromise 
by  loachim  E.  Gaehde 

Ever  a  "New  Found  Land": 
Reflections  on  the  Theme  of 
Origins  in  American  History 
by  John  Putnam  Demos 

Remembrance  of  Times  to  Come 
by  Saul  G.  Cohen 

The  Future  Challenges  the  Past: 
The  Case  of  the  Welfare  State 
by  Robert  Morris 

Scholars  Look  Toward  the 
Year  2000 

A  Spectacular  Success  Story: 

The  National  Women's  Committee 

by  Adrianne  Udis  Rosenblatt  '61 

Brandeis  Alumni 

Brandeis  Looks  Ahead 

Designs  for  a  New  Campus: 

Almost  Brandeis 

by  Gerald  S.  Bernstein 


Brandeis  Review,  Volume  3,  Number  4,  Winter  1983. 
Brandeis  Review  (ISSN  0273-7175)  is  published  by 
Brandeis  University,  415  South  Street,  Waltham, 
Massachusetts  02254,  with  tree  distribution  to  30,000 
alumni,  students,  friends,  parents,  faculty  and  staff. 

Postmaster:  Send  address  changes  to  Brandeis  Review, 
Brandeis  University,  415  South  Street,  Waltham, 
Massachusetts  02254. 


Editor 

Nada  Samuels 
Design  Director 
Ron  Recchio 
Designer 
Reg  Taylor 
Production 
Coordinator 
Shirley  Meymaris 
Photographers 
lulian  Brown 
Betsey  Ball 


Alumni  Editorial 
Board 

Nina  L.  Baron  '77 
Barbara  Krasin 
Kravitz  '57 
Director  of  Alumni 
Relations  and  the 
Alumni  Fund 
Gladys  R.  lacobson 
Director  of  Public 
Affairs 
Barry  Wanger 


The  Inauguration 


As  the  lights  dimmed  and  the  Brass 
Ensemble  played  Ehzabethan  dances,  the 
processional  into  Boston's  imposing 
Symphony  Hall  began. 

As  the  audience  of  2,000  rose  to  its  feet  and 
applauded,  representatives  from  the  Class 
of  1952,  the  first  graduating  class,  marched 
down  the  aisle,  followed  by  National 
Officers  of  the  National  Women's 
Committee  and  delegates,  faculty,  alumni 
and  members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

It  was  a  gathering  the  hkes  of  which 
Brandeis  probably  had  not  seen  since  it 
inaugurated  its  first  president,  Abram  L 
Sachar,  in  that  same  hall,  almost  to  the 
day,  35  years  ago. 

To  those  who  had  been  at  the  first 
ceremony,  the  inauguration  was  a 
sentimental  echo  of  that  day,  when  the 
ideal  of  a  fewish- sponsored,  nonsectarian 
university  was  translated  into  reality.  To 
those  who  had  not  been  there,  the 
inaugural  rites  on  October  9,  1983  were  a 
symbol  of  a  university's  faith  to  its  initial 
vow  to  be  among  the  best. 

When  Founding  President  Sachar  draped 
the  silver  medallion,  symbolizing  the 
office  of  the  presidency,  on  Evelyn  E. 
Handler,  he  was  installing  Brandeis'  fifth 
president,  and  first  woman  in  that 
position.  And  as  the  audience  rose  to  its 
feet  to  welcome  the  new  president,  once 
again  the  Brandeis  family  was  one  and 
united  in  its  hopes  and  dreams. 

At  the  champagne  reception  in  Symphony 
Hall,  immediately  following  the  inaugural 
ceremony,  emotions  ran  high.  As  long-time 
supporters  of  the  University  found  famiUar 
faces  in  the  crowd,  there  was  much 
embracing  and  reminiscing.  "This  is  so 
exciting,"  said  one,  "so  nostalgic,  to  see  the 
Brandeis  constituency  participating  in  this 
occasion. " 

October  9,  1983 


President  Evelyn  E.  Handler's 
Inauguration  Speech 


The  newly  elected 

President  with  Founding 

President  Abram  L.  Sachar 


"An  inauguration  is 
traditionally  a  time  of  new 
beginnings.  But  today's 
ceremony  and  the  events 
on  campus  of  the 
preceding  week  symbolize 
also  a  remembrance  and 
reaffirmation  of  a  deeply 
meaningful  tradition  that 
has  left  an  indelible 
imprint  on  the  fabric  of 
American  higher 
education." 


I  am  deeply  honored  to  assume  the  responsibihties  as  president  of   2 
Brandeis  University.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  accept  the  charge  with 
which  you  and  your  fellow  trustees  have  entrusted  me.  I  do  so 
willingly,  and  with  full  appreciation  of  the  great  faith  you  have 
placed  in  me. 

Thirty-five  years  ago  Susan  Brandeis,  daughter  of  the  late  Justice, 
was  asked  what  her  father  would  have  thought  of  the  new 
university  named  in  his  honor.  She  answered,  "He  would  have 
been  satisfied." 

Yesterday,  in  deeply  moving  words,  the  youngest  grandson  of  the 
late  Justice  Brandeis,  Frank  Gilbert,  who  is  with  us  today, 
reiterated  those  comments.  Thus,  the  dream  that  was  given 
expression  in  this  same  hall  with  the  inauguration  of  the 
founding  president,  Abram  Sachar,  has  become,  not  just  a  reality, 
but  a  unique  triumph  in  the  history  of  American  higher 
education. 

We  are  joined  here  today  by  men  and  women  who  dreamed  of  a 
Brandeis  University  before  its  birth,  who  helped  found  and 
nurture  it,  and  who  have  remained  through  the  years  an  integral 
part  of  its  phenomenal  success. 

We  are  also  joined  by  members  of  the  class  of  '87.  We  look  to 
them — as  we  look  to  those  who  came  before  and  those  who  will 
come  after — for  the  support  and  caring  that  have  made  it  possible 
to  establish  in  35  short  years  a  tradition  of  intellectual  inquiry 
and  excellence  that  has  earned  the  respect  of  the  community  of 
scholars  and  has  lifted  the  spirits  and  fulfilled  the  fondest 
expectations  of  our  family  of  well-wishers  and  generous 
supporters. 

An  inauguration  is  traditionally  a  time  of  new  beginnings.  But 
today's  ceremony  and  the  events  on  campus  of  the  preceding 
week  symbolize  also  a  remembrance  and  reaffirmation  of  a 
deeply  meaningful  tradition  that  has  left  an  indelible  imprint  on 
the  fabric  of  American  higher  education. 

hi  his  inaugural  address  35  years  ago — Abe  Sachar  spoke 
eloquently  of  building  an  institution  ". .  .  on  the  integrity  of 
learning  and  research,  on  the  passion  for  service,  on  the  right  of 
equal  opportunity."  Only  such  an  institution,  he  said,  ". . .  will  be 
worthy  of  the  intellectual  and  spiritual  mantle  of  Louis  Dembitz 
Brandeis  . .  ."Thisispart  of  the  Brandeis  tradition  I  am  inheriting. 

"A  tradition  without  intelligence,"  T.  S.  Eliot  warns  us,  "is  not 
worth  having."  But  ours  is  a  tradition  of  intelligence,  a  tradition 
of  dedication  to  excellence  in  all  its  many  forms,  and  a  tradition 
that  requires  us  to  pass  on  to  generations  of  students  the  full 
measure  and  richness  of  the  humanistic,  liberal  education 
experience  that  has  been  the  hallmark  of  Brandeis  and  must 
remain  its  guiding  principle. 

The  road  ahead  will  not  be  easy.  We  live  in  an  increasingly 
complex  society,  one  which  has  long  had  a  love  affair  with 
technology  and  remains  fascinated  with  man's  seeming  ability  to 
triumph  over  nature. 


In  adapting  tu  the  needs  of  our  times  and  the  needs  of  our 
students,  we  must  find  ways  not  only  to  maintain  the 
meaningfuhiess  of  an  education  founded  on  the  humanistic 
tradition,  but  ways  m  which  to  give  full  expression  to  its  richness 
and  beauty. 

We  must  recognize  that  the  value  of  a  liberal  education  is  only 
fully  realized  m  the  context  of  its  application.  It  is  the  ability  to 
interpret  the  human  condition,  to  see  into  the  human  spirit  in  the 
light  of  our  own  and  others'  experiences,  that  gives  liberal 
education  its  most  enduring  worth. 

Such  an  education  is  about  the  passion  of  thought,  the  power  of  an 
idea,  the  will  to  understand.  It  is  through  the  full  enjoyment  of 
the  liberal  education  experience  that  we  are  enriched  by  the  art  of 
Shakespeare,  awed  by  the  beauty  of  mathematics,  stirred  by  the 
adventures  of  Ulysses,  and  feel  the  anguish  of  Oedipus. 

In  facing  the  challenge  to  preserve  and  enhance  our  tradition,  we 
must  not  allow  ourselves  to  become  ensnared  in  our  own 
vision  of  the  past.  From  the  past  we  can  draw  strength  and 
self-conhdence,  but,  if  we  are  to  ensure  that  the  first  3S  years  have 
been  but  prelude  to  new  challenges  and  new  triumphs,  we  must 
look  forward  not  backward. 


On  the  Stage  at  Symphony 
HaW:  Professor  Saul  G. 
Cohen.  Grand  Marshal  of 
the  Inaugural  ceremony, 
<itands  at  the  podium, 
while  behmd  him  are  (left 
to  right)  Alfred 
Gottschalk.  President  of 
Hebrew  Union  College, 
who  gave  the  benediction: 
Paul  Levenson  '52,- 
\hissachusetts  Governor 
Mjchael  S.  Dukakis: 
President  Evelyn  E. 
Handler:  Chairman  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees.  Henry  L. 
Foster:  Donald  Kennedy, 
President  of  Stanford 
University,  who  gave  the 
main  address 


"In  facing  the  challenge  to 

preserve  and  enhance  our 

tradition,  we  must  not 

allow  ourselves  to  become 

ensnared  in  our  own 

vision  of  the  past.  From  the 

past  we  can  draw  strength 

and  self-confidence,  but,  if 

we  are  to  ensure  that  the 

first  35  years  have  been 

but  prelude  to  new 

challenges  and  new 

triumphs,  we  must  look 

forward  not  backward." 


Those  who  dreamed  the  Brandeis  dream  have  shown  what 
determination  and  will  can  accomplish.  It  is  up  to  us — faculty, 
students,  staff,  alumni  (and  here  I  include  our  adopted  alumni), 
trustees,  members  of  the  National  Women's  Committee,  friends 
who  have  supported  Brandeis  through  the  years — it  is  up  to  all  of 
us  to  do  as  much  and  more  m  the  next  35  years  as  was  so  grandly 
accomplished  in  the  first  three  and  a  half  decades. 

The  years  ahead  will  not  be  merely  a  replication  of  the  past.  If  the 
early  years  of  Brandeis  can  be  likened  to  the  growth  and  promise 
of  childhood,  the  exuberance  of  adolescence,  the  drive  and  energy 
of  young  adulthood,  then  the  years  ahead  will  bring  wisdom,  and 
the  creativity  and  fulfillment  of  experience  and  maturity. 


Chairman  of  the  Board 

Henry  L.  Foster  presenting 

the  University's  Charter  to 

President  Handler 


"I  look  to  our  alumni  for  a 
special  understanding  of 
Brandeis.  Those  of  you 
who  are  graduates  of  the 
university  know  its  worth 
for  you  have  been  touched 
personally.  I  look  to  you 
for  allegiance,  for  caring, 
and,  above  all,  I  look  to 
you  to  be  involved.  The 
alumni  are  the  living 
university  in  the 
community. " 


The  foundation  that  has  been  laid  for  Brandeis  has  been  built 
upon  rock.  Our  university  is  a  monument  to  the  highest 
traditions  of  excellence,  integrity,  commitment  and  dedication. 
And  because  it  is  so,  all  of  us  carry  a  special  burden  and  a  special 
responsibility. 

From  the  faculty,  I  expect  those  characteristics  of  mind  that  for 
all  academics  are  a  reflection  of  greatness  and  strength.  I  expect, 
and  I  know  I  will  find  in  full  measure,  openness  to  new  ideas, 
fresh  approaches  to  teaching  and  curriculum,  a  willingness  to 
take  chances,  to  be  creative,  and  a  desire  to  interact  with  one 
another  and  especially  with  students  on  a  variety  of  levels  both  in 
and  outside  the  classroom  or  laboratory. 

The  faculty  are  the  backbone  of  the  University.  It  is  they  who  are 
the  interpreters  of  knowledge,  the  creators  of  new  knowledge, 
and  It  IS  they  who  are  responsible  for  putting  old  ideas  into  fresh 
perspective  and  passing  this  knowledge  and  insight  on  to 
students  who  will  form  the  next  generation  of  scholars.  This  is  a 
sacred  trust  and  a  revered  obligation  that  must  be  borne  in  its  full 
weight  if  the  university,  as  an  institution  of  our  society,  is  to 
remain  a  place  of  scholarship  and  learning. 

From  the  faculty,  I  also  expect  a  commitment  to  undergraduate 
life  and  instruction  that  will  serve  as  a  fulfilling  complement  to 
the  dedication  to  research  and  scholarship  that  has  already  lifted 
our  university  to  the  front  ranks  of  institutions  of  higher 
education. 

I  call  upon  the  students  of  our  university — those  of  you  here  today 
as  well  as  those  who  will  come  after  you — to  accept  a  special 
responsibility  for  your  own  education.  The  faculty  can  guide  you, 
can  provide  support  and  helpful  insight,  can  aid  you  in  sharpening 
the  skills  of  the  mind,  but  it  is  you — and  you  alone — who  will 
decide  if  your  education  at  Brandeis  is  an  experience  measured 
only  in  time  or,  as  it  should  be,  as  an  experience  measured  in 
terms  of  growth,  broadened  vision,  and  a  deeper  and  more  subtle 
understanding  of  yourself  and  the  world  about  you. 

The  opportunity  to  learn  from  and  to  work  with  some  of  the 
preeminent  scholars  of  our  day  is  an  opportunity  to  be 
transformed  and  fulfilled  in  a  very  special  and  meaningful  way. 

I  urge  you  as  students  to  look  deeply  within  yourselves  to 
discover  who  you  are  and  who  it  is  you  can  become.  It  is  the 
responsibility  of  the  faculty  to  demand  that  you  grow 
intellectually.  It  is  your  responsibility,  however,  to  reach,  to 
stretch,  to  find  opportunities,  and  to  take  risks — for  without 
risk-taking  there  can  be  no  growth. 

I  look  to  our  alumni  for  a  special  understanding  of  Brandeis. 
Those  of  you  who  are  graduates  of  the  university  know  its  worth 
for  you  have  been  touched  personally.  I  look  to  you  for  allegiance, 
for  caring,  and,  above  all,  I  look  to  you  to  be  involved.  The  alumni 
are  the  living  university  m  the  community. 

You  can  remain  silent  and  distant,  but  something  will  be  lost  and 
the  university  will  be  the  poorer  for  having  failed  to  capture  your 
enthusiasm.  Or  you  can  share  yourself,  your  energies,  your 
individual  perspective  and  thereby  enrich  both  yourself  and  your 
institution.  You  are  our  link  with  our  past  and  must  be  partners  in 
our  future. 

From  our  friends  and  supporters,  from  our  alumni  of  the  spirit, 
from  the  many  thousands  of  members  of  the  Brandeis  University 
National  Women's  Committee,  I  seek  your  support. 


You  have  watched  this  university  grow,  and  have  thus 
participated  in  an  experience  filled  with  personal  satisfaction. 
Through  your  determination  to  ensure  that  the  name  Brandeis 
only  be  associated  with  that  which  is  of  the  highest  quahty,  you 
have  helped  tum  dream  to  reality  and  modest  beginnings  to 
national  greatness. 

From  the  university's  trustees  I  seek  wisdom,  a  deep 
commitment  to  the  ideals  for  which  the  institution  stands,  and  a 
willingness  to  support  the  university  and  help  guide  her  destiny. 

I  seek  your  aid  in  difficult  times,  I  seek  your  counsel,  I  seek  your 
willingness  to  give  of  yourselves.  But  above  all  else,  I  look  to 
you — our  trustees — for  courage,  vision  and  support. 

It  was  courage  that  enabled  our  university  to  grow  in  35  short 
years  from  a  single  building  and  107  students  to  be  a  respected 
member  of  that  small  fraternity  of  colleges  and  universities  that 
stand  at  the  pinnacle  of  American  higher  education. 

And  It  was  courage  that  made  it  possible  for  this  achievement  to 
be  accomplished  in  the  face  of  seemingly  insurmountable 
obstacles  and  difficulties. 

Boldness,  vision,  the  willingness  to  give  of  themselves,  and  the 
courage  to  set  high  standards.  These  were  the  characteristics  that 
marked  our  founding  trustees  and  are  the  measures  that  I  Icnow 
will  continue  to  guide  our  trustees,  now  and  in  the  future. 

For  myself,  I  make  a  pledge  that  is  at  once  personal  and  a 
statement  regarding  the  future  of  our  university.  As  president  of 
Brandeis,  I  pledge  my  full  energies,  my  best  judgment,  and  the 
courage  to  take  risks  in  the  pursuit  of  our  mission. 

If  opportunities  are  missed,  we  will  find  new  ones.  Neither 
challenge  nor  adversity  will  deter  us.  And  as  we  grow  we  will 
permit  ourselves  to  experience  disappointment  and  joy,  change 
and  innovation,  and  an  appreciation  of  our  full  potential  for  a  rich 
and  demanding  future. 

I  pledge  dedication  to  the  task  at  hand,  pride  in  ourselves  and  our 
university,  and  commitment  to  the  realization  that  having 
achieved  greatness  in  one  short  generation,  there  is  no  limit  to 
what  we  can — together — accomplish. 

I  intend  to  tum  the  face  of  the  university  outward,  to  broaden  our 
appeal  to  the  best  and  the  brightest  of  our  country's  young  people, 
to  address  the  quality  of  student  life  at  Brandeis. 

I  pledge  a  continued  commitment  to  maintain  the  richness,  the 
excitement,  and  the  enduring  value  of  liberal,  undergraduate 
education.  I  pledge  wholehearted  support  to  the  continued 
excellence  of  our  graduate  programs,  and  to  the  fullest  possible 
encouragement  of  our  faculty  in  their  research,  their  teaching, 
and  their  service  to  the  university  and  her  students  and  the 
community. 

The  years  ahead  are  going  to  be  among  the  most  exciting  in  the 
history  of  our  university  as  we  extend  our  reach  and  broaden  our 
horizons  in  terms  of  curriculum,  program,  and  the  impact  that 
Brandeis  will  have  on  this  and  future  generations  of  students.  To 
this  mission,  I  pledge  my  energy,  my  heart  and  spirit.  ■ 


President  Handler  and 
Massachusetts  Governor 
Michael  S.  Dukakis 


"You  can  remain  silent 

and  distant,  but 

something  will  be  lost  and 

the  university  will  be  the 

poorer  for  having  failed  to 

capture  your  enthusiasm. 

Or  you  can  share  yourself, 

your  energies,  your 

individual  perspective 

and  thereby  enrich  both 

yourself  and  your 

institution.  You  are  our 

link  with  our  past  and 

must  be  partners  in  our 

future." 


Profile: 


Evelyn  Erika  Handler 


"Brandeis  was  founded  with  a  pioneering 
spirit . .  a  drive  to  make  this  a  top-notch 
university,"  says  a  long-time  member  of 
the  Brandeis  community.  "Handler  seems 
to  fit  that  mold.  She  has  a  certain  charisma. 
She  gives  us  new  hope  that  we  can  continue 
the  Brandeis  dream." 

Evelyn  Enka  Handler,  hfth  president  of 
Brandeis,  took  over  the  stewardship  of  the 
university  in  mid-summer,  and  by  this  fall, 
she  was  an  established  presence  on  campus. 

By  the  time  students  had  returned  to 
campus,  a  sizable  portion  of  administrators, 
faculty  and  staff  had  met  Handler,  shaken 
her  hand,  given  their  views,  expressed  their 
hopes,  and  of  course,  formed  an  opinion  of 
the  new  president.  The  almost  unanimous 
response  was  that  Brandeis  has  a  forthright, 
unpretentious,  warm  and  strong  president. 

Yet  there  is  another  easily  detectable  trait: 

energy.  When  Handler  says  she  has  "a  lot  of 
stamina"  she  is  describing  what  anyone 
who  has  worked  with  her  notices 
immediately — a  trait  that  was  tested  as 
soon  as  she  came  to  Brandeis.  "The  first 
year  on  a  job  is  physically  and  emotionally 
taxing,  the  pace  and  intensity  of  activity  are 
enormous,"  she  says,  and  those  who  know 
her  schedule,  concur. 

The  pace  of  the  first  weeks  included  reading 
annual  reports  from  each  administrative 
unit  and  responses  to  her  request  that  each 
outline  its  goals.  Then,  she  met  with  each 
administrator.  Meetings  "to  understand 
the  Brandeis  budget  and  see  how  it  works" 
followed,  along  with  individual  meetings 
with  department  chairs.  From  the  very 
beginning,  she  fulfilled  her  other  priorities: 
taking  the  Brandeis  message  out  to  the 
community,  meeting  Brandeis'  supporters, 
working  on  increasing  the  base  of  support 
to  the  university  and,  when  the  students 
returned  to  campus,  meeting  with  as  many 
as  possible.  In  the  fall  she  was  scheduled  to 
go  to  10  different  cities  to  meet  alumni, 
supporters,  potential  donors. 

But  within  that  crowded  schedule  she  made 
room  to  acquaint  herself  not  only  with 
those  within  the  university  who  set 
pohcies,  but  also  those  who  are  affected  by 
them. 


7   "I  am  not  anxious  to  increase  bureaucracy; 
in  fact  I  would  like  to  cut  it  down,"  she  told 
one  group,  but  she  also  added:  "It  is 
important  for  people  who  feel  powerless  in 
institutions  to  be  able  to  speak  with  those 
who  have  power.  It  is  not  easy  for  people  to 
trust  administrators.  There  must  be  trust 
between  those  who  set  policy  and  those 
who  are  affected  by  it,"  she  cautioned.  "If 
you  ignore  it,  it  will  come  back  to  haunt 
you. . . ." 

Trust  is  a  subject  that,  in  different  versions, 
she  returns  to  over  and  over  again.  "I 
absolutely  want  team  players.  An 
institution  works  well  when  ever>'one 
pulls  in  the  same  direction.  We  all  suffer  if 
we  don't  play  as  a  team." 

Team  work,  as  she  calls  it,  is  one  of  the 
major  criteria  she  emphasizes  in  describing 
what  she  looks  for  in  a  staff.  The  others  are 
competence  and  institutional  loyalty.  But 
at  ever>'  conversation  she  also  stresses  her 
desire  for  quality:  "I  expect  you  all  to  do 
what  you  have  been  doing,  and  to  do  it 
exceedingly  well, "  she  says.  "I  have  a  vision 
of  Brandeis,  an  expectation  of  excellence." 
She  places  the  same  expectation  on  herself: 
"I  intend  to  push  myself  hard.  I  can  only  be 
a  team  player  if  I  make  my  own 
contribution.  I  also  must  deliver." 

Excellence  and  quality  are  words  that 
surface  repeatedly  when  she  talks  of 
Brandeis.  "I  like  quality  institutions  ...  I 
like  quality  programs.  My  challenge  is  to 
take  something  excellent  and  make  it  even 
better."  That,  she  believes,  is  her  mission  at 
Brandeis.  "I  like  to  listen  to  the  aspirations 
of  faculty  and  students  and  attempt  to 
make  their  dreams  come  true. . ."  Those 
dreams  must  at  times  take  a  new  path  to  be 
fulhlled:  "I  would  like  to  foster  innovation. 
I  value  innovation,  yet  within  the  confines 
of  tradition,"  she  adds. 


To  accomplish  all  she  envisions,  one  must 
have  more  than  goodwill,  energy, 
forthrightness  .  . .  one  must  be  a  leader. 
Evelyn  Handler  has  reflected  on  what  it 
means  to  be  one. 

"A  leader,"  she  says,  "is  someone  who 
understands  the  characteristics  of  the 
institution.  A  leader  must  understand  it 
sufficiently  to  set  direction.  Yet  a  leader's 
vision  must  be  one  that  constituents  can 
follow.  A  leader,"  she  continues,  "is 
someone  who  takes  calculated  risks, 
doesn't  always  play  it  safe." 


She  has  never  played  it  safe  before.  During 
the  three  years  she  was  president  of  the 
University  of  New  Hampshire  ( 1980-1983) 
her  accomplishments  were  such  that  at  her 
departure  New  Hampshire  editorial  writers 
lauded  her  leadership.  "Farewell  to  a  great 
one,"  read  the  headline  over  one  editorial. 

Dunng  her  three  years  there  she  launched 
the  largest  capital  campaign  in  the 
university's  history,  increased  sponsored 
research  on  campus,  revamped  the 
undergraduate  general  education  program, 
arranged  for  the  private  financing  of  a 
dormitory  facility,  secured  federal  funding 
for  a  major  S15  million  science  research 
building  and  streamlined  the 
administration  and  financial  management 
of  the  institution. 

Her  accomplishments  were  recognized  and 
applauded  widely.  Another  editorial  in 
1982  stated:".  . .  she  is  a  caring,  total 
woman  of  vision  who  seems  beyond  the 
petty  and  partisan  small-minded  interests 
of  some.  She  is  simply,  far  from  a 
business-as-usual  lady. . .  Around  the  state 
she  is  receiving  standing  ovations  not  for 
any  one  single  thing  but  for  the  total  human 
being  she  is.  She  encourages  the  university 
in  thousands  of  little  ways  and  personifies 
tough-minded  management  with  a  heart. 
She  gets  the  job  done. . ." 

She  came  to  New  Hampshire  after  being 
associated  with  Hunter  College  since 
1962 — first  as  biology  professor,  then  in 
1 977  as  dean  of  the  Division  of  Sciences  and 
Mathematics. 


The  50-year-old  scientist,  bom  in  Hungary, 
received  her  bachelor  of  arts  from  Hunter 
College,  and  her  master  of  science  and 
Ph.D.  in  biology  from  New  York 
University.  She  is  also  a  member  of  several 
professional  and  honor  societies,  including 
a  recent  appointment  as  chair  of  the 
National  Academy  of  Science  Committee 
on  Models  for  Biomedical  Research.  She  is 
the  author  of  two  dozen  publications, 
including  several  she  co-authored  with  her 
husband,  biologist  Eugene  Handler,  in  the 
field  of  leukemia  research.  They  are  the 
parents  of  two  sons. 

While  a  member  of  the  faculty  at  Hunter 
College  during  the  financial  crisis  m  1974, 
when  New  York  City  was  teetering  on  the 
brink  of  bankruptcy,  and  Hunter  College's 
budget  was  to  be  cut  by  15  percent,  she  was 
appointed  by  then  president,  Jacqueline 
Wexler,  to  serve  on  the  college's  fiscal 
emergency  committee.  She  became  a  major 
player  during  that  crisis.  Wexler  described 
her  as  "a  wonderful  combination  of 
warmth  and  toughness.  By  toughness  I 
don't  mean  hard  or  brittle.  Toughness  is 
resilience;  the  ability  to  make  hard 
decisions  and  stand  by  them." 

Although  happy  and  successful  at  New 
Hampshire,  she  responded  to  Brandeis'  call 
because,  "There  are  some  institutions  you 
identify  with  more  than  others. .  ."  And  for 
Brandeis,  she  says  she  has  "many,  many 
dreams. . .  ."■ 


Program: 


i^Dii  r^ 


The  week  preceding  the  inauguration,  the 
University  held  a  series  of  academic 
programs  that  featured  some  of  the  most 
distinguished  members  of  the  faculty.  The 
unifying  topics  were  "Origins,"  "Thinking 
About  the  Future"  and  "Issues  in  Higher 
Education."  An  abbreviated  sampling  of 
those  talks  follows  the  program. 


Origins 

In  the  Beginning: 

Elementary  Particles  and  Cosmology 

Laurence  F.  Abbott 
Associate  Professor  of  Physics 

Omne  Vivum  Ex  Ovo: 

The  Origins  of  Cellular  Diversity 

Michael  Wormington 
Assistant  Professor  of  Biochemistr>' 
Member,  Rosenstiel  Basic  .Medical 
Sciences  Research  Center 

Human  Origins  and  Human  Nature 

D.  Neil  Gomberg 

Assistant  Professor  of  Anthropology 

Chair 

James  R.  Lackner 
Meshulam  and  Judith  Riklis 
Professor  of  Psychology 

Biblical  Origins  of  Exegesis: 
The  Roots  of  Jewish  Midrash 

Michael  Fishbane 

Samuel  Lane  Associate  Professor  of 
Jewish  Religious  History  and 
Social  Ethics 

The  Origins  of  Christian  Art: 
Resistance  and  Compromise 

Joachim  E.  Gaehde 

Sidney  and  Ellen  Wien  Professor 

in  the  History  of  Art 

The  Idea  of  Socialism 

Ralph  Miliband 

Morns  Hillquit  Professor 

in  Labor  and  Social  Thought 

Chair 

Ruth  Schachter  Morgenthau 

Adlai  E.  Stevenson 

Protessor  of  International  Politics 

Beginnings  Marred  by  Violence: 
The  Literary  Pre-History  of  America 

Phihp  Fisher 

Associate  Professor  of  English 

Ever  a  "New  Found  Land": 
Reflections  on  the  Theme 
of  Origins  in  American  History 

John  Putnam  Demos 
Professor  of  History 

The  Language  of  Music: 
Some  New  Beginnings 

Allan  R.  Keiler 

Associate  Professor  of  Music 

Chair 

Edward  Engelberg 

Professor  of  Comparative  Literature 

Thinking  About  the  Future 

The  Future  Challenges  the  Past: 
The  Case  of  the  Welfare  State 

Robert  Morris 

Professor  Emeritus  of  Social  Plarming 

Remembrance  of  Times  to  Come 

Saul  G.  Cohen 

Charles  A.  Breskin  University 

Professor  of  Chemistry 

The  Future  of  the  Past 

Frank  E.  Manuel 

Alfred  and  Viola  Hart  University 

Professor  of  History 

Chair 

Anne  P.  Carter 

Dean  of  the  Faculty  and 

Fred  C  Hecht  Professor  of  Economics 

Issues  in  Higher  Education 

Evelyn  E.  Handler,  President 

Faculty  Panel: 

Eugene  P.  Gross 

Edward  and  Gertrude  Swartz 

Professor  of  Theoretical  Physics 

Allen  R.  Grossman 

Paul  E.  Prosswimmer  Professor 

of  Poetry  and  General  Education 


Wilham  P.  Jencks 
Gyula  and  Katica  Tauber 
Professor  of  Biochemistry  and 
Molecular  Pharmacodynamics 

Barney  K.  Schwalberg 
Professor  of  Economics 

Moderator:     Egon  Bittner 

Harry  Coplan  Professor 
in  the  Social  Sciences 


In  The  Beginning: 


Particle  Physics 
and  Cosmology 


by  Laurence  F.  Abbott 


Laurence  F.  Abbott,  associate  professor  of 
physics,  has  lectured  in  this  country  and 
abroad  on  topics  of  high  energy  theoretical 
physics.  Last  spring  he  was  one  of  only  88 
individuals  awarded  prestigious  Sloan 
Fellowships.  Prior  to  coming  to  Brandeis  in 
1979,  Professor  Abbott  was  a  scientific 
associate  at  CERN  in  Switzerland  and 
research  associate  at  the  Stanford  Linear 
Accelerator  in  Palo  Alto,  California. 


Cosmology  is  the  study  of  the  history  and 
structure  of  the  universe.  The  scientific 
approach  to  cosmology  is  based  on  a  simple 
property  of  all  physical  systems.  Once  the 
physical  laws  governing  a  system  are 
known,  as  well  as  the  state  of  that  system  at 
any  one  time,  astronomers  can  determine 
what  the  universe  will  do  in  the  future  as 
well  as  what  it  did  in  the  past.  In  the  case  of 
cosmology,  the  system  is  the  observed 
universe.  Using  our  knowledge  of  the 
physical  laws  of  nature,  along  with 
observational  data  from  astronomy, 
scientists  can  reconstruct  the  early  history 
of  the  universe. 

Progress  in  elementary  particle  physics 
over  the  past  decade  has  greatly  increased 


our  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  nature.  We 
now  understand  how  matter  behaves  over 
an  extremely  wide  range  of  conditions,  and 
can  apply  this  knowledge  to  cosmology. 
The  key  is  to  specify  the  state  of  the 
universe  at  a  point  in  time  so  that  these 
laws  can  be  used  to  reconstruct  its  early 
history.  Today,  the  universe  is  clearly  very 
complicated  with  billions  of  galaxies 
arranged  in  complicated  clusters.  The 
universe  is  nearly  20  billion  years  old. 
Fortunately,  we  know  that  when  the 
universe  was  only  100,000  years  old  it  was 
very  simple — it  was  filled  very  uniformly 
with  hot,  glowing  gas.  We've  established 
this  time  as  the  starting  point  in  our 
analysis.  Using  the  physical  laws  to  evolve 
forward  in  time  from  this  point,  we  should 
in  principle  be  able  to  arrive  at  our  present 
universe  (although  the  complexity  of 
galaxies  and  galactic  clusters  makes  this 
very  difficult).  Moving  backward  in  time 
we  can  study  the  earliest  moments  m  the 
history  of  the  universe. 

It  may  seem  remarkable  that  we  know 
what  the  universe  looked  like  at  100,000 
years.  When  astronomers  view  distant 
objects  they  are  also  looking  far  into  the 
past  since  light  from  distant  objects  takes  a 
long  time  to  reach  us.  When  it  hnally 
reaches  our  telescopes  it  records  the 
appearance  of  a  distant  object  not  as  it 
exists  today,  but  as  it  was  long  ago.  We 
observe  the  universe  when  it  was  only 
100,000  years  old  by  detecting  light  which 
has  travelled  for  nearly  20  bilhon  years. 
This  light  IS  the  cosmic  background 
radiation.  Although  we  are  neither 
observing  the  whole  universe  when  we 
detect  the  cosmic  background  radiation, 
nor  seeing  the  part  of  the  universe  we  live 
in — we  are  viewing  a  very  distant  part  of  the 
universe.  However,  it  seems  likely  that  the 
universe  is  pretty  much  the  same 
everywhere,  and  in  fact,  this  is  a 
fundamental  postulate  of  cosmology.  Thus 
we  can  make  the  reasonable  assumption 
that  the  entire  universe  looked  like  the 
region  we  see  at  100,000  years  of  age. 

Analysis  of  the  cosmic  background 
radiation  reveals  that  it  was  emitted  by  a 
hot,  glowing  gas.  Most  of  the  light  we  see 
coming  from  the  sky  comes  from  compact 
sources  like  stars  or  galaxies.  The  cosmic 
background  radiation,  on  the  other  hand, 
comes  uniformly  from  all  parts  of  the  sky. 
In  every  direction  we  look,  we  find  that  the 
gas  which  emitted  this  radiation  was  at  the 
same  temperature  and  density.  The 
accuracy  of  these  readings  is  better  than 
one-hundredth  of  one  percent!  Our 
conclusion  is  that  at  100,000  years  the 
universe  was  incredibly  uniform  and 


simple.  Instead  of  being  clumped  up  m 
galaxies  and  stars,  matter  was  spread 
uniformly  throughout  space.  This  raises 
two  mteresting  questions:  why  was  the 
universe  so  simple  then,  and  how  did  it 
become  so  complex  today?  Both  of  these 
questions  are  addressed  in  a  new  cosmology 
introduced  by  Alan  Guth  a  few  years  ago 
called  inflationary  cosmology. 

Let  us  start  at  100,000  years  when  the 
universe  was  simple  and  evolve  backward 
toward  earlier  times.  In  order  to  do  this,  we 
must  use  one  more  piece  of  information — 
our  knowledge  about  the  expansion  of  the 
universe.  Astronomers  have  observed  that 
galaxies  are  receding  from  each  other.  This 
means  that  the  density  of  matter  in  the 
universe  has  been  continually  decreasing. 
The  density  of  matter  was  even  higher 
100,000  years  earlier  than  the  period  after. 
Higher  density  means  higher  temperature. 
The  further  back  in  time  we  go  the  hotter 
the  universe  gets.  This  is  the  basic  concept 
of  big-bang  cosmology. 

The  temperature  of  the  gas  which  filled  the 
universe  at  100,000  years  was  about 
4000°K.  At  this  temperature  matter  is 
opaque  to  light  which  explains  why  we 
cannot  directly  see  any  further  out,  and 
therefore  any  further  into  the  past.  Before 
100,000  years  the  universe  was  even  hotter 
than  4000°K.  For  example,  at  an  age  of 
about  a  minute,  the  universe  was  so  hot 
that  conditions  resembled  those  inside  a 
nuclear  reactor.  Nuclear  physicists  can 
compute  the  abundances  of  the  light 
elements  created  in  this  reactor-like 
environment  and  their  results  concur  with 
what  we  see  today.  This  provides  a  pattern 
allowing  us  to  understand  what  the 
universe  was  like  at  one  minute.  If  we  go 
back  to  still  earlier  times,  we  discover  that 
particles  of  matter,  heated  to  tremendous 
temperatures,  smashed  into  each  other 
with  very  high  energy.  These  coUisions 
resembled  those  in  our  huge  particle 
accelerator  laboratories.  The  most  relevant 
aspect  of  physics  to  the  understanding  of 
the  earliest  stages  in  the  evolution  of  the 
universe  is  elementary  particle  physics.  We 
can  use  theories  that  have  been  tested  in 
accelerators  to  analyze  the  evolution  down 
to  about  a  millionth  of  a  second  of  its 
existence.  Before  this  we  must  be  more 
speculative.  It  was  m  the  application  of 
elementary  particle  theories  to  this 
extremely  early  time  that  "inflation"  was 
discovered. 

Inflation  is  similar  to  the  ordinary 
expansion  of  the  universe  occurring  today, 
except  that  it  is  much  faster.  It  is  an  effect  of 


gravity  which  can  occur  in  certain 
elementary  particle  theories.  Within 
inflationary  cosmology  it  is  proposed  that 
sometime  in  the  first  fraction  of  a  second  a 
brief  period  of  extremely  rapid  expansion 
occurred.  The  total  amount  of  expansion 
during  this  inflationary  period  was 
enormous.  Any  matter  which  might  have 
been  around  before  inflation  took  place  was 
reduced  to  zero  density  by  the  tremendous 
expansion.  Thus,  the  first  act  of  inflation 
was  to  clear  an  empty  space  for  us.  This  has 
one  very  nice  consequence — we  don't  have 
to  worry  about  what  happened  before 
inflation.  Although  many  interesting 
conjectures  about  pre-inflationary  times 
have  been  made,  the  dismissal  of 
previously  existing  matter  by  inflation 
means  that  whatever  happened  before 
inflation  had  no  effect  on  our  present 
universe.  Inflation  has  wiped  the  slate 
clean. 

Dunng  the  period  the  universe  was 
inflating,  energy  was  stored  in  a  particular 
configuration  of  the  fields  which  are  part  of 
the  elementary  particle  theory.  At  the  end 
of  the  inflationary  period  this  energy  was 
released  and  the  matter  which  fills  our 
present  universe  was  created.  We  call  this 
process  the  great  thaw.  The  matter 
appeared  in  the  form  of  a  dense  gas  at  very 
high  temperature.  Most  importantly,  it  was 
created  extremely  uniformly.  Matter 
appeared  in  different  parts  of  the  universe 
with  equal  temperature  and  density.  This 
explains  why  the  universe  was  so 
remarkably  uniform  at  the  age  of  100,000 
years — matter  was  created  uniformly  in  the 
first  fraction  of  a  second  during  the  great 
thaw.  Accounting  for  this  is  one  of  the  great 
successes  of  inflationary  cosmology. 

If  the  matter  in  the  universe  had  remained 
spread  out  uniformly,  then  today  there 
would  only  be  about  one  atom  for  every  five 
cubic  meters  of  space.  Nature  has  provided 
for  us  not  by  filling  the  universe  with 
matter  but  by  concentrating  what  little 
matter  there  is  into  compact  structures. 
The  first  step  in  this  concentration  process 
is  galaxy  formation.  How  did  matter,  which 
was  spread  so  uniformly  through  space  at 
100,000  years,  cluster  together  and  form  the 
complicated  galactic  structures  we  see 
today  at  20  billion  years?  The  basic 
mechanism  for  galaxy  formation  is 
gravitational  attraction.  The  force  of 
gravity  will  naturally  make  matter  clump 
together.  However,  in  order  for  this 
mechanism  to  work,  there  must  have  been 
small  inhomogeneities  in  the  almost 
perfectly  uniform  distribution  of  matter  in 
the  early  universe  to  act  as  seeds  for  galaxy 


formation.  The  problem  of  galaxy  lo 

formation  thus  comes  down  to  the  problem 
of  accounting  for  the  presence  of  these 
galactic  seeds  m  the  matter  distribution  of 
the  early  universe. 

Inflation  offers  a  remarkable  explanation 
for  the  presence  of  the  small 
inhomogeneities  needed  for  galaxy 
formation.  Earlier  I  said  that  when  matter 
was  created  after  the  inflationary  period,  it 
appeared  with  uniform  density  and 
temperature.  Actually,  this  is  not  quite  true 
as  I  have  been  ignoring  the  small 
fluctuations  which  are  predicted  and,  in 
fact,  required  by  quantum  mechanics. 
Quantum  mechanics  is  normally  relevant 
for  small  systems  the  size  of  atoms  or  even 
smaller  matter.  It  is  most  unusual  to  apply 
quantum  mechanics  to  something  as  big  as 
a  galaxy.  However,  inflation  connects  the 
small  and  the  large.  A  fluctuation  which 
was  smaller  than  an  atom  before  inflation 
can  end  up  as  large  as  a  galaxy  after 
inflation.  If  the  elementary  particle  theory 
is  adjusted  correctly  (a  problem  which  has 
not  yet  been  completely  solved),  we  should 
be  able  to  have  inflation  create  matter 
uniformly  enough  to  agree  with  data  on  the 
universe  at  100,000  years  and  yet  produce 
the  small  inhomogeneities  needed  to  make 
galaxies.  Work  on  this  exciting  and  unusual 
mechanism  for  galaxy  formation  is  still  in 
progress. 

I  have  recently  been  studying  whether  we 
can  see  evidence  for  the  quantum- 
mechanical  inhomogeneities  predicted  by 
inflation  in  observations  of  the  cosmic 
background  radiation.  This  work  was  done 
in  collaboration  with  a  colleague  and 
friend,  Mark  Wise.  We  hope  that  sometime 
in  the  future,  perhaps  through  satellite 
observation  in  the  late  part  of  this  decade, 
these  fluctuations  may  be  observed.  If  they 
are,  we  will  have  found  evidence  that  the 
galaxies  and  other  huge  structures  in  the 
universe  today  might  really  have  originated 
as  tiny  quantum  fluctuations  which  were 
stretched  to  their  present  large  sizes  by 
inflation. 

We  have  seen  that  inflationary  cosmology 
clears  out  an  empty  space  for  us  in  the 
universe  and  then  fills  that  space  with 
matter,  even  providing  the  seeds  for  galaxy 
formation.  ■ 


Human  Origins  and 
Human  Nature 


by  D.  Neil  Gomberg 


11 


y'^ 


■'■/ 


D.  Neil  Gomberg,  assistant  professor  of 
anthropology,  is  recognized  as  one  of  the 
outstanding  young  social  scientists  in  the 
field  of  physical  anthropology.  He  has 
published  his  findings  in  a  number  of 
leading  anthropology  journals  and  has 
been  invited  to  discuss  his  research  before 
anthropologists  in  the  United  States  and 
Austria.  A  former  winner  of  a  prestigious 
Woodrow  Wilson  Fellowship,  Professor 
Gomberg  joined  the  Brandeis  faculty  in 
1978. 


In  the  beginning  of  time  Father  Jaguar 
created  people,  but  they  had  no  mouth. 
Kahipu-lakano,  the  first  of  us  who  gave  us 
all  that  we  have,  said  "it  is  not  possible 
that  people  cannot  speak."  So  he  created 
the  mouth.  .  . 
from  a  Yukuna  origin  myth 

Every  people  attempts  in  some  way  to 
explam  the  mystery  of  their  origin. 
Explanation  usually  takes  the  form  of 
myths,  stories  rich  in  symbolism,  which 
may  account  not  only  for  the  origin  of  a 
particular  people,  but  also  of  the  entire 
cosmos.  Anthropological  research  into 
human  origins  eschews  (we  hope!)  myth 
and  seeks  explanations  through  the  use  of 
scientific  method.  In  their  search, 
anthropologists  use  evidence  derived  from 
the  material  remains  of  early  humans  (such 
as  bones,  tools  and  structures),  from  the 
comparison  of  the  biology  and  behaviour  of 
modern  humans  and  primates,  and  from 
analogies  with  populations  of  modern 
human  hunter-gatherers. 

Evidence  from  the  comparison  of 
biochemical  similarities  and  differences  in 
living  primates  indicates  that  the  ancestors 
of  modern  humans  and  those  of  modern 
apes  diverged  from  a  common  stock 
(known  generally  as  "dryopithecines") 
around  eight  million  years  ago. 
Unfortunately,  few  fossils  are  known  from 
that  period,  and  the  abundant 
dryopithecine  remains  from  a  slightly 
earlier  date  (9-10  million  years)  are 
somewhat  equivocal.  The  status  of 
Ramapithecus,  which  dates  from  this 
earlier  time  and  which  was  once  considered 
the  earliest  human  ancestor,  is  now  in 
doubt.  Except  for  a  few  scraps  here  and 
there,  the  earliest  direct  evidence  of 
human-like  beings  dates  from  about  3.5 
million  years  ago,  at  Hadar  in  Ethiopia  and 


Laetolil  in  Tanzania.  The  fossils  from 
Hadar,  which  include  the  famous  "Lucy 
skeleton,"  have  been  hailed  as  our  earliest 
ancestors,  while  footprints  in  volcanic  mud 
from  the  slightly  earher  site  of  Laeotili 
provide  the  oldest  evidence  of  bipedal 
walking  in  the  human  line. 

The  shape  of  the  Hadar  lower  limb  bones 
also  indicates  that  their  original  owners 
moved  about  as  we  do,  using  a  bipedal  gait. 
Together  with  the  Laetolil  footprints,  they 
have  laid  to  rest  one  of  the  oldest 
controversies  in  the  study  of  human 
evolution;  that  is,  which  came  first,  the 
characteristic  human  dentition,  tool  use, 
bipedal  gait  or  the  increase  in  size  of  the 
human  brain.  An  important  school  of 
thought  in  the  first  half  of  this  centur\'  held 
that  It  was  our  large  brain  that  evolved  hrst. 
This  line  of  reasoning  received  an 
important  boost  from  the  Piltdown  fossils 
(later  proven  fraudulent)  which  combined 
an  ape's  dentition  with  a  modern  human 
skull.  A  later  theory,  popularized  by 
Sherwood  Washburn,  proposed  that  the 
large  brain,  bipedal  gait  and  tool  use 
evolved  in  tandem,  spurred  on  by  a  hunting 
way  of  life.  According  to  this  model,  the 
more  our  ancestors  hunted,  the  more  tools 
and  weapons  were  necessary;  the  more 
tools  were  used,  the  more  upright, 
intelligent  individuals  were  favored  by 
selection.  As  tools  took  over  the  role  played 
by  the  teeth  in  apes,  the  large  ape  canine 
and  incisors  began  to  disappear.  This  was  a 
very  popular  theory  m  the  '50s  and  '60s  and 
was  picked  up  and  somewhat  distorted, 
much  to  Washburn's  dismay,  by  a  number 
of  popular  writers  such  as  Desmond  Morris 
and  Robert  Ardrey.  The  political  and  social 
fallout  of  this  "killer  ape"  model  (as  some 
called  it)  has  been  enormous;  certain 
individuals  using  it  to  argue  everything 
from  the  inevitability  of  aggression  to  the 
low  place  of  women  in  society.  The  Hadar 
fossils  have,  for  the  time  being,  quieted  that 
debate  because  they  show  an  upright 
bipedal  animal  which  possessed  rather 
apelike  teeth  and  a  brain  the  size  of  a 
chimpanzee. 

It  IS  now  clear  to  most  paleoanthropologists 
that  the  key  characteristic  which 
distinguishes  early  humans  from  their  ape 
ancestors  was  the  ability  to  walk  erect.  The 
reasons  for  the  origin  of  the  human  species 
must  be  sought  in  the  reasons  for  the  origin 
of  bipedalism,  not  in  reasons  for  increased 
brain  size.  Owen  Lovejoy  has  suggested  an 
intriguing  hypothesis  which  ties  the 


beginning  of  bipedalism  to  a  shift  in 
reproductive  and  social  behavior.  He 
reasons  that  as  our  apehke  ancestors  moved 
out  of  the  forest  and  into  a  more 
open-country  setting,  the  slow 
reproductive  turnover  characteristic  of 
modern  apes  would  be  inadequate  to 
maintam  population  size.  Many  tropical 
forest  animals  reproduce  more  slowly,  have 
long  lifespans  and  longer  periods  of  infant 
dependency  than  related  species  hving  in  a 
savanna  environment.  Apes  are  especially 
slow  to  mature  and  breed.  A  species  of  ape 
moving  into  the  open-country  habitat 
would  find  it  difficult  to  speed  up 
reproductive  turnover  without  sacrificing 
some  of  the  advantages  of  slow 
reproduction  such  as  a  long  period  of 
learning  and  sociahzation  for  the  young. 
The  solution,  according  to  Lovejoy,  was  to 
maintain  the  long  infant  dependency  but  to 
have  more  than  one  dependent  mfant  at  a 
time.  This  is  accomplished  by  breeding 
again,  before  the  first  child  is  able  to  go  off 
on  its  own.  But,  as  any  parent  knows,  kids 
restrict  mobility;  a  chimp  mother  is 
restricted  in  her  movements  by  one 
offspring,  an  early  human  mother  would  be 
even  more  restricted  with  two  or  three  at  a 
time.  The  solution  is  not  to  move  around 
but  stay  in  one  place  and  leave  the  little 
beggars  while  she  goes  out  and  forages. 
Even  better  is  to  send  the  males  out  to 
forage  also  and  use  some  of  the  food  that 
they  bring  home.  This  is  the  pattern  m 
many  large  carnivores  such  as  wolves,  but 
carnivores  have  an  advantage  over 
primates  m  that  they  can  carry  a  lot  of  food 
m  their  stomachs  and  regurgitate  it  at  the 
home  base.  Primates  are  not  equipped  for 
this  and  so  a  different  solution  had  to  be 
found — hence  bipedalism  to  free  the  hands 
to  carry. 

Lovejoy  has  presented  a  persuasive  model 
for  the  origin  of  the  earhest  human 
ancestors;  some  paleoanthropologists 
strongly  agree,  others  strongly  disagree  but 
the  story  doesn't  end  here.  These  early 
ancestors  (called  Australopithecines| 
apparently  existed  quite  well  for  several 
millions  of  years  with  a  human  gait  but  a 
chimpanzee  brain.  If  something  else  had 
not  occurred  we'd  still  be  out  on  the  African 
savanna.  For  although  our  ongins  can  be 
traced  to  the  development  of  bipedalism,  it 
is  our  large  brains  that  truly  distinguish  us 
from  all  other  animals. 

Around  two  million  years  ago  something 
very  important  for  the  history  of  our  species 
happened.  No  one  is  quite  sure  what  that 
was,  although  it  may  have  something  to  do 
with  the  appearance  of  large  ground 
dwelling  monkeys  (related  to  today's 
baboons)  which  competed  for  the  same 


resources  as  the  Australopithecines.  In  any 
event,  two  very  different  types  of 
human-like  bipedal  creatures  emerged 
around  this  time.  One  was  a  large  variety  of 
Australopithecus  with  enormous  molar 
teeth  and  huge  chewing  muscles.  This 
creature  may  have  avoided  competition 
with  the  emerging  baboons  by  eating 
material,  such  as  acacia  nuts,  which  was 
too  difficult  for  monkey  teeth  to  crack.  A 
second  human-like  species  or  group  of 
species  emphasized  the  brain  over  the 
teeth.  These  creatures  apparently 
broadened  their  ecological  niche,  perhaps 
digging  tubers  with  sticks  or  hunting  small 
game.  They  also  began  to  make  the  first 
tools,  pebble  choppers,  which  allowed 
them  to  crack  bones  or  open  thick  skinned 
nuts  or  fruit.  By  1 .6  million  years,  Homo 
habilis,  as  these  first  humans  were  called, 
had  evolved  into  Homo  erectus  with  double 
the  brain  size  of  the  Australopithecines. 
Brain  size  then  remained  fairly  constant 
until  the  next  great  advance,  which 
produced  the  Neanderthals  around  150,000 
years  ago. 

The  association  of  the  increase  in  brain  size 
with  the  emergence  of  technology  in  the 
form  of  stone  tools  is  no  coincidence.  This 
period  marks  the  time  when  humans  were 
first  beginning  to  substitute  cultural  for 
biological  means  of  adapting  to  the 
environment  with  enormous  effects  on  the 
subsequent  evolution  of  the  human 
species. 

Culture  softens  the  need  to  adapt 
biologically —  either  via  natural  selection  or 
via  acchmatization  during  an  individual's 
lifetime — for  a  variety  of  environmental 
stresses.  For  example,  humans  have  long 
existed  in  temperate  chmates  where 
survival  without  fire,  clothing  and  shelter 
would  be  impossible.  Similarly,  many 
humans  living  in  cold  climates  today  have 
never  experienced  sufficient  cold  stress  to 
develop  physiological  acclimatization 
responses  during  their  lifetimes.  Culture 
thus  acts  as  a  buffer,  or  screen,  between 
humans  and  their  environments. 

At  the  same  time,  possession  of  the  cultural 
means  of  adapting  has  led  to  some  novel 
biological  characteristics  of  the  human 
species.  For  example,  culture  has  allowed 
humans  to  penetrate  almost  every  type  of 
terrestrial  environment.  In  each 
environment,  however,  are  problems 
which  cannot  be  dealt  with  culturally  but 
which  require  biological  adaptation.  The 
deleterious  effects  of  both  too  much  and 
too  little  ultra-violet  radiation  is  one 
example;  biological  adaptation  to  this 
problem  has  led  to  the  wide  variation  in 


skin  color  characteristics  of  the  human 
species.  At  the  same  time,  culture  allows 
almost  any  geographic  barrier  to  be 
traversed,  thus  eliminating  the  possibihty 
of  long  term  genetic  isolation  and 
speciation.  The  result  is  a  species  which 
exhibits  great  variation  in  certain  traits,  but 
which,  in  terms  of  overall  genetic  distance, 
exhibits  only  miniscule  differences  among 
geographically  defined  populations. 

Last,  culture  is  a  ftne  all-purpose  tool  with 
which  to  meet  the  challenge  of  varying 
environments.  It  allows  rapid  adjustments 
to  changing  conditions,  flexibihty  of 
response,  and  the  invention  of  entirely  new 
ways  of  adapting.  To  the  extent  that  the  use 
of  culture  is  associated  with  intelligence, 
those  who  are  brainier  will  be  favored  by 
natural  selection.  Thus,  the  evolutionary 
increase  m  bram  size — a  biological 
phenomenon — was  stimulated  by  the 
ever-increasing  substitution  of  cultural  for 
biological  means  of  adapting. 

The  preceding  discussion  is  relevant  to 
another  old  debate  in  anthropology'  (and  in 
numerous  other  disciphnes)  centering  on 
the  degree  to  which  human  behaviour  is 
determined  by  our  biological  or  our  cultural 
nature.  This  controversy  has  flared  anew 
with  the  popularization  of  the  notion  that 
specific  human  behaviours  are  more-or-less 
determined  by  the  genes.  One  of  the  more 
certain  ways  of  insuring  a  lively,  and  often 
acrimonious,  debate  is  to  whisper  the  word 
"sociobiology"  in  a  crowd  of  academics. 
Within  anthropology  itself,  the  ghost  of 
Margaret  Mead  (who  was  one  of  the  most 
forceful  proponents  of  the  pre-eminence  of 
culture  in  determining  behaviour)  has  been 
conjured  up  and  ntually  slain.  In  truth,  we 
can  escape  neither  our  biological  nor  our 
cultural  heritage,  but  claims  of  strict 
biological  determinism  for  specific  human 
behaviours  ignores  the  pattern  of  human 
evolutionary  history.  Thus,  although 
human  behaviour  is  ultimately  grounded  in 
a  biological  structure — the  brain — the 
organ  itself,  by  allowing  flexible,  learned 
cultural  responses  to  environmental 
stimuh  has  ehminated  much  of  the 
necessity  for  genetic  selection  of  specific 
forms  of  behaviour.  There  simply  is  no 
opportunity  for  genetic  selection  to  occur  if 
cultural  solutions  are  found  to 
environmental  problems  and  challenges. 
Thus,  although  the  origins  of  humanity 
must  be  traced  to  the  causes  and  early 
evolution  of  bipedalism,  it  is  the  pattern  of 
disengaging  behaviour  from  the  control  of 
the  genes — a  pattern  that  began  to  emerge 
almost  two  million  years  ago — that  makes 
us  truly  human.  ■ 


The  Biblical  Origins  of 

Exegesis:  Roots  of  Jewish  Midrash 


by  Michael  Fishbane 


13 


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Michael  Fishbane,  Samuel  Lane  Associate 
Professor  of  Jewish  Religious  History  and 
Social  Ethics  Department  of  Near  Eastern 
and  Judaic  Studies,  is  a  prominent  biblical 
scholar  who  has  written  widely  on  biblical 
studies  and  Jewish  thought.  Among  his 
books  are  Text  and  Texture:  Close 
Readings  of  Selected  Biblical  Texts  and 
Biblical  Interpretation  in  Ancient  Israel. 
Since  coming  to  Brandeis  in  1 969,  he  has 
been  visiting  professor  at  Stanford 
University  and  at  the  Hebrew  University 
in  Jerusalem,  where  he  was  a  Lady  Davis 
Fellow. 


As  we  try  to  explore  our  cultural  origins  and 
the  sources  which  have  shaped  our 
civilization,  there  is  one  document  which 
stands  out  among  all  others — the  Hebrew 
Bible.  But  it  is  not  the  Bible  alone  which  has 
had  a  profound  impact  upon  Western 
Civilization.  It  is  rather  the  Bible  through 
interpretations  of  it:  The  biblical 
commentaries  and  canon  law  of  the  Church 
Fathers  and  medieval  Christian 
ecclesiatics;  the  suras  and  tafsirs  of 
classical  Islamic  literature;  and  the 
volumes  of  Jewish  exegetical 
hterature — beginning  with  the  Midrash, 
continuing  with  the  Talmuds,  the 
medieval  codes,  the  many  volumes  of 
Midrash,  and  the  ramified  mystical  and 
philosophical  allegories.  Reflecting  on  the 
importance  and  range  of  this  creativity,  an 
old  Talmudic  repartee  comes  to  mind. 
"What  IS  Scripture?"  it  was  asked.  And  the 
answer:  "The  interpretation  of  Scripture." 

I  might  add  that  the  importance  of  textual 
interpretations  is  not  limited  to  western 
religions  or  traditional  cultures.  In 
Buddhism,  for  example,  Gautama  Buddha 
stressed  that  each  individual  must  find  his 
own  religious  path  and  not  depend  upon  the 
inherited  traditions  of  the  past.  But 
remarkably,  in  only  a  few  generations,  the 
human  Buddha  was  reinterpreted  as  a 
transcendent  source  of  wisdom  (as  a  God,  in 
fact)  and  his  teachings  were  reinterpreted 
by  generations  of  scholars.  At  the  onset  of 
the  modern  world  the  case  of  Benedict 
Spinoza  comes  to  mmd  as  another 
instructive  example.  Violently  opposed  to 
the  rabbinic  and  medieval  philosophical 
tradition  which  he  inherited,  Spinoza 
reinterpreted  the  philosophical  concepts 
which  he  inhented  in  the  very  process  of 
trying  to  give  expression  to  his  new 
thinking.  And  finally,  who  can  think  of  the 
modern  world  without  the  commentaries 
on  Freud  and  Marx'  Indeed,  so  much  is 
interpretation  a  fundamental  feature  of  our 
human  world  that  Thomas  Mann,  in  his 
celebrated  essay  on  Freud,  pointedly 
referred  to  our  "zitathaftes  Leben  "  by 
which  he  meant  our  life  of  citation  and 
interpretation,  our  life  which  reinterprets 
itself  by  reinterpreting  the  past. 

And  so,  with  some  inevitabihty,  we  ask: 
What  are  the  origins  of  this  phenomenon  of 
exegesis,  so  characteristic  of  western 
civilization  and  Judaism  in  particular?  Is  it 
the  product  of  the  Graeco-Roman  world? 
Perhaps  so,  some  would  claim,  insofar  as 
many  of  the  terms  used  in  early  Jewish 
commentaries  are  translated  from 
Graeco-Roman  rhetoric,  and  insofar  as  the 
great  Alexandrian  grammarians  were 


collating  and  interpreting  the  texts  of 
Homer  at  just  the  same  time  as  the  early 
rabbis  were  evaluating  manuscripts  and 
engaged  in  early  scriptural  mterpretation. 
Or,  perhaps,  its  origins  are  deeper,  and 
antecede  Hellenism  and  the  onset  of 
rabbinic  Judaism. 

Clearly,  the  paths  that  lead  to  an  answer  are 
multiple  and  complex.  Therefore,  in  the 
ensuing  discussion,  we  shall  take  up  only 
one  aspect  of  the  question  and  explore  the 
origins  of  fewish  Scriptural 
interpretation — of  Midrash — within  the 
Hebrew  Bible  itself.  For  our  purposes  the 
"bibhcal"  penod  extends  roughly  from 
1200  to  200  Before  the  Common  Era  (BCE); 
that  IS,  from  the  earliest  dateable 
documents  of  ancient  Israel  down  to  its 
latest  ones,  which  coincide  with  the  onset 
of  classical  Judaism  and  post-biblical 
interpretations.  In  order  to  simplify  a 
complicated  topic  and  yet  provide  some 
cultural  and  historical  perspective  to  our 
theme,  I  shall  filter  examples  culled  from 
ancient  Israelite  exegesis  (interpretations 
found  within  the  Bible)  through  the 
following  three  categories:  I.  Crisis,  2. 
Developments,  and  3.  Transformations. 

Crisis.  To  begin  our  exploration,  let  us 
reflect  on  the  following,  simple  point.  For 
texts  to  be  accurately  transmitted  or 
studied,  or  for  their  contents  to  be  put  into 
practice,  they  had  to  be  understood.  But 
what  if  the  content  was  less  than  fully 
comprehensible-  Quite  clearly,  the 
potential  crisis  involved  here  is  more  than  a 
textual  one,  and  has  serious 
cultural-religious  implications.  For  how 
could  the  past  be  remembered  or  the  divine 
commandments  observed  if  the  words  or 
syntax  of  a  given  text  were  unclear?  A  study 
of  the  biblical  evidence  shows  different 
resolutions.  In  some  cases,  scribes  inserted 
updated  versions  of  a  word  into  a  later  copy 
of  the  text  (frequently,  for  example,  in  the 
Books  of  Chronicles,  which  inherited  the 
histories  found  in  the  Books  of  Samuel  and 
Kings  but  often  contemporized  the  older 
vocabulary).  In  other  cases,  new  words  were 
actually  added  alongside  older  ones.  An 
interesting  example  is  found  in  the  Book  of 
Leviticus,  amid  a  series  of  rules  prohibiting 
mixtures  of  various  kinds.  It  is  stated  that  a 
person  cannot  wear  a  "mixed  garment" 
(I.e.,  of  mixed  cloth).  Apparently,  the 
Hebrew  word  for  such  rmxed  cloth, 
kilayim,  was  too  vague  for  the  teacher  or 
copyist  of  the  text,  since  he  added  right  after 
the  word  kilayim  the  new  word 
shatnez — which  obviously  must  have  been 
perfectly  understandable  to  him.  However, 
at  a  later  stage,  when  these  rules  were 
incorporated  into  the  Book  of 
Deuteronomy,  the  word  shatnez  was  no 


longer  commonly  understood,  and  so  the 
explicit  explanation  "wool  and  flax"  was 
added  to  the  text  and  this  is  probably  its 
meaning,  being  comparable  to  certain 
ancient  Egyptian  and  Coptic  words. 

The  process  we  have  just  described — and  it 
can  be  multiphed — is  of  considerable 
interest,  for  it  shows  the  ongomg  lexical 
"updating"  of  the  words  of  Scripture  within 
Scripture  itself.  The  importance  of  this 
phenomenon  cannot  be  minimized,  for  we 
are  dealing  with  human  comments 
incorporated  into  texts  attributed  with 
divine  authority.  Through  such 
incorporation,  the  additions  were 
authorized  and  their  innovative  character 
camouflaged.  One  important  implication 
of  this  phenomenon  is  that,  already  within 
the  bibhcal  period,  the  Scriptural  text  is  a 
mixture  of  text  and  interpretation,  of 
received  authoritative  teachings  and 
ongoing  human  teachings.  The  cultural  and 
theological  signihcance  of  this  goes  beyond 
the  present  discussion — but  it  is  obvious 
enough. 

Let  us  now  tum  to  another  type  of  "crisis" 
that  often  gave  rise  to  exegesis:  the  lack  of 
textural  comprehensiveness.  Certainly  this 
IS  a  basic  problem  for  bibhcal  law,  since  the 
bibhcal  law  collections  are  not  (singly  or 
altogether)  comprehensive.  For  example, 
there  are  few  (and  often  no)  rules  in  the 
Bible  concerning  such  basic  issues  as  birth, 
marnage,  burial,  or  adoption;  about 
varieties  of  business  transactions;  or, 
indeed,  about  many  of  the  safeguards  and 
procedures  normally  considered  essential 
to  establishing  a  legal  society.  What  is 
recorded  in  our  biblical  collections  is, 
rather,  typical  cases  (some  of  which  were 
based  on  precedents,  others  on  theory) 
which  had  been  passed  down  in  legal  circles 
for  centunes.  Because  of  this  fact,  there  are 
many  gaps  m  the  law  and  many  ambiguities 
which  required  continuous 
supplementation  and  clarification.  Let  us 
bnefly  consider  several  typical  problems 
and  solutions. 

What  if  a  case  arose  and  there  were  no  legal 
provisions  to  deal  with  it?  A  famous 
example  occurs  in  the  Book  of  Numbers 
(ch.  27),  purportedly  during  the  nation's 
wandering  from  Sinai  to  Canaan.  At  that 
time,  the  daughters  of  Zelophehad 
complained  to  Moses  that  their  patrimony 
was  about  to  be  lost  since  they  had  no 
brothers  and  they,  as  females,  had  no 
inheritance  rights.  Moses  heard  their 
complaint,  but  was  unable  to  adjudicate  the 
matter.  And  so  he  consulted  the  divme 
oracle.  The  result  was  a  new  divine 
revelation — added  to  the  earher  Sinatic 


revelation.  In  another  instance,  found 
among  the  regulations  in  the  Book  of 
Exodus  (ch.  23),  it  is  stated  that  arable  land 
must  he  fallow  every  seventh  year.  But 
while  this  rule  is  clear,  it  is  also  not 
comprehensive  enough.  For  the  question 
would  inevitably  arise,  and  it  undoubtedly 
did,  what  was  the  rule  if  a  person  had  a 
vineyard  or  olivegrove — could  they  be  used, 
or  are  they  also  subject  to  sabbatical 
prohibitions?  In  order  to  answer  this 
question,  and  so  make  the  old  rule  more 
comprehensive,  an  answer  was  added  to  the 
text.  Significantly,  this  addition  was  later 
obscured  by  the  legal  draftsmen  who 
incorporated  it  into  the  Book  of  Leviticus 
(ch.  25) — for  the  older  rule  was  spliced  into 
a  more  comprehensive  legal  formulation. 
In  both  texts,  then,  human  legal 
interpretations  were  incorporated  into  the 
rules  attributed  to  divine  authority,  and 
thereby  were  fundamentally  transformed. 

As  a  hnal  example  of  the  role  of  "crisis"  in 
the  rise  of  exegesis,  let  us  briefly  tum  to  the 
notion  of  contradiction.  Self-evidently, 
contradictions  can  arise  at  a  variety  of 
levels  and  so  generate  a  variety  of  textual 
and  cultural  solutions.  Thus,  the  prod  to 
exegesis  may  be  when  two  laws,  deriving 
from  different  historical  and  cultic  spheres 
but  authorized  by  the  same  legislator,  are 
brought  into  confrontation  for  certain 
reasons.  An  example  would  be  the 
regulation  in  Exodus  12  which  says  that  the 
paschal  lamb  must  be  roasted,  whereas  the 
formulation  in  Deuteronomy  16  says  that  it 
must  be  boiled  (and  also  allows  the  use  of 
large  heads  of  cattle).  The  solution  found  in 
the  relatively  late  Book  of  Chronicles  (ch. 
35)  IS  strained  and  somewhat  desperate  and 
certainly  a  less  elegant  resolution  than  the 
rabbinic  harmonization  of  several  centuries 
later.  For,  faced  with  this  apparent 
contradition  but  unable  to  reject  either 
divine  rule,  the  historian  blended  the  two 
texts  and  stated  that  one  should  boil  the 
paschal  offering  in  fire!  Not  only  this,  but 
he  added  that  just  this  practice  was  the 
statute  recorded  in  the  Torah  of  Moses. 
Through  such  illogic  and  forced 
authorization  of  exegetical  solutions,  our 
writer  speaks  volumes  about  the  new  crises 
that  arose  for  a  religious  culture  based  on 
divine  words  that  appeared  contradictory, 
and  about  the  options  for  resolution  that 
were  available. 

In  addition  to  legal  cases,  contradictions 
also  arose  around  theological  issues.  For 
example,  in  the  revelation  of  God  to  Moses 
in  Exodus  34,  God  is  presented  as  a  merciful 
deity  who  can  in  fact  defer  punishment  to 
the  third  and  fourth  generation  of  a  guilty 

Continued  on  page  34 


The  Origins  of  Christian  Art: 
Resistance  and  Compromise 


by  Joachim  E.  Gaehde 


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::^^^. 


Joachim  E.  Gaehde,  Sydney  and  Ellen  Wien 
Professor  in  the  History  of  Art.  has  earned  a 
reputation  as  a  leading  historian  of  early 
medieval  art.  His  book,  CaroJingian 
Paintmg,  has  been  translated  into  several 
languages.  A  recent  contribution  entitled 
"The  Rise  of  Christian  Art"  appeared  in  the 
book,  The  Christian  World.  Prior  to  coming 
to  Brandeis  in  1962,  Professor  Gaehde 
taught  at  Harvard  University  and  was 
research  fellow  in  the  history  of  art  at  the 
American  Academy  in  Rome.  He  also  was 
a  fellow  of  the  Byzantine  Research 
Institute  at  Dumbarton  Oaks  in 
Washington,  D.  C. 


The  roJe  of  the  arts  in  society  lias  frequentJy 
been  a  matter  of  fierce  contention.  For 
instance,  Plato,  whiJe  strongly  feeling  the 
lure  of  poetry  and  pamting,  nevertheless 
excluded  them  from  his  ideal  republic  as 
being  far  removed  from  essential  truth. 
Also,  there  are  religions  which,  for  good 
reason,  exclude  imagery  from  their  places 
of  worship.  It  is  not  easy  to  remember  that 
Christianity  was  originally  one  of  these 
when  one  stands,  for  instance,  in  the  Sistine 
Chapel. 

For  about  two  centuries  after  the 
foundation  of  Christianity,  there  was  no 
Christian  art.  The  written  sources  of  this 
period  do  not  tell  us  why  this  was  so.  But 
the  few  surviving  references  to  visual  art, 
written  by  theologians  at  the  beginning  of 
the  third  century,  clearly  convey  their 
hostile  attitude.  Tertullian,  for  example, 
was  scandalized  by  depictions  of  the  Good 
Shepherd  on  glass  cups  and,  in  his  work  On 
Idolatry,  he  wrote  that  artists,  should  they 
want  to  become  Christians,  must  give  up 
their  art  and  become  humble  workmen. 
Most  revealing  is  the  eloquent  argument  of 
Minucius  Felix  addressed  to  his  pagan 
friends:  "Do  you  suppose  we  conceal  our 
objects  of  worship  .  .  .  1  What  image  can  I 
make  of  God  when,  rightly  considered,  man 
is  an  image  of  God?  Is  not  the  mind  a  better 
place  of  dedication,  our  inmost  heart  of 
consecration?"  These  passages  suggest  that 


the  early  Church  avoided  the  visual  arts  as 
manifestations  of  pagan  custom  and  that 
"graven  images,"  already  prohibited  by 
Mosaic  law,  could  too  easily  lend 
themselves  to  idolatric  abuse. 

By  the  end  of  the  third  century,  however, 
imagery  was  irrevocably  established  as  an 
integral  part  of  Christian  life.  Why  this 
happened  is  still  a  matter  of  general 
assumptions.  Was  it  the  price  of  success?  It 
is,  indeed,  most  likely  that  the  growing 
Christian  communities  had  no  choice  but 
to  adapt  themselves  to  the  cultural 
traditions  of  the  Roman  empire. 

Most  of  the  earliest  preserved  wall 
paintings  appear  in  the  funerary  context  of 
the  catacombs.  Their  decorative  schemes 
follow  those  found  in  contemporary  pagan 
houses  or  tombs.  The  walls  and  ceilings  are 
divided  by  thin  frames  into  a  variety  of 
geometric  fields  in  which  small 
insubstantial  figures  were  painted  in  a 
sketchy  style  no  different  from  that  used  by 
pagans.  Also  borrowed  from  pagan  contexts 
are  floral  motifs,  birds,  cupids  and 
personifications  of  the  seasons,  all 
innocuous  subjects  of  generalized  felicity 
acceptable  to  pagan  and  Christian  alike. 

Other  images,  however,  are  Christian  in 
content:  the  Good  Shepherd,  Adam  and 
Eve,  the  adoration  of  the  Magi,  scenes  of 


baptism,  Christ  as  the  fisher  of  men,  fish 
and  bread  or  communal  banquets,  the  last 
two  alluding  to  the  Eucharist.  Most 
subjects  are  based  on  the  Old  Testament 
and,  in  lesser  number,  on  the  New;  most 
show  instances  of  the  deliverance  of  the 
faithful  from  death  or  want. 

The  painters  who  executed  these  images 
were  routine  artisans  at  best  and  they  did 
not  create  them  on  their  own,  solely 
inspired  by  Scnpture  or  liturgy.  They 
extracted  and  adapted  their  figures  from  the 
vast  repertory  of  paganism.  This  was  not 
difhcult  because  pagan  models  often 
earned  similar  connotations  of  piety  and 
salvation.  The  Good  Shepherd  of  the 
parables  of  the  Gospels  of  Luke  and  John, 
for  example,  had  various  precedents:  the 
bucolic  imagery  cherished  by  pagan  city 
dwellers,  or  Hermes  Knophorus 
representing  philanthropy  to  the  pagans,  or, 
in  some  versions,  the  figure  of  Orpheus, 
focus  of  a  mystery  cult. 

Jewish  pictorial  sources  arc  also  likely  to 
have  been  used  although  evidence  is  here 
more  circumstantial.  It  is  certainly  no 
coincidence  that  the  lews  renounced  their 
taboo  against  images  at  about  the  same 
time  as  the  Christians,  if  not  somewhat 
earher.  As  seen,  for  instance,  in  the 
mid-third  century  paintings  of  the 
synagogue  at  Dura  Europos,  which 
presuppose  earlier  Jewish  models,  they  also 
adapted  current  pictorial  forms  to  affirm 
the  reality  of  redemption  by  reference  to 
their  past  history. 

There  is,  however,  a  significant  difference 
between  the  murals  of  the  synagogue  and 
the  Christian  paintings.  Many  of  the  panels 
m  the  synagogue  preserve  some  narrative 
continuity  and  present  themselves  as 
paradigmatic  tales  in  the  manner  common 
to  late  antiquity  in  general.  The  Christian 
images,  on  the  other  hand,  are  for  the  most 
part  so  abbreviated  that  they  convey  but 
one  message;  deliverance  through  divine 
intervention  and  through  the  sacraments  of 
baptism  and  the  Eucharist.  It  is  this 
message  that  must  have  justified  imagery 
to  the  Christians,  but  reluctance  to  express 
spiritual  truths  through  art  is  still 
discernible. 

Until  and  beyond  the  middle  of  the  third 
century,  the  paintings  are  generally  so 
abridged  and  cursory  that  they  cannot  be 
thought  of  as  art  in  the  usual  sense.  They 
were  rather  meant  to  be  hgurative 
short-hand  signs  which  were  to  evoke 
mental  associations  with  the  central  ideas 
of  the  Christian  mystery.  Their  descriptive 
form,  using  the  pseudo-illusionistic 


language  also  current  in  contemporary 
pagan  imagery,  is  signitive  rather  than 
symbohc.  A  sign  merely  passes  on  a 
meaning  while  it  is  an  indifferent  thing  in 
Itself,  whereas  a  symbol  makes  the  form  of 
the  sign  respond  to  the  idea  signified.  This 
was  not  to  appear  in  Christian  art  until  the 
later  fourth  century. 

Visualization  of  religious  concepts  by 
means  of  "sign  images"  had  been  part  of 
pictorial  programs  of  some  mystery  cults 
and  It  is  also  found  in  Jewish  contexts.  The 
earhest  Christians  painters,  however,  used 
this  pictographic  language  only.  As 
commonplace  as  the  paintings  are  in  type 
and  style  so  are  they  overcharged  with 
content.  A  small  still-life  showing  a  fish 
and  a  basket  of  bread  (fig.  1)  would  have 
brought  to  mind  the  entire  mystery  of  the 
Eucharist.  Pagans  might  not  have 
understood  the  meaning  of  such  an  image 
lut  it  is  a  mistaken  notion  to  see  it  as  a 

secret"  sign,  just  as  it  is  mistaken  to 
assume  that  the  catacombs  were  "secret" 
meeting  and  hiding  places  during  the 
persecutions.  They  were  the  answer  to 

seal  needs.  The  cost  of  available  land 
made  it  advantageous  to  go  underground  as 
much  as  was  needed. 

From  about  the  mid- third  century  onward, 
the  style  of  catacomb  painting  began  to 
change.  Larger,  more  individualized  and 
more  carefully  painted  figures  appear  and 
bear  witness  to  the  tastes  of  affluent 
Christians  and  their  ability  to  engage  more 
skilled  artists  trained  in  the  classizing 
styles  current  in  contemporary  pagan  art. 
This  trend  is  especially  marl<;ed  in 
Christian  marble  sarcophagi,  a  fact  not  too 
surprising  as  many  workshops  served  pagan 
as  well  as  Christian  cbents.  In  addition  to 
subjects  known  from  catacomb  painting, 
there  appear  figures  in  the  act  of  reading  or 
teaching,  a  subject  taken  fiom  pagan 
sarcophagi  where  the  deceased  is 
represented  as  a  philosopher.  On  a 
Christian  sarcophagus  |fig.  2)  the 
philosopher  image  now  shows  that  the 
deceased  had  been  initiated  into  "True 
Wisdom,"  the  teachings  of  Christ  which 
\Hiuchsafe  salvation  to  the  baptised  as 
alluded  to  in  the  reliefs  on  each  side:  Jonah 
delivered  and  the  Good  Shepherd  followed 
by  the  baptism  of  Christ. 

However,  in  a  large  series  of  Christian 
sarcophagi  turned  out  by  Roman 
workshops  about  the  time  of  the  Peace  of 
the  Church  under  Constantine  the  Great, 
the  traditional  styUstic  vein  of  pagan 
funerary  sculpture  adapted  to  Christian  use 
was  abandoned.  These  so-called  frieze 
sarcophagi  (fig.  3)  exhibit  instead  a 


vulgarized  style  which,  current  in  the  lower 
strata  of  Roman  society  and  the  provinces 
for  centuries,  Constantine  had  seen  fit  to  be 
employed,  between  3 1 2  and  3 1 5,  for  reliefs 
on  his  triumphal  arch  in  Rome  depicting 
his  campaign  and  victory  over  Maxentius. 
Of  course,  these  sarcophagi  do  not  deploy 
their  figures  and  scenes  to  represent  a 
coherent  historical  narrative  as  do  the 
rehefs  on  Constantine's  arch.  The  central 
female,  the  Orans,  seems  to  mvoke,  by  her 
prayer  gesture,  precedents  of  salvation  by 
divine  intervention  culled  from  the  Old 
Testament,  the  Gospels  and  apocr>'phal 
stories  of  the  life  of  St.  Peter  which  are 
randomly  signified  by  the  figures  to  both 
her  sides.  The  obvious  aim  was  to  include 
as  much  of  the  Christian  message  into 
limited  space  as  was  possible.  This  stresses 
again  the  importance  of  content  over  form, 
which  was  made  deliberately  tenuous  by 
indifference  to  its  aesthetic  values. 

Roman  sarcophagi  produced  during  the 
second  quarter  of  the  fourth  century 
gradually  returned  to  a  classicizing  style 
and  new  themes  reflecting  new  concerns 
came  to  the  fore.  This  trend  reached  a  Jiigh 
point  in  the  sarcophagus  of  Junius  Bassus, 
city  prefect  of  Rome,  who  died  in  359.  (fig. 
4)  While  the  style  of  this  work  shows  an 
almost  saccharine  sweetness  in  its  attempt 
to  recapture  echoes  of  classical  art,  the 
single  scenes  are  more  easily  accessible 
than  the  repetitive  invocations  of  the  frieze 
sarcophagi.  The  beholder  is  now  invited  to 
look  at  events  before  pondering  over  their 
meaning. 

Besides  the  still  random  distnbution  of 
such  Old  Testament  scenes  as  the  sacnfice 
of  Isaac,  the  suffering  of  Job,  Adam  and  Eve, 
and  Daniel  in  the  lions'  den,  there  are  now 
also  such  "historical"  representations  as 
Christ  brought  before  Pilate,  Christ 
entering  Jerusalem,  and  Paul  arrested  and 
led  to  his  execution.  Also  new  and  most 
important  by  its  central  placing  is  the 
representation  of  Christ  transfernng  the 
New  Law  to  the  Apostles  Peter  and  Paul. 
This  so-called  Traditio  Legis  introduces  an 
official  and  ceremonial  subject  which  refers 
to  doctrine.  Christ  is  no  longer  disguised  as 
the  Good  Shepherd,  Orpheus  or  as  any 
other  kind  of  allusive  substitute;  he  is  now 
enthroned  as  the  world  ruler  whose  feet  rest 
on  a  veil  held  by  Coelus  representing 
heaven  and  taken  fiom  the  context  of 
imperial  allegory. 

Thus,  after  the  middle  of  the  fourth 
century.  Christian  imagery  began  to 
become  official  and  to  compete  openly  with 
the  art  of  the  pagans  who,  around  400, 
launched  a  strong  classical  revival  linked  to 


a  last  attempt  to  preserve  the  ancient  cults 
of  state.  Short-lived  as  it  was,  this  pagan 
revival  movement  had  a  strong  impact  on 
Christian  art.  Indeed,  the  finest  works  of  a 
group  of  Christian  ivories  made  in  Italy 
around  the  turn  of  the  century  succeeded  in 
transcending  the  self-conscious  coolness  of 
the  pagan  examples.  A  plaque  representing 
the  three  Marys  at  the  tomb  of  Christ  and 
his  ascension  (fig.  5)  narrates  these  events 
with  eloquence.  Two  concepts  are 
embodied  in  this  small  ivory  which  were 
destined  to  guide  art  for  centuries  to  come: 
the  rendering  of  the  transcendental  as  a 
reality  and  the  portrayal  of  religious 
emotion. 

The  impact  of  such  early  fifth  century 
works  as  this  ivory  was  to  be  felt  m  the 
narrative  and  didactic  art  of  the  early 
medieval  west.  The  most  characteristic 
contnbution  of  the  Byzantine  east,  on  the 
other  hand,  was  to  be  the  portraiture  of  the 
Holy,  the  icon. 

Commemorative  portraits  of  holy 
personages  had  become  popular  already  by 
the  fourth  century.  To  a  society  long 
accustomed  to  official,  private  and  funeran,' 
portraiture,  it  seemed  only  natural  to  extend 
this  practice  into  the  Christian 
environment.  Constantina,  for  instance, 
sister  of  Constantine,  requested  bishop 
Eusebius  to  send  her  a  painted  portrait  of 
Christ.  He  refused,  answenng  that  Christ, 
being  God,  could  not  be  portrayed 
accurately  in  human  form.  From  St. 
Augustine,  about  a  hundred  years  later,  we 
hear  first  of  Christians  actually 
worshipping  images  of  martyrs  displayed  in 
their  tombs  and,  in  another  context,  he 
argued  against  such  images  on  the  grounds 
that  they  must,  necessarily,  contain  an 
element  of  illusion,  a  contradiction  of  that 
higher  truth  "which  is  not 
self-contradictory  and  two-faced."  The 
issue  of  idolatric  abuse  was  most  succinctly 
stated  by  Augustine's  contemporary, 
Epiphanius  of  Salamis  on  Cyprus:  "When 
images  are  put  up,  the  custom  of  the  pagans 
does  the  rest." 

The  eastern  Church  Fathers  of  the  fourth 
and  fifth  centuries,  however,  regarded 
images  favorably.  St.  Basil,  for  instance, 
considered  them  to  be  equal  to  the  written 
word  as  hortatory  devices.  Whatever  the 
theological  arguments,  individual  images 
of  Christ,  the  Virgin  and  saints  became 
increasingly  popular,  and  their 
commemorative  or  didactic  function 
became  overshadowed  by  a  growing  belief 
in  their  miraculous  powers.  After  the 
middle  of  the  sixth  century,  images  are 
reported  to  have  bled  when  attacked,  to 


have  moved  and  spoken,  to  have  cured 
disease,  to  have  granted  some  material 
favor  and  to  have  brought  help  in  times  of 
danger. 

Some  mid-seventh  century  votive  mosaics 
in  St.  Demetrius  at  Salonica  belong  to  this 
class  of  imagery,  insofar  as  their 
inscriptions  give  thanks  to  the  saint  for  his 
succor  dunng  a  naval  attack  by  the  Avars 
and  Slavs,  (fig.  6)  It  is  significant  that  the 
reality  of  the  concerns  that  caused  the 
dignitaries  of  Salonica  to  dedicate  such 
votive  mosaic  has  no  reflection  in  its 
abstracted  style.  A  deliberate  avoidance  of 
nearly  all  pictorial  devices  of  illusionism 
preserved  in  other  seventh  century  works 
of  art  was  here  part  of  the  mosaic's  function 
as  an  object  of  individual  piety,  testifying 
once  more  to  the  touchy  issue  of  the 
"graven  image." 

However,  the  caution  sensed  in  this 
Salonican  mosaic  had  elsewhere  and  earher 
been  worn  down  by  the  growing  role  of 
icons  in  private  and  public  worship.  This  is 
confirmed  by  portable  icons  preserved  in 
the  monastery  of  St.  Catherine  on  Mount 
Sinai.  The  most  beaufiful  of  these  is  a  near 
life-size  portrait  of  Christ,  which  has  been 


dated  to  the  later  sixth  century  by  some         18 
scholars,  and  to  the  late  seventh  by  others, 
(fig.  7)  Faced  with  the  haunting  immediacy 
of  this  image  of  Christ,  the  modem 
observer  has  httle  difficulty  in  imagining 
the  effect  it  must  have  had  on 
contemporary  believers  inclined  to  accord  a 
veneration  to  icons  which,  properly,  only 
belonged  to  their  prototypes.  By  the  same 
token,  one  might,  perhaps,  understand  the 
hostility  of  those  to  whom  such  life-like 
icons  were  proof  of  a  relapse  into  idolatry. 

The  issue  came  to  a  bloody  head  when,  in 
726,  imperial  officers  attempted  to  remove 
an  especially  popular  icon  over  the  entrance 
to  the  imperial  palace  in  Constantinople 
but  encountered  the  murderous  fury  of  the 
populace.  In  730,  the  emperor  Leo  III 
decreed  the  destruction  of  all  holy  images 
and  from  then  on,  save  for  a  period  under 
the  Empress  Irene  from  780  to  802, 
iconoclasm  prevailed  in  the  East  until  the 
final  restitution  of  images  and  the  triumph 
of  orthodoxy  m  843. 

Iconoclasm  deflected  the  course  of 
Byzantine  reUgjous  art  for  more  than  a 
century'  but  from  the  arguments  between 
iconoclasts  and  orthodox  emerged  a  clear 
definition  of  holy  images.  Against  the 
iconoclasts'  contention  that  divine  nature 
cannot  be  encompassed  by  "the  ilHcit  craft 
of  the  painter,"  it  was  reasoned  that  the 
image  must  not  be  confused  with  its 
subject.  The  icon  is  only  an  imitation  of  the 
person  depicted,  just  as  man  was  made  in 
the  image  of  God.  It  reflects  the  invisible  as 
a  shadow  is  cast  by  a  material  object  and  as 
the  Father  produced  the  Son  in  the 
incarnation  of  Christ.  The  image,  although 
differing  from  the  prototype  in  its  essence, 
IS  nevertheless  identical  with  it  according 
to  its  meaning,  and  the  honor,  not  worship, 
accorded  it,  is  passed  on  through  the  image 
to  its  prototype. 

It  was  this  orthodox  definition  of  the  icon 
which  safeguarded  its  survival  even  after 
the  fall  of  Constantinople  in  1453. ■ 

lUustiations: 

1.  Eucharistic  Fish  and  Loaves 

Rome,  cemetery  ofDomitilla.  crypt  ofLucina. 
Early  third  century. 

2.  Sarcophagus  of  Santa  Maria  Antiqua,  Rome.  ca. 
260 -270  A. D. 

3.  Frieze  Sarcophagus  Vatican,  Museo  Pio  Christiana. 
Early  fourth  century. 

4.  Sarcophagus  of  fumus  Bassus.  Vatican.  Grottoes  of 
St.  Peter.  359  A.D. 

5.  Ivory  panel:  Holy  women  at  the  Tomb  and 
Ascension.  Munich,  Bayerisches  National- 
museum,  ca.  400  A.D. 

6.  St.  Demetrius  and  donors.  Mosaicin  St.  Demetrius, 
Thessalonici.  ca.  650  A.D. 

7.  Icon  of  Christ.  Monastery  of  St.  Catherine,  Mount 
Sinai,  ca.  700  A.D.  I!j 


Ever  a  "New  Found  Land":  Reflections  on  the  Theme  of 

Origins  in  American  History 


by  lohn  Putnam  Demos 


19 


Vespucci  "Discovering"  Ameiica,  late  sixteenth 
century 


John  Putnam  Demos,  chair  of  the  History 
Department,  was  awarded  the  Bancroft 
Prize  this  year,  and  was  nominated  for  the 
National  Book  Award  for  his  book 
Entertaming  Satan:  Witchcraft  and  the 
Culture  of  Early  New  England.  He  is  also 
the  author  of  A  Little  Commonwealth: 
Family  Life  in  Plymouth  Colony.  Professor 
Demos  came  to  Brandeis  m  1 968, 
following  two  years  as  a  teaching  fellow  at 
Harvard  University.  He  also  taught  history 
in  Ghana  for  several  years  as  member  of 
the  U.S.  Peace  Corps. 


Our  textbooks  tell  us  that  when  Columbus 
discovered  America,  he  didn't  know  what  it 
was.  He  was  anticipating  a  landfall  in  the 
Orient,  and  he  hopefully  called  the  natives 
"Indians."  In  fact,  he  may  have  known 
more  than  he  hrst  let  on;  but  this 
conventional  account,  whether  or  not  it 
falsifies  Columbus,  serves  to  identify  a 
deeper  truth  about  the  process  of  discovery. 
Europeans  of  that  bygone  era— far  more 
"medieval"  than  "modern" — did  not 
expect  to  discover  new  lands,  new 
principles,  new  forms  of  human 
community.  This  was,  of  course,  the 
essence  of  their  traditional  outlook:  truth 
was  assumed  to  be  a  known,  or  at  least  a 
fixed,  property.  Theirs  was  a 
Weltanschauung  of  long-established 
borders,  inelastic  quantities,  and  structural 
regularities  inherited  from  time  out  of 
mind. 

One  sign  of  all  this  was  their  difficulty  in 
describing  the  New  World,  even  after  they 
realized  that  it  was  not  part  of  the  old  one. 
Again  and  again  the  "explorers"  of  America 
struggled  to  make  word-pictures  of  their 
experiences — for  their  colleagues  and 
patrons,  and  increasingly  for  the  wider 
literate  public.  Yet  these  pictures,  when 
examined  from  the  vantage-point  of 
today,  are  remarkably  vague,  fuzzy, 
platitudinous — in  a  word,  unreal.  In  part, 
the  problem  was  a  problem  of  description  in 
the  narrow  sense — reflecting,  that  is,  a  lack 
of  literary  and  linguistic  conventions 
sufhcient  to  deal  with  such  unfamihar 
material.  But  I  suggest  there  was  also  a 
problem  oi  perception  m  a  deeper  sense. 
Briefly  and  crudely  put:  they  had  a  hard 
time  seeing  the  New  World  straight,  for 
what  it  truly  was.  In  fact,  to  read  the 
literature  of  exploration  is  to  enter  a  kind  of 


dream-world,  in  which  size,  shape, 
color — indeed  every  object  of 
sense-perception — seems  distorted. 
Moreover,  hke  most  dream-worlds,  this 
one  runs  to  positive  and  negative 
extremes — m  short,  is  polarized.  On  the 
one  hand,  the  New  World  comes  across  as  a 
kind  of  paradise,  a  "garden"  full  of  beauty 
and  bounty,  where  life  is  longer,  happier, 
sweeter  than  anything  known  elsewhere. 
On  the  other  hand,  it  is  a  special  kind  of 
Hell,  a  "wildemess"  that  teems  with 
fearsome  beasts,  savage  men  (cannibals,  for 
instance),  and  all  manner  of  lurking  danger. 
These  two  pictures — "image"  and 
"anti-image,"  as  Howard  Mumford  Jones 
has  called  them— compete  directly  with 
one  another  in  a  century's  worth  of 
exploration  literature.  And  there  is  little 
enough  in  between — little,  that  is,  of 
intermediate  positions,  where  opportunity 
and  danger,  good  and  evil,  are  combined  in  a 
real-world  blend.  But,  the  New  World  was 
not  the  real  world  for  most  16th-century 
Europeans;  instead  it  was  more  like  a  giant 
fantasy-screen,  on  which  their  highest 
hopes  and  darkest  fears  stood  sharply 
projected.  Historians  who  study  this 
material  are  not  unlike  clinicians  amassing 
Rorschach  records.  Which  is  almost  to  say 
that  in  its  origins  America  was  an  inkblot 
before  it  became  an  actual  place. 

Lest  the  metaphor  carry  us  all  away,  I  want 
to  shift  at  this  point  from  the  period  of 
discovery  to  the  period  of  settlement,  and 
thus  from  problems  of  perception  to 
problems  of  survival  and  of  adaptation.  And 
in  so  doing,  I  shall  narrow  the  focus  from 
"the  New  World"  as  a  whole  to  those 
regions  within  it  which  eventually  became 
the  U.  S.  of  A. 

Virtually  all  the  earhest  settlements  in 
North  America — from  Spanish  Florida, 
through  English  Virginia  and  Dutch  New 
Netherland,  right  up  to  Puritan  New 
England— began  under  circumstances  of 
extreme  difficulty.  There  were  "starving 
times."  There  were  grave  social  and 
political  disorders.  There  was  death  and 
misery  all  around.  In  most  cases,  the  worst 
of  these  experiences  passed  within  a  few 
years;  but  even  then— and  for  decades 
thereafter— life  in  the  new  communities 
was  laborious,  unpredictable,  sometimes 
cruel.  The  settlers  responded  to  such 
conditions  with  a  curious  mix  of  courage 
and  terror.  The  courage — nonchalance 
might  almost  be  a  better  word— was 
manifest  in  the  way  they  attacked  their 
difhculties:  attacked  the  wilderness  and 
cleared  it  so  as  to  plant  their  crops;  attacked 
the  native  peoples  (the  Indians)  whenever 


-^  -.  r^a/Atu/'etf     i 

they  were  crossed;  attacked  the  problem  of 
social  disorder  by  creating  new  systems  of 
authority  and  control.  If  one  stands  back 
and  thinks  about  it,  the  sheer  strength — the 
chutzpah — in  their  response  is 
extraordinary.  These  were  people,  after  all, 
with  no  prior  experience  of  a  woodland 
environment,  people  who  had  never  known 
others  of  different  race  and  language  and 
culture,  people  who  were  apparently 
unprepared  for  any  aspect  of 
community-building.  Occasionally,  to  be 
sure,  fear  and  a  sense  of  desperation  do 
break  through  m  their  own  accounts  of 
their  experience.  "Oh,  that  you  did  see  my 
daily  and  hourly  sighs,  groans,  and  tears," 
wrote  one  young  man  from  Virginia  to  his 
parents  back  in  England.  "I  thought  no  head 
had  been  able  to  hold  so  much  water  as  hath 
and  doth  flow  from  mine  eyes."  But  this 
reaction  seems  not  to  have  been  the 
predominant  one.  Indeed  it  is  my  strong 
impression  that  most  of  the  settlers 
managed  somehow  to  shut  out  the  danger, 
the  isolation,  the  strangeness  of  it  all.  There 
was  an  element  of  what  psychologists  call 
"denial"  in  the  way  they  carried  on. 
Or — the  same  point  expressed  in 
phenomenological  terms — they  were 
remarkably  insensitive  to  "otherness"  of 
many  kinds.  Perhaps  if  they'd  had  our 
sensitivity  in  that  respect,  they  might  not 
have  survived  at  all. 

To  speak  of  "otherness"  is  to  circle  back  on 
the  issue  of  "newness" — and  hence  of 
"origins."  And  one  needs  to  realize  that 
none  of  these  early  settlements  were 
conceived  as  new  departures  in  social 
experience — if  by  "new,  "we  mean  "other," 
that  is,  different  from  received  traditions 
and  precedents.  The  Virginia  colony,  for 
example,  was  at  the  outset  a  business 
project — an  extension  of  English 
mercantile  enterprise.  The  founders  of 
New  England  might  seem  to  ht  better  with 
notions  of  planful  community 
experimentation;  and  their  "Puritanism" 
did  indeed  convey  a  rebuke  to  the  social  and 
religious  order  they  had  left  behind.  Yet 
they  did  not  see  themselves  as  devotees  of  a 
new  social  order;  rather,  they  would  restore 
the  traditions  and  values  of  a  much  older 
order  that  their  contemporaries  had 
apparently  forgotten.  The  Puritans,  in 
short,  meant  to  be  heirs  of  the  early 
Christians.  They  lamented  the  "evil  and 
dechning  times"  m  the  land  of  their  birth, 
but  regularly  affirmed  their  connection  to 
it.  Thus  John  Winthrop  and  other  leaders  of 
the  settlement  at  Boston  disavowed  any 
motive  of  "separatism."  England  remained 
for  them  "our  native-country  [from  which] 


we  cannot  part  without  much  sadness  of 
heart;"  the  English  church,  in  particular, 
would  always  be  "our  dear  mother."  And 
William  Bradford  claimed  that  his 
fellow- "Pilgrims"  had  come  to  Plymouth 
for  "weighty  and  solid  reasons  .  . .  and  not 
out  of  any  newfangledness,  or  other 
such-like  giddy  humors,  by  which  men  are 
often  transported  to  their  great  hurt  and 
danger." 

"Newfangledness,  and  other  such-like 
giddy  humors":  the  pejorative  tone  is 
unmistakable  here.  And  this,  in  turn, 
reflected  a  general  pre-modern  attitude. 
"Innovation,"  for  example,  was  a  favorite 
term  of  insult,  which  Puritans  in  Old 
England  and  their  religious  opponents 
regularly  flung  back  and  forth  at  one 
another.  And  New  Englanders  followed 
suit.  Listen  to  Cotton  Mather  writing  in  his 
diary  of  one  particular  dispute:  "I  see  Satan 
beginning  a  terrible  shake  unto  the 
churches;  and  the  innovators  that  have  set 
up  a  new  church  in  Boston  (a  new  one 
indeed!)  have  made  a  day  of  temptation 
among  us."  Four  words  in  this  passage  are 
underscored:  "Satan,"  "temptation," 
"innovators,"  and  "new."  Evidently,  there 
was  an  equivalence  among  them. 

There  is  one  more  type  of  evidence  to 
mention  here.  Colonial  place-names 
replicated  those  of  the  mother-country,  by 
the  dozens.  Some  embraced  entire 
provinces:  New  Jersey,  New  York,  New 
Hampshire.  Some  were  for  counties:  for 
example,  Middlesex,  a  county-name  in 
three  different  colonies.  And  numerous 
others  were  for  local  communities:  Boston, 
Chelsea,  Cambridge,  Maiden,  Winchester, 
Wobum,  Billerica,  Reading,  Sudbury, 
Frammgham,  Dedham,  Bramtree, 
Weymouth — to  consider  only  those  towns 

I   I      D/J    i     X, 


within  a  radius  of  about  15  miles  from  the 
Brandeis  campus.  The  qualifier  "new," 
when  part  of  a  place-name,  was  obviously 
not  pejorative — but  neither  was  it 
distinctive.  Thus  "New  England"  meant 
(roughly)  another  edition  of  the  old 
one — more  recent,  but  of  similar  design. 

Nor  did  these  efforts  of  naming  proceed  in  a 
vacuum.  There  were  Indian  names 
everywhere — which  the  colonists 
occasionally  retained,  but  mostly  set  aside. 
Agawam  became  Ipswich;  Acushnet 
became  Dartmouth;  Wmnacunnet  became 
Hampton;  Pyquag  became  Wethersheld; 
and  so  on.  Thus  did  the  settlers — as  one  of 
their  own  historians  put  it — "imprint  some 
remembrance  of  their  former  habitations  in 
England  upon  their  new  dwellings  in 
America." 

Naming  was  but  the  most  precise  sign  of  a 
mass-transfer  of  culture.  The  tendency  to 
replicate  EngUsh  practice  was  evident  in 
many  sectors  of  colonial  hfe:  in  land-use, 
and  house-construction,  and  the  "ancient 
mysteries"  of  artisanry;  m  foods  consumed, 
m  clothes  worn,  in  books  read,  in  words 
spoken — and  in  too  much  else  to  be  noticed 
here.  Of  course,  the  process  was  not  always 
the  same;  and  the  goal  was  not  everywhere 
realized  to  the  same  degree.  Houses  were 
smaller,  at  least  for  the  first  generation;  and 
maize — "Indian  corn" — was  grown  in  more 
and  more  of  the  "arable"  fields.  Indeed,  in 
some  areas — Virginia,  for  example — the 
pattern  of  matenal  life  diverged 
dramatically  from  Old  World  norms.  But 
these  were  never  wished-for  developments. 
In  all  the  colonies  the  preferred  ways 
remained  English  ways.  And,  in  some  of 
them,  preference  closely  matched  reality. 
Thus  was  Massachusetts  described,  20 
years  after  its  founding,  as  having  "become 
a  second  England  ...  in  so  short  a  space  [of 
time]  that  it  is  indeed  the  wonder  of  the 
world." 

The  point  of  all  this  discussion  is  simple, 
but  hardly  unimportant.  The  settlers  of 
America  did  not  mean  to  be  "originators." 
They  sought,  insofar  as  they  could,  to  block 
out  the  strangeness  of  their  circumstances, 
to  avoid  the  pitfalls  of  "innovation,"  to 
create  a  "second  England."  When  the 
country  was  most  profoundly  new,  the 
people  involved  did  not — would 
not — recognize  it.  ■ 

Editor's  Note: 

The  subsequent  parts  of  Professor  Demos'  lecture 
explored  the  gradual  acceptance  of  the  idea  of 
newness  during  the  national  period  of  American 
history — indeed,  the  celebration  of  that  idea  as  the 
core  of  American  identity. 


Excerpts  from  ''Remembrance  of 
Times  to  Come" 


by  Saul  G.  Cohen 


21 


Saul  G.  Cohen,  Charles  A. 
Breskin  University 
Professor  of  Chemistry,  is 
a  preeminent  physical 
organic  chemist  whose 
work  in  enzyme  reactions, 
photochemistry  and 
energy  radiation  is 
internationally  known. 
Since  coming  to  Brandeis 
in  1 950,  he  has  served  as 
the  first  dean  of  the 
faculty,  first  chair  of  the 
school  of  science,  first 
university  professor,  and 
for  nearly  10  years,  chair  of 
the  Chemistry 
Department.  Professor 
Cohen,  who  holds  a  dozen 
patents  in  chemistry,  is  the 
author  of  more  than  150 
research  papers  that  have 
appeared  in  leading 
science  journals  in  this 
country  and  abroad. 
Professor  Cohen,  who 
serves  on  the  Board  of 
Overseers  of  Harvard 
University,  has  been 
honored  on  numerous 
occasions  for  his 
achievements  in 
chemistry. 


The  dangerous  present  is  the  product  of  the 
past;  I  reflect  on  a  small  part  of  that  past, 
with  mind  in  the  present  and  an  eye  to  the 
future. 

The  Greeks,  quarrelsome,  thoughtful, 
ineffective,  were  perceptive.  The  "Iliad" 
starts  with  the  abstract,  anger,  and  goes  to 
the  concrete,  war  and  death.  They  went  to 
war  for  an  apparently  trivial  reason — a 
mini-king's  wife  went  off  with  another 
mini-king's  younger  son.  The  Russians 
would  call  it  violation  of  a  sacred  border. 
But  anger,  insult,  honor,  revenge,  magnify 
the  circumstance.  They  sacrificed  a  child, 
sailed  off  to  kill  and  be  killed,  and  destroyed 
a  city.  The  survivors  wandered,  and 
returned  home  to  their  fates,  playthings  of 
the  gods. 

The  Romans,  orderly,  brutal,  effective, 
conquered.  The  "Aeneid"  starts  with  the 
concrete,  Arma,  and  in  pompous  cadence 
envisions  a  golden  age  under  Roman  law 
and  force.  But  viewed  from  below,  the  scene 
was  different.  The  hubris  and  insecurity  of 
empire  required  concretizing  of 
authority — an  emperor's  statue  in  a  sacred 
place.  This  was  of  little  moment  to  most, 
but  crucial  to  a  small  rebellious  group.  The 
Romans  laid  waste  to  their  land,  "created  a 
desert  and  called  it  peace."  A  sect  withdrew 
from  that  Hell  on  Earth  and  placed  faith  in 
the  next  world,  a  position  so  reasonable  and 
so  attractive,  under  the  circumstances,  that 
in  not  too  long  a  time  they  were 
administering  the  empire,  very  much  in 
this  world,  while  retaining  the  next.  There 
have  been  other  empires,  and  many  such 


unanticipated  consequences,  in  the 
intervening  centunes,  but  this  will  suffice 
to  exemplify  empires  of  our  time,  to  which  I 
will  allude  later. 

Several  fields  of  thought  have  been  exposed 
this  week.  Physicists,  studying  at 
subatomic  level  on  the  one  hand,  or  cosmic 
on  the  other,  derive  laws,  universally 
applicable,  statistical  perhaps,  predictive, 
immutable,  for  a  time.  Chemists,  studying 
molecules  and  matter,  derive  rules  of  their 
behavior;  exceptions  abound  and  the 
physicist  may  compare  that  activity  to 
stamp  collecting.  But  the  variety  makes  it 
fun,  and  very  real  and  relevant.  Biologists, 
working  at  virus,  organism  or  ecological 
level,  establish  dogmas,  beliefs  which 
flourish  and  fade,  like  the  life  they  describe. 
The  economist  reflects  on  Shumpeter  and 
Keynes;  one  economist  draws  lines  on  a 
napkin,  and  determines  national  fiscal 
policy.  The  historian  projects  his 
conclusions,  his  fantasies,  onto  the  past, 
perhaps  so  that  we  may  not  repeat  ancient 
error.  The  psychologist,  philosopher  and 
wnter  describe,  explain  how  we  behave, 
think  and  feel.  Can  the  brain  explain  the 
mind,  the  mind  understand  the  mmd,  and 
spirit? 

In  these  processes  a  talented  mind  creates 
concepts,  projects  them  on  an  area  of  the 
universe,  modifying  it,  to  some  extent 
recreating  it.  Applications  may  follow,  new 
social  forms,  new  materials  or  machines, 
new  sources  of  energy.  Thus  much  progress 
has  been  made.  However,  the  individual 
uses  a  field  of  knowledge  which  may  be 
only  one  aspect  of  a  complex  of  factors, 
both  known  and  undiscovered,  to  which 
the  area  is  subject.  The  change  introduced 
by  one  contribution  may  bring 
unanticipated  changes  from  unconsidered 
factors,  hitended  benefit  may  be 
augmented  or  negated  or  lead  to  harm,  as 
consequence  of  neglected  but  influential 
factors.  Complex  interactive  effects  are  the 
hallmark  of  all  systems,  from  empire  to 
chromosome  to  atomic  nucleus. 

At  present  the  future  doesn't  appear  to  be 
what  it  used  to  be;  perhaps  it  never  was.  We 
are  on  a  steep  slope  of  development,  which 
requires  change  in  our  thinking.  The 
change  is  fundamental,  and  habits  are  self 
perpetuating.  After  a  long,  rather  static 
period,  rapid  change  occurred,  over  the  last 
200  years,  in  the  way  people  spend  their 
waking  hours,  and  this  change  may  now 
accelerate.  Even  when  we  accept  that  we 
are  in  a  rapidly  developing  scene,  our 
behavior  may  not  reflect  this 
understanding.  It  is  easier  to  behave  as 
though  the  main  features  of  our  landscape 

Continued  on  page  22 


B 


R 


Ctrrmfinitt  •ind  fcttitities 
Inauguration  of  Bnndcts  Univcreit>' 


Intdllition  «( 
ABRAM    LEON   SACHAR 


"Brandeis  will  be  an  institution  of  qual- 
ity, where  the  integrity  of  learning,  of 
research,  of  writing,  of  teaching,  will  not 
be  compromised.  .  .  It  will  be  a  dwelling 
place  of  permanent  values  —  those  few 
unchanging  values  of  beauty,  of  righ- 
teousness, of  freedom,  which  man  has 
ever  sought  to  attain.  .  .  It  will  offer  its 
opportunities  of  learning  to  all. " 
Abram  L.  Sachar  at  ceremonies  inau- 
gurating the  University,  October  7,  1948 


N 


D 


"It  was  unthinkable  that  a  university 
could  flourish  without  the  resources  of  a 
nch  library.  We  wanted  the  Brandeis 
University  Library  to  be  adequate  and 
well-equipped  so  that  it  would,  one  day, 
take  Its  place  among  the  fine  university 
and  college  libraries  throughout  the 
country." 

Edith  Michaels,  first  president.  National 
Women's  Committee.  June  17,  1949, 
First  Conference. 


E 


I 


Eleanor 
Roosevelt 


IJmnUiii    MrtiWrji'/y 

J  d, u~J., 

i.  L  UL,.l  I, 

More  than  6,000  hear  Eleanor  Roosevelt, 
a  Brandeis  Trustee,  speak  at  University 
convocation;  construction  of  Shapiro 
Athletic  Center  announced  .  .  .  Serge 
Koussevitzky,  director  of  Boston  Sym- 
phony, meets  with  University  officials 
to  set  goals  for  school  of  music  .  .  .  240 
incoming  freshmen  bring  student  body 
to  470. 


u 


David 
Ben-Gurion 


\ 


"We  are  a  small  people  and  we  will 
always  remain  so.  Econormcally  and 
mihtanly  we  will  never  compare,  nor 
have  the  ambition  to  compare  with  the 
great  and  mighty  on  earth. .  .  .  Our  am- 
bition IS  to  be  second  to  none  in  the  way 
of  humanity,  m  the  way  of  culture,  in  the 
way  of  science,  m  the  way  of  art ..." 
David  Ben-Gun  on,  Israeh  Pnme  Minis- 
ter, Third  Annual  Convocation, 
Brandeis,  1951 

Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts 
grants  Brandeis  authonty  to  confer  un- 
dergraduate and  graduate  degrees  .  .  . 
Leonard  Bernstein  and  Henry  Steele 
Commager  )oin  faculty. 


Thornton 
Wilder 


Eddie  Cantor 
and  students 


Aaron 

Copland 

with 

students 


Golding  Judaic  Center,  focal  point  for 
broad  range  of  studies  in  Judaism,  is 
dedicated. 


Brandeis  announces  the  Hiatt  Institute 
m  Israel,  offering  accredited  study  in  that 
country  for  any  Amencan  college  stu- 
dent. To  date  more  than  500  students 
have  participated  .  .  .  Rose  Art  Museum 
is  opened  .  .  .  University  is  authonzed  to 
form  Phi  Beta  Kappa  chapter,  the 
youngest  independent  institution  since 
the  eighteenth  centurv  to  be  so  honored. 


Construction  of  Gerstenzang  Science 
Quadrangle  is  Isegun,  includes  science 
Ubrary  and  lecture  and  demonstration 
halls  .  .  .  Ford  Foundation  announces 
$6,000,000  Challenge  Grant  to  Brandeis. 


Martin  Luther  King,  Jr. 

Brandeis  announces  program  in  Con- 
temporary Jewish  Studies  including  the 
history,  literature  and  sociology  of  Amer- 
ican Jewry;  modern  Jewish  history;  his- 
tory of  Zionism;  and  rehgious  and  cul- 
tural pluralism  in  Amenca. 


Feldberg  Computer  Center 

Marver  H.  Bernstein,  former  dean  of  the 
Woodrow  Wilson  School  of  Public  and 
International  Relations  at  Princeton,  is 
appointed  president  of  Brandeis  .  .  .  Swig 
School  of  Political  Science  is  inaugurated 
.  .  .  University  opens  Feldberg  Computer 
Center. 


National  survey  ranks  Florence  Heller 
Graduate  School  among  top  four  in  coun- 
try among  university-affiliated  schools 
of  social  work. 


Brandeis  basketball  team  wins  New  En- 
gland Division  III  championship —  first 
basketball  championship  in  school's 
history. 


"Brandeis  is  the  expression  of  people 
committed  to  learning  but  who,  for  mil- 
lennia, have  been  deprived  of  formal 
education,  condemned  toghettos  and 
excluded  from  the  professions  and 
common  channels  of  communication." 
Bern  Dibner,  Brandeis  Fellow  at  the 
presentation  of  the  University's  Distin- 
guished Service  Award  Oct.  1975  .  .  . 
Foster  Biomedical  Research  Laboratones 
opens. 


V 


R 


M 


0 


N 


(first  commencement  features  festival  of 
acanve  arts  including  premiere  of 
LLonjrJBernstem's  opera,  Trouble  m 
Tahiti,  jnd  first  English  performance  of 
The  Three  Penny  Opera.  First  Com- 
mencement with  101  students  graduat- 
ing Mrs  Roosevelt  gives  Commence- 
ment address. 


Abraham 
Mastow 


Brandeis  opens  its  Graduate  School  of 
Arts  and  Sciences,  admitting  42  students 
for  work  on  advanced  degrees  m  chemis- 
try, music,  psychology  and  Near  Eastern 
andludaic  studies. 


Three 
Chapels 


■Membership  in  the  New  England  Asso- 
ciation is  not  lightly  bestowed.  Stan- 
dards of  admission  are  high  and  cover 
every  area  of  an  institution's  operations. 
Over  the  years  many  more  institutions 
have  been  denied  membership  than 
have  been  awarded  membership.  Mem- 
bership IS  a  seal  of  distinction  earned 
only  through  conscientious  effort  and 
high  ideals  .  .  ." 

Dr.  Nils  Y  Wessell,  eighth  president  of 
Tufts  University,  speaking  at  the  first 
public  announcement  of  Brandeis'  ac- 
creditation by  the  New  England  Associa-  Brandeis  dedicates  its  "Three  Chapels," 
tion  of  Colleges  and  Secondary  Schools,  underscoring  nonsectarian  character  of 
Feb.  1954  the  University, 


Groundbreaking 
for  Goldfart)  Library 


"A  s  /  stand  here,  about  to  exercise  the 
privilege  of  unveiling  the  statue  of  lus- 
tice  Brandeis.  I  see  before  me  the  genera- 
tions of  young  men  and  women  who.  as 
the  years  unfold,  will  pass  this  way.  .  .  . 
h  IS  our  confident  hope .  .  .  that  the  spirit 
and  ideals  of  the  man  —  his  dauntless 
courage,  creative  thinking,  and  unselfish 
labors.  .  .    will  find  even  more  perfect 
and  lasting  expression  in  the  hves  of 
those  future  young  Americans  .    ." 
Chief  lustice  Earl  Warren,  November  Umversity  dedicates  Slosberg  Music 

^^^^  Center .  .  .  estabhshes  Creative  Arts 

University  opens  $2,500,000  Science  Re-    Awards  in  fields  of  fine  arts,  literature, 
search  Center.  music,  dance,  theater  and  film. 


Wien  International  Scholarship  Pro- 
gram, which  brings  foreign  students  to 
Brandeis,  is  inaugurated.  By  1983,  stu- 
dents from  89  countries  have  attended 
the  University  under  its  auspices. 


Ford  Foundation  awards  grant  to  Bran- 
deis to  expand  its  educational  TV  ac- 
tivities With  WGBH.  educational  tele- 
vision station  in  Boston,  the  University 
launches  live  class  in  Amencan  Civiliza- 
tion with  Max  Lerner;  Roben  Koff  con- 
ducts musical  programs;  Lawrence  H. 
Fuchs  newscasts  from  radio  and  televi- 
Mon  outlets  at  WGBH. 
Brandeis  opens  its  hrst  professional 
school.  The  Florence  Heller  Graduate 
School  for  Advanced  Studies  in  Social 
Welfare.  Goldfarb  Library.  University's 
central  library  faality,  is  dedicated . . . 
Marc  Chagall  is  hrst  appointment  of 
artist-in-residence  program. 


S^r  ^'e\tl  y  ork  Shncs 


Joseph  Linsey 
greets  top 
student  athlete 
Richard  Hymoff 
with 

Director  Irv  Olin 
and  K.  C.  Jones 


Maior  gift  from  Rogoff  Foundation  aids 
dtvelopment  of  University's  science 
pniKTams    ,  .  second  56.000,000  Ford 
Fiiundation  Challenge  Grant  is 

announced. 


"Brandeis,  which  has  been  friendly  to 
the  arts  from  the  beginning,  has  made 
plans  to  embrace  the  Amencan  Theater 
with  new  ardor  in  what  well  may  be  a 
sigmficant  union." 

Elliot  Norton  commenting  on  the  open- 
ing of  the  Spingold  Theater  May,  1965 
.  .  .  American  Association  of  Collegiate 
Registrars  and  Admissions  Officers 
ranks  Brandeis  among  top  25  "hardest  to 
enter"  schools  in  U.S. 


M  iiiiiiiii iiiiiiii  1^^% 


fe /j^rMt 


Students'  big  concern: 
anti-war  momentum 


BOSTON  aiPli  -  \r»  Eng- 
land college  iludrnli  concen- 
Irilcd  th«ir  efforts  today  on 
k»«ping  the 
il«l  from  li 


Brandeis  estabhshes  the  Lown  School  of 
Near  Eastern  and  ludaic  Studies,  hrst 
such  program  at  a  nonsectanan  Ameri- 
can university  .  ,  .  opening  of  Poses 
School  of  Fine  Arts  Samuel  Lemberg 
underwntes  Center  tor  the  Study  of 
Violence. 


Stft  Uta  fork  G^nucl 


"There  IS  a  revolution  today  in  ar- 
chaeology, and  some  of  the  most  revo- 
lutionary findings  have  been  made  by 
Dr  Cyrus  Gordon,  a  58-year-old  Bran- 
deis Umversity  scholar- "  —  The 
Washington  Post.  1967. 


$19,000,000  gift  establishes  the 
Rosenstiel  Basic  Medical  Sciences  Re- 
search Center  at  which  research  teams  in 
structural  biology,  molecular  and  cell 
biology  probe  fundamental  life  processes 
that  underbe  important  medical  prob- 
lems -  .  .  establishment  of  Danielsen 
School  of  Philosophy,  Ethics  and  Reli- 
gious Thought  and  Fisher  School  of 
Physics  .    .  President  Sachar  retires  and 

IS  named  chancellor;  Morns  B.  Abram  is    Fierman  School  of  Chemistry  is 
appointed  president,  established. 


Usdan  Student  Center 


Usdan  Student  Center,  a  hve-building 
complex,  IS  dedicated  . . .  Charles  1. 
Schotiland  is  named  acting  president  of 
the  University. 


Charles  I,  Brondot  Uni*«nitv   BcnetiT 

Schottland  «, 


Jacques 


H 


Amencan  Council  on  Education  ranks 
Brandeis'  graduate  school  among  the  best 
in  the  countr>-. 


Stuart 

Davis 

LANDSCAPE 

WITH  A  FLAG 


Cidwn  Schwl  ot  Graduate  Studies  in 
Amencan  Civilization  is  esublished  ,    . 
d'-'dication  of  Fellows  Garden  is  feature 
ot  _ith  commencement . . .  Soccer  team 
^^'ins  NCAA  Division  III  title  -  hrst 
national  championship  in  Brandeis'  his- 
^"^       Abram  Sachar's  A  Hosi  at  Last. 
^n  account  ot  the  University's  hrst  20 
y^ars,  IS  published 


Brandeis  estabhshes  the  Center  for  Pub- 
he  Service,  designed  to  aid  elected  and 
appointed  state  officials  in  the  adminis- 
tration of  their  ofhces,  sponsor  work- 
shops in  vital  policy  issues  and  stimulate 
citizen  involvement  in  civic  affairs 
Court  Alternative  Placement  Program, 
developed  by  Waltham  Group,  Brandeis 
student  voluntary  organization,  receives 
$200,000  federal  grant  for  program  which 
places  misdemeanor  offenders  in  ]obs, 
while  providing  restitution  to  victims 
. .  .  Heller  School,  Boston  University 
Medical  School  and  MIT  form  Heahh 
Policy  Consortium,  supported  by 
$3,268,000  grant  from  HEW. 


Eubie  Blake  and  Lucille  Armstrong 

Usen  Castle,  a  Brandeis  dormitory,  is 
designated  a  historic  landmark  by  the 
U.S.  Department  of  the  intenor  and  the 
Massachusetts  Historical  Commis- 
sion,     ,  The  National  Women's  Com- 
mittee purchases  more  than  100  rare 
documents  from  the  Nazi  era,  including 
the  original  copy  of  a  top  secret  speech 
delivered  by  Hitler  to  his  leading  gener- 
als in  1944. 


University  Office  Park  is  completed.  It 
consists  of  three  four-story  buildings  and 
three  parking  lots  near  the  Charles  River 
Railroad  tracks,  Following  a  30-year  re- 
fusal by  the  U.S.  to  admit  Chinese  stu- 
dents into  Its  institutions,  Brandeis  ac- 
cepts the  first  three  Chinese  students  in 
Its  history.  Two  Canadian  under- 
graduates organize  the  Brandeis  Ice 
Hockey  Club. 


Michael  L.  Walzer,  hrst  alumnus  to 
receive  an  honorary  degree  from  Brandeis 


Ashton  Graybiel  Spatial  Orientation 
Laboratory 

"It  is  time  for  you  to  respond  to  the 
bigots,  the  prophets  of  doom,  the  dem- 
agogues, the  breast-beaters.  It  is  time 
for  you  to  assert  your  faith  in  reason 
rather  than  dogma,  m  rationah ty  rather 
than  inevitability,  in  the  free  rather 
than  the  shuttered  mind  " 
Honorable  Sol  M.  Linowitz,  Com- 
mencement address.  May  1982 

National  Women's  Committee  an- 
nounces total  contribution  to  Brandeis 
reaches  $20  million. 


Leonard. 


jfV 


TheLeon.iiJL  Farhti  Library  i> dedi- 
cated.   . .  Brandeis  receives  S4  million 
gitt,  third  largest  in  itshistorv  fnim  the 
Michtom  tamily  it>  endow  computer  sci- 
ences       Univcrsit\  celebrttcs  25th 
anniversarv  of  Wien  International  Schol- 
arship program.  Evelvn  E.  Handler  is 
mauguratttl  fifth  president  and  Brandeis 
celebrates  its  35th  anniversar\- 


f'^L 


October  1983 


Remembrance  of  Times  to  Come 

Continued  from  page  21 


are  old  and  will  persist.  The  achievements 
of  the  past  200  years  have  been  almost 
beyond  comprehension;  but,  they  have 
brought  great  problems.  Further,  one  must 
restrain  expectation  of  facile  solutions  to 
present  problems,  and  note  that  much  that 
is  fundamental  is  very  old,  our  ways  of 
thinking,  institutions  and  basic  tools. 
Philosophy  and  religion;  tribalism, 
nationalism,  the  state  and  empire  and  their 
associated  paranoias;  royalty,  citizenship 
and  demagoguery,  slavery  and  exile, 
reformers,  public  works,  boondoggling, 
international  trade,  travel  and  warfare,  are 
the  subjects  of  millennia  of  recorded 
history.  But  the  past  200  years  have 
changed  our  world. 

Rulers  or  governments  may  support  study 
of  nature  for  a  variety  of  reasons,  and  among 
them  IS  the  power  that  may  accompany 
such  knowledge.  The  pursuit  of  nature  may 
lead  the  individual  to  thoughts  of  power,  to 
the  seat  of  power,  and  thus  may  be 
seductive  and  dangerous.  But,  to  the 
scholar,  the  search  for  knowledge  is  an 
addiction,  and  the  fruit  of  the  tree  of 
knowledge  leads  to  burdensome  labor. 
Such  work,  intended  for  benefit,  may  lead 
to  unforeseen  harni;  this  may  have  been 
exemphfied  in  an  early  BiWe  story,  that  of 
Noah  and  the  flood.  Farming  in  the  Eastern 
horn  of  the  fertile  crescent  depends  on 
irrigation,  and  as  this  became  more  highly 
organized,  a  large  earth  dam  was  built.  As 
years  passed  the  population  grew, 
downstream,  naturally,  and  the  lake  above 
the  dam  silted  up,  as  it  must.  After  a 
particularly  long  rainy  spell,  perhaps  40 
days,  the  dam  broke,  the  first  account  of  a 
devastating  ecological  and  human  disaster 


arising  from  ingenuity  and  industry. 
Solutions  have  problems.  But  use  of  * 

technology  seems  irresistible. 

Disease  control  is  an  essential  activity  of 
the  future.  Such  programs  have  had  great 
success,  and  unexpected  failures,  and  offer 
careers  into  eternity.  In  developed 
temperate  zone  countries  young  parents  no 
longer  mature  by  sitting  up  nights  with 
children  ill  with  measles,  chicken  pox, 
whooping  cough,  scarlet  fever,  diphtheria, 
poho,  rheumatic  fever,  pneumonia,  etc., 
common  illnesses  during  my  childhood, 
now  largely  controlled  by  vaccines  and 
antibiotics.  But  disease  control  can  be  very 
difficult.  For  example,  malaria  persists, 
with  hundreds  of  millions  ill,  and  millions 
of  deaths  each  year  from  it  despite  intense 
efforts  to  stamp  it  out.  Persistent 
application  of  insecticides  to  destroy  the 
mosquito  carrier,  and  of  antimalarial  drugs 
to  destroy  the  parasite,  programs  successful 
with  other  illnesses,  led  only  to  resistant 
strains  of  both  vector  and  parasite.  The 
cures  sped  evolution  of  the  targets,  led  to 
better,  or  worse  mosquitoes,  and  the 
disease  continues.  And  when  sanitation, 
cleanliness,  insecticides,  vaccines,  drugs, 
have  all  had  their  intended  good  effects, 
populations  grow,  pressure  is  put  on  food 
supplies,  and  hunger  looms,  presenting 
new  problems  of  distribution  in  the 
growing  depressed  populations  of  both 
developed  and  less  developed  countries. 

Danger  also  lies  in  the  tyranny  of  wish 
fulhllment  and  of  bnght  ideas.  The  wish  to 
transmute  base  metals  into  noble  trapped 
many,  including  the  great  Newton.  A 
plausible  attractive  theory  of  combustion 
blocked  understanding  for  a  long  period. 
Wedded  to  an  idea,  people  seek  evidence  to 
buttress  it,  interpret  new  evidence  in  terms 
of  the  preconception.  In  the  1 9th  century, 
simple,  laborious  methods  of 
investigation — synthesis,  analysis, 
weighing,  measurement  of  volumes,  study 
of  combining  proportions  and 
properties — and  thinking,  led  to 
characterization  of  almost  all  the  elements 
of  the  universe,  laid  out  in  their  proper 
places  in  the  penodic  table,  without 
knowledge  of  atomic  structure,  but  with 
awesome  implications.  These  results  then 
led  to  structural  organic  chemistry,  one  of 
the  great  triumphs  of  the  human  mind.  With 
an  alphabet  of  just  six  letters,  C,  O,  H,  N,  S, 
P,  symbols  for  the  corresponding  elements, 
and  a  few  simple  ideas  of  bonding  and 
geometry,  chemists  have  found  or 
synthesized  over  hve  million  compounds 
and  largely  understand  their  chemical,  but 
alas,  not  yet  their  biological  properties.  This 
science  has  informed  us  about  much  of  what 


22 


23  we  sense  and  use,  our  foods,  vitamins, 
flavors,  perfumes,  colors,  clothing  and 
structural  materials,  medicmes  and 
therapeutic  agents,  from  nature  and  the 
laboratory,  and  so  on  almost  endlessly. 

We  have  of  course  benefited  greatly  from 
this  vast  knowledge  but  there  have  been 
costs,  unforeseen  consequences.  To  cite  an 
example  recently  in  the  news,  brilliant 
investigation  defined  the  simple  molecules 
which  stimulate  plants  to  grow  and 
mature.  Then  it  was  realized  that  such 
compounds  might  be  used  as  herbicides 
that  might  bring  weeds  to  maturity  and 
death  without  hurting  the  crop;  or  the 
compounds  could  be  sprayed  on  a  jungle,  to 
defoliate  it  and  reveal  guerrillas — a 
progression  from  benign  use  to  disastrous 
misuse.  Worse,  there  was  a  hidden  danger. 
In  the  manufacture,  a  small  amount  of  a 
very  toxic  by-product,  a  dioxin,  was 
produced  with  the  compound.  This 
by-product  is  very  stable  chemically,  and 
might,  quite  innocently,  not  have  been 
thought  to  be  toxic  even  if  its  presence  had 
been  known.  We  now  know  that  chemicals 
may  be  active  physiologically,  for  good  or 
bad,  not  by  undergoing  chemical  reactions 
but  just  by  being  at  a  certain  spot  in  the 
organism.  Indeed  many,  if  not  most,  of  the 
dazzling  array  of  biological  control 
mechanisms  appear  to  be  of  this  nature. 

There  is  an  occasional  positive  anticipated 
consequence.  Many  organic  compounds  are 
isolated  from  plants,  which  have  uncertain 
functions  in  the  plants  and  powerful 
physiological  action  on  humans — toxic 
strychnine,  analgesic  morphine, 
comforting  cannabis,  antimalarial  quinine. 
A  hundred  years  ago  a  French  scientist 
reasoned,  with  French  logic,  that  if  opium 
relieves  pain,  there  should  be  opiate 
receptors  in  the  brain,  and  if  the  receptors 
exist  the  organism  must  generate  its  own 
opiates  to  act  on  them.  Just  a  few  years  ago 
these  were  found,  bearing  little  or  no 
obvious  relation  to  the  structure  of 
morphine.  They  are  simple  peptides,  fairly 
common  fragments  of  proteins,  easily 
prepared.  This  discovery  now  broadens  the 
intensive  search  for  potent  biological 
modulators  and  neurotransmitters,  which 
may  relieve  pain,  anxiety,  depression,  and 
schizophrenia,  and  has  implications  for 
many  diseases — Parkinson's,  Aldzheimer's 
and  others.  There  have  been  many 
advances  in  medicine,  and  more  will  come, 
but  there  will  be  limits. 

Let  us  consider  an  odd  triplet,  acid  rain,  the 
end  of  slavery,  and  robots.  In  1661  John 
Evelyn  petitioned  his  sacred  majesty  King 


Charles  "to  banish  Brewers,  Dyers  and  Soap 
Boilers  from  London,"  since  their  burning 
of  sea-coal  (from  Newcastle)  caused  such 
smoke  as  to  kill  half  the  infants  in  London 
before  the  age  of  two  years.  One  hundred 
years  later,  in  1 77 1  one  B.  White  reissued 
the  petition,  since  the  noxious  fumes  had 
worsened,  but  he  now  called  for 
purification  of  the  coal,  and  high  chimneys 
to  blow  the  stench  away.  Now,  200  more 
years  along,  we  have  the  high  chimneys 
spreading  acid  rain. 

The  mark  of  the  modern  era  is  that  the  fuel 
is  burned  to  generate  steam  for  engines,  to 
push  pistons,  drive  wheels,  turn  rotors, 
generate  electricity,  provide  power  and 
transport,  to  do  work.  In  earlier  times, 
when  work  was  done  only  by  the  muscle  of 
man  and  beast,  it  was  tempting  for  rulers  to 
treat  the  two  species  similarly.  Only  when 
mechanical  pumps  could  lift  water  from 
mines,  and  machines  could  perform 
burdensome  tasks  more  cheaply  and 
reliably  than  man,  could  slavery  be 
abolished. 

Now  there  is  talk  of  people-less  factories. 
A  new  transition  is  at  hand,  in  which 
computer  controlled  machines  may 
perform  many  productive  tasks  and 
eliminate  jobs  at  all  levels.  Unlike  the 
transition  of  the  industrial  revolution,  it 
seems  that  now  more  jobs  may  be 
eliminated  than  will  be  created.  Of  course 
we  do  not  know  what  has  not  yet  been 
invented,  but  serious  social  problems 
appear  near  at  hand,  paradoxically  along 
with  the  potential  for  increased  overall 
wealth. 

These  are  problems  of  peace,  old  m 
character  and  manageable,  I  trust.  But  new 
problems  of  atomic  energy  and  atomic 
warfare  seem  most  menacing,  and 
intractable.  Let  us  turn  to  the  atom  and  the 
modern  superpowers.  About  a  hundred 
years  ago  Henry  Adams  wrote  "Man  has 
mounted  science  and  is  now  run  away  with 
it.  I  firmly  believe  that  before  many 
centuries  more,  science  will  be  the  master 
of  man.  The  engines  he  will  have  invented 
will  be  beyond  his  strength  to  control. 
Some  day  science  may  have  the  existence  of 
mankind  in  its  power,  and  the  human  race 
commit  suicide  by  blowing  up  the  world." 
This  was  even  before  the  invention  of 
dynamite,  and  apparently  in  one  of  his  less 
pessimistic  moments.  In  fact  the  danger 
was  nearer  at  hand  than  he  thought;  it  took 
less  than  one  century  for  the  power  to  blow 
us  all  up  to  come  into  existence.  It  remains 
to  be  seen  whether  humans  can  control 
their  need  to  control  others,  and  their  fear  of 
being  controlled. 


Radioactive  decay  of  uranium  was  found  in 
1896,  by  accident.  Transmutation  of  one 
element  to  another,  long  sought  by 
alchemists,  finally  ruled  by  scientists  to  be 
impossible  and  unworthy  of  future  search, 
was  found  to  occur  unaided  in  nature.  The 
nucleus  of  the  atom  was  itself  divisible,  and 
m  the  division  much  energy  was  released. 

Leo  Szilard,  brilliant,  plump,  moody, 
cherubic,  and  energetic,  soaking  in  his  bath 
tub,  conceived  of  plans  to  effect  branching 
chain  nuclear  hssion  and  applied  for 
patents,  essentially  on  the  nuclear  reactor 
and  the  atom  bomb.  He  and  others 
questioned  the  wisdom  and  morality  of 
using  the  bomb,  well  before  Hiroshima.  Its 
use  ended  the  war,  and  opened  an  age. 

Scientists  were  fascinated  by  the  nuclear 
reactor,  sitting  there  majestically, 
generating  heat  without  flame.  They 
predicted  that  power  would  be  so  cheap 
that  cost  would  be  largely  that  of 
distribution,  too  cheap  to  be  metered.  That 
was  a  quick  fix  that  very  clearly  hasn't 
worked  out.  Corrosion  and  cracking  of 
materials  never  before  exposed  to  such 
intense  radiation  for  so  long  a  period  are  real 
problems.  The  system  is  monitored  on 
walls  of  lights,  gauges  and  signals,  and  it 
works  well  enough  that  when  something 
appears  amiss  it  isn't  obvious  whether  it  is 
the  machine  or  the  monitor.  Malfunctions 
may  result  by  the  maintenance  procedures 
meant  to  prevent  them.  At  Brown's  Ferry,  a 
maintenance  worker  looking  for  the  source 
of  a  problem  used  a  candle( ! )  and  burned 
some  wires — a  mind-boggling 
anachronism.  At  Three  Mile  Island  the 
cleanup  still  goes  on,  and  the  cost  is  in  the 
billions. 

There  is  relatively  little  radioactivity  in  the 
initial  fuel  assembly  compared  to  the  large 
amount  generated  as  the  reactor  operates, 
m  the  so-called  spent  fuel  rods.  There  are 
now  tons  of  this  radioactive  spent  fuel,  the 
rods  resting  ominously  in  swimming  pools, 
cooling,  radiating,  awaiting  decision  on 
how  they  will  be  stored,  safely,  for 
thousands  of  years,  by  societies,  while 
governing  systems,  throughout  all  history, 
have  usually  lasted  a  few  centuries. 

Power  reactors  now  operate  in  many  lands. 
Many  countries  are  at  war,  either  with  their 
neighbors  or  internally.  Wartime  bombing 
of  nuclear  reactors  and  their  adjacent  spent 
fuel  storages,  even  with  conventional 
weapons,  could  spread  massive 
radioactivity,  adding  a  new  dimension  of 
danger  to  customary  national  behavior. 

Continued  on  page  39 


The  Future 

Challenges  the  Past; 


The  Case  of  the 
Welfare  State 


by  Robert  Morris 


Robert  Morns,  Piofessoi  Emeritus  of  Social 
Planning,  Florence  Heller  Graduate  School 
for  Advanced  Studies  in  Social  Welfare,  is  a 
noted  scholar  in  the  fields  of  social 
planning,  organization  of  health  and 
human  services,  and  gerontology.  A  former 
director  of  the  Levinson  Policy  Institute  at 
Brandeis,  he  also  is  past  president  of  the 
Gerontological  Society  of  America  and  has 
held  several  key  posts  within  major 
welfare  and  social  service  agencies.  He  is 
the  author  of  several  highly  regarded  books 
including  Centrally  Planned  Change, 
Urban  Planning  and  Social  Policy,  and  The 
Welfare  State. 


How  will  the  so-called  welfare  state  evolve 
in  the  next  decade-  Are  we  likely  to  use  the 
national  government  more,  or  less,  for 
social  purposes' 

The  subject  is  one  aspect  of  applied  social 
science  and  also  of  nation  building.  It 
involves  welfare  programs  on  which 
several  million  Americans  depend  for  their 
existence  and  which  improve  the  comfort 
of  many  more  millions  in  the  middle  class. 

We  spend  about  one-fifth  of  the  nation's 
goods  and  services  directly  on  such 
programs.  But  besides  funds,  the  support 
we  provide  as  a  nation  involves  our  basic 
beliefs.  What  do  we,  today,  think  we  owe 
others?  And,  how  much  of  the  obligation 
we  feel  do  we  expect  the  government  to 
fulfill? 


I  believe  there  are  four  tendencies 
converging  that  will  force  this  nation  to 
reconsider  the  premises  on  which  present 
welfare  efforts  are  based,  and,  as  a  result 
will  alter  what  we  will  expect  of  our 
national  government. 

These  tendencies  are:  the  changing  nature 
of  dependency;  changing  attitudes  and 
obhgation  to  self;  persisting  beliefs  about 
public  altruism;  persisting  optimism  of 
liberal  or  of  welfare  advocates  vis-a-vis  the 
role  of  national  government. 

In  considering  this  subject,  I  find  it  useful  to 
resort  to  the  concept  of  helping  the 
stranger,  as  a  starting  point.  The  idea  of 
obligation  to  strangers  is  embedded  m  both 
Christian  and  Judaic  thought,  and  is  part  of 
the  substratum  of  thinking  about  welfare. 
Today,  all  benehciaries  of  public  help  are 
strangers  to  those  who  help  them 
impersonally  through  taxation. 

The  advocates  and  supporters  of 
government  responsibility  for  the  poor,  the 
dependent  or  troubled,  used  to  rely  on 
human  conscience  that  was  shaped  by 
religious  teaching,  when  religion  had  some 
authority.  Or  they  appealed  for  support  by 
claiming  that  such  action  strengthens  the 
nation  and  avoids  civil  unrest.  In  recent 
decades,  the  argument  has  shifted 
somewhat  to  the  notion  that  a  poor  person 
has  the  right  to  expect  help.  Advocates  have 
also  expected  continuous  expansion  and 
growth  in  rights,  and  government 
responsibility.  They  also  try  to  convert 
behefs  about  charity  to  the  poor  into 
enforceable  nghts. 

Therefore,  every  human  difhculty, 
regardless  of  its  source  or  cause,  is 
perceived  as  requiring  a  human  response, 
which  in  turn  becomes  a  national 


obligation.  This  approach  has  worked  for      24 

the  past  50  years,  in  part  because  annual 
growth  in  the  GNP  made  it  possible  to 
satisfy  most  selfish  interests  leaving  a 
"social  increment"  with  which  to 
collectively  relieve  distress. 

The  memory  of  the  1930s  depression  was 
still  fresh  in  citizens'  minds,  and  the 
confidence  that  came  from  winning  a  war 
was  reinforced  by  a  post  World  War  II 
economic  boom.  Almost  anything  was 
possible  and  worth  trying.  The  New  Deal 
became  the  Fair  Deal  and  the  Great  Society. 
To  most  welfare  advocates,  these  great 
expectations  still  have  force.  The  present 
Republican  interruption  is  perceived  as  a 
temporary  set-back,  the  product  of  an 
aberrant  ideolog>'.  The  basic  beliefs  of 
average  citizens  are  still  relied  on  to  support 
steady  growth  in  giving  to  help  others. 

This  stance  of  high  expectations  in 
government  has  been  reinforced  by  the 
challenge  of  socialist  thinking.  The  faith 
that  socialism,  in  some  form,  will  resolve 
basic  human  needs,  has  stimulated  those 
who  believe  that  state  power  in  a  capitalist 
economy  could  also  be  used  to  deal  with 
almost  all  difficulties. 

Welfare  advocates  have  two  weaknesses: 
they  often  justify  new  rights  for  the  poor  by 
appealing  to  charitable  impulses  based  on 
individual  human  interaction,  not  abstract 
legal  concepts.  This  leads  to  confusion 
between  what  is  given  voluntarily  and 
what  can  be  claimed.  Further,  they  give  the 
impression  that  more  rights  and  benefits 
can  be  promised  without  pam  to  any, 
except  a  few  wealthy  individuals.  This  is 
transparently  inadequate  for  a  large 
majority  of  voters.  Having  the  costs  spread 
through  most  of  the  population,  reduces 
credibility. 

If  we  turn  to  the  behefs  of  citizens,  it  is 
surprising  to  discover  how  consistent  has 
been  over  the  centuries  a  much  more 
limited  view  about  obligation  which 
citizens  owe  to  others,  either  as  individuals 
or  acting  through  their  government. 

Beginning  with  present  attitudes  and 
working  back  in  time,  one  finds  that  social 
surveys  over  40  years  are  consistent.  They 
show  that  Americans  are  supportive  of  a 
few  "deserving"  dependents:  the  sick  or 
very  obviously  disabled,  the  aged,  widows 
(until  recently),  veterans,  and  children  who 
are  orphaned  or  abused  or  abandoned. 

Except  for  the  period  just  before  the  1930s 
depression,  the  able-bodied  adult  has  been 
expected  to  be  self-supporting,  based  on  the 


23  assumption  that  some  kind  of  work  could 
be  found  for  all  capable  of  labor.  Help  to  the 
able-bodied  adult  has  been,  and  still  is, 
grudging.  It  is  based  on  a  work  requirement 
and  IS  often  administered  as  a  form  of 
punishment,  with  open  doubt  about  the 
recipient's  capacity  to  handle  his/her  own 
affairs.  There  is  very  little,  if  any,  evidence 
that  the  public  favors  using  welfare  to 
equalize  conditions  between  the  poor  and 
the  better-off. 

The  welfare  state,  which  assures  security 
and  equality  from  cradle  to  grave,  has 
narrow  and  shallow  roots  in  public  behefs. 
More  often,  citizens  approach  welfare  as  an 
expression  of  charity  or  philanthropy 
deserved  by  victims  of  natural  diasters,  over 
which  individuals  have  little  control.  The 
background  for  this  narrow  view  is  rooted 
in  history. 

Colonial  America  began  with  an 
acceptance  of  the  poor,  with  communal 
help  for  the  widow  and  the  sick  and  the 
orphan;  poverty  was  widespread,  accepted 
as  a  natural  part  of  pioneer  life  and  as  a  part 
of  God's  divine  providence.  By  the  19th 
century,  with  more  population,  mobility, 
industry,  and  cyclical  depressions,  the 
bonds  of  community  were  loosened.  For 
some  decades,  poverty  came  to  be  seen  as 
the  consequence  of  personal  failure,  of  sm, 
or  of  laziness.  Poverty  was  viewed  m 
moralizing  terms  until  the  late  19th 
century.  Economic  liberalism  of  the  18th 
century  dominated.  Freedom  for  individual 
effort,  freedom  from  government 
constraints,  were  valued  standards  for 
organizing  society. 

Reciprocity  and  pity  for  a  few  categories  of 
helpless  defendants  constitute  the  pool  of 
thinking  about  public  or  private  obligation 
toward  the  stranger  with  which  an 
American  electorate  entered  the  20th 
century.  That  thinking  still  dominates,  if 
results  of  public  opinion  surveys  are  any 
guide.  And  that  includes  the  belief  that 
poverty,  or  lifetime  security,  are  seldom  in 
the  public  canon. 

If  this  summary  is  accurate,  then  public 
views  are  much  narrower  about  the  scope  of 
government  responsibility  than  welfare 
advocates  would  Uke  to  believe. 

Public  advocacy  views  about  the  scope  of 
national  obligation  are  slowly  being  made 
irrelevant  by  the  changing  nature  of 
dependency  in  the  modern  world.  The 
helpless  are  now  being  joined  by  the 
able-bodied  for  whom  there  is  lack  of  work. 


Lack  of  work  for  the  able-bodied  crosses 
many  boundaries.  Technology  creates 
fewer  jobs  than  it  abolishes,  and  only  some 
of  those  new  jobs  require  advanced 
education.  Youth  without  educational 
aspirations  are  committed  to  long  periods 
of  unemployment,  or  sporadic  work  at  low 
pay  without  hope  for  improvement.  Racial 
minorities  have  disastrous  unemployment 
rates  and  middle-aged  adults  are  made 
redundant  by  new  technology.  The  aged, 
once  considered  weak  and  helpless,  are  now 
much  more  physically  fit,  alert  and  active, 
wanting  some  useful  role  m  society. 

Thus,  while  the  conventionally  accepted 
dependents  grow  in  numbers,  new  groups 
of  poor  have  to  be  incorporated. 

While  these  changes  have  been  taking 
place,  public  attitudes  toward  obligations 
have  diminished.  Resistance  to  taxation  is 
pervasive  within  the  middle-class. 

And,  in  addition,  there  is  a  decade-long 
increase  m  skepticism  about  government's 
ability  to  do  everything  well  and  an  even 
deeper  dissatisfaction  about  the  way  our 
welfare  system  is  working,  a  dissatisfaction 
shared  by  all  sectors  of  the  political 
spectrum,  including  the  poor. 

More  disturbing  than  this,  is  the  growth  in 
self-concern,  which  leaves  less  and  less 
room  for  caring  about  others,  especially 
strangers. 

We  have  come  to  expect  that  each 
individual  is  entitled  to  realize  his  or  her 
potential  to  the  utmost,  but  obligation  to 
help  others  has  not  been  a  major  criterion  of 
citizenship,  of  morality,  or  of  behavior, 
especially  when  helping  a  stranger  reduces 
one's  means  for  personal  improvement. 
The  force  of  obligation,  once  rooted  in 
primary  institutions  such  as  the  family  and 
the  neighborhood,  has  been  attenuated.  No 
institution  teaches  regularly  concern  for 
others  as  a  major  criterion  of  character;  not 
church,  nor  schools,  nor  family.  And  if  they 
try  to,  their  authority  is  weak. 

Families  are  less  powerful,  they  are  more  an 
assemblage  of  individuals  than  collectives. 
Individual  freedom  is  enhanced,  not  group 
obligation.  Individuals  relocate  easily  so 
that  neighborhood  roots  are  shallow. 
Individuals  have  personal  associations 
which  arise  out  of  work  or  hobby,  both 
means  of  personal  satisfaction,  and  not  a 
basis  for  social  sharing. 


The  economic  profile  of  the  population 
supports  this  self-regarding  tendency. 
Fifteen  percent  of  this  nation  is  very  poor, 
although  by  world  standards  and  standards 
of  the  past,  the  condition  of  this  group  is  not 
desperate  misery.  About  80  percent  fall 
within  the  middle,  or  lower  middle  class 
and  live  in  reasonable  comfort.  They 
acquired  this  comfort  recently,  and  expect 
even  better  conditions  for  their  children. 
But,  they  are  insecure  about  their  hold  on 
this  comfort.  How  much  generosity  is  it 
reasonable  to  count  on  when  this  majority 
in  the  middle  receives  appeals  for  the  poor 
who  are  able-bodied,  who  are  seldom  seen, 
and  who  are  sometimes  of  a  different  race 
and  culture- 

This  self-regarding  tendency  has  been 
building  for  at  least  a  hundred  years,  aided, 
incidentally,  by  the  power  of  Freud's  work 
which  tums  thoughts  of  so  many  of  us  to 
that  inner  world  of  self  which  he  opened  up. 
Most  of  us  are  freer  than  were  our  forebears, 
but  It  IS  doubtful  that  we  are  more  caring 
about  strangers. 

The  consequence  of  these  four  tendencies 
is  to  shatter  the  paradigms  we  have  used  up 
to  now  to  deal  with  those  in  trouble.  There 
is  a  real  danger  that  we  are  unwittingly 
creating  an  underclass — a  class  not  a 
caste — of  untouchables  in  the  very  poor 
who  are  disbarred  from  participating  in  the 
society  of  which  they  are  a  part.  Avoiding 
this  outcome  is  the  major  task  confronting 
the  re-casting  of  the  welfare  system — a  task 
more  urgent  and  achievable  than  Utopian 
ends  of  security  and  equality  for  all. 

The  way  we  handle  this  issue  will 
determine  what  kind  of  a  welfare  state  we 
will  have  in  the  last  part  of  the  20th 
century,  whether  it  will  be  one  based  on  the 
realization  of  a  few  basic  rights,  or  one 
based  on  older  philanthropic  values. 

The  future  will  be  shaped  by  the  way 
ordinary  citizens  and  moulders  of  public 
opinion  recombine  old  and  current 
elements  based  on  two  choices:  How  much 
obligation  will  most  of  us  feel  to  strangers 
and  how  much  of  this  obligation  do  we 
want  to  make  compulsory  for  state  action. 

I  suspect  the  future  will  be  neither  as  selfish 
as  the  enemies  of  the  welfare  state  propose, 
nor  as  expansive  as  the  advocates  hope.  ■ 


Scholars  Look  Toward  the  Year  2000 


American  Studies 


by  Lawrence  H.  Fuchs 

Walter  and  Meyer  Jaffe 
Professor  of  American 
Civilization  and  Politics 


American  Studies  has 
emphasized  two  important 
methodologies.  First,  it  crosses 
traditional  disciplinary 
■boundaries  m  the  study  of  the 
myths,  values,  symbols, 
institutions,  heroes  and 
heroines  and  behavior  of 
Americans.  Second,  it 
increasingly  has  emphasized 
comparisons  between  the 
dominant  middle  class  culture 
of  Americans  with  foreign 


cultures  and  sub-cultures 
within  the  United  States. 

In  the  years  ahead  scholars  will 
emphasize  comparative  cultures 
even  more  —  regional,  ethnic 
and  foreign  —  and  will  utilize 
artifacts  and  audio- visual 
technology  in  addition  to 
traditional  literary  and 
historical  data  in  trying  to 
answer  four  major  questions. 
First,  how  are  Americans  able  to 


balance  the  ideal  of  ethnic 
diversity  with  that  of  national 
unity?  How  does  the  plurihus 
relate  to  the  unum  *  The  second 
important  question  will  be  how 
do  Americans  manage  the 
transition  from  an  industrial  to 
post-industrial  society?  A  third 
question  will  be  how  do 
Americans  cope  with  the 
disintegrating  impact  of 
weakened  family  life, 
particularly  the  erosion  of  the 


by  Harlyn  O.  Halvorson 

Professor  of  Biology  and 
Director,  Rosenstiel  Basic 
Medical  Sciences 
Research  Center 


Soon  It  will  be  Orwell's  year  of 
1984  and  only  16  years  later  the 
year  2000.  Experience  in  the 
past  two  decades  has  shown 
that  the  field  of  biology  has 
moved  even  faster  than  its 
greatest  proponents  could  ever 
have  imagined.  The  emergence 
of  molecular  biology  in  the  60's 
and  recombinant  DNA  in  the 
70's  has  led  us  to  the  point  m 
which  the  nature  of  the 
mammalian  chromosome  and 


how  it  functions  will  be  solved 
in  a  relatively  short  time.  We 
soon  should  know  the 
composition  of  genes,  their 
organization  in  the  chromosome 
and  the  manner  in  which  these 
genes  are  activiated  and 
function.  By  the  year  2000  the 
majority  of  the  critical  genes 
involved  m  differentiation, 
growth  and  behavior  will  be 
defined  and  understood  at  the 
molecular  level.  The  mysteries 


of  genetics  and  how  these  genes 
change  with  evolution  should  be 
largely  defined. 

By  the  year  2000  we  should  be 
able  to  diagnose  genetic  diseases 
and  provide,  in  a  number  of 
these  cases,  corrective  measures 
through  gene  therapy. 
Biomedical  science  will  have 
advanced  to  the  point  that  gene 
replacements  should  be  possible 
where  defective  genes  are 


Russian  Literature 


by  Robert  Szulkin 

Associate  Professor  of  Russian 


The  best  Russian  hterature 
today  is  being  created  outside  of 
Russia.  In  the  United  States, 
Israel,  France,  Germany  one  sees 
every  day  the  appearance  of  new 
and  startling  works  of  literature 
in  Russian  comparable  to  those 
great  masterpieces  of  the  past. 
The  reader  of  Russian  literature 
has  not  seen  anything  like  this 
since  the  so-called  Silver  Age  of 
Russian  literature  that  existed  in 
the  four  decades  between 


1890-1930.  The  genuine 
excitement  this  new,  essentially 
dissident  literature  is  generating 
is  so  pervasive  that  one  does  not 
have  the  time  to  finish  one  truly 
masterful  work  when  another 
makes  its  appearance. 

Yet,  what  of  the  future?  Can  this 
continue?  There  is  no  doubt  that 
in  the  short  run  the  future  looks 
bright  as  more  and  more 
interesting  work  is  written. 


taken  out  of  drawers  and  dusted 
off,  discovered;  but  in  the  long 
run  I  am  afraid  that  this  prolific 
outpouring  cannot  continue. 
Eventually,  this  new  generation 
of  dissident  writers  will 
disappear;  the  audience  for  this 
literature  will  grow  older  and  die 
off;  the  questions  posed  by  the 
works  themselves  will  become 
increasingly  parochial;  the 
truths  expressed  by  this 
literature  will  be  smaller  and 


Women's  Studies 


by  Joyce  Antler  In  the  year  2000,  perhaps  there 

will  be  no  Women's  Studies.  It  is 
Assistant  Professor  of  American  conceivable  that  by  that  time. 
Studies  the  experiences,  history  and 

culture  of  women  will  be  so  fully 
integrated  into  the  content  of 
traditional  courses  that  separate 
Women's  Studies  programs  will 
be  unnecessary. 

Conceivable,  yes,  but  unlikely. 
In  spite  of  the  vast  increase  in 
recent  years  in  scholarship 


about  women,  the  inclusion  of 
this  material  into  the  regular 
liberal  arts  curriculum  has  not 
followed  apace.  In  all 
probability,  it  will  take 
considerably  longer  than  the 
next  two  decades  to  achieve 
truly  "balanced"  or  "integrated" 
curncula. 

In  the  interim.  Women's  Studies 
programs  will  become  more 
vigorous  and  more  inclusive. 


Fifteen  years  ago,  most  teaching 
efforts  in  Women's  Studies 
involved  courses  in  literature, 
history,  or  sociology.  Today, 
fields  as  diverse  as  anthropology, 
biology,  economics,  philosophy, 
politics,  and  religion  have  been 
markedly  affected  by  new 
critical  perspectives  emanating 
from  scholarship  about  women. 
By  the  year  2000,  femmist 
perspectives  will  have 
penetrated  even  further  into  the 


continuity  of  authoritative 
parental  loving  care  for  children 
and,  also,  how  they  deal  with  the 
related  question  of  changing 
gender  roles. 

Finally,  there  will  be  an 
increasing  interest  in  the 
powerful  impact  of  American 
popular  culture  on  other  parts  of 
the  world  —  everything  from 
music  to  jeans  —  and  one  can 
expect  that  scholars  in  foreign 


countries  particularly  will  be 
interested  in  exploring  the 
penetration  of  popular 
American  art,  music,  film,  and 
letters  in  their  own  societies. 

The  fascination  of  scholars  with 
the  discipline  of  American 
Studies  will  continue  to  grow  in 
universities  throughout  the 
world  —  there  are  now 
American  Studies  departments 
in  universities  in  Asia  as  well  as 


Europe  —  because  there  is  an 
immense  curiosity  about  a 
society  which  was  founded  to 
some  extent  in  hostility  to 
traditional  or  prescriptive 
authority.  In  a  world 
increasingly  divided  by  those 
who  retain  tribal  ideals  and 
those  who  embrace  the  ideal  of 
individual  freedom  and  its 
implicit  egalitarianism, 
American  civilization,  seen  by 
millions  as  the  major  cause  of 


rampant  decadence  and  by 
millions  of  others  as  the  major 
source  of  hope  for  humanity, 
will  receive  a  great  deal  of 
scholarly  attention.  ■ 


involved.  Advancements  in  the 
field  of  neurobiology  should 
permit  us  to  regulate 
neurotransmitters  which  affect 
motor  functions,  senses  such  as 
sight  and  behavior,  and  to 
regulate  some  of  our  major 
medical  problems  such  as  high 
blood  pressure,  allergy  and 
vascular  diseases. 

Through  molecular  studies  the 
unsolved  medical  problems  of 


the  1980s,  such  as  parasitic 
diseases  and  immune 
deficiency,  will  be  well 
understood  so  that  approaches 
to  their  solutions  will  be  defined 
by  immunological  or  gene 
therapy  techniques.  A  refining 
of  the  ability  to  manipulate  the 
genome  should  lead  not  only  to 
an  emerging  and  more  realistic 
industry  in  biotechnology,  but 
also  to  improvements  in 
agriculture,  protection  of  the 


environment,  and  a 
reappearance  of  biological 
catalysts  in  both  the  fine 
chemical  and  bulk  chemical 
industries. 

The  greatest  accomplishment 
by  the  year  2000  will  be  our 
understanding  of  how  the 
chromosome  of  a  virus  cell  is 
organized  and  how  gene 
migrations  and  alterations  play  a 
role  in  evolution  and  speciation.  I 


smaller;  individual  works  will 
tend  to  become  narrower  in 
scope,  more  idiosyncratic  in 
interest. 

In  the  end  this  very  same 
literature,  once  so  vibrant  and 
dynamic,  will  be  reduced  to 
unredeeming  silliness  at  worst 
or  uninspiring  introspection  at 
best.  The  entire  edifice  will 
become  implosive  and  collapse 
unto  itself  like  some  no  longer 


usable  "Grand  Hotel. "  And  this  is 
the  most  tragic  truth  of  all.  For 
this  is  the  ultimate  fate  of  all 
emigre  literatures.  Having  lost 
Its  rootedness,  having  been  cut 
off  from  the  native  soil,  its  very 
lifeline  severed,  the  once 
magnificent  plant  will  wither 
and  die.  Oh,  there  is  always  a 
blossoming  forth,  but  the  fading 
is  inevitable.  And  even  if  the 
plant  survives  it  is  bound  to  be 
sterile.  For  Russian  writers. 


rootedness,  connection  to  the 
native  soil  is  particularly 
important  because  Russia  has 
always  perceived  the  role  of  the 
writer  and  his  mission  as  being 
almost  sacred.  As  Solzhenitsyn 
states  in  his  First  Circle,  "...  a 
great  writer  is,  so  to  speak,  a 
second  government.  That  is  why 
no  regime  anywhere  has  ever 
loved  its  great  writers,  only  its 
minor  ones."  Therefore,  I 
suggest  that  Russia  will  always 


need  its  dissident  writers,  and  a 
new  generation  of  dissident 
writers  will  inevitably  arise.  But 
I  have  painted  a  gloomy  picture 
of  that  future  (quite  Russian  of 
me).  Yet,  literature  can  never  be 
tied  to  any  category  of  time. 
Russia's  future  literature  is 
intimately  connected  with  its 
past;  It  IS  always  engaged  in  a 
dialogue  and  polemic  with 
itself.  ■ 


heart  of  the  academy,  perhaps 
emerging  more  fully  and 
completely  in  fields  such  as  the 
creative  arts  and  even  the  hard 
sciences,  where  today  they  are 
relatively  little  developed.  At 
the  moment,  the  second 
generation  of  feminist  scholars, 
themselves  trained  m  the  1970s, 
is  taking  its  place  in  the 
academy  and  training  a  new 
generation  of  students.  The 
increasing  numbers  of  women 


selecting  professional  education 
and  the  growing  tendency  of 
these  women  to  work  in 
full-time,  permanent  careers, 
will  continue  to  foster  interest 
in  the  experiences  of  women  and 
the  ways  in  which  gender  has 
affected  the  organization  of 
society  and  culture. 

This  new  scholarship  about 
women  cannot  fail  to  influence, 
and  perhaps  even  transform. 


traditional  paradigms.  Literary 
cntics  like  Sandra  Gilbert,  Susan 
Gubar,  and  Myra  jehlen, 
historians  Nancy  Cott,  Mary 
Beth  Norton,  and  Rosalind 
Rosenberg,  psychologists  Carol 
Gilhgan  and  Jean  Baker  Miller, 
and  political  theorists  Jean 
Elshtain  and  Susan  Okin  have 
taught  us  new  ways  of  looking  at 
the  world,  as  well  as  a  new 
comprehension  of  the  social 
construction  of  knowledge 


Itself.  Many  other  scholars  have 
shown  us  how  to  integrate  the 
experiences  of  women  into  the 
framework  of  our  disciplines. 
The  inclusion  into  the 
curriculum  of  the  contributions, 
history,  and  culture  of  women 
will  be  an  evolutionary  process. 
But,  however  slowly  it  may 
proceed,  I  doubt  that  it  will  fail, 
over  the  next  1 7  years,  to  shape 
the  perspectives  of  students  and 
professors  alike.  ■ 


Linguistics  and  Cognitive  Science 


by  Ray  lackendoff 
Professor  of  Linguistics 


The  last  30  years  of  linguistics 
have  brought  us  a  rich 
understanding  of  the  phonology 
(sound  structure)  and  syntax 
(phrase  structure)  of  language. 
While  there  are  doubtless  major 
breakthroughs  yet  to  come  in 
these  areas,  the  real  frontier  is 
semantics  —  the  theory  of 
meaning  and  of  the  relation 
between  language  and  thought. 

The  reason  semantics  has 
always  been  so  difficult  is  that, 
while  we  have  some  intuitions 
about  how  language  sounds  and 
how  words  are  put  together  into 
phrases  (recall  sentence 
diagramming  in  grammar 


school),  it  is  incredibly  hard  to 
imagine  what  sort  of  thing  the 
meaning  of  a  sentence  could  be. 
It  can't  just  be  a  translation  into 
another  language  —  for  how 
then  is  this  other  language 
understood?  Philosophers  and 
logicians  have  been  wrestling 
with  this  conundrum  for 
centuries,  without  notable 
success. 

But  it  seems  now  that  help  is  on 
the  way.  Recent  research  in 
human  vision  has  begun  to 
discover  the  nature  of  the 
information  we  unconsciously 
use  to  interpret  the  spatial 
organization  of  physical  objects 


and  to  create  visual  imagery. 
This,  combined  with  our 
recently-won  understanding  of 
syntactic  structure,  gives  us  two 
independent  points  of  attack  on 
the  same  problem:  how  we 
conceptualize  the  physical 
world,  and  what  we  mean  when 
we  talk  about  the  things  we  see. 

Such  an  integration  of  the 
theories  of  language  and  vision 
IS  now  only  beginning,  but  it 
seems  fair  to  guess  it  will  be  in 
the  mainstream  of  research  in 
another  15  years.  A  more  distant 
hope  is  for  theories  of  other 
mental  faculties,  such  as  motor 
control,  that  can  be  integrated 


Biochemistry 


by  William  P.  Jencks 

Gyula  and  Katica  Tauber 
Professor  of  Biochemistry  and 
Molecular  Pharmacodynamics 


We  can  speculate  on  the 
biochemical  understanding  of 
living  systems  that  will  be 
available  in  the  year  2000  only 
on  the  basis  of  new  directions 
now  beginning  to  develop.  The 
most  general  prediction  is  that 
we  will  understand  on  a 
chemical  basis  many  of  the 
processes  that  have  been 
considered  peculiar  to  living 
systems  ever  since  they  were 
first  identified  and,  until 


recently,  considered  to  be  beyond 
the  scope  of  scientihc  inquiry. 
This  will  include  an 
understanding  of  how  chemical 
compounds  and  energy,  from  the 
utihzation  of  foodstuffs,  can  give 
results  other  than  conversion  to 
other  chemical  compounds. 

One  example  is  the  conversion 
of  biochemical  energy  to  work 
—  such  as  muscle  contraction, 
the  development  of  electrical 


energy  by  nerves  and  electric 
eels,  and  the  movement  of 
chemicals  across  membranes. 
This  area  is  just  at  the  point  of 
becoming  understood  on  a 
biochemical  basis,  based  on  the 
results  of  recent  studies  of  the 
biochemistry  of  muscle,  nerves, 
and  enzymes.  This  work  is  even 
beginning  to  provide  an 
understanding  of  mental 
processes,  such  as  learning, 
which  IS  now  being  studied  on  a 


Sociology 


by  Paula  Rayman 

Assistant  Professor  of  Sociology 


Sociology  has  traditionally 
addressed  the  nature  of  the 
relationship  between 
individuals  and  social 
institutions,  from  pnmary  group 
associations  such  as  the  family 
to  the  organization  of  the 
nation-state.  Sub- fields  of  the 
discipline  reflect  its  wide 
concerns  ranging  from  social/ 
psychological  to  political/ 
sociological  theories. 

Rooted  in  the  examination 
of  the  form  and  substance  of 
what  constitutes  society, 
sociology  has  as  its  task  the 


comprehension  of  social  reality: 
What  are  its  core  values?  The 
essence  of  its  social  fabric?  The 
possibilities  for  new  growth  and 
the  potential  of  decline?  In 
addition  sociology  that  is  well 
done  will  always,  paraphrasing 
C.  Wright  Mills,  be  aware  of  the 
historical  perspective  and 
delineate  where  biography  and 
social  forces  intersect. 

Historically  it  seems  clear  that 
many  industnalized  and 
developing  societies  find 
themselves  in  a  paradoxical 
situation.  Since  the  flounshing 


of  the  Age  of  Enlightenment  and 
Emancipation  much  emphasis 
has  been  placed  on  values  of 
individualism  and  freedom.  Yet 
a  combination  of  modern  forces, 
new  forms  of  technology, 
bureaucratic  centralization, 
economic  and  social  domination, 
inhibit  genuine  individuahty 
and  lead  to  emerging  realities  of 
mass  control,  mass  insecurity 
and  last  but  especially  not  least 
the  mass  destruction  possible 
under  a  nuclear  age.  There  is 
increasing  dependency  on 
institutions  that  appear 
uncontrollable  and 


with  these  two.  Such  theories 
would  enable  us  to  understand 
not  only  how  we  talk  about  what 
we  see,  but  also  how  we  talk 
about  what  we  do,  and  how  we 
use  our  sight  to  help  us  move 
about  in  the  world.  This  sort  of 
research  may  well  be  taking 
place,  though  hardly  in  a  big 
way,  by  the  year  2000. 

I  think  it's  also  reasonable  to 
imagine  that  we  will  come  to 
some  better  understanding  of 
how  the  brain  actually  encodes 
the  information  that  the 
theories  of  language  and  vision 
have  uncovered.  Through  20 
years  of  painstaking  research. 


we  now  have  a  good  idea  of  the 
neurological  instantiation  of 
some  very  primitive  aspects  of 
the  visual  system.  On  the  other 
hand,  we  haven't  the  slightest 
notion  of  how  the  nervous 
system  encodes  a  speech  sound 
—  not  to  mention  one's 
knowledge  of  words  or  world 
wars.  Although  much  has  been 
made  of  the  analogy  between 
computers  and  brains,  in 
actuality  the  digital 
organization  and  serial 
processing  of  a  computer  do  not 
bear  much  resemblance  to  the 
quasi-analogue  organization  and 
massively  parallel  processing  of 
the  brain.  This  disparity,  often 


sloughed  over  in  the  enthusiasm 
for  computer  modeling  of  the 
mind,  is  slowly  beginning  to  be 
recognized  as  serious.  I  would 
hope  that  by  the  year  2000  this 
recognition  will  bring  about  an 
active  collaboration  between 
cognitive  science,  neuroscience, 
and  computer  science,  with  the 
goal  of  developing  a  realistic 
theory  of  what  sort  of 
information-processing  device  a 
nervous  system  might  be.  The 
outcome  will  be  fascinating,  and 
quite  unlike  any  theory  of 
information  processing  now 
known. 


In  short,  we  are  at  present  on  the 
brink  of  a  grand  integration  of 
evidence  from  many  different 
areas,  an  integration  that  is 
conceivable  only  because  of  the 
exciting  advances  in  each  of 
these  areas  during  the  past  15 
years.  By  2000, 1  expect  to  see 
much  more  clearly  what  form 
this  integration  will  take,  and  I 
eagerly  look  forward  to 
participating  in  the  continued 
exploration  of  the  perplexing 
and  awesome  question  of  how 
the  human  mind  works.  ■ 


biochemical  basis  for  the  first 
time,  m  snails.  Even  emotions 
are  being  found  to  be  mediated 
by  biochemical  substances,  and 
it  IS  virtually  certain  that  the 
control  of  the  release  and  the 
action  of  these  substances  will 
be  largely  understood  in  the  next 
decades. 

The  understanding  of  the 
chemical  basis  for  many  life 
processes  is  beginning  to  make 


possible  the  rational 
development  of  drugs,  which 
previously  were  found  almost 
exclusively  by  chance.  This  will 
certainly  lead  to  dramatic 
differences  in  the  treatment  of 
disease.  The  best  known 
developments  are  m  the 
mechanism  of  heredity  and 
expression  of  genetic  material  — 
the  DNA  story.  The 
understanding  of  these 
processes  is  well  developed  in 


primitive  organisms  and  is 
beginning  to  be  understood  in 
organisms  as  complicated  as 
man.  It  is  hkely  that  it  will  be 
possible  to  change  these 
processes  in  controlled  ways,  so 
that  a  number  of  difficult, 
non-scientific  decisions  will 
have  to  be  made  about  the 
utilization  of  this  knowledge. 

The  most  interesting  aspect  of 
progress  in  science  is  that  the 


most  important  developments 
occur  in  ways  that  no  one 
predicted.  That  is  why  it  is 
important  to  carry  out  research, 
and  support  research,  on  the 
basis  of  its  excellence  rather 
than  merely  its  relevance  to 
some  immediate  need.  ■ 


insurmountably  complex  and 
powerful. 

Sociology  in  the  next  two 
decades  needs  to  carefully 
consider  these  principal  social 
issues  of  our  times  and 
stimulate  reasoned  thinking 
about  a  transformative  society. 
Among  the  central  topics  that  I 
hope  will  capture  the  best  of  our 
individual  and  collective 
sociological  imaginations: 


-  The  Nature  of  an  Increasing 
Technocratic  Society:  the 
problems  it  poses  for 
individual  dignity  and  social 
liberation;  can  humanity 
have  a  "coming  of  age",  with 
moral  and  ethical 
achievements  catching  up 
with  the  progress  of 
technology? 


The  Meaning  of  Feminism 
and  the  Women's  Movement: 
is  there  a  distinct  mode  of 
"feminist  thinking"  or  a 
female  morality  which  is 
potentially  species 
liberating?  How  will  the 
feminization  of  poverty  and 
the  prospect  of  genetic 
engineering  shape  and 
redefine  choices  in  the  private 
and  public  spheres? 


-  What  is  the  Meaning  of  Living 
in  a  Nuclear  Age:  can  we 
understand  the  experiences  of 
"psychic  numbing"  and  the 
acceptance  of  the  possibility 
of  global  annihilation;  how 
will  religious  movements, 
state  governments,  grassroots 
efforts  respond  to  the  threat? 
As  we  move  towards  the  year 
2000  is  there  evidence  that 
war  could  ever  be  a  means  tor 
socially  productive  ends?H 


A  Spectacular  Success  Story: 

The  National  Women's  Committee 


by  Adnenne  Udis  Rosenblatt  '61 


Adrienne  Udis  Rosenblatt  graduated  from  Brandeis  in  1961 
with  a  B.A.  in  English  and  American  Literature.  She  resides  in 
Bloomfield,  Connecticut,  with  her  husband.  Joel.  Class  of  '61. 
and  their  two  children.  She  is  a  past  national  vice  president  of 
BUNWC  and  currently  chair  of  its  quarterly  newspaper  Imprint. 
She  has  been  chair  of  the  Connecticut  Admissions  Council  since 


its  inception  in  the  early  1 970s. 


Edith  MichuL'h  iFir^t  National  BUNWC  President  1948-511. 
Eleanor  Roosevelt,  and  Polly  Slater,  BUNWC  Conference  Chair, 
at  an  early  commencement. 

Cutting  the  ribbon  at  June  1983  ceremonies  dedicating  the 
National  Women's  Committee  Wall  in  the  new  Farber  Library. 
BUNWC  founders  (l.-r.j  Augusta  Katz  and  Tillie  Thorner. 
National  Vice  President  Ellie  Shuman,  National  President 
Cynthia  Shulman,  and  Founder  and  former  National  President 
Hannah  Abrams. 


IRANDEjSUUI 


In  1948  eight  daring  Boston  women  came  together  to  form  a 
volunteer  group  whose  goal  was  to  help  build  and  stock  a  library 
for  a  fledgling  university  just  beginning  to  nse  on  a  hill  above  the 
town  of  Waltham. 

They  called  the  group  the  Brandeis  University  National  Women's 
Committee  (BUNWC). 

Thirty-five  years  later,  that  original,  small,  volunteer 
organization  has  developed  into  one  of  the  most  spectacular 
success  stories  in  the  annals  of  volunteerism. 

Edith  Michaels,  a  former  president  of  Boston  Hadassah,  is  the 
woman  to  whom  George  Alpert,  the  first  president  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  tumed  to  suggest  the  formation  of  such  a  volunteer 
group.  She,  along  with  the  seven  other  Boston  women,  formed  the 
strong  base  on  which  the  organization  has  grown. 

The  first  ofHcial  meeting  in  June  1948  was  attended  by  40 
women,  who  were  able  to  donate  $10,000  and  the  first  2,000 
volumes  to  the  university  library.  The  gift  was  made  one  month 
before  the  first  students  matriculated. 

The  excitement  of  the  task  spread  quickly  and  chapters  sprouted 
throughout  New  England,  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  m  the  South, 
the  Midwest,  the  Southwest,  and  on  the  West  Coast.  By  1949,  it 
was  possible  to  convene  a  national  conference  in  Boston  with 
representatives  from  all  over  the  country. 

Each  successive  national  president's  report  glowed  with  the 
enthusiasm  of  geographical  expansion  and  mounting 
membership  so  that  today  the  organization  boasts  a  membership 
of  67,000  in  125  chapters— including  Hawaii. 

This  accompHshment  has  made  the  National  Women's 
Committee  the  single  largest  benefactor  in  Brandeis'  history  and 
the  largest  volunteer  library  support  group  in  America. 

From  its  humble  beginnings  in  a  converted  stone  stable  in  1948, 
to  the  three-story  hbrary  wing  addition  m  1953,  to  the 
magnificent  Goldf arb  Library  in  1 959,  to  the  Gerstenzang  Library 


JA    f,       Ml.     I        I 


PjlPtw^l 


BOOKSAIE 


of  Science  m  1962,  to  the  newly  opened  Father  Lihrary  in  1983, 
the  National  Women's  Committee  has  overseen  the 
development,  growth,  and  expansion  of  the  university  library 
system. 

It  has  translated  its  $21  milhon  benefaction  into  868,000  books 
and  over  600,000  microtexts.  Besides  hlling  the  stacks  and 
providing  the  daily  maintenance  of  the  libraries,  the  Women's 
Committee  has  also  provided  scholarships  and  salaries  to 
Brandeis  students  who  work  in  the  library. 

Sensing  the  extraordinary'  showcase  of  intellectual  talent 
residing,  literally,  m  its  backyard,  BUNWC  sought  to  take  full 
advantage  of  the  remarkable  willingness  of  the  Brandeis  faculty 
to  aid  in  its  activities.  In  1956,  m  order  to  bring  the  membership 
closer  to  the  university  and  to  involve  new  members,  the 
organization  embarked  on  its  exciting  Study  Group  Program. 
Faculty  members  prepared  syllabi  for  courses  ranging  from 
literature  and  drama,  to  world  affairs,  the  arts,  and  Judaic  studies, 
for  use  by  Brandeis  members  in  their  own  communities. 

From  early  conferences  and  panel  discussions,  featuring  such 
luminaries  as  Abraham  Maslow,  Irving  Howe,  Max  Lemer, 
Ludwig  Lewisohn  and  Eleanor  Roosevelt,  the  Women's 
Committee  established  its  speakers  bureau  and  encouraged 
chapters  to  invite  a  university  professor  annually  to  an  open 
meeting.  Many  chapters  and  regions  have  also  participated  in  the 
innovative  University  on  Wheels  program  m  which  two  or  three 
professors  take  to  the  road  and  present  day-long  seminars. 

Brandeis  Abroad  is  a  unique  travel  program  offered  by  BUNWC. 
Women's  Committee  members  are  accompanied  on  travel  tours 
by  faculty  members  familiar  with  the  areas  to  be  visited.  Their 
expertise  adds  immeasurably  to  the  quality  of  the  program. 

The  library  is  both  geographically  and  symboUcally  the  physical 
and  academic  heart  of  the  campus.  Without  the  consistency, 
selflessness,  and  hard  work  of  the  Women's  Committee, 
university  officials  agree  that  the  library  program  would  have 


been  limited.  However  good  and  competent  it  may  have  been,  it 
would  not  have  been  unique.  And  unique  is  the  word  that  best 
describes  these  energetic,  devoted  women  who,  despite  raising 
$1,700,250  last  year,  are  still  not  satisfied.  "We  don't  have  time 
for  basking  in  our  glory,"  says  National  President  Cynthia 
Shulman.  "The  successes  we  have  had  merely  prepare  us  for  the 
challenges  that  face  the  Brandeis  libraries  tomorrow." 

This  epitomizes  the  attitude  shared  by  these  atypical  women 
who  have  made  work  their  pleasure  and  responsibility  their  love; 
who  dared  to  dream  a  dream  almost  as  large  as  the  Brandeis  dream 
Itself;  who,  possessing  the  courage  and  vision,  found  the  means  to 
shape  the  dream  into  reality;  and  who  continue  to  magically  turn 
the  word  "challenge"  into  success. 

Newly  inaugurated  Brandeis  President  Evelyn  E.  Handler 
summed  up  the  administration's  feelings  toward  the  Women's 
Committee:  "Its  impact  on  the  university  has  been  remarkable.  It 
has  provided  the  books,  journals,  papers,  and  microfilm  that  fill 
the  Brandeis  hbraries.  But  it  has  accomplished  more  than  that.  It 
represents  the  university  with  elegance  in  communities  across 
the  country,  serving  as  advocate,  as  messenger  of  our  needs  and 
dreams.  Through  its  constancy,  loyalty,  and  confidence  in 
Brandeis,  the  Women's  Committee  has  inspired  nationwide 
support  in  helping  us  build  and  strengthen  a  distinguished 
university  of  excellence." 

Founding  President  Abram  L.  Sachar  sees  the  National  Women's 
Committee's  contribution  to  the  university's  libraries  as  "much, 
much  more  than  a  tribute  to  fundraising  resourcefulness."  He 
praises  the  "tens  of  thousands  of  women  who  became,  and  are, 
ambassadors  for  the  university.  .  .  .  The  achievement  is  unique 
because  we  received  not  only  the  gifts  but  the  givers  too." 

It  is  both  interesting  and  understandable  that  the  National 
Women's  Committee  also  serves  as  an  unofficial  recruiter  for  the 
university.  "Over  the  years,  many  of  our  students  first  heard  the 
name  Brandeis  through  the  National  Women's  Committee's 
Used  Book  Sales  in  their  home  towns, "  says  David  Gould,  dean  of 
Admissions. 

Perhaps  what  makes  the  achievements  of  BUNWC  all  the  more 
impressive  are  these  two  remarkable  facts:  only  a  relative  handful 
of  its  members  are  Brandeis  graduates,  and  very  few  of  the  67,000 
women  have  ever  seen  the  campus  whose  libraries  they  so 
lovingly  support. 

Why,  then,  this  unbehevable  devotion  ?  How  does  one  account  for 
the  incredible  support  lavished  so  consistently  on  Brandeis: 
Certainly,  there  is  the  association  with  the  academic  life,  the 
world  of  ideas.  There  are  the  bonds  of  firmly  forged  friendships, 
shared  goals  and  experiences  with  women  from  coast  to  coast. 
Also,  there  is  the  acquisition  of  skills — learned,  refined,  and 
utilized — that  the  many  project  areas  provide. 

An  important  and  appealing  ideology;  a  specific  project,  purpose, 
and  goal;  the  right  timing;  the  right  people — mix  these 
ingredients  together  and  add  Max  Lerner's  descnption  of  a 
library:  "It  has  a  musty  smell  about  it  from  the  dust  that  has 
gathered  on  books  and  ideas  over  the  centunes,  but  there  is  also  in 
the  air  a  slight  smell  of  dynamite." 

BUNWC  has  set  the  charge,  and  the  academic  world  is  reeling 
from  the  explosion.  ■ 


Brandeis  Alumni: 


Assertive,  Principled  and 
Opinionated  — 
From  107  to  17,472 


June  16,  1952.  The  sun  shone  that  day,  as  it 
had  all  week,  on  8,000  friends  of  Brandeis 
who  had  assembled  to  witness  the  granting 
of  the  University's  first  degrees. 

One  hundred  and  seven  seniors  marched  in, 
led  by  Gustav  Ranis,  senior  class  president, 
and  Paul  Levenson,  president  of  the 
Student  Union.  After  everyone  was  seated 
in  place,  Phylis  Levins  Acker  stepped  to  the 
podium  to  receive  the  official  parchment 
signalling  completion  of  a  college 
education.  She  thus  became  the  first  person 
to  receive  a  degree  from  Brandeis. 

She  has  been  followed  by  some  17,471  other 
black-robed  students. 

Yet  35  years  later,  it  is  not  the  number  of 
graduates  that  is  impressive;  it  is  the 
imprint  that  they  are  leaving  in  almost 
every  field  of  endeavor.  The  richness  of 
their  lives,  their  outstanding  careers,  their 
visions  and  contributions  to  society 
validate  the  energy,  commitment  and 
dedication  that  have  been  harnessed 
through  the  years  to  make  Brandeis 
what  it  is. 

"I  come  across  Brandeis  graduates  in  all 
walks  of  life.  In  community  work,  in  the 
business  world.  They  are  often  m  positions 
of  public  and  private  trust.  I  am  proud  and 
pleased  when  someone  I  came  to  admire 
turns  out  to  be  a  Brandeis  graduate," 
commented  Barbara  Kasm  Kravitz  '57  who, 
through  her  community  activities  and 
work  in  newspaper  and  financial 
development  in  Boston,  has  had  extensive 
dealings  with  a  large  and  varied 
community. 

The  17,472  graduates  came  to  Brandeis  for 

different  reasons: 

"To  live  up  to  my  potential,"  Lois  Lindauer 

Seltz  '53; 

"To  retire  early,  since  I  dislike  most  work," 

John  B.  Crosby  '59; 

"To  be  a  contributing  member  of  society," 

Marshall  J.  Mott  '61; 

"To  make  the  world  a  better  place,"  Nina 

Judd  Hersh  '65; 

"To  seek  the  truth,  even  into  its  innermost 

parts  ..."  Albert  A.  Foer  '66; 

"To  be  happy  and  successful  and  good  at 

whatever  I  chose  to  do  with  my  hfe,"  Jane 

Kunstler  '66; 

"To  have  a  job  that  would  be  beneficial  to 

society,"  Kathi  Rook  Conley  71. 

Although  they  came  for  various  reasons, 
and  have  scattered  to  different  professions 
and  locales,  a  majority  share  a  common 
feeling:  "Brandeis  graduates  tend  to  feel 


f> 


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Cover  photograph  on  the  August  1952issue  of  the  "Official  Pubhcation  of  Brandeis  University." 


they  are  part  of  a  family  unit,"  says  Paula 
Dubofsky  Resnick  '61,  president  of  the 
Brandeis  Alumni  Association. 

"Brandeis  alumni,"  she  says,  "felt  they 
owned  the  school  and  during  the  first  20 
years  while  Abram  Sachar  was  president, 
they  felt  he  was  also  their  father."  And  as 
sons  and  daughters  are  meant  to  do,  the 
students  fought  with  their  Brandeis 
"father."  Resnick  points  out  that,  "Early  on 
we  had  face-to-face  arguments  with  Sachar 
about  the  direction  of  the  school.  In  the 
1950s  we  fought  tuition  increases,  and  the 
rebellion  continues  to  this  day  with 
students  Hghting  for  stock  divestiture." 

This  questioning,  opinionated,  principled 
and  assertive  student  body  has  gone  on  to 
forge  impressive  careers.  Today,  the 
University  can  already  point  to  two 
graduates  who  are  Pulitzer  Prize  winners 


(Richard  Wernick  '55,  in  music  and 
Thomas  L.  Friedman  '75  for  international 
reporting),  three  graduates  who  are 
recipients  of  the  prestigious  MacArthur 
Fellowship  (Karen  Uhlenbeck  '68, 
Lawrence  Rosen '63  and  Ed  Witten  '71),  and 
Oscar  and  Emmy  winners  (Jeremy  Lamer 
'58  and  Letty  Cottm  Pogrebm  '59). 

The  University  can  also  point  with  pride  to 
innumerable  winners  of  lesser  known 
awards,  to  those  whose  books  continue  to 
appear  on  publishers'  lists,  those 
outstanding  joumahsts  whose  bylines  are 
visible  on  our  most  influential  newspapers, 
those  who  are  conducting  symphonies, 
holding  honored  positions  within  our  most 
distinguished  museums  and  universities 
and  on  and  on. 

The  well-estabUshed  tradition  of  large 
numbers  of  graduates  entering  into  the 


medical  profession  continues  to  this  day. 
For  several  years  it  has  been  estimated  that 
about  ten  percent  of  each  graduating  class 
goes  on  to  medical  school,  and  last  year's 
figure  shows  the  same  high  acceptance  rate. 
Though  times  have  changed,  ambitions 
have  not.  In  response  to  a  c;[uestionnaire 
circulated  to  the  class  of  1982,  97  percent  of 
that  class  said  they  had  plans  to  acquire 
advanced  degrees,  although  53  percent  of 
them  indicated  they  would  attend  graduate 
or  professional  school  after  one  or  two  years 
of  work  experience. 

But  education  should  stretch  beyond 
professional  success.  "Even  though  a 
significant  portion  of  Brandeis  alumni/ae 
are  successful,  they  have  not  abandoned 
many  of  their  altruistic  causes.  There  is 
still,  among  them,  a  strong  and  caring 
concern  about  the  rest  of  the  world.  If  a 
university  can  give  that  legacy,  it  is  doing 
an  excellent  job,"  says  Resnick. 

Resnick's  viewpoint  is  confirmed  by  a 
casual  leafing  through  the  alumni 
directory.  In  addition  to  doctors, 
psychiatrists,  lawyers  and  teachers,  there 
are  large  numbers  of  alumni/ae  working 
within  social  service  agencies. 

What  also  stands  out  is  the  large  number  of 
women  graduates  holding  responsible  and 
varied  positions:  doctors,  lawyers, 
presidents  and  vice-presidents  of 
corporations,  an  assistant  attorney  general, 
television  commentators,  writers, 
psychiatrists.  These  accomplishments  are 
not  surprising  for  recent  women  graduates, 
but  are  an  impressive  record  when  one 
recalls  the  limited  careers  of  previous 
generations  of  women. 

"I  had  few  personal  aspirations  beyond 
educating  myself  sufhciently  to  attract  a 
worthy  husband —  a  goal  that  was  typical 
for  women  of  my  generation.  I  felt 
subordinate,  when  it  occurred  to  me  in  my 
junior  year  to  think  about  my  own  future," 
said  Letty  Cottm  Pogrebin  who  has 
achieved  a  very  successful  career  as  writer, 
founder  and  editor  of  MS  magazine,  author 
of  three  books,  numerous  articles  and 
winner  of  an  Emmy  for  a  television  series. 
Like  Pogrebin,  many  other  women  found 
their  spirit  and  voice  while  at  Brandeis. 


"Brandeis  graduates  have  a  deep 
commitment  to  their  alma  mater,"  says 
Gladys  Jacobson,  Director  of  Alumni 
Relations.  "Even  those  who  may  have 
differed  strongly  with  the  administration 
while  students,  as  the  years  go  by,  return  to 
Brandeis  with  strong  emotional  ties,  and  a 
sense  of  pride  and  appreciation  for  their 
undergraduate  education."  The  Alumni 
Association  is  the  formal  structure  that 
pulls  together  all  the  scattered  voices.  It 
grows  stronger,  larger  and  more  active  each 
year,  and  today  has  14  chapters  across  the 
country. 


Styles  may  change,  pastimes  may  change, 
and  even  individuals  may  change,  but, 
perhaps,  what  Jane  Kunstler  '66  found  at 
Brandeis,  will  not:  "What  I  got  out  of  my 
years  at  Brandeis  were  feelings  of  pride  and 
independence,  the  idea  that  life  held  many 
possibilities  for  me,  and  that  it  would  be 
what  I  made  it.  All  these  feehngs  were  the 
result  of  many  individual  experiences,  a 
dozen  different  teachers,  lots  of  discussions 
wdth  other  students.  A  Brandeis  education, 
to  me,  was  even  more  than  the  sum  of  its 
parts. "■ 


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The  Biblical  Origins  of  Exegesis 

Continued  from  page  14 


person.  However,  this  notion  of  deferred 
and  vicarious  punishment  was  considered 
offensive  theologically  and  morally  to  later 
generations,  and  so  many  attempts  arose  to 
reverse  it.  Most  remarkable  among  these 
reversals  is  a  statement  found  in 
Deuteronomy  (ch.  7),  where  Moses  (no  less) 
recites  the  old  revelation  but  with  a 
strategic  exegetical  variation.  Instead  of 
citing  God's  original  words,  Moses  says 
that  God  punishes  each  person  directly.  In 
other  words,  the  old  doctrine  was  flatly 
rejected  in  favor  of  the  pnnciple  of 
individual  responsibility;  and  the  rejection 
is  formulated  through  the  mouth  of  Moses, 
the  sole  recipient  of  the  original  revelation! 
Once  again,  a  textual  crisis  is  revolved 
exegetically  and  preserved  in  Scripture. 

Developments:  In  reviewing  the  evidence 
of  exegesis  preserved  in  the  Hebrew  Bible, 
the  following  three  points  are  of  particular 
historical  interest.  (I)  The  development  of 
scholarly  traditions  of  exegesis.  Over  long 
periods  of  time,  ancient  Israelite  scribes, 
legal  scholars,  prophetic  disciples,  and  so 
on  produced  a  thesaurus  of  technical  terms 
which  disclose  (in  some  measure)  the 
existence  of  different  schools  of  exegesis 
and  different  ways  of  reasoning  about 
textual  difhculties.  In  many  cases,  these 
technical  terms  of  exegesis  appear  together 
with  specific  types  of  exegetical  reasoning. 
For  example,  the  exegetical  terms  found  in 
the  biblical  legal  collections  show  an 
intense  concern  with  the  scrutinization 
and  comparison  of  concrete  cases,  as  well  as 
an  interest  in  drawing  legal  analogies  and 
inferences,  harmomzing  contradictions, 
and  even  circumscribing  the  sphere  of 
certain  rules  in  order  to  make  them  more 
functional  or  livable.  Overall,  we  see  an 
increase  of  technical  terms  as  the  biblical 
period  draws  to  an  end,  and  a  concomitant 
increase  of  rational  analysis  reflecting  a 
serious  legal  culture.  Moreover,  one  can 
also  detect  tendencies  towards 
generalization  in  the  law  and  the 
beginnings  of  rational  self-sufficiency  in 
the  law.  But  the  movement  toward  general 
concepts  and  a  legal  exegesis  justified 
entirely  on  human  reasoning  (and  not  in 
some  manner  by  divine  authority)  does  not 
develop  fully  until  the  classical  rabbinic 
period  and  later. 

(II)  The  development  of  a  comprehensive 
vision  of  the  received  texts.  As  separate 
texts  were  produced  and  accumulated  over 
the  centunes,  and  as  scholars  from  different 
traditions  studied  these  texts  and 
correlated  them,  there  began  to  develop  a 
tendency  to  produce  new,  eclectic 
formulations.  For  example,  m  the 
post-exilic  period  (from  the  6-5th  century 


B.C.E.)  we  find  new  collections  of  rules 
drawn  from  vanous  earlier  sources.  The 
covenant  established  by  Nehemiah  among 
a  certain  group  of  the  faithful  returnees 
from  the  Babylonian  exile  is  a  good  case,  for 
in  Neh.  10  we  find  a  hst  of  rules  collated 
from  diverse  biblical  legal  sources  and  the 
clear  attempt  to  harmonize  and  reinterpret 
many  of  them.  Or  again,  to  take  two 
different  genres,  we  find  homiletical 
speeches  in  the  Book  of  Chromcles  and 
liturgical  prayers  in  the  Book  of  Nehemiah 
composed  of  textual  snippets  culled  from 
older  sources.  These  anthological 
compositions  are  not  simply  examples  of 
epigonic  creativity,  or  attempts  to  give  an 
archaic  cast  to  the  new  compositions.  They 
rather  point  to  the  increased  awareness  of 
late  biblical  writers  that  they  were  the  heirs 
of  a  rich  textual  culture,  and  witness  to  new 
possibilities  of  utilizing  this  patrimony  in 
new  forms. 

We  may  now  ask  an  obvious  question. 
What  accounts  for  the  development  of  a 
comprehensive  textual  vision,  such  as 
begins  to  characterize  the  final  stages  of 
bibhcal  culture?  We  can  briefly  point  to 
three  factors.  Of  premier  importance  was 
Babylonian  exile  in  the  6th  century.  At  this 
time,  ludeans  met  their  compatriots  from 
other  cultic  regions,  compared  traditional 
texts  and  customs,  and  attempted  to  create 
a  workable  national  consensus  fiom  among 
the  diversity  of  received  traditions  and 
rules.  We  may  imagine  pnests  and  teachers 
confronting  new  documents,  comparing 
them,  and  attempting  to  coordinate, 
combine,  and  reinterpret  them  for  their 
times.  This  process  is  related  to  a  second 
factor:  contemporary  Persian  policy.  For 
one  of  the  remarkable  features  of 
Achaemenid  foreign  policy  in  the  6-5th 
century  was  that  it  encouraged  the  revival 
of  native  law  in  the  various  areas  under  its 
hegemony.  Thus,  not  only  was  Ezra  given 
the  right  to  establish  the  Torah  of  his  Lord 
in  Judea,  but  similar  rights  were  granted  to 
legal  scholars  in  Egypt  and  ancient  Iran  as 
well.  Undoubtedly,  Persian  sponsorship  of 
the  use  and  development  of  native  law 
within  the  larger  superstructure  of  the 
Achaemenid  empire  encouraged  the  study 
and  comparison  of  different  Israelite  texts, 
as  well  as  the  attempt  to  coordinate  them 
into  a  workable  constitution  for  the  entire 
people.  One  result  was  that  those  who  were 
chiefly  involved  in  writing  and  comparing 
the  ancient  texts  and  traditions  tended  to 
develop  new  logical  and  technical 
procedures  for  comparing,  contrasting  and 
analyzing  the  diverse  materials.  It  is  of 
historical  interest  to  note  that  centuries 
later,  the  early  Jewish  bookmen  (called 


sopherim  ]  also  developed  their  techniques 
of  exegesis  while  preoccupied  with  copying 
and  comparing  the  sacred  documents  in 
their  charge. 

(Ill)  A  third  type  of  development  may  now 
be  touched  upon:  the  development  of  new 
religious  groups  around  traditions  of 
interpretations.  It  is  hard  to  overemphasize 
this  phenomenon  whose  first  traces  may  be 
detected  in  our  early  post-exile  sources 
(from  the  6-5th  centur>').  Thus,  when  Ezra 
comes  back  to  Judea,  he  does  so  with  a 
coterie  of  Levites  highly  trained  in  the  arts 
of  exegesis  and  proficient  in  the  use  of 
highly  technical  vocabulary.  (See  Ezra  7. )  So 
much,  in  fact,  was  Ezra  and  his  circle 
involved  with  the  exegesis  of  traditional 
texts  that  when  these  men  determined  to 
banish  foreign  wives  fiom  the  restoration 
community  they  did  so  principally  on  the 
basis  of  the  reinterpretation  of  older 
pentateuchal  rules — and  did  not  simply 
utilize  such  expediencies  as  political  or 
police  enforcement. 

If  one  examines  this  and  other  instances, 
the  first  traces  of  an  important  historical 
phenomenon  can  be  detected.  For  what  is 
noticeable  is  that  rehgious  groups  were 
now  forming  on  the  basis  of  their 
interpretations  of  biblical  texts  as 
presented  to  them  by  a  teacher  or  wise 
scribe.  This  development  was  fateful 
dunngthe  centunes  withm  which  classical 
Judaism  emerged.  One  thinks,  for  example, 
of  the  Qumran  community,  the  Pharasaic 
Havurah,  or  the  earUest  Christian 
communities  in  this  regard.  Over  and  over 
again  our  sources  speak  of  the  emergence  of 
groups  formed  around  teachers  who 
claimed  the  exegetical  authority  to 
expound  Scnpture  rightly  and  truly. 
Significantly,  the  sectanans  do  not  follow 
their  teacher's  Scnpture;  they  rather  follow 
his  interpretation  of  the  received  Scriptures 
of  ancient  Israel.  Accordingly,  early 
sectarian  differentiations  were  marked  by 
contending  exegetical  claims.  And  this  was 
essentially  because  the  critical  issue  turned 
on  the  question,  "Who  is  the  true  Israel?" 
Since  the  Scnptural  text  was  the  common 
patrimony  of  all  Jews,  the  real  bone  of 
contention  was  its  proper  meaning — or 
exphcation — and  so  the  proper  practice  of 
the  divine  teachings. 

Let  us  now  briefly  tum  to  our  third  overall 
category:  Transformations.  As  the 
authoritative  texts  and  traditions  of  ancient 
Israel  were  accumulated  and  collected  they 
became  the  basis  of  an  increasingly  text 
centered  or  a  "Scnptural"  rehgion. 
Moreover,  to  the  extent  that  it  was  felt  that 


u 


35  the  basic  divine  teachings  were  given,  a 
great  cultural  burden  fell  upon  exegesis 
whose  task  it  was  to  prolong  contact  with 
the  sacred  written  sources  and  give  them 
meaning.  Several  interesting  shifts  may  be 
observed  in  this  connection.  The  first 
example  comes  from  the  Book  of  Ezra  (ch.  71 
where  the  priest-scholar  Ezra  is  presented 
as  the  one  authorized  by  the  Persians  to 
institute  the  Torah  as  a  national-legal 
constitution  for  those  Judeans  returned  to 
their  homeland. 

Now  in  earlier  texts,  when  a  person  posed 
an  oracular  inqun-y  of  the  Lord,  the  verb 
daiash  ("to  mquire")  was  commonly  used. 
With  Ezra,  however,  this  term  has 
undergone  a  fundamental  transformation; 
for  we  read  that  Ezra  is  charged  with  the 
duty  "to  inquire  (daiash)  of  the  Torah  of 
the  Lord."  The  change  is  fateful,  for,  as 
against  earlier  usage,  Ezra  does  not  inquire 
of  the  Lord  directly  (through  oracles)  but 
inquires  of  the  words  of  the  Lord  as 
inscribed  in  Scnpture.  A  second  example 
attesting  to  the  gradual  transformation  of 
ancient  Israelite  religion  into  a  Scriptural 
religion  can  be  found  in  Psalm  1 19.  In  this 
late  hymn  to  the  Torah  the  psalmist 
requests  a  manifestation  of  the  wonders  of 
the  Lord — a  divine  revelation.  But  he  does 
not  simply  ask  for  immediate  contact  with 
the  Lord,  as  is  frequently  the  case  in  older 
Psalms.  Instead,  the  psalmist  requests  a 
divine  revelation  of  the  true  interpretation 
of  the  Scripture.  He  thus  does  not  hope  for  a 
new  divine  word,  but  rather  requests  a 
divine  guidance  in  the  proper  exegesis  of 
older  words — of  Scripture.  Our  final 
example  comes  from  the  Book  of  Daniel. 
Whereas  in  the  early  levels  of  prophecy  the 
divine  word  was  given  directly  to  a  prophet 
by  means  of  an  oral  communication,  and 
concerned  a  present  or  near  future  moment, 
in  Daniel  9  the  old  oracles  appear  as  written 
texts  which  are  studied  and  reapplied  (with 
divine  guidance)  to  historical  situations 
quite  unrelated  to  their  original  text.  From 
this,  it  is  quite  clear  that  a  remarkable 
transformation  in  the  very  nature  of 
prophecy  has  occurred.  Now  prophecy  is 
the  written  record  of  older  divine 
communication  which  must  be 
reinterpreted  and  applied  to  new 
generations,  and  is  no  longer  living  divine 
speech. 

Several  related  transformations  may  be 
briefly  added  here  in  order  to  fill  out  our 
sketch  of  a  developing  Scriptual  religion  in 
ancient  Israel.  With  exegesis,  we  encounter 
the  emergence  of  lay  leaders:  no  longer  is 
the  study,  teaching  and  apphcation  of  the 
divine  teachings  restricted  to  priestly 
guilds.  Relatedly,  the  focus  on  texts  and 


their  interpretation  sponsored  and 
supported  the  emergence  of  a  religion  not 
solely  dependent  on  cult  and  sacrifice. 
Undoubtedly  the  exile  was  an  important 
factor  in  this  transformation.  Since 
sacrifice  was  not  permitted  in  the  exile,  the 
study  and  interpretation  of  texts  and 
traditions  emerged  as  a  vital  preoccupation. 
In  fact,  this  transformation  survived  the 
exile  and  gave  Judaism  the  vitality  to 
withstand  the  ultimate  decimation  of  its 
sacrificial  system,  centuries  later,  when  the 
Romans  destroyed  Jerusalem  and  the 
Temple. 

And  finally,  with  exegesis  came  the 
emergence  of  a  text  culture.  One  result  of 
this  development  was  that  the  cultural 
universe  of  ancient  Israel  became 
increasingly  a  universe  of  textual  discourse. 
To  be  sure,  this  development  expanded 
exponentially  with  the  processes  that  led  to 
the  closing  and  canonization  of  Scripture, 
beginning  around  200  B.C.E.  For  with  this 
latter  development  the  old  religion  of 
ancient  Israel  was  transformed  into 
Judaism,  a  Scriptural  religion  par 
excellence;  and  the  phenomenon  of  lay 
teachers  and  complex  exegetical 
techniques  proliferated  and  became  the  key 
mediating  point  between  the  divine  world 
and  the  human  realm. 

Moreover,  m  direct  continuation  of  Ezra's 
"inquiry"  into  Scnpture,  we  see  that  with 


the  closing  of  the  canon,  the  Scriptural  text 
was  often  treated  in  rabbinic  texts  as  a 
dream  or  omen  which  exegesis  had  to 
decode  (remarkably,  the  early  rabbis 
borrowed  many  exegetical  terms  from  the 
world  of  Greek  dream  and  omen 
interpretation  and  often  related  the 
interpretation  of  Scripture  to  the 
interpretation  of  dreams).  Scripture  was 
now  an  oraculum,  a  sourse  of  ever  new 
teachings  dependent  upon  exegesis.  At  the 
same  time,  it  is  important  to  note  that  with 
the  closing  of  Scripture  the  commentaries 
based  on  Scripture  were  no  longer 
incorporated  within  the  Scriptural  text,  and 
they  were  no  longer  authorized  simply  by 
presenting  them  as  divine  words.  Now 
commentary  became  an  independent  genre 
m  its  own  right,  one  that  was  soon  dignified 
in  ancient  Judaism  with  divine  significance 
and  even  Sinatic  origins. 

In  the  hght  of  all  this,  we  may  close  with  a 
final  paradox.  At  the  outset  we  referred  to 
the  Bible  as  a  fundamental  foundation 
document  of  our  culture,  having  served  as 
the  bedrock  of  Judaism,  Christianity  and 
Islam,  as  well  as  the  basis  for  their  many 
splinter  movements.  But  now,  at  the  end, 
we  may  observe  that  the  very  Scripture 
which  fostered  and  founded  our  exegetical 
culture  is  itself  an  exegetical  text  of 
paramount  interest,  one  truly  at  the  origins 
of  our  zitathaftes  Leben — our  exegetical 
existence.  ■ 


Read  this  book  and  you'll 
understand  why  Israel  is 
so  important  to  the  Jews. 


Using  previously  unreleased 
documents,  the  shocking, 
heroic  story  of  the  Holo- 
caust survivors  is  told  with 
rare  sensitivity  and  accu- 
racy by  one  of  our  most 
distinguished  fiistorians. 

"Destined  to  become 
a  classic." 
— David  Schoenbrun 
"Stimulating,  inform- 
ative,   meaningfuL.. 
You    must   read   this 
very  important  book." 
— Elie  Wiesel 

At  hmikslore'i  or  direct  Irom 
ST  MARIIN'SMARbK, 
175  Fifth  Avenue.  New  Ynrk, 
NY  lOOlOi  Mailorders: 
please  enclose  $1-50  per 
book  for  postage  and 
handling.  Send  orders 
Attn:  PY) 


-The TT- 

^mptiorL 
of  the     J 
inLwanteci 


FROM  THE  LIBERATION  OF  THE  DEATH  CAMPS 
"*"  TO  THE  FOUNDING  OF  ISRAEL 


Brandeis  Looks  Ahead 


New  Sports  Complex 


V 


The  university  is  planning  to 
build  an  eight-million-dollar 
sports-complex  and  major 
renovation  of  Shapiro 
Gymnasium  and  Linsey 
Athletic  Centers,  according  to 
President  Evelyn  E.  Handler. 

The  Shapiro  family, 
instrumental  in  building  the 
original  Shapiro  Gymnasium, 
has  provided  an  initial  gift  of 
$500,000  to  renovate  that 
facihty.  Groundbreaking  for  the 
new  sports  complex  is 
tentatively  projected  for  Spring, 
1985, 

The  new  building  will  be 
adjacent  to  the  current  one,  to 
which  it  may  be  connected. 


Among  facilities  being 
discussed  are  an  indoor  track,  a 
full-size  intercollegiate 
basketball  court  with  bleacher 
seating  for  at  least  2500.  Other 
fatilities  include  tennis, 
basketball  and  volleyball  courts 
in  the  track  inheld  and  several 
multi-purpose  rooms  capable  of 
use  for  fencing,  weight  lifting, 
gymnastics  and  physical 
education  courses.  The  sports 
complex  may  also  be  used  for 
convocation  and 
commencement. 

President  Handler  appointed  a 
committee  to  dehne  what  sports 
programs  are  needed  at  Brandeis. 
The  committee  is  looking  into 
the  following  areas: 


intercollegiate  and  intramural 

activities,  physical  education 
curricular  needs,  recreational 
activities,  other  potential  uses 
such  as  commencement,  and  site 
and  structure  considerations. 
The  group,  chaired  by  Shelley 
Kaplan,  assistant  to  the  vice 
president  for  administrative 
affairs,  will  transmit  its 
recommendations  to  an 
architect. 

George  Oommen,  special 
assistant  to  the  vice  president  for 
administration  at  Harvard 
University,  will  serve  as  a 
special  consultant  on  the 
project.  Oommen  has  been 
project  manager  of  construction 
and  renovation  of  Harvard's 


sports  facilities  since  1975  and 
serves  as  a  consultant  to  the 
United  States  Olympic 
Committee. 

Upgrading  of  current  sports 
facilities  has  been  recognized  as 
a  long-standing  need.  The 
Shapiro  and  Linsey  Athletic 
Centers  were  built  in  1952  and 
1967  respectively,  and  designed 
for  a  campus  population  one 
third  the  current  size.  Neither 
complex  has  had  extensive 
renovation  since  its 
construction.  ■ 


The  Libraries 


Within  three  years,  Brandeis 
faculty  and  students  will  be  able 
to  connect  to  the  library's 
catalog  from  computer 
terminals  located  in  private 
offices,  homes  or  dormitories, 
according  to  Bessie  Hahn, 
director  of  library  services. 

This  technological  addition  will 
be  an  extension  of  an 
automation  process  begun  in 
1978  when  the  university  library 
joined  a  cataloguing  network 
that  allows  members  to  share 
cataloguing  records  with  each 
other. 

Since  then  several  other  library 
functions  have  been  automated. 
For  example,  each  journal  is 
entered  into  a  system  that  not 
only  keeps  track  of  the 
enormous  numbers  of  journals 
arriving  daily,  but  also  provides 
immediate  access  to  journal 
records  in  many  area  libraries, 
such  as  those  at  Boston 
University  and  M.I.T.  libraries. 


The  library  also  has 
computerized  information 
retrieval  services  which  allow  a 
person  searching  for  articles  and 
books  on  a  particular  topic  to 
retrieve  these  sources  in  a 
fraction  of  the  time  that 
previously  was  required. 

Faculty  and  students  returning 
to  the  campus  next  fall  will  be 
greeted  with  yet  another  change. 
Plans  for  an  automated 
circulation  reserve  catalog 
system  have  been  completed, 
according  to  Hahn,  and  the 
months  ahead  will  be  devoted  to 
installation  and  testing.  The 
circulation  component  will  be 
implemented  next  fall  when  the 
library'  plans  to  close  its  manual 
card  catalog. 

Looking  further  into  the  future, 
Hahn  sees  maior  developments 
and  changes  in  Hebrew 
cataloguing,  document  delivery 
and  preservation  and 
information  storage. 


One  of  the  great  strengths  of  the 
Brandeis  library  lies  in  its 
ludaica  collection  which 
includes  many  Hebrew  and 
Yiddish  titles.  Although 
experimentation  with  Hebrew 
language  and  cataloguing 
computerization  is  being 
conducted  on  both  sides  of  the 
Atlantic,  no  single  system  is 
seen  as  promising  enough  for 
wide  adoption  by  libraries. 
However,  Hahn  says  that  it  is 
only  a  matter  of  time  before  a 
national  network  of  Judaica 
libraries  will  come  into  effect. 

Another  radical  change  in  the 
offing  is  the  nature  of  library 
acquisitions  and  document 
delivery.  Recent  improvements 
in  telefacsimile  equipment,  plus 
increasing  interest  in  electronic 
publishing  will  change  the 
nature  of  the  book  trade. 
Extensive  items  such  as 
multi-volumed  reference  works 
and  scientific  journals  may 
become  available  in  electronic 


format  and  paper  copies 
published  on  demand  only.  Also, 
in  many  instances,  it  will  not  be 
necessary  for  libraries  to 
purchase  works  available 
through  telefacsimile. 
Consequently,  says  Hahn,  the 
rate  of  growth  for  library 
collections  will  be  slower. 

As  more  information  is  stored 
on  devices  such  as  optical  disks, 
demands  on  space  will  also 
decrease.  As  changes  in 
publishing,  storage  and  retrieval 
take  place,  libraries  will  need  to 
adapt  to  the  evergrowing 
computerization,  and  according 
to  Bessie  Hahn,  Brandeis  does 
not  intend  to  be  left  behind.  ■ 


Hiatt  Career  Development  Program 


Preparation  tor  lite  atter  college, 
and  concerns  about  career 
choices  are  among  the  central 
issues  confronting  students 
today.  Responding  to  this 
concern,  Brandeis  is  planning  an 
ambitious  program  designed  to 
link  the  liberal  arts  experience 
and  the  world  of  work. 

The  program,  tentatively  called 
the  Hiatt  Career  Development 
Program,  will  be  implemented 
in  stages  beginning  next  spring, 
with  the  full  scale  program 
expected  to  be  launched  by  next 
fall. 

The  overall  goal  of  the  Hiatt 
program  is  to  provide  academic 
options,  experiential  learning 


opportunities  and  support  resume  writing  and 

services  that  will  bridge  the  interviewing  with  brief  versions 

formal  academic  experience  and  of  these  programs  available  on 
professional  and  career  options,    video  cassette. 


The  Hiatt  Career  Development 
Program  will  include  several 
components,  starting  with  the 
Career  Development  Center 
which  will  contain  state-of- 
the-art  equipment  and 
information  concerning  work 
and  graduate  or  professional 
school.  The  center  will  be 
furnished  with  computer- 
assisted  guidance  capability  as 
well  as  video  equipment  to  aid 
students  in  developing 
interview  techniques.  The  staff 
will  continue  to  provide 
workshops  on  job  search, 


Students  participating  in  the 
"career  curriculum"  must  take 
selected  academic  courses 
including  a  series  of  non-credit 
seminars  taught  by  experienced 
practitioners  offering 
orientation  and  skill-building  in 
a  particular  field.  Students  must 
also  fulfill  an  internship. 

Although  approved  in  substance, 
details  of  the  program  are  under 
discussion  by  faculty,  staff, 
students  and  members  of  the 
career  planning  staff. 


This  ambitious  career  program, 
to  be  underwritten  by  Trustee 
lacob  Hiatt,  a  longtime 
supporter  of  Brandeis,  is 
expected  to  serve  as  a  model  for 
other  American  colleges,  just  as 
the  former  Hiatt  Program  in 
Jerusalem  served  as  a  model  for 
Israeli  and  American 
universities. 

Funds  for  the  new  career 
program  will  come  from  the 
Jacob  Hiatt  Institute  in  Israel 
which  will  close  by  the  end  of 
the  year.  The  closing  is 
prompted  by  the  fact  that  the 
once  original  and  highly  pt)pular 
institute  is  no  longer  necessary 
since  universities  within  Israel 
are  offering  similar  programs.  ■ 


Heller  Schoo 


The  Heller  Graduate  School, 
which  recently  installed  a  $1 
million  endowed  chair  in 
national  health  pohcy,  and  new 
programs  in  health  care  and 
unemployment,  is  embarking 
on  two  new  international 
programs  of  major  significance. 

In  the  works  are  programs  that 
will  bring  scholars  from  Heller 
to  China  and  the  Middle  East,  to 
share  their  expertise  on 
unemployment  and  other  social 
problems. 

At  the  invitation  of  top  Chinese 
officials,  a  Brandeis  sponsored 
exchange  program  of  executive 
education  for  civil  servants  and 
academics  working  in  human 
resources  and  income  security  is 
expected  to  begin  next  summer. 

"China  has  a  vast 
unemployment  problem  and  an 
even  more  vast  under- 
employment problem,"  said 
Heller's  Leonard  J.  Hausman. 


"Their  numbers  suggest  about 
one-third  of  the  labor  force  is 
under-employed,  and  it  takes 
five  people  to  do  the  work  of 
three." 

Meanwhile,  the  recently  created 
Center  for  Social  Policy  m  the 
Middle  East,  focusing  initially 
on  Israel  and  Egypt  but  with 
possibilities  for  expansion,  will 
be  conducting  research  and 
education  proiects  dealing  with 
the  region's  health,  welfare  and 
unemployment  problems. 

Brandeis  will  be  coordinating 
the  work.  Joseph  A.  Califano, 
the  former  secretary  of  health, 
education  and  welfare,  is 
chairman  of  the  program's 
international  board  of  advisers, 
and  former  Secretary  of  State 
Alexander  Haig  is  a  member  of 
the  executive  committee. 

"At  the  doctorate  level,"  said 
Heller  School  Dean  Stuart  H. 
Altman,  "a  major  new  focus  is 


the  increased  interest  in  Heller 
by  nurses  with  a  master's  degree 
who  want  to  become  involved  in 
health  policy  research  and  the 
problems  of  long-term  health 
care." 

A  new  doctorate  program  to 
train  scholars  who  can  guide 
industry  and  government  in 
containing  health  care  costs  was 
begun  this  fall,  funded  by  a  joint 
$3  million  grant  from  the  Pew 
Memorial  Trust  to  Brandeis  and 
Boston  Universities. 

In  the  master's  program.  Heller's 
focus  is  broadening  to 
encompass  the  entire  social 
protection  system,  private  as 
well  as  public. 

Courses  on  managing 
employees  benefits,  which  are 
estimated  to  represent  about 
one-third  of  total  payroll  costs 
nationally,  have  recently  been 
included  in  the  master's 
curriculum,  and  a  specialization 


in  benefits  is  expected  to  be 
available  next  year. 

Focusing  elsewhere  on  the 
income  scale.  Heller's  Center  for 
Human  Resources,  headed  by 
Erik  Butler,  has  begun  working 
with  nine  cities  across  the 
country  to  help  them  improve 
opportunities  for  unemployed 
youth.  The  program  is  funded  by 
a  grant  from  the  Aetna  Life  and 
Casualty  Foundation  and  will 
support  community  efforts  to 
coordinate  services  to 
disadvantaged  young  people. 

While  the  school  looks  ahead  to 
an  expanded  role  in  several 
areas,  it  also  has  been  accruing 
honors  for  past  efforts. 

Two  Heller  scholars.  Professors 
James  H.  Schulz  and  Robert  H. 
Binstock,  won  awards  this  fall 
from  The  Gerontological 
Society  of  America,  for  their 
work  in  the  field  of  aging.  ■ 


Four-Million-Dollar  Gift  to  Computer  Sciences 


One  of  the  largest  private  gifts  in 
Brandeis'  history  has  been 
awarded  to  the  University's 
computer  science  department 
from  the  estate  of  former  Fellow 
Benjamin  F.  Michtom. 

The  gift  of  over  $4  million 
dollars  will  provide  for  a 
Michtom  chair  in  computer 
science,  the  purchase  of  new 
equipment  and  will  enable  the 
computer  science  division  "to 
double  Its  computing  capability 
and  aggressively  pursue  some  of 
the  finest  scientists  in  the 
country,"  according  to  Jacques 
Cohen,  chairman  of  that 
department. 

"Many  people  have  spoken 
about  the  computer's  potential 
for  improving  our  lives,"  said 
Mark  Michtom,  the  donor's  son. 


"But  I  believe  this  potential 
must  be  harnessed  in  the 
humanistic  environment  of  our 
leading  liberal  arts  universities. " 

•The  gift  will  also  foster 
interdisciplinary  links  with 
mathematics  and  physics 
departments  as  well  as  the 
newly  created  cognitive  science 
program  and  will  allow  Brandeis 
to  accommodate  an  increase  in 
students  seeking  to  major  in 
computer  science. 

The  gift,  the  fourth  largest  in 
Brandeis' history,  also  honors 
Beniamin  Michtom's  widow, 
Hadassah. 

Benjamin  F.  Michtom,  a 
longtime  Brandeis  Fellow  and 
President's  Councilor,  was  a 
leader  in  the  toy  industry.  He 


was  co-chairman  emeritus  of  the 
Ideal  Toy  Corporation  at  the 
time  of  his  death  in  1980. 
Michtom  had  been  associated 
with  Ideal  since  1923  and  served 
as  its  executive  vice  president 
and  chairman  of  the  board.  He 
also  served  as  executive  vice 
president  and  chairman  of  Ideal 
Plastics  Corporation  and 
chairman  of  Kimaro  Trucking 
Company.  He  was  on  the  board 
of  directors  of  the  American 
O.R.T.  Federation  and  the 
American  Jewish  Committee. 

Founding  President  Abram  L. 
Sachar,  who  was  instrumental 
m  negotiating  the  gift,  said  Mr. 
Michtom  originally  was 
interested  in  providing  funds  to 
establish  a  School  of  Business 
Administration  at  Brandeis,  but 
judging  that  idea  impractical  at 


the  time,  he  arranged  for  the 
bequest  to  go  to  the  Computer 
Science  Department. 

"The  Michtom  gift,"  Dr.  Sachar 
said,  "validates  again  that  the 
University's  greatest  strength  is 
the  affection  and  concern  of 
families  such  as  the 
Michtoms."B 


Rose  Art  Museum  Commissions  Video  Art 


For  over  two  decades,  the  Rose 
Art  Museum  has  been  devoted 
to  recognizing  talented  new 
artists  whose  work  challenges 
the  frontiers  of  modern  art.  This 
commitment  to  discovering  and 
celebrating  new  forces  and 
directions  in  art  is  evidenced  by 
the  Museum's  permanent 
collection,  a  collection  widely 
regarded  as  the  most 
comprehensive  and  important 
gathering  of  contemporary 
American  art  in  New  England. 


Next  year,  the  Museum  again 
will  explore  the  boundaries  of 
art.  With  a  $26,000  grant  from 
the  Massachusetts  Council  on 
the  Arts  and  Humanities  "New 
Works"  program,  the  Rose  will 
commission  internationally 
renowned  composer,  artist,  and 
performer  Nam  June  Park  to 
create  a  video  artwork  that  will 
be  installed  next  September. 

This  IS  not,  however,  the  first 
association  between  the 


Museum  and  the  Korean-born 
artist.  The  Rose  was  the  first 
museum  in  the  world  to 
formally  recognize  Paik's 
potential  in  the  new  artform.  In 
1970,  the  Museum  hosted  a 
history-making  exhibition  of 
Paik's  work  when  both  the  artist 
and  the  art  were  virtually 
unknown. 

Now  regarded  as  "the 
grandfather  of  video  art,"  Paik  is 
universally  acknowledged  as 


one  of  the  most  important  video 
artists  working  today.  Last  year 
the  Whitney  Museum  in  New 
York  hosted  a  detailed 
retrospective  of  his  work,  and, 
earlier  this  year,  the  Pompidou 
Center  in  Paris  commissioned 
Paik  to  create  a  major  work  for 
Its  permanent  collection.  ■ 


Remembrance  of  Times 
to  Come 

Continued  from  page  23 


39  When  fission  was  demonstrated,  Einstein 
said  that  tor  the  first  time  mankind  was  not 
dependent  on  the  sun.  This  may  be  almost 
true,  metaphorically.  We  are  dependent  on 
the  sun,  and  it  would  be  wise  to  be  more 
dependent  on  it.  Apart  from  new 
technologies,  it  may  be  surprising  in  this 
era  to  mention  seriously  the  oldest  of  fuels 
and  building  materials,  wood.  Vast  areas  of 
the  world  have  been  deforested,  and  we  are 
largely  the  worse  for  it.  Reforestation  can  be 
economically  sound  and  very  important. 
Beyond  the  direct  use  for  fuel  and  building 
material  this  biomass  can  be  converted  to 
valuable  chemicals  and,  with 
microorganisms,  to  protein  food  supplies.  If 
the  humor  is  not  too  black,  trees  would 
assure  the  necessary  weapons  for  World 
War  IV. 

In  addition  to  the  mirage  of  cheap  nuclear 
energy,  there  was  that  of  the  "bigger  bang 
for  the  buck,"  atom  bombs  for  war-making 
on  the  cheap.  But  if  there  is  no  limit  to  the 
size  of  the  bang,  or  the  number,  there  is  no 
limit  to  the  dollars  to  be  spent.  Further, 
atom  bombs  are  not  weapons  since  there 
are  no  ends  to  be  achieved  with  them 
commensurate  with  the  destruction  they 
would  cause. 

This  brings  us  to  a  statement  that  I  have 
made  previously  about  the  future;  it  was  in 
a  note  to  The  New  York  Times  on 
November  9,  198 1,  when  there  was  much 
discussion  about  developing  the  neutron 
bomb  as  an  artillery  weapon  that  would  be 
preferable  to  other  atomic  bombs  because  it 
would  only  kill  people.  I  wrote:  "After 
much  consideration,  I  believe  the  following 
conclusion  about  the  use  of  nuclear 
weapons — fusion,  fission,  neutron — in  war, 
is  correct.  'There  is  no  future  in  it'." 

We  are  told  they  are  a  deterrent.  Is  there 
enough  of  deterrent?  One  U.S.  Trident 
submarine  off  the  coast  of  Norway  carries 
24  missiles,  each  missile  carries  10 
warheads,  240  warheads  m  all,  each  about 
one  megaton,  a  million  tons  of  TNT.  How 
many  targets  worthy  of  this  attention  are 
there  in  the  U.S.S.R.?  And  this  is  only  one 
Trident  submarine.  The  Russians  are  fully 
aware  that  it  and  others  are  out  there,  very 
difficult,  virtually  impossible,  to  find  and 
destroy. 

Harold  Brown,  physicist  and  former 
Secretary  of  Defense,  has  coolly  written 
"The  destruction  of  more  than  100  million 
people  in  each  of  the  United  States,  the 
Soviet  Union  and  the  European  nations 
could  take  place  during  the  first  half  hour  of 
a  nuclear  war."  A  presidential  directive  and 
the  present  Secretary  of  Defense  indicate 


that  it  may  not  be  all  that  bad.  We  can  use 
tactical  nuclear  weapons,  they  imply,  and 
have  an  orderly  prolonged  nuclear  war. 
Many,  including  President  Eisenhower's 
science  adviser,  have  written  that  there  is 
no  way  that  use  of  tactical  nuclear  weapons 
will  not  escalate  to  final  disaster. 

Bernard  }.  O'Keefe,  no  dupe  of  the 
communists,  president  of  E.  G.  and  G.,  was 
involved  in  his  youth  in  the  assembly  of  the 
bombs  that  effaced  Hiroshima  and 
Nagasaki.  His  company  has  manufactured 
firing  systems  for  nuclear  bombs  and 
managed  test  programs.  War  with  nuclear 
weapons  is  nonsense,  he  says,  and  tactical 
nuclear  weapons  can  safely  be  phased  out 
unilaterally;  the  concept  of  nuclear 
superiority  is  meaningless  and  there  is  no 
point  in  continuing  the  East-West  arms 
race.  Robert  McNamara,  former  Secretary 
of  Defense,  writes  that  nuclear  weapons 
serve  no  military  purpose,  and  their 
deterrent  value  is  rapidly  diminishing. 

Yet  the  atom  bomb  laboratories  and 
production  plants  hum  along.  We  are 
beguiled  by  our  inventiveness  and 
technological  skills.  We  are  reluctant  to 
forego  advances  in  arms  because  of  the 
chimaera  of  the  supreme  offensive  weapon, 
the  perfect  defensive  weapon.  We  forget 
that  our  advanced  technology  has  made  us 
the  most  technologically  integrated,  and 
thus  interdependent,  delicate  society, 
sensitive  to  breakdowns.  Our  country, 
alone,  has  not  experienced  in  living 
memory,  at  first  hand,  the  destruction  of 
war — now  grown  horrendous.  It  sometimes 
appears  that  our  leaders  confuse  gnm,  mad, 
disastrous  reaUty  with  cinema  effects. 

Glen  Seaborg,  Nobel  Laureate  in 
chemistry,  former  Chairman  of  the  Atomic 
Energy  Commission,  after  a  lifetime  in 
nuclear  weaponry  has  an  eloquently  cogent 
argument  for  a  Comprehensive  Test  Ban 
Treaty,  and  I  urge  scientist  and  non 
scientist  alike  to  study  it.  A  comprehensive 
test  ban  would  help  reverse  the  arms  race. 
The  U.S.  and  the  U.S.S.R.  have  pledged  in 
the  past  to  negotiate  such  a  treaty,  which  is 
now  essential  to  prevent  prohferation.  The 
terms  of  the  treaty  would  be  simple,  no 
more  nuclear  explosions,  monitored  by 
automatic  seismic  detection  stations.  With 
such  a  treaty  in  effect,  the  drive  to 
quahtative  improvement  would  slow  and 
stop,  and  give  time  for  the  complex 
negotiations  of  freeze  and  reduction.  One 
percent  of  the  weapons  we  now  have  could 
serve  as  a  deterrent. 

The  temptation  to  get  ahead  of  the  enemy  is 
a  snare.  Ten  years  ago  we  would  not  forego 


the  MIRV,  many  warheads  in  one  missile, 
more  bang  for  the  buck  again,  because  we 
thought  we  were  ahead.  Now  both  sides 
have  it,  and  each  is  more  vulnerable, 
because  the  other  has  a  more  dangerous 
weapon,  and  the  weapon  itself  is  more 
vulnerable.  Now  the  Scowcroft 
commission  calls  for  phasing  out  MIRVS 
and  going  back  to  the  status  quo  ante,  one 
missile,  one  bomb.  We  should  forego  the 
temptation  of  "improvements",  and  the 
Complete  Test  Ban  is  the  simplest  means 
toward  this. 

There  are  now  two  superpowers,  quite 
different  in  their  origins,  political  and 
economic  systems,  and  the  relation  of  the 
individual  to  the  state.  Tragically,  both 
have  the  power  to  blow  up  the  world.  The 
difference  between  the  two  systems  derives 
organically  from  their  origins  and  the  two 
exist,  massive  and  menacing.  It  is  unwise  to 
describe  them  in  terms  of  good  and  evil,  and 
impossible  for  one  to  change  the  other  by 
physical  force,  in  this  era.  The  governments 
must  understand  their  own  and  the  others' 
origins  and  fears,  the  nature  of  the  possible 
relations  between  nations,  and  the  dangers 
of  modern  warfare,  and  of  nuclear  disaster. 
The  people  who  influence  or  are  led  by  their 
governments  should  also  have  this 
understanding.  This  is  complex  and  may 
require  a  fair  level  of  education  and 
information,  certainly  among  the  leaders 
and,  one  hopes,  among  the  people. 

This  bnngs  us  at  last  to  problems  and 
possibility  of  education,  and  I  should  like  to 
comment  briefly  on  college  and  graduate 
education.  Great  benefits  and  problems 
arise  from  applications  of  science. 
Solutions  will  require  political  wisdom.  I 
would  be  the  last  to  gainsay  the  importance 
of  literature,  the  arts  and  the  social 
sciences.  But  not  to  have  an  elementary 
awareness  of  what  scientists  have  learned 
in  the  past  few  hundred  years  is  to  be 
Ignorant  of  the  greatest  rational 
achievements  of  mankind  and  of  the 
attendant  perceptions  of  order,  beauty, 
complexity,  opportunity  and  danger  in 
nature,  and  to  be  unprepared  to  participate 
intelligently  in  the  political  and  economic 
decisions  that  are  being  made  by  our 
government.  I  would  recommend  that 
graduate  schools  of  law  and  administration, 
which  educate  leaders  of  government  and 
industry,  require  greater  undergraduate 
study  of  science  of  their  apphcants.  If 
properly  trained  and  sensitized  to  the 
complexity  of  search,  research  and 
solutions,  our  leaders  might  become 
rationally  skeptical  about  ultimate 
weapons  and  perfect  defense.  ■ 


Designs  For  A  New 
Campus: 


Almost 
Brandeis 


By  Gerald  S.  Bernstein 
Associate  Professor  of  Fine  Arts 


Thirty-five  years  ago,  a  hill  merely  ten  I 

miles  west  of  Boston  was  the  Virgm  Land, 
to  a  group  of  enterprising  dreamers. 

On  its  original  100  acres,  one  found  a 
replica  of  a  medieval  castle  along  with  a  few 
undistinguished  buildings — remnants  of  a 
veterinary'medical  college  that  had  come 
upon  hard  times. 

Who  could  have  envisioned  then  that 
within  four  decades  that  isolated  tract  of 
rolling  land,  dotted  with  outcroppmgs  of 
geological  rock  ledges,  would  be  the  site  for 
a  major  university.  That  withm  that  short 
span  of  time,  the  hill  would  be  populated  by 
over  90  buildings  that  taken  as  a  whole 
serve  as  a  virtual  textbook  of  modern 
architecture. 

Some  of  the  most  influential  architects  and 
architectural  hrms  of  the  post  World  War  II 
era,  have  left  their  stamp  on  the  Brandeis 
campus.  Saarinen,  the  Bauhaus  or 
International  Style,  venerable  names  m  the 
history  of  architecture,  are  associated  with 
the  campus,  as  are  such  distinguished 
architectural  firms  as  Harnson  and 
Abramovitz,  Hugh  Stubbms  and 
Associates,  Benjamin  Thompson  and 
Associates,  and  the  Architectural 
Collaborative,  founded  by  another  giant  of 
modern  architecture:  Walter  Gropius. 

It  was  Saarinen's  decision  to  retain  that 
quirky  building  known  as  the  Castle, 
which  has  become  through  the  years  the 
architectural  symbol  of  Brandeis.  Located 
on  one  of  the  high  points  of  the  campus 
looking  toward  Boston,  the  Castle  is  a 
remnant  of  the  fanciful  imagination  of  Dr. 
John  Hall  Smith,  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Middlesex  School.  This  fantasy-like 
structure  is  a  conglomeration  of  towers  and 
turrets  whose  pseudo-medieval  appearance 
of  rustic  stone  was  meant  to  associate  Dr. 
Smith's  school  with  the  great  Enghsh 
medieval  institutions  of  learning  such  as 
Oxford  and  Cambridge. 

Of  course,  the  result  was  more  fantasy  than 
archaeology,  but  the  whimsical  design  of 
the  Castle  has  over  the  years  added  a  sense 
of  nostalgia  to  the  campus. 

The  building  of  the  Castle  took  place 
dunng  the  depression  years  of  the  '30s  and 
much  of  the  construction  reflects  the 
tightness  of  funds  as  much  as  an 
imaginative  flair.  Combining  local  field 
stone  with  concrete  construction.  Smith 
included  second-hand  windows  taken  from 
demolished  industrial  buildings  to  save  on 
costs. 


...  '^'^ 


1  An  aerial  view  of  a  majoi  portion  of  the 
original  150-acre  campus  and  the 
countryside. 

2  The  proposed  quadrangle  around  which 
are  located  the  University  library,  the 
Brandeis  Union,  the  Science  building,  the 
Humanities  and  Social  Science  building, 
the  Theater,  the  Art  and  Music  studios  and 
auditorium. 


3  Groupings  of  small  units  in  an  inegulai 
quadrangle  were  meant  to  be  residence 
halls. 

4  The  architects  proposed  a  Creative  Arts 
Center  that  would  link  classrooms, 
studios  and  theater  to  their  novel  design  for 
an  auditorium. 


In  1950  Dr.  Abram  Sachar  decided  that  a 
Master  Plan  was  an  important  priority  for 
the  new  university.  The  choice  of  Eero 
Saannen,  an  internationally  recognized 
proponent  of  modern  architecture,  set  an 
important  precedent  for  the  development 
of  the  school.  Although  Saarinen's 
involvement  with  Brandeis  was  brief,  he 
left  an  indelible  imprint  on  the  growth  of 
the  campus. 

Saarinen,  along  with  his  father  Eliel,  had 
wide  experience  designing  campus 
buildings.  The  celebrated  Saarinen  style 
was  a  combination  of  "form  follows 
function"  theories  based  on  a  strong 
emphasis  on  rectilinear  buildings  of  brick 
and  glass.  It  is  a  style  clearly  evident 
throughout  the  campus. 

Calling  Saarinen  a  second  generation 
Bauhaus  architect  was  a  correct 
observation  for  at  Brandeis  he  followed  the 
architectural  direction  that  first  emerged 
from  pre-war  Germany.  Known  as  the 
Bauhaus  theory  of  architecture,  and  later  as 
the  International  Style,  its  doctrine  was 
based  on  the  assertion  that  the  function  of 
any  object  is  reflected  in  its  design. 

The  Saarinen  plan  for  Brandeis  envisioned  a 
series  of  academic  buildings  forming 
quadrangles  at  the  center  of  the  campus 
with  residential  units  at  the  periphery.  The 
concept  of  right  angle  orientation  is 
strikingly  similar  to  Mies  van  der  Robe's 
(the  second  director  of  the  Bauhaus  School) 
earher  design  for  the  campus  of  the  Illinois 
Institute  of  Technology,  especially  in  its 
grid-like  articulation. 


An  early  Saarinen  perspective  of  the 
campus  indicates  the  academic  buildings 
located  around  open  plazas  with  a  tall 
campanile  rising  at  the  center.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  that  the  rendering  seems 
to  pay  little  attention  to  the  existing  hilly 
terrain  of  the  Waltham  site,  with  only 
minimal  indication  of  the  dramatic  stone 
outcroppings  that  dot  the  campus. 

Although  Saarinen's  plan  eliminated  most 
of  the  existing  Middlesex  buildings,  the 
significant  exception  was  the  retention  of 
the  Castle.  For  all  of  the  architect's  strong 
commitment  to  the  tenets  of  modernism, 
he  was  fascinated  by  the  picturesque 
quality  of  the  stone  structure.  He 
characterized  the  architectural  style  of  the 
Castle  as  a  kind  of  "Mexican  Ivanhoe."  But 
the  decision  to  save  it  has  had  even  greater 
ramifications  than  the  building  itself.  For 
the  style  of  the  Castle  has  exerted  a  strong 
influence  on  many  of  the  subsequent 
architects  who  came  to  work  at  Brandeis. 


In  a  brochure  entitled  "A  Foundation  For 
Learning,"  published  in  1950,  a  series  of 
Saarinen's  renderings  depicted  various  new 
facilities,  including  a  science  center  of 
box-like  structures  with  four-story  glass 
facades.  Besides  quadrangles  for  the  arts, 
the  humanities  and  social  sciences, 
Saarinen  also  proposed  a  student  center, 
museum  and  library.  All  were  projected  in  a 
crisp  geometry  of  rectilinear  forms  with  a 
large  glass  area.  The  only  exception  to  the 
use  of  right  angle  construction  was  the  plan 
for  a  circular  auditorium  located  at  the 
center  of  the  main  quadrangle.  The  plan 
also  indicates  an  irregularly  shaped 
structure  set  in  the  woods  to  serve  as  the 
college  chapel. 

Saarinen's  proposal  for  the  grouping  of 
dormitory  buildings  at  the  periphery  of  the 
academic  areas  has  survived  to  this  day. 
Although  recent  research  suggests  that  the 
design  for  the  Ridgewood  quad  may 
pre-date  Saarinen's  involvement  at 


42 


Brandeis,  the  general  characteristics  of 
these  two-story  brick  structures  are 
strongly  related  to  the  concepts  of  the 
International  Style.  The  buildings, 
completed  in  1950,  were  financed  with 
Federal  Housing  funds.  Because  of  early 
doubts  concerning  Brandeis'  survival,  one 
of  the  requirements  of  the  government  loan 
was  the  ability  to  convert  the  new 
dormitories  to  conventional  apartments  in 
the  event  of  the  new  university's  failure  as 
an  academic  institution. 

Saarinen's  hand  is  clearly  visible  on  another 
dormitory  complex  built  in  the  early  fifties. 
The  Massell  quad,  formerly  known  as 
Hamilton,  was  indicated  on  the  Saarinen 
Master  Plan  as  a  grouping  of  box-hke 
buildings.  The  original  site  placed  them  at 
the  edge  of  the  campus,  but  the  subsequent 
development  of  the  creative  arts  complex 
has  spread  beyond  them.  Although  all  the 
buildings  of  the  quad  are  similar  in  their  use 
of  brick  facades  with  windows  set  in  thin 


metal  frames,  only  Sherman  Student 
Center  and  the  Shapiro  dormitory, 
completed  in  1952,  were  built  under 
Saarinen's  supervision.  The  remaining 
buildings  that  surround  the  old  Middlesex 
ice  pond  were  completed  a  few  years  later 
by  local  architects  working  from  Saarinen's 
designs. 

Over  the  years  certain  changes  have  been 
made  in  some  of  Saarinen's  original 
buildings.  The  facade  of  Sherman  facing  the 
pond  was  once  a  prime  example  of  the 
International  Style's  glass-walled  facade, 
but  recent  additions  tmd  energy  conserving 
measures  have  altered  the  overall  effect  of 
the  building. 

Another  of  Saarinen's  designs  has  met  an 
even  sadder  fate.  The  addition  to  the  old 
Middlesex  stables,  which  had  served  the 
new  university  first  as  a  library  and  later  as 
a  bookstore  and  mailroom,  was  destroyed 
in  the  early  '70s  to  make  room  for  the 
Feldberg  Computer  Center.  One  surviving 
structure  of  the  early  '50s  building 
campaign  was  the  Shapiro  Gym  across 
South  Street  from  the  main  campus.  It  was 
designed  by  a  Boston  architect,  but  its  brick 
and  glass  appearance  connects  it  with  the 
overall  effect  of  Saarinen's  campus  style. 

In  contrast  to  the  rectihnear  grid-like  form 
of  most  of  Saarinen's  projected  designs  was 
his  conception  for  the  Brandeis  chapel.  He 
envisioned  a  single  non-denominational 
building  with  undulating  walls  in  which 
light  entered  from  a  skyhght  above. 
Although  the  University  authorities  were 
pleased  with  the  aesthetic  appearance  of 
the  structure,  they  felt  that  a  so-called 
inter-faith  chapel  was  not  appropriate  for 
Brandeis  and  the  concept  was  rejected.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  that  a  chapel  of 
strikingly  similar  form  was  built  just  four 
years  later  on  the  campus  of  M.I.T.  and 
designed  by  Eero  Saarinen. 


The  original  Master  Plan  had  been 
conceived  as  a  tentative  sketch  for  the 
future.  The  intention  had  never  been  to 
execute  it  in  totality  or  even  to  limit  the 
commissions  to  one  architectural  office.  As 
early  as  1952  the  firm  of  Harrison  and 
Abramovitz  was  already  building  the 
Ullman  Amphitheatre  in  accordance  with 
its  location  on  the  Saarinen  plan. 

By  1953,  Harrison  and  Abramovitz  had 
succeeded  Saarinen  and  Associates  and 
produced  a  new  Master  Plan  for  Brandeis 
University.  Max  Abramovitz  took 
responsibility  for  the  growth  and 
development  of  the  campus,  particularly  in 
regard  to  the  placement  of  buildings  and  the 
choice  of  materials  of  construction.  The 
new  master  planners  were  also  responsible 
for  the  selection  and  approval  of  other 
architects  who  would  work  at  Brandeis. 

Brandeis'  growth  in  more  than  three 
decades  has  been  nothing  less  than 
phenomenal.  From  the  rehabilitated 
Middlesex  buildings  to  the  academic  and 
residential  quadrangles  of  the  '60s  and  '70s, 
the  evolution  of  Brandeis  architecture  is  a 
microcosm  of  the  history  of  modern 
architecture.  We  look  to  the  eighties  and 
beyond  to  carry  on  this  tangible  tradition  of 
excellence.  ■ 

Editor's  Note;  Professor  Bernstein  served  as  a  guest 

curator  at  the  Rose  Art  Museum  where  "Designs  for  a 
New  Campus:  Almost  Brandeis"  is  on  exhibit 
throughout  the  fall  semester.  The  show  contains 
about  two  dozen  renderings  and  photo  murals 
depicting  the  original  Saarinen  Master  Plan  as  well  as 
other  proposed  designs  for  the  Brandeis  campus. 


5  Master  Plan  proposed  by  the 
architectural  firm  of  Eero  Saarinen  and 
Associates.  Key  to  the  plan:  A-Library; 
B-CreativeArts  Center;  C-Humanities  and 
Social  Sciences;  D-Brandeis  Union; 
E-Science  Building;  F- Advanced  Studies; 
G-Chapel;  H-Men's  Residence  Halls; 
I-Women's  Residence Halls;  f-Existing 
Classroom  Building;  K-Service  Center; 
L-Existing  Dormitory. 


Class  Notes,  omitted  in  this  special  inaugural  edition, 
will  resume  in  the  next  issue  due  out  in  March. 


Brandeis  University  Press 

"The  exploration  of  truth  to  its  innermost  parts" 


1981 


1976 


Jerusalem 

Or,  On  Religious  Power  and  Judaism 

Moses  Mendelssohn 

Translated  by  Allan  Arkush 
Introduction  and  commentary 
by  Alexander  Altmann 

A  classic  text  of  enduring 
significance,  Moses  Mendelssohn's 
Jerusalem  (1783)  stands  as  a  powerful 
plea  for  the  separation  of  church  and 
state  and  also  as  the  hrst  attempt  to 
present  Judaism  as  a  rehgion 
eminently  compatible  with  the  ideas 
of  the  Enlightenment.  In  its  pages  are 
elucidated  a  great  variety  of  issues, 
ranging  from  politics  to  theology. 
Indispensable  for  an  understanding  of 
the  beginnings  of  the  modern  phase  in 
Jewish  history,  this  new  English 
edition  has  been  urgently  needed. 
Completely  faithful  to  the  original 
text,  it  is  accompanied  by  exemplary 
editorial  apparatus  by  the 
acknowledged  dean  of  Mendelssohn 
scholars.  A  Brandeis  book. 
$10.00  paper,  $20.00  cloth 


Essays  in  Jewish  Intellectual  History 
Alexander  Altmann 

The  Mind  of  the  Founder 

Sources  of  the 
Political  Thought  of 
James  Madison, 
Revised  edition 
Marvin  Meyers,  ed. 

1980 

Kabbalah  and  Art 
Leo  Bronstein 


The  Model  Country 

Jose  Batlle  y  Ordoiiez 
1907-1915 
Milton  L  Vanger 

1979 


of  Uruguay, 


1977 


The  Americanization  of  the  Synagogue 

1820-1870 

Leon  A.  Jick 


Images  and  Ideas  in  American  Culture 

The  Functions  of  Criticism 
Essays  in  Memory  of  Philip  Rahv 
Arthur  Edelstein,  ed. 


The  Modernization  of  French  Jewry 

Consistory  and  Community  in  the 
Nineteenth  Century 
Phyllis  Cohen  Albert 


Energy  and  the  Environment 
A  Structural  Analysis 
Anne  P.  Carter,  ed. 


1974 

A  Community  in  Conflict 

Frankfurt  Society  in  the 
Seventeenth  and 
Early  Eighteenth  Centuries 
Gerald  Lyman  Soliday 

A  Testament  of  Alchemy 

Being  the  Revelations  of 
Monenus  to  Khalld  ibn 
Yazid  ibn  Muliwiyya 
Lee  Stavenhagen,  ed.  and  tr. 

Providing  Adequate  Retirement  Income 

Pension  Reform  in  the  United  States  and 

Abroad 

James  Schulz,  et  al. 


University  Press  of  New  England 


Hanover  and  London 


Brandeis  University  is  part  of 
University  Press  of  New  England,  whose 
other  member  institutions  are 


Brown  University,  Clark  University, 
Dartmouth  College, 

University  of  New  Hampshire,  University  of 
Rhode  Island,  Tufts  University,  and 
University  of  Vermont. 


Bi  aiideis  Review 

Brandeis  University 

Waltham,  Massachusetts  02254 


Nonproht  Organization 

U.S.  Postage 

Paid 

Permit  Number  15731 

Boston,  Massachusetts 


Address  correction  requested 


The  Arts 


Brandeis  Review 


Sprinsl984 


Volume,^  Numbers 


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^r-sfl'M 


the  highest  and  best  feelings  to  which 
men  have  risen. 

—Tolstoy 


Early  winter.  Noontime.  An  ordinary  day  on  the  Brandeis  campus,  yet  many 
extraordinary  happenings  are  taking  place. 

In  the  newly  renovated,  exquisite  Rapaporte  Treasure  Hall,  the  library's 
repository  for  rare  books,  the  Chamber  Choir  is  performing  one  of  its  "Concerts 
at  Noon."  Under  the  direction  of  James  Olesen,  an  angelic  chorus  of  voices 
envelopes  the  room.  The  audience,  some  munching  on  sandwiches,  sit  in 
silence.  The  concert  demonstrates  a  care  for  perfection  worthy  of  a  symphony  hall. 

Just  as  the  concert  comes  to  an  end,  the  Rose  Art  Museum  opens  its  doors. 
Another  peaceful  oasis  in  the  middle  of  the  bustling  campus.  Two  exhibits  are  on 
view.  "Designs  for  a  New  Campus"  traces  Brandeis'  architectural  heritage  from 
Eero  Saarinen's  master  plan  to  the  new  Leonard  L.  Farber  Library.  The  other 
exhibition  features  a  selection  from  the  museum's  permanent  collection.  Some 
of  the  most  influential  contemporary  artists  are  on  view.  Paintings  by  Mark 
Rothko,  Louis  Norris,  Franz  Kline,  Helen  Frankenthaler,  Jasper  Johns,  James 
Rosenquist,  Roy  Lichtenstein,  David  Smith  and  a  sketch  by  Christo  of  his 
Running  Fence  Project  in  Marin  Counties. 

Just  a  few  yards  away,  at  the  Spingold  Theater,  there  are  other  activities. 
Remnants  of  a  recently  closed  photography  show  of  portraits  by  Cecil  Beaton  are 
still  visible.  An  extraordinary  exhibit  in  Spingold's  Dreitzer  Gallery,  the  Beaton 
show  brought  to  the  campus  some  of  the  most  remarkable  portrait  photography 
of  this  century. 

But  on  November  30,  Spingold  is  abuzz  with  the  frenetic  activity  that  precedes 
the  opening  of  a  new  production.  That  evening.  The  Crucible  by  Arthur  Miller 
opens  its  two-week  run. 

Around  two  in  the  afternoon  it  appears  as  if  almost  everyone  is  headed  in  the 
direction  of  the  Levin  Ballroom.  About  500  people  fill  that  auditorium  at  that 
unusual  hour  to  hear  novehst  Chaim  Potok  talk  about  his  work.  The  audience 
sits  there,  for  almost  two  hours,  asking  questions,  listening. 

And,  of  course,  as  always,  students  are  painting  in  the  design  studios,  playing  and 
composing  in  the  music  building,  writing  for  their  creative  writing  classes. 

It  is  one  day  in  the  life  of  Brandeis  University. 


The  arts  at  Brandeis  are  a  vital  part  of  campus  life,  and  have  been  since  the 
school's  inception. 

It  is  symbolic  that  Brandeis,  at  its  first  commencement  in  1952,  presented  a 
dazzling  display  of  creative  genius.  There  was  the  American  premiere  of  a 
specially  commissioned  operetta,  Trouble  in  Tahiti  by  Leonard  Bernstein;  a  new 
production  of  Stravinsky's  Les  Noces  choreographed  and  danced  by  Merce 
Cunningham.  There  were  poetry  readings  by  Karl  Shapiro,  William  Carlos 
Williams  and  Peter  Viereck,  a  iazz  festival,  an  afternoon  of  art  films,  an 
exhibition  of  art  works  already  acquired  by  the  university. 

That  early  commitment  has  remained,  and  through  the  years  some  of  the  leading 
writers,  composers,  painters,  and,  of  course,  critics  of  the  arts,  have  been  at 
Brandeis.  Creative  Arts  Festivals  were  a  major  event  on  the  campus,  and  to  this 
day  the  university  grants  Creative  Arts  Awards  annually  to  the  most 
distinguished  individuals  in  the  arts. 

This  issue  of  the  Brandeis  Review  is  devoted  to  the  arts.  What  follows  is  a  short 
sampling  of  its  presence  on  this  campus  and  in  the  work  of  alumni. 

Editor 


The  Arts 


Cover:  Detail  of  painting  by  Paul  Georges, 
Professor  of  Fine  Arts  at  Brandeis.  Paulette, 
60  X  38,  collection  of  Paulette  Theodore. 


Brandeis  Review 


Spring  1984 


Volume  3 


Number  5 


Writing  for  the  Stage  and 
Film 

Jeremy  Lamer  '58  and 
Michael  Weller  '65 

2-6 

Peter  Child's  Opera 
Has  Premiere  in  Boston 

Young  composer  is 
making  his  mark 

7 

Creative  Arts  Awards 

8-9 

Painting 

Paul  Georges 

1 0- 1 1 

Theater 

Costume  Design 

12-1,^. 

Fiction 

Letting  Her  Fall 
Susan  Monsky  73 

14-17 

Around  the  University 

la-3a 

Athletics 

4a-5a 

Faculty  Notes 

6a-8a 

Bookshelf 

Books  written  by 
faculty  and  alumni 

V.i 

Alumni  News 

10a- 15a 

Rose  Art  Museum 

by  Carl  I.  Belz 

18-21 

Sculpture 

Peter  Markman 

22 

Painting 

Graham  B.  Cainpbcll 

23 

Theater 

Scene  designer 
Bob  Moody 

24 

Theater 

Profile  of  theater 
director  Jose  Quintero 

25-27 

Poetry 

Allen  R.  Grossman 
Louis  E.  Yglesias 
Denise  Levcrtov 

28-30 

Music 

The  Lydian 
String  Quartet 

31 

Center  for  Jewish  Film 

32 

Creative  Arts  Center 

32 

Brandeis  Review,  Volume  3,  Number  5, 

Editor 

Design  Director 

Faculty  Advisory 

Photographers 

Spring  1984.  Brandeis  Review  (ISSN 

Nada  Samuels 

Ron  Rccchio 

Board 

lulian  Brown 

0273-7175)  IS  published  by  Brandeis 

lack  Goldstein 

Betsey  Ball 

University,  415  South  Street,  Waltham, 

Director  of  Public 

Designer 

Attila  Klein 

Massachusetts  02254,  with  free 

Affairs 

Reg  Taylor 

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Production 

distribution  to  30,000  alumni,  students. 

Barry  Wanger 

Coordinator 

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Publications 
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Board 

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Postmaster:  Send  address  changes  to 

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Director  of  Alumni 

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Barbaia  Krasin 

Relations  and  the 

South  Street,  Waltham,  Massachusetts 

Kravitz  '57 

Alumni  Fund 

02254. 

Gladys  R.  lacobson 

Writing  for  Stage 
and  Film 


Dialogue  on  the 
Art  of  Writing 


Michcifi  Wfller '65,  ^i .  ■  l' 

composition  while  an  undergraduate. 
In  his  senior  year,  he  started  writing 
plays  and  wrote  skits  for  the  Brandeis 
musical  society  Hi  Charlie.  After 
graduation,  he  went  to  England  to 
study  drama.  His  play.  How  Hoho 
Rose  and  Fell  in  Seven  Short  Scenes, 
was  performed  in  1 968  at  the  national 
Union  of  Students  Festival  in  Exeter, 
England.  It  was  later  transplanted  to 
Broadway  and,  also,  had  a  highly 
successful  revival  off-Broadway. 
Another  play,  Moonchildren,  based  on 
his  undergraduate  days,  was  first 
performed  at  the  Royal  Court  Theater 
in  London  under  the  title  Cancer.  He 
has  written  several  other  plays 
including  Loose  Ends  which  had  a 
successful  run  at  the  Circle-in-the- 
Square  Theater  in  New  York.  The  play 
won  a  citation  from  the  American 
Theater  Critics  Association. 

Weller  has  also  written  several 
screenplays.  He  wrote  the  film  script 
for  Hair  and  the  screen  adaptation  of 
Ragtime.  He  is  currently  working  on  a 
script  for  director  William  Friedkin. 

Weller's  latest  play.  The  Ballad  of 
Soapy  Smith,  which  premiered  in 
Seattle  last  fall,  will  be  staged  by  the 
New  York  Shakespeare  Festival  this 
fall. 


Shortly  after  graduating  from  Brandeis 
in  1 958,  feremy  Lamer  began  to  work 
as  a  free-lance  writer  in  New  York 
City.  In  1964  his  first  novel  Drive,  He 
Said  won  the  coveted  Delta  prize. 
During  the  1960s,  Earner  published 
five  books,  as  well  as  stories,  articles 
and  essays  in  national  magazines. 
Lamer  was  Eugene  McCarthy's 
principal  speechwriter  during  the  1 968 
presidential  campaign  and  afterwards 
wrote  a  book,  Nobody  Knows,  about 
the  events  of  that  year.  In  the  1 970s  his 
energies  turned  to  screenwriting  and  in 
1973  his  script  for  The  Candidate 
received  an  Academy  Award  for  Best 
Original  Screenplay.  Drive,  He  Said 
was  also  turned  into  a  movie  with  a 
script  by  Earner  and  fack  Nicholson. 

He  has  devoted  the  last  few  years 
writing  a  novel  about  a  male  movie 
star  which  was  recently  completed 
and  is  titled  On  Top  Of  The  World.  He 
is  currently  working  on  a  film  script  for 
Austrahan  director  Graeme  Clifford. 


For  this  special  issue  on  the  arts,  the 
Brandeis  Review  asked  two  Brandeis 
alumni — leremy  Lamer  '58  and 
Michael  Weller  '65 — who  have 
distinguished  themselves  as  writers  to 
talk  ahiiut  their  profession. 

Although  their  undergraduate  years  did 
not  overlap,  they  are  familiar  with  each 
other's  work.  This  winter  they  met  for 
the  first  time  when  Larner  visited 
Weller  on  a  trip  to  New  York.  They 
talked  for  several  hours  about  their 
professions,  their  literary  opinions  and, 
of  course,  about  their  days  at  Brandeis. 

Lamer,  who  lives  m  Berkeley, 
California,  and  writes  in  a  house 
overlooking  San  Francisco  Bay,  found 
Weller  working  in  a  radically  different 
setting.  Weller's  studio  is  a  storefront 
on  New  York's  Lower  East  Side.  He 
works  at  a  battered  roUtop  desk  a  few 
feet  away  from  passing  pedestrians. 

Feb.  3,  1984 

Lamer:  Michael,  do  you  see  your 
writing  for  the  movies  as  contradictory 
to  writing  plays- 

Weller:  No,  they're  both  crafts  that  I  go 
on  practicing  and  learning.  I  never 
consider  in  the  abstract  that  there's 
anything  less  worthy  m  writing  a  film, 
but  with  a  play  I  know  it's  going  to  be 
done  as  well  as  I  want  it  to  be  done.  The 
play  is  my  statement  and  it  can't  be 
tampered  with.  I  own  the  copyright, 
I'm  the  boss.  When  I  do  a  movie,  I'm  a 
hired  hand.  Even  with  an  original 
script — which  I  never  write 
anyway — you  will  be  dealing  with 
people  who  will  ask  you  to  make  a  lot  of 
revisions  and  changes.  But  you  know 
that  going  in.  It's  Hke  eating  in  a  diner. 
You  simply  lower  your  expectations 
and  eat  the  meal  you're  served. 

Lamer:  What  about  the  consequences 
of  eating  that  meal?  It  keeps  you 
solvent  so  you  can  write  your  plays,  but 
I  would  think  you  get  more  useful 
critical  feedback  from  your 
playwriting. 


Weller:  Not  really.  I  don't  read  reviews 
to  find  out  what  anybody  thinks  of  my 
plays.  I  watch  the  audience.  That's  how 
I  tell  if  my  play  is  getting  across  what  I 
want  It  to.  In  movies  the  only  criticism 
that  matters  comes  from  the  director  I 
usually  work  with,  Milos  Forman. 
Over  the  years  Milos  has  been  training 
me  to  write  scripts,  and  so  if  my  scenes 
are  not  useful  for  him  I  have  to  accept 
the  fact  that  they  still  need  work. 

Lamer:  Do  you  also  get  the  chance  to 
explain  to  Forman  how  your  scenes 
might  come  across  on  film' 

Weller:  He  knows  way  more  than  I  do. 
He  has  devoted  his  life  to  imagining  the 
perfect  film.  It  was  a  great  thing  when 
he  came  to  me  in  my  mid-thirties  with 
a  chance  for  me  to  start  thinking  about 
writing  films.  Suddenly  there  was  a 
whole  different  esthetic  I  could  study. 
To  discover  how  to  use  film  was 
exciting — and  all  the  technical  stuff, 
too — how  a  crew  works,  what  camera 
angles  are  all  about,  the  whole 
vocabulary  of  film- making  which  you 
can  take  into  account  and  use  just  as  a 
playwright  uses  his  knowledge  of  the 
stage. 

Lamer:  I  share  that  fascination.  Yet  the 
writer's  idea  of  a  well-made  movie  is 
usually  shredded  by  the  pressures  that 
come  from  the  money-people.  The 
anxieties  are  such  that  most  directors 
and  producers  not  only  want 
something  wild  and  fresh,  they  want  at 
the  same  time  to  do  exactly  what  is 
done  m  other  successful  movies.  They 
want  you  to  make  them  a  new  parade 
with  hitherto-unseen  animals,  but  they 
want  to  run  that  parade  down  the 
middle  of  Main  Street.  The  usual 
solution  is  to  shoot  all  kinds  of 
contradictory  scenes  and  piece  the  film 
together  in  the  cutting  room.  The 
result  is  the  patchwork  texture  of  most 
current  movies. 

Also  the  most  challenging  scripts  that 
are  commissioned  are  the  least 
obviously  promising  commercially  so 
that  directors  and  stars,  when  the  chips 
are  down,  won't  commit  to  them.  The 
more  unique  the  script,  the  less  likely  it 
is  to  be  made.  At  the  same  time,  the 
more  I  write  movies,  the  more  deeply 
I'm  hooked  on  the  idea  of  the  perfect 
collaboration  through  which  a  script  is 
turned  into  a  really  good  film.  The 


vision  of  the  good  film  haunts  me.  I 
think  every  screenwriter  has  to  develop 
that  kind  of  hallucination  just  to  write 
the  script — even  thiiugh  he  will  almost 
never  be  able  to  go  out  and  make  his 
dream  come  true.  He  is  totally, 
helplessly,  at  the  mercy  of  other  people. 

Weller:  Personally,  I  try  to  make  my 
dreams  come  true  writing  plays.  Rut  1 
think  of  the  process  differently.  A  play 
arises  from  my  desire  to  give  shape  to 
my  own  preoccupations — strange 
things  that  I  see  people  do,  new  feelings 
I'm  aware  of  in  myself.  Writing 
becomes  a  series  of  technical 
challenges.  How  do  I  get  the  various 
elements  I've  collected  to  work 
together,  how  does  one  thing  lead  to  the 
next?  And  I  begin  to  think,  no  one's 
ever  seen  a  play  like  this  before,  this 
will  be  wonderful.  But  that  feeling  is 
really  no  more  than  when  you're  a  baby 
and  you  make  something  you  want  the 
whole  world  to  see.  As  an  adult,  I  want 
to  put  something  together  that  will 
convey  a  new  way  of  seeing  things  to  an 
audience  that  is  as  smart  as  I  am.  I  don't 
concern  myself  with  the  social  purpose 
of  the  play  or  what  I  can  do  to  make 
people  think  differently.  I  only  think 
that  if  I  can  see  the  material  in  a  fresh 
way,  if  I  see  right  through  to  the  heart  of 
It,  then  the  audience  will  experience  a 
clear  and  powerful  shock  of 
recognition.  People  will  see  what  they 
knew  all  along. 

Larner:  What  if  they  don't  see  it? 

Weller:  Then  I've  got  to  go  back  and 
figure  out  how  to  do  it  better. 

Larner:  You  take  the  responsibility? 

Weller:  Oh,  yes.  This  is  only  possible 
when  the  writer  controls  the  text  and 
the  production.  With  a  movie  this  just 
can't  happen. 

Lamer:  That's  why  it's  hard  for  a 
screenwriter  to  develop  from  one  script 
to  the  next.  He  can  never  see  his  work 
complete  and  take  responsibility  for  its 
shortcomings  before  going  on  to  his 
next  effort. 

Weller:  If  artistry  has  something  to  do 
with  the  most  effortless  motion  from 
conception  to  execution,  then 
everything  about  making  movies  is  a 
violation  of  that  principle. 


Larner:  If  only  it  were  simply  a  problem 
of  dealing  with  respected  collaborators. 

Weller:  But  it  isn't.  Inevitably,  you 
have  to  take  your  concept  in  some 
premature  version  and  submit  it  to  a 
series  of  committees. 

Larner:  — all  of  which  have  interests 
other  than  the  quality  of  the  film. 

Weller:  Yes,  they're  looking  for  the 
mythical  property — a  term  that 
belongs  to  real  estate.  But  even  if  a 
perfect  set  of  backers  comes  along  and 
says,  we  love  your  idea,  here's  the 
money — even  then  you'd  soon  have 
80  different  concepts  of  the  truth 
you're  after.  For  instance,  the 
cinematographer  has  to  design  the 
shots  and  then  describe  them  to  the 
camera  operator.  This  is  like  requiring  a 
painter  to  have  another  person  hold  the 
paintbrush,  while  he  calls  out,  a  little 
more  red  over  there.  .  .  . 

But  for  a  playwright,  the  central  task  is 
simply  to  sit  down  and  write.  If  one 
production  of  your  play  doesn't  work, 
you  can  get  another  production.  It 
doesn't  ruin  the  chance  of  your  play 
being  done  correctly  the  next  time. 

Lamer:  And  the  playwright  retains  the 
right  to  alter  his  own  material? 

Weller:  Yes,  exactly,  you  keep  your 
play  and  you  change  it  while  it's  being 
produced.  In  fact,  most  plays  are  really 
written  in  the  final  stages  of  their 
previews. 

A  film-maker  can't  do  that,  unless  he 
has  a  clause  in  his  contract  like  Woody 
Allen's,  wherein  he  can  re-shoot  20  to 
30  per  cent  of  his  film  after  it's  been 
edited  and  shown  to  a  trial  audience. 

Larner:  What  a  privilege!  And  yet 
Woody  Allen,  m  his  very  effort  to 
explore  and  spread  his  wings,  seems  to 
have  become  more  pompous  and  to 
have  lost  touch  with  what  was  fresh  in 
his  material.  It  seems  to  me  in  fact  that 
vei7  few  celebrated  hlm-makers  get 
better  as  they  go  ak)ng.  They  make  a 
few  films  that  come  from  their  own 
direct  experience,  then  they  decline 
into  staginess,  cleverness  and  false 
profundity. 

Weller:  It's  a  paradox  that  film  is  a 


medium  which  allows  an  artist  to  reach 
a  wide  public — which  is  every  artist's 
dream — but  at  the  same  time  it's  an 
instrument  for  preventing  him  from 
doing  what  he  really  wants  to  do. 

Lainei:  To  me,  the  conditions  of  the 
all-pervasive  celebrity-making  media 
machine  make  it  harder  for  any  artist  to 
develop  a  stronger  grip  on  his  feelings 
and  his  material.  Of  course,  it's  only  the 
newest  version  of  an  old  story.  But  I 
think  it's  harder  today  for  a  writer  to  get 
his  bearings.  Sometimes  one's  fellow 
writers  seem  like  so  many  salesmen 
competing  to  merchandise  new 
gimmicks.  Do  you  yourself  find 
strength  or  solidarity  in  what  others  are 
doing? 

Weller:  In  my  field  I  do.  There  are  a 
number  of  playwrights  who,  I  think,  are 
doing  very  e.xciting  work. 

Larnei:  Here's  your  chance  to  name 
them. 

Weller:  Sam  Shepard  and  David 
Mamet.  I  find  their  plays  full  of  vitality. 
I  love  the  language  they  write.  It's  just 
too  bad  there's  some  commercial 
resistance  to  their  work,  but  it  doesn't 
matter  so  much  because  m  the  theatre 
you  can  always  find  a  venue.  You  can 
stage  your  play  wonderfully  in  small 
places  and  achieve  exactly  what  you 
want.  Then  if  you  think  you  should 
have  become  more  famous  or  gotten 
better  paid,  you  have  two  choices.  You 
can  study  the  public  taste  and  learn  to 
please  it,  or  learn  instead  to  be  pleased 
with  what  you  yourself  do  well.  It's  an 
indulgence  to  bemoan  your  fate.  You 
have  to  decide  what  you  want. 

Lainei:  It  isn't  fate  then,  it's  ourselves. 
If  we  take  movie  contracts,  we  take 
with  them  the  liabilities  of  the  people 
we  work  for.  If  we  write  exactly  what 
we  like,  we  have  no  guarantees.  After 
all,  we  are  aware  of  this  merchandising 
atmosphere  when  we  sit  down  to  write. 

Wellei:  How  can  we  not  be  aware  of  it- 
It's  all  around  us.  It's  swamping  us. 

Lainei:  I  think  you  are  more  of  an 
exception  than  you  realize.  You've 
found  a  way  to  get  what  you  want  done 
in  the  theatre,  and  all  the  while  you  can 
earn  a  living  through  your  work  on 
relatively  ambitious  movies. 


Wellei:  I  agree.  My  position  is 
incredibly  unusual,  but  I  knew  very 
early  on  what  I  was  up  to  and  I've  been 
careful  in  controlling  it.  It's  a  question 
of  situating  yourself  so  that  you  don't 
have  large  expenses,  doing  your  work, 
not  paying  too  much  attention  to  what 
anybody  thinks  about  you,  just 
working  and  writing.  Sooner  or  later 
opportunity  will  come  along,  and  you 
take  It.  But  you  don't  go  hustling  for  it, 
because  that  wastes  time.  Almost 
every  writer  I  know  wastes  too  much 
time  worrying  about  getting  the 
opportunities  and  not  getting  on  with 
what  he  should  be  doing,  writing. 
When  writers  spend  a  lot  of  time 
marketing  themselves,  then  they're 
subject  to  all  sorts  of  weird  fantasies 
and  painful  rejections,  all  of  which  are 
out  of  their  control. 

Lainei:  It  isn't  just  marketing  that 
leads  to  those  weird  fantasies  of 
success.  The  fantasies  themselves  are 
merchandized;  the  fantasies  are  our 
culture. 

Wellei:  Early  success  can  be  a  great 
misfortune. 

Lainei:  Yes,  because  one  believes  it. 
One  thinks  the  fantasies  are  coming 
true. 

Wellei:  But  we  are  well  warned.  I 
looked  at  other  writers  as  I  was  learning 
how  to  write  and  when  Moonc/iiiciren 
hit,  I  knew  this  was  great  for  me,  but  I 
also  knew  the  bullshit  machine  would 
turn  in  my  direction,  and  I  just  had  to 
get  out  of  the  way.  That  was  the  choice 
I  made:  no  interviews,  don't  see 
anybody,  no  parties,  just  write.  Because 
the  rest  of  it  doesn't  count. 

Lainei:  I  think  it's  hard  just  to  sit  m 
your  room  and  write.  You  get  isolated. 

Wellei:  No,  you  have  a  bunch  of 
friends.  Friends  are  little  anchors  you 
can  hitch  yourself  to.  You  eat  and  talk 
and  go  to  shows.  There's  just  too  much 
evidence  around  of  what  you  can 
become  if  you  let  your  head  go  crazy. 
I'm  at  the  point  now  where  I  would  say 
that  anyone  who's  fooled  by  acclaim 
just  hasn't  opened  his  eyes  when 
walking  through  the  woods. 

Lainei:  I  gather  you've  been  in  danger 
more  than  once.  Didn't  Universal 
Pictures  pay  a  large  sum  for  the  rights 
to  your  play  Loose  Endsl 


Wellei:  That  was  my  first  windfall. 

Lainei:  Did  they  hire  you  to  write  the 
script? 

Wellei:  That,  too. 

Lainei:  And  did  the  play  actually 
become  a  movie? 

WeUei:  Now  that  tar  they  didn't  go.  But 
in  the  beginning  it  was  one  of  those 
wonderful  things  where  an  executive  at 
Universal  bought  my  play  as  if  there 
were  a  big  bidding  war  going  on.  She 
came  m  and  said,  this  is  my  offer,  I'm 
not  going  one  penny  higher.  She  was 
very  sweet.  In  fact,  no  one  else  had 
made  an  offer.  She  just  happened  to  be 
touched  by  the  play  and  she  thought 
everybody  else  was,  too. 

Lainei:  She  probably  lost  her  job. 

Wellei:  No,  she's  still  around.  Those 
mistakes  don't  lose  you  your  job  if 
you're  a  movie  executive.  Anyway,  she 
bought  the  play  and  then,  after  they'd 
already  spent  all  this  dough,  she 
couldn't  sell  Universal  on  actually 
making  the  him. 

Lainei:  What's  a  lot  of  dough  to  us  is 
merely  the  initial  investment  to  them. 
It  costs  at  least  ten  million  more  to  go 
ahead  and  make  the  film.  This  is  where 
a  lot  of  scripts  get  left  on  the  shelf. 

Wellei:  At  least  I  had  the  satisfaction  of 
having  done  the  play. 

Lainei:  Is  that  dialogue  I  see  on  your 
desk?  You  must  be  working  on  a  new 
play  right  now. 

Wellei:  No,  it's  the  second  draft  of  a 
movie  that  I  already  know  is  not  going 
to  be  made. 

Lainei:  This  is  the  ultimate  test.  Can 
you  keep  up  your  morale  as  you  write 
something  which  you  have  already  sold 
but  which  you  know  is  not  going  to  be 
produced? 

Wellei:  The  first  draft  I  did  I  was  very 
excited  about.  Now  I  see  it  can't 
possibly  work  out  but  I  wanted  to  be  a 
good  sport.  I  have  a  lot  of  other  things 
I'd  prefer  to  be  doing.  But  it  won't  take 
long. 


Larner:  When  you  write  a  movie  do  you 
work  from  an  outline? 

Weller:  Vaguely.  It  depends  on  the  film. 
Sometimes  it's  fairly  detailed, 
sometimes  I  just  pitch  in  and  keep 
going  until  it's  over.  How  about  you? 
Do  you  put  each  scene  on  an  index 
card? 

Larner:  Yes,  I  usually  do,  because  to  me 
movies  are  the  end  product  of  a 
compression.  You  always  think  of  so 
much  more  than  you  are  able  to  get  on 
the  screen.  If  you  turn  in  a  script  that's 
too  long,  then  other  people  are  going  to 
make  the  cuts.  There  are  movies  like 
Frances,  which  I  admire,  where  the 
director — m  this  case  Graeme 
Clifford — had  a  three  hour  script,  shot 
it  all,  then  had  to  cut  the  picture  to  160 
minutes.  Inevitably,  he  was  left  with 
big  holes,  both  in  the  story  and  withm 
scenes.  As  a  screenwriter  I  don't  want 
that  to  happen. 

Another  reason  I  use  cards  is  that  in  a 
visual  medium  you  can  create 
marvellous  changes  by  taking  your 
cards  and  rearranging  them.  It's  like 
shuffling  time. 

Finally,  anything  I  can  do  to  get  a  grip 
on  the  story-line  will  help  me  when  it 
comes  to  that  crucial  diplomatic  act  of 
explaining  the  script  to  the  people  who 
will  actually  film  it. 

Weller:  With  Milos  Forman  we  always 
work  so  closely  together  I  don't  have  to 
explain  the  story. 

Larner:  When  he  filmed  Hair  and 
Ragtime,  did  he  keep  you  on  the  set? 

Weller:  Yes.  I  actually  ended  up 
directing  parts  of  them. 

Larner:  I  had  a  similar  experience  on 
the  set  of  The  Candidate,  rewriting 
scenes  to  suit  the  actors  and  locations.  I 
remember  one  morning  we  were  out  on 
Angel  Island  in  San  Francisco  Bay, 
which  we  were  going  to  set  on  fire.  A 
dozen  fire  departments  had  been  ferried 
out  there  at  an  astronomical  cost,  but 
the  script  didn't  fit  the  location  and  I 
had  eight  actors  gathered  round  me, 
each  trying  to  tell  me  what  his 
character  should  be  saying.  Meanwhile 
the  director  was  waiting  to  burn  down 
the  island  and  he  was  getting  angry 


Robert  Redford  in  The  Candidate 

because  the  wind  was  going  to  shift  and 
he  had  his  helicopters  up  in  the  air  with 
their  cameras,  and  yet  I  enjoyed  the 
excitement  and  even  the  pressure.  I  was 
having  a  terrific  time  and  was  able  to 
come  up  with  a  much  livelier  movie 
scene. 

Of  course,  if  the  original  screenwriter  is 
not  on  the  set,  then  someone  else 
makes  these  adjustments  and  the  scene 
almost  never  fits  with  the  rest  of  the 
movie. 

Weller:  How  did  you  actually  drift  into 
film  writing? 

Larner:  In  the  60s,  I  knew  an  unusual 
young  actor  in  Los  Angeles  who  was 
down  on  his  luck,  couldn't  get  an  acting 
|ob  and  was  trying  to  write  screenplays. 
He  was  one  of  a  number  of  young 
people  in  L.A.  who  wanted  to  make  a 
movie  out  oi  Drive,  He  Said.  The  book, 
as  it  turned  out,  had  prophesized  the 
student  uprisings  of  the  60s  and  had 
collected  an  underground  following. 
Now  in  early  '69,  this  actor  phoned  me 
in  New  York  and  said,  "Jer,  I'm  going  to 
be  a  star."  I  reminded  him  he'd  been 
saying  that  for  years.  He  said,  "No,  I  am 
Hollywood,  and  they're  going  to  let  me 
direct  whatever  I  want.  I'm  going  to  do 
Drive,  and  you  can  write  the  script." 


Well,  this  was  lack  Nicholson,  so  I 
came  out  and  wrote  the  movie,  which 
turned  out  to  be  a  wild  and  crazy  flick, 
marred  by  exactly  the  same  faults  as 
the  book.  When  it's  funny,  it's  alive  and 
working,  and  when  it's  serious  it's  an 
embarrassment.  Another  break  for  me 
was  that  Nicholson  got  Bob  Towne  to 
play  a  minor  part  in  the  picture.  At  that 
time  Towne  was  a  writer  without  a 
single  screen  credit,  but  he  was 
working  on  The  Last  Detail.  Shampoo, 
and  Chinatown,  and  he  and  I  used  to  go 
over  his  drafts  as  well  as  rewriting 
scenes  for  Drive.  That  was  the  start  of 
my  screenwritmg  education. 

Weller:  It  seems  odd  that  Redford 
would  choose  you  for  The  Candidate 
based  on  Drive,  He  Said,  which  is  so 
different. 

Larner:  Maybe  it  seemed  odd  to  him, 
too.  But  he  and  the  director,  Michael 
Ritchie,  were  looking  for  a  screenwriter 
who  knew  about  political  campaigns, 
and  he  discovered  I  had  been  Eugene 
McCarthy's  main  spcechwriter  in 
1968. 1  started  telling  them  some  of  the 
tunny  and  disturbing  things  that 
happened  m  the  McCarthy  campaign 
and  it  became  clear  that  we  could  work 
a  lot  of  it  into  the  movie.  And  as  I  spent 
time  with  Redford,  I  began  to  notice 


that  a  movie  star  was  like  a  politician. 
Each  can  become  the  victim  of  his 
image.  That  was  the  main  idea  of  The 
Candidate.  Public  people  just  don't 
know  what  they're  doing.  There  are 
always  forces  that  sweep  them  along 
that  are  much  bigger  than  the 
rationalizations  they  give  at  the  time.  I 
took  up  this  idea  again  in  the  novel  I 
just  finished  writing,  which  is  about  a 
movie  star  (not  a  Redford-type,  by  the 
way,  more  a  Nicholsonian|.  Back  when 
I  was  writing  The  Candidate,  Redford, 
who  is  a  good  story-teller,  would  tell 
me  about  the  bizarre  encounters  of  his 
daily  life.  You  may  remember  the 
business  m  The  Candidate  where  a  guy 
stops  him  on  the  street  and  insists  that 
he  comment  on  his  dog — as  a  crowd 
gathers  and  there's  an  overtone  of 
violence  in  the  air.  That  really 
happened  to  Redford  in  the  Bronx,  and 
when  properly  reconstructed  it  made 
one  of  my  favorite  moments  in  the 
movie. 

Weller:  It's  interesting  how  real  life 
situations  will  sometimes  work  and 
sometimes  not.  When  I  first  did  Loose 
Ends  in  Washington,  I  had  a  man  and 
woman  play  a  whole  scene  naked.  But  I 
found  the  audience  simply  could  not 
listen.  Important  things  that  were 
being  said  were  all  missed.  Finally,  we 
made  a  choice  to  clothe  the  actors.  We 
had  to  give  up  on  something  that  to  me 
was  real  and  natural. 

Lamer:  In  a  movie,  you  might  have 
gotten  around  that  problem  by  using 
different  close-ups  or  cutting  away 
frt)m  the  actors.  But  the  language  of 
movies  is  completely  different.  Good 
movie  dialogue  is  sometimes  nothing 
more  than  a  series  of  grunts  to  clue  the 
audience  in  on  what  they're  seeing.  It 
always  seems  worse  in  movies  when 
the  actors  stop  to  explain  the  action  to 
one  another. 

Weller:  That's  just  bad  writing 
anywhere  it  happens.  Self-conscious 
"exposition"  is  always  going  to  stand 
out. 

Lamer:  I  think  your  play  Moonchildren 
is  a  good  example  of  indirect 
exposition,  because  your  characters 
were  people  who  were  unfamiliar  to  the 
audiences  of  that  time.  The  media  were 
covering  student  protests  and  drug  use 
and  so  on — the  external  parts  of  their 
lives — and  yet  you  largely  ignored  all 


that  and  dealt  with  the  subtext — the 
angst,  stagnation,  perversity.  The  more 
obvious  stuff  your  students  might  have 
engaged  in  was  left  offstage. 

Weller:  Everything  that  happens  in  that 
apartment  is  about  how  the  characters 
avoid  saying  what  is  really  going  on. 
But  I  didn't  know  that  when  I  started  to 
write.  I  had  no  plan,  I  just  sat  down. 
Actually  I  was  trying  to  reconstruct 
what  my  college  life  was  like  for  some 
people  I  was  living  with  m  Britain. 
They  had  no  idea  about  my  past,  so  I 
thought,  well,  I'll  do  a  little  play  and  it 
will  explain  what  it  was  like  to  live  in 
that  apartment  in  Waltham. 

This  makes  me  think  about  Brandeis. 
Brandeis  created  a  feeling  of  having 
been  present  among  people  who  were 
larger  than  life.  I  remember  certain 
teachers,  certain  students  I  was  friends 
with,  who  seemed  to  go  about  their 
lives  in  ways  that  were  more 
outrageous — and  more  outrageously 
clever — than  the  stereotyped  doings  of 
people  at  other  colleges.  There  was 
something  almost  philosophically 
great  about  the  way  they  fooled  around. 

Lamer:  You  mean  like  that  one  guy 
who  re-staged  the  crucifixion  of  Christ 
one  Easter  Sunday; 

Weller:  Yes,  that  was  a  very  famous 
example. 

Lamer:  Marvin  Garson! 

Weller:  He  was  one  of  the  proto-hippie 
types,  what  the  Yippies  were  going  to 
become.  You  really  captured  it  in  your 
book,  too— the  way  the  self-appointed 
revolutionary  immolates  himself  at  the 
end.  That's  exactly  the  sort  of  Brandeis 
thing  that  I'm  sure  existed  at  Berkeley, 
and  maybe  at  Michigan  and  Wisconsin. 
These  places,  too,  had  their  little 
pockets  of  people  who  in  the  end  were 
middleclass  and  probably  just  played 
better  than  anyone  had  ever  played  in 
college  before,  and  felt  a  commonality 
in  their  antic  moods. 

Lamer:  At  times  Brandeis  was 
fantastically  theatrical.  I  remember 
there  was  a  controversy  my  freshman 
year  about  whether  to  show  Birth  of  a 
Nation.  It  seemed  as  if  half  the  school 
gathered  m  Ford  Hall  with  great 
passion  running  on  both  sides.  A  fellow 
named  Paul  Lucas  made  a  brilliant 


speech  in  behalf  of  civil  liberties,  but 
there  was  a  black  grad  student,  John 
Howard — a  man,  I  believe,  who  had 
done  his  thesis  on  the  sociology  of 
garbage  collecting  by  going  out  on  the 
garbage  truck — who  got  up  and  spoke 
about  the  humiliations  of  being  a 
Negro.  He  brought  tears  to  my  eyes,  but 
I  remember  voting  to  show  the  film 
anyway.  The  argument  was  bitter,  the 
vote  was  close,  and  the  film  lost. 

I  also  remember  when  Britain,  France 
and  Israel  crossed  the  Suez  Canal  and 
later  had  to  go  back,  the  whole  campus 
gathered  to  discuss  the  meaning  of  this 
event.  I  remember  when  the 
Hungarians  tried  to  throw  off  their 
government  in  1956.  Again  the  whole 
school,  including  faculty,  gathered  m 
Usen  Commons  m  the  Castle,  and 
Herbert  Marcuse  (who  was  larger  than 
life  if  ever  anyone  was)  told  us  there 
were  anti-Semitic  elements  and 
counter-revolutionary  elements  and 
we  had  to  reserve  our  judgments.  The 
sociologist  Lew  Coser  stood  up  and 
shouted,  "People  are  dying  in  the 
streets  for  their  freedom  and  you  want 
to  wait  and  make  scholarly 
judgments!"  Again  the  campus  was 
divided.  When  the  writer  Howard  Fast 
came  to  speak,  I  was  moderating  the 
discussion  between  him  and  Irving 
Howe,  who  at  the  time  was  my  English 
teacher.  Fast — who  had  been  a  Stalinist 
for  years — droned  on  about  "scientific 
socialism."  Howe  suddenly  pounded 
the  table — waking  me  up — and  cried, 
"You  have  blood  on  your  hands!"  Half 
the  campus  was  furious  at  Howe  for 
what  they  considered  his  bad  manners, 
yet  this  was  something  we  talked  about 
for  weeks  and  thought  about  for  years. 

Weller:  That  atmosphere  did  not 
prepare  us  very  well  for  a  culture  where 
style  so  overshadows  content. 

Lamer:  It  might  have  prepared  us, 

though,  to  be  the  kind  of  writers  we  are. 

Weller:  How  could  we  deny  it?  Still,  I 
get  uncomfortable  with  these 
abstractions. 

Lamer:  So  do  I,  though  I  can't  resist 
them. 

Weller:  It's  time  to  get  back  to  work. 

Lamer:  You  said  it.B 


Music 


Peter  Child's  Opera 
Premieres  in  Boston 


In  1952,  a  yi)ung  member  of  the  music 
faculty  by  the  name  of  Leonard 
Bernstein  premiered  his  opera  "Trouble 
in  Tahiti"  at  Brandeis. 

On  May  1,  1984,  another  young 
member  of  the  faculty  —  Peter  Child  — 
will  premiere  an  opera,  "Embers,"  at 
the  Huntington  Theater  in  Boston. 

Both  operas  will  be  on  the  same  bill. 

"Embers"  will  be  Child's  first  venture 
into  opera  and  marks  the  first  time  that 
a  relatively  early  work  by  Samuel 
Beckett  is  being  set  to  music. 

Pairing  Bernstein  and  Child  is  the  plan 
of  Alea  III,  a  contemporary  music 
ensemble  affiliated  with  Boston 
University.  The  two  operas  were 
chosen,  according  to  Theodore 
Angoniou,  Alea's  music  director, 
because  one  represents  the  work  of  an 
established  composer,  and  the  other, 
the  work  of  a  promising  younger  artist 
who  "has  already  proven  himself  to  be 
very  good." 

The  double  bill  places  both  composers 
in  good  company,  though  it  will  not  be 
the  first  time  those  two  names  have 
been  hnked.  In  1978,  Child  held  a 
Leonard  Bernstein  Scholarship  at  the 
Berkshire  Music  Center. 

Although  Child  is  many  years  the 
junior  of  Bernstein,  the  30-year-old 
British-born  composer  has 
accumulated  a  list  of  honors, 
scholarships,  printed  praise,  and 
commissioned  work  worthy  of  a  much 
longer  established  presence. 

Presently  an  assistant  professor  of 
music.  Child  is  teaching  in  a 
department  that  has  through  the  years 
had  a  good  share  of  distinguished 
composers.  It  is  also  a  department  that 
in  many  ways  shaped  him  as  an  artist. 
He  came  to  Brandeis  in  1976  as  a  music 
student  enrolled  in  the  master's  of  fine 
arts  program  and  studied  with  such 

Brandeis  teachers  as  Seymour  Shifrin, 
Arthur  Berger  and  Martin  Boykan.  He 
completed  his  MP  A  in  1978  and  his 
Ph.D.  in  music  composition  in  1981,  at 
Brandeis. 


While  earning  his  degrees.  Child 
garnered  scholarships,  fellowships, 
prizes  and  commissions  including  a 
Watson  Fellowship;  a  WGBH 
Radio-Boston  Musica  Viva  Recording 
Prize;  first  prize  in  the  East  and  West 
Artists  Composition  Competition;  a 
"New  Works"  prize  from  the  New 
England  Conservatory;  a  "New 
England  Composer"  prize  from  the 
League  of  Composers  International 
Society  for  Contemporary  Music  and 
the  Margaret  Grant  Memorial  prize  in 
composition  at  the  Berkshire  Music 
Center. 

Recently,  Child  was  one  of  five 
composers  commissioned  to  create 
major  new  works  using  computers  by 
the  Massachusetts  Institute  of 
Technology's  Experimental  Music 
Studio  under  a  grant  by  the 
Massachusetts  Council  on  the  Arts  and 
Humanities.  At  the  world  premiere  m 
Boston  of  an  earlier  work  using  this 
medium,  the  Boston  Globe's  music 
critic  wrote:  "Child  has  put  his  mastery 
of  the  hardware  (the  MIT  Experimental 
Music  Studios)  to  resourceful,  artistic 
purposes.  .  .  .  You  get  the  sense  of  a 
spacious  mental  canvas  being  excitedly 
filled  up  with  discoveries  and  insights 
and  speculations  about  mixtures  of 
sonority,  but  with  a  difference  — a  keen 
sense  of  harmonic  color  and  rhetorical 
device." 

Child  has  received  additional 
commissions  funded  by  the 
Massachusetts  Arts  Council  from  the 
Boston  Musica  Viva  and  the  New 
England  Conservatory  Contemporary 
Ensemble. 

The  world  premiere  of  "Embers"  in 
May  will  demonstrate  the  versatility  of 
this  young  composer. 

The  opera,  based  on  an  early  play  by 
Samuel  Beckett,  uses  two  main 
characters  and  three  small  subsidiary 
ones.  The  chamber  opera  is 
accompanied  by  six  instruments,  a 
departure  from  the  electronic 
compositions  Child  has  successfully 
been  doing. 


After  he  was  commissioned  to  write 
the  opera,  Child  spent  two  months 
looking  for  a  suitable  libretto  and 
eventually  settled  on  Beckett's  play. 
Although  he  didn't  expect  to  be  granted 
permission  from  the  elusive 
playwright,  who  apparently  supervises 
personally  the  granting  of  all  rights  to 
set  his  work  to  music,  permission  was 
granted.  However,  Beckett  provided 
him  not  only  with  a  suitable  text,  but 
also  one  that  helped  enlarge  Child's 
own  creative  musical  boundaries. 
"Largely  due  to  the  stimulus  of  an 
immensely  powerful  text,  writing  this 
opera  has  contributed  enormously  to 
the  development  of  my  musical 
language,"  he  says. 

Working  in  the  contemporary  musical 
mode.  Child  has  little  patience  with 
those  who  grumble  about  the 
inaccessibility  of  contemporary  music. 
"I  believe  people's  rejection  of  new 
music  is,  at  its  worst,  a  form  of  bigotry, 
or  prejudice,"  he  says,  and  notes  that, 
historically,  music  with  a  new  and 
unfamiliar  approach  invariably 
received  vitriolic  rejection  at  its  first 
performance.  "Emotional  and 
intellectual  receptivity  to  new  forms  of 
art  is  the  essential  ingredient  that 
allows  an  individual  to  absorb  what  is 
the  unic]ue,  and  necessary,  message  of 
new  music,"  Child  believes. 

The  public's  refusal  to  confront 
unfamiliar  musical  language  causes 
"principal  performing  organizations  to 
pay  only  token  lip  service  to  new  music 
and  thereby  continue  the  cycle  of 
self-generating  hostility.  The 
economics  of  survival  cause  the  major 
symphony  orchestras  and  opera 
companies,  for  the  most  part,  to  present 
audiences  only  what  they  want  to 
hear,"  he  says. 

The  general  public's  antagonism 
toward  new  music  is  a  rejection  felt  by 
most  contemporary  composers.  Yet 
judging  from  Child's  rising  number  of 
commissions,  and  the  attention  paid  by 
the  popular  press  to  his  work,  neglect 
has  not  been  a  ma)or  problem  for  him.  a 


Creative  Arts  Awards 


The  Goal  is  Absolute 
Excellence 


When  reading  the  roster  ot  medahsts 
and  citation  recipients  in  the  28  year 
history  of  the  Creative  Arts  Awards,  we 
recognize  the  names  of  some  of  the 
most  important  artists  of  the  last  three 
decades.  As  the  years  go  by,  some  of  the 
award  recipients  have  grown  to  almost 
legendary  proportions.  Names  like 
Charles  Chaplin,  Alexander  Calder, 
Vladimir  Nabokov,  Aaron  Copland,  R. 
Buckminster  Fuller,  Martha  Graham, 
or  George  Balanchme.  Individuals  that 
are  synonymous  with  artistic 
excellence. 

Excellence,  whether  fulfilled,  or 
promising,  has  been  the  cntenum  on 
which  the  awards  have  been  made.  As 
Edw^ard  Albee,  chair  of  the  30  member 
Creative  Arts  Commission,  said 
recently,  "The  awards  are  voted  to 
creative  people  by  creative  people,  and 
set  a  standard  of  absolute  excellence 
that  few  other  awards  reach."  Albee 
also  emphasized  that  selections  are 
devoid  of  parochialism,  politics  or  cant, 
which  places  the  Creative  Arts  Awards 
in  a  very  small  and  select  category. 

When  the  awards  were  established  m 
1956,  under  the  sponsorship  of  Trustee 
Jack  Poses  and  his  wife  Lillian,  they 
were  meant  to  stimulate  recognition  of 
outstanding  artistic  creation  in  a 
variety  of  fields.  Their  purpose  was  also 
to  highlight  the  essential  and  vital  role 
of  the  creative  arts  in  this  society  and 
express  the  university's  commitment 
to  support  the  arts. 

Each  year,  the  Creative  Arts 
Commission  selects  a  distinguished 
jury  for  each  category  of  awards.  The 
jury  IS  chaired  by  a  member  of  the 
commission  and  consists  of  artists, 
critics  and  members  of  the  Brandeis 
faculty.  Medals  are  awarded  to  artists  in 
celebration  of  a  lifetime  of  artistic 
achievement,  and  citations  are 
conferred  on  particularly  talented 
artists  in  the  same  fields  who  are  in  the 
earlier  stages  of  their  careers.  The 
Creative  Arts  Commission  presents  a 
special  award  for  Notable 
Achievement  in  the  Creative  Arts. 
Each  category  carries  an  honorarium. 


More  than  220  medals,  citations  and 
special  awards  have  been  given  since 
the  program's  inception.  Many  of  the 
awards  have  gone  to  ensemble  groups 
in  theater  and  dance  or  acting  teams, 
such  as  Alfred  Lunt  and  Lynn 
Fontanne,  medals  winners  for  theater 
m 1972. 

The  first  ceremonies  w  ere  held  at  the 
Ambassador  Hotel  in  New  York  when 
Nelson  Rockefeller,  then  chairman  of 
the  board  of  New  York's  Museum  of 
Modern  Art  made  the  presentations.  In 
1964,  more  than  1,000  guests  of  the 
university  attended  the  awards 
ceremony  at  the  Waldorf  Astoria  Hotel 
when  Brandeis  Trustee-emeritus 
Leonard  Bernstein  was  master-of- 
ceremonies.  Since  1976  the  ceremonies 
have  been  held  at  the  Solomon  R. 
Guggenheim  Museum  in  New  York 
City. 


From  the  beginning,  the  vision  of 
Brandeis  as  a  university  of  excellence 
included  a  commitment  to  the 
Creative  Arts.  That  commitment  was 
important  to  Jack  Poses  and  me,  since 
we  were  devoted  to  Brandeis  and  felt 
strongly  the  obligation  of  individuals 
and  institutions  to  encourage  and 
nurture  the  arts.  Art  is  essential  to  a 
free  society,  we  believed,  and  it  is  a 
better  society  when  it  wholeheartedly 
supports  its  artists  and  recognizes  their 
important  achievements.  This 
Brandeis  does  through  the  Creative 
Arts  Awards  Program.  It  is  a  source  of 
immense  satisfaction  to  me  that  over 
the  past  28  years,  the  university  has 
continued  by  this  program  to  fulfill 
our  original  hopes  and  dreams. 

Lillian  Poses 


Paul  Taylor 


Stephen  Sondheim  Robert  Lowell 


Aaron  Copland 


Charles  Chaplin 


1962  —  Louis  Kronenberger,  Louise  Bogan,  Alexander  Calder, 
Edgard  Varese,  S.  N.  Behrman 


As  chairman  of  the  Brandeis  University    1984  Recipients 
Creative  Arts  Awards  Commission,  it 

IS  my  responsihihty  and  joy  to  sit  in  on 
the  dehberations  of  the  juries  in  each  of 
the  celebrated  disciphnes. 


The  eight  recipients  of  the  1984 
Creative  Arts  medals  and  citations  are: 


The  responsibility  becomes  joy  as  I 
watch  the  generosity  of  spirit,  the  lack 
of  parochialism,  the  bee-line  toward 
absolute  excellence — fashion  and  favor 
pushed  to  one  side — that  informs  these 
awards. 

First  rate  creative  and  critical  minds 
joining  to  honor  the  first  rate — this  is 
what  makes  the  Brandeis  Awards  such 
a  true  honor. 

It  is  the  way  all  awards  should  be  run. 
Indeed,  it  is  probably  the  way  the  world 
should  be  run. 

Edward  Albee 


Isaac  Bashevis  Singer 


Medal  winners 

Sam  Sbepard  (theater  arts)  has  won  the 
Obie  award  on  numerous  occasions  and 
received  the  Pulitzer  prize  in  1979  for 
"Buried  Child." 

fohn  A.  Chamberlain  (sculpture)  was 
cited  by  the  jury  for  work  that  is 
"highly  resolved  in  its  formal  and 
philosophical  concerns" — creations 
that  "have  not  been  achieved  by 
exclusion  but  by  breadth." 

William  Maxweii  (fiction)  is  the  author 
of  numerous  short  stories  and  books 
including  "Time  Will  Darken  It"  and 
"So  Long,  See  you  Tomorrow."  He 
served  as  a  member  of  the  editorial  staff 
of  New  Yorker  magazine  from  1936  to 
1976. 

Jerome  Rabbins  (dance)  is  a 
choreographer  and  director  whose 
credits  include  more  numerous  ballets 
performed  with  maior  dance 
companies  around  the  world,  as  well  as 
Broadway  and  motion  picture 
musicals. 


Citation  recipients: 

Mabou  Mines,  in  the  forefront  of 
experimental  theater  groups  since  its 
founding  in  the  1960s,  was  cited  for 
"challenging  audiences,  extending  the 
life  of  the  avant  garde  and  widening  the 
possibilities  of  theatrical  experience." 

Joel  Shapiro  (sculpture),  who  has  had 
numerous  national  and  international 
shows  and  whose  work  is  displayed  in 
many  maior  museums,  was 
commended  for  art  that  is 
"distinguished  by  its  psychological 
potency  and  sculptural  presence." 

Paula  Fox  (fiction)  was  judged  "an 
American  writer  in  the  tradition  of 
those  masters  who  have  made  the  short 
novel  into  a  high  form  of  artistry." 
Noted  in  particular  was  her  recent 
novel  "Desperate  Characters." 

The  American  School  of  Ballet  (dance), 
the  official  school  of  the  New  York 
City  Ballet,  was  called  the  ideal  school 
for  the  education  of  professional  ballet 
dancers — "setting  great  examples  in 
the  classroom  (and)  on  the  stage." 


Juries  for  1984  Awards 

Fiction; 

Howard  Moss,  chair;  Maureen 
Howard;  Irving  Howc;  Wilfred  Sheed 
and  |ohn  Updike. 

Dance: 

Genevieve  Oswald,  chair;  Mindy  Aloff; 

Beverly  D'Anne;  George  Jackson. 

Sculpture: 

Tom  Armstrong,  chair;  Carl  Belz; 
Victor  Ganz;  Barbara  Haskell;  Donald 
Judd;  William  Lieberman. 

Theater  Arts: 

Richard  Barr,  chair;  Mel  Gussow; 

Martin  Halpeni;  Terrence  McNally. 

Edward  Albee  serves  ex-ofticio  on  all  lunes. 


Helen  Hayes 


George  Balanchine 


Louise  Nevelson 


Claes  Oldenburg 


Painting 


Paul  Georges 


"On  any  list  of  cnntcmporary  painters, 
the  name  of  Paul  Georges  would  have 
to  be  written  large.  For  more  than  30 
years  he  has  patiently  upheld  the  great 
realist  tradition  without  making 
concessions  to  wide  or  popular  taste. 
He  is  a  persona/  artist  in  the  best  sense 
of  the  word,"  wrote  the  art  reviewer  for 
the  Chicago  Tribune  last  year  when 
Georges'  work  was  being  shown  in  a 
Chicago  gallery.  He  added,  "still-life, 
landscape,  portraiture — how  rare  it  is  to 
find  a  contemporary  artist  who  has 
mastered  even  one.  But  Georges  is 
equally  adept  at  them  all,  and  he  owes 
nothing  to  photorealist  sham.  His  is 
painting  without  the  trendiness  that 
can  pass  as  an  alibi.  It  is  painting  in  the 
grand  style." 

Similar  sentiments  have  been 
expressed  through  the  years  as  Georges' 
work  IS  viewed  in  maior  museums  and 
galleries  and  in  public  and  private 
collections.  His  work  is  in  the  Museum 
of  Modern  Art,  the  Whitney  Museum, 
the  Hirshorn  Collection  and  MIT, 
among  others.  The  Rose  Art  Museum 
had  an  exhibit  of  his  work  in  1 98 1 . 

Professor  Georges  was  one  of  the 
founders  and  is  Chairman  of  the  Board 
of  Artists  of  the  Artists  Choice 
Museum,  in  New  York  City.  Its 
obiective  is  to  provide  encouragement 
and  exhibit  space  for  works  of  artists 
that  may  run  counter  to  conventional 
modern  art. 

Georges  has  been  at  Brandeis  since 
1977,  where  he  teaches  courses  in 
painting  theory  and  practice  and 
drawing. 


10 


11 


eater 


Costume 
Design 


umes  on  a  stage  are  an  integral  part 
heatncal  production  and  their 
ion  requires  talent  and  training. 
3ugh  period  plays  requiring 
ffate  costumes  make  the  artistry  of 
igner  more  obvious,  a  spare, 
:rn  script  demands  equal  talent.  In 
production,  the  costume  designer 
interpret  the  playwright's  intent 
he  director's  vision. 

3randeis  Master's  of  Fine  Arts  in 
ter  program  trains  students  to  be 
;d  craftspeople  knowledgeable 
t  the  arts.  The  costume  design 
am,  under  the  direction  of 
■een  Heneghan  Tripp,  requires 
student  to  design  three, 
■times  four,  complete  productions 
h  are  staged  in  Spingold  Theater, 
itudents'  research  notes  and 
hes  serve  as  entrance  to  the  union, 
essary  association  for  costume 
n  professionals.  Many  pass  the 
3us  United  Scenic  Artists 
ination  and  remain  in  New  York, 
?  others  design  for  regional 
ers  and  productions  on  college 
luses.  Still  others  become  film  and 
ision  image  makers. 

al  graduates  have  gone  on  to 
;ssive  careers  and  professional 
•d.  Among  them  are  |ulie  Weiss 
/ho  designed  her  first  production 
orris  Carnovsky's  Henry  IV  Part  I 
e  Spingold  stage  in  1971.  Her 
mes  for  the  Broadway  production 
:  Elephant  Man  received  a  Tony 
nation.  Her  classmate,  Charles 
ler  '71,  has  received  accolades  for 
ork  at  the  Mark  Taper  Forum  in 
mgeles.  Frances  Blau  '78,  designs 
;  Cleveland  Playhouse  and  )ean 
cman  '82  is  costume  designer  at 
on  College. 


Maureen  Heneghan  Tripp,  associate 
professor  of  theater  arts,  who  heads  the 
costume  design  program,  taught  and 
designed  at  Harvard  and  Boston 
Universities  before  coming  to  Brandeis 
in  1958.  Bom  and  educated  in  London, 
she  won  honors  in  costume  design 
while  still  a  student.  Before  coming  to 
the  United  States,  she  designed-for  the 
Royal  Opera  House  in  Covent  Garden, 
England,  and  was  the  designer  for  the 
Stratford-Upon-Avon  Theater  for  three 
years,  the  company  headed  by  Sir 
Laurence  Olivier.  Other  credits  include 
designing  for  B.B.C.  television  and 
C.B.C.  television  in  Toronto,  Canada. 
While  teaching  at  Brandeis  she  has 
continued  to  work  professionally,  most 
recently  as  a  consultant  for  the  San 
Francisco  Opera. 

At  Brandeis,  she  is  assisted  by  Mabel 
Haley,  from  Argentina,  and  Denise 
Loewunguth,  from  France. 


Above  left;  MaratlSade.  1973,  costumes  by 
lames  Franklin,  Getting  Married.  1970, 
costumes  by  [ulie  Weiss  '7 L  Below; 
Midsummer  Night's  Dream.  197(S, 
costumes  by  Maureen  Heneghan  Tripp.  All 
were  staged  in  Spingold  Theater, 


Bobbie  Frankel  received  her  Master's  of 
Fine  Arts  in  Costume  Design  m  1982  at 
Brandeis,  and  by  graduation  had  already 
accumulated  a  long  list  of  credits  tor 
her  design  work.  She  was  deemed  so 
accomplished  that  when  she  apphed  for 
membership  in  the  United  Scenic 
Artists  Costume  Designers  union  she 
was  accepted  without  taking  the 
customary  examination.  Her  credits 
include  designing  costumes  for  He 
Who  Gets  Slapped  at  Brandeis  and  the 
Odyssey  II  series  for  Public 
Broadcasting  Associates.  She  held  a 
Warner  Communication  Fellowship  in 
1980.  She  IS  currently  working  on  the 
Broadway  musical  Fanny  slated  to  open 
this  summer. 


Above;  Sketches  by  Bobbie  Frankel  iorA 
Doctor  in  Spite  of  Himself.  1966,  and  below 
ior  He  Who  Gets  Slapped.  1980. 


13 


Fiction 


Letting  Her  Fall 


by  Susan  Monsky  '73 


Grandma  Rittcr,  whom  s'cars  before  my  cousin  l^an  and  I 
had  named  Jennie-Bitch,  wailed  and  moaned  at  Aunt 
Greta's  funeral.  That  was  on  Easter  Sunday,  1976,  one  week 
before  my  twenty-fifth  birthday.  She  screamed  and  howled 
and  made  a  scene.  Later  she  wondered  what  people  had 
thought  of  her.  "I  did  not  even  thank  Minnie  Safer  for  the 
salad,"  she  mourned. 

Grandma  had  not  been  able  to  dress  herself  for  her 
daughter's  service.  I  tried  to  thread  her  skinny, 
unsubmissive  arms  through  the  sleeves  of  a  gray  Imen  suit, 
a  three-piece  garment  she  boasted,  even  through  her  grief, 
had  lasted  her  six  seasons  —  and  would  be  good  for  at  least 
two  more. 

"No  one  takes  such  good  care  of  their  clothing.  No  one  cares 
the  way  I  do,"  she  had  instructed  me  habitually  since  I  was  a 
little  girl  hard  on  my  clothes.  "I  get  wear  from  my  apparel.  I 
always  get  so  much  wear.  Because  I  learned  htiw  to  take  care 
of  my  belongings  many  years  ago,"  she  said,  "when  we 
didn't  have  anything." 

I  needed  very  badly  for  Grandma  to  let  me  take  charge  of 
making  her  ready  for  that  day.  It  was  the  only  way  I  was 
going  to  get  through.  Aunt  Greta  and  I  had  been  painfully 
close.  Aunt  Greta  had  been  my  grandmother's  favorite 
child.  Cordoning  myself  off  with  Grandma  gave  me 
something  real  to  do,  an  essential  task  to  execute.  I  did  not 
want  to  talk  to  all  those  family  and  friends  filtering  in  and 
out  of  my  parents'  home  that  morning,  bringing  food,  extra 
serving  dishes,  and  flatware  for  the  gathering  later  that 
afternoon.  But,  of  course,  my  grandmother  —  always 
independent  —  would  not  allow  me  to  take  her  in  control. 
Instead,  she  droned  on  and  on  about  the  reciprocity  between 
herself  and  her  wardrobe,  while  I  struggled  with  her 
extremities.  At  the  very  least,  I  was  able  to  keep  her  at  bay 
from  my  mother  who  had  been  suffering  with  her  sister's 
illness  for  almost  three  years  now,  and  today  was  stunned 
with  sadness.  My  mother  was  barely  thirteen  months 
younger  than  Aunt  Greta.  Both  beautiful  women,  they  had 
been  like  twins. 

As  long  as  I  can  remember,  I  had  resented  my  grandmother 
for  my  incapacity  to  manage.  Jennie  Ritter  had  never  hidden 
from  me  —  or,  for  that  matter,  from  anyone  else  —  her  grave 
disappointment  in  my  lack  of  dexterity.  To  this  day,  I  will 
avoid  putting  in  a  hem.  I  am  lennie  Ritter's  only 
granddaughter,  and  what  a  shame,  for,  in  the  traditional 
"female"  sense,  I  am  no  good  with  my  hands.  According  to 
Grandma,  if  I  would  only  submit  to  using  my  hands  more,  I 
could  be  married  within  the  week. 

Last  month  on  my  thirty-second  birthday.  Grandma  called 
me  in  the  middle  of  the  day  at  the  design  firm  where  I  work 
in  Cambridge,  Massachusetts.  She  urged  me  to  save  my  face 
with  the  gift  certificate  she  had  reserved  for  me  for  a 
cosmetic  consultation  at  Yout  Countenance  on  Madison 
Avenue.  She  went  into  one  of  her  familiar  hard-sells. 


Susan  Monsky,  '73,  had  her 

first  novel.  Midnight 
Suppers,  published  last  year 
by  Houghton  Mifflin 
Publishing  Company.  She 
was  awarded  the  Kenan 
Giant  by  Phillips  Academy 
in  1 982  and  the  Henfield 
Foundation  Award  in  1981. 
She  was  a  teaching  fellow  in 
English  and  Creative 
Writing  at  Boston 
University.  Currently  she 


teaches  fiction  at  Harvard's 
Summer  School  and  an 
advanced  fiction  workshop 
at  Harvard  Extension 
School.  She  is  also 
Co-Writer  in  Residence  at 
Emerson  College.  Monsky 
also  w^rites  a  book  review 
column  for  The  Boston 
Globe.  "Letting  Her  Fall"  is 
excerpted  here  from  a  longer 
story  which  will  be  the 
basis  of  a  novel. 


"Miriam,  I'm  very  sorry  you've  turned  into  such  a  lonely  girl." 
A  long  pause. 


14 


"The  Blumenthal  twins,  Miriam.  Have  you  kept  up  with  organ.  "No  sweeter  man  has  ever  hved,"  she  would  often 

them;  lust  you  look  at  those  girls.  They've  certainly  got  say  in  a  continuous  litany  of  adoration. 

nothing  to  brag  about  —  certainly  not  in  the  area  of  their 

looks  —  but  you  sec  how  they  both  got  themselves  such  "No  sweeter  man  has  ever  lived  without  a  spine,"  my 

good  husbands.  Such  fine  boys.  Now,  that  Ralph  Lesser.  Dt)  mother  would  correct. 

you  know  he  has  five  stores  now.  In  the  malls!  Now,  they've 

got  themselves  all  set.  Just  you  look.  If  they  can  do  it,  so  can  To  that,  my  aunt  would  reply,  "Oh,  damn  you,  Myma.  I 

you.  I  never  did  understand  why  your  mother  let  you  go  to  swear.  Damn  you,  Myma.  You're  getting  more  like  Mother 

those  schools."  everyday." 


Mt.  Holyoke  and  Yale  School  of  Art  and  Architecture. 

"Why  Myma  ever  let  you  fall  into  that  brainy  set,  I'll  just 
never  know.  Those  fancy  schools.  What  does  it  get  a  girl, 
Miriam?  You  tell  me.  And,  Greta,  I  only  say  this  because  I 
love  you.  It's  just  not  good  for  a  girl  to  be  all  alone  the  way 
you  are." 

I  do  not  even  pay  attention  to  the  fact  that  Grandma  has 
once  again  called  me  "Greta,"  but  she  realizes  her  error  and 
clamps  down  on  my  name.  "Miriam.  Miriam.  Miriam." 

After  the  evocation  of  my  name,  even  through  the 
telephone  wires,  I  am  able  to  experience  my  grandmother's 
genuine  fear  for  my  well-being.  I  know  just  how  vigorously 
she  is  shaking  her  head;  I  hear  just  how  deep  a  sigh  she  is 
expelling  straight  from  her  heart;  just  how  tightly  she  is 
clutching  the  receiver. 


"Myma,  is  that  you?  Are  you  here  too? "  Grandma  called  out 
to  my  mother,  who  had  just  entered  the  room,  and  her 
youngest  daughter  immediately  fled  that  bedroom,  warning 
me  in  her  speed,  "You  shouldn't  have  to  do  this  now, 
Miriam."  She  spat  out  my  name  again.  "Miriam.  I  should  be 
handling  this.  She's  my  mother." 

Indeed,  Grandma  had  always  had  a  much  firmer  possession 
of  my  mother  than  of  her  favored  girl.  My  mother  was  the 
good  one.  Submissive.  No  challenge. 

In  the  spring  of  1934,  just  before  Dan  and  I  turned  three,  my 
grandfather,  Abraham  Ritter,  was  taken  suddenly  by  a 
massive  coronary.  He  had  been  a  miserable  failure  in  his 
lifetime,  entirely  lacking  in  business  sense  and  humility. 
Each  of  his  money-making  schemes,  most  of  which 
involved  precious  gems,  had  been  wilder  than  the  next.  He 
traveled  a  great  deal,  no  doubt  tracking  after  the  family 
funds  he  was  so  adept  at  losing.  I  look  at  my  grandparents' 
wedding  pictures.  My  grandmother,  who  had  a  fine,  robust 
figure,  wears  a  resolute  dark  suit;  Grandpa  Abe,  a  big, 
strapping  man,  is  staring  off  into  space.  If,  indeed,  my 
grandmother  did  earn  our  nickname  for  her  through  the 
years,  she  could,  nevertheless,  at  least  in  regards  to  her 
relationship  with  Catastrophic  Abe,  be  seen  as  anything  less 
than  a  victim  of  hit-and-run.  My  own  father,  in  fact,  had 
moved  the  aging  couple  from  St.  Louis  and  set  them  up  in  a 
small  apartment  complex  near  us  in  Westchester.  At  the 
end  of  her  marriage,  Grandma  had  no  resources  of  her  own. 

The  severity  of  her  father's  heart  attack,  however.  Aunt 
Greta  always  seemed  to  correlate  to  the  size  of  his  afflicted 


After  her  father's  death.  Aunt  Greta  would  not  allow  Jennie 
Ritter  to  come  live  with  her.  And  Jennie  Ritter  would  never 
forgive  her  that.  My  mother  and  father,  though,  the  dutiful 
pair,  stepped  in  to  do  the  work  of  family.  Grandma  moved  in 
with  us.  However,  Grandma,  of  course,  was  technically  free 
to  come  and  go  and  roam  through  Aunt  Greta's  home  as  she 
pleased  (she  even  had  a  key),  but  it  was  not  the  key  to  her 
oldest  daughter's  house  that  she  wanted;  she  had  expected  a 
bed  there.  Always  we  want  what  we  cannot  have. 

The  logical  choice  of  keeper  for  her,  according  to  Aunt 
Greta,  would  have  been  Uncle  Jack.  He  was  so  easy-going 
that  Jennie  had  never  dared  to  make  any  claims  on  her  son's 
personality.  Nothingever  bothered  Uncle  Jack,  but  he  lived 
so  far  away  —  in  Chicago.  No  doubt,  though,  had  Grandma 
gone  to  live  with  him  and  Aunt  Lou,  her  daughters  would 
have  been  able  to  romanticize  their  mother's  absence.  They 
might  have  remembered  how  "close"  they  had  all  been  in 
St.  Louis.  "We  girls,"  they  might  have  referred  to 
themselves.  If  Grandma  had  only  moved  to  Chicago,  her 
"girls"  would  have  been  able  to  welcome  her  home  on  long 
visits;  they  could  have  sat  with  her  at  either  of  their  kitchen 
tables  when  she  retumcd.  They  might  have  done  needle 
work  together  or  anything  else  that  would  have  made  them 
happy  with  their  hands.  But  another  of  my  grandmother's 
hard  and  fast  rules  was  that  a  mother  does  not  impose  upon 
her  son.  And  Aunt  Lou,  after  all,  was  a  Unitarian.  "She 
keeps  a  dirty  home,"  Grandma  always  commented  after  her 
stays  there.  "Her  ways  are  not  ours,"  she  judged. 

I  could  not  blame  my  mother  for  not  wanting  to  be  close  to 
Grandma  the  day  of  Aunt  Greta's  funeral. 

"Cora.  Cora,"  her  stretched  and  terrified  voice  screamed 
toward  the  kitchen.  "Cora,  I  am  not  m  control.  Take  care  of 
my  mother  now.  Please  just  come  in  here  and  take  care  of 
Mother." 

Cora  Powell  had  worked  for  my  family  for  over  twenty 
years.  Family.  No  one  knew  better  than  she  how  to  handle 
Grandma.  I  envied  Cora  what  seemed  her  effortless  ability 
to  manipulate  my  grandmother  kindly. 

"Here  now,  Mrs.  Jennie,  you  put  that  strong  right  arm  right 
in  through  here.  That's  it.  There,"  Cora  said. 

"Arthur  told  Myma  not  to  take  me  to  the  funeral  home, 
Cora,  but  I'm  going,"  Grandma  said.  "What  mother 
wouldn't?  My  child.  My  baby  Greta.  My  little  Greta.  Why 
wouldn't  they  tell  me?  No  one  would  tell  me.  No  one  here 
knows,  Cora.  No  one  here  knows  what  it  means  to  lose  a 
child  like  this.  No  one." 


15 


"Greta  knows,"  Cora  said  to  my  grandmother  and  then 
tumed  to  me.  "Child,"  she  said,  "Mimi,  your  Aunt  Greta 
loved  your  grandma,  but,  Lo-ord,  she  couldn't  stand  her." 

I  shook  my  head  "no,"  wanting  to  protect  us  all,  but, 
oblivious.  Grandma  said,  "I  want  to  wear  the  jade  brooch 
my  precious  Greta  gave  me."  Cora  had  trouble  with  the 
clasp,  perhaps  on  purpose,  and  immediately  Grandma 
focused,  took  command.  "Oh,  here,  Cora,  I  can  do  that  by 
myself.  I  haven't  forgetten  how  to  do  that  sort  of  thing  —  not 
yet.  See  this  lovely  lovely  brooch  my  precious  gave  me.  She 
gave  me  so  much.  She  was  so  good  to  me.  It's  from  the 
Orient.  Did  you  Anow  that?" 

Jennie-Bitch  took  the  piece  away  from  Cora,  fingered  it  for  a 
few  moments,  and  then,  with  deft  precision,  she  attached  it 
to  her  bosom.  It  was  like  a  milky  green  eye  pinned  to  her 
chest.  Cora's  strategy  had  worked. 

Grandma  stared  down  at  the  simple  oval  omament,  gazing 
cross-eyed  into  the  face  of  the  pm  as  if  it  might  have  been 
Aunt  Greta  herself,  seeking  forgiveness.  But  then  the  old 
woman  snatched  the  brooch  off  her  jacket  and  hurled  it 
across  the  room  with  all  of  her  strength.  The  brooch  hit  the 
full  length  mirror  with  a  musical  plink  and  then  was  lost  to 
sight  in  the  thick  green  carpet.  But  Cora  retrieved  the 
jewelry.  She  stomped  back  over  to  Grandma  who  was 
sitting  on  the  end  of  her  bed,  and  Cora  took  her  by  the 
shoulders  as  if  she  were  a  child  she  was  going  to  have  to 
shake  hard  —  a  last  resort  to  make  her  behave. 

"You  wear  this  pin,  Mrs.  Jermie.  You  want  to  wear  this  pin, 
so  you  wear  it.  You  hear  me?"  And  Cora  fastened  it  back 
onto  her  charge's  chest. 

Grandma  could  not  give  up.  "You  snagged  my  coat,"  she 
cried.  "You  snagged  my  pretty  coat." 

At  the  funeral  home.  Grandma  would  not  leave  her 
daughter's  coffin.  "Kiss  your  Aunt  Greta.  Kiss  your 
mother,"  she  said  to  Lewis  and  Joe.  Daniel  had  refused  to 
come  into  the  "visiting  chamber." 

"Lord  Jesus,"  he  had  said,  "Mom  doesn't  want  to  be  on 
display  like  this.  Who's  responsible?  I  need  to  know  who's 
in  charge  here." 

"Kiss  your  sister, "  Grandma  directed  my  mother  and  Uncle 
Jack.  They  obeyed  as  if  they  were  children  submitting  to 
their  mother's  instruction  to  be  polite  to  a  departing  dinner 
guest. 

"Oh,  just  once  more.  Oh,  just  once  more,"  she  demanded. 
"Let  me  kiss  my  Greta  goodbye  just  one  more  time.  Oh,  see 
her  pretty  dress.  Evan  brought  it  back  to  Greta  from  New 
York  for  New  Year's.  This  New  Year's."  Grandma  was 
obviously  speaking  of  some  New  Year's  long  past;  Evan 
Rothman,  whom  my  aunt  had  always  called  "that  big  bag  of 
wind,"  except  where  money  matters  were  concerned,  had 
been  entirely  out-of-touch  with  his  ex-wife  for  the  past 
seven  years. 

"And  no  one  would  tell  me.  Why  wouldn't  anyone  tell  me 


what  was  so  wrong  all  this  time  ?  This  New  Year's  —  he  had 
It  made  for  her.  An  Italian  designer.  He's  been  good  to  me 
too.  Evan  has  been  good  to  me.  Even  afterwards,  he  sent  me 
cards  on  all  the  occasions.  He  is  a  good  boy.  No  one  should 
say  he  isn't." 

Jennie-Bitch  stroked  Aunt  Greta's  satin  sash  and  then 
played  at  an  opal  button  at  Aunt  Greta's  neck  as  if  to 
straighten  something  out  for  them  both.  "Lovely,"  she  said. 
"Lovely  Greta  always  looks  so  fine  in  pale  colors."  Grandma 
was  taking  true  pleasure  now.  Aunt  Greta  had  not  been  so 
attentive  to  her  in  years. 

I  had  moved  just  outside  the  entrance  to  Aunt  Greta's  room. 
Lydia  Blumenthal,  Lisa  and  Linda's  mother,  approached  me. 
"Mimi,  darling.  It's  so  good  to  see  you.  It  seems  like  years.  I 
understand  you're  doing  such  interesting  things  these  days. 
We  always  knew  what  interesting  things  you  would 
accomplish  one  day.  And,  dear,  you  look  so  lovely,  so  well. 
Svelte." 

I  was  tempted  to  tell  her  that  for  the  most  part,  I  just 
designed  fancy  kitchens  for  rich  clients  like  herself,  that, 
honestly,  it  was  little  more  than  manual  labor.  I  had  enough 
of  my  mother  in  me  to  thwart  that  impulse  though,  and, 
besides,  Lydia  Blumenthal  had  expected  no  response.  Her 
gaze  was  now  fixed  on  the  mother  and  child  in  the  center  of 
the  room.  "Oh  dear,  how  sorry  I  feel  for  her,"  she  said. 

Uncle  Jack  and  my  father  moved  in  close  on  Grandma  to 
bear  her  away  from  the  casket.  But  Grandma  held  on  to  its 
side  as  if  it  were  the  edge  of  a  precipice  onto  which  she  was 
clinging  for  her  life.  Adhering  herself  to  the  chair  in  which 
she  had  been  attending  her  eldest  daughter,  she  refused  any 
offer  of  assistance  to  leave.  "No.  No.  No,  no,  no.  Get  away 
from  me  right  this  minute.  You  get  away  from  me  now.  I 
mean  that.  You're  both  being  such  bad  bad  boys." 

I  moved  back  into  the  center  of  the  room,  once  again  hoping 
that  I  could  make  something  right  with  Grandma.  "This  is 
so  painful,"  Uncle  Jack  said  to  me.  I  stared  at  Aunt  Greta, 
fascinated.  She  looked  like  a  waxed  statue.  The  lipstick  she 
was  wearing  was  much  darker  than  the  shades  she  usually 
chose. 

Several  years  ago,  when  my  grandmother's  oldest  brother, 
Nathan,  died,  his  son  —  an  Elizabethan  scholar  —  had 
insisted  that  his  father's  marker  bear  the  Shakespearean 
inscription  (something  to  this  effect):  "Good  Prince  Hal, 
he's  not  gone;  he's  away."  At  the  unveiling  ceremony.  Aunt 
Greta  had  called  me  aside  for  one  of  her  lessons.  "Don't  let 
anyone  ever  try  to  fool  you,  Mimi.  That  man's  not  away. 
He's  gone!" 

Aunt  Greta's  timing,  the  way  she  had  elongated  gone  to 
emphasize  the  stark  truth  of  her  pronouncement,  had  made 
us  both  laugh  —  something  we  often  did  at  family 
occasions.  Rabbi  Eisenstein,  who,  because  of  his 
Alzheimers,  would  not  be  officiating  for  Aunt  Greta,  had 
approached  us.  We  giggled  on,  but  had  the  grace  to  hide  our 
faces  in  an  embrace.  Eisenstein  huddled  with  us,  trying  his 
best  to  provide  comfort.  "I  know  just  how  hard  this  sort  of 

Continued  on  page  1 7 


16 


Around  the  University 


Week-long 
Celebrations  Mark 
25th  Year  of  Wien 
International  Program 


President  Evelyn  E.  Handler 
congratulates  Arthur  F.  Burns.  U.S. 
Ambassador  to  West  Germany,  as 
he  receives  an  honorary  degree. 
Dean  of  the  Faculty  Anne  Carter  is 
on  the  left. 


The  Wien  International 
Scholarship  Program,  one  of 
the  nation's  largest  privately 
funded  scholarship 
programs  for  foreign 
students,  celebrated  its  25th 
anniversary  last  fall. 

The  celebration,  called 
"International  Week  at 
Brandeis,"  culminated  with 
the  awarding  of  honorary' 
degrees  to  three  prominent 
individuals  that  have  made 
substantial  contnbutions  to 
international  relations. 
They  were  Robert  O. 
Anderson,  chairman  of 
Atlantic  Richfield 
Corporation,  Arthur  F. 
Bums,  United  States 
Ambassador  to  West 
Germany  and  Henry  R. 
Labouisse,  former  director  of 
UNICEF.  Wien  alumni  from 
around  the  world  returned  to 
the  campus  to  loin  in  the 
celebration. 

In  addition  to  granting 
honorary  degrees,  the 
convocation  featured  talks 
by  President  Evelyn  E. 
Handler,  Lawrence  Wien 
and  Wien  scholar 
Ehr-fci-Lui. 

Week-long  events  included 
academic  colloquia  with  an 
international  theme,  music, 
dance,  film  and  handicraft 
exhibits,  an  international 
food  bazaar  and  even  a 
mini-Olympics. 

The  scholarship  program, 
endowed  in  1958  by 
Lawrence  A.  Wien,  a  Board 
of  Trustees  member  and 
former  chairman,  has 
enabled  nearly  600  students 


from  89  countnes  to  study  in 
America. 

Recognized  by  political  and 
educational  leaders  around 
the  world,  the  Wien 
International  Scholarship 
Program  was  honored  by 
President  Reagan  and  Sen. 
Edward  Kennedy,  who  sent 
congratulatory  letters  to 
Wien,  and  Massachusetts 
Governor  Michael  Dukakis, 
who  issued  a  proclamation 
noting  Wien's  contributions 
to  education  and 
international 
understanding. 


Dana  Foundation 
Awards  Brandeis 
$285,000  Grant 

The  Charles  A.  Dana 
Foundation  of  New  York 
City  has  awarded  Brandeis 
University  a  $285,000  grant 
to  recruit  and  retain  four 
new  junior  faculty  members 
in  the  social  sciences, 
creative  arts  or  humanities. 

Known  as  Dana  Faculty 
Fellows,  two  junior  faculty 
members  will  assume 
full-time,  tenure  track 
positions  in  these 
disciplines  by  September 
1984.  Two  additional  junior 
members  will  join  the 
faculty  by  September  of  the 
following  year. 

The  5285,000  award  to 
Brandeis  is  among  the  first 
grants  presented  by  the  Dana 
Foundation  to  assist  in 
faculty  development. 


Candidates  for 
Presidential 
Nomination  to  Appear 
at  Brandeis  Forum 

The  candidates  ior  the 
Democratic  nomination  for 
president  spoke  on  campus 
this  spring  as  part  of  the 
newly  formed  Brandeis 
Forum.  The  hour-long 
session  with  each  candidate 
included  a  brief  opening 
statement  followed  by 
questions  from  a  panel  of 
invited  journalists  and 
students  and  questions  from 
the  audience. 

The  Forum  also  includes  a 
series  of  seminars  scheduled 
to  take  place  later  in  the 
semester,  that  will  feature 
pollsters,  campaign 
strategists,  and  party  leaders 
who  will  interpret  the 
nominating  process  as  the 
candidates  prepare  for  the 
national  conventions. 

According  to  President 
Evelyn  E.  Handler,  the 
Forum  was  established  on 
campus  in  order  to  educate 
the  community  not  only 
about  the  specific  candidates 
and  major  issues  but  also  to 
explain  the  mechanics  of  a 
nominating  process. 

The  moderator  for  the  panel 
sessions  was  J.  loseph 
Grandmaison,  a  nationally 
recognized  political 
consultant  who  also  served 
as  the  director  of  the  Forum. 


Applications  up  27.2 
percent 

As  of  February  9, 
applications  for  next  fall's 
freshman  class  are  running 
27.2  percent  ahead  of  last 
year,  a  fact  that  David  L. 
Gould,  dean  of  admissions 
calls  "very  good  news  for  the 
Brandeis  community." 

In  addition,  early  decision 
applicants,  those  who  have 
designated  Brandeis  their 
first  choice,  are  running  55 
percent  ahead  of  last  year 
and  13  percent  ahead  of  1982 

As  of  February  9,  admissions 
has  received  3,148 
applications  for  the  750 


openings  in  the  freshman 
class,  compared  to  2,474 
applications  at  the  same 
time  last  year. 

"We're  delighted,  and  we 
continue  to  look  forward  to  a 
hard-working  spring  ,getting 
the  best  to  matriculate," 
said  Gould.  Spnng  activities 
aimed  at  this  goal  include 
campus  visits  by  prospective 
students  and  receptions  for 
them  around  the  country. 
The  highlight  is  the  annual 
Spring  Thing,  April  lO-II, 
when  300  to  500  accepted 
students  are  expected  to 
visit  the  campus  —  sleeping 
in  dormitories,  attending 
classes  and  participating  in 
university  activities. 


$1  Million  Endowment 
for  Chair  in  Theater 
Arts  at  Brandeis 

A  $  I  million  gift  to  endow  a 
chair  m  theater  arts  has  been 
given  by  retired  New  Jersey 
industrialist  Irving  Laurie. 

President  Evelyn  E.  Handler 
said  the  new  Laurie  Chair  in 
Theater  Arts  "is  a  major 
contribution  to  the 
university's  commitment  to 
maintain  a  theater  faculty  of 
outstanding  artists  and 
scholars." 

Laurie,  of  New  Brunswick, 
N.I.,  endowed  the  chair  in 
memory  of  his  wife, 
Blanche,  and  daughter,  Edith 
Barbara.  This  is  his  second 
major  gift  to  theater  at 
Brandeis. 

Shortly  after  his  daughter's 
death  in  1965,  Laurie 
established  the  Edith 
Barbara  Laurie  Theater  at 
the  university  to 
memorialize  the  young 
playwright  who  had  just 
begun  her  career  when  she 
was  stncken  with  cancer. 

The  Laurie  Theater  within 
the  Spingold  Theater  Arts 
Center  is  used  chiefly  to  give 
plays  written  by  faculty  and 
students  their  first  critical 
tryouts. 

Laurie  has  been  a  fellow  of 
the  university  since  1968, 
and  is  a  patron  of  the  Rose 
Art  Museum. 


lA 


Book  Marks 
English  Program's 
30th  Anniversary 

The  30th  anniversary  of 
Brandeis'  first  graduate 
program,  Enghsh,  is  being 
marked  in  an  unusual  way 
—  by  the  publication  of  a 
volume  of  literary  criticism 
and  original  works, 
"Brandeis  Essays  in 
Literature." 

"The  department  has  had  a 
rich  tradition  of  creative 
writers  on  its  regular  faculty 
or  as  visiting  professors," 
said  lohn  Hazel  Smith, 
professor  of  English  and 
editor  of  the  book. 

The  volume  includes 
literary  criticisms  by  some 
of  the  department's  current 
and  emeritus  faculty:  ludith 
Ferster,  |.  V.  Cunningham, 
Smith,  Victor  Hams.  Susan 
Staves,  Philip  Fisher, 
Michael  T.  Gilmore,  Karen 
Klein,  Milton  Hindus,  Allen 
Grossman,  Jim  Merod  and 
Peter  Swiggart,  as  well  as  a 
small  portfolio  of  poems  by 
Demse  Levertov,  Grossman 
and  Cunningham. 

I.  V.  Cunningham  came  to 
Brandeis  in  1953  with  the 
charge  of  launcliing graduate 
work  m  English  and 
Amencan  literature.  He 
recruited  the  first  class  of 
students,  who  began  the 
program  in  September,  1954. 
Since  then,  1 58  doctorates 
have  been  awarded  by  the 
department. 

The  idea  of  a  book  to  mark 
this  30th  anniversary  was 
conceived  two  years  ago  as  a 
volume  of  scholarly  critical 
pieces  about  literature. 

"There  was  never  an 
intention  to  focus  the  essays 
on  a  single  topic  or  critical 
approach,"  said  Smith.  "If  all 
of  the  contnbutions  were  to 
be  from  within  the 
department  and  a  wide 


representation  of 
contributors  was  to  be 
included,  there  was  scarcely 
a  way  of  achieving  unity,  for 
the  department,  though 
relatively  small  as  befits  a 
small  university,  is  quite 
diverse  in  its  interests. 

"In  fact,  the  collection  is  a 
partial  microcosm  of  the 
trends  in  literary  criticism 
over  the  past  30  years,"  he 
said,  adding  that  a  "very 
great"  distance  separates 
Cunningham's 
"Shakespeare:  Three 
Textural  Notes"  with  either 
Merod's  "On  the  Use  of 
Bookshelves"  or  Swiggart's 
"Criticism  and  the  New 
Poetics." 

There  also  was  no  conscious 
attempt  to  achieve  such 
vanety.  "Literary  criticism 
is  a  living  organism,  for  it  is  a 
product  of  living  beings  — 
each  one  learning  from 
elders  and  thus  being 
influenced  by  them,  but 
then  going  wherever  his  or 
her  own  talents  and  interests 
lead,"  Smith  said. 

The  first  copy  of  the  book 
was  presented  to  Alan 
Levitan,  chairman  of  the 
English  Department,  at  a 
recent  reception  marking 
the  anniversary. 

Additional  copies  of 
"Brandeis  Essays  in 
Literature"  are  available  for 
$15  each  through  the 
English  Department. 


Gillis  Appointed 
Executive  Vice 
President 


Tuition  Going  Up 

The  Board  of  Trustees 
approved  a  9.4  percent 
increase  in  tuition  for  the 
1984-85  school  year.  The 
$800  increase  brings  tuition 
to  $9,350.  Total 
undergraduate  charges, 
including  rotmi  and  board, 
are  $13,575. 

President  Evelyn  E.  Handler 
said  that  an  increase  in 
university  aid  for  students 
will  be  about  equal  to  the 
increase  in  charges.  Nearly 
two-thirds  of  the  school's 
2,750  undergraduates 
receive  some  financial  aid, 
including  direct  grants  and 
loans. 


Arthur  L.  Gillis  has  been 
appointed  to  the  newly 
created  position  of 
Executive  Vice  President  for 
Finance  and  Administrative 
Affairs. 

He  is  expected  to  put  maior 
emphasis  on  developing  a 
new  budgeting  process,  seek 
creative  financing  for  fiscal 
needs,  coordinate  financial 
and  administrative  affairs, 
and  re-examine  deferred 
maintenance  priorities. 

Before  coming  to  Brandeis  he 

was  vice-president  for 
finance  and  administration 
and  professor  of 
administration  at  the 
University  of  Connecticut  at 
Storrs. 

Gillis  previously  served  as 
associate  vice  chancellor  at 
the  University  of  California, 
San  Francisco;  assistant  to 
the  provost.  University  of 
Iowa;  assistant  director. 
National  Educational 
Finance  Proiect  at  the 
University  of  Illinois,  and  as 
a  teacher  in  the  Chicago 
Public  Schools. 


Summer  School 
Registration  is  Open 

Brandeis'  Summer  School 
program  will  feature  more 
than  80  credit  or  noncredit 
courses  in  five  disciplines 
including  liberal  arts, 
computer  science, 
premedical  sciences,  theater 
arts,  and  Near  Eastern  and 
ludaic  Studies.  A  highlight 
of  this  year's  program  is  a 
costume  history  and  design 


field  research  course  that 
will  take  students  to 
England. 

Taught  by  prominent 
members  of  the  Brandeis 
faculty,  courses  are  offered 
on  the  undergraduate  and 
graduate  levels.  The 
program  is  divided  into  two 
five-week  sessions.  May 
29-Iune  29  and  luly  2-Aug. 
3,  with  enrollment  open  to 
college  and  high  school 
students  as  well  as  qualified 
members  of  the  Brandeis  and 
general  community. 

For  registration  infonnation 
or  a  schedule  and  catalogue 
of  courses,  call  or  write  the 
Office  of  Continuing 
Education,  Sydeman  108, 
Brandeis  University, 
Waltham,  Massachusetts 
02254,(617)647-2796. 


Rodis  Assumes 
New  Post 

Nicholas  Rodis,  chair  of  the 
Department  of  Physical 
Education  and  director  of 
athletics  since  1976,  has 
been  named  special  assistant 
to  the  president  for  athletic 
development. 

Rodis,  who  assumed  his  new 
responsibilities  in  January,  is 
involved  in  the  development 
of  the  university's  proposed 
new  sports  complex.  He  will 
also  participate  in  fund 
raising  efforts  for  the 
renovation  of  the  existing 
athletic  facilities  and  the 
creation  of  an  endowment  to 
support  the  expansion  and 
improvement  of  all  athletic 
programs. 

Rodis,  former  basketball, 
football,  baseball,  tennis  and 
track  coach,  was  the  first 
Amencan  to  serve  as  vice 
president  of  the 
International  University 
Sports  Federation.  He  also 
served  as  president  of  the 
United  States  Collegiate 
Sports  Council. 

Rick  Sawyer,  director  of 
student  affairs,  was 
appointed  acting  athletic 
director.  He  will  serve  while 
a  national  search  is  being 
conducted  to  find  a 
permanent  director. 


2A' 


Conference  to  search 
tor  social  change 

Conlcrcnccs  usually  bring 
experts  in  a  field  together  to 
discuss  their  past 
accomplishments.  But  as 
part  of  the  celebration  of  the 
Florence  Heller  Graduate 
School's  23th  anniversary',  a 
conference  was  recently 
held  to  search  for  social 
change  strategies. 

"Toward  Social  and 
Economic  lustice;  Roles  for 
a  University-Based  Center," 
held  March  2.^-25,  had 
experts  from  across  the 
nation,  most  of  them  Heller 
alumni,  gather  to  discuss 
social  problems  with  the 
goal  of  laying  the 
groundwork  for  a  proposed 
Center  for  Social  Change 
Practice  and  Theory. 

"There  are  two  ways  of 
addressing  social  problems," 
said  David  G.  Gil,  professor 
of  social  policy.  Heller 
School,  and  coordinator  of 
the  conference. 

"One  IS  to  help  people  who 
suffer  from  these  problems 
and  not  pay  too  much 
attention  to  the  forces  that 
cause  them.  But  the  Heller 
School,  established  in  19.39, 
was  interested  in  the  larger 
issues  and  changing  the 
structural  arrangement  of 
society." 

Through  the  years,  the 
Heller  goal  has  been  to 
"prevent  and  not  just  treat" 
problems,  said  Gil.  "The 
focus  of  this  conference  is  on 
social  change.  We're  not 
doing  this  iust  to  make 
noise.  We're  doing  this  to  lay 
the  groundwork  for  social 
change." 

The  uniqueness  of  the 
conference  also  is  evident 
from  its  roster  of  speakers, 
panelists  and 

participants — the  majority 
arc  women.  "We  want  to 
symbolically  convey  a 
challenge  to  the  patriarchy 
of  society,"  said  Gil. 


The  conference's  keynote 
speaker  will  be  Elise  Mane 
Boulding,  chairman  of  the 
Sociology  Department  at 
Dartmouth  College  and 
author  of  numerous  books 
on  women  and  children, 
including  "Women  and  the 
Social  Costs  of  Economic 
Development,"  "Children's 
Ri.ghts  and  the  Wheel  of 
Life"  and  "Women  in 
Twentieth  Century  World." 
She  IS  a  former  chairman  of 
the  Women's  International 
League  for  Peace  and 
Freedom  and  the  recipient  of 
the  Ted  Lentz  Peace  Prize 
and  other  awards. 

The  first  task  of  the 
conference  will  be  to  raise 
the  issues  affecting  social 
and  economic  justice,  Gil 
said. 

"Look  what  happened  when 
people  began  to  talk  about 
the  rights  of  women.  Society 
began  to  rethink  its  views," 
he  said.  "Social  change 
requires  a  transformation  in 
consciousness  and  then 
organization." 

Thirteen  workshops  will 
feature  noted  Heller  alumni, 
faculty  and  leaders  in  human 
services. 

The  conference  is  dedicated 
to  the  late  Robert  R.  Mayer 
'70,  who  was  director  of 
Fordham  University's 
doctoral  program  in  social 
work.  Mayer  served  on  the 
conference  planning 
committee  until  his  death 
last  November. 

The  ma)or  sponsor  of  the 
conference  is  The  Max  and 
Anna  Levmson  Foundation, 
executive  director,  Sidney 
Shapiro.  Other  conference 
sponsors  include  The  Field 
Found;ition,  The  Youth 
Project  Circle  Fund,  Stewart 
Mott  Associates,  Sherwood 
Forest  Fund,  Anne  Bartley, 
lohn  A.  Harns  IV,  Fund  for 
Tomorrow  and  The  Villers 
Foundation. 


Energy  program  cuts 
cost,  consumption 

A  monthlv  electric  bill  of 
nearly  $200,000  is  not 
unusual  during  the  winter 
forBrandeis,  which  is  Boston 
Edison  Co.'s  1 9th  largest 
customer. 

Yet  during  the  past  fiscal 
year,  energy  consumption  at 
the  University  was  reduced 
20  percent  and  the  annual 
cost  was  cut  from  $4  million 
m  1981-1982  to  $3.2  million. 

"The  savings  have  been 
tremendous,"  said  David 
Newton,  vice  president  of 
the  Energy  Resource 
Management  Co.  jthERMI,  a 
firm  specializing  in  energy 
programs  for  nonprofit 
institutions. 

Inlanuary,  1982,  the 
University  initiated  an 
expanded  energy 
management  program  with 
a  goal  of  reducing  costs 
while  maintaining  the 
quality  of  the  academic, 
physical  and  social 
environment.  To  help  plan, 
direct  and  oversee  the 
University's  conservation 
efforts,  thERM  was  retained. 

In  addition,  an  Energy 
Conservation  Committee 
(ECC),  representing  all 
segments  of  the  Brandeis 
community,  was  appointed 
to  investigate  and  evaluate 
conservation  measures  and 
make  recommendations  to 
Peter  T.  Van  Aken,  vice 
president  for  administrative 
affairs. 

The  ECC  issued  a  revised 
temperature  policy  for  all 
University  facilities. 

"We  have  been  very 
successful  as  an  institution 
during  the  past  10  years 
in  reducing  energy 
consumption,"  said  Shelley 
M.  Kaplan,  assistant  to  the 
vice  president  for 
administrative  affairs.  In 
1972,  when  the  energy  crisis 
hit,  the  University  was  using 
5,30,000  million  BTUs  of 
energy  annually.  Between 
then  and  1982,  the  Plant 
Operations  Department  was 
able  to  reduce  ccmsumption 
by  19  percent,  to  about 


440,000  million  BTUs. 

When  thERM  was  hired  in 
1 982,  "we  didn't  come  in  to  a 
Stone  Age  situation,"  said 
Newton.  "But  most  of  the 
buildings  at  Brandeis  were 
built  when  cost  was  not  a 
factor.  The  University  could 
afford  to  heat  its  facilities  24 
hours  a  day." 

But  energy  costs  have 
skyrocketed  in  the  past  10 
years,  bringing  the 
University's  energy  bills 
from  a  comfortable  $800,000 
in  1972- 1973  to  $4  million  in 
1981-1982.  "That's  literally 
money  going  up  the 
smokestack,"  said  Newton. 
"The  University  would  like 
to  take  some  oi  that  money 
and  put  It  back  into 
programs." 

With  that  goal,  the  energy 
management  program  set 
four  objectives:  eliminate 
energy  waste  and  reduce 
cost;  ensure  continuation  of 
the  program  and  training  of 
personnel;  avoid  premature 
expenditure  of  capital,  and 
involve  the  Brandeis 
community. 

A  budget  of  $560,000  was 
allocated  to  the  energy 
management  program.  In 
1982-1983,  this  investment 
produced  energy  savings  of 
$346,000,  according  to 
thERM,  making  a  93  percent 
return  on  the  investment. 

The  program  has  been 
helped  by  two  grants  from 
the  U.S.  Department  of 
Energy  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Schools  and  Hospitals 
Grant  Program.  The 
University  was  awarded  the 
maximum  grant  assistance 
available— $80,000  per 
project. 


3A 


Athletics 


Cross-Country  Team 
Wins  NCAA  Division 
m  Championship 

"Success  breeds  success"  is 
an  old  adage  that  exemplifies 
the  progress  of  the  Brandeis 
track  program. 

The  foundation  for  the  track 
team's  continuous 
accomplishment  was  laid 
this  past  fall  when  coach 
Norm  Levine's  men's 
cross-country  team  captured 
Its  first  NCAA  Division  III 
National  Championship. 

"They  did  it  on  talent,  guts 
and  sheer  determination," 
noted  Levine  on  his  team's 
accomplishment.  "I've  had 
more  talented  teams  in  the 
past,  but  I  never  had  a  bunch 
of  guys  who  worked  so  hard 
and  were  so  hungry  to  win." 

Levine's  coaching  expertise 
did  not  go  without  notice,  as 
his  peers  voted  him  Division 
in  National  Coach  of  the 
Year. 

Individually,  five  Brandeis 
runners  were  awarded 
All-America  status  for  their 
perfonnance  at  the  national 
championship.  They 
included  Ed  McCarthy  '84 
(Waltham,  Mass.),  Kevin 
Curtin  '84  (Billerica,  Mass.), 
Misa  Fossas  '85  (lamaica 
Plain,  Mass.),  MarkBeeman 
'83  (Chelmsford,  Mass.)  and 
Steve  Burbridge  '85 
(Groveland,  Mass.).  For 
Beeman  and  McCarthy,  it 
was  the  second  year  in  a  row 
that  they  have  received  this 
honor. 

The  road  leading  to  the 
national  championship  was 
equally  impressive,  as  the 
Judges  recorded  a  1 7-1- 1 
regular  season  record  (most 
wins  in  a  season)  and 
captured  their  13th 
consecutive  New  England 
Division  III  and  third 
straight  IC4A  College 
Division  Championships. 

Since  the  NCAA  gold 
arrived  on  campus,  an 
atmosphere  of  success 
seems  to  have  encompassed 
all  phases  of  the  university's 
track  program. 


In  two  early  meets  of  the 
winter  season,  Kevin  Curtin 
is  proving  to  all  of  New 
England  that  his  talents  far 
exceed  his  cross-country 
ability.  At  the  Boston 
University  Relays,  Curtin 
ran  a  8T2.3  3000-meter  race 
and  qualified  to  compete  in 
the  IC4A  championship 
meet  in  Princeton,  N.l.  in 
early  March. 

At  the  BU  New  Year's 
Classic,  Curtin  captured 
first  place  in  the  1500-meter 
event  with  a  time  of  3:47.5, 
the  second  fastest  time  ever 
for  a  Brandeis  runner. 


^HH^tttt^*    v/^ 

^i^Bmm 

m 

Brandeis  assistant  track 
coach.  Buddy  Bostick  '79, 
also  joined  the  winning  ways 
at  BU,  bringing  home  the 
gold  medal  in  the 
3000-meter  event  with  a 
time  of  8: 10. 1 .  Running  for 
the  Nike  Four  Comers 
Track  Club,  Bostick  also 
took  first  place  honors  in  the 
1500-meter  run  at  the 
Boston  College  Holiday 
Classic  track  (!k  field  meet 
with  a  time  of  3:54.5. 
Bostick  IS  now  training  and 
conditioning  for  the 
Olympic  trials  outdoors  in 
the  5000-meter  event. 

Lauren  Andrews  '86  (Hull, 
Mass.),  a  shot  putter  on  the 
women's  track  team,  also 
jumped  aboard  the  winning 
bandwagon. 


At  the  BC  Holiday  Meet, 
Andrews  threw  46'0'/2",  one 
foot  short  of  her  personal 
best,  in  capturing  first  place 
honors.  At  the  BU  meet, 
Andrews  placed  second  with 
a  throw  of  44'. 

Greg  Steelman  '87 
(Pembroke,  N.H,),  alsoa 
shot  putter,  has  shown  great 
potential  at  the  indoor 
meets.  Steelman,  a  New 
Hampshire  schoolboy 
standout  m  the  shot  and  the 
discus,  placed  third  at  the 

I J  New  Year's  Classic  with 
,1  tlirow  of  47'8". 

Ty  Hanewich  '87  (Attleboro, 
Mass.)  won  the 
Massachusetts  Class  "A" 
High  Hurdles 
Championship  and  has 
continued  his  successful 
career  at  Brandeis. 
Hanewich  ran  the  55-meter 
high  hurdles  in  a  time  of  07.7 
at  BU  and  finished  in  third 
place. 

In  the  4  x  800-meter  relay, 
the  team  of  McCarthy,  Dave 
Kelts  '86  (Chelmsford, 
Mass.),  Dave  Langdon  '87 
(Dedham,  Mass.)  and  Curtin 
finished  first  with  a  time  of 
7:58.0  at  the  Boston 
University  meet. 


4A 


Sports  Notes 


The  men's  soccer  team 

concluded  its  1 1th  straight 
winning  season  with  a 
record  of  12-5-2.  Under  the 
direction  of  head  coach  Mike 
Coven,  the  ludges  were 
selected  to  participate  in 
their  sixth  straight  NCAA 
New  England  Division  III 
Tournament,  dropping  a 
hrst-round  2-0  decision  to 
Plymouth  State  College. 

The  women's  soccer  team 

had  Its  finest  season  in  its 
short  five-year  history  as  a 
varsity  sport.  The  team 
concluded  the  regular  season 
with  a  mark  of  6-6  and 
participated  in  and  hosted 
the  MAIAW  (Massachusetts 
Association  of  Intercollegiate 
Athletics  for  Women) 
Class  "C"  Tournament.  The 
women  were  seeded  second 
in  the  four  team  tournament 
and  lost  a  4-2  overtime 
decision  to  rival  Babson 
College.  Silke  Georgi  'S7 
(Frankfurt,  West  Germany) 
rewrote  the  Brandeis 
women's  soccer  scoring 
books  during  her  debut 
season.  The  freshman 
striker  drilled  home  l.S  goals 
and  had  3  assists  on  the 
way  to  becoming  the 
all-time  leading  scorer  in 
women's  soccer  history.  The 
1983  season  was  a  rebuilding 
year  for  coach  (udy  Houde's 
women's  tennis  team.  The 
Raqueteers  finished  the 
season  with  a  5-7  slate  and 
were  invited  to  play  in  the 
MAIAW  Class  "C" 
Tournament. 

The  women's  cross-country 

team  also  experienced  the 
usual  growing  pains 
associated  with  young 
runners,  inexperienced  to 
collegiate  competition. 
Susan  Roussell  '84 
(Weymouth,  Mass.),  the 
team's  captain,  concluded 
her  collegiate  running  in 
grand  style.  Roussell  cut 
more  than  two  minutes  off 
her  5K  time  over  the  course 
of  the  season  with  strong 
showings  at  the  Regis 
College  Invitational  (1st 
place),  Fitchburg 
Invitational  (29th  place)  and 
the  NCAA  regional  meet 
(59th  place). 

The  women's  volleyball 

team  rounded  out  the 


regular  seasim  with  a  record 
of  9- 1 1  and  were  selected  to 
compete  in  two  post-season 
tournaments.  The  women 
spikers'  first  stop  was  the 
NAIA( National  Association 
of  Intercollegiate  Athletics) 
District  V  Tournament 
where  they  achieved  a  mark 
of  2-1  in  this  tournament, 
winning  the  consolation 
bracket  and  finishing  fifth 
out  of  eight  teams.  Next  was 
the  MAIAW  Class  "C" 
Tournament  where  three 
tough  opponents  downed 
the  fudges  and  brought  their 
season  to  an  end  with  an 
11-15  reading. 

Under  the  supervision  of 
first-year  coach  lack  Guerin, 
the  Brandeis  varsity  sailing 
team  has  begun  to  lay  the 
foundation  for  one  of  the 
Boston  area's  more 
competitive  sailing 
programs.  After  a  rough 
start,  the  Brandeis 
yachtsmen  collected  their 
talents  and  finished  strong. 
In  their  last  three  regattas, 
the  ludges  collected  two 
fourth  place  finishes  at  two 
Boston  University 
Invitationals  and  a  sixth 
place  finish  out  of  sixteen 
teams  at  the  Priddy  Trophy 
Championship. 

A  third  consecutive  New 
England  College  Division 
Title  is  what  coach  Tom 
Foley's  men's  tennis  team 
began  preparation  for  this 
past  fall.  If  their  5-1  record  is 
any  indication  of  things  to 
come,  their  third  title  is 
easily  in  reach. 

The  men's  faU  baseball  team 

had  an  exceptional  season, 
as  they  racked  their 
opponents  for  146  runs  in 
building  a  17-3-1  record. 
Highlighting  the  fall 
preparatory  season  was 
capturing  the  crown  at  the 
MIT  Fall  Baseball  Classic. 
The  superb  pitching  of 
Rodger  Hebert  '84  (Warren, 
Mass.)  earned  him  MVP 
honors  at  this  tournament. 
After  a  year's  absence  from 
the  NCAA  Division  III 
regional  tournament,  this 
year's  team  seems  destined 
to  make  their  return  this 
coming  spring. 

Tim  Lawlor 


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5A 


Faculty  Notes 


Stuart  H.  Alttnan 

Dean  and  Sol  C.  Chaikin 

Professor  of  National  Health 
Policy,  Heller  School,  has 
been  appointed  by  the  U.S. 
Congress  Office  of 
Technology  Assessment  to 
chair  a  commission  to 
oversee  a  new  federal 
reimbursement  system  for 
hospital  care  under 
Medicare. 

Teresa  M.  Amabile 

assistant  professor  of 
psycholog>',  had  an  article 
"The  Social  Psychology  of 
Creativity:  A  Componential 
Conceptualization"  appear 
in  the  August  1 983  issue  of 
the  loumal  of  Personality 
and  Social  Psychology.  She 
also  presented  a  paper  at  the 
American  Psychological 
Association  convention  and 
was  a  featured  speaker 
during  Creativity  Week  at 
the  Center  for  Creative 
Leadership  in  Greensboro, 
North  Carolina. 

Joyce  Antler 

assistant  professor  of 
American  Studies,  was 
appointed  to  the  editorial 
board  of  Histon'  and 
Education  Quartedy  and 
History^  of  Higher  Education 
Annual.  She  presented 
papers  at  the  annual  meeting 
of  the  American  Historical 
Association  and  at  the 
Anniversary  Celebration  of 
the  Schlesinger  Library  at 
Radcliffe  College  and  the 
New  England  American 
Studies  Association.  Her 
article  "Was  She  a  Good 
Mother?:  Thou,ghts  on  A 
New  Issue  for  Feminist 
Biography"  will  appear  in 
the  forthcoming  book 
Women  and  the  Social 
Structure. 

Albert  Axclrad 

chaplain  and  Hillel  director, 
was  awarded  a  grant  from 
the  lewish  Peace  Fellowship 
to  complete  his  book  on 
conscientious  obiection  and 
the  lewish  tradition.  His 
recent  publications  include: 
"Evaluating  Yourself  as  a 
Hillel  Person  and  as  a  Hillel 
Professional"  in  A 
Handbook  for  Hillel  and 
Jewish  Campus 
Professionals;  "Doctors' 
Meditation"  in  the  Har\'ard 
Medical  Alumni  Bulletin; 
"Mixed  Marriage  and  the 


Rabbi"  in  The 
Reconstructionist. 

Asoka  Bandarage 

assistant  professor  of 
sociology,  is  a  visiting 
scholar  at  the  Center  for 
International  Studies  at  MIT 
where  she  gave  a  seminar  on 
Feminist  Theor>'  and  Third 
World  Women.  Her  review 
essay  on  "Women  in 
International 

Development"  appeared  in 
the  Women's  Review  of 
Books.  She  has  been 
appointed  to  the  editorial 
advisory  board  of  the  South 
Asia  Bulletin. 

Kathleen  Barr>' 

assistant  professor  of 
sociology,  chaired  a  panel  on 
New  Research  Trends  and 
presented  a  paper  on 
"International  Feminist 
Networking"  at  a 
conference  sponsored  by  the 
Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Policy 
Research  and  Development. 
She  organized  and 
conducted  an  International 
Feminist  Network  Meeting 
against  Female  Sexual 
Slavery  in  Rotterdam. 

Gerald  Bernstein 

associate  professor  of  fine 
arts,  was  reappointed  to  the 
visiting  committee  for 
education  at  the  Boston 
Museum  of  Fine  Arts.  He 
delivered  the  Teitelbaum 
Memonal  Lecture  at  the 
YM'YMHA  in  New  York 
City  and  presented  a  lecture 
series  "The  Architecture  of 
the  Back  Bay"  for  the 
Women's  Educational  and 
Industrial  Union  of  Boston. 

Robert  H.  Binstock 

Louis  Stulberg  Professor  of 
Law  and  Politics,  received 
the  Brookdale  Award  Prize 
of  52.5,000  for  "distinguished 
contnbutions  to  gerontology" 
at  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
Gerontological  Society  of 
Amenca. 

-Martin  Boykan 

professor  of  music,  was 
awarded  a  grant  from  the 
National  Endowment  for 
the  Arts.  His  "Elegy"  was 
selected  by  the  International 
Society  for  Contemporary 
Music  to  represent  the 
United  States  at  the  World 
Music  Days  in  Toronto, 
Canada. 


Karl  Canter 

associate  professor  of 
physics,  gave  several  invited 
talks  including  "Ten  Years 
of  slow  Positron  Studies" 
(with  Professor  Stephan 
Berko)  at  the  AAAS 
National  Meeting  in 
Michigan;  "Low  Energy 
Positron  and  Positronium 
Diffraction"  at  NATO 
Advanced  Workshop  m 
England;  "Differences 
Between  Positrons  and 
Electrons  in  Elastic  and 
Inelastic  Surface  Processes" 
(with  Professor  K.  G.  Lynn) 
m  Boston;  and  "Low  Energy 
Positrtm  Diffraction"  at  the 
Materials  Research  Society 
Annual  Meeting  also  in 
Boston. 

Jacques  Cohen 

professor  of  computer 
science,  was  on  the 
technical  committee  of  the 
Logic  Programming 
Conference  and  gave  a  talk 
on  "Parsing  and  Compiling 
Using  Prolog"  at  Brown 
University. 


Peter  Coiuad 

assistant  professor  of 
sociology  chaired  sessions  at 
the  meeting  of  the  American 
Sociological  Association 
where  he  delivered  the  paper 
"The  Meaning  of 
Medication:  Another  Look 
at  Compliance,"  and  at  the 
Society  for  the  Study  of 
Social  Problems.  He 
received  a  grant  from  the 
Mazer  Fund  and  a 
Biomedical  Research 
Support  Grant  to  begin 
research  on  corporate  health 
promotion  programs. 

George  L.  Cowgill 

professor  of  antnropology,  is 
directing  analyses  of  over 
one  million  ceramic  and 
lithic  objects  in 
Teotihuacan,  Mexico.  He  is 
conducting  a  year-long 
course  in  statistical  and 
computer  applications  in 
archaeology  sponsored  by 
the  Center  for  Materials 
Research  in  Archaeology 
and  Ethnology.  He  also 
delivered  a  paper  on  political 
inferences  from 
architectural  complexes  in 
the  prehistoric  city  of 
Teotihuacan. 


John  Putnam  Demos 

professor  of  history,  was 
awarded  a  grant  from  the 
National  Endowment  for 
the  Humanities  for 
1984— 198.S  to  work  on  a  new 
book  on  early  America. 

Stanley  Deser 

Enid  and  Nathan  S.  Ancell 
Professor  of  Physics,  was 
invited  to  coordinate  and 
lead  a  semester-long 
research  program  at  the 
National  Institute  for 
Theoretical  Physics  at  the 
University  of  California, 
Santa  Barbara,  fall  semester 
1984. 

Edward  Engelberg 

professor  of  comparative 
literature,  published  a 
review  of  two  books  on  W,  B. 
Yeats  by  Indian  scholars  in 
Yeats  Studies.  Volume  II. 

Robert  Evans  Jr. 

Antran  Professor  of  Labor 
Economics,  presented  two 
papers:  "An  Incomes  Policy 
for  the  United  States: 
Lessons  from  Japan"  at  the 
Japan  Economic  Seminar  at 
Yale  University,  and 
"Shunto  as  an  Incomes 
Policy"  at  the  International 
Economic  Workshop  in 
Tokyo.  His  essay  on  "A 
Policy  for  the  Times"  was 
published  in  the  Japan 
Times. 


Elliot  J.  Feldman 

assistant  professor  of 
politics,  conducted  research 
in  Europe  supported  by  a 
grant  from  the  National 
Defense  University.  In  the 
fall  he  spoke  at  the 
University  of  Quebec  on 
Quebec-United  States 
relations,  and  at  the 
universities  of  Palermo, 
Torino  and  Milano  in  Italy, 
and  m  Pans  and  Strasbourg, 
in  behalf  of  the  United  States 
Information  Agency. 

Gordon  Fellman 

associate  professor  of 
sociology,  gave  a  paper 
"Disbelief,  Helplessness, 
and  the  Threat  of  Nuclear 
War,"  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Society  for  the  Study  of 
Social  Problems. 

Karen  E.  Fields 

associate  professor  of 
sociology,  had  a  book 
published.  Lemon  Swamp 


6A 


and  Other  Places:  A 
Carolina  Memoir. 

Lawrence  H.  Fiiths 

Walter  and  Mayer  Jaffe 
Professor  of  American 
Civilization  and  Politics, 
published  "Immigration  and 
the  Rule  of  Law"  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania 
Law  Review,  and 
"Iinmigration  Reform  m 
1911  and  1981"  in  the 
Journal  of  American  Ethnic 
History. 

David  G.  Gil 

professor  of  social  policy  at 
Heller  School,  organized  a 
conference  "In  Search  of 
Strategies  Toward  Social  and 
Economic  lustice"  held  at 
Brandeis. 

Michael  Henchman 

associate  professor  of 
chemistry,  delivered  four 
papers  at  the  Annual 
Conference  of  Mass 
Spectrometry.  He  also 
delivered  a  paper  at  the  Fifth 
East  Coast  ICR  and  Ion 
Molecule  Chemistry 
Symposium  at  the 
University  of  Delaware  on 
"The  Measurement  of 
Absolute  and  Relative 
Proton  Affinities." 

Pierre-Yves  jacopin 

assistant  professor  of 
anthropology,  delivered  a 
paper  on  myth  causality  and 
mythological  world  view  at 
the  first  interdisciplinary 
symposium  on 
Anthropology  m  the 
Colombian  Amazon,  in 
Colombia,  South  America. 
He  has  also  been  invited  to 
give  a  series  of  lectures  on 
Lowland  South  American 
Societies  in  Paris  this  spring. 

Ray  S.  Jackendoff 
professor  of  linguistics,  is  a 
fellow  at  the  Center  for 
Advanced  Study  in  the 
Behavioral  Sciences  at 
Stanford  University.  His 
book  on  Semantics  and 
Cognition  was  published  by 
MIT  Press  in  the  fall. 

George  Joseph 

assistant  professor  of 
French,  will  speak  on 
"Reading  the  Rhetoric  of 
Genre  in  French 
Renaissance  Poetry"  at  a 
conference  in  Chicago 
sponsored  by  the  National 


Endowment  of  the 
Humanities. 

Edward  K.  Kaplan 

associate  professor  of 
French,  presented  a  paper  at 
the  Yves  Bonnefoy 
colloquium  in  France  and 
chaired  a  session  on 
symbolist  poetry  at  the  19th 
centuiy  French  Studies 
conference  at  Harvard 
University.  He  also 
presented  a  paper  on 
"Gaston  Bachelard  and 
Charles  Baudelaire:  From 
Tensions  to  Ambivalent 
Harmony"  at  the  Dallas 
Institute  for  Humanities  and 
Culture. 

Hillel  ].  Kieval 

assistant  professor  of  history 
and  Fellow  of  the  Tauber 
Institute,  lectured  on  "The 
History  of  Jewish  Prague: 
From  Renaissance  to 
Resistance"  for  a 
Smithsonian  Institution 
course  held  in  Washington, 
D.C.  He  also  gave  a  public 
lecture  on  "The  Prague  of 
Franz  Kafka"  at  the 
Smithsonian  and  also 
delivered  a  paper  on  "In  tlie 
Image  of  Hus:  Refashioning 
Czech  ludaism  in 
Post-Emancipatory  Prague" 
at  the  meeting  of  the 
American  Historical 
Association. 

Reuven  R.  Kimelman 

associate  professor  of  Near 
Eastern  and  judaic  studies, 
served  as  scholar-in- 
residence  at  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  Council  of 
)ewish  Federations  and  was 
an  American  delegate  to  the 
World  Assembly  of  Young 
fewish  Leadership  in  Israel. 

Lorraine  V.  Klerman 

professor  of  public  health. 
Heller  School,  spoke  on 
"Adolescent 

Pregnancy — What  Are  We 
Doing?  Is  It  Effective?  What 
Strategies  Work?"  at  the 
conference  on  Adolescent 
Sexuality:  Motivation  and 
Responsibility  at  St. 
Margaret's  Hospital  for 
Women  in  Boston.  She  also 
authored  an  editorial, 
"Adoption,  A  Public 
Perspective"  in  American 
Journal  of  Public  Health  and 
presided  at  a  session  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  the 
American  Public  Health 
Association. 


Kenneth  Kiistin 

professor  of  chemisti7,  has 
been  appointed  to  the 
editorial  board  of  the 
International  Journal  of 
Chemical  Kinetics. 

Richard  Lansing 

associate  professor  of  Italian 
and  Comparative  Literature, 
was  elected  to  the  executive 
committee  for  the  Modem 
Language  Association 
division  on  Medieval  and 
Renaissance  Italian 
Literature.  I  lis  article 
"Dante's  Concept  of 
Vit)lence  and  the  Chain  of 
Being"  appeared  in  Dante 
Studies. 

Robert  Lerman 

senior  research  associate  at 
Heller  School,  presented  a 
paper  "Do  Welfare  Programs 
Affect  Schooling  and  Work 
Patterns  of  Young  Black 
Men  and  Women,"  at  the 
National  Bureau  of 
Economic  Research 
Conference  on  Inner  City 
Black  Youth  Employment. 
While  on  leave  this  fall  he 
condticted  an  evaluation  of 
Israel's  Project  Renewal  on 
low  income  housing  under 
the  auspices  of  an 
International  Evaluation 
Committee. 

Nonnan  E.  Levine 

associate  professor  of 
physical  education  was 
selected  NCAA  Division  III 
National  Cross  Country 
Coach  of  the  Year  for  1983. 
He  was  also  honored  as  the 
New  England  Division  III 
Cross-Country  Coach  of  the 
Year.  His  article  on  "Full 
Year  Program  for  Middle 
Distance  Runners,"  was 
published  in  Boston 
Running  News. 

Avigdor  Levy 

associate  professor  of  Near 
Eastern  and  fudaic  Studies, 
had  an  article  "The 
Contribution  of 
Zaporozhian  Cossacks  to 
Ottoman  Military  Reform" 
published  in  Harvard 
Ukrainian  Studies.  He 
attended  the  Third 
International  Congress  on 
the  Economic  and  Social 
History  of  Turkey  at 
Princeton  University  where 
he  delivered  a  paper  on  the 
Ottoman  officer  corps  in  the 
1830s.  He  also  delivered  a 
paper  on  "The  Ottoman 


Style  of  Rule — New 
Perspectives,"  at  the 
international  colloquium  on 
Habsburg-Ottoman 
Relations  at  the  University 
of  Vienna. 

Dcnah  Lida 

professor  of  Spanish, 
delivered  an  invited  address 
at  Wheaton  College  on 
"Rosalia  de  Castro;  poeta 
gallega?" 

Blanche  Linden- Ward 

lecturer  with  rank  of 
assistant  professor  of 
American  studies,  gave  a 
paper,  "Neoclassicism  and 
the  English  Garden: 
European  Sources  of  the 
American  'Rural' 
Cemetery"  at  the  biennial 
meeting  of  the  American 
Studies  Association. 

Henry  Linschitz 

Helena  Rubinstein  Professor 
of  Chemistry,  spoke  on 
"Radical  Formation  in 
Excited-State  Redox 
Reactions,"  at  the 
Chemistry  Colloquium  of 
the  City  University  of  New 
York. 

loan  Maling 

associate  professor  of 
linguistics,  is  the  author  of 
"Non-Clause-Bounded 
Reflexives  in  Modern 
Icelandic"  in  Linguistics 
and  Philosophy.  She 
presented  papers  on  "Passive 
and  Oblique  Case"  at  the 
University  of  Iceland  and  at 
the  Second  Workshop  on 
Scandinavian  Syntax  in 
Sweden.  She  is  co-editor  of 
the  new  international 
journal  Natural  Language 
and  Linguistic  Theory. 

Daniel  J.  Margolis 

lecturer  in  lewish  education, 
was  named  executive 
director  of  the  Bureau  of 
lewish  Education  of  Greater 
Boston.  His  essay  on  "The 
Uniqueness  of  Boston's 
Jewish  Educational 
System — An  Historical 
Analysis"  was  published  in 
Studies  in  Jewish 
Education:  Essays  in  Honor 
of  Louis  Newman. 

Robert  L.  Marshall 

professor  of  music,  gave 
lectures  on  "Tempo  and 
Dynamic  Markings  in  the 
Bach  Sources"  and  "The 
Genesis  of  Bach's 


7A 


Magnificat"  at  the  New 
England  Bach  Festival  at 
Marlboro  College. 

Danielle  Marx-Scouras 

assistant  professor  of 
romance  and  comparative 
literature,  spoke  at 
Simmons  College  on  "New 
Directions  in  French 
Literature  and  Intellectual 
Thought  Since  1968."  She 
also  gave  a  series  of  talks  on 
France  and  Italy  as  guest 
lecturer  im  National 
Women's  Committee's 
spnng  Mediterranean  cruise. 
Her  paper  on  Moroccan 
writer  Driss  Chraibi  was 
presented  at  the  First  World 
Congress  on  Francophone 
Literature  at  the  University 
of  Padua.  Another  article  on 
Chraibi  was  published  in 
Celfan  Review.  In 
December  she  chaired  a 
special  session  on  the 
avant-garde  at  the  annual 
MLA  convention. 

Teresa  .Mendez-Faith 

assistant  professor  of 
Spanish,  joined  the  editorial 
board  oi Discuiso  LiterariO; 
was  elected  to  the  executive 
council  of  the  New  England 
Council  on  Latin  American 
Studies;  organized  and 
chaired  a  panel  on 
"Censorship  and  Literature 
in  the  Southern  Cone"  for 
the  Latin  American  Studies 
Association  in  Mexico,  and 
chaired  a  panel  on 
"Contemporary  Latin 
American  Theater"  for 
NECLAS'  Annual 
Conference.  Her  article  on 
Paraguayan  literary 
production  appeared  m 
Plural. 

Leonard  C.  Muellner 

associate  professor  of 
classical  and  oriental 
studies,  delivered  a  lecture 
on  "Truth  in  Myth"  at  a 
conference  on  Truth  and 
Reality  in  Classical 
Antiquity  at  Brown 
University. 

Robert  ().  Preyer 
professor  of  English, 
delivered  lectures  at  the 
universities  of  Tiibingcn  and 
Heidelberg,  West  Gennany. 
Recent  publications  include 
"Bunsen  and  the 
Anglo-German  Literary 
Community  in  Rome"  in 


Der  Gelehrte  Diplomat-. 
"The  Romantic  Time 
Reaches  Trinity"  in  Annals 
of  the  New  York  Academy 
of  Sciences  and  "lohn  Stuart 
■Mill  and  Classical 
Antiquity"  in  Browning 
Institute  Studies. 

Benjamin  Ravid 
lennie  and  Mayer  Weisman 
Associate  Professor  of 
lewish  History,  spoke  on 
"The  Socio-economic  and 
Religious  Background  of  the 
Establishment  of  the  Ghetti 
of  Venice"  m  Venice.  He  also 
published  articles  about  the 
Jewish  community  in 
Venice  in  Thought  and 
Action:  Essays  in  Memory  of 
Simon  Rawidowicz  on  the 
Twenty-Fifth  Anniversary 
of  His  Death  and 
Association  forfewish 
Studies  Review. 

lames  H.  Schulz 

professor  of  welfare 
economics.  Heller  School, 
received  the  1983  Robert  W. 
Kleemeier  Award  for 
outstanding  research  in 
gerontology. 

ludith  T.  Shuval 
visiting  scholar  in  sociology, 
published  a  book 
Newcomers  and 
Colleagues:  Soviet 
Immigrant  Physicians  m 
Israel.  She  recently  chaired  a 
group  at  the  Social  Science 
and  Medicine  Conference  in 
Scotland  that  dealt  with 
social  movements  in  health. 
Shuval  is  visiting  at  Brandeis 
from  Hebrew  University  in 
lerusalem. 

Silvan  Schweber 

professor  of  physics  and 
Richard  Koret  Professor  in 
the  History  of  Ideas, 
delivered  a  paper  on  "The 
Genesis  of  the  Origin"  at  the 
international  Darwinian 
Heritage  conference  in 
Florence.  He  also  conducted 
seminars  on  "The  History  of 
Quantum  Field  Theory: 
1940-1950"  in  Lausanne 
and  Zurich.  Schweber  also 
delivered  a  paper  at  the 
centennial  commemorating 
Darwin's  death  held  at  the 
University  of  Pans  and  at  the 
International  Workshop  on 
the  History  of  Probability. 


Susan  Staves 

associate  professor  of 
English,  delivered  three 
papers  related  to  her  current 
work  on  a  book  on  the 
unhappy  mamage  in  18th 
century  England:  the 
Northeast  Society  for  18th 
Century  Studies,  the  Boston 
18th  Centur>'  Club  meeting 
at  MIT  and  in  a  session  on 
divorce  in  early  modem 
Europe  at  the  Social  Science 
History  Association  in 
Washington. 

Ian  A.  Todd 

associate  professor  of 
classical  and  oriental 
studies,  directed  last 
summer's  multidisciplinary 
archaeological  project  in 
Cyprus.  He  also  lectured  on 
his  research  to 
Archaeological  Institute  of 
America  Societies  in  San 
Diego,  Los  Angeles,  Stanford 
University,  Seattle  and 
Vancouver. 

Gloria  \\  aite 

assistant  professor  of 
African  and  Afro-American 
studies,  chaired  a  panel  at 
the  African  Studies 
Association's  annual 
meeting  where  she 
presented  a  paper  "The 
Indigenous  Medical  System 
m  East-Central  Africa: 
Adaptation  and 
Co-optation." 

Bernard  Wasserstein 

professor  of  history, 
participated  in  the  Middle 
East  consultation  session 
convened  by  former 
Presidents  limmy  Carter  and 
Gerald  Ford  at  the  Carter 
Center  of  Emory  University. 

Malcom  Watson 

associate  professor  of 
psychology,  published 
"Transitions  in  Children's 
Understanding  of  Parental 
Roles"  in  Developmental 
Psychology. 

Kurt  H.  \S  olff 
Manuel  Yellen  Professor  of 
Social  Relations,  emeritus, 
published  articles  in 
Analecta  Husserliana. 
Praxis  International.  La 
Critica  Sociologica,  The 
Canadian  foumal  of 
Sociology  and  the 
Phenomenology 
Information  Bulletin.  His 
book  Beyond  the  Sociology 


of  Knowledge:  An 
Introduction  and  a 
Development  was  published 
by  the  University  Press  of 
America. 

Dwight  W.  Young 

professor  of  ancient  and 
Near  Eastern  civilization, 
received  a  grant  from  the 
American  Council  of 
Learned  Societies  for 
research  in  Rome.  While  in 
Italy  he  gave  an  invited 
lecture  in  Naples  at  the 
meeting  of  the  International 
Congress  of  Papyrolog>'. 

Harry  Zohn 

professor  of  German,  was 
elected  to  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  Suffolk 
University.  He  is  the  author 
of  articles  on  Nelly  Sachs, 
Friedrich  Torberg,  Kurt 
Tucholsky,  Stefan  Zweig 
and  Frank  Zwillinger  in 
Ungar's  Encyclopedia  of 
20th  Centun,'  Worid 
Literature.  His  article  on 
Austrian  poet  Theodor 
Kramer  appeared  inZirkular 
and  another  article  was 
published  by  the  State 
University  of  New  York 
Press.  He  spoke  on  "Fin  de 
Siecle  Vienna:  The  lewish 
Contnbution"  at  the 
International  Conference  on 
German  lewry  at  Clark 
University. 

Irving  Kenneth  Zola 

professor  of  sociology', 
participated  m  the  Mary  E. 
Switzer  Scholar's  Seminar. 
He  also  spoke  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  International 
Congress  on  Anthropological 
and  Ethnological  Sciences  in 
Vancouver,  the  Rhode  Island 
Center  for  Independent 
Living,  and  at  Case  Western 
Reserve  University 
conference  on  Arthritis  and 
the  Elderly.  Recent 
publications  include;  "The 
Evolution  of  the  Boston  Self 
Help  Center"  in  A  Way  of 
Life  for  the  Handicapped  in 
a  Residential  Care 
Association  Publication,- 
two  articles  in  Boston's 
Summerfest  4  Magazine. 
His  "Culture  and 
Symptoms —  An  Analysis  of 
Patients  Presenting 
Complaints"  was  designated 
a  "Citation  Classic"  in 
Current  Contents. 


8A 


Bookshelf 


wsm 


MMwawnsMw 


Faculty 

The  Faces  of  Power: 

Constancy  and  Change  in 

United  States  Foreign  Pohcy 

From  Truman  to  Reagan 

Seyom  Brown,  professor  of 

politics 

Columbia  University  Press 

The  book  analyzes  the 
assumptions  and  conduct  of 
United  States  foreign  policy 
since  World  War  II, 
including  the  major  policy 
initiatives  and  crises  of  eight 
administrations. 


Having  Epilepsy 

The  Experience  and  Control 

of  Illness 

Peter  Conrad,  assistant 

professor  of  sociolog>',  and 

Joseph  W.  Schneider 

Temple  University  Press 

Based  on  80  interviews  with 
people  who  have  epilepsy, 
the  book  describes  the 
problems  of  coping  with 
chronic  illness.  Since  the 
principal  difficulty  for  many 
epileptics  is  not  the  medical 
condition  but  the  social 
stigma,  the  authors  examine 
the  discrimination  which 
confronts  epileptics  and  how 
they  manage  and  control 
epilepsy  in  their  everyday 
lives. 


Microbial  Mats 
Harlyn  L.  Halvorson, 

professor  of  biology  and 

director  of  Rosenstiel  Basic 

Medical  Sciences  Research 

Center,  with  Richard 

Castelholz  and  Holger 

Jannasch 

Alan  R.  Liss,  Inc. 

An  evaluation  of  modern 
microbial  mats  (algae  and 
bacteria  covering  a  marsh), 
their  physiology, 
composition  and  function. 
Modem  mats  are  compared 
with  ancient  stramatolites 
which  represent  the  oldest 
fossil  records  on  earth.  The 
book  further  analyzes  mats 
of  varying  age  from  0  to 
2,500  years  to  compare  the 
character  of  deterit)ration 
and  understand  the 
differences  caused  by 
deterioration  embedded  in 
the  fossil  record. 


Ideology  and  Culture  in 

Seventeenth-Century 

France 

Erica  Harth,  associate 

professor  of  French  and 

comparative  literature 

Cornell  University  Press 

The  study  explores  the 
relationship  between  social 
change  and  cultural 
development  in  France  on 
the  threshold  of  the  modern 
era.  The  text  is  accompanied 
by  illustrations  of  17th 
century'  engravings,  most  of 
which  are  reproduced  for  the 
first  time. 


SUPERSPACEorOne 
Thousand  and  One  Lessons 
in  Supersymmetry 
M.  T.  Grisaru,  professor  of 
physics,  S.  James  Gates,  Jr., 
Martin  Rocek  and  W.  Siegel 
Benjamin-Cummings 
Publishing  Co.,  Inc. 

Designed  to  make  accessible 
to  anyone  familiar  with 
basic  quantum  field  theory 
methods  the  tools, 
techniques  and  theorems 
known  about  the  N  =  I 
superfield  description  of 
supersymmetric  theories. 
The  book  is  addressed  to 
advanced  graduate  students 
and  research  physicists 
doing  theoretical  work  in 
elementary  particles  and 
supersymmetry  and  in 
quantum  gravity  and 
supergravity. 


Alumni/ae 

Thus  Spake  the  Moguls 
Yale  Magrass  71 

Schenkman  Publishing  Co., 
Inc. 

The  underlying  causes  of 
social  change  are  put  into 
perspective  in  this  study  by 
sociologist  Yale  Magrass. 
The  author  uses  such 
concrete  historical  examples 
as  the  New  Deal  and  the 
economic  downturn  of  the 
seventies  to  explore  the 
validity  of  political 
theorists.  This  method 
allows  him  to  document  and 
illuminate  the  relationship 
between  the  philosophy  of 
politics  and  the  reality  of 
economic  and  social 
upheaval. 


Intensive  Care 

A  Familv  Love  Story 

Mary-Lou  Cohen  Weisman 

'60 

Random  House 

When  Mary-Lou  Cohen  '60 
and  Larry  Weisman  '60 
learned  that  their 
two-and-a-half-year-old  son, 
Peter,  had  incurable 
muscular  dystrophy,  their 
initial  reaction  was  shock, 
anger  and  almost  unbearable 
grief.  Although  this  book 
chronicles  a  tragic  illness 
and  eventual  death,  it  is  also 
the  story  of  a  family's  ability 
to  heal  Itself  while  coming 
to  terms  with  loss. 


Stories  For  Free  Children 

Edited  and  with  an 

introduction 

Letty  Cottin  Pogrebin  'r>9 

McGraw-Hill  Book  Co. 

Written  for  parents  and 
children,  this  anthology 
contains  non-sexist  fables, 
fiction  and  fairy  tales. 
Among  the  many 
contributors  are  Toni 
Morrison,  Elizabeth  Swados 
and  Lois  Gould.  Based  on  a 
Ms.  Magazine  feature,  these 
are  stories  that  "make 
children  feel  better  about 
their  reality  while 
encouraging  them  to  reach, 
dream  and  grow." 


Anger:  The  Misunderstood 

Emotion 

Carol  Anne  Tavris  '66 

Simon  &  Schuster 

Social  psychologist  Carol 
Tavris  examines  and 
challenges  beliefs  that  have 
been  fostered  as  gospel  by 
psychotherapists  in  what 
she  terms  the  "Anger 
Industry."  Contrary  to 
prevailing  notions,  the 
author  finds  little  evidence 
that  suppressing  anger  is 
necessarily  dangerous  to 
mental  health.  According  to 
Tavris,  "Ventilating  anger  is 
cathartic  only  when  it 
restores  control  and  reduces 
a  feeling  of  powerlessness." 
In  fact,  after  looking  at 
numerous  case  studies,  she 
concludes  that  in  many 
instances  "getting  it  off  your 
chest"  has  negative,  rather 
than  positive,  emotional 
results. 


Father  Divine  and  the 
Struggle  for  Racial  Equality 
Robert  Weisbrot  '73 

University  of  Illinois  Press 

Father  Divine  rose  from 
poverty  in  the  rural  South  to 
become  one  of  America's 
best  known  and  most 
controversial  ministers. 
While  undeniably  a  cult 
figure,  he  saw  himself  as  a 
defender  of  democracy  and 
the  American  dream.  In  this 
full-scale  exploration  of  the 
minister  as  social  activist, 
the  author  shows  how 
Divine — usually  portrayed 
as  a  demagogue  outside  the 
mainstream  of  black 
concerns — often  reflected 
and  helped  foster  the  role  of 
the  black  church  in  the  civil 
rights  campaign. 


The  Peking  Mandate 

Peter  Siris  '66 

G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons 

The  Peking  Mandate  is  an 
espionage  thriller  set  in 
China  during  the  summer  of 
1976  when  the  People's 
Republic  underwent  a  fierce 
struggle  of  succession. 
International  businessman 
Peter  Siris  '66  has  created  a 
vivid  picture  of  life  m  Red 
China.  A  fast-paced  and 
intricate  web  of  romance 
and  adventure,  the  novel  is 
steeped  in  the  atmosphere  of 
the  Orient,  past  and  present. 


Rivington  Street 
Meredith  Tax  '64 

William  Morrow  and  Co. 

A  Literary  Guild  selection, 
Rivington  Street  is  an 
historical  novel  about  the 
lewish  immigrants  who  fled 
persecution  in  Czarist 
Russia  and  came  to  America 
at  the  close  of  the  19th 
century  in  search  of  a  haven. 
The  hook  portrays  the  lives 
of  three  generations  of 
characters  until  the 
outbreak  of  World  War  I,  and 
vividly  describes  the  pam  of 
separation  from  the  "old 
country,"  the  inevitable 
conflict  between 
generations,  and  the  effects 
of  the  process  of 
Americanization  on 
traditional  values  and 
behavior. 


Alumni  Notes 


'52 

Tamar  Soloff  Brower 

is  an  associate  with  the 
pubhc  relations  firm  of 
Joseph  Allen  (S  Associates  in 
Irvine,  Calif.  One  of  her 

primarv'  responsibilities  is 
handling  public  relations  for 
Business  Week  magazine. 

'55 

Gloria  Goldrcich  Horowitz's 

novel — This  Burning 
Harvest,  published  by 
Berkley  Books — was 
favorably  reviewed  in  major 
publications. 

'57 

Dr.  Philip  Lieb 

was  honored  by  Temple 
University  president,  Peter  1. 
Liacouras,  who  asked  lum  to 
serve  as  Temple's 
representative  at  the 
inauguration  of  President 
Evelyn  E.  Handler. 

William  C.  Orman, 

principal  of  Stoneham  lunior 
High  School,  was  elected 
president  of  the 
Massachusetts  lunior 
High  Middle  School 
Principals  Association. 

'58 

Congratulations  to  Sanford 
Freedman  who  has  been 
named  an  executive 
vice-president  of 
Tollman-Hundley  Hotels 
and  president  of 
Tollman-Hundley 
Development  Corporation 
in  New  York  City. 

Swarthmore  College 
appointed  Laurence  I. 
Silberstein  to  be  the  school's 
first  faculty  member  to 
teach  ludaic  studies. 
Laurence,  an  ordained  rabbi, 
will  also  continue  to  teach 
part-time  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  where  he  is 
an  assistant  professor  of 
religious  studies. 


'59 

Orthodontist,  Ira  M.  Yerkes, 

recently  completed  a 
national  speaking  tour  on 
the  subject  of  treating  neck 
and  facial  pain.  Ira  has  been  a 
lecturer  for  the  past  ten  years 
at  Tufts  School  of  Dental 
.Medicine. 

'60 

William  Goodman 

is  employed  by  the  Helen 
Keller  National  Center  tor 
Deaf-Blind  Youths  and 
Adults  as  the  agency's 
Chicago  regional 
representative. 

'61 

.Matthew  Abrams 

was  named  president  of 
CANAMCO.  a  company 
which  represents  Canadian 
business  in  Washington, 
D.C.  Matt  also  chairs  the 
subcommittee  on  U.S. 
Legislation  for  the  Canadian 
Law  Committee  of  the 
American  Bar  Association. 

Geraldine  Myers  McNulty 

is  a  vice  president  at 
Narragansett  Capital 
Corporation  in  Providence, 
R.I.,  a  venture  capital  firm 
which  specializes  m 
investments  and  buyouts  of 
technical  companies.  A 
financial  analyst  and 
auditor,  Geraldine  is  a 
certified  public  accountant 
and  holds  advanced  degrees 
in  business  administration 
fmm  Har\-ard-Radcliffe  and 
Babson  College. 

'64 

David  H.  Goldman's 

law  firm.  Black,  Reimer  & 
Goldman,  has  moved  to  new 
offices  in  Des  .Moines,  Iowa. 

In  September  1983,  Temma 
Kaplan  became  director  of 
the  Barnard  College 
Women's  Center.  Previously 
an  associate  professor  of 
history  at  the  University  of 
California,  Los  Angeles, 
Temma  has  written 
extensively  on  women's 
issues  and  European  politics. 


AlanE.  Katz, 

former  senior  vice  president, 
treasurer  and  general 
counsel  for  Institutional 
Investors  Trust,  has  opened 
a  private  law  practice  in 
New  York  City. 

'65 

Regina  Schorin  Dederich 

is  a  member  of  the  board  of 
directors  and  the  executive 
committee  of  the  Synanon 
Church  in  Badger,  Calif. 

Ecologist  Michael  Dover  has 

joined  the  staff  of  the  World 
Resources  Institute  in 
Washington,  D.C,  where  he 
is  working  on  a  project  on 
the  use  of  global  pesticides. 

Nancy  J.  Hafkin 

is  a  research  officer  at  the 
United  Nations  Economic 
Commission  for  Africa.  She 
is  married  to  Berhanu  Abebe 
'66  (Wien),  who  is 
permanent  secretary  of 
domestic  trade  for  the 
government  of  Ethiopia. 

Vice  president  and  director 
of  public  affairs  for  WOR 
television  in  New  York, 
Marsha  A.  Kaminsky,  was 
elected  to  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  Federation  of 
Protestant  Welfare 
Agencies,  Inc. 

Marian  Siegal  Krauskopf 

received  a  certificate  last 
June  from  the  Ackerman 
Institute  for  Family 
Therapy.  In  addition  to  her 
private  practice,  she  is 
clinical  director  of  the 
Industrial  Social  Welfare 
Center  at  Columbia 
University  School  of  Social 
Work. 

'66 

Congratulations  to  professor 
of  Hispanic  American 
literature,  Roberto  .Marquez, 
on  being  named  the  first 
Harold  F.  lohnson  Professor 
at  Hampshire  College, 
Amherst,  Mass.  The 
lohnson  professorship  is 
awarded  in  recognition  of 
excellence  in  teaching  and 
outstanding  contributions 
to  the  life  of  the  college. 


'67 

Louis  L.  Hirsh 

has  been  appointed  associate 
director  of  admissions  at  the 
University  of  Puget  Sound  in 
Tacoma,  Wash. 

The  American  College  of 
Cardiology  announced  the 
election  of  Michael  L. 
Weinberger,  M.D.  to 
Fellowship  in  the  College. 
The  12,000  member 
professional  society  is 
dedicated  to  ensuring 
optimal  care  for  persons 
with  cardiovascular  disease. 

'68 

Brooke  Hastings  ("alias" 
Deborah  Hannes  Gordon) 

won  the  Romance  Writer  of 
America's  Gold  Medallion 
Award  for  her  novel  Winner 
Take  All. 

Martin  S.  Pemick 

is  living  in  Ann  Arbor  where 
he  teaches  the  history  of 
medicine  at  the  University 
of  Michigan. 

Henry  Sussman 

IS  the  author  of  The  Hegelian 
Aftermath:  Readings  in 
Hegel.  Kierkegaard.  Freud. 
Proust,  and  fames. 
published  by  the  lohns 
Hopkins  University  Press. 

'69 

In  Augtist  1983,  Linda  Kurtz 
Hallenborg  was  elected 
second  vice-chair  of  the 
National  Women's  Political 
Caucus.  Linda  is  also 
helping  to  fonn  an  Atlanta 
area  Alumni  Chapter  and 
would  like  to  hear  from 
other  alums  interested  in 
becoming  involved. 

Since  fall  1982,  Ruth  J.  Katz 
has  been  a  regular  guest  on 
"Saturday  Morning,"  a 
weekly  television  show  seen 
in  New  York  City, 
discussing  such  topics  as 
decorating  and  consumer 
affairs. 


Dr.  James  Kouhnan 

was  proiTidted  to  associate 
professor  of  surgery  at  the 
Bowman  Gray  School  of 
Medicine  of  Wake  Forest 
University  m  Ilhnois.  Jarnes 
is  noted  for  his  use  of  the 
carbon  dioxide  laser  as  a 
surgical  tool  for  the 
treatment  of  laryngological 
problems. 

Judith  N.  Lasker, 

assistant  professor  of 
sociology  at  Lehigh 
University,  has  been 
awarded  the  "Class  of  1961 
Professorship"  for  a  period  of 
two  years,  ludith  is  a 
specialist  in  women's  health 
and  medical  sociology  and  is 
the  co-author  of  When 
Pregnancy  Fails:  Families 
Coping  with  Miscarriage, 
Stillbirth  and  Infant  Death. 

Robert  Romasco 

is  a  vice-president  for 
market  research  at  Epsilon 
Data  Management,  Inc.,  in 
Burlingtcm,  Mass. 

Melvin  S.  Schwechter 

has  been  appointed  adjunct 
professor  of  law  at  the 
Benjamin  N.  Cardozo 
School  of  Law  in  New  York 
City  where  he  teaches  a 
seminar  on  international 
trade  law.  Melvin  is  also  a 
partner  in  the  law  offices  of 
Robert  M.  Gottschalk  in 
New  York  City  and 
Washington,  D.C. 

70 

Under  the  pen  name 
"Catherine  Moorhouse," 
Catherine  Allen  has 

co-authored  three  regency 
romances  issued  in  1983  by 
Dell  Publishing  Company. 

In  addition  to  teaching  gifted 
students  m  Riclimond,  Va., 
Paul  Fleisher  is  the  designer 
of  a  series  of  computer 
programs  entitled 
"Analogies  Tutorial,"  which 
provide  junior  high  school 
students  with  instruction  in 
the  fine  art  of  solving 
analogy  problems. 


'71 

Kudos  to  Steven  F.  Friedell 

on  his  promotion  to 
professor  at  Rutgers 
University  School  of  Law. 

Susan  Eisenbere  Panoff 

is  director  of  public  relations 
at  the  Grand  Bay  Hotel  in 
Coconut  Grove,  Fla.  She 
lives  in  Miami  with  her 
si.x-year-old  son,  foseph. 

Dr.  Adele  Wolfson 

has  joined  the  faculty  of 
Harvard  Medical  School, 
department  of 
obstetrics/gynecology  and 
biochemistry. 

72 

Congratulations  to  Beth  S. 
Farber  on  being  awarded  her 
doctorate  in  psychology 
from  the  graduate  school  of 
Halinemann  University  in 
Philadelphia. 

While  teaching  at  the 
Sidwell  Friends  School  in 
Washington,  D.C,  Robert 
Levin  is  completing  his 
doctoral  dissertation  in 
history  at  Carnegie-Mellon 
University. 

Marshall  Tokson 

is  practicing  internal 
medicine  in  West 
Bridgewater  and  Brockton, 
Mass. 

73 

Rabbi  Ronald  L.  Androphy 

was  recently  appointed 
spiritual  leader  of  the  East 
Meadow  lewish  Center,  East 
Meadow,  N.Y. 

Janet  Jacobson  Bell 

is  working  as  an 
environmental  control 
specialist  for  McDonnell 
Douglas-Douglas  Aircraft  in 
Long  Beach,  Calif. 

Air  Force  Captain  Lewis  M. 
Etcoff  received  his  Ph.D.  in 
clinical  psychology  from  the 
University  of  Toledo  in 
August  1 983.  He  has  been 
assigned  to  Nellis  Air  Force 
Base  in  Las  Vegas  where  he 
will  be  practicing  clinical 
psychology. 


Carol  Ann  Manning,  M.D., 

has  been  named  director  of 
emergency  services  at 
University  of  Minnesota 
Hospitals. 

Temple  Aliyah  of  Needham, 
Mass.,  appointed  Rabbi 
Elliot  Salo  Schoenberg  its 

new  spiritual  leader.  Rabbi 
Schoenberg  was  associate 
rabbi  at  Temple  Emanuel  in 
Newton,  Mass. 

74 

Webster  Bull 

is  president  of  White  Horse 
Productions  which  owns 
and  operates  the  Cabot 
Street  Theatre  in  Beverly, 
Mass.,  home  of  the 
renowned  Le  Grand  David 
Magic  Company. 

Patricia  Mayer 

is  living  in  Santa  Monica, 
Calif,  and  works  as  an 
attorney  for  NBC  Inc.  in 
their  labor  relations 
department. 

75 

Congratulations  to  attorney 
David  H.  Baum,  on  being 
named  to  the  bar  of  the 
United  States  Supreme 
Court. 

Dr.  Drucy  Borowitz 

is  practicing  pediatric 
medicine  in  San  Francisco. 

Bennet  S.  Epstein 

completed  his  doctorate  m 
clinical  psychology  from  the 
Massachusetts  School  of 
Professional  Psychology  and 
is  on  the  staff  of  a  local 
community  health  center  in 
Boston. 

Attorney  David  B.  Fisher  is 

practicing  law  with  the  firm 
of  Green  &  Friedman  in 
Boston. 

Irwin  L.  and  Joan  Munster 
Govemian  returned  to 
Pasadena,  Calif,  after  a 
two-month  work 
assignment  in  South  Africa, 
Zimbabwe  and  Kenya.  Irwin 
is  working  as  a  senior 
consultant  with  Touche 
Ross  iS.  Co.  in  Los  Angeles 
and  Joan  is  doing 
postdoctoral  research  in 
genetics  at  CalTech. 


In  September  1983  Suzanne 
Ginsberg  Schwaeer  began 
working  toward  her  Ph.D.  in 
organizational  behavior  at 
the  University  of  Maryland 
in  College  Park. 

Ileene  Smith 

is  an  editor  of  fiction  and 
nonfiction  at  Summit  Books 
in  New  York,  a  division  of 
Simon  &  Schuster,  and 
would  be  happy  to  consider 
manuscripts  from  Brandeis 
faculty  and  alumni/ac. 

Kevin  F.  Smith 

has  been  promoted  to  senior 
manager  in  the  consulting 
department  of  Peat 
Marwick,  an  international 
accounting  firm.  Kevin 
received  his  M.S.  in  health 
care  administration  from 
Ohio  State  University  and 
specializes  in  financial 
planning  for  health  care 
organizations. 

In  May  1983,  Margery  Ellen 
Williams  was  awarded  her 
J.D.L.  from  Northeastern 
University  School  of  Law  in 
Boston. 

76 

Robert  S.  Frank 

is  an  assistant  vice-president 
with  the  New  York  branch 
of  the  Multinational 
Corporate  Lending  Group  of 
Algemene  Bank,  Nederland. 
In  September  of  1983,  his 
wife,  Robin  Jaffee,  began 
working  toward  her  Ph.D.  in 
art  history  at  Yale 
University. 

Graphic  designer,  Darrell 
Hayden,  was  appointed 
design  coordinator  for  the 
1984  Los  Angeles  Olympic 
Organizing  Committee. 

Vicki  Kanrek-Clark 

has  joined  Bolt,  Beranek  & 
Newman  Computer 
Corjioration  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.  as  sales  administrator 
for  international  sales. 


A  member  of  the  production 
staff  of  the  Lyric  Opera  of 
Chicago,  Matthew  Lata 
directed  "I  Paghacci"  for  the 
Dallas  Opera.  He  also  served 
as  production  manager  for 
the  Dallas  Opera,  the  Santa 
Fe  Opera  and  Opera 
Colorado  in  Denver. 

Karyn  Range!  Lcwin 
is  a  resident  in  Obstetrics 
and  Gynecology  at  Long 
Island  College  Hospital. 

Congratulations  to  Jeffrey 
Perry-Marx  who  has  been 
ordained  a  rabbi  and  will 
serve  as  assistant  rabbi  at 
Temple  Israel  in  Boston. 

Kenneth  A.  Rodman 

has  received  his  doctorate 
from  MIT  and  joined  the 
faculty  of  New  York 
University's  department  of 
politics. 

Raina  Chamovitz  Rosenberg 

is  living  in  lerusalem  where 
she  is  in  her  third  year  at  the 
Hadassah  Medical  School  of 
Hebrew  University. 

Dr.  Donald  Jeffrey  Solomon 

is  a  resident  in  neurology  at 
Duke  University  Medical 
Center.  Linda  Kaufman  '1'' 
Solomon  graduated  from 
law  school  in  1982. 

11 

Asofluly  1983,  DebraJ. 

Goldberg  Butler  became 

director  of  the  Brandeis 
Jewish  Education  Sunday 
School  Program. 

Robert  E.  Griffin 
received  his  Masters  of 
Science  degree  in  public 
communication  from 
Boston  University  and  is 
planning  a  career  in  fund 
raising  with  a  specialty  in 
supportive  film  production. 

Randy  Gross, 

a  management  assistant  in 
the  city  manager's  and 
mayor's  office  in  Tempe, 
Ariz.,  has  been  elected 
president  of  the  Board  of 
Directors  of  Family  Villas,  a 
foster  care  agency  serving 
the  greater  Phoenix  area. 
Randy  also  serves  on  the 
Mayor's  Committee  on 
Employment  of  the 
Handicapped  in  Arizona. 


Dr.  Benjamin  Hoffman 

and  his  wife,  Alexa  Haskell, 
spent  six  months  traveling 
around  the  U.S.  and  Asia 
before  returning  to  Rhode 
Island  where  Beniamin  is  an 
intern  at  the  Rhode  Island 
Hospital  m  Providence. 

In  1979,  Jill  Zaklow received 
her  master's  degree  in 
writing  from  Johns  Hopkins 
University.  She  is  now 
medical  promotion  manager 
for  the  publishing  company 
of  Springer- Verlag  New  York 
Inc.  and  is  also  working  on 
her  M.B.A. 

78 

From  California  comes  word 
that  Susan  Friedman 
Bertnan  has  earned  a 
doctorate  in  clinical 
psychology  and  is  a  staff 
psychologist  at  a  school  for 
emotionally  disturbed 
children  in  Los  Angeles. 

Laura  Garrett  Chabrow 
is  a  computer  auditor  for  the 
accounting  finn  of  Coopers 
6^  Lybrand. 

In  May  1983,  Robert?. 
dlGrazia  received  his  J.D.L. 
from  the  New  England 
School  of  Law. 

Elyse  Goldstein 

was  ordained  a  rabbi  in  May 
1983  and  is  now  assistant 
rabbi  at  Holy  Blossom 
Temple  in  Toronto,  Canada. 

1981  Har\'ard  Law  School 
graduate  Sandra  Spitzer 
Kanter,  is  an  associate  with 
the  Los  Angeles  law  firm  of 
Cox,  Castle  6<  Nicholson. 

Randi  Musnitsky 

was  ordained  a  rabbi  by 
Hebrew  Union 
College-Jewish  Institute  of 
Religion  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  She  will  serve  as 
assistant  rabbi  to  the 
Rockdale  Temple  in 
Cincinnati. 

Dr.  .Wichael  W.  Port 

graduated  from  Downstate 
Medical  College  in  1982.  He 
is  currently  an 
anesthesiology'  resident  at 
Columbia  Presbyterian 
Medical  Center  in  New- 
York  City. 


In  May  1983,  Dr.  Phyliss 
Hipshman  Shapiro 
graduated  from  Georgetown 
University's  School  of 
Medicine.  She  is  completing 
her  internship  in 
obstetrics-g>'necology  at  St. 
Lukes-Roosevelt  Hospital 
Center  in  New  York  City. 

Michael  J.  Stebbins 
has  received  his  J.D.L.  from 
the  New  England  College 
School  of  Law. 

Charles  Stewart 

was  awarded  a  Fulbright 
grant  for  the  1983-84 
academic  year  to  continue 
his  studies  in  social 
anthropology. 

79 

Jordan  Bublick 

received  his  law  degree  from 
Ohio  State  University  in 
June  1983  and  is  working 
toward  a  masters  of  law 
degree  in  taxation  at  New- 
York  University. 

Robert  S.  Cohen 
has  joined  the  law  firm  of 
Madigan,  Parker,  Gatlin, 
Swedmark  and  Skelding  in 
Tallahassee,  Fla. 

Catherine  Blumberg 
Gildesgame 

is  coordinator  of  contracts 
and  development  for  the 
Cambridge  Hospital 
Department  of  Psychiatr>',  a 
Harvard  Medical  School 
affiliate.  Cathy  and  her 
husband,  Michael,  spent  a 
month  honeymooning  in 
Tanzania,  where  the 
adventurous  couple  climbed 
to  the  top  of  Mount 
Kilimanjaro. 

Congratulations  to  Marc  S. 
Groinis,  who  graduated  cum 
laude  and  first  in  his  class 
from  St.  John's  University 
School  of  Law  in  June  1983. 
Marc  received  the  West 
Publishing  Aw-ard  for 
scholastic  achievement  and 
the  Moot  Court  Award  for 
having  served  as  Chief 
lustice  of  the  Moot  Court. 
He  IS  now  clerk  to  Judge 
John  T.  Elfvin  of  the  United 
States  Distnct  Court  in 
Buffalo,  N.Y. 


Dean  Hanks 

has  been  named  campaign 
director  for  the  United  Way 
of  Pierce  Countv,  Tacoma, 
Wash. 

Stephanie  Husik 

is  director  of  the  Media 
Center  for  the  School  of 
Government  and  Business 
Administration,  George 
Washington  University,  in 
charge  of  publicity  and 
publications  for  the  school. 

David  J.  Kramer  and  Wendy 
Philips  '80  were  married  on 
Feb.  26,  1983.  Other 
Brandeis  alumni  in 
attendance  were:  best  man 
Jonathan  Lerner,  Andy 
Davis,  Drew  Brodsky,  Sonya 
Walker  '80,  Melinda  Levitt 
'80,  Marian  Philips  '69,  Carl 
Philips  '75,  Penny  Pressman 
Bernstein  '68,  and  Jon 
Bernstein  '69.  David  is  a 
resident  in  internal 
medicine  at  Thomas 
Jefferson  University 
Hospital.  Wendy  is  a  stock 
options  floorbroker  on  the 
Philadelphia  Stock 
Exchange. 

Lisa  M.  Levine 
is  a  first  year  student  at  the 
University  of  Massachusetts 
Medical  School  which, 
according  to  Lisa,  will  come 
as  a  surprise  to  anyone  who 
knew  her  at  Brandeis. 

A  member  of  the  Maryland 
Bar,  Joseph  Lustig  is  a  legal 
editor  with  the  Labor 
Relations  Reporter  of  the 
Bureau  of  National  Affairs, 
Inc. 

Seth  D.  Moldoff 
has  been  promoted  to 
banking  officer  with  the 
Continental  Illinois 
National  Bank  and  Trust 
Company  of  Chicago,  and  is 
working  out  of  the  Los 
Angeles  branch  of  the  bank. 
Seth  received  his  M.B.A. 
from  the  University  of 
Michigan  in  1981. 

Stephen  Rubin 

is  working  in  the 
import-export  department  of 
the  Bank  Leumi  in 
Jerusalem,  Israel.  At  the 
time  of  this  writing,  he  and 
his  wife,  Susan,  were 
expecting  their  first  child. 


Dr.  Hanna  Shemian 

is  doing  her  residency  in 
pediatrics  at  the  Children's 
Hospital  in  Philadelphia. 
Her  husband,  Daniel  Mark 
Sheff  '80,  is  a  medical 
student  at  Albert  Einstein 
College  of  Medicine. 

Graduate  degrees  were 
awarded  to  many  members 
of  the  Class  of  '79  this  past 
May  including  Robert 
Bernstein  who  received  a 
D.M.D.  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania;  William 
Reid  Camann  who  was 
awarded  an  M.D.  from 
Pennsylvania  State 
University;  Lori  Lynn  Gross 
who  graduated  from  the 
Medical  College  of  the 
Universidad  Autonoma  de 
Guadalajara  in  Mexico;  Rion 
Kweller,  M.A.  m  clinical 
psychology  frt)m  Bowling 
Green  State  University  in 
Ohio;  Daniel  N.  Lucas  who 
received  an  M.D.  from  the 
University  of  Cincinnati; 
Philip  Mitchel  Maurer,  M.D. 
from  Thomas  lefferson 
University  in  Philadelphia; 
Ira  Allan  Rieiner,  awarded 
an  M.D.  from  the  University 
of  Texas  at  San  Antonio; 
Mark  L  Rubinstein,  who 
also  received  an  M.D.  from 
Thomas  Jefferson 
University  in  Philadelphia; 
Mark  Schor,  M.D.  from  St. 
Louis  University  in 
Missouri;  and  Anthony 
Sherman,  who  received  an 
M.D.  from  Hahnemann 
University  in  Philadelphia. 

Congratulations  to  all! 


'80 

In  June  1983,  Keith  Asarkof, 
Alan  Budd  and  Nancy 
Hamburger  were  awarded 
D.M.D.  degrees  at  Tufts 
University  School  of  Dental 
Medicine. 

Carl  Barnes 

is  in  his  last  year  at  Harvard 
Medical  School. 


In  May  1983  Raymond 
Baxter  was  awarded  his 
l.D.L.  from  New  York 
University  School  of  Law 
and  is  associated  with  the 
New  York  City  law  firm  of 
Cahill,  Gordon  c^  Reindel. 
His  wife,  Lisa  Savery,  is 
employed  as  a  third  grade 
teacher  at  the  Birch  Wathen 
School  m  New  York  City. 

Steven  Berman  and  Vivian 
Kane  are  engaged  and  plan  to 
be  married  in  March  1984. 
Steve  is  a  fourth  year 
medical  student  at  Tufts 
University  and  Viv  is  m  her 
third  year  at  Downstate 
Medical  College. 

Lisa  Braun 

has  moved  to  Miami,  Fla. 
with  her  fiancee.  Dr.  Aaron 
Kenigsberg.  Lisa  is  a 
producer  with  WPLG-TV  in 
Miami,  an  ABC  affiliate. 

Gar>;  M.  Clay 

received  his  Master  of  Social 
Work  degree  this  past  May 
from  Barr>'  University  in 
Florida. 

Debby  Cummis 

has  been  named  affiliate 
relations  coordinator  for  the 
ABC  Radio  Adult  Networks 
for  the  1984  summer  and 
winter  Olympic  Games.  She 
will  be  working  out  of  ABC's 
New  York  office. 

In  May  1983  Glenn  Hayden 
Darnell  was  awarded  his 
f.D.L.  from  Northeastern 
University  School  of  Law  in 
Boston  and  Steven 
Fisehbach  also  received  his 
f.D.L.  in  May  from  Boston 
University  Law  School. 

In  1982  Matthew  J.  Gordon 

received  his  master  of 
science  degree  in  civil 
engineering  from  MIT.  He  is 
employed  as  a  ground  water 
hydrologist  and  project 
manager  for  the  U.S. 
Nuclear  Regulatory 
Commission  in 
Washington,  D.C. 


Lisa  Kitinoja 

has  finished  her  M.S.  degree 
in  International  Agricultural 
Development  at  the 
University  of  California, 
Davis.  She  will  continue  her 
graduate  studies  at  Davis, 
specializing  in  the  post 
harvest  physiology  of  root 
crops. 

Glenn  Levine  and  Alisa 
Zimbaiist  '81  were  married 
on  June  26,  1 983  in  St.  Louis, 
Missouri.  In  the  wedding 
party  were  Brandeis 
alumni  ae  Amy  .Mintz,  '81 
who  will  be  a  first  year 
M.B.A.  student  at  the 
University  of  Chicago,  and 
Jelf  Lester  '80,  a  second  year 
student  at  New  York 
College  of  Osteopathic 
Medicine  on  Long  Island. 
Glenn  and  Alisa  are  living  in 
Brookline,  Mass.  where 
Alisa  is  an  administrative 
assistant  for  Fidelity 
Corporation  and  Glenn  is  a 
salesman  for  Prudential 
Insurance. 


Lenny  Maiman 

received  his  J.D.L.  from  the 
Georgetown  University  Law 
Center  in  .May  1983.  He  is 
living  in  Fort  Lauderdale, 
Fla.,  where  he  is  an  associate 
with  the  firm  of  Ruden, 
Bamett,  McCloskey, 
Schuster  &.  Russell. 

Edward  Pendergast 

has  become  product 
manager  at  Lotus 
Development  Corporation 
in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  a 
micro  computer  software 
company.  Ed  sends  along 
words  of  praise  for  the 
Brandeis  summer  interns 
with  whom  he  has  worked, 
and  highly  recommends  the 
internship  program  to  all 
employers. 

In  September  1983,  Janet 
Strassman  began  studying 
for  a  graduate  degree  in 
social  work  from  Smith 
College.  She  is  doing  her  first 
year  internship  in  Atlanta 
where  she  is  working  at  a 
family  service  agency. 


Having  a 
wiJl 
is  like 
holding 
a  winiiiiig 
hand. 


with  a  will .  .  . 

\uu  deeiiJe  iiow  \()ur  assets  are 
to  be  used,  and  In  wiioni.  in  the 
future.  \oti  name  \ our  own  e.xecii- 
tor.  \<)u  can  establish  tnists.  ^ou 
can  reduce  and  .sometimes  elimi- 
nate ta.\es  and  othei'  administrative 
e.xpenses.  Gills  of  cash  or  propertv 
to  eharilies  and  in.ititutions  can 
benelil  mhi. 

Witliiiul  a  will  .  .  . 
vnu  lia\e  losl  control,  h  w  ill  then 
be  u|)  to  the  slate  to  decide  how 
your  assets  are  to  be  distrilmied. 

For  more  iidorniaiiuu  almui  ilie 
inifxirtance  of  a  w  ill  and  wavs 
that  you  can  include  Brandeis. 
send  lor  our  hroclnne. 
"Your  Li\  ing  Lefraey!  Copies 
a\ailal>le  l)\  w  riling  orcalliiii; 
.|ose|jli  K.  (iolield.  Director  ol' 
Planned  (ii\  ing.  Brandeis  L  ni- 
versilN.  Waltliani.  Massachusetts 
()22.Hor()r-(H':'-23.'5y. 


Grads 


Lawrence  Warmflash 

was  awarded  his  |.D.L.  from 
the  University  ot  Bridgeport 
School  of  Law  in  May  1983. 

Newlyweds,  Carol  A. 
Weisenberg  and  David 
Kerman  '79,  are  living  in 
Brookline,  Mass.  Carol  is 
employed  as  a  health  care 
specialist  and  David  is  an 
associate  with  the  law  firm 
of  Ropes  (^  Gray. 

'81 

In  August  1983  Laura  V. 
Dow  graduated  from  the 
Social  Work  in  Health  Care 
Graduate  Certificate 
Program  of  the 
Massachusetts  General 
Hospital  Institute  of  Health 
Professions. 

ElisaFay  Fishbein 

has  received  her  M.B.  A.  from 
the  Wharton  School  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania 
this  past  spring.  She  and  her 
sister,  Sarah  Kay  Fishbein 
'80,  are  also  pleased  to  report 
that  their  brother,  Kalman 
lay  Fishbein,  is  a  member  of 
the  Brandcis  class  of  '87. 

Lois  C.  Krupnick 

is  employed  as  an  equity 
research  analyst  at  Mabon, 
Nugent  ls  Co.,  in  New  York. 
Congratulations  to  Lois  on 
being  the  1983  recipient  of 
the  Wall  Street  Journal 
Student  Achievement 
Award. 

Alan  Rothenberg 

is  working  as  a  copy^vriter  at 
Lansdowne  Advertising 
Group  in  New  York  City  and 
welcomes  inquiries  from 
alumni  interested  in 
pursuing  careers  in 
advertising. 

Debbie  Sacks 

has  recently  taken  the 
position  of  director  of  the 
Folk  Arts  Center  of  New 
England  in  Cambridge, 
Mass. 


'82 

Three  founding  members  of 
The  Watch,  a  Brandeis 
student  forum  dedicated  to 
analyzing  political  and 
literary  trends,  were 
reunited  in  Brighton,  Mass. 
Michael  Conford  and  his 
wife,  Grace,  are  living  in  San 
Francisco,  where  Michael  is 
in  law  school  at  the 
University  of 

California  Berkeley.  Nelson 
Handel  is  living  in  Brighton 
and  acting  with  the  Boston 
Theater  Group  and  Aaron 
Dov  .Adler  is  a  first  year 
student  at  Yale  Law  School. 

Tela  Mochs 

was  a  management  intern  at 
Cornell  .Medical 
Center  New  York  Hospital 
in  the  summer  of  1983.  Teta 
is  working  toward  her 
master's  degree  m  health 
services  administration 
from  the  University  of 
Michigan. 

Daniel  S.  Morse  and  Miriam 
Grub  were  married  lune 
1983  in  Miami  Beach,  Fla. 
Among  their  guests  were 
alumni  ae  Elizabeth 
Feldrnan,  Susan  Lewton, 
Patricia  Reynolds,  Lisa 
Schnapper,  Scott  Winikoff 
and  Aviva  Werner.  Miriam 
and  Dan  are  living  in 
Chicago  where  Dan  is  a 
second  year  student  at 
Chicago  Medical  School  and 
Miriam  is  in  her  second  year 
at  Northwestern  University 
Law  School. 

Raphael  Strauss 

is  in  his  second  year  at 
Mount  Sinai  School  of 
Medicine.  His  wife,  Mindy 
Frankel,  is  in  her  first  year  at 
New  York  Law  School. 


'61 

Sherman  Merle  (Ph.D., 
Heller)  has  been  appointed 
Dean  of  the  School  of  Social 
Work  at  Southern 
Connecticut  State 
University  in  New  Haven. 

'66 

Harold  W.  Demone,  Jr. 

(Ph.D.,  Heller),  Dean  of  the 
School  of  Social  Work, 
Rutgers  University,  will 
spend  his  spring  '84 
semester  sabbatical  at  the 
Harvard  University  School 
of  Public  Health.  While  at 
Harvard,  he  will  teach  a 
seminar  on  alcohol  related 
problems  and  public  policy, 
and  continue  his  research  on 
adolescent  drinking. 

'68 

Congratulations  to  Karen 
Uhlenbeck  (M.A., 
mathematics  '67,  Ph.D., 
mathematics),  recipient  of  a 
MacArthur  Foundation 
fellowship  in  luly  1983.  This 
coveted  "no  strings"  award 
enables  scientists,  scholars 
and  artists  to  pursue 
research  or  other  creative 
activity.  Karen  was  cited  for 
her  outstanding 
contribution  to  the  fields  of 
geometry  and  partial 
differential  equations. 

'69 

Murray  S.Davis  (Ph.D., 

Sociology)  is  the  author  of  a 
sociological  study  on 
sexuality  entitled  "Smut, 
Erotic  Reality  Obscene 
Ideology,"  published  by  the 
University  of  Chicago  Press. 

For  the  past  five  years,  David 
L  Owen  (M.A., 
Mediterranean  Studies  '63; 
Ph.D.,  Mediterranean 
Studies)  has  directed  the 
joint  Tel-Aviv  Cornell 
University  summer 
excavation  program  at  Tel 
Aphek-Antipatns,  Israel. 

72 

Arthur  J.  Naparstek  (Ph.D., 
Heller)  is  the  new  Dean  of 
the  School  of  Applied  Social 
Sciences  at  Case  Western 
Reserve  University  as  well 
as  the  Grace  Longwell  Coyle 
Professor  of  Social  Work. 


'73 

Robert  B.  Wexelblatt  (Ph.D., 
English  and  American 
Literature)  was  the  1983 
recipient  of  the  Metcalf  Cup 
and  Prize  for  Excellence  in 
Teaching  at  Boston 
University. 

'74 

Nancy  Falik  Cott  (Ph.D., 
History  of  American 
Civilization),  Yale 
University  history  professor 
and  author  of  The  Bonds  of 
Womanhood:  Women's 
Sphere  in  New  England, 
1780-1835.  was  recently 
elected  to  membership  in 
the  American  Antiquarian 
Society  in  Worcester,  MA. 

'75 

Frances  L.  Portnoy  (M.A., 

Sociology  '66;  Ph.D., 
Sociologs')  was  awarded  the 
"Apple"  Aw-ardfor 
excellence  in  teaching  from 
the  Massachusetts 
Sociological  Association. 
She  was  also  honored  as  the 
first  recipient  of  the 
Malcolm  Alderfer 
Schwciker  Award  for 
innovative  practice  in 
nursing  from  the  Society  of 
Alumni,  University  of 
Pennsylvania. 

'76 

David  Cohen  (M.F.A., 

Theater  Arts)  has  resumed 
his  post  as  co-director  of  the 
Hampshire  College  Theatre, 
Amherst,  Mass.,  after  a 
sabbatical  year  in  which  he 
finished  his  new  play,  "Baby 
Grand."  The  play  was  one  of 
four  selected  in  a  national 
competition  for  production 
at  Theatre-in-the-Works,  a 
developmental  program  at 
the  University  of 
Massachusetts. 

Fernando  Torres-Gil  (Ph.D., 
Heller)  has  been  elected  to 
the  Board  of  Directors  of  the 
Villers  Foundation,  the 
nation's  first  foundation 
focusing  on  public  policy 
issues  affecting  older 
Americans.  He  is  currently 
assistant  professor  of 
gerontology  and  public 
administration  at  the 
University  of  Southern 
California. 


77 

Nancy  L.  Lohiuann  (Ph.D., 
Heller  Schooll,  associate 
professor  of  social  work  at 
West  Virginia  University,  is 
president  of  the  .SOO-member 
Southern  Gerontological 
Society. 

Congratulations  to  Louise 
Levesque  Lopinan  (M.A., 
Sociology  '7.S;  Ph.D., 
Sociology)  on  being 
promoted  to  associate 
professor  with  tenure  and 
appointed  chaiiperson  of  the 
Department  of  Sociology  at 
Regis  College  in  Weston, 
Mass. 


Marriages 

William  Goodman  '60  to 
Susan  Wold,  September 
1983. 

Martin  S.  Pemick  '68  to 
Marie  R.  Deveney. 
Robert  Levin  72  to  Carol 
Harmatz,  July  1983. 
Janet  Jacobson  Bell  '73  to 
Richard  Bell,  October  1982. 
David  B.  Fisher  '75  to 
Suzanne  Fiorillo,  June  1983. 
Darrell  Hay  den  '76  to  Brenda 
Ehlert,  June  1983. 
Dr.  Karyn  Bangcl  Lewin  '76 
to  Dr.  Bernard  Lewin,  1980. 
Deborah  Gould  Nason  '76  to 
Richard  I.  Nason,  June  1983. 
Raina  Chamovitz  Rosenberg 
'76  to  Zvika  Rosenberg, 
August  1983. 


Dr.  Benjamin  Hoffman  '77 
to  Alcxa  Haskell,  lanuary 
1983. 

Jill  Zaklow  '77  to  Evan 
Leepson,  October  1983, 
Laura  M.  Garrett  '78  to  Eric 
R.Chabrow,  May  1983. 
Sandra  Spitzer  Kanter  '78  to 
Dr.  Michael  H.  Kanter,  May 
1983. 

Dr.  Phyliss  Hipshman 
Shapiro  '78  to  Steven 
Shapiro,  August  1982. 
Catherine  Blumberg 
Gildesgame  '79  to  Michael 
Gildesgame,  June  1983. 
Lisa  M.  Levine  '79  to  Mare 
W.  Potvin,  July  1983. 
Helise  Lieberman  '79  to  Yale 
J.  Reisner,  October  1982. 
Joseph  Lustig  '79  to  Susanne 
Lustig,  Apriri983. 
Stephen  Rubin  '79  to  Susan 
Koplo,  July  1981. 
Dr.  Hanna  Sherman  '79  to 
Daniel  Mark  Sheff  '80,  luly 
1983. 

Carl  Barnes  '80  to  Barbara 
Heffner,  May  1983. 
Raymond  Baxter  '80  to  Lisa 
Savery '80,  August  1983. 
Gary  M.  Clay  '80  to  Deborah 
Ann  Nelson,  May  1 983. 
Steven  Fischbach  '80  to 
Marci  Myers  '80,  August 
1983. 

Lenny  Maiman  '80  to  Lynn 
Goldstein,  September  1983. 
Carol  A.  Weisenberg  '80  to 
David  J.  Kerman  '79. 
Raphael  Strauss  '82  to 
Mindy  Frankel  '82,  August 
1983. 

Congratulations  to  all! 


Births 

To  EUen  Short  Goldin  '69 

and  Michael  Goldin,  twins, 

Laura  Rachael  and  Mark 

Eliot,  June  6,  1983. 

To  Eve  Shapiro  '72  and  Paul 

Gordon,  a  son,  Beniamin 

Aaron,  March  17,  1983. 

To  Marshall  Tokson  '72  and 

Linda  Tokson,  a  daughter, 

Jessica  Lauren,  August  12, 

1983. 

To  Felice  Goldyne 

Newburgh  '73  and  Edward 

Newburgh,  a  son,  Jeffrey 

Daniel,  Apnl  12,  1983. 

To  Deborah  A.  Posin  '73,  a 

son,  Benjamin  Posin  Jacobs, 

June  9,  1983. 

To  Deborah  Feith  Tye  '73 

and  Gary  Steven  Tye,  a 

daughter,  Dana  Feith,  March 

23,  1983. 

To  Wendy  Gatof  Malina  '74 

and  Dick  Malina,  a  daughter, 

Cathenne  Helen,  April  25, 

1983. 

To  Dr.  Drucy  Borowitz  '75 

and  Dr.  Philip  Glide,  a 

daughter,  Zoey  Rose,  June  7, 

1983. 

To  Frank  Linde  '75  and  Amy 

Chatsky  Linde  '77,  a 

daughter,  Emily  Rachel, 

February  14,  1983. 

To  Stephen  A.  Linde  '75  and 

Carol  Linde,  a  son,  Brian 

Mark,  Apnl  12,  1983. 

To  Suzanne  Ginsberg 

Schwager  '75  and  Dr.  Robert 

Schwager,  a  daughter, 

Andrea,  April  27,  1982. 

To  Robert  S.  Frank  '76  and 

Robin  Jaffee  '77,  a  son,  lared 

Daniel,  luly  22,  1983. 


To  Carol  Schaffer  Goldin  '76 

and  Moshe  Goldin,  a  son, 
Oren  Isaac,  May  27,  1983. 
To  Dr.  Donald  Jeffrey 
Solomon  '76  and  Linda 
Kaufman  Solomon  '77,  a 
son,  Isaac,  March  14,  1983. 
To  Daniel  Fins  '77  and 
Deborah  Liss  Fins  '77,  a  son, 
Adam  Michael,  July  17, 
1983. 

To  Mark  Meyerowitz  '77 
and  Nancy  Meyerowitz,  a 
son,  Jeffrey,  June  23,  1983. 
To  Michael  W.  Port  '78  and 
lacqueline  Port,  a  daughter, 
Lindsey  Rebecca,  December 
26,  1982. 

To  Susan  Friesheim 
Kahnowitz  '79  and  Dr. 
Samuel  Kahnowitz,  a 
daughter,  Marcia  Anne,  luly 
4,  1983. 

To  Betsey  Sicherman  Lopata 
'79  and  Benjamin  Lopata,  a 
daughter,  Karen  Monica, 
Iune21,  1983. 
Best  wishes  to  the  proud 
parents! 


Obituaries 

Melesse  Ayalew,  a  1967 
Wien  student,  died  in  Addis 
Ababa  on  July  19,  1982. 
Katharine  S.  Falk  'G,  student 
and  teacher  of  Jewish 
history,  died  on  August  24, 
1983. 

Judith  Drachler  Handel  '67, 
professor  of  sociology,  died 
on  June  13,  1983. 
Daniel  L.  Ravin  '71  died  on 
June  14,  1983. 


Newsnote 


News: 


We  invite  you  to  submit 
articles,  photos  or  news  of 
interest  to  the  Alumni 
Office  for  review.  Notes 
and  articles  received  by 
July  30  will  be  considered 
for  the  fall  issue. 


D 


Name 


Brandeis  Degree  ik  Class  Year 


Please  check  here  if  address 

is  different 

from  mailing  label. 


Address 


Please  Alumni  Office 

retum  to  Brandeis  University 

Waltham,  Massachusetts 

02254. 


Reunion 

Schedule  of  Activities. 


Letters  to  the  Editor 


rekindle  fading  memories 


Have  You  Kept  in  Touchl 
Relive  your  college  days .  . 

.  .  .  renew  old  friendships 

Come  to  the  1984  Reunion  Weekend  May  18-20 

Friday,  May  18, 1984 


Noon-Midnight 

Registration  and  Welcome 

3:00-5:00  p.m. 

Athletic  facihties  open  (pool, 
tennis,  squash,  steam  and 
sauna) 

6:00  p.m.-8:30  p.m. 

Class  dinners  with  President 
Handler  Chancellor  Sachar 

8:00  p.m.-10:00  p.m. 

"See  the  Stars"  Observatory 
viewing 

8:30  p.m. 

Individual  class  parties 

Saturday,  May  19, 1984 

7:30  a.m.-7:30  p.m. 

Registration  and  Welcome 
continues 

8:00  a.m. 

logger's  tour 

8:00  a.m.-9:30  a.m. 

Informal  breakfast 

9:00  a.m.-10:30  a.m. 

Friends  of  Brandeis  Athletics 
Awards  breakfast 

9:00  a.m.-.S:00  p.m. 

Athletic  facilities  open 

10:00  a.m.-l  1:00  a.m. 

"lournalism:  Government 
Responsibility  to  Media  and 
Press" 

11 :00  a.m. -Noon 


Symposium:  "Academia  and 
the  Liberal  Arts:  Meeting  the 
Needs  of  our  Professional 
Society" 


Noon-2:00p.m.' 

Ralph  Norman  emeritus 
barbecue 

2:00  p.m.-4:00  p.m. 

Class  colloquium 

2:00  p.m. -3:00  p.m. 

Architectural  tour 

2:30  p.m.-3:30  p.m. 

Softball  game  with  classmates 

7:00  p.m.-Midnight 

Reunion  gala  '84  Quincy 
Market  rotunda 

Sunday,  May  20, 1984 

8:00  a.m.-12:30  p.m. 

Athletic  facilities  open 

10:30  a.m.-12:00  noon 

Commencement  brunch 

12:30  p.m. 

COMMENCEMENT 
EXERCISES 

2:00  p.m.-3:00  p.m. 

Fond  Farewell  —  Box  lunch 

Dear  Editor, 

Professor  Saul  Cohen's 
article  "Remembrance  of 
Times  to  Come"  that  was 
included  in  the  recent 
Special  Inaugural  issue  of 
the  Brandeis  Review  was  a 
thoughtful  piece  that 
deserves  appreciation  and 
congratulations.  Having 
Professor  Cohen  as  Grand 
Marshall  of  the 
inauguration,  was  fitting 
testimony  of  a  lifetime 
devotion  to  scholarship  and 
the  proper  pursuit  of 
intellect. 

Sincerely, 
David  R.  Schwarz 
Larmont,  New  York 


The  Editor 
Brandeis  Review 

1  am  unhappy  about  the 
numerous  editorial  changes 
made  in  my  article  "In  the 
Begmmng:  Particle  Physics 
and  Cosmology"  which 
appeared  in  the  Brandeis 
Review.  These  changes  were 
made  without  my 
knowledge  or  consent  and  I 
believe  they  detracted  from 
the  quality  of  the  original 
article. 

Sincerely, 
Laurence  F.  Abbott 
Professor  of  Physics 


Dear  Editor: 

Happily  my  name  was  on 
your  list  for  the  special 
inaugural  issue  of  the 
Brandeis  Review.  It  is  a 
first-class  piece  of  work  and  I 
congratulate  you  and  your 
staff.  Hoping  you  will 
continue  to  share  your 
publication  with  me,  1  am 

Very  truly  yours, 
Norman  S.  Fink 
Deputy  Vice  President 
Columbia  University 


Letting  Her  Fall 


continued 


thing  IS.  Even  a  year  later.  I  can  understand  hciw  each  of  you 
feels,"  he  said.  "A  little  chunk  of  your  common  history 
gone.  Gone." 

Allowing  him  the  illusion  that  we  were  weeping,  Aunt 
Greta,  tears  runnmg  lines  through  her  make-up  foundation, 
managed  to  say,  "Oh,  David,  thank  you  so  much.  Thank 
you.  Mimi  and  I  feel  so  good  to  know  that  you're  with  us. " 

"Mother,"  Uncle  lack  said,  "Ma,"  he  said,  "you  are  not 
yourself.  Come  with  us  now.  Why  don't  you  come  with  Art 
and  me  now?  We'll  take  you  to  the  cemetery." 

As  if  the  magic  word  had  been  said,  frail  Grandma  became  a 
great  boulder  of  will.  The  more  gently  her  son  spoke,  the 
meaner  she  was  in  her  grief,  the  more  she  seemed  to  wallow 
in  the  luxury  of  her  despair.  Where  was  Cora  Powell  now? 

Each  "boy"  manned  a  side  of  the  chair  and  hoisted  it  up 
high.  As  if  she  were  a  queen,  they  transported  Jennie  Ritter 
through  the  back  corridors  of  the  funeral  home.  I  followed 
the  procession.  Adrenalized,  Grandma  swung  at  them  both. 
She  clawed  at  the  top  of  Uncle  lack's  bald  head,  and,  when 
she  drew  blood,  my  father  laughed  a  high-pitched  hysterical 
giggle.  Then,  perhaps,  to  give  equal  time,  Jennie-Bitch  got 
her  son-in-law  right  in  the  middle  of  his  chin.  Set  on  their 
task,  however,  the  two  men  conveyed  her  to  the  limousine 
waiting  outside. 

For  a  brief  time-out  on  the  curb,  I  pushed  my  full  weight 
against  the  car  door,  thwarting  Grandma's  attempt  to 
escape  back  to  Aunt  Greta  who  was  now  safely  deposited  in 
a  sky-blue  hearse  away  from  her  mother's  clutches. 

Uncle  Jack  whistled  a  long  exhalation  of  disbelief,  and  then 
he  and  Dad  shook  hands  to  seal  their  hard-won  success. 
They  laughed  together  and  then  embraced.  In  perfect 
synchrony,  for  only  a  moment,  the  men  wept.  Arm-m-arm, 
finally,  they  walked  around  to  the  other  side  of  Grandma's 
brougham.  Uncle  Jack  slid  in  next  to  his  mother  and  tried  to 
take  her  into  his  arms. 

"Don't  muscle  me.  Jack.  Stop  your  damn  muscling,"  she 
ordered.  "Everyone  is  always  trying  to  muscle  me."  But  at 
last  Jennie  Ritter  allowed  herself  to  be  held. 

"No  one  knows,"  she  keened.  "No  one  knows." 

"I  understand,  Jennie,  "my  father  said.  "Really,  Mrs.  Jennie, 
I  do  understand.  No  one  knows  how  it  is  for  you  now." 

At  graveside,  a  young  rabbi,  who  had  hardly  known  Aunt 
Greta,  spoke  of  her  quiet  elegance  and  dedication  to  family. 
He  even  operated  under  the  erroneous  assumption  that  it 
had  been  Aunt  Greta,  rather  than  my  mother,  who  had 
volunteered  her  services  to  the  Temple  Youth  Group.  My 
aunt  never  even  drove  us  to  religious  school,  and,  more 
often  than  not,  she  would  develop  a  migraine  to  avoid 
attending  services  on  the  High  Holy  Days. 

After  the  funeral,  a  tremendous  crowd  congregated  at  my 
parents'  home.  I  greeted  each  caller,  made  talk  so  small  it 
did  not  exist,  refilled  platters  and  glasses.  When  the  last 


guest  finally  departed,  all  of  my  cousins.  Aunt  Lou  and 
Uncle  Jack,  my  parents  gathered  in  my  old  bedroom. 
Grandma  was  next  door  crying,  but  soon,  even  she  joined  us. 
Lewis,  Joe,  and  Danny  were  all  squeezed  together  on  one  of 
the  twin  beds.  We  all  laughed;  everyone  vied  for  the  floor, 
each  person  more  desperate  than  the  next  to  share  his  or  her 
"Aunt  Greta  story,"  each  loving  memory  more  authentic 
than  the  one  that  had  been  told  before. 

I  left  the  room.  For  a  bit  I  sat  with  Cora  at  the  kitchen  table 

—  neither  of  us  inclined  to  clean  up  —  and,  realizing  that  I 
had  not  eaten  a  single  thing  all  day  long,  I  picked  at  a  platter 
of  cold  roast  beef,  rare  and  juicy,  just  the  way  Aunt  Greta 
had  loved  it. 

Cora  had  her  own  story  to  tell.  She  smiled  a  long,  warm 
smile.  "Like  bitches,"  she  said.  "They  fought  like  bitches." 
She  told  me  how  once,  shortly  after  my  grandfather  died. 
Aunt  Greta  and  Grandma  had  not  spoken  to  one  another  for 
five  whole  days.  "Finally,"  she  said,  "finally,  Greta  just 
busted  right  in  on  Mrs.  Jennie's  afternoon  bath  and  shrieks 

—  just  like  someone's  been  killed  —  'Mother,  I  swear,  I 
swear  to  you,  if  you  don't  speak  to  me  now,  I'm  goddamn 
going  to  kill  you.'  Mrs.  Jennie,  she  never  cried.  Never.  She 
just  stood  right  in  the  middle  of  the  bathroom  dripping 
water  all  over  the  floor.  It  was  your  mother  —  she  cried  for 
them  all." 

I  had  decided  to  sleep  in  Grandma's  room  with  her  that 
night,  had  designated  myself  her  night-nurse,  hoping 
perhaps  that  I  might  do  more  service  to  her  in  my  sleep  than 
I  had  been  able  to  manage  during  the  day.  Around  two  in  the 
morning,  I  heard  my  grandmother  get  out  of  bed.  I  knew  that 
I  should  have  spoken  as  soon  as  I  heard  her  stir.  At  the  very 
least  I  should  have  let  her  know  that  I  was  awake,  but  I 
couldn't  bear  the  thought  of  having  to  listen  to  her.  Another 
day  of  it  would  be  starting  up  soon  enough. 

Grandma  went  into  the  bathroom.  I  heard  her  scuffing 
about  on  the  tiles,  and  then  I  heard  the  make-up  lights  on 
the  dressing  table  mirror  buzz  on.  When  Jennie-Bitch  came 
out,  I  was  surprised  that  she  left  our  room.  She  was  so 
heavily  sedated,  she  must  have  been  walking  in  her  sleep.  I 
hstened  to  her  make  her  way  through  the  hall,  and  then  she 
slipped  across  the  parquet  floor  of  the  foyer.  A  thud.  She  had 
fallen  down. 

All  the  while,  I  had  stayed  in  bed,  listening. 

But  when  I  heard  my  grandmother  moan,  "Greta.  Greta,  my 
precious,"  as  if  I  were  being  chased,  I  rushed  to  her,  turning 
on  all  the  lights  as  I  went.  My  grandmother  was  curled  up  on 
the  floor,  her  white  flannel  nightgown  bunched  up  around 
her  waist.  A  water  tumbler  had  rolled  clear  across  the  room. 

I  knelt  beside  her  and  cradled  my  grandmother  in  my  arms, 
enveloped  by  the  sour  smell  of  her  age. 

"Greta?  My  Greta,  are  you  gone?"  she  said. 

"No,  Mother,  I'm  here  now,"  I  replied.  "I'm  here  now.  Let's 
go  back  to  sleep.  You  can  come  and  stay  with  me."H 


17 


The  Rdse 
Art  Museum 


Commitment  to 
Contemporary  Art 


The  Rose  Art  Musc-um  is  today  an 
established  presence  among  Boston's 
maior  cultural  institutions  and  a  leader 
amonn  coIIckc  and  university 
museums.  The  museum's  exhibition 
program  and  permanent  collection 
have,  from  the  outset,  stressed  the 
contemporary  period  —  creating  an 
almost  exact  parallel  with  the  lifespan 
of  Brandcis  itself.  In  doing  so,  they  have 
documented  the  variety  of  expressions 
in  the  art  of  our  time  rather  than 
emphasiiing  one  or  another  of  the 
many  movements  that  have  emerged 
during  the  past  three  and  a  half  decades. 

The  contemporary  emphasis  was 
established  by  the  museum's  first 
director,  Sam  Hunter,  who  organized 
important  survey  exhibitions  of 
contemporary  art.  Through  Hunter's 
foresight  the  museum,  in  1962,  used 
the  Gervirtr-Munchin  Art  Purchase 
Fund,  a  gift  of  about  $.S0,000,  to  acquire 
20  paintings  by  American  artists,  many 
of  whom  were  at  the  time  iust 
beginning  to  gain  recognition. 

Those  paintings  —  including  works  by 
lasperlohns,  Robert  Rauschenberg, 
Roy  Lichtenstein,  Alex  Kat;,  Morris 
Louis,  Andy  Warhol,  Kenneth  Noland, 
Ellsworth  Kelly,  and  lames  Rosenquist 
—  were  novel  when  they  wore 
acquired,  and  represented  a  cross 
section  of  the  most  advanced  and 
controversial  art  of  the  early  sixties. 
Twenty  years  later  they  are  widely 
regarded  as  established  monuments  in 
the  history  of  contemporary  art. 


Hunter's  insightful  decisions  gave  the 
collection  its  contemporary  focus  but 
inevitably  left  certain  gaps  to  be  filled 
—  in  sculpture,  for  instance,  in 
minimal  art,  and  in  aspects  of 
color-field  abstraction.  Three  years  ago, 
a  gift  from  the  trustees  of  the  Rose 
estate  established  the  Rose  Purchase 
Fund,  enabling  the  museum  to  begin 
filling  those  gaps  and,  following 
Hunter's  example,  to  keep  pace  with 
newer  art.  A  collection  of  scujptors' 
drawings  has  been  initiated,  which 
includes  works  by  David  Smith, 
Richard  Serra,  and  loel  Shapiro,  and 
important  paintings  by  Robert 
Mangold,  Lawrence  Poons,  and  Helen 
Frankenthaler.  In  addition,  the 
museum  has  been  able  to  purchase 
works  by  emerging  Boston  area  artists 
such  as  Catherine  Bertulli,  Chuck 
Holtzman,  and  Pat  Coomey.  The  new 
acquisitions  program  is  thus  assuming 
definition:  to  strengthen  the  existing 
collection  as  viewed  from  the 
perspective  of  contemporary  art's 
history  and  togrow  in  ways  that  reflect 
what  is  happening  in  artists'  studios 
today. ■ 


Car!  I.  Belz 

Director 

Rose  Art  Museum 


18 


Fioin  chu  ]K]m.iiKiu  Liillcctinn: 
AbciVL  lelt   Helen  Funkeiithuler,  Yellow 
Line.  \W1,  acrylic  on  canvas,  56'/.  x  Hi, 
middle:  Robert  Rauschenberg,  Second 
Time  Painting.  1961,  oil  and  assemblage  on 
canvas,  6.S  x  41;  upper  right:  Alex  Katz.  The 
Walk.  Number  2.  1962,  oil  on  canvas,  60  x 
60;  right:  Ellsworth  Kellcy,  Blue-While. 
1962,  oil  on  canvas,  103  x  106. 


19 


I 

II 


20 


Above  left:  Hans  Hoffmann,  Arcade,  1952, 
oil  on  wood,  lOVi  x  15;  middle;  Morris 
Louis,  Number  3,  1961,  acrylic  on  canvas, 
94  X  31;  upper  right:  Jennifer  Bartlett,  Pool, 
1983,  oil  on  three  canvases.  Bartlett's  work 
was  on  exhibit  at  the  Rose  Art  Museum  in 
lanuary  and  February  1984.  Right:  (im  Dine, 
Double  Red  Bathroom,  1962,  oil  and 
assemblage  on  canvas,  50  x  SO'/i . 
All  the  above  paintings,  except  for  Bartlett's 
work,  are  in  the  Rose  Art  permanent 
collection. 


21 


Sculpture 


Peter  Markman 


Peter  Markman,  assistant  professor  of 
fine  arts,  came  to  Brandeis  in  1 98 1  after 
earning  his  Masters  of  Fine  Arts  at 
Southern  Ilhnois  University  where  he 
was  a  teaching  assistant  in  sculpture. 
He  was  also  trained  at  Yale  University 
where  he  was  an  assistant  instructor 
and  taught  clay  modeling  and  drawing. 
He  has  several  awards  and  fellowships 
to  his  credit,  including  the  Clarke 
Foundation  Fellowship  at  Yale,  and  the 
Mazer  Fellowship  at  Brandeis.  He  was 
first  prize  winner  of  the  1981  Young 
Sculptor  Award  Competition,  fohn 
Gregory  Memorial,  and  the  foundry 
prize  from  the  National  Sculpture 
Society  48th  Annual  Exhibition.  His 
work  has  been  exhibited  at  Yale 
University,  Southern  Illinois 
University  and  several  galleries  and 
museums. 


Luanda.  Girl  with  a  Scarf,  bronze,  18  x  8  x  10        Torso  Mask,  bronze,  18x11x4 


71 


Painting 


Graham  Bruce 
Campbell 


Graham  Bruce  Campbell,  assistant 
professor  of  fine  arts,  came  from 
England  in  1976  after  graduatmg  from 
Birmmgham  College  of  Art  with  first 
class  honors.  He  studied  at  Yale 
University  where  he  received  a  Master 
of  Fine  Arts  degree  in  1978.  He 
remained  at  Yale  as  a  member  of  the 
faculty  before  coming  to  Brandeis  in 
1981.  His  abstract  paintings  have  been 
exhibited  in  galleries  in  the  United 
States  and  England. 


Bishop  #2.  oil  on  canvas,  84  x  84 


23 


Set  Design 

The  Art  of  Illusion 


Robert  Moody 


Robert  Moody,  associate  professor  in 
the  theater  arts  department,  works  in 
what  is  unequivocably  a  temporal 
medium:  scenery  design.  Like 
everything  else  associated  with  a 
theatrical  production,  the  work  lasts 
merely  for  the  duration  of  a  production. 

The  art  of  scenery  design  is  based  on 
several  illusions  —  the  ability  to  create 
a  time  and  place,  and  to  do  it  with 
materials  that  are  hardly  ever  what 
they  seem. 


Moody  is  a  master  at  that  art  of  illusion. 
He  has  been  at  Brandeis  since  1973, 
where  he  teaches  scenic  painting, 
sketching  and  rendering  and  other 
technical  courses  in  set  design.  He  also 
creates  scenery  for  productions  in  the 
Spingold  Theater  and  outside  the 
university.  He  has  worked  with  major 
repertory  theaters,  leading  opera 
companies,  network  television 
stations,  summer  stock  companies  and 
professional  scenic  studios  from  coast 
to  coast.  For  the  last  1 1  summer 
seasons  he  has  been  the  chargeman  for 
scenic  artists  at  the  St.  Louis  Municipal 
Opera. 


Above  left:  Robert  Moody  painting  the 
permanent  decorative  asbestos  fire  curtain 
for  the  Performing  Arts  Center  Opera 
House,  University  of  Texas,  Austin,  Texas. 
The  curtain  was  designed  by  Ming  Chu  Lee, 
executed  by  Moody  with  long  handle  scenic 
brushes.  On  the  right,  the  finished  curtain 
after  installation. 

Below  left:  Photo  shows  carving  a  styroform 
portion  of  the  set  for  Macbeth,  produced  in 
Spingold  Theater.  From  the  chipping, 
carving  and  sanding  come  Celtic 
ornamental  details.  Right:  Set  oi  Plough 
and  the  Stars  at  Spingold  Theater  required 
carving,  texturing,  applique  and  painting 
techniques.  Designer  was  Harry  Feinerg  '78, 
scenic  artist  Robert  Moody. 


*-.^.^,.  ,  '■ 

1 

4 

JPFi 

1                    >*i»*'   '" 

'^ 

r-      - 

■■•/*A*^*«»*'- 

24 


Profile 


Jose  Quintero's  Mission 
is  to  Help  Save  the 
American  Theater 


i:;U'Ui;::i: 


His  office  is  unadorned,  almost  bleak, 
functional.  There  are  no  plaques  on  the 
yellow  cinder  block  walls.  There  are  no 
framed  awards,  no  autographed 
photographs  of  "stars."  Behind  the 
modest  desk  sits  a  spare,  elegant 
man  —  director  Jose  Quintero. 

He  appears  incongruous  in  that  setting, 
as  if  a  comfortable  relationship 
between  the  man  and  the  desk  m  front 
of  him  hasn't  had  time  to  develop  . . . 
the  kind  of  ease  and  comfort  one 
perceives  when  he  is  standing  on  a 
stage  giving  advice,  moving  around. 

As  he  talks  m  his  office,  in  his  intense, 
rasping  and  heavily  accented  tone,  he 
concentrates  totally  on  his  thoughts, 
the  vision  he  wants  to  communicate, 
imagination  triggered  by  recollections. 
The  constant  telephone  ringing, 
knocking  at  the  door,  even  people 
calling  his  name  outside,  barely 
penetrate  his  concentration. 

If  he  had  wanted  to,  he  could  have  filled 
the  stark  walls  with  some  of  the  most 
prestigious  rewards  of  a  successful 
career  in  the  theater,  the  coveted  prizes 
and  glamorous  associations  of  a 
well-known  theater  director. 

He  could  have  placed  his  two  Tony 
Awards  somewhere,  (for  Long  Day's 
Journey  Into  Night,  and  A  Moon  for  the 
Misbegotten]  or  hung  his  two  Drama 
Desk  Awards  for  Best  Director,  or  his 
Obie  Award  for  Most  Distinguished 
Off-Broadway  productions,  or  his 
Outer  Circle  Award  and  his  Emmy.  He 
could  then  have  added  a  framed  notice 
of  his  election  to  the  Theater  Hall  of 
Fame  as  Outstanding  Director,  his 
many  "Orders"  from  foreign  countries 
including  his  native  Panama. 

The  walls  could  have  been  crowded 
with  photographs,  lovingly  inscribed, 
of  well-known  actresses  and  actors  that 
have  worked  with  him  through  the 
years.  Photographs  of  Colleen 
Dewhurst,  Dame  ludith  Anderson, 
Geraldine  Page,  Ben  Gazzara,  George 
C.  Scott,  Ingrid  Bergman,  Jason 
Robards,  Liv  Ullmann,  Peter  Falk, 
George  Segal,  and  on  and  on. 

But  there  are  no  status  signs  in  that 
office.  Just  the  elegant  man,  intensity 
focused  in  his  eyes. 


25 


Brandeis  had  searched  for  several  years 
for  an  artistic  director  of  the  Spingold 
Theater  and  finally  had  offered  the 
position  to  the  distinguished  director. 

And  Jose  Quintero,  despite  his  many 
commitments,  accepted  the  challenge 
to  head  a  university  theater,  and  came 
at  the  end  of  the  summer,  as  Spmgold 
Professor  of  Theater  Arts  and  Artistic 
Director  of  the  Spingold  Theater 
Center. 

His  new/  assignment  requires  him  to 
direct  one  play  a  year  (this  season  his 
The  Time  of  Your  Life  opened  a  highly 
successful  theater  season  at  Brandeis); 
run  a  newly  established  directing 
program  for  graduate  students;  give 
artistic  direction  to  all  Spmgold 
productions.  Although  he  is  on  campus 
one  semester  of  each  year,  he  remains 
in  close  contact  with  the  theater 
department  throughout  the  rest  of  the 
year  and  also  makes  several  trips  to  the 
campus  from  his  West  Coast  residence. 

In  addition  to  his  duties  here,  Quintero 
also  continues  to  guide  the 
Chaplm-O'Neill  Theater  in  Los 
Angeles,  is  planning  to  direct  a  play  in 
New  York  soon,  and  is  also  involved  in 
planning  the  theater  program  for  the 
Olympics  in  Los  Angeles. 

Yet  despite  all  these  commitments,  he 
chose  to  come  to  Brandeis  not  merely 
because  this  university  has  a  top-notch 
physical  facility  for  theatrical 
productions,  and  not  only  because  it 
has  through  the  years  established  a 
reputation  as  excellent  theatrical 
training  ground,  but  mostly  because 
lose  Quintero  has  a  defined  sense  of 
mission.  His  mission  is  to  add  his  own 
imagination,  energy  and  time  in  the 
struggle  to  save  the  art  of  theater  at  a 
time  when  that  art  is  becoming  extinct. 
He  has  spoken  often,  and  written  often, 
of  his  despair  at  the  state  of  the 
American  theater  where  the 
overwhelming  passion  is  not  focused 
on  art,  but  more  than  ever,  is  focused  on 
profits. 


"We  have  hit  a  new  low,"  he  says  talking 


acts."  To  Quintero,  most  of  American 
theater  is  desolate. 

Although  Broadway  is  barren  of 
creativity,  and  even  off-Broadway,  once 
a  place  where  significant  work  could  be 
staged  somewhat  unconstrained  by 
huge  costs  and  profits,  is  now  crippled 
artistically,  the  hope  for  brighter 
possibilities  lingers  in  Quintero's 
mind.  That  hope,  he  says,  can  come  to 
fruition  if  a  generation  of  directors, 
writers,  actors  are  trained  in  the  craft 
and  the  ideals  of  the  theater.  And  that 
training,  according  to  Quintero,  can 
best  be  accomplished  within 
universities.  "...  Some  of  the 
obligation  to  help  solve  the  plight  of  the 
young  director  falls  on  educational 
institutions,  whose  theater 
departments,  up  to  now,  have  not 
developed  enough  new  and  full 
programs  to  meet  this  need, "  he  wrote  a 
year  ago  in  The  New  York  Times. 

It  is  that  belief  that  compelled  him  to 
initiate  Brandeis'  graduate  program  in 
directing  whose  students  he  recruited 
in  travels  across  the  country  in  the 
spring.  It  IS  that  conviction  that  guided 
his  teaching  to  which  he  has  applied 
himself  with  a  typical  mixture  of 
idealism  and  intensity. 

A  university  is  to  Quintero,  the  freest 
setting  for  training  talent  —  but  it  is  not 
an  ivory  tower.  Isolation  is  not  his 
answer.  In  fact,  Quintero  brought 
several  of  his  students  to  New  York  in 
the  fall  to  participate  in  a  tribute  to 
William  Saroyan  at  the  Circle  in  the 
Square  Theater  in  New  York.  He  plans 
to  bring  guest  artists  to  the  campus, 
established  artists  interested  in 
working  with  students,  from  whom 
students  can  learn.  His  mission  is  to 
train  students  and  to  build  bridges 
between  the  university  and 
professional  theater. 

Those  who  have  worked  with  him  at 
Brandeis  speak  of  him  in  awe.  One  of 
the  student  designers  likened  working 
with  Quintero  to  "a  religious 
experience." 


about  Broadway  theater.  "Broadway 
has  delivered  itself  to  the  credit  card 
audience  . . .  has  turned  into  a 
bourgeoise  London."  Even  musicals, 
once  the  pride  of  American  theater, 
"are  beginning  to  resemble  Las  Vegas 


An  apt  description  of  his  theatrical 
approach  considering  lose  Quintero 
traces  his  sense  of  drama,  his  love  of 
theater  and  even  his  theatrical  instincts 
to  his  religious  upbringing.  His  early 
childhood  was  spent  in  Catholic 


schools  in  Panama  where  the  church 
ritual  became  ingrained  in  his 
consciousness,  where  isolated  from  his 
family,  his  need  for  family  love  was 
transmitted  to  the  inanimate  sacred 
figures  he  saw  in  his  daily  life.  "I  didn't 
have  to  leam  about  the  Stanislavsky 
acting  method  to  leam  that  one  could 
make  a  statue  talk  on  stage,"  he  says. 
"My  imagination  in  that  Catholic 
school  taught  me  that. . . .  My 
loneliness  made  me  give  life  to  those 
wooden  figures ...  to  personalize  them. 
That's  where  my  theatrical  sense 
began." 

The  partem  of  church  ritual  taught  him 
how  to  tell  a  story,  and  it  was  the  color 
of  icons,  of  traditional  church  artifacts 
and  vestments,  that  taught  him  the 
emotional  meaning  of  color. 
Knowledge  essential  to  a  theater 
director. 

But  the  legacy  of  those  early  years  went 
beyond  pageant,  it  provided  the 
foundation  for  deeper  quests.  When  he 
talks  about  significant  plays,  when  he 
judges  good  theater,  it  is  done  on  the 
basis  of  what  a  particular  play  adds  to 
the  eternal  puzzle  of  what  it  means  to 
be  human;  what  it  means  to  be  a  Man, 
what  are  the  complicated  relations 
between  Man  and  Man,  or  Man  and 
God. 

In  fact,  those  are  the  questions  posed  by 
great  playwrights,  and  to  Quintero,  the 
greatest  American  playwrights  are 
Eugene  O'Neill  and  Tennessee 
Williams.  He  consideres  himself 
fortunate  in  having  been  able  to 
translate  his  admiration  into  his  own 
artistic  expression.  The  work  of  each  of 
those  two  writers  has  had  particular 
meaning  in  the  development  of 
Quintero  as  a  theater  director. 


26 


^  m 


His  associatum  with  O'Neill's  work 
began  in  the  1950s  and  has  spanned 
several  decades,  so  that  Quintero  is 
considered  today  a  leading  interpreter 
of  O'Neill.  It  is  Quintero's  direction  of 
Long  Day's  Journey  Into  Night  that 
made  theatrical  history.  His  legendary 
Broadway  production  in  1956,  with 
Frederic  March,  Florence  Eldridge, 
Jason  Robards  and  Bradford  Dillman, 
was  a  major  event  in  American 
theatrical  history,  since  the  play  had 
not  been  either  published  or  produced 
before.  O'Neill  had  stipulated  that  it 
not  be  produced  until  25  years  after  his 
death  (in  1953)  because  it  concerned 
itself  with  his  life  and  that  of  his  family. 

Although  O'Neill  had  instructed  his 
publisher  to  prevent  the  printing  of  that 
play  for  a  quarter  of  a  century,  he  left 
the  final  decision  in  the  hands  of  his 
widow,  Carlotta.  Carlotta  O'Neill,  who 
had  controlled  her  husband's  life  in  his 
last  years  when  he  became  increasingly 
ill,  decided  the  play  could  be  produced 
three  years  after  his  death. 

She  approved  of  Quintero's  successful 
off-Broadway  production  of  The 
Iceman  Cometh  and  determined  that 
he  was  the  director  she  could  trust  with 
the  history  of  her  family  as  portrayed  m 
Long  Day's  Journey  Into  Night. 

The  theater  world  knew  of  the 
existence  of  the  play,  and  every  director 
wanted  the  privilege  of  producing  it.  So, 
Quintero  recalls,  it  was  a  complete 
surprise  to  him  when  he  received  a 
telephone  call  from  Carlotta  O'Neill 
one  morning  in  1953  asking  him  if  he 
would  be  willing  to  direct  it.  There  was 
only  one  condition:  that  it  be  done  "just 
as  he  wrote  it."  He  was  faithful  to  that 
promise. 


O'Neill,  the  recipient  of  three  Pulitzer 
Prizes  in  the  1920s,  and  the  Nobel  Prize 
for  Literature  m  1 936,  had  by  the  1 950s 
lost  luster.  Not  only  had  some  of  his 
plays  failed,  but  critics  in  England  and 
America  had  begun  to  suggest  he  had 
been  overrated.  But  most  significantly, 
his  voice  had  been  silenced. 

That  neglect  and  criticism,  according 
to  Quintero,  was  poor  judgment. 
O'Neill  IS  a  major  playwright  whose 
work  has  large  dimensions,  says 
Quintero.  The  playwright,  he  says,  is  a 
perfect  example  of  someone  who 
wrestles  with  those  basic  e^uestions 
that  raise  a  play  from  the  trivial  to  the 
meaningful.  O'Neill's  themes,  he  says, 
make  an  audience  confront  the  larger 
meaning  of  existence.  "O'Neill,"  he 
explains,  leaning  back  in  his  chair, 
measuring  his  words  very  carefully, 
"wrestled  before  his  God.  His  plays 
portray  the  struggle  of  Man  and  God, 
how  a  human  being  can,  through  his 
suffering,  become  ennobled,  and  how 
he  is  capable  of  becoming  a  tragic 
figure.  His  characters  will  fight  against 
the  environment,  will  stand  in 
opposition,  will  not  succumb.  His 
characters  will  stand  alone,  whatever 
the  cost,  for  they  are  capable  of  that 
personal  force.  By  presenting  the 
possibility  for  majesty,  scope,  and 
dignity,  O'Neill  is  illustrating  one  of 
the  greatest  conceptions  that  one  can 
present  to  an  audience,  for  we  go  to  the 
theater  to  measure  ourselves.  To  see 
ourselves.  O'Neill  presents  us  with  the 
monumental  figure  that  Man  can  be." 

He  extends  the  same  admiration  to 
Tennessee  Williams,  whose  work  he 
has  interpreted  on  the  stage.  This 
admiration  for  Williams  and  his 
affinity  to  him  eventually  "evolved 
into  a  deep  and  personal  relationship." 


"Tennessee  Williams  brought  poetry 
back  into  the  theater,"  says  Quintero; 
he  also  "opened  the  curtain  on  what  we 
didn't  want  to  see,  and  eventually 
influenced  the  change  in  sexual  mores 
m  America  and  the  world." 

When  Qumtert)  speaks  of  Williams, 
there  is  no  mistaking  his  emotional 
involvement.  He  tells  the  story  of  his 
first  view  of  Tlie  Glass  Menagerie,  how 
overwhelming  an  experience  that  was. 
When  Quintero  walked  out  of  that 
show,  he  recounts,  "I  thought,  how 
could  he  have  known  all  that;  How  did 
he  know  the  pain  of  loving?  How  did  he 
know  all  that  I  felt  toward  my  mother, 
my  sister,  my  family?  I  felt  I  was  no 
longer  alone.  He  understood." 

Since  theater  can  satisfy  such  basic 
needs  for  self-knowledge,  its 
bastardized  version  receives  contempt 
from  Quintero.  To  him,  television  is  a 
mockery  of  theater.  "I  hate  television 
as  a  dramatic  medium.  It  dulls  my 
senses.  It  costs  me  nothing.  It  teaches 
me  nothing.  Television  has  invented  a 
kind  of  acting  that  isn't  even  acting." 
But  the  negative  influence  goes  beyond 
Its  inherent  dramatic  failures.  It  is  a 
medium  with  enormous  amounts  of 
money  at  its  disposal  and  therefore  can 
lure  those  individuals  who  would 
instead  devote  their  best  energies  to  the 
theater.  "Television  has  crippled  the 
theater  enormously.  Its  example  has 
become  the  major  criteria  for  dramatic 
art  and  success." 

Television  is  the  antithesis  of  what 
Quintero  searches  for  in  drama. 

"A  play,"  he  says,  "has  to  touch  me  very 
deeply.  It  must  make  me  examine  my 
feelings,  my  thoughts.  I  must  find  out 
something  about  myself.  I  am  neither 
interested  in  money,  nor  fame.  I  am 
interested  in  my  own  growth.  After 
going  through  this  experience  called 
living,  I  want  to  find  out  what  this 
experience  is  all  about.  I  want  to  find 
out  what  kind  of  outline  did  I  cut  in  this 
drama  called  living." 

The  knocking  becomes  insistent  —  his 
gaze  is  projected  outward  again.  It's 
time  to  give  direction  to  those  waiting 
outside  his  door.B 


Nada  Sam  uels 


27 


Poetry 


received 
his  Ph.D.  from  Brandeis  in 
1960.  Since  then  he  has 
taught  at  Brandeis  where  he 
is  currently  the  Paul  E. 
Prosswimmer  Professor  of 
Poetry  and  General 
Education.  He  has  received 
several  prizes  including  the 
Garrison  Award  for  Poetry 
and  the  Prize  of  the 
American  Academy  of 
Poetry,  which  he  received 
while  an  undergraduate  at 
Harvard  University.  He  has 
also  received  the  Golden 
Rose  of  the  New  England 
Poetry  Club,  a  Pushcart 
Prize,  the  Witter  Bynner 
Prize  for  Poetry  of  the 
American  Academy  and 
Institute  of  Arts  and  Letters. 
He  has  written  five  books  of 
poetry:  A  Harlot's  Hire,  The 
Recluse,  And  the  Dew  Lay 
All  Night  Upon  My  Branch, 
The  Woman  on  the  Bridge 
over  the  Cliicago  River  and 
Of  The  Great  House. 

The  poetry  of  Allen 
Grossman  has  been 
compared  to  the  oracular 
works  of  Emerson  and 
Blake.  Although  his  vision 
'(the  world  is  often  dark,  it 
.  ^  also  filled  with  vivid  and 
coherent  images.  In 
addition  to  his  superior  gifts 
as  a  poet,  he  has  been 
praised  as  "a  man  of  letters. 
vith  considerable  range,  for 
whom  the  spoken  wordis  at 
least  as  important  as  the 
written." 

Grossman's  poems 
reprinted  here  have 
references  to  Brandeis. 

The  first  is  in  memory  of 
lormer  Brandeis  faculty 
member  ferome  E.  Boime 
who  taught  sociology 

mm  1967  to  1976.  The 

ellowwood  of  the 

fcond  poem  bloow 

^lin-Sang  anct  the 
^  L-nter  on  campus. 


The  Department 

by  Allen  R.  Grossman 
Siste,  viator 

Bereaved  of  mmd  by  a  weird  truck. 
Our  fraternal  philosopher 
To  whom  a  Spring  snow  was  mortal 
Winter — a  wild  driver  m  the  best 
Of  cases,  on  the  margins  of 
Communicability — exchanged  a  bad 
Appointment  m  New  Hampshire 
For  a  grave  in  the  lewish  Cemetery 
In  Waltham,  Massachusetts.  Across 
The  street  from  the  University 
And  nine  feet  from  Philip  Rahv 
He  keeps  his  hours,  penshed 
With  little  fame. 

His  name  was  Boime. 

"A  very  heavy  business,  Grossman" 
He  would  have  said, 
If  he  had  heard  his  own  death  gomg 
The  way  it  did. 

Immortality 
Was  our  Summer  debate.  But  m  the  snow's 
Confusion  blurring  definitions 
Darkened  into  mortal  blows.  Consider 
The  wit 

Of  circumstance  which  made  that  mind — alive 
Unwriting,  and  naive — 
Record  its  own  demise  on  paper 
As  a  flat  brain  wave. 

Who  speaks  for 
Boime  for  whom 

The  University  found  just  this  much 
Room- 

His  subject  was  the  violence 
Of  mmd,  and  the  duplicity  of  his  kind. 
There  was  a  wound,  he  thought,  deeper 
Than  doubt  where  love 

could  enter,  or 
Look  out — 

Weary  of  the  faithless  civil  compromise. 
But  that  was  not  the  wound  of  which  he  died. 
He  was  a  lousy  driver  who  got  caught. 

An  idle  woman  looked  out  on  his  buna! 

From  her  window 

In  the  salmon  colored  house — 

a  disharmonious  fact 
Between  the  cemetery  and  South  Street — 
Sitting  on  a  bed. 
Nothing  can  be  said,  except 


His  a.ged  father,  like  a  gouged  up  root; 

The  bitter  wife;  the  child  of  five 

Who  wondered  how  his  dad  would  ever 

Get  out  of  the  box  alive; 

The  bearded  bandits  who  cranked  him  down 

Know  as  much  as  I  do, 

or  anyone. 

He  left  his  work  unfinished.  Whether 
It  was  good  or  bad  nobody  knows — 
It  was  not  done. 

Somebody  is  digging 
On  your  grave,  dear  Boime, 
Who  m  that  snowfall,  when  you  died. 
Was  farther  South  than  you. 
Better  employed. 

Your  name  is 
Penciled  in  now  on  a  tinny  bracket 
By  a  casual  hand.  A  baby 
Has  been  buried  at  your  side. 

Since  you 
Died 

It  is  the  second  Spring, 
And  nobody  has  set  up  your  stone. 

God 

God  what  a  big 

Thought,  Boime,  you  carried  into  middle  age- 
Fat  gladiator,  treacherously  caught 
By  a  suffocating  thin  snow,  chained 
To  a  careening  metal  cage. 

I  am  digging  on  your  grave,  hke  a  starved 
Dog  bur>'mg  a  fact — 

If  I  say,  "Boime,  you 
Were  abstract," 

then  with  a  great  sweet 
Smile,  even  from  among  the  dead, 
Who  don't  know  anything,  he  will  reply, 
Leaning  a  little  toward  the  Summer 

under 
His  unbalanced  cloudy  load, 
And  with  his  lovely  gesture  ot  the  hand, 
"Grossman,  you  do  not  understand 
The  place  ot  theory. 

Get  off  the  road." 


the  passionate 
Theorist  is  dead.  In  death  he  was 
Unclear — 


from  The  Woman  on  the  Bridge  over  the  Chicago  River 
(New  Directions:  N.Y.,  19791 


28 


Sentinel  Yellowwoods 

(Yellowwood — Cladrastis  lutea 


Sweet  sweet  sentinel  yellowwoods  lutea  lutea 

Guarding  my  track  morning  and  evening,  and  gracing  the  air 

With  odors  and  blossoms  to  the  left  on  the  side-hiU 

And  the  right  near  the  wall.  Sweet  sweet  the  one  and  the  other. 

Seven  years  not  seeing  them,  seven  seeing  them  but  not 

Knowing  a  name  tor  them,  and  seven  years  naming  them  too. 

Sweet  sweet  sentinels  lutea  lutea  Cladrastis  lutea 

Odorous  silent  adorning  lutes. 

Now  and  then,  how  tull 
The  world  is.  Look  at  the  yellowwoods!  Look  at  them 
Lion-like  watchmg  the  way,  in  the  morning  to  work  and 
At  evening  to  this  kind  of  singing 

Lion-like  waiting  all  the  more  patiently  now  I  have 
Named  them,  come  into  the  strength  I  can  render  account 
Of  the  beautiful  way  I  am  not  always  sad. 

Sweet  sweet 
The  shadow  of  yellowwoods,  even  in  autumn,  even  at 
Evening.  I  am  going  to  die  soon,  and  their  shadow  foretells  it 
Enlarging  the  world. 

I  can  see  it  without  me. 

Under  the 
Yellowwoods,  the  one  and  her  brother,  lion  and  lioness 
Together  without  me,  bereave  me,  bereave 
Me  as  leaf-like  my  body. 


If  I  do  not  look  up  as  I  pass,  then  they  call  to  me 
Sweet,  and  I  stop  and  turn  round  and  go  back  and  stand  still. 
Breathing  the  fragrance.  What  was  I  thinking  of?  Lutea 
Lutea,  thinking  my  thml<ing  I  did  not  look  up,  and  often 
They  called  to  the  air,  to  the  children,  and  nobody  heard  the 
Sweet  sweet 

— like  a  sleeper  who 


imagining  glorious 
Birds  and  the  flowers  Arabian,  and  blazing  with  gladdening  metals 
Mysterious  flies 

sleeps  on  into  the  sunlight,  in  the  dark 
Of  his  dream.  And  he  does  not  see  the  wind  billows  the  fustian. 


Do  the  yellowwpods  suffer,  the  sentinel  yellow^woods,  in  autumn 
In  winter  do  they  starve  on  the  shore  of  the  sky? 

At  the  gateway 
Of  evening,  of  lion-blond  autumn,  leonine  death-gold  of  autumn 
Adorning,  the  answer  does  come,  in  splendor  of  lutesong 
Arising  within  me: 

the  soul  IS  alone 

— like  the  flowers  of 
Yellowwoods,  lutea  lutea.  white  pendant  clusters  sucked  by  the  bees, 
White  fragrant  gusts  of  milky  spring  rain. 

I  call  to  them,  calling 
Their  call,  the  two  lions,  the  call  that  they  raise  m  me 
Morning  and  evening,  my  words  of  their  teaching:  the  soul  is  alone. 
— Sweet  sweet  sentinels  lutea  lutea  Cladrastis  lutea! 
Seven  years  not  seeing  them,  seven  seeing  them  but  not 
Knowing  a  name  for  them,  and  seven  years  naming  them  too — 
The  fragrance  of  flowers  arising  within  me,  sweet  sweet 
Breast-perfume  seized  by  the  mind. 

Now  it  IS  winter,  and  the  fustian 
Of  the  leaves,  that  fine  work  of  the  sun,  the  winter  wind  draws 
Back  to  the  earth.  But  the  sleeper  is  awake,  and  gone  down 
Singing  his  lutesong 
This  crooked  path  into  the  world  and  out. 


sleeps  on  into  the  sunlight 
In  a  bed  closed  by  curtains  a  family  of  women  skillful 
And  comely  sitting  in  sunlight  embroider  with  birds  that  no  one 
Has  seen,  but  only  the  women  the  widows  and  daughters  neat 
Fingers  of  sunlight  with  loving  attention. 


from  Of  the  Great  House 


Louis  E.  Yglesias  is  an 
associate  professor  of 
European  Languages  and 
Comparative  Literature 
(Spanish)  whose  "other 
profession"  is  farming. 
'\  ] though  he  hves  on  a  New 

impshire  farm  where  he 
lis  the  soil,  he  is  not  a 

isaic  farmer  The  exotic 
rare  birds  he  breeds  are 
more  in  keeping  with  the 
poet  in  him.  He  has  had 
three  of  his  collections  of 
poems  published:  Scrip,  The 
Night  Tree  and  My  Father's 
House. 


Denise  Levertov  was  the 
Fannie  Hurst 
Poet-in- Residence  for  the 
past  'three  years.  The 
internationally  renowned 
poet  has  published  more 
than  30  volumes,  several  of 
which  are  regarded  as 
landmark  works  of 
contemporary  poetry, 
during  a  career  that  spans 
four  decades.  She  has  been 
the  subject  of  six  critical 
studies  and  numerous 
articles  while  earning 
honors  and  awards 
including  the  recently 
presented  Bobst  Award 
given  in  recognition  of  "a 
lifetime  of  sustained  literary 
achievement. "  Some  of  her 
best-known  volumes  are: 
The  Douhle  Image,  O  Taste 
and  See,  The  Sorrow  Dance 
and  Collected  Earlier 
Poems,  1940-1960. 


From  Diana's  Book 

by  Luis  Ellicott  Yglesias 


Diana  in  the  leaves  green 
Luna  that  so  bright  doth  sheen, 
Persephone  in  Hell .  .  . 

lohn  Skehon. 

The  Garland  of  Laurel 


The  Trap 

Our  house  is  breaking  up. 
My  brain's  a  garden  slug, 
a  beer  knocked  over. 
I  bump  into 

the  Queen  Anne  chair 
where  Diana's  curled 
like  a  question  mark, 
a  stoned  caterpillar 
nodding  off. 

Eventually 

I  find  my  way  to  bed 

where  the  blankets  are  gritty; 

the  pillows,  insufficient. 

I'm  dizzy  .ix  parched. 
There's  no  one  here 
to  ease  me  with 
a  rainy  answer, 

so  I  nibble  on  the  lettuce 
of  her  nightie, 
though  It's  salt. 


Unnamed 

by  Denise  Levertov 

An  awe  so  quiet 

I  don't  know  when  it  began. 

A  gratitude 
had  begun 
to  sing  in  me. 

Was  there 

some  moment 

dividing 

song  from  no  song? 

When  does  dewtall  begin- 
When  does  night 
told  Its  arms  over  our  hearts 
tt)  cherish  them? 

When  is  daybreak? 


Going  Nowhere 

You've  left  me  a  red,  red  dress 

carelessly  tossed  in  a  lump 

by  the  doorsill  where  I've  found  it 

after  a  few  hours  over  drinks 

at  the  Lakeview  with  Peter  ^  George. 

What  unimaginable  night 

shot  through  with  starry  lovers 

have  you  skipped  off  to,  Diana? 

I'd  chase  after  you,  if  I  could. 

But  tonight  I'm 

going  absolutely  nowhere, 

like  this  dress  I'm  hugging  tight 

while,  naked  &  resplendent, 

you're  lightheartedly  hitchhiking 

in  a  maze  of  headlights 

remote  galactic  pavements. 


Winter  Seasoning 

Now  November's  had  its  say, 
but  the  year  as  a  whole 
hasn't;  some  of  that 
carefully  layed-up 
portion  of  the  sun's 
palavering  this  minute, 
coiling  cl^v  uncoiling 
in  the  stove,  suppling 

with  radiant  abracaAibras 
my  portion  of  venison, 
shallots,  peas  .S^  carrots, 
whatever  the  land 
has  chosen  to  render, 
not  in  payment, 
but  m  celebration 
of  hard  work. 

Tonight,  stirring  the  pot, 
I'm  an  alchemist  of  deli.ght, 
laughing  as  twin  rainbows 
quarter  the  broth 
where  new  ik  old 
worlds  nse  &  fal 
in  a  dragon  swirl 
of  soil,  seed  &  ram. 


30 


Music 


Lydian  String  Quartet 


In  1980,  Robert  Kiiff,  the  highly 
respected  musician  and  member  of  the 
Brandeis  music  department  who  has 
been  a  pioneering  member  of  the 
renowned  luilliard  String  Quartet, 
suggested  that  it  would  be  valuable  for 
Brandeis  to  host  a  quartct-in-residence. 

Four  young  women,  whose  paths  had 
crossed  as  students  at  the  New  England 
Conservatory  of  Music  or  Yale 
University,  but  who  had  not  previously 
performed  with  each  other,  applied, 
were  accepted,  and  the  Lydian  String 
Quartet  was  bom. 

For  Brandeis,  having  a  quartet  in 
residence  was  a  new  venture.  The 
university  previously  had  cellists  or 
pianists  in  residence,  but  a  quartet  on 
campus  has  provided  music  students 
and  the  campus  community  with 
benefits  that  single  performers  were 
unable  to  give. 

To  music  students,  the  four 
professionals  offer  not  only  individual 
lessons,  but  coach  trios,  quintets  and 
student  quartets  and  are  also  a  valuable 
addition  to  the  orchestra. 

To  the  campus  community,  the  Lydian 
String  Quartet  has  added  another 
dimension  to  music  performances 
on  campus.  The  Wednesday 
concerts-at-noon  series  has  proved  to 
be  popular  and  has  a  sizeable  following. 

But  recently,  the  quartet's  following 
has  expanded  beyond  Brandeis. 

In  the  spring  of  1982  the  Lydian  String 
Quartet  entered  the  International 
String  Quartet  competition  held  in 
France  and  walked  away  with  three 
prizes:  First  Prize  for  Performance  of 
Contemporary  Music,  the  prize  for  Best 
Performance  of  a  French  Work  and  the 
Second  Grand  Prize.  A  remarkable 
showing  for  so  young  a  group. 

Last  year,  they  won  both  the  special 
prize  for  the  Commissioned  Work  and 
the  third  prize  in  the  Banff 
International  String  Quartet 
Competition.  During  the  winter  they 
perform  in  concert  halls  throughout 
the  United  States  and  abroad,  and 
during  the  summer  months  they 
perform  at  various  music  festivals 
throughout  the  country.  This  March, 
the  Lydian  String  Quartet  had  its 
formal  debut  in  Carnegie  Hall  in  New 


York.  The  concert,  which  featured 
works  by  Beethoven,  Ravel  and  Bartok, 
also  included  a  piece  by  Steven 
Mackey,  a  graduate  student  in  music  at 
Brandeis. 

Wilma  Smith,  Judith  Eissenberg,  Mary 
Ruth  Ray  and  Rhonda  Rider  all  had 
distinguished  records  as  students 
before  they  joined  their  talents.  Wilma 
Smith,  who  was  born  in  Fiji  and  studied 
at  the  University  of  Auckland,  New 
Zealand,  had  performed  as  soloist  with 
the  Christchurch  Symphony  Orchestra 
and  was  a  prizewinner  of  the  National 
Concerto  Competition.  On  a  grant 
from  the  New  Zealand  Arts  Council, 
she  came  to  the  United  States  to  study 
violin  at  the  New  England 
Conservatory  of  Music  where  she  was  a 
member  of  the  Scholarship  String 
Quartet.  She  studied  in  America  with 
some  of  the  most  distinguished 
musicians  and  was,  in  1980,  a 
participant  in  the  Harvard  Chamber 
Music  Festival  under  the  direction  of 
Leon  Kirchner. 

Judith  Eissenberg  was  a  scholarship 
student  at  SUNY-Purchase  and  the 
Yale  School  of  Music.  At  Yale  she 
served  as  a  teaching  assistant  and 
received  the  Charles  Ditson  award  for 
Outstanding  Maior  in  Music.  She  was  a 
member  of  the  artists-in-residence 
string  quartet  in  Fountainbleu,  France 
and  performed  with  them  in  Carnegie 
Recital  Hall. 

Mary  Ruth  Ray  was  a  scholarship 
student  at  SUNY-Purchase.  At  special 
invitation,  she  performed  in  the  Fifth 
International  Viola  Congress  and  was 
selected  to  perform  at  the  Casals 
Festival  in  Puerto  Rico.  She  was  a 


member  of  the  Scholarship  String 
Quartet  at  the  New  England 
Conservatory  of  Music  and  New 
College  Festival  String  Quartet  in 
Sarasota,  Florida.  She  was  also  a 
member  of  the  faculty  at  Wheaton 
College. 

Rhonda  Rider  received  her  degree  at 
Yale  School  of  Music  and  Oberlin 
Conservatory  where  she  was  awarded  a 
prize  for  Outstanding  String  Player.  She 
had  solo  appearances  with  the  Lima 
Symphony,  the  Oberlin  String  Arts 
Ensemble  and  was  principal  cellist  of 
the  New  Haven  Symphony.  As  a 
recipient  of  the  Concert  Artists  Guild 
Award,  Rider  made  her  Carnegie  Hall 
debut  in  1 980,  and  her  Chicago  debut  m 
1981. 

Audiences  following  the  progress  of  the 
quartet  since  they  came  to  Brandeis 
have  had  the  pleasure  of  hearing  four 
accomplished  musicians  grow  into  a 
capable  ensemble. 

However,  for  Professor  Koff,  the 
pleasure  is  even  greater:  "To  witness 
the  formation,  development,  and 
maturing  of  the  Lydian  String  Quartet 
has  been  my  special  privilege .  After  j ust 
a  few  years  they  arc  able  to  be  identified 
as  an  ensemble  that  is  cohesive, 
polished  and  ready  to  take  their  place  in 
the  international  musical  scene,"  he 
said. 

"The  Lydian  String  Quartet, "  wrote  the 
music  critic  for  the  Boston  Globe,  "has 
been  making  a  name  for  itself,  not  for 
the  rather  unusual  fact  that  is  in  an 
all-woman  ensemble,  but  because  it  is  a 
superior  ensemble."  ■ 


31 


Center  for  Jewish  Film 
Is  a  Cultural  Treasure 


Arts  Center  Houses 
Listening  Facilities 
and  Art  Collections 


Surrender,  silent  film  made  in  the  United  States.  1927 


A  1904  vaudeville  routine  parodying  a 
Jewish  pawnbroker.  Yemenite  fews 
being  flown  to  freedom  ( 1948).  The 
liberation  of  Ebensec  concentration 
camp.  The  1939  Yiddish  production  of 
Tevye.  Abba  Eban's  historic  speech  at 
the  UN  ( 1956).  German  anti-semitic 
propaganda  from  the  '30s  and  early 
'40s. 

These  are  just  a  few  of  the 
performances  and  events  captured  on 
film  and  housed  in  the  National  Center 
for  Jewish  Film  located  on  the  Brandeis 
campus. 

The  center  was  created  in  1976  with 
the  establishment  of  the  Rutenberg  and 
Everett  Film  Library,  a  ct)llection  of  31 
Yiddish  full-length  feature  films 
donated  to  the  society  for  preservation 
and  distribution.  Since  then,  the  center 
has  amassed  hundreds  of  films, 
photographs,  posters  and  printed 
materials  relating  to  Yiddish  or  Jewish 
films  from  private  collections, 
filmmakers,  and  organizations  from 
New  England  to  Australia. 

Of  the  five  major  film  archives  in  the 
United  States,  the  center  is  the  only 
one  devoted  entirely  to  a  single  subject 
matter. 

The  purpose  of  the  center  is  threefold: 
to  gather  and  ensure  a  safe,  permanent 
repository  for  all  film  materials,  both 
fictional  and  documentary,  dealing 
with  Jewish  life  in  historically 
significant  ways,-  to  provide  scholars 


with  centralized,  on-site  access  to  such 
a  collection;  and  to  facilitate  their 
constructive  use,  on  or  off  the  premises, 
by  educational  and  cultural 
institutions,  community  groups  and 
filmmakers. 

In  addition  to  offering  primary  source 
material  for  scholars  and  students  of 
sociology,  anthropology,  folklore, 
history,  politics,  linguistics,  theater 
and  film,  the  center  has  been  used  to 
provide  background  and  realistic  detail 
for,  among  others,  Barbra  Streisand's 
Yentl,  Herschel  Bemardi's  Fiddler  on 
the  Roof,  productions  at  the  Guthrie 
Theater  of  Minneapolis  and  an 
independent  documentary  on  the 
American  Jewish  labor  movement.  The 
Free  Voice  of  Labor — Jewish 
Anarchists. 

Through  a  difficult  and  extremely 
costly  process,  the  center  has  been  able 
to  restore  and  subtitle  over  10  Yiddish 
feature  films  from  its  collection.  These 
films,  along  with  newsreels  and 
documentaries,  have  been  circulated 
for  use  by  university  and  community 
groups  in  49  states,  Germany,  Japan, 
Sweden,  France  and  Mexico. 

Recently,  the  center  received  a 
$125,000  challenge  grant  from  the 
National  Endowment  for  the 
Humanities,  one  of  only  75  educational 
and  cultural  institutions  across  the 
United  States  to  receive  the  prestigious 
award.  ■ 


Those  who  wish  to  deepen  their 
knowledge  of  art  can  find  ample 
opportunity  on  the  Brandeis  campus. 
The  university  possesses  a  large 
collection  of  scores,  books,  and 
manuscripts  that  since  last  year  have 
been  housed  in  the  newly  built  Farber 
Library. 

The  pleasing  comer  of  the  library  called 
the  Norman  and  Rosita  Winston 
Creative  Arts  Center  contains 
collections  and  facilities  in  music  and 
fine  arts  that  make  listening  and 
reading  a  pleasure  that  goes  beyond  the 
records  and  texts. 

The  center,  with  its  large  windows 
overlooking  Chapels'  Field,  has 
comfortable  seating,  carrells,  tables, 
audio  devices,  turntables,  records, 
journals  and  books  that  make  it  a 
pleasurable  and  well  equipped  center 
for  the  study  of  the  arts. 

The  music  and  fine  arts  reference 
collections  number  1,500  volumes  and 
include  all  major  indexes,  abstracts, 
encyclopedias,  dictionaries,  and 
bibliographies.  Adjacent  to  this 
collection  are  current  issues  of 
periodicals  in  the  creative  arts. 

The  musical  score  collection  has  over 
12,000  volumes  with  emphasis  on 
scholarly  editions  in  medieval. 
Renaissance  and  Baroque  music,  as 
well  as  a  growing  collection  of 
performing  music  of  the  20th  century. 
The  music  microform  area  houses  over 
4,000  microforms,  including  many 
medieval  treatises  and  the  musical 
manuscripts  of  Bach,  Beethoven,  and 
Schutz.  The  microform  collection  is 
the  third  largest  in  New  England  and  is 
used  by  scholars  from  all  over  the 
United  States.  The  sound  recording 
collection  contains  13,000  discs,  tapes 
and  cassettes.  Emphasis  is  on  Western 
art  music,  but  folk  music,  jazz  and 
spoken  word  recordings  of  poetry,  plays 
and  speeches  are  also  available. 

The  Creative  Arts  Center  has  facilities 
to  accommodate  72  listeners.  A 
self-service  listening  room  for  use  by 
faculty  and  graduate  students  has  16 
positions  utilizing  record,  tape  and 
cassette  equipment.  ■ 


32 


Hanover  and  London 


Brandeis  University  is  part  of 
University  Press  of  New  England,  whose 
other  member  institutions  are 
Brown  University,  Clark  University, 
Dartmouth  College, 

University  of  New  Hampshire,  University  of 
Rhode  Island,  Tufts  University,  and 
University  of  Vermont. 


"The  exploration  of  truth  to  its  innermost  parts" 


Richard  Cobb 


A  Personal  Interpretation  of  France  under  Two 
Occupations  1914-1918/1940-1944 


"Richard  Cobb  has  a  strong  sense  of  how  ordinary  life  has  to  go  on,  even  through 
disasters,  and  a  sensitivity  for  vk'hat  it  was  hke  at  the  time,  matched  by  a  gift  for 
the  telhng  phrase."  Economist 

"Wise  and  dehghtful."  Stanley  Hoffmann,  New  York  Times  Book  Review 

"A  British  historian  and  deeply  sympathetic  observer  of  France  gives  a  superb 
account  of  the  human  condition  of  occupier  and  occupied  ...  a  wise  and 
evocative  book. "  Foreign  Affairs 

"His  knowledge  is  as  impressive  as  ever,  and  so  is  the  quality  of  his  writing,  full 
of  verve,  humanity,  and  wit."  John  Grigg,  The  Listener 

"Professor  Cobb's  feeling  for  the  minutiae  of  human  behaviour  enables  him  to 
give  a  highly  evocative  picture,  based  on  the  relevant  French  literature  and 
various  sets  of  memoirs,  both  of  the  involved  imbecilities  of  the  Vichy  regime 
and  of  the  tragi-comedy  of  collaboration."  John  Weightman,  Observer 

"Brilliant."  Jonathan  Steinberg,  Standard 

"Richard  Cobb  makes  the  individual  and  the  region  the  warp  and  woof  of  his 
tapestry  of  occupied  France  ...  He  has  the  imagination  to  see  that  soldiers,  too, 
are  as  much  the  victims  of  an  occupation's  restraints  as  are  the  occupied 
civilians."  New  York  Review  of  Books 

"He  has  a  superb  ability  to  humanise  history,  an  engaging  wit,  and  few  can 
match  him  as  a  raconteur." Manchester  Evening  News 

"Cobb  is  a  spellbinding  raconteur."  Smithsonian 

"Cobb's  kingdom  is  the  police  routine  that  ended  in  putting  Jews  on  trains 
bound  for  the  death  camps,  the  search  for  'chunks  of  undiscovered  private  space' 
that  had  a  German  deserter  stumbling  round  the  countryside,  trying  in  vain  to 
shed  his  telltale  boots.  There  he  is  unmatched."  John  Rosselli,  Guardian 

A  book  from  The  Tauber  Institute  at  Brandeis  University.  S 1 5.95 
University  Press  of  New  England 
Hanover  and  London