Brandeis Review
Summer 1992
Volume 12
uranaeis neview
Vice President
for Public Affairs
David Rosen
Editorial Assistants
Veronica Blacquier
Elizabeth Parthum
Student Assistants
Naomi Leeds '92
Stacy Letkowitz '93
Design Director
Charles Dunham
Senior Designer
Sara Benjaminsen
Design Assistant
David Miranda
Distribution/
Coordination
Nancy Maitland
Review Photographe
Juhan Brown
Staff Photographer
Heather Pillar
1991
Teresa Amabile
Gerald S. Bernstein
Edward Engelherg
Irving R. Epstein
Lori Cans '83,
M.M.H.S. '86
Janet Z, Giele
leffrcy Golland '61
Lisa Berman Hills '82
Michael Kalafatas '65
Jonathan Margolis '67
Arthur H. Reis, Jr.
Adrienne Rosenblatt '61
Stephen J, Whitfield,
Ph.D. '72
Brenda Marder
David Rosen
Vice President for
Public Affairs
Unsolicited i
are welcomed by the
editor. Submissions must
be accompanied by
a stamped, self-addressed
envelope or the
Review will not return
the manuscript.
Send to: The Editor,
Brandeis Review
Brandeis University
P.O. Box 91 10
Waltham, Massachusetts
02254-9110
S
Brandeis Review,
Volume 12
Number 1, Summer 1992
Bnmdeis Review
(ISSN 0273-71751
is published by
Brandeis University
P.O. Box 91 10
Waltham, Massachusetts
02254-9110
with free distribution to
alumni, students.
Trustees, friends, parents,
faculty and staff.
Postmaster:
Send address changes
to Brandeis University
Brandeis Review
P.O. Box 9110
Waltham, Massachusetts
02254-9110
Opinions expressed
in the Brandeis Review
are those of the
authors and not
necessarily of the Editor
or Brandeis University.
) 1992 BrandeisUniversity
Office of Publications,
Department
of Public Affairs
University Magazine
Network
National Advertising
Representative:
Fox Associates, Inc.,
347 Fifth Avenue,
Suite #1307,
New York, NY 10016
212-725-2106
FAX 212-779-1928
Cover: Gosman
Sports and
Convocation Center
(photo, Julian Brown)
A shudder of nostalgia for the great
outdoors unsettled many of us as we
watched, for the first time, the
unrolling of Commencement
indoors in the Gosman Sports and
Convocation Center. In reverie of
former Brandeis Commencements,
images of the pastoral Ullman
Amphitheater, site of
Commencement since the
University's founding, sprang to
mind: soft clouds scudding across
the blue sky,- gentle May winds
shaking the greening maples; geese
and ducks honking overhead, flying
from Massell Pond to the banks of
the Charles. But in the same
instant, we also recalled the darker
side of outdoor Commencements:
spectators passing out in the intense
heat and wilting humidity, or
visitors huddled together under
sodden umbrellas, shivering in a
spring downpour.
Witnessing Commencement under
the protecting roof of the Gosman
Center presented, to be sure, a
different sensation. Primarily, we
reacted with a sense of pride and
wonder that finally the whole
Brandeis extended family — some
7000 — could be seated together in
an interior setting; the sheer novelty
of it was almost overwhelming. We
were also conscious that history
was being made. The Class of 1992,
among other attainments, will be
remembered as the first to graduate
from the Gosman Center, and will
have thus appropriated a special
rank in the mythology of the
University.
But when all is said and done, the
essence of Commencement is not
the atmospherics — where we sit, if
it rains or shines — but how we have
equipped our graduates to go forth.
Commencement speaker Stephen
Solarz '62 hit the right note by
asking the right questions of our
Brandeisians. Quoting from the
Piikei Avot, the Ethics of the
Fathers, he queried:
"If I am not for myself, who will be?
But if I am only for myself, what am
I? If not now, when?"
How the members of the Class of
1992 respond to those questions in
the unfolding of their lives is the
true test of Brandeis's mission.
In this issue, you can read how
some of our alumni are answering
those questions. Timothy Steele,
Ph.D. '77 exhorts poets to return to
writing in rhyme and meter and
offers some stimulating reasons for
his argument. Myssa Turner '90, an
intrepid traveler and faithful
recorder, has made Russia the
center of her interests: here she
presents some sensitive excerpts
from her diary, written while she
was living in that troubled land. Ira
Shapiro '69, an attorney and expert
on Japan, shares his ideas on the
problems between the United States
and its powerful competitor.
As usual, the faculty join the
alumni in this issue to give us the
benefit of their thoughts. Historian
Jacqueline Jones, author of an
influential new book on poverty,
describes the awful course that
poverty has taken from the Civil
War through the 1990s, while
computer scientist Harry Mairson
first with humor, then in fullness of
purpose, explains the meaning and
potential of his field. Tucked in
among the articles, you'll find a quiz
with the famous and infamous date
of 1492 as its pivot point.
We hope the Review responds to
your need to know all about life at
Brandeis. Reactions and comments
are graciously received, and letters
that have to do with the substance
of the articles will be printed on a
new page devoted to "Letters-to-the-
Editor," starting with the fall issue.
Brenda Marder
The Editor
Summer 1992
Brandeis Re\dew
They Are the World
Commencement Number 41
Images from Commencement
Crisis in U.S.-Japan Relations:
A Perspective
Are we losing the economic war?
An expert on Japanese-American
relations explains what has gone
awry and how the United States can
control its competitive edge
Ira S. Shapiro '69
The Dispossessed:
An Interview
with Jacqueline Jones
A prize-winning historian shatters
common myths about poverty from
the Civil War through the 1990s and
offers new insights into a problem
that cuts across race and ethnic groups
:nda Marder
A Russian Winter:
Amidst the Corruption,
Sparkles of Gold
A recent graduate describes how the Alyssa Turner '90
Soviet system has ground down the
people: their saving grace is their
Russian culture that keeps the people
loving, dancing, writing and believing
The Forms of Poetry
The rhyming of poetry, wrote the
late Primo Levi, "is too beautiful to
disappear." Our alumnus poet agrees
Timothy Steele, Ph.D. 77
Sail On! The 1492 Quiz
Castle of Perseverance? Suleyman
the Magnificent? Morte d'Arthur?
Take the 1492 Brandeis Review
t^uiz to measure what you
remember about that era
The Stable Marriage Problem
How did you select your mate?
High-tech offers a novel approach
Harry Mairson
Around the University
43 Class Notes
Faculty Notes
Around the University
Founders' Day
October 17-18:
Abba Eban Coming
to Campus
41st
Commencement
Exercises
Speaking to more than 700
graduates and their
approximately 7,000 friends
and family at the 41st
Commencement exercises,
US Representative Stephen (.
Solarz '62 (D-N.Y.), who
delivered the keynote
address, said the United
States is capable of resolving
urban ills. "If we could find
the wherewithal to bail out
the ScSiLs, wage war in the
Persian Gulf, establish a
space station in the high
heavens. ..then surely we can
find the resources which are
a necessary, if not sufficient,
condition for real progress
toward resolving the
domestic difficulties that,
like a malignant cancer, are
threatening the vitality and
even viability of our
society," said Solarz, who
received an honorary degree.
He went on to say that
American values have
influenced the positive
changes in Europe, yet here
in the United States we are
unable to address the
problems of unemployment.
homelcssness and prejudice,
and urged the graduates to
become involved in tackling
America's domestic
problems.
Solarz, a member of
Congress since 1975, has
served for many years on the
House Foreign Affairs
Committee and has stood at
the forefront of public debate
on major foreign policy
issues. He will be leaving the
University's Board of
Trustees this year after 13
years of service.
Besides Solarz, the
University presented
honorary degrees to
archaeologist Robert
McCormick Adams,
secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution and head of a
complex of 16 museums and
galleries, the National
Zoological Park and
scientific and cultural
research facilities in nine
states and the Republic of
Panama; Elena Bonner,
medical doctor, human
rights activist, accomplished
writer and outspoken critic
of the Soviet government;
Charles R. Bronfman,
successful businessman,
Aie the World ' Heft)
honorary president of United
Jewish Appeal of Canada,
director of the Canadian
Council of Christians and
Jews, cochair of Operation
Exodus and honorary chair of
the Canada-Israel Securities
Limited |State of Israel
Bonds); Quincy Jones,
composer, arranger, singer,
conductor, trumpeter and
winner of five Grammy
Awards; Teddy Kollek,
mayor of Jerusalem; Robert
Shapiro '52, businessman
and family therapist, trustee
for the Boston Association
for the Blind and the
Combined Jewish
Philanthropies, a Brandeis
Trustee and former Alumni
Fund chair. President's
Councilor and Brandeis
Fellow; and Natan
Sharansky, outspoken leader
of the Moscow refusenik
community and visiting
professor at Brandeis.
A ceremonial ground breaking
IS planned for Founders' Day
toi the dedication of the
Ikniamin and Mae Volen
National Center for Complex
Svstems, an estimated $15.6
million campus facihty for
the study of the brain and
intelligence. The facility is
expected to be operating fully
in September 1994. The
Center will house the
computer science department
and selected faculty from
biology, biochemistry,
chemistry, cognitive science,
nguistics, physics and
psychology. Funding includes
S9 million from the federal
government and money from
two benefactors, Benjamin
Volen and Hadassah
Michtom. During the same
weekend, keynote speaker for
the dedication of the Jacob
and Libby Goodman Institute
for the Study of Zionism is
Abba Eban, member of the
Israeli Parliament for 30 years,
former foreign minister and
ambassador to the United
States and the United Nations.
Irving R. Epstein
Named Dean of
Arts and Sciences
University Provost Jehuda
Reinharz, Ph.D. '72 has
announced the appointment
of Brandeis chemist Irving R.
Epstein as dean of Arts and
Sciences, effective July I.
Epstein, the Helena
Rubinstein Professor of
Chemistry, is the first to fill
the dean's position since it
was redefined by President
Samuel O. Thier and
approved by the faculty and
Board of Trustees.
Epstein, who came to
Brandeis in 1971, earned his
master's and Ph.D. at
2 Brandeis Review
New IVustees
Appointed
Four Brandeis alumni and a
university president have
been appointed to the
University's Board of
Trustees. They arc: Wakako
Kimoto Hironaka, M.A. '64,
Barbara Cohen Rosenberg
'54, Michael Sandel '75,
Milton B. Wallack '60 and
Norman Francis, president of
Xavier University in New
Orleans. All except Francis,
who will begin his term in
1993, took their seats on the
Board following
Commencement.
Fiironaka, a member of
Japan's parliament, begins a
five-year term as an alumni
term Trustee. The recipient
of a 1987 honorary doctor of
laws degree from Brandeis,
she is a 1957 graduate of
Ochanomizu Women's
University and came to
Brandeis as a Wien
International Scholar in
sociology from 1958 to 1960
and later went on to earn a
master's degree in
anthropology in 1964.
Hironaka has been active in
the International Group for
the Study of Women and
served on the board of Avon
Products Company Limited.
She IS the author and
translator of several books.
Rosenberg is an educational
consultant and grant writer
for nonprofit organizations
and holds a Ph.D. in public
administration from the
University of San Francisco
and a master's from Harvard.
She formerly developed
programs for the Fromm
Institute of Lifelong Learning
at the University of San
Francisco and is a member of
the board of the Asian Art
Museum of San Francisco,
vice president of the Jewish
Home for the Aged and a
member of the advisory
board of the Department of
Jewish Studies at Stanford
University.
Sandel, who previously
served on the Board from
1981 to 1986 as alumni term
Trustee, is professor of
government at Harvard
University, where he has
taught since 1980, and also is
teaching undergraduate
courses at Harvard Law
School. After graduating
from Brandeis with a ioint
B.A. and M.A. summa cum
laude, Sandel earned a
doctorate from Oxford in
1981, where he was a Rhodes
Scholar. He is the author of
several books and articles.
Wallack will serve as chair of
the Fellows, a position that
includes an ex officio seat on
the Board of Trustees. He
earned his D.D.S. from
Temple University in 1964
and is a periodontist in
Connecticut. He is a member
of the Board of Governors of
the Connecticut State Dental
Association and has served as
an officer or board member
on a number of organizations
including the Anti-
Defamation League and the
New Haven Jewish
Foundation.
Francis has been president of
Xavier University since 1968.
He holds a J.D. from Loyola
University and a bachelor's
degree from Xavier, and from
1972 to 1976 he was chair of
Bdibdta Ruscub
Michael Sandel
the College Entrance
Examination Board. Because
of commitments to other
boards and institutions,
Francis will not take his
place on the Board until after
Commencement in 1993.
Gillette and
Brandeis Celebrate
25-Year
Partnership
Harvard University. He was
a member of Phi Beta Kappa
at Harvard College where he
earned his bachelor's degree,
graduating summa cum
laude. He has held
Guggenheim and Humboldt
Fellowships and was a
National Science Foundation
Faculty Professional
Development Fellow. The
author and coauthor of
numerous research articles,
he also is a former chair of
the chemistry department at
Brandeis. His main research
interests are chemical
oscillations and dynamic
instabilities, mathematical
modeling of biochemical
kinetics and neurobiology
and chemical chaos.
Scientists and top
administrators from The
Gillette Company and
Brandeis University marked
the 25th anniversary of a
precedent-setting partnership
that has trained 81
distinguished researchers
from around the world.
Brandeis President Samuel
O. Thier and senior officials
from The Gillette Company,
including William J.
McMorrow, senior vice
president for administration,
and John B. Bush, Jr., vice
president for corporate
research and development,
met with University and
company scientists on
campus for scientific
demonstrations and talks
about research and its impact
on society.
When the Gillette Fellows
Program was launched at
Brandeis in 1967, it
established a model for
corporate/academy
collaboration. The company
has invested $643,000 in the
program over the years and is
Brandeis's longest-continuing
corporate sponsor. Gillette
supports researchers who
make important
contributions in all areas of
1992 Rosenstiel
Award Recipients
Three scientists were
honored with Brandeis
University's 1992 Rosenstiel
Award for their ground-
breaking contributions in
devising a method to locate
genes associated with
inherited disease. David
Botstein, Ronald W. Davis
and Raymond L. White
created the method that
most recently has been used
to locate genetic change
leading to cystic fibrosis.
Botstein is professor and
chair of the genetics
department at Stanford
University School of
Medicine, Davis is professor
of biochemisty and genetics
at Stanford and White is
cochair of the human
genetics department at the
University of Utah School of
Medicine, where he also
serves as professor of human
genetics and biology.
The Rosenstiel Award was
established at Brandeis in
1971 to honoi outstanding
life scientists for discoveries
of particular originality and
importance to basic medical
research. Recipients are
chosen on the advice of a
panel of experts from the
Boston-area biomedical
community. Among the
previous winners are nine
scientists who later went on
to win the Nobel Prize.
President Thier
Receives Honorary
Degree
President Samuel O. Thier
received an honorary doctor
of humane letters at Virginia
Commonwealth University's
commencement exercises in
May. Virginia
Commonwealth University
is the largest urban research
and doctoral granting
university in Virginia.
Jcit to n^lit: David ButUem,
Raymond L. White. Samuel
O. Thier, Ronald W. Davis,
Hugh E. Huxley
Holocaust
Remembrance
Week
Commemorated
at Brandeis
Victims of the Holocaust
were remembered on campus
this spring with a memorial
service, a candlelight vigil
and a workshop on prejudice.
The planning committee of
15 students prepared the
schedule of activities with
the hope that their efforts
would attract fellow students
as well as other members of
the Brandeis community.
Other events were a lecture
by Holocaust survivor Israel
Arbeiter and the showing of
Au Rcvoir Les Enfants, a
French film about a lewish
boy hidden in a Catholic
school during the Holocaust.
Filmmaker Laurel Vlock, a
founder of the Fortunoff
Video Archive for Holocaust
Testimonies at Yale, gave a
kcvnotc speech entitled
"Rcmeinlxnii.i; the
HoloL.uist; The Value of
Personal testimonies
Recorded on Videotape, a
Legacy for the Future." Her
talk explained the
importance ot peisonal
document.ition mi ,i \ isual
medium and the imperative
of recording as many as
possible of these individual
stories while survivors of the
most monumental tragedy in
human history are still alive.
Watson Fellowship
Awarded to
Brandeisian '92
Brandeis fine arts studio
major Kimberly Beck has
won a Thomas J. Watson
Foundation Traveling
Fellowship for 1992-93. She
plans to use the $13,000
grant to work with artists
she admires in Japan and
Poland, and has arranged to
spend six months in Japan as
an intern and assistant to a
group of contemporary
sculptors. While there, she
plans to set up a studio so
Faculty Promotions
The Board of Trustees
approved ilie piomotion of
nine Bi.iiuleis l.ieiihy to
associate prolessdi with
tenure; Marc Brettler, Near
Eastern and Judaic Studies;
Margot Fassler, music;
Timothy Hickcy, computer
science; Michael Macy,
sociology; Paul Morrison,
English and American
literature; James
Pustcjovsky, computer
science; Joseph Rcimcr,
Homstein Program-Lown
School; Ranjan Sen, biology;
and Palle Yourgrau,
philosophy.
Brettler, Ph.D. '86 is a
biblical scholar who has been
praised for his dedication and
high standards in teaching;
last year he was awarded the
Walzer Award for Excellence
in Teaching. He is the author
of God is King:
Understanding an Israelite
Metaphor, as well as
numerous articles and
reviews. Brettler, who won
the 1990-91 Marver and
Sheva Bernstein Faculty
Fellowship, cochairs the
Board of C3verseers on the
Undergraduate Fellows
Program.
Fassler is a musicologist
specializing in the medieval
period. Her work examines
such issues as the place of
music in the culture of the
Middle Ages and the
interconnections between
literary and melodic
structures. She is the author
of Gothic Song: Augustinian
Ideals of Reform in the
Twelfth Century and the
Victorine Sequences. She
won the Elliot Prize from the
Medieval Academy of
America for best article on a
medieval subject, serves on
the board of directors of the
American Musicological
Society and is freshman
advisor and director of
graduate studies.
Hickey is a 1977 summa
cum laude graduate of
Brandeis. Among his
contributions to the field of
computer science is the
development of a set of
analytical tools for
examining how long it takes
computer programs to
perform basic operations. He
4 Brandeis Review
she can work on her own
painting. Beck, of Littleton,
Colorado, is one of 70
winners chosen from schools
across the country for the
prestigious award. Watson
Fellowships support a year of
independent study, travel
and experience outside the
United States for college
seniors after graduation.
Kimherlv Bl'l
Tuition
Charges for undergraduate
tuition, room and hoard and
mandatoiv fees at Brandeis
Unu'cisitv will increase next
vear bv 6,fi percent, from
S22,,S57 to S24,0.SI. This is the
third smallest percentage hike
in 20 years.
Tuition for the 1992-93
academic year will be 517,320,
room and board charges for the
14 meal plan will be $6,325
and mandatory health services
and media/activities fees will
total S406. The comparable
?''• figures for this year are
$16,085, $6,080 and $392.
To ease the financial burden
on needy families, the
University will increase its
funding for undergraduate
financial aid by 24 percent,
from $15.4 million to 519.1
million, and for the 1992-93
academic year Brandeis will
continue its need-blind
admissions policy. While
approximately 46 percent of
Brandeis undergraduates
currently receive financial
aid grants at the University,
the figure is expected to
increase to 50 percent next
year.
Antony B. Poionsky
Named to Brandeis
Faculty
applies his training as a
mathematician to the area of
logic programming and has
recently been working on
interdisciplinary projects
with biologists and chemists,
using the computer to look
for evolutionary patterns in
DNA.
Macy's research combines
general theory and empirical
research and uses
mathematical tools and
computer simulation. He
developed a computer
program called "Midas" that
allows students to develop
data-based answers to
complex social problems.
The program is being used in
other departments and at
approximately 20 other
universities. Macy was a
1989 winner of the Kermit
H. Perlmutter Award for
Teaching Excellence.
Morrison has a broad range of
scholarly interests including
literary criticism. He has
written mainly about the
relation of aesthetic beliefs
to political convictions and
has covered such topics as
modem poetry and politics,
the fiction of (ane Austen
and the political and
aesthetic implications of the
photography of Robert
Mapplethorpc. He is a 1989
recipient of the Kermit H.
Perlmutter Award for
Teaching Excellence.
Pustejovsky's work in
computational linguistics
ranges from theoretical
analyses of the stiaicture of
langua,i;c in .ippIiL.itions in
neurosLRiuc Ills research
provides a link between the
Department of Computer
Science and the new
Beniamin and Mae Volen
National Center for Comple:
Systems. He serves on the
editorial board of a number
of journals.
Riemer, M.A. '70, a
developmental psychologist,
studies the social
organization of everyday life
within institutions and
organizations of the Jewish
community, most notably
the synagogue and school.
He coauthored Promoting
Moral Growth: From Piaget
to Kohlbcrg and edited a
book on careers in Jewish
education. In 1988 he
received the Development
Research Award for research
on moral development of
kibbutz adolescents and
young adults.
Sen, who came to Brandeis
from the Whitehead
Institute, is a molecular
biologist whose current
research examines the
regulation and expression of
specific proteins at discrete
stages of cellular
development. He has
received grants from the
American Cancer Society
and a five-year Research
Career Development Award
from the National Institutes
of Health.
Yourgrau is author of The
Disappearance of Time: Kurt
Godel and the Ideahstic
Tradition m Philosophy,
which addresses the
metaphysical implications of
the reality of time. His
articles and reviews have
been published in a number
of journals of philosophy.
Antony B. Poionsky, a
leading scholar of Eastern
Europe and Eastern European
Jews, has been named
professor of modem East
European Jewish history in
the Department of Near
Eastern and Judaic Studies.
Editor of Polin, the leading
journal of Polish-Jewish
studies, Poionsky has
authored a number of books,
including Politics in
Independent Poland. The
Great Powers and the Polish
Question, The Little
Dictator: The History of
Eastern Europe since 1918,
and a prize-wirming, widely-
acclaimed edition of
Abraham Lewin's, A Cup of
Tears: A Diary of the
Warsaw Ghetto. Poionsky
has also lectured widely,
produced and directed a film
on fascism and appeared
frequently as a commentator
on radio and television.
"He is a valuable addition to
the faculty in the Near
Eastern and Judaic Studies
department in the area of
Polish and East European
Jewish history, which is a
field that is of particular
5 Summer 1992
Sports Notes
left lo right: Steve
Harrington, Jean Olds.
Robyn Goby, Remie
Calalang, June Parks
interest to Brandeis at this
time," said Brandeis Provost
and Senior Vice President for
Academic Affairs fehuda
Remharz, Ph.D. 72.
Born in 1940, Polonsky
received bachelor of arts
degrees from the University
of Witwatersrand and Oxford
University, from which he
was awarded the D. Phil, in
1968. He has also studied at
Warsaw University. After
lecturing for two years at the
University of Glasgow, he
joined the faculty at the
London School of Economics
in 1970 and became a full
professor there m 1989. He
left the LSE faculty m 1991
after an internal review
determined he had
miproperly diverted funds
from a staff research account
under his supervision for the
benefit of publications
produced by the Institute for
Polish-Jewish Studies.
Polonsky cooperated fully
with the review committee.
The committee's report
states that the money in
question was "used for
scholarly purposes which
appear to have brought credit
to the school, and not for
personal financial gain."
Even so, Polonsky repaid the
funds.
Polonsky disclosed these
facts in his application to
Brandeis, and University
officials confirmed them
through an independent
review, according to
Reinharz. Following the
review, he noted, Polonsky's
appointment was
recommended "unanimously
and unequivocally" by an ad
hoc committee and the NEJS
department and approved by
the Board of Tmstees.
Men's Basketball Team
Wins ECAC Tournament
Last season, while the
Gosman Sports and
Convocation Center was
under construction, the
Brandeis University men's
basketball team played its
home games at three
different off-campus sites.
This year, under the
direction of first-year head
coach Ken Still '72, the
Judges, used to a variety of
courts, upset the three top-
seeded teams in succession
on their home courts to win
the Eastern College Athletic
Conference (ECAC) Division
III New England men's
basketball championship.
In the opening round, senior
forward Andre James scored
25 points and had 12
rebounds to lead the Judges
to a 103-96 win at Bates
College. Senior guard Steve
Harrington added 23 points
and senior center David
Brooks had 15 points and 10
rebounds. Junior forward Eric
McGhee scored a career-high
18 points for Brandeis.
In the semifinals, Harrington
scored 27 points in the first
half to lead Brandeis to an
82-73 victory at Williams.
He finished with a game-
high 37 points. James
contributed 21 points and a
game-high 1 7 rebounds and
Brooks finished with 15
points and seven rebounds.
Harrington scored 24 points
in the first half to pace
Brandeis to the title win over
the two-time defending
champion, Colby College,
99-86. The Judges, playing in
front of a boisterous,
overflowing crowd of 3,000,
were led once again by the
three seniors. James had 21
rebounds and 1 8 points and
Brooks pulled down 19
rebounds and had 1 1 points
and five assists. Harrington,
who averaged 32.3 points in
the three ECAC games, was
voted MVP after his 37 point
performance in the title
game. He hit 11 of his 18
shots, including seven of 10
three-pointers. In
rebounding, the Judges held a
whopping 56-24 advantage.
The club ended the season
18-10.
In his last 10 games,
Harrington averaged 29.1
points per game. He finished
his career as the second
leading scorer in Brandeis
history with 1,632 points and
he is the school's all-time
leader in three-point field
goals with 209 to his credit.
Brandeis's Eleena
Zhelezov '95 Wins Two
Events at NCAA Track
Championships
Eleena Zhelezov '95 won the
triple jump and long jump at
the NCAA Division lU
indoor track and field
championships at Wisconsin-
Stevens Point. Brandeis
finished a best-ever third
place in the 30 team field, 13
spots better than in 1991.
Zhelezov was the only
woman to win two events at
the meet and the first
Brandeis track athlete to
achieve that distinction at an
NCAA Championship. She
was favored in the triple
jump and responded with a
leap of 39 feet 6 inches,
beating the second-place
finisher by nearly a foot and
a half. In the long jump, she
was in fourth place going
into her last two tries, but by
jumping 18 feet 8 inches she
won the individual title.
"She had the technique
when she immigrated here
from the Soviet Union. It
was obvious she had top
training in her native
country," said Brandeis
women's track coach Mark
Reytblat, who left the Soviet
Union 13 years ago and is
quite familiar with the
Russian club track and field
program.
Prior to the NCAA
championships, Zhelezov
won the long jump and triple
jump at the Tufts
Invitational, setting a facility
record in the latter event.
She set a school record in the
long jump at the Boston
University Terrier Classic
and won the triple jump at
the Greater Boston Track
Club Invitational. Zhelezov
finished the University
Athletic Association season
with the top ranking in the
long jump and the triple
jump. Brandeis won its first
UAA indoor meet in March
where Zhelezov set
association records in the
long jump and triple jump.
Brandeis Men's Swim
Team Excels in
Classroom
Coach Jim Zotz's men's
swimming and diving team
recently was honored in the
fall of 1991 for having the
highest combined
cumulative grade point
average, 3.395, in the NCAA
Division ffl. The all-
academic teams are named
by the College Swimming
Coaches Association of
America.
In addition, the Brandeis
women's swimming and
diving team was named to
the all-academic honor roll
for that semester, finishing
eighth in NCAA Division m.
Brandeis Review
Brandeis University
1991-92 Athletic Award
Winners
The winners of the 1991-
1992 athletic awards were
honored at the Athletic
Recognition and Awards
Banquet held in May. A pair
of versatile senior athletes,
Steve Harrington and June
Parks, topped the list of year-
end athletic award winners
at Brandeis. Harrington won
the Harry, Joseph and Ida
Stein Award, presented each
year to the outstanding male
student-athlete at Brandeis.
A basketball and baseball
standout, he was the first
athlete ever to win the award
unanimously. He was named
tournament MVP after
leading Brandeis to the
ECAC Division m basketball
championship. He also won
five games for the baseball
team, leading the Judges to
their first NCAA Division m
Parks won the Max Silber
Award, presented each year
to the outstanding female
student-athlete. She is an
eight-time Ail-American, an
11 -time UAA Champion, a
nine-time New England
Division III Champion and
she earned the Outstanding
Performer Award at the UAA
championships as a
sophomore and junior.
Remie Calalang, a four-year
varsity starter on the
women's soccer team, won
the Morris J. Sepinuck
Sportsmanship Award. This
is presented annually to a
senior athlete who makes a
significant contribution to
the athletic program and to
campus life. A four-time
UAA all-star and a two-tune
New England all-star.
Calalang volunteered her
time to various school
projects, and because of
her superior work was
selected as Special Projects
Coordinator for
Orientation '91.
Jean Olds was the wmner of
the Charles Napoli Scholar-
Athlete Award, presented
annually to the top scholar-
athlete. A four-time All-
American, she earned those
honors in two events, is a
two-time UAA cross country
champion and the UAA
champion and record holder
in the 10,000 meters. A
dean's list student, she
started the Varsity Club at
Brandeis.
Rohyn Goby was given the
Markson Award, presented
annually to the student-
athlete with the highest
grade point average in the
humanities. An All-
American in the 400 meters,
Goby was a five-time UAA
champion and a four-time
New England Division III
champion.
The Jim McCully Award is
presented annually to a
student-athlete who best
exemplifies the character,
dedication and good
sportsmanship of McCuIly's
Ail-American soccer career.
This year it was awarded to
cowinners: Olds and soccer
captain Andrew Roberts. An
Adidas Scholar-Athlete,
Roberts is a graduate student
in the Heller School. He has
traveled all over New
England speaking to high
school students and youth
groups about alcohol,
substance abuse, academics
and college athletics.
National Women's
Committee IVains
Leaders at 44th
Annual Conference
In June, more than 200
women came to campus
from every part of the
country for the Brandeis
University National
Women's Committee's 44th
annual conference. The
conference developed new
strategies for raising funds
for the Brandeis Libraries.
The largest "friends-of-a-
library" organization in the
world, the Women's
Committee has raised more
than $42 million for the
Libraries since its founding
in 1948, much of it in
communities thousands of
miles away from the
University's campus.
Presidents from the
organization's 115 chapters
nationwide attended
"Business of Brandeis"
sessions during a
preconference President's
Retreat at which they applied
lessons from the business
world to managing their
chapters.
Despite the Women's
Committee's strength in
numbers— 55,000 members
in 115 communities
nationwide — the kind of
fund-raising muscle
exhibited by this
organization takes more than
careful planning. This annual
pilgrimage to campus, where
chapter presidents and other
delegates meet Brandeis
students, faculty and
administrators and see the
fruits of their labor firsthand.
has provided the inspiration
for thousands of women to
return to their communities
and motivate members to
work for Brandeis.
At the 1992 conference
entitled "Discovery:
Challenges & Choices,"
delegates met with the
president of Brandeis, Dr.
Samuel O. Thier, and his
wife, Paula, "discovered" the
campus during a tour with
fine arts professor Gerald
Bernstein, explored the latest
technology in the Libraries,
met representatives of the
student body and heard
timely presentations by
professors on poverty, Japan,
the Commonwealth of
Independent States and plays
for, by and about women.
Established in 1968 to honor
Brandeis's Founding
President and Chancellor
Emeritus, Abram L. Sachar,
this year's Sachar Award
went to Pulitzer Prize-
winning New York Times
columnist Anna Quindlen
for her twice-weekly
column, "Public &. Private."
Speakers during the
conference included
Quindlen, Jehuda Reinharz,
Ph.D. '72, Brandeis provost
and senior vice president of
academic affairs, and
Shulamit Reinharz, professor
of sociology and director of
the Women's Studies
Program.
Delegates installed national
officers for the coming year
and presented their annual
gift to the University, which
this year was $3,043,102, at a
celebratory closing banquet
on Saturday night.
7 Summer 1992
They Are the World
Commencement Number 41
The procession of graduates
filing into the new Gosman
Sports and Convocation
Center
Two categories of
institutions enjoy counting
the years — the very old and
the very young. The ivy-
covered, tradition-heeding
universities solemnly wear
their mantles of history as an
honor and responsibility.
Brandeis revels in its youth
and takes special note of
every "first" as if each added
"first" can carry us back
once more to the miracle of
our beginning.
This year's Commencement
was a first — the first to take
place indoors. Under the
white, lofty ceiling of the
Gosman Sports and
Convocation Center, 732
euphoric members of the
Class of 1992 received
degrees. Sherri Geller, who
gave the senior address,
emphasized that Brandeis
had equipped them for the
future. A propos of the
ceremony, honorary degree
recipient Quincy Jones led
the graduates in singing "We
Are the World," the song he
produced a few years ago to
raise money for famine relief
in Africa. (See Around the
University section for more
details.)
The photos on these pages
typify the celebration of the
weekend.
%,,i0i.
President Samuel O. Thicr
officiating at his first
Brandeis Commencement
8 Brandeis Review
Honorary degree recipient
Natan Sharansky, human
rights activist who now lives
in Israel, being hooded by
Provost fehuda Reinharz.
Ph. D. 72
loosing obhgmgly for the
Brandeis Review on Saturday
evening at the Fellow's
Dinner: (left to right)
Tatiana Yankelevich,
daughter of Elena Bonner-,
honorary degree recipient
Elena Bonner, a human
rights activist: Brandeis
Professor of Russian Robert
Szulkin; and honorary
degree recipient Teddy
Kollek. mayor of Jerusalem
A student adjusts a
classmate's mortarboard
Sherri Geller giving the
senior address
Max Richter Professor of
American Civilization
Stephen Whitfield shown
here with wife, Lee. emceed
the Fellows Dinner on
Saturday evening
Brandcisinns hegm their
professional lives in the
midst of a recession
9 Summer 1992
Crisis in U.S.-
Japan Relations:
A Perspective
by Ira S. Shapiro '69
o
For years, polls have
recorded rising levels of
antagonism on both sides of
the Pacific. In the United
States, the majority of those
polled saw Japan as a
"threat" to the United States
and an unfair trader. In
Japan, a growing number
saw our country as a spent
force.
The 50th anniversary of Pearl Harbor
was to have been a time for celebrating
the strength of the U.S. -Japan alliance,
particularly in light of the historic
collapse of communism. Instead, it
became a time for assessing the
deterioration of U.S. -Japan relations.
For years, polls have recorded rising
levels of antagonism on both sides of
the Pacific. In the United States, the
majority of those polled saw Japan as a
"threat" to the United States and an
unfair trader. In Japan, a growing
number saw our country as a spent
force, overburdened with problems of
crime, drugs and AIDS, and Americans
as tending to use Japan as a
scapegoat for all of our own failures.
At the root of the deteriorating
relationship, of course, is the sea of
change in relative economic power
between the two countries. Throughout
the last half of the 1980s, most
Americans sensed that we were
slipping competitively, but derived
some assurance from a period of
uninterrupted economic growth without
inflation. Then the unexpected intensity
of the recession and President Bush's
embarrassing trip to Japan in January
1992 highlighted in unmistakable terms
fundamental weaknesses in our
economy and the competitive decline
of the United States vis-a-vis Japan.
10 Brandeis Review
Ira S. Shapiro '69 is a partner in
We Washington office of
Winthrop. Stimson. Putnam &
Roberts, an international law
firm based in New Yorl<. Before
entering private practice, he
worked 12 years (1975-1987)
in senior staff positions in the
United States Senate. He served
as legislative legal counsel to
Senator Gaylord Nelson (D-
Wis.) and minority staff director
and chief counsel to the Senate
Committee on Governmental
Affairs, as well as counsel to the
Senate Majority Leader Robert
Byrd and chief of staff to
Senator John D. Rockefeller IV
(D-W. Vs.). He was also the staff
director and chief counsel to the
Special Committee on Official
Conduct, which drafted the
Senate Code of Ethics.
Throughout the 1980s, his
Senate work focused largely on
international trade and industrial
competitiveness issues. He
worked on several Senate task
forces on these issues and
served as deputy issues
coordinator to the Mondale
Presidential campaign in 1984.
emphasizing these issues. His
study of trade and
competitiveness issues took him
to Japan in 1984 and
part of congressional
delegations. He returned to
Japan in 1989 to speak on the
politics of foreign investment
and was a distinguished visitor
of the Policy Study Group, a
Japanese think tank in 1991.
when he delivered a paper
entitled "The Uruguay Round,
the War in the Gulf and U.S.-
Japan Relations. "
Shapiro graduated from
Brandeis, magna cum laude,
with honors in politics and
shared the Sarah and Saul
Fechtor Prize for the outstanding
student of politics. He received a
master's degree in political
science from the University of
California at Berkeley, where he
attended as the recipient of a
National Science Foundation
Fellowship in political science.
He received his law degree from
the University of Pennsylvania,
where he served as editor and
business manager of the
Pennsylvania Law Review.
Before going to Washington in
October 1975. he practiced law
in the litigation department of
the Chicago firm ofJennerand
Block. He also served as law
clerk to U.S. District Court
Judge Alfred L. Luongo in the
Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
His articles on law and public
policy have appeared in the
Washington Post, the Harvard
Journal on Legislation and the
St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
HI
Kawasaki
m
In truth, the world has room for more
than one economic superpower;
Japan's dazzling economic growth did
not have to come at our expense. But
there has been a stunning long-term
failure of U.S. government policy to
deal with our own problems at home,
and to solve the unique challenge
posed by Japanese trade and industrial
policy. Hence, the United States
suffered major damage to its
manufacturing base: millions of
workers have lost jobs, and either
stayed unemployed or found other jobs
at wages that mal<,e middle-class life
just a memory and our technological
edge has eroded or vanished in many
sectors. Real wages have declined and
opportunities have diminished.
Looking back to 1945. using
approximate time penods, we can
perceive several distinct periods in U.S.
policy toward Japan: the intense
reconstruction period and the height of
anticommunist concern, including the
Korean War (1945-55): the period of
understandable national complacency
(1 955-65): the period of competitive
slippage while our national attention
focused on other pressing issues, such
as Vietnam, civil rights, the energy
shocks (1966-1980); and the Reagan-
Bush years, in which our trade and
competitive problems were
unmistakably clear, but naivete,
ideology and neglect made an effective
national response impossible (1981-
present).
The United States helped rebuild
Japan as an industrial nation because
the failure of Versailles after World War
I had taught the hard lesson of just how
damaging a punitive peace could be,
and because we wanted— and
needed — a democratic bulwark against
communism in Asia. Given the position
of the Soviet Union, the communist
11 Summer 1992
In truth, the world has room for more than one economic superpower;
Japan's dazzling economic growth did not have to come at our expense.
But there has been a stunning long-term failure of U.S. government
policy to deal with our own problems at home, and to solve the unique
challenge posed by Japanese trade and industrial policy.
triumph in China in 1949 and the
outbreak of war on the Korean
peninsula in 1950, concern about the
future of Japan and the need for an
anticommunist beachhead in that part
of the world was certainly
understandable.
Our industrial power was so enormous,
our domestic market so profitable,
Japan's resources and potential
seemingly so limited that the thought of
competition from Japan was simply
unfathomable. The doctrine of
"comparative advantage" suggested
that Japan with its abundant labor pool
and scarce resources was going to
be — and stay — the maker of cheap
toys, which were their first imports to
the United States. Most of the
agreements by which U.S. companies
licensed their technological 'crown
jewels" to Japan for a pittance occurred
in part because it was the price of
doing business in Japan, but also
because the U.S. companies believed
themselves unassailable.
By the 1970s, however, the
complacency and the prosperity of the
1950s and 1960s had been severely
jolted. In 1971, the United States ran its
first merchandise trade deficit of the
20th century. Japanese competition —
fair and unfair — devastated the U.S.
color television industry. The U.S. steel
industry, having granted excessively
generous wage and benefits
settlements to the steelworkers in
return for a no-sthke pledge, sought
relief from Japanese steel imports.
After the Arab oil embargo of 1 973,
small, energy efficient Japanese cars
first captured a significant chunk of the
U.S. market. The decade closed with
Harvard Professor Ezra Vogel, a
leading student of Japan, writing his
prescient Japan as Number One, which
detailed the remarkable progress that
Japan had made in education, worker
training and industrial innovation,
among other things.
Through the 1970s, Washington
showed signs of grasping the
significance of the competitive
challenge. President Nixon froze
wages and phces, and slapped an
across-the-board tariff surcharge on
imports. The Tokyo Round of
multilateral trade talks wrestled for the
first time with nontariff barriers, which
were beginning to proliferate to the
disadvantage of U.S. companies. In
1979, the U.S. government moved
vigorously to save the Chrysler
Corporation and took its first step
toward a coherent policy for the
beleaguered steel industry. An
approach was developing: government
would help industhes hard-hit by
foreign imports, but would require a
quid pro quo from industries and their
workers — a plan to ensure the
industry's competitiveness, often
featuring wage concessions and
commitment to price restraint.
Yet after Ronald Reagan's landslide
victory in 1980, the evolution of a more
realistic policy, focused on the actions
needed to maintain U.S.
competitiveness, stopped abruptly. The
administration was committed to
deregulation and ideologically opposed
anything resembling "industrial policy."
Moreover, Reagan supported the
Federal Reserve Board's tight money
policy and resulting "superdollar" to
wring inflation out of the economy. The
deepest recession since the
Depression (1981-82) ended in 1983
and gave rise to a sustained period of
job creation and economic expansion.
Yet the strong dollar virtually crippled
U.S. exports and sucked in foreign
products, particularly from Japan.
Foreign producers had gained a
toehold in the U.S. market share. The
damage that was presumably limited to
"basic industries" infected virtually all
the high technology and service
sectors thought to be the basis for
future U.S. prosperity. The U.S. trade
deficit peaked in 1987 at $150 billion;
roughly 40 percent of the deficit was
with Japan.
Confronted with the intense competitive
challenge from Japan, the Reagan
administration's phncipal weapon was
a devout belief in free trade. While
some key people in the administration
recognized the importance of opening
the Japanese market, others frankly
believed that unilateral free trade
benefited the United States, since U,S.
consumers would benefit from access
to higher quality goods at lower phces
even if foreign markets remained
closed to U.S. products. Moreover, the
administration frequently seemed to
operate on the assumption that Japan
shared our underlying commitment to
free trade and open markets, and any
deviation from that commitment could
be remedied by negotiation when the
oversight was pointed out.
This thinking qualifies as a good case
study of what historian Barbara
Tuchman called "the march of folly." By
the early 1980s, only people weahng
ideological blinders could have had any
doubts about the nature of Japanese
trade and industrial policy. Japan's
postwar economic miracle was a tribute
to extraordinary hard work, intense
commitment to education, dedication to
quality, managerial excellence and a
1 2 Brandeis Review
At the heart of Japan's rise
had been the shared vision
of the elite Japanese
government bureaucrats in
collaboration with Japanese
corporate leadership who
selected those industries
and technologies they
deemed important, and a
commitment to ensuring that
those areas received the
support needed to flourish
internationally.
willingness of individuals to subordinate
themselves to the goals of the
company and country. But at the heart
of Japan's rise had been the shared
vision of the elite Japanese
government bureaucrats in
collaboration with Japanese corporate
leadership who selected those
industries and technologies they
deemed important, and a commitment
to ensuring that those areas received
the support needed to flourish
internationally.
In general, this support included low-
cost long-term financial assistance
either from the government or from
banks with close ties to the corporate
group in question. Within the sectors,
the Japanese government often
encouraged intense competition
between Japanese companies, but the
market was closed to foreign
competition, irrespective of the quality
of the foreign products. The Japanese
governments approach included a
readiness to make Japanese
consumers pay higher pnces so that
companies could build volume, improve
their products and become world
leaders in export markets. This
nurturing of industries through a
combination of "promote and protect"
was a distinctly Japanese model of
capitalism that bore no resemblance to
the American pattern of commitment to
free trade and aversion to government
intervention.
At different times, Reagan
administration officials asserted
different rationales for their policies.
They admitted that Japan had been
more closed than we were, but argued
that Japan was rapidly becoming more
open because of indigenous consumer
impatience with the deprivations
inflicted by the Japanese government.
American officials claimed that the fate
of our "basic industries" was not crucial
because our future strength was in high
technology and services, as they
ignored the fact that the Japanese
model was proving particularly effective
for high technology as well. Some
administration officials occasionally
recognized the threat posed by
Japanese industnal policy, but argued
that such a policy could not work in the
United States.
The absence of a strategy toward the
Japanese challenge showed clearly in
the rapidly shifting demands that the
Reagan administration made of Japan.
Within the span of a very few years, at
different times, Japan was asked to
export less, import more, strengthen
the yen, stimulate the domestic
economy, stop exporting and invest in
the United States.
Under pressure from Congress, as
high-wage jobs disappeared, the
Reagan administration did grant import
relief to a variety of industries,
particularly autos. machine tools, steel,
and semiconductors. But most often,
the administration granted the relief
belatedly and required nothing of the
companies or industries in return. The
overall policy was clear, particularly
through 1985: free trade without the
requirement of reciprocal opportunities
in the Japanese market, without an
industrial policy to help failing
industries or support emerging
technologies, without an adjustment
policy to assist displaced workers or
hard-hit communities. It was a formula
for competitive suicide.
13 Summer 1992
OCITIZE
^<
Japanese corporate officials and
bureaucrats were not impressed by ttie
ability of U.S. companies to focus and
compete; they were probably even less
impressed by the feckless performance
of the U.S. government. Periodically,
Japanese business leaders such as
Sony's chairman, Akio Morita, would
express amazement at the willingness
of the U.S. government to stand by and
let the country's manufacturing
capacity erode. As University of
California Professor Chalmers
Johnson, perhaps the foremost expert
on Japan, wrote, "The failure of
American leaders whether to
comprehend the Japanese economic
challenge or to create appropriate
policies to meet it is probably the
greatest national scandal since the end
of World War II. ...The Reagan
administration. ..following in the wake of
its predecessors, allowed Japan
virtually to destroy many of America's
high-tech industries."
While the Republican administrations
bear the lion's share of the
responsibility for failing to respond to
the challenge from Japan, the
Democrats deserve blame as well.
Almost from the onset of the 1980s, the
Democrats, who were reading the
works of Ezra Vogel, Chalmers
Johnson, Clyde Prestowitz, Ira
Magaziner, Robert Reich, Jim Fallows
and others, understood the magnitude
of the challenge. They formed task
forces, wrote reports, recommended
policies and fought for legislation on
trade, technology policy and changes
in government organization. Yet at key
intervals, usually in election years, they
fell back on familiar themes and issues
such as safeguarding Social Security
and fighting for tax fairness. It certainly
was a factor that any Democrat who
raised his profile on the Japan issue
was condemned as a protectionist, a
"Japan basher," an apostle of "doom
and gloom," or an advocate of
"industrial policy." Many of the harshest
attacks came not from Republicans,
but from the press and the "friendly fire"
of Democratic economists. Some
Democrats in Congress, to their credit,
persevered, but the Democratic
nominees in 1984 and 1988 completely
failed to make the competitive
challenge from Japan an issue when
the whole country might have been
listening.
The Bush administration took office
with the advantage of a consensus in
favor of a firmer, more pragmatic trade
policy and the tools to carry it out,
granted by the 1988 Omnibus Trade
Act. Initially, there appeared to be
grounds for cautious optimism that a
more tough-minded policy was coming.
The administration designated Japan
under "Super 301 " as an unfair trader
with respect to forest products,
computers and satellites, raising the
stakes on the trade issue. Recognizing
that endless disputes over individual
products had dissipated goodwill,
accomplished relatively little and left
the essence of the Japanese system
fully intact, the administration launched
the Strategic Impediments Initiative
(Sll), discussions on the major
structural items which the United
States believed needed changing in the
Japanese system.
By April 1990, Ambassador Caria Hills,
the United States trade representative,
declared victory before the Senate
Finance Committee, claiming that
Japan had made "extraordinary
progress" in opening markets and
becoming a more consumer-oriented
society. The bilateral trade deficit had
It is dangerous,
unjustifiable and self-
defeating for Americans to
succumb to thinking
that decline is inevitable.
The United States still
leads the world in
many high-value, high-
wage industries,
including computers,
telecommunications,
aerospace, software,
biotechnology,
chemicals, plastics and
pharmaceuticals.
14 Brandeis Revii
decreased from $60 billion to $41
billion, Japan had become the second
leading recipient of U.S. exports (after
Canada), and many U.S. companies —
Schick, McDonalds, IBM— were
household names in Japan, But new
problems continued to emerge. The
Japanese manufacturing presence in
the United States— which had been
much sought after — did not deal with
U.S. suppliers as much as U.S.
companies. The Sll talks floundered;
discussions about why the Japanese
system was unfair encountered
understandable resistance, Japan lent
virtually no support to the U,S, efforts
to complete the Uruguay Round of
multilateral trade negotiations. Any
progress of opening the Japanese
market was not enough to keep up with
the growing fissures in the relationship,
particularly as the U.S. recession
deepened.
The combination of anger, resentment
and loss of confidence that marked
American attitudes toward Japan at the
beginning of 1992 has, for the moment,
receded, as the Los Angeles hots
prompt us to focus on the problems of
race, the poor and the cities. The
collapse of the Japanese stock market
and some signs of U,S, economic
recovery had the effect of easing U,S.
fears and deflating Japanese
confidence as well. As Wall Street
Jouma/ foreign editor Karen Elliot
House wrote, the Japanese no longer
look like the 1 0-foot tall economic
terminators; they have their own
serious problems.
Without underestimating the current
Japanese problems, we should
recognize that this reassuring theme
recurs about once every decade. Many
experts predicted that the price shock
of the Arab oil embargo in 1973 would
devastate the Japanese economy that
was 99 percent dependent on imported
oil for energy. The Japanese
government passed the cost through,
the economy absorbed one year of 16
percent inflation and the economic
miracle resumed. Growth soared, and
improvements in energy efficiency and
diversification of sources made Japan
far less dependent on imported oil than
they had been. In 1985, experts
predicted that the strong yen would
inflict great damage on the export-led
Japanese economy. Instead, the
pressure imposed by the "super yen"
made the Japanese corporations
restructure and modernize at an even
more ferocious clip, maintaining their
export markets without a hitch. The
currency changes did, however, make
U.S, real estate and manufactuhng
assets much less expensive, leading to
enormous increases in Japanese
ownership of U,S, assets.
The truth is that in the intense global
competition that will mark the
foreseeable future, Japan has
enormous assets; corporations flush
with capital to invest; government that
plays a supportive role for business; an
extremely skilled work force; a
commitment to civilian R&D that far
outstrips ours; and a growing
excellence in basic science to go along
with their unsurpassed ability to
translate scientific breakthroughs into
new commercial products.
many high-value, high-wage industries,
including computers,
telecommunications, aerospace,
software, biotechnology, chemicals,
plastics and pharmaceuticals. With the
dollar down, our exports are close to
record levels. Even our downsized
steel companies are world-class
competitors. America retains many
assets needed for national success in a
competitive world.
Our national failure has been
disproportionately a failure of
government policy and political leaders.
Preoccupied with foreign policy
concerns; oblivious to national
economic interests; unwilling to invest
adequately in education, training,
infrastructure and civilian R&D; hostile
to the idea of government-business
cooperation: naive about, or
ideologically unwilling to recognize, the
enormous differences between our
system and Japan's— the indictment is
severe.
But the truth is that our government
has also failed to deal with a host of
problems that have nothing to do with
Japan. We live with budget deficits, an
abysmal health care system, epidemics
of guns, drugs and AIDS and urban
conditions that no civilized nation
should find tolerable. When we have a
government that attacks the problems
facing our country, we will rebuild our
domestic competitiveness and
formulate a coherent policy toward
Japan, Until then, we will continue to
squander our great national
advantages. ■
But House and other commentators
make an important point. It is
dangerous, unjustifiable and self-
defeating for Americans to succumb to
thinking that decline is inevitable. The
United States still leads the world in
15 Summer 1992
The Dispossessed:
An Interview
with Jacqueline Jones
by Brenda Marder
The issue of poverty in the
United States has
prompted politicians,
journalists, policymakers
and scholars to analyze
and offer solutions for this
persistent and seemingly
intractable problem. This
season alone, four major
books have appeared and
are being reviewed and
quoted nationwide.
Heading the list is The
Dispossessed: America's
Underclasses from the
Civil War to the Present,
by Brandels history
professor Jacqueline
Jones. Others are:
Rethinking Social Policy:
Race, Poverty and the
Underclass, by
Christopher Jencks; The
New Politics of Poverty:
the Nonworking Poor in
America, by Lawrence
Mead; Two Nations: Black
and White, Separate,
Hostile, Unequal, by
Andrew Hacker; and Race:
How Blacks and Whites
Think and Feel about the
American Obsession, by
Studs Terkel.
As an historian, Jones
uses the sweep of history
to demolish the notion
that poor people are
different from other
Americans. By chronicling
the experiences of the
poorest Americans from
the time of the Civil War
%--
-Jk^-
through the 1990s,
she shows how economic
factors and lack of
protection by the law has
forced the destitute to the
outer rim of the economy,
pushed them from their
homes and splintered their
families. She argues that
the American poor
historically have struggled
toward a better life and
performed some laudable
feats to keep body and
soul together. The
Brandeis Review
interviewed Jones in April
(before the Los Angeles
riots). What follows
is an edited text of that
conversation.
Marder: I noted that your book's
title contains the designation
"underclass," a word that is
freighted with connotations.
Jones: No, I didn't use the word
"underclass" in the singular. I
deliberately put the word
"Underclasses" in the subtitle in
the plural: America's Underclasses
from the Civil War to the Present. I
also avoided the word "underclass"
throughout the book. "Underclass,"
as it is being used conventionally,
refers to persistent and concentrated
poverty. People who study the
"underclass" look almost
exclusively at the inner-city black
ghetto in the North. Thus they
exclude poverty in rural areas, or
any section outside of the inner
cities. The point I try to make in my
book is that the black inner-city
poor are not the only poor in this
country today. In fact, the poor in
rural areas actually outnumber the
urban poor. For instance, in North
Carolina the infant mortality rate in
1991 was among the highest in the
nation at 10.8 percent.
Marder: By using the term
"underclasses," though, haven't you
caused readers to misunderstand
your thesis? For instance, a reviewer
m The Boston Globe,
misunderstanding the subtlety of
youi using it in the plural,
complained that the term is "more
than a description of behavior," it is,
he insisted, "a metaphor for three
widely shared perceptions:
Conditions within inner cities are
unprecedented; the problems there
are complex and interconnected;
and they menace the rest of
America."
(ones: I used "underclasses" in the
subtitle because I wanted to capture
people's attention. I wanted to say
that I have something to contribute
to the so-called "underclass" debate
but that I'm also going to make you
think about the way you use the
term By using "underclasses" in
the plural, I am talking about a
variety of poor populations, a
variety of what I call "distressed
communities," many of which do
share similar characteristics with
those in the inner city. By using that
word in the plural, I found a way to
have people say, "I've never seen
that word. What does it mean? I
thought there was only one
'underclass?'"
Marder: "Poverty," you write,
"abides no line drawn by color or
culture." You assert that "forces of
marginalization engulf both black
and white." Do you conclude that
the root cause of poverty is
economic?
Jones: Yes, I see poverty as the
product of larger historical and
economic forces. Conversely, many
commentators in this country today
see poverty as the result of personal
pathology, that is, lack of character,
lack of ambition, those kinds of
failings. If we look at poverty within
these distressed populations, we can
see how certain groups of people got
caught up in larger historical
transformations. They've been
pushed off the land or out of their
jobs, not necessarily through any
fault of their own, but because their
labor is not needed in a particular
context. I think we have to
remember that our system produces
poverty as naturally as it produces
prosperity. As businesses
consolidate, streamline, become
more efficient, they inevitably
displace workers.
Marder: Can you give me some
examples?
Jones: The American economy
works well when it becomes more
efficient, when it can compete
internationally. But it automatically
creates various poor populations.
Take as an example the steel
industry, which was in big trouble
in the 1970s and 1980s because of
foreign imports. The steel industry
successfully met the challenge: it
pared down the white collar
managerial sector and cut the work
force by half. For the Indiana steel
belt, that translated into a lot of
17 Summer 1992
impoverished communities.
Another good example is North
Cdrohna's textile industry. Under
siege from foreign competitors, it
also consolidated and mechanized.
Between 1980 and 1988, 1,250
textile and apparel plants closed.
The Bureau of Labor estimates that
tLXtile machine operators and
tenders will decrease by 30 percent
m the next 10 years or so, a fact that
will wieak havoc on the population
(it North Carolina's Piedmont area. I
should note that nearly one-third of
all people in North Carolina and
Indiana live outside of urban
centers. They are older, poorer and
in worse health than their
counterparts in cities.
Marder: Then poverty really cuts
across all racial and ethnic hues.
Jones: Rural Indiana and North
Carolina textile regions are home to
blacks and also whites whose
forebears fled the coal mining and
lumber camps of Appalachia. These
groups and the generations-old,
black middle class in Washington,
D.C., contradict starkly the
falsehood behind racial politics —
that all blacks are poor and all
whites are middle class.
Marder: In your book, you
concentrate in large measure on the
poverty within the black
community, tracing their hardships
from the Civil War, through the
hard-scrabble postbellum years right
up through the 1990s. You explain
how blacks historically have been
trapped in poverty.
Jones: Within the poor population,
you can discern hierarchies. I find it
necessary to break the poor
population down into various
constituent groups: this approach
reveals that when we find blacks
and whites employed in the same
workplace or living in the same
community, chances are that whites
possess incremental advantages.
Sometimes the advantages enjoyed
by poor whites are minimal, but
they do nonetheless obtain
advantages. For example, often
when coal miners are assigned jobs
inside and out, usually the white
workers will be given the outside
jobs; in the South, when agricultural
workers moved into sharecropping
or tenant farming, it was usually the
white farmers that could move
more easily into the higher status of
tenants. Historically, whites have
been given preference over blacks in
the hiring of semiskilled workers,
even though members of both racial
groups had the same amount of
formal education or factory work
experience. Some of these examples
point to only modest advantages,
but consequently, some groups of
whites have gained a foothold in
various industries.
Marder: Name a major boon that
whites have enjoyed through the
years.
Jones: Freedom of movement —
freedom to leave one community
and search for work elsewhere. If
you look at the history of the ghetto
in the North, that constituted a
legal entity.
Marder: Legal entity?
Jones: A legal entity — by that I
mean blacks found it very difficult
to move outside of the ghetto
because zoning restrictions in
suburban areas or white
homeowners associations, in
collusion with the federal
government, restricted blacks. Now,
of course, those restrictions are
unlawful. Before the mid-1960s or
so, blacks could not move to better
areas where schools and jobs were
better. Now, though, middle-class
blacks, who were formerly confined
to ghettos, have moved out, leaving
behind very poor people. Those left
behind are not confined by law but
by economic reality.
Marder: Those people who are still
left in the inner city — if legal
barriers have been removed, why do
you think they are still there?
1 8 Brandeis Review
Jones: One key reason is the lack of
a decent education. The schools in
poor areas are underfunded and
understaffed. Schooling is unequal
for these children; it's not going to
prepare them for a good job. Even if
children finish high school, good
entry-level jobs are no longer
available in many cities. These high
school graduates will get part-time
jobs or lov/-paying jobs without
benefits and that will not lead to a
better outcome.
Marder: Was this historically the
case?
Jones: Not quite. Earlier in the
century, city folks could work at
jobs that didn't require much skill
or training and once they were able
to accumulate some money, they
might open a business of their own.
Or they might, once in the
workplace, move up the ladder into
a semiskilled or white-collar job.
Marder: Were these opportunities
open to blacks as well?
Jones: At certain points in time. In
1916, during the First World War,
when blacks migrated out of the
South, the country was mobilizing,
and foreign immigration had ceased
because of hostilities in Europe.
There was a great demand for labor
and many blacks found jobs in
defense plants. This was also true
during World War n.
Marder: But once the country
demobilized, how did blacks fare?
Jones: They were the first to be
pushed out of the factories as the
country switched to a peacetime
economy.
Marder: I read the section in your
book that describes vividly the
horrendous conditions under which
blacks existed in the postbellum
years in the South. I conclude from
that reading that due to the politics
of race and economic factors, they
remained almost as enslaved as
before emancipation. Am I
overstating?
"^i!*^ 19 Summer 1992
DI!il<i^|{[!;!;[D
Jones: Certainly there are
differences between slavery and the
postbellum period. The black family
could not exist as a legal entity
under slavery. After slavery, black
families began to exert their
integrity. Black communities
founded their own churches,
established their own schools. On
the other hand, they remained in an
economically subordinate position.
They were held to the countryside
within the plantation economy. I
try to show how they could move
around within that economy, but
since there were no real job
opportunities in Southern cities,
and since before 1916 there were no
real opportunities in the North,
they had to remain in an essentially
exploitative situation.
Marder: What I found compelling
was your examples of how blacks
engage in the same kind of survival
tactics now in the inner cities as
they did in the 19th century.
Jones: There are similarities in
household strategies. People forage;
they cooperate with their neighbors,-
they piece together a living
wJ- . .^
Jacqueline Jones, Harry S.
Truman Professor of
American Civilization,
joined the Brandeis
Department of History in
1991. Sliebadbeena
professor of history at
Wellesley College since
1976 and spent from 1988
to 1990 as Clare Boothe
Luce Visiting Professor of
History at Brown
University. Her most
recent book. The
)ispossessed: America's
Underclasses from the
Civil War to the Present,
received national
attention for its treatment
of the issues surrounding
poverty, which defies
traditionally employed
racial terms and focuses
on the American South,
Southeast and deep
South. Earlier
publications include
Soldiers of Light and Love:
Northem Teachers and
Georgia Blacks, 1865-
1873 and Labor of Love,
Labor of Sorrow: Black
Women, Work and the
Family from Slavery to
the Present, which was
awarded the Bancroft
Prize m American History
and the Browm
Publication Prize of the
Association of Black
Women Historians. She
was a finalist for the
Pulitzer Prize in History
in 1986. A member of Phi
Beta Kappa at the
University of Delaware,
she graduated in 1970
with distinction and high
honors hi American
studies. She earned her
doctorate and master's
degrees in American
history at the University
of Wisconsin, Madison.
sometimes in a patchwork way — a
few odd jobs here, part-time work
there. People do the kinds of work
that are really not recognized by
employers or welfare agents as
productive labor. The women may
be exchanging services, sharing
their meager cash, yet welfare
workers will complain that these
people are not working, that they're
living on the state, they're
dependent. I wanted to demonstrate
that there exists a kind of moral
economy, an underground economy
that is not necessarily defined by
dollars, but one that reveals the
resourcefulness of poor people. In
fact, all of their labors do not show
up on the welfare agent's tabulation.
Many people have a compelling
interest not to report certain modest
forms of income because then all of
their benefits are reduced
accordingly, which makes their
lives even more precarious.
Marder: I noted while your book is a
fine piece of scholarship, you do
betray a great deal of sympathy for
people who are oppressed by
poverty. That sentiment really
comes through.
Jones: While I was doing the
research I was struck by the
resourcefulness of these families
who show a great deal of initiative
in seeking out various jobs.
Sharecroppers, for instance, never
stopped working. In slack seasons,
they'd go off the plantation and find
wagework and then return during
the harvest season. Meanwhile,
their wives would take in laundry
and their children would fish or
pick berries. They weren't shiftless
or lazy people, and yet they have
been stigmatized as such through
the generations. Most were really
making heroic efforts at times to
provide for themselves and to resist
dependency. They wanted to
provide for themselves and yet they
have received nothing but
opprobrium as a result. What a
bitter irony.
Marder: You argue against the
concept of the "culture of poverty."
You stress that poverty does not
20 Brandeis Review
isolate people from the mainstream,
as many social scientists and
policymakers claim.
Jones: The term, "culture of
poverty," implies that poor people
make up a subculture, as if they
didn't share the values the rest of us
do — having a nice place to live, a
formal education, a good job. These
values are not exclusive to the
wfhite middle class. The poor share
those goals but too often they are
not successful in achieving them. A
lot of public policy is based on a
misapprehension that poor people
are enveloped by this "culture of
poverty," so that they can't help
themselves. They assume that the
poor wouldn't help themselves even
if provided the advantages of more
well-to-do people, like good schools
and decent jobs that pay a fair wage.
This is an extremely patronizing
point of view. That's one reason I
wanted to contribute an historical
view. If we look at the histories of
individual families we can actually
document their struggles to make a
better life.
Marder: Because you are an
historian your work is descriptive
rather than prescriptive. As we read
your analysis, we end up with a
sense of desperation. You write that
"as the poor population comes to be
ever more foreign, native-bom
white and even (formerly) middle
class, a politics based on race proves
ever more self-defeating for blacks
and whites alike. In the early 1990s
the political leaders who understand
this fact are few and far between, so
rooted in the national consciousness
is the idea of black distinctiveness."
Jones: I write this because if you
hsten to the major candidates today,
they are not really addressing the
issues of poverty. Nobody wants to
address the issue of these distressed
communities. My theory about this
silence is that too many politicians
think that if they talk about
poverty, they've got to talk about
blacks. If they discuss blacks, they
assume they'll have to raise a host
of so-called controversial and
divisive issues related to drugs,
crime, welfare. My point is that we
have to acknowledge that blacks in
this country have a unique history:
they were the only group to be
enslaved. But they are not the only
poor people in this country. Larger
historical transformations that have
brought black people to where they
are have also affected certain groups
of white people as well. So my point
is that a class analysis is much more
compelling than a race analysis.
Marder: Why is this so difficult for
politicians to argue?
Jones: For a politician to make one
point about the uniqueness of
blacks and at the same time
elaborate on the bonds of all poor
people doesn't make for a very good
sound bite. Politicians need to make
it clear that you can acknowledge
both positions at the same time.
They fear that if they insist upon
the uniqueness of blacks, they will
be accused of marginalizing them. If
they include them without special
description in a general discussion
of poverty, then politicians fear that
they will be accused of not
recognizing the very real, special
problems that blacks face. Because
of the nature of political debate
today, complex issues don't get
aired.
Marder: One of the reasons
meaningful debates don't take place
is that none of the politicians has
the vision to articulate issues and
solutions. Can the poor form
coalitions to have more national
leverage?
Jones: There is very little
understanding among displaced
rubber workers in Ohio that their
plight stems from the same forces of
dispossession as that of people in
inner-city Detroit. There are a lot of
barriers that need to be overcome —
class, racial, regional and others. I
think that one lesson the recession
has taught people is that you can be
out of work but not morally
deficient. One of the great myths in
America has been that this is a land
of opportunity and if you are out of
work, there must be something
wrong with you in terms of
intelligence or ambition. Certainly
as more and more people line up to
collect unemployment
compensation, that view becomes
less and less tenable.
Marder: What about mobility, the
old American panacea that in this
huge country if you can't get work
in one region, you can move to
another.
Jones: That won't work any more.
Today if you're down on your luck
in the Mississippi Delta, and you
move to Los Angeles, it's not going
to help you. If you don't have much
in the way of education or skills,
you'll end up with low-level
employment that will keep you
poor. Education, day care, affordable
housing, health insurance, decent
jobs — all of these issues need to be
linked by politicians and
policymakers, but they are not
making those connections.
Marder: What will your next book
be? Will you stay with the same
subject?
Jones: A variation of it. I'm doing a
study of the American social
division of labor, that is, how
certain jobs get parceled out to
particular groups over the
generations. I'll begin with the
colonial period and move to the
present. I'm very interested in one
of the themes I brought up in The
Dispossessed — encounters between
black and white workers in the
workplace to see how and when
political cooperation took place. My
theory is that, in certain times and
places, there is much more fluidity
in race relations than is usually
thought — such as, during the
Populist years in the late 19th
century and during the 1930s with
the founding of the CIO. I enjoy
doing big projects like books rather
than articles, and my books seem to
come in seven-year spurts. ■
21 Summer 1992
Turner's official
purctiasing permit
Alyssa Wendy Turner 90 majored in English and
American literature at Brandeis. She spent the
spring of 1990 studying Russian language and
culture at the AS. Pushkin Institute In Moscow.
Toward the end of the summer, following her
return to the United States, she unexpectedly
received an invitation from the director of a then-
forming private Soviet school— a venture
previously unheard of— to return to /Moscow for a
year as a teacher of English and American
language, literature, culture and history. Already
missing Moscow, eager to know the country better
and anxious to be reunited with her friends, she
went.
This Is the story of Turner's second stay In
Moscow. September 3, 1990 to June 19, 1991.
This sojurn was highly unusual In that, unlike most
foreigners living in the Soviet Union, she was
completely Immersed In Soviet society, having
virtually no contact with other foreigners. She
A Russian Winter:
by Alyssa Turner '90
Amidst tlie
Corruption,
Sparldes of Gold
lived In a Soviet apartment,
taught Intensive evening
courses In a Soviet school
for a ruble salary, shopped
exclusively in Soviet stores
and outside of the classroom
spoke only Russian. Her
students comprised two
groups of six- and seven-
year-olds to whom she
taught basic English, and six
groups of high school
students from specialized
English schools (certain
Soviet state schools
specialize in various areas,
for example mathematics,
humanities or sports) to
whom she taught courses
primarily In British poetry.
She encountered many of
the typical difficulties and
unpleasantnesses of the
Soviet workplace during her
experience as a teacher.
Including the initial apathy of
her students, severe
animosities and jealousies
among teachers, and the
blatant anti-Semitism of an
administrator who
continually harassed her.
The administrator was finally
fired for, among other
activities, spreading
slanderous gossip to the
Personages named in the journal are as follows:
Tatiana Is the director of the school where Turner
taught: Andrei and Dima are roommates in the
university dormitory, both from the southern
Russian city of Volgograd: Tanya is a Muscovite
friend and university student: Slava Is the
husband of Yana, a friend from Kiev, whom
Turner visited In March: Natasha is a friend and
history teacher in the school: Katya Is an
upperclass student in one of Turner's groups.
This account of my year in IMoscow was taken almost entirely from diaries
and letters written at the time. What I wrote about, in those rare moments of
leisure when I found the time or presence of mind to write, were the things
in my daily life that disturbed me and haunted me. Only rarely did I interject
descriptions of the many joyful occasions that sustained me despite all the
surrounding ugliness; such occasions were many, and I treasure them in
memory, but I don't write about them because they do not nag to be puzzled
out on paper. Let me say merely that I love the country, the people, the
language, the literature, more deeply than I can express, and my closest
friends are there. Perhaps even because of this love, the ragged ruins of
Soviet society were so painful to me.
22 Brandeis Review
parents of her students, tt^ufi
causing several to withdraw
Nevertheless, spurred by
her feeling of cultural affinity
for this now sadly nameless
country. Turner came to
engage in life there during
the months of cold, hunger
and mounting desperation
immediately preceding the
August coup.
She has recently finished
her master's degree In
Russian literature at the
University of Wisconsin at
Madison. She departed for
Russia in June for a year's
stay during which time she
hopes to form her
observations and
experiences into a book.
l\/leanwhile. she tries to find
time to write poetry and
stories and has translated
poems of several Russian
poets into English. She and
Dima, who Is entering his
final year of study in
chemistry at l\/loscow State
University, plan to be
married in Volgograd this
summer.
irner on the campus
oi the University of
Wisconsin, h/ladison,
late spring. 1992
September 3, 1990 — On the train to Moscow
September 20, 1990— Rosh Hashana
Difficult to believe I am back. There stand the
scruffy birches, the dachas, the untidy jaundiced
undergrowth. The first thing we heard on the radio
last night was that there is no bread in the stores
in Moscow.
I wonder if summer ever happens here. It is so
gray and cold, and those filthy little huts and the
windowless frames of greenhouses are scattered
beneath us as the train passes. The old man in
the bunk above me has a thick down jacket with
fur trim.
Last night when I got out of the train at Vyburg on
the Soviet border, I noticed an old woman in a
beret walking down the track along the whole
length of the train, and shining a flashlight onto its
belly to search for stowaways; she was somehow
a pathetic stand-in for the usual austere border
guards.
Last night when Andrei gave me a
pomegranate, I told him the story of
Persephone, saying I must eat nine seeds for
my nine months in hell, in a land where there are
nine months of winter. The sky is darkening
above the rooftops as I wnte. The holiday is
ending. Sitting in the kitchen here, I thought I
heard someone learning to blow the shofar, but I
must have been mistaken. Like the time last
year that Andrei and I took shelter from the rain,
and I thought I heard Kabbalat Shabbat being
chanted from above. We went skittishly up the
stairs and stood listening before a huge carved
wooden door to an eerie hodgepodge of voices,
of which we could understand nothing, maybe
because of some sinister power of the rain. A
strange imagining. Here nothing can be found.
'All is ground underfoot, like this, and buried
deep," Andrei said bitterly.
September 5, 1990 — Moscow
October 21, 1990
We have accepted 200 students into our school,
out of more than 2,000 hopefuls from all over
Moscow. I think the groups will be very strong in
general, but still some acceptances were made on
the basis of the connections of the parents. For
example, one man from the KGB wanted his
daughter in, it seems, and there wasn't much
choice. After all. although private institutions like
this school are now legal, their status has not
really been clearly established. Even now we're
tottering just above an abyss of problems, which
range from having no access to textbooks or
xerox machines, to having no capital or the right
to own our own building. We pay enormous taxes,
more than 40 percent. A mere snap of someone's
displeased fingers could shatter the whole dream
in a moment. We have to be careful.
The view from my apartment is "typically Soviet,"
but I like it somehow. There are three or four
white, rickety, 12-floor apartment buildings
identical to my own. My balcony is cluttered with
pigeon droppings and rubble and paint left by
workers when they renovated the flat three
years ago, but most of the balconies I see have
flower pots and rows of clothes on clotheslines. I
can watch the people as they come to hang out
their clothes or wash their windows— a
surprisingly common occurrence. Outside there
is a small "children's square," a plot of grass with
some trees, monkey bars and a bench where
the grandmothers sit. Beyond the white buildings
of my complex, there are more and more ugly
buildings of vahous shades of gray and brown—
and blue where the paint has not chipped off.
Beyond these are factories and smokestacks,
and from the kitchen I can see just off to the left
corner of my building where the tram tracks
curve around to the front.
23 Summer 1992
f>d
t H n
is
<^
Q.
*
in
o
X
Oi
A
:y
■A
-^> ^s
In the beginning my apartment had no turniture,
no hot water, no faucet taps, no lights or light
fixtures, except for two little wires protruding from
the ceiling in each room. Buying any of the items
in a store was out of the question. Dima searched
and searched, and when after a week he came
back with the needed items, he wouldn't tell me
where he got them. Other friends have donated
meager furniture and dishes. So now I'm set and
comfortable, though I don't have any lamps or
rugs. One of the teachers in my school knows a
family that is emigrating, and she said maybe they
will sell me some of their things; they have to sell
everything, of course, to pay for the tickets.
October 27, 1990
There is no possibility of a shimmering, misty,
languid ivory tower here, and I am glad of that.
There is no imagining oneself apart from society.
There is no illusion that food simply floats like
manna from the skies into ones outstretched,
indifferent hands. Every bit of food that enters my
kitchen has a story to tell. The carrots are still
covered with thick, wet Russian earth: they have
only just been pulled from the ground. Meat
means at least an hour's wait. Today there was a
bitter fight in which one woman was knocked
against the floor as she tried to take a piece
without waiting in line, though the piece had been
discarded already, nothing but bone and rotting
gristle. Milk spoils overnight, but if boiled, it will
last for a day or two.
The human organism cannot be ignored here. It
has its cries, its needs. My feet never stop aching
from the hours of standing in lines. But the
physical exhaustion is nothing compared to the
constant scarring of the soul at the sight of people
mutilated by hardship, transformed into brutes;
one feels oneself transformed as well, and even
knows a thrill at the transformation. Somehow this
rawness strips all masks away and reveals the
essence of living.
Decembers, 1990
dead; a tiger staring out of its cage with desperate
eyes like those of a human and not a beast; five
or six leopards in separate tiny cages, pacing as
though they yearned to walk themselves to death.
Every animal was hungry — the goats, the
elephants, the Chinese ponies; every animal was
biting the bars for food.
Just like the hunger, the craziness of the people.
What is left of humanity cowers gibbering in dark
corners, calmly stirring among broken bottles,
wiping the streaming blood from its brow like the
drunkard I saw last night; and only here and there,
now and then, does it spring up fresh, perfect,
resilient as a wildflower's starry face amidst
weeds and rubble. Yet sometimes now, ironically,
I feel that I myself am more Soviet than anything
else, and all the rest is wisps of dreams not yet
faded, since this world that has sucked me in is so
absolute.
I'm beginning to fear that my students are numb
to all I say; even at age 14, 15, 16, they are
already a part of the grinning, smooth, soundless
machinery. Maybe they will never learn to think, to
feel. I thought I could shock them into it somehow,
but now I begin to doubt.
January 4, 1991
On New Year's Eve, Dima and I went to Tanya's,
where there were four couples in all. We had a
nice meal and watched The Nutcracker on
television, and at 1 1 :50 pm Gorbachev gave a
little speech. At midnight the clock of the Kremlin
began to chime, and we lit sparklers and threw
them down from the balcony into the snow. On
New Year's Day everyone — literally — except us
was drunk. We finally managed to get tickets to
see Gone With the Wind, which was interesting
with Russian translation. I had a fantasy of
escaping from the city with Dima into the woods,
lighting a bonfire and roasting potatoes; but we
were not determined enough, and the sun set too
early. Gigantic, gaudy "New Year's trees" still
decorate the city, each topped by a glinting red
star, identical to the stars of the Kremlin; they
watch over us all from their supercilious heights.
Dima and I went to the zoo on Saturday, and
there was very little there, but what was there was
horrible: two elephants in a tiny, stinking indoor
room, one of them obviously crazed, endlessly
shaking its head and trunk as though to rid itself
of some unbearable vision; a bear heavily asleep
in a freezing outdoor cage, or hibernating, or even
January 15, 1991
We have winter again, not winter as before — that
was just a bit of ice and slush. Now we have the
true Russian winter. A wind that grieves as a wind
in no other country can grieve. Thick snow that
sifts about skirts and boots without a sound. An
impenetrable white sky, like the space of
imagination in which the possibility of imagination
24 Brandeis Review
'■'■1^0 uj
'TTn
^.
r.
c.
Ayi
o.
%
''^^^p^-'f:^
has been lost, like the marble of a tomb, like the
face of a sheet of paper afraid to bear words. The
cold enters the soul like a knife with the fear, the
dull, gnawing unease, the sense of something
about to happen.
January 18, 1991
Everyone here is wrapped up now in events in
Lithuania, and abhorrence of Gorbachev has
reached its highest pitch; people positively spit his
name on the filthy sidewalks, pfthth! There are
reporfs of the possible organization of Lithuanian
and Latvian national armies, and Yeltsin has
suggested the formation of a similar Russian
army, although with the looming Kremlin right
here in IVIoscow, any civil war in Russia herself is
probably far away. Nevertheless, the fervor is
catching. The slogan of the day is "Today
Lithuania — Tomorrow Russia." Meetings have
been taking place all over the city, and even
Dima's afternoon classes in the university were
called off one day so that the students and
professors could meet to discuss the local
implications of recent events in the Baltics.
f\/leanwhile, a sensationalist Leningrad newsman
has announced that the alleged murders in Vilnius
did not even occur; he says the corpses were
stolen from the morgue, shot and put in position.
January 22, 1991
Sasha, Tatiana's husband, loathes her and all
women, but he is still not the worst husband she
could have. He knows how to bribe and terrorize;
thus somehow he always manages to bring home
meat— beef and American chickens— though
Tatiana herself doesn't even know where he gets
it, and doesn't want to know. And he doesn't
drink, as so many husbands here do, then come
home and beat her. One sees such couples very
often— on the streets, trams, buses— respectable
women in fur coats and hats, with big leather
pocketbooks and tired, sad eyes cast always
downward in a long habit of shame. Their
drooling, red-faced, staggering men in dirty
jackets and gray slacks hang on their arms, fur
hats pulled down over one eye. They emit an odor
that seems to reek from every pore and can fill up
a whole bus instantaneously.
January 31, 1991
The longer I'm in f^oscow, the more I begin to
sense the absolute loss, or lack, of any center that
could hold. Soviet morality is topsy-turvy from the
beginning; it has the semblance of human
morality, as an old beggar woman has the
semblance of a human being, but like her, it is so
shrivelled here, and swollen there, that it hardly
bears its own weight. And what could glasnost
possibly have done, but stnke that beggar in the
jaw. send her spinning on her head?
To have an idea of the mentality here, one has to
understand that this country is nothing but a
gigantic concentration camp in which children
have been born, and had children of their own,
and even grandchildren; the daily struggle for
existence is the only reality this people has ever
known. People who grew up cringing do not know
what cringing is. Yet even they can sense the
surreality of their universe; the parents of one of
my pupils said not long ago that this country is like
the nightmarish embodiment of one of Lenin's
dreams, in which all the nerves of his brain have
taken on identities of their own and become
deputies, agents, salesgirls. Not surprising, then,
living in a world that is so unreal and so terribly
real at once, that the people have become
warped, distorted, hardly human creatures at all
who do not know up from down (for their
equilibrium depends entirely upon which way
Lenin's head, in which they dwell, is tilted at any
given moment), let alone right from wrong.
When one looks at everything in this light, one
understands that glasnost was an eminently
perfect plan. Now that several generations in the
Prison of this country had passed and the beggar
creatures in all their haggard glory were complete,
they had forgotten the need to cringe; they had
gotten cheeky, desperate, with the vicious
desperation of animals, not the cool, planned
desperation of humans. And so it was time for
glasnost; to shock the people to their foundations
by the very knowledge that an outside world
exists — as those who have never seen anything
but a ceiling are shocked to hear about the sky
they will never be permitted to see.
The viciousness seethes in their faces, in their
voices, and every angry curse or blow rips its
victim like cutting teeth hungry for gore,
sharpened on hatred, jealousy, resentment, fear,
desperation, bitterness— all the ugliest emotions.
This is the common means of human exchange,
every tortuous moment of every tortuous day. IVIy
students are troubled by it and write of it in their
essays.
25 Summer 1992
February 2, 1991
Februarys, 1991
The last days here have been incredibly cold —
about -30°C, with a wind besides— and today
most of the schools in Moscow didn't work, but
ours did. Packs of hungry stray dogs are
becoming a problem in some cities. My poor cat
eats whatever she's offered out of necessity:
kasha, potatoes, rice cereal in milk, cheese,
barley. She ate a whole side of one of the milk
curd cakes I made yesterday before I even
noticed what she was doing. She even nibbles on
green onions!
Slava came over yesterday for tea, and he was
telling me of his fears. In Moscow, rumors are
circling. A week ago. totally unexpectedly, there
was an order that all 50- and 100-ruble bills were
to be turned in within three days to be exchanged
for bills of lesser denominations. No more than
the amount of one month's salary could be
exchanged. One of my students told me that her
grandmother, an honest pensioner who has been
saving kopeck by kopeck for years, has lost
almost everything. The black marketeers and
extortionists have hardly suffered, however. The
first day of the exchanges, they were selling 1 00-
ruble bills in the market near my apartment tor 25
rubles, and on the second day for 1 0!
And so the reins have begun to tighten again, to
keep the people in a dizzy whirl, not knowing what
is freedom and what is captivity. Yesterday on the
nightly news program, some minister of
something-or-other made a special statement in
response to certain pervasive rumors, promising
with great solemnity that "phces will not rise." and
then saying in the same breath that, of course,
prices will have to rise because it is necessary for
the transfer to a market economy. But everyone
understands that it is simply necessary for a
further subjugation of the people.
Slava says there will be a civil war. He says the
people have weapons — some left from World War
II, some stolen from drunk soldiers, some traded
from bordering countries through the black
market. But I find the outcome of a war even more
scary to contemplate than the continuation of the
present regime, because there is no counter-
ideology, no balance, no concept of "right" at all.
no orator, no symbol.
I suppose it is strange that I can have such
thoughts and feelings and still love it here. But I
do understand why. In the midst of all the
corruption, there are sparkles of gold, there is
something— a hope, a promise — something in
people: Natasha, Dima, Katya. Inexplicably,
despite all humiliation, some humans remain
angels. Just some. And that means everything in
the world.
Now that the coldest spell is past, already we
begin to anticipate sphng. and finally I see that
maybe some of my students are beginning to
understand what it means to think. I pray this is
true, because I really throw myself heart and soul
and bones and skin into this work, hoping to make
some difference in at least a few minds. Teaching
literature is something very vague and perhaps, I
sometimes think in desperation, impossible — it
means teaching an unsystematized logic, trying to
convey an aesthetic, ethical, philosophical,
intuitive sense, all founded upon a basic network
of knowledge of history and culture. The usual
way of studying literature here consists merely of
memorization, repetition and a gasping,
romanticized worship of the literary work, without
knowledge of how to read, analyze or understand
any of its intricate politics and structures. Nearly
all of my pupils are eager and enthusiastic, and
that is a start. I am only afraid sometimes that it is
an eagerness to have yet another variety of
propaganda poured into their brains — not an
eagerness to think, to question not only the
propaganda they have ingested in the past, but
also everything /am saying.
February 17, 1991
This socialist economy is beginning to have a
strange effect on me, and I keep dreaming of big
meals, with varieties of food that no one here has
heard of: restaurants with a quiet, homey, spicy
atmosphere: and, best of all, department stores
with racks of pretty clothes. I never thought I was
tied to having things, but living in a society where
there is nothing pretty, nothing tasty, nothing
unique to be had for the asking does take its toll.
Last night was another one of alarming dreams:
this time some sort of high holidays service in a
chapel full of candles; a dog with its paws cut off
and bloody; a store full of bright clothing; a hall full
of tables laden with food — plates of lettuce,
tomato, avocado — which army tanks then
smashed into the gray concrete; an endless train
running on a dark, endless track.
March 14, 1991
March 8, International Women's Day, turned out
to be a wonderful day for me. On Thursday, all of
my students brought me flowers and presents: a
book of poetry, a painted plate, a little matrioshka
26 Brandeis Review
OS
doll, a book of Nabokov's plays. All week long my
kitchen has looked and smelled like a garden, full
of tulips, carnations, roses, hyacinths and
mimosa.
I've been amusing myself by starting to spend
some of my hard-earned money, which has been
sitting around in heaps in my apartment all winter,
ever since the law was passed limiting bank
withdrawals. In the market last week I bought a
Romanian dress for my sister, a little rag rug, a
painted cutting board, a beautifully decorated
wooden egg, a rabbit-fur hat, pickles, walnuts,
cucumbers, flat Georgian breads called "lavash,"
which are sold hot and steaming, mandann
oranges, cinnamon, fir and pussy willow
branches, a carved wooden comb and a hand-
sewn nylon wallet with lots of nice pockets to
replace the one that was stolen from me. Also I
had a lucky find in a store near me: deodorant!
March 26, 1991— On the train to Kiev
a part. But somehow psychologically, deeply, I
have become an Insider, although paradoxically, I
can never become an Insider, because Insiders
are defined by their very ignorance of any
Outside...
I think I have come to understand this riddle.
There are two cultures here; Russian and Soviet.
The Soviet culture is a great machine that has
crushed many, many — but not all. Despite the
generations that have passed, native culture goes
deep, and there are those who have managed to
resist with dignity: quietly, each in his or her own
way, by believing, loving, dreaming, singing,
writing. And so the machine, ultimately, though it
has conquered the multitudes, has failed. In
having lived here, survived here, struggled and
fought here for truth and courage and beauty, with
the partnership of my students and my friends, I
have contributed my part to the general effort and
become one of them: one of the number of
Insiders who have triumphed in remaining
Outsiders after all these years.
The land is yellow still, and only some of the
branches are brushed with red, the first fever of
life. Life will return, and soon: it is gathering
courage now, and one night soon it will creep out
everywhere, first the wisping scent, then the
green tendrils.
IVly students are wonderful now, and were it not
for them, I could not work at all. Stores are a
nightmare as always, and prices are rising. I am
morally and physically exhausted by this crippled
society, its ugliness, its unabashed dishonesty
that poses brazenly as beneficence. I am
convinced by the workings of this school that
there is no possibility of doing anything honestly
here: the structure of the society itself prohibits it.
But I am also convinced of something else: the
young generation that is growing up now has
promise, brings hope. If there is ever any
possibility— which I am not convinced there is— of
breaking through the cycles of history, then this
generation must do it or it will never be done.
June 19, 1991— On the train to Helsinl^i
I don't believe I've left. Nothing is real from now
on. Now, after the heavy gray sky, we've crossed
the border and suddenly all clouds have melted.
Such short grass, shaped trees, shiny cars, sunny
skies. I don't believe in going home. I don't
believe in any world but that one of tangled green,
slender birches, stooping buildings. It doesn't
matter that it is now already a ghost in memory—
now it is mine forever, with all the other haunted
halls in which our lives pass away. Already the
radio signal from Moscow is fading. ■
April 20, 1991
The spring here is nice — pale fruit blossoms,
feathery green grass and buttercups — but it has
uncovered the filthy city, and so it is hard to say
my general mood is one of joy.
./^V
>^
^";^
Somehow I have become an Insider here— I don't
mean just because I earn only rubles, speak only
Russian, buy food only in state stores or any other
number of silly reasons — although all of that plays
27 Summer 1992
f /\^
The Forms of Poetry
f f
by Timothy Steele, Ph.D. 77
When I was eight or nine, my mother read me
Tennyson's "Locksley Hall." She admired the poem for
its hope that our race's propensity for war would one
day cease. Though I was too young to understand
matters of war and peace, I was much taken with those
famous lines that are sometimes said to foretell modem
aviation:
Timothy Steele received
his Ph.D. from Brandeis
in English and American
Literature in 1977. writing
his doctoral dissertation
on the history of detective
fiction. Since that time he
has published two
collections of poems,
Uncertainties and Rest
and Sapphics against
Anger and Other Poems
and a volume of literary
criticism and scholarship.
Missing Measures:
Modem Poetry and the
Revolt against Meter. His
honors include a
Guggenheim Fellowship,
a Peter LB. Lavan
Younger Poets Award
from the Academy of
American Poets, the
Commonwealth Club of
California Medal for
Poetry and the Los
Angeles PEN Center
Literary Award for Poetry.
Currently, Steele is a
professor in the English
department at California
State University, Los
Angeles, and is
completing a third
collection of poems.
For poetry by Steele, see
back cover.
For I dipt into the future, far as human eye could see.
Saw the Vision of the world, and all the wonder that
would be-.
Saw the heavens fill Viith commerce, argosies of
magic sails.
Pilots of the purple twilight, dropping down with
costly bales.
hideed, this passage so impressed me that I memorized
it, something I had never consciously done with any
piece of literature before. It had a stirring cadence, and
the rhymes delighted me. I must have previously heard
poetry; my mother in fact has told me that she had
earlier read my brother and sister and me Mother Goose
and Stevenson's Child's Garden of Verses. Yet this was
the first time I realized that poetry was something
special and that by means of it langtiage could carry
music as well as meaning.
Tastes and perceptions change, and "Locksley Hall" is,
for various reasons, no longer my favorite poem. But I
am still moved by the same qualities that enchanted me
when my mother read Tennyson. Metered and rhymed
verse creates a sensuous appeal to the ear and mind that
no other kind of composition makes. And, for me at
least, there is no greater joy than hearing a fine poet
harmonize the infinitely variable rhythms of human
speech with the fixed patterns of poetic form.
It was for this reason that when I began to write poems
in the late 1960s and early 1970s, I did so in meter and
rhyme and stanza. I hoped that one day something I
wrote might offer others the same kind of pleasure that
I derived from poetry.
At that time, however, the traditional tools of poetic art
were out of favor, as they still mostly are today. Free
verse held sway, and form was alleged to place absurd
and archaic limits on self-expression. Yet even in my
first fumbling attempts at composing verse, I never felt
that meter or rhyme were adversarial checks or chains.
They resisted me, to be sure, but in ways that let me
develop and test my strength. And on those rare
28 Brandeis Review
Alfred Tennvson
occasions when a couplet or a stanza clicked with my
own voice and phrasing, I felt incredihly cheered. I felt I
belonged, albeit in a small and tenuous way, to a
community of writers that included Shakespeare and
Ben lonson, Keats and Christina Rossetti, Dickmson
and Hardy.
Probably my outlook was also affected by having been
bom and raised in Vennont and by the fact that from
the later stages of elementary school on, my classmates
and I were exposed to the work of a local bard named
Robert Frost, who was officially installed as the state's
laureate in the summer of 1961, when I was between
the seventh and eighth grades. He wrote with
spellbinding accuracy about a world my friends and I
saw around us every day. As Vladimir Nabokov once
noted, no one else ever made snowflakes settle as well
as Frost did.
Especially riveting was Frost's ability to bring his
perceptions into sync with poetic form. He was a
consummate technician, who time and again
demonstrated the ways in which scene and mood could
be shaped and pointed by verse structure. Though this
quality is difficult to illustrate in short quotations — one
really should read a number of Frost's poems to feel the
effect — the following two stanzas of "A Late Walk"
may indicate something of his musical intelligence:
And when I come to the garden ground
The whir of sober birds
Up from the tangle of withered weeds
Is sadder than any words.
^IBP^ Jr ^51^^ ^
Frost was as well a master of surprising, yet unstrained,
rhyme. In his "Evening in a Sugar Orchard," for
example, he describes sparks which, rising from a
sugarhouse chimney, catch in the bare maples above
and form sublunary constellations. And he says of
them:
They were content to figure in the trees
As Leo, Orion, and the Pleiades.
Would anyone, having heard the initial "trees"
termination, have anticipated that it would be answered
by "Pleiades?" Yet this word is just right. It is visually
apt. It is, moreover, intellectually striking, concluding
as it does the arresting comparison between the small,
transitory sparks in the trees and the vast and virtually
immutable stellar groups in the heavens. And it is
typical of Frost's dexterity and tact that "Pleiades"
clinches rather than sets up the rhyme. If one flip-
flopped the lines, they would still make grammatical
sense, but something of the chann of the couplet would
be lost. The rhyme would not startle us with the same
pleasure were the unusual word to precede rather than
follow the common word.
Clearly, Frost's self-expression was not inhibited or
made archaic by poetic form. Nor was he at all reticent
about his allegiance to meter and rhyme. It was he who
compared writing free verse to playing tennis with the
net down. And even if I had not loved traditional poetry
to begin with, his imposing example would have made
me cautious of writing poetry in any mode without
learning beforehand the time-tested procedures for
versing. I would have felt like a pianist presuming to
perform sonatas without having learned scales.
For the first 10 or 12 years that I was writing, literary
life was lonely, yet there were, happily, some
extraordinarily gifted established poets working in
traditional form, among them Richard Wilbur and the
teacher with whom I worked as a graduate student at
Brandeis, the late J.V. Cunningham. Cunningham's
metier was the epigram, which is a short poem that
aims at making a witty point. Cunningham's wit,
however, was never simply humorous. His epigrams
were funny and entertaining (qualities too little in
evidence in recent poetry); but, as the following two-
liner reveals, he could at the same time be biting and
serious:
A tree beside the wall stands bare.
But a leaf that lingered brown.
Disturbed. I doubt not, by my thought
Comes softly rattling down.
29 Summer 1992
\J f
i
William
Shakespeare
\j r r f
This Humanist whom no beliefs constrained
Grew so broad-minded he was scatter-brained.
And this next piece, however clever in its compression,
is quietly reflective:
Life flows to death as rivers to the sea.
And life is fresh and death is salt to me.
Like Cunningham, Wilbur is a deft craftsman, and he
has a marvelous ear and eye for detail. No poet observes
the physical v/orld with greater warmth and acuity.
Consider his recent poem, "Transit":
A woman 1 have never seen before
Steps from the darkness of her tovm-house door
At just that crux of time when she is made
So beautiful that she or time must fade.
What use to claim that as she tugs her gloves
A phantom heraldry of all the loves
Blares from the lintell That the staggered sun
Forgets, in his confusion, how to runl
Still, nothing changes as her perfect feet
Click down the walk that issues in the street.
Leaving the stations of her body there
As a whip maps the countries of the air.
Wilbur's choice of words is unerring. "Tugs" perfectly
renders the image of the woman pulling on or adjusting
her gloves; "clicks" does the same for the heels coming
down the walk; "maps" neatly conveys the motion of a
whip that fluidly shces the air into precincts.
The poem also illustrates the manner in which poetic
form can support and vivify subject matter. If
Cunningham's epigrams achieve their incisiveness
partly by their meter and rhyme, something comparable
occurs in "Transit." The poem's subject is the
transience of human beauty, and its title may recall for
some readers the observation of Thomas a Kempis, Sic
transit gloria niundi — "Thus passes away the glory of
this world." The poignancy of the poem derives from
the keenly felt realization that, as lovely as the woman
is, she will fade in time. Yet the poem also intimates
that in another respect her beauty is as absolute as time
itself. "Still nothing changes," Wilbur writes; and his
superb final couplet, in which he imagines that the
woman's progress to the street is so vivid as to leave
behind afterimages, suggests that she shapes the very air
and world through which she passes. And the poem's
intuition that there is something lasting in the
evanescent miracle it perceives is affirmed and made
convincing in the form. It is by his skillful use of form
that Wilbur catches and distills the moment. On the
one hand, there is the ephemeral experience; on the
other, there are those much more pennanent measures
of poetry (the pentameter couplet Wilbur employs so
well here goes back at least as far as Chaucer's time],
measures that can preserve and sustain the experience.
The work of Cunningham and Wilbur was a great
comfort and inspiration when I was starting to write.
Yet in their fidelity to metrical craft, they were the rare
exceptions, not the rule. The overwhelming majority of
poets wrote free verse. This situation was summed up
by the poet Stanley Kunitz in an interview with
Antaeus magazine that appeared in 1978. "Non-
metrical verse," Kunitz commented, "has swept the
held, so that there is no longer any real adversary from
the metricians."
Among the younger generation of American poets
during this period, there seemed no interest whatever in
form. When my first book appeared in 1979, the
reviewer for The Hudson Review, the late Richmond
Lattimore, cited and described one of its poems as
"desperately and delightfully unfashionable." I had read
Lattimore's translation of The Iliad in college, and was
pleased that he thought the poem dehghtful. But I
experienced a rueful twinge about the desperate part of
the characterization, since writing in meter and rhyme
did make me feel at times like a hving fossil.
Fortunately, this situation began to alter in the 1980s. It
turned out that, here and there, other young poets had
been working in traditional forms. The gradual
emergence of our work was noticed and to my surprise
and probably to theirs as weU, critics informed us that
30 Brandeis Review
fi^
we were a movement — the "New Formalism."
Recently, I published a work of historical scholarship,
Missing. Measures: Modern Poetry and the Revolt
against Meter, which examines the ideas and conditions
that led to modem poetry's break with metrical
convention. Had the book appeared a decade earlier, it
would have sunk without trace. Appearing now,
however, it has been much reviewed and debated.
Needless to say, many people have resented my raising
questions about the role of poetic form in poetry, and
not all comment about the book has been favorable. But
at least poets are again thinking and talking about
meter and rhyme and versification.
Why this has happened now is not clear. I suspect that
there is a broad-based anxiety, as we approach the 21st
century, that the great revolution in the arts that took
place at the dawn of the 20th may have been misguided.
The original revolutionaries perceived more acutely
what they wished to challenge or undermine — meter
and rhyme in poetry, representation in painting and
sculpture, conventional melodic arrangement in
music — than what they wished to establish. As a result,
the revolution had considerable destructive vitality, but
it did not have comparable constructive powers to
create alternatives to replace the conventions it swept
away.
One sees this situation in the field of poetry. After the
triumph of the free verse movement led by Ezra Pound,
T.S. Eliot and William Carlos Williams, poetry was left
at something of a loss. As Williams noted uneasily in
the early 1930s, the art had entered a kind of "formless
interim." But the interim led nowhere, and
formlessness became a permanent and dominant mode
of poetic expression. Furthermore, the formlessness
grew more and more formless. The initial
experimentalists had not wished to do away with
traditional craft altogether. Eliot in particular
maintained a kind of dual allegiance to the fornial and
free throughout his career, and he and Williams were
alarmed in their later years by what they perceived as
the rapid decay of poetic practice.
For a time there was a vague hope that out of the ruins
of the dismantled old metric, a new metric would arise.
But, as 1 point out in Missing Measures, this hope
wasn't practical. Meters reflect patterns of speech that
occur naturally in language. Poets do not invent them
S^ff
out of thin air. To construct a new metrical system, one
would first have to construct a new language, or the
pronunciation or accentuation of the existing language
would have to change radically. So once the battle the
modernists fought had been won, their followers tended
simply to maintain a somewhat meaningless spirit of
rebellion, meaningless because the styles and attitudes
against which the rebellion had been directed had
ceased to exist.
As hopeful as the current interest in traditional form is,
it is uncertain whether it will lead to a sustained
revival. As others have observed, the opposition to
meter is formidable, especially in the creative writing
programs and organizational poetry networks around
the country. But perhaps the biggest obstacle to a
renaissance of metrical art is that, after the upheavals of
recent times, few poets and readers understand what
meter is or how it works.
Meter is organized rhythm. The adjective in this
definition is as important as the noun. Most speech is to
some degree rhythmical. Basic devices of sentence
structure — for example, antithesis and parallelism —
impose a certain rhythm on language. But the rhythm
of meter is regularly organized; traditional English
meter, for example, entails arranging speech into a
pattern of altemating unstressed and stressed syllables.
The metrical unit repeats, and the scheme of repetition,
once it is recognized, can be felt and anticipated as a
kind of pulse in the verse.
Meters are based on or derived from normal speech
patterns. People who do not understand traditional
versification sometimes say that it is unnatural to write
in meters because we don't speak in them. But as
Professor Cunningham was fond of pointing out, we do
in fact often speak in meters or fragments of them. For
instance, as a teacher myself I constantly hear students
utter iambic tetrameters:
/ need another syllabus.
My paper isn't ready yet.
How many classes have I missed?
You mean this will affect my grade?
I feel that I deserve an A.
So, too, with iambic pentameters. Some years ago when
I was lunching in a cafeteria, I couldn't help but notice
that a couple at a nearby table was arguing. Though the
argument was conducted in hissing whispers,
eventually the woman rose angrily to her feet and,
before stalking away, said aloud to her companion:
31 Summer 1992
s^ f f f
Emily Dickinson
"You haven't kissed me since we got engaged." My first
thought was, What a zinger! My second was that the
zinger was a perfectly regular iambic pentameter:
X /x / x/ x/x/
You haven't kissed me since we got engaged.
The point is that if meter is artificial, it is related, as all
effective artifice is, to nature. That's why meter works.
If the iambic pentameter did not accommodate actual
speech rhythms, poets would never have been able to
use it to write sonnets or epigrams, much less to write
such longer works as Macbeth or Paradise Lost.
A final point is that a particular meter is, in one respect,
simply a general model of a certain type of line. To say,
for example, that a poem is composed in iambic
pentameter is merely to note that its lines feature
alternate unstressed and stressed syllables and that this
unstressed-stressed (iambic) arrangement repeats five
(penta-) times. But this does not mean that all the
unstressed syllables are equally light and all the stressed
syllables equally weighty. Rather, what a poet does is to
write lines that conform to the basic pattern, but that at
the same time consist of modulations within the
pattem.
Perhaps I can best illustrate this point by discussing the
opening lines of a sonnet that I wrote several years ago.
The lines describe a bee landing and grappling for pollen
on a jade plant:
The worker hovers where the jade plant blooms.
Then settles on a blossom to her taste:
Her furred and black-and-yellow form assumes
A clinging curve by bending from the waist.
\j r f
\
According to the traditional system of scansion, one
may divide each of these lines into their five "feet" and
mark them thus:
x/x/x/x/x /
The work er hov ers where the jade plant blooms,
X /x/x/ x/x /
Then set ties on a bios som to her taste-,
X / X / x/x/x/
Her furred and black -and-yel low form assumes
x/x/x/x/x /
A cling ing curve by bend ing from the waist.
Yet this scansion is a simpHfication of the passage's
actual speech rhythms. These are more complex. Our
system of scansion can't begin to account for them, nor
was it ever intended to account for them. The scansion
marks are correct and useful: they show us the basic
type of the line, and they accurately record the basic
rise and fall of syllables across the lines. But though the
rise and fall is continuous, it is not really a matter of
minimally and maximally stressed syllables, since
English speech itself is not a matter of minimally and
maximally stressed syllables, but involves instead
syllables that exhibit innumerable degrees and shadings
of stress.
All the feet in the lines above are still iambs, in that
their second syllable is weightier than their first. But
the degree of difference between the syllables in any
given foot, and the way that the larger and more fluid
phrasal units ride through the feet, are more relative
matters. (There are many other aspects of rhythmical
variation within meter, but I haven't space to discuss
them here.)
Experienced poets rarely think of these technical issues
when they are writing. Once they acquire a sense of a
metrical line, and a facility in managing it, they can
recognize quickly as they compose whether or not this
or that cluster of words fits, or can be adjusted to fit,
into the line. And poets with an ear for different kinds
of phrasing develop different rhythms within a line. It is
for this reason that though Shakespeare, Milton,
Wordsworth and Frost all frequently wrote in iambic
pentameter, the knowledgeable reader can hear and
distinguish almost instantly the pentameters of one
poet from those of another.
32 Brandeis Review
I stress this point — the coexistence in good traditional
verse of fixed meter and individual rhythm — because it
is almost completely misunderstood in today's literary
community. This misunderstanding arose partly as a
result of the energetic but misguided critical labors of
Ezra Pound. In his effort to establish free verse as a
replacement or alternative to traditional meter, he
suggested that traditional practice was composition by
"the metronome." That is, he confused metrical
description (scansion) with actual rhythmical effects
and suggested that to write in regular meter was to
write ti-tum-ti-tum-ti-tum-ti-tum-ti-tum. As a corollary
of this, he implied that to achieve fluid rhythm one had
to "break" meter.
In truth, not only have good traditional poets never ti-
tum-ti-tummcd; it would be hard for them to do so even
if they tried. They would have to write in phrasal units
of two syllables, with the stress always on the second
syllable. They would have to write lines like "A pen, a
page, a book, a glass, a cat," or "Serene, composed,
content, confined, confused."
For several generations now, poets have been, in both
the prosodic and colloquial sense, shooting themselves
in the foot. The renewed interest in meter indicates that
some are beginning to question this dubious state of
affairs. Yet the current metrical revival is precarious.
Free verse is still ascendent, and the hostility to
traditional form is stronger than ever. Especially
troubling are the recent charges, by certain advocates of
free verse, that meter is intrinsically "conservative" or
"repressive" or, to use the term of one commentator,
"Reaganite." Aside from the fact that meter is basically
just an instrument for making speech clearer and more
memorable than it would be otherwise, this criticism is
peculiar in that it overlooks the fact that many of the
originators and popularizers of free verse were political
"Examines the ideas and
conditions that led to
modem poetry's break with
metrical convention. It has
been much reviewed and
debated. " (The University of
Arkansas Press, 1990)
reactionaries. Pound and Wyndham Lewis are cases in
point. I wish to stress that I am not suggesting that free
verse is perforce reactionary. By the same token,
however, tarring meter with that particular brush seems
to betray confusion about the nature and function of
artifice, not to mention ignorance of literary history.
Even more alarming are the casual dismissals of meter
that one encounters in places where one might
reasonably expect a more balanced view. For instance,
the entry for "Metre" in The Oxford Companion to
Eui^lish Literature (5th edition, 1985) concludes: "Verse
111 the 20th cent, has largely escaped the straitjacket of
traditional metrics." Faced with so authoritative a
statement, one scarcely knows how to respond.
Certainly, meter challenges the poet. But to
characterize as a "straitjacket" a medium that made
possible the works of Homer, Sappho, Virgil, Li Po,
Firdausi, Dante, Shakespeare and Basho seems terribly
simpleminded. Furthemiore, it reflects a lack of
sensitivity to that dialectic between freedom and
restraint that is the basis of art.
Yet whenever I read statements like the one in the
Companion, I remember something Primo Levi says in
an essay entitled "Rhyming on the Counterattack."
Discussing rhyme and noting how little practiced it is
now, he nevertheless asserts, "Its eclipse today in
Western poetry seems to me inexplicable, and it is
certainly temporary." And he adds immediately
afterwards: "It has too many virtues, it is too beautiful
to disappear."
I believe he is right. While writing this essay, I called
my mother long-distance in Vennont to verify my
memory about her having read "Locksley Hall" to me.
She not only remembered but immediately began to
recite the aviation passage by heart! This experience
was comforting. It was as if Tennyson's verse had
created a bond between us, and between us and the
past. Is there anything other than poetry — poetry in the
sense of its traditional craft — that can bridge such
distances, that can make speech and thought dance, and
that can make all sorts of different words and ideas
chime in one harmonious whole? Is there any other
pursuit that so connects us, at the most fundamental
levels of rhythm and music, with the whole enterprise
of human culture? I think not. And so in ending, I
should like to echo Levi. Meter, rhyme and stanza: they
are too beautiful to disappear. ■
Jf
33 Summer 1992
\
Columbus
by Joaquin t
Behind him lay the gray Azores,
Behind the Gates of Hercules:
Before him not the ghost of shores:
Before him only shoreless seas.
The good mate said: "Now we must pray,
For lol the very stars are gone.
Brave Adm'r'l, speak! What shall I say?"
"Why, say: 'Sail on! sail on! and on!"'
Then pale and worn, he paced his deck.
And peered through darkness. Ah, that night
Of all dark nights! And then a speck —
A light! A light! At last a light!
It grew, a starlit flag unfurled!
It grew to be Time's burst of dawn.
He gained a world: he gave that world
Its grandest lesson: "On! sail on!"
u
Sail On!
The 1492 Quiz
^pme years go down in
Fii^tory as pivotal marl<ers
arpund whiich dozens of
ler events rotate. Such
rdatesas1492, 1517, 1789,
1860, 1939 are
remembered because thiey
'mark the shattering of old
systems and convictions
and the explosion of new
forces bursting into
motion. If you think
changes in our own time
are gallopmg at a frantic
pace, the transformations
surrounding 1492 (givo'or
take 50 years) are^nTnd-
bogglirig. *
^"IS^sat,
The year1492 is Chiefly
associated with
Columbus's discovery of
the new world and the
expulsion of the Jews
from Spain. However, it
designates not only an
important year but also
stands in the midst of an
era. Europe, involved in a
long process of change,
was shedding its medieval
mind and donning the
structures and outlook of
the modern world. The
Renaissance was in full
bloom, and Humanism,
preached by Deslderius
Erasmus (14667-1536),
insisted on the worth of
the Individual; the
Protestant Reformation,
spearheaded by Martin
Luther (1483-1546), was
about to smash the
rettgious unity of the
continent; science,
especially astronomy and
navigation, personified by
figures like Ferdinand
"Magellan (circa 1480-
1521), was crossing a
threshold and offering
humankind a new
understanding of the
universe.
Sail with us on this sea of
questions and see how
many you can answer.
The Brandeis Review
thanks the history, music,
fine arts, English, physics
and Near Eastern and
Judaic Studies
departments and the
Dibner Institute for their
help in compiling this
barge of questions about
1492. Any errors in the
quiz can be attributed
directly to the Brandeis
Review. See page 64 for
answers.
If you get 31-36 correct,
we commission you with
the the rank of adm'r'l. If
you get 26-30 right, you
may wear the golden
braids of captain. If you
answer a mere 1 9-25
correctly, you serve as
first mate. If you answer
only 1-18 correctly, you
have stowed away and
belong on land. People in
the last category should
remain landlubbers and
dig into history books
over the summer!
Jewish refugees from
Spain in 1493 founded
tfie first Hebrew printing
press in the Ottoman
Empire in this city
a Izmir
b Ankara
c Istanbul
d Sated
12
The word Sephardim.
derived from the word
Sepharad. which in
Modern Hebrew means
Spain, originated in
a the Book of Obadiah
b the Latin name for Spain
c the ancient Jewish city of
Sepphoris
d the condiment saffron
The Spanish Inquisition,
independent of the papal
Inquisition, was
established in 1478 by
the Spanish monarchs to
a burn the condemned
b seize the property of the
condemned
c save the souls of the
condemned
d punish converted Jews
and Muslims who were
insincere
During the Spanish
Inquisition, Jews and
Muslims were forced to
confess their heresies
and were tortured. The
grand inquisitor of these
actions was
a Marquis de Marsala
b Alvar Nunez Cabeza de
Vaca
c Diego Rodriguez de
Silva y Velazquez
d Thomas de Torquemada
Jews who were forced to
convert were outcasts
from Spanish society and
at the same time
forbidden to return to
Jewish society. They
were referred to as
a Castanos, "outcasts"
b Marranos, "accursed" or
"pigs"
c Burritos, "little donkeys "
d Albaniles, "workers"
The papal Inquisition was
initially established in
1233 by Pope Gregory IX
to combat the heresy of
a The Albigensians in 13th-
century France
b Wycliffe and the Lollards
in 14th-century England
c Hussites in 15th-century
Bohemia
d Marranos in 15th-century
Spain
Jews expelled from Spain
were immediately
welcomed into
a Poland
b France
c England
d the Ottoman Empire
Of the approximately
20,000 Jews remaining in
Turkey today, the largest
community resides in the
city of
a Istanbul
b Izmir
c Adana
d Ankara
When the Jews of Spain
settled in the Ottoman
Empire, they preserved
the language of their
community by speaking a
Spanish dialect with
Hebrew influences called
a Llama
b Loredo
c Ladino
d Lambada
This Marrano refugee
from Portugal, known as
the Duke of Naxos,
became a close advisor
to the Ottoman sultans
Suleyman the
Magnificent (1520-1566)
andSelim II (1566-1574)
a Joseph Caro
b Joseph Nasi
c Samuel de Medina
d Solomon Ashkenazi
10
Circa 1910, this
international Jewish
organization in the
Ottoman Empire
operated over 1 00
schools in which almost
20,000 students were
enrolled
a B'nai B'rith
b Hilfsverein der Deutchen
Juden
c World Zionist
Organization
d Alliance Israelite
Universelle
11
In the 16th century, large
numbers of Jewish
refugees from Spain and
Portugal settled in this
town, transforming it into
the largest Jewish
community in Palestine,
whose members
constituted about half of
the town's total population
a Safed
b Tiberias
c Hebron
d Jerusalem
13
The term "Sephardi
Jews" correctly refers to
JeriTld^rc]cbYrpama
a all non-Ashkenazic Jews
b Jews of Spanish origin
c Spanish-speaking Jews
d Jews living in the
Mediterranean area
14
The first Sephardic Jews
to settle in the English
colonies arrived in New
Amsterdam after being
rejected by which
country?
a Brazil
b Spain
c Portugal
d Argentina
35 Summer 1992
15
In North America,
Ashkenazim, Jews from
Northern Europe, came a
to outnumber the b
Sephardim by the year c
d
a 1654
b 1740
c 1820
d 1881
16
The Spanish Inquisition a
was officially abolished in
b
a 1621
b 1834 c
c 1789
d 1965 d
17
Which of the following
events in Spanish history
did not take place in
1492?
a defeat of the Islamic
Kingdom of Granada a
b forced conversion and
expulsion of the Moorish
population of Spain
c forced conversion and b
expulsion of the Spanish
Jews
d chartering and departure
of Christopher c
Columbus's first West-
bound voyage into the
Atlantic d
18
When Columbus did not
find as much gold and
spices as he hoped in the
Indies, what island
commodity did he
suggest to Ferdinand and
Isabella could be
harvested and marketed
immediately?
tobacco
black coral
slaves
guano
19
Which pair of Europeans
first killed great numbers
of Andean peoples?
Francisco Pizarro and
Diego de Almagro
Isabella of Castile and
Ferdinand of Aragon
Rubeola and Variola
Minor
Amerigo Vespucci and
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
20
Syphilis, most often
contracted through
sexual contact with an
infected person
originated in America and
was subsequently
brought to the Old World
by Columbus's sailors
is a tropical disease that
was brought to the Old
World in the early 14th
century
was a European disease
that the settlers carried to
the New World
was first discovered in
Ancient Greece
21
The longest English
Arthurian legend, Morte
d'Arthur. was written by
Sir Thomas Malory in the
15th century
a in a ship's hold
b in a London theater
c in a Celtic enchanted
forest
d in prison
22
Henry VII holds all of the
following distinctions
except
a Shakespeare never wrote
a play about him
b he refused to underwrite
Columbus's exploratory
voyage
c one of his daughters-in-
law married both of his
sons
d he had eight wives
23
The Castle of
Perseverance is
a a medieval morality play
b the country seat of the
House of York
c the residence of the
Duchess of Lancaster
with a white rose garden
d slang for the London
brothels
24
The most famous
composer active during
the time of Columbus
was
a Guillaume de Machaut
b Giovanni Pierluigi da
Palestrina
c Josquin des Prez
d Claudio Monteverdi
25
By 1492, composers
wrote music in all of the
following genres except
a Mass
b motet
c trio sonata
d chanson
26
In the 15th century, the
single most important
technological innovation
in music was
a the invention of music
printing
b adoption of the score as
a musical format
c development of the violin
d development of a
polychoral style
27
Which of the following
institutions did not
support performing
ensembles in the 15th
century?
a royal courts
b universities
c towns
d churches and cathedrals
28
Tycho Brahe. the famous
Danish astronomer of the
16th century whose
contributions to science
included studies of the
motion of the moon and
of a supernova, had his
nose cut off during a
duel. Being an
aristocrat— and intensely
conscious of his
appearance— the
noseless Tycho had an
artificial nose made of
which of the following
materials?
a pewter
b gold
c silver
d bronze
29
The invention of printing
with movable type is
traditionally attributed to
Johannes Gutenberg
circa 1450. The printing
trade grew quickly and a
great many manuscript
editions were soon
prepared for the printer's
workshop and turned into
printed publications. How
many copies of printed
books had European
printing presses
produced by 1500?
a 100,000
b 500,000
c 1,000,000
d 8,000,000
30
Who was the most
prominent artist in Rome
in 1492?
36 Brandeis Review
\ 1
a^
^^LJ^ ^1'- ^ - a^:x^
a Raphael
b Botticelli
c Pinturicchio
d Leonardo da Vinci
31
The predominant stylistic
influence on painting
the court of Queen
Isabella of Spain came
from
a France
b Italy
c Flanders
d Germany
32
Art produced in China in
1 492 is referred to as
a Sung
b Ming
c Yuan
d Han
gat ^w'
33
Which great patron of the
arts, who influenced the
work of Sandro Botticelli
and Michelangelo
Buonarroti with his
Neoplatonic philosophy,
died in 1492?
a Pope Sixtus IV
b Ludovico Sforza
c Emperor Maximilian I
d Lorenio de' Medici
34
Has our Western decimal
arithmetical notation
essentially been the
same since Roman
times?
No. It is the legacy of
Islamic culture and was
introduced to the West
during the 12th century.
No. The concept of zero
as an integer and its
symbolization is the
legacy of Islamic culture
and was incorporated into
Wesiern arithmetic
notation in the 15th
century.
Yes. It is a legacy of
Greek mathematics and
was already in use during
Euclid's time.
Yes. It is the legacy of
Greek mathematics as
evidenced by numerical
representations on
Cretan pots.
35
Copernicus's On the
Revolutions of the
Celestial Spheres was
published in 1543. It
presented the heliocentric
view of our planetary
system.
The Copernican
viewpoint was accepted
immediately due to its
superior predictive power
as compared to the
Ptolemaic system.
It required the work of
Kepler and the
astronomical
observations of Galileo at
the beginning of the 1 7th
century for Copernicus's
views to be appreciated
and confronted.
It was Luther's
endorsement and support
that made the
Copernican framework
acceptable.
It wasn't until the work of
William Parsons in the
1800s that Copernicus's
findings were validated.
36
That blood circulates in
our body from the lett
side to the nght side of
the heart was a well-
known fact in the 13th
and 14th centuries and
was taught in the Italian
medical schools.
Yes. This was part of the
Galen's (129-circa 199)
writings.
Yes. It was part of the
Islamic corpus of
medicine and was
transmitted to the
Christian world in the
13th century.
No. This was discovered
as recently as the 1 7th
century by Dutch
scientists.
No. This only became
known as a result of
Realdus Columbus's
(151 5-1 559) anatomical
investigations in Padua.
37 Summer 1992
The Stable
Marriage
Problem
by Harry Mairson
Universities have been tilled in recent
years with heated debate over what
undergraduates ought to be taught, but
no one has ever suggested that it
would be politically correct, or even
appropriate, to lecture about marriage
in a computer science class. Even so,
its not such a crazy idea. The search
for an ideal marriage turns out to be an
appropriate and motivating setting to
discuss many computational issues
that are at the intellectual heart of
computer science, with interesting
connections to the commercial world of
computers, and even to the politics of
medical education.
The world may not be permeated with
political correctness, but it is filled with
personal computers. And word
processors, spelling checkers,
spreadsheets, laser printers— they're
everywhere. The state-of-the-art
prototypes I used in graduate school
have become consumer items.
"Computer literacy" — an expression
without an analogue among users of
automobiles, telephones or toasters-
has come to mean knowing what all
these things are, and how to use them.
If it is part of the university's charge to
teach literacy, is this what I should be
teaching? This essay was written to
convince you otherwise.
The above-mentioned hardware and
software essentials may relieve us from
certain varieties of daily tedium, but
they don't help us do or think anything
new, except in freeing us from some
laborious activity. We could \n principle
type correctly and not misspell words
and balance checkbooks, but why not
have computers manage these
mundane tasks for us? We may know
nothing about hardware, integrated
circuits or microcode, but we all know
in principle how to do these tasks
ourselves, and if we imagine the
computer as some sort of homunculus,
a miniature "man in the machine," we
can easily fantasize how such a myriad
of detail is managed by a computer.
For example, a computer balances a
checkbook the same way that we do,
only it doesn't make mistakes when it's
adding and subtracting.
But this mundane activity, even if
wrapped up in a chip the size of your
thumbnail, is not worth inclusion in a
university curnculum, as a counterpart
to Thackeray, Thucydides or
thermodynamics. What is intellectually
important about the computer is the
"idea" of a computer, the variety of
computational processes that inhabit it
and how these can make us think in
new ways. Solving the problem of
stable marriage is an example of such
new thinking.
Here is the problem of stable marriage:
imagine you are a matchmaker, with
100 female clients and 100 male
clients. Each of the women has given
you a complete list of the hundred men.
ordered by her preference: her first
choice, second choice and so on. Each
of the men has given you a list of the
women, ranked similarly. It is your job
to arrange 100 happy marriages.
It should be immediately apparent that
everyone is not guaranteed to get a
first choice: if a particular man is the
first choice of more than one woman,
only one can be matched with him, and
the other women will have to make do
with less. Rather than guarantee the
purest of happiness to everyone — a
promise that almost surely would
subject you to eventual litigation— your
challenge is to make the marriages
stable. By this, we mean that once the
matchmaker has arranged the
marriages, there should be no man
who says to another woman, "You
know, I love you more than the woman
I was matched with — let's run away
together!" where the woman agrees,
because she loves the man more than
her husband. Likewise, should a
woman propose the same to a man, we
want the man to respond, "Madam, I
am flattered by your attention, but I am
married to someone I love more than
you. so I am not interested." Is it
always possible for a matchmaker to
arrange such a group of marriages,
regardless of the preference lists of the
men and women? If so, how? Were it
not tor computers, no one might have
thought of the solution we will describe.
While finding and keeping a mate is a
good deal more complicated than the
mathematically simple problem stated,
methods for achieving stable marriage
are routinely used when there is a
problem of distributing valued
resources among individuals or
organizations with conflicting
38 Brandeis Review
preferences. One of the most well
known examples is "The Match."
spoken of with fear and reverence by
medical students everywhere in the
United States. When a student finishes
medical school and wants to specialize
in, say. cardiology, she interviews for
cardiology residency programs at
hospitals across the country. After all
the interviews, she makes a list of the
programs she visited, in order of
preference. Each of the medical
programs, after having interviewed
many candidates for the job, makes a
similar preference list of students.
Everyone sends a list to be processed
by a big computer, which matches
students and jobs. Once again, no
medical program or student is
guaranteed a first choice: the matching
is done to achieve stability, so that no
student and hospital can conspire
successfully to outwit the national
medical establishment. Once we
understand how to compute a stable
marriage, we will return to the politics
of residency selection, because there is
very interesting story to be told: an
unusual controversy about resident
assignments that actually spilled over
into the pages of the New England
Journal of Medicine.
A method for computing a particular
value— for example, a stable
marriage — is called an algorithm. The
word comes from the name of a
Persian textbook author, Abu Ja'far
f\/lohammed ibn Musa al-Khowirizmi
(circa 825 A.D.), who wrote Kitab al
Jabr w'al muqabala (Rules of
Restoration and Reduction). Another
familiar word, algebra, derives from the
title of his book. The stable marriage
algohthm we describe, invented by D.
Gale and H.S. Shapely, originally
appeared in the American
l\/lathematlcal Monthly in 1 962 under
the title "College Admissions and the
Stability of Marriage." Rather than
explain the algorithm in Arabic, or even
worse, in a computer language, lets do
so in English.
The matchmaker arranges marriages in
rounds, where in each round, he
instructs certain men to propose
marriage. In the initial round, he tells all
the men to. quite sensibly, go out and
propose marriage to their first-choice
women. Each man then proposes to
the woman he loves most.
Each of the women then receives
either no proposal {if she was not the
first choice of any man), one proposal
(if she was the first choice of exactly
one man) or more than one proposal (if
many men find her to be their first
choice). The matchmaker instructs the
women to respond to the proposals
according to the following rules. If no
one proposed to you, don't worry, says
the matchmaker, I promise someone
will eventually. If exactly one man
proposed to you, accept his proposal of
marriage: the man and woman are then
considered to be engaged. If more than
one man proposed, respond
affirmatively to the one you love most,
and become engaged to him — and
reject the proposals of the rest. Surely
nothing could be more reasonable.
This concludes what we'll call the first
round.
After one round, certain contented men
are engaged, and the other
discontented men are unengaged. In
round two, the matchmaker says to the
unengaged men: Do not despair! Go
out and propose again, to your second
choice. While the engaged men do
nothing, the unengaged men send out
another round of proposals. This time,
the matchmaker says to the women:
Use the same rules as before, with one
important change — if you are currently
engaged, and receive proposals of
marriage from men that you love more
than your fiance, you may reyecf your
current intended and reengage yourself
to the new suitor that you love most.
Thus a man who is happily engaged at
the end of the first round may find
himself suddenly unengaged at the end
of the second round.
After two rounds, once again the men
are divided into the engaged and
unengaged. In the next round, the
matchmaker tells each unengaged man
to propose to the woman he loves
most, among those women to whom he
has not yet proposed. Again, the
matchmaker tells each woman that she
can change her mate, if she instead
prefers one of the new proposers. Each
time a man proposes it is with greater
desperation, since he begins by
proposing to his true love, then his
second choice, third choice and so on.
Each time a woman changes her
fiance, she becomes happier, because
her new intended is someone she
loves more! This continues in round
after round, until finally there is no one
left to propose or be proposed to.
But is this indeed the case? Does this
succession of rounds ever come to an
end? And is everyone engaged at the
end of this romantic variation on
"musical chairs?" And are the arranged
marnages indeed stable? It is not hard
to prove mathematically that the story
does indeed have the happy ending we
suggest.
Does the process ever end? Of course.
If there are 1 00 men and 1 00 women,
each man can only make a hundred
proposals. During each round, some
man proposes, reducing the finite
supply of proposals by at least one. If
the rounds continue long enough, then
the supply of proposals will descend to
zero, and the game has to come to an
end because there is no one left to
propose.
At the end, is everyone engaged?
Notice that at the end of each round
the number of engaged men is equal to
the number of engaged women.
(Computer scientists, like doctors, have
a name for everything, and call this
kind of assertion an "invariant.") Notice
also that once a woman becomes
engaged, she is always engaged,
though not necessarily to the same
man. So suppose that all the rounds
take place, and yet there is some
man— let's call him Bob — and some
woman — named Carol — who are both
unengaged. Is this possible? No. If
Carol is unengaged, no one ever
proposed marriage to her. All the other
men may not have proposed to Carol if
each of them found a woman they
loved more than Carol, but the same
Harry Mairson is assistant
professor of computer
science at Brandeis
University, l-ie received hiis
Pfi.D. at Stanford University
in 1984. Before coming to
Brandeis. fie lield teacfiing
and researcfi positions at
ttie Institut National de
Recfiercfie en Informatique
et Automatique in Paris, ttie
American College in Paris.
Stanford and Oxford. His
current research on
applications of matfiematical
logic to programming
language theory is
supported by grants from the
National Science
Foundation. Texas
Instruments and the Tyson
Foundation. For the
academic year 1991-1 992.
he was a Bernstein Faculty
Fellow and on leave at the
Cambridge Research
Laboratory of Digital
Equipment Corporation. He
reports that he is stably
married and has one son.
cannot be said of Bob, who went
through his whole list — which has to
include Carol somewhere — and
supposedly came up empty-handed.
Clearly he had to propose to Carol at
some time, and Carol thus had\o
accept! Now we know that everyone
gets engaged by the matchmaker.
There is only one thing left to verify:
stability. Again, suppose that Bob and
Carol were engaged by the
matchmaker, as were Ted and Alice. Is
it possible that Bob loves Alice more
than Carol, and Alice loves Bob more
than Ted? (This would be an example
of what we have called an "instability.")
Were this indeed the case. Bob must
have proposed to Alice before he
proposed to Carol, because the
matchmaker made Bob send out
proposals according to Bob's
preference list. What, then, did Alice do
with Bob's proposal? One of two
things: she accepted it, or rejected it.
Let's consider the first case: when Bob
proposed to Alice, she accepted. Then
why isn't she now engaged to Bob?
There is only one possible reason why:
she dumped him to get engaged to
someone she loved more! Since every
time Alice changes fiances, it is to
increase her love in life, she is certainly
now engaged to someone she loves
more than Bob. As a consequence,
even though Bob loves Alice more than
his intended, Carol, Alice could have
no interest in dumping her mate, Ted, to
run off with Bob.
■ia;
Now let's consider the second case:
Alice rejected Bob's proposal. The only
possible reason she rejected Bob's
proposal was her engagement to
someone she loved more than Bob,
Once again, Alice must still be
engaged to someone she loves more
than Bob, namely Ted, so Bob has no
hope of convincing Alice to run off with
him.
While this excursion into the
mathematics of love may seem to have
a perfect symmetry about it, the above
algorithm has a nasty characteristic
that women should object to; it favors
men over women. It is merely a social
custom that men propose marnage to
women — there is certainly no reason
why women cannot propose instead to
men, and the matchmaker could have
arranged his directions so that the
women indeed did so rather than the
men. The following example will show
that whoever does the proposing gets a
better deal.
Suppose that the men and the women
hopelessly disagree about who their
first choice is. For instance, imagine
that Bob's first choice is Carol, and
Ted's first choice is Alice, while Carol's
first choice is Ted. and Alice's first
choice is Bob. (It should then be clear
for each person who their second
choice is.) When the matchmaker
instructs the men to propose, as
described above, in the first round Bob
proposes to Carol, and Ted to Alice.
Since each woman received exactly
one proposal, they accept. Game over:
Bob and Ted get their first choice, while
Carol and Alice get their second
choice.
If the matchmaker exchanged the
directions he gave to the men and
women, and let the women propose
instead, Carol would propose to Ted,
and Alice to Bob. Since Ted and Bob
each get one proposal, they have to
accept. Game over: Carol and Alice get
their first choice, while Bob and Ted get
their second choice.
It now takes no imagination to figure
out why two articles appeared about
"The Match" in the New England
Journal of Medicine some time ago,
addressing inequities in the matching
procedure used to assign graduating
medical school students to internships.
(See "Sounding Boards: The Matching
Program" and "An Analysis of the
Resident Match," A/EJ/W 304:1 9 (1981),
pp. 1163-1166, and further
correspondence in A/EJ/W 305:9 (1981),
pp. 525-526.) The principal anomaly
criticized in these articles was precisely
the first choice-second choice
asymmetry just outlined, that the stable
marriage algorithm is "male optimal."
As described earlier, in "The Match,"
medical students list their preferred
jobs in order of desirability, while
hospital programs do the same, and
everyone feeds their list to a computer
programmed with the stable marriage
algorithm.
40 Brandeis Review
Now when the stable algorithm is run,
is it the hospitals or the students who
get to "play " the role of the men? The
hospitals, of course. The authors of the
/VEJ/W art ides asked that either the
mathematicians and computer
scientists worl<L to find a more equitable
matching algorithm, or that the national
medical establishment let the students
at least occasionally do the proposing.
In the words of the authors of the
second article, "All parties are entitled
to be informed of the bias of the
present algorithm toward [hospital]
programs and of the availability of
workable, although differently biased,
alternatives." While there has been
continued research in this genre of
matching problems, no suitably
unbiased replacement for the stable
marriage algorithm has been found. To
the best of my knowledge, there has
been no wavering on the issue of
alternating students and hospitals as
the proposers.
The mathematics and politics of love
should now be clear, but there are
more lessons to be learned about
computer science by studying this
algorithm. The algorithm and its
description are good examples to
motivate discussion of ideas and
issues in computer science, including
machine intelligence, programming
language design and distributed
network design. Let's begin with
machine intelligence, and the obvious
point that the matchmaker doesn't
need to know anything about men,
women or love to do his job.
The stable marriage algohthm was
described in terms of a matchmaker
instructing a group of men and women
to act according to a certain set of
rules, like a playwright instructing
actors in a piece of theatre. But the
matchmaker doesn't need the actual
peop/e to compute the matching; he
could have figured out the stable
matching just by looking at the
preference lists. Given that there are
100 men and 100 women, the names
of preferences are equally irrelevant:
each preference list might as well be a
list of the numbers from 1 to 1 00 in
some order. When a computer program
for the stable marriage problem is
executed, it manipulates the preference
lists precisely as lists of numbers. In
fact, when such a computer program is
executed, the matchmaker becomes
merely another player on the stage —
were you to be hired as a matchmaker,
you too would be following, like an
actor, the "script" laid out above. Stated
otherwise, the computer is a "general
purpose" device capable of carrying out
any precise set of instructions,
A programming language is a precise
formalism used to specify computing
methods, for example the stable
marriage algorithm. A good computer
language is one that is easy for people
to understand, so that programs can be
written that the computer can execute
and people can comprehend. When a
computer program has expressions in it
that refer to men, women, proposals
and so on, such references mean
something to us that is altogether
irrelevant to the running of the
program. A computer learns nothing
about love by running the stable
marriage algorithm! (In a similar vein,
there is an old joke about a man who
wonders how the astronomers ever
discovered what the names of the
planets were. Clearly the names are
useful for astronomers, though the
planets themselves are quite
indifferent.)
Philosophers have used these kinds of
observations to critique the field of
artificial intelligence, by arguing that a
computer (the "brain") cannot become
what we call "intelligent" by virtue of
merely running a computer program.
The power of the "idea" of the
computer is as an ideal medium for
"simulation," not to be confused with
the "real thing." This point was
expressed beautifully by philosopher
John Searle, in a book called Minds.
Brains, and Science:
We can do computer simulation of rain
storms in tlie home countries, or
waretiouse fires in East London. Now.
in eacfi of tliese cases, nobody
supposes ttiat ttie computer simulation
s actually the real thing; no one
supposes that a computer simulation of
a storm will leave us all wet, or a
computer simulation of a fire is likely to
burn the house down. Why on earth
would anyone in his right mind suppose
a computer simulation of mental
processes actually had mental
processes? I don't really know the
answer to that, since the idea seems to
me, to put it frankly, quite crazy from
the start.
r\/lany computer scientists who do
research in artificial intelligence have
been sorely provoked by this argument.
The storm of disagreement over this
question is as much philosophy as it is
science.
Our description of the stable marhage
algorithm teaches something about
programming language design. When
such languages are invented, they
should make it easy to say what we
want in the way we want to say it. Even
though the informal deschption of the
algorithm as an orchestrated mating
game may not look like a computer
program, it is in fact a good example of
a style called "object oriented
programming." The "objects" in this
case are the men and women, each of
whom has at any moment a "state" (his
or her current engagement and
proposal status), and the ability to
communicate by sending messages to
other objects. When we start, say, the
program for object Bob, it causes him
to start the program for object Carol,
where the input to the Carol program is
"Bob is proposing marriage." The Carol
program may then return a value to the
Bob program like "proposal accepted,"
so that the Bob and Carol objects must
modify their internal states to note they
are engaged, and so on. The
matchmaker is in turn simulated as a
"master program," which calls the
programs representing men and
women objects by sending messages
to them.
Object oriented programming is an idea
that is still in its infancy. Researchers
have not yet decided whether it is more
than a buzzword, a sound bite with no
beef. It is nonetheless interesting that
the expression "object oriented" has
been found in psychoanalytic literature,
which only begs the issues of machine
intelligence mentioned earlier. In fact,
the jargon is psychoanalese for "person
oriented." since psychoanalysts like to
refer to the patient as the "subject," and
the people in the patient's environment
as the "objects," Coincidentally, "people
oriented" programming is very much
what advocates of object oriented
programming have in mind — however,
the "people " being referred to are the
programmers and those who read their
programs, since it is believed that the
object ohented programming style
facilitates the design and modification
of software.
41 Summer 1992
If we can encapsulate each man and
woman as a computer program, why
not go one step further and represent
each of them as a separate computer?
Imagine standing at an automatic teller
where not only can you deposit checks
and withdraw cash, but propose
marriage to another of the bank's
clients standing at another such
machine. Computer networks are
nothing but a distnbuted computing
facility, where computers are scattered
everywhere (like automatic teller
machines), and linked together by a
communications network that permits
the computers to send messages to
each other. The object oriented
programming style is a leading
candidate for programming big
computer networks, because it divides
up the problem to be solved (for
instance, stable marriage or monetary
transactions) in a way that can be
easily implemented on the network. For
example, the matchmaker computer
could broadcast a message on the
network to all unengaged men to
propose; then the men would send
proposal messages to particular
women, and so on.
There are a host of problems to be
solved when trying to implement this
"network" realization of the stable
marriage problem. How are the
computers connected in the network?
How many pathways are there to send
messages? How are messages routed
through the network? (One expects
that the phone company has solved at
least a few of these problems.) How
does the matchmaker orchestrate the
actions of the men and women, so
some men do not start round two, for
instance, while others are still
completing round one?
The last issue, which computer
scientists refer to as "protocol
synchronization," has been a thorny
problem in romantic encounters long
before there were any computers. Here
is a typical example of such confusion,
taken from The Golden Gate by Vikram
Seth, a novel in verse set in the
computer-literate world of California's
Silicon Valley in the 1980s:
...John orders
A croissant and espresso; she
a sponge cake and a cup of tea.
They sit, but do not breach the borders
Of discourse till, at the same time.
They each break silence with,
"Well, I'm—"
Both stop, confused.
Both start together:
"I'm sorry—" Each again stops dead.
They laugh. "It hardly matters whether
You speak or I, " says John: "I said.
Or meant to say—
I'm glad we're meeting. "
Liz quietly smiles, without completing
What she began. "Not fair, " says John.
"Come clean. What was it now?
Come on:
One confidence deserves another. "
"No need, " says Liz.
"You've said what I
Would have admitted in reply. "
Even as Liz and John move out of
focus into an amorous mist, it should
be realized that above and beyond
mere social awkwardness, many of
these problems of "who goes first" can
be mathematically or practically
difficult. There are spectacular stories
of failure in computer systems where
such problems were not correctly
solved. For example, in one of the early
space shuttles, there were three
identical computers in the shuttle,
linked in a network to protect against
failure. Every time a computation was
needed, all three computers would
compute the answer, and then would
"vote" using the network. If one of the
computers was faulty and produced a
wrong answer, the hope was the other
two computers would get the right
answer and "outvote" the faulty one.
However, the protocol for how the
computers were to communicate via
the network was designed improperly,
so that each computer was thinking
something like, "I will wait for the other
two computers to vote before I vote,"
not unlike Liz and John's unease as to
who should speak first. While these two
eventually broke the ice, aboard the
space shuttle the result was deadlock:
no computer would commit to voting,
and the shuttle could not take off.
I hope that the case has been made
clear that the worlds of love and
marriage on one hand, and computer
science on the other, are not as
divorced as one might think. Just as
human action provides idioms for
feelings and emotions — think of such
ordinary expressions as "stay in touch,"
or even a simple word like "feeling"—
human interaction provides powerful
metaphors for understanding
computation and motivating
computational idioms. In some rare
instances, even the opposite can take
place: I bear a certain literary
responsibility for having taught Vikram
Seth, the author of the Californian love
story quoted earlier, when we were
graduate students together. One day, I
happened to mention the appalling
computer slogan, "garbage in, garbage
out" — in other words, if you have
meaningless data, it does no good to
further process the data. This phrase
was immortalized in an earlier couplet
from Seth's delightful book: when
John's old girlfriend puts a personal ad
for him in a local paper, he castigates
her with:
'Your crazy ad — " she hears him shout,
"Was garbage in and garbage out!"
This article began by discussing a
problem about marriage, which
motivated a whirlwind tour of algorithm
design, applied combinatorics (the
mathematics involved in the
matchmaking program), program
verification, artificial intelligence,
programming language design,
distributed computer systems and
poetry. These subjects (save the last)
are a central part of the computer
science curriculum, and they are
important topics because the concept
of a computer, as well as its modern-
day realization, has made people think
differently about how ideas should be
organized and developed.
Nonetheless, what was once said of
philosophy is an even more appropriate
comment about computer science: to
paraphrase, even when all the
computational and algorithmic
difficulties of marriage have been
solved, the real and profound questions
about this most complex form of human
relationship remain, and likely will
remain, unaddressed and unresolved.
Of these larger and more important
questions, which in part give life its
mystery and its interest, computer
scientists remain decidedly silent. ■
42 Brandeis Review
Bookshelf
Jack S. Goldstein
professor of astrophysics
A Different Sort of Time: The
Life of Jerrold R. Zacharias
Scientist, Engineer. Educator
The MIT Press
Zacharias lived at a time
when an individual with
imagination and courage
could make a difference,
whether at the forefront of
science or in matters of
public policy. He believed
that every citizen, even those
with modest scientific
sophistication and
knowledge, could learn to
think like a scientist. The
author describes Zacharias's
coming of scientific age in
the early 1930s, as a member
of I.I. Rabi's group at
Columbia, and examines the
leading role he played durmg
World War at MIT's
Radiation Laboratory and at
the Manhattan Project. He
not only played an essential
part in experiments
important to the
development of quantum
mechanics, but also became
an advisor to the government
during much of the Cold War
period. From about 1955 on,
Zacharias made significant
contributions to science
education in physics,
chemistry, biology and
mathematics at the primary,
secondary and college levels.
As a result of his initiatives,
science and mathematics
curriculum development
flourished in a number of
third-world countries.
Avigdor Levy
associate professor of Near
Eastem and ludaic Studies
The Sephardim in the
Ottoman Empire
The Darwin Press, Inc.
This book deals with a httie-
known chapter in Jewish
history and Ottoman and
Middle Eastem social
history. Although much has
been written about the
"golden age" of Iberian Jews,
the Sephardim, relatively
little has been published
about their largest diaspora,
which came after their
expulsion from Spain in
1492. The Sephardim in the
Ottoman Empire describes
how the Sephardim came to
settle in the Ottoman
Empire, how they developed
and organized their
communities, what their
economic and cultural
activities were and what role
they played in the lands of
the Ottoman Empire.
Shulamit Reinharz
professor of sociology and
director, Women's Studies
Program, with Lynn
Davidman, Ph.D. '86.
Feminist Methods in Social
Research
Oxford University Press
Examining the full range of
feminist research methods,
Reinharz explores the
relationship between
feminism and methodology,
challenges existing
stereotypes and explains the
19th- and early 20th-century
origins of current
controversies. Concluding
that there is no "politically
correct" feminist method,
but rather a variety of
perspectives, the author
argues that this diversity has
been integral to the
accomplishments ot
international,
interdisciplinary feminist
scholarship. Feminist
Methods in Social Research
offers a chapter-by-chapter
analysis of research methods,
a separate chapter of
"feminist originals"
methods, a concluding
chapter integrating ongoing
debate and major points of
view and a bibhography.
Bernard Wasserstein
professor of history
Herbert Samuel: A Political
Life
Oxford University Press
In this biography,
Wasserstein adds to our
understanding of Herbert
Samuel's importance in
British politics and in the
emergence of the state of
Israel, using some newly
released primary source
material as well as putting a
new perspective on earlier
sources. Samuel's political
life coincided with the
sunset of Liberalism as a
dominant political force in
Britain. At the turn of the
century, Samuel assisted in
the formulation of the "New
Liberalism, "and later helped
translate that doctrine into
legislation that laid the
foundations of the welfare
state. He played a role in the
history of Zionism, serving
as first British high
commissioner in Palestine
from 1920 to 1925. He
returned to office in the
National Govemment of
1931, and led the Liberal
Party between 1931 and
1935. In later life, Samuel
served a public audience as a
philosopher, an elder
statesman and a broadcaster.
Stephen Bertman, M.A.
'60
Bertman is professor of
classical and modem
languages, literatures and
civihzations at Canada's
University of Windsor.
Doorways through Time:
The Romance of
Archaeology
Jeremy P. Tarcher, Inc.
Traveling from the tombs of
Egypt to the battlements of
Troy, from the Great Wall of
China to the windswept
chffs of Easter Island, the
reader of this book takes a
journey spanning thousands
of years with such travehng
companions as Helen of
Troy, Pocahontas, King Tut
and King Arthur, as well as
those who are less well-
known: a mummy who was
once a lovely young Egyptian
woman, the brave freedom-
fighters who died at Masada
in a last stand against Rome
and the Tollund man, whose
body was preserved for
centuries by the acids in a
Denmark bog. In 26 chapters,
the author recreates
archaeological discoveries,
both recent and classic, and
explores the challenges of
reconstructing lives from the
fragile remains of the past.
Richard Godbeer, Ph.D.
•89
Godbeer is associate
professor of history at the
University of California,
Riverside.
The Devil's Dominion:
Magic and Religion in Early
New England
Cambridge University Press
The Devil's Dominion
examines the use of folk
magic by ordinary men and
women in early New
43 Summer 1992
The
Devil's
Domleion
England, despite clerical
opposition to such practices.
It shows that layfolk were
less consistent in their
beliefs and actions than their
ministers would have liked,
and that there were affinities
between Puritanism and
magic that enabled church
members to switch from one
to the other without any
sense of wrongdoing.
Godbeer argues that the
controversy surrounding
astrology m early New
England paralleled clerical
condemnation of magical
practice, and that the
different perspectives on
witchcraft engendered by
magical tradition and Puritan
doctrine often caused
confusion and disagreement
when New Englanders
sought legal punishment of
witches.
Samuel Heilman '68
Heilman is professor of
sociology at Queens College
of the City University of
New York.
Defenders of the Faith:
Inside Ultra-Orthodox fewiy
Schocken Books
Ultra-orthodox Jews (or
haredim, as they are called
today) seem to be the
embodiment of the
traditional Jewish past.
Those who stumble upon
their neighborhoods find
men in caftans and black fur-
trimmed hats and women in
kerchiefs and wigs,
reminders of the lost world
of their European
grandparents. But this
picturesque group is not a
relic of the past, rather it is a
part of the contemporary
landscape and plays an
increasingly prominent role
in the Jewish world and in
Israeli politics. In this study
Magic and Religion in
Early New England
of the haredun m Israel
today, Heilman reveals that
this fundamentalist group is
very much aware of and
responsive to modernity;
they have consciously
rejected it by deliberately
fashioning a complete
counterculture to withstand
and oppose the onslaughts of
modem secular society.
Defenders of the Faith takes
us inside the world of this
contemporary
fundamentalist community.
David I. Kertzer, Ph.D. '74
and Richard P. Sailer, eds.
Kertzer is William R. Kenan,
Jr., Professor of Anthropology
at Bowdoin College.
The Family in Italy from
Antiquity to the Present
Yale University Press
How have family relations
been regulated through the
ages by state institutions and
laws? What impact did the
advent of Christianity have
on marriage? Were parents in
the past less emotionally
attached to their children?
What changes have taken
place in legal attitudes and
practices toward adultery and
"homicides of honor?" How
has the position of women in
the household evolved over
the millenia? The Family in
Italy from Antiquity to the
Present offers historical and
anthropological perspectives
on the Western family,
focusing on family life in
Italy from the Roman Empire
to the present. Using
methods that range from
symbolic to quantitative
analysis, the authors discuss
Tne Family
in Italy
m
a variety of topics including
matchmaking, marriage,
divorce, inheritance, patterns
of household organization,
childrearing practices,
cultural and legal meanings
of death, sexual mores,
celibacy, adoption and
property rights.
Linda Pastan, M.A. '58
The poet laureate of
Maryland, Pastan is on the
staff of the Bread Loaf
Writers' Conference.
Heroes in Disguise
W.W. Norton & Company
These poems range in subject
matter from the ambivalence
of family life to the vagaries
of the weather, from the
difficulties of aging to the
pleasures of art and history.
The author paints word
pictures in her poems. In
"The Myth of Perfectibility,"
Pastan speaks of moving a
still life or a chair or a vase
from place to place "until I
feel like a happy Sisyphus"
and in "The Bookstall," she
equates books with "freshly
baked loaves waiting on their
shelves to be broken open."
One reviewer has written of
Ms. Pastan: "In her work
there is a return to the role of
the poet as it served the
human race for centuries: to
fuel our thinking, show us
our world in new ways, and
to get us to feel more
intensely."
Paula Rabinowitz '74
Rabinowitz is assistant
professor of English at the
University of Minnesota.
Labor and Desire: Women 's
Revolutionary Fiction in
Depression America
The University of North
Carolina Press
/>*
^SfflkP
%i
^^^n
fh
^fii
$.fi
^^p
^,
:h:h:i\C::.::
DESmE
PAULA
RABINOWITZ
This critical, historical and
theoretical study looks at a
little-known group of novels
written during the 1930s by
women who were literary
radicals. The author argues
that class consciousness was
figured through metaphors of
gender and she challenges
the conventional wisdom
that feminism as a discourse
disappeared during the
decade. She focuses on the
ways in which sexuality and
maternity reconstruct the
"classic" proletarian novel to
speak about both the
working-class woman and
the radical female
intellectual. Rabinowitz uses
two well-known novels to
bracket this study: Agnes
Smedley's Daughters of
Earth {\919] und Mary
McCarthy's The Company
5/76 Keeps (1942), although
she surveys more than 40
novels of this period.
Discussing these novels in
the contexts of literary
radicalism and of women's
literary tradition, she reads
them as both cultural history
and cultural theory. Through
a consideration of the novels
as a genre, Rabinowitz is able
to theorize about the
interrelationship of class and
gender in American culture.
Correction: In the spring
issue of the Brandeis Review,
Sylvia Barack Fishman's title
was incorrectly noted. She is
senior research associate and
assistant director, Maurice
and Marilyn Cohen Center
for Modem Jewish Studies.
Brandeis Review
Faculty Notes
James R. Bensinger
professor of physics, traveled
to Seoul as a member of a
Department of Energy
delegation to the Korean/
American Working Group to
discuss Korean participation
in the Superconducting
Super Collider Laboratory.
James J. Callahan, Jr.
lecturer and human services
research professor and
director, Supportive Services
Program for Older Persons,
The Heller School, was
awarded the first SI 0,000
Maxwell A. Pollack Award
for Excellence from the
Gerontological Society of
America.
Mary Campbell
assistant professor of English,
deUvered an invited lecture,
"The Palpabihty of
Purgatorio" at the Medieval
Literature and Culture
Seminar at Harvard
University, then expanded
this lecture for the keynote
address for Discovery in the
Arts and Sciences, an
interdisciplinary conference
hosted by the Medieval Club
of New York at CUNY
Graduate Center. She also
was invited to present "New
World Voyage Literature of
the Renaissance: Thevet,
Hariot and Ethnographic
Pleasure" to the Early
Modem Cultural Crossings
seminar at the Center for
Literary and Cultural
Studies, Harvard University,
and at the annual Essex
Symposium on Literature,
Politics and Theory at the
University of Essex, United
Kingdom.
Donald L.D. Caspar
professor of physics and
Rosenstiel Basic Medical
Sciences Research Center,
was awarded the Fankuchen
Memorial Award by the
American Crystallographic
Association. This triennial
award is made to effective
teachers of crystallography.
His work was also honored
by a cover article in Nature:
International Weekly
Journal of Science.
Eric Chasalow
assistant professor of
composition, had his
composition, "Over the
Edge," for flute and tape
performed at the Mannes
School Contemporai7 Music
Festival, New York; at the
Rose Art Museum as part of
the Brandeis Festival of the
ArtS; and at the Society of
Composers convention,
Bates College. Also, his
composition, "Groundwork,"
for piano, was performed by
the Guild of Composers,
New York.
Peter Conrad
professor of sociology,
presented a paper, "New
Directions in Medical
Sociology," at the meeting of
the American Sociological
Association. He has
published "Medicalization
and Social Control" in the
Annual Review of Sociology.
Sandra Dackow
artist-in-residence in music,
conductor of the Brandeis
University Symphony
Orchestra, conducted a
performance of the
Ridgewood, New Jersey,
Symphony Orchestra at
Avery Fisher Hall, Lincoln
Center, New York.
Olga M. Davidson
lecturer in university studies,
contributed an article, "The
Haft Khwan Tradition as an
Intertextual Phenomenon in
Ferdowsi's Shahnama," to
the Papers in Honor of
Richard N. Frye, Bulletin of
the Asia Institute.
Stanley Deser
Enid and Nathan S. Ancell
Professor of Physics,
delivered the Joint Israeh
Theoretical Physics Seminar
as well as the Weizmann
Institute Colloquium in
Israel, and the I'hysics
Colloquium at the
University of Southern
California. He is a member of
the Scientific Organizing
Committee and was invited
speaker at the European
Conference, Journees
Rclativistes, in Amsterdam
and at Imperial College,
London.
Gerald D. Fasman
Louis and Bessie Rosenficld
Professor of Biochemistry,
delivered a lecture, "Convex
Constraint Analysis: A
Natural Deconvolution of
Circular Dichroism Spectra
of Proteins," at the 1 7th
Annual Conference on
Protein Structure and
Function sponsored by the
Australian Biochemical
Society at Lome, Australia.
Margot Fassler
associate professor of music,
published two articles: "The
Disappearance of the Proper
Tropes and the Rise of the
Late Sequence: New
Evidence from Chartres" in
Cantus Planus, a report of
the proceedings of the Chant
Study Group of the
International Musicological
Society; and "Danielis ludus
and the Feast of Fools:
Popular Tradition in a
Thirteenth-Century
Cathedral Play" in Plainsong
in the Age of Polyphony.
Gordon A. Fellman
associate professor of
sociology and chair. Peace
Studies Program, delivered a
paper on "Power and
Paradigm Shift: The End of
the Cold War, the
Continuing Environmental
Crisis, and the 'Adversary
Compulsion,'" at the annual
meeting of the Peace Studies
Association, Boulder.
Ruth Gollan
adjunct associate professor
of Near Eastern and Judaic
Studies and director,
Hebrew and Oriental
Language Programs, and
Vardit Ringvald lecturer in
Hebrew, conducted a
workshop on Proficiency-
Oriented Instruction and
Testing Based on the Hebrew
Proficiency Guidelines at the
Hebrew Day School
Conference, Hebrew College,
Brookline, sponsored by the
Greater Boston Bureau of
Jewish Education.
Jane Hale
associate professor of French
and comparative literature,
delivered lectures on "The
Lyric Encyclopedia of
Raymond Queneau" at a
Vian-Queneau-Prevert
Colloquium, University of
Victoria, British Columbia,
and "Framing the
Unframable: Samuel Beckett
and Francis Bacon" at the
International Beckett
Symposium in The Hague.
Martin Halpern
Samuel and Sylvia Schulman
Professor of Theater Arts,
had his one-act play. Opus
One-Eleven, produced at the
Nat Home Theater, New
York.
Judith Herzfeld
professor of biophysical
chemistry, delivered invited
lectures on her solid-state
nuclear magnetic resonance
studies of the light-driven
proton pump
bacteriorhodopsin at the Max
Planck Institutes in Munich
and Dortmimd, the
University of Pittsburgh,
Wayne State Medical School
and the University of
Massachusetts; and on her
statistical mechanical
studies of long-range order in
crowded self-assembling
systems at the Atomic and
Molecular Physics Institute,
Amsterdam, Case Western
Reserve University, Drexel
University and Boston
University. She also
participated m the Sigma Xi
Fomm on Global Change and
the Human Prospect as
rapporteur on population
growth.
Ann O. Koloski-Ostrow
adjunct assistant professor of
classical studies, has been
awarded a fellowship from
the Marion and Jasper
45 Summer 1992
whiting Foundation to do
research and photography at
various archaeological sites
in Italy for a book on Roman
taste and social customs.
Marty Wyngaarden
Krauss
associate professor and
director, Starr Center for
Mental Retardation, The
Heller School, was named a
fellow of the American
Association on Mental
Retardation for her
contributions to research on
services for persons with
mental retardation.
Mary Lowry
artist-in-residence in voice,
was voice/text coach for
Hamlet, which opened on
Broadway and coached the
acting company at the
Permsylvania Renaissance
Faire. As an actress, she
performed in The Cocktail
Hour at The New Repertory
Theatre, Boston, and was
invited to join the Roy Hart
Theatre Company in France
to research the voice and to
participate, as a member of
an international acting
company, in a new working
of The Oresteia Trilogy by
Aeschylus.
Lydian String Quartet
artists-in-residence, was
awarded a $12,000 grant
from the 1991 Meet the
Composer/Rockefeller
Foundation/ AT&.T Jazz
Program to commission a
new work from composer
Marty Ehrlich. As part of the
grant, Ehrlich will be
composer-in-residence at the
Brandeis Summer Music
Festival with the Lydian
String Quartet in June 1993.
James Mandrell
assistant professor of Spanish
and comparative literature,
delivered two lectures,
"Almodovar, Latent
Heterosexuality, and
Labyrinth of Passions" in a
special session on Pedro
Almodovar, and "Peninsular
Literary Studies; Business as
Usual" in a special session
Brandeis Review
on Contemporary Hispanism
and the Impact of Literary
Theory, at the annual
convention of the Modem
Language Association, San
Francisco. He also was
elected to a five-year term on
the Executive Committee of
the Division on 1 8th- and
19th-century Spanish
Literature of the Modem
Language Association and
was invited to deliver a paper
entitled "Of Material Girls
and Celestial Women, or,
Honor and Exchange in La
Estrella de Sevilla" at an
international symposium on
La Estrella de Sevilla,
Pennsylvania State
University.
Robert L. Marshall
Louis, Frances and Jeffrey
Sachar Professor of Music,
was featured speaker at the
Colloquium in
Psychoanalysis and Music at
the Mount Sinai School of
Medicine, New York. His
lecture was entitled "Styles
of Musical Genius: An
Inquiry into the
Psychodynamics of J.S. Bach
and W.A. Mozart." Marshall
also presented the lecture at
the Mozart's Music: Text
and Context conference,
sponsored by the UCLA
Center for 17th- and 18th-
century Studies.
Charles B. McClendon
associate professor of fine
arts, lectured on "The
Origins of Anglo-Saxon
Architecture" at the
Department of History of Art
and Architecture, Brown
University.
Robert B. Meyer
professor of physics and
National Center for Complex
Systems, was invited to
speak on the recent results of
his research on the dynamics
of liquid crystals in rotating
magnetic fields at the
International Conference on
Liquid Crystals, Pisa. He also
delivered a lecture at the
College de France, Paris, and
spent a week at the
University of Utrecht
initiating a new
collaboration with the
colloid research group in a
project funded by the
National Science
Foundation.
Phyllis H. Mutschler
lecturer and senior research
associate. The Heller School,
was named a Brookdale
National Fellow and received
a 1992 Brookdale National
Fellowship Award in support
of her research. The
Fellowship Program is
designed to provide young
investigators with research
opportunities in geriatrics
and gerontology and to foster
their growth as leaders in the
field of aging.
Benjamin C.I. Ravid
Jennie and Mayer Weisman
Professor of Jewish History,
delivered a lecture on "The
Sephardim: From 'Golden
Age' to Inquisition" at a
symposium on The World of
the Sephardim, Brandeis
University, and contributed
an article on "Les sefarades a
Venise" to Les ]uifs
d'Espagne: histoire d'une
diaspora. 1492-1992. He also
was appointed to the
Advisory Committee of the
Intemniversity Fellowship
Program in Jewish Studies.
Shulamit Reinharz
professor of sociology and
director. Women's Studies
Program, was keynote
speaker at the Institute for
Urban Health Policy,
Research and Education,
Department of Health and
Hospitals, Boston, at their
symposium. Qualitative
Methods in Medical and
Public Health Research. She
spoke on "Overview of
Qualitative Research
Methods." She also was the
guest speaker at the
University Women's
Commission Annual Award
Reception at the University
of Toledo, Ohio, and spoke
on "Transforming the
Curriculum."
Bernard Reisman
professor of American Jewish
communal studies and
director, Homstein Program,
was invited to deliver the
Solomon and Rose Becker
annual lecture on "The
Sociology of Contemporary
Jewry" at Hebrew University
during his three-month
sabbatical in Israel. He also
lectured at Beit Berl College,-
consulted with staff from the
Jewish Agency for Israel, the
Joint Distribution
Committee, Melitz and the
Jewish Community Centers
Association; and launched a
research project studying the
factors that contribute to the
effectiveness of Jewish
educational trips to Israel by
adults from North America.
He also lectured and
consulted with leaders of
Jewish communities in
Argentina and South Africa.
David H. Roberts
professor of astrophysics, was
appointed William R. Kenan,
Jr. Professor of Physics.
Nicholas Rodis
professor of physical
education, attended a
meeting of the Sports
Regulations Committee of
the Intemational University
Committee of the
Intemational Sports
Federation in Bmssels. The
Committee discussed mles
and regulations for the World
University Games and World
University Championship,
including the rules and
regulations for the World
University Games to be held
in Buffalo, 1993.
Jonathan D. Sarna
Joseph H. and Belle R. Braim
Professor of American Jewish
History, wrote the chapter,
"The American Jewish
Experience," in the new
Schocken Guide to Jewish
Books. He also coedited
Yehude Artsot H-Berit, a
Hebrew reader in American
Jewish history.
Howard J. Schnitzer
Edward and Gertrude Swartz
Professor of Tfieoretical
Physics, delivered two talks,
"Topological Landau-
Ginzburg Matter" and
"Fusion Rings," at the
Depanment of Physics,
University of Miami.
John E. Schrecker
associate professor of history,
delivered an invited paper on
"Sino-Westem Interactions
from the Viewpoint of
Confucian Historiography"
at an international
symposium on Chinese
culture, Hangzhou, China.
James H. Schuiz
Ida and Meyer Kirstein
Professor for Planning and
Administration of Aging
Policy, The Heller School,
was invited to organize a
conference on The Role of
Social Insurance in
Developing Countries at the
International Social Security
Association's General
Assembly and to keynote the
conference. He also
published the fifth edition of
his book, The Economics of
Aging.
Susan L. Shevitz
adjunct assistant professor of
Jewish education, Homstein
Program, was appointed
cochair of the board of
contributing editors for
Agenda: Jewish Education, a
new journal concerned with
current policy and program
issues. Her What We Have
Learned: An Evaluation of
the Projects of the
Supplemental School Task
Force (1987-1992) was
published by the Boston
Bureau of Jewish Education.
She has been invited to serve
as a faculty member of the
Whizen Institute in Family
Education, University of
Judaism, and has been
elected to the board of the
Jewish Educational Services
of North America.
Neil Simister
assistant professor of
molecular immunology and
Rosenstiel Basic Medical
Sciences Research Center,
presented a seminar on
Class I MHC-Related Fc
Receptors of Rat and Mouse
as the invited speaker in the
Mucosal Immunology
Semmar Series at
Massachusetts General
Hospital.
Deborah Stone
David R. Pokross Professor of
Law and Social Policy, The
Heller School, was lead
witness in a hearing before
the Subcommittee on Social
Security of the United States
House of Representatives
Ways and Means
Committee, on the topic of
reform of Social Security
disability insurance. She is a
member of the Task Force on
Insurance of the Ethical,
Legal and Social Issues
Committee of the Human
Genome Project. She also
presented a paper on
"Epidemiological Risk
Factors as Selection Criteria
in Public and Private Social
Programs" at a conference on
Social Hygiene and Public
Health, Hamburg,
cosponsored by the
University of Hamburg and
the Association for the Study
of Health and Social Policy
Under the National
Socialists.
Ibrahim K. Sundiata
chair and professor of African
and Afro- American studies,
received the 1992 Choice
Outstanding Academic Book
Award for his work.
Equatorial Guinea:
Colonialism. State Terror,
and the Search for Stability.
Choice is the journal of the
Association of College and
Research Libraries.
Yehudi Wyner
Walter W. Naumberg
Professor of Composition at
Brandeis, was composer-in-
residence, American
Academy in Rome, spring
1991. He composed
"Trapunto Junction," for
brass and percussion,
commissioned and
performed by the Boston
Symphony Chamber Players
at Jordan Hall. He also
composed "Amadeus'
Billiard" for the Bravo!
Colorado Music Festival;
"Changing Time" for the
DaCapo Chamber Ensemble,-
"II Cane Minore" for two
clarinets and bassoon for No
Dogs Allowed; and received a
Koussevitzky Foundation
commission for a
composition for the Atlantic
Sinfcnietta. His composition,
"Friday Evening Service,"
was conducted by Susan
Davenny Wyner and sung by
the Brandeis University
Chorus.
Harry Zohn
professor of German, chaired
two sessions at the German-
American Dialogue on
Literary Translation, Goethe
House, New York. In
connection with his
participation in the
Intemational Stefan Zweig
Conference, he was
interviewed by Radio
Salzburg, the
Deutschlandsender Berlin
and the Austrian shortwave
station. He is editor of Aus
dem Tagebuch eines
Emigranten und anderes
Oesterreichisches aus
Amerika by Alfred Farau.
Irving K. Zola
Mortimer Gryzmish
Professor of Human
Relations, was elected
president of the Eastern
Sociological Society.
Brandeisiana
From time to time, the
Brandeis Review mentions
information about our
namesake. Supreme Court
Justice Louis D. Brandeis. as
it comes to our attention.
In the recently published
book History of fews in
America, by Howard M.
Sachar, the author devotes
approximately 44 pages to
the activities of Louis D.
Brandeis.
The Brandeis Society of the
University of Louisville
School of Law, an honor
society dedicated to
promoting and recognizing
excellence in the legal
profession, presented its
atmual award, the Brandeis
Medal, to Supreme Court
Justice Sandra Day
O'Connor. Justice Brandeis
began donating his personal
papers and writings to the
law school in 1936, and
major portions of those
writings are housed in its law
library.
The American Jewish
Historical Society of Greater
Washington is presenting an
exhibition entitled "Louis D.
Brandeis, American Zionist,"
in celebration of its
centennial. Serving as
curator is Melvin I. Urofsky,
professor of history at
Virginia Commonwealth
University, and a noted
expert on Justice Brandeis.
The exhibition opened on
May 10 and is expected to
run until 1993.
47 Summer 1992
Alumni
The Anguish of
Children
How do young children deal
with the violence they see
around them? Not very well,
according to a recently
released study in Boston.
One out of every 10
preschool children in a
survey at Boston City
Hospital's pediatric chtiic
had witnessed a shooting or
stabbing before the age of six,
researchers reported last
May. The results of the
survey are significant
because relatively little is
known about the affects of
violence on preschool
children. The study may
offer a clue about difficulties
some children face when
they enter school. Physicians
and social workers claim that
young children affected by
violence can be more likely
to grow aggressive or
withdrawn by the time they
reach school. Some very
young children even display
signs of posttraumatic stress
disorder, experts assert,
symptoms that are
associated with combat
veterans.
foseph Trotz '88 has captured
the anguish of parents and
children as they struggle to
keep their balance in a world
of turmoil. Trotz, who
decided on a career in
photojournalism while photo
editor of the Justice, majored
in English and American
literature. While a student at
Brandeis, he worked for the
Associated Press in the
Boston area covering local,
national and international
news and sporting events.
After graduation, he did
freelance work for several
Boston-area weekly and daily
newspaper chains.
In 1989 he returned to his
native Savannah to take a
staff photography position at
the Savannah Morning News
and Evening Press, an 80,000
circulation, twice-daily
newspaper. Trotz, who has
garnered three Georgia Press
Association and two
Associated Press awards for
his work there, has been
published by Vanity Fair,
Time-Life Books, Parade
magazine and other national
publications. Covering
everything from presidential
visits to his own high
school's football games, he
has also photographed the
sadder aspects of his
birthplace— grief-stricken
relatives of homicide
victims, wary cops on patrol,
the toll that poverty exacts
from its victims. "Working
as a professional
photographer offers a new
perspective on my
hometown," said Trotz, who
visited the Brandeis Review
last spring.
Brandeis Review
49 Summer 1992
50 Brandeis Review
Eight Classes
Reunite for
Reunion Activities
Brandeis's first graduating
class, the Class of 1952,
joined quinquennial Reunion
celebrants in the classes of
1957, 1962, 1967, 1972, 1977,
1982 and 1987 for a weekend
of conviviality and
reminiscence. In all, more
than 1000 alumni and guests
took part in a variety of
weekend festivities.
More than 200 alumni and
parents of graduating seniors
came a day early to attend
Alumni College '92,
"Dimensions of Discovery."
Attendees chose to attend
two of four programs in the
moming that focused either
on "Aspects of 1492"or
"Discovery in the Sciences
and the Humanities." A
highlight of the day was the
keynote address by Natan
Sharansky, well-known
human rights activist and
honorary degree recipient,
who delivered his first
public lecture, "Discovermg
Freedom," on the Brandcis
campus. "Discovering the
New American
Kaleidoscope: Ethnicity,
Race and Gender" was the
title of an afternoon panel
discussion.
President Samuel O. Thier
welcomed alumni to his first
Brandeis Reunion at the
Welcome Back Dinner,
which was followed by
individual class parties.
A poignant moment of the
weekend followed "Charlie's
Breakfast," sponsored by the
Friends of Brandeis Athletics
(FOBA), when a bronze bust
of the late Charlie Napoli
'58, longtime FOBA
president, was unveiled. The
bust, commissioned by the
Friends of Brandeis Athletics,
was sculpted by artist
Richard Baldacci '56, from
Louis PeilaniLtet jo, chuii ul
the Board of Trustees,
presents plaque to retiring
Board member and chair of
Fellows /. Victor Samuels '63
52 Brandeis Review
Laurel and leis are for
celebrating Reunions and
I xmrnencements
I mm March '52 and L^uina
-.km Siegal '52 share
iniscences at Reunion
Swampscott, Massachusetts.
Clowns, balloons and a
Dixieland band provided a
gala background for the
traditional Ralph Norman
Emeritus Family Barbecue
and Picmc, held this year in
an area adjacent to the new
Gosman Sports and
Convocation Center.
Bnice B. Litwer '61, president
of the Alumni Association,
and Stephen R. Reiner '61,
chair of Alumni Annual
Giving, presided over the
Reunion '92 awards
ceremony that recognized
the efforts of the Reunion
Gift and Program
Committees. The award for
the highest percentage of the
class attending Reunion was
received by Phylis and
Sanders Acker, outreach
cochairs for the Class of
1952. The award for the
largest total attendance was
received by Steven
Waisgerber, outreach chair
for the Class of 1982. The
award for the class with the
highest percentage of
participation in the Reunion
giving effort was also
received by cochairs Phylis
and Sanders Acker of the
Class of 1952. The award for
the largest class gift in honor
of their Reunion also went to
Trustee Robert Shapiro '52
beams as he receives a
doctor of humane letters
at Alumni College V2.
autographs his book during
Alumni College
Gift Committee cochairs
Gus Ranis and Ed Stavis of
the Class of 1952.
A check in the amount of
$596,224, representing the
aggregate amount of all
Reunion class gifts received
as of Reunion weekend,
was presented to Daniel J.
Mansoor, senior vice
president for development
and alumni relations, by
Stephen Reiner '61. "I want
to express my appreciation to
all who played an active role
as volunteers and
contributors in their
Reunions this year. We
could not have experienced
the success we achieved
without their hard work."
Congressman Stephen Solarz
'62 and CNN correspondent
Linda Scherzer '82 spoke at a
Reunion forum. Two alumni
were honored at separate
ceremonies involving the
graduating class. Diana
Laskin Siegal '52 was this
year's recipient of the
Sanctity of Life Award at the
Baccalaureate ceremony on
Chapels Field. Siegal was
cited for her long-term
commitment to issues of
health care and aging. Ruth
Anne Hafter '56 and Peter
Diepold '59, a former Wien
Scholar at Brandeis, were
inducted into the Mu chapter
of Phi Beta Kappa. Class
parties on Saturday evening
took place at nearby hotels
for most classes and featured
dinner and dancing.
53 Summer 1992
Dual Reunion
Program Set to
Begin in 1993
Nominations
Sought for
Association
Increasing numbers of classes
returning to Reunion (there
are now eight and by the year
2002 there will be 10), and
the large size of several
recent classes has placed a
strain on the capacity of the
University to provide quality
spaces and services on
campus. These growing pams
have been studied by a
number of committees
and a determination was
reached this year to begin a
dual Reunion program in
1993 to improve the Reunion
experience for all. This plan,
supported by the Alumni
Association Board of
Directors and approved by
President Samuel O. Thier,
will bring the 25th, 30th,
35th and 40th classes back
for Reunion at
Commencement time in
the spring and will bring the
5th, 10th, 15th and 20th
classes to campus for an
enhanced Homecoming/
Reunion weekend during the
fall foliage season.
Dates for the 1993 Reunions
will be May 21-23, 1993 for
the classes of 1953, 1958,
1963 and 1968 and October
1-3, 1993 for the classes of
1973, 1978, 1983 and 1988.
The dual Reunion program
will allow the University to
focus greater attention on
alumni, providing each class
a balanced program of social
and intellectual
programming in appropriate
settings. It will also lessen
the serious facility and
personnel constraints that
have existed as the
University has tried to meet
the competing needs of some
750 graduating seniors,
approximately 200 graduate
students, their respective
families and friends,
Commencement festivities
for honorary degree
recipients. Trustees, Fellows
and President's Councilors,
numerous school and
departmental functions and
as many as 30 separate
events for approximately
1000 alumni and guests from
eight classes.
OUR POOL KEEPS YOU COMFORTABLE
FOR LIFE
Your gift to the Brandeis Pooled Income Fund could provide:
• Income to you for life (current yield is 6.5%)
• Free professional money management
• Immediate income tax relief
• Capital gains tax savings
• Vital scholarship support to a needy Brandeis student
If the summer heat has you down, leam how you can make a gift to Brandeis and receive
some cool cash in return. For more information, please call or write the Brandeis Planned
Giving Office, P.O. Box 9110, Waltham, MA 02254-9110, 617-736-4030.
Our professional staff Is available to you and your advisors for consultation and assistance.
54 Brandeis Review
Class Notes
'52
'58
Phylis Levins Acker, Class
Correspondent, 205 Event Avenue,
Hewlitt, NY 11557
L. Arnold Goralnick has had a
successful career m the shoe
industry, moving through the
executive ranks at George E. Keith
Company where he has sei-ved as
executive vice president and
president. He has also been past
president and member of the board
of directors of the Boston Boot and
Shoe Club, a life member of the
Two Ten Foundation and a past
member of the board of directors at
Temple Israel in Sharon, MA. He
has been married to Roslyn Coan
since 1954; they have two children
and two grandchildren. Diana
Laskin Siegal was awarded the
Sanctity of Life Award at the
Brandeis Baccalaureate ceremony
in May for her many years of work
on health and living issues of older
women. Morris M. Waldman is
retired after 16 years in middle
management, is living m Dcerfield
Beach, FL, and traveling the world
with his wife, Evalyn. They have
they volunteer with the Women's
League for Israel, Masonry, fewish
War Veterans, Hadassah, B'nai
B'rith and at a preschool for deaf
children,
'54
Miriam Feingold d'Amato, Class
Correspondent, 62 Floyd Street,
Wmthrop, MA 02152
)erry Douglas (a.k.a. lerry
Rubinstein) conducted a workshop
on soap opera for theater and film
undergraduates at Brandeis in
March. He plays lohn Abbott in
the popular soap opera "The
Young and the Restless." and he
drew upon his daytime television
experiences for his seniinar.
Marvin Sieves continues as chair
and chief executive of the New
York advertising agency Scali,
McCabe & Sloves. He appeared in
a February New York Times article
announcing the firm's acquisition
of the Mercedes Benz account.
'55
ludith Paull Aronson, Class
Correspondent, 767 South Windsor
Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90005
Burt Rosen, chair and CEO of
Omnivision, ventured to campus
in April to conduct Television:
The Real Business behind the Box,
a seminar for Brandeis film and
theater students. Evelyn B.
Sheffres moved to Cape Cod and is
teaching art in Wellfleet, MA. She
received a grant from the
Massachusetts Arts Lottery to
bring senior citizens and
preschoolers together for a
planting and gardening project
entitled Wonders of Growth. Her
enamel work, which was displayed
at Bentley College, was also
chosen by the Cape Cod Museum
of Alt inneiinis, MA, fm
nuln..:.-M ,11 i!,. ,. . I ,l: I. line Art
her Depot .Squ.ii
Lexington, MA.
'56
Leona Feldman Curhan, Class
Correspondent, 6 Tide Winds
Terrace, Marblehead, MA 01945
Arthur L. Bernard, Ph.D. conducts
workshops and courses on dreams
entitled "Dreams-The Wisdom in
Sleep." With audio cassettes and
information booklets, the course
explains how dreams can be used
to promote greater physical and
emotional health.
'57
Carole Wolfe Berman, Class
Correspondent, 5 Heritage Lane,
Lynnfield, MA 01946
Liunnn 1 Km ippointed
r
'\'%
A<
Allan W. Drachman, Class
Correspondent, 115 Mayo Road,
Wellesley, MA 02181
Carol Boroff Albrecht shifted gear;
after a 15-year career in city
planning and urban development,
moved to a rustic area of southern
California and created Blood
Pressure Monitoring, Inc., where
she IS president, chief technician
Rockwell, McDonnell-Douglas and
Xerox Lea K. Bleyman, Ph.D.
enioys travel and professional
conferences and is proud to
announce that her daughter, Anne,
was graduated from law school.
Alan R. Engborg lives in Sudbury,
MA, and works for Paul Revere
Insurance Company in Worcester,
MA. For the past four years, Rita
Golden Gelman has been living
with a Balinese family in a small
traditional village in Bali,
Indonesia. She says that it is a
magical place, filled with cultural
and spiritual richness and invites
classmates to stop by if they're m
the ncmhbnrhnod Marcia Bialick
Grnssniaiih.is lived 111 lM,iellor2,^
-.lelll
Brandeis and says that her
gratification comes from a belie:
that intervention at this time in
student's life can have a positive
impact on his or her future. She
also runs a conversation group i
wives of forei.gn graduate studen
and enjoys the experience of
Ga
Jacobson, M.D.
; I unit 1 Kane
Advisors <.t the luhn 1 Kenned\
School oft;. i\einnienrs InMiliile
for Social and Uuninim I'oIrn i.
A toiiiiei ,isMM,inl 1
o Brandeis's
psychiatnst.il ,M,,ss,ieluisetts
fouiullllnpiesKleiu,
Ahram Sachar,
General Hnspii.il .iiul le.iehes .u
he also was a natioi
lal president of
Harvard Umveisiiv and ISo.su.n
the Brandeis Alumr
11 Association,
University School of Medicine, H
was awarded the Di
stinguished
wife, Susan, was graduated from
Service Award and
was elected a
the New England School of Law i
Fellow of the Univt
■rsity by the
1991 and their three sons are
Board of Trustees,
attending Emory University, the
University of Pennsylvania and tl
his wife, Diane Solomon Kempler
'59, a ceramic sculptor, prepares
for an e-xhibition of her work in
September. Amy Miklowitz
Leinwand lives in Scarsdale, NY,
where she has a private practice in
ps\'ehotheiap\' .ind is an adjunct
|ii..' 1 -:m. mIliiik in aging,
h.i , \.i(liaii(Nate)
Lul.ulskx IS. x.Minve director of
the State tif Israel Bonds, greater
Boston chapter. He and his wife.
Donna, live in Southboro, MA, and
are the proud parents of five
children, Peter Ranis has been
professor of political science at
York College, City University of
New York, since 1968, on the
CUNY graduate faculty since 1987
and is adjunct professor at the
New York University Center for
Latin American Studies. He
completed a 1985-86 Fulbright-
supported research sabbatical in
Buenos Aires and published
.Ir , !: : I 11 'i:/ rj s Peroiiism and
I I' , ■ , i hs daughter,
iM.iiij, leeLixed.iii.M.A. in arts
administration from NYU and his
son, Paul Ranis '91, will attend the
University of Miami Law School.
Bill Ruth IS still teaching
marketing m the Clark County,
NV, school district, while his wife,
Nancy, teaches reading in Boulder
City. Their daughter, Karen, is in
college and her twin hiothei,
Kevin, won the Nevada state
wrestling title and completed his
first year as a University of New
Mexico varsity wrestler. Laurence
J. Silberstein, Ph.D. is director of
the Philip and Muriel Berman
Center for Jewish Studies at
Lehigh University in Bethlehem,
PA. He published Miirlin Rubers
Social and Religious Thoughi.
Ahcnatmn and the Quest for
Meaning and edited New
Perspectives on Israeli History:
The Earlv Years of the State. His
wife, Muriel Berenson Silberstein
and teaches several related courses
Eugene L. Speck, M.D. is in private
pi.KiKe m Las Vegas, NV, and is
.iss.iei.ite professor at the
llnixeisity of Nevada School of
lie He also heads the
.Wedi
University Medical Center. Joel S.
Spire and his wife, Leigh, moved
back to Washington, DC, where he
works at the Bureau of
International Organization in the
state department. He is director of
the Office of Technical Specialized
Agencies. Primmilla Greenleaf
Thomas and her husband lived in
Tokyo for two years where she
55 Summer 1992
'67
'68
taught English as a second
language (ESLI and he had an
assignment with IBM. They now
are settled in San lose, CA, where
she pursues graduate study m
linguistics and hopes to continue
teaching. Their son teaches ESL in
China. After thirty years in [ewish
education, Saul B. Troen changed
careers and is involved in
educational computing. He was
appointed vice president of
educational services for the New
York City area Comweh
Technology Group. He is also
writing a Ph.D. dissertation at
New York University on "|ewish
Science Fiction as Aggadah
(Folklorel."
'59
Sunny Sunshine Brownrout, Class
Correspondent, S7 Old Hill Road,
Westport, CT 06880
Stephen Berger has been appointed
executive vice president of General
Electric Capital Corporation where
he is responsible for five of GE
capital corporations: the Cni-poratc
Finance Group, the GE Railcar
Services Corporation, the
Transport International Pool, the
Gelco Space business and the
Financial Guaranty Insurance
Company. He lives in New York
City with his wife, Cynthia, and
their two children. Linda Brailove
Kneucker lives in Vienna, Austria,
with her husband, Raoul F.
Kneucker, a Wien scholar. She is
an active volunteer mother at the
Rudolf Steiner-Schule, editor of a
newspaper for people interested in
Waldorf art education and a
founder of Or Chadash, a liberal
Jewish community. He served as
secretary general of both the
Rectors' Conference of Austrian
Universities and the Austrian
National Science Foundation, and
is head of the Division of
International Affairs in the Federal
Ministry for Science and Research.
They are the parents of Fanny, age
22, Hannah, age 20, and
Alexander, age 13. Letty Cottin
Pogrebin is national chairwoman
of Americans for Peace Now, the
United States branch of the Israeli
Peace Now movement. In
December, the organization held a
meeting at the home of Joshua
Mailman, son of the late Brandeis
trustee, Joseph Mailman.
'60
Abby Brown, Class Correspondent,
4 Jeffrey Circle, Bedford, MA
01730
Allen R. Grossman, Ph.D. was
nominated for a 1991 National
Book Critics Circle Award for his
book of poetry. The Ether Dome
and Other Poems: New and
Selected 11979 to 1991).
'61
Judith Leavitt Schatz, Class
Correspondent, 139 Cumberland
Road, Leominster, MA 01453
Beverly Weinger Boorstein was
sworn in by Governor Weld of
Massachusetts as an associate
justice of the Middlesex County
Probate and Family Court after
serving in private practice in
Boston since 196,5. I. William
Sizeler was the architect of Tulane
University's James W. Wilson Jr.
Center for Inter-Collegiate
Athletics. The building received
the A.ssociated Builders and
r.mtiactiirs, Inc. I99I
rinistructioii Award of Excellence
111 ilu- L.itLUorv lit general
L.. list, uui, in, iVcrS2 million.
'62
Ann Leder Sharon, Class
Correspondent, 13890 Ravenwood
Drive, Saratoga, CA 95070
Rosellen Brown Hoffman has
published several works including
Civil Wars and A Rosellen Brown
Reader; Before and Alter is due
out this fall.
Carol A. Tavris, Ph.D. is a social
psychologist and author of several
books including Anger: The
Misunderstood Emotion. Her most
recent work, The Mismeasure of
Women, analyzes the controversy
over gender differences and
criticizes many attempts to define
men and women as possessing
different basic psychological
Hermine Stern Leiderman, Class
Correspondent, 2896 Twin Oaks
Drive, Highland Park, IL 60035
Ahmad S. Djudzman is a computer
systems consultant in the San
Francisco Bay area. During the
week he lives in Moraga, CA, and
every weekend he commutes 200
miles to his home in Sacramento.
His daughter, Marcia, is a
sophomore at Stanford University.
Geraldine Frost Hallgrimson is a
volunteer storyteller, performing
legends, myths, fairy tales and
animal tales. A widow, she lives in
Peterborough, NH, where she also
sings in the Monadnock Chorus.
Elise Jackendoff moderated a
conference, Music as Science, at
the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. She is an alumni
relations officer in the Brandeis
Office of Development and
Alumni Relations, working with
the Wien scholar constituency.
She also teaches at the Longy
School of Music and participated
in a Mozart concert performed
entirely by Brandeis alumni and
professors. Susan Schulak Katcher
earned a J.D. from the University
of Wisconsin Law School in 1990
and is assistant director of the East
Asian Legal Studies Center there.
She also teaches a course in legal
writing geared toward
workini; ( m ni.isui ■^ ilc);rL-cs in
compai.uuL l.iw sIk llVL■•^wlth
her family in M.kIisch, WI, and
visited Japan last summer. Yona
Nelson-Shulman, Ph.D. is an
organizational consultant
specializing in management and
sales training with psychological
interventions such as team-
building and conflict management.
In addition to her professional
work and travel, she is the mother
of two young daughters, is
involved with the PTA and her
synagogue and is president of a
local community activist group.
Ralph Propper is an air pollution
research specialist who manages
air toxins research contracts for
the State of California. He is
treasurer of the Sacramento
American Lung Association, a
member of the New Jewish
Agenda's steering committee and a
board member of the
Environmental Council of
Sacramento. Gerald Richman is
vice president of national and
cultural production for a PBS
station in the Minneapolis/St. Paul
area where he has lived for 1 1
years.
Jay R. Kaufman, Class
Correspondent, One Childs Road,
Lexington, MA 02173
Naomi S. Baron is associate dean
and professor of linguistics in the
college of arts and sciences at The
American University in
Washington, DC. She has
completed her fifth book, Growing
Up with Language: How Children
Learn to Talk. She lives with her
husband and 5-year-old son, Aneil,
in Bethesda, MD. Rev. Randolph
W. Becker published an article in
Five Owls, a library journal,
entitled "The Child as Pilgrim:
Spiritual Development of
Children." He (
religious education consultant to
the Long Island Area Council of
Unitarian Universalist Societies.
He also chaired the Child
Advocacy Working Group of the
National Council of Churches and
participated in programs teaching
non-Jewish children about the
Holocaust. Robert D. Bersson,
Ph.D., a professor of art at James
Madison University in
Harrisonburg, VA, has published
Worlds of Art, a college art
appreciation text on which he
labored for more than seven years.
The book contains essays by
fellow Brandeis classmates Eliot I.
Cohen, on the photography of
Ansel Adams, and Mark Simon of
the design-winning firm
Centerbrook, on postmodern
architecture. Dorothy Rosenthal
Bishop is a professional cellist,
herbalist and author of The
Musician as Athlete: Alternative
Approaches to Healthy
Performance, a book which
outlines how to use proper
nutrition, herbs and exercise as
preventive health measures. Susan
Dickler has moved to Lexington,
MA, with her husband and 5-year
old daughter and is a consultant to
Boston area foundations and
organizations on women's health
56 Brandeis Review
Brandeis University
Hall of Fame
Nomination Form
The Brandeis
University Athletic Hall
of Fame has been
established by
Brandeis University
and is administered by
the Friends of
Brandeis Athletics
(FOBA) with the
purpose of honoring
the accomplishments
of the University's
greatest scholar-
athletes.
Nominee's Name
Class Year
Name at Graduation
Phone
Address
City
State Zip Code
In what varsity spon{s) did the nominee participate?
(Years of participation. ..individual honors or awards.,
captain. ..post-season etc.)
Why do you think this nominee should be named a member
of the Hall of Fame? (use additional sheet if necessary)
Eligibility consists of the following:
Eligibility shall not begin until five
years after the class of which
the scholar-athlete was a member is
graduated from Brandeis University.
Any Brandeis University alumnus
who has earned a letter in any varsity
sport(s) or has achieved superior
accomplishments is eligible for
nomination.
The nominees shall be chosen on the
basis of playing ability, integrity,
sportsmanship, character and
contribution to the team on which
they played.
Nominations may include individuals
who do not qualify as alumni or
athletes, but whom the Committee
feels should be in the Hall of
Fame because of contributions to
Brandeis's athletic program.
This nomination form must be
received by the Hall of Fame
Selection Committee no later than
October 1 of each year.
How do you know the nominee"
Nominator
Class Year
Phone
Address
City
State ;
?ip Code
Signature
Nominees must by dues-paid members of the Alumni
Association and/or FOBA. Deadline for nominations
is October 1 . Return this nomination form to: Jack Molloy,
Assistant Athletic Director. Brandeis University. Gosman
Center, Waltham, MA 02254 Phone: 617-736-3631
News Notes
what have you been doing
lately' Let the alumni office
know. We invite you to
submit articles, photos (black
and white photos are preferred)
and news that would be of
interest to your fellow
classmates to:
Office of Alumni Relations
Brandeis University
P.O. Box 9110
Waltham, MA 02254-91 10
Brandeis Degree &. Class Year
D Please check here if address is
different from mailing label.
If you know of any alumni
who are not receiving the
Brandeis Review, please let
us know.
Due to space limitations, we
usually are unable to print
lists of classmates who attend
each other's weddings
or other functions. News of
engagements, marriages and
births are included in
separate listings by class.
issues. Linda S. Feldman is judicial
attorney for the acting presiding
justice of the 6th District State
Court of Appeal of California. Her
husband is a state deputy attorney
general. They have 3 children,
Melissa, age 13, Isaac, age 11, and
Sharon, age 10. Everett Fox is
associate professor of ludaica and
director of the program in Jewish
studies at Clark University in
Worcester, MA. He also has
written "The Bible and its World"
in The Schocken Guide to Jewish
Boolis. Paula Baral Fox is a school
psychologist working with
elementary school children in a
suburban Minneapolis, MN,
school district. Her husband,
Norman, is also a school
psychologist and they enjoy
comparing notes on their
respective school districts. Their
daughter, Shira, age 10, survives as
their "guinea pig," but they
wonder just whose behavior is
being modified. Stephen M.
Goldman is executive director of
the Tampa Bay Holocaust
Memorial Museum and
Educational Center in St.
Petersburg, FL. This organization
opened last January with its
internationally famous Anne
Frank exhibit that received over
32,000 visitors in one month. He
also teaches Sunday school at his
synagogue and at the Community
Hebrew High School and works lor
the Brandeis Alumni Admissions
Council. His wife, Sylvia, is unit
coordinator of the labor and
delivery department of the local
women's hospital. They have three
busy children, Shimon Jessica, age
19, Chava Danielle, age 15, and
Zachary Keane, age 10. Samuel C.
Heilman, Ph.D. is a visiting fellow
at the Institute for Advanced Study
at Hebrew University in New
York. His wile, Ellin Kaufman
Heilman, is completing a doctoral
degree in psychology at Yeshiva
University. Kenneth L Helphand is
professor of landscape architecture
at the University of Oregon and
author of the newly-published
book, Colorado: Visions of an
American Landscape. Sponsored
by the American Society of
Landscape Architects and the
Landscape Architecture
Foundation, the book traces
human settlement and land use in
the state. Stephen P. Herman,
M.D. is a child psychiatrist
specializing in medical-legal
psychiatry in Wilton, CT, and
Manhattan. He is the author of
Parent vs. Parent: How You and
Your Child Can Survive the
Custody Battle and is a
contributing editor to Family
Circle magazine. He lives in a
300-year-old house in Newton,
CT, with his wife, stage actress
Joan Grant. Nancy Miller
Kozerodsky has a full-time law
practice in Tenafly, NJ, and was
selected to serve as copresident of
the Cresskill Education
Foundation, a fund-raising
organization that brings
enrichment programs to the
Cresskill schools. She and her
husband, Michael, have two
children, Laurel, ago 12, and Jeff,
age 9, Ronald Kriinisli is director of
the Isriil nlliit III ill! .AniL-rican
Jewi.shl,iiiiiniiiKi, luscd in
Jerusalem, He .uul his wile. Amy
Weiss, have three d.iu,i;lueis, S.m,
age 16, Dahha, .i,i;e I4,.iiul .Aiiell.i,
age 11. After spendin.i; ei,i;ht ve.us
with TVOntario in Toronto,
Howard P. Krosnick has moved to
Montreal to assume the post of
director of the international
program at the National Film
Board of Canada. Robert B. Lamm
relocated to Boca Raton, FL, and
was elected corporate secretary
and chief securities counsel at the
headquarters of W.R. Grace &
Company. Jill Levin is the legal
unit coordinator at Alternatives to
Domestic Violence, a county
agency in Hackensack, NJ. She has
three children, Elisha, age 18,
Rachel, age 15, and Talia, age
9 1/2, and is amazed at bow fast
they are growing up. Mark Mannis,
M.D., professor of ophthalmology
at the University of California at
Davis, is completing a two-year
term as chairman of the Eye Bank
Association of America. He lives
in Carmichael, CA, with his wife,
Judith, and their three children,
Avi, Gabriel and Tova. Susan
Shapiro Martling, M.D. is a family
practitioner living in Kentfield,
CA, with her husband and three
children. She enjoys volunteering,
playing tennis, skiing and raising
her kids. Ellen Novack is casting
director for ABC's "One Life to
Live" and has her own freelance
business, Ellen Novack Casting.
She lives in New York City with
her two daughters, Gemma, age
10, who had a play produced at the
52nd Street Project, and Hallie, age
6 1/2. David Reiter, M.D., whose
practice includes cosmetic and
reconstructive surgery of the face,
neck and jaws, is director of the
Center for Facial Plastic Surgery at
the Jefferson Medical College/
Thomas Jefferson University
Hospital in Philadelphia, PA. He
also created his future retirement
business. The Intensive Care Unit,
for construction, restoration and
maintenance of race cars of all
types and ages. He and his wife,
Karen, celebrated their son Jon's
BarMu.-v.ih l.isi Noveiiiiier, will
celehi.ue.lun Mliliiiiniversary
this ye.ii .iiul li.nl l.iiu.ird to their
son Danny's liai Mii.;vah in '94.
Alan D. Rogowsky, an attorney
representing a new Russian-
American joint venture, spent a
month in Moscow with his
Russian clients. He keeps in touch
with Jacqueline Neuhaus Bradley,
Elaine Buda Sheinmel and Lynn
Silver. Aviva Kligfeld Roscnbloom
has been a cantor at Temple Israel
of Hollywood in Hollywood, CA,
for 16 years. She appeared in the
West Coast premiere of the opera,
The Emperor of Atlantis, written
by Viktor Ullman while he was an
inmate in the Terezin
concentration camp. She is very
interested in the ramifications of
the changes in the former USSR
and remains active in Jewish
feminist activities in Los Angeles,
including the BatKol retreat,
Shabbat Shenit monthly services,
the Timbrels of Miriam
Conference and the Jewish
Feminist Center. Anthony G.
Scariano has become "somewhat
bored" practicing law and
specializing in representing school
districts in Illinois and is pursuing
a Ph.D. in educational
administration at Loyola
University in Chicago. Barbara
Freed Sherman studies at the New
England School of Art and Design
and enjoys her marriage and her
two daughters. She was elected to
her town meeting last spring, is on
the board of the Brookline
Foundation, which helps raise
funds for public schools, and is
managing her friend's campaign for
school committee reelection. After
teaching and playing violin for
more than 20 years, Lesley Straley
became a public school
kindergarten teacher and has
returned to graduate school for a
master's degree in education. She
and her partner, Charlotte, are
happily settled in Vermont, where
she enjoys gardening, music,
reading and canoe trips. Genie
Polower Strupp, after a
"catastrophic career" as a high
school foreign language teacher,
became a paralegal and is
considering attending law school.
She lives on a converted farm
outside of Salt Point, NY, with her
husband, Andy, an international
business consultant whose job
provides them with exciting travel
opportunities to exotic locales
such as Ethiopia and China. Amy
M. Tree was accepted for spring
admission at Antioch New
England Graduate School in Keene,
NH, to pursue a master of arts
degree in counseling psychology.
Alan M. Waldman writes for
numerous business, sports and
58 Brandeis Review
'71
entertainment publications,
including T. V. Guide, and has won
various awards for investigative
reporting and writing copy on
as European chair of the
Worldwide Friends of Frogs. He
and his wife, Moey, enjoy life in
southern California and get much
pleasure from opera, gardening,
theater, travel and four brilliant
grandchildren.
'69
Jo Anne Chernev Adlerstein, Class
Correspondent, 76 Glenview Road,
South Orange, N| 07079
Stephen P. Coyle, chief executive
officer of the AFL-CIO's Housing
Investment Trust in Washington,
DC, addressed the Washington
Chapter on the subject of
affordable housing. Jon Gage,
assistant financial editor of the
Paris-based International Herald
Tribune, was the keynote speaker
at the first of four Europe '91
events entitled "Europe '91: What
is Changing and What Americans
Should Know." This address and
panel discussion was sponsored by
Assumption College, Riley
Consolidated, Inc. and the
Worcester Area Chamber of
Commerce. The Special Assistant
to Mount Holyoke College
President Elizabeth Kennan,
Madelaine Samalot Marquez, was
named by Massachusetts Governor
William F. Weld to the State Board
of Education. At Mount Holyoke
she also is responsible for
government relations and
represents the college at different
associations to stay informed
about how state or federal
legislation may impact the college.
Her husband, Roberto Marquez
'66, is professor of Latin American
and Caribbean studies at Mount
Holyoke.
'70
Carol Stein Schulman, Class
Correspondent, 7 Stonehenge,
Great Neck, NY 11023
Susan Rubin recounts her
counterculture era adventures in a
one-woman performance piece
entitled "Sarah's Story: Tripping
on the Belly of the Beast." Set in
1969, this pilot project of the
Women Artists Group is a
semiautobiographical account of
an idealistic Brandeis graduate's
adventures. The show, playing at
Theatre 4, former home of the Los
Angeles Theatre Center, is
presented by Indecent Exposure
and is the first to be cosponsored
by the cultural affairs department
of the City of Los Angeles.
Mark L. Kaufman, Class
Correspondent, 28 Devens Road,
Swampscott, MA 01907-2014
After almost 1 1 years as a federal
prosecutor, Anita Dymant was
appointed by the governor of
California as judge of the Los
Angeles Municipal Court. She and
her husband, Richard, live in
Sherman Oaks, CA, with their son,
Matthew, age 6, and daughter,
age.-
Katii
'72
Mark and Elaine Heimburger
Tulis, Class Correspondents, 21
Gray Rock Lane, Chappaqua, NY
10514
After residing in Boston for 15
years, Richard E. Goldberg and his
wife, Hillary, first moved to
Chicago where he worked at
Alberto-Culver as group product
manager on styling products and
then moved to Memphis, TN,
where he is in marketing for
Maybelline Larry M. Myatt, Ph.D.
outstanding school principals from
around the United States for the
Thomson Fellowship Program by
the Coalition of Essential Schools,
an education reform effort based at
Brown University. He is director of
the Fenway Middle College, an
urban public secondary school in
Boston, which was recognized by
the U.S. Department of Labor with
its 20 Lift-America National
Award for its progressive efforts
toward school restructuring. He
was also named by Governor Weld
to the Massachusetts Community
Service Commission, formed to aid
the administration in charting the
course for the state's schools.
Myatt is also a principal in School
Alternatives, Inc., which performs
consulting services on school
reform issues. Jay S. Portnoy is a
software engineer for the Charles
Stark Draper Laboratory in
Cambridge, MA. Elaine
Heimberger Tulis, Ph.D. continues
her private practice in clinical
psychology, is consultant to the
Pleasantville Child Guidance
Center and is president of the
board of directors of the Oak Lane
Child Law Center. Her husband,
Mark Tulis, received 65 percent of
the vote and was reelected town
supervisor of the Town of New
Castle in northern Westchester,
NY. They live in Chappaqua, NY,
where they enjoy parenting and
coaching their three children,
lonah, age 10, Benji, age 7, and
Rebecca, age 2.
'73
Paula L. Scheer, Class
Correspondent, 133 Park Street,
Brookline, MA 02146
Susan tt. Sneider earned a J.D.
from Boston College in 1976 and
resides in Evanston, IL, with her
husband, Jonathan L. Mills '69,
and their three children, Kimberly,
lessica and Samantha.
'74
Elizabeth Sarason Pfau, Class
Correspondent, 80 Monadnock
Road, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167
Katherine Abrams, who thought
she was only coming to New York
City for a summer job after
graduation, has now lived there for
IS years. An illustrator, she serves
on the board of directors of the
Graphic Artists Guild, a national
advocacy organization, while her
husband, leremy Garber, is an
attorney with the New York State
Departmental Disciplinary
Committee. They live in
"neighborhoody" Park Slope with
their two daughters, Judith, age
2 1/2, and Leah, age 3 months. Joel
M. Fiedler, M.D. was elected to the
board of directors of Garden State
Medical Group, the largest
multispecialty medical group in
New Jersey. He also maintains
academic appointments at both
the department of pediatric
rheumatology at Robert Wood
Medical School and at St,
Christopher's Children's Hospital
m Philadelphia, m the department
of pediatric allergy and
immunology. Jane Goldman
Ostrowsky works in real estate for
Castles Unlimited and continues
to reside in Newton Centre, MA,
with her husband, Mark, and three
children, David, Sharon and 1991
addition, Jonathan. Beth Slavet, a
former labor lawyer, has been
hired to run Congressman Chet
Atkins's Washington office. Janet
A. Smith moved her home and
business from New Hampshire to
Tarrytown, NY. She has completed
work on Consumer Reports 1992
Travel Buying Guide and has
published a series of articles in
Direct Marketing magazine. She
earned an M.B.A. from Babson
College and is pursuing nondegree
graduate studies in Russian
language at Columbia University
to prepare for a business trip to
Russia thi;
'75
Leslie Penn, Class Correspondent,
Marshall Leather Finishing, 43-45
Wooster Street, New York, NY
10013
Steven Kaplan (MA. '75| is a
senior lecturer in African studies
and comparative religion at the
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
and chairman of the African
studies department there. He
published his fourth book. The
Beta Israel (Falashaj in Ethiopia:
From Earliest Times to the
Twentieth Century, and is
coauthoring with psychosexual
therapist Dr. Ruth Westheimer a
study of Ethiopian Jewish family
life in Israel entitled Surviving
Salvation.
'76
Beth Pearlman Rotenberg, Class
Correspondent, 2743 Dean
Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55416
Richard J. Novick, M.D. was
promoted to associate professor of
cardiothoracic and transplant
surgery at the University Hospital
in London, Ontario. He lives in
Canada with his wife, Terri, and
their sons, Jason, 3 1/2, and
Daniel, 7 months. Brian A. Rogol
IS a vice president with General
Electric Capital in Stamford, CT,
specializing in aviation lease
financing, while his wife, Rhonna
Weber Rogol, is an attorney and
associate of a solo practitioner.
They have three children, Alissa,
age 10, Joshua, age 8, and Dane,
age 5.
'77
Randall Rich, Class
Correspondent, 6620 Ivy Hill
Drive, McLean, VA 22101-5206
Mark B. Lonstein, M.D. was
inducted as a fellow of the
American Academy of
Orthopaedic Surgeons at the
Academy's 59th annual meeting in
Washington, DC.
'78
Mazelle Ablon is m her second
decade in the bakery business with
Mazelle &. Sechel Inc. and has
helped the company triple in size
by supplying 3,500 restaurants in
II states with "Mazelle's
Cheesecakes." Melissa Annis is a
59 Summer 1992
Parent(s)
Child's Name
)ane Goldman Ostrowsky
Cynthia Benjamin
Llewellyn Jones
Alan S. Katz, M.D.
Marcy C. Kornreich
William Mark Levinson
Renee Heyman Nachbar
Karen Brot Samson and
Craig D. Samson
Diane Cohen Schneider
Beth S. Fein and
Eric Hollander, M.D. '78
Sydna M. Bernstein
Rich Jaffee
Seth D. Moldoff
Susan Tanur EUman and
Stephen B. EUman
Aron E. Lukacher, M.D.
Amy Cohen Anneling
Martin R. Kupferberg
Tamar Lange Schriger
Keith F. Silverman
Elizabeth Taub Bteslow
Spencer Feldman
Hal |. Leibowitz and
Jill Kelber Leibowitz '85
Susan J. Sokol and
Glenn Rubenstein '83
Rhonda Zingmond Allen an
Peter Allen '82
Deborah Friedman
Tandy Goldenberg
Sara Silver Honovich
Randi Neumann Pomerantz
and Scott Pomerantz '82
Leslie Sherman-Kessler
Rita Stein Silver and
Scott Silver '84
Susan Hills Goldman and
Michael J. Goldman '85
Suzanne Wahler-Stephan
Laurie Rubin-Haber
Greta Bernard Brown and
Robert Brown '86
Karen Weinberg Drogin and
Phillip Drogin
Rachel Gubitz Feingold
Jonathan Peter
Jesse Adam Dugas
Jessica Michelle
Brittany
Kayla
Emily Meredith
Lauren Valero'
Danielle Luisa
Alvssa Michulc
Andrea loelle
Adam Beniamin
Nathan Evan
Molly Pauline
Evan Harris
Eliana Tess
Benjamin Henry
Phillip Louis
Rachel
Anna Naomi
Alexander Philip
Samuel Ross
Yonah Bracha
Rebecca Mollie
Samuel Mitchell
Elisc Freudenheim
Matthew Jay
Mara Moon
Robert Irving
Ian Michael
Leah Elvse
lessica Lvnne
Matthew Aaron
Adam Scott
Eric Laurence
Tyler Maxwell
Sara Nicole
Alyssa Mane
Ross Aaron
Hada Shoshana
Jaclyn Lindsay
Gabnella
August 18, 1991
October 16, 1991
January 1, 1992
December, 1990
lanuary 19, 1991
February 17, 1992
Ma
1991
December 13, 19)-
January 2, 1991
lanuary 2, 1991
August 24, 1990
February 9, 1992
Iuly3, 1990
November 13, 1991
Septemher 13, 1991
August 4. 1991
August 4, 1991
February 16, 1992
April 30, 1991
September 14, 1991
luly 10, 1991
September 17, 1991
February 3, 1992
Ianuarv9, 1992
January 13, 1992
September 21, 199
February 10, 1992
October 15, 1990
September 7. 1991
September IS, 199
September 9, 1991
Junes, 1991
May 2, 1991
May 2, 1991
October 16, 1991
June 28, 1991
March 26, 1992
Julys, 1991
licensed interior designer living in
Laguna Niguel, CA. Cheryl
Polansky Baratv, alon.t; with her
husliand, lici ,nul ^\c.ir-nld son,
Yaniv, h,l^llln^^dh.Kkt<.her
Wl,
ih he
athe:
Baraty. She enjoys iIk m.ne
relaxed pace of Milwaukee after 1 1
years as a food and drug attorney
in Washington, DC. Brad A.
Bederman is living in Morristown,
NJ, and is a systems engineer and
computer programmer for
Electronic Data Systems. He
spends his evenings pursuing an
M.B.A. at RutRcrs University, is
interested m the Mi^tk market and
andaenihiL o....!.. Iitcstvle.
Cindy 1. I'.ill-Di.iiu i
presiiki ■ .1 .MA,
chaptei I-: M .1 I- - ! ■ '^iK and her
husband, llavid, traveled to Israel
in July 1991 where she was the
National Young Leader
representative for the Western
New En,v;l.ind Remmi (.f Hadassah
atthen.iti.ui.iUninLmion. They
eside
ih their t
daughters, kendra, age 7, and
Maressa, age 5. Cynthia Benjamin
lives in Rhode Island with her
husband and children (they have
an infant soni and is a freelance
editor/writer. She also is involved
in efforts to establish a Rhode
Island Alumni Association
chapter Seth H. Berner completed
1 cour
ileeular
ened the
gastrunmin .n
first restauiani in .Maine
specializing in cooking for and
with microbes. Avron A. Boretz is
living in Ithaca, NY, where he
edits videotapes and writes about
his visit to .southeastern Taiwan.
Ann Bolts Bromberg was
appointed produttmn editor for the
monthly trade in,r.:.i i;u \'r.
lewelry Manuliii ' i :
that her English \r. , i r. i. i. -
helped her get tlu \->\' i Jmnj ,i:ni
proofreading. She lives in
Philadelphia, PA, with her
husband, Arthur, and children,
Joseph, age 8, Sarah, age 6, and
Malka, age 4. Robert P. DiGtazia is
an attorney specializing in civil
litigation and workers'
compensation law in a firm
located in the north shore area of
greater Boston. He has been
married five years and is the father
of a 2 1/2 vear-.,ld son, Tvler Cole.
Rebekah L. Do
rmaii, P
h.D. IS
successtulh di
HIV.; thr
■working
mother luqgic'
' with h.
L-r two boys.
Colby, 20 mon
ths, and Gilad, 5
months, and a
job as ai
5sociate
director of rese
larch at
the Child
Guidance Center of Gi
Cleveland whe
■re she c
ontmues her
research into child abuse. After
eight years in the computer field,
Daniel C. Goldman attended New
York University Law School and is
now a litigation attorney for the
Manhattan law firm of Weil,
Gotshal & Manges. Rabbi Elyse
Goldstein moved to Toronto as a
noncongregational rabbi with her
Canadian husband and their two
sons. After 10 years as a rabbi, she
is happy to serve as director of the
Community Adult Education
Center of the Reform Movement
of Canada. Diane Botwick
Greenlee, who works only a few
hours a week, says that her law
degree is collecting dust while she
and her husband, Allen, who is
interning in Washington, DC, raise
their three ,i;irls, Ariel, age 7,
Emilv, aue S, .ind D.ma, age 3. Eric
Hollander, .M.D. is ..ssnciate
the CulleKr nt rhvsiciansand
Surgeons, Columbia University,
and is director of the obsessive
compulsive disorders biological
studies program at the New York
State Psychiatric Institute. He also
was the recipient of the Research
Scientist Development Award
from the Natinna! Institute of
Mental 1 k.ihh .iiul ..I the
us in New York City
Beth S. Fein '79,
rcLtorut Mnabella
\ their 2-year-old son,
Youn.i; I'sn
Award Ik
with his w
productinn dircLt
magazine, and th
Evan. Llewellyn lones lives in
West Roxbury, MA, with his wife,
Alicia, and newborn daughter,
Jessica. Alan S. Katz, M.D.
completed his cardiology
fellowship at New York Hospital,
Cornell Medical Center. He and
his wife, Joyce, have retumed to
New England where he is director
of echocardiography at Miriam
Hospital in riovidenee, RI, and
KdTnuKli -kiitofthe
I! I I I. II ': s, ■ .'-I .Mumni
AssiiL 1,11 mil ,iiul (.h.i 11 person of its
Founder's 1 ).u \^M1 kiekoff event
for the sLhiii'l's \e.ii-long
sesquieentenni.il .mniversary. She
also teaches journalism courses at
Curry College in Milton, MA, and
serves as faculty advisor to the
student newspaper. In addition,
she is a contributing writer to the
book, Nolan Ryan: The Authorized
Pictorial History, and lives in
Wellesley, MA, with her husband,
Ken, and daughters, Kayla and
Rachel. Harold "Harry" Lebowitz,
60 Brantieis Review
'82
M.D. is a partner m Delaware
Ophthalmology Consultants and
clinical assistant professor of
ophthalnic'lno at tlir Temple
School ..I McJuine He
participated in a Mijiinteer eye
surgery expedition m El Salvador
last April and lives in Chadds Ford,
PA, vvJith his wife, psychologist
Penelope Neckowit:, Ph.D. Mary
F. Leslie works at the Leamiii.i;
Centerof the Uni\eiMt\ nl Maine
in Presque Isle vvheie she IiihK lite
challenems. IS kainin:.; iM walk on
Polii
hardly iKh-.v'. in r. ■:.. became so
involved in the computer husiness,
having been in high tech
marketing for over 12 years. She
was married to Richard Langeuin
last August and they live in
Brookline, MA. William Mark
Levinson is a partner in the Los
Angeles law firm of McKenna &
Fitting, specializing in municipal/
corporate financing and leverage
buy-out restructuring. He and his
bride, Carrie Goldstein,
honeymooned in Hong Kong,
Thailand and Bali and celebrated
the birth nl twins. Emilv and
Lauren m 1. iMuir. IN'ter B.
Lichtenili.il ; > st Hills,
NY, an.; uLtorof
markeii: ' i ,.lcr. Vivian
Holhs
house
Istha
. .ill- nieluding
twins Wendv and Misie, is a very
busy one. She has returned to
school for a second master's
degree, this time in education, and
volunteers by teaching music in
both her daughters' nursery and
elementary schools. Lorraine M.
Luger married Dennis Guillaume
in 1980, received her master's in
social work in 1986 from the
University of Connecticut and
works with the homebound elderly
for Connecticut Community Care.
They live in Waterbury, CT, with
their two children, Rebecca, age 8,
and Al.in.il; i ■! " \\ In k she is
involM >i IKS and
syna.O"-' l;c lu i I lr\ man
Medford, NI, and manages fund-
raising and budgeting operations of
this 2.S0-meinber C(ini;ie>;ation.
PaulResimk ; . in-
anesthi^ '^piings,
CA. LauuiKi \. i;,iilil.artislaw
secretji> L>.a\^v. "i.ak State
Supreme Court ludge, specializing
in matrimonial cases. He lives in
the Park Slope area of Brooklyn
with his wife, Beth Weitzman, an
assistant professor at New York
University's Wagner School, and
their two sons, Isaac, age 8, and
Michah, age 4 1/2. Elisa Schindler
lived in the heart of Lincoln Park
near Chicago, IL, where she was
assistant general manager of the 1.
Magnin specialty store on
Michigan Avenue, the Magnificent
Mile. The store closed in June, so
she and her 4-pound Pomeranian,
Muffin, relocated to New York
City where she Loniinues her
retail eaieei with ,\1,r\ s. In 1991,
Jolie Schwab loined Mendien
Hotels, inc. as counsel, and works
three days a week while raising her
three children, Alex, age 6, Emily,
age 2, and Spencer, 8 months. Her
husband, David Hodes '77, is a
partner with The Yarmouth
management firm. They live on
Manhattan's Upper East Side and
spend their weekends skiing and
relaxing in southern Vermont.
Lesley A. Sharp, Ph.D. completed
his doctorate in medical
anthropology at the University of
California at Berkeley in 1990 after
conducting fielJwnrk m
Mada.i;asi,n I le is Iimuk in
Indianapnhs ,ind w mi kin.g at Butler
Universitv, wlieie lie was hired to
start an undergraduate
anthropology program. Susan
Darmon Shwom is working at
Herman Geist, Inc. in Boston and
living in Sharon, MA. Her
husband is involved in drag racing
and appeared in New York City at
Vision Expo in March. Melvin H.
Stoler has been working at the
Gaebler Children's Center in
Wahham, MA, as a clinical social
worker for the past 10 years while
an edueatinn.il eunsiiliant. They
have two children. .Adam, age 4,
and Ari, age 1, who keep them on
their toes. With an eye on the
Boston Marathon, he has also
taken up running. Edward Vien
completed his doctorate in clinical
psychology in 1988 from Pacific
University and is a psychologist in
a group private practice in Oregon.
Andrew P. Warshaw is in general
dental practice with his wife, San
Rosenwein, in Brooklyn, NY,
where they live with their two
children, Serb, age 6, and Sydney,
age 2.
'79
Ruth Strauss Fleischmann, Class
Correspondent, 8 Angier Road,
Lexington, MA 02 17.3
Sydna M. Bernstein completed her
doctorate in psychology while her
husband, Gary Wenick, M.D., has
joined a private practice in
Katonah, NY, where they and their
two children, Libbie and Eliana,
plan to relocate. Rachel Ex
Connelly was promoted to the
rank ot a.ssociate professor of
economics and awarded tenurs
Bowdoin College's governing
boards. Her research focuses oi
> of population, laboi
econometrics. Lisa J. Fruitt has
announced the establishment of
Fruitt Communications in
Cambridge, MA, a strategic
communications firm specializing
in creating integrated programs for
business and professional clients.
She has spent 12 years in corporate
marketing and communications,
including seven years as head of
corporate communications for
Beacon Hotel Corporation. Steven
Greenfield has been president of
Comiiionwe.ilih Tov Company
since 1-- . i : ;.-'-aeliance
enci.ii; .ewinning
Detii.n i Mswriter,
Mitchell IV Mhoii! It the Super
Bowl leremv \. Silverfine and his
wife, Louise Domenitz,
honeymooned in the Northwest
following their marriage in Boston.
'80
Elizabeth M. Champlin, Class
Correspondent, 508.3 West
Place, St. Louis, MO 63108
Craig D. Lapin, M.D. was elected
to fellowship in the American
Academy of Pediatrics following
certification as a specialist in the
field of child health.
'81
Matthew B. Hills, Class
Correspondent, 16 Harcourt, Apt.
3E, Boston, MA 021 16
Ellen Cohen, Class Correspondent,
2004 Crestlane Drive, Smyrna, GA
Elizabeth Taub Breslow lives on
the Upper West Side of Manhattan
with her husband. Rick, and their
new son, Samuel. She is the legal
recruitment administrator at Paul,
Weiss, Pvifkind, Wharton ,<.
uiKeJ Preyiotisly
'■I'd in Ghost and
Ml Christian Slater in
i U .il-ii received an Obie
\u.iidloi hiswnrk mtheoff-
l!i...ulwa\' piiiduetion The Sum of
I - Marc Evan Kutner was
giaduated Iroin the University of
Houston Law Center in l^SS and
practices personal miuiv liti,i;ation
in Houston. He and his wite, Pam,
have a six-month-old dau,t;hier,
(enny. Scott B. Pomerantz is an
ophthalmologist practicin.i; in
Paramus, NI, while his wife, Randi
Neumann Pomerantz '83, is an
attorney practicing m Mornstown,
N|. They live in Park Ridge, NI,
with then new son, Matthew.
'83
Eileen Isbitts Weiss, Class
Correspondent, 456 9th Street #.30,
Hoboken, NI 07030
Marlene S. Besterman has been a
Manhattan assistant district
attorney since her graduation from
Cardozo Law School in 1986. She
works in the trial division as well
as within the sex crimes unit and
lives in Greenwich Village with
her miniature schnauzer, P.I. She
also maintains close relationships
with her buddies from Brandeis—
and yes, she subscribes to the
lustice. Tandy Goldenberg was
graduated finm the Ospondc Hall
Law Sehnnl 111 Tnn.niM in |o,sn,
and has keen pi.ietiLiimlamily law
eversinee Slie liyes m l )ntaiiu
with her husband, Neal Sutton, a
doctor and a lawyer, and their
infant daughter, Leah. Benjamin R.
Schulman completed his tenure as
president of the South Florida
Chapter of the Brandeis Alumni
Association and opened his own
Helen Obermayer is sales director
Elan,, ■.,, ,
,,., 11, ... lesl
le
at The BiKtnn t'lncTil^ Paper.
Sherinau-Ke
ssler IS ., i.iuieel
Previously she eiinipleted a four-
managei in t
inaneiai aid svste
ins
month eiuniaet with /nn-esl, a
at the Eduea
tional Testing Sei
■vice
start-U]^ kii-iness luwspaper, m
in Princeton
, NI She resides I
n
Mosen,., ' "; - Marlene Finn
riamsboio i
VI ^^ ■: n !;, ' ';,,-!
lid.
Rudenii.ii, ..loiwith
thek.n 1 ,.n
KeniiN ,iiid ,'
man
Depailin'ni n, W i ! , , ni;lnrd, CT, a
was elected
music teaehel to 3-^ year-olds, a
jazz band saxophonist and
producer of a variety show that
was televised in lanuary.
61 Summer 1992
Marriages
'85
Date
1967 Gerald Richman to Kate Saiiawcibs
1972 Jay S. Portnoy to Deborah S. Ungerkidt.-
1978 Edward Vien to Vera E. lordan
1979 Jonathan I. Cohen to Joan E. Melvin
Jeremy I. Silverfine to Louise Domcnitz
1980 Edward Z. Frim to Lori Abrams
1981 Helen Obermayer to Eric Myers
1985 Howard Baikovitt to Simone Greenstcii
Daryl B. Gurian to Russell Stern
1986 David M. Brensilber to Bonnie M.
Gittleman '87
Jaime D. Ezratty to Stacey Goldberg
Deborah B. Postelnek to Lawrence G.
Freedman
1987 Deborah A. Sussman to Michael Stephc
Brown
1989 David Erani to Diana Gershon
1990 Drew A. Molotsky to Abigail L. Drexler
October 13, 1990
May 27, 1990
February 28, 1992
June 23, 1991
July 28, 1991
August 25, 1991
June 9, 1991
August 10, 1991
April 11, 1992
November 2, 1991
July 3, 1990
May 24, 1992
Engagements
Class Name
1983 Perrine Robinson to Dr. Eric B. Geller
1986 Julie F. Grasfield to Steven Weil
Gary S. Zel to Antoinette Colarte
1988 Melissa J. Glickman to David M. Mellman
1989 Alyssa I. Sanders to Stephen Comstock
1990 Glen Markowitz to Judl Goldenberg '91
1991 Bonnie Kwitkin to Douglas Goldstein
Lasell College to their board of
overseers. She is a property
manager for Capital Partners, a
real estate management firm in
Brookline, MA, and was named a
President's Councilor at Brandeis
in lanuary. Rita Stein Silver, a
copywriter for Dun & Bradstreet,
lives in New Jersey with her
husband, Scott Silver '84, vice
president for a financial high
technology company, and their
twin sons, Eric and Tyler. David
Bennett Workman was named a
director at the real estate firm of
Joseph Hilton &. Associates. He is
a member of the Real Estate Board
of New York, the Young Men's/
Women's Real Estate Association
and is on the board of the Brandeis
University Alumni Association,
New York City chapter.
'84
Marcia Book, Class Correspondent,
98-01 67th Avenue #14N,
Flushing, NY 1 1374
Martin K. Alintuck managed
media relations efforts for
Democratic presidential candidate
Paul Tsongas's Michigan and
northem California campaign
efforts Susan Hills Goldman,
Michael J. Goldman and their
infant daughter, Sara Nicole, are
living in Forest Hills, NY, where
she works for Liberty Travel. He
works in Manhattan as product
marketing coordinator for
subscription services and
electronic publishing at Facts on
File. Alan D. Schlein was elected
to the board of directors of the
Limousine Operators of
Connecticut, Inc. Lynne Marie
Secatore lives in Cohasset, MA,
with her husband, Peter
Comunale, and their 2-year-old
son, Nicky. She has been a self-
employed consultant for three
years involved with technical
writing for a major mutual fund/
investment firm in Boston. She
writes and designs user manuals,
programming guides and reference
guides for internally-developed and
outside software packages.
Debra Radlaucr, Class
Correspondent, 101 West 90th
Street #19F, New York, NY 10024
Howard Baikovitz was graduated
from the University of Miami
School of Medicine m 1989 and
completed his residency in
internal medicine at Jackson
Memorial Hospital in Miami. In
June, he and his wife, Simone,
moved to Pittsburgh, PA, where he
is a fellow in gastroenterology and
hepatology at the University of
Pittsburgh and she is pursuing her
pharmacy career. Pamela Scott
Chirls is a senior editor for Van
Nostrand Reinhold in New York
City. She and her husband, Stuart,
have moved to Connecticut where
he IS with Tennis magazine.
lUyse Shindler Habbe, Class
Correspondent, 89 Turner Street,
Brighton, MA 02135
Alyse Bass was graduated from
Duke Law School in 1989 and is a
trial attoincv ,11 the US
Departiiuni ol Uimilc, L'lvil
Rights DiviMun, Lniplnvment
Lit
responsible lor enforcing the Civil
Rights Act, which prohibits
employment discrimination on the
basis of race, gender, national
origin and religion, and the
Americans with Disabilities Act,
which prohibits employment
discrimination against disabled
individuals David M. Brensilber
and Bonnie M. Gittleman '87
honeymooned in New Zealand and
Australia, where he tried bungy
jumping. He is a third-year
associate at the law firm of
Gordon, Hurwitz, et al. in New
York City. Jaime D. Ezratty
opened his own office for the
general practice of law in Garden
City, NY. Lawrence G. Freedman
and Deborah Postelnek became
engaged while vacationing in Israel
last August and were married in
May. They live m Manhattan
where he was ordained a rabbi
from Hebrew Union College and
she is an assistant district attorney
in Brooklyn, NY. Janice Hunter
was selected for membership in
the Woolsack Honor Society at
The Dickinson School of Law, the
oldest independent law school in
the country. This organization was
founded in 1920 and recognizes
seniors in the top 15% of their
class for academic excellence.
Jonathan D. Ketness announced
the publication of his first book
with four Harvard Business School
s. Stuck m the Seventies:
113 Things from the 1970's that
Screwed Up the Twentysomething
Generation. It is a humorous
retrospective on the decade that
explores seventies culture and
attempts to explain how John
Travolta, pop rocks and "The
Brady Bunch" have permanently
scarred a generation. Dawn
Weisenberg LaFontaine and her
husband, Chris, are building their
first home in Ashland, MA. She
expects to attain the chartered
financial analysts designation.
Michelle Butensky Scheinthal and
Stephen M. Scheinthal '87 moved
to Cherry Hill, NJ, where she is
developing a teen leadership
program for middle school
students and he is a first-year
psychiatry resident at the
University of Medicine and
Dentistry of New Jersey School of
Osteopathic Medicine.
'87
Christopher Becke, Class
Correspondent, 2401 Arlington
Boulevard, Apt. #77,
Charlottesville, VA 22903
Adam F. Steinlauf, M.D. is
completing his residency in
internal medicine at Columbia-
Presbyterian Hospital in New York
City. His wife, Renee Reich '88,
was graduated from Columbia
Dental School and is doing her
residency in oral pathology. Elisa
Brown Zuckerberg is a territory
representative for Wyeth-Ayerst
Laboratories and lives in Bayside,
NY, with her husband, David, an
emergency room physician.
'88
Susan Tevelow, Class
Correspondent, 268 Grove Street,
Apt. 5, Aubumdale, MA 02166
Kathleen Caproni is a fourth-year
Ph.D. candidate in counseling
psychology at the State University
of New York at Buffalo. She
defended her dissertation last May
and will complete her last year of
clinical training in Kingston, NY.
She also looks forward to settling
in the Catskill/Hudson region
with her two cats and significant
other. Rachel Gubitz Feingold
lives in Atlanta, GA, with her
husband, David, who was
graduated from medical school last
May, and their new daughter,
Gabriella. Pratyoush R. Onta is a
graduate student in history at the
University of Pennsylvania and
returned home to Nepal for
dissertation research on the
country's social history of military
labor markets since the 1 7th
century. He plans to complete his
Ph.D. by May, 1994. Eric A.
Polinsky was graduated cum hiude
62 Brandeis Review
'90
from the New England School of
Law, joined the law firm Polinsky
£< Santos as an associate and was
sworn into the Connecticut bar.
Michael Woznica has returned to
Chicago, IL, after working in
Topeka, KS, as a paralegal for a
trial which lasted six months.
'89
Karen L. Gitten, Class
Correspondent, 35 Crosby Road
2nd Floor, Newton, MA 02167
Amy B. Eisenberg completed her
third year at Mount Sinai Medical
School and says she is enjoying the
study of medicine. Rakesh R.
Rajani earned a master's degree at
Harvard University and worked at
a shelter/soup kitchen for the
homeless before returning to his
hometown of Mwanza, Tanzania.
He is employed as managing
administrator of a large secondary
school and spends his evenings as
a volunteer for street children,
many of whom are orphans
because their parents died of AIDS.
Following two years as a
legislative assistant for a New
York Congressman, Alyssa I.
Sanders is moving from
Washington, DC, to Texas to
pursue a Ph.D. m political science
and feminist theory. From a
January mini-reunion in Austin,
she reports that Edward J. Messina
is receiving a master's degree in
environmental policy from the
University of Vermont and plans
to pursue a J.D. in September, and
Scott Burton is a financial advisor
for Club Med in Hong Kong. Also
present were Evan H. Schwartz
and Sander S. Florman.
ludith Lihhaber, Class
Correspondent, 76S North Shore
Drive, Miami Beach, FL 33161
Jennifer I. Blumenfeld was
graduated from Hahnemann
University with a master's degree
in physical therapy She will t.ikc
the New York st.ite Kurds in
preparation fni wnik in .i Now
YorkCr,! ' . -; ,' llillarvE.
Kcsslei iidvatthe
Colun:, i.nahsmm
the IjII < .iriil s. (,ei\\in a reporter
for the Qunuv, MA, l\itnot
Ledger, regularly covers the
Scituate area and was a guest
lecturer m Professor Stephen
Whitfield's joumalism class at
Brandeis Jeffrey A. Greenbaum is
in his second year at Columbia
Law School. Chandra L.
Pieragostini appeared in A Shciyno
Maidel at the New Repertory
Theatre in Newton, MA. Neil
Spindel lives in Sheepshead Bay,
Brooklyn, where he is a senior
software engineer for Bankers
Trust. He is completing a master's
degree and thesis in computer
science at Brooklyn College.
Grad
Followiii;,!,,, 1-; iM,i,luctlOnol
ShakL^i , :: ./.'About
Nolhr Muli.irl I \ll(isso(B.A.
'74, M I \ , :■,. ,1.' :;ls '871
returned to the Spmguld stage as
guest director of Frank Loesser's
musical fable Guys and Dulls, a
production featuring actors from
Brandeis's Master of Fine Arts
Professional Training Program.
The award-winning director has
worked extensively in the Boston
area for more than 15 years. His
recent directing credits include
TheNerd.mdNni^vs()ffatxhe
Merimi.h !;.;>. ii..;'. I liL.itre, The
Hoil,: ' ^icr Stage
ManiLir: .; ,11 'Au \\>.KcMer
Forum, which the Buston Herald
named one of the vear's Ten Best
of 1990 and will be remounted in
New York. Patricia H. Collins,
Ph.D. (B.A. '69, Ph.D., sociology,
'84), an associate professor of Afro-
American studies at the University
of Cincinnati, won three awards
for her book Black Feminist
Thought: Knowledge,
Consciousness and the Politics of
Empowerment. These included:
the C. Wright Mills Award of the
Society for the Study of Social
Problems, the Letitia Brown
Award granted by the Association
of Black Women Historians and
the Distinguished Publication
Award from the Association for
Women in Psychology, Lynn
Davidman (Ph.D., sociology, '861,
assistant professor of sociology at
the University of Pittsburgh, won
the National Jewish Book Award
for the best book about
contemporary fewish life. The
hook. Tradition m a Rootless
World: Women Turn To Orthodox
Judaism, was based on her
doctoral dissertation. Diane
Disney (Ph.D., Heller School, '89),
director of the Research Center in
Business and Economics at the
University of Rhode Island, was
quoted in an article about the
economic state of Rhode Island in
the Providence Journal Bulletin.
William Dowie (M.A., English, '69)
is professor of English at
Southeastern Louisiana University
and has published his book
entitled Peter Malthiessen. Karen
Wolk Feinstein |Ph,D., Heller
School, '83) was chosen president
of the recently established Jewish
Healthcare Foundation, formerly
called the Montefiore Foundation,
which aids western Pennsylvania
health and education projects. She
formerly served as senior vice
president for resource management
at the United Way of Allegheny
County and continues as a
Unu, M.ili lerrv"
Hokensi-id,!' I' ,i iki School,
'69|, a professui .n ili. M.iiulil
School of AppJRd S,it i,il S, UIKCV
(MSASS) at Cast Wlsuiii Klscivc
University and prcsideiu ul the
North American Region of the
International Association of
Schools of Social Work, was
named Ohio Social Worker of the
Year by the Ohio chapter of the
National Association of Social
Workers. Recognized for his
outstanding service in
international social work, he is
directing a three-year affiliation
between MSASS and Eotvos
Lorand University in Budapest,
Hungary. He also was a Fulbright
research scholar at the Institute of
Applied Social Research, Oslo,
Norwav, a visiting scholar at the
National Institute of Social Work
in London and senior Fulbri.i^ht
ideling program development
activity between Israel and
Holland. He is director of the
Hubert H. Humphrey Institute for
Social Ecology at Ben-Gurion
University of the Negev, an
institution responsible for social
policy research and activities
addressing social issues of
intemational, national and
regional concerns to Israel, Clinton
M. Jeanil'hP, sociok.o, ssl has
pubhslKd his hook, ik /,;;/■/ (,'k'
Eiu.nrnnn I . ,/s III,' \,'.u, h In,
/l/rR.iiiAk',jii(ics, which uniques
traditional social and historical
analysis of African history in favor
of a more .Mrocentric approach. He
[istadl |M.A,
in the Januarv edition ol /,■u■/^/l
Journal. Jeffrey R. Lurie (I'll II ,
Heller School, '87) married
producer Christina Weiss in
Switzerland and honeymooned in
the Seychelles and on safari in
Botswana. Elena Macias (Ph.D.,
Heller School, '861 was named
executive assistant to the
president of California State
University, Long Beach, after
serving as associate vice president
for student services. Her duties
community advisory committee,
legislative relations, work with the
President's Commissions on
Multicultural Education and the
Status of Women and the creation
of a campus self-study of progress
in multicultural diversity. Janet K.
Mancini-Billson (M A '75, Ph D ,
sociology, '76) is director of the
professional development program
at the ^menLln';.Ml..]o..„ ,1
Associuioii M I 1 m
Patricia H. Colhn
63 Summer 1992
Obituaries
'76), professor of gov(
Lehigh University, 15
The Sixties Expencn,
Lessons about Mode
potential college texi
the histories of maii]
of the 1960s with an
of that decade's influence upon
today's world. William A. Novak
(M.A., HonT-tein Prosram, '731 the
Jacob MailcvntKhost writers, has
just sigiiLiI nil t(i pell Ma,i;ic
Johnson's aiimliiuuiaphv He has
previniislv uiiiicn hnnks h.i other
l,ii,i,H,s„,iiiKs iiidudiimLec
LKoiiiaiiJohvci Ni.nh Stephen
(M.A. '86, Ph.D., sociology, '90),
assistant professor of sociology at
Bowdoin College, won a
RocUefeller Foundation grant and
will write a book about eating
disorders and healing processes
among African-American, Latina
and lesbian women of various ages.
Hei fellowship is housed at the
Center for African and Afro-
Am*. Mean Studies at Princeton
UiiivcisitN Donna Yee (Ph.D.,
IIJJLi Sehdiil 90), senior research
associate at the Heller School's
Institute tor Health Policy, is
woiking in conjunction with the
National Association of State
Units on A.;ini; to develop the
Kill
for
111^ I ( Mil t iR The project,
iiulnl In luo niultivear grants
. ini tliL U S Department of
k iltli and Human Services'
dnimistration on Aging, will help
iipkment effective and efficient
ing term eldercare systems at
leal and state levels.
M.
Correction: Inadvertently, the
class years of several alumni
obituaries were either omitted or
mistakenly printed in the Winter
'92 Review. The correct class years
for these individuals are: Burton
Berin.sky '52 and Robert M. Weiss
'60.
Phyllis Hirsth Boyson '54, founder
anddiu', I \ ilh 1 InMien's
Centei .-■!•.. .1
Noveiiil- ' ' I 1 i.inbury
Hospii.il 111' 1 ,1 Inn;/ l-iulewith
leukemia. She was a teacher and
children's literature consultant, an
adjunct professor at several New
Jersey colleges and coeditor of a
special issue of New Era devoted
to children's literature. She also
belonged to the national guiding
committee on multicultural
education for the World Education
Fellowship. In Danbury, she
opened the Children's Center in
1983, exposing children to
literature, drama, dance and
theater, and she organized an
annual Black History Month
Festival. She is survived by her
husband, Bert Boyson, a daughter,
Heidi, a son. Brad, a sister, Lee
Schloss and four nephews. Marilyn
Popkin Goldberg '52 passed away
in January, 1992 at the Baystate
Medical Center in Springfield, MA.
She was the owner of Marilyn
Goldberg Antiques for 20 years and
was a registered medical
technologist who was previously
employed at the New England
Medical Center. She was also
involved in many organizations
including Hadassah and the
National Council of Jewish
Women. She is survived by her
husband. Dr. Sheldon Goldberg,
three children, Michael, Alisa and
Marcy, her father, Julius Popkin,
her sister, Davida Hochberg, and
four grandchildren. Melvin L.
Sokolow '55, a literary agent,
television producer and athlete,
passed away in February of cancer.
He was copublisher of Wamer
Books from 1971 to 1973. He and
his wife then formed Sokolow
Productions, a company which, in
recent years, has moved into film
and television movie production.
He and his partner, Edward
Simmons, were national squash
doubles champions in the veterans
age category and subsequently in
the seniors category in 1989 and
1990. Surviving are his wife,
Diane, a daughter, Betsy, two sons,
Alec and Samuel, and his mother,
Sally Hecker.
lJii.ii III t if.c \\dn,i:.:cinciil and
Social Work Practice He has had
four articles published, including
"Acknowledging Abuse
Backgrounds of Intensive Case
Manageiiunt t lieiiis' in the
Comimii/i/i \Uni.il llcahb
lomnal. Ik spoke at the
Case Management Conference in
Seattle, the armual meeting of the
Council nil Social Work Education
wolldpiellllele In the Los Angeles
Philharmonie leeeived piaise tioni
thei,os.4,r.;e/e. Iliac-. She is ,ilso
SUNY, Stony Brook. Christina
Hoff Sommers (Ph.D., philosophy,
'79), a professor of philosophy at
Claik University m Worcester,
MA, Ke...N>.l :,'i.i:h, ho,,, several
Answers to 1492 Quiz
I d; 2 d Torquemada had an
infamous reputation for cruelty
which derives from the harsh
procedures that he devised for
the Inquisition. He played an
integral role in the expulsion
of the Jews from Spain in
1492: 3 b; 4 a The
Albigenses were a religious
sect in southern France who
believed in the coexistence of
good and evil. They held that
matter was evil and that Jesus
only seemed to have a body:
5d;6a:7c:8c:9b:l0d:
II a; 12a: 13b; I4a: I5b;
16 b; 17 b The edict to
enforce the conversion of the
Moorish population of
southern Spain did not occur
until 1502; 13 c; 19 c Also
known as measles and
smallpox, they made their first
epidemic appearance
throughout the 1520s. a
decade or so before Pizarro
and Almagros conquest of the
Incas; 20 a; 21 d; 22 d; 23 a;
24 c; 25 c: 26 a: 27 b; 28 c:
29 d: 30 c He painted the
papal apartments for Pope
Alexander VI between 1492
and 1494 and these frescoes
are still visible today. The
rooms now house the Vatican
Collection of IVIodern
Religious Art: 31 c The style
of painting favored by Queen
Isabella is called Hispano-
Flemish. As early as 1428-
1429, the renowned Flemish
painter Jan van Eyck visited
the Iberian peninsula and
since that time Flanders has
served as a major source of
artistic influence: 32 b
Chinese art is generally
categorized according to
imperial dynasties. Ming
emperors ruled China from
1 368 to 1 644; 33 d Lorenzo
de' Medici was also known as
Lorenzo the Magnificent and
was head of the great Medici
banking family of Florence:
34 b: 35 b; 36 d
64 Brandeis Review
Thought Food
Hatch & Co.
P.O. Box 4075
Huntington Beach, CA 92605
714-39^1610
Hatch & Co. presents an exclusive selection of reading across a variety of interests. Any
choice adds your name to our mailing list of new books and special purchase
opportunities. You'll find only the most valuable of titles among our selections in an
effort to provide thought provoking and, indeed, stimulating reading experiences.
Economics On Trial- Lies, Myths, and Realities by Mark Skousen, Ph.D
Japan & Germany Win World War Ill-not a war of armaments, but a war of commerce,
finance and economic prowess. Their secret formula multiplies wealth so rapidly that
they will achieve their goal of worid domination by the year 2000. Where can you
discover this little-known formula for rapid wealth creation? Unfortunately, it is hardly
taught in the US. Establishment economists spend more time on the dismal economies
of the Soviet Union and China than on those of Japan and Germany. For 50 years,
Americans have been using the wrong model for financial prosperity! Our model is
so defective that the US is rapidly becoming a 3rd-rate power, entangled in recession,
a banking crisis, out-of-control budgets, constantly rising prices, and a failing
education system. Dr. Skousen examines the economic miracle of Japan, Taiwan,
Hong Kong, Singapore, and Korea and shows how Germany uses a similar model. "It
is a model anyone can use. ..your business and your investments-even your career-can
grow like never before." Hardcover, 314 pages, charts and illustrations. $24.95
Desert Mirage me true story or the gulf war by The Color Code by Taylor Hartman, Ph.D.
Martin Yant. Graphic, overwhelming evidence of the I Take this simple test and discover the real you.
appallmg hypocnsy and deception of the Persian Gulf ; Enjoy the incredibly accurate insights and leam
War. Journalist Yant pieces together a convmcmg case
that Desert Storm was actually a deviously planned
Desert Mirage with far more causes and consequences
than the public could ever imagine. Forward by Senator
John Glenn. Hardcover, 222 pages, photos, $19.95
Presumed Guilty when innocent people are wrongly
CONVICTED by Martin Yant. The author exposes a fast-
growing problem caused by "the desire of police and
prosecutors to 'win' convictions at any price." You
could easily spend your life in prison simply by being
mistaken for a criminal. Courageously examined and
thoroughly documented. "Harrowing revelations'-LA
Times. Hardcover, 231 pages, photos, $23.95
Called To Serve by James "Bo" Gritz The definitive
account of a nation betrayed A web of "secret
combinations of patriots for profit at the highest
positions of. .trust" cause our ConstituUon to "hang by
a thread" Powerful words by the most decorated
Special Forces Commander in Viet Nam. Gritz recounts
inspiring combat experiences, trips into Laos after sited
POW"s, his meetings with drug lord Khun Sa in Burma
and the US Government's attempts to keep the amazing
things he learned from you. Written in an honest,
hard-hitting soldier's style with an analysis of the JFK
assassination. The Intelligence Community out of
control. Hardcover, 850 pages, (165+ illus), $24.95
what really motivates you and the people in your
life. Fun, easy reading, packed with personal
examples. Never again see yourself, relationships,
or life the same. Hardcover, 227 pages, $19.95
The Character Code by Taylor Hartman, Ph.D.
While many professionals offer complicated \*^S_
theories. Dr. Hartman provides a clear road map
becoming your best self and developing a balan
character. Powerful and captivating companioi
The Color Code. Hardcover, 193 pages, $19.95
H
Feel The Fear And Do It Anyway by Susan
Jeffers, Ph.D. Have ditticulty making decisions?'
Does fear keep you from experiencing life? Dr.
Jeffers' book is filled with concrete ways to turn
passivity into assertiveness. Paper, 227 pages, $9.00
Dare To Connect reaching out in romance,
FRIENDSHIP, AND THE WORKPLACE by Susan Jeffers,
Ph.D. Empowering in its ability to end feelings of
isolation and loneliness and create a sense of
belonging anywhere we go. We never need to feel
alone. Hardcover, 240 pages, $18.00
THE RA TING GUIDE TO life In A merica 's Small Cities
by G. Scott Thomas. Climate, ^ — — ^ — —
Education, Environment, Health Economics On Trial
Care ..All there is to know about I
the 219 micropolitan alternatives
to US metropolitan hassles. |
Profiles and report cards.
Paper, 538 pages, $18.95 I
I
At Least Our Bombs Are Getting Smarter by
Tom Toles. Wry, irreverent and always
penetrating, Toles work appears in over 175 news-
I papers and magazines. Pictorial satire conveyed
' with a "biting wit."' Paper, 133 pages, $9.95
i»
^
The Color Code
The Character Code
Called To Sen/e
Desert Mirage
Presumed Guilty
#2; Order Mark Skousen's Economics On Trial by j peel The Fear And Do It
itselt or with other books and pay nettling for I
-^= Triple-Bonus Special =-
*/. Order ANY COMBINATION of three or more I
books and take a $2 per book discount -or- .
shipping and handling on the entire ortler, AND
receive two free report^ The Asian Formula for
Financial Success , the latest techniques Asians are
using to achieve prosperity and The Seven Most
Dangerous Economic Myths on Wall Street,
exploding the popular fallacies heard in the financial o„n,„nur .
media and on Wall Street -or- \ ^^^^^
#J.-Cornbine #l-Order Dr. Skousens book and | ga^h additional Book..
any 2 others and take the $2 discount on each book
AND pay nothing for S&H on the .
Dare To Connect
America's Small Cities
At Least Our Bombs...
1st Book...
$24.95 [ Please rush the selections I've made. I have
~ enclosed the proper amount plus shipping and
1 9.95 I 1 handling. I understand that if I'm not delighted
with any book, for any reason. I may return it
19.95 I I in new condition for a prompt and full refund.
24 95 I ! */n'''"0'"''«!ring3ormorebook5andukir
^ni ^I'm ordering Ectmomics On Triat and ;
1 9 95 1 I — ^entire order no matter how many other t
^3J ^I'm ordering Economics On Trial and two or more others and|
oo Qc I I — ^taking the $2 per book discount and paying nothing for S&H.
Enclosed is a check or money order for: $
Please Print Clearly: Phone '
he $2 per boo
9.00
18.00
18.95
9.95
3.50
2.00
Name
Address
City
Zip
I Hatch & Co. P.O. Box 4075 Huntington Beach, CA, 92605 7l4-396-l6l0 ^
Poetry by
Timothy Steele, Ph.D. 77
Practice
The basketball you walk around the court
Produces a hard, stinging, clean report.
You pause and crouch and, after feinting, swoop
Around a ghost defender to the hoop
And rise and lay the ball in off the hoard.
Solitude, plainly, is its own reward.
The game that you've conceived engrosses you.
The ball rolls off; you chase it down, renew
The dribble to the level of your waist.
Insuring that a sneaker's tightly laced.
You kneel — then, up again, weave easily
Through obstacles that you alone can see.
And so I drop the hands I'd just now cupped
To call you home. Why should I interrupt!
Can I be sure that dinner's ready yetf
A jumpshot settles, snapping, through the net;
The backboard's stanchion keeps the ball in play.
Returning it to you on the ricochet.
A Shore
It's pastoral enough — the flat, slick sand;
The towel draped round the neck, as if a yoke;
The toppling waves; the sunset, as it smoulders
And drains horizonwards, fiery, baroque:
The young girl sitting on her father's shoulders.
Directing his attention here and there,
Her ankles held and her unpointing hand
Contriving a loose pommel of his hair.
Here strollers pass, pant legs rolled up like sleeves,
Shoes hanging over shoulders, laces tied.
While godwits — rapier bills upcurved — peruse
Bubbles beneath which burrowed sand crabs hide.
Though hardly anyone these days conceives
That this is where the known meets the unknown.
The ocean still transmits its cryptic news
By means of a conch's ancient cordless phone.
And night will put an end to pastorals.
A crescent moon will cup its darker sphere.
The waves will crash in foam and flood up through
The forest of the piles below the pier.
Alone, archaically, the sea will brew
Its sundry violence beyond the shore.
Beyond the sweeping beam, where heaving swells
Of kelp-beds wage titanic tugs-of-war.
Youth
A dead oak's branches hold a nest
(Abandoned now) that ospreys built.
He wades the river; slow clouds spread
At each step from the bottom's silt.
Or, his shirt bunched beneath his head.
He drowses as the breeze falls slack.
And feels the grass he lies on pressed
In complex patterns on his back.
Though summer seems to pause with its
Hypnotic sluggishness and drouth.
Downstream a railway bridge extends
Across the estuary's mouth;
And, while the sliding water blends
Mercurial, flashing, glob-like fires.
Above the bridge a lineman sits
High in his seat-sling, working wires.
Dependent Nature
The worker hovers where the jade plant blooms.
Then settles on a blossom to her taste;
Her furred and black-and-yellow form assumes
A clinging curve by bending from the waist.
So, too, the sweetpeas, climbing on their net.
Cast virile-wrapping tendrils as they flower.
Not need they shield themselves from a regret
Of the dependent nature of their power.
They're spared the shrewd self-mockery of the sage
Attuned to limits and disparity.
They're spared the sad mirth serving those who gauge
The gap between the longed-for and the real.
Who grasp provisional joy, who must not be
Desolate, however desolate they feel.
For article on poetry by
Timothy Steele, see page 28.
mi
1-
-P:'
y^^J
^^v-
^f'-^'.^
t^*^ -'
ts^
'm.
^Wi^^m^m
-m
^^'^M\^^.'^^m^^^
.^¥d
^ ANDEIS UNIVERSm
[^ N0Vt5f9«J
UMflAAY
Lisa Gets a
Kick
out of Brandeis '
Studying, writing an honors thesis,
working 1") hours a week al a
campus job and calling alumni lor
the student phonathon keeps
Lisa DeCourcey '93 prett)' busy!
As president of tlie Kokondo clul)
and a brown belt, she finds time
to lead self-defense workshops
on campus.
lou make i^iaa a i.i
experience possible.
Scholai'ships and financial aid an
fimdamental to the strength and
quality of die student body;
45 percent of Brandeis students
receive need-based financial
assistance uitli an average total
award of $16,470. Your gift
to die Brandeis Aimual Fmid
can help complete the financial
aid package for gifted
students Uke Lisa, as well
as suppoit faculty salaries and
special programs.
For further uifomiation or
to make a gift, please contact
the Annual P luid Office at
617-736-4040.
Enrich the Experience:
Support the
Brandeis Annual Fund
Enrich the Experience:
Please consider
a gift to the
Brandeis Annual Fimd
ideis Review
Number 2
■nior vice
the future at a
andeis's history
Brenda Marder
10
ally
Palestinian
)ciety?
measures the
in society
Phihppa Strum '59
20
r expulsion
west and to the
Benjamin Ravid '57
26
loved one
1 An innovative
or direct
1 vastly improve
lals care for
Patricia Gordon Lamanna '70
32
nissionary,
r: the many faces
are
Benigno Sanchez-Eppler
36
^^^^^^^
^^^^^^
■ •' jT^
- T-fsf^
Around the University
41 Class Notes
Faculty Notes
Lisa Gets a
Kick
out of Brandeis
Studying, wiiting an honors thesis,
working 15 hours a week at a
cainpns job and calling alumni for
the student phonathon keeps
I jsa De('oiirce\ '*^3 |)roll\ l)ii^\ '
\^pi.-H(lrnlnl ihi kokoihloJlll.
and a l.iown ix li die IiikI- Iiiik
to lead ■.(•ll-«lclcM--c wotk-hop
on canipii^
You make Lisa's Brandeis
experience possible.
Scholarsliips and financial aid ,iii
fimdamental to die strength .md
quality of the student body;
45 percent of Brandeis students
receive need-based financial
assistance wth an average total
award of $16,470. Your^gil't
to the Brandeis Aiuiual Fund
can help complete the financial
aid package for gifted
students like Lisa, as well
as support facidt)- salaiies and
special progi-ams.
For further infonnation or
to make a gift, please contact
die Annual Fund Offici^ at
617-736-4040.
%
^
Yes, the Brandeis Annual Fund can count on my support.
I have enclosed my gift of $ , payable
to Brandeis University.
Cornerstone Contributors Circle
Scholar's Club
Dean's Club
Provost's Club
Justice Brandeis Society
Member
The Castle Club
The Emet Club
The President's Circle
The Supreme Court
for
unrestricted use
other
$100-$249
$250-$499
$500-$999
$1.000-$2,499
$2,500-$4,999
$5,000-$9,999
$10,000-$24.99
$25,000 +
Home Address
Business Address
Business Phone
Corporate matching gift programs can double or triple the
value of your contribution to Brandeis.
My/my spouse's company participates in a corporate
matching gift program.
Name of company (Please enclose a completed matching gift
form, available from your company's personnel or contributions
.-•Ifice.)
You can make a gift without writing a check: gifts of
securities are credited at full market value and may
realize additional tax savings. Many gifts can also be
designed to pay you income. To find out more, call the
Annual Fund office at; 617-736-4040.
Enrich the Experience:
Support the
Brandeis Annual Fund
Brandeis Review
The Brandeis Review
Interviews
Jehuda Reinharz, Ph.D.
and Dan Mansoor
'72,
Two University senior vice
presidents discuss the future at a
critical point in Brandeis's history
Brenda Marder
10
The Women Are Marching
Did the intifada really
make a change in Palestinian
women's role in society?
A Brandeis alum measures the
mores of Palestinian society
Phihppa Stnmi '59
20
The Sephardim:
Odyssey of a People
Spanish Jews: their expulsion
and journeys east, west and to the
New World
Benjamin Ravid '57
26
A New Program
for Direct Care Practice
Have you placed a loved one
in residential care? An innovative
training program for direct
care workers could vastly improve
the way professionals care for
their clients
Patricia Gordon Lamanna '70
Christopher Columbus in
History and the Novel
Sailor, navigator, missionary,
explorer and slayer: the many faces
of this historic figure
Benigno Sanchez-Eppler
Around the University
41 Class Notes
Faculty Notes
Brandeis Review
Editor
Design Director
lirenda Mardcr
Charles Dunham
Vice President
Senior Designer
ror Public Affairs
Sara Beniaminsen
David Rosen
Distribution/
Editorial Assistants
Coordination
Veronica Blacquier
Nancy Maitland
Elizabctli McCarthy
Review Photographer
Student Assistant
lulian Brown
Stacy Lcfkowitz '93
Staff Photographer
Heather Pillar
Brandeis Review
Ex-Officio
Advisory Committee
1992
Teresa Amabile
Brcnda Marder
Gerald S. Bernstein
Editor,
Edward Engclberg
Brandeis Review
Irvinj; R, Epstein
LuriGans'8.!,M.M.H.S.'86
David Rosen
lanct Z- Gicle
Vice President for
|eltreyGolland'61
Public Affairs
Lisa Berman Hills '82
Michael Kalafatas '65
Innathan Maigolis '67
Arthur H. Reis, Jr.
Adncnne Rosenblatt '61
Stephen |. Whitfield,
Ph.D. '72
Unsolicited manuscripts
Postmaster:
are welcomed by the
Send address changes
editor. Submissions must
to Brandeis University
be accompanied by
Brandeis Review
a stamped, self-addressed
P.O. Box 91 10
envelope or the
Waltham, Massachusetts
Review will not return
02254-91 10
the manuscript.
Opinions expressed
Send to: The Editor,
in the Brandeis Review
Rrondeia Review
are those of the
Brandeis University
authors and not
P.O. Box 91 10
necessarily of the Editor
Waltham, Massachusetts
or Brandeis University.
02254-9110
©1992 Brandeis Umversity
Hwnclei^ Review.
Office of Publications
Volume 1 2
Department
Numbcr2, Fall 1992
of Public Affairs
Brandeis Review
(ISSN 0273-7175]
Universitv Magazine
is published by
NflworA-
Brandeis University
National Advertising
P.O. Box 9110
Representative:
Waltham, Massachusetts
Fox Associates, Inc.
02254-9110
347 Fifth Avenue
with free distribution to
Suite #1307
alumni, students,
New York, NY 10016
Trustees, (riends, parents
, 212-725-2106
faculty and staff.
FAX 212-779-1928
As we draft this column, we are
watching the cars steaming onto
campus, some of them almost
dragging bottom, laden with
returning students and their
companions — stalwart parents,
sulky, younger siblings or hilarious
classmates. Next to the Brandeis
Review office stand Ziv dormitories.
Staggering to the doors of Ziv,
people unload trunks, sacks, tennis
rackets, skis, jumbled electrical
paraphemaHa and objects that defy
identification. From below, carried
through our windows on the fresh
September breeze, come shrieks of
greetings from classmates who
haven't seen each other for months.
From the same window, we can
enjoy the grassy, flower-strewn hills
stretching up campus and watch the
huge maples and oaks sway, still
thickly covered in summer leaf.
These are lucky ones. This is a safe
place for them to study and
mature... a haven far from the
ominous events of the past summer
that have tom civilization to shreds
in what was a short while ago
Yugoslavia; remote from the terror
perpetrated by neo-Nazis in
Germany; light years away from the
starvation that stalks Somalia;
distant even from the tragedies of
inner cities and other parts of our
own country.
More than a few Brandeis students
have grown up in the turmoil of the
inner cities and other depressed
areas in the United States; others
have suffered in their native
countries and have left behind
family members who live perilous
lives. You can distinguish members
of this latter group: they arrive
carrying less and usually alone.
These citizens from different realms
would, in an ideal world, listen
carefully to one another, share their
thoughts and their experiences.
What a rich world of humanity this
peaceful campus encloses! What an
extraordinary education one can
gain from just reaching out!
In this issue, which touches quite a
bit on diversity. Provost Jehuda
Reinharz leads off in an interview
with the Brandeis Review, stressing
the globalization of the campus and
discussing Brandeis's history, its
present and future. In a companion
piece. Senior Vice President for
Development and Alumni Relations
Dan Mansoor tells how the
operation he heads will work to
attract donors to the fine work
accomplished here.
Alumna Philippa Strum has a
profound interest in cultural issues.
She presents her research on the
Palestinian women of the intifada,
their gains and losses, as they
struggle for rights and recognition in
their own repressive society.
Professor Benjamin Ravid, a scholar
on Jewry in early modem times,
traces the Sephardic Jews from 1492
as they wandered from Spain across
Europe and North Africa and finally
to the New World; the welter of
cultures that surfaces in this story is
staggeringly diverse. Assistant
Professor Benigno Sanchez-Eppler
looks at this same era to expose the
many faces of Columbus: culture or
history, he concludes, is in the eyes
of the beholder. Closer to home, in
New York state, alum Patricia
Lamanna describes an irmovative
program in direct care that could
vastly improve the plight of
residential patients.
We hope the Brandeis Review
serves to illuminate the spirit of the
University.
Brenda Marder
The Editor
Around the University
William Jencks
Elected Member of
The Royal Society
Brandcis University
biochemist William P. Jencks,
Gyula and Katica Tauber
Professor of Biochemistry
and Molecular
Pharmacodynamics, was
elected a fellow of The Royal
Society, based in London, and
was chosen for the 1993
ASBC-Merck Award from the
Merck Sharp and Dohme
Research Laboratories
division of Merck &
Company, Inc. Jencks has
been a member of the
biochemistry department at
Brandeis for the past 35 years.
Founded in 1660 for the
preservation of the natural
sciences. The Royal Society is
the oldest organization of its
kind in Great Britain and one
of the oldest in Europe. The
purpose of the ASBC-Merck
Award in Biochemistry is to
recognize and stimulate
outstanding research in
biochemistry and to identify
significant contributions to
the advancement of
biomedical research.
Jencks received his M.D.
from Harvard Medical School
m 1951. Before coming to
Brandeis he was a research
fellow at Massachusetts
General Hospital and in
Harvard University's
chemistry department. He
also served as chief of the
Department of
Pharmacology, Army
Medical Service Graduate
School, at Walter Reed Army
Medical Center in
Washington, DC. He was a
Guggenheim Memorial
Foundation Fellow and is a
member of the National
Academy of Sciences, a
fellow of the American
Association for the
Advancement of Science, and
a councilor of the American
Chemical Society. He wrote
with two of his colleagues
the 1992 book. Biochemistry.
Wilham P. jLiick,. CyuL: uiiJ
Katicd Taubei Professor of
Biochemistry and Molecular
Pharmacodynamics
Stuart Altman
Stepping down as
Dean of
The Heller School
Abba Eban on
Campus
As part of Founders' Day
1992, Abba Eban, former
Israeli ambassador to the
United Nations and the
United States, gave the
keynote address at the
dedication of the Jacob and
Libby Goodman Institute for
the Study of Zionism. The
institute is the first of its
kind in North America and
is organized under the
auspices of the Tauber
Institute for the Study of
European Jewry, a center for
advanced Judaic studies with
special interests in the study
of the Holocaust, the history
of Zionism and the State of
Israel. Other campus
celebrations included a
ground breaking ceremony
for the Benjamin and Mae
Volcn National Center for
Complex Systems and a
Founders' Day reception and
dinner dance. Full coverage
of the events will appear in
the next issue of the
Brandeis Review.
Stuart H. Altman, dean of
The Florence Heller
Graduate School for
Advanced Studies in Social
Welfare at Brandcis
University since 1977, has
announced he will step down
as dean after the fall
semester to devote his full
energies to teaching and
promoting national health
care reform. He will remain
on The Heller School faculty
as the Sol C. Chaikin
Professor of National Health
Policy.
Under Airman's deanship,
The Heller School created
the Brandeis Institute for
Health Policy, launched a
master's program in human
services management,
increased its research 10-fold
and expanded its Ph.D.
program. President Samuel
O. Thier said a nationwide
New Faculty
Appointed
search will be conducted for
a new dean, but that it will
be hard to find a replacement
of Altman's caliber. The
search is being coordinated
by a 10-member committee
chaired by Professor Saul
Touster, who holds
appointments at The Heller
School and in the School of
Arts and Sciences and heads
the Legal Studies Program.
As one of the country's
leading health care
economists, Altman has held
senior policy positions in
three presidential
administrations and is
serving his third term as
chair of the federal
Prospective Payment
Assessment Commission,
which advises Congress on
the operation of the Medicare
hospital payment system. As
a result of testifying
frequently before
congressional committees
and speaking out through the
media and other public
forums, several private
foundations have asked him
to head up national reform
efforts. Altman plans to work
with the Robert Wood
Johnson Foundation to
address some of the problems
associated with health care
cost containment.
■ i? 11 fUII.1
Stuart Altman,
Sol C. Chaikin Professor of
National Health Policy
Among the new faculty
appointed this fall are an
artist, a well-known literary
critic, a photojoumalist and
writer, a former ambassador
to the United States and an
award-winning poet. Thomas
Vu Daniel was bom in
Saigon and comes to
Brandeis as the Saltzman
Visiting Artist in Fine Arts.
In recent years, Daniel, a
painter and printmaker, has
exhibited his work in
galleries and museums in
New York, Texas, California
and Mexico, and has taught
at Cornell University,
Bennington College, Vassar
College and Yale University
School of Art. He received
the Rudy Montoya
Scholarship, the Young
Emerging Artist Award, the
Judges Award from the
University of Texas at El
Paso and the El Paso
Museum of Fine Arts' Best of
Show Award. He received his
Grant Awarded to
Strengthen
Science Education
M.F.A. in painting/
printmaking from Yale and
his B.F.A. in painting/
printmaking from the
University of Texas at El
Paso.
Wai Chee Dimock has
earned a reputation for
interpreting literary texts in
the context of their historical
period and intellectual
climate. Her book. Empire
for Liberty: Melville and the
Poetics of Individualism.
won acclaim for shedding
new light on Melville's
novels by viewing them as
being interconnected and as
products of the culture from
which they came. Dimock,
associate professor of English
and American literature,
received her bachelor's
degree from Harvard
University and her Ph.D.
from Yale University and has
served on the faculties of
Yale University, Rutgers
University and the
University of California, San
Diego. She was the Prize
Teaching Fellow at Yale, an
American Council of
Learned Societies Fellow and
a New Jersey Governor's
Fellow in Humanities. She is
Funded by a $1.4 million,
five-year grant from the
Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, minority students
from Howard University and
the University of Puerto Rico
will be coming to Brandeis to
work in research laboratories
as part of an expansive new
program to bolster
undergraduate science and
mathematics education. The
grant is composed of three
interconnected initiatives to:
encourage integrated
teaching of calculus, physics,
chemistry and quantitative
methods; enhance biology
courses and bolster the
teaching of statistics; and add
a teacher-researcher in
biostatistics and human/
mammalian genetics.
To increase participation of
undergraduates in research,
Brandeis will establish a
Howard Hughes Fellowship
program that will provide
fmancial support to 20
students annually who will
conduct research projects
with Brandeis faculty and
participate in evening
discussions with biology
faculty to stress the
nnportancc of mathematical
and physical sciences to
biology. The new faculty
member will develop and
teach courses in biostatistics
and human genetics and will
provide research
opportunities for
undergraduates interested in
the growing field of human/
mammalian genetics.
4 Brandeis Review
Susan Moeller, assistant
professor of American
studies, left, and Dessima
Williams, Ziskind Visiting
Associate Professor in
Sociology, right
working on another book,
Symbolic Equality: Political
Theory. Law. and American
Literature.
Susan D. Moeller, assistant
professor of American
studies, is heading the
University's new journalism
program. Since 1990, she has
worked as a writer,
consultant, designer and
photographer for The Atlanta
Journal/Constitution-. Ms.-.
Museum and Arts: the
National Organization for
Women; Seattle Times-, the
Smithsonian Institution,- The
Washington Post:
Washingtonian; WGBH
Public Television; World
Monitor Magazmc: and the
World Wildlife Fund. She has
written three books; A Study
Guide to American History,
Shooting the War:
Photography and the
American Experience in
Combat and But Can She
Type? A History of Women
Clerical Workers. Her
academic experience
includes positions as a
visiting assistant professor in
the history department at
Pacific Lutheran University
in Tacoma, Washington, and
as Fulbright Professor in
1990-91 at Ramkhamhaeng
University, Bangkok,
Thailand, and at Quaid-I-
Azam University, Islamabad,
Pakistan. Moeller received a
bachelor's degree from Yale
University, an M.A. degree in
history from Harvard
University and a Ph.D. from
Harvard in the history of
American civilization. She
has received eight
fellowships and awards.
The writing of Thylias Moss,
the English department's
Fannie Hurst Poet-in-
Residence, has been
recognized in the past decade
with 15 honors and awards,
earning her distinction not
only as a poet, but also as a
fiction writer and playwright.
Last year alone, she won the
Whiting Writer's Award,
Dewar's Profiles
Performance Artists Award
for Poetry and the Witter
Bynner Prize of American
Academy & Institutes of
Arts and Letters to a
distinguished younger poet.
For the third consecutive
time, she also won the Best
American Poetry prize, for
"Lunchcounter Freedom."
Her work has eamed her
giants from the National
Endowment for the Arts, the
Massachusetts Artists'
Foundation and the Kenan
Charitable Trust. Moss has
been an instructor at the
University of New
Hampshire and Phillips
Academy and was a visiting
professor at the University of
New Hampshire last year.
She received her bachelor's
degree from Oberlin College
and her master's from the
University of New
Hampshire.
Dessima M. Williams holds a
three-year appointment as
the Ziskind Visiting
Associate Professor in
Sociology. The Grenada-bom
political scientist, who had
been teaching at Williams
College since 1988, has a
varied background that has
taken her from the classroom
at a Grenadan convent for
girls to the forefront of that
country's international
diplomacy. From 1979 to
1983, Williams served as
ambassador/permanent
representative to the
Organization of American
States; ambassador/delegate
to the United Nations; and
alternate permanent
representative to the Inter-
American Commission lor
Women. During that time
she also was head of mission
at Grenada Diplomatic
Mission in Washington, DC,
with responsibility for
implementing Grenada's
civil service and financial
regulations. She was dean of
Grenada's diplomatic corps
from 1979 to 1983.
Williams's many writings
qualify her as an authority on
the United States' invasion
of Grenada and that island's
revolution. For Grenada
Foundation Inc. she prepared
"Grenada Five Years Later:
An Investigation of Post-
Invasion Grenada" and she
coauthored In Nobody's
Backyard, a two-volume
documentary of the Grenada
Revolution. She has been a
member of the U.S.
Congressional Black Caucus
Fellowship, is a member of
Oxfam-America's board of
advisors and is a board
member of the People's
Permanent Tribunal, a
Rome-based international
human rights organization.
In 1988 she received the
Omni Award to a
Distinguished Black Woman
from the International Black
Women's Association.
Williams received a
bachelor's degree in
international relations from
the University of Minnesota
and a master's degree m
international development
from The American
University, where she is
working on her Ph.D.
Announced in the summer
issue of the Brandeis Review
was the appointment of
Antony Polonsky as
professor of modem East
European Jewish history in
the Department of Near
Eastern and Judaic Studies.
Women's Studies
Program to Offer
Graduate Degree
Brandeis Welcomes
Class of 1996
Genetic
Counseling
Training Program
under Way
Brandeis's new two-year
genetic counseling program
began this fall. The program
is the only one of its kind in
New England and was
established to meet a
growing demand for
counselors trained in medical
genetics who can advise
families that may be at risk
for genetic disorders.
Students will combine
courses in biology, human
genetics, counseling and law
and social policy with
fieldwork and clinical
trammg in facilities serving
children and young adults
with developmental
disabilities. The relatively
new field of genetic
counseling grew up to bridge
a communications gap
between doctors, geneticists
and individuals and families
seeking to make genetic
choices.
This fall, Brandeis joined one
of a handful of universities in
offering a graduate program in
the interdisciphnary field of
women's studies. The
program offers doctoral
students a joint master's
degree in women's studies
and their selected field as
they work toward their
doctoral degree. Graduate
students at The Heller School
and in music, sociology,
comparative history. Near
Eastern and Judaic Studies,
anthropology, psychology,
English, American
civilization and the Joint
Program in Literary Studies
are eligible. To help structure
the program, women's studies
director Shulamit Reinharz
Freshman
Assembly Centers
on Poverty and
Race in the United
States
has established the National
Board for Women's Studies,
comprised of 25 women and
men who are committed to
Brandeis and to women's
studies scholarship and
activities. Reinharz expects
the graduate program will
soon offer master's degrees to
students not enrolled in
Ph.D. programs and believes
the interdisciplinary
degree will enhance learning
while making students
more marketable when
seeking jobs.
The Class of 1996 arrived on
campus this fall from almost
every state in the nation and
34 foreign countries. The 775
men and women were
chosen from an applicant
pool that was two percent
larger and has 15 more
members than last year's
freshman class. Included in
the new class are 58 foreign
students, some from
countries such as Croatia,
Estonia and Russia, and
triplets from Austria join
their sister, a senior, as
Brandeis students. Half of the
12 Wien Scholarship
students are from former Iron
Curtain countries and 42
Soviet emigrants have
entered Brandeis this fall.
Women slightly outnumber
men in this class and
minority students make up
13.5 percent.
This past June, Provost
Jehuda Reinharz, Ph.D. '72
mailed all incoming
freshmen letters asking them
to read two books. There Are
No Children Here, by Alex
Kotlowitz of the Wall Street
lournal, and The
Dispossessed: A History of
America's Underclasses
from the Civil War to the
Present, by Jacqueline Jones,
Truman Professor of
American Civilization at
Brandeis. In a break from
traditional orientation
routine, members of the
Class of 1996 assembled in
September with some of the
University's most
distinguished faculty
members to debate and
discuss poverty and race in
the United States. In his
letter, Reinharz expressed
the hope that reading these
two books will stimulate
students to search for justice.
The discussion of the issues
will continue into the fall as
approximately 30 faculty
members will meet with
students in residence halls.
Innio Thomas '96 makes a
inni]t at the freshman
convocation
Brandeis Review
students,
President Thier
Rally on Behalf off
Shen Tong '91
op mjim
Shen Tong
In response to concern about
Shen Tong '91, a prominent
student dissident who fled
China after the democracy
movement was suppressed in
1989, President Samuel O.
Thier wrote letters to
Senator John Kerry, Senator
Edward Kennedy and
Representative Edward
Markey. In these letters he
urged them to inquire
through the state department
about Shen's status and take
whatever other steps were
necessary to assure his safety
and fair treatment. Shortly
thereafter some 200 students
staged a rally at Usdan
Student Center to support
Shen and demand his release.
Shen had returned to China
in early August at the
specific invitation of Chmcsc
leaders and spent the first
three weeks in the south and
central provinces, contacting
dissidents and advocates of
pluralism within the ruling
elites. After that, he went to
Beijing, where he was
arrested at his mother's
home. On the day of his
arrest in September, he had
scheduled a news conference
announcing plans for a
Democracy for China Fund
office in Beijing. He was
released on October 24 and
returned to Boston.
President Thier
Receives
Honorary Degree
President Samuel O. Thier
has accepted an honorary
doctorate from the Medical
College of Pennsylvania.
With a student body of 455
students, the college is
located in Philadelphia and
operates a teaching hospital.
Among the other honorary
degree recipients is Louis
Sullivan, secretary of the
Department of Health and
Human Services.
Obituary
Faculty members meeting for
the first time this fall stood
in a moment of silence in
memory of the late Max
Lemer, the noted writer who
taught at Brandeis from 1 949
to 197.^. Lemer was 89 when
he died m New York on
June 5.
Lemer earned an
undergraduate degree in
literature from Yale and a
Ph.D. from Brookings in
1927. Then, he began an
extraordinarily productive
career as a journalist, scholar
and teacher.
"I have never known anyone
who embodied the buoyancy
and sense of hope embedded
in American culture more
than Max Lemer," said
Lawrence H. Fuchs, Meyer
and Walter Jaffe Professor in
American Civilization and
Politics, who read a tribute
to Lemer. "He bounced into
a classroom, laughing easily,
eyes twinkling, and face
crinkling, and students and
colleagues could not help but
feel more hopeful in Max's
presence." He characterized
Lemer as "probably the best
known unabashedly liberal
journalist of the 1940s and
1950s, especially for his
columns in The New York
Post, where they appeared
regularly for over three
decades, beginning in 1949."
When he was five years old,
according to Fuchs, Lemer
came to the United States
from Minsk, in the former
Soviet Union, with his
parents, who settled for a
time in Bayonne, New Jersey.
The family later moved to
New Haven, Connecticut,
where Lcmer's father
continued his work as an
itinerant Hebrew teacher.
Following faculty
appointments at Sarah
Lawrence and Williams, he
came to Brandeis and became
a major force in the emphasis
given here to
interdisciplinary studies.
Brandeis had no departments
at first, only schools. All
sophomores were required to
take Lerner's course, an
mtroduction to American
civilization. He also created
and presided over a required
course for seniors in which
outstanding American
intellectuals and literary and
artistic figures were brought
to campus to give talks on
the critical professional
decisions in their lives.
When Lemer became the
first head of graduate studies,
he saw the necessity of
establishing departments,
but he never lost his fervor
for interdisciplinary studies,
and in 1970, he helped to
establish the American
studies department. He
received an honorary doctor
of humane letters from the
University at its 31st
Commencement in May
1982.
Lemer wrote more than a
half dozen influential books,
but it was his two-volume
America as a Civilization
that Fuchs credited as being
Lerner's most important. In
1981, according to Fuchs,
Lemer was struck with
lymphatic cancer, and a year
later suffered a heart attack.
But he survived those
ordeals, and chronicled his
stmggle to live in a book
entitled Wrestling with the
Angel.
Sports Notes
Baseball Team Qualifies
for NCAA Division III
Tournament
After a four-year absence
from NCAA post-season
play, Brandeis University's
baseball team earned a bid to
the championship last spring.
The Judges wrapped up the
1992 season with a win over
the number one seed in
the toumament and finished
with an overall record of
28-10, the most wins
since 1985.
Coach Pete Vamey's team
was led by consistent play on
the mound and in the field.
The pitchers combined for a
3.43 ERA and defensively
Brandeis tumed 35 double
plays, 12 more than the
opposition, and had a .964
fielding percentage. The
Judges also had superior
speed on the base paths,
stealing 94 bases.
In the playoffs, Brandeis was
matched up against the host
team, the University of
Southem Maine, in the first
round. Southem Maine, the
1991 NCAA champions,
scored four runs in the
seventh inning enroute to a
6-2 win. Center fielder Floyd
Graham '93, who set a
school record with 28 stolen
bases, and designated hitter
Tom Holdgate '93 each had
three hits. Andy Weinstein
'92 hit a solo home run to
the left to tie the game in the
fourth inning.
Brandeis came back the next
day and knocked off the
number one seed,
Bridgewatcr State College,
behind the complete game
pitching of Steve Harrington
'92. Brandeis scored three
mns early and after
Bridgewatcr tied it up, broke
the game open with three
mns in the bottom of the
eighth inning for a 6-5 win.
Second baseman Tom
Hoffman '92, who was
named to the all-toumament
team, had three hits to pace
the Judges' attack. That
night, Brandeis needed a win
against the University of
Massachusetts-Dartmouth to
advance to the title game.
The Judges, paced by
Weinstein's four hits, led
5-3, but then surrendered five
mns in the ninth inning and
were eliminated, 8-5.
A quick look at the season's
statistics shows Brandeis's
dominant year. As a team,
the Judges rapped out 396
hits and nearly doubled its
competition with 219 RBI.
Brandeis batted .316, stroked
88 doubles and stole 94
bases. Its team ERA was
almost three mns less than
its opposition and its starting
pitchers accounted for 26 of
the team's 28 wins, including
a 4-1 record against Division
I schools.
Several players received post-
season honors. Senior right
fielder John Khantzian was
named first team All New
England and was also
honored as a first team
ECAC all-star. He tied for
the team lead in hitting with
a .359 average and clouted
four home mns, had 1 5
doubles and drove in a team-
high 35 RBI. In the regular
season, Brandeis won the
Greater Boston League (GBL)
title and Khantzian was
named MVP.
Third baseman Michael
Connolly '93 was named
second team All New
England and was a GBL all-
star. In his first year as a
starter, Connolly hit .342,
drove in 34 mns and had
nine doubles. On the mound,
Brian Corsetti '92 was a
second team ECAC all-star
and had a 7-1 record with a
3.69 ERA. He allowed only
10 walks in 61 innings.
Harrington compiled a 6-4
record with a 3.13 ERA.
John Jeniski '94 was 6-1
with a 2.53 ERA and was
honored as a GBL all-star. As
a designated hitter, he batted
.324 with 15 RBI. Freshman
left fielder Tim Graham was
named Rookie of the Year in
the GBL. He hit .273 with 10
doubles and 15 RBI.
Weinstein tied for the team
lead in hitting with a .359
average.
Brandeis lost six seniors from
this year's toumament team.
The Judges must replace
three starters in the field, but
what is more important,
must replace two pitchers
who started a total of 18
games. However, several
underclassmen played key
roles on this year's team,
putting the team in a solid
position to return to post-
season play next season.
8 Brandeis Review
Please
see page 57
for
a message
from
President Thier.
and Social Welfare and
director, Legal Studies
Program, could witness for
himself the intelligence,
interest and keen insight his
students bring to the
discussion. It is not on
campus, however, and these
are not Brandeis students.
They are members of a
Brandeis University National
Women's Committee Study
Group, following Touster's
syllabus, "Literature and the
Law," and meeting in one of
the members' living rooms.
One member serves as
discussion leader as they
explore ideas about law and
justice through works by
Sophocles, Camus, Melville,
Jane Austen, Joseph Conrad
and others. Touster's 75-page
syllabus includes detailed
background and points of
discussion of 1 1 literary
selections that participants
read as part of the course.
These 18 "students" and
thousands of other Women's
Committee members meet
in small groups in homes,
clubhouses and community
centers across the country
once or twice a month to
pursue a special form of
higher education. They are
lup — aged 35-
)1 and college
ployed and
ionals and
imong them —
nge of
i common
vledge. The
imittee's
Group Program
;es authored by
ssors on
ig from
The
Associate
iglish Alan
itionmg and
i of Medical
^uj.^ i^, ii^^cssor of
Sociology Peter Conrad.
The Women's Committee
introduced Study Groups in
the mid-fifties, a few years
after it was founded to raise
money for the Brandeis
Libraries. The purpose of the
program was to create a
stronger link between the
University and the Women's
Committee. Pursuing its
parallel missions of library
support and education for its
55,000 members, the
Women's Committee has
raised more than $45 million
for the Libraries, while Study
Groups have become the
backbone of the organization.
Open only to members.
Study Groups are a major
attraction for the educated
and intellectually curious
women drawn to the
Women's Committee,
offering a unique opportunity
for members to stretch their
minds with university-level
course work.
Often Study Groups go
beyond the official syllabus
to study related subjects.
"The Novel Murder: The
Life and Times of the
Detective Story," which
explores moral codes,
societal issues and concepts
of law and justice, has
generated study of women
detectives and ethnic
detectives, for example.
When the suburban Boston
Metro West Chapter, which
already offered 50 Study
Group selections to its
relatively young
membership, brought in
local rabbis to lead
discussions of two Brandeis
Brieflets on Jewish cultural
issues, the response was so
overwhelming that the
chapter created a special
lecture series that focused on
Jewish faith and culture and
how to bring it into the
home.
Some Study Groups take on
a life of their own, becoming
an important part of the lives
of the core membership. The
nearly 3,000 members of the
Greater Boston Chapter have
more than 30 Study Groups
from which to choose, but
some of the longest-running
and most popular ones rarely
have an opening. In Boston
member Mary Feldman's
very popular long-running
current events group,
members sometimes wait
years to join so they can
participate in writing and
circulating major research
papers as the group conducts
thorough studies of such
countries as China, Japan and
the former Soviet Union.
Study Groups can provide
more than intellectual
stimulation. A group in
Oakland, California, built so
much camaraderie and
intimacy while completing
the syllabus "Women Aging
with Knowledge and Power"
that they decided to stay
together to do Associate
Professor of Anthropology
David Jacobson's syllabus
"Stress, Support and
Coping," group member
Marilyn Teplow explains.
Joyce Reider, president of the
Women's Committee Florida
Region, has been leading
Study Groups for 30 years.
At home with three small
children in the fervent years
of the early sixties, "I
yearned," she says, "for a
chance to speak in whole
sentences with intelligent
and thoughtful women.
Finding the Bergen County
Chapter's China Group
changed my life."
Reider has been a member
and leader of Study Groups
as well as national chair of
this program through several
careers. She became a
lecturer in American studies
for United Nations
diplomats in New York and
developed study and
discussion programs for
retired school teachers in
Paramus, New Jersey.
"Everything I've done in my
life came from my Brandeis
experience," she claims.
For information on Brandeis
University National
Women's Committee
membership and Study
Groups, call 617-736-4160.
given here to
interdisciplinary studies.
Brandeis had no departments
at first, only schools. All
sophomores were required to
take Lemer's course, an
introduction to American
civilization. He also created
and presided over a required
course for seniors in which
outstanding American
intellectuals and literary and
artistic figures were brought
to campus to give talks on
the critical professional
decisions in their lives.
When Lemer became the
first head of graduate studies,
he saw the necessity of
establishing departments,
but he never lost his fervor
for interdisciplinary studies,
and in 1970, he helped to
establish the American
studies department. He
received an honorary doctor
of humane letters from the
University at its 31st
Commencement in May
1982.
Lemer wrote more than a
half dozen influential books,
but it was his two-volume
America as a Civilization
that Fuchs credited as being
Lemer's most important. In
1981, according to Fuchs,
Lemer was stmck with
lymphatic cancer, and a year
later suffered a heart attack.
But he survived those
ordeals, and chronicled his
stmggle to live in a book
entitled Wrestling with the
Angel.
Sports Notes
Baseball Team Qualifies
for NCAA Division III
Tournament
After a four-year absence
from NCAA post-season
play, Brandeis University's
baseball team earned a bid to
the championship last spring.
The Judges wrapped up the
1992 season with a win over
the number one seed in
the tournament and finished
with an overall record of
28-10, the most wins
since 1985.
Coach Pete Vamey's team
was led by consistent play on
the mound and in the field.
The pitchers combined for a
3.43 ERA and defensively
Brandeis turned 35 double
plays, 12 more than the
opposition, and had a .964
fielding percentage. The
Judges also had superior
speed on the base paths,
stealing 94 bases.
In the playoffs, Brandeis was
matched up against the host
team, the University of
Southem Maine, in the first
round. Southem Maine, the
1991 NCAA champions,
scored four mns in the
seventh inning enroute to a
6-2 win. Center fielder Floyd
Graham '93, who set a
school record with 28 stolen
bases, and designated hitter
Tom Holdgate '93 each had
three hits. Andy Weinstein
'92 Jiit a solo home run to
the left to tie the game in the
fourth inning.
Brand
day ai
numb
Bridg.
behin
pitch]
'92. B
runs I
Bridgi
the ga.ii.. Kjp^ii Yvmi 11111.1.
runs in the bottom of the
eighth inning for a 6-5 win.
Second baseman Tom
Hoffman '92, who was
named to the all-toumament
team, had three hits to pace
the Judges' attack. That
night, Brandeis needed a win
against the University of
Massachusetts-Dartmouth to
advance to the title game.
The Judges, paced by
Weinstein's four hits, led
5-3, but then surrendered five
runs in the ninth inning and
were eliminated, 8-5.
A quick look at the season's
statistics shows Brandeis's
dominant year. As a team,
the Judges rapped out 396
hits and nearly doubled its
competition with 219 RBI.
Brandeis batted .316, stroked
88 doubles and stole 94
bases. Its team ERA was
almost three mns less than
its opposition and its starting
pitchers accounted for 26 of
the team's 28 wins, including
a 4-1 record against Division
I schools.
Several players received post-
season honors. Senior right
fielder John Khantzian was
named first team All New
England and was also
honored as a first team
ECAC all-star. He tied for
the team lead in hitting with
a .359 average and clouted
four home mns, had 15
doubles and drove in a team-
high 35 RBI. In the regular
starter, Connolly hit .342,
drove in 34 runs and had
nine doubles. On the mound,
Brian Corsetti '92 was a
second team ECAC all-star
and had a 7-1 record with a
3.69 ERA. He allowed only
10 walks in 61 innings.
Harrington compiled a 6-4
record with a 3.13 ERA.
John Jeniski '94 was 6-1
with a 2.53 ERA and was
honored as a GBL all-star. As
a designated hitter, he batted
.324 with 15 RBI. Freshman
left fielder Tim Graham was
named Rookie of the Year in
the GBL. He hit .273 with 10
doubles and 15 RBI.
Weinstein tied for the team
lead in hitting with a .359
average.
Brandeis lost six seniors from
this year's tournament team.
The Judges must replace
three starters in the field, but
what is more important,
must replace two pitchers
who started a total of 18
games. However, several
underclassmen played key
roles on this year's team,
putting the team in a solid
position to retum to post-
season play next season.
8 Brandeis Review
study Groups Link
Brandeis to
National Women's
Committee
Using Bertolt Brccht's
comedy The Caucasian
Chalk Circle as a point of
reference, Saul Touster's
students are comparing
contemporary methods of
resolving disputes in a court
of law with solutions of more
"primitive" societies. In the
prologue of Brecht's story, a
wise person offers a parable
from which both the parties
to the dispute and the
spectators learn the "right"
decision.
If this class were on campus.
Professor Touster, Joseph M.
Proskauer Professor in Law
and Social Welfare and
director. Legal Studies
Program, could witness for
himself the intelligence,
interest and keen insight his
students bring to the
discussion. It is not on
campus, however, and these
are not Brandeis students.
They are members of a
Brandeis University National
Women's Committee Study
Group, following Touster's
syllabus, "Literature and the
Law," and meeting in one of
the members' hving rooms.
One member serves as
discussion leader as they
explore ideas about law and
justice through works by
Sophocles, Camus, Melville,
Jane Austen, Joseph Conrad
and others. Touster's 75-pagc
syllabus includes detailed
background and points of
discussion of 1 1 literary
selections that participants
read as part of the course.
These 18 "students" and
thousands of other Women's
Committee members meet
in small groups in homes,
clubhouses and community
centers across the country
once or twice a month to
pursue a special form of
higher education. They are
an eclectic group — aged 35-
90, high school and college
graduates, employed and
retired professionals and
homemakers among them —
with a wide range of
interests, but a common
thirst for knowledge. The
Women's Committee's
unique Study Group Program
offers 79 courses authored by
Brandeis professors on
subjects ranging from
"Shakespeare: The
Tragedies" by Associate
Professor of English Alan
Levitan to "Rationing and
the Dilemmas of Medical
Care" by Professor of
Sociology Peter Conrad.
The Women's Committee
introduced Study Groups in
the mid-fifties, a few years
after it was founded to raise
money for the Brandeis
Libraries. The purpose of the
program was to create a
stronger link between the
University and the Women's
Committee. Pursuing its
parallel missions of library
support and education for its
55,000 members, the
Women's Committee has
raised more than $45 million
for the Libraries, while Study
Groups have become the
backjione of the organization.
Open only to members.
Study Groups are a major
attraction for the educated
and intellectually curious
women drawn to the
Women's Committee,
offering a unique opportunity
for members to stretch their
minds with university-level
course work.
Often Studv Groups go
beyond the otticial svliahus
to study related subjects.
"The Novel Murder: The
Life and Times of the
Detective Story," which
explores moral codes,
societal issues and concepts
of law and justice, has
generated study of women
detectives and ethnic
detectives, for example.
When the suburban Boston
Metro West Chapter, which
already offered 50 Study
Group selections to its
relatively young
membership, brought in
local rabbis to lead
discussions of two Brandeis
Brieflets on Jewish cultural
issues, the response was so
overwhelming that the
chapter created a special
lecture series that focused on
Jewish faith and culture and
how to bring it into the
home.
Some Study Groups take on
a life of their own, becoming
an important part of the lives
of the core membership. The
nearly 3,000 members of the
Greater Boston Chapter have
more than 30 Study Groups
from which to choose, but
some of the longest-running
and most popular ones rarely
have an opening. In Boston
member Mary Feldman's
very popular long-running
current events group,
members sometimes wait
years to join so they can
participate in writing and
circulating major research
papers as the group conducts
thorough studies of such
countries as China, Japan and
the former Soviet Union.
Study Groups can provide
more than intellectual
stimulation. A group in
Oakland, California, built so
much camaraderie and
intimacy while completing
the syllabus "Women Aging
with Knowledge and Power"
that thcv decided to stay
together to do Associate
Professor of Anthropology
David Jacobson's syllabus
"Stress, Support and
Coping," group member
Marilyn Teplow explains.
Joyce Reider, president of the
Women's Committee Florida
Region, has been leading
Study Groups for 30 years.
At home with three small
children in the fervent years
of the early sixties, "I
yearned," she says, "for a
chance to speak in whole
sentences with intelligent
and thoughtful women.
Finding the Bergen County
Chapter's China Group
changed my life."
Reider has been a member
and leader of Study Groups
as well as national chair of
this program through several
careers. She became a
lecturer in American studies
for United Nations
diplomats in New York and
developed study and
discussion programs for
retired school teachers in
Paramus, New Jersey.
"Everything I've done in my
life came from my Brandeis
experience," she claims.
For information on Brandeis
University National
Women's Committee
membership and Study
Groups, call 617-736-4160.
Interview with
Jehuda Reinliarz,
Ph.D. 72
by Brenda Marder
Marder: You are regarded
as a successful teacher and
productive scholar. What
does a person with your
academic background
bring to the position of
provost?
Reinharz: I am not very
much different from our
previous chief academic
officers in this regard.
What I bring to the job is
the view of a faculty
member who, in one way
or another, has been
associated with Brandeis
for some 25 years. This
gives me a certain
historical perspective on
the University and an
appreciation for its unique
mission. I strongly believe
that the academic officers
at the University ought to
come from within the
faculty; it is crucial that
they be acquainted with
the ethos, traditions and
aspirations of the academy
and share them.
Marder: Why did you
decide at this time to
switch to administration?
To some people, the
position might seem dull,
bureaucratic and
burdensome compared to
the exciting life of a fine
scholar who has
distinguished himself as
you have by winning the
first President of Israel
Prize, awarded by the
Knesset for the book on
Chaim Weizmann.
Reinharz: I consider being
provost at Brandeis an
honor. Administration is
part of every faculty
member's life. Indeed,
when we evaluate faculty
for promotion, we talk
about service to the
University as one of the
three major criteria. Being
an administrator is not
antithetical to being a
scholar. Most people at
this University and
elsewhere balance areas of
service, scholarship and
teaching in different ways
during different times in
their careers. Although I
am doing administrative
work, I see myself as
continuing to be a
member of the faculty. As
you can see, I do not
consider myself switching
to administration.
Administration properly
viewed is simply an
extension of the rest of
the academy. It is not an
independent machinery
divorced from the values
of the University, though
continued on page 12
10 Brandeis Review
Interview
with Dan Mansoor
F" r
I
These interviews took
place in the beginning
of the summer.
Marder: You assumed
your position at Brandeis
last March so your
assessment of the
University is still fresh.
What were your first
impressions of Brandeis
and of how people relate
Mansoor: When I came on
campus, I was struck
initially by three things.
The warmth of the
community was the first:
people welcomed me
unreservedly and at the
same time spoke
passionately about the
institution and offered to
help in a host of ways.
Next, I was impressed by
the quality of the faculty
and the academic
programs. Then, I was
drawn to the beauty of the
campus. When I moved
from Ithaca to Brandeis, I
assumed I was moving
from beautiful
countryside to a cramped
metropolitan area. Instead
^' ^v.
I found that Brandeis is
an oasis in an urban
setting and Boston is a
real delight.
Marder: From what you
tell me about your
welcome to the
University and the kinds
of relationships that
donors and the
community have to
Brandeis, your job ought
to be a pushover.
Mansoor: Fund-raising,
in a sense, can be very
easy. Assume you have
only one potential
prospect. You know
what to do. When you
identify that person, you
have completed the first
step. Then you gather
information about the
individual by talking to
his or her friends, by
looking at public
information or by
talking to the person
directly. Next you
involve the person,
through invitations to
campus for lectures,
activities, concerts and
the like. If the
institution is doing fine
work, the prospect is
ready to be asked for an
expression of
commitment to the
university — a gift.
continued on page 1 7
11 Fall 1992
Reinharz walking
on campus with
Irving Epstein,
dean of aits and
sciences and
Helena Rubinstein
Professor
of Chemistry
continued from page 10
I
administrators clearly have the
opportunity to interpret these
values. I was happy to serve at this
moment in time because I have just
finished two books: the second
volume of the Weizmann biography
that is about to appear and another
book I have coauthored with the
late Brandeis professor Ben Halpem.
So, the time seemed ripe to shift the
balance for a period of time.
Marder: Will you continue to do
research, writing and teaching or
will your duties as provost
submerge you?
Reinharz: Not classroom teaching
because that requires a great deal of
preparation and I do not have time
at this point. But I still supervise
graduate students. I have been
writing articles based on previous
work late at night, but obviously I
cannot get involved in any new
major research projects such as new
books based on archival research.
During this summer in Israel, I will
complete several projects such as
the second edition of The few in the
Modern World, which I coedited
with Paul Mendes-Flohr, a former
graduate student with me at
Brandeis and a professor at the
Hebrew University. Another reason
I'm glad to be in Israel this summer
is that in November the Weizmann
Institute will host a state event
commemorating the 75th
anniversary of the Balfour
Declaration. I was asked to give the
major address on that occasion,
which I will prepare in Israel. These
are the kinds of things that I can
continue to do while serving as the
provost.
Marder: How would you describe
the provost's job? Many of our
readers are wondering exactly how
the new team under President Thier
will operate.
Reinharz: Lots of people ask me this
question. Under the new structure,
the provost is the chief academic
officer, meaning that I am
responsible for maintaining the
highest possible academic standards
with regard to teaching and
research. My task also entails
recruitment of the brightest and
most promising students to
Brandeis. While I take it for granted
that this is the common goal for all
members of the Brandeis
community, it is my task to
coordinate and streamline the
various components of the academy
in pursuit of our common goals. At
the same time, as a senior vice
president, my job is to assist the
President in any way I can, which
includes fund-raising and relations
with alumni, the National Women's
Committee, the Trustees and other
members of the community. The
job entails a good deal of public
relations — talking to individuals or
giving talks to various groups. It
also requires some travehng on
behalf of the University.
Marder: Give us an example of how
you might shape academic
programs.
Reinharz: It is not I alone who shape
the academic programs of the
University. In the spring semester
members of the Academic Planning
Group, consisting of eight faculty
members and five administrators,
worked very hard to assist the
academic enterprise at Brandeis and
make specific recommendations for
the restructuring of the academy.
These recommendations were
reviewed by the faculty as a whole
before a final report was written.
And this brings me to state how
academic change should be
undertaken at Brandeis: it can take
place only if there is full
participation and consensus on the
part of the faculty as a whole. It is
my task to guide, to suggest, to
bring proposals, perhaps even to
lead. But it is the faculty who must
have consensus on the nature of
change in the curriculum, staffing
and the like. Without their
cooperation, true and lasting change
is impossible.
Marder: You bring your own
individual vision to the office of the
provost. Besides teaching at
Brandeis, you also earned your
doctorate here, so you possess a
certain historical perspective, as you
said, as well as hopes for the future.
Reinharz: The fact that I earned my
Ph.D. here probably gives me a
special perspective on Brandeis. I
became a graduate student here
when Abram Sachar was still
President and when many of the
original faculty still taught here. I
have enormous respect and
admiration for what they did and
tried to accomplish. I think we
therefore have to be careful that we
do not make any radical changes for
the sake of change alone or to keep
up with fads. Change ought to occur
within the framework of reverence
for the past. What I would hke to do
by the time I leave this position is
to make sure that we are living
within our resources and that we
12 Brandeis Review
can pay decent salaries to our
faculty and staff so we can contniuc
to attract the very best people. All
this while simultaneously
preserving the unique character of
Brandeis.
Marder: How do the recent
geographic and political changes in
the greater world affect the campus?
Reinharz: We are facing a new world
m the Pacific, Eastern Europe and
elsewhere. Artificial barriers have
disappeared, maldng it easier to
appreciate different cultures and
traditions. We have better access
and can take advantage of student
and faculty exchanges, for example.
We have to pay a great deal of
attention to the internationalization
of the campus. We at Brandeis have
of course a very strong base on
which to build in this regard.
Throughout our history we have
been able to attract outstanding
stiKknts tiom ti)iLii;n countries. In a
sense wc have been ahead of our
times. I would like to see, as does
the President, many exchange and
joint programs with foreign
universities. Indeed, we have begun
the process of doing so some time
ago. We must also study the
curriculum to be sure that course
offerings reflect this new world.
Marder: I remember not too many
years back, when the American-
university world was more insular
and didn't understand that the
globalization process was under
way, some people criticized
Brandeis, claiming that we had "too
many foreign students." But
Brandeis actually was on the cutting
edge of encouraging and welcoming
foreign students to campus.
Reinharz: Of course this criticism
does not sit well with me because,
having come from another country,
I feel offended by this attitude. I
think most people at Brandeis agree
that we recruit some of our very
best students from foreign
countries. What some of these
people accomplish when they
return to their homeland is very
impressive. They in turn are helpful
to the University. They refer
students of high caliber to us from
their own countries and we can call
on them as alumni during the years
to contribute their expertise and
experience to enrich our
community. Some of them have
even been asked to serve on the
Board of Trustees and other boards
of the University.
Marder: Let's talk about student and
faculty interplay. When you came to
Brandeis as a graduate student and
got your Ph.D. in '72, different
social and academic conditions
prevailed. What exactly are the
differences in the students that you
are now supervising compared to
your peers 20 years ago?
Reinharz: You can't discuss
students without commenting on
the faculty first. As a graduate
student, I didn't pay much attention
to the wider context. I came to NEJS
at a time when I can say, without
exaggeration, it had some of the
greatest scholars in the field of
Judaica anywhere. And they
required a great deal from us.
I beheve it is more difficult to be a
gi'aduate student today than it was
20 years ago. Funding has not kept
I
I
Reinharz
processing with
David Gil,
piofessoi of social
policy, The Heller
School, at the
Inauguration of
President
Samuel O. Thier
up with expenses and many more
graduate students today have to
work to support themselves and
their famihes. Other than that, I
think that the quahty of graduate
students today is equal to that in
years past. This is reflected in our
ability to place them in some of the
finest institutions in this country
and abroad.
One central difference between then
and now is that among the faculty
today, in NEJS at least, you will find
more American-bom members. As
was true for Brandeis in general
during its first two decades, we
benefited enonnously from the
European-refugee scholars who
could be found in every department.
This was President Emeritus Abram
Sachar's genius — to recruit these
great scholars, who had for the most
part fled Central and Eastern
Europe, to the Brandeis faculty.
They immediately put Brandeis on
the map. Brandeis was a highly
congenial atmosphere for these
people who brought fame and luster
to the campus, malting it a premier
research institution within a very
brief period of time. This holds true
for other departments as well — in
history, sociology, political science
and many of the sciences.
Marder: As you were going through
your experience here, were you
aware that it was the best you could
have possibly gotten?
Reinharz: I had been accepted at
another fine university for graduate
studies. I received a wonderful
scholarship, a five-year Ford
Fellowship that I think was given
only to two people entering
graduate school. My wife was, at the
same time, a graduate student in
sociology at Brandeis, and she
persuaded me to come here after I
received my M.A. at Harvard. So, I
gave up my Ford Fellowship. It was
probably the best move I could have
made.
Marder: In today's world as well as
then, the University's academic
standards depend very much on
revenues. How is the provost
involved in fund-raising?
Reinharz: When I became director of
the Tauber Institute in 1984, 1
became very active in fund-raising.
Although nobody ever asked me to
fund-raise, I saw that activity as an
integral part of the job because the
Institute would have folded without
It. This is not an activity for its own
sake; I raise money because I know I
am doing it for an important cause. I
also know that people want to give
because they get pleasure out of
seeing their money used in the
world of ideas. If I had more time I
would do more of it. In general,
faculty members can be excellent
fund-raisers.
Marder: We were tallting before
about restructuring the academy.
This operation would include
revenue enhancements. Is that
correct?
Reinharz: Yes, many ideas
concerning revenue enhancements
came up as part of the
recommendations of the Academic
Planning Group; for example, we
have talked a great deal about
offering M.A. programs that not
only add quality to our programs
but serve also as revenue
enhancements. And indeed, some
departments even before these
recommendations were considered,
had added excellent M.A. programs.
I will entertain ideas for curricular
additions on the condition that they
not be just revenue enhancements
but have a sound academic and
intellectual base. With that in mind,
I see it as my duty to enhance
revenues because we are at a critical
point in the history of Brandeis. The
restructuring of the academy
consists not only of revenue
enhancements, but also of savings,
streamlining and better
management.
Marder: How in tune is the faculty
to the problem of finances? Brandeis
faculty are not necessarily locked in
14 Brandeis Review
an ivory tower. In fact, most of
them live very much in the world.
But at the same time, each faculty
memher has his or her own domain,
which is, after all, his or her
lifetime's work. If faculty members
see their areas shrink or eliminated,
they have just cause for alarm. How,
generally, have the faculty balanced
their own interests against the
greater good of the University?
Reinharz: I have been very
impressed with the faculty's
response. After the Academic
Planning Group came up with its
initial recommendations, it was
clear to the community that many
programs would have to contract or
otherwise adjust. The faculty is
appreciative of the fact that the
process at Brandeis was open and
interactive. The report was not
managed from the top down,- when
we wrote the report, we met with
every single department and
academic unit on campus to get
their ideas so that we could add
their input. With some
departments, we met as many as
five times. As I mentioned before, it
is my strong belief that unless the
faculty feels that they have
ownership in the University, unless
the faculty feels that this is also
their report, we will not be able to
implement it.
If, as you say, we have to take the
Academic Planning Group's
recommendations and eliminate
something into which a faculty
member has poured a lifetime of
work, it cannot be done without a
basic consensus among the faculty.
In fact, almost all departments are
Jehuda Reinharz was born
in Israel. In 1958 he
moved to Germany and
then to the United States
in 1961. After high school,
Reinharz entered a joint
program at the Teachers
Institute, Jewish
Theological Seminary and
Columbia University,
where he majored in both
Jewish and European
history. He was graduated
with a B.S. from
Columbia and with a
Bachelor of Religious
Education from the
Jewish Theological
Seminary, where he was
valedictorian. He earned
his M.A. from Harvard
University with a
concentration in medieval
Jewish history and
philosophy and came to
Brandeis to earn his Ph.D.
in modern Jewish history,
European history and the
Middle East.
After teaching at the
University of Michigan
for 10 years, Reinharz
returned to Brandeis in
1982 as Richard Koret
Professor of Modern
JeviTish History in Near
Eastern and Judaic
Studies (NEJS). He has
been the director of the
Tauber Institute for the
Study of European Jewry
since 1984.
Reinharz has written over
70 articles and has
authored, coauthored and
edited over 1 7 books on
anti-Semitism. Zionism,
important Zionist leaders
such as Chaim
Weizmann, Polish-Jewish
history and German-
Jewish history. He has
five forthcoming books:
The Emergence of the
Jewish State 1880-1948,
with Ben Halpern.
Brandeis professor
emeritus; The Letters and
Papers of Manya
Wilbushevitz Shohat with
Brandeis Professor
Shulamit Reinharz;
Chaim Weizmann: The
Making of a Statesman;
Zionism and Religion;
and Zionist Leadership
^vith Anita Shapira. He
also sits on the editorial
boards of Modem Judaism
and Studies in
Contemporary Judaism.
Reinharz is active in
national and
international institutions.
He serves as the secretary
and treasurer of the
Association for Jewish
Studies, on the Academic
Committee for the
Museum Development
of the United States
Holocaust Memorial
Council and as a
member of the Board of
Directors of Yad Chaim
Weizmann. He is
involved in the
Academic Advisory
Committee for the
Memorial Foundation
for Jewish Culture, The
National Foundation for
Jewish Culture and the
Advisory and Editorial
Board for the Institute of
Polish-feverish Studies.
He received several
awards for his
biographical studies of
the Zionist leader,
Chaim Weizmann,
including the National
Jewish Book Award in
1986. He was awarded
the Shazar Prize in
History in 1 988 and in
1990 was the first
recipient of the President
of Israel Prize, awarded
by the Knesset.
Reinharz is married to
Shulamit Reinharz.
professor of sociology
and director. Women's
Studies Program, at
Brandeis. The couple has
two children.
I
going to have to shrink, but I think
we all recognize that we have no
choice in the matter. We must live
within our means if we care about
the future of the University. In our
open meetings, the budget was laid
out and thoroughly explained by the
President for all to see. I don't think
there is anyone on the faculty or
staff today who does not understand
a restructuring of the University is
necessary, though I recognize that
people will differ as to how to
implement this restructuring.
15 Fall 1992
I
Marder: Will departments shrink no
matter how popular they are? No
matter how they contribute to
revenue enhancement?
Reinharz: We used many criteria
when evaluating programs. Our
ability to attract students was only
one of them. Obviously, we took
into account the quality of the
programs, costs and the relationship
to the mission of the University. We
do have to make choices as to
whether the departments can
maintain their quality even with a
smaller number of faculty. Some
departments will suffer more and
some will suffer less, because some
areas are better able to respond to
cuts. For instance, some have a
better chance of applying to
foundations or the govemment for
grants. Other departments, no
matter how hard they try, do not
have that kind of resource.
Marder: The outlook, then, is
positive on reforming the
curriculum and coming to grips
with our financial situation, in spite
of the dreary news that issues from
the recession and the grave
problems with higher education?
Reinharz: One reason I am
optimistic is that we have a truly
outstanding leader in Sam Thier.
That played a major role in my
decision to take on this task. I have
confidence that our restructuring
will help us pull through these
difficult times. The report,
moreover, leaves room for flexibility
so it can respond to new revenues
we are now trying to generate with
the help of the Board of Trustees.
Marder: This is a time when we
really need leadership.
Reinharz: The President is crucial,
but so is the Board of Trustees. So
much depends on the Board, the
alumni, what we call the inner
family. Leadership is easy in times
of prosperity. At this point in our
history, it requires more effort,
particularly the ability to generate
new resources.
Marder: You are provost at a very
fascinating time in the history of
the institution. Brandeis's standards
have always been high. What are the
threats to these standards and how
can we guard against them?
Reinharz: The threats are in large
part financial. If, indeed, we are
unable to raise the amounts of
money we need, we will not be able
to recruit the caliber of faculty and
students that constitute an
excellent university. If we enter a
downward spiral in terms of
standards, it would be very difficult
to reverse direction. I think even if
our buildings are in bad shape, that
is a condition we can live with. In
fact, we have lived with this
situation for many decades. But we
can't give in at all on educational
standards.
Marder: It seems to me, you would
need to offset this heavy
professional routine with hobbies.
What do you do in your leisure?
Reinharz: I love to sail — I do it on a
very elementary level on a sailfish —
and I enjoy playing tennis with my
family. I also exercise regularly and
try very hard not to let anyone or
anything interfere with this activity.
Believe it or not, the easiest way for
me to relax is to write. Doing my
research is also my hobby.
Marder: One subject we have not
discussed is your Israeli background.
Has it given you any specific
dimension?
Reinharz: I don't know if I can really
pinpoint this factor, it is so
subjective. But perhaps it has been
helpful in the Brandeis context.
Brandeis University has many ties
to Israeli institutions, something I
am trying to strengthen. Perhaps
more important in shaping my
outlook has been the multilingual
culture in which I was raised as a
child in Israel. I continue to identify
as both an Israeli and as an
American. I have dual citizenship
and feel equally at home in both
cultures. It adds an enriching
dimension to our lives as a family,
which we think our children have
also begun to share. ■
16 Brandeis Review
Mansoor (right)
and fehuda
Reinhaiz, Ph.D.
'72, piovost and
senior vice
president
for academic
affairs, discuss
business over
lunch at the
Faculty Club
continued from page 11
Marder: But you are not seeking one
potential donor. From what I
understand, you are trying to widen
the donor base among alumni in
particular.
Mansoor: Yes, that's correct. Our
challenge today is to reach more and
more people in the most personal
manner possible. Even though we
use technology to help us, we still
try to communicate on the
individual level. But to return to
your remark, fund-raising "strategy"
is easy, fund-raising "work" is hard.
Brandeis needs to construct a
professional approach to be sure we
are asking everyone who is
interested in the University. The
number one reason people do not
support Brandeis is that they are not
asked, or are not asked properly.
Marder: Will you take a totally new
approach as you professionalize?
Mansoor: Although I will be
implementing new strategies, I
want to give credit to the
development work that's been done
in the last few years. A university of
our size does not receive over $20
million each year without a lot of
hard work from the staff and
faculty, and a tremendous
commitment from our friends and
alumni. One practice I will modify
is the emphasis placed on event
fund-raising. Instead of focusing on
an event, I like to think of fund-
raising as relationship building. The
whole enterprise is called
"development" because it's an
ongoing process. The gift is just one
gesture in a warm relationship. We
must continue to stay in touch with
our friends, involve them in the
campus, act as good stewards of past
gifts and justify their continued
support.
Marder: What are some other ways
to professionalize the development
effort?
Mansoor: As far as alumni and
friends are concerned, we should be
sure to stay in regular contact. Let
me share some numbers with you.
In fiscal year 1992, which ended
lune 30, 1992, we received gifts
from 5,500 alumni. In the five-year
period before that an additional
4,600 alumni made a gift, but they
didn't give in the current year, and
before that five-year period another
2,900 alumni made a gift. So when
we talk about the number of
Brandeis alumni making gifts,
13,000 or 59 percent out of 22,000
have done so in their lifetime, but
only 25 percent in the last year. A
more systematic or professional
analysis would reveal the cause,- but
I believe it is because we are not
systematic in our appeal and that
we need to expand our volunteer
committees. To aid in all of this, I
hope to put in place an extended
volunteer structure. We cannot rely
solely on staff, a handful of alumni,
friends and Trustees. If the
development office is organized
from a professional standpoint to
give volunteers solid information
and effective training, that will
strengthen our chances for success.
I
Mansoor talks with
Wendy Finn '85,
Boston Alumni
Association
chapter president,
at a recent visit to
campus
I
Marder: What is the concept behind
volunteer efforts?
Mansoor: Most simply, it's a matter
of numbers — more people asking
more alumni and friends for a gift.
The prospect can relate comfortably
to a volunteer who has already
given. And, of course, the
volunteers have a strong
commitment to or affection for the
University or they wouldn't be
spending their time working as
volunteers. Their efforts are
reinforced through committee
meetings on campus or in their
communities. A large benefit the
University derives from the
volunteer system is human
resources. As I said a few moments
ago, fund-raising is easy if you have
one potential donor. Brandeis has
24,000 alumni, thousands of
interested friends and parents, and
members of the National Women's
Committee who represent a large
and significant potential body of
volunteers. Because the
development office has limits on
the size of its staff, we must rely on
more volunteers.
Marder: Our donor base is not
clustered around Boston, but spread
throughout the country. How do
you conquer the distances?
Mansoor: The regional offices are
being reorganized to do that.
Experience shows that the best way
to stay in touch with friends is
locally. We have five regional
offices — one here on campus for
New England, in Chicago, Los
Angeles, New York and Florida. I
would also like to see the regional
offices assist our campus staff and
alumni volunteers with student
recruitment.
Marder: Let's return to your idea of
replacing event fund-raising with
other activities. What do you
envision as alternatives?
Mansoor: Part of our challenge is to
reengage alumni and friends in the
mission of the University:
education and research. People
know of Brandeis for the quality
of its education and they will be
more encouraged to give if we
successfully execute two things: we
continue the educational programs
with them and the next generation.
We can employ a variety of formats
to present our friends and alumni
with such opportunities by using
Brandeis's popular Humanities and
the Professions program; organizing
educational tours conducted by
faculty to such places as Eastem
Europe, Israel and also in this
country; and inviting people more
regularly to return to campus for
educational activities.
Marder: The Academic Planning
Group, composed of faculty and
some administrators, is presenting a
recommendation on how to cut the
budget by six million dollars over
the next four years by altering the
curriculum and pruning the
administrative budget. But still the
University will need an additional
six million in income to balance the
operating budget. How does the
Office of Development fit into the
process of obtaining revenue to aid
the academic programs?
Mansoor: We must communicate
the importance of annual giving to
our alumni and friends, then engage
these people in the activities of
Brandeis and finally ask for a gift to
support the faculty, students and
programs. The provost and faculty
plan the curriculum and the budget
is subsequently built to support it.
Whatever amount of income is
needed beyond tuition, endowment
income and other sources, is the
objective of the development office.
Current-use monies, or the Annual
Fund, is the source for the six
million we have earmarked to
balance the budget over the next
four years. That is a 60 percent
increase over that period of time.
Marder: One can make the dollars
raised more meaningful by spending
less money on raising those dollars.
How does Brandeis fare in terms of
cost effective fund-raising?
Mansoor: A good point. I think
there are two goals fund-raisers
ought to set for themselves. The
first target is the total amount
raised in support of the institution.
The second is the cost of raising
those funds. Last year we spent 16
cents for each dollar raised. I want
to reduce that figure to 12 cents. But
there are many judgment calls in
generating expenses as you search
out the dollars. You must take
advantage of opportunities for
growth. For instance, if the one
18 Brandeis Review
additional trip to the West Coast
costs a thousand dollars, but might
yield a large gift, let's hope you
make the correct decision and get
on the plane. This opportunity
comes not from exceeding a planned
budget, but incorporating flexibility
in the operations that will allow
you to reallocate resources to make
this action possible.
Marder: President Thier stated a few
months ago that a capital campaign
is envisioned for the 50th
anniversary of the University's
founding. You just don't launch into
a capital campaign, it takes a few
years to lay the groundwork.
Mansoor: Absolutely. Part of my
task is to put into place the policies,
the philosophy, the systems and
technologies and the people, that is
the staff and the volunteers. All of
these activities not only lead to a
capital campaign but invigorate
annual giving.
Marder: Brandeis can boast an
excellent undergraduate education,
and an internationally recognized
graduate enterprise. Additionally,
the University enjoys a special
heritage. How does this aid in
development projects?
Mansoor: The fact that Brandeis was
founded and sponsored by the
Jewish community helps because of
the community's strong belief in
tzedakah, or charity. Add to that
the American ethos of philanthropy
and it is hard to think of an
institution that is better positioned.
Marder: How can you sum up your
philosophy for giving?
Born and raised in
Madison. Wisconsin, Dan
Mansoor was graduated
with a B.S. from the
College of Engineering at
Cornell University and
earned an M.S. A. from
the Johnson Graduate
School of Management,
Cornell University. Before
returning to Cornell to
work, he was employed
by the Procter and
Gamble Manufacturing
Company in St. Louis,
Missouri and Lima, Ohio,
as a production manager.
Mansoor spent several
years hi two development
offices within Cornell
University. He acted as
the director of
development from 1984-
1990 for the Johnson
Graduate School of
Management, where he
was largely responsible for
fund-raising.
Concurrently, he
supervised a capital
campaign that successfully
raised $46.5 million. In
1 990, Mansoor took on the
position of director of
development and public
affairs for the College of
Arts and Sciences, where
he remained until the
beginning of this year. In
that office he was also
responsible for managing
alumni affairs for the
College's 45,000 graduates
and planning for a portion
of a University-wide
capital campaign
initiative.
Mansoor: What drives a lot of my
initiatives and energy is a Midrash
expression my father uses on many
occasions: "Many candles can be
kindled from one candle without
diminishing its light." That's what I
think fund-raising is all about. It
sums up my own philosophy and, I
believe, that of Brandeis and our
most generous friends. ■
Mansooi at his
favorite sport
The following article is based on the research I did on the
Palestinian women's movement while living in the West
Bank for a month at a time during 1 989-91 and the diary I
l<ept of life under the Israeli occupation and the Palestinian
intifada. My home was in Ramallah, a city of perhaps 25,000
people a few miles north of Jerusalem. From these same
sources I wrote The Women Are Marching: The Second Sex
in the Palestinian Revolution.
"Intifada" is an Arabic word meaning "shelving off." The
Palestinian intifada that began in December 1 987 is an
expression of the Palestinian desire to shake off Israeli rule,
not only by challenging its domination in the streets, but by
creating an alternative economic infrastructure. Among its
many results has been a dramatic restructuring of the role of
Palestinian women. Whether their status has been
permanently altered, however, remains to be seen.
West Bank society, like many Mediterranean and largely
Moslem entities, adhered for generations to the ideal of
woman as almost completely private and apolitical. She was
secluded in her home, remote from the political and paid
economic spheres. It was men who went into the paid work
force, men who mingled in cafes and played backgammon
after work, men who socialized outside the home.
The Women
Are Marching
by Philippa Strum '59
While the genders normally did not mix outside the home, it
was mainly middle- and upper-class women who met this
ideal of full seclusion and segregation from men. The
majority of West Bank women were and are rural. The field
work that was part of their lives did not lend itself either to
seclusion or to another ideal, the veiled woman (or in the
20th century, one whose head is covered with a scarf). Even
in rural areas, a clear gender-based division of labor usually
prevailed. Rural women fetched water and men herded
flocks, for example, while only seasonal jobs, such as
picking olives and harvesting, were done by men and
women together. Women occasionally did "men's work," but
West Bank men normally played no role in "women's work"
of child rearing, cooking and housekeeping. Men controlled
money no matter who earned it, and were viewed as the
primary breadwinners.
Palestinian women of all classes have been expected to be
chaste, and men's honor has depended on their being kept
that way. A woman's chastity was guarded first by her father
and then by her husband. Couples traditionally did not meet
in advance. The bride was irrelevant to the marriage
contract, which was signed without her presence and
participation. A low value was placed on female literacy,
considered unimportant to marriage and the production of
children.
Beginning in the 1970s, an emerging core of elite women
challenged this ideology. They had gone to university in
Egypt or Lebanon or in the relatively new West Bank
colleges, participated in voluntary work committees
organized by municipalities after the election of 1 976, and
drew on both experiences for discussion of gender roles and
20 Brandeis Review
the place of women in the national liberation effort. In 1978
they began to establish the four women's committees that,
together with a number of leading-nonpartisan women found
primarily in academia. constitute the women's movement.
The committees created literacy classes with newly-written
materials, instructing women about their rights, child care
centers, vocational training classes and production teams
designed to enable women to gain at least some economic
independence. As the emphasis was on bringing committee
members to the national liberation movement and
empowering them by making them part of the decision-
making process, particularly through local subcommittees,
local committees were in place and ready to be mobilized
when the intifada began.
Philippa Strum received
her B.A. from Brandeis,
her Ed.M. from Harvard
and her Ph.D. from the
Graduate Faculty of the
New School. She is a
professor of political
science at City University
of New York, Brooklyn
College and the Graduate
The involvement of women in the first year of the intifada
signified a major change in activities considered permissible
for women and shook the old ideas of dependent women
whose honor lay in remaining hidden from the public eye.
Although the early intifada revolved, in part, around the
demonstrations by the young men (shabab) and their
consequent emergence as street leaders, the spontaneous
nature of many demonstrations, such as those at funerals
attended by massive numbers of people, meant that a cross
section of the population was involved from the start.
Women quickly became a backbone of the demonstrations
both as participants and as protectors of their men, rushing
out to play a public political function by throwing themselves
between members of the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) and the
young men they were trying to seize. One day early in the
intifada, for example, women in the Old City of Ramallah
attacked a patrol of soldiers with pots and pans in order to
release a youth being arrested. On another occasion. Munir
Fasheh, a professor of education, saw a man in his early
twenties being beaten by soldiers in Ramallah. A woman
rushed up with her baby in her arms and began shouting at
the man. "I told you not to leave the house today, that the
situation is too dangerous. But you didn't listen: you never
listen to me!" She turned in disgust to the soldiers and telling
them to beat him ched, "I am sick of you and your baby; take
him and leave me alone," pushed the baby into the young
man's arms and ran away. The confused soldiers soon left
the scene. In a few minutes the woman reappeared,
retrieved her child and wished the young man safety and a
quick recovery. They were total strangers.
Center. She is the author
of seven books and
numerous articles about
American government,
constitutional law, human
rights and women and
politics, including Louis
D. Brandeis: Justice for
the People, which was
nominated for a Pulitzer
Prize in biography;
Brandeis: Beyond
Progressivism,
scheduled to be
published by the
University of Kansas
Press in 1993;
Presidential Power and
American Democracy;
and The Supreme Court
and "Political
Questions. " Her
professional activities
include serving on the
executive committee of
the American Civil
Liberties Union's board of
directors, and as president
of the American-Israeli Civil
Liberties Coalition, which
she cofounded in 1981.
Among her awards have
been a Guggenheim
Foundation research
fellowship, an American
Council of Learned
Societies research
fellowship and a research
fellowship at the Truman
Institute of Hebrew
University.
Palestinian woman
wliose olive trees
were destroyed by
Israeli soldiers
The women not only protected the men from the IDF and
joined them in mixed gender demonstrations, but also
engaged in spontaneous demonstrations of their own,
expressing their outrage at violence committed by soldiers or
Jewish settlers, at arrests and at the miscarriages that have
been attributed to exposure to tear gas. By March 1988,
three months after the intifada began, there had been an
average of 115 women's marches a week. Sixteen women
died in them.
Al-Haq, the Palestinian affiliate of the International
Commission of Jurists, has noted that most women
subjected to violence during the intifada have been in their
homes, frequently attempting to protect male relatives from
It was men who went into the
paid work force, men who
mingled in cafes and played
backgammon after work, men who
socialized outside the home.
physical assault or arrest. Some of the women who died
during the intifada were passersby, killed by chance while on
their way home from school or the market during a
demonstration. By the end of 1989, 67 women had been
killed in the territories.
In a war situation, women are always confronted with the
threat of sexual violence, and men are tempted to use such
violence as a threatened or actual method of punishment
and control. Traditional mores made it unthinkable that
Palestinian women, hearing men mention sexual acts, would
do more than cover their ears or shriek with horror. The
intifada changed that. Al-Haq has documented numerous
cases of soldiers directing obscene language toward
women. Women probably have shocked soldiers as much as
themselves by returning the soldiers' sexual taunts and
using explicitly sexual language to question their manhood.
Palestinian society accepted such behavior as appropriate in
times of emergency.
Palestinian women in prison face sexual threats and
sometimes fondling of their bodies by soldiers. Before the
intifada, a woman "contaminated" by being sexually abused,
whether by soldiers or men of her own society, would have
been ostracized if not killed. Women who were prisoners
during the first year or so of the intifada, however, were
treated as heroines by men as well as by women. This led
Bizreit University professor Hanan Mikhail-Ashrawi to
comment, 'The whole system of taboos, and the definitions
of honor and shame have changed. Now it is the national
issue that determines what is shameful and what is not, not
the social issue."
Beginning roughly in March-April 1988, when the need for
long-term planning became clear, Palestinians began
consolidating and extending the new kinds of committees
that had sprung into being early in the intifada. These were
the "neighborhood " or "popular " committees, which gradually
became an entire and highly specialized infrastructure.
Some provided emergency medical treatment, blood-typed
entire neighborhoods or taught first aid. Education
committees replaced the schools as authorities closed them
(all West Bank schools, including kindergartens, were closed
for 18 months in 1988-89). There were committees to
stockpile food and other essentials for distribution when
curfews, sometimes lasting for weeks, were imposed. Others
collected money for families that lost their incomes from
imprisonment, deportation, death or wounding of the wage-
earning men. There were committees to aid in planting home
gardens, to clean the roads, to ensure proper disposal of
garbage, to provide information to the media— in short, to
maintain an entire societal infrastructure.
Although these were mixed-gender committees, it was
women who were most active in all of them. The women's
committees were a model for. cooperated with, and in some
cases overlapped, the popular committees, and provided a
mechanism for women wanting to increase their involvement
in the intifada. Women's committee activists were among the
first members of the popular committees, marching, building
barricades, smuggling food to committees under curfew and
supplying rocks to shabab. Some young women helped
distribute the Unified Leadership leaflets that set commercial
strike days and hours and established basic rules of
behavior. Teenage women, particularly adept at smuggling
food to needy families during curfews, joined young men in
checking to see that shops close as soon as strike hours
begin and in organizing demonstrations. The intifada brought
a dramatic rise in the variety of women's committees'
^Wf
I Brandeis Review
agricultural and food production pro|ects and the number of
women in thiem. Tfie projects, a key element of tfie intifada's
drive for self-sufficiency and creation of an economic
infrastructure, are also a means of empowering women.
In the early months of the intifada, many young women
fought family attempts to limit their participation in it. A young
committee member reported. "My mother tried to prevent me
from participating in the clashes, but after I was arrested, it
became an accepted thing. " Some women, especially in
rural areas, initially lied to their parents about their
participation in popular committees or demonstrations, but
stopped doing so as mores changed.
Working together altered the sensibilities of men as well as
women. One young woman, active in a neighborhood
committee, said, "I think that in the uprising, many people
have put their conservatism aside. I am respected by my
neighbors. In the beginning, I felt a certain timidity from the
The intifada brought a dramatic rise
in the variety of women's
committees' agricultural and food
production projects and the number
of women in them.
young men who. ..believe women should take a more active
role, but who also hold traditional social values. But I think
this interaction between men and women will become more
natural." A women's committee member commented, "Really
the shabab's respect for us increased because of our
awareness and our role in the streets and neighborhood
committees. Our initiatives gain us the respect of all the
people, not just the men." A third chimed in, "When we went
to demonstrations or participated in clashes in the beginning
of the intifada, we met groups of young men. We didn't
speak to them because of the social customs we were raised
with, and also to prove to people that we were there to
confront the soldiers and not to meet boys. But later on, we
would talk to them every day. We would make plans, build
barricades for the streets, burn tires and provide the boys
with stones, as well as throw stones ourselves. So trust
between us increased and we feel now that they respect us."
Nonetheless, she perceived a continuing problem: "But they
still believe that we are weaker than them and sometimes we
hear things like, 'You have long fingernails— give me those,
and I will throw them for you.' But we have discussed these
problems with them, " and they have stopped trying to coddle
the women.
Before the intifada, middle-class women had moved from
university-based politics into leadership outside educational
institutions. This was facilitated by the experience women
gained in mobilization, public speaking, writing, planning
strategies and tactics and other aspects of organizing while
they were university students in the women's committees. A
second factor was the vacuum created by the increased
level of incarceration and deportation of male leaders. A
good number of university-trained women had achieved
middle-management positions in male dominated trade
unions and political parties before the intifada. Since the
intifada, the IDF has removed much of the male leadership
from the public sphere, which has enabled the middle-
management women to fill positions that might othenwise
have been reserved for men. The new visibility of women
leaders, combined with the demands of the intifada and the
resultant opportunities for female political activity, has led to
Traditional woven
sen/ing trays, made
by one of ttie
women's committees
radical change in the attitude of some women, and perhaps
of some men. Political discussion is no longer a male
preserve. Women routinely join in or initiate conversations
about politics, demonstrating that the public sphere has
become as much theirs as it is men's.
The first year of the intifada, then, saw what was probably
the majority of women assuming a political function.
Confronting soldiers, visiting the families of the dead and
organizing alternative education can be viewed as
extensions of the traditional nurturing role. There was a new
sensibility, however, implicit in women wrestling with strange
men, undergoing arrest and, in small numbers, achieving a
measure of economic independence.
By 1989, what had seemed to be permanent changes in the
status of women had begun to crumble. It became apparent,
in fact, that the alterations were only temporary in the eyes
of most men, who view the participation of women in the
intifada as an emergency measure that will be unnecessary
when independence is achieved and the women return to
their homes. While many women are out of their homes
participating in the political spheres, others are, once again,
being kept locked behind closed doors.
Women's participation in the popular committees (declared
illegal by Israel in August 1988, and in decline since) does
not appear to have added to their long-term political power.
When Palestinian leaders hold a press conference, or, more
recently, engage in international negotiations, the only faces
When Palestinian leaders hold a
press conference, or, more
recently, engage in international
negotiations, the only faces to be
seen usually are male.
to be seen usually are male. The occasional exceptions
invariably have been Mikhail-Ashrawi and activist Zahira
Kamal, both clearly present in spite of being women. They
were both at the October 1991 Madrid peace talks, but only
as members of the advisory delegation: the formal delegates
were all men. The leadership outside the territories is male.
There are no women on the Palestine National Council's 15-
member Executive Committee that, since the PNC's 1988
Declaration of Independence, has been the equivalent of a
Palestinian government. The implicit message is that there is
no room in the government for women.
By the end of the intifada's first year, the nature of women's
participation in the uprising changed, reflecting the transient
nature of the alteration in values. After the popular
committees were outlawed, quasi-militaristic "popular
armies," in which women have at most a minimal role, came
into existence. Many women turned their attention to
production projects that were extensions of the home
economy. Parents, who had ceded much of their power over
children, began to reclaim it. The ensuing years have seen
the resurgence of forced early marriages and the old
concept of shame. Marriage, and the early arrival of children,
is viewed by many as a way of keeping single men and
women out of the political activities that could result in
imprisonment and the subsequent unmarriageability of
women and the permanent wounding or death of men. The
high rate of unemployment that has existed since late 1990
and was exacerbated by the total curfew during the 1991
Gulf War: the replacement of Palestinian workers by new
24 Brandeis Review
Randa Sinlora. head
of the women's
project at al-Haq, in
her office
Soviet immigrants to Israel: and the limitations on the
territories' residents entering Israel have made fathers eager
to turn the burden of supporting their daughters over to
potential husbands. The tendency toward forced early
marriages has moved from the villages and camps to the
cities.
The family desire to protect women from political activities
and loss of honor has forced some women and girls to drop
out of schools and universities. There is now a tendency to
treat women ex-prisoners as contaminated: they are
regularly denied jobs and have difficulty finding husbands.
The culture of the intifada, which downgraded frivolous or
costly activities including restaurant meals, movies, parties
and family excursions, has reinforced the habit of some
elements in Palestinian society to scrutinize women's
behavior and dress. Clothing is viewed as a political
statement with the rise of fundamentalism and its emphasis
on "modest" apparel for women.
The effect of the occupation and intifada on marriage has
been complicated. Women who have battled soldiers in the
streets or earned money, not surprisingly, object to arranged
marriages. Many have found prospective husbands while
doing political work. The Palestinian Unified National
Leadership has requested their people limit wedding
celebrations and bride prices (muiiur) as an austerity
measure. Some women now refuse muhur entirely, either as
a patriotic measure or because they have come to view them
as offensive. Marriages have increased and the frequency of
divorce has dropped, possibly out of a felt need to adhere to
societally acceptable norms during a penod of crisis— or
because the combination of more modest wedding
celebrations and small dowries has lowered the costs of
weddings and encouraged people to marry at an early age.
Interviews suggest that many women have been eager to
produce "more children for Palestine" during the national
liberation struggle. They reportedly have been encouraged
by sermons in the mosques calling for early marriage and a
higher birthrate. This has been changed somewhat since the
Gulf War, with the depressed economic situation malting a
large number of children less attractive.
By 1 991 , membership in the women's committees had
decreased because of family and fundamentalist reaction
against female political activity: the inability of the
committees to articulate a specific program for women
beyond participation in production projects and cooperatives:
the lack of progress in the peace process and the resulting
questioning of the utility of political activism: and the
demands made on women's time by the combination of
household responsibilities, child care and participation in the
drive for economic self-sufficiency through the creation of
home gardens. Still, the phenomenon of women becoming
active outside their homes constitutes a revolution that has
occurred in a remarkably short time. Although some families
are taking their daughters out of school early, the idea that
There appears to be less resistance
to a grassroots public role for
women among people of the West
Bank than there is within the PLO
leadership abroad.
women should receive a substantial amount of formal
education has spread, its popularity ironically, perhaps,
encouraged by anger at the government's policy of closing
schools and universities and the belief that the closures are
designed to render the Palestinians illiterate and ignorant.
No less radical, if not as popular, is the idea that women who
do not absolutely need to earn money may choose to do so
without losing their respectability or femininity.
A key question is to what extent a Palestinian government
would recognize women's new roles. Although the Unified
National Leadership appears to include few if any women,
the leadership of political parties and trade unions have an
increasing number. There appears to be less resistance to a
grassroots public role for women among people of the West
Bank than there is within the PLO leadership abroad. The
women who have been "talking politics" are unlikely to be
satisfied with a purely private persona. Their interest and
experience may well be translated into support for women in
a national legislature.
This means that there are new phenomena to consider in
assessing the possible future status of women, not that the
nature of that status is clear: indeed, it is still in the process
of being determined. While it seems safe to predict that the
status of women will never again be precisely what it was
before the intifada began, the impact of women's role in the
intifada on their status cannot be assessed with any finality
until the occupation and Intifada have ended. ■
T h
P h
1 m
.^
by Benjamin Ravid '57
The expulsion of the Jews from
Spain constituted a major trauma in
Jewish life. It was characterized by
the unanticipated uprooting of a
community that had dwelled in its
native land for over a millennium,-
while representing a clear-cut end,
the expulsion gave rise to many new
beginnings.
Jews had inhabited the Iberian
peninsula since the days of the
pagan Roman Empire. But as
Christian Spain became more
settled and urbanized in the 1200s,
the church became more powerful
and assertive. The clergy urged that
the general policy toward the Jews,
formulated by international,
national and local church councils,
be implemented by secular
authorities. This clerical agenda
included introducing a special
distinguishing badge, not
necessarily yellow in color, as often
assumed; forbidding Jews from
holding public office or being in a
position of authority over
Christians as advisors, tax-collectors
and the like, even from having
Christian servants; restricting the
construction of new synagogues;
and demanding that the Jews be
assigned segregated, compulsory
quarters. Nevertheless, despite a
certain ambivalence, the monarchs
protected the Jews against excessive
persecution out of financial self-
interest, and continued to use the
services of select individuals at their
courts.
As religious and economic tensions
built up, a chance combination of
events in 1391 led to the watershed
in the treatment and condition of
the Jews in Christian Spain. A
leading church figure in Castille had
long been delivering violent
sermons against the Jews, declaring
falsely that the king would not
oppose attacks on them. Then, King
John I of Castille died. The crown
prince was a minor and the regency
was weak. Riots against Jews broke
out in Seville, spread through
Castille and then to Aragon. Jewish
quarters were looted, property was
destroyed, many Jews were killed
and others were forced to convert to
Christianity. When order was
restored a year later, Spanish Jewry
was shattered. The impoverished
and decimated communities were
faced with a huge task of
reconstruction, in which they were
helped to some extent by the
monarchy, acting out of self-
interest: even the reduced tax-
revenue that the Jews could pay was
worthwhile.
At the time of the riots in 1391, the
mobs had given the Jews the choice
of conversion or death, or at least so
intimidated them that conversion
appeared attractive, and the
pressures continued in the following
decades; many Jews opted for
conversion. Unfortunately we do
not know how many nor the size of
the Jewish population of 15th-
century Spain.
All Jews who converted were
known as New Christians or
Conversos. Many of them, again we
have no idea how many, abandoned
Judaism and became bona fide
Christians. Others regretted their
conversion and wanted to revert to
Judaism. However, they faced a
major problem: although Jews were
subject to numerous restrictions,
according to Christian theory,
Judaism as a religion was legal, for
26 Brandeis Review
Odyssey
of a People
Jews fell into the despised but
legitimate category of infidels, who
were to be tolerated in an inferior
status in Catholic Europe. Yet,
while the Catholic church taught
that one should not convert Jews by
force, nevertheless, once done, that
conversion was valid and could not
be reversed, since baptism was an
indelible sacrament. Accortlingly for
Christians, whether Old or New, to
assume Judaism was forbidden, and
anyone baptized into Christianity
who adopted Judaism became a
heretic.
Socioeconomic tensions soon
developed between the Old
Christians and the New Christians.
Many Old Christians resented the
New as individuals who, liberated
from all restrictions, were free to
compete as equals. Additionally,
Old Christians suspected that many
of the New Christians were secretly
Judaizing. These Judaizing New
Christians were referred to as
Mananos, a word that apparently
meant "pig." In 1478, at the urging
of Thomas de Torquemada, the
confessor of Queen Isabella, the
pope authorized the establishment
of the Inquisition in Spain. Five
years later, Torquemada was
appointed inquisitor general.
To ferret out Mananos, handboolcs
describing the signs of Judaizing
were compiled and circulated: be
suspicious of homes where no
smoke rose from chimneys on the
Sabbath, or where a clean tablecloth
and lighted candles appeared on that
day; watch out for people who
bought only live animals,
presumably to slaughter according
to Jewish law; suspect those who
avoided pork and did not pvirchase
The Inquisition, contraiy to popular
belief, had no direct jurisdiction
over professing Jews who did not
overtly challenge Christianity, but
only over Christians, Old and New
alike, who were suspected of heresy.
Its aim was to obtain confessions
and then impose a penance to
reconcile the accused to the church
and save their immortal souls. If a
confession were not forthcoming,
then torture could be employed to
obtain it. In the absence of a
confession or for alleged serious
second offenses, the penalty could
be death. Since it was not proper for
the church to put people to death,
the Inquisition would hand the
individuals over to secular
authorities. Then, to avoid the
shedding of blood, the condemned
were bumed alive at the auto-da-fe.
It became apparent that as long as
Judaism was pennitted in Spain,
New Christians who wished to
maintam their ties to Judaism could
find spiritual, material and
institutional support from the
numerous Jewish communities.
Therefore, it was deemed necessary
to eliminate totally the open
observance of Judaism in Spain.
Consequently, in March 1492,
following the fall of Granada, the
last Moorish bastion in Spain,
Ferdinand and Isabella issued a
decree requiring all Jews of Spain to
leave within four months.
The exact numbers of exiles and
converts are a matter of scholarly
dispute. Recent scholarship suggests
that a higher proportion than
previously assumed converted and
additionally that some of the exiles
subsequently returned to Spain to
convert. While many Jews,
including some of the educated and
wealthy communal leaders, opted
for conversion at the hour of
decision, others chose to leave.
The number of places to which Jews
could emigrate was limited. The
majority took the easiest option of
overland routes, mainly to Portugal
but also northward to Navarre and
Provence, all of which provided only
a brief respite. Far fewer embarked
upon the more perilous sea voyages.
They traveled to those few places on
the Italian peninsula that would
accept them, to North Africa and to
the islands and mainland of the
eastern Mediterranean, which was
being consolidated under the
Ottoman Empire.
Whatever the number of Spanish
Jews who reached the Ottoman
Empire, their presence benefited its
Jewish quarters were looted,
property was destroyed,
many Jews were killed and
others were forced to convert
to Christianity.
relatively backward economy
considerably. They were active in a
wide range of activities, including
almost every occupation, profession
and craft, on all levels.
The fate of the exiles in Portugal,
where the majority went, was far
more complex. King John of
Portugal authorized 600 wealthy
Spanish Jewish families to stay in
his country for a large payment;
others, in return for an entrance fee,
were allowed to remain for eight
months, by the end of which they
were to depart at their own expense
on ships to be provided by the
government, or else become royal
slaves. But the king did not provide
adequate ships for them to leave,
and those who remained without
converting were enslaved. John died
shortly afterward in 1495, and was
succeeded by his brother
Emmanuel. Emmanuel was
concerned with developing the
Portuguese economy and freed the
Jewish slaves to become productive
members of society. However, he
wished to marry the daughter of
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, and
the princess was unwilling to
consent unless the Jews were
eliminated from Portugal.
The number of places to
which Jews could emigrate
was limited. The majority
took the easiest option of
overland routes, mainly to
Portugal but also northward
to Navarre and Provence,
all of which provided only a
brief respite.
Emmanuel allowed the dynastic
consideration of uniting Spain and
Portugal under his heirs to prevail,
and in December 1496 ordered all
Jews to leave Portugal by the end of
October 1497 under penalty of
death. But since he really wanted
them to remain, he exerted pressure
upon them to convert, baptizing all
children between the ages of four
and 14, and returning them to their
parents only if the latter converted.
Then, after limiting the ports of
embarkation to three, he
subsequently required all Jews to
gather in Lisbon, thereby assuring
that the available shipping would
not be sufficient, and as soon as the
deadline for departure passed, all
those remaining were converted by
force.
As of 1497, Judaism was completely
proscribed on the Iberian peninsula.
Yet there was a profound difference
between the situation in Spain and
that in Portugal. In Spain, all those
who had wished to remain Jews had
been given the opportunity to leave.
and if they desired to Judaize there
afterward, they had to avoid
detection by the Inquisition; in
Portugal, however, entire families
and indeed communities — many of
whose members had left Spain to be
able to observe Judaism freely —
were converted by force, but there
was no Inquisition to investigate
conformity to their new religion.
To placate these converts,
Emmanuel promised them
immunity from persecution on
religious grounds for 20 years and in
1512 this was extended. As in Spain,
the Old Christians resented the
New Christians because of their
economic success in various
activities from which they had been
excluded as Jews, and also out of a
not-unjustified sense that they were
secretly Judaizing. Tensions
increased, finally erupting in a
major "pogrom" in Lisbon in 1506.
The king severely punished the
perpetrators and allowed New
Christians to depart, but
subsequently they were forbidden to
leave. They were needed since they
were not only the predominant
element in the international
commerce of Portugal, but also to a
great extent assumed the role of the
"middle class" in that
underdeveloped country and
especially helped with the royal
finances and administration. The
New Christians also entered the
medical profession in great
numbers, since the ordinances for
ensuring purity of blood
increasingly restricted them from
careers in the public service and
teaching at universities. At the
same time, there were also poor
New Christians who eked out a
living as petty traders and artisans.
Despite the efforts of the New
Christians to prevent the
establishment of the Inquisition in
Portugal, it was finally authorized in
1536. Emigration of New Christians
from Portugal to Spain, where the
Inquisition had slackened off its
investigation of Judaizing
somewhat, increased, and later was
facilitated as Portugal was ruled by
Spain from 1580 to 1640. Over the
decades the pressure of the two
Inquisitions induced many New
Christians, especially those who
were secretly Judaizing, to leave the
Iberian peninsula.
28 Brandeis Review
expulsions
Merchants often went via the major
northern commercial center of
Antwerp. But not all who left were
merchants, although for them it was
relatively easier to invest their
assets in readily portable
merchandise and letters of
exchange; sldlled doctors could also
find work in their new countries of
residence.
For those New Christians desiring
to leave the Iberian peninsula in the
16th century, the two most
attractive destinations were the
Ottoman Empire and the Italian
peninsula. The Ottoman Empire
possessed one major advantage over
the Italian peninsula, and indeed
over anywhere in Christendom: it
was an Islamic country whose ruler,
the Sultan, was unconcerned that
individuals who had been baptized
into Christianity were becoming
practicing Jews in his realm. Over
the decades, Iberian immigrants
trickled into the Ottoman Empire.
While they were active in a wide
range of activities as had been the
Spanish exiles of 1492, they were
most prominent as physicians and
advisors at the court of the Sultan
and in commerce.
Geographically, the exiles spread
throughout the numerous cities,
towns and villages of the Ottoman
Adriatic-Dalmatian and Aegean
coasts, the Balkans, Anatolia, the
eastern Mediterranean coast, such
islands as Rhodes and North Africa.
However, in the latter part of the
1 6th centuiy and especially in the
1 7th, the position of the Jews waned
as the Ottoman Empire declined.
In contrast, the Italian peninsula
had not been as attractive a
destination for the Spanish exiles of
1492. Only a very few places were
willing to receive them. In Rome
and the papal states, the new Jewish
immigrants appear primarily to
have practiced medicine and
operated loan banks. A score found
a haven in Ferrara, where their
leading families engaged in
international trade. Those who
sought refuge in the Kingdom of
Naples, together with the long-
indigenous Italian Jews of Sicily
who had been expelled from there
also in 1492 in imitation of the
events of Spain, did not find peace
for long; Naples was conquered by
Spain in 1495, and all were
compelled to leave between 1511
and 1 54 1, but many opted for
conversion.
Later, during the course of the 1 6th
century, the settlement of the
Iberian New Christians who wished
to assume Judaism on the Italian
peninsula was encouraged by the
establishment of the Inquisition in
Portugal and facilitated by a new
sense of rational raison d'etat on
the part of various Italian
authorities. They perceived Iberian
New Christian merchants as being
so important for their maritime
commerce that they actually
competed to attract them to their
domains.
In 1514, Ancona began to offer
favorable terms to attract these
Levantine merchants, and after it
became a part of the papal states in
1532, the popes continued this
policy, issuing safe-conducts
inviting "all merchants of whatever
nation, faith or sect, even if Turks,
Jews or other infidels" to settle with
their famiUes in Ancona; they added
that the safe-conduct was also vahd
Benjamin Ravid is Jennie
and Mayei Weisman
Professor of Jewish
History and former cJiaii
of tJie Department of Near
Eastern and Judaic
Studies. He received liis
B.A., magna cum laude, in
history from Brandeis and
his Ph.D. from Harvard
University. Before coming
to Brandeis in 1973, he
taught at McGUl
University. His
publications include
Economics and Toleration
in Seventeenth-Century
Venice and over 25
articles on the Jews of
Venice. For the academic
year 1986-87, he was a
member of a research
panel on Sephardi Jewish
Communities after the
Spanish Expulsion of 1492
at the Institute for
Advanced Studies of the
Hebrew University. He
has lectured on Sephardi
and Italian Jewry
throughout the United
States, Europe and Israel.
lor all persons coming from
Portugal, even if "they were of
Jewish origin, called New
Christians," and moreover no
official was to bother them with
charges of heresy, apostasy or
blasphemy, or to investigate their
practices during the time that they
had previously lived as Christians or
anything else concerning their
religion. However, in 1555, at the
start of the Counter-Reformation,
Pope Paul rv reversed the liberal
papal policy. Rejecting the
commercial raison d'etat of his
predecessors, he had over two dozen
Jews in Ancona burned on the
grounds that they had relapsed from
Christianity, and thereby ended the
settling of Iberian Jews in Ancona.
Events proceeded very differently in
Venice, where there had not yet
been an authorized Jewish
community in 1492. The Repubhc
maintained a protectionist pohcy
that permitted only Venetians and
also reciprocally Ottoman subjects
to engage in trade with the Levant.
In 1541 the Ottoman Jewish
merchants, many of whom were
presumably of Iberian origin,
complained that they did not have
enough room in the ghetto nuovo
(the new ghetto). In response, the
Venetian government,
acknowledging that those Jews were
importing the larger part of the
merchandise coming from the
Ottoman Balkans and realizing that
it was necessary to make some
concessions in order to compete
with Ancona, assigned them
additional quarters in the adjacent
area known as the ghetto vecchio
(the old ghetto).
Meanwhile, the commerce of
Venice with the eastern
Mediterranean was declining.
Consequently, in 1589, the
Venetian government took the
significant step of approving a
charter submitted on behalf of
"Jewish Levantine, Spanish and
other merchants." This charter
allowed Jewish merchants,
including fornier Iberian New
Christians, to settle in Venice for 10
years and to trade with the Levant
on the same terms as native
Venetian subjects.
These events in Venice did not go
unnoticed elsewhere on the Italian
peninsula. The Medicean Grand
Dukes of Tuscany sought to
augment their maritime commerce
by creating a major trade center at
Livorno, which possessed one major
geographic asset: unlike Venice and
Ancona, it was more conveniently
located on the western side of Italy,
directly across the Mediterranean
30 Brandeis Review
Whatever the number of
Spanish Jews who reached
the Ottoman Empire, their
presence benefited its
relatively backward
economy considerably.
from France and Spain. In 1591
Grand Duke Ferdinand of Tuscany
issued a charter known as "La
Livomina." It basically remained in
effect until Napoleon, and then
again after him, until the end of the
Grand Duchy of Livomo in I860.
Although "La Livomina" formally
invited "merchants of any nation,
Levantine, Ponentine, Spanish,
Portuguese, Greek, German and
Italian, Jewish, Turkish, Moorish,
Persian and others" to settle in
Livomo and Pisa, its provisions
clearly indicate that it was intended
primarily to attract Jews and
Judaizing New Christians. "La
Livomina" contained the same
basic privileges as the Venetian
charter of 1589, but with very
attractive additional ones, such as
the right to engage in local retail
trade, permission to purchase real
estate and exemption from wearing
signs that would distinguish Jews
from their Christian neighbors.
Furthermore, no provision was ever
made for the establishment of a
ghetto in Livomo or Pisa, even
though some 20 years earlier, Jews
had been required to live in one in
Florence and Sienna.
The course of events in Venice, and
subsequently in Livomo, induced
the popes to maintain and even
extend their conciliatory policy
toward the Jews — but no longer
toward Iberian New Christians
assuming Judaism — in Ancona for
competitive commercial reasons.
Consequently, as the 10-year
Venetian charter of 1589 approached
its expiration, the Senate renewed it
for another 10 years, and
subsequently every 10 years
throughout the 1 7th century, and
the Jews of Venice retained their
special commercial privileges until
the Venetian republic came to its
endm 1797.
In the meantime, as a consequence
of the same considerations of laison
d'etat, new Western Jewish centers
were established by former Iberian
New Christians. They increasingly
prospered, and soon eclipsed those
m the Mediterranean. First, after the
Calvinist Netherlands threw off the
yoke of Catholic Hapsburg Spain
and emerged as Holland,
Amsterdam provided a most
welcome haven starting around
1600. Then Protestant England with
Its growing port of London became
an attractive option after the 1650s.
Southern France was another
possibility: although one could not
openly be a Jew there until around
the end of the 1 7th century, the fact
that there was no Inquisition there
made residence attractive for those
New Christians who either desired
to escape potential harassment by
the Iberian Inquisitions or else were
satisfied to observe Judaism only in
relative secrecy. Soon Portuguese
crypto-Jewish New Christian
communities emerged in southem
France, especially in Bordeaux and
Bayonne.
A case of mercantilist raison d'etat,
which was to have great
significance, occurred in the New
World. After the Dutch captured
northeastern Brazil from the
Portuguese in 1630, some Dutch
Jews of Iberian origin settled in
Dutch Brazil; when the Portuguese
retook Brazil in 1654, they were
required to leave. Most returned to
Holland, but some went to Dutch
New Amsterdam. Peter Stuyvesant,
the Dutch governor, wrote to the
directors of the Dutch West Indies
Company in Amsterdam expressing
his desire that "the deceitful race —
such hateful enemies and
blasphemers of the name of
Christ — be not allowed further to
infect and trouble this new colony."
The Iberian Jews of Amsterdam
responded with a petition
requesting that the new Jewish
arrivals be allowed to stay in New
Amsterdam. Among other things,
they claimed that the greater the
population of New Amsterdam,
"the better it is. ..in regard to the
payment of various excises and
taxes. ..and in regard to the increase
of trade." The arguments of Jewish
merchants of Old Amsterdam were
heeded and the Jews were allowed
to stay in New Amsterdam. Thus,
the same considerations of
commercial and fiscal raison d'etat
that led to the admission of the
Iberian Jewish merchants to various
Mediterranean jurisdictions and
elsewhere in Westem Europe also
were invoked in the New World,
and thus started what was to
become the Jewish community of
the United States of America. ■
Anyone who has to place a friend or family
member in a residential care facility quickly
becomes aware of the role and function of the
direct care worker. Whether the facility is a
home for the retarded, the autistic or the
emotionally disturbed, a psychiatric
institution or a nursing home, the direct care
worker is the person performing the daily
tasks, such as bathing, feeding, toileting,
dressing and supervising.
A New Program
for Direct
Care Practice
by Patricia Gordon
Lamanna '69
Most of the resident's time is spent in the care
of these workers. In contrast, the time spent
in treatment is usually limited to no more
than a few hours per day, at most. To be sure,
direct care workers are frequently informed of
the treatment plans of the clients under their
supervision, and requested to follow up on the
orders issued by treatment teams consisting
of psychiatrists, psychologists and other
specialists. However, most direct care
workers are ill-prepared to implement these
plans, having had little formal training or
education in these fields. Those workers who
do have the ability to carry out a treatment
plan often feel frustrated and unappreciated,
as they are not consulted or given
opportunities to offer their own insights or
suggestions as to how their clients should be
cared for.
The low salaries paid to these workers and the
fact that their contributions are neither
solicited nor respected drives many from the
field. Those who remain in direct care work
are forced to go from one agency to another in
search of small salary increases, resulting in a
high turnover rate and, in many cases, inferior
care for clients.
The problem is nationwide. While there is no
systematic, uniform attempt to ensure that
direct care workers remain unskilled, most
residential treatment facilities in this country
operate according to a "top down" model
whereby an executive director oversees
several layers of middle managers, who in
tum supervise the direct care workers, giving
them little responsibility either in terms of
accountability or autonomy. The result, in
New York state for example, is a 50 percent
turnover of direct care workers, with most
staying in the field less than two years.
In 1989, a group of agencies, human services
educators and concerned individuals based in
New York's Mid-Hudson Valley region met to
address this problem. The agencies included a
school for autistic and emotionally disturbed
children; a home for children from
dysfunctional families; several homes for
disturbed adolescents; several facilities
serving the retarded; and two county-wide
mental health agencies. Also present were
representatives from Dutchess Community
College, the State University of New York at
New Paltz, Marist College and other
educational institutions. The individual
members included direct care workers and
parent/advocates of institutionalized children.
The relationship among the institutions of
higher learning and community service
agencies has always been close in the Mid-
Hudson Valley. Human service workers
frequently move into positions in academia,
either full-time or as adjuncts, while
continuing to work in the field. Many
academics serve as consultants or as board
members for community agencies. All of the
schools utilize community agencies as field
internship sites for social work, mental
health, child care and human sei-vices
programs. This ongoing relationship between
educational institutions and human service
agencies facilitated communication and
collaboration in this endeavor.
People in attendance at that first meeting
experienced the problems outlined above on a
day-to-day basis. These professionals, who
had devoted their careers to helping people in
need, were constantly plagued by the high
turnover rate and lack of competence on the
part of direct care staff at their agencies. They
were acutely aware of the pivotal role that
direct care workers play in their clients' lives,
and of the potential wealth of information
about clients' needs and behaviors that could
be provided by caring, trained workers. They
agreed that previous attempts to resolve the
problem, such as in-service training within
each agency or tuition reimbursement for
workers interested in furthering their formal
education, only served to increase the already
intolerable tumover rate. It seemed that the
system itself required a radical overhaul if the
needs of the client population were to be met.
Fortunately, it was not necessary for the Mid-
Hudson Coalition for the Development of
Direct Care Practice, as it named itself, to
"reinvent the wheel" in order to come up
with a more workable system of service
delivei7. Several members of the Coalition
had been to Europe and studied the European
systems of training for direct care work. Some
of the agencies had hosted field interns from
32 Brandeis Review
Scandinavian countries. They were aware that
in Europe, direct care workers hold the U.S.
equivalent of a bachelor's degree and must
apply for government certification before they
can work with clients. The workers, referred
to as "social pedagogues" or "educateurs," are
seen, as their titles imply, as "teachers" of
their charges and not merely custodians. They
play an active role on the treatment team,
consulting with specialists, keeping records
on their clients' progress, staying in touch
with parents or other relatives. This type of
worker is often referred to in this country as a
"generalist."
Needless to say, these trained generalists are
better paid than our direct care workers;
however, the need for several layers of
supervisors is eliminated, making the system
more cost effective in the long nin. Whereas
in the United States as many as six
organizational layers may lie between client
and executive director, in Denmark, for
example, there are often only two.
Furthermore, the need for constant retraining
of new workers is greatly reduced, as the
average worker remains on the job far
longer — 15 years in Denmark as opposed to
six months in the United States.
The Mid-Hudson Coalition focused on
Denmark as its model because Danish
professionals had been working in the Mid-
Hudson region on an exchange program and
were available for consultation. Of course,
there are variations from one European
country to another, but the basic philosophy
inherent in the European model is essentially
the same, and stands in stark contrast to the
philosophy that drives most American
institutions. As Margaret Calista, director of
the Social Work Program at Marist College
and a Coalition member puts it, "Our
institutions are stmctured to maintain the
institution, providing basically custodial or
management-oriented care, hi the European
model, they are client-centered." Mary Lou
Delia Guardia, chair of the Child Care and
Family Services Program at Dutchess
Community College, a program that is
moving toward the European method of
training for direct care work, agrees: "In
Europe the clients are understood. In the
United States they are managed and
controlled."
Another major philosophical difference is the
"holistic" approach advanced in Europe
versus the "fragmented" approach commonly
used here. In the United States, a group of
specialists determines a treatment plan for a
client; however, each member of the group is
responsible for implementing only one part of
that plan. In the generahst model, as Calista
states, "someone is willing to take
Patricia Gordon Lamanna was
graduated magna cum laude from
Brandeis with a B.A. in sociology,
and received tier M.S.W. from
Hunter College Graduate School of
Social Work in community
organization and planning. Since
then, she has served as a
consultant for a home care agency,
providing social services to home
care patients, and has taught
Those workers who
do have the ability to
carry out a treatment
plan often feel
frustrated and
unappreciated, as
they are not
consulted or given
opportunities to offer
their own insights
or suggestions as to
how their clients
should be cared for.
Systematic Training for Effective
Parenting (STEP) to parent
groups. She is currently the field
lab supervisor for field interns
enrolled in the ll/lental Health
Assistant Program and teaches
the Field Practicum Seminar at
Dutchess Community College in
Poughkeepsie. Lamanna
previously worked at Marist
College in Poughkeepsie,
assisting the director of field
work, and her paper, "A Working
Model ofaBSW Program at a
Maximum Security Correctional
Facility, " was published in
Selected Papers from the 22nd
Annual Conference of the New
York State Social Work Education
Association.
In Europe, direct
care workers hold
the U.S. equivalent
of a bachelor's
degree and
must apply for
government
certification before
they can work
with clients.
responsibility for the whole." There is also no
division between custodial care and
treatment. Those responsible for custodial
care also deliver treatment, in the sense that
they choose the appropriate forms of therapy
and follow through on the recommendations
of the specialists involved in the client's
treatment. This results in a more highly
integrated level of care for the client.
Frank Mulhem is chair of the Mid-Hudson
Coalition for Direct Care Practice and
executive director of the Anderson School, a
residence for autistic and emotionally
disturbed children. He has begun to change
the stmcture within his own agency to reflect
the philosophy and structure of European
agencies that he has observed on several study
tours. He points out that "empowerment of
staff means empowerment of clients."
Through pilot projects, he has slowly
introduced higher levels of responsibility for
some of his direct care workers, allowing
them to work out their own schedules, and to
include time during the work day for
noncustodial duties such as contacting
clients' families, scheduling appointments
and doing paperwork. The result has been
lower turnover among staff assigned to the
pilot programs and a noticeable improvement
in the clients.
Effecting a fundamental change in an agency's
way of doing business is not an easy task.
While the goal is eventually to reduce the
number of middle-management positions,
this must be done without undue sacrifice to
dedicated, skilled practitioners, who have
worked hard to achieve those positions.
Unions and negotiated contracts often come
into play; government regulations regarding
staffing patterns must be adhered to; and one
must come up with the money to hire skilled
direct care practitioners and find a way to
train people for these newly-created generalist
positions.
Frank Mulhem,
chair of the Mid-
Hudson Coahtion
for Direct Care
Practice and
executive director
of the Anderson
School, a residence
tor autistic and
emotionally
disturbed children
This last problem was addressed by the State
University of New York-New Paltz campus,
which was represented on the Coalition by
members of the sociology department. After
extensive consultation, the department
proposed that it offer a degree program in
sociology with an emphasis in direct care,
modeled after the type of education provided
by the Seminaries of Social Pedagogy in
Denmark. Students would take a general
liberal arts program, with some additional
social science courses, in the first two years of
college. Specialization in the direct care
concentration would begin in the third year,
and culminate in a bachelor's degree with a
major in sociology and an emphasis in direct
care. The training would include field
internships at local agencies employing the
new model, in addition to courses in
psychology, sociology, special education and
art.
The decision to locate the direct care program
in the sociology department was made partly
as a result of the personal experiences of a
member of that department. This professor
had a family member who spent many years
as an inpatient at various institutions. He felt
convinced that the inappropriate, indifferent
care she received from many of the direct care
workers caused her to "regress substantially
very quickly." He wanted to be personally
involved in a project that would improve the
training and level of competency of such
workers. As he pointed out, "Institutions are
trying to do a better job. They simply have to
have a better-trained staff to do it."
Beginning in the late 1980s, several European
professionals visited the Mid-Hudson region
to share their perspective on direct care
practice and the role and training of the
generalist. The collaboration among these
professionals, local agencies and the colleges
that participated in the Coalition laid the
groundwork for a coordinated effort to train
American generalists for work in residential
settings and to restructure agencies in order to
provide internship sites and jobs for those
students.
hi September 1991, a group of Coalition
members, including three college professors,
three agency executives and a representative
of New York state's Office of Mental
Retardation/Developmental Disabilities,
traveled to Denmark to observe their
programs and meet with Danish educators.
During this trip, the participants began to
develop a curriculum adapting the Danish
social pedagogy training program to the
requirements of the American educational
system, and to the practice needs of the field.
An agreement with the Danish Ministry of
Education was developed whereby a Danish
professor of social pedagogy would spend a
year at the campus of SUNY-New Paltz to
34 Brandeis Review
teach seminars, oversee the field internships
and train American professors in his methods.
The funding will come from a variety of
sources, including foundations, state and
federal government agencies, perhaps private
industry and possibly the Danish government.
The degree program in sociology with an
emphasis in direct care will be offered at
SUNY-New Paltz for the first time in
September 1992. Sixteen third-year American
students have been chosen to pilot this two-
year program. Some of the students spent
their first two years at New PaltZ; some come
from the field — direct care workers interested
in furthering their education and
professionalizing their occupation. Two are
graduates of the Child Care and Family
Services Program at Dutchess Community
College. Efforts are under way to coordinate
the training of students in this latter program
with the Bachelors in Direct Care being
offered at New Paltz. This should result in a
pool of workers trained at the associate's
degree level who can work comfortably
within the generalist model, as well as a
smooth transition for those who choose to
continue their education beyond the
associate's level.
The challenge for agencies in the Mid-Hudson
Valley at this point is to transform
themselves into generalist-model institutions
in time to accept the interns that will be
training with them. It's a circular situation —
how can one find generalists to train the
students, when the profession of "generalist"
does not currently exist? Some 20 agencies
have written to the sociology department at
SUNY-New Paltz commending it for
establishing the program, offering themselves
as field placement sites and giving assurance
that jobs for graduates of the program would
be available at salaries commensurate with
bachelor's-level training. In doing so, they
have agreed to become pioneers in uncharted
territory. The introduction of this new
professional will mean a different role for
agency administrators and for specialists from
other fields, requiring a profound
restructuring of the organizational flow chart.
The precise nature of the changes, and how
they will translate into improved care of
clients, is unknown as yet. The European
model has proven successful in countries with
populations far smaller than our own; with a
vei7 different system of payment for social
services; and with a different attitude toward
entitlements and provision of services to the
needy. Adapting this model to the American
style of doing things should prove interesting
and challenging.
In addition to bureaucratic impediments,
there are the very human responses that
inevitably slow progress, but are legitimate
and must be dealt with. Specialists, such as
teachers, social workers, therapists and
others, will ask: "Where does all this leave
me? If the direct care workers are trained to
teach the clients, to discuss their problems
with them, to contact relatives and other
agencies on their behalf, will this mean that
I'm out of a job? Will this mean that clients
Some students and
faculty in the
SUNY-New Paltz
direct caie practice
concentration at a
retreat
will tum to their 'generalist' and not to me
when they need help?" Such concerns, if not
recognized and acknowledged as reasonable,
could cause some staff at an agency to
sabotage the attempts of the administration to
put the new system into place.
Administrators have to be able to listen to
their staff and assuage their fears, realizing
that what is best for the client must also be
made best for the employees in order for it to
work. Mulhem's experience has been that
"initial resistance breaks down over time" —
as long as the change comes in small,
carefully planned increments and staff is
involved in every phase.
Change is always painful, and often involves
risk. In this particular case, however, the
benefits are so clear that it is hard to imagine
that anyone familiar with the current state of
affairs in residential treatment facilities
would not consider the generalist model to be
an improvement, well worth the effort
required to adopt it. The Mid-Hudson
Coalition's proposal is a modest one, but
change must start somewhere. The hope is
that, once word of this new model gets out,
the idea will spread throughout the New York
State University system and, ultimately,
nationwide. This article is in part an effort in
that direction, and the author welcomes any
response from readers, particularly news of
similar programs elsewhere. As the Coalition
states in their proposal, "In essence, the
solution suggests a transformation of our
existing culture of care through the
development of an education for direct care
workers and their future influence within the
field." ■
Another major
philosophical
difference is the
'holistic" approach
advanced in
Europe versus
the "fragmented"
approach
commonly used
here.
Christopher Columbus
in History
and the Novel
by Benigno Sanchez-Eppler
Whether we join in the celebration
of the quincentenary of Columbus's
Bahamian landfall, or whether we
protest it with a critical observance
of 500 years of European
imperialism and genocide,
somehow we have to become
acquainted with the figure of
Christopher Columbus. As an
educator helping students to
sharpen their reading and writing, I
try to turn every bit of usable
hoopla into a pedagogical
opportunity. The polemical heat
generated by the quincentennial
prods us to reflect on the need for
evaluating the historical figure of
Christopher Columbus.
The figure of Columbus has been
developed in a variety of texts, from
his own administrative
correspondence, daily navigational
records and litigation papers to the
reports about him by court
ambassadors and correspondents;
from history written by medieval,
renaissance and romantic
practitioners of rhetorical and
narrative arts to more positivist
history with its method for
"objectively" recording the past.
Also, Columbus crossed over into
Hterature as a character in a list of
works that starts with a 1 7th-
century drama by Lope de Vega, and
continues into the 20th century
with a play by Paul Claudel.
Two recent Latin American novels,
with their iconoclastic edge, vividly
illustrate the post-modernistic trend
to deny all authoritative claim to
objectivity. In Los perros del paiaiso
(1987; translated as The Dogs of
Paradise, 1989), the Argentinean
novelist Abel Posse constructs an
historical nightmare where
indigenous American leaders
discuss the downside of their project
to invade Europe, and Columbus's
first westbound fleet is depicted
dodging all the traffic in the North
Atlantic that this very voyage
inaugurated.
The reader should be ready for a
juggling act of anachronistic
hallucinations: Columbus steers
past the Mayflower and
innumerable slavers, the SS emerges
in Castile, Nietzsche and Borges
exchange prophetic accusations
with Columbus who appears to be
monomaniacally disabled by his
obsession with finding and
possessing Paradise in the newly
discovered lands. While Columbus
(the Edenic escapist), Bartolome de
Las Casas (the militant Christian
philanthropist and defender of the
Indians) and Ulrico Nietz (the
radical God-is-dead humanist) find
themselves at loggerhead over
higher prmciples, the gold- and
slave-grabbing conquistadores unite
to take control of the colonial
enterprise. The modem world is
thus founded on the very ruins of
Paradise, Christian charity and the
dignity of radical humanism.
Posse's antihistorical craftsmanship
resorts to an anachronistic
simultaneity of events usually
deployed chronologically in more
conventional narrations, thus
pointing to a whirl of relationships
between deeds of Columbus and
their possible repercussions
throughout the last 500 years.
Benigno Sanchez-Eppler
was born in Cuba
and emigrated to Ecuador
before coming to the
United States as a
teenager. He received his
B.A. from Williams
College magna cum laude
with High Honors in
Spanish, and two years
later received a B.A. in
modern and medieval
languages from
Cambridge University
with Class I Honors. He
earned an M.Phil, in Latin
American Studies from
Cambridge University
and a Ph.D. in Hispanic
studies from fohns
Hopkins. He has received
isionary
Before Posse, Cuban novelist Alejo
Carpentier, in El arpa y la sombra
(1979; translated as The Harp and
the Shadow. 1990) had already
provided an unabashed
antihistorical narrative. Carpentier's
way of telling Columbus's story
shows how a novelist can fomi, re-
form or deform an historical
character to provide a new lens for
reading history and the documents
on which such histories are based.
Carpentier's novel chronicles the
failed attempt to canonize
Christopher Columbus, juxtaposing
two related but very different
historical documents of the late
15th century of Columbus's voyages
and of the 19th century when the
Vatican and a group of historians
attempted to produce Columbus as
a truly global saint. As a remarkable
structural strategy to reveal how
iconography develops, Carpentier
crafts his text in the shape of a
triptych: one larger central panel
36 Brandeis Review
//
...(historvrec
nn award fiom the
National Endowment for
the Humanities, the
Herohel Smith
Scholarship and a Mellon
Fellowship.
Sdnchez-Eppler, assistant
professor of Latin
American studies and
comparative literature
and Manheimer Term
Assistant Professor,
mined the Brandeis
faculty in 1 989 and has
since developed a wide
array of courses in Latin
American literature and
cultural studies. He
recently began teaching a
course, Columbus:
Encounters and
Inventions, inspired by
participation in a
National Endowment for
the Humanities Faculty
Institute on "Early Latin
American Texts. "
Among his publications are
two book-length studies
of the work of Cuban
author fose Lezama Lima
and the relationship
between the author's
poetics and his
participation in cultural
production beyond the
poem. He is now
conducting a study of
homosexuality and Cuban
national identity in the
literary works of gay
political dissident and exile
Reinaldo Arenas.
depicting the image of the hero, the
possible saint, flanked by two
correspondingly smaller panels that
show the main proponent of the
canonization — Pope Pius IX — on the
left, and the melee of historians
pushing for Columbus's
canonization on the right.
The first of its three parts offers a
brilliant hut controversial idea that
had obsessed Pius ever since his
visit to America as a young canon:
"It was necessary to make a saint of
Christopher Columbus for many
reasons, reasons of faith as much as
politics" (p. 8). Thus the canonizers
themselves, more than the potential
candidate for sanctification, emerge
as the real subjects in the
canonization. This critique of the
succession of historical operations
that made possible the secular
enshrinement of Columbus, also
invites us to ask how we invest
anybody, from the past or the
present, with hero, founder, saint or
icon status.
The novel's central chapter — the
large panel of the triptych, the
image of the "saint" — consists of
Carpentier's fabricated transcript of
the last confession by which
Columbus intended to come clean,
but which he never quite managed
to deliver to his confessor. The
confession turns the reader into an
eavesdropper on a self-denunciation
that no one else ever heard. The
stoiy is handed over to a first person
narrator at the brink of death, a
character momentarily possessed by
the need to discredit all his
previously self-serving
autobiographic or official statement,
and by extension, the lot of the
pious historical accounts. The
confession lampoons the foibles of a
compulsive liar, and lies that grow
until they just have to prove
themselves true. Carpentier
capitalizes on the comic
possibilities of having Columbus
himself be the one who debunks
that inflated perception of himself
and his enterprise that he did so
much to set on course.
In the third and final panel of the
novel, Carpentier's Columbus
becomes a disembodied shadow
who haunts the halls of the Vatican
English language fragments from The
Dogs of Paradise, by Abel Posse
Dn the shor
t(i eavesdrop on the proceedings
where his canonization is proposed
and challenged. The hilarity of this
section depends on the counterpoint
of Columbus's depressive concern
with the future of his image, while
he witnesses the disorderly conduct
of the motley crew of historians,
proponents and detractors as they
fight over the admiral's merits and
demerits.
In this satire on the very conduct of
history, the reader witnesses the
pathos of Columbus's shadow,
complaining that the statues to be
built in his honor will not look like
him, and that "man does not live by
statues alone" (p. 157). The end of
the novel equates the dissolution of
the shadow of Columbus with that
process by which a succession of
historical narratives — inaugurated
with his own attempts to assert a
heroic persona — enshrines a figure
that has little if anything to do with
his real self.
Carpentier's novel drives home
something we can learn by
observing the latest history: the
newest version tends to qualify or
disable the previous one, based on
the authority of some new evidence
or some improved historiographical
method. Since we have no
incontestable access to what
actually happened, since we cannot
actually get in touch with
Columbus's presence, all that
remains is the multiplicity of
representations.
If we organize our reacquaintance
with Columbus in the manner
suggested here, we abandon any
residual faith in the ultimate
reliability of any historical account.
We can therefore experience
Columbus as a gallery of characters
in a succession of narratives. Instead
of debating the truth or falsity of
this or that report, the gallery
ipproach will invite readers to
reflect on how different texts
represent him, even nonfiction
narrative.
Any exposure to the gallery of
characters created around the figure
of Columbus should begin with a
reading of the Admiral's self-
representations in his own papers.
The Four Voyages of Columbus
(translated and edited with
introduction and notes by Cecil
Jane) contains Columbus's letters
and memoranda to the court, along
with other narratives and legal
depositions left by other
participants in expeditions. These
are the first narratives by which a
variety of observers, and primarily
Columbus himself, attempted to
represent for Europeans both the
nature of the lands and people and
the hardships they experienced
during exploration and early
settlement.
To appreciate the reaction of Europe
to the news of discovery contained
in Columbus's first letter (1493),
note that by the end of 1494 the
letter had been printed and
published in at least four Spanish
versions, nine editions of a Latin
translation, three versions of Italian
prose and one rendition in Italian
verse. Columbus waivers between
asking for just rewards for his
unprecedented initiative and asking
for recognition as a mere tool of
royal mandate or divine providence.
He is extremely concerned with the
formal description of the repeated
ceremonies for taking possession of
land for Spain, and fulfilling the
requirements of the juridical
stipulations of emerging
international law with respect to
the act of establishing possession of
previously unclaimed territories
(though, of course, denying even the
possibility of any claim to those
lands by their indigenous
inhabitants). Columbus carefully
accumulates in his texts
descriptions of what he finds: land
turns into landscape, savages into
potential Christians or slaves,
hardly any gold into promise of
more gold. His own report provides
for us a Columbus who
superimposes on what he
encounters the desires of what he
and Europe might have wanted or
needed to see, turning what Europe
lacked into what Europe could own
as property or accept as meaning.
Columbus's own memorandum
about his second voyage and the
interlinear responses of the Cathohc
sovereigns provide the first graphic
example of the difficulties in
exercising colonial power by mail.
This memo and its answers
comprise the first transatlantic
administrative dialogue, which was
to become the mainstay and major
stumbling block to an orderly
administration of far-flung domains.
Here Columbus presents himself as
38 Brandeis Review
a saint of plane
an administrator and tries to give
shape, first of all, to his relationship
with the monarchs. While
Columbus depicts himself as an
essential tool in spreading
Christianity and portrays the
churchmen in the enterprise as
something of an obstacle to
administration, the laconic
responses of the sovereigns identify
where Columbus's desires agree or
conflict with royal designs. Often
enough the items of the memo are
received with a brief: "He has done
well" or "So it shall be done" or
"Don Juan de Fonseca is to provide
for this." But at times Columbus's
viceregal initiatives are parried with
a call for more deliberations or, at
times, bluntly interdicted. Asking
to be sent more supplies, Columbus
suggests: "Payment for these things
could be made. ..in slaves, from
among these cannibals, a people
very savage and suitable for the
purpose, and well made and of very
good intelligence. ..And further, on
these slaves which they carry their
highnesses could levy a duty there."
The sovereigns' responses — always
interlinear and in italics — "As to
this, the matter has been postponed
for the present... until another
voyage has been made from there,
and let the admiral write that
which occurs to him concerning
this matter" (p. 92).
In Columbus's account of his third
voyage, another letter for Ferdinand
and Isabella, the beleaguered
administrator of Hispaniola turns
into the apologist for all his
previous efforts and failures. Under
the weight of not having delivered
on his promises to the supporters of
his enterprise, he changes registers
to represent himself not as a
successful merchant or colonial
administrator, but as the Discoverer
of Paradise. In a later report from
the same voyage, Columbus comes
to terms with the depths of his
disgrace. This letter to the nurse of
the Crown Prince stands as his most
intimate exercise in self-portraiture.
Columbus details the uprising
against him in Hispaniola, and his
subsequent return to Spain as a
prisoner. He frames his new status
as fallen from grace — royal or
divine — to enhance his standing as a
hero, now with pathetic or tragic
overtones, thus providing one of the
most moving authorial maneuvers
in his succession of self-
representations.
The Diario of Christopher
Columbus's First Voyage to
America, abstracted by Bartolome
de Las Casas, is another Columbian
masterpiece of self- writing. The
joumal of the first voyage has itself
produced a great deal of speculation
about the creation of Columbus as a
character. Las Casas's transcription
of this day-by-day account of the
first voyage is perhaps the closest
we can come to being there, not just
in the westward ships, but also
looking over the shoulder of
Columbus as he was writing it all
down, and being there also looking
over the shoulder of Fray Bartolome
de Las Casas as he was reading and
culling from the admiral's daily
report, the original of which has not
yet been found. The figure of the
mariner becomes more and more
complicated; he keeps for himself
one tally of the distances traveled
and another tally for his crew,- he
has to cajole his companions to
keep going west; he kidnaps native
interpreters; and obsessively seeks
for gold that he is always just about
to find. The reader wonders to what
extent this figure is a creation of
Columbus himself, and to what
extent he is a creation of Fray
Bartolome de Las Casas, that family
friend who was as interested in
upholding the worth of Columbus —
whose stock had gone down — as he
was dedicated to documenting his
denunciations against those
genocidal conquistadores. the first
wingbp
dXl
AND T H E v..
English language fragments from The
Harp and the Shadow, by Alejo
Carpentier
pagar en
esclavos
of which — Las Casas reahzes as he
reads and culls — could have been
Columbus himself.
Las Casas gives us his historical
reworking of the figure of
Columbus, inside a narrative
polemically poised against the more
officially acceptable accounts of
16th-century Spanish historians like
Oviedo and Gomara. Las Casas's
accounts, entwined with his
denunciations of the genocidal
treatment of the Amerind
population, very early in the 16th
century became one of the seminal
texts of Northern European
histories of the Spanish conquest,
the so-called Black Legend. In this
trajectory Columbus's actions
remained somewhat tainted, a stain
which came to be removed — in
English at any rate — with the work
of North American historians in the
19th century.
Washington kving's massive four-
volume Life and Voyages of
Columbus (1828) stands as the most
influential 19th-century
biographical account of Columbus.
Constructed with access to the
then-recently rediscovered
Columbian journals and papers,
here is a life's story that this literary
master would not have wanted us to
confuse with any of his fictional
contributions, and that,
nevertheless, illustrates more
clearly than most the similarities
between the creation of a fictional
character, and the elaboration of
detail by which a historical
character is made "real" or
"palpable."
eyo.
In the 20th century, Samuel Eliot
Morison stands quite comfortably as
the heir of the major narrative
historians of the previous century.
Christopher Cohmihus, Mariner is
Morison's own 1954 abridgment of
his Admiral of the Ocean Sea: A
Life of Christopher Columbus. The
year 1942 — the digital anagram of
1492 — saw the simultaneous
launching of Admiral in two
versions: the two-volume edition
with a fully deployed
historiographical rigging and a one-
volume edition without notes that
won the Pulitzer Prize for
biography.
Entering the world of Morison's
Mariner, the reader confronts
passages where the historian's
imagination provides a clearer
image of events, a more textured
sense of materials, physical
processes and feelings than anyone
could possibly find in the
documentary record. From the
outset, Morison's central image of
Columbus as a sailor functions to
stmcture the facts that make the
story. One wonders to what extent
the sailor Columbus amounts to the
projection of Morison the sailor:
"After reading almost everything on
the subject that was in print
[Morison] reached the conclusion
that what Columbus wanted was a
sailor biographer, one who knew
ships and sailing and who had
visited, under sail, the islands and
mainland that he discovered" (p.vii).
The struggle with Columbuses
keeps boiling. For example,
Kirkpatrick Sale's The Conquest of
Paradise, charged with a present day
counterimperialist and ecological
focus, is an exciting reading
precisely because of its polemical
tone. Those who disagree with the
generalized debunking of the heroic
or iconographical status of
Columbus should fmd it as thought-
provoking as those who agree with
it. Sale's narrative does not blame
Columbus alone for all the
demographic and ecological
disasters occasioned by European
expansion, but points to
Columbus's actions and attitudes as
inaugurally emblematic of every
one of its repercussions.
How far can we argue that every
society at every historical juncture
needs to erect for itself the images
of heroes such as Columbus,
Discoverer and Civilizer, and
images of antiheroes such as
Columbus, the Genocidal Destroyer
of American ecological, cultural and
spiritual order? Historians
themselves, with their successions
of revisions and what they hope
amount to progressively better
accounts of what happened, are the
first to acknowledge the problem of
truth-claims of any one history: the
older the history, or the more
eccentric the focus of the historian,
the more problems historians from
the present or from the center will
find with the presentation.
If Don Quixote went mad fusing his
responses to history [historia] and
his responses to story (also historia),
we are recommending a madness
that reverses his. I am not as
interested in demythologizing, say,
the figure of Columbus, as I am in
framing an invitation to the study of
the succession of myths spun
around even one figure for a variety
of cultural reasons in a variety of
cultural settings. Treating those
myths, together with whatever may
still stand in our moment as our
cluster of truth about Columbus,
and discussing their
superimposition as a gallery of
characters in a succession of
narratives, may actually tell us
something about the way we turn
stories into history, or about the
way we understand our history by
telling stories. ■
Spanish language fragments from The
Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus,
Cecil Jane, ed.
40 Brandeis Review
Bookshelf
BIOCHEMISTRY
Faculty
Robert H. Abeles, William
P. Jencks
and Perry A. Frey
Abeles is Aron and Imre
Tauber Professor of
Biocfiemistry and Molecular
Pharmacology and Jencks is
Gyula and Katica Tauber
Professor of Biochemistry
and Molecular
Pharmacodynamics
Biochemistry
Jones and Bartlett Publishers
This textbook is based on a
mechanistic rather than a
descriptive approach to
biochemistry and is
organized to allow a natural
transition from organic
chemistry to biochemistry,
with the biochemical
systems presented in order of
increasing chemical
complexity to ease the
comprehension of
biochemical principles.
Using over 500 illustrations,
sidebars of material not
essential to understandmg
the text but of possible
interest to students and
chapter summaries, this text
is appropriate for a one-
semester or full-year course
in biochemistry.
Mary B. Campbell
assistant professor of English
The Witness and the Other
World: Exotic European
Travel Writing. 400-1600
Cornell University Press
Surveying exotic travel
writing in Europe from late
antiquity to the age of
discovery. The Witness and
the Other World illustrates
the fundamental human
desire to change places, Lf
only in the imagination. The
author looks at works by
pilgrims, crusaders,
merchants and explorers,
including the accounts of
Marco Polo and Walter
Raleigh. Campbell defines
these travel logs as exotic
because they bear witness to
alienated experiences;
European travelers, instead of
relating fact, were often
passing on monstrous
projections. She contends
that these writings made
possible the conquest of the
peoples whom the travelers
described, and she shows
how travel literature
contributed to the genesis of
the modem novel and the
modem life sciences.
Sylvia Barack Fishman,
ed.
senior research associate and
assistant director, Maurice
and Marilyn Cohen Center
for Modem Jewish Studies
Follow My Footprints:
Changing Images of Women
in American Jewish Fiction
University Press of New
England
A reader with an
introductory essay and notes
by Fishman, this anthology
establishes a context for
literary treatment of women
in the Jewish tradition,
examining biblical and
rabbinical precedents and
identifying especially the
image of the "soldier"
woman that recurs regularly.
The selections, including
short stories and excerpts
from longer works, trace the
treatment of Jewish women,
beginning with the Yiddish
literature of Eastern Europe,
to the hardships of
immigration and
assimilation in America, to
the evolution of literary
stereotypes, to the
emergence of contemporary
women writers who claim
and record their own
experience.
Dian Fox
associate professor of Spanish
and comparative literature
Refiguring the Hero: From
Peasant to Noble in Lope de
Vega and Calderon
The Pennsylvania State
University Press
Refiguring the Hero
reassesses the social
significance of several of the
most widely read plays of
Spain's Golden Age in light
of then-contemporary ideas
about heroism. The Spanish
dramatists Lope de Vega and
Pedro Calderon de la Barca
are hailed by Hispanists as
democrats at heart for
making heroes of peasants.
The book discusses European
literary heroism through the
17th century, and pays
particular attention to the
Spanish traditions in which
noble blood and the
attainment of moral
enlightenment are the
essential characteristics of
the hero. Fox addresses the
role of the protagonists of
Spanish "peasant honor"
plays, in which a peasant
who has murdered a
nobleman who has offended
his honor is rewarded for his
actions by the reigning
monarch, and contends that
they are consistent with
other contemporary
European literary dramas in
reserving heroism in serious
works for socially superior
characters. Refiguring the
Hero was nominated for the
1991 Katherine Singer
Kovacs Prize, given by the
Modem Language
Association "for an
outstanding book published
in English in the field of
Latin American and Spanish
literatures and cultures"; and
the 1992 Barnard Hewitt
Award for Outstanding
Research in Theatre History,
given by the American
Society for Theatre Research
for a book published in the
United States in 1991.
Gregory L. Freeze, trans,
and ed.
professor of history
The Battle for Oil: The
Economics and Politics of
International Corporate
Conflict over Petroleum
1860-1930 by A. A. Fursenko
Jai Press Inc.
The revised and expanded
version of A.A. Fursenko's
Russian text. The Battle for
Oil. notes that beginning in
the late 19th century, the
importance of oil has steadily
risen in the economic and
political life of countries
throughout the world. The
battle for oil became an
organic component of the
world imperialist conflict
over the struggle for sources
of raw materials, markets
and spheres of influence, and
the beginning of this fight for
oil goes back to the
appearance of the first oil
tmsts in America, Russia,
Great Britain and the
Netherlands. This study
seeks to describe the events
that laid the basis for the
developments that have
since become so critical and
so dangerous for the world.
James Mandrell
assistant professor of Spanish
and comparative literature
Don Juan and the Point of
Honor: Seduction, Patriarchal
Society, and Literary
Tradition
The Pennsylvania State
University Press
This study of Don Juan
explores literary
representations and critical
and theoretical interpretations
in order to examine the many
questions regarding the
character, such as whether he
is an agent of social anarchy
or a positive expression of life.
Rather than addressing or
answering these questions,
the author shows what is at
stake by asking such
questions and what is at stake
in representations and
considerations of Don Juan.
He cites works with
interrelated issues regarding
Don Juan and suggests that
these issues are tied to the
concept of honor in literature
and society. Mandrell's view
is that Don Juan is a positive
social force in a patriarchal
society and culture, and a
character whose story and
vicissitudes are still
significant in the 20th
century.
Earl Raab, ed.
adjunct professor of Jewish
public policy, Hornstein
Program, and director,
Perlmutter Institute
American Jews in the 21st
Century: A Leadership
Challenge
Scholars Press
Radical loosening of external
constraints on Jews in
America and the scarcity of
Jews led to the prediction at
the end of the 19th century
of the imminent spiritual
death of American Jewry;
today the Jewish community
is again in the throes of that
concern. The authors in this
anthology address the
question of what the
leadership of the organized
Jewish community should do
to allay the homogenizing
effect of the American
society. Bernard Reisman,
professor of American Jewish
communal studies and
director of the Hornstein
Program, contributes a
chapter on "The Future of
the American Jewish
Community: Choices for its
Leadership"; Gary A. Tobin,
associate professor of Jewish
community research and
planning and director of the
Cohen Center for Modem
Jewish Studies, writes on
"The Future of the American
Jewish Community"; and the
editor provides a chapter on
"The Israel Connection and
the Future of American
Jewry."
Palle Yourgrau
associate professor of
philosophy
The Disappearance of Time:
Kurt Godel and the
Idealistic Tradition in
Philosophy
Cambridge University Press
Yourgrau explores the
philosophy of time inspired
by the writings of the
logician Kurt Godel (1906-
1978) in his evaluation of
Godel's attempt to show that
Einstein has not so much
explained time as explained
it away. This study also
concems itself with the
metaphysical implications of
the reality of time and
explores Godel's published
and unpublished thoughts on
time and existence with
special reference to related
discussion in Parmcnides,
Plato and Kant. Yourgrau
addresses Godel's belief in
the possibility of time travel
and the issue of the
significance of time for the
foundations of mathematics
as well as for an
understanding of the nature
of human existence.
Naomi S. Baron '68
Baron is professor of
linguistics and associate dean
in the College of Arts and
Sciences at the American
University, Washington, DC.
Growing Up with Language:
How Children Learn to Talk
Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company, Inc.
Children learn to make sense
of the babble around them
and become coherent
speakers and incipient
readers in just five or six
years. This book explores
how children put their first
words together, how they
struggle to understand
meaning and how they come
to use language as a creative
tool. Baron discusses the role
of the parent in the learning
process and how this role is
vital to a child's
development of language by
using three case studies. She
explores concems about
gender differences, birth
order and raising bilingual
children, as well as the
effects of adults' "baby talk"
on the development of
language and focuses on how
parents can instill an
enduring love of language
into their children.
Ghana Bloch '63, M.A. '65
Bloch is professor of English
and creative writing at Mills
College, California.
The Past Keeps Changing
The Sheep Meadow Press
The poems in The Past
Keeps Changing sue intimate
and domestic, revealing an
interest in family. Bloch
explores common
experiences of life: going to
school, celebrating holidays,
practicing the piano, falling
42 Brandeis Review
DAVID
BEN-GURION
and tlie .American .Alignment
for a Jewish State
in love, having chi
growing older and watching
our parents and grandparents
age. In "Milkweed," Bloch
writes, "Milkweed, mother
of promises, how do you live
so thin? I would have died
years ago." Although
occupied with death, she also
remembers youth. In "Chez
Pierre, 1961," she remembers
an awkward date, writing,
"The skirt's all wrong and
the shoes hurt: thin straps
and little pointed heels.
Borrowed clothing. She
crosses her legs under the
table. No." In her writing she
makes reference to Yiddish
and Hebrew writers and has
been awarded an NEA
Fellowship in Poetry, an
NEH Fellowship, the Book of
the Year Award of the
Conference on Christianity
and Literature and the
Columbia University
Translation Center Award.
Analyzing the
interrelationship of race,
class and gender and
exploring how they have
shaped the experiences of a.
people in the United States,
this book stresses that these
interlocking categories of
experience affect all aspects
of human life. The authors
also show the different ways
that other categories of
experience— e.g., age,
religion, sexual orientation,
physical ability, region and
ethnicity — also shape
systems of privilege and
inequality. The anthology is
divided into five sections:
Reconstructing Knowledge;
Toward Inclusive Thinking;
Conceptualizing Race, Class,
and Gender; Rethinking
Institutions; and Social
Change and the Politics of
Empowerment.
Allon Gal '70, M.A. '76
Gal is an associate professor
at the Ben-Gurion Research
Center and the Department
of History and chair of the
Center for the Study of
North American Jewry, Ben-
Gurion University of the
Negev, Israel.
David Ben-Gurion and the
American Alignment for a
Jewish State
Indiana University Press
David Ben-Gurion shaped a
new Zionist foreign policy
based on the assumed rise of
the United States as a world
power that would determine
the future of the Middle East.
This book traces the
evolution of the demand for a
Jewish state into a central
and specific aim of Zionist
policy and the interrelated
process by which Ben-Gurion
became increasingly oriented
toward the United States and
American Jewry at the
expense of Zionism's
historical connection with
Great Britain. Gal's study
charts Ben-Gurion's ascent
from the leadership of the
Yishuv (the Jewish
community in Palestine) to
prominence in world Zionist
and international diplomacy.
The book also portrays the
emergence of American
Jewry as a political factor
that strove to secure Jewish
interests in an open and self-
assured way.
Gloria Goldreich '55
Goldreich is the author of
Mother, Leah 's Children and
The Burning Harvest.
Years of Dreams
Little, Brown and Company
This novel spans the
friendship of four women
over three decades, from the
1960s to the present day.
Trust and betrayal, devotion
and desertion strain the
bonds between these women.
A secret is revealed and their
friendship is examined when
the pact entered into two
decades earlier is invoked
and a crisis forces them to
test their loyalty and the
meaning of their bond.
Ben Green '73
Green is an investigative
reporter living and working
in North Florida.
The Soldier of Fortime
Murders: A True Story of
Obsessive Love and Murder-
for-Hire
Delacorte Press
The future looked bright for
John Wayne Heam after he
placed an advertisement in
the classified section of
Soldier of Fortune magazine
?«3KK- •^>'--«-«-»'><.-.
:m( « ^ c li . .
GUIDE
offering to take on high-risk
assignments. He received
messages ranging from
fellow Vietnam veterans
looldng for a job to
propositions of mercenary
work and even murder.
Heam was intrigued when he
heard the charming voice of
Debbie Banister and her
request for help in a family
matter. With this one phone
call, his life and the lives of
three families in Florida and
Texas would be changed
forever. Green digs into the
lives of two men, two
famihes and two small
southern towns to unravel a
series of events that would
ultimately leave three people
dead and raise questions of
moral and legal
responsibility for murder.
Pranay Gupte '70
Gupte is a columnist for
Newsweek (International)
and a television producer in
New York City. He has also
been a contributing editor at
Forbes magazine.
Mother India: A Political
Biography of Indira Gandhi
Charles Scribner's Sons
This is a biography of the life
of Indira Gandhi, one of the
great leaders of the 20th
century, who rose to become
prime minister of a troubled
India of more than 900
million people. She grew up
in a household fiercely
dedicated to independence
from England, and as prime
minister wielded great
power, struggling ceaselessly
to bring India into the
modem world. Beleaguered
by conflicts with the
Muslims of Pakistan and the
Silchs of Punjab, Gandhi
became more militant and
eager for control. Corruption
resulted and she was
assassinated by two of her
bodyguards. This portrait of
Indira Gandhi provides an
analysis of the shrewd and
deft political figure that she
Barry W. Holtz, M.A. '73,
ed.
Holtz is associate professor
of Jewish education at the
Jewish Theological Seminary
of America and codirector of
the Seminary's Melton
Research Program.
The Schocken Guide to
Jewish Books
Schocken Books
Every year, numerous books
are published on every topic
of Jewish interest. The
purpose of this book is to
help the general readers find
their way through the maze
of Jewish literature in the
marketplace. The reader's
guide considers a wide-
ranging view of different
subjects as it recommends
key books in each field. A
variety of authors comment
on subjects such as the Bible,
the Talmud, Jewish history,
the Holocaust, contemporary
Israel, mysticism and Jewish
feminism.
|E^)(/1SH|
BOOKS^™
^^k>*
BARRY W HOLTZ
Nancy Jay, M.A. '80,
Ph.D. '81
Jay was a lecturer in social
sciences and religion at the
Harvard Divinity School at
the time of her death in
1991.
Throughout Your
Generations Forever:
Sacrifice. Religion, and
Paternity
The University of Chicago
Press
Sacrifice is a ritual that has
long fascinated and
confounded scholars of
religion. In this feminist
study of relations between
sacrifice, gender and social
organization, the author
reveals the act of sacrifice as
a remedy for having been
bom of woman, thus
establishing an enduring
system of male dominance
by excluding women from
this ceremony. She considers
the uses and limitations of
interpretive sociology for the
study of sacrifice in a wide
range of societies and offers a
general model for
distinguishing between
different aspects of sacrifice
to unfold her central
argument: that sacrifice
legitimates and maintains
social structures of
intergenerational continuity
between males.
Maeva Marcus '62, ed.
Marcus is director of the
Documentary History
Project, Supreme Court of
the United States.
Origins of the Federal
Judiciary: Essays on the
Judiciary Act of 1 789
Oxford University Press
The Judiciary Act of 1 789
established a federal court
system that became one of
the outstanding features of
American democracy. This
volume of essays analyzes
the Act from political and
legal perspectives while
providing an understanding
of the history of the judiciary
and its role in constitutional
interpretation. Using
previously unavailable
material, the essays focus on
such topics as early
interpretations of various
sections of the Act; whether
the Act presupposed a federal
Brandeis Review
common law; the problem of
dual office holdings by
judges; and early perceptions
of justice in the courts of
frontier America. The book
concludes with an essay
exploring the attitudes of the
framers toward judicial
independence.
Edward P. Morgan '52,
M.A. '75, Ph.D. '76
Morgan is professor of
government at Lehigh
University, Pennsylvania.
The 60s Experience : Hard
Lessons about Modern
America
Temple University Press
This book traces and
explains the evolution of a
democratic vision of
membership, empowerment
and respect for all people. It
follows the development of
this conception from the
early discontent in post-war
America through the
idealism and activism that
created the diverse
movements of the 1960s.
Joseph Wronka, Ph.D. '92
Wronka is an assistant
professor of social science at
Springfield College.
Human Rights and Social
PoUcyin the 21st Century
University Press of America
The objectives of this book
are to analyze the extent of
human rights principles, as
defined by the United
Nations Universal
Declaration of Human
Rights, m the United States'
federal and state
constitutions, and to identify
the implications of this
analysis for social policy in
the 21st century. Wronka
maintains that although
human rights traditions are
often unarticulated, all
human rights standards have
an historical and
philosophical basis. He
asserts that because the
Universal Declaration is a
compromise between
political and philosophical
ideals, a knowledge of the
historical-philosophical
dimension is necessary to
illuminate many of the
traditions it reflects.
Give the gift of good health this
"^ holiday season...NordicTrack. #^
Models priced f rum $299' to SIJW
Mordichack
■ W K A CML Company
The gift of health is priceless.
So are the benefits of
NordicTrack*.
There's nothint; more \alu.ible than a
fit, healthy body. That's wh>- tiiere's no
gift more valuable than a NordicTrack.
NordicTrack is more effective than
other in-home exercise machines
because it works both your upper and
lower body simultaneously. You use
more muscles during a NordicTrack
workout, so you burn more
calories - up to 1.100 per hour
according to research. You also increase
your cardiovascular condition more
easilv. help reduce your risk of diabetes.
In peitension and osteoporosis.
NordicTrack is a gift that
keeps giving.
You'll see and feel the benefits of a
NordicTrack exercise machine for
years to come, because NordicTrack
offers the one exercise program
you can stick to.
All it takes is twenty minutes three
times a week to achieve results.
■\X'hich makes it eas)- to fit into your
sihetlule. Research shows that people
U>\v their NordicTrack skiers. After
T xe.us. " out of 10 owners are
still using their machines more
than 3 times a week.
SO-day in-home triaV
FREE VIDEO and brochure, caU 1-800-328-5888 ext.^QB
.NorJicrrack, DepL
1U4 Peavey Road,
Chaska, MN 55318
a Please send i
Faculty Notes
Joyce Antler
associate professor of
American studies, delivered
the keynote address on "The
Women's Movement in the
1990s: A Status Report" at a
conference of the Chief
Executives Organization,
Radchffe College. She also
spoke at the Centennial
Symposium of the
University of Chicago on
"One Hundred Years of
Higher Education for
Women" and at the
centennial of women's
education at Brown
University on "The Mommy
Track in Historical
Perspective: Higher
Education and the Patterns of
Women's Lives."
Robert J. Art
Christian A. Herter Professor
of International Relations,
had the third edition of his
book. International Politics:
Enduring Concepts and
Contempoiary Issues.
published. This edition
includes a new preface and
new selections in four of its
five parts: Anarchy and its
Consequences; The Uses of
Force; The International
Political Economy; and
Justice, Human Rights and
the Global Environment.
Jon A. Chilingerian
assistant professor of human
services management and
codirector of the Pew
Doctoral Program in Health
Policy, The Heller School, is
conducting a study of
national health care
productivity for the Pew
Foundation. At the
Management Science
Institute Annual Meeting, he
chaired a session and
presented a paper on "New
Directions in Health Care
Management" for the
Operations Research Society
of America. For the term
1992-93, he will serve as
secretary-treasurer of the
Health Care Division of the
Operating Research Society
of America. He also has
written a chapter on
physician efficiency for Data
Envelopment Analysis: The
Theory, Applications and the
Process.
Jacques Cohen
Zayre/Feldberg Professor of
Computer Science and
National Center for Complex
Systems, was the invited
speaker in seminars at the
Institute National de
Recherche en Informatique,
Paris, and the Universities of
Grenoble, Nice and
Marseille. His talk on
massively parallel compilers
described research done at
Brandeis with the
participation of Niksa
Radovic, a Wien
undergraduate majoring in
computer science. He also
delivered an invited lecture
at Wheaton College on logic
programming languages
sponsored by the National
Science Foundation to foster
the teaching of recent
developments in
programming languages.
Margot Fassler
associate professor of music,
has been elected president of
the New England Chapter of
the American Musicological
Society.
Lawrence Fuchs
Meyer and Walter Jaffe
Professor in American
Civilization and Politics, had
his book. The American
Kaleidoscope: Race.
Ethnicity, and the Civic
Culture, adopted as the core
book for use by Wellesley
College in the 1991-92
cluster program for first year
students focusing on "race
and ethnicity" in
contemporary America. It
won the 1992 Theodore
Saloutos Memorial Book
Award for the "outstanding
work on immigration history
in the United States"
published in 1991. The
American Kaleidoscope was
also named as one of 200
outstanding works of fiction
and nonfiction published in
the United States in 1991 in
the aimual publication of
Magill's Literary Annual.
where it was reviewed
comprehensively. His article
on "Politics" appeared in the
Encyclopedia of Jewish -
American History and
Culture. His essay,
"Immigration History and
Immigration Policy: It Is
Easier to See from a
Distance," appeared in the
spring 1992 issue of the
Journal of American Ethnic
History and his essay,
"Thinking about
Immigration and Ethnicity in
the United States," appeared
in Immigration in Two
Democracies: France and
American Experience. He
accepted an appointment to
the editorial board of the
International Migration
Review and reappointments
to the boards of the
Immigration Policy Project of
the Camegie Endowment,
the Refugee Policy Group
and the American
Immigration Institute.
Martin Gibbs
Abraham S. and Gertrude
Burg Professor in Life
Sciences, was elected a
foreign associate. Academy
of Sciences of France. He was
the American organizer for
the Russian-USA Workshop
on Photosynthesis held in
Pushchino, Russia. In
addition to cochairing a
session and delivering a
lecture on "Chloroplast
Respiration," he presented
the opening remarks.
Janet Giele
professor. The Heller School,
has been awarded a grant
from the German Marshall
Fund of the United States to
conduct a study comparing
West and East German
women's lives with women's
changing life patterns in the
United States.
Ruth Gollan
adjunct associate professor of
Near Eastern and Judaic
Studies and director, Hebrew
and Oriental Language
Programs, delivered a paper,
"Developing Reading
Comprehension Through the
Use of Authentic Texts," at
the 1992 International
Conference on University
Teaching of Hebrew
Language and Literature,
Toronto.
Michael Harris
professor of mathematics,
delivered a paper, "Mixed
Hodge Structures on the
Boundary Cohomology of
Shimura Varieties," while
participating in an
international conference on
L-functions and automorphic
forms held at the Hebrew
University, Jerusalem.
Erica Harth
professor of humanities and
women's studies and
director. Center for the
Humanities, had her book,
Cartesian Women: Versions
and Subversions of Rational
Discourse in the Old
Regime, published.
Judith Herzfeld
professor of biophysical
chemistry, presented an
invited lecture describing the
elucidation of structure and
dynamics in
bacteriorhodopsin by solid
state nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy at
the Fifth International
Conference on Retinal
Proteins.
46 Brandeis Review
James T. Kloppenberg
associate professor of history,
discussed aspects of his
current research, a study of
democracy in America and
Europe since the 1 7th
century, at the Center for
Interdisciphnary Research,
Bielefeld, Germany,
Northwestern University
and New York University
while on leave during 1991-
92 with support from a
Guggenheim Fellowship. He
was elected a visiting
professor at the Ecole des
Hautes Etudes en Sciences
Sociales, Paris, and named to
the editorial board of La
Revue Tocqueville/The
Tocqueville Review, a
bilingual ioumal of cultural
studies.
Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow
adjunct assistant professor of
classical studies, presented a
lecture, "Greek Philosophy
and Roman Bowels: Health
Messages in the Bath," at the
annual meeting of the
Classical Association of the
Atlantic States, Villanova
University, Pennsylvania.
Marty Wyngaarden
Krauss
associate professor. The
Heller School, presented a
paper, "The Influence of
Support on Families across
the Life Course: Families of
Pre-school-aged Children," at
the Annual Symposium of
the Academy on Mental
Retardation, New Orleans.
She was appointed to the
board of directors of Special
Olympics International for a
three-year term and the
board of directors of the
Massachusetts Committee
on Children and Youth,
Boston. Krauss is coauthor of
Development of infants with
disabilities and theii
families: Implications for
theory and service delivery,
which is published as a
monograph for the Society of
Research in Child
Development.
Kenneth Kustin
professor of chemistry, spoke
about and demonstrated
oscillating reactions at
Madison Park High School,
Roxbury, MA, to provide
scientific outreach to the
community at large. He gave
the same presentation at an
exposition, "Solutions to the
Future," in the Great Hall of
the Massachusetts State
House, which was attended
by approximately 700
children along with their
teachers and some parents. In
addition, he presented
colloquia on "Oscillating
Reactions" to the New
Haven section of the
American Chemical Society;
"Beyond the Rate Law:
Chemical Waves,
Oscillations and Patterns" to
the Department of
Chemistry, University of
New Hampshire; and
"Vanadium and Tunichrome
in Sea Squirts" to the
Department of Chemistry,
Rhode Island College.
Margie E. Lachman
associate professor of
psychology, delivered an
invited lecture on "The
Sense of Control in Later
Life" to the National
Institutes of Health
Christopher Columbus
Quincentenary Program on
Aging: The Quality of Life.
She also gave an invited
lecture, "Challenging the
Mind: Learning Never Ends,"
at the Radcliffe College
Conference on Women Over
Fifty: Living Longer and
Smarter.
Robert J. Maeda
Robert B. and Beatrice C.
Mayer Professor of Fine Arts,
was awarded two grants to
do research on the lapanese-
American sculptor Isamu
Noguchi and his father, Yone
Noguchi. The first is a
Rockefeller Residency
Fellowship sponsored by the
Asian-American Studies
Program at University of
California at Los Angeles and
the second is a Whiting
Foundation Fellowship for
travel to Japan.
Alfred Nisonoff
professor of biology and
Rosenstiel Basic Medical
Sciences Research Center,
has received a one-year grant
from the American Cancer
Society to continue his
program entitled
"Mechanisms of Tolerance
and Autoimmunity to an
Endogenous Protein." During
the past two years of his
research, he has discovered
methods of inhibiting the
production of allergy-causing
antibodies. He believes that
work on the regulation of
antibodies will help
scientists understand how
the body's natural defenses
can attack cancer cells.
Benjamin CI. Ravid
Jennie and Mayer Weisman
Professor of Jewish History,
delivered an invited paper,
"An Introduction to the
Charters of the Jewish
Merchants of Venice," at an
international conference on
L'expusion des Juifs
d'Espagne et ses
consequences, the Sorbonne,
Paris.
Shulamit Reinharz
professor of sociology and
director. Women's Studies
Program, gave a talk to the
sociology department at the
University of California,
Santa Cruz, on her new
book. Feminist Methods in
Social Research. Her chapter,
"Manya Wilbushewitz-
Shohat and the Winding
Road to Sejera," appeared in
Pioneers and Homemakers:
fewish Women m Pre-State
Israel. She and her colleagues
in the Women's Studies
Program initiated a graduate
program to begin this fall
consisting of joint M.A.
degrees available to students
in numerous Ph.D. programs
on campus.
Bernard Reisman
professor of American Jewish
communal studies and
director, Homstein Program,
spent his spring 1992
sabbatical visiting Jewish
communities in South Africa
and Argentina. He lectured
and consulted with leaders of
Jewish communities for
Brazil, Uruguay and
Argentina. In addition, he
delivered a lecture to faculty
and students of the
University of Buenos Aires
on "New Social
Developments and Changes
in Organizational Leadership
in Not-for-Profit
Organizations." In South
Africa he spoke to Jewish
leaders in Johannesburg,
Cape Town, Port Elizabeth
and Durban.
Myron Rosenblum
Charles A. Breskin Professor
of Chemistry, presented two
talks, "Stereochemical
Perspectives in the Reactions
of Cyclopentadienyliron
Dicarbonyl Complexes" at
Comemus University,
Bratislava, Czechoslovakia,
and "Face to Face
Metallocene Polymers:
Synthesis, Structure and
Properties" at The Prague
Institute of Chemical
Technology.
Jonathan D. Sarna
Joseph H. and Belle R. Braun
Professor of American Jewish
History, was elected chair of
the Academic Council of the
American Jewish Fiistorical
Society at its annual meeting
in Washington, DC. He also
APRIL 27 - MAY 16, 1993
WITH
BESSIE HAHN,
BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN
Experience the adventure of China
with Shanghai-born Bessie Hahn.
Her broad knowledge of the
language, culture, and history of
this great country will open your
eyes to the wonders of China
as no other tour can.
3
Brdiitlei.s
Lui>orsit>
Nulioiial
WtMlU'llS
Cx)iiiiiii(UH
$4,949.00 PER PERSON
(BASED ON DOUBLE OCCUPANCY)
(Includes a $250.00 tax deductible
contribution to BUNWC)
Trip includes: Round Trip International Air
Transportation. First Class/Deluxe Hotel
Accommodations. Three Nights in
Hong Kong. Transfers. Sightseeing.
English-speaking Guides. Many Meals.
and Much More....
For additional information on this exciting
trip, contact BURTON TRAVEL.
vJO«IO
burton
vuwex
Valley Village Shopping Cemer
PO BOX 5886
BALTIMORE, MD 21208
TOLL FREE (800) 338-2485
PHONE (410)363-1900
FAX (410)356-7422
served as Colorado Jewish
History Week scholar-in-
residence at the Center for
Judaic Studies, Denver.
James H. Schuiz
la and Meyer Kirstein
Professor for Planning and
Adininistration of Aging
Policy, The Heller School,
testified before the
subcommittee on
Retirement Income and
Employment, U.S. House
Select Committee on Aging,
on data and issues related to
the economic problems of
older divorced women.
Barry B. Snider
professor of chemistry,
accepted an invitation to
serve as a member of the
Medicinal Chemistry Study
Section, Division of Research
Grants, for the next four
years. Members are selected
on the basis of their
demonstrated competence
and achievement in their
scientific discipline as
evidenced by the quality of
research accomplishments,
publication in scientific
journals and other significant
scientific activities,
achievements and honors.
He also presented a plenary
lecture on "Mechanistic and
Synthetic Aspects of Mn(in)-
Based Oxidative Free-Radical
Cyclizations" at the annual
Chemical Society of Japan
meeting in Osaka while a
visiting research scholar at
Tokyo Institute of
Technology.
Robert Weiner
assistant professor of
economics, spent a week as
the guest of the Christian
Michelsen Institute in
Bergen, Norway, an
economic research think
tank; was an invited speaker
at the 6th annual Joumees du
GREEN, a workshop
sponsored by a research
institute at Universite Laval,
Quebec City,- and received a
grant from Resources for the
Future for a research project
entitled "Origins of Natural
Resource Markets."
Stephen J. Whitfield
Max Richter Professor of
American Civilization,
delivered the Belin Lecture m
Jewish Studies at the
University of Michigan;
presented a paper on
American Jewish history at a
conference devoted to that
topic at the College of
William and Mary; and spoke
on "Florida: The Dubbed
Version" at the conference of
the Florida Historical
Society, St. Augustine. His
article, "The Stunt Man:
Abbie Hoffman (1936-89),"
was anthologized in Sights
on the Sixties.
Harry Zohn
professor of German,
presented two papers and
chaired a session at the
symposium on Austrian
expressionism at the
University of Klagenfurt. In
Berlin he was appointed the
American representative on a
creative team planning a
German television series and
in Vienna he participated in
the first graduation of the
Chajes-Schule, which has
yielded three Brandeis
freshmen. Also, the Austrian
shortwave radio based a half-
hour feature program on his
lecture on the Wienerlied.
Staff
Ivy Anderson
head, systems and access
services, University
Libraries, was elected chair
of the New England Library
Network (NELINET]
Reference Advisory
Committee for 1992-93. The
committee advises
NELINET, a cooperative
association of New England
libraries, on policy and
programs relating to the use
of information technology.
Harris C. Faigel, M.D.
director. University Health
Services, presented an
invited workshop on learning
disabilities in college
students at the annual
meeting of the American
College Health Association,
San Francisco.
Carolyn M. Gray
associate director. University
Libraries, presented the
following lectures: "Project
Gesher: Bridging Scholarly
Information Gaps" at the
Computers on Campus
Conference, Myrtle Beach,
S.C; "Building Electronic
Bridges between Scholars and
Information: New Roles for
Librarians" at the 29th
Annual Clinic on Library
Applications of Data
Processing, University of
Illinois; and "Using
Ethnographic Techniques in
Information Use Studies" at
the Faxon Institute
Conference on Building
Electronic Communities,
Reston, Virginia. Her
chapter, "Envoi: The Civic
Context of Electronic
Citizenship," appeared in
Citizen Access to Electronic
Information.
Ann C. Schaffner
assistant director,
Gerstenzang Science Library,
served as a panelist on
"Acquisitions vs. Access" at
the spring meeting of the
Rhode Island Library
Association.
48 Brandeis Review
Alumni
Kim Suk-won
Brandeis
Class of '92:
The Journey Back
It's amazing what somebody
can do between his junior
and senior year at Brandeis.
The path Kim Suk-won
traveled followmg his junior
year has been strewn with
high adventure and stunning
accomphshment. But then
he left Brandeis in 1970, so
more than two decades had
elapsed until his return. As
he sat with his classmates at
Commencement 1992, the
history of those past years
must have flashed through
his consciousness, triggering
emotion.
In most ways, Kim was
unlike his fellow graduates.
At 47 years old, he was more
than twice the age of most of
his classmates. He did not
make the voyage to Brandeis
from 1,000 miles or even
from 3,000 miles away. He
came from another
continent, another culture.
And he was surely the only
member of the Class of 1992
who had already earned an
honorary doctorate from
Korea's prestigious Sogang
University, achieved a
striking track record in the
realm of international
business and is the President
of the Korean Boy Scouts and
the Camp Chief of the 1 7th
annual Boy Scout lamborce.
But in some ways, Kim was
just like any other senior
who had to complete his
swimming test and survive
the nail-biting trials of final
exams.
As chairman of the
Ssangyong (Twin Dragons)
Group, the fifth largest
conglomerate in Korea, he is
one of his country's leading
entrepreneurs. Taking
control of this huge company
in 1975 at the age of 29, he
was nothing short of a
wunderkind. During the 16
years as Ssangyong's CEO, he
enlarged the company to
many times its original size,
into what is now the world's
101st largest industrial
corporation with SIO billion
in annual sales.
Kim left Brandeis early m his
senior year m 1970, called
home by his father to
complete his compulsory
service in the Korean
military; he joined the
marines and in 1971, a
savage year for that war, was
sent to Vietnam for 10
months. A civilian again
after two and a half years in
the marines, he longed to
retum to Brandeis to
complete his degree, an
ambition he had vowed to
fulfill. But his father insisted
that he remain in Korea and
learn the family business.
Dutifully, the son joined
Ssangyong as an auditor, but
soon grew restive. In 1973, in
a spirit of rebellion and
restlessness, he left
Ssangyong to tour his
country, a land that he
recognized as still
undeveloped, but holding
exceptional promise.
Recounting this scenario a
week after Commencement
in the office of the Brandeis
Review, Kim speaks in
slightly accented English,
and tends to be expressive
and blunt. You sense that he
IS decisive, strong-willed and
independent. Tall, urbane
and athletically built, he
inhales his cigarette deeply
as he talks with intensity,
but not without humor,
about his youth, his thirst for
education, his family
business, Korea and the
world economy.
If he did not settle down to
business in 1973, it wasn't
because he had no appetite
for it. Actually, his
entrepreneurial juices were
beginning to flow as he
climbed the snow-laden
mountains of eastern Korea.
"Why not build a ski resort
like the ones I enjoyed in
New Hampshire?" he
speculated at the time.
We pour over a glossy, four-
color pamphlet describing
Korea's Vail, called Dragon
Valley Resort, replete with
state-of-the-art lifts, trails,
spiffy accommodations and
all the accouterments of the
good life, while Kim relates
details about this spectacular
resort, his first big deal.
Against his father's expressed
Kim at Commencement
with F. Trenery Dolbear. Jr.,
Clinton S. Darling Professor
of Economics
Ssangyong's Progress in the
Post- War Period
desires, in that year of
wandering he acquired an
enormous spread of
mountainous land for the
erection of Korea's first ski
heaven. Two hundred and
fifteen kilometers east of
Seoul and the site of the 24th
Summer Olympics, Dragon
Valley is now widely
recognized as one of Asia's
most successful winter
resorts.
Kim's greatest challenge
came when his father died in
1975, and he became
Ssangyong's CEO. The
carefree roaming suddenly
stopped, and the plans for a
speedy return to Brandeis
evaporated. In the years that
followed, Kim earned the
respect of Korea's highly
competitive business
community. His creative
energy, tempered by a
shrewd grasp of capitalism,
has transformed Ssangyong
into one of the most modem
and interesting enterprises in
the world.
The origins of the Ssangyong
Group reach back to 1939
when Kim's father, Mr. Kim
Sung-kon, founded a small
soap manufacturing
company. He eventually
built up a business in cement
and paper, enterprises now
regarded as low tech, but
ones that made perfect sense
in the 1960s in Korea. Over
time, Ssangyong Cement has
leapt to third place among
the world's largest cement
companies.
50 Brandeis Review
SsangYong
Kim on the job
Although cement is still a
mainstay of the Ssangyong
Group, Kim has taken major
new risks to bring his
company into the front ranks
of world industry. Drawn to
the volatile nature of
financial services, he bought
a faltering securities
company, against the advice
of many experts, when
Korean finance was still in
its infancy in 1983. The
subsidiary subsequently
profited handsomely from
the upswing of a vibrant
economy and a maturing
stock market: the once-
sickly brokerage, now called
Ssangyong Investment and
Securities Co., has recently
earned a sohd $35 million
after taxes on revenues of
$165 million. This company,
as many others that Kim
oversees, has now also
moved into the international
arena.
Kim took the plunge into
high tech in 1981 by
founding the Ssangyong
Computer System
Corporation. Conditions for
that highly competitive
business seemed anything
but conducive at the time.
But he quickly found a niche
in the software industry and
today sells his products to
customers throughout the
world, including the U.S.
Department of Defense.
Since 1988, the corporation
has moved into
manufacturing computer
hardware.
Ssangyong also expanded
swiftly in international
construction, ranging from
major projects in Southeast
Asia and the Middle East, to
the world's tallest hotel, the
73-story Westin Stamford in
Singapore. Other rapidly
developing Ssangyong
enterprises include oil
refining, shipping, trading,
insurance and machinery.
The apple of Kim's eye right
now is the risk-laden
automobile manufacture
(he's a car enthusiast,
himself), a domain that offers
a high level of excitement
and challenge, and an
overabundance of
international competition.
Why does he want to be in
such a fiercely competitive
business? By way of answer
Kim refers the conversation
back to the cement business.
"You know," he says,
"cement was a very stable
industry, the demand was
always there, so there is no
real challenge. If I had
remained chairman of just
the cement company, I could
have enjoyed all the
dividends and profits....!
could have enjoyed my years
as chairman in a very
luxurious way." And then an
afterthought. "And I might
have been able to come back
to Brandcis much earlier."
But, "I have a responsibility
to hand over Ssangyong to
the next generation. We
should not be left
behind. ..that's a
businessman's basic
requirement, we have to
struggle, to go forward. The
automobile industry will not
let you stagnate." And he is
certainly not stagnating. He
has a major joint venture
with the German company
Daimler-Benz just getting
underway.
Kim finally made the
decision to finish his senior
year at Brandeis last year in
what seemed to be a now-or-
never proposition. He had
reached a point in his life
when he felt his companies
were headed by the right
people who could manage his
varied empire while he was
in the United States.
Although he fulfilled a
lifelong desire to get his
degree, his journey back to
his studies was not the
easiest thing he'd ever done.
It called for reviving long-
neglected skills in
mathematics and academic
problem solving; it meant
trying to handle business
obligations from 10,000
miles away while keeping up
in the classroom, doing
fieldwork and writing papers
that took intensive
concentration and effort.
"But it was worth it," he
claims. "Writing papers,
based on almost two decades
of business experience,
served as a way for me to
look back to sec what I have
accomplished."
Among the courses he took,
he especially profited from a
rigorous course in
microeconomics: "This
subject gave me all kinds of
mathematical formulas and
diagrams. It will help me to
think through future
business plans in a much
more systematic way."
His professors were
enthusiastic. "Kim was
wonderful in the classroom,"
says Assistant Professor of
Economics Robert Weiner,
with whom Kim took a
seminar in the economics of
international business. "He
would come to class in jeans
52 Brandeis Review
and a sweater and contribute
to the discussion." Weinei
singled out a paper that Kim
had written for the course as
particularly interesting and
insightful. "He recounted the
remarkable story of how
Ssangyong penetrated the
Japanese market for
cement," Weiner explained.
"Few people could have
given such a close-up and
analytical account of how a
company can hurdle Japanese
import barriers." The paper
is now being considered for
publication by a professional
journal.
In another paper, written for
Peter Petri, Carl Shapiro
Professor of International
Finance and director of the
Lemberg Program in
International Economics and
FinaiiLi. knn i\ imiiud thL
role ot piu all. LUtLipiisc in
developing countiies "The
emergence of newlv
industrializing economies
during the last three decades
has created a new dimension
in the history of world
capitalism," Kim wrote, and
went (in to discuss the
complex relationships
between business and
government that yielded
spectacular results in such
countries as Korea and
Taiwan. Petri praised the
papLi toi its inno\ itne ideas
on business stijteg\ in an
industriahzing country and
has recommended that it be
published as well.
Kim's impressions of
Brandeis were varied. He was
struck by the continued close
relationship between faculty
and the students and the
small size of the classes.
"That's one of the main
reasons I wanted to come
back here and one of the
things I enjoyed most," he
says. The one criticism Kim
expressed was of the
insularity of some American
students. "Americans need
to be thinking
internationally at all times,"
he asserts. Kim will
contribute actively to this
objective: he has joined the
board of overseers of the
University's Lemberg
Program in International
Economics and Finance,
offering friendship and
counsel to his alma mater.
Kim's decision to detour
from the boardroom to the
classroom was noted in a
special commendation issued
by the faculty in the
economics department:
"Returning home before the
completion of your academic
studies was no obstacle to
your managerial
achievements," reads the
commendation, "and your
degree now in 1992 is not
required in. ..your business
career." It concludes, "We
celebrate your devotion to
academic studies, to the
study of economics and your
admirable commitment to
learning."
Brenda Marder
Alumni Books
Sought for Archive
Brandeis Day
January 10, 1993
The Brandeis Library invites
alumni who have pubUshed
books to submit copies of
their works for inclusion in
a new Alumni Archive. "The
scholarly and literary works
of Brandeis alumni and
faculty compose a significant
part of the University's
intellectual history. It is
important that we establish
archives for these special
collections," states Library
Director Bessie Hahn.
Lori B. Cans '83, M.M.H.S.
'86, director of alumni
relations, is pleased that the
Archive is being established.
"Students will now have
access to books by Brandeis
alumni. This resource will
not only enhance the
Library's holdings, it will
also be a source of
inspiration to Brandeis
students who use the
Archive."
All books in the Alumni
Archive will be catalogued
on the Library's computer
and may be retrieved by the
author's name, class year,
title or subject matter,
making the collection
accessible to students and
scholars for a wide range of
research needs. Authors are
encouraged to inscribe the
books they send to Brandeis
University; such inscriptions
are considered to enhance
the value of the donated
volume.
Please send contributions to
the Alumni Archive to the
Office of Alumni Relations,
Brandeis University, P.O.
Box9110, Waltham, MA
02254-9110.
The Brandeis University
Alumni Association is
sponsoring the second
annual Brandeis Day, an
occasion marking the 45th
year of the founding of the
University. Celebrations of
Brandeis Day will take place
in many areas of the country
and abroad during the week
of January 10, 1993.
Faculty members will be
present in many chapter and
regional areas to discuss
their own research and
convey campus news to
alumni in this second
multisite series of Alumni
Association events. For more
information about Brandeis
Day events in your area,
watch for the upcoming
issue of the Brandeis Alumni
Connection, your chapter
newsletter or call the Office
of Alumni Relations at 61 7-
736-4100.
While supplies last, copies of
the 1992 Alumni Directory
may still be ordered from the
Harris Publishing Company,
3 Baker Avenue, White
Plains, NY 10601. The hard
cover editions are $39.95 and
the soft cover editions are
$36.95. Orders may also be
placed by calling their toll
free customer service
number 1-800-877-6554.
Introducing.
The Brandeis Legacy Circle
All alumni and friends who have included Brandeis University in their estate
plans, made a gift to the Brandeis Pooled Income Fund or established a gift annuity
or trust to benefit Brandeis are invited to )oin The Brandeis Legacy Circle.
This new honorary society has been established to celebrate and formally thank
those caring individuals who have made plans to provide for the future Brandeis.
If you qualify for membership in this special circle of influence or would like
more information, please contact the Planned Giving Office, Brandeis University,
P.O. Box 9110, Waltham, MA 02254-91 10 617-736-4030 or 1-800-333-1948.
Class Notes
'52
Lynne Shoolman Isaacson, Class
Correspondent, 22 Fifer Lane,
Lexington, MA 02173
Barry Newman, who once starred
in the Broadway version of Agatha
Christie's "The Mousetrap,"
starred in the BBC production ot
Christie's "The Mirror Crack'd'
last spring.
'53
Dr. Norman Diamond, Class
Correspondent, 240 Kendnck
Street, Newton, MA 02158
Reniinder...Class Reunion
May 21-23, 1993
Norman H. Diamond, D.M.D. was
elected vice president of the
Massachusetts Dental Society at
Its annual meeting. A diplomate of
the American Board of
Orthodontics, Diamond is also an
assistant professor of orthodontics
at Tufts University, former chair
of the Metropolitan District
Dental Society and former
president of the Tufts Association
of Orthodontics. In addition, he is
Noiman H. Diamond. DM.D
a member of the Brandeis
President's Council and Alumni
Council.
'54
Miriam Feingold d'Amato, Class
Correspondent, 62 Floyd Street,
Winthrop, MA 02152
Elliot Aronson, professor of
sociology at the University of
California, Santa Cruz, was elected
a fellow of the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences. Rima Drell
Reck, Ph.D. was awarded the rank
of distinguished professor of
comparative literature and interart
studies at the University of New
Orleans for her outstanding
teaching record and distinguished
scholarly reputation. She is editor
of Modernist Studies, a new series
of books that focus on literary.
mthe
inti-rart and inti-KlisLiplini
studies dealing with writer
artists, works and thematic
modem era. She is also
contributing editor of "Arts et
Litterature" for Etudes
Romanesques, which is published
in Pans. Carole Grand Rosenshein
received the Eisig Silberschlag
Prize for excellence in Hebrew
literature at the Hebrew College
commencement in May. She is
also the grandmother of Addie,
Benjamin and Michelle Anne
Peretz.
'57
Wynne Wolkenberg Miller, Class
Correspondent, 14 Larkspur Road,
Waban, MA 02168
Cynthia Cohen Gewirtz held her
first solo exhibit of travel and
nature photographs entitled "All
Things Beautiful" at the Yonkers,
NY, Public Library in May. A
member ot the Westchester
Photographic Society, she has won
several awards and has had her
photos published in many area
publications. She writes that her
increased awareness of nature's
wonders and complexities, gained
through her interest in
photography, helps her realize "the
necessity to preserve and protect
our natural environment for future
generations." Evelyn Fox Keller, a
professor of history and philosophy
ot science at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, was one
of the 1992 recipients of the
MacArthur Fellowship. This honor
IS bestowed upon creative citizens
who enhance society's capacity to
improve the human condition and
carries a $320,000 stipend.
Previously, she was a professor in
the rhetoric and women's studies
departments at the University of
L.ihtoinijat BLikLkx UcM.tcdto
the precept mens sano m corpore
sano. Jeanne F. Lieberman is
dedicating her days to treating
bodies in her private practice in
physical therapy while enriching
mmds by night as a theater critic
for the New York Law Journal.
Inspired by the ancient Hi Charlie
days, she is also becoming a
producer of musicals, on and off
Broadway, and is inviting fellow
Brandeisians to help her capitalize
on her "can't miss" projects and to
share the stage with her.
'58
Allan W. Drachman, Class
Correspondent, 1 15 Mayo Road,
Wellesley, MA 02181
Reminder...Class Reunion
May 21-23, 1993
Bernard N. Fields, M.D., well-
known virologist at the Harvard
Medical School department of
microbiology and molecular
genetics, has published a second
Bernard N. Fields
edition to Fields Virology that is
receiving praise from throughout
the field of viral research. The
Annals of Internal Medicine called
the book, "the most
comprehensive virology text
available for both the basic and
medical aspects of virology." Ruth
Feinberg Markovitz is still married
to Irving "Lenny" Markovitz '56
and has two children who are
Brandeis alumni. She has made a
mid-life career change from
sociology to law and was graduated
from the Columbia University
Law School. Barbara Zemboch
Presseisen conducts educational
research in the United States and
abroad.
'59
Sunny Sunshine Brownrout, Class
Correspondent, 87 Old Hill Road,
Westport, CT 06880
Martin R. Levy, Esq. was admitted
to the Arizona bar in 1990 and is a
lawyer and CPA living in
Barbados, West Indies. He also
holds a B.S. from Boston
University's College of
Communication, a master's of
accounting from the University of
Arizona and a J.D. from the
California West School of Law in
San Diego.
'61
Judith Leavitt Schatz, Class
Correspondent, 139 Cumberland
Road, Leominster, MA 01453
Rickie Halperin Haas received a
New York Medical College in 1991
and has started a private practice
in clinical and preventative
nutrition counseling in Rye Brook,
NY. Robert W. Moulthrop, senior
marketing director at KPNG Peat
Marwick, New York City, was
selected to appear in the Sixth
Edition ot Who's Who m Public
Relations for his significant
experience and leadership within
the public relations field.
62
Arm Leder Sharon, Class
Correspondent, 13890 Ravenwood
Drive, Saratoga, CA 95070
Laurance Morrison has been
named a consultant to the United
Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization
lUNESCOl after completing a
seven-year teaching stint at
Harvard University in public
relations. His hook on the strategic
and technical building blocks of
relationship marketing was
published this year by the
American Management
Association. He is president of the
Laurance S. Morrison Company,
Inc. of Sturbndge, MA, which
offers services in marketing, public
relations and advertising. The firm
won the First Place Gold Medal
from both the Springfield, MA, and
Worcester, MA, Ad Clubs as well
as the 1990 Communicator of the
Year award from the Central
'66
Laurance S Morn:
Massachusetts Public Relations
Association. Joan W. Scott,
professor of social science at the
Institute for Advanced Study in
Princeton, NJ, was awarded an
honorary degree at Brown
University's commencement in
May 1992. She was the first
tenured woman professor in
Brown's history department, and is
known for her direction of the
Pembroke Center for Teaching and
Research on Women. Philip D.
Wagreich is codirector of the
Teaching Integrated Mathematics
and Science project at the
University of Illinois at Chicago.
The program, which was awarded
a five-year, $4.2 million grant to
develop a curriculum for grades
kindergarten through six, is one of
only two projects selected by the
National Science Foundation to
construct comprehensive methods
of instruction based on the reform
recommendations of leading
mathematics and science
organizations. Laboratory
experiments developed by
Wagreich and codirector Howard
Goldberg over a 14-year period
form the foundation of the new
curriculum.
'63
Mrs. Miriam Osier Hyman, Class
Correspondent, 140 East 72nd
Street, #16B, New York, NY 10021
Reniindet...CIass Reunion
May 21-23, 1993
Laurel Frank Brake moved from
teaching English undergraduates in
Wales to teaching literature to
adults at Birkbeck College in
London. Part of her work includes
the organization of day
conferences with subjects ranging
from George Bataille to post-
modernism, the fiction of Toni
Morrison, the work of A.S. Byatt
and the essays and journalism of
Virginia Woolf. Barbara "Bunny"
Beck Castto received her master's
degree in Spanish in 1991 and
spent a month in Madrid. She lives
in Palo Alto, CA, with her all-star
athlete daughter and son who has
entered high school. Doris Stein
Cohen has returned to her regular
work as a family therapist in
Greenfield, MA, after spending
nine months on a sabbatical in
Paris and Lyon, France, where she
learned about applications of
systems theory to families
experiencing mental health
problems with one of their
members. Rita Brickman Effros
and her husband, Edward, were
able to engineer a joint sabbatical
year at the University of California
at Berkeley where he is visiting the
math department and she is in
molecular and cell biology. After a
narrow escape in the Oakland
Hills fire, they are again enjoying
the glorious countryside and their
first year "sans enfants" as
daughter, Rachel, attends Emory
Medical School and son, Stephen,
attends the University of
California at Berkeley. Judith
Rothenberg Feldstein is a real
estate broker for the Martin
Bernstein Agency in New City,
NY, and was named the company's
top sales associate. iVlarian K.
Glasgow, of Marian Glasgow
Interiors in Newton, MA,
participated in the interior
decoration of the 1992 Junior
League of Boston's show house in
Milton, MA. Miriam Cohen
Glickman continues in teaching,
and is now running her own
tutoring service for middle and
high school students in
mathematics. She is also busy
parenting her two sons, ages 12
and 16. Susan Weitzman
Greenman completed an M.B.A,
degree at the University of North
Carohna at Charlotte and has
begun an internship with a local
business. Her sons. Herb and
David, completed their freshman
year at the University of
Pennsylvania, while daughter,
Rachel, is starting high school.
Jewel Naxon Klein tried her first
medical malpractice jury trial this
past year and received vindication
for her client and a large verdict.
She has two children now in
college and one in law school, lives
in Chicago and is still happily
married to Steven, her husband of
26 years. Nancy Kramer is an
attorney practicing law with New
York Attorney General Robert
Abrams. She lives in New York
City with her husband and sons
and says that she cherishes her
memories of Brandeis. Lucy Gold
Landesberg is an assistant
professor of mathematics in the
basic education program at Nassau
Community College in Garden
City, NY, while her husband,
Joseph, is a professor and chair of
the chemistry department at
Adelphi University. Their two
sons, Leonard and Jeffrey, are
attending Yale Medical School and
Yale University, respectively. Ira
T. Lott, M.D. was appointed chair
of the department of pediatrics at
the University of California at
Irvine where he serves as professor
of pediatrics and neurology and is
head of the department's division
of pediatric neurology. His
research interests include
Alzheimer's disease and Down s
syndrome Previously Dr Lott was
Ira T. Lott. M D
Kennedy SJu-iver Center for Mental
Retardation in Waltham and was
on the faculty of Harvard Medical
School. He lives in Mission Viejo,
CA, with his wife and their two
children. Emily Schottenfeld
Stoper is chair of the political
science department at California
State University in Oakland and
the recipient of the 1 991-1992
Outstanding Professor Award. She
has written two books, one
entitled Student Non-Violent
Coordinating Committee: The
Growth of Radicalism in a Civil
Rights Organization, and one on
women and public policy. She and
her husband, Arnie, enjoy folk
dancing and are helping their 22-
year-old disabled son make the
difficult transition to adulthood as
a younger son adjusts to his teens.
Linda Russack Tobin returned to
Indi;
volunteer, 30 years after her initial
visit. She lives in Cleveland and
says that all is well with her
children, Maya, age 23, Joshua, age
14, and Daniel, age 12. Alix Ingrid
Weiss-Sharp is looking forward to
a long visit to Chile, now that
democracy is slowly being rebuilt,
and says that life, family and work
have been good in Nashville.
'64
Rochelle A. Wolf, Class
Correspondent, 113 Naudain
Street, Philadelphia, PA 19477
David J. Levenson joined the law
firm of Venable, Baetjer, Howard &
Civiletti, speciahzing in the area of
securities, corporate and business
law in the Washington, DC, area.
Kenneth E. Davis, Class
Correspondent, 28 Mary Chilton
Road, Needham, MA 02192
Gary David Goldberg was a
recipient of a Golden Globe Award
and a Humanitas Award for the
television program "Brooklyn
Bridge." Gwenn Karel Levine
received her Ph.D. in pohtical
science from Fordham University
and is vice president of planning
and marketing at St. Joseph's
Hospital and Medical Center in
Paterson, NJ. She wishes to
express thanks to Brandeis for her
"basic training," and to Professor
Peter WoU, who first suggested she
iniisuc a doctorate. Her children,
licv.ii, age 25, a composer, and
lusliua, age 20, a filmmaker, both
rcsule in San Francisco.
67
Anne Reilly Hort, Class
Correspondent, 4600 Livingston
Avenue, Riverdale, NY 10471
Richard B. Epstein arranges
specialized tours for groups and
individuals in New York,
including "Friends of the New
York Philharmonic Orchestra,"
the International Chamber
Orchestra of New York and the
Brandeis University men's and
women's basketball teams. Steven
M. Goldstein has been named
associate dean for academic affairs
at the Florida State University
College of Law. He also received
the Tobias Simon Pro Bono Service
Award, which is given annually by
the chief justice of the Florida
Supreme Court to the attorney
who has provided the most
Steven M. Goldstem
outstanding pro bono legal service
in the state of Florida. Laura
Hapke is a professor of English at
Pace University in New York City
and the author of Girls Who Went
Wrong and the newly released
Tales of the Working Girl: Wage-
Earning Women in American
Literature. 1890-1925. Hermine S.
Leiderman has been working part-
time as a hearing officer for the
56 Brandeis Review
Brandeis University
Prospective Student
Referral Card
Student's Name
Address
street
Telephone
city
state
zip code
area code
High School
number
name
Academic lnterest(s)/Talent(s)
city
year of graduation
Extracurricular lnterest(s)/Talent(s)
Referral
name Brandeis class
May we use your name when contacting the student? D Yes D No
Brandeis University provides an atmosphere of intellectual rigor and an enriching
personal experience for academically promising students who seek
challenge. In recent years, competition for these talented young people has
increased, especially among selective institutions like Brandeis.
For the past two decades, the Brandeis University Alumni Admissions Council has
been a significant resource in helping the University identify prospective
students through its active international network of more than 1 ,000 Brandeis
graduates. This year, the Alumni Admissions Council celebrates its
20th anniversary, and I offer my congratulations and sincere appreciation to the
many individuals who have been a part of this vital aspect of the University's
undergraduate recruitment efforts.
All members of the Brandeis community can aid the University in its recruitment
efforts. If you know or are aware of able students in your community who
could benefit from a Brandeis education, I urge you to complete the attached
prospective student referral card and return it to the Office of Admissions.
Dean Gould and the members of his staff will follow up your referral and acquaint
the student with the many opportunities and challenges available at Brandeis.
This is an easy and effective way to help Brandeis strengthen its recruitment and
outreach efforts nationwide, and your participation is welcomed.
Sincerely,
(y> >1^
Samuel O. Thier
Prospective Student Referral
Office of Admissions
Brandeis University
P.O. Box 9110
Walthann,IVlA 02254-91 10
Lamance S. Moriis:
Massachusetts Pub
Association. Joan V
professor of social s
Institute for Advan
Princeton, NJ, was awaraea an
honorary degree at Brown
University's commencement in
May 1992. She was the first
tenured woman professor in
Brown's history department, and is
known for her direction of the
Pembroke Center tor Teachmg and
Research on Women. Philip D.
Wagreich is codirector of the
Teaching Integrated Mathematics
and Science project at the
University of Illinois at Chicago.
The program, which was awarded
a five-year, $4.2 million grant to
develop a curriculum for grades
kindergarten through six, is one of
only two projects selected by the
National Science Foundation to
construct comprehensive methods
of instruction based on the reform
recommendations of leading
mathematics and science
organizations. Laboratory
experiments developed by
Wagreich and codirector Howard
Goldberg over a 14-year period
form the foundation of the new
curriculum.
'63
Mrs. Miriam Osier Hyman, Class
Correspondent, 140 East 72nd
Street, #16B, New York, NY 10021
Remindet...Class Reunion
May 21-23, 1993
Laurel Frank Brake moved from
teaching English undergraduates in
Wales to teaching literature to
adults at Birkbeck College in
London. Part of her work includes
the organization of day
conferences with subjects ranging
from George Bataille to post-
modernism, the fiction of Toni
Morrison, the work of A.S. Byatt
and the essays and journalism of
Virginia Woolf. Barbara "Bunny"
Beck Castro received her master's
degree in Spanish in 1991 and
spent a month in Madrid. She lives
in Palo Alto, CA, with her all-star
athlete daughter and son who has
entered high school. Doris Stein
Cohen has returned to her regular
California at Berkeley. Judith
Rothenberg Feldstein is a real
estate broker for the Martin
Bernstein Agency in New City,
NY, and was named the company's
top sales associate. Marian K.
Glasgow, of Marian Glasgow
Interiors in Newton, MA,
participated in the interior
decoration of the 1992 [unior
League of Boston's show house in
Milton, MA. Miriam Cohen
Glickman continues in teaching,
and is now running her own
tutoring service for middle and
high school students in
mathematics. She is also busy
parenting her two sons, ages 12
and 16. Susan Weitzman
Greenman completed an M.B.A.
degree at the University of North
Carolina at Charlotte and has
begun an internship with a local
business. Her sons. Herb and
David, completed their freshman
year at the University of
Pennsylvania, while daughter,
Rachel, is starting high school.
Jewel Naxon Klein tried her first
medical malpractice jury trial this
past year and received vindication
for her client and a large verdict.
She has two children now in
college and one in law school, lives
in Chicago and is still happily
married to Steven, her husband of
26 years. Nancy Kramer is an
attorney practicing law with New
York Attorney General Robert
Abrams. She lives in New York
City with her husband and sons
and says that she cherishes her
memories of Brandeis. Lucy Gold
Landesberg is an assistant
professor of mathematics m the
basic education program at Nassau
Community College in Garden
City, NY, while her husband,
Joseph, is a professor and chair of
the chemistry department at
Ira T. Lott. MD.
Kennedy Shriver Center for Mental
Retardation in Waltham and was
on the faculty of Harvard Medical
School. He lives in Mission Viejo,
CA, with his wife and their two
children. Emily Schottenfeld
Stoper IS chair of the political
science department at Califomia
State University in Oakland and
the recipient of the 1991-1992
Outstanding Professor Award. She
has written two books, one
entitled Student Non-Violent
Coordinating Committee: The
Growth of Radicalism in a Civil
Rights Organization, and one on
women and public policy. She and
her husband, Amie, enjoy folk
dancing and are helping their 22-
year-old disabled son make the
difficult transition to adulthood as
a younger son adjusts to his teens.
Linda Russack Tobin returned to
India over the summer to
volunteer, 30 years after her initial
visit. She lives in Cleveland and
says that all is well with her
children, Maya, age 23, Joshua, age
14, and Daniel, age 12. Alix Ingrid
Weiss-Sharp is looking forward to
a long visit to Chile, now that
democracy is slowly being rebuilt,
and says that life, family and work
have been good in Nashville.
'64
Rochelle A. Wolf, Class
Correspondent, 1 13 Naudain
Street, Philadelphia, PA 19477
David J. Levenson joined the law
firm of Venable, Baetjer, Howard &.
Civiletti, specializing in the area of
securities, corporate and business
law in the Washington, DC, area.
67
Anne Reilly Hort, Class
Correspondent, 4600 Livingston
Avenue, Riverdale, NY I047I
Richard B. Epstein arranges
specialized tours for groups and
individuals in New York,
including "Friends of the New
York Philharmonic Orchestra,"
the International Chamber
Orchestra of New York and the
Brandeis University men's and
women's basketball teams. Steven
M. Goldstein has been named
associate dean for academic affairs
at the Florida State University
College of Law. He also received
the Tobias Simon Pro Bono Service
Award, which is given annually by
the chief justice of the Florida
Supreme Court to the attorney
who has provided the most
Steven M. Goldstein
outstanding pro bono legal service
in the state of Florida. Laura
Hapke is a professor of English at
Pace University in New York City
and the author of Girls Who Went
Wrong and the newly released
Tales of the Working Girl: Wage-
Earning Women in American
Literature. 1890-1925. Hermine S.
Leiderman has been working part-
time as a hearing officer for the
56 Brandeis Review
Dear Readers,
Brandeis University provides an atmosphere of intellectual rigor and an enriching
personal experience for academically promising students who seek
challenge. In recent years, competition for these talented young people has
increased, especially among selective institutions like Brandeis.
For the past two decades, the Brandeis University Alumni Admissions Council has
been a significant resource in helping the University identify prospective
students through its active international network of more than 1 ,000 Brandeis
graduates. This year, the Alumni Admissions Council celebrates its
20th anniversary, and I offer my congratulations and sincere appreciation to the
many individuals who have been a part of this vital aspect of the University's
undergraduate recruitment efforts.
All members of the Brandeis community can aid the University in its recruitment
efforts. If you know or are aware of able students in your community who
could benefit from a Brandeis education, I urge you to complete the attached
prospective student referral card and return it to the Office of Admissions.
Dean Gould and the members of his staff will follow up your referral and acquaint
the student with the many opportunities and challenges available at Brandeis.
This is an easy and effective way to help Brandeis strengthen its recruitment and
outreach efforts nationwide, and your participation is welcomed.
Sincerely,
Samuel O. Thier
Births
Class
Brandeis Parent(s)
Child's Name
Date
1967
Richard B. Epstein
Alexander
November 26,1990
1969
Richard A. Litoff
Beniamin Michael
May 23, 1992
Marc Zauderer
Joel Herbert
January 31,1992
1974
Katherine Abrams
Leah Deborah
December 16, 1991
1976
Margaret Bleichman
Jacob Beryl, "Koby"
March 8, 1992
Lauren Pinter-Brown, M.D.
Benjamin Harrison
March 27, 1992
and Spencer L. Brown, M.D.
lacqueline Sonnabend
Jonathan Todd Rich
November 3, 1991
1977
Bari Stauber Adelman
Corey Sam and
Kevin Scott
April 22, 1992
Brenda Marsh Golombek and
Evan
November 30, 1991
Steven Golombek
1978
Judy Groner Havivi
Tal Binyamin
Februarys, 1992
Andrew J. Nathan
Jake Marshall
April 17, 1992
)udi S. Shostack
Alana Rachel and
Jeremy David
May 1, 1992
Gail Beckenstein Severn
Lindsay Madelmu
April 18, 1992
1979
Linda R. Alpert
Jeffrey Alan
April 13, 1992
Deborah Shalowitz Cowans
Deena Shira
May 2, 1989
Aaron Isaac
July 21, 1991
Ellen Kreisworth
Rachel
September 30, 1990
Karen Schneider Rosen and
Rebecca Lauren
April 24, 1992
Ronald Rosen '78
1980
(ill Blumencranz Glickman
Jane Hillary
March 29, 1992
Ellen Freeman Roth
Joshua
September 22, 1989
Madeline Glenna
January 19, 1992
Nancy Hamburger Starr
Alexander Bryan
January 2, 1992
1981
Hallie Shapiro Clemm
Benjamin Scott
June 9, 1989
Remy Grace
October 23, 1991
Leslie Ann Furie
Matthew
February 20, 1990
Carly Sara
March 12, 1992
Debbie Goldberg Pollak
David
March 17, 1992
Bruce Zamost
Madeline Paige
February 25, 1992
1982
Peggy Gartenbaum
Kenneth Andrew
May 22, 1992
Jessica E. Kahan
Daniel Louis
April 16, 1991
Irene F. Wolpert
Derek Franklin
February 23, 1992
1983
Jennifer Berday
Sarah Arielle
September 28, 1991
Rhonda Held Dupler
Samantha Ivy
June 28, 1992
Deborah Bornstein Sosebee
Hannah Leah
March 12, 1992
1984
Martin A. Hyde
Stephen Philip
June 6, 1992
Michelle Silber Kaish and
Michael Ian
April 5, 1992
Harvey C. Kaish '82
Fran Shonfeld Sherman
Leora Sarah
December 1, 1991
Heidi Smith-Hyde
Andrew Eric
January 6, 1990
Beth Pearlstein Tofel
Carly Michelle
Aprils, 1992
1985
Susan Hurowitz Fink
Gregory Lloyd
April 6, 1992
llene Taback Graff
Melanie Rachel
December 30, 1991
Susan Hart and
Blair Hart
April 26, 1991
Gregory Newman
Lisa Antell Lichtenberg and
Lauren Molly
May 27, 1992
Michael S. Lichtenberg
Thomas E. Mountain
Jennifer Odette
March 25, 1992
Illinois State Board of Education,
and hopes to return full-time to
practicing law if the job market
opens up. She and her husband,
Michael Leiderman '66, still live in
Highland Park, IL, with their two
children, Jill, age 20, and Eric,
age 15.
'68
Jay R. Kaufman, Class
Correspondent, One Childs Road,
Lexington, MA 02173
Reminder...Class Reunion
May 21-23, 1993
Marsha Davis Andelman is vice
president of operations at Fidelity
Investments Service Company in
Boston and an active theater and
concert goer. She continues to be
an enthusiastic parent to her two
daughters. Amy Kazis Avgar
received her Ph.D. in sociology
from Hebrew University in Israel,
where she met her husband, Amos
Avgar. They live in Jerusalem
where she is a free-lance writer for
various magazines on women's
issues and on the board of the
Israel Women's Network and he
works on Soviet issues for the
Joint Distribution Committee.
Jonathan Brant was appointed
associate justice of the Cambridge
District Court by Massachusetts
Governor William Weld. In
addition, his book. Law and
Mental Health Professionals:
Massachusetts, a treatise on
Massachusetts mental health
designed for both lawyers and
therapists, was published by the
American Psychological
Association. Kathleen E. Carroll
and her husband, Ron White, live
in Saudi Arabia and work for the
Saudi Arabian Oil Company. She
teaches kindergarten in the Saudi
Aramco school in the community
of Udhailiyah, where her students
are not only from the Middle East,
but also from Asia, the
subcontinent, Europe and the
northern and southern westem
hemisphere. Elisa Maria Hinojosa
works for the Instituto
Tecnologico de Monterrey where
she is developing the admission
test for graduate students. She and
her husband, Gerardo Mancillas,
live in Monterrey, Mexico, and
have two daughters in college.
Sarah "Andi" John, M.D. passed
the specialty certification board in
emergency medicine, and
celebrated by taking trips to
Ecuador and Mexico with her
husband. Bob Roberts. Mitchell S.
Klein, music director of the
Peninsula Symphony in Northern
California, has made conducting
debuts with the San Jose
Symphony and at Stanford
University. He has held
conducting positions with the
Kansas City Philharmonic and
Santa Cruz Symphony and has
conducted the Seattle Symphony,
Richmond Symphony and the
Eastern Philharmonic. He and his
wife, violist Patricia Whaley, live
m Oakland, CA, and have one
daughter, Elizabeth, age 2. Donna
Schultz McDowell is practicing
general law out of her home in
"rural" Montgomery County, MD,
and is pursuing a master's degree
in environmental biology at Hood
College in Frederick, MD. She also
has two children, ages 8 and 16.
Martin S. Pernick was promoted to
full professor at the University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, and is
publishing his book on 20th
century eugenics, The Black Stork,
with Oxford University Press. He
reports that one of the biggest
events of the year was having his
original Club 47 membership card
autographed by Tom Rush.
Beatrice "Triss"Finkelman Stein
sold her first mystery novel that
should be out soon, most likely
under the name of Murder at the
Class Reunion. She finds writing
exciting, but is keeping her day job
at McKinsey &. Company. Her
oldest daughter attended Brandeis
University's Summer Odyssey
Program for high school students
and they would love to share their
experiences with anyone
interested in the program. Eric M.
Uslaner is a professor of
government and politics at the
University of Maryland and was a
visiting Fulbright professor of
American studies and political
science at Hebrew University of
Jerusalem. He has also lectured in
Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou,
China, and is the author of Shale
Barrel Politics. He and his wife,
Deborah, live in RockviUe, MD,
with their son, Avery Benjamin.
'69
Jo Anne Chemev Adlerstein, Class
Correspondent, 76 Glenview Road,
South Orange, N) 07079
Marc Zauderer, M.D. was elected
vice president of the Central New
England Dental Research Group.
Marc maintains a private dentistry
practice in North Chelmsford,
MA.
'70
Carol Stein Schulman, Class
Correspondent, 7 Stonehenge,
Great Neck, NY 11023
Richard M. Horowitz won the
1992 National Headliner Award
for Outstanding Syndicated
Column |On a Variety of Subjects)
for his twice-weekly column of
political satire and social
commentary that appears in
58 Brandeis Review
newspapers nationwide. He
recently relocated from
Washington, DC, to Milwaukee
and, after a statewide competition,
received the Milwaukee Press
Club's Award for (oumalistic
Excellence in Magazine Writing for
his story about the struggle to
complete the Dictionary of
American Regional English.
Margaret A. Kelly has been
appointed vice president of media
and program services at Bristol-
Myers Squibb in New York City.
She is responsible for the purchase
and implementation of the
company's broadcast media and for
program production and
development Bernard J. McGinn,
a scholar of medieval history and
theology at the University of
Chicago, was named the Naomi
Shenstone Donnelley Professor in
the Divinity School. He has
published several works including
Meister Eckhart: Teacher and
Preacher and The Foundations of
Mysticism: Origins to the Fifth
Century, the first volume of a
planned four-volume series
entitled The Presence of God: A
History of Western Christian
Mysticism, and is a member of the
Committee on Medieval Studies
and the Program on General
Studies in the Humanities.
'71
Mark L. Kaufman, Class
Correspondent, 28 Devens Road,
Swampscott, MA 01907-2014
Thomas S. Crow, Jr. has completed
his first semester of graduate
school with a 4.0 average at the
Academy of Art College in San
Francisco Jacob S. "Jack"
Dembowitz was promoted to vice
president of investments at Smith
Barney. Formerly a second vice
president, he is now based at the
firm's Mt. Laurel, NJ, office.
Steven Friedell wrote an article
comparing lewish law and feminist
jurisprudence that was published
in the Indiana Law lournal
'73
Paula L. Scheer, Class
Correspondent, 133 Park Street,
Brooklme, MA 02146
Reminder...Class Reunion October
1-3, 1993
Margaret O'Toole received the
Cavallo Prize for her discovery of
serious flaws in a paper published
by superiors at M.I.T. and her
moral courage in maintaining her
position despite inordinate
pressure. It has come to our
attention that the biographical
listing for Rhonda Pollack Spiro
was inadvertently omitted from
the 1992 Alumni Directory. Dr.
Spiro is alive and well, and living
at 350 W. Deene Park Drive West,
Highland Park, IL 60035.
Elizabeth L. Vitale received a
Psy.D. degree from the University
of Hartford in May, 1992. She and
her husband have two sons, Jonah,
age 12, and David, age 9.
'74
Elizabeth Sarason Pfau, Class
Correspondent, 80 Monadnock
Road, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167
Katherine Abrams was a guest
speaker at the first Graphic Artist
Guild Eye-to-Eye Conference in
Washington, DC, in June. She
presented the "Illustrators' Pricing
Game," discussing factors that
affect illustration lees in a variety
of markets. In April 1992, William
C. Brouillard was promoted to
managing vice president of the
Boston office of Alexander &
Alexander, a global insurance
brokerage and risk management
services company. Robert A. Creo
was appointed adjunct professor,
specializing in alternative dispute
resolution, at the Duquesne
University School of Law. Betsy
Sarason Pfau and her husband,
Daniel R. Pfau '73, are proud to
report that their son, David,
entered the first grade to discover
among his classmates Nkroi Still
and Bobby Vainstein, the children
of Brandeis basketball coach Ken
Still '72 and Lisa Styer '72,
respectively. Steven T. Ruby, M.D.
has been elected to a two-year
term as president of the medical
staff of the University of
Connecticut Health Center's John
Dempsey Hospital. He has been at
the Health Center since 1987
when he was appointed assistant
professor of surgery, chief of the
vascular surgery section and
associate director of surgical
education. David J. Tracy, a real
estate and corporate lawyer, has
joined McGovem Noel & Benik,
P.C. in Providence, RI.
'75
Leslie Penn, Class Correspondent,
Marshall Leather Finishing, 43-45
Wooster Street, New York, NY
Barbara S. Alpert, executive editor
at Bantam Books, has edited
Barbara Mandrell's best-selling
autobiography, as well as books by
Shirley MacLaine, Louis L'Amour
and Paul Harvey. She is also a
freelance writer who has written
short stories and copy for nearly
600 book jackets. Peter B. Schiff,
M.D., Ph.D. was appointed
Peter B Schiff MD PhD
professor and chair ot the
Department of Radiation Oncology
of Columbia University and
director of the radiation oncology
service at Presbyterian Hospital.
While obtaining his Ph.D. in cell
biology, Schiff discovered the
molecular and cellular
mechanisms of action of the anti-
tumor drug, taxol. Taxol has been
described by the director of the
National Cancer Institute as the
most exciting new antineoplastic
agent in the last 10-15 years. He
recently obtained the approval of
the National Cancer Institute to
conduct the first clinical trial
combining taxol and radiation
therapy in the treatment of locally
advanced breast cancer. In addition
to his work on taxol, Schiff is
considered one of the leaders in
the use of conformal radiation for
prostate cancer treatment and has
made significant contributions m
the treatment of head and neck
cancer and genitourinary
malignancies. Todd Silverstein,
Ph.D., professor of chemistry at
Willamette University in Salem,
OR, has been awarded a Fulbright
scholarship to lecture and conduct
research at the University of Oslo,
Norway, in 1993.
'76
Beth Pearlman Rotenberg, Class
Correspondent, 2743 Dean
Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55416
Rabbi Susan R. Abramson lives in
Burlington, MA, with her husband,
Vladimir Ovorkm, and has been
the rabbi at Temple Shalom Emeth
for the past eight years. Margaret
Bleichman received the 1992
Community Service Award from
the Massachusetts Lesbian and
Gay Bar Association for her work
in establishing domestic partner
benefits at Lotus Development
Corporation. As principal software
engineer there, she developed the
database subsystem of Lotus 1-2-3
for the Macintosh computer.
Bleichman lives in Brooklme, MA,
with her partner of 14 years, Cindy
Rizzo, and their two children,
Jonah Samuel, age 6, and Jacob
Beryl, "Koby," age 8 months.
Alexander P Chartove is managing
partner t the Washington, DC,
tt L ot Spensley Horn, )ubas &.
L I t a law firm specializing in
Ikctual property law. He and
I Ic Dcbra C Kalter, a
1 1 t live in Bethesda,
Ml I) ir II Hayden has been
I itive creative
I I id ir Associates, an
mtcnuti nal identity management
and design consulting firm. Prior
to joining Landor he directed the
print graphics program for the
U84 Los Angeles Olympic Games,
taught graphic design at Otis/
Parsons and wrote for Artweek
magazine He lives in California
with his wife, Brenda, and their
two young children and enjoys
painting Santa Barbara seascapes in
his free time. Jacqueline
Soimabend is vice president of
human resources for Sonesta
International Hotels in Boston,
MA. She is also active in the
Brandeis Business and Professional
Network.
'77
Fred Berg, Class Correspondent,
150 East 83rd Street, Apt. 2C, New
York, NY 10028
Bati Stauber Adelman lives in
West Orange, N(, with her
husband. Marc. She is enjoying the
challenge of raising three children,
Nikki, age 3, and the latest
additions, twin sons, Corey Sam
and Kevin Scott. Julie A. Black
continues to work as deputy press
spokesman for the U.S. House of
Banking, Finance and Urban
Affairs in Washington, DC, while
her husband, Robert Shepard, is a
speech writer for the Bureau of
International Affairs at the
Department of Labor and author of
Nigeria. Africa and the United
States: From Kennedy to Reagan.
Marilyn Golden, policy analyst for
the Disability Rights Education &
Defense Fund and Americans with
Disabilities Act (ADA) training
coordinator, was named the 1992
"Tranny" Citizen of the Year by
the California Transportation
Foundation. The award honors her
work on the ADA, especially the
portion of the law dealing with
access to public transportation.
Marcia Regenbogen Kaufman is a
teacher of special education
working with learning disabled
students in New York City. She
lives in Manhattan with her
husband, Sid, and their two
children, Matthew, age 8, and
Erica, age 4.
'78
'79
Valerie Troyansky, Class
Correspondent, 210 West 89th
Street #6C, New York, NY 10024
Reminder...Class Reunion
October 1-3, 1993
Lisa N. Binder works part time as a
psychotherapist and an adoption
specialist and lives in New York
City with her husband, Joe
Rutkowski and their two sons,
Benjamin, age 5, and Daniel, age 2.
Mark H. Blecher, M.D. has entered
his sixth year of private practice in
ophthalmology in Pennsylvania.
He also enjoys teaching at the
Wills Eye Hospital and performing
surgery with the residents. David
Braiterman is proud to announce
that he has opened Braiterman
Law Offices in Concord, NH, a
firm that concentrates in family
law and commercial litigation. He
is also counsel to the firm of Engel
& Gearreald in Exeter, NH. His
wife, Lisa Gertler Braiterman, has
joined UNITIL Service
Corporation, a public utility
holding company, as a supervisor
in power supply planning. Ann
Bolts Bromberg is production
editor for A/M, a monthly
magazine for the jewelry
manufacturing industry. She and
her husband, Arthur, have three
children, Yoseph, Sarah and
Malka. Arthur Chakofsky-Lewy is
a member of the psychology
faculty at the University of
Alabama at Birmingham, studying
early development of autistic
children and other infants with
developmental handicaps. He and
his wife are the proud parents of
two-year-old Naomi. Rabbi Dayle
Friedman has returned to her
position as chaplain of the
Philadelphia Geriatric Center after
honeymooning in Mexico with her
husband, Robb Hutler. Susan B.
Gellman received an award in
journalism and mass
communications from the Bill of
Rights Institute and the
Association of Educators for her
article, "Sticks and Stones Can Put
You in Jail, But Can Words
Increase Your Sentence-
Constitutional and Policy
Dilemmas of Ethnic Intimidation
Laws," published in the University
of California Law Review. In 1989,
Jill D. Oberhofer Goodman started
her own breast-feeding fashions
mail order company called Deliccs
for New Mothers, Ltd., a service
that provides stylish clothing that
allows for discreet breast-feeding.
She lives in Tacoma, WA, with her
husband and their sons, Geoffrey,
age 3 1/2, and Bradley, age 2. Since
receiving her Ph.D. in psychology
from Stanford University in 1982,
Andrea R. Halpern is a tenured
associate professor at Bucknell
University, conducting research
and teaching cognitive psychology.
She has taken two leaves — one at
the Montreal Neurological
Institute in 1989 and one in I99I-
92 at the University of California
at Los Angeles. She lives in
Pennsylvania with her husband
and fellow faculty member, Owen
Floody, and still devotes as much
time as she can to her hobby of
choral singing. Judy Groner Havivi
is the Hebrew studies coordinator
at B'nai Shalom Day School.
Frederic Hirsch is vice president of
home video and pay television at
the Motion Picture Association of
America where he has worked for
over 10 years. He lives m New
York City with his wife, Karen
Weiss '80, and their two sons,
Matthew, age 5, and Andrew, age
3. Steffi Aronson Karp has created
a new business, the Tree of Life
Book Club, which is a catalog of
Jewish books for nursery/day/
religious school students that
simultaneously promotes Jewish
literacy and serves as a school
fund-raiser. She is also a member
of the Union of American Hebrew
Congregations' (UAHC)
Commission on Religious Living,
and spends five days each summer
at Brandeis as a participant in the
UAHC national study kallah. Paul
Kaytes is working as a molecular
biologist for Upjohn, and also
works m area theaters as a
production stage manager. Neil J.
Kressel, Ph.D. was elected chair of
the department of psychology at
William Paterson College in
Wayne, NJ. He has also edited
Political Psychology: Classic and
Contemporaiy Readings, which
will be published in spring 1993.
He lives in Leonia, NJ, with his
wife, Dorit, a Fordham University
law student. Harry A. Lebowitz,
JVI.D. completed a mission to
Central America where he
performed cataract surgery for
indigent patients in El Salvador.
He IS an associate clinical
professor of ophthalmology at the
Temple School of Medicine in
Philadelphia, PA, and lives in
Chadds Ford, PA, with his wife,
Penelope. Cheryl J. Levin is the
author of a new chapter in
Matthew Bender's RET:
Condominium Law &) Practice.
entitled "Anti-discrimination
Laws and Housing." iVIary E.
Lovely and her husband, John
Yinger, teach in the economics
department at Syracuse
University. They adopted their
first child, Cara, last November.
Stephen L. Mainzer was graduated
from the Yale School of
Management in May 1 99 1, and is
seeking a position in equity
research or distressed securities.
He lives with his sister, brother-in-
been playing golf and taking extra
classes at Yale. Alan Mann has
been living happily in Brooklyn
Heights, NY, for the p.ist four
years. The Llmhin.i; ennipany he
founded in l''N4 witli Ins brother,
Stuart Mann '82, i- thriving. He
has two preschool daughters. After
five years as a faculty member at
the University of Califomia/San
Fernando Valley Program in
Psychiatry and a year of private
practice in Missoula, MT, Sharon
K. Melnick, M.D. says she is
having her first midlife crisis and
will be h\in,i:, wi iikiiii; .md writing
in Mo.sL I iw , KussKi, ini the next
year or twn Rev. David "Duffy"
Roberts is senior pastor of the
Austmtown, OH, Community
United Church of Christ. He and
his wife, Susan, telebrated their
10th .uwiy, I- IV', ii:i! li,i\e a son,
Ian, a,m i , Hannah,
age2 H.iili,ii,i Wuli s,,Kucciis
directi-u v: .idv-ju-u:;., lur Creative
Hairdressers, Inc., "The Hair
Cuttery." Previously, she spent 12
years with the Marriott
Corporation. She and her husband.
Bob, live in Bethesda, MD. Serena
E. Sara is pleased to announce the
completion of the leiiiiideling of
her chii.'pi.i. n. -:i . , m South
Miami I , nu
classiii.r. n. see the
new IniiMiM DilinMh Silverman
is supervising .ind teaching
graduate social work students and
working with families and
children with special health care
needs. She lives in Los Angeles
with her 3 I /2-year-old daughter,
Hilda Arielle, and enjoys running
into oth.-r iliinini m rhr Southern
Call!.. 1 1 siis.inn.,
Haberni.in s,,
Ruth Strauss Fleischmann, Class
Correspondent, 8 Angier Road,
Lexington, MA 02 1 73
Linda R. Alpert is back at work as
a litigation attorney with Smith
Barney in New York City after a
Mlledthe
capu
'N.
Tuchinau -■ u! A ,i ■• ■■. business
last year L.illed The Mortgage
Shopper, a customized mortgage
shopping service for consumers.
David F. Urrows and his wife,
Hope Steele, returned from two
years in Hong Kong and China last
fall and have since moved back to
Lynn, MA, where they bought an
1846 Gothic Revival house that
they are busy renovating. He is
chair of the City of Lynn Cultural
Planning Committee, and is
running the music program at St.
Paul's in North Andover, as well
as working on several
commissions for new works. Trina
Walzer-Yerlick lives in Berkeley,
CA, with her husband and their
two sons, Avidan, age 6, and
Mishael, age 3. She and her
husband opened up Shai's, their
own restaurant and catering
business in Kensington, and they
are busy catering weddings and
Bar/Bat Mitzvahs. Gary Yurow has
recently moved to Louisville, KY,
where he joined Medical Center
Cardiologists.
1 folio
the birth
of her son, Jeffrey Alan Karell. Ira
B. Fultonberg is a physical
therapist at Norwalk Hospital. He
received a B.S. in physical therapy
from the State University of New
York Health Science Center at
Brooklyn College of Health
Related Professions and has moved
to Fairfield, CT, with his wife,
Elise Zavadoff, a registered
dietitian, and two-year-old son,
Lome. Jonathan D. Klein was
appointed assistant professor in
pediatrics at the University of
Rochester Medical School,
Division of Adolescent Medicine.
He and his wife, Susan Cohn, live
in Rochester, NY, with their son,
Daniel, age 4, and daughter,
Amanda, age 1 . Ellen Kreisworth is
office manager for McQueeney
Chiropractic & Physical Therapy
Center in Exeter, NH. She resides
in Exeter with her husband. Dr.
William McQueeney, and their
daughter, Rachel. Heidi Libner
Littman, M.D. was graduated from
Case Western Reserve University
School of Medicine and is pursuing
a residency in pediatrics at
Cleveland Clinic, while her
husband, Daniel A. Littman '76,
manages the financial planning/
budget department at the Federal
Reserve Bank of Cleveland. Naomi
Levenson Schaffer was recently
transferred by GTE from Houston
to Atlanta. She is happily settled
with her husband, Henry, and their
two sons, Jacob, age 4, and Adam,
age 2.
'80
Lisa Gelfand, Class Correspondent,
19 Winchester Street #404,
Brookline, MA 02146
Deborah G. Cumrais was admitted
to the California bar and is
practicing civil and criminal
litigation in Los Angeles. Lynn D.
Flanzbaum has been named an
assistant vice president, private
bank operations, at Rhode Island
Hospital Trust National Bank. Her
department is responsible for
common trust fund and money
market fund valuation, accounting
and processing for the Bank of
Boston and its affiliates. She is also
Temple Beth-El in Providence and
serves as assistant treasurer on the
temple's board. After practicing
law in Boston for a couple of years,
Joy Gordon began a Ph.D. in
philosophy at Yale University and
60 Brandeis Review
News Notes
is completing a dis
Latin American Marxist thought.
She spent a year in Central
America and Cuba doing research
and teaching a graduate course in
philosophy at the University of
Havana. On her travels, she
managed to view Mayan ruins,
visit remote mountain villages and
sample the salsa, rum and dancmg.
Lynn S. Marqnlies received her
Ph.D. mdmK.il psvJiolosym
1988, IS ,111 .illLiulini;ps\chologlst
at McLe.in I inspu.il, ,111 instructor
in psychology at Hai-vard Medical
School and is in private practice in
Arlington, MA, specializing in
trauma and dissociative disorders.
Ellen D. Freeman Roth runs her
own business as a writer, editor
and public relations consultant
while her husband, Steven, is a
retail management consultant.
They live in New lersey with their
son, loshua, age 3, and infant
daughter, Maddie. Patricia E.
Spence joined First Night in
Boston as general manager of the
International Alliance of First
Night Celebrations that provides
support and organizational services
I E. Spence
for First Night celebrations in
cities around the world. She is also
the grant wnter,'proieet
coordin.itnr nl tlie P.iieiit Power
Project, .1 IJ-p.iu .iiulio video
cassette series .m liow 10 care for
your child. I'rcviously, she served
for eight years as senior account
manager at Digital Equipment
Corporation and was the recipient
of the iys7Bl,iek Achievers'
Award tinm ilie l.ie.itei Boston
YMCA .uul Hi.iiuleis LIniversity's
Bruce R. M.ivpei Memorial Award
for Community Service.
'81
Matthew B. Hills, Class
Correspondent, 16 Harcourt, Apt.
3E, Boston, MA 021 16
Larry Coen has been developing
innovative museum exhibits that
deal with multicultural issues
including two that are on display
at the Children's Museum in
Boston and will tour to museums
around the United States. The
first, "Getting Across to Each
Other" IS an interactive vidcodisk
on children's experiences of racism
and prejudice, which is a part of
the "Kids' Bridge" exhibit
displayed at the experimental
gallery of the Smithsonian
Institution. The second, "Tetsuo's
Room," is a computer-run,
multimedia production as part of
the "Teen Tokyo" exhibit that
will enjoy a three-year run at the
Children's Museum. Jeffrey L.
Menkin has performed with
ComedySportz, a professional
improv troupe in Washington, DC.
He IS keepm.i; his d.iv inb with the
U.S. nep.irinienii.l Uistice. Amy
Weber Rosen, iu lis lui own
company in l.?hlton, Nl, Blue
Ridge Oil, which distributes
lubricants and other chemical
products. She lives in Mahwah, NJ,
with her husband and three
children, ages 10, 7 and 4. Bruce
Zamost is a partner at Brown &
Connery, a litigation law firm in
Westmont, NJ, where he
specializes in plaintiffs' product
liability cases. He and his wife,
Linda, and daughter, Madeline,
live in Cherry Hill, NJ.
'82
Ellen Cohen, Class Correspondent,
I7S ISth Street NE #318, Atlanta,
GA .10309
Nicolas Bernheim was the
entitled The Long Winter, a
Spanish film set during their Civil
War The film was released in
Eurnpe ,iml shownin Los Angeles
.11 tiK .Aiiieiic.in Fihii Institute
Festiv.il Ion M. Braverman, M.D.
is chiet ot the Division of
Ophthalmology at Denver General
Hospital, specializing in ocular
trauma and anterior segment
surgery and a member of the
faculty at the University of
Colorado School of Medicine.
Aside from work, he eniovs skiing
the Rockies with .1 p.issmn ,ind has
traveled 800 miles .leicss ihe B.11.1
desert from Tecate 1.1 (."abo S.m
Lucas by dirt bike, lessica E.
Kahan, enjoying her child care
leave from her job as a high school
humanities teacher in New York
City, is copresident of J & D
Management Group, specializing
in real estate. She lives in Great
Neck, NY, with her husband,
Davul, .uul s,.,; I Mnu I DeboraS.
Lewisoliii ■. I ish in
Englin.' iinanM.A.
inbilin-
enga.ue.!
plannui
William W. M.iiu
heahhlau p,.i.u.. ,^u,up of
Bowditch £^ Dewey. A member of
the Massachusetts and Boston Bar
Associations, the National Health
Lawyers Association and the
Healthcare Financial Management
Association, his volunteer efforts
became
lined the
What have you been doing
lately? Let the alumni office
know. We invite you to submit
articles, photos (black and
white photos are preferred] and
news that would be of interest
to your fellow classmates to:
Office of Alumni Relations
Brandeis University
P.O. Box 91 10
Wakham, MA 02254-91 10
William M. Mandell
include the Anti-Defamation
League, the American Cancer
Society and the Boston College
Law School Holocaust/Human
Riglits |;..-i I .11 I';.. . 1 1 Dina
Sharuel I'l.M.iiiskv Med her
BranJi I lavid
Projansk) Sli ■ . . : ue.ison,
Yoni, burnm 19^0 Irene F.
Wolpert received her MBA. from
the Wharton School at the
University of Pennsylvania in 1986
and IS a vice president m Merrill
Lynch's housing finance
department. She and her husband,
Ian, live in the country with their
son, Derek.
Name
Brandeis Degree and Class Year
Address
'83
Eileen Isbitts Weiss, 456 9th Street
#30, Hoboken, Nl 07030
Reminder...Class Reunion
October 1-3, 1993
Following the birth of her
daughter, Sarah Arielle, Jennifer
Berday is back at work part-time
as a home care social worker.
Bonnie Berger Leighton, Ph.D. is
an assistant professor in the
mathematics department at M.I.T.,
where she received her Ph.D. m
electrical engineering and
computer science m 1990. Since
then she has been a National
Science Foundation mathematical
science postdoctoral research
fellow. She and her husband, Tom
Leighton, Ph.D., live m Newton
Centre, MA Deborah Bornstein
Sosebee moved to California from
New York City with her husband,
Michael, to raise their first child,
Hannah Leah.
'84
Marcia Book, Class Correspondent,
98-01 67th Avenue #14N,
Flushing, NY 11374
Andrew M. Cohen, M.D. finished
his residency and is practicing
radiation oncology at the Treasure
Coast Radiation Oncology Center
in Port St. Lucie, FL. Gloria S.
Goldstine received her M.Ed, from
the Universtty of Massachusetts at
Amherst and is teaching at
Woodside Children's Center,
which is affiliated with Amherst
College. Douglas M. Monasebian,
Please check here if address is
different from mailing label.
Demographic News
(Marriages, Births)
If you know of any alumni who
are not receiving the Brandeis
Review, please let us know.
Brandeis Degree and Class Year
Work
Due to space limitations, we
usually are unable to print lists
of classmates who attend each
other's weddings or other
functions. News of marriages
and births are included in
separate listings by class.
UNIVERSITY
MAGAZINE
NETWORK
REACHING AMERICA'S
EDUCATED ELITE
Brandeis Review
Carne^e Mellon Magazine
Columns: The University of
Washington Magazine
CWRU: The Magazine of
Case Western Reserve
Duke Magazine
]ohns Hopkins Magazine
Northwestern Perspective
Pitt Magazine
Rutgers Magazine
Washingtcjn University Magazine
Our 1,076,000 subscribers,
1.9 million readers,
have a median age of 42.8,
an average household
income of $8 1,000
and are loyal readers
of their alumni magazines.
Advertising Sales:
UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE
NETWORK
15 E. 10th Street, Suite 2F
New York, N.Y. 10003
(212)2284688
FAX: (212) 228-3897
M.D., D.M.D. received his Doctor
of Dental Medicine degree from
tfic University of Pennsylvania and
his medical degree from the
University of Nebraska School of
Medicine before entering the
Maxillofacial Surgery Residency
Program at the University of
Nebraska Medical Center in
Omaha. After completion of his
residency, he and his fiancee,
Jacqueline London, a regional
account coordinator for Lancome
Cosmetics, plan to move back to
the Northeast. Fran Shonfeld
Sherman is an editor at
Encyclopedia Britannica and a
freelance violinist. She and her
husband, Jonathan, live in
Highland Park, IL, with their two
preschool daughters, Debbie and
Leora,
85
Dehra Radlauer, Class
Correspondent, 101 West 90th
Street #19F, New York, NY 10024
Ellen Baker Awrich is working as a
trademark attorney at the U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office in
Arlington, VA. She and her
husband, Howard, live in
Gaithersburg, MD. Christopher
Bean has been elected to a second
term on the board of directors of
the Southeastern Massachusetts
Chapter of the American Red
Cross and serves as vice chair of
the organization's Plymouth
Region Advisory Board. He
received his M.B.A. from Boston
University in 1989 and operates a
real estate management,
development and consulting firm
mrlvmouth, MA. LouisA.
Gordon's article, "Arthur Koestler
and His Ties to Zionism and
Jabotinsky," was published in the
Autumn 1991 edition of Studies In
Zionism. In addition, he published
a review of Tough lews in the
Jewish Voice of Southern New
Jersey and a short story in the
Jewish Spectator. Robert E.
Heyman is a mathematician with
the Department of Defense and
has moved to Owings Mills, MD.
Philip J. Katzman was graduated
from the University of Vermont
College of Medicine and is starting
a pediatric internship associated
with the University of Rochester
in Rochester, NY. France Lopez
exchanged wedding vows with
Jihad Chahine in their hometown
of Lawrence, MA, where she is
practicing law and he is a master's
candidate in engineering. Also in
attendance where fellow
classmates, Christopher Bean and
Anaya E. Baiter
Ulyse Shindler Habbe, Class
Correspondent, 89 Turner Street,
Brighton, MA 02135
Lawrence G. Freedman assumed
the position of assistant rabbi at
Temple Sinai in Roslyn Heights,
NY, while his wife, Deborah
Postelnek Freedman, continues to
work for the Brotiklyn district
attorney's office and has begun
trying homicide cases. Andrea
Saperstein Gropman was graduated
from the University of
Massachusetts Medical School in
June where she received the
Hewlett Packard Top Medical
Graduate Award. She has begun
her residency training in pediatrics
in Maryland at Johns Hopkins
Hospital. Jennifer L. Rosenberg is a
marketing manager for Lederle
Consumer Health Care after
completing her M.B.A. from the
Wharton School of the University
of Pennsylvania where she was
head writer of the Wharton Folhes.
'87
Vanessa B. Newman, Class
Correspondent, 45 East End
Avenue, Apt. 5H, New York, NY
10028
Alan N. Kay completed his third
year of teaching social studies and
has published his first book,
entitled Jamestown Journey, a
historical novel for young adults.
His wife, Heidi Halpern Kay, is
celebrating the opening of her
executive search firm, Kay &
Associates, specializing in the
placement of engineering
personnel in the medical device
manufacturing industry. They are
enjoying their son, Joshua Ethan,
and report that they are rapidly
outgrowing their house in
Chesapeake, VA. Lisa Lederman
Littman was graduated from
Robert Wood Johnson Medical
School with an M.D. and a
community service award for her
activities in women's health and
reproductive rights. She has begun
a residency in obstetrics and
gynecology at Allegheny General
Hospital at the Medical College of
Pennsylvania while her husband,
Michael Littman, is working
toward a Ph.D. in computer
science at Carnegie Mellon
University. Heidi Siegel Oletsky,
M.D. is a neurology resident at the
University of Maryland Hospital
where her husband, Jon Oletsky,
M.D., is an anesthesia resident.
She plans to conduct neuroscience
research following her residency.
Susan Tevelow, Class
Correspondent, 268 Grove Street,
Apt. 5, Auburndale, MA 02166
Reminder...Class Reunion
October 1-3, 1993
Martin A. Abeshaus earned the
Dun &. Bradstreet Corporation
1991 Presidential Citation Award
for the position of financial
analyst. The award is based on the
amount and accuracy of corporate
data collected over the previous
year and allowed he and his
fiancee, Aviva L. Troobnick, to
enjoy a six-day, all expenses paid
trip to Maui, Hawaii. They
currently reside in Allentown, PA.
Rachel A. Altura, M.D. received
her M.D. in May from Washington
University in St. Louis and has
begun a residency in pediatrics at
the Children's Hospital in St.
Louis. Tali Isaacs Axelrod
previously worked in desktop
publishing at Merck & Co. in New
Jersey and is enrolled in a full-time
master's of education program at
Kean College. Todd J. Batson has
returned to Quincy, MA, after
spending several months in
Amsterdam, Holland. Edward L.
Benjamin works as a reporter for
the "Cable 6 Nightly Report" in
Middletown, NY. Robin B. Bersch
was graduated from Albert
Einstein College of Medicine in
June and is a first-year resident in
family practice at the University of
Connecticut in Hartford. Carolyn
Corn Binchoupan received her J.D.
from the Boston University School
of Law in May 1991 and passed
both the New York and
Connecticut bar exams. She
practices matrimonial law and
employment discrimination law at
Leeds & Morelli, Esquires, in Carle
Place, NY. She and her husband,
Robert, who practices law in
Garden City, NY, honeymooned in
Hawaii. Jeffrey P. Bollinger was
graduated from Pepperdine
University School of Law.
Kathleen J. Caproni enjoys taking
painting and pottery courses at
Woodstock. Adam J. Cheyer, a
software engineer with Bull S.A. in
Paris, France, is taking a year off to
pursue a master's degree at the
University of California at Los
Angeles. Aimee L. Close is in her
third year as executive director of
the Tremont Street Shul in
Cambridge, MA, and has moved to
nearby Brookline, MA. Renee F.
Cohen received an M.B.A. in
finance from New York University
in May 1992. After backpacking
through Europe, she is now
working at Technology
Management Group as a
management consultant to
biotechnology and pharmaceutical
firms. Evan Lawrence Cohn was
graduated from the George
Washington University School of
Medicine in Washington, DC.
62 Brandeis Review
Marriages
Kevin M. Costello completed a
judicial clerkship and has begun
work as a litigation associate at
Tomar, Simonoff, Adourian &
O'Brien in Haddonfield, N]. His
wife, iWarissa Weinstein Costello
'87, also completed a judicial
clerkship. Cheryl A. Florence has
been traveling with Loren B. Baron
'91 in the Far East since August of
last year, teaching English at a
middle school in Beijing and
touring Malaysia, Singapore and
Indonesia. She has kept in touch
with Arianna Licet Ariza who
reports that Cheryl is returning to
the United States this year to
pursue graduate studies. Karen R.
Fine received a doctor of veterinary
medicine degree from Tufts
University School of Veterinary
Medicine and was the recipient of
the William M. Moulton Award in
international veterinary medicine.
Stephanie G. Fine is the
coordinator for the Women's
Studies Program at Brandeis
University and the staff assistant
to the National Board for Women's
Studies at Brandeis. Scott S.
Glickman was graduated from Mt.
Sinai School of Medicine in May
and has begun an internship at Mt.
Sinai Medical Center in Miami,
FL. Eric B. Goldberg is in his third
year at Suffolk Law School in
Boston. Laurence W. Groffman
entered his fifth and final year of
the Rabbinic program at the Jewish
Institute of Religion, The Reform
Seminary at the Hebrew Union
College in New York City and is
living in Hoboken, NJ. David R.
Guillen began residency training
in general surgery at the
University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, which includes
Parkland Memorial Hospital in
Dallas. Gregory G. Harris was
graduated from Tufts University
School of Medicine's combined
M.D./M.Ph. program and is
beginning an internal medicine
internship at Faulkner Hospital to
be followed by a psychiatry
residency at Beth Israel Hospital in
Boston. Faye M. Hollander
produces programs for New Jersey
Public Television, simultaneously
combining her interest in
television and her desire to do
something that matters. Shira E.
Horowitz finished two years of
teaching in Brookline, MA, and
has begun graduate school at
Harvard University's School of
Education. Debora M. Katz-Stone
is working toward her Ph.D. in
astrophysics and volunteering with
the Twin Cities Habitat for
Humanity Women's Project, an
all- female construction program.
Her husband, Adam Katz-Stone, is
a staff writer for the American
Jewish World and the recipient of a
Rockower Award for journalistic
excellence. Steven ]. Kaye was
graduated from the University of
South Carolina in May with an
M.B.A. and is working in London,
England, for a subsidiary of the
Miami-based pharmaceutical
company, IV AX Corporation.
Dmitry Khasak has begun medical
residency training at Columbia-
Presbyterian Medical Center in
New York City. Lisa B. Kushnit
works in the public relations
department at Deaconess Hospital
in Boston and is pursuing a
communications at Boston
University. Michelle I. Leder has
been living in Central Florida since
graduation and working as a
business reporter for the
Biadenton Herald. She reports that
living in Florida has changed her
Brooklyn accent into a Southern
drawl. Thomas Linfield is in Paris,
France, with his wife, Karla M.
Soarcs '86, where she is studying
for an M.A. in French through a
program with Middlebury College.
Jonathan A. Mclntyre is the senior
information management and
technology specialist in software
support at Digital Equipment
Corporation and has moved to
Framingham, MA. Kalman Miller
was graduated from Western New
England College School of Law. He
spent the last year at Cardozo
School of Law in New York City
where he was a member of the
Moot Court Board along with
James E. Schwalbe '90 Together,
their team won the Fordham Law
School Irving I. Kaufman National
Securities Law Moot Court
Competition. Lisa A. Morse
became engaged and is living in
Watertown, MA, and working as a
therapist in Brighton, MA. Eric A.
Polinsky continues to practice law
in the Hartford, CT, firm of
Polinsky &. Santos where he hopes
to expand the practice into wills,
estate planning and real estate law.
He lives with his wife, Jill, a
special education teacher, in their
new home in Avon, CT. James M.
Reichman was graduated in May
with an M.D. degree from George
Washington University Medical
School with honors in obstetrics.
He has begun a residency m
Hospital in New York City. David
M. Rosenblum won his first court
case with the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission
involving age discrimination in
which he successfully convinced
the jury to grant back pay in the
Class Name
1976
1977
1982
1983
1987
1988
Richard B. Epstein to Michele Korf
Mindy J. Littman to Grant Holland
David L. Markell to Mona Jacobs
Rabbi Susan Abramson to
Vladimir Ovorkin
Julie A. Black to Robert Shepard
Rabbi Dayle Friedman to Robb Hutler
Neil J. Kressel, Ph.D. to Dorit Fuchs
Steven Hamburg to Kathleen Hams
Judy Gitomer to Steven Secon
Bonnie Berger to Tom Leighton
Kaylah Zelig to Paul Campos
Martin A. Abeshaus to Aviva Troobnick
Carolyn S. Corn to Robert Bichoupan
Beth R. Fleischman to Steven L. Zweibel
Scott S. Glickman to Beth L. Kaplan
Thomas Linfield to
Karla M. Scares '86
Robyn Rosenau to Lee A. Spirer
Barry S. Ross to Michelle H. Finkelstein '(
Eric L. Schnur to Andrea M. Cota
David P. Silverman to Hildy S. Zevin
Susan I. Tevelow to Steven Feinstein
Andrea B. Wean to Scott H. Kremer
Marci R. Weiser to Jeffrey Gelb
Jodi Weiss to Steven Halper
May 7, 1989
April 26, 1992
June 9, 1991
June 23, 1991
April 5, 1992
May 17, 1992
August 11, 1991
May 22, 1992
March 28, 1992
August 25, 1991
July 31, 1992
October 11, 1992
June 21, 1992
May 24, 1992
June 13, 1992
December 26, 1 99 1
May 24, 1992
I October, 1 99 1
August 22, 1992
May 27, 1991
August 22, 1992
May 30, 1992
May 3, 1992
June 14, 1992
Engagements
Douglas M. Monasebian, M.D., D.M.D. to Jacqueline A London
Dan J. Berman, Esq. to Ilene Weisbard
Amy L. Levy to Jonathan Bergner
Paul Eisenberg to Toby Boshak '88
Lori B. Brown to Jon Hulak
Stephanie G. Fine to Aly Maroun
Melissa J. Glickman to David Mellman
Laurie J. Greenwald to Mark A. Saloman '89
Michelle I. Leder to Scott Cooper
Douglas B. Rosner to Erin Higgins
Susan J. Teubel to David Kalinec
Orna Okouneff to Josh Safer
Lisa B. Drate to Neil Jacobson
Leah A. Gittlitz to Robert Schiffman
Cindy Handler to Michael Steinberg '90
Charlee Leimberg to Robert Sterling
Janet L. Henner to Michael J. Wolf
Holly R. Litwin to Tod Northman
Judi Stillman to Roy Schwartz '89
Carol A. Aschner to Jarett Weintraub '91
63 Fall 1992
PUBLISH
YOUR BOOK
The
Vantage Press
Subsidy Publishing
YOUR BOOK
Since 1949 more than 15,000
authors have chosen the Vantage
Press subsidy publishing program.
You are invited to send for a free illustrated
guidebook wtiicti explains how your book can
be produced and promoted. Whettier your sub-
^_^____^^===^ lect IS fiction, non-
fiction or poetry,
scientific, scholar-
ly, specialized
(even controver-
sial), this hand-
some 32-page
brochure will show
you how to ar-
range for prompt
subsidy publica-
tion. Unpublished
authors will find this booklet valuable and infor-
mative. For your free copy, write to:
VANTAGE PRESS, Inc. Dept. B-87
516 W. 34th St., New York, N.Y. 10001
amount of $400,000. He says lie
believes those legal studies classes
at Brandeis have really paid off,
Douglas B. Rosner is a first-year
associate at the Chicago-based law
firm of Sonnenschein, Nath &
Rosenthal. Barry S. Ross has begun
a residency program at Mount
Sinai Hospital in New York City
while his wile, Michelle H.
Finkelstein 'S'), was graduated
from Hofstra Law. Debra J.
Rubenstein was graduated from
Rutgers Law School in Newark,
NJ, and was admitted to the New
York and New lersey bars. She has
been serving as a law clerk for the
Honorable Marianne Espinosa
Murphy in Morristown, NI. Jay
Ruderman will be graduating from
Boston University Law School in
the Spring of 1993. Terence A.
Sack continues to work in the
baseball card wholesaling business
and may reenroU in an M.B.A.
program, Elise B. Schlackman
completed her first year at Cardozo
School of Law in New York City
Cardozo Women's Law Journal.
She also worked for the Hebrew
Immigrant Aid Society, helping
Soviet lews to emigrate to the
United States, Matthew H.
Schwartz was graduated from
Pcppcrdine University School of
Ljw in M.ihbii, CA, andwas
.RLcptcd intii the producer's
prii,v;r.ini .u the University of
California Graduate School of Film
and Television, He is working in
the entertainment industry,
writing television scripts. His
work on copyright law was
published in the Beverly HiUs Bar
A\-,uchitinn Imunal. Nancy Sender
icceivcd .1 ) [1 in May from the
Tourii L.nv Center in Huntington,
NY, where she was a member of
the .Sulliilk liar /ournai editorial
board, David P. Silverman, a
market intelligence manager for
AT&T, has started a home
business called Car Connections
while his wife, Hildy S. Zevin, is a
customer service representative for
Proctor & Gamble, Robyn Rosenau
Spirer was graduated from Mount
Sinai School of Medicine and
began a residency training program
in Pediatrics/Psychiatry/Child
Psychiatrv at Mount Sinai
Hospit.il in liily. Her husband, Lee
A. Spirer '88 was graduated from
the Wham in School of Business at
the University of Pennsylvania and
IS a consultant to financial
institutions with Booz Allen and
Hamilton m New York City.
Susan ). Teubel has been teaching
hi.uh slIkhiI En.nhsh and German in
I'.iit St Liiue, FL, since 1989, She
Is mnvm.i; to Maryland,
accompanied by her fiance, David
Kalinec, to begin graduate studies
in English at the University of
Maryland at College Park, Susan I.
Tevclow received her M.B.A, from
Babson College and has moved to
Columbus, Ohio, where her
husband, Stephen, is with Price
Waterhouse, Philip S. Thomas has
been working as a software
engineer for Digital Equipment
Corporation in Nashua, NH, for
the past four years and has
completed a master's of science
degree in computer information
systems from Boston University,
Andrea B. Wean and Scott H.
Kremer were married in May in
Newton, MA, with fellow
classmates Fredrica L. Strumpf,
Cheryl L. Kaufmann and Marc M.
Morrison in attendance. Scott was
graduated magna cum laude from
the New England School of Law,
admitted to the Massachusetts bar
and is serving as a ludicial clerk in
the Superior Court of
Massachusetts for the 1992-93
term. Andrea took a position as
direct mail specialist with Banker
& Tradesman, a real estate data
publishing company, after a stint
as a copywriter in an advertising
agency. They spent their
honeymoon aboard a Caribbean
cruise and now live in Newton,
MA, Marci R. Weiser was
graduated from George
Washington University School of
Law and has returned to the
Boston area with her husband,
leffrey Gelb, for his residency
training in orthopedic surgery at
Tufts New England Medical
Center, Jodi Weiss was graduated
from the Columbia University
School of Dental and Oral Surgery
in May 1992 and has begun her
residency at North Shore
University Hospital. Robert S.
Zarum received his M.D. degree
from the University of
Massachusetts Medical School in
June and has begun a residency in
general surgery at the University
ofCnniu.ih. ,, liM.itcd
surgiL.il lungton,
CT Belli lliiMlini.ni /ueibel
works lui lib. u.iiiic.ilulliceof
Hadassah in New York City while
her husband, Steven L. Zweibel,
was graduated from the New York
University School of Medicine and
IS in a residency program in
internal medicine ,it Columbia-
Presbyterian Hospital in New York
City.
'89
Karen L. Gitten, Class
Correspondent, 35 Crosby Road
2nd Floor, Newton, MA 02167
, J. Cohen received her |,D,
from the Washington College of
Law at American University and is
a clerk at the Superior Court of
New Jersey, Peter M. Lefkowitz
received a J,D. degree in May from
the Touro Law Center in
Huntington, NY, Gons Nachman
is attending the University of
Pennsylvania Law School. Orna
Okouneff is working on
investment systems at Societe
Generate Bank in New York City.
Mark A. Saloman was graduated
from the University of
Pennsylvania School of Law. Amy
J. Weinstein is in the University of
California at Berkeley's Ph.D.
program in dramaturgy and
directing and says she would love
to hear from members of the Mod
16 alumni association.
'90
Judith Libhaber, Class
Correspondent, 33 Third Avenue,
Apt, 16K2, New York, NY 10003
Benjamin D. Ebel was graduated
from the Kenan-Flagler Business
School at the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, He is now
working for Arthur Andersen's
small business group in New York
City, Leah A. Gittlitz finished her
second year at the New York
University School of Medicine.
Her fiance, Robert Schiffman, will
be attending Columbia Business
School in the fall. Tamar Hela
Gollan moved to Tucson, AZ, to
begin a Ph,D. program in clinical
and cognitive neuropsychology.
She thanks Scott M. Sokol '84, her
mother and Professor Art
Wingfield for all their support.
Stella A. Levy received her
master's degree in education and
has accepted a third grade teaching
position at the Hackley School in
Tarrytown, NY. Diane Ross loined
the Navy in January 1992 and
completed the United States Navy
Officer Indoctrination School at
the Naval Education and Training
Center in Newport, RI.
'91
Andrea Kramer, Class
Correspondent, 5343 Washington
Street, West Roxbury, MA 02132
Janet L. Henner is working for IBM
in Atlanta while her fiance,
Michael J. Wolf, has completed his
first year at Emory University
Medical School, Thomas J. Kates is
working as a freelance
photographer in Boston. His first
solo photo exhibition took place at
the Cornelius Ayer Wood Gallery
in Concord, MA, last year.
'92
Beth C, Manes, Class
Correspondent, c/o Brandeis Office
of Alumni Relations, P,0, Box
9110, Waltham, MA 02254-91 10
Grad
Laura Abramson |Ph.D, '91, Heller
School) is regional director of
Teach for America in Arkansas
where she hopes to make the
program succeed by capitalizing on
community advice and support.
David M. Austin (PhD, '69, Heller
School), acting dean of the School
of Social Work at the University of
Texas at Austin and the Bert
Kruger Smith Centennial Professor
in Social Work, received the first
Lifetime Achievement Award in
the Teaching of Social
Administration, presented by the
Association for Community
Organization and Social
where she i
ember of the
Brandeis Review
produced and published her
seventh book, We Speak For Peace:
An Anthology, which is a powerful
collection of pro-peace and anti-
war poems and prose selected from
3,000 submissions she received
from people of all ages and
occupations throughout the
United States. Jacobs will be doing
readings from this book
throughout the country and
Your gill to the Braiideis
.4iuiual Fluid provides
muiual operational
suppoit to eruich die
educational experience:
for the esteemed faculn.
student scholaisltips and
financial assistance, for
the iiuiovative academic
and student leadersliip
progi'ams and for die
outstanding facilities for
intellectual and social
pnrsiuts.
the tmpact of child abuse and
domestic violence on the mem
tims and the
ital health
misdiagnose them
idults. As a result,
patients are often
d for their
lems and that their
ompoimded. Parts
re published in
immunity
Journal of
•ntal Health, Social
'ffice of Mental
tavid G. Roskies
'h.D. '75, NEJS),
dish literature at
>logical Seminary
ublished The
ther Wiitmgs, the
Schocken Books'
sh Classics.
erstein |'58, Ph.D.
;tor of the Herman
ih Studies and the
el Berman
•ish Studies at
ity, edited and
duction m the New
/ Press volume,
es on Israeli
-irly Years of the
le first volume in
Iter series called
ves on Jewish
lich he serves as
iheila Silver (M.A.
nusic), an associate
sic at the State
ew York at Stony
world premiere of
1, "To the Spirit
performed by the
concert sponsored
Port Jefferson Arts
1 Gerber Spire
sh) has published
The Kingdom of
h is the story of a
ning to
n 1940s Brooklyn,
he name of Merrill
f her other works
the World, which
cart Editor's Book
ntering Man.
in (M.F.A. '73,
s the recipient of a
Vward and a
ard for the
am "Brooklyn
1 M. Wronka (Ph.D.,
>ol) was invited to
nposium on Non-
State University of
tica in May on the
subiect of "Teaching Human
Rights in the Social Sciences." He
IS also principal investigator for
the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights Pro)ect and wrote
Human Rights and Social Policy
in the Twenty-First Century,
which was published in May,
1992.
Obituaries
News has been received that John
Robert Vega 77 passed away as the
result of an industrial accident in
Rockland, IL. He was an employee
of American Environmental, Inc.
of Portland, OR, and former owner
of J.R.V. Industries of Boston. He is
survived by his wife, Linda Clark
Vega, a stepson, Robert E. "Bobby"
Vega, and six siblings. Brian
Timothy Wilson '77 died of a heart
attack on July 7, 1992. He was
employed as the Minority and
Women Business Enterprise
manager for the Massachusetts
Port Authority, where his
assignment was to assure fair
opportunities tor minorities and
women as consultants and
contractors for the firm. He was on
the New England Minority
Purchasing Council's Certification
Committee and a member of
MASSPORT's Concerned Minority
Employee Committee. He was also
senior class speaker at his
graduation from Brandeis, and a
member of the planning
committee for the 1987 Third
World Reunion. Survivors include
his brother, Captain Leon A.
Wilson, Jr., and two sisters,
Marguerite A. Wilson and Theresa
E. Wilson-Mendez.
PUBUSH
YOUR BOOK
Since 1949 more than 15,000
authors have chosen the Vantage
Press subsidy publishing program.
You are invited to send for a tree illustrated
guidebook wtiicti explains how your book can
be produced and promoted . Whiether your sub-
,^^ -— ;-- ject is fiction, non-
fiction or poetry,
scientific, scfioiar-
ly, specialized
(even controver-
sial), this hand-
some 32-page
brochure will show
you how to ar-
range for prompt
subsidy publica-
tion. Unpublished
authors will find this booklet valuable and infor-
mative. For your free copy, write to;
VANTAGE PRESS, Inc. Dept. B-87
516 W. 34th St., New York, N.Y. 10001
PUBLISH
YOUR BOOK
The
Vantage Press
Subsidy Publishing
Program
: of $400,000. He says he
lieiieves those legal studies classes
at Brandeis have really paid off.
Douglas B. Rosner is a first-year
associate at the Chicago-based law
firm of Sonnenschein, Nath &
Rosenthal. Barry S. Ross has be,gun
a residency program at Mount
Sinai Hospital in New York City
while his wife, Michelle H.
Finkeistein '89, was graduated
from Hofstra Law. Debra J.
Rubenstein was graduated from
Rutgers Law School in Newark,
Nl, and was admitted to the New
York and New Jersey bars. She has
been serving as a law clerk for the
Honorable Marianne Espinosa
Murphy in Mornstown, NJ. Jay
Ruderman will be graduating from
Bos
lUn
■ Scho
the Spring of 199.? Terence A.
SackcontiiuiL-si,,u,.ikinthe
and m.i\ •' 1 I'. A.
program I li-i ;; s, lil.u kiiiaii
complcti .1 li> I III -.1 \. . I ,11 i,:ard
School of L.iw in New York Cit:
where she is a member of the
Cardozo Women's La
She also worked for tl
Immigrant Aid Societ
Soviet Jews to emigrai
United States. Matthe
Schwartz was gradual
Pepperdine University
Law in Mahbu, CA, ai
aceepted into the proc
pn.giamaitheUnivei
ished
right lav
the Beve
.'Usnt„i(i,,(i Inurnal.T
leecivedal.D in May
Touro Law Center in
NY, where she was a
the Suiliilk Hat Joutm
board. David P. Silver
market intelligence n
AT&T, has started a 1
business called Car C'
while his wife, Hildy
customer service repr
Proctor & Gamble. R(
Spirer was graduated I
Sinai School of Medic
began a residency trai
in Pediatrics/Psychiat
Psychiatry at Mount !
Hospital in July. Her 1
A. Spirer '88 was grad ^
the Wharton School o ;
the University of Pen I
institutions with Boo. z~
Hamilton m New Yoi Z—
Susan (. Teubel has hi 3—
high school English ai ;—
Port St. Lucie, PL, sin ="
IS moving to Marylan "^
accompanied by her fi Z—
Kalinec, to begin grad ^
in English at the Uni\ z
Maryland at College I ^
Tevelow received her
Babson College and h E_
Columbus, Ohio, whi Z
husband, Stephen, is ' ^_
Waterhouse. Philip S. =_
been working as a sof ^
engineer for Digital Ei —
Corporation in Nashi z_
the past four years an^
degree in computer in
systems from Boston
Andrea B. Wean and 5
Kremer were married
Newton, MA, with fe
classmates Fiedrica L
Cheryl L. Kaufmann i
IMorrison in attendance. Scott was
graduated magna cum laudu from
the New England School of Law,
admitted to the Massachusetts bar
and IS serving as a judicial clerk in
g TJ O) OJ
3 X v> V)
|z
z m
10)
?C/)
" m
program in dramaturgy and
directing and says she would love
to hear from members of the Mod
'90
Judith Libhaber, Class
Correspondent, 3i Third Avenue,
Apt. 16K2, New York, NY 10003
the Teaching of Social
Administration, presented by the
Association for Community
Organization and Social
64 Brandeis Review
Administration (ACOSA). Austin,
a founder of ACOSA, received the
award during the 1992 annual
program meeting of the Council on
Social Work in Education in
Kansas City, MO. He recently
chaired the Task Force on Social
Work Research. Ruth Ben-Ghiat
IPh.D. '91, history!, assistant
professor of history at the
University of North Carolina at
Charlotte, was awarded a
postdoctoral fellowship at the
Getty Center for the History of Art
Ruth Bcn-Ghuit
and the Humanities. She is
spending the 1992-93 academic
year in Los Angeles writing a book
entitled Culture and National
Identity in Fascist Italy. Linda C.
Brennan (M.F.A. '88, theater arts]
is a member of the faculty of the
American Academy and works as a
dialects/accent coach in theater
and the film industry. Cindy
Chazan |M.A., '74, NEIS) is
executive director of the lewish
Federation of Greater Hartford. She
was previously director of the
women's division of the Jewish
Federation of Greater Hartford and
director of its special leadership
development group and resides in
West Hartford with her husband.
Jay Leipzig, and their two children,
Deborah, age 16, and Eric, age 3.
Shirley Girouard (Ph.D. '88, Heller
School) is executive director of the
North Carolina Center for Nursing
in Raleigh, NC. The center is a
new agency of the state
govenunent created to address a
number of issues related to the
supply and demand of nursing
services. Ruth Harriet Jacobs (MA.
'69, Ph.D '69, sociology) has
produced and published her
seventh book. We Speak For Peace:
An Anthology, which is a powerful
collection of pro-peace and anti-
war poems and prose selected from
3,000 submissions she received
from people of all ages and
occupations throughout the
United States. Jacobs will be doing
readings from this book
throughout the country and
abroad. Joannemarie Klein (MA.
'88, history) completed her Ph.D.
at Rice University and began work
as an assistant professor of
European history at the University
of South Carolina at Sumter. Sin-
Doo Lee (Ph.D. '88, physics)
returned to Korea to ioin the
physics department of Sogang
University as a professor in
February, where he is conducting
research on liquid crystals and
polymeric materials. Edward P.
Morgan (M.A. '73, Ph.D., '76,
politics), professor of government,
was chosen as a co-wirmer of the
Christian R. and Mary F. Lindback
Award for distinguished teaching
during the academic year by a
senior member of the faculty at
Lehigh University in Bethlehem,
PA. Morgan specializes in political
and social movements in the
United States, propaganda and
socialization in American society
and American politics. He recently
received a grant from C-SPAN for
use of C-SPAN videos in the
teaching and study of
.governmental propaganda. Kate
Myre iM F A '^)2, thL-atcr arts),
Longmuir, Catherine Palfenier,
Paul Tavianini and Matt Williams,
created the Boston Repertory
Theater and began a 1992 summer
venture which they hope will
continue to thrive throughout this
year and into the future. Current
graduate students in the theater
department and some
undergraduate theater students
joined the recent graduates in the
production of three repertory
productions that played between
July 3 and August 10 at the new
Lyric Stage on Clarendon Street in
downtown Boston. Andrew Hill
Newman (M.F.A. '82, theater arts)
costarred in "Only Kidding," a
new play about the lives of stand-
up comics, at West Los Angeles's
most critically acclaimed small
theater since 1969, the Odyssey
Theatre. "Only Kidding" was
nominated for two Drama Desk
Awards during a smash New York
run and opened in April at the
Odyssey, with the original cast and
director. Newman may also be
seen in the feature film, Lethal
Weapon 3. last summer's box-
office hit. Stephen M. Rose (B.A.
'61, Ph.D. '70, Heller School)
conducted a study demonstrating
the impact of child abuse and
domestic violence on the mental
health of its victims and the
tendency of mental health
professionals to misdiagnose them
as mentally ill adults. As a result.
Rose found that patients are often
not being treated for their
underlying problems and that their
symptoms are compounded. Parts
of the study were published in
Hospital and Commuiuty
Psychiatry, The Journal of
Community Mental Health, Social
Work and the Office of Mental
Health News. David G. Roskies
('69, M.A. '71, Ph.D. '75, NEJS),
professor of Yiddish literature at
the Jewish Theological Seminary
in New York, published The
Dyhbuk and Other Writings, the
third volume in Schocken Books'
Librarv of Yiddish Classics.
Laurence J. Silberstein ('58, Ph.D.
'72, NEJS), director of the Berman
Center for Jewish Studies and the
Philip and Muriel Berman
Professor of Jewish Studies at
Lehigh University, edited and
wrote the introduction in the New
York University Press volume.
New Perspectives on Israeli
History: The Early Years of the
State. This is the first volume in
the Berman Center series called
"New Perspectives on Jewish
Studies," for which he serves as
general editor. Sheila Silver (M.A.
'74, Ph.D. '76, music), an associate
professor of music at the State
University of New York at Stony
Brook, had the world premiere of
her composition, "To the Spirit
Unconquered," performed by the
Guild Trio at a concert sponsored
by the Greater Port Jefferson Arts
Council. Merrill Gerber Spiro
(M.A. '81, English) has published
her latest book, The Kmgdom of
Brooklyn, which is the story of a
young girl's coming to
consciousness in 1940s Brooklyn.
Writing under the name of Merrill
Gerber, some of her other works
include King of the World, which
received a Pushcart Editor's Book
Award, and Chattering Man.
Samuel Weisman (M.F.A. '73,
theater arts) was the recipient of a
Golden Globe Award and a
Humanitas Award for the
television program "Brooklyn
Bridge." Joseph M. Wronka (Ph.D.,
'92, Heller School) was invited to
speak at the Symposium on Non-
violence at the State University of
New York at Utica in May on the
subject of "Teaching Human
Rights in the Social Sciences." He
is also principal investigator for
the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights Project and wrote
Human Rights and Social Policy
in the Twenty-First Century.
which was published in May,
1992.
Obituaries
News has been received that John
Robert Vega '77 passed away as the
result of an industrial accident in
Rockland, IL. He was an employee
of American Environmental, Inc.
of Portland, OR, and former owner
of J.R.V. Industries of Boston. He is
survived by his wife, Linda Clark
Vega, a stepson, Robert E. "Bobby"
Vega, and six siblings. Brian
Timothy Wilson '77 died of a heart
attack on July 7, 1992. He was
employed as the Minority and
Women Business Enterprise
manager for the Massachusetts
Port Authority, where his
assignment was to assure fair
opportunities for minorities and
women as consultants and
contractors for the firm. He was on
the New England Minority
Purchasing Council's Certification
Committee and a member of
MASSPORT's Concerned Minority
Employee Committee. He was also
senior class speaker at his
graduation from Brandeis, and a
member of the planning
committee for the 1987 Third
World Reunion. Survivors include
his brother. Captain Leon A.
Wilson, Jr., and two sisters.
Marguerite A. Wilson and Theresa
E. Wilson-Mendez.
University Grandfather Clock
We take great pride in offering the Brandeis University
Grandfather Clock. This beautifully designed commem-
orative clock symbolizes the image of excellence,
tradition, and history we have established at Brandeis
University.
Recognized the world over for expert craftsmanship, the master
clockmakers of Ridgeway have created this extraordinary clock.
Special attention is given to the brass lyre pendulum which depicts
the Official University Seal in deeply
etched bas relief; a striking enhancement
to an already magnificent clock. Indeed,
the clock makes a classic statement of
quality about the owner.
Each cabinet is handmade of the
finest hardwoods and veneers in a
process that requires over 700 separate
steps and the towering clock measures an
imposing 83"H x 23"W x 13"D.
Finished in brilliant Windsor Cherry, the
clock is also enriched with one of the
most advanced West German timing
mechanisms. Exceptionally accurate,
such movements are found only in the
world's finest clocks.
Enchanting Westminster chimes peal
every quarter hour and gong on the hour.
If you prefer, the clock will operate in a
silent mode with equal accuracy.
Beveled glass in the locking pendulum d(
and sides add to the clock's timeless and h:
You are invited to take advantage ot a convenient monthly
payment plan with no downpayment or finance charges
Reservations may be placed by using the ordei lorm Credit caid
orders may be placed by dialing toll free 1-800-346-2884 The
original issue price is $899.00. Include $82 00 for insured shipping
and freight charges.
Satisfaction is guaranteed or you ma) return your clock within
fifteen days for exchange or refund. Whether selected toi your
personal use or as an expressive, distinctive gift the Brandeis
University Grandfather Clock is certain to become an heirloom
cherished for generations.
r'imVATIONFm'BRANMS GRAND?™ Cl"()"cK ""
iss dial door
C.rmdiilkr tloi-kiM
Please accept my order for Brandeis Uii
$899.00 each. '0'-'""'''>
(Include $82.00 per clock for insured shipping and fre%ht ch irgcs)
1 wish to pay for my clock(s) as follows;
n By a single remittance of $ made pavabk to Sirnca
LTD.", which I enclose.
□ By charging the full amount of $ to my crtdit card indicated btlow.
n By charging my credit card monthly @ $89.90 for a period of ten (10) months.
Freight charges will be added to the first payment. 1 under.stand there is nc
downpayment and no finance charges, q ^g Q |^S| Q f^—l
only, add 6% sales tt
Full Account Number: Exp.
*0n shipments lo North Car<
Signature
Mail orders to: Brandeis University Clock, 7o P.O. Box 3345, Wilson. NC 27895.
Purchaser's Name: —
. Telephone (
I City, State, Zip:
I Credit Card purchasers may call toll free 1-800-346-2884.
I All callers should request Operator 75 IB.
I NOTE: All orders telephoned or postmarked prior to December 5 will be guaranteed
holiday delivery. Installment orders subject to credit approval.
Symbolizing a tradition of excellence.
83" H X 23" W X 13" D
V/W
l-K^
^
*.
LaNM.IK. II l.ldl. \l(N.l .111.1
Wdltn lalfePickw,. iii VjiK.i.aii
( iNilizanoii ami Politii-i mwm mi
politici stale and local u;o\( iiiiiic m
aiuldVK lilf" foi mam Ncai'. i~ .1
loimfluif; mcnihrr of the
Massa(hii>(ii>. Board of the Congress
on Racial K(jualily and has served
on the boai'd of the Commission on
Law and Social Action of the
American Jewish Confriess and on
theboardof diiv( loi^ .if ihr
Mexican- Amerirai 1 l.(:;al :ind
Education Defense Fund.
(.mlMinin, i,rl I lir riKillnioes of
amxn Ji iii_in- xmuM i. Bniiideis^s
M'^IPoiiMl.ihu Your -Hilodax ,
111 I )\ the ( lose of the fiscal year on
lime 30 1003, helps to ensure
the financial resources essential to
facidty and students today.
Won't you enrich
the Brandeis experience
with yoiu* gift to the
Brandeis Annual Fund?
Enrich the Experience
or to
For further inriir
make a gih (iltasc call the
Annual Fuiui Oflicr ai
bl7-736-t0-+0.
Office of the Annual Fund
Brandeis L niversiiv
P.O. Box 0110
Waltham. MA()22.-)-+-QflO
Appointed by President Keniiedx a>
the first overseas duector of the
Peace Coqis. he ser\ed in the
Philippiii.-fnmi 10(,M0(,;i. II,.
N\a>al.n,linM.|il,N Prcsidcnl Carl.r
an.lllir( mv^.a.rxrcnlixr
carecior,,rihrScl,vi Cmiini-inn,,,
Inmii-iaiiniiaiidHcrii-,T l',,li,A.
The t;oiiiJiii,-,?ioir3 report liiMaiiic
the basis for the hnmigratioii
Refomi and Control Act of I'Uit)
an.lthrF.-ailmmi-iali.MiHrronii
An ,,r l<t<)0. lli.laif.il k. •/■//,•
\,urnra„ K<,/<-i)/,.sro/>r: ll<,n:
iJhiiicilvdiKi Ihi' ( irii- ( iilliin: \\uii
the l'»')l riic(,d(,iv Salmon Award.
Professor Fuchs is one of Brandeis' s
treasured resources. The Brandeis
Aminal Fimil i. a major iTMHiivr l,H-
thel iii\,rHlN a>N\rll. (,ih.|(.
the Brand,:. Aimiial 1 im,l pn.Mdr
.■riliralmir,.>lnri,.,l dollars in
M,p|,ur,ur.,-I,„la,sh,|,a,d.
iniK.valivcia.'nllv research aiKJ
iwcrssarv campus mipnivcmciils.
The Justice Brandeis Society
Annual contributors of $1 ,000 or more
become members of the Justice
Brandeis Society, the recognition club
for the University's most dedicated
supporters. As a member, you will be
listed in the Justice Brandeis Society
Honor Roll and invited to attend special
events recognizing your leadership.
You will join a group of individuals
taking the lead in creating a strong and
successful future for the University.
Annual Membership Levels
Member $1 ,000-$2,499
The Castle Club $2,500-$4,999
The Emet Club $5,000-$9,999
The President's Circle $10,000-$24.999
The Supreme Court $25,000-$99,999
Lifetime Membership Levels
Benefactor $100,000-$499,999
Grand Benefactor $500,000-$999,999
Founder $1 ,000,000+
Please see
Class Notes to
complete
the prospective
student
referral card.
Makes His Mark on Boston
indeis Review
1 has become an
multicultural and
nary education
Joyce Antler '63, Karen Klein
and Shulamit Reinharz,
M.A. '69, Ph.D. '77
with Brenda Marder
10
young as nine during
Its movement recount
s and terrors of their
Ellen Levine '60
16
1 century attitudes still
ce?
Brenda Marder
22
y accomplishments of
nary man
Morton Keller
26
act now we are going to
face a future generation so needy
that the rest of society will look on
them as lepers," says the new
Suffolk County D.A.
Brenda Marder
32
Seung-il Shin '64, Ph.D. '68
Goes Where the
interesting Science is
Can a Wien Scholar figure out how
to mimunize the world's childrent
Janet Mesrobian
:, *1
Around the University
40 Class Notes
Faculty Notes
.awreiicc n. I*
Walter Jaffe Pi
Civilization ami I'dlilio. aiiixr In
politics, state aiid local goveniiiKiii
and civic life for majiy yeais. i> a
foiuicluig menilDer of the
Massachusetts Boaid of the Coiigres
on Racial EqiialitA and has served
on the hoard of ihr ( iiniiiiii^sidn un
Law and Sociiii Vciimi dl ilic
American Jewish (iuui;n>s and un
the board of directors of the
Mexican-American Le£;al and
F.<iu<alionn.>fen.eFund.
ain'xrr-,lK.iioiM-\Nu,l,l ,-, l!r^nid«-i.s
rrspunMhilily. ^uur-ill l.idaN.
I ir i ly the close of the fiscal yem- on
June 30, 1993, helps to ensure
die financial resources essential to
Won't you eiu'Icli
the Brandeis experience
with yoiu* gift to the
Brandeis Annual Fund?
tft
Enrich the Experience
For further iiiloniialioii or tc
make a jiih plraM- lall ihe
Annual Fund Oltiic al
6l7-730-K)-K).
Office of the Annual l-nnd
Brandeis Lhiiversity
P.O. Box QUO
Waltham. \1A022rH-011()
Appoinledl.yPreMdeni Krnnedv a-
the fii-st overseas diiector of die
Peace Corps, he sened in the
Phihppmes from 19bl-1')0.i. 1 ie
was also chosen by President ( iartci
and the Congress as exrcntivc
direcK.i-of ilirSi-lrci Coninn^sion u
ImmiKnilinM;nidHrrn-r,-P.,ll,A.
TheComnn.si,,!!. n.p,,rtl,r,.nnr
the basib for the hmnigration
Refonn and Conti'ol Act of 1 '*.">()
and the Lesal Inuniirrarion iirfoiin
Actof 1W(). Hi. lati-Ml k. /'//r
Ainciiaiii Kdlcidoscopt': /{(ice.
Ethnicity and the Civic Culture, w 1 1
the 1991 Tlieodore Salutos Award.
Professor Fuchs is one of Brandeis\"
treasured resources. The Brandeis
AiuMialF li.ainajorrrM.nnvlu
llu-l nixciMlv a. Nxrll. (.ill.io
llK'lirandri. \iniual Fundprovhlc
critical nnn-ln.i.-d.l,,llais in
support 111 .( Ii(ilaislii|i aid.
iimovati\r lainlix rcsi-arch and
necessary canipus iiii])rn\ciiiciils.
The Justice Brandeis Society
Annual contributors of $1 ,000 or more
become members of the Justice
Brandeis Society, the recognition club
for the University's most dedicated
supporters. As a member, you will be
listed in the Justice Brandeis Society
Honor Roll and invited to attend special
events recognizing your leadership.
You will join a group of individuals
taking the lead in creating a strong and
successful future for the University.
Annual Membership Levels
Member $1 ,000-$2,499
The Castle Club $2,500-$4,999
The Emet Club $5,000-$9,999
The President's Circle $1 0,000-$24,999
The Supreme Court $25,000-$99,999
Lifetime Membership Levels
Benefactor $100,000-$499,999
Grand Benefactor $500,000-$999,999
Founder $1 ,000,000+
Winter 1993
Brandeis Review
Agents for Intellectual
Change: Women's Studies
at Brandeis
The program has become an
exemplar of mukicukmal and
interdisciphnary education
Joyce Antler '63, Karen Klein
and Shulamit Reinharz,
M.A. '69, Ph.D. 11
with Brenda Marder
10
Freedom's Children
Children as young as nine during
the civil rights movement recount
the triumphs and terrors of their
participation
Ellen Levine '60
16
Evelyn Fox Keller '57 Reflects
Why do 17th century attitudes still
plague science?
Brenda Marder
22
Louis D. Brandeis's
"Mind of One Piece"
Extraordinary accomplishments of
an extraordinary man
Morton Keller
26
Ralph Martin II '74
Makes His Mark on Boston
"If we don't act now we are going to
face a future generation so needy
that the rest of society will look on
them as lepers," says the new
Suffolk County D.A.
Brenda Marder
32
Seung-il Shin '64, Ph.D. '68
Goes Where the
interesting Science Is
Can a Wien Scholar figure out how
to immunize the world's children'
Janet Mesrobian
36
Around the University
40 Class Notes
Faculty Notes
Brandeis Review
Dear Reader
Editor
Design Director
Brenda Marder
Charles Dunham
Vice President
Senior Designer
for Public Affairs
Sara Benjaminsen
David Rosen
DistribuUon/
Assistant Editor
Coordination
Elizabeth McCarthy
Nancy Maitland
Editorial Assistant
Review Photographer
Veronica Blacquier
Julian Brown
Student Assistant
Staff Photographer
Stacy LeficDwitz 93
Heather Pillar
Brandeis Review
Ex-OfBcio
Advisory Committee
1993
Teresa Amahile
Brenda Marder
Gerald S. Bemstem
Editor,
Edward Ensclberg
Brandei', Review
Irving R. Epstein
LonGans'83,M.M.H,S. '86
David Rosen
lanet Z. Giele
Vice President for
Jeffrey Golliind '61
Public Affairs
Lisa Berman Hills '82
Michael Kalafatas '65
Icmathan Margolis '67
Arthur H. Reis, Jr.
Adrienne Rosenblatt '61
Stephen J. Whitfield,
Ph.D. '72
Unsolicited manuscripts
Postmaster;
are welcomed by the
Send address changes
editor. Submissions must
to Brandeis University
be accompanied by
Brandeis Review
a stamped, self-addressed
P.O. Box 91 10
envelope or the
Waltham, Massachusetts
Review will not return
02254-9110
the manuscript.
Opinions expressed
Send to: The Editor,
In the Brandeis Review
Brandcii Review
are those of the
Brandeis University
authors and not
P.O. Box 9110
necessarily of the Editor
Waltham, Massachusetts
or Brandeis University.
02254-9110
¥1 1993 Brandeis University
BianJeis Review,
Office of Publications
Volume 12
Department
Numbers, Wmtcr 1993
of Public Affairs
Brandeis Review
(ISSN 0273-71751
University Maiiuzine
is published by
Network
Brandeis University
National Advertising
P.O. Box 91 10
Representative:
Waltham, Massachusetts
University Ma,^a:inc
02254-9110
Network
with free distribution to
15 East Tenth Street
alumni, students.
Suite #2F
Trustees, friends, parents
, New York, New York
faculty and staff.
10003
212-22S-1688
Fax 212-228-3897
Coicr f-du lUwiN
/ Kc Osh, usd./Udi/
shuiJ, (,i./ l/l/l
II n hLl il/sin,ji
Sm l/i hlh , ip'
Ilitilhd 1 "-'0
' r f u/.i /]
'hKbu,l ,/,/'"" '
It tht kdi Smith
\ i' n t Intoldm^ the
'i \n rxhihition
tht Ui n in Paper
at tht Rost Art
Mu turn Ottoberl
Nu: ember 15. 1992
During a recent trip to Britain, as we
roared over a feature in The Sunday
Times magazine, we were struck
once again by the power of our
common language to bind us
culturally. Written with that
peculiarly British dash of ridicule
and trenchancy, which tickled our
peculiarly American humor, the
article reported that "it's not
politically correct to be politically
coiTect any more. Instead, you have
to be cultEirally sensitive." In a
helpful gesture, the article then
presented a glossary of words and
phrases* to "unshackle your mind
from the bondage of capitalistic
patriarchal hegemonic discourse."
The Brandeis Review selected some
hilarious bits from the glossary (we
omitted those idioms we considered
not culturally sensitive for the
Brandeis Review) to share with our
readers.
alternative dentation: false teeth
alternatively schooled: uneducated
animal companion: pet
canine-American: a dog who resides
in the United States
clironologically gifted: old
deficiency achievement: failure
differently pleasured:
sadomasochistic
meaningful downturn: recession
morally different: dishonest
negative saving: nonjudgmental
synonym for "spendthrift"
nonviable: dead
person with temporarily unmet
objectives: loser
socially misaligned: psychotic
* (culled by The Sunday Times
magazine from The Official
Pohtically Correct Dictionary and
Handbook, by Christopher Cerf and
Henry Beard)
Satire on the nuance of langEiage can
take on exquisitely comical
proportions, but if you look seriously
at the English language, you will
detect a tremendous shift in diction
in the last five years. Some of the
changes originated in societal
upheaval in the United States in the
1960s, others, in universities when
scholars began to question age-old
concepts that had remained
unexamined in our culture for
centuries. In this issue of the
Brandeis Review, most of the lead
articles throw out clues as to how
language bends to the needs of
humankind.
Women's Studies has become a
catalyst for change. Faculty members
Joyce Antler '63, Karen Klein and
Shulamit Reinharz, M.A. '69, Ph.D.
'77 discuss with the editor how this
discipline has moved to the forefront
of academic enterprise, altering in its
course our world outlook and
methods of expression. Next, alum
Ellen Levine interviewed people who
were child-activists during the civil
rights movement. These youngsters,
who never truly spoke like children,
thought like children or reasoned
like children, spent their childhood
shaping the path of American
history; their words are marked by
simple eloquence.
We were absorbed with reading the
work of alum Evelyn Fox Keller:
what she found in the language of
science, as you will read on the pages
that follow, opens a whole universe
for revision. For us, namesake Louis
Brandeis is a source of continuing
fascination. Professor Morton Keller
surveys the Supreme Court justice's
career to show the role he played as
reformer. A newly appointed Boston
D.A., Ralph Martin II '74, thinks and
talks like a man of the moment. His
vocabulary and similes reflect an
urgent task as he works to bring
justice and social concern to his
Suffolk County beat. We close with a
report on Wien scholar Seung-il Shin
'64, Ph.D '68, a scientist who has
offered much in the public interest.
Brenda Marder
The Editor
Around the University
Reestablishing
Academic
and Economic
Equilibrium
The Board of Trustees, on
October 1 7, approved a plan
to reestablish academic and
economic equilibrium at
Brandeis by phasing in more
than $12 million in spending
reductions and revenue
enhancements over the next
four years. This amount
equals the proiected gap that
would exist between the
University's rate of spending
and annual sources of
income by July 1, 1996 in the
absence of corrective action.
At least $6 million of the
total will be realized by
increasing the level of
annual, unrestricted
gifts to the University.
Approximately $2 million
will come from cuts in
administrative budget units
and the remaining $4 million
will come from a
combination of reductions
and revenue enhancements
in academic programs.
President Samuel O. Thier
told the Trustees that the
goal of the plan, and a
companion effort underway
in the faculty to revitalize
the curriculum, is to preserve
and enhance Brandeis as an
intellectually robust
university with a focus on
the liberal arts and sciences
and a commitment to
excellence in teaching,
research and public service.
The major provisions
affecting academic programs
include: a reduction from 362
to 315 in budgeted faculty
positions, primarily through
attrition; adoption of
standardized teaching
requirements to preserve
small class sizes and to
maintain the number of
course offerings despite a
smaller faculty;
establishment of
departmental staffing levels
to assure the continuity and
quality of programs; a
requirement that, to the
extent possible, selected
centers, institutes and
programs not directly
connected to Brandeis's
teaching mission become
financially self-sustaining by
the start of the 1996-97
academic year; increases in
graduate school tuition and
fees to levels comparable to
peer institutions; and the
addition of several new
masters programs.
The plan reflects nine
months of work by members
of the faculty and
administration. The planning
was done by two
committees — an academic
planning group of faculty
chaired by Jehuda Reinharz,
Ph.D. '72, provost and senior
vice president for academic
affairs, and a support-unit
committee of faculty and
senior staff, chaired by
Stanley Rumbaugh,
executive vice president for
finance and administration.
Fund-raising
recommendations were
prepared by Daniel Mansoor,
senior vice president for
development and alumni
relations. The proposals
made by the committees
were continuously refined to
reflect faculty and staff
input. As part of the process,
the President discussed the
plan at two faculty "town
meetings" before he
submitted it to the Board.
Thier praised the efforts of
all those who participated in
the process, which he
described as a model of
collegial decision-making
and shared responsibility. In
making difficult choices, he
said, faculty and staff
demonstrated a remarkable
willingness to set aside their
parochial interests and act in
the best interest of the
institution as a whole. He
commended the Trustees for
committing themselves to
the enhanced fund-raising
that will be necessary to
make the plan work.
Reinharz, whose committee
crafted the major academic
components of the plan, said
the group was guided by a
number of principles,
including: maintaining the
quality of undergraduate,
graduate and research
programs throughout the
Eight Faculty
Members Receive
Promotions
University; using available
resources to refocus and
strengthen the commitment
to undergraduate education
while maintaining the
commitment to graduate
education and research;
preserving and enhancing
direct services to students;
and eliminating duplicative
administrative expenses by
pooling and sharing
resources. The committee
also determined that, in
allocating reductions in
budgeted faculty positions,
disproportionate reductions
would be assigned to
departments capable of
securing additional support
from external sources.
These include several science
departments and The
Heller School.
Eight faculty members
received promotions effective
at the beginning of the
academic year. Promoted to
associate professor with
tenure were: Richard
Alterman, computer science,
and Stefan Gerlach,
economics. Promoted to full
professor were Tzvi Abusch,
M.A. '63, Near Eastern and
Judaic Studies; Craig Blocker,
physics; Judith Irvine,
anthropology; Patricia
Johnston, classical studies;
Ibrahim Sundiata, African
and Afro-American studies;
and Gary Taylor, English and
American literature.
Abusch, the Rose B. and
Joseph Cohen Professor of
Assyriology and Ancient
Near Eastern Religion, is a
scholar of ancient Akkadian
texts, especially on magic
and witchcraft. He is the
author of two books,
Babylonian Witchcraft
Literature: Case Studies and
Lingering Over Words:
Studies in Ancient Near
Eastern Literature, and
dozens of chapters and
articles in his field. He is a
former Fulbright Scholar and
past fellow of the National
Endowment for Humanities.
Alterman is a computer
scientist whose expertise is
in artificial intelligence. His
3 Winter 1993
Patricia Johnston, professor
of classical studies (right)
Ibrahim Sundiata. professor
of African and Afro-
American studies (below)
two main areas of research,
adaptive planning and
semantic memory, explore
how the mind remembers
and solves problems. He has
written numerous articles
and chapters dealing with
computer science and
artificial intelligence. He was
appointed to the editorial
board of the Journal of the
Learning Sciences and wrote
an entry on adaptive
planning for the
Encyclopedia of Artificial
Intelligence.
Blocker is a high-energy
experimental physicist who
conducts his research at the
Collider Detector at Fermilab
near Chicago, one of the
premier high-energy physics
facilities in the world today.
His contributions there
include design and
prototyping. At Brandeis he
teaches undergraduate and
graduate courses in
electromagnetism,
experimental particle physics
and particle phenomenology.
Gerlach, who specializes in
macroeconomics, has
worked extensively in the
area of exchange rates and
business cycles. His research
deals with the Scandinavian
economy, U.S. trade
balance and the possible
adoption of a single European
currency. He is the author of
the book Economics of the
Dollar Cycle. Gerlach
received the Marver and
Sheva Bernstein Faculty
Fellowship and the first
Lemberg Teaching Award.
Irvine is a linguistic
anthropologist who is
working on the
.■construction and cditmg
of the lectures and other
unpublished works of the
distinguished anthropologist
Edward Sapir. She has
continued to publish papers
on African ethnolinguistics
and is one of the few
American scholars
specializing in that aspect of
the anthropology of the
French-speaking West
African states.
Johnston is a Vergil scholar
and Latmist who wrote
Vergil's Agricultural Golden
Age: A Study of the
Georgics. Her other works
include the book Tradito: An
Introduction to the Latin
Language and its Influence.
Sundiata is a political
scientist who focuses on the
political history of the
African offshore islands such
as Fernando Po and Zanzibar.
His books include Black
Scandal: The United States
and the Liberian Crisis of
1929 and Equatorial Guinea:
Colonialism, State Terror
and the Search for Stability,
which won a Choice
Outstanding Academic Book
Award in 1992. He was the
past recipient of a Woodrow
Wilson National Fellowship
and a Fulbright-Hays
Fellowship.
Taylor is an expert in
Shakespearean studies,
whose books include
Modernizing Shakespeare's
Spelling: Three Studies in the
Text of Henry IV, To
Analyze Delight: A Hedonist
Criticism of Shakespeare and
Reinventing Shakespeare: A
Cultural History from the
Restoration to the Present.
He is one of two general
editors of the new scholarly
edition of Shakespeare's
works published by Oxford
University Press. Taylor
initiated a scholarly
controversy a few years ago
with his identification of a
hitherto unknown poem as a
work by Shakespeare.
President Thier to Walker, Pochapsky
Chair CDC Advisory Honored
Committee for Teaching
President Samuel O. Thier
was appointed chair of the
newly created Advisory
Committee to the director of
the Centers for Disease
Control (CDC). The 15-
member committee will
advise the CDC on policy
issues and strategies to help
the CDC fulfill its mission to
promote health and prevent
disease, disability and injury.
Thomas Pochapsky, assistant
professor of chemistry, was
given the Walzer Award for
Teaching. Named for
Michael L. Walzer '56, the
prize is given each year to a
nontenured faculty
member who combines
superlative scholarship with
inspiring teaching. Cheryl
Walker, lecturer in classical
studies, was awarded the
Louis Dembitz Brandeis
Prize for Excellence in
Teaching, which is open to
all faculty. The awards
include a certificate and a
check for $1,000.
Bernard Reisman,
Ph.D. '70
Named to Chair
Bernard Reisman, director of
the Benjamin S. Hornstein
Program in Jewish
Communal Service, has been
appointed to the Klutznick
Chair in Contemporary
Jewish Studies. Reisman
joined the faculty part-time
in 1969 and was named full
professor in 1986. He has
written several books on
the contemporary Jewish
experience and helped create
the Hornstein Program,
where he has served as its
director since 1973. The
program is recognized for its
commitment to Jewish
communal leaders
and organizations of all
denominations.
Legacy Circle
Established
President Samuel O. Thier
has announced the formation
of an honorary society to pay
tribute to donors who help
ensure the future excellence
of the University. The
Brandeis Legacy Circle was
established by Brandeis in
conjunction with the
University's National
Women's Committee to
celebrate people who have
chosen to support the future
of Brandeis through
charitable bequests, life-
income gifts and trusts. With
the creation of the Legacy
Circle, individuals who
inform the University that
Brandeis has been included
in their estate plans are
honored during their
lifetime. Members will be
presented with a custom-
designed pin depicting
the society's new emblem
and a special, diploma-
like certificate, formally
recognizing their
membership.
4 Brandeis Review
Founders'
Celebration Draws
Hundreds
Celebrating what President
Samuel O. Thier called the
history and future of
Brandeis, the University
dedicated the Jacob and
Libby Goodman Institute for
the Study of Zionism and
broke ground for the
Benjamin and Mae Volen
National Center for Complex
Systems. Hundreds turned
out for the events on October
17 and 18, part of the 1992
festivities honoring the
University's founders.
Dignitaries visiting campus
for the events mcluded U.S.
Senators Edward M. Kennedy
(D-Mass.) and John F. Kerry
(D-Mass.), U.S.
Representative Edward
Markey (D-Mass.) and Israeli
statesman Abba Eban.
Eban's keynote address for
the Goodman Institute
dedication flashed with wit
and eloquence. The near-
capacity crowd in Spingold
Theater gave him a standing
ovation at the conclusion of
his talk on the modem
history of Israel, the
resilience of the Jewish
people and the worldwide
significance of Zionism and
the study of it today.
"Zionism is at the heart of
what I would call the Jewish
mystery," said Eban. He said
humankind is forced to
wonder at the Jewish
people's modem "renewal"
after decades of suffering at
the hands of prosecutors.
"When everything is said and
done and recorded and
written," he said of Israel,
"the fact is this is an
extraordinary triumph of the
human spirit."
Eban said that Zionism,
through the work of the
Goodman Institute, can look
forward to a new "horizon
built on hope and reality."
Provost and Senior Vice
President for Academic
Affairs Jehuda Reinharz,
Ph.D. '72 said Zionism has
been ignored as a scholarly
pursuit. "It has been too
controversial or even an
anathema. I am confident
that the Goodman Institute
will help rectify this
situation." The institute,
organized under the auspices
of the University's Tauber
Institute for the Study of
European Jewry and believed
to be the only one of its
kind in North America, is
designed to promote a
deeper understanding of the
historical and ideological
development of the
Jewish national renaissance
movement.
Thier said the history and
future of Brandeis were
embodied in the weekend's
events because one of
them — the ground
breaking — pointed to the
strong research mission of
the University, while the
other hearkened back to
Brandeis's roots as an
institution founded and
sponsored by the American
Jewish community. He said
the Brandeis community was
saddened by the death of
Libby Goodman, who had
planned to attend the
ceremony. She endowed the
institute as a lasting tribute
to her late husband, Jacob, an
ardent supporter of Zionist
causes and the State of Israel.
The Goodmans' son.
Professor Charles Goodman,
was given a special
citation in honor of his
family's support.
Thier told those attending
the ground breaking that the
Volen Center, set for
completion in May 1994,
will be the first new research
facility on campus in 22
years. Thier acknowledged
the support of
Massachusetts's
congressional delegation,
including Kennedy, Kerry,
Markey and the late Silvio
Conte, who helped get
federal funding for the
project, as well as past
President Evelyn Handler.
"All of us in the Congress
were proud to make the case
for Brandeis," said Kennedy,
who helped break ground for
the center. He pledged his
support to help secure
additional funding for the
$15 million project, and said
the University has been
"enormously courageous" in
pushing the project during
tough fiscal times. "This
ground breaking is an
effort to meet the future,"
said Kerry, who spoke at
the luncheon.
Markey said the 52,000
square foot center will be one
of the foremost research
facilities in the country.
Researchers who study the
brain and intelligence will
work in the center. Their
research interests range from
medical diseases of the brain
and nervous system to the
study of artificial
intelligence. Gerald D.
Fischbach, chair of Harvard
Medical School's
neurobiology department and
chief of neurobiology and
director of the neuroscience
center at Massachusetts
General Hospital, was the
luncheon speaker.
(see photos on pages 8 and 9)
Alumna Is New
Hillel Rabbi
Elyse Winick '86 has become
Brandeis Hillel's first woman
rabbi and director of student
activities. She comes to
Brandeis from the Jewish
Theological Seminary in
New York, and her part-time
position with Hillel is
coupled with her
responsibilities as a staff
member of KOACH, the
college activities department
for the United Synagogue
of Conservative Judaism. In
her dual capacity, Winick
will seek to expand activities
with other campus
groups and the Hillels of
area universities.
Director of
Development
Named
Pamela Tesler Howitt,
former assistant dean for
development and external
relations at Harvard
University's Graduate School
of Design, was named
director of development.
Howitt, who earned
her master's of professional
studies from Pratt
Institute, previously worked
in several capacities in
Columbia University's
development office.
Sharansky Speaks
at Brandeis
Sports Notes
Natan Sharansky
talking with students m
Ziv Commons
Obituary
Natan Sharansky, the Dan
Levenson Visiting Professor
at Brandeis, was on campus
this past fall to deliver
lectures, meet with students
and attend religious services.
Soviet-bom Sharansky
became a leading voice in the
Moscow refusenik
community after being
denied a request for an
emigration visa. Later
charged with treason,
Sharansky was imprisoned
for nine years and emigrated
to Israel following his
release. He told the Brandeis
community that Soviet
communism was doomed to
fail because it was a system
built on false values where
ethnic groups were exploited
in the quest to make
everyone equal.
Rosemary F. Dybwad, a
former senior research
associate at the Heller School
and expert of mental
retardation, died of cancer at
the age of 82. Dybwad was
graduated from Western
College for Women in Oxford,
Ohio. She received her
doctorate in sociology from
the University of Hamburg
and pursued postdoctoral
studies at the New York
School of Social Work. Her
early work dealt with
women's prisons and juvenile
delinquency, but in 1958 she
began to work exclusively in
the field of mental
retardation.
She and her husband, Gunnar,
directed the mental
retardation project of the
International Union of Child
Welfare in Geneva. Dybwad
was also a board member and
first vice president of the
International League of
Societies for Persons with
6 Brandeis Review
Mental Handicaps. She was
also appointed to the
Massachusetts
Developmental Disabilities
Council and to the board of
visitors of Boston University's
Sargent College of Allied
Health Professionals. She
served as consultant on
international affairs to the
president's committee on
mental retardation, as visiting
scholar to the National
Institute on Mental
Retardation in Toronto and
on the human studies
committee of the Eunice
Kennedy Shriver Center.
The Rosemary F. Dybwad
International Fellowship
Trust has been established in
Dybwad's honor by the
Association of Retarded
Citizens. The trust will
perpetuate and expand the
Rosemary F. Dybwad
International Awards, which
have been given to
scholars for the past 30 years
for international travel
and study.
Brandeis Announces
First inductees for Hail
of Fame
Brandeis University and the
Friends of Brandeis Athletics
(FOBA) have announced the
first inductees into
Brandeis's newly established
Athletic Hall of Fame. The
first induction ceremony
will be held at a dinner
on Saturday, March 27, at
the Gosman Sports
and Convocation Center
on campus.
"I felt that the number and
quality of the nominations
that we received showed us
how distinguished and
exceptional Brandeis's
athletic accomplishments
have been," said Morry Stein
'58, chair of the Hall of Fame
Selection Committee.
"The establishment of the
Hall of Fame is perhaps the
most significant action yet
taken by the Friends of
Alan Mintz
Appointed to
Braun Chair
Alan L. Mintz has been
appointed to the |oseph H.
and Belle R. Braun Chair in
Modem Hebrew Literature,
as one of only two or three
similar chairs at American
colleges and universities.
Mintz noted that with 350
students studying Hebrew at
Brandeis, the language has
been given a place of honor.
Mintz, who holds a doctorate
from Columbia University,
was formerly professor of
Hebrew literature at the
University of Maryland,
College Park.
Brandeis Athletics," said
FOBA president Bill Orman
'57. "The purpose of the Hall
of Fame is to recognize
annually and honor those
who have distinguished
themselves in the field or
development of
intercollegiate athletics at
Brandeis University."
The charter members of
Brandeis University's
Athletic Hall of Fame are:
Mark Becman '85, who was
the NCAA Division III
individual champion in the
1984 cross countiy
championships and the 1985
indoor 1500 meters
champion. Beeman was also
a six-time AU-American and
an All New England
champion indoors and
outdoors. He still holds the
NCAA Division III 1500
meter record and was a
member of the 1983 NCAA
Division III national cross
country championship team.
Mike Fahey '75, who was an
All- American in both
baseball and basketball. He
was the 1975 EC AC Division
III Player of the Year in
basketball and was second in
NCAA Division III in scoring
with a 28.9 points per
game average. Fahey was
named a Greater Boston
League All-Star in baseball
four times and was MVP
in 1975. He was drafted by
the Washington Bullets
of the NBA.
The late Benny Friedman,
former director of athletics
and football coach, who was
an Ail-American quarterback
and captain at the University
of Michigan in 1926. He
joined the Brandeis staff in
1949 as director of athletics
and was head football coach
from 1951-59 with a career
record of 35-29-4. Friedman
is known as the founder of
the athletic program at
Brandeis. In football, he was
the first great forward
passer in the game and
played professional football
at Cleveland.
Long-time fencing coach,
Lisel Judge, with
Aiell Schuigin Shapiro '74
Rudy Finderson '58, who is
the school's all-time leading
scorer in basketball with
1,733 points. Finderson
served as head basketball
coach for three years from
1958-61. He also holds the
school record for most free
throws made in a game and
in a season and was drafted
by the Boston Celtics.
Sid Goldfader '54, who
played on the football,
basketball and baseball
teams at Brandeis. A great
running back, he was the
first football player to be
named to the All New
England small college all-star
team. He holds school marks
in career rushing and single
season rushing and played
professional baseball for the
Milwaukee Braves. One of
the original founders of
FOBA, he served as director
of alumni affairs at Brandeis
in the seventies.
Cleveland Lewis '78, who
was captain of the first
national championship team
in the history of the
University. He was named
MVP of the 1976 NCAA
Division III national
championship game won by
Brandeis. Lewis played four
years of soccer and was an
Ail-American and All New
England performer. He set
the school's all-time scoring
record with 58 goals. Lewis
played professional soccer
with the New York Cosmos.
The late James McCully '86,
who was a two-time Ail-
American soccer player and
an Academic All-Amencan.
A defender, he was MVP of
the 1984 Championship
Game, despite Brandeis's
triple overtime loss. His
team was undefeated in the
regular season and ranked
number one in the nation in
his senior year. He served
as captain and was an All
New England performer
three times.
Bill McKenna '55, who was
the University's first All-
American in any sport,
receiving the AP Little All-
American Award m 1954 as a
wide receiver. He holds
school marks for most points
scored in a career, most
points scored in a game,
most passes caught in a
Books Needed for
Women's Committee
Temporary Library
in Florida
season, most passes caught
in a game and most receiving
yardage in a career. He
played 12 years of
professional football for the
Calgary Stampeders of the
Canadian Football League.
James Stehlin '57, who was
the best quarterback in
Brandeis history. He was
named AP Little All-
American in 1956. He led the
nation in total offense for
small colleges in 1955. He
was a two-time All New
England player and was on
the ECAC all-star team in
1*356. Stehlin was also
captain of the baseball team.
A great high school football
coach, he was inducted into
the Massachusetts High
School Football Coaches Hall
of Fame. He holds school
marks in career scoring,
single season scoring, career
total offense, career
touchdown passes, career
passing yardage and career
completion percentage.
Arell Schurgin Shapiro '74,
who was the top women's
fencer in Brandeis history.
She was the school's first
All-Amencan in the sport
and led her team to a second
place finish in the NCAA
national fencing
championship in 1972.
Shapiro was the New
England champion in 1972
and 1973. At the 1973
Maccabiah Games, she
earned a silver medal.
Years of raising money for
the Brandeis Libraries
through a used bookstore
turned out to be good
preparation for a group of
Brandeis University National
Women's Committee
volunteers who wanted to
help victims of Hurricane
Andrew. With all public
libraries and four schools
closed along a 20-mile strip
south of Miami, and $7.5
million in books and
materials lost, the logical
response for these book
lovers was to set up a
temporary library in the
most hard-hit area.
The Women's Committee's
Florida Region and its Florida
Book Store are asking the
entire Brandeis community
to help stock its shelves with
donations of "nearly new"
children's books, paperbacks
and Spanish fiction. The
library will be staffed by
Women's Committee
volunteers six days a week; it
will include space in which
children can read quietly or
do homework.
While awaiting arrival of the
trailer that will house the
library, the Book Store has
collected and distributed
books to some of the six
elementary schools that
reopened recently in the area.
Although the Book Store is
run cooperatively by the
Hollywood, North Dade and
Hills chapters of the
National Women's
Committee, the whole
Florida Region of the
Women's Committee has
pitched in to help.
The Deerfield Chapter near
Boca Raton received a
donation of books from a
Deerfield Beach school
untouched by the storm.
Book Store customers and
local organizations have
donated more than 1 ,000
books and a 40-tape
children's video
encyclopedia. People have
brought in boxes of books
from all over the state,
including a couple who drove
an hour and a half to bring
children's books. Their
four-year-old grandson
included his own donations
with a note that read,
"Happy reading!"
"We felt that with this
library we would be doing
our own small part to bring
some sense of normalcy to
the lives of people who have
lost so much. We all
appreciate the concem that
so many members of the
Brandeis community have
shown for our plight down
here and we hope they will
now be able to help us by
sending a box of books for
the library," said book store
chair Harriet Bial.
Please send books via the
U.S. Postal Service, book
rate, to;
Brandeis Book Store
The California Club Mall
850 Ives Dairy Road T-5
North Miami Beach, FL
33179
For further information,
contact Harriet Bial at
305-922-2425.
7 Wmter 1993
Founders' Celebration
President Samuel O. Thier
presenting a special citation
to Charles Goodman in
honor of his family's support
for the Goodman Institute
Trustee Emeritus Maurice
Cohen speaking at the
breakfast preceding
the dedication of the Jacob
and Libby Goodman
Institute for the Study
of Zionism
Louis Perlmutter '56, chair
of the Board of Trustees,
delivering his welcoming
remarks at the Founders'
Day dinner
Breaking ground for the
Benjamin and Mae Volen
National Center for
Complex Systems are
center. President Samuel O.
Thier i sixth from right, Irwin
Levitan, director of the
center; fifth from right,
Senator Edward M. Kennedy-,
fourth from right.
Representative Edward
Markey-, and fourth from left,
Louis Perlmutter, chair of
the Board of Trustees
8 Brandeis Review
Msf and Senior Vice
lic\hh-nl tor Academic
Atidu\ Ichuda Reinhaiz,
1%.D. 72 walking on
campus with Abba Eban
Senator luhn F. Kerry
spcakm,v. at the luncheon
before the ground breaking
for the Benfarnin and
Mae Volen National Center
for Complex Systems
Reviewing the model of the
new Benjamin and Mae
Volen National Center for
Complex Systems are left,
Representative Edward
Markey and his wife, Susan
Blumenthah right. Senator
Edward M. Kennedy and his
vnfe, Vicki Reggie Kennedy;
center. President Samuel O.
Thier; and to Thier's right,
Irwin Levitan, director of
the center
'^
■>r .:
■*■•
;«*
*^.|
""'-^i
.'.iSZit:
Agents for
Intellectual Change:
Women's Studies
at Brandeis
Hfe
m
The following is an edited
transcript from a discussion with
Joyce Antler '63, Karen Klein,
Shulamit Reinharz, M.A. '69, Ph.D. '77
and Brenda Marder
Marder: When and how did
Women's Studies enter the academy
in the United States?
Antler: The first Women's Studies
courses appeared at the end of the
1960s. But the growth of the field
was astonishing. A 1974 directory
listed 4,490 Women's Studies
courses taught at 995 institutions.
The early courses were usually in
history, literature and sociology. By
the end of the decade, many other
fields had added courses about
women, and a second stage of more
advanced theoretical offerings
began.
Klein: There is no doubt that
Women's Studies was prompted by
the energy surging through the
women's movement. Let's take into
account, too, the anti-war
movement that peaked in the late
1960s. The feminist movement was
energized by the social ferment of
that period. We of the older
generation had been taught by male
teachers, and our course content
was devoid of female characters —
there had been absolutely no female
perspective.
Reinharz: The first courses focused
on women because rarely had
women been included in studies of
human endeavor. What came out of
this new approach was a larger
issue, however, namely that the
disciplines that people had been
trained in were now discovered to
be seriously flawed because they
reflected a male bias. Other
deficiencies bearing on larger
questions flowed from this
realization, particularly the male-
oriented definitions of concepts,
such as "work," the
"Enlightenment" and "moral
development." Sociological studies
of work, for example, excluded
housework and volunteer work; the
"Enlightenment" ignored the
condition of women's lives,- and
"moral development" research used
standards derived from the study of
boys alone, ignoring questions of
gender differences. New feminist
lenses allowed us to ask questions
about the disciplines; for example,
how did the privileged position of
scholars affect the scholarship they
produced?
Marder: What about the sociology of
Women's Studies in the academy?
How did the male-dominated
academy react? Did it encourage or
resist, and what tactics were
employed to force these courses into
the curricula?
Reinharz: By the mid to late 1970s,
people were involved with what
was called "curriculum
transformation." At that time a lot
of money was being channeled into
higher education by foundations,
the federal government and
corporations. Many foundations
underwrote proposals to bring
scholars together to examine
curricula and to create new syllabi.
In this context of prosperity,
American society was reexamining
itself and the atmosphere was one of
experimentation. Women's Studies
programs were introduced during
the era of intellectual openness and
curriculum transformation along
with other academic innovations in
many institutions.
Marder: How did this play out at
Brandeis?
Klein: Brandeis courses in Women's
Studies officially started in 1977.
But before that, in the English
department where I teach, we had a
rubric called Senior Seminar. All a
faculty member had to do was to
sign up to teach that seminar and
select the author he or she intended
to concentrate on. So, for example, I
taught Doris Lessing this way in
1971 and then did another seminar
on Lessing, George Eliot and
Virginia Woolf and did not have to
go through the Humanities Council,
which probably would have looked
unfavorably on a course with a
feminist approach. So that was one
strategy — to use existing structures
and insert new substantive material.
It wasn't until 1977 that I put
through a real feminist course that
went the full route to achieve
University approval, called
"Contemporary Women Writers."
Marder: Was there no resistance to
your choosing a female writer to
insert in your Senior Seminar or no
outcry at your submitting a real
feminist course for University
approval?
Klein: I was a woman professor at a
time when there were very few of
us. So I was considered marginal on
that account and the faculty
thought that what I did was not
really central to the department,
anyway. Therefore in my own
department I didn't meet any
resistance — nor any enthusiasm,
either. None of my colleagues
approached me to say, "Let's discuss
these authors you are integrating
into your course work." But, on the
other hand, the responses from the
students were very enthusiastic.
Reinharz: May I make a comment
here about the functions of
universities? Institutions of higher
learning have two missions that are
in conflict with each other, but out
of that conflict flow some dynamic
changes. Universities accept a
responsibility for evaluating and
protecting knowledge and passing it
on to the next generation. But
equally, they feel a duty to act as
agents for intellectual change. And
they want to respond to social
change. In Karen's example you can
see there are structures that allow
for change in a department. There
11 Winter 1993
Joyce Antler '63, associate
professor of American
Studies, received her B.A.
at Brandeis and her Ph.D.
in American history from
the State University of
New York at Stony Brook.
Antler is the author of
Lucy Sprague Mitchell;
The Making of a Modem
Woman and The Educated
Woman and
Professionalization: The
Struggle for a New
Feminine Identity, and has
coauthored a historical
drama. Year One of the
Empire: A Play of
American Politics, War
and Protest. She is also the
editor o/ America and I:
Short Stories by American
Jewish Women Writers
and coeditor of The
Challenge of Feminist
Biography: Writing the
Lives of Modem Women
and Change in Education:
Women as Radicals and
Conservators.
Her areas of interest
include the history of
women's education,
women's biography,
Jewish women in the
United States and
historical drama. Her
work in progress is
entitled Joumey Home:
A History of Twentieth-
Century American Jewish
Women and Their
Stmggle for Identity.
Antler has been teaching
at Brandeis since 1979
and was director of the
Women's Studies Program
from 1980-1990. She was
also the president of the
Massachusetts
Foundation for the
Humanities from 1990-
1992. She was
instrumental in forming
the Graduate Consortium
Karen Klein has pursued a
dual career as visual
artist and teacher. An
associate professor of
English literature, she
earned her M.A. and
Ph.D. from Columbia
University and has taught
at Brandeis since 1 964.
Trained as a comparative
medievalist, her teaching
interests have branched
out to Women's Studies
and humanities. She is
currently the director of
the humanities
component of the
University Studies
Program, Brandeis's core
curriculum.
are also very explicit approaches
people use to make large-scale
changes. So when you create
something new like Women's
Studies, you search for adequate
teaching materials, you measure the
response to it, you seek professional
societies that are devoted to the
topics in which you want to engage.
You follow all of the standard
procedures and gradually the margin
becomes the mainstream. Right
now I sense a real partnership
between Women's Studies and
many other departments. Evidence
of this is the large numbers of
Brandeis graduate students who are
integrating Women's Studies with
their programs, and the number and
quality of jointly sponsored events.
Still, some departments have very
few women faculty and no courses
that deal with women's experiences.
There's a lot of hiring that needs to
be done to rectify that deficiency,
and I'm worried that it won't be
done because we are in a period of
retrenchment.
Marder: At the same time that
Women's Studies was developing,
African-American Studies was also
emerging. How did these new
concepts tie together?
Antler: When I came to the
American Studies department in
1979, my specialty in Women's
Studies was welcomed there. My
predecessor had made the
breakthrough for me. Pauli Murray
was an Episcopal minister, an
attomey, an activist in the civil
rights and women's movements and
a powerful force on campus. She
helped start African-American
Studies at Brandeis. In her person,
you could see the unity of African-
American and Women's Studies.
Sometimes a person like Pauli, who
commanded such respect, can ease
the process of innovation. But while
in some quarters, the academy was
receptive to innovation, there was
an initial resistance to Women's
Studies. The notion was that the
area was okay, but the proponents
shouldn't make too much noise
about it.
Marder: Karen, you were present in
1977, when the faculty first voted
the Program in. Around what points
did the discussion turn?
Klein: The proposal to start the
Program created a noisy debate
within the faculty. Some faculty
members felt Women's Studies did
not constitute a real discipline,
others felt it was extraneous
because these subjects were already
included in our regular curriculum.
The line of argument went like this:
the curriculum is for everybody.
Why do we need a special
curriculum for women? Won't we
need a special curriculum for men,
then?
12 Brandeis Review
loyce Antler, left.
Karen Klein, center,
and Shulamit
Reinharz, right
Her involvement with the
Women's Studies Program
began with the teaching
of the fiist classes on
literature by women in
1971. Continuing that
pursuit, she now teaches
a course, "The Political
Novel in the Twentieth
Centuiy, " which employs
a feminist critical
perspective on texts by
both men and women.
Klein brings to the
Women's Studies Program
an historical perspective-,
she was one of the
instructors present when
the idea of beginning this
program was first
discussed. She combined
her involvement in it and
her artwork by
contributing a drawing for
the poster for the feminist
conference celebrating 10
years of Women's Studies
at Br and e is. Her work in
progress, The Third Term:
Artists Reflect on Gender,
documents her research
on gender awareness in
visual artists inside their
studios and outside in the
world at large.
shulamit Reinharz, M.A.
1 1':^. Ph.D. '77, professor of
siKiology and director of
I lie Women's Studies
''Ingram since 1991.
. .-fli! teachmgat
>uindeisin 1982, after
having taught in the
School of Social Work, the
Department of
Psychology and the
Women's Studies Program
at the University of
Michigan. Her main
teaching areas are group
dynamics, social
psychology, qualitative
research methods,
gerontology and the
history of women 's
sociological work.
Reinharz has authored
On Becoming a Social
Scientist and Feminist
Methods in Social
Research, which was
named an "outstanding
academic book for 1993"
by Choice, the review
iournal for academic
libraries. She coauthored
Psychology and
Community Change and
coedited Qualitative
Gerontology.
She has done research on
the social psychology of
miscarriage, the history of
sociology, feminist
research methods and
qualitative methodology,
women's history in Israel
and aging in a kibbutz.
Under hei direction, the
Women 's Studies Program
Community has started a
joint graduate program
between Women's Studies
and 10 Ph.D. programs,
and she hopes in the fall
to begin a set of one-year
joint M.A. programs with
some of these graduate
programs.
Antler: It's important to put on
record that Women Studies received
no administrative assistance: not
one cent for almost the first whole
decade of its existence. No
telephone, no typewriter, no office,
nothing. This circumstance is a
measure of how interdisciplinary
programs fared in the University at
the time and also how Women's
Studies programs across the country
often had to rely on the blood and
sweat of dedicated faculty
committees and directors, who
already had full-time departmental
responsibilities. At a critical time,
we received support from the Sagan
family, which helped us push
forward our program.
In the face of considerable obstacles,
our Program was unusually
vigorous. By the early 1980s, 10 to
1 5 courses were being offered
annually. In 1981 we introduced an
interdisciplinary core course, which
is still in place and has served as a
model for the new Graduate
Women's Studies core course, and
for Women's Studies programs
nationwide. In 1987 we received a
Ford Foundation Grant for faculty
development. In addition to
encouraging many Brandeis faculty
to include gender as a category of
analysis in their courses, it allowed
us to revise courses to make them
more multicultural, so that we
could devote added attention to
race, class and ethnicity. Diversity
is a direction the Program has been
growing in ever since.
Reinharz: With regard to diversity,
we avoid studying women as a
single category with homogeneous
attributes, an approach known as
"essentialism." Women are a
diversified group, so we think of
women's lives in terms of racial
differences and similarities, class
differences and similarities and
cross-cultural, age, disability and
sexuality issues. The perspectives
just keep proliferating. I believe that
Women's Studies at Brandeis has
become an exemplar of
multicultural and interdisciplinary
education, and should continue to
push itself further and further in
this direction.
Marder: Brandeis, by all accounts,
offers an outstanding Women's
Studies Program. What are some of
the distinguishing characteristics?
Klein: We are a collaborative
enterprise drawing on faculty from
all disciplines. The policy at
Brandeis is to hire faculty through
departments; only by exception are
people hired to teach in a
specialized program. Women's
Studies calls on scholars from any
13 Winter 1993
field that exists at Brandeis in which
women or men include a focus on
women and use gender as a method
of analysis.
Reinharz: This model of pedagogy
affects faculty and departments all
over campus because it brings us
together rather than separating us.
Since it relies on cooperation from
all parts of the University, you can
see how far the Program has come
in regard to support beyond that
first circle of a few dedicated
women and men. This semester, for
example, there are six new
Women's Studies crosslisted
courses, three of which are taught
by faculty members who have never
offered a Women's Studies course
before.
Antler: There is a special ethos at
Brandeis. There has always been a
singular spirit of freedom here,
because we are a young university,
not weighed down by the burdens of
tradition. Even though in this
discussion of the Women's Studies
Program at Brandeis we emphasized
what a struggle it was to get the
Program going, we should note that
Brandeis offers an unusual amount
of freedom to think in new ways. In
1988, we held an extraordinary
conference here, called "Creating a
Feminist Legacy," to celebrate the
10th anniversary of the Women's
Studies Program. The Program
brought 35 Brandeis alumnae back
to campus from around the country
to participate in three days of
panels. All 35 were pioneers in the
field of feminist scholarship. And
there were many other alumnae
who are leading feminist scholars
who couldn't come. This suggests
that Brandeis has been exceedingly
hospitable to women's intellectual
growth all along — most of these
alumnae came to Brandeis before
our Women's Studies Program was
in place. Considering our size, we
have graduated an incredible
number of leading feminist scholars.
Marder: Like many disciplines,
Women's Studies must harbor two
or more conflicting ideologies,
which can tear at the fabric of a
program. Is this a problem at
Brandeis?
Reinharz: No. We are inclusionary.
This is one of the factors that
distinguishes our Program. There
has never been an ideological
position that people must subscribe
to. Women's Studies is predicated
on a respect for women, an attempt
to understand gender relations: we
are genuinely interested in hearing
all perspectives.
Antler: Talking about perspectives,
I'd like to mention that
undergraduates often arrive on
campus with distorted notions that
derive from currents in the larger
society. Let me frame the problem
with this question. What does it
mean for students, male or female,
to align themselves with Women
Studies? Some of them see
Women's Studies and feminism as
politically confrontational and
socially angry. A belief that has
plagued Women's Studies programs
across the country has been called
"fear of feminism." It's not
surprising that students hold such
attitudes given media portrayals and
other aspects of the so-called
"backlash against feminism" during
the 1980s. Our challenge is to find
ways to break down negative
perceptions. It's a hard task but I see
a new attitude on the part of current
students.
Klein: If you are a student with a
certain world outlook, if your world
is dependent on seeing things m
certain clearly defined terms, and all
of a sudden you see that issues have
many aspects instead of one, the
result, especially for adolescents,
can be unsettling. This experience.
however, occurs not only in
Women's Studies, but is supposed to
be part and parcel of a liberal arts
education.
Reinharz: Sometimes I am
surprised at how hard college
students are on each other. But then
I try to keep in mind that college-
age students arc trying to figure out
their identity. "What kind of man
am I?" "What kind of woman am
I?" "What kind of partner do I want?
When?" There are so many ways
now of being men and women. For
some students these questions are
frightening. Young people not only
are dealing with sexual orientation,
but also with career choices and
family life and other personal
concerns. Women's Studies acts as a
lightning rod for these issues. Many
students who take our courses risk
being labeled in unattractive
stereotypic ways: often they are
forced to engage in angry discussion
with peers and parents to justify
why they are even in the Program.
Marder: How can you as teachers
combat this prejudice against
Women's Studies?
Klein: If you shift the feminist issue
into what I believe is the
appropriate context — into human
rights — you automatically get a
wider angle of vision. When you
study feminism, it opens up issues
of racial rights, religious rights,
sexual preferences and the like. You
cannot logically ask that one
particular group be granted its
rights, while others should be
denied theirs. As students' minds
open, we hope their understanding
of feminism acts as an agent for
change: personal and communal.
Marder: Let's talk about the
graduate program. It appears to be
14 Brandeis Review
Women's Studies
Program Community
energetic, creative and popular with
both students and faculty.
Reinharz: The graduate program has
generated a lot of interest. From my
experience, graduate students differ
developmentally from
undergraduates. Many are beyond
tiying to figure out their identity
and are stimulated by purely
intellectual motives. Either they
want an understanding of Women's
Studies that they had not attained
m their undergraduate curriculum
or they want to criticize,
complement or expand their own
discipline from a feminist
perspective. I don't find graduate
students experiencing ridicule or
hostility for engaging in Women's
Studies.
Antler: An innovation that extends
the dimensions of the graduate
program is the new Graduate
Consortium for Women's Studies at
Radcliffe that we have created with
six other universities in the area:
MIT, Harvard, Northeastern, Boston
College, Tufts and the Harvard
Divinity School. This arrangement,
housed at Radcliffe, offers graduate
students specially designed, team-
taught, interdisciplinary courses.
Reinharz: Our graduate program can
be considered a pioneer in the area.
Colleagues, both men and women,
are drawn to it: 10 departments
have joined with us to add
perspectives from their own fields,
because they know that participants
in the Program, students and faculty
alike, are gi'appling with the big
questions in society. Graduate
students do research in a number of
areas that pique the interest of
faculty. In fact, as has frequently
been the case, students who are
doing work in an area related to
women often spur faculty members
into opening new channels of
inquiry. Faculty are eager to join in
the new graduate program because
they know the scholarship is on the
cutting edge. ■
The Women's Studies
Program Community
(WSPC) at Brandeis is
envisioned as more than a
program. It is a community
with shared interests,
where faculty, staff and
students join together to
exchange ideas, discuss
objectives, organize
lectures and enhance the
intellectual life on campus.
Consisting of 46 faculty
members from various
departments, staff
members from around the
University and students
studying in the Program,
the WSPC meets monthly
to decide such policy
matters as the desirability
of setting up a working-
papers series, the
rationale for remaining a
program rather than a
major and the
encouraging of a
particular department to
offer a Women's Studies
crosslisted course. All
faculty teaching courses
crosslisted with Women's
Studies are invited to join,
as are staff with an
interest in Women's
Studies.
Ten or more
undergraduates at
Brandeis earn a certificate
in Women's Studies each
year by completing an
introductory course, four
other crosslisted courses
and a senior essay.
Approximately 14 courses
are crosslisted each
semester among a wide
variety of departments and
Women's Studies. The
best senior essay is
awarded the Giller-Sagan
Prize at the annual
luncheon honoring
graduating seniors in
Women's Studies.
Currently 33
undergraduates are
enrolled in the Program
and hundreds are taking
the courses.
In fall 1992, the Graduate
Program in Women's
Studies opened with 32
students enrolling in the
joint M.A. program
between Women's Studies
and 10 Ph.D. programs
(American civilization,
anthropology,
comparative history,
English, The Heller
School, literary studies,
music. Near Eastern and
Judaic Studies,
psychology and
sociology). In the current
graduate program, all
students go on to earn a
Ph.D. in one of these 10
programs. By fall 1993, the
Women's Studies Program
hopes to open a one-year
joint M.A. program with
some of these graduate
programs. (In the graduate
program in formation,
students will complete
their studies with an M.A.)
The Women's Studies
Program offers a $1,000
grant for the best graduate
research project. All
applicants are invited to
present their research at
the Annual Forum for
Graduate Women's
Studies Scholarship.
Women's Studies offers a
Visiting Scholars Program
that allows local and
foreign scholars to affiliate
with the program so that
they may be part of the
congenial environment
while they do their
research. Visiting
Scholars are not funded
but receive library
privileges and limited
office space. Each Visiting
Scholar is a full-fledged
member of the Women's
Studies Program
Community and is
engaged in program
development activities.
Examples include the
Women and Human Rights
Lecture Series, the poetry
readings series, the
research on student
attitudes to feminism and
a working-papers series
for the Brandeis Women's
Studies Program.
In spring 1992 the National
Board for Women's
Studies at Brandeis was
created: 31 men and
women board members
serve three-year
renewable terms. They
meet regularly to advise
the director, raise funds to
support the program and
find ways to involve other
constituencies in
Women's Studies
activities.
Contributors to the
Women's Studies Program
Endowment Fund help to
support a continuous
stream of lectures,
exhibits, symposia and
conferences, open to the
public. (This year's
conference — March 1 3-
15 — will be devoted to the
representation of
American Jewish women
in the media, history and
journalism.) Many feminist
alumnae and profeminist
alumni are contributing to
the fund so that the
current generation of
students can continue the
work begun earlier. For
example, artist Evi
Sheffres '55 is creating a
set of original prints,
signed and numbered, for
generous friends of the
Program.
15 Winter 1993
euoin's Children
The Color Bar:
Experiences of Segregation
James Roberson
Roberson was active in tine civil rights
movement from age 10.
"The green sign on the Birmingham city
buses was one of the most powerful
pieces of wood in the city. It was about
the size of a shoe box and fit into the
holes on the back of the bus seats. On
one side of the board it said, 'Colored,
do not sit beyond this board.' The bus
driver had the authority to move that
green board in any direction he wanted
to at any time... .A seventy-year-old
black person might have to move for a
six-year-old white child.
"A group of us formed a little club
called the Eagles. When we would get
on the buses, I would take the green
sign and move it up or throw it away....
"Sometimes we would defy the green
board. We would sit right behind the
bus driver. You really had to imagine
the driver as a cobra snake or a vicious
dog, and you're treading on his
territory. You know that if you move
close to him, he's going to strike you.
The driver would say, 'All right, you
niggers got to get up.'
"We'd say, 'You talking to us?' There
were guys who were like conductors
and drove plain black cars. The bus
driver would get off and call one of
those guys. He would come on and
say, 'Get off or we're gonna call the
law.'
"'So call them,' we said. When he'd go
to call, we'd get off the bus and
disappear."
Jacket photograph from Freedom's
Children: Young Civil Rights Workers Tell
Their Own Stories of Euvester Simpson,
teenage SNCC worl<er during Mississippi
Summer, 1964. courtesy Euvester Simpson
The Montgomery Bus
Boycott and the Beginning of
the Movement
Different Classrooms:
Segregation and Integration
in the Schools
Claudette Colvin
Colvin was 15 years old in 1955. On
her own she defied the segregation
laws on the Montgomery city buses
when she refused to give up her seat to
a white person. In this defiance, she
preceded Rosa Parks.
"On March 2. 1955, I got on the bus in
front of Dexter Avenue Church. I went
to the middle....! wasn't thinking about
anything in particular. ...Then the bus
began to fill up. White people got on
and began to stare at me. The bus
motorman asked me to get up....A
colored lady got on, and she was
pregnant. ...The seat next to me was
the only seat unoccupied. She didn't
realize what was going on. She didn't
know that the bus driver had asked me
to get up. She just saw the empty seat
and sat next to me. A white lady was
sitting across the aisle from me, and It
was against the law for you to sit In the
same aisle with a white person....
"[The bus driver] said, 'Hey, get up!' I
didn't say anything. When I didn't get
up, he didn't move the bus. He said
before he'd drive on. Id have to get up.
People were saying, 'Why don't you get
up?', ..One girl said. She knows she
has to get up.' Then another girl said,
'She doesn't have to. Only one thing
you have to do Is stay black and die.'...
"I remained there, and the traffic
patrolman said. Aren't you going to get
up?' I said. 'No. I do not have to get up.
I paid my fare, so I do not have to get
up. It's my constitutional right to sit
here just as much as that lady. ...When
[the police] got on the bus...l kept
saying, 'He has no hght...thls Is my
constitutional right. ..you have no right
to do this!'...
"The police knocked my books down.
One took one wrist, the other grabbed
the other, and they were pulling me off
the bus, just like you see on the TV
now, I was really struggling. They put
me In the car. Somebody must have
said they didn't have handcuffs on me
and I might run away, so they put
handcuffs on me. And then they took
me to City Hall."
In 1954, in a case called Brown v.
Board of Education of Topeka, the
United States Supreme Court ruled that
separating the races In schools
deprives Negro children of equal
educational opportunities. "Separate
educational facilities are inherently
unequal." Chief Justice Warren wrote.
In addition, he said, school segregation
creates In minority children "a feeling of
inferiority as to their status in the
community that may affect their hearts
and minds in a way unlikely ever to be
undone. " The Court declared school
segregation laws unconstitutional.
Pat Shuttlesworth
In 1957, with her younger sister, Ricky,
Pat Shuttlesworth tned to enroll In the
largest all-white high school In
Birmingham. Here she tells of the first
day of school.
"The car pulled up, and there were
mobs of people saying, 'Niggers go
home'' and shouting obscenities. All
these vicious-looking people saying
things you hadn't heard before out
loud. It didn't make sense to me to get
out of the car with all those people
surrounding us. But Daddy was going
to try to do it anyway.
"They started to attack him. Then my
mother got out because he was being
attacked, and that's when she got
stabbed In the hip. She was trying to
tell us to stay In the car, but we didn't
want to hear.. ..Even though he had
been beaten, Daddy had enough
strength to work his way around and
get back in the car. We sped off. Ricky
got her foot slammed in the door. I
never got out at all. At the hospital
when we saw there was blood, we
knew my mother had been stabbed.
The hardest part was when my father
was on that stretcher in the hospital,
and he was telling us to be brave and
that you have to forgive people."
Although the Supreme Court had ruled
In the Brown school case that
segregation In public schools was
unconstitutional, many communities
ignored the ruling. Supporters of
integration then had to go to court to
sue Individual school systems that
were segregated. In Arkansas, as in
other southern communities, the
National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP), which had originally brought
the Brown case, began to plan for
school integration. Daisy Bates, who
with her husband published the black
newspaper, the Arkansas State Press.
in Little Rock, was the president of the
Arkansas NAACP.
In the sphng of 1957, the Little Rock
school board finally agreed to
desegregate grades 10 through 12 at
Central High School, an all-white
school.
For the first three weeks of the school
term. Governor Orval Faubus ordered
the Arkansas National Guard to
surround Central High to keep the
black students out. Finally, a federal
court judge ordered Faubus to remove
Claudette Colvin
sliown here about a
year and a half
before her arrest for
refusing to give up
her seat to a white
person
the troops. The students were quietly
brought Into the school through a side
door, while a riotous mob attacked
black and white journalists nearby.
Ernest Green
Green was one of the Little Rock Nine.
He was the only senior In the group,
"Some time before school started, we
learned there were limits on what black
students were going to be allowed to
do. You knew that you weren't going to
play football, be In the band or the
class play, go to the prom. I had been
in the school band for five years from
seventh grade through 1 1th. Tenor
sax. But this was an important enough
breakthrough that all of these
other activities, well, you could give
them up....
17 Winter 1993
"I never expected it to be life-
threatening, which it was initially. I
didn't have any real sense of how
dangerous it could have been until we
got home. We were in this huge school.
I didn't hear any of the mob outside.
When we were whisked out of school
back to our homes, we sat there and
watched it on TV. This is real, I
thought. This is no day at the beach....
"The next day we were picked up by
the army at our individual houses and
taken to Mrs. Bates's house, which was
our gathering spot. From there we got
into a station wagon. It was a convoy.
They had a jeep in front, a jeep behind,
and armed soldiers in each of them. I
think there were machine-gun mounts
on the back of the jeeps....
"Every day the troops would bring us to
the school. Initially we each had a
paratrooper who would wait outside the
classroom to escort us to the next
class, so that we were never alone....
"The officers had sidearms in the
school. The first day or so they had
rifles inside the school. When Governor
Faubus said Arkansas was occupied,
that was true....
"When the segregationists realized that
we weren't leaving, they started coming
back. And when they came back, all
hell started breaking loose. From
around Thanksgiving until about March
or April, it really was like having to fight
hand-to-hand combat. It was trench
warfare.
"As they withdrew the troops from
inside the corridors, you were
subjected to all kinds of taunts,
someone attempting to trip you, pour
ink on you, in some other way ruin your
clothing, and at worst, someone
physically attacking you....We got calls
at all times of the night— people saying
they were going to have acid in the
water guns and they were going to
squirt it in our faces....
"You'd be crazy not to have fear. You
kept fear in the back of your mind at all
times, a fear that somebody was going
to come over and physically harm you,
and that nobody would come to your
rescue. But we had to be nonviolent.
Our nonviolence was an act of logic.
We were nine students out of a couple
of thousand....
"I decided after the segregationists
started coming back that I was going to
make it through that year. Short of
being shot, I could outlast anything
they could give. I think it was a
combination of the family support at
home and the relationship that grew
between the nine of us....
'it's the irony of my class that no matter
what any of the others did that
[graduation] night, they were all going
to be overshadowed by one event— my
graduation.. ..We sat in these seats,
and I had a space on both sides
because nobody wanted to sit next to
me. To get your diploma, you had to
walk up a set of steps, across a
platform, and back down. ..There was
applause for every student. When they
called my name, there were a few
claps in the audience, probably from
my family. Mostly there was this
silence. It was eerie, quiet....! think the
Many have asked me how I
found people to interview
from the civil rights
movement. There are
thousands of southern
blacks who were young
and involved in the
struggle during the 1950s
and 1960s, but with a few
exceptions, they aren't
famous.
Demonstrations, boycotts,
marches and other forms
of public protest were a
tangible sign of
Involvement, and so I
began with the major
events from 1955 to
1965 — the Montgomery
Bus Boycott, the Little
Rock school integration
crisis, the Birmingham
protests, Mississippi
Summer, Bloody Sunday
and the Selma Movement.
I called churches,
community groups,
someone's aunt or cousin,
anyone or any group I
could find, searching for
names of people who were
children or teenagers
during the movement
days. And in the way of
these things, one person
then led to another. And
that's how I found most of
the people to interview.
Ellen Levine
fact that it was so silent was indicative
of the fact that I had done something.
And really all nine of us had. Even
though I was the one receiving the
diploma, I couldn't have done it without
the support of the others."
Sit-ins, Freedom Rides and
Other Protests
After the bus boycott in Montgomery,
many of the early civil rights protests
took place in Birmingham under the
courageous leadership of activist
Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth. When
Alabama state officials banned the
NAACP in June 1956, Reverend
Shuttlesworth organized the Alabama
Christian Movement for Human Rights
(ACMHR). The ACMHR sponsored
many events to integrate city facilities.
Segregationist reaction was violent....
Although these demonstrations had
been taking place in Birmingham, the
civil rights movement as a whole did
not become widespread and receive
extensive national attention until the
full-scale student sit-ins began in 1960.
On February 1 , four black college
freshmen in Greensboro, North
Carolina, went to a local Woolworth's
store and bought some supplies. But
when they sat down at the "white"
lunch counter, they were told they
wouldn't be served. If their money was
"good enough" to pay for supplies, they
argued, it should be accepted for food
as well. They remained seated at the
counter until closing time, never having
been served.
News of their protest action spread
rapidly to other schools. Within weeks,
students were sitting-in at lunch
counters in cities throughout the South.
Encouraged and inspired by Southern
Christian Leadership Conference
(SCLC) worker Ella Baker, on Easter
weekend in 1960 more than a hundred
students formed a student organization
to coordinate the sit-ins and other civil
hghts activities. It was called the
Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC).
The demonstrations expanded beyond
lunch counter sit-ins. Protesters had
wade-ins at segregated pools, kneel-
ins at all-white churches, sit-ins at
segregated movie theaters— protests at
most every kind of public place.
IBBrandeis Review
Frances Foster
Foster was involved in the early
Birmingham protest actions of the
1 950s as well as the demonstrations in
the 1960s.
"I remember my first demonstration. It
was eight days after my 14th
birthday... -Everybody chose the store
that they wanted to go to. There were
possibly a dozen of us. Before we
went, we had prayer, and that gave us
confidence.. ..I went to Pitzitz with my
partner. I bought books. After I made
the purchase, I went to the
luncheonette on the mezzanine and sat
down. There was a young black lady
working there. She was afraid to come
over to the table because she didn't
want to lose her job. or do anything
detrimental to herself. Or perhaps she
thought something would happen to
"A white lady came over and said,
'What are you doing up here? You
know you can't eat up here.' I said.
'Why can't I? I made a purchase here
in the store and they accepted my
money for that. I'd like to order,
She repeated. You have to go...' I said,
'I'm not leaving until I'm served.' and so
I sat there. ...A few minutes later
television cameras and the Birmingham
police came. ...The policeman said.
"You know ain't no niggers allowed to
eat up here.' The cameras were right
there, so I politely came down the
steps like the young lady I was at that
time.
1 wasn't afraid at all. I was very happy
that day because I felt like I was
gaining something. I felt I had done
something for myself and my race. I
knew it would be televised, so my
purpose was fulfilled. We went there to
show the world what they were doing to
us here in Birmingham.
"Downstairs they had cars waiting for
us. [Police Commissioner] Bull Connor
was there. When I got down, there
were about six people in the car
already. He told me to get in. I said.
That car is too crowded, I can't get in
the car and wrinkle up my dress.' It was
my new dress.
"He said, 'Heifer, if you don't get in this
car, I'll take this gun and hit you upside
your head.'
The first freedom bus
being attacl<ed and
burned outside
Anniston, Alabama,
on May 14. 1961 (top)
In Jackson.
Mississippi, a luncti
counter sit-in on May
28. 1964. touc^iedoff
mass demonstrations
(bottom)
"I said, Tm not a heifer and I'm not
going to get in that car. There's no seat
for me to sit down, and I can't wrinkle
up my dress.' Back and forth like that
we went. Finally he made somebody sit
on somebody else's lap, and I got in.
"They took us straight to juvenile. In jail
they let us watch it on television. I was
so proud of what I had done. I knew
that one day segregation had to go
away."
The Children's Crusade
In April and May 1963, thousands of
civil rights demonstrators in
Birmingham, Alabama, were attacked
by police officers under orders from
Police Commissioner Eugene "Bull"
Connor. Many children and adults were
injured. Young blacks were jailed by
the thousands. So many young people
were arrested that these events
became known as the Children's
Crusade.
19 Winter 1993
Audrey Faye Hicks
shown here at nine
years old. the age
of her arrest
Audrey Faye Hendricks
Hendricks was nine years old when
she became an civil rights activist.
"I remember It being warm the morning
I marched. The night before at a
meeting, they told us we'd be
arrested... .We started from Sixteenth
Street Church. We always sang when
we left the church. The singing was like
a jubilance.. ..And It also gave you
calmness and reassurance.
"We went down a little side street by
Kelly Ingram Park and marched about
half a block. Then the police put us in
paddy wagons, and we went to
Juvenile Hall. There were lots of kids,
but I think I may have been the
youngest child In there. I was nine....
"I was in jail seven days. ...I was in a
room with my fnends. We called
ourselves Freedom Fighters. Freedom
Riders. ...f\/ly parents could not get word
to me for seven days... .At the end of
seven days, they told me my parents
were there to get me. I was real glad.
They were just smiling and hugging
me.... I could tell they were proud of
me."
The Closed Society:
Mississippi and Freedom Summer
Mississippi stood out even among
southern states for its brutal
enforcement of segregation. Almost
half the population of the state was
black, and there were more beatings,
"disappearances" and lynchings than in
any other state in the nation.
Mississippi was a "closed society," as
many called It,
In 1 955 the rest of America woke up
one morning to headlines about a
singularly brutal killing. Emmett Till, a
14-year-old boy from Chicago, had
been visiting relatives in Mississippi
when he was tortured and murdered for
allegedly talking "Improperly" to a white
woman. In a segregated Mississippi
courthouse, two white men were tried
for the murder and acquitted. Several
months later, they admitted to an
Alabama journalist that they had
Indeed murdered Till,...
Very few blacks in the state were
allowed to vote. Sometimes they were
physically intimidated and threatened
to prevent them from registering. Often
they were kept from registering by
blatantly discnminatory rules.
Applicants, for example, were required
to pass literacy tests and Interpret
obscure sections of the state
constitution. Blacks were almost
always told they had failed the tests:
whites, on the other hand, even if
Illiterate, were routinely registered.
In 1962, the major civil hghts groups.
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE),
SNCC, NAACP and SCLC, formed the
Council of Federated Organizations
(COFO), which began work on a major
voter rights project. As a result of that
effort, more than 80,000 black
MIssisslpplans voted in a special
Freedom Vote election for governor
and lieutenant governor, giving the lie
to the claim that blacks weren't
Interested in electoral politics. Kept out
of regular Democratic Party politics in
the state, civil rights workers formed
the Mississippi Freedom Democratic
Party, which enrolled thousands of
disenfranchised blacks.
One of COFO's most ambitious
projects was Freedom Summer. 1964,
It was a plan to bring nearly a thousand
students, mostly white, to Mississippi to
work on a massive voter registration
drive and other community projects.
The young people set up freedom
schools with classes In black history as
well as regular school subjects.
The summer project, so successful In
Its outreach to Mississippi blacks,
actually began in tragedy with the
disappearance of three civil rights
workers, Michael Schwerner, James
Earl Chaney and Andrew Goodman,
Schwerner and Chaney had gone to
Ohio to train the student volunteers.
Goodman returned with them to
Mississippi. While Investigating the
burning of a black church near
Philadelphia. Mississippi, they were
arrested by Neshoba County police on
June 21,1 964. For the next six weeks
no one could find a trace of them.
Then, after a tip from an Informant, FBI
agents found their bullet-riddled bodies
burled in an earthen dam a few miles
from Philadelphia.
Roy DeBerry
As a teenager. DeBerry became
involved in the civil rights activities of
SNCC. (He later received his B.A. in
1970, his M.A. In 1978 and his Ph.D. In
1979 from Brandels.)
"In my town and a lot of Mississippi
towns, black people and white people
did not socially interact. Yet we were
Interacting with the SNCC workers, and
of course the SNCC workers were
interacting with other local people.
While I didn't have any problem going
to a cafe, or riding in a car with a white
person, I was conscious of what I was
doing, I knew It was not safe, but I
knew it was something that had to be
done.
"I think I was afraid a lot of times.
What's amazing Is that when you are
afraid, you can deal with your fear if
you don't allow it to cripple you. You
deal with it by keeping doing things.
Once you commit yourself to
something, even as a child, and you
think It's nght, then it's much easier to
deal with the fear,"
Bloody Sunday
and the Selma Movement
In 1965 the civil hghts battleground
shifted to Selma, Alabama, a former
slave market town, about 50 miles from
Montgomery, Nearly half the voting-age
population was black, but only one
percent was registered to vote.
In the mid-slxtles SCLC workers began
to organize in Selma, Their goals were
twofold: desegregate stores and other
20 Brandeis Review
Epilogue
public facilities, and register voters.
Young activists from nearby
Montgomery came to help. ...Every day
SCLC organized marches to the
courthouse and to downtown stores,
and every evening television news
covered the mass arrests. When Dr.
King was arrested, he observed that
"there are more Negroes in jail with me
than there are on the voting rolls."
One evening Reverend C.T. Vivian of
SCLC spoke at a mass meeting in
nearby Mahon, Alabama. As the
audience left the church for a nighttime
march, police troopers and a local mob
attacked the crowd. Many people were
wounded, including news reporters.
Twenty-seven-year-old Jimmie Lee
Jackson, a native of Marion, was fatally
shot while trying to protect his mother
from a beating by state troopers.
Reverend James Bevel of SCLC called
for a 50-mile march from Selma to the
capital in Montgomery to protest
Jackson's murder and to demand full
voting hghts for blacks. Alabama
governor George Wallace announced
that state troopers would block the
march. The march organizers did not
back down. On Sunday morning,
March 7, 1965, hundreds left Brown
Chapel, unofficial headquarters of the
Selma movement. They headed for the
Edmund Pettus Bridge, where they
were met by state troopers and local
police. The troopers viciously beat
them in a police not that came to be
known as Bloody Sunday.
After Bloody Sunday, Dr. King made a
national appeal, asking clergy from
around the country to come to Selma to
join a second march. Thousands, not
only clergy, answered the call. As a
result of the Selma demonstrations.
President Johnson urged passage of a
law to protect voting rights, which
Congress passed later that year. The
law suspended literacy tests and other
dischminatory voting rules, and
provided for federal government
oversight of election procedure to
prevent discrimination.
Sheyann Webb
Webb was eight years old when she
became a civil rights activist.
"I remember being afraid on the first
attempt of the Selma-to-Montgomery
march,,,,! remember very well my mom
and dad trying to ensure that I was in
the house. I slipped out the back door
and I ran down.... I remember not
wanting to get close to the front of the
line because I was afraid....
"We were still on the Edmund Pettus
Bndge. Going up, you can't see what's
at the bottom on the other side. But I
had gotten up to the top. which is
midway on the bndge, and you could
see down. The big picture that I saw
frightened me more. When we were
asked to kneel down and pray, I knelt
down with everybody. Shortly after we
got up, a burst of tear gas began. I
could see the troopers and policemen
swinging their billy clubs. People began
to run, and dogs and horses began to
trample them,...And I began to run....
"You began to hear sirens. You could
still see the dogs and horses trampling
people, who were running all the way
back from the Edmund Pettus Bridge to
Brown Chapel Church. When I made
my way back home. I saw my mother
and father and even my sisters and
brothers there....
"I was still determined to go back out to
Brown Chapel Church, but my parents
wouldn't let me... I remember taking a
pencil and writing down how I felt and
what I saw. Then I wrote down my
funeral arrangements because even
with what I saw, I still wanted to go out
and fight. And I said if I did that, I would
probably die. So I wrote my funeral
arrangements."
Arlam Carr
Carr was a high school senior at the
time of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s
assassination.
'The day Martin Luther King was killed,
I didn't see the flag at half-staff at
school. I walked into the auditorium
and in anger threw my books down.
Then I walked to the principals office
and I said. Why isn't the flag at half-
staff?' He said that flag-raising was the
responsibility of the ROTC program. So
I turned right around and walked down
the hall to the ROTC room.
"Normally when you wanted to see the
major, you had to say, 'Sergeant Carr
requests permission to see Major such
and such.' I just walked past the
sergeant, right into the major's office. I
said. 'Why is the flag at full-staff It's
supposed to be flown at half-staff. The
president of the United States said all
flags are supposed to be flown at half-
staff.'
"He said, 'Okay, Arlam, we will get it
taken care of.' I walked out front and
waited with this other guy who was also
a senior. I had made up my mind that if
it was not at half-staff by the time the
first bell rang, we were going to take it
completely down.
"I felt that they weren't giving Dr. King
the respect that he was due. Hey, you
know, here in Montgomery, Alabama,
is where he started. This is the place
where every flag should have been at
half-staff without having to be asked.
Oh, I was very angry!" ■
After graduating from
Brandels, Ellen Levine
received her master's
degree In political science
from tfie University of
Cfilcago, and did further
graduate work at the
University of California at
Beri<eley. She has worked
over the years on film and
television documentaries for
CBS, public television and
Consumers' Union. She
coauthored Rebirth of
Feminism, a history and
analysis of the contemporary
women's movement, and
Radical Feminism, an
anthology of feminist
writings. She earned a J. D.
from New York University
School of Law and practiced
public Interest law. She Is
currently writing books,
primarily for young people,
about the social and political
subjects that Interest her
21 Winter 1993
Notre grand et glorieux chef-
d'oeuvre c'est vivre a
propos.
(Our great and glorious
masterpiece is to live
appropriately.)
from L'Essay de I'experience
by Michel de Montaigne
The 16th-century
philosopher Michel de
Montaigne, a towering
intellect of the French
Renaissance, might have
been preaching down the
centuries to people like
Evelyn Fox Keller, if by
"living a propos" he meant
enjoying the life of the mind
to the fullest. A trenchant
Evelyn Fox Keller '57
Reflects on
Gender and Science
by Brenda Marder
thinker. Fox Keller is well
known in scientific and
feminist circles. She entered
full tilt into the arguments of
gender ideology with her
book. Reflections on Gender
and Science, in 1985. But
even before that her voice
had a compelling resonance
in communities where the
uses and practice of science
are pondered. And because
the social and political
atmosphere in the United
States in the last decade
has been suffused with the
issue of gender, her ideas
resound far beyond specific
communities.
While she has always lived a
propos. hers has not been a
life free from conflict. Her
search for knowledge led
her into theoretical physics
while still at Brandeis, but in
graduate school, she had to
confront a world of male
physicists who were
suspicious of and hostile to
the few women who sought,
as she did, to enter their
world. In an essay published
years after the fact in 1977,
she finally brought herself to
write about the ordeal: "...I
was becoming the subject—
or object— of a good deal of
attention in the Physics
Department. My
seriousness, intensity, and
ambition seemed to cause
my elders considerable
amusement, and a certain
amount of curiosity as well. I
was watched constantly, and
occasionally addressed.
Sometimes I was queried
about my peculiar ambition
to be a theoretical
physicist — didn't I know that
no woman at Harvard had
ever so succeeded (at least
in becoming a pure
theoretical physicist)? When
would I too despair, fail or go
elsewhere (the equivalent of
failing)? The possibility that I
might succeed seemed a
source of titillation; I was
leered at by some, invited
now and then to a faculty
party by others. The open
and unbelievably rude
laughter with which I was
often received at such
events was only one of
many indications that I was
on display— for purposes I
could either not perceive or
not believe."
A long time ago, she
transformed her anger into
creative energy, producing
some brilliant analysis on
the nature of science, how
we think and talk about it,
and the role it plays in our
lives. Yet, much of her
mature thought on the social
forces of science had its
birth in those formative
years, when she grappled
with becoming a female
scientist.
From day one in graduate
school she was struck by the
fact that few scientists were
women. Later as she began
the practice of science in the
field of mathematical
biology, she noted that the
very language of science, its
metaphors, its vocabulary,
mirrored male values: she
wondered if these two
observations could be
linked. She concluded that
the language of science held
many clues to the pursuit of
science and its inherent
Evelyn Fox Keller received her B.A, magna cum laude, from
Brandeis. her M.A. from Radcliffe College and her Ph.D. In
physics from Harvard University. Last fall she accepted a
professorship at l\/lassachusetts Institute of Technology In
the Program in Science, Technology and Society.
Previously, she had been a professor in the Departments of
Rhetoric and Women's Studies and an affiliate to the
Program in the History of Science at the University of
California. Berkeley, and a professor of mathematics and
humanities at Northeastern University.
social values. Thus an
analysis of its language
became and remains one of
hier chief preoccupations.
Fox Keller's line of
reasoning is laid out in
Reflections on Gender and
Science, a collection of nine
of her published essays, one
of which was started in 1 977
and the last one at the close
of 1983. In the introduction
she starts by examining the
"deeply rooted popular
mythology that casts
objectivity, reason, and mind
as male and subjectivity,
feeling, and nature as
female." She elaborated on
this mythology in a 1991
interview with Bill f\/loyers.
"...scientists had a particular
commitment to the notion
that there was something
special about what they
were doing.. ..In the most
general sense, science
meant 'thinking like a man.'
It was committed to an idea
of objectivity that was from
the beginning equated with
masculinity in a very curious
way," she told him.
That equation, she claimed,
launched her on her inquiry.
"I wanted to understand
what it meant to say
"The possibility that
I might succeed seemed a
source of titillation;
I was leered at by some,
invited now and then to a
faculty party by others."
'thinking objectively' is
'thinking like a man."' She
questioned where that idea
came from and what
consequences it had for
science. Scientists, as early
as the 1 7th century, she
learned, "were trying to
articulate a form of
knowledge and the rules by
which you could demarcate
correct from incorrect modes
of knowing. "
She was struck by a
corollary that "They were
also demarcating who
should be engaged in this
pursuit and who should not.
But It wasn't just the
demarcation of men from
women. ...It was much more
the demarcation of values.
They invoked the language
of gender in order to justify
the exclusion of a certain
domain of human activity,
particularly the exclusion of
feeling and emotion, from
the pursuit of science," she
said in the interview with
IVloyers.
As scientists sought to
banish passion and
engagement, they
simultaneously sought to bar
those individuals who, they
believed, represented these
impure domains, namely
women. Fox Keller claims
that this mode of thinking,
voiced in the 17th century,
has persisted to our own
She focuses on Francis
Bacon, a founding father of
modern science, who she
says, "first and most
vividly" introduced the
language of gender at the
dawn of the modern
scientific era. When Bacon
writes about "binding
Nature to mans service"
and "making her his slave,"
even people deaf to the
nuance of language must
grasp his sexual imagery.
To exhibit the persistence
of gendered metaphors
into contemporary times,
she quotes from C.P.
Snow's short story, "The
IVIasters," where he
describes a young scientist
who has just made a
discovery. "It's wonderful,"
he bursts out, "when
you've got a problem that
is really coming out. It's
like making love. Suddenly
your unconscious takes
control and nothing can
stop you. You know you're
making old fVlother Nature
sit up and beg, and you
say to her I've got you, you
old bitch. You've got her
just where you want her."
Such language betrayed a
thirst for power on the part
of scientists, a value that
Fox Keller suspected very
early in her career would
distort the pursuit of
science. Over time she
became convinced that this
hegemonic attitude runs
altogether counter to the
interest of good science.
As Fox Keller probed these
matters of language in
Reflections on Gender and
Science, she insisted that
they ""were not just
ornamental images on the
surface of scientific rhetoric;
they were deeply embedded
in the structure of scientific
ideology, with recognizable
implications for practice." At
the end of her book, she
presses on this last point:
how the practice of science
IS influenced by being
embedded in a gendered
discourse, and relatedly,
how it might be different if
the language of science
were not so gendered. To
put it most bluntly, she was
looking for ways to
overthrow this inherited
system of values and to
change radically the way
society practices science.
Fox Keller was writing A
Feeling for the Organism:
The Life and Work of
Barbara f^cClintock at the
same time that she was
composing the essays that
make up Reflections. This
parallel endeavor afforded
her a chance to observe
science as practiced by
geneticist Barbara
IVIcClintock (1902-1992), a
person whose spirit soared
beyond the boundaries of
conventional ideology. Yet,
Fox Keller writes, "Despite
the ungrudging respect and
admiration of her
colleagues, her most
important work has, until
recently, gone largely
unappreciated,
uncomprehended and
She is the recipient of numerous awards, grants and
fellowships, among them an honorary degree from Mt.
Holyoke College, an American Association of University
Women Achievement Award and the 1986 Distinguished
Publication Award from the Association for Women in
Psychology. She was a member of the Institute for
Advanced Studies at Princeton and a Senior Fellow at the
Society for the Humanities at Cornell University. Most
recently, she received a Brandeis Alumni Achievement
Award in 1991, a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur
Foundation Award for 1992 and an honorary degree from the
University of Amsterdam.
A scientist by training. Keller has devoted much of her
professional life to exposing both the gender discrimination
women in science face and the effect of gender on the study
of science, and has written extensively on these issues. Her
books include Reflections on Gender and Science, A Feeling
for the Organism: The Life and Work of Barbara IVIcClintock
and Secrets of Life, Secrets of Death, (forthcoming).
23 Winter 1993
almost entirely
unintegrated into the
growing corpus of
biological thought." This
work, which began in the
mid-l 940s, and for which
McClintock received the
Nobel Prize in 1983, was
the discovery that genetic
elements can move from
one chromosomal site to
another, an activity called
genetic transposition.
What interested Fox Keller
was that McClintock is
regarded as "an outsider to
the world of modern
biology — not because she
was a woman but because
she was a philosophical
and methodological
deviant," a mavenck who
actually possessed a
feeling for, an identification
with, the organism.
McClintock's attitude
toward science departed
radically from received
wisdom. McClintock
believed that scientific
method alone, in her
words, cannot give us "real
understanding. It gives us
relationships which are
useful, valid, and
technically marvelous;
however, they are not the
truth."
McClintock's introduction
of intuition and personal
engagement into the
pursuit of science (the so-
called feminine sensibility)
strikes scientists steeped
in the Baconian tradition as
an outright absurdity. But it
hit Fox Keller as being just
right: McClintock was a
kindred spiht.
Fox Keller, to be sure, does
not suggest that empathy
and engagement are
actually female attributes —
only that they have
traditionally been seen as
such. And her point is that
they have been excluded
from science simply
because they were regarded
as feminine attributes. On
this score, she complains
that many people miss the
meaning of her books. "My
books are read by people,
especially scientists, as a
claim about how women
scientists practice science. It
isn't at all. My subject is
gender ideology and the
effect it has on the practice
of science."
Although more than 10
years have passed since
philosophers have been
writing about the problem of
gender in science, still she
claims, "working scientists
do not think that social
context has anything to do
with scientific truth, never
mind gender. They don't
think wars have anything to
do with it; they don't think
money has anything to do
with it. Scientific ideology
holds a belief in the
autonomy of science, the
purity of science and the
objectivity of the enterprise:
these are cartoon notions.
Anybody who challenges
these myths is in trouble."
For Fox Keller and her ilk,
the most important question
is just this: how research
agendas get shifted by
social and political factors.
Gender, in this broader
discourse, she believes, is
just one of the variables.
Last sphng, to encourage
her work as an historian and
philosopher of science, she
received a coveted "genius"
award from the prestigious
John D, and Cathehne T,
MacArthur Foundation for
$335,000. As is the custom,
the foundation gives these
awards with no strings
attached, and no work
required. She has not yet
decided how she will use the
money but some of it, she
says, she wants to use to
help other interdisciplinary
scholars like herself.
Fox Keller moved to the
Boston area last semester
from Berkeley to join the
faculty at MIT, where the
Brandels Rewew visited her
just as her new appointment
began. In her book-
crammed office she pointed
to a set of three or four
yellowed notebooks lined up
on a shelf. "See these spiral
notebooks? Those are from
the my junior year at
Brandeis when I took what
was practically my first
physics course, with Sam
Schweber. The course was
way over my head — I
remember using Page's
As scientists souglit
to banish passion and
engagement, they
simultaneously sought to
bar those individuals who,
they believed, represented
these impure domains,
namely women.
Theoretical Physics as a
reference. The book was
really for graduate students
and much of it was Greek to
me. But in the end, looking
back I realized I had learned
an awful lot. Later, the next
summer, I met with
Schweber once a week and
he taught me complex
variables and started me on
Feynman's Lagrangian
formulation of quantum
mechanics."
In an article she wrote many
years later, she recalled
falling "in love,
simultaneously and
inextricably with my
professors, with a discipline
of pure, precise, definitive
thought, and with what I
conceived of as its
ambitions. I fell in love with
the life of the mind."
Professor Sam Schweber,
professor of physics and
Richard Koret Professor in
the History of Ideas, who in
the late 1970s switched his
career from the practice of
physics to the history of
science, as has Fox Keller,
has kept in touch with his
former student. He
deschbes her as one of
Brandeis's stellar products,
recalling that "her senior
thesis on a topic in
Former mentor Sam Sctiweber Barbara McClintock receiving
professor of physics and
Richard Koret Professor in the
History of Ideas, in Fox Keller's
office at MIT
24 Brandeis Review
the Nobel Prize. 1983
(near right) Barbara McClintock
at her parents ' home.
Brooklyn. New York.
in the early 1920s (far right)
theoretical physics was
clearly publishable. "
Schweber assumes that she
received recognition from
the MacArthur Foundation
"because of her special
sensitivity toward the subject
of science, plus her
enormous range of technical
skills — competence in
physics, theoretical physics,
molecular biology, biology,
mathematical biophysics."
Already when she was an
undergraduate, the Brandeis
science faculty recognized
that she would one day gain
this extraordinary
competence in these areas,
noted Schweber.
When asked why she thinks
she received the award. Fox
Keller explains. "I had been
nominated for the award
many times before because
my work is so eclectic: it's
hard to fit me into the
traditional disciplines.
Universities cannot place me
comfortably into any
department, and I have
suffered institutionally from
that problem. The MacArthur
Awards support people on
the margins between
disciplines and in irregular
positions. And she was a
conspicuous example of
someone doing rather
unconventional work and
assigned an irregular
position.
Certainly. Fox Keller cannot
be pigeon-holed, although
she defines herself now as
an historian and philosopher
of science, "I am not doing
technical work any more,
working on mathematical
models tor instance. But
even when I was doing more
technical work, I was always
interested in the
philosophical implications. I
am still often tempted to
intervene in technical
debates, but from the
philosophical end." Because
of the spread of her
interests, the scientific world
often reacts intolerantly to
her. 'Make up your mind."
people nag. "Are you a
scientist or aren't you?"
At MIT she is assigned to
the innovative Program in
Science. Technology and
Society. Being at MIT is
probably the best place for
her at this time. She is
aware that as she focuses
more and more on the
philosophy of science
instead of doing science, a
gap could be created.
However, being at MIT
means she is surrounded by
science and people like her
with diverse interests. "I
intend to prevent that gap by
coteaching courses (such as
the history of developmental
biology) with practicing
scientists. Such
opportunities are unlimited
here. " she said.
When Fox Keller adds up
the breakthroughs in
understanding and sets
them against the ingrained
habits of mind that have
persisted for centuries, she
sees some reason for hope.
At the same time, she
recognizes, change does not
come overnight. On the
positive side more women
are working as scientists
than even a decade ago.
Also, people now involved in
the history and philosophy of
science agree almost
universally that language is
an issue. "The landscape in
the academy has
transformed: the course of
feminist scholarship has had
such a dramatic effect that
philosophers can no longer
pretend that gender is not an
issue." On the other hand,
she has had to scrap her
early conviction that once
gender ideology was
Because of the spread of
her interests, the scientific
world often reacts
intolerantly to her. "Make
up your mind, " people
nag. 'Are you a scientist
or aren't you?"
exposed for what it is. a new
approach to science would
emerge: it has not. She
admits that habits so deeply
embedded in the culture of
science cannot be revamped
simply by altenng language.
In the conclusion of
Reflections. Fox Keller sums
up her general philosophy.
■A healthy science is one
that allows for the productive
survival of diverse
conceptions of mind and
nature, and correspondingly
diverse strategies. In my
vision of science, it is not the
laming of nature that is
sought, but the taming of
hegemony."
Not one to be beaten back,
she will continue to advocate
vigorously for a gender-free
and more diversified
science. It will be interesting
to see when and to what
degree she and her
colleagues are able to affect
the course of science. For in
our technological and
scientific age. voices that
can influence the making of
science can chart, in part,
the path of our destiny. ■
Louis D. Brandeis's
"Mind of One Piece"
by Morton Keller
Membership in
organizations...defined
and shaped
[Brandeis's] career
as a reformer. He
was deeply
committed to work
within and through,
not against, the
society's primary
institutions.
Louis D. Brandeis took center stage in an
extraordinary range of the major public issues
of his time, stretching from the right of
privacy and civil liberties to business
regulation, the condition of labor and
Zionism. Both in what he did and what he
stood for, he is one of the more significant
Americans of this century, indeed, one of the
very few to have a university named after
him.
Paul Freund, a law clerk for Brandeis who
went on to become a legal scholar, once said
that Brandeis's was "a mind of one piece." We
may judge the truth of this observation by
looking at Brandeis in the context of an
American reform tradition that stretches well
before and after him. In particular, he merits
comparison with two others whom he
resembles — and differs from — in revealing
26 Brandeis Review
ways: Wendell Phillips, the great antislavery
ami (in the later years of his life) prolahor
advocate of the late 19th century, and, in our
own time, Ralph Nader, the scourge of
America's corporate, political, governmental
and educational institutions.
All were lawyers — indeed, Harvard Law
School graduates — and all found the
customary practice of the law constricting
and unsatisfying. The reformist impulse in
each was stoked by the sense that large,
vested interests oppressed the people. To a
striking degree the three men shared the same
social vision of a society of individuals freed
from the shackles and constraints of social,
economic and political institutions. Wendell
Philhps's belief that "the difficulty of the
present day. ..is, we are bullied by
institutions" was echoed by Brandeis's
persistent and powerful distaste for big
business, and by Nader's messianic battles
against organizations ranging from General
Motors to the Educational Testing Service.
When Nader committed himself to the
development of "noninstitutional sources of
power," he was echoing in his particular way
a reform tradition that may be traced through
Tom Paine, Thomas Jefferson and Henry
David Thoreau, one to which both Phillips
and Brandeis in part belonged.
All three of them had a passion for facts.
Phillips assiduously gathered data on the evil
of slavery and then on the conditions of
industrial workers. Brandeis was one of the
most dedicated fact gatherers of his
information-obsessed time. "To Nader," says
a biographer, "infomiation is truth." Facts,
they beUeved, would tear the veil of ignorance
and acquiescence from the face of the people.
And each had a genius for turning his
One of the defining
features of that
American reform
impulse was faith
in the capacity of
the reformer,
working through
the major
institutions of
society — politics
and government,
the law, the
media — to effect
real and lasting
change.
27 Winter 1993
knowledge into publicity. Phillips was one of
the most powerful orators of his time;
Brandeis and Nader were brilliant innovators
in the art of casting issues to catch the
attention of the media and thus of the public.
The three had certain personality traits m
common as well. None had much taste for
social status or creature comforts. Phillips
turned away from the Boston Brahmin society
into which he was bom. Brandeis made a
fortune in order to be free to pursue his
causes, gave away much of his wealth, and
had a strong distaste for consumers and
consumption. Nader is notorious for his
rejection of the things of this world. The
fervor of their reformist impulses often made
these men seem remote to their associates, as
though there was some inverse relationship
between the compassion of a sensitive and
effective critic of society and the empathy of a
warm and affective human being.
But Brandeis differed from the others in one
important way. Phillips and Nader stood apart
fiom the public institutions of their time,
choosing to be critics from the outside.
Brandeis had a much more positive,
interactive relationship with those
institutions. Membership in organizations —
he belonged to and was active in scores of
them, stretching from local good government
gioups to the American Zionist movement
and the Supreme Court of the United States —
defined and shaped his career as a reformer.
He was deeply committed to work within and
through, not against, the society's primary
institutions.
In this sense Brandeis was a prototypical
figtire in that great age of reform stretching
from the Progressive movement of the
centuiy's early years through the New Deal
and on into the 1960s. One of the defining
features of that American reform impulse was
faith in the capacity of the reformer, working
through the major institutions of society —
politics and govemment, the law, the media —
to effect real and lasting change.
The Progressives and their progeny of the
New Deal-New Frontier-Great Society are
clearly distinguishable from the more
anarchic, almost nihilistic strain represented
by Phillips in the 19th century and by Nader
in our own time. One reason for this is that
while early 20th-century reformers were very
much aware of the challenges of economic
and social change — it is arguable that
American society changed at least as much
from, say 1891, at the beginning of Brandeis's
public career, to his death in 1941, as in the
half century since — they also had a strong
sense of identification with an American past
(however idealized) that neither Phillips nor
Nader shared.
The Progressives set out as much to restore as
to change American society, and in
consecjuence they were more ready to "work
within the system." Indeed, they saw their
roles as preserving and refurbishing that
"system" and in so doing protect it from
those — party bosses, corporate capitalists and
radicals — who threatened it.
In this sense, Brandeis was a Progressive
reformer throughout his life. But he can be
more precisely defined than that. He belonged
to the wing of Progressivism that subscribed
to a Jeffersonian ideal of a society of small,
free competitors, distrustful of bigness — big
business, big cities, big government — and
constantly seeking ways to sustain and
revitalize that ideal in the face of the
conditions of modem times. These views
moved him ineluctably from his birthright,
antislavery Republicanism, to the pro-
Cleveland, anti-Blaine Mugvaimp
Republicans of 1884, to support for Robert
LaFollette in that Wisconsin senator's ill-fated
try for the 1912 Republican nomination, and
finally in that year to Woodrow Wilson and
the Democrats. Brandeis was strongly opposed
to the more instmmentalist branch of the
Progressive tradition, which was sympathetic
to regulated big business, bureaucratic
govemment programs and in some cases to a
command economy (or, in its current
incarnation, industrial policy). He had little
use for Theodore Roosevelt and his New
Nationalist Progressives, or for the more
statist New Dealers such as Raymond Moley,
Rexford Tugwell and Adolph Berle.
Brandeis's earliest reform activities reflected
the mid- 19th-century German-Jewish liberal
tradition from which he emerged and the
genteel reformism to which he was exposed
during his years at Harvard and in his early
Boston practice. His first substantial impact
on American hfe came when he joined with
his law partner Samuel Warren to publish one
of the most frequently cited law review
articles in American history. "The Right of
Privacy," appearing in the Harvard Law
Review in 1890, sought to define the
character and content of a common law right
to privacy that might justify the award of
damages in tort suits pleading its violation. In
doing so it reflected the socially rather
conservative sentiment of the time that new
technologies of intmsiveness — sensational
journalism, photography, advertising —
violated the right of respectable people "to be
let alone."
Brandeis Review
As often would be the case, Brandeis
expressed a sentiment that had no evident or
immediate pubUc success. But, no less
typically, he raised an issue that had — and
has — substantial emotive power for a people
confronting the intrusions of modern life.
Equally revealing was his involvement with
economic issues in the role of "people's
attorney." His first such venture was an
investigation into lobbying, and its attendant
corruption, m the Massachusetts General
Assembly. He focused in particular on the
way in which legislators used the threat of
regulation to extract bribes and kickbacks
from liquor interests. He did so as a public-
spirited citizen — and as counsel for the Liquor
Dealers Association.
This pattem — taking a stand on a public
issue, but at the same time representing (often
without pay) an involved interest group —
would continue. As counsel for the Public
Franchise League, Brandeis fought to deny
long-term franchise privileges to the Boston
Elevated Railway Company and to secure a
city-built-and-owned subway. The cause was
an appealing, public-spirited one: to expand
mass transit with as little corporate profit as
possible. And once again it claimed the
support of a particular interest: downtown
merchants such as Edward Filene and the
Associated Board of Trade, whose
commitment to low fares to the center city
was both public-spirited and self-interested.
In the same spirit he took on another source
of corporate abuse in the new consumer
economy: the life insurance business. The
New York legislature's Armstrong
Committee and its chief counsel Charles
Evans Hughes came up with spectacular
revelations of the large profits and small
payouts of the major American life insurance
companies. Brandeis was drawn into the fray
as the spokesman for an interested group:
Boston policyholders whom he represented as
(unpaid) counsel of their protective
committee. Typically, he took on the task of
finding some larger solution to the problem of
affordable insurance for the new urban
masses. Relying on his system of massive fact
gathering and analysis and skillful use of
publicity, Brandeis was chiefly responsible for
the enactment of savings bank life insurance
in Massachusetts in 1907. It still stands
today, run by a number of local banks,
dependent on individual choice, with a low-
keyed approach to marketing: a model of how
Brandeis thought the modem American
economy should function. But for those very
reasons it was fated to be marginal in an
economy driven by big business and mass
markets.
Skeptics then and since have pointed out that
Brandeis's general economic outlook — his
hostility to bigness and consolidation, his
commitment to small competitors — was in
suspiciously close accord with the retail
merchants and small manufacturers who
made up a large part of his legal clientele. And
it has been suggested that as a Jew he was
shunned by big business, which impelled him
to both his clients and his outlook. But given
the lifelong consistency of his views, it seems
far more likely that his was a symbiotic
relationship with his mercantile small
manufacturer clients. His beliefs made him a
more effective spokesman for their interests,
and representing them reinforced him in his
beliefs.
It has been suggested as well that Brandeis
never really understood the economic forces
such as technology-fed economies of scale
that made much big business incontestably
more efficient, or the degree to which
attempts to restore an older economic order
could have counterproductive consequences.
The critics' showcase example is the
Interstate Commerce Commission's 1910
hearings on railroad rate increases. Brandeis,
speaking for shippers but also for his belief
that the railroads — the biggest of American
big businesses — could be more efficiently run,
electrified the hearings by declaring that if
they adopted scientific management
techniques, the lines could save a million
dollars a day, more than enough to make up
for the rate increases they sought.
He has been justly taken to task for the
questionable assumptions about railroad
management that lay behind that statement
(to say nothing of the doubtful social utility of
scientific management). But his enthusiasm
for this faddish notion of the Progressive era
was as much ethical — almost aesthetic — as it
was strictly economic. He thought that
scientific management, like conservation, was
a way of using resources more efficiently, and
efficiency was for Brandeis a value of the
spirit as much as of the market.
There were problems too with his long
involvement in the issue of the consequences
for small retailers of price-cutting by chain
stores, department stores and other large
outlets. When the Supreme Court in Miles v.
As often would be
the case, Brandeis
expressed a
sentiment that had
no evident or
immediate public
success. But, no
less typically, he
raised an issue that
had. ..substantial
emotive power for a
people confronting
the intrusions of
modern life.
Brandeis may not
have read modern
America and its
economy just
right. But there
was nothing at all
amiss in the way
in which he lived
his life and used
his talents.
Park (1911) held that resale price
maintenance — a form of price fixing — was
illegal, Brandeis played an active role in the
American Fair Trade League, a pressure group
that sought to overturn the Park decision and
restore price maintenance. He did so because
he thought that it would help small
manufacturers compete against large
integrated firms, and protect them from the
coercion of big mail order and chain
distributors. Later, as a Supreme Court
justice, he looked benignly on the trade
association, that classic instrument of
restrictive business practices.
The consistent character of Brandeis's
economic views — his belief in a competitive
market economy in which small enterprise
might flourish — is evident in his response to
the New Deal. He came to stand for one of
two competing schools of thought that tried
to set the course of FDR's economic policy.
The Brandeis school, including Felix
Frankfurter, sought to restrict the power and
scope of big business by corporate taxation
and other policies, while through a variety of
public works, social welfare and other
Keynesian spurs, it hoped to jump-start the
economy and reduce unemployment. Others,
such as Adolf Berle, Rexford Tugwell,
Raymond Moley and Donald Richberg—
inheritors of the TR-New Nationalism
tradition — were more ready to accept the
permanency of big business and to seek
recovery through price and production
controls.
It is a measure of Brandeis's extraordinary
range that he was as important a figure in the
history of American social as in economic
reform. The Brandeis brief in MuUer v.
Oregon (1908) was a major contribution to the
development of sociological jurisprudence
(although he himself said that it should have
been called simply "What Every Fool
Knows"). In its reliance on the power of facts,
it bears the unmistakable stamp of Brandeis's
reformer style.
It is true that Brandeis's argument for the
Oregon law limiting women's working hours
was hardly steeped in the values of today's
contemporary feminism:
Long hours of labor are dangerous for women
primarily because of their special physical
organization. In structure and function
women are differentiated from men. Besides
these anatomical and physiological
differences, physicians are agreed that
women are fundamentally weaker than men
in all that makes for endurance: in muscular
strength, in nervous energy, in the powers of
persistent attention and application.
But before consigning him to the wasteland of
the politically incorrect, it would be well to
keep in mind the horrific conditions to which
laws such as the Oregon act addressed
themselves. And the bulk of the brief was the
work of his sister-in-law, Josephine
Goldmark.
Brandeis is perhaps best remembered today for
the way in which he and fellow-justice Oliver
Wendell Holmes created modem civil
liberties law. At first they countenanced the
government's World War I constraints on
freedom of speech and of the press. But then
he and Holmes dissented eloquently to the
Court's acceptance of the often bizarre
repressions that came before it during the
1920s.
Again, Brandeis's civil libertarianism should
be seen in its proper historical context. He
believed in free speech for essentially the
same reason that he believed in a market
economy of equal competitors: it was the only
way in which the development of individuals
could be fostered and American democracy
preserved. He was no cultural pluralist or
advocate of group rights in the modern sense.
In 1905 he warned: "Habits of living or of
thought which tend to keep alive differences
of origin or to classify men according to their
religious beliefs are inconsistent with the
American ideal of brotherhood, and are
disloyal."
The importance of Brandeis the reformer
today rests not on the rightness or wrongness
of his views, but on two other grounds. One of
these is the degree to which there is a
continuing place — indeed, a hunger — for the
essentially 19th-century liberal outlook,
supplemented by the Progressive belief in a
cohesive American society and social welfare,
which Brandeis embodied better than anyone
else. Now, at this century's end, when the
imperialism, racism and purblind nationalism
of the Right that so flourished during its first
half, and the command economy and social
manipulativeness of the Left that flourished
in the second half, are in deep and deserved
disrepute, Brandeisian liberalism, market
oriented, sensitive to individual freedoms and
social welfare, committed to "a politics of
personal autonomy and responsibility," has
had a new birth of influence.
The second reason for commemorating him
today is the kind of life he led. The message of
that life is that you can be in and of this
world — training and using your intelligence,
working in and with your community, your
30 Brandeis Review
profession, your nation's major institutions —
without being guilty either of selhng out or
opting out. I do not see that the Gnostic
alternative of the rootless loner so much in
fashion today is better suited to the demands
of a complex modem society, as Ralph
Nader's increasing marginality over the past
couple of decades suggests.
Brandeis may not have read modem America
and its economy just right. But there was
nothmg at all amiss in the way in which he
lived his life and used his talents. And the
school that bears his name — come to think of
it, what more appropriate monument to
Brandeis could there be than a small research
university? — does right by itself and by its
nation when it takes note of the extraordinaiy
accomplishments of this extraordinary man. ■
Morton Keller, Samuel J.
and Augusta Spector
Professor of History,
joined the Brandeis
faculty in 1964. He
received his B.A. from the
University of Rochester,
his M.A. and Ph.D. from
Harvard University, and
was awarded an honorary
M.A. from Oxford
University in 1 980 during
a year there as the
Harmsforth Professor of
American History. Keller
has taught at the
University of North
Carolina, University of
Pennsylvania, Yale and
Harvard.
Keller, who specializes in
the history of American
legal and political
institutions, has written
numerous articles and
several books on these
and related subjects. His
books include In Defense
of Yesterday: James M.
Beck and the Politics of
Conservatism 1861-1936;
The Life Insurance
Enterprise, I885-19I0;
The Art and PoUtics of
Thomas Nast; Affairs of
State: PubUc Life in Late
Nineteenth Century
America; and Regulating a
New Economy: Public
PoHcy and Economic
Change in Early
Twentieth Century
America, I930-I933. He
has several writing
projects in progress,
including Regulating a
New Society: Public
Pohcy and Social Change
in the Early Twentieth
Century and The Pluralist
Policy: Politics, Law,
Government in Early
Twentieth Century
America. Keller is a
coeditor of the
Encyclopedia of the
United States Congress,
which is scheduled
to appear in 1 994,
and is currently working
on a new edition of that
publication.
He is an elected member
of the Massachusetts
Historical Society and the
Society of American
Historians, and since
1 980 has been a fellow to
The American Academy
of Arts and Sciences.
Keller has also received
many honors and awards
for his scholarship
including an NEH
Constitutional Fellowship
and a Guggenheim
Fellowship.
31 Winter 1993
Chelsea
Ralph Martin H 74
Makes His Mark
on Boston
by Brenda Marder
If cities have any chance of revitahzing, the heaUng will
come through people like Ralph Martin II, who bring to
their positions a spirit of social commitment and an
ability to act as agents of change. Republican governor
William F. Weld, whose capital is vexed by some
of the same problems that tore apart Los Angeles last
spring, was responding to social as well as purely
law-enforcement problems last summer when he made
a crucial appointment: he chose Ralph Martin H '74
as district attorney of Suffolk County. The largest urban
D.A. office in New England, it has an annual
budget of $8 million, 217 employees and handles 6,500
cases per year.
The county comprises not only elegant downtown
Boston, but neighborhoods racked by gang
violence, homicide and grinding poverty like Roxbury,
South Boston, Mattapan and Dorchester; and it
stretches to troubled cities like Chelsea and Revere and
Winthrop. The black community, which has only one
elected black citywide office holder to speak for it, was
relieved to see that the governor's short list of five
included not only Martin but also a second eminently
qualified black candidate. With the installation of
Martin on September 1, Massachusetts, which boasts
the oldest (the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial
Court just celebrated its 300th anniversary last year)
and one of the finest legal systems in the country, could
finally claim a black district attorney.
During the selection process starting from late last
winter until the governor's announcement on July 30,
Martin remained front-page news in Boston. In a city
known for its jugular-vein politics, rarely has a potential
appointee under intense public scrutiny received such
consistently benign press, a testament to his character
and to the fact that he has been apolitical.
Bostonians, whose passionate engagement in politics is
legendary, love nothing better than a good political
conundrum: Weld's appointment of Martin offered
them a perfect matter for mmination. The D.A. in
Roxbury
South
Boston
Winthrop
'/
«i.^
«
Mattapan
Suffolk county is an elected position, but when
Democratic stalwart Newman Flanagan, who held the
job since 1979, resigned in the midst of a four-year term,
Weld had the authority to hll the vacancy with an
interim appointment. He seized the opportunity to give
the office over to his own party. As a result, the county,
a Democratic bastion, now has in Ralph Martin 11 its
first Republican D.A. since the 1920s.
It was only in the last few weeks of the selection
process that Weld concluded he wanted a member of
the minority community in the D.A.'s seat. Local
newspapers reported that after attending an event at
Roxbury Community College, an institution serving a
preponderance of minority students. Weld was so
moved by their pride and enthusiasm that he vowed to
appoint a minority to head the D.A.'s office. Wayne
Budd, now the associate U.S. attorney general and the
first black to have served as U.S. attorney in
Boston, recommended Martin to Weld as the best
qualified candidate.
Presumably Weld, up for reelection in 1994, tried his
utmost to choose a D.A. who could win the
forthcoming election. Yet ironically, Martin is totally
inexperienced in politics, having spent his entire
career as an appointed official in the public sector or
lawyering in small firms. To add a dash of spice to the
suspenseful process, when the governor had narrowed
his list to a few finalists, Martin, a top contender,
was politically unaffiliated.
1 Brandeis Review
During an interview with the Brandeis Review in his
office at the Boston law firm of Stem, Shapiro,
Rosenfeld dk Weissberg (name partner Lynn Weissberg,
by the way, is Brandeis Class of 1960) shortly before
Weld announced his selection, Martin mulled over
some tactical options regarding his party affiliation and
how his alignment might play out at election time. "I
will have to make a decision, if the governor gives me
the nod," he said. "If I register as a Democrat, I have to
bank on surviving a competitive primaiy to make it to
the general election. If I become a Republican, I may
avoid a real contest in the primaries, and make it to the
general election and face off against a Democratic
opponent. I think, though, that if I do a really good job
as D.A., I can transcend party lines. People want a good
district attorney, period." The day that Weld "gave him
the nod," Martin declared himself a Republican.
Anyone viewing Martin's choice of affiliation through
the lens of political logic would wonder how he could
have done otherwise and remained Weld's appointee.
Yet the governor, much to the chagrin of many
Republicans, has appointed a number of Democrats to
key positions.
But Martin could have done worse than associate
himself so closely with the governor of Massachusetts.
Weld himself is attracting his share of the national
press, as a rising star who could conceivably become the
Republican choice in the next Presidential election. The
New York Times Magazine, which ran a cover story on
Weld in August, claimed, "...he is striking themes with
generational and national resonance. Fiscal
conservatism and social liberalism seem naturally
married in Weld's mind. If he can make harmony out of
dissonance, the next national candidate from
Massachusetts will be a libertarian Republican."
Although Weld and Martin come from two different
worlds — Weld, the private-school educated scion of a
wealthy, blue-blood family, and Martin, the son of a
single parent police officer who guided him toward a
professional career, and a family who steadied him
through a childhood in the tough Bedford Stuyvesant
section of Brooklyn — they have known and respected
each other for years. In fact, this is not the first time
Martin has served as a Weld appointee. From 1985 to
1992, Martin was an assistant United States attorney
for the District of Massachusetts, having been
appointed by Weld, who in 1985 was United States
attorney. There Martin gained invaluable experience on
the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force and
later with the Major Frauds Unit.
While in that office, Martin drew the ire of some
members of the local police force because of his role as
the lead prosecutor who examined allegations of police
misconduct in the 1989 Stuart case, where a black man
had been wrongfully pursued as the suspected murderer
of Carol Stuart. Then-U.S. attorney Wayne Budd
decided not to prosecute officers for violating federal
civil rights laws, after finding substantial evidence of
serious misconduct but not enough hard evidence to
win a court case against them. Martin, according to the
Boston Globe, claimed that the decision was "the
biggest disappointment of his career."
Martin int^tui snakes hands
with his predecessor,
Newman Flanagan, at his
swearing-in. while his wife,
Deborah Scott, looks on
Fiis reaction gained him the enmity of more than a few
police officers, a factor that he will have to overcome,
since his success as D.A. depends in large measure on
cooperation with the police department. But on the
other hand, his stance earned him respect within the
black community: some of its members were the
alleged victims of the civil rights abuses and had come
to feel alienated from and hostile toward the justice
system not only because of their treatment during the
time of the Stuart case, but for other injustices.
Although one agency or one person alone can hardly
improve the lives of citizens, Martin insists that as D.A.
of Suffolk County he will be in a position to exert
influence on the larger society. During that interview
with the Review last summer, Martin sat in a crisp
shirt and slightly loosened tie. His manner was
professional; he exuded composure. Cool might be the
best adjective to describe him. In spite of the
demanding pace in his practice at Stem, Shapiro, he
conversed easily and leisurely, happy to talk with me,
his visitor from Brandeis. He answered all questions in a
direct and plain-spoken manner, not hesitating even on
the tough ones about the Stuart case:
Marder: Don't your ties with the police have to be
cooperative and harmonious for you to operate
effectively as D.A.?
Martin: I conducted the U.S. attorney's investigations of
civil rights abuses. Certainly this is not the type of
investigation where you would develop cordial relations
33 Winter 1993
".'^f^'
'-r"--
\n\\
Martin at the Boston
Common
After graduating from
Brandeis in 1974 and
completing law school at
the Northeastern
University School of Law
in 1978, Ralph Martin II
began his law career in
civil and criminal law as
an associate at the firm of
Budd, Reilly and Wiley.
From 1982 to 1985,
Martin was an assistant
district attorney in
Middlesex County, where
he held a variety of
positions, including
Superior Court prosecutor,
supervisor of the
Cambridge Jury of Six
session and supervisor of
the district attorney's
Maiden District Court
office. He also assisted in
the training of new
assistant district
attorneys. From 1985 to
t 1 992. Martin served as
assistant United States
attorney for the District of
Massachusetts. Upon
joining that office, he was
assigned to the Organized
Crime Drug Enforcement
Task Force, and later
joined the Major Frauds
Unit (Economic Crimes
Division), where he
prosecuted complex white
collar crimes. In March
1992, he became a partner
in the law firm of Stern,
Shapiro, Rosenfeld e)
Weissberg and on
September 1, 1992 was
sworn in as district
attorney of Suffolk
County, appointed by
Governor William Weld.
Martin has been an active
member of the Greater
Boston Legal Services
Board of Duectors for
several years, having
served on the Executive,
Site and Executive
Director Search
Committees, and he
currently sits on the Long-
Range Planning
Committee for that
organization. Martin is
also a member of the
Steering Committee of the
Boston Bar Association's
Criminal Law Section,
and has served on the
Massachusetts Bar
Association's Criminal
fustice Section Council.
He is past vice president
and secretary of the
Massachusetts Black
Lawyer's Association.
Since 1987 Martin has
been a lecturer in civil
trial practice at
Northeastern University
School of Law and has
lectured on a variety of
trial matters at
continuing legal
education seminars
sponsored by MCLE and
the Boston Bar
Association, and the
Attorney General's
Advocacy Institute in
Washington, DC. He lives
in the famaica Plain
section of Boston with his
wife and two children.
with the pohce whom you were investigating. If you
view yourself as a professional prosecutor, you look at
the facts and go where they lead you. If you feel good
about the judgment you used in arriving at a decision in
the case, if you can live with it on those terms, other
kinds of scrutiny are not going to be as bothersome.
Martin expressed enthusiasm for his four-month-old
partnership at Stem, Shapiro, where he came after seven
years in the U.S. attomey's office. But he also displayed
a strong concern for the broad area of social justice,
which, he claims, can best be effected in the public
sector. He would leave the firm, he said at our
interview, only to take the D.A. job in Suffolk county.
"The opportunity to be the district attorney in the town
I live in is important to me." Martin and his wife,
Deborah Scott, a dermatologist, are bringing up their
two small children in the Jamaica Plain section of
Boston: his motives for wanting to improve the area run
deep.
Indeed, Martin's vision of the law seems tinged with a
Brandeisian sense of justice, a desire, suggesting Louis
Brandeis's efforts to place the law in the service of
society. "I think the office of D.A. in Suffolk is in
tremendous need of new leadership and fresh ideas. I
view the job of prosecutor widely. My plan entails
getting out from behind the desk to figure out how the
resources of the office can be devoted to actually
deterring or reducing crime before it gets out of
control." One way to control crime, Martin believes,
is to help troubled young people while they can
still be rehabilitated.
Naturally, he is determined to be an aggressive
prosecutor and meet the most pressing and violent
crimes. "But," he asserts, "beyond that you could use
the office as a bully pulpit to confront juvenile crime.
There is a whole generation of kids, not just in the
minority community, but everywhere within the poorer
neighborhoods of Boston, to whom we don't give
enough thought to compensating for the deficits in their
lives. If you get a juvenile in the criminal justice system
and you don't have a bed for him in a secure
rehabilitative facility, what are you going to do with
him: In Massachusetts, we have around 228 beds in a
secure rehabilitative system statewide. We need five
times as many beds at least so that we can try to
redirect some of their antisocial behavior while the kids
are in an environment that's removed from where they
developed negative behavior in the first place."
As for the financing of programs for juveniles, Martin
brings out this figure: it costs about $25,000 a year per
adult inmate for their housing, food and care. "You
could probably do it at the juvenile level for a lot less."
34 Brandeis Review
Martin is also concerned about Boston's nei,i;libi)rhoods,
which he thinks are polarized and isolated horn one
another. He comments that as a black D.A. he could
facilitate contact among them, and show them ways
they could cooperate. "If the D.A. of Suffolk county is
credible and happens to be black, it helps people
overcome some traditional notions about whether
minorities can wield power and influence the cities in a
responsible way."
The hard questions, Martin agrees, have to do with
funds. "You have to start with the state legislature:
that's where the money comes from. I'd want to join
with advocacy groups and maybe even with other D.A.
offices. The legislature would be impressed if not only
social service groups but also law enforcement groups
buy into programs that deter and reduce crimes."
Martin admits that the recession could stand in the way
of grand schemes. Looking at the D.A.'s office as an
example of budgetary reduction, he notes that earlier
there were 1 14 or so slots for assistant district
attorneys, but now the budget authorization is down to
about 102. He visualizes the city as a unit where
industry, education, law enforcement and other entities
sit down to solve problems together.
In Martin's opinion, Boston is easier to reform because
of its size, which is much smaller than, say, Los
Angeles or Washington, DC, or other troubled cities. "If
we don't act now we are going to face a future
generation so needy that the rest of society will look on
them as lepers."
If Martin needed a helpmate in Boston to sound the
alarm about the plight of children on America's streets,
internationally known pediatrician T. Berry Brazelton
intoned an equally dire message to a local audience
unconnected to the D.A.'s office. Dr. Brazelton, who
returned recently from Croatia where he toured camps
as a UNICEF emissary said "We have the same kind of
vacuum of hatred, anger, of hopelessness in our inner
cities as they have over there. And the kind of hatred
and violence we have here in Boston ought to stir
everyone up," because, he continued, many of our
children in inner cities are exhibiting the same kinds of
stress and trauma as children from Sarajevo and other
war-torn places in the former Yugoslavia.
To cope with the multitude of problems, Martin is
making his office more efficient and responsive. At his
ceremonial swearing-in on October 2, conducted by
Weld, (he was swom-in in a private setting without
ceremony on September 1, because Weld was abroad) he
outlined some of the improvements he planned to
implement. He announced the establishment of
training programs for district and superior court
prosecutors to ensure that sensitive cases could be
handled better. He told the 350 or so people in the
audience, "We are already beginning to assemble a
search warrant response team to assist the police
department. ..to obtain search warrants that will
withstand judicial scrutiny." Organizational changes,
he promised, "would be made in 60 to 90 days.
Martin receiving a special
recognition award from the
Minority Alumni Network
Reunion Committee at
Brandeis
These include assigning assistant district attorneys to
district courts for longer periods. ..and expanding
services to witnesses and victims of crime." Also,
he vowed to continue to move to a system of direct
indictment so that serious felonies are brought
immediately to a grand jury.
He had already visited with some 200 summer youth
workers and campers in Dorchester in his first
public appearance after his appointment. He addressed
their concerns about police harassment and advised
them on how to achieve success. He told them that he
would place a staff of lawyers and victim/witness
advocates in the courts to meet with youth workers
and communities to get their input on how to
solve problems.
After the ceremony, Martin had no time to celebrate.
His swearing-in was followed the next day and the next
by a series of six killings in Dorchester, Mattapan
and Roxbury: one of the victims was a 12-year-old girl.
And since then, the tragedy has been repeated time
and again.
Martin is off to a good beginning, most agree, having
appointed some excellent people to his staff, most of
them experienced attorneys who have already been
active in civic causes. As he stands in the public glare,
many eyes are riveted on him. Can he make his mark
on Boston in a significant way? Lynn Weissberg thinks
he can. "He has the administrative skills and
organizational skills to be successful. He is active in
and connected to the neighborhoods in Boston. The
D.A.'s office is going to work well only if the people in
the neighborhoods feel that they can be heard. It is a
tremendous job," she says.
It is a tremendous job: indeed, lives arc at stake.
35 Winter 1993
Seung-ilShin'64,Ph.D.'68
Goes Where
the Interesting Science Is
by Janet Mesrobian
Financial
constraints on
international health
care.. .have created
a new breed of
scientist — a
diplomat who must
juggle global
politics, medicine,
international
relations and
immunology in the
hope of saving
human lives
and staving off
diseases.
Eight million children are killed each year by viral
and bacterial diseases. If these children had been
vaccinated, they would be alive today.
In their wake, these same diseases spawn a
staggering 900 million severe illnesses annually.
So children who survive the early risks of
diseases brought on by non-vaccination may be
plagued by illness in their adult years. Among the
killers are tuberculosis, malaria, measles,
hepatitis, tetanus, typhoid and other diseases.
Financial constraints on International health care,
which force many of the world's poorer,
developing nations to forgo vaccinating their
children, have created a new breed of scientist — a
diplomat who must juggle global politics,
medicine, international relations and immunology
in the hope of saving human lives and staving off
diseases. Seung-il Shin '64, Ph.D. '68 is one of
that breed. Senior health advisor for the United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP), he is
assessing the feasibility of establishing an
international vaccine institute.
A worldwide movement, the Children's Vaccine
Initiative (CVI) is aiming to immunize the worlds
children at birth against all vaccine-preventable
diseases. A collaborative effort of the United
Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the UNDP,
the Rockefeller Foundation, the World Bank and
the World Health Organization (WHO), CVI brings
together the governments of developing and
industnalized nations, global private and public
sectors and other international organizations.
Since October, Shin has been examining the
feasibility of creating the international vaccine
institute as part of CVI's initiative for worldwide
vaccine research, development, training and
education.
"The purpose is to stimulate work on vaccines that
are important for children all over the world," Shin
explained. "There are many, many diseases
against which there are no vaccines. It is unlikely
that some of these will be developed because
these vaccines have no commercial market and
the diseases are mostly prevalent in developing
countries, so pharmaceutical companies in large
advanced countries will not invest in them.
"In Southeast Asia, Africa, Latin America, very
severe damages are done because of diarrheal
diseases, cholera, malaria," Shin explained.
"There are no effective vaccines against these
diseases." Although thousands of children in
financially constricted nations must go without
vaccination, many Americans are also at risk.
In developing countries, the vaccines that
American children normally receive — DPT, polio,
measles, mumps and rubella— are in short
supply or not available due to their high costs. For
many other diseases, vaccines simply have not
been developed yet. Large international
companies are not interested in becoming
suppliers of inexpensive children's vaccines in
developing countries. Shin said, so there is
often a severe shortage.
The Asia-Pacific rim, with its large population and
dire need for vaccination, would be the ideal place
to locate the proposed vaccine institute. Shin
explained. "In some of the countries in the
western Pacific — Japan, Korea, Singapore,
Thailand and Taiwan— we believe there exist
needed resources in terms of social infrastructure,
manpower, technology and financial resources for
the successful creation of such an institute."
Shin, who is presently reviewing major vaccine-
related private and public sector institutions in
developing and industrial nations, is hopeful the
CVI's international organization, which is neither
governmental nor commercial, will be able to
transcend existing constraints to develop new and
less costly vaccines and facilitate their global
usage. The aim is to establish the first
international vaccine institute within the next two
years and ultimately to establish a worldwide
network of such institutes.
"Right now I'm looking into institutions related to
vaccine research and development in the United
States, the Far East, Southeast Asia, Latin
America and Europe, first to assess the present
36 Brandeis Review
A Wien Scholar, Seung-il
Shin received his B.A.. cum
laude, In chemistry with
honors from Brandeis In
1964 and his Ph.D. in
biochemistry in 1968. He
has served as professor of
genetics at the Albert
Einstein College of Medicine
at Yeshiva University and as
a visiting professor of
microbiology at Seoul
National University in Korea,
where he began his
undergraduate degree. He
has also been a research
fellow at the University of
Leiden in The Netherlands
and a member scientist of
the Basel Institute in
Switzerland. He sen/ed as
the first president of Eugene
Tech International Inc., and
as a member of the
Scientific Advisory
Committee of the Damon
Runyon-Walter WInchell
Cancer Fund. He is a
member of the American
Association for Cancer
Research, American
Association for the
Advancement of Science,
American Society for Cell
Biology, American Diabetes
Association and Genetics
Society of America. He was
the first Gillette Fellow to
receive the Ph.D. degree
from Brandeis and has been
honored with a Faculty
Research Award of the
American Cancer Society.
l\/lost recently, he was
named senior health advisor
for the United Nations
Development Programme.
Shin Is married to Susan
Sandler Shin '64.
situation worldwide, and second to establish a
cooperative international network so that when we
set up the international vaccine institute in the Far
East, it will serve as a focal point for activities
worldwide," Shin said. "The eventual hope is to
locate a center in the Far East followed by other
similar regional centers in Latin Amenca, South
Asia, Eastern Europe and Afhca."
Immunization is the most effective strategy for
disease prevention, particularly in developing
nations where medical treatment is either not
available or provided too late because of high
costs and lack of services. In the 1980s, a major
international push began for worldwide
vaccination. Since 1989. UNDP and WHO have
supported 87 vaccine development projects
in 19 countnes as part of the global effort to
stimulate vaccine development. It was based
upon some of these efforts that the CVI program
was launched in 1990.
CVI's ultimate goal is to spur the creation of a
single, multi-component vaccine, which can be
taken orally rather than injected. However, such a
goal— which may cost hundreds of millions of
dollars to develop and implement — is considered
distant, but achievable.
Shin, a Wien Scholar, was the first Gillette Fellow
at Brandeis. He has carved out a career as
a leading international geneticist, academic
and entrepreneur since receiving his Brandeis
There are many, many diseases against which there are
no vaccines. It is unlikely that some of these
will be developed because these vaccines have no
commercial market..."
On a recent visit to Brandeis,
Shin (left) received an Alumni
Achievement Award from
President Samuel O. Thier
37 Winter 1993
'In the United States, fewer high school graduates pursue careers in
the basic sciences-American culture, somehow, seems to teach
children to take the path of least resistance or least work. This idea of
discipline and applying oneself has diminished."
In 1967 The Gillette
Company launched the
Gillette Fellows Program
at Brandeis University.
Since the program's
inception, more than 80
graduate students
in the sciences have
held this prestigious
fellowship award.
In addition to providing
aid to individual students,
the Gillette Fellows
Program has served to
strengthen ongoing
research in the fields of
biochemistry, biology,
biophysics, chemistry
and physics.
The distinguished
scientists supported by
this program are
making important
contributions in all areas
of science — from
medicine to physics — and
in both industry and the
academy. On June 4,
1992, Brandeis hosted
a 25th anniversary
luncheon to express its
gratitude to The
Gillette Company.
Shin (right) receiving
his B.A. from then-President
Abram Sachar
Ph.D. in 1968. For the UNDPs vaccine initiative,
he will be calling on for assistance his network of
former classmates from Brandeis's Wien
International Scholarship Program, who are now
in the Far East.
"Colleagues from Brandeis's Wien program are
now leaders in academic science, government,
education and business in Hong Kong, the
Philippines, Thailand, Japan, Korea and China,"
Shin said, "We have to try to coordinate so that all
of the countnes can come together in a truly
cooperative effort."
Shin delivered the keynote address at the Gillette
Fellows 25th anniversary luncheon on campus
last summer, focusing on the transition of
scientists between academia and industry. As the
University's longest continuing corporate sponsor,
Gillette has been sponsoring graduate fellows in
the fields of biochemistry, biology, biophysics,
chemistry and physics.
In mid-career. Shin made the transition from the
academy to private industry, a move he believes
allowed him to distribute more expediently a low
cost hepatitis B vaccine, for which he developed
cost-reducing technology. After several years on
the faculty of the Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, he founded Eugene Tech International
in 1984 and became senior executive vice
president and director of research and
development at Cheil Foods and Chemicals Inc.,
38 Brandeis Rc\
a subsidiary of the Samsung Group in Seoul,
Korea. At Cheil and through Eugene Tech
International and the New York Blood Center,
Shin and his colleagues developed technology to
mass produce the vaccine more cheaply: the
price of vaccinating one child was reduced from
$150 to $3. Samsung, through Cheil Foods,
provided the capital to develop and distribute the
vaccine. Shin said.
Viral hepatitis B is spread through blood and
bodily fluids and is the leading cause of liver
cancer worldwide. It plagues Asia. Africa. Latin
America and parts of Europe, causing widespread
death and devastation. More than one billion
people are believed to be infected, approximately
300 million are chronic carriers of the disease,
and as many as two million die each year from
viral hepatitis B. However, the reduced price has
allowed the viral hepatitis B vaccine to become
accessible and affordable to many developing
counthes. The hepatitis B immunization is now
carried out in 35 nations, Shin said. "To really
control hepatitis it is important that children
become immunized immediately after birth. That's
the most efficient way to prevent infection and
becoming a lifelong carrier, which leads to severe
liver disease and cancer."
The disease also poses a potential health threat
in the United States. According to the Centers for
Disease Control, as many as one million
Americans may have hepatitis B and 300,000
new cases are reported each year. Currently, the
majority of Americans who contract hepatitis B are
in their twenties and are infected through sexual
contact; in fact, hepatitis B is the most prevalent
sexually transmitted disease. The U.S.
Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) requires all pnvate
employees who come into contact with other
people's blood to be vaccinated against hepatitis
B. Although OSHA has no jurisdiction over
public employees, it strongly recommends that
public workers who are exposed to blood — such
as police and firefighters— be vaccinated as
well. Shin hopes that the medical community will
follow the recommendation of the American
Academy of Pediatrics for universal vaccination of
American children.
Vaccination and other preventative medical
measures should be taken in the United States,
said Shin. "Preventative medicine is not given
the priority it should be given, not only in
immunization but in investments in this kind of
technology. There are tremendous technical
advances in molecular biology and genetics that
should be channeled more effectively toward
health care issues such as vaccine development,
but they're not because commercially
its not lucrative for drug companies if the only
potential customers are poor children in
developing countries."
Shin is fearful that efforts such as CVI will suffer
as young scientists are swayed away from
careers in public interest or academia. Academic
scientists fear reductions in public funding are
dissuading many young people from careers in
academic science or causing them to work both in
academic and commercial science
simultaneously. More academicians are heading
to pnvate industry and fewer students are training
to be scientists. He contrasted the lack of
discipline instilled in American students with that
in his native Korea, which is the other extreme. "In
the United States, fewer high school graduates
pursue careers in basic sciences." Shin said.
"Amehcan culture, somehow, seems to teach
children to take the path of least resistance or
least work. This idea of discipline and applying
oneself has diminished."
"It would be wonderful for more people to see that
there's a need for this kind of activity." Shin said
of his work with CVI. 'When I went to school we
didn't know scientists could contribute in these
areas. There has to be some way to make today's
students aware of these alternative careers. Most
people assume that a biology student can
become a professor or research scientist, or join a
company, but they are not aware that there are
very large areas in public service for the United
States government or international institutions. "
For Shin, he goes where the science is the most
interesting and where he can do the most
public good. "I want to expend my energies in
something that has a larger purpose than a
single industrial organization, something that is
public-sector onented. You begin to realize the
need for this kind of activity and also to appreciate
that one can contnbute significantly on an
international scientific program. I am a product of
the Wien program." ■
"Most people
assume that a
biology student can
become a
professor or
research scientist,
or join a company,
but they are
not aware that
there are very large
areas in public
service for
the United States
government
or international
institutions."
39 Winter 1993
Bookshelf
Faculty
CARTESIAN
WOMEN
Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.
professor of liistory
The Cult of Remembrance
and the Bhick Death: Six
Renaissance Cities in
Central Italy
The (ofins Hopkins
University Press
Historian Cohn uses close
analysis of last wills to
fashion a comparative
history of six Italian city-
states — Arezzo, Florence,
Perugia, Assisi, Pisa and
Siena — to show the rise of a
new Renaissance cult of
remembrance. In 1363 the
Black Death devastated
central Italy for the second
time, causing a detectable
shift in notions of afterlife
and patterns of charitable
giving. Throughout Tuscany
and Umbria, patricians and
peasants alike abandoned the
practice of dividing their
bequests into small sums,
combining them mstead into
last gifts to enhance their
"fame and glory." They
sought to leave a mark in
much the way that modern
donors adorn classrooms,
hospitals or water fountains
with plaques to memorialize
themselves. By combining a
serial analysis of testaments
with the comparative
method, this study draws a
direct link between the
experience of pestilence and
cultural change.
David G. Gil
professor of social policy,
The Heller School
Unravelling Social Policy
Schenkman Books, Inc.
In this revised and expanded
fifth edition, David Gil
brings his book up to date
with commentary on
important issues in a decade
challenged with critical
decisions in the pohcy-
making arenas. Gil examines
social problems from a
holistic, transdisciplinary
perspective and provides a
model and methodology that
attempts a rational and
systematic appraisal of social
policies. His linkage of social
policy with human biology
and the history of mankind
provides a framework and
background of social policy.
Erica Harth
professor of humanities and
women's studies and
director. Center for the
Humanities
Cartesian Women: Versions
and Subversions of Rational
Discourse in the Old Regime
Cornell University Press
Throughout the history of
Western discourse, women
have left the mark of gender
on their words. Drawing
upon current theoretical
work in such areas as gender
studies, cultural history and
literary criticism, Harth
looks at how women in 17th-
and 18th-century France
who, confronting a
historically specific form of
the paradox in invisibility,
attempted to overcome
gender barriers and
participate in the shaping of
rational discourse. She shows
how after the founding of the
Academic des Sciences in
1666, an institution that
played a major role in the
exclusion of women from the
new learning, French
women's writings betray a
Erica Harth
resistance to the use of
dominant discourse and raise
a serious challenge to it.
Descartes's philosophy was
the first in France to attract a
wide lay public of educated
men and women and it was
instrumental in creating the
complex of assumptions
structuring modern rational
discourse. Harth argues that
in embarking on a critical
dialogue with Descartes in
the 1 7th century, learned
women were in the process
of creating an embryonic
feminist alternative to
Cartesian discourse.
Ray Jackendoff
professor of linguistics and
National Center for Complex
Systems
Languages of the Mind:
Essays on Mental
Representation
The MIT Press
Chief among the author's
contributions to the theory
of mind and related theories
of cognitive processing over
the past two decades is a
formal theory that elaborates
the nature of language and its
relationship to a broad set of
other domains. Languages of
the Mind is built on several
themes: a reaffirmation of
the value of studying the
mind in terms of formal
symbolic descriptions of
information structures; the
modularity of the mind and
how it can be further
articulated; the possibility of
articulating a theory of the
central levels of
representation in the mind,
in particular the level of
conceptual structure; and
finally, dealing with the
consequences of this
approach for the author's
overall view of the mind and
of human experience.
Ethan B. Kapstein, ed.
assistant professor of
international relations
Global Arms Production:
Policv Dilemmas For the
1990s
University Press of America
Why do governments
collaborate in the production
of advanced weaponry?
Under what conditions do
such collaborative
arrangements succeed? What
are the implications of
armaments collaboration for
the international economic
and security environments?
What will happen in the
coming years as new
alliances and security
arrangements emerge? These
are questions that concern
policymakers, industry
executives and scholars
alike, and that are likely to
remain high on policy
agendas as the arms trade
receives renewed scrutiny.
Robin Feuer Miller
professor of Russian and
comparative literature
The Brothers Karamazov:
Worlds of the Novel
Twayne Publishers
In lanuary 1879 readers of
the conservative Russian
Herald turned to the first
installment of The Brothers
Karamazov with excitement.
Russian hterature has always
been taken very seriously by
its audience since hterature
and literary criticism have
served as primary vehicles
for pohtical, economic and
social discourse during the
40 Brandeis Review
TlieBroUiersB
Karaiiiazov ^M
Ih.' N<».'l ^
Kuhin K'lirr tlilirr ^H
Alumni
intermittently repressive
regimes of the Russian czars.
Miller alerts the reader to the
internal rhymes and
resonances of Dostoevsky's
complex masterpiece and
illuminates the philosophical
and narrative riddles the
novelist continually
presents. Among the many
issues studied are guilt,
parent-child relationships
and such narrative
techniques as parody and
comic foreshadowing of
serious themes.
Jonathan D. Sarna '75,
M.A. '75
Joseph H. and Belle R. Braun
Professor of American Jewish
History and Henry D.
Shapiro, eds.
Ethnic Diversity and Civic
Identity: Patterns of Conflict
and Cohesion in Cincinnati
since 1820
University of Illinois Press
"Ethnicity" in the United
States defines persons in
terms of who they were (or
who their parents were),
while "residence" defines
them in terms of who they
are. Ethnic identifications
and civic identifications may
be in conflict, moreover,
creating situations of
"divided loyalty" to the
disparate cultures, traditions
and histories of people and
place. How Americans have
negotiated this dilemma is
the issue this book explores,
through a series of essays
examining aspects of
Cincinnati's experience as an
ethnically diverse
community. Cincinnati does
not define itself as an
ethnically diverse
community, despite the
city's attractiveness to
immigrants throughout the
19th and 20th centuries and
the presence of identifiable
ethnic groups. The concerns
of this book are the ways in
which Americans have dealt
with ethnic diversity and
negotiated their own
identities as members of a
variety of communities.
James A. Storer, ed.
associate professor of
computer science and
National Center for Complex
Systems
Image and Text
Compression
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Data compression is the
process of encoding a body of
data to reduce storage
requirements and to also
increase the bandwidth of a
digital communication link.
With lossless compression,
data can be decompressed to
be identical to the original,
whereas with lossy
compression, decompressed
data may be an acceptable
approximation to the
original. Although complete
compression systems often
employ both lossless and
lossy methods, the
techniques used are typically
quite different. The first part
of this book addresses lossy
image compression and the
second part lossless text
compression. The third part
addresses techniques from
coding theory, which are
applicable to both lossless
and lossy compression.
David S. Ariel, M.A. '81
Ariel is president of the
Cleveland College of Jewish
Studies.
The Mystic Quest: An
Introduction to fewish
Mysticism
Schocken Books
In the last two centuries Jews
have often discounted the
presence of a persistent
mystical tradition in their
midst. The author introduces
the reader to the breadth and
depth of Jewish mysticism
especially in the
development and meaning of
the Kabbalah. Ariel traces
the history of the Kabbalah
and tracks its decline that
began in the late 1 8th
century when Jews were
finally admitted into
mainstream society. He
declares that the loss of
mystical tradition has
alienated Jews who seek a
more mystically fulfilling
religious experience.
Frank S. Bioch '66,
MA '77, Ph.D. '78
Bloch IS professor of law and
director of clinical education
at Vanderbilt University's
School of Law.
Disability Determination:
The Administrative Process
and the Role of Medical
Personnel
Greenwood Press
Politicians and policymakers
agree that the disabled are
worthy and appropriate
beneficiaries of legislative
action, but the result is
widely scattered legislation
that reflects unfocused
policy. Laws range from
those protecting the disabled
from employment
discrimination to those
authorizing cash benefits to
persons unable to work. The
purpose of this book is to
examine the important
disability determination
process and to suggest a more
appropriate role for medical
personnel in that process.
Arthur L. Capian '71, ed.
Caplan is the director of the
Center for Biomedical Ethics
at the University of
Minnesota.
When Medicine Went Mad:
Bioethics and the Holocaust
The Humana Press, Inc.
Soon after a half-day
conference on the
implications of the
Holocaust for bioethics in
1976, scholars who were
present made it clear that
medicine and science had
played crucial roles both in
the fostering of Nazi ideology
and in implementing the
Final Solution. Ten years
later Caplan organized a
three-day conference at the
University of Minnesota to
examine the meaning of the
Holocaust for bioethics. The
articles collected in this
volume represent the results
of that meeting. The book
opens with personal
testimonies of survivors of
Nazi experiments in
concentration camps made
without their consent or
prior knowledge. Some of the
questions raised as
bioethicists grapple with the
possible use of the
resulting data in modem
medicine are: How can
medical scientists so lose
perspective as to experiment
on fellow humans- Are we
morally free to use data
gained at such a catastrophic
41 Winter 1993
price? Are there analogies in
euthanasia and abortion
to the use of data from such
unethical experiments?
Merrill Joan Gerber,
M.A. '81
Gerber, the author of three
story collections, eight young
adult novels and four other
novels, lives in Sierra Madre,
California.
The Kingdom of Brooklyn
Longstreet Press, Inc.
As the novel opens,
precocious three-year-old Issa
struggles to comprehend the
family she has been born
into; her meek, henpecked
father; her increasingly frail
grandmother; her maternal
aunt Gilda; and — at the
center of it all — her neurotic
mother, Ruth. Why does her
mother discourage Issa from
having any friends? Why
does her mother want to
make Issa so terrified of the
prospect of going to school?
Issa's reflections from age
three to 14 include
exhilarating moments —
unheard-of pleasures like
playing games with other
children, whizzing through
the kingdom of Brooklyn on
her own bicycle, discovering
a boyfriend. For the most
part, as her story moves
toward its climax, this
sensitive and endearing
narrator can only bear
witness to the bewildering
interplay of her fragile,
foundering family.
Laura Hapke '67
Hapke is professor of English
at Pace University, New
York City.
Tales of the Working Girl
Wage-Earning Women in
American Literature. 1890-
1925
Twayne Publishers
The last decade of the 19th
century witnessed a massive
feminine entry into an
industrial workplace whose
need for cheap labor had
increased steadily since the
Civil War. For the next 35
years, until their relative
acceptance after World War I,
"working girls," rarely
dignified by the term
"working women," were the
subjects of a heated cultural
debate. Liberal reformers
decried the "slavery" of the
sweatshop, factory,
department store and
domestic service jobs held by
most female workers.
Traditionalists held that all
work outside the domestic
sphere was unwomanly. By
joining this debate, fiction
helped shape it. Authors
such as Stephen Crane, Edith
Wharton, O. Henry,
Theodore Drieser, Anzia
Yezierska, Jacob Riis, among
others, all wove the working
girl controversy into their
narratives. How they and
their contemporaries dealt
with the new mass
phenomenon — documenting,
indicting, glorifying and
transforming their heroines
and antiheroines — is the
subject of this book.
Deborah Kaplan '79
Kaplan is associate professor
of English at George Mason
University.
Jane Austen among Women
The Johns Hopkins
University Press
^
UNDERSTANDING O
explicitly critical of the
dominant patriarchal version
of the female self and her
domestic duties.
Suzanne Klingenstein,
M.A. '83
Klingenstein is lecturer in
English and American
iterature at Harvard
University.
lews in the American
^ Academy. 1900-1940: The
*1 Dynamics of Intellectual
_• Assimilation
D ri L E S SET1- Yale University Press
In an age when genteel
women wrote little more
than personal letters, how
did Jane Austen manage to
become a novelist? Was she
an isolated genius who rose
to fame through sheer talent?
Kaplan contends that Austen
participated actively in a
women's culture that
promoted female authority
and achievement. The
novelist belonged to a
provincial community that
included men as well as
women, but she also
participated in another
distinct set of relationships
composed of women
exclusively. Because the
female affiliations were
situated within the larger
social group, their
experiences frequently
overlapped. They subscribed
to the larger, mixed
community's patriarchal
conception of the female but
they also produced
among themselves an
alternative vision of an
independent, self-assertive
female, implicitly and
By tracing the experiences of
the first Jewish professors of
humanities in American
universities, the author sheds
light on two important
subjects; how the philosophy
and literature departments of
Ivy League colleges in the
early 20th century gradually
opened their doors to Jewish
men of letters, and how this
integration transformed the
thinking of these Jewish
professors, many of whom
had been brought up in
orthodox homes. The
professors range from Leo
Winer, who was hired in
1896 by Harvard University
as a polyglot, to Lionel
Trilling, who won a hard-
fought battle to become the
first Jewish professor of
English and American
hterature at Columbia
University. Klingenstein
examines the difficulties
they experienced when they
exchanged the world of the
Torah for that of philosophy
and literature and shows that
it was not until the
generation that followed
were Jewish professors fully
integrated — professionally
and psychologically— into
the academic establishment.
42 Brandeis Revii
Demons
ir.i' Devil
Faculty Notes
Don Lessem '73
Lessem has written on
dinosaurs for Smithsonian.
Discover, Omni, The New
York Times and the Boston
Globe, as well as served as
consultant, writer and
on-air host to programs on
dinosaurs broadcast
on the acclaimed "Nova"
series. Lessem is also the
founder of the Dinosaur
Society, a nonprofit
organization that benefits
science and education.
Kings of Creation
Simon &. Schuster
In Kings of Creation. Don
Lessem introduces us to a
new generation of scientists
whose finds are
revolutionizing the way we
look at dinosaurs. Half of all
known dinosaur species have
been identified in the past 20
years, and now a new
dinosaur is being discovered
every seven weeks. Among
the finds are the largest
dinosaurs ever to walk the
earth, the skull of the earliest
known dmosaur and
dinosaur eggs, which X rays
reveal contain tiny intact
embryos. This book provides
an account of dinosaur life
and is a portrait of scientists
who are reconstructing the
world of dinosaurs.
Charles Stewart '78
Stewart is lecturer on
modern Greek, The George
Seferis Chair of Modern
Greek Studies, Harvard
University.
Demons and the Devil:
Moral Imagination in
Modern Greek Culture
Princeton University Press
In present-day Greece many
people still speak of
exotikd — mermaids, dog-
form creatures and other
monstrous beings.
Challenging the
conventional notion that
these often malevolent
demons belong exclusively
to a realm of folklore or
superstition separate from
Christianity, the author
looks at beliefs about the
exotikd and the Orthodox
Devil to demonstrate the
interdependency of doctrinal
and local religion. Greek
demons cluster in marginal
locations — outlying streams,
wells and caves. The demons
are near enough to the
community, however, to
attack humans — causing
illness or death. Drawing on
sources from the author's
fieldwork on the Cycladic
island of Naxos to Orthodox
liturgical texts, this book
pictures the exotika as
elements of a Greek
cognitive map: figures that
enable individuals to
navigate the traumas and
ambiguities of life. The
author also examines the
social forces that have by
turns disposed the Greek
people to embrace these
demons as indicative of links
with the classical past or to
eschew them as signs of
backwardness and ignorance.
Teresa M. Amabile
professor of psychology, is a
visiting research scholar at
the Harvard Business School
during her sabbatical year —
1992-93.
Joyce Antler
associate professor of
American studies, received a
grant from the Littauer
Foundation in support of her
book on the history of 20th-
century American Jewish
women and was appointed
Loewenstein-Weiner Fellow
in American Jewish Studies
at the American Jewish
Archives, Cincinnati. Her
book. The Challenge of
Feminist Biography: Writing
the Lives of Modern
American Women, was
published in the fall.
Lynette M.F. Bosch
assistant professor of fine
arts, presented a paper, "Don
Inigo Lopez Y mendoza y el
estilo Hispano-Flamenco en
Castilla: Herencia Social y
Politica de Isabel la
Catolica," at the meeting of
the Fundacion del Duque y
la Duquesa de Soria, Soria,
Spain. She also wrote the
catalogs for the Northern
Renaissance Master Prints
exhibition and for the Islands
in the Stream: Seven Cuban
American Artists exhibition
of paintings, sculpture and
drawings, held at SUNY
College, Cortland.
Marc Brettler
associate professor of Near
Eastern and Judaic Studies,
lectured on "Politics in
Judges, Samuel and Kings" at
the Cornell University
Conference on Politics in the
Bible. He taught a course,
Biblical Israel and Its Roots,
at the Skidmore
College Judaic Studies
Summer Institute.
James Callahan
lecturer and human sei-vices
research professor and
director, Supportive Services
Program for Older Persons,
has been named to the board
of directors of the National
Academy on Aging. The
academy is an organization
funded by the
Administration on Aging.
The intent is to put the
problem of aging on the
national agenda.
Eric Chasalow
assistant professor of
composition, attended the
Stockholm Electronic Music
Festival and the International
Computer Music
Conference, San Jose, where
his piece "This Way Out"
was performed at both
events. This piece, the first
produced in the new
Brandeis Electro-Acoustic
Music Studio (BEAMS) was
the U.S. representative on a
CD with pieces from five
other composers.
Jacques Cohen
Zayre/Feldberg Professor of
Computer Science and
National Center for Complex
Systems, chaired an
international workshop on
memory management in St.
Malo, France. He was the
coeditor of the proceedings of
the workshop that have been
published in Lecture Notes
on Computer Science.
Peter Conrad
professor of sociology,
published "Epilepsy in
Indonesia: Notes from
Development" in Central
Issues in Anthropology. An
expanded edition of his
award-winning book.
Deviance and
Medicalization: From
Badness to Sickness,
coauthored with Joseph W.
Schneider, was published.
Louise Costigan
artist-in-residence in theater
arts, was chosen to be
included in the new
international edition of
"Who's Who in Music." She
also judged the National
Opera Association's Opera
Production Competition.
43 Winter 1993
Stanley Deser
Enid and Nathan Ancell
Professor of Physics,
delivered invited lectures at
Gothenburg University,
Sweden; Niels Bohr Institute,
Copenhagen; and European
Center for Nuclear Research,
Geneva, and was
invited foreign speaker,
3rd Maritime Universities
Conference, Moncton,
New Brunswick. He is also
a member of the
organizing committee for
PASCOS 92, International
Conference on Particle
Physics and Cosmology.
Sandra Dackow
artist-in-residence in music,
led workshops for music
teachers and students
throughout eastern Australia
and guest conducted the
Australia East Coast Wind
Orchestra during the
Australia National Band and
Orchestra Conference, at
which she also delivered the
keynote address.
Gerald D. Fasman
Louis and Bessie Rosenfield
Professor of Biochemistry,
delivered the following
lectures; "Three Decades of
DNA: The Career of Julius
Marmur" at the Albert
Einstein Medical School;
"The 25th Jerusalem
Symposium on Membrane
Proteins, Structures,
Interactions and Models" at
the Israel Academy of
Sciences and Humanities,
Jerusalem; and "Modem
Enzymology: Problems and
Trends" at the Russian
Academy of Sciences, St.
Petersburg, Russia. He also
delivered a lecture on
determining transmembrane
helices at the Department of
Chemistry, Polytechnic
University of New York; the
Department of Chemistry,
Princeton University; The
British Oxygen Corporation,
Murray Hill, New Jersey;
and Biophysics Program,
Cornell University.
Margot Fassler
associate professor of music,
was an invited speaker at the
session, "Teaching Medieval
Music," sponsored by the
College Music Association
and the American
Musicological Society at the
society's national meeting.
She also addressed the
National Meeting of German
Musicologists in Erlangen,
Germany, on the subject of
her forthcoming book on
Gothic songs.
Dian Fox
associate professor of Spanish
and comparative literature,
was invited to join the
editorial board of the Bulletin
of the Comediantes, a journal
on 16th- and 17th-century
Spanish theater.
Martin Gibbs
Abraham S. and Gertrude
Burg Professor in Life
Sciences, was presented an
Honorary Life Membership
by the Canadian Society of
Plant Physiologists. Also,
the American Society of
Plant Physiologists presented
him the Adolph E. Gude, Jr.
Award, a triennial monetary
award made in recognition of
outstanding service to the
science of plant physiology.
Ruth Goilan
adjunct associate professor
of Near Eastern and
Judaic Studies and director,
Hebrew and Oriental
Language Programs, was
awarded a grant by the
National Endowment for the
Humanities to conduct
a summer institute
for teachers of Hebrew at
the secondary and
post-secondary levels.
Karen V. Hansen
assistant professor of
sociology, received two
grants, one from the
American Philosophical
Society and the other from
the American Sociological
Association/National
Science Foundation Small
Grants Program. The grants
support her latest project.
"Private Lives or Social
Lives? An Analysis of the
Social Bonds of Working
Men and Women in
Antebellum New England."
Judith Herzfeid
professor of biophysical
chemistry, organized a
symposium on spectroscopy
for the 1 Ith International
Congress on Photobiology,
Kyoto. She also lectured at
the 15th International
Conference on Magnetic
Resonance in Biological
Systems, Jerusalem.
Ray Jackendoff
professor of linguistics and
National Center for Complex
Systems, lectured on "Is
There a Faculty of Social
Cognition?" at the
University of Pennsylvania
and McGill University; "The
Nature of Reality" at
Washington and Lee
University; and "The
Boundaries of the Lexicon"
at the University of Koln, the
Max Planck Institute for
Psycholinguistics and the
Tilburg Conference on
Idioms, Holland.
Hilda Kahne
visiting professor in The
Heller School's Center for
Family and Children's
Policy, and
Janet Z. Giele
professor. The Heller School,
had their book. Women's
Work and Women 's Lives:
The Continuing Struggle
Worldwide, published.
Edward K. Kaplan
professor of French and
comparative literature,
received a grant from the
Lucius N. Littauer
Foundation for research
related to his biography of
Abraham Joshua Heschel,
and while on sabbatical in
Israel and Paris was
interviewed on French radio
about the book. His
translation of Charles
Baudelaire's prose poems.
The Parisian Prowler, was
named by Choice magazine
as one of the outstanding
academic books of 1992.
Karen Klein
associate professor of
English, exhibited her artist's
books in a three-person
show in Somerville,
Massachusetts, and in an
invitational group show,
"The Book Is Art," in
Easthampton, Long Island.
She gave an invited
lecture on "Strategies of
Access for Kinesthetic and
Visual Intelligences in
the Writing Process" to the
faculty of Landmark
College, Putney, Vermont.
Richard Lansing
professor of Italian and
comparative literature,
delivered a talk, "Dante's
Intended Audience in the
Convivio," at a conference
on the topic of "Dante's
Intended Audiences"
sponsored by the Dante
Society of America at
Harvard University. He also
delivered a paper,
"Ariosto's Orlando furioso
and the Irony of
Paradox," at the Modem
Language Association's
Annual Convention.
Avigdor Levy
associate professor of Near
Eastern and Judaic Studies,
coordinated an international
conference, Jews and Turks,
Five Hundred Years of
Shared History, in Istanbul.
Levy read a paper, "The
Evolution of the Chief
Rabbinate in the Ottoman
Empire," at the conference.
Mary Lowry
artist-in-residence in voice,
demonstrated the extended
vocal techniques of the
French-based Roy Hart
Theatre at the National
Conference of the
Association for Theatre in
Higher Education.
Alan L. Mintz
Joseph H. and Belle R. Braun
Professor of Modem Hebrew
Literature, was appointed to
44 Brandeis Review
the newly endowed Joseph
H. and Belle R. Braun Chair
in Modem Hebrew
Literature. He delivered a
lecture on "The Future
of Hebrew in America"
at the formal acceptance of
his appointment.
Alfred Nisonoff
professor of biology and
Rosenstiel Basic Medical
Sciences Research Center,
has received a one-year,
$91,000 grant from the
American Cancer Society to
continue his work on
"Mechanisms of Tolerance
and Autoimmunity to an
Endogenous Protein."
Thomas Pochapsky
assistant professor of
chemistry, was awarded a
five-year National Science
Foundation Young
Investigators grant to support
his research on the structure
and dynamics of proteins. He
was one of 14 chemists
chosen from 102 applicants
for this prestigious and
competitive award.
Benjamin Ravid
Jennie and Mayer Weisman
Professor of lewish History,
was an invited participant on
a panel on the history of the
Jews in early modem Europe
at the 39th Historikertag
held in Hannover, Germany,
Shulamit Reinharz
professor of sociology and
director. Women's Studies
Program, delivered an invited
talk at the annual meeting of
The Society for
Phenomenology and the
Human Sciences. She also
organized two sessions at the
annual meeting of the
American Sociological
Association. Her chapter,
"Principles of Feminist
Research, " appeared in
Knowledge Explosion:
Generations of Feminist
Scholarship, and her entry on
sexism for the World Book
Encyclopedia was written
with Linda Mills, Pew fellow
at The Heller School.
Nicholas Rodis
professor of physical
education, attended the
executive committee
meeting of the International
University Sports Federation
as a representative of the
United States Collegiate
Sports Council.
Jerry Samet
associate professor of
philosophy, published
"Autism and the Theory of
Mmd: Some Philosophical
Perspectives" in
Understanding Other Minds:
Perspectives from Autism.
Benigno Sanchez-Eppler
assistant professor of Latin
American Studies, was
named Manheimer Term
Assistant Professor for the
three-year period of
1992-95. This appellation is
designated for a
junior faculty member
with a strong teaching record
in humanities.
James H. Schultz
Ida and Meyer Kirstein
Professor for Planning and
Administration of Agmg
Policy, The Heller School,
was appointed to the
Congressional Study Group
on Women and
Retirement. He also recently
organized and chaired a
workshop. Economic
Aspects of Aging, at the
International Conference on
Population Aging.
Silvan S. Schweber
professor of physics and
Richard Koret Professor in
the History of Ideas, was
elected president-elect of the
History of Physics division of
the American Physical
Society. He delivered a
lecture on the historical
context of the rise of the
standard model at the
Stanford Linear Accelerator
Conference on the history of
particle physics; presented a
paper on the present crisis in
physics, at the Van Leer
Institute, Jemsalem,- and
attended a workshop in
Bellagio, Italy, where he
contributed a paper.
"Philanthropies, the
Government and
the Transformation of the
Sciences in the U.S."
Neil Simister
assistant professor of
molecular immunology and
Rosenstiel Basic Medical
Sciences Research Center,
was an invited
speaker at the Eighth
International Congress of
Immunology, Budapest. He
spoke on "Cloning cDNA
Encoding a Putative
Intestinal Fc Receptor from
Neonatal Mice."
Dessima Williams
Jacob Ziskind Visiting
Assistant Professor of
Sociology, presented a paper,
"From Conquest, Liberal
Dictatorship and
Interdependence — Who
Determines the 'Next' World
Order?" at a plenary session
of the First International
Minoan Celebration of
Partnership, for which she
served as coconvenor. She
was also the keynote
presenter for the College of
New Paltz Women's Studies
Conference on Woman
and Power, where she
delivered "Women in the
World: Power, Partnership
and Politics."
Leslie Zebrowitz
Manuel Yellen Professor of
Social Relations, served on
the National Science
Foundation Young
Investigators selection panel
for the past two years
and will serve a two-year
term on the National
Institute of Mental Health
Emotion and Personality
Grants Review Committee.
Harry Zohn
professor of German,
lectured on Karl Kraus at
Boston University and on
Friderike Maria Zweig at the
American Association for
Teachers of German/
American Council Teachers
of Foreign Languages
conference. He presented a
feature on Richard Beer-
Hofmann in Cross Currents:
A Yearbook of Central
European Culture and
contributed articles on Stefan
Zweig and Karl Kraus to the
Dictionary of Literary
Biography, on Heinrich
Heine to Magill's Survey of
World Literature and
on Franz Werfel to a volume
of essays edited by Strelka
and Weigel.
Staff
Carolyn M. Gray
associate director of reader
services and library
development officer, was
elected to a three-year term
to the New England Library
Network board of directors
and was awarded a Ph.D.
from The Heller School.
Aaron L. Katchen
director of the Weizmann
Archive Project, special
collections department of the
Library, has contributed an
essay, "The Covenantal Salt
of Friendship" on the
exegesis of Lev. 2:13, to a
volume of biblical studies
soon to be published in
memory of Frank E. Talmage
'60. The eulogy he delivered
at Talmage's funeral will also
be included m the volume.
Ann C. Schaffner
assistant director,
Gerstenzang Science Library,
coauthored a paper,
"Automated Collection
Analysis: The Boston Library
Consortium Experience," for
volume 3 of Advances in
Library Resource Sharing.
Sue Woodson-Marks
reference assistant. Main
Library, delivered a
lecture, "Ethnographic
Techniques in Assessing
Users' Information
Needs," at the third National
Conference of the
Library and Information
Technology Association.
45 Winter 1993
Alumni
A Few Words of
Thanks
Being a determinist of sorts,
it is my belief that I never
could have entered upon a
career in advertising without
the influence, either positive
or negative, of a parade of
people who, as I grew from
innocent childhood to
bewildered adulthood, helped
tilt my brain towards the
bittersweet occupation of
creative conceptualizing, or,
as some would have it,
promo and hype. For then-
profound, if scarring impact
of my choice of a vocational
path, these individuals I
publicly and solemnly thank.
I thank my mother, who,
early on, cautioned me
against venturing into the
"night air" of winter, where
bronchitis and ear infections
were known to lurk. Better
to stay in and do my
homework so I could get into
medical school. After years
of this, I was sufficiently
afraid of germs to flee across
the street when I even came
near a medical school.
Eventually, I found refuge on
the sunny sidewalks of
Madison Avenue, where
bronchitis and ear
infections disappear, poof,
in 30 seconds.
I thank my father, who put
me to work in a delicatessen
as a teenage salami slinger.
From him I not only learned
Paul Silverman is the chief
creative officer at Mullen
Advertising, a New England
agency that regularly wins
major national and
international awards for its
conceptual and creative
work. He attended Brandeis
in the mid-1960s, earned an
M.A. in the history of
ideas and embarked on a
writing career.
While working as a
newspaper reporter and
trade magazine editor he
published short stories
and poems in numerous
literary magazines. In the
1970s he teamed up with
advertising entrepreneur fim
Mullen and began writing
commercially on a full-time
basis. The agency grew into
a 135-person shop that
now occupies bucolic lands
and a princely manor house
north of Boston. The Wall
Street Journal recently
honored Silverman in a
full-page biographical ad,
part of a series on the
top creative leaders
of American advertising.
•Iii!
S^'t
Silverman standing by the
50-acre estate built in
the 1920s in Manchester-by-
the-Sea, Mass.. which
Mullen Advertising uses as
its office
Silverman in the
September 10, 1992 full-page
biographical ad in
the Wall Street Journal, part
of a series on the top
creative leaders of American
advertising
46 Brandeis Review
B12 THE WALL STREET JOUHNAL THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER 10.
All of Paul.
Paul Stiverman. Chief creative officer and creative director of Mullen Advertising, the creative shop that s been
doing some of the best work to come out of Boston in years. IXvice chosen by a major trade publication as Creative Director of the Year
in the Northeast, this self-effacing former journalist shared his views and opinions in a recent conversation.
On beginnings:
I'm a Bostonian. My father had a deli in the middle of Bo-,ton-the
Roxbury neighborhood. Growing up in Roxbiiry I worked m the
deli. I've hved in New York and m the Boston suburbs but m
my heart, I'm still from Roxbury. I went to the Umversitv of
Massachusetts, then Boston University, and fmallv Brandos
Br andeis? An incredib l y tou gh school; a b rainy s chool with a lot of
talented g rinds. M y ma j or was the Hist ory of Ideas-an appropriate
beg innin g f or a care er i n advertisin g.
On earning dollars with words:
After Brandeis, I went back to Boston, worked in restaur
waiter I wanted to be an artistic writer, so I wrote poetry
short stories. But I also wanted to make a living as a
writer, so I worked as a reporter for two Massachu
setts newspapers-the Beverly Times and, later, the
Quincy Patriot-Ledger. I covered the planning
commission, the police blotter, the sewer com-
mittee, the selectmen, all the beats they could toss
at a young reporter. After a few years, I moved to
New York where I worked for Chain Store Age and
Discount Store News. I'd go out to K-Mart with a
camera, take the pictures and do the story. A
valuable experience. I learned how businesspeoplt
think-and how to deal with something that's not
all that fascinating on the surface.
On dropping out, dropping in:
After two years, I came back to Boston where I
dropped out, hung out, wrote short stories for
literary magazines and freelanced for Lebhar-
Friedman. A space salesman for the company put
me in touch with a one-man agency in Marble-
head. That's how 1 met Jim Mullen, a former
charter-boat skipper from the Caribbean. Jim's a
world-class sailor, while I'm a rubber-ducky kind
of guy, okay with rowboats, not sailboats. But we
hit it off in a certain way and that was the start of
On amateur days-and nights:
Neither Jim nor I have ever worked for another
agency. And we never had any training for the
business. So we've always been enthusiastic
amateurs-better that than bored professionals.
Wfe didn't know how people at Esty or HUl HoUiday
operated. So we did things the way we thought they
should be done, in our amateurish way. There might
have been a lack of knowledge but never of energy, so
things were done, even when it meant workmg all
night, all weekend.
On the office environment:
We're located in a former convent, on 50 acres of New
England landscape, 30 miles north of Boston. It's a
beautiful natural setting; nothing but grass and trees as
far as you can see-it could be a bed and breakfast place or
a retreat for philosophers and poets. For an advertising
agency, it's a wonderful place to work. Location has alwa\'s
been a signal difference between Mullen and other shops
When the agency was in Marblebead, some joker said it
should have been called Jimmy's Harborside. Humor asidr
logic tells you a calm, comfortable place to work is helpful
I think our environment inspires good work.
On hiring people:
By any standards, we're unconventional. Unconventional
locations. Unconventional people. Unconventional
backgrounds. So we tend to hire unconventionally
Resumes mean- little. Wfe're looking for something in
I k something in the interview. We like people with experience
ide advertismg people with street sense. I beUeve that's one of
the theater, casting is critical to the success of a
production In this busmess, hiring is casting.
On point of lieu
When MuUen does it nght. you'll see advertising that's a little bit
than the smart stuff How do you reach that goal? It starts
with a point of view In most agencies, what's done is based on last
s Hatch awards or by what's hot on Madison Avenue. And the
tiL itic n ( >r 1 lot of stuff is, "That's how they did it last year at
BKU( ) Kan t say that-I've never worked at BBDO. So
s a good deal of humility. If my secretary tells
le I ve written an ad that doesn't work, my
response is "Okay okay, I'U do it again." As an
agency, our job definition is to help the client
succeed, to sell what needs to be sold. We don't
let our pnde or our experience or our ego get
in the way of domgthat job.
On positioning the agency:
Mullen isn't-never has been-"a New England
agency." The world has shrunk so much, and
communications have improved so drama-
tically that geography shouldn't be the way an
agency defmes itself. So the choice is yours.
Just to name a few of the options, you can be a
nuts and-bolts agency, you can be a quality
agency, you can be a highly creative agency.
None of these positions have anything to do with
geography. Look at what's happened in this
business over the past ten years or so. You don't
hear much talk about "New York agencies" or
C hicago agencies." The new positioning is on
the basis of what you can do, not where you are.
On technology and creativity:
Increasmgly, our art department is a blend of
manual skills and electronic capabilities. There's
10 fighting this trend. You can't be a dinosaur.
Computers have compressed time frames,
increasing the speed by which you can explore
itions, decreasing costs for the client. That
said, computers won't make anyone more creative,
they can make creative people more productive.
On media:
Advertisers misunderstand the nature of media. You
don't-or shouldn't-buy a magazine or a newspaper. What
you buy are readers. A well-thought-out media investment
is as important as the creative. Without it? WfeU, it's Uke
composing a beautiful symphony, which is then performed
by the Boston Symphony Orchestra in an empty concert
hall. Without an audience, all the beauty means little.
On The Wall Street Journal:
As a reader. The Journal has been my favorite for years. It
comes into my home every morning, where my wife and I
read it avidly The writing is crisp and clean. The thinking is
inteUigent and insightful. As a business person, I look at it
as the road map for American business. So if you're involved
in business, it's not just great reading, it's vital reading. How
can you understand your client unless you understand the
world of business? As a writer. The Journal gives you every-
thing you want: content that compels attention, terrific
reproduction, and the biggest, brightest, most successful
audience imaginable. Mullen is an advertising agency
unlike any other on the face of the earth. Likewise, The
Journal is a publication unlike any other you've seen. No
wonder some of our best work has appeared in The Journal!
The Wall Street Journal.
It works.
Brandeis FOBs
how to pile three ounces of
brisket so it looked like six,
but how to create lyrical
promotional exaggerations
on my feet, in front of the
customer. "This isn't potato
salad, it's ice cream."
I thank my ninth grade math
teacher, Mr. Sheehy, for the
day he screamed at a class
member for conceahng a tiny
crib sheet in a cheese
sandwich. In doing so, he
proved that people will react
powerfully to small messages
placed strategically in offbeat
media. I also thank Mr.
Sheehy's colleagues, the
Latin teachers who exercised
my mind with endless
grammatical pushups. Hie.
haec, hoc. After this
boredom, the words
"rich,""pure" and "creamy"
would seem interesting
beyond behef.
I thank Stanley, the
Neanderthal foreman in the
olive-packing factory where I
was enslaved for one
summer between college
semesters. As Stanley snarled
at me to go faster, I would
wrestle a big mama of an
olive barrel up an incline to a
platform. Upon reaching the
platform, I would strain
against the bulging staves
until the barrel finally
tipped, vomiting a swarm of
greasy, green pimento-oozing
orbs into a slide that
plummeted to a conveyor
belt down on the main
floor. There, hordes of fellow
chattels pawed the oily
pellets and stuffed them
into jars.
One month of going home
each day reeking like an
antipasto, I was ready for any
career that might give me
something lighter than an
olive barrel to push. When I
think of Stanley, I know why
my pick and shovel is a
ballpoint pen.
I thank my professors in the
history of ideas department
at Brandeis University,
whose obsessive love of the
footnote was undoubtedly a
harbinger of my future
involvement with shoe
accounts. Ibid. Op cit. Viz.
In the same breath, I thank
the lady in my mother's
mah-jongg club who gave me
three pairs of underwear
upon my emergence from
Brandeis with a master's in
the history of ideas. This
taught me the value the
average person places on an
academic or overly
philosophical career, and
encouraged me to drop all
thoughts I had of occupying
an esteemed chair that did
not come from Roche Bobois.
I thank the publishers of the
discount store trade
magazine for whom I toiled
briefly as a reporter. They
would dispatch me across
the continent to cover such
momentous events as K-
Mart's adding an endcap
display of Rubbermaid sink
stoppers in Doldrum, Idaho.
Through the repetition of
this task, I acquired the
bonsai mentality that
enabled me to extract copy
points of deep importance
from seemingly shallow
material. This skill has saved
me every time I have been
called upon to find the
Unique Selling Proposition
in ABC brand of paper clips
or XYZ Styrofoam cups.
I thank, finally and
especially, all the editors of
literary magazines who,
having deemed my short
stories unworthy of
publication, gleefully paper-
clipped them with sadistic
rejection slips and returned
them in stamped self-
addressed manila envelopes
masochistically provided by
me. Time would prove that
these keepers of the pseudo-
artistic gate, in fact, did me a
noble service. By slamming
the gate in my face so
often, and so cruelly, they
flattened my nose
(figuratively) before I ever
received a single haymaker
from a client. To this day,
even the worst client
rejections are duck soup
compared to the pious put-
downs of small-time editors.
But, having attained a big
cheese position in
advertising, I am not without
recourse. Every now and
then, one of them sends me
a resume.
Paul Silverman, M.A. '64
Eli Segal '64, who served as
the chief financial officer for
the Transition Team, was
named by President-elect
Clinton in mid-January as
assistant to the President and
director of the Office of
National Service. He will
develop the National Service
Trust, a program whereby
students could work off
college loans by doing
community service. He was
chief of staff for Clinton's
campaign. Clinton and Segal
worked together on George
McGovern's campaign for
president while they were at
Yale Law School. Segal, a
veteran campaigner, worked
for Eugene McCarthy in 1968
and for Gary Hart in 1988.
He is president of Bits and
Pieces, a Boston-based mail
order games and puzzle
business, and publisher of
Games magazine.
Judith Morris Feder '68, a
political scientist, was
appointed to the Transition
Team's top post for
health policy reform.
Codirector of the Center for
Health Policy Studies at
Georgetown University
School of Medicine, she is a
long-time advocate of
"managed competition" in
medical care.
Stuart Altman, dean of The
Heller School and Sol C.
Chaikin Professor of
National Health Pohcy, was
tapped to direct a group to
develop policy options for
Brandeis Review
national health care reform
on the Transition Team. He
also gave a presentation on
the first day of the two-day
economic conference in
Little Rock. Altman has held
senior policy positions in
three presidential
administrations. Dean of The
Heller School since 1977, he
temporarily stepped down
from October 1990 to
September 1991 to serve as
Brandeis's interim president.
In addition, Bernard
Nussbaum, a Brandeis
Fellow and partner in a New
York law firm specializing
in representing corporate
entities, served as a cluster
coordinator in the Transition
Team. Nussbaum is
married to Toby Ann
Shcmfcld Nussbaum '60.
Eli Segal '64
Judith Feder '68
The campus in a Febnuuv
thaw. Spu ' ' Tl
backvroui
49 Winter 1993
Alumni Honored
for Achievements,
Service
On Founders' Day nine
alumni received recognition
from the University and
from the Brandeis Alumni
Association and Alumni
Admissions Council for their
career attainments and
volunteer leadership on
behalf of their alma mater.
President Samuel O. Thier
presented Alumni
Achievement Avi^ards to
three alumni in recognition
of distinguished achievement
fulfilling the promise of a
Brandeis liberal arts
education that "prepares
students for full participation
in a changing society with an
emphasis on character and
intellect that reflect
excellence and a
commitment to the welfare
of others." This year's
recipients are Bernard Fields
'58, Letty Cottin Pogrebin
'59 and Seung-il Shin '64,
Ph.D. '68. Previous Alumni
Achievement Award winners
were Donald Cohen '61,
Stephen Coyle '69, Barbara
Dortch '71, Evelyn Fox Keller
'57, Joseph Reiman '75,
George Saitoti '67, Joel
Schwartz '69 and Karen
Uhlenbecl<, Ph.D. '68.
Bernard Fields '58 is the
Adele Lehman Professor and
chair of the Department of
Microbiology and Molecular
Genetics at Harvard Medical
School. A graduate of New
York University Medical
School, he has concentrated
on the study of viruses.
Before 1975 he was on the
faculty of the Albert Einstein
College of Medicine. The
author of over 200 research
articles and reviews as well
as the standard textbook on
virology. Fields has received
numerous honors including
election to the National
Academy of Science, the
American Academy of Arts
and Sciences and the
Institute of Medicine. He
also received the Solomon
Berson Alumni Achievement
University Alumni
Leadership Award recipient
Jan Solomon 73
Paul Levenson '52 receives a
University Alumni
Leadership Award from
President Samuel O. Thier
Award from New York
University Medical School
and last year was
president of the American
Society for Virology.
Letty Cottin Pogrebin '59, a
leading author, lecturer and
political activist, was a
founding editor of Ms.
magazine and a cofounder of
the National Women's
Political Caucus. She is also
national cochair of
Americans for Peace Now,
the U.S. branch of the Israeli
Peace Now movement. Her
seventh book, Deborah.
Golda and Me. published in
Young Leadership Award
recipient Risa Beth Glaser '85
(above) and 1992 Service to
Association Award recipient
Jonathan Margolis '67 (right)
available in paperback. Other
works include Among
Friends. Family Politics.
Growing Up Free and How
to Make It in a Man 's World.
She is the recipient of many
awards including an Emmy
for her work on Free to Be.
You and Me: a Poynter
Fellowship at Yale
University; the Eleanor
Roosevelt Humanitarian
Award of State of Israel
Bonds; and the Award of
Honor of the National
Council on Family Relations.
Seung-il Shin '64, Ph.D. '68
was a Wien International
Scholar and the first Gillette
Fellow to receive the Ph.D.
degree from Brandeis. His
research includes the
development and
manufacture of vaccines as
well as therapeutic biological
products and antibiotics
through genetic engineering
and huitLchnology. From
1972-1985 Shin was
professor of genetics at the
Albert Einstein College of
Medicine at Yeshiva
University in the Bronx. In
1979 he was a visiting
professor of microbiology at
Seoul National University in
Korea. He was a research
fellow at the University of
Leiden in The Netherlands, a
member scientist of the Basel
Institute for Immunology in
Switzerland and a visiting
scientist at the National
Institute for Medical
Research in London. He has
been honored with a Faculty
Research Award of the
American Cancer Society.
Shin was the founding
president of Eugene Tech
International Inc., and is
50 Brandeis Review
lUB wm 111 HI ■ I ■
Seung-il Shin '64. Ph.D. '68.
(above) Bernard Fields '58,
(top right) and Letty Cottin
Pogiebin '59 (bottom right)
received the Alumni
Achievement Awards
presently on leave serving as
senior health advisor to the
United Nations
Development Program.
For their exemplary and
sustained volunteer
leadership, devotion and
commitment to service on
behalf of Brandeis
University, President Thier
presented University Alumni
Leadership Awards to Paul
Levenson '52 and Jan
Solomon '73. They join
previous recipients Gustav
Ranis '52, Stephen R. Reiner
'61, Paula Resnick '61 and
Milton Wallack '65.
Paul Levenson '52, Esq. is a
longtime Trustee of the
University and partner in the
law firm of Davis, Malm,
D'Agostine in Boston.
Author of the Brandeis alma
mater, a former president
of the Alumni Association
and chair of numerous
committees on both boards,
he has contributed
philanthropically and
intellectually to the welfare
of the University,
providing institutionally-
oriented leadership.
Jan Solomon '73 has been
involved with the Alumni
Association in every role,
from local board member to
chapter president, member-
at-large and vice president of
the Alumni Association,
active participant in the
Alumni Annual Fund
Leadership Cabinet and chair
of her class's Reunions. She
juggles these activities as
well as a career as budget
analyst for the Department
of Education and mother of
two young children.
Bruce B. Litwer '61, president
of the Brandeis University
Alumni Association,
presented the Association's
first Young Leadership
Award to Risa Beth Glaser
'85 for devotion and
allegiance to her alma mater
and its 1992 Service to
Association Award to
Jonathan Margolis '67 for his
many years of leadership on
the Alumni Association
board of directors.
Glaser was active in alumni
affairs even before she
graduated from Brandeis,
chairing her senior class gift
effort and representing the
students on the Alumni
Association board of
directors in her senior year.
An elected member-at-large
of the board of directors,
Glaser presently coordinates
a new Tribute Card Program
initiative to raise revenues
for the Association. Since
graduation, she has served as
president of the Long Island
chapter, for which she was
cochair of several successful
Sachar Scholarship events. In
addition, she has been
associate vice chair of the
Young Leadership Society of
the Alumni Annual Fund
and served as a member of
her class's fifth Reunion
committee. She has been a
member of the Alumni
Admissions Council since
her graduation, as well as a
class agent and member of
the Career Resource Bank of
the Hiatt Career
Development Center.
Margolis, a Fellow of the
University since 1987 and
former President's Councilor,
has served the Alumni
Association in many roles for
nearly a quarter of a century,
having been elected to two
terms as a member-at-large,
two terms as vice president
and one as a Presidential
appointee. As a member of
the Alumni Annual Fund
Leadership Cabinet, he has
served as vice chair for cash
collection and on several key
University, association and
chapter committees.
Judith Rothenberg Feldstein
'63, one of last year's
recipients of the Alumni
Admissions Council Award
(AAC), along with her
husband, Ed Feldstein '61,
presented this year's AAC
awards to Harriet Becker
Jedeikin '53 and Ruth
Weinstein Friedman '69, Esq.
for their outstanding work in
interviewing and attracting
young persons from
Westchester County and
New Jersey to apply to
Brandeis. Jedeikin has been
active on the Alumni
Association Board of
Directors and in the
Westchester chapter for
many years. Friedman is a
vice president and former
treasurer of the New Jersey
chapter as well as chair of
the AAC for that area.
51 Winter 1993
Alumni College and
Reunion '93 Set for
May 21-23
Association Ballot
Changes for 1993
Wien Scholars Plan
35th Anniversary
Alumni College '93, "Inquiry
and Imagination," is slated as
the kickoff Reunion event on
May 21, 1993 for the classes
of 1953, 1958, 1963 and
1968. Alumni College '93
will provide a daylong
academic adventure with
outstanding Brandeis faculty.
As a special pre-Reunion
event this year, a block of
tickets has been reserved for
a performance of the pop
musical Forever Plaid at
Boston's Park Plaza Hotel on
Thursday, May 20, at 8 pm.
Alumni who wish to receive
more information about
Forever Plaid or Alumni
College '93 should contact
the Office of Alumni
Relations, Brandeis
University, PO Box 9110,
Waltham, MA 02254-91 10.
At its October meeting, the
Alumni Association board of
directors voted to present a
single slate of officers and
executive committee
members to the membership,
while presenting contested
elections for four member-at-
large positions. The
candidates and their
qualifications and statements
will appear in the March
issue of the Brandeis Alumni
Connection. Alumni should
watch for the ballot that will
appear as part of a
return envelope enclosed in
that issue.
The Wien International
Scholarship Program will
celebrate the 35th
anniversary of its inception
on October 1-3, 1993. Wien
scholars from around the
world will be returning to
campus for a weekend of
both alumni and Wien-
focused events with an
international flavor that will
coincide with Homecoming
and Reunion for members of
the Reunion classes of 1973,
1978, 1983 and 1988.
Minority Alumni
Network Reunion
Kofi Gyasi '79 presents
President Samuel O. Thier
with a mock check for
$2,000 from the Minority
Alumni Network, the
amount collected at the time
of the Reunion for a gift to
the Intercultural Center
^1cnlbers of the Mmority
lumni Network Reunion
I '( nnmittee met during
Founders' Day weeked,
mcluding, left to right. Ralph
Martin II '74, Evelyn Tate
'77, Norma Sanchez-
Figueroa '84, Joseph Perkins
'66, Kofi Gyasi '79, Barbara
Waters '77 and Marsha
fackson 79. The group made
contribution to the
University to support the
new Intercultural Center
and honored Ralph Martin II
74 district attorney of
Suffolk County. MA. and
Luis Orlando Isaza '69,
director of Social Services,
Springfield. MA, with special
recognition awards.
Brandeis Review
Class Notes
Due to an unprecedented volume
of class notes submitted last fall,
not every note was able to be
printed in this issue. If it does not
appear here, watch for your item ir
the spring issue of the Brandeis
Review. -Ed. Note.
'53
Dr. Norman Diamond, Class
Correspondent, 240 Kendrick
Street, Newton, MA 02158
Rosalie Insoft Clebnik and her
husband, Allan, have been
operatmg the family business,
ARC Alarm Systems of Newton,
MA, for over 25 years and report
that they and their two children
and two grandchildren are doing
well. She says that their daughter,
Marcy Clebnik Kornreich '78,
provided them the nicest gift by
graduating from Brandeis. Natalie
Hittner Coch lives in New York
City, works for Beekman Travel
Service and can't believe it has
really been 40 years since
graduation. Theresa Belle Danley
received her M.A. in English from
Columbia University and taught
for several years while taking
classes in continuing education.
She lives in Washington, DC, and
does volunteer work at Walter
Reed Hospital. Norman Diamond,
D.M.D. has been practicing
orthodontics for 30 years and is an
assistant professor of orthodontics
at Tufts University Dental School.
He is also vice president of the
Massachusetts Dental Society.
Rhonda Lemelman Factor,
education director of Temple Beth
Emunah Religious School m
Brockton, MA, reports that her
daughter, Heidi Factor '91, was
graduated from Brandeis. She and
her husband, Eli Factor '52,
celebrated their 40th anniversary
and arc cninvmg their first
grandLhiKl ^l^hu.l lune Caplan
Gordon «Mikst..i tin. president
marketing at HNV Systems, Inc.,
an envirotech company that
manufactures products that
monitor the environment. Joan A.
Greenberger Gurgold works with
authors and publishers as office
manager and assistant to the
president of a literary agency. She
enjoys tennis, skiing and reading,
as well as spending time with her
three grandchildren, ages 4 to 12.
She looks forward to retiring and
seeing the world. Herman W.
Hemingway is a tenured full
professor and former department
chair at the University of
Massachusetts at Boston and a
faculty associate at the William H.
Trotter Institute, as well as the
director of a UMass continuing
education program in paralegal
studies. In his spare time he serves
as director of an irmer-city youth
program called Street Lawyers. He
and his wife, Barbara, have two
daughters in whose Boston law
firm he works part-time. Adele
Segal Levenson is a corporate
customer service specialist for
BayBank as well as an active
volunteer at Temple Beth Am in
Randolph. MA, serving as
president from 1987-89 and chair
of the board of directors from
1989-91. She and her husband, Al,
have four daughters and live in
Randolph. Audrey Rogovin
Madans is president-elect nt the
board of directors tor the
Blumenthal Jewish Home m
Clemmons, NC, and a member of
the board of directors of Temple
Israel in Charlotte, NC. She was a
radio talk show host from 1979 to
19S6:,nMrnnr,nnr. tohca
Tlh 111 uspaper. He
and hi- ',M!. [;i>lv .clehrated their
.^4th aiini\ers.ii\' List August and
still reside in the Boston area.
Peter H. Metzger is a publicist,
essayist and author who has
written extensively in the areas of
atomic energy and the
environment. He was the former
science editor of the Denver Rocky
Movntdin NL■\v^^ and has served as
for the Public Service Company of
Colorado. Ho is the author of The
Atomic Establishment and has
served as a member of the
governor of Colorado's State
Health Planning Council, the
board of directors of Wildlife 2000
and the Colorado Defense Council,
as well as appeared in Miirquis
Who's Who. He lives in Boulder,
CO, IS married to Frances
Windham and has four children,
lohn, lames, Lisa and Suzanne.
Elliot Morrison is practicing child
and adolescent psychiatry with his
wife, Marlene, who is a
psychologist, Frances Shapiro
Nadash is director of mental
health for Prince George's County,
MD, She and her husband, Peter
Nadash '54, celebrated their 37th
anniversary. They both remain
politically active, enjoy traveling
and report that their three children
are doing well. Barbara Koral
Raisner retired from college
teaching and is a sales
representative and educational
consultant for Charlesbridge
Publishing of Watertown, MA. She
also volunteers her time by
helping produce recorded books for
the blind at the New York Public
Library and by playing four-hand
piano duet recitals for local
nursing homes. She has spent time
traveling and admits to being an
"opera nut." After being widowed
for several years, Naomi Sack-
Sogoloff IS remarried and teaching
Hebrew in Pittsburch ]\\ Barbara
Dephoure Shapiro li.is bcni
married 38 ve.iis in -\in,ikl tliev
imhti
. Shapii
Al.l
Wish Ih -h I I l.-.|-ii,il m Mt. Kisco,
NY Heandhiswite, Jane, have
been married 21 years and have a
son in college and a daughter
heading in that direction. Rozelin
Berger Spielman is director of the
Flint Memorial Library in North
Reading, MA, and grandmother of
three. '
'54
Sydney Rose Abend, Class
Correspondent, 304 Concord Road,
Wayland, MA 01778
Robert L. Samuels, CEO of The
Leo Baeck Education Center in
Haifa, Israel, and headmaster of
Leo Bacck's high school, is coach
of the Israel national Softball team
that IS preparing for the 14th
World Maccabiah Games in July
1993.
'55
Judith Paull Aronson, Class
Corresponderit, 767 South Windsor
Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90005
Avis Horwitz Lampert has opened
her own company. Price Lampert
Associates, Inc., in Framingham,
IVLA, specializing in marketing
communications and corporate
event planning.
'56
Leona Feldman Curhan, Class
Correspondent, 6 Tide Winds
Terrace, Marblehead, MA 0194S
Rabbi David L. Blumenfeld, Ph.D.
is director of the Department of
Services to Affiliated
Congregations at the United
Synagogue of Conservative
Judaism in New York City and
adjunct professor of Judaic studies
at C.W. Post. He lives in New
Rochelle with his wife. Dr. Frances
Blumenfeld. He holds a master of
Hebrew literature degree, a doctor
of divinity Honoris Causa from
the Jewish Theological Seminary
and a museum studies
'sf"
Wynne Wolkenberg Miller, Class
Correspondent, 14 Larkspur Road,
Waban, MA 02168
Diana Kurz illustrated the 1992
publication of Mother Massage: A
Handbook for Rcheving the
Discomforts of Pregnancy. Sy
Raboy is executive vice president
of Sun Financial Services in
Wellesley Hills, MA.
'58
Allan W. Drachman, Class
Correspondent, 1 1 5 Mayo Road,
Welle
MA 021
Mindy Horowitz opened The
Dinner Theater in Hamlin, PA,
with Nunsense. Founder and
director of The Hideout Players,
she has worked with many
community theaters, and recently
played the Mother Superior in
Nunsense at the Carbondale, PA,
Repertory Theater. Peter Ranis,
Rabbi David Bh
Peter R
York College and the Graduate
School and University Center of
the City University of New York,
has published Argentine Workers:
Pcronism and Contemporary
Class Consciousness, a study of
working class politics and Marxist
theory. Gerald B. Segel is
executive vice president of Reed
Exhibition Companies, the
Newton, MA, based organizer of
trade shows and public events. He
and his wife, Roberta, reside in
Boston and have three children,
the youngest of whom was
graduated from college and is
pursuing an M.B.A.
53 Winter 1993
'61
luiiith Leavitt Schatz, Class
Correspondent, 139 Cumberland
Road, Leominster, MA 01453
Stephen E. Bluestone won second
prize m the 1991 Robert Penn
Warren Poetry Competition. The
competition was sponsored by the
Cumberland Poetry Review,
which published his long poem,
"Three Anatomists," in its fall
issue. Elisabeth D. Jordan is in an
M.A./Ph.D. program at the
University of California at Santa
Barbara and is vice president of
academic affairs for the Graduate
Student Association.
'64
Rochelle A. Wolf, Class
Correspondent, 1 13 Naudain
Street, Philadelphia, PA 19477
Elizabeth Klein Benjamin is
minister of religious education at
the First Unitarian Congregation
of Ottawa. She has a son, a
daughter and two lovely
grandsons, continues to en)oy
singing, has taken up cross-
country skiing and lives very
happily with her partner of three
years, Margaret. Joyce L.
Bromberger received her Ph.D. in
psychiatric epidemiology in 1990
at the University of Pittsburgh.
She completed a postdoctoral
fellowship in alcohol
epidemiology, and is senior
MacAithur fellow in the
department of psychiatry at the
University of Pittsburgh. Barbara
Hayes Buell married Paul Langner,
a reporter for the Boston Globe, in
December 1990. She continues to
defend health care professionals in
medical malpractice lawsuits for
her law firm, Bloom and Buell.
Ellen Wittenberg Greist performs
for children as a folksinger,
storyteller and drama educator,
and works as a visiting artist m
New Haven schools, creating
participatory pageants and plays.
She and her husband also operate
Mill River Valley Gardens, an
organic farm organized as
community supported agriculture.
Their children are Jesse, 17, and
Arjnna, 13. Rae Nemiroff
Gurewitsch reports that her son,
Steven, was graduated from
Brandeis in 1989, the year of her
25th reunion. Her daughter, Anne,
was class of '91, and married
Samuel Schwartz '89 in June 1991.
Her nephew, Alexander Nemiroff,
is Class of '95. Brandeis is getting
to be a family habit! Sharon
Herson is enjoying her family, her
job and occasional travel. She says
she would like to hear from some
classmates, "You know who you
are..." Alan E. Katz of the New
York City law firm of Greenfield,
Eisenberg, Stein & Senior, was
elected to the board of directors of
NorCrown Bank in Roseland, New
Jersey. Sharon Korson Kirshenblat
works with active older adults as
director of a social recreational
center for senior citizens. She has
lived in Toronto for 22 years, is
married to a Canadian, has three
children aged 26, 22 and 12, and
became a Canadian citizen 12
years ago. She says she loves living
in Canada and will probably stay
there forever. David A. Levinson is
enjoying life practicing
dermatology north of San
Francisco in the wine country.
Last winter when he returned to
Boston for a visit with his son,
Steve, he saw old Brandeis friends
Paul N. Levenson '64 and Peter
Loewinthan '65. He sends regards
to all Brandeis alums and chums!
Stuart Paris is president of a newly
formed company, Copeland
Benefits Management Company,
and continues as president of Paris
International Corporation. His son,
Jason Paris '92, is enrolled in
Fordham School of Law. He is also
the father of Gail, age 1 7, and
Michael, age 9. Arnie Reisman
reports that it was wonderful to
reconnect in Maryland with his
freshman roommate, JWaurice
Roumani, after 22 years. Roumani
is back in Israel and they plan to
keep in touch by fax and E-mail.
Reisman is working on a novel, a
children's book, a stage play, a
screenplay and a book on scams
with his wife, Paula Lyons,
consumer editor of ABC's "Good
Morning America." They have lust
enjoyed their 10th summer
together on Martha's Vineyard.
Gloria Tambor Smith is working
as a social worker for Children's
Aid and Adoption Society where
she is primarily involved in
arranging reunions between
adoptees and their birth parents.
She and her husband, Paul, spent
two weeks touring Israel in August
with their daughter, Laurie, age 13,
who celebrated her Bat Mitzvah on
Massada and their son, Adam, age
16, who worked at an
archaeological dig at a kibbutz.
Burt Strug reports that his
daughter Kerri, age 14, was the
youngest American on the United
States Olympic gymnastics team
and won a bronze medal. Murray I.
Suid published How to be
President of the USA-, a book of
activities, facts, quizzes and
checklists that aims to put would-
be White House dwellers ages 8
and up into the President's shoes.
In addition, a small film company
took an option on his screenplay.
"Love Code," and he is continuing
work on a nonfiction book for kids
entitled Horrible Wonders. Shelly
Wolf went back to school several
years ago for an M.B.A. in
management information systems
and IS a technology officer in a
large regional bank helping people
and computers understand each
other. Three years ago, she married
David Woods, a publisher, medical
writer and "altogether great guy."
In addition to all these new riches,
she recently became the proud
grandmother of a wonderful baby
boy named Sam, assumed the
presidency of the Philadelphia
chapter of the Alumni Association
and reports that life is grand.
'66
Kenneth E. Davis, Class
Correspondent, 28 Mary Chilton
Road, Needham, MA 02192
Margery Sager Cohen was
appointed executive director of the
Pasadena Pops Orchestra in
Pasadena, CA. Sociologist,
gerontologist and author, Ruth
Harriet Jacobs, Ph.D. published We
Speak for Peace, a collection of the
words of those who fear and hate
war and love and work for peace.
The book contains responses to
classified ads that she placed in
periodicals subscribed to by poets
lor reactions to the Persian Gulf
war.
'67
Anne Reilly Hort, Class
Correspondent, 4600 Livingston
Avenue, Riverdale, NY 10471
Charles Siegel is a tenured
associate professor in the
department of theatre and film at
the University of British Columbia
m Vancouver. He is married, has
two teenage daughters and
continues to work as a professional
actor, performing in Henry IV. Part
1 at the University and principal
roles in over 20 network television
shows. He directed British
premieres of two Canadian plays
— Toronto. Mississippi by loan
MacLeod and Homework for Men
by John Lazarus. He was invited to
the Royal Shakespeare Company's
Fringe Festival as a guest artist,
where he taught a one-day acting
workshop. He also introduced the
work of five Canadian playwrights
to Britain.
lay R, Kaufman, Class
Correspondent, One Childs Road,
Lexington, MA 02 1 73
Jane Loebl Adlin is working at the
Metropolitan Museum in a
curatorial position in 20th-century
design and architecture. She lives
in New York with her husband
and two children, Jesse, age 16, and
Kate, age 12. After nearly nine
years at Shawmut Bank, Marsha
Davis Andelman has joined
Fidelity Investments in Boston as
vice president of operations. She
continues to serve on the
Combined Jewish Philanthropies
scholarship board and enjoys
travel, attending the theater,
concerts and walking. Linda J.
Baker moved to Amherst, MA, in
1987 and is a family therapist,
specializing in sexual abuse cases
at Franklm/Hampshire
Communitv Mcnt.il Health
Center In .uklitmn, sIk' is
psychology at the University of
Massachusetts, Amherst, and is
the mother of two children, Ben,
age 15, and Anna, age 11. Bonnie
Baskin is a free-lance copywriter
and travel writer for newspapers
and magazines and has been an
avid traveler for 25 years,
principally in Asia. In 1988, she
married Bob Acker '66 in India at
the Taj Mahal, which won them a
prize in the San Francisco Bay
Guardian's best alternative
wedding contest. She is also
completing prerequisite courses for
applying to graduate school in art
conservation. Debbie M. Bolan has
been a practicing attorney for 18
years, was the first woman elected
president of the Lawrence, MA,
Bar Association and the first
woman chair of the New England
Commercial Law League. She lives
in Andover, MA, and is the mother
of two sons, both of whom have
graduated from college. In addition
to having a private practice, Arthur
E. Brawer, M.D. is director of
rheumatology at Monmouth
Medical Center in Long Branch,
NI, and assistant clinical professor
of medicine at Hahnemann
University in Philadelphia, PA and
at the Robert Wood Johnson
School of Medicine in New
Brunswick, NJ. He is also
conducting clinical research on
silicon breast implants and
connective tissue diseases and is
past president of the New Jersey
Rheumatism Association. He and
his wife, Carol, have two children,
Michael, age 21, and Michelle, age
18, and reside in Ocean, NJ. Laura
R. Chasen is a trade and foreign
policy analyst in Washington, DC,
while her husband, Richard
Cohen, is an economist. They live
with their "irrepressibly
exuberant" 3-year-old son,
Gregory, in North Bethesda, MD.
Arthur Chernoff, M.D. practices
endocnnolgy in Philadelphia, PA,
and lives in Rydal, PA, with his
wife, Marcia, and daughters, Lisa,
age 16, and Rachel, age 9. He says
that he realizes how fast the years
Brandeis Review
News Notes
are moving and that he won't have
time for a mid-life crisis. Jack K.
Feirman is a partner at Kronish,
Lieb, Weiner & Hellman,
concentrating in real estate and
bank lending. He and h.s wife,
Jane, havr <w>' s.mi^ inn.ithan, age
16, and I" I ■' ■ ' I lindaS.
Feldman m.aneyfor
the piL'^ivDn.', iii^i h . "I ilic
Caliturni.i (nh DiMiict State Court
of Appeal. She and her husband,
Michael O'Reilley, have three
children, Melissa, age 13, Isaac, age
11, and Sharon, age 10. Michele L.
Foster is associate professor of
African American studies at the
University of California at Davis
and the recipient of a
Distinguished Scholar Award for
early career achievement from the
Standing Committee on the Role
and Status of Minorities in
Educational Research of the
American Educational Research
Association. In addition, she has
had articles published in Language
in Society, Journal of Education
and the National Women's
Association Journal. Ann Garelick
Garick lives in Andover, MA, with
husband, Rich, a restauranteur,
daughter, Sarah, age 12, and son.
Josh, age 10, and works as an
elementary school guidance
counselor. She says her elective
Bat Mitzvah in June is her latest
and most exciting
accomplishment. Lynn Goldsmith
Goldberg and her husband,
Lawrence, own Insty Prints of
Bedford, Inc., a commercial quick
printing company in which she
does graphic design and
typesetting as well as bookkeeping
and office management. They live
in Bedford, NH, and have three
children, Joel, age 20, Corey, age
17, and Andrew, age 12. David S.
Greenwald, Ph.D. is team
psychologist for the Philadelphia
Eagles, cofounder of the
Crossroads Center for Psychiatry
and Psychology in Doylestown,
PA, and has a psychotherapy
practice in center city
Philadelphia. He has also
coauthored No Reason to Talk
About It: Families Confront the
Nuclear Taboo. He and his wife
and colleague, Wendy Forman, live
in Carversville, PA, and have two
children, Abraham, age 16, and
Anna, age 12, both of whom have
acted professionally at the Bucks
County Playhouse. Samuel C.
Heilman is a professor of sociology
at Queens College of the City
University of New York and
author of seven books. He and his
wife, Ellin Kaufman '69, have four
sons and have spent much of the
last 12 years shuttling back and
forth from Jerusalem. He also
notes that he has begun work on a
book about American Jews. Rabbi
Ronald Kronish is writing a book,
Israel: A Jewish State of the Jews.
based upon his educational,
administrative and personal
experience in Israel where he has
hved for the past 13 years since
making aliyah in 1979. He also
teaches at Tel Aviv University and
serves as the chair of the
Interreligious Coordinating
Council in Israel. Roberta Marke
Hunter lives in Brooklyn, NY,
with her husband. Bill, and two
children, David, age 13, and Julie,
age 7. She is a dean and an adjunct
professor at Kingsborough
Community College where she
teaches 20th-century humanities
as well as an EnglisJi teacher at
Clara Barton High School. Sarah
"Andi" Roberts John received her
certificate as an emergency
medical specialist, diplomate of
the American Board of Emergency
Medicine, in May 1991. She
celebrated the accomplishment
with fellow Brandeisians Freddi
Lipstein and Anne Cauman '59.
After 15 years as founding director
of an 18-college environmental
studies consortium. Jay R.
Kaufman and his wife, Cathy, are
launching a consulting practice in
planning for and managing change
in the public sector, educational
institutions and businesses. They
hope the practice will be as
rewarding as their home life with
sons Noah, age 8, Kenneth, age 4,
and Marc, age 18. Mark Kravitz
practices law in Philadelphia and
has been involved in a variety of
activities, including helping to
start several businesses. He is
divorced and lives with three very
nice cats. Robert B. Lamm is a
corporate secretary at Chief
Securities Counsel, W.R. Grace &
Co. He lives with his wife, Carol,
and three daughters, Becky, Ruth
and Liz, in Boca Raton, FL. Rick
Lemberg is teaching at a public
alternative elementary school in
Seattle and enjoying life with his
wife and two children, ages 10 and
14. A design submitted by Mark
Simon and his associate, Mahdad
Saniec, was .singled nut for special
recogniticii! bv ilic t'niinecticut
Societv.it AilHiicUs, the
statewide tliaptci nl the American
Institute of Architects, in the
category of unbuilt projects. The
design was for a small, visually
provocative house with a tower on
a lot adjacent to the rolling fields
of a nature preserve in the Boston
suburb of Wayland. Lawrence P.
Temkin lives in Tucson, Arizona
with his wife, Barbara, and their
children, Joshua, age 16, and
Deborah, age 7. He is chief of
cardiology at St. Mary's Hospital
and maintains a private practice in
diagnostic, invasive and
lectures nationally on
cardiovascular medicine and
therapeutics for the Pfizer
Pharmaceutical Corporation.
'69
|o Anne Chernev Adlerstein, Class
Correspondent, 76 Glenview Road,
South Orange, NJ 07079
Fumihiko Adachi is married, has
two children, teaches development
entitkJ \ ., i ■ ' :':' "ii\- m
Figui. II, In.,,, I, I \nkerisa
prott-.- iJ
immiyi.ii hMi l,i\, ,,1 I l,n\-.ird Law
School and diiectoi ut the
Immigration and Refugee Program,
which helps students working in
legal services gain experience in
immigration and refugee
representation. She also received
the American Immigration
Laviryers Association Edith M.
Lowensteen Memorial Award for
excellence in advanced practice of
immigration law. Donald W.
Aptekar, M.D. has been in a
Denver, CO, private practice of
obstetrics and gynecology for 15
years and is a member of the
Rocky Mountain Regional
Advisory Board of the
Environmental Defense Fund and
the Rocky Mountain Planned
Parenthood Board. He is married to
Harriet Meyer and has two
children, Jacob and Noah. Howard
B. Beckman, M.D. moved to
Rochester, NY, in 1990 to become
chief of medicine at Highland
Hospital and associate professor of
medicine at the University of
Rochester School of Medicine and
Dentistry. His research focuses on
doctor/patient communication,
specifically the use of empathy and
the role of communication in
malpractice. He and his wife, Ellen
Leopold, have been married seven
years and have three daughters.
After 22 years in the movie
business as a cinematographer and
businessman, Benjamin Blake has
changed careers and become a
lawyer. He received his J.D. degree
in January 1992 and is a member of
the Massachusetts, New York and
District of Columbia bars, and a
candidate for an L.L.M. in banking
law at Boston University and a
master's in economics at
Northeastern University. His wife,
Josette, manages Neptune Lobster,
a retail and wholesale seafood
business in downtown Boston.
They have two children, Annabelle
and Alexandra. J. Michael Brounoff
received his J.D. from the
University of Texas and is a
member of the bar of the Supreme
Court of the United States, the
United States 5th Circuit Court of
Appeals, the United States District
Court for the northern and eastern
districts of Texas, the United
What have you been doing
lately' Let the alumni office
know. We invite you to submit
articles, photos (black and
white photos are preferred) and
news that would be of interest
to your fellow classmates to;
Office of Alumni Relations
Brandeis University
P.O. Box 91 10
Waltham, MA 02254-91 10
Brandeis Degree and Class Year
Please check here if address is
different from mailing label.
Demographic News
(Marriages, Births)
If you know of any alumni whc
are not receiving the Brandeis
Review, please let us know.
Brandeis Degree and Class Year
Work
Due to space limitations, we
usually are unable to print lists
of classmates who attend each
other's weddings or other
functions. News of marriages
and births are included in
separate listings by class.
States District Court o( the
western district of Wisconsin, and
the states of Wisconsin and Texas.
He is director and shareholder of
the Dallas firm of Bird &. Skibell,
P.C, vice chair of the City of
Irving, TX, Planning and Zoning
Commission, member of the City
of Irving Capital Bond
Improvement Committee and
chair of the Marino, Italy,
Committee of Irving Sister Cities.
He enjoys cooking and classical
piano, and he and his wife, Martha
Jane, have one son, David, age 9.
Wendy Caplin is video editor for
"The Real American Cowboy," a
series of commercials on the
Discovery Channel aimed at
keeping kids off of drugs. After
many years of working as a reading
teacher and special education
teacher in the Massachusetts
school system, Sara Kantor
d'Anjou joined the faculty of
Newbury College, Brookline, MA,
in September 1 99 1. As academic
resource specialist, she runs the
college's tutoring center, training
peer tutors and consulting with
faculty and administration on
issues relating to students'
academic achievement. She lives
in Norfolk, MA, with her husband,
Peter, and their son, Alex, who
started first grade in the fall.
Robert L. Elk, M.D. is a practicing
physician in Phoenix, AZ, where
he and his wife have lived happily
for the past 10 years. Robert B.
Feingold is a partner in the New
Bedford, MA, business and civil
litigation law firm of Braudy,
Bently and Feingold. Bernard M.
Gerber M.D. is associate medical
director at the Center for
Psychiatric Medicine, and lives in
Houston with his wife, Carol, and
children, Sarah, age 16, and Jacob,
age 14. He will assume the
position of president-elect of the
Texas Society of Psychiatric
Physicians in May 1993. He also
is active in the Alumni
Admissions Council in Houston.
Henci Harman Goer is a childbirth
educator and free-lance writer,
having written for Reader's Digest,
American Baby and Baby Talk
magazines. She is working on a
book based on medical literature
entitled What Your Obstetrician
Thinks He Knows Can Hurt You.
She and her husband live in
Sunnyvale, CA, and have three
children, Awan, age 1 7, Elana, age
14, and Sarah, age 6. Kenneth A.
Greene reports that son, Avi,
completed a year on Nativ, the
United Synagogues one-year study/
work program in Israel, and
entered Brandeis University in the
fall. Renee Oshinsky Gruenwald is
a special education teacher in the
South Orange/Maplewood, NJ,
schools and chair of the
negotiations committee of the
local union. She was also named in
the 1992-93 edition of Who's Who
in American Education. Her
husband, Latty Gruenwald, M.D.
'67, is a pediatrician in private
practice. They have two daughters,
Kate, ,1 freshman in college, and
';,,!. Ill .1 uiiiiMi 111 high school.
Iliul., Ki-riili.iuiii Meeker and
I, ■ 1 kicin.ilthe
H,,,ii.i. I.I i,:v. IS, tv English
depjitmcnt .iru collaborating on a
joint project developing
experimental strategies for
teaching college writing to
students who learn in a visual/
spatial or motor/kinesthetic
manner. While Professor Klein
conducts her work at Brandeis,
Hecker is involved in the project at
Landmark College in Vermont, the
nation's only college exclusively
for high potential dyslexic or
learning disabled students.
Kingsley Ihendacho Ikpe returned
to Thomas Kingley Securities
Limited as president and chief
executive officer following the end
of his national assignment as
managing director and chief
executive officer of Nigeria-Arab
Bank Limited, a Federal
Government of Nigeria
commercial banking joint venture
with Arab Bank Pic. of Amman,
Jordan Julia Irizarry-Bhasin lives
with her husband, Keval '68, and
three sons in Westfield, NY. luUa
received her Ed.D. in 1990 from
Teachers College, Columbia
University. Neil B. Kauffman, his
wife, Barbara Drebing, and sons,
Alex, age 4, and Brian, age 7, have
moved to Swarthmore, PA, after 15
years living in downtown
Philadelphia. They both continue
as partners and registered
investment advisors at Kauffman
& Drebing. Dattatreya V. Kulkarni
IS a retired professor of social work
from the University of Alabama.
He is presently engaged in research
on his own. Jonathan Landau
heads Jon Landau Management,
Inc., which manages rock star,
Bruce Springsteen. He lives in Rye,
NY, with his wife, Barbara
Downey Landau, and two children,
Kate, age 7, and Charles, age 5.
Ann-Sofie H. Lehtinen is a
psychologist, specializing in brief,
solution-centered therapy at an
open care mental health office in
Finland. She is married to Juhani
Lehtinen and they have two
daughters, ages 7 and 6 years old.
Susan Levin completed a doctorate
in counseling psychology at the
University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, and has moved to
Israel to work on a post-doctoral
research project with autistic
children at the Hadassah-Uizo
Canada Research Institute in
Jerusalem. Gregory Medis, M.D.
practices medical oncology at
journal Monroe Clinic in Monroe,
WI. He and his wife, Anne O'Brien
'73, have three children, Luke, age
6, Abby, age 8, and Jacob, age 12.
When not traveling with his wife,
Myra, in Europe, Asia and Israel,
Charles J. Novogrodsky is a
consultant to the government on
race/culture and other equity
issues. Gregory Prestcpino is
married to actress Carol Locatell
and IS a songwriter/producer living
in Los Angeles and New York.
Some of his songs have been
recorded by Natalie Cole, Patti
LaBelle, Bette Midler and Celine
Dion. Nicholas S. Rabkin is senior
program officer for the arts and
culture at the John D. & Catherine
T. MacArthur Foundation. He
produced Sylvia 's Real Good
Advice, a musical comedy that
won a Jefferson Award for best
new work of 1991 in Chicago. In
addition, he served seven years as
deputy commissioner of cultural
affairs for the City of Chicago
under Harold Washington and his
successors, Kristin Robie is in her
Nicholas i Rabk
third year of medical school at
Bowman Gray Medical School and
IS looking forward to returning to
New York to practice medicine,
most likely in the area of
gastroenterology. Richard F.
Rockiord is an antique dealer in
Clarence, NY, specializing in
architectural items such as tower
clocks and dials, art deco lighting,
folk art, American Indian art and
the decorative objects of Louis
Sullivan, Louis Tiffany and Frank
Lloyd Wright. He and his wife,
Carol Moyer Rockiord, have one
child, Noah, age 8. Ralph
Rosenberg, M.D., is involved with
a general medical practice and
writing computer programs in
Vermont David E. Safir, M.D. is a
pediatrician in private practice.
Between he and his wife, Carole,
they have three daughters, Shane,
age 19, Jessica, age 4, Sarah, age 2,
and two sons, Dylan, age 16, and
Ryan, age 10. Michael A. Sandberg,
associate professor of
ophthalmology at Howard Medical
School, is married to Louise Brady
Sandberg '70 and has two children,
Robin Elizabeth, 14, and Matthew
Adam, 7. Janet S. Schmidt, M.D. is
a family practitioner in Aurora,
CO, and lives in Denver with her
husband, Frank Uttieri. Janet E.
Shapiro and her husband, Phillip
Byrd, own Brandenburg
Productions, a video production
company. Some of their projects
include The Oak Ridge Boys and
Emmy Lou Harris in concert,
"Robert Shaw: Preparing a
Masterpiece" for Camegie Hall,
"B.B. King Live at the Apollo" for
public television and "Lake
Wobegon Loyalty Days," a
Garrison Keillor special, for the
Disney Channel. Ellen Short-
Goldin has a M.S.W., is teaching
religious school, active in the PTO
and involved in both the secular
and Jewish community activities
in Wayne, NJ. She and her
husband, Michael, have 9-year-old
twins, Laura and Mark. Matjotie
Pearl Shriberg is a retirement plan
administrator in Cincinnati, OH,
where she lives with her husband,
Art, a professor of management at
Xavier University, and three sons,
David, age 19, Michael, age 16, and
Steven, age 12. She is a board
member on the Cincinnati
Council for Soviet Jews and is vice
president of Women's American
CRT Sadell Zimmern Sloan,
Ph.D. received her master's and
doctorate in psychology from
Geiir,i;ia State University and has
li.id .1 private practice in Atlanta
since 1984. She conducts pre-
employment screenings and
management development training
seminars for businesses,
community groups and
educational organizations. She and
her husband, Alan D. Sloan, have
three children, Ariel, age 14, Elan,
age 10, and AJiza, age 7. Randi
Hereld Stein and David E. Stein
report that their daughter, Mikhal
Stein '92, was graduated cum laude
from Brandeis University in May
1992 while daughter, Maya Stein,
is a junior at Brandeis. Gila Svirsky
lives in Jerusalem and is editor of
Women in Black newsletter, chair
of B'Tselem (advocating human
rights in occupied areas) and is on
the national board of the New
Israel Fund. C. Jeremy Sykes has
begun year seven as
superintendent for i
the Board of Cooperative
Educational Services of Nassau
County, Long Island, NY. He is
responsible for 27 cooperative
instructional enrichment programs
shared among the county's 56
school districts, but fears that
some of the best programs— a
summer arts academy, a marine
biology/oceanography program, a
Brandeis Review
'73
foreign language immersion — may
be phased out. His wife, Susan, has
a new job in public relations while
daughter, Cindy, has begun a
doctoral program in psychology.
Mark D. Szuchman and Lenore
Panzer Szuchman are proud to
report that their daughter, Paula,
entered Brandeis in the fall as a
member of the class of 1996. They
live in Miami, where he is
professor and chair of the history
department at Florida
International University and she is
assistant professor of psychology at
Barry University. Philip M. Tankel
lives in Philadelphia where he and
his wife, Barbara, are
psychologists. His children are
Tamara, age 11, and Elia, age 7.
Sarah Tarko-Rabinowitz is a
trainer and consultant to college
faculty advisors and counselors at
Westchester Community College
in Valhalla, NY. She has two sons,
ages 1 1 and 9, and enjoys living in
New York City and making trips
to upstate New York. ludith S.
Tellerman, Ph.D., a clinical
psychologist widely known for her
rk in teen suicide prevention.
graphic designer doing corporate
collateral materials for many large
companies and as a software
trainer, she has traveled
extensively to locations such as
Australia, Indonesia and the South
Pacific as well as published her
ovra book on software training
entitled Using Aldus PageMaker.
In addition, she became a
Weiser Wendel received her M.A,
from Boston University and M.F.A.
from the University of Iowa, both
in creative writing, and is
completing her third novel. She
and her husband. Dr. Isadore
Wendel, live in North Hollywood,
CA, with their 4-year-old son,
Nathan. She reports that she
recently visited Brandeis and
Boston for the first time in 20
years. Ellen J. Winner has her own
law practice in New York where
she lives with her husband, David,
a legal aid lawyer, and their two
sons, loel, age 7, and Sam, age 4.
Eric Yoffie is vice president of the
has developed a public/private
partnership. Solutions Unlimited
Now (SUN), for groups in which
teens learn to solve their problems
with the help of adult leaders.
Funded primarily through the
Illinois Department of Mental
Health and Developmental
Disabilities, the program has
received support from corporations
and from such well-known stars as
Michael lackson, Bruce
Springsteen and Whitney Houston.
The program is being piloted m
New York, Indiana, Virginia,
Massachusetts and Illinois.
Andrew J. Thurnauer has owned
Spenser's Mystery Bookshop on
Newbury Street in Boston for the
past 10 years David Traktman is a
senior vice president at the Ogilvy
and Mather advertising agency in
New York. Daniel H. Vogel is an
ear, nose and throat surgeon in
Wellesley, MA, and has five
children. Eda A. Warren runs her
own business. Desktop Publishing
Services, Inc., in Chicago. As a
Union of American Hebrew
Congregations and director of the
Commission on Social Action of
Reform ludaism. Marc J. Zaudcrer,
D.M.D. maintains a general
dentistry practice in North
Chelmsford, MA, and was elected
to serve as president of the Central
New England Dental Research
Group for 1993-94. He and his
wife, loan Atlas, an attorney
practicing m Boston, live in
Arlington, MA, with their
daughter, Rachel, age ,S, and
newborn son, Joel.
'71
Mark L. Kaufman, Class
Correspondent, 28 Devens Road,
Swampscott, MA 01907-2014
nder and
IS For
three-
ownei
Learn 1
video,
Jonathan Bark
dimensional media and consulting
services to large corporations,
government agencies and nonprofit
organizations.
'72
Marc L. Eisenstock, Class
Correspondent, Plastics Unlimited
Inc., 80 Winter Street, Worcester,
MA, 01604
Thomas E. Flaherty was appointed
a permanent music faculty
member at Pomona College in
Claremount, CA. A noted cellist
and composer, he appears with the
Almont Ensemble on Klavier
Records' release of his quintet,
"Good Times," on several radio
stations and at colleges and
universities. Steve Vineburg's
book. Method ActoTs: Three
Generations of an American
Acting Style, has won the annual
A. Callaway Prize for the Best
Book on Drama, sponsored by
New York University. Vineburg is
associate professor of theater at the
College of the Holy Cross,
Steven Vmebetg
Worcester, MA. He is working on
another film book. No Surprises.
Please: Movies in the Reagan Era.
Rabbi Avi B. Winokur moved from
the Hartford, CT, area to become
rabbi of the reconstructionist West
End Synagogue on the Upper West
Side of New York City, while his
wife, Susan, is a Ph.D. candidate in
lewish studies at Yale University.
Paula L. Scheer, Class
Correspondent, 133 Park Street,
Brookline, MA 02146
Deborah Gaines is vice president
of portfolio management of small
Shawmut Bank and lives with her
partner, lane Morgenstern, m
Boston, MA, Richard J. Walsh has
Llian.i;ed law firms and is with
I .illitv, Kellev Si McDowell in
M.iiichcster, NH, where he
sjucLilizes in plaintiffs' personal
iiiiurv cases. He and his wife,
Carol, sav that their two sons, R.I.,
3 ' :, and Stephen, I '-2 , are the true
light ot then lives.
'74
Elizabeth Sarason Pfau, Class
Correspondent, 80 Monadnock
Road, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167
Rebecca R. Dersimonian is a
mathematical statistician at the
National Institutes of Health in
Bethesda, MD, and she and her
husband, Gamik Shahiman, are
enjoying their newborn son,
Simon. Superior Court ludge foette
Katz Rubin was nominated by
Connecticut Governor Lowell P.
Weicker Ir. to fill a vacant seat on
the state Supreme Court. If
approved by the General
Assembly, she would be one of the
youngest appointees ever to
Connecticut's highest court and
only the second woman. Lois L.
Krieger was graduated summa cum
laude from Syracuse University
College of Law in May 1992 and is
clerking for the Supreme Court of
New Jersey. Ralph C. Martin II
was appointed District Attorney
for Suffolk County by
Massachusetts Governor William
F, Weld. Previously, he was an
attorney with the Boston firm of
Stern, Shapiro, Rosenfeld &
Weissberg and served as assistant
United States attorney during the
mid 1980s. He was also
cocoordinator of the 1992 Brandeis
Minority Alumni Network
Reunion. Sakda Prangpatanpon is
living m Thailand with his wife
and daughter and is vice president
till international affairs at Burapha
University. Roger P. Weissberg, his
w lie, Stephanie Wright, and their
two children, Elizabeth, age 5, and
Ted, age 2, moved to the Chicago
area where he is a psychology
professor at the University of
Illinois at Chicago. His work
involves the designing and
evaluation of school and
community-based programs to
prevent substance abuse, high-risk
sexual behavior and delinquency.
Births
'75
Child's Name
1969
Marc I. Zauderer
Joel Herbert
January 31, 1992
1973
Deborah Gaines
Jenna
May 6, 1992
Andrew N. Krinsky
Jason
July 3, 1992
1974
Deborah Popkin Schuster
Cole Michael
January 30, 1992
1975
Joel Lamm
Jenna Lauren
June 14, 1992
Robin D. Wiener
Sarah liana
August 23, 1992
1977
Lori H. Lefkovitz
Samara Esther
February 23, 1992
1978
Brenda Hard Ecsedy
Rhiannon Jean
April 2, 1992
1980
Mitchell Abramson
Jason Lewis
March 9, 1990
Jennifer Michelle
February 15, 1992
1981
Marianne Pollack Dobin
Marc
July 21, 1990
Roger
August 19, 1992
Toni Lenz Tinberg and
Miriam Edith
July 24, 1992
Howard B. Tinberg, Ph.D. '82
1982
Karen Binder Ney and
Victor Binder Ney '81
Jeremy
April 4, 1992
David M. Silver
Joshua Allon
July 11, 1992
1983
Jennifer Berday
Sarah Arielle
September 28, 1991
Teo Bigman
Maxwell Samuel
February 26, 1992
Susan Rubin Borison and
Jeremy Samuel
March 26, 1992
Daniel I. Borison
Janet Lee Casler
Alexander
March 2, 1992
Steven M. Fairorth
Sean
December 28, 1988
Kristin
January 29, 1991
Michael B. Friedland
Avital Batsheva
December 31, 1991
Ellie Roher Golden
Julie Amanda
March 19, 1992
Beth Lang Golub
Abby
May 23, 1992
Suzanne Barton Grant and
Nicole Jaclyn
September, 1991
Stuart Grant '82
Karen D. Gruskin
EUery
July 7, 1992
Linda Frank Haltman
Samantha Morgan
April 24, 1990
Ari H. Jaffe
Sarah Bracha
April 19, 1992
Lance Kawesch
Natan Eliezer
June 6, 1991
Rabbi David C. Levy
Joshua Daniel
July 30, 1992
Rose Anne Nadasi
Paul Joshua
June 23, 1992
Diane Cohen Nataf
Yoel
October 2, 1990
Stephen Rabinowitz
Rachel Lauren
July 24, 1992
Robert B. Saper
Shoshana Mira
October 1, 1991
Donna Weinzimer Seife
Danielle
October 1990
Deborah Bornstein Sosebee
Hannah Leah
March 12, 1992
Lisa Robinson Taylor
Ellen Charlotte
February 27, 1992
Mary Tragert-Toropov and
Stephen William
August 4, 1992
Brandon Toropov
Donna S. Tucker-Butler
Benjamin Nathaniel
July 4, 1992
lodi Feldman Traub
Erica Gillian
August 30, 1990
Leah Weintraub
Aaron Jacob Adams
March 26, 1991
1984
Michele Jacobson and
Andrew Burstiner '85
Daniel Abraham
June 12, 1992
Alan N. Light
Daniel Hams
April 11, 1992
Carol Waxman
Ari Barak
October 11, 1991
1985
Michael D. Chartock and
Ada Amy Kolko-Chartock
Beniamm Louis
March 23, 1992
Leah Tsacoyeanes Price
Rebecca Lynn
April 10, 1992
Ellen Baker Weiss and
Lindsey Ilyssa
June 21, 1992
L. Michael Weiss, M.D. '84
1986
Ronit Adini
Shin Adini Scott
July 4, 1992
1988
Dawn M. Nathanson and
Michael J. Nathanson
Ariel Elyssa
January 9, 1992
1991
Eleanor Chissick Smagarinsky Yana Rose
October 21, 1991
Leslie Penn, Class Correspondent,
Marshall Leather Finishing, 43-45
Wooster Street, New York, NY
10013
Larry R. Brown joined the
Arcturus Pharmaceutical
Corporation in Woburn, MA, as
director of formulation
development. He has experience in
polymer-based and transdermal
drug delivery systems and has held
senior research and development
positions with Enzytech, Harbor
Medical Devices and Moleculon.
'76
Beth Pearlman Rotenberg, Class
Correspondent, 2743 Dean
Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55416
Harvey P. Blank is an
environmental attorney with the
United States Department of the
Interior and the recipient of a
performance award for outstanding
work in 1991-92. Lois Coats
Brown married David W. Brown in
1984 and they reside in
Bellingham, MA, with their two
children, Rachel Melissa, age 6,
and Chelsey Elizabeth, age 3. Janet
E. Cohen received the 1992-93
Ann M. Harrahill Scholarship at
Rutgers University School of Law.
The award is presented annually to
female Rutgers-Camden law
students displaying academic
excellence. Now in her final year
at Rutgers, she is a dean's list
scholar and also was the recipient
of the Charles Richter Memorial
Scholarship in 1990 and 1991.
Robert S. Frank has recently left
his position as vice president of
trade finance at DC Bank in New
York to cofound a U.S. -Russian
jointly-owned international
consulting firm. The company.
New Alliance Corporation, will
trade, project and
advisory support for
U.S. companies seeking to
undertake business transactions in
the Commonwealth of
Independent States. He welcomes
calls from alumni who have an
interest m the C.l.S. Darrell
Hayden was appointed executive
director of Landor Associates, an
international identity management
and design consulting firm
headquartered in San Francisco.
His work includes major corporate
identity and design projects for
clients such as Hyatt Hotels,
DuPont, Visa, U.S. Sprint, GE,
Coca-Cola, the Atlanta Committee
for the Olympic Games and MGM.
Victoria J. Kanrek completed her
LL.M. in taxation at New York
University School of Law and is an
attorney in the Manhattan District
Counsel office of the Internal
Revenue Service. Beth Pearlman
Rotenberg was promoted to senior
producer at WCCO-TV in
Minneapolis when the station was
acquired by CBS. She produces
news stories and is in charge of the
production of the Sunday morning
broadcast of "Moore on Sunday."
Her husband, Mark B. Rotenberg,
was named general counsel of the
University of Minnesota system.
He was chosen after a nationwide
search and left his partnership at
the Minneapolis law firm of
Dorsey &. Whitney. Harvard
Business School Professor David B.
Yoffie, was appointed to the Board
of Overseers of the Lemberg
Program by Brandeis President
Samuel Thier. Gary D. Zaetz
served as Raleigh, NC, area
director of the successful campaign
to preserve the pro-life plank of the
Republican Party platform.
'77
Fred Berg, Class Correspondent,
150 East 83rd Street, Apt. 2C, New
York, NY 10028
Lori H. Lefkovitz is an associate
professor of English at Kenyon
College, and on sabbatical this
year. She has just moved to
Columbus, OH, with her husband,
Leonard Gordon, and daughters,
Ronya, age 5, and Samara, age 9
months. Edwin W. Maltzman
received an M.B.A. in finance from
New York University and is a
certified public accountant and
accounting manager with Jardine
Insurance Brokers in New York
City.
'78
Valerie Troyansky, Class
Correspondent, 210 West 89th
Street #6C, New York, NY 10024
James Cataldo is a financial
economist at the Federal Home
Loan Bank of Boston. lerome
Hoberman has been working in
Hong Kong since the fall of 1991 as
a lecturer and orchestra director at
Hong Kong Baptist College. He
was a guest conductor of the Hong
Kong Sinfonietta and is music
director of the Hong Kong Bach
Choir. He invites all classmates
who are ever in East Asia to stop
by and visit. Linda R. Alpert joined
58 Brandeis Review
the board of directors of Little
Angels Day Care Center in Rye,
NY, which her sons, Jeffrey Alan
Karell and Daniel, attend. Eric D.
Cohen and his wife, Robin Katz,
moved to a new house in West
Hartford, CT, after their marriage
last year. Stephanie Husik is
married to child psychiatrist
Douglas Tebor, and began a Ph.D.
program in psychology at George
Washington University.
'80
Lisa Gelfand, Class Corresponde
19 Winchester Street #404,
Brookline, MA 02146
Harriet Gimpel i
for the New Israel Fund in
lerusalem. She and her husband,
Erez Zuck, have moved into their
new home in the community of
Makkabim, inside the green hne.
Craig D. Lapin, M.D. moved from
Texas to Middletown, CT, where
he is an assistant professor at the
University of Connecticut
Department of Pediatrics in
Farmington. He lives with his
wife, Anne, and two great children,
Sarah, age 2, and Ian, age 10
months. Dia L. Michels is living in
Washington, D.C. with her
daughter Akaela, age 3. Her first
book, A VJ Oman's Guide to Yeast
Infections, written with Dr.
Naomi Baumslag, was published
this summer by Pocket Books. She
is working on several other books
for adult and children's markets.
Robert I. Rubin published an
article entitled "Administrative
Agency Records Can Help the
Defense" in the luly 1992 issue of
For The Defense^
'81
Matthew B. Hills, Class
Correspondent, 1 6 Harcourt, Apt
3E, Boston, MA 021 16
Marianne Pollack Dobin has been
in the mommy business since she
left her job in health
administration two years ago with
the birth of her sons. Marc, in
1990, and Roger, in 1992. She'll dig
those suits and pumps out of the
closet someday, but for now she's
enjoying her new role. Pamela S.
Rosenthal has been named
publicity and promotion manager
at Golden Books. She and her new
husband. Dr. Sinai Davis, spent
their honeymoon in Israel and
Greece
'82
Ellen Cohen, Class Correspondent,
145 15th Street #318, Atlanta, GA
30309
David M. Silver has begun his
third year as director of the Hillel
Foundation at the University of
Connecticut. Following the birth
of her second child, Nancy Lerner
Stein returned to work in the new
position of senior editor/
aquisitions attorney at the New
York Law Publishing Co. m New
York City, publisher of the New
York Law Journal and the
National Law fournal She and her
husband, David, and daughters
Rebecca, age 4, and Debra Shira,
age 7 months, are living in North
Bellmore, Long Island, where they
had a visit from fellow classmate,
Tracy A. Schiff, when she visited
from California.
'83
Eileen Isbitts Weiss, Class
Correspondent, 456 9th Street #30,
Hoboken, NJ 07030
Asa D. Adier is a vice president at
Chase Manhattan Bank and
marketing director for the Florida
region. Michael Araiz is a general
partner at M.J. Whitman and
Company where his
responsibilities include running
the trading and investments of the
firm, mutual funds and clients'
monies. He is included in Marquis
Who 's Who of Finance and
Industry 1992-93 and is married to
Sandra Ramirez '85. Robert Baker,
M.D. is completing a fellowship in
neuro-ophthalmology and eyelid
surgery at the University of
Minnesota following a residency at
the Mayo Clinic. He plans to start
a practice in New Rochelle, NY,
while his wife, Julie, will begin an
eye, ear, nose and throat surgery
residency in New York City.
lennifer Betday is working part-
homecare department of the
Medical Center at Princeton.
Lilian Bier attended Lewis &. Clark
Law School where she was a
member of the Law Review. She is
practicing law in Beaverton, OR,
primarily as a family law and
personal injury litigator. After
graduating from Boston University
School of Law in 1986, Jerrold H.
Blair has spent the last two years
in New York City where he is vice
president for pop promotion with
Columbia Records. Mark S.
Blumberg received his Ph.D. in
biopsychology in 1988 from the
University of Chicago and spent
the last four years as a research
associate at Indiana University. He
is looking forward to working next
fall as assistant professor of
psychology at the University of
Iowa in Iowa City. Barry J. Bonder
moved to Woodbury, NY, with his
new wife, Dawn, and is a vice
president with In-Touch
Management Systems, a software
company in the paging industry.
Gary S. Cohen (a.k.a. Tater) was
graduated from Northwestern's
Kellogg Business School in
Chicago in 1988 and lives in
Boston's South End with Edmund
J. Connor. He works in marketing
at Gillette where he is product
manager for Right Guard
deodorant. Oren Cohen, M.D. is in
his second year of a research
fellowship at the National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases. His wife, Maria Ward,
M.D. '83, was selected as chief
fellow in her child and adolescent
psychiatry fellowship at George
Washington's Children's National
Medical Center and is a candidate
for the Baltimore-Washington
psychoanalytic Institute. Diane
Cohen Nataf lives with her
husband. Rabbi Francis Nataf, in
Indianapolis, where he runs the
Yeshiva high school and she takes
care of their son, Yoel, and teaches
adult education. After earning an
M.B.A. m marketing from New
York University's Stein School of
Business, Pamela Faivus
Coleman's career turned to her
first love, music. She worked for J.
Wintworth Associates as an artist
manager for two years and is now
working with the Fairfield
Orchestra. She and her husband,
Mike, bought their first house in
Connecticut. Maria R. Davila and
Brian Shea '80 settled in Maynard,
MA, with their three daughters.
She is employed by Digital
Equipment Corporation in
Marlboro where she is a senior
software engineer at the Artificial
Intelligence Technology Center.
The board of directors of the
Norfolk and Dedham Mutual Fire
Insurance Company and the West
Newbury Mutual Fire Insurance
Company announced the
appointment of Timothy J. Del
Grande as assistant vice president
in the underwriting division. He is
also enrolled in an M.B.A. program
at the Carroll School of
Management, Boston College.
Rhonda Held Duplet is practicing
personal injury law and has had
her own practice since 1987. Her
husband, David, is president of
David Paul Advertising, Inc. (oan
Teich Fagan practices law with
Geltner & Associates in
Washington, DC. She and her
husband purchased a house in
Gaithersburg, MD, and are
enjoying being homeowners.
Steven M. Fairorth is a hospice
social worker and a part-time
mobile disc jockey. He lives with
his wife, Kathy, and two children
m Pennsylvania. Randall S.
Feingold was graduated magna
cum laude from the Albany
Medical College of Union
University in 1987, and was
elected to Alpha Omega Alpha. He
is completing a general surgery
residency at New York University
where he is chief resident in
trauma surgery at Bellevue
Hospital. He is looking forward to
his fellowship in plastic surgery at
Albert Einstein Hospital. After
living in New York and Paris,
Stuart N. Feinhor completed his
M.A. in counseling psychology at
the California Institute of Integral
Studies in San Francisco. He is a
rabbinic student at the Hebrew
Union College, Los Angeles
campus. Mark A. Feldman left the
Big Apple after five years with
Shearson Lehman Brothers and
E.F. Hutton, and settled in Venice
Beach, steps from "Muscle Beach."
He reports that representing the
United States in his capacity at the
U.S. Attorney's Office is fun and
satisfying. Alejandro J. Ferdman is
an interior general contractor in
Puerto Rico and is happily married
to Risa Libman. Felicia H. Figa,
M.D. is a pediatric cardiology
fellow at The Hospital for Sick
Children in Toronto. Since
graduating from Harvard Law
School in 1988, Rachel H. Fox has
worked as a music lawyer at two
large Los Angeles law firms. She is
managing musicians, one of whom
is signed to Warner Brothers
Records and another of whom
appeared in Bugsy and is being
courted by several record labels.
She also practices music law for a
handful of clients and is happy to
announce that her career permits
her to work at home. Diane
Ginzberg Frank is group marketing
director of all consumer magazines
at Walt Disney Magazine
Publishing, Inc. in New York City.
Michael B. Friedland was ordained
at the Jewish Theological
Seminary in 1990 and is rabbi of
Moses Montefiore Synagogue in
Appleton, WI. Guy Glass
completed his residency at the
Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital
in Philadelphia and is practicing
psychiatry in New York City.
Since her graduation from
Wharton (M.B.A. '89), Suzanne
Barton Grant has been a senior
portfolio manager with Strategic
Investment Services. Her husband,
Stuart Grant '82, was graduated
from New York University Law
Scho
andi
ith
Skadden Arps in Wilmington, PA.
Fred O. Goldberg and his wife, Rita
Goldman '80, are in Miami where
he IS an aviation attorney with the
law offices of Jerry Dale. Beth Lang
Golub relocated to New York City
after spending four years m
Pittsburgh. She is working as an
acquisitions editor at John Wiley
& Sons. After finishu ^
medicine residency at the
University of Pittsburgh in 1991,
Seth Gottlieb is on a pulmonary
fellowship at Boston University.
Previously, he worked as a staff
physician at the University of
Pittsburgh's Associated Veterans
ternal
59 Winter 1993
Administration Medical Center.
Karen D. Gruskin completed a
residency in pediatrics at
Childiens Hospital of Boston.
Robin Hornik Panitz and (on
Parritz '82 live with their two
children, An, age 5, and Adam, age
1, in St. Paul, MN. She is an
assistant professor of psychology at
Hamline University and he is an
attorney in the litigation
department of Maslon, Edelman,
Borman &. Brand in Minneapolis.
Ari H. (affe serves on many
including the Brandeis Alumni
Association Board of Directors, the
Cleveland Brandeis Alumni
Admissions Council, Cleveland
Jewish News and the lewish
Community Center. His law
practice is going very well and he
and his wife, Marlyn, had their
first child, Sarah, in April 1992.
After graduating from Stanford
Business School (MB. A. '88|, Mary
Jassim Bellack married lohn
Bellack and they hou,ght their first
home, which the\' are planning to
cnmpkulv remodel she l^ .1
prndua man.i'^e. I.n Lli Lillvjnd
i^uiiMMiii:, III. Ill I .ilitMini.i. David
M. K.iiilni '. , . . ,i I M A in
Computei ill I i.inuni^li.un, MA.
HeandhisuiK l.aiira Salomons
'85, recenth puKli..-e.l their first
home in Sharon, MA. In Fehruary,
1992, he had a recording session in
New York City with Daniel B.
Bernstein '83 and Leonard A.
Potter '83. Lois T. Kaplan lives in
Delray Beach and is religion writer
for The Pnhn Beach Post in West
Palm Beach, Florida. Stuart S.
Kaplan, M.D. attended medical
school at George Washington
University and is completing his
residency in radiology at UCLA
Medical Center. He looks forward
to a fellowship in mammography,
hecinnini; in lulv 1993. His wife,
Si.h I i:i.i > liil.lii n, Justin Michael,
J . . w Brian, age 1, arc
V. ,, (,.ili I), kaulman lives in
Mauliauan, . teeived her M.B.A.
from Columbia and is director of
the NYC Housing Partnership, a
nonprofit organization that
develops affordable housing in
becoming an avid bicyclist and
Lawrence D. Kaufman celebrated
his fifth wedding anniversary to
Ragnhildur Hjartardottir. He
finished a three-year tenure as U.S.
director of a French
pharmaceutical company and is
now active in real estate
management. He competes in
bicycle races and is looking
forward to the 10th reunion. Roger
Koreen is practicing dermatology
in Huntington, NY, where he lives
with his wife. Amy, and their 1-
year-old son, Jason. Since receiving
an M.B.A. in international
business policy from McGill
University in 1987, Thomas W.
Lehman worked in the San
Francisco otfice of Union Bank of
Switzerland before transferring to
Zurich to work in private banking.
David E. Lewis received a Ph.D. in
political science and international
relations from the University of
Pennsylvania in 1990 and was
appointed assistant secretary of
state for Caribbean development in
the Puerto Rico Department of
State in March 1992. Lisa L Lipson
is practicing family law in a solo
practice in Phoenix. iWark S. Lo
quit his iob as managing editor of
Music Retailing; magazine and is
on the road, with the goal of
hitting all 48 contiguous states.
Pearl Tendler iMattenson is the
eastern states education director
for the Anti-Defamation League
and IS living in a new home with
her husband, Eric D. iHattenson
'81 Carrie B. Miller is an associate
producer working on features and
Mirskvis
cable and t
Califonii.i
workmc I i ' -i in New
YorkCiiN ii I ■:• iditoron
the Ron il. I ' ; • .ind
Away KaihUrn \1 Mnitis
psychul.i' Mirks
part-tniK i. : , . ■ i .uicy
doing faniiK lmuii r\ .ilu.itinns and
seeing pmaieLlKiUs Clotilde T.
Moyno ha^ pui i.i>;li1ili her own
acting company in Pans where she
IS an actress. The fust production
was a play she wrote based on a
Russian folktale. David J. Muller is
running Muller's Meats, a family
business in Niagara Falls, Canada,
that sells meat to McDonalds,
Wendy's and Burger King
restaurants across the northeast
seaboard. He lives with his wife,
Joyce, and their two children,
Jacob, age 3, and Rachel, age 1 .
William M. Portnoy completed his
residency in otolaryngology/head
and neck surgery at the New York
Eye and Ear Infirmary and is
working on a one-year fellowship
in microvascular and
reconstructive siirgcn,' m
Pittsbuiuli r\ Ir.i .'Ma
O.D. is.i ,
Pri(
Woodh.a. I, -.1 11. imiIm,
clinicaMiieaoi..tl..w vision at
the Helen Keller Services for the
Blind in Brooklyn, NY. He lives in
Bayside, NY, with his wife. Amy
Price '84, and son, Joshua. Chris D.
Rhomberg is studying toward a
Ph.D. m sociology at the
University of California at
Berkeley. He received a four year
Regents Intern Fellowship and
plans to do historical research on
ethnicity, class and race in
Oakland. Steven E. Rosen is vice
president of Young and Rubicam, a
New York advertising agency.
Jonathan D. Rosenfeld became a
junior partner at the Boston law
firm of Hale and Dorr where he
practices labor and employment
law. Jeffrey N. Rosensweig is
completing a year's residency in
general pediatrics, and is looking
forward to a fellowship in pediatric
gastroenterology. Marcus G.
Rothenberg has a fellowship in
immunological and hematological
diseases of children at Children's
Hospital in Boston. After five years
of fighting and helping to win the
Cold War while working at the
CIA, David S. Rubin is a
c.insultant with Booz, Allen &
Ilaniilton in Washington, DC. He
livci in Maryland and has enjoyed
traveling through the Far East, the
Middle East and Europe. Ronald L.
Rubin received an M.B.A. from the
University of Chicago in 1985, a
J.D. from the University of
Pennsylvania in 1991 and is
deputy district attorney in Los
Angeles Robert B. Saper is chief
resident in family practice at San
Francisco General Hospital where
he lives with his wife, Ruth, and
daughter, Shoshana. Donna
Weinzimer Seife and her husband,
Darrel, live on the Upper West
Side in Manhattan with their
daughter, Danielle, age 2. He is an
attorney specializing in pollution
cases and she is director of
strategic planning at DDB
Needham, a New York advertising
agency. Richard Shear was
graduated from Life Chiropractic
College and is practicing
chiropractics in Lowell, MA. Susan
Shoenfeld joined the law firm of
Ballard, Spahr, Andrews &
Ingersoll in Philadelphia where she
has developed an institutional
investing practice, specializing in
all aspects of the investment and
management of pension fund
assets, particularly real estate.
Gary R. Silverman received his
J.D. from Northwestern
University's School of Law and his
M.B.A. from the University of
Chicago's Graduate School of
Business. He is practicing law in
Chicago at Kirkland & Ellis, where
he specializes in venture capital,
leveraged buyouts and mergers and
acquisitions. His wife, Suzy, is also
an attorney. Stetanie Singer and
her husband live in Rochester, NY.
They enjoy hiking and completed a
93-mile trail around Mount Ranier
in Washington state. After four
years in New York, Deborah
Bornstein Sosebee and her husband
have moved to California with
their newborn daughter. Tammy S.
Starr and her husband, Arthur E.
Fleischmann '84, are living m
Toronto with their 2-year-old son.
Matthew. She is a senior product
manager with General Foods and
Backer Spielvogel Bates
Advertising, Lisa Robinson Taylor
lives in England and is self-
employed, designing furnishings
and teaching needlecrafts from her
home and giving demonstrations
on the subject to local women's
groups. Brandon Toropov is
coauthor of Banned: Classical
Erotica and editorial vice president
at the Bob Adams, Inc. publishing
company. He lives in Middleton,
MA, with his wife, Mary Tragert-
Toropov, and their two sons. Susan
Vosko will be completing her
residency in obstetrics and
gynecology at Albert Einstein
College of Medicine and is joining
a private practice in Brewster, NY.
Jane Chollick Waggoner lives in
Dallas, TX, with her husband. Jay,
and daughter, Mageline. She was
graduated from Southern
Methodist University in 1985 with
an M.B.A. and an M.A. Leah
Weintraub is completing her M.Ed,
in mathematics and teaches
secondary math (prealgehra
through precalculus|. She and her
husband, Greg, a vice president for
Texas Commerce Baucshares, are
enjoying life with their young son,
Aaron. Eileen Isbitts Weiss has
been program director and
convention director for the United
Synagogue of Conservative
Judaism in New York for the past
six years. Her husband, Larry, and
she are pleased to celebrate the
first anniversary of the opening of
their business, Mail Express and
More, a packing and card and gift
store in Jersey City, NJ. She is also
serving as co-president of the New
Jersey chapter of the Brandeis
Alumni Association. Loren
Reisner Weisman is adjusting to
small town life in Fredericksburg,
VA, where she lives with her
husband. Rabbi Steve Weisman
'82, and works in a rare bookstore.
Sandra Weitz, M.D. finished her
residency in anesthesiology at the
University of California, San
Francisco, and is doing an acute
pain fellowship at UCSF, where
she plans to join the faculty of the
Department of Anesthesia.
Richard Wollman received his
M.A. and M.Phil, degrees in
English literature from Columbia
University and is working toward
his Ph.D. He is a visiting professor
of renaissance literature at Boston
College. He and his wife,
Adrierme, live in Brookline, MA.
Jay L. Zagotsky lives in Boston
with his wife, Kim, and two sons,
Joshua and Benjamin. He received
his Ph.D. in economics and
teaches part-time at Boston
University.
60 Brandeis Review
'84
Marcia Book, Class Correspondent,
301 East 92nd Street, #2 A, New
York, NY 10128
Steven E. Bizar and his wife, Lisa,
moved to Philadelphia, PA, where
he IS an attorney with
Montgomery, McCracken, Walter
& Rhoads. Debra L. Green was
graduated from the University of
California at Berkeley's Boalt Hall
School of Law in 1990 and is a
research attorney for the
Honorable James Meyers, Chief
Judge of the United States
Bankruptcy Court for the Southern
District of California. Sonia Lee-
Pointeau and her husband,
Bertrand, both received M.B.A.
degrees from the Wharton School,
University of Pennsylvania. After a
year and a half in the Boston area,
they transferred with their
respective companies to Pans,
where she is brand manager for
Procter & Gamble's French
division and would love to hear
from fellow Brandeisians in the
area. Alan N. Light Joined the
technical staff of EJV Partners in
New York City while his wife,
Lori Reckson-Light, returned to
work at Merrill Lynch following
her maternity leave. Julie F.
Merkelson received an M.B.A.
from New York University and is
an investment analyst in the
mortgage and real estate division
at TL«iA-CREF while her husband,
Andrew, is a CPA at American
Express Travel Related Services.
Sarah Obrant is marketing
manager for a computer consulting
company in the New York and
Philadelphia area. She and her
husband, Peter Martin, reside in
Wynnewood, PA. Neil G. Pinsker
is manager of the New Jersey
operational consulting practice of
Aj-thur Andersen & Co., helping
companies define and execute
their marketing and sales
strategies. Randy Sklaver has
retired from the practice of law
and is using her art history degree
while working in a bookstore in
San Francisco and writing short
stories. Carol Waxman married
Major Ricky Abramson of the
Israeli Defense Forces and reports
that her younger brother, Michael
D. Waxman, started Brandeis in
the fall.
'85
Dcbra Radlaucr, Class
Correspondent, 101 West 90th
Street #19F, New York, NY 10024
Kristen Petersen Farmelant and
her husband, Stuart N. Farmelant
'83, honeymooned in Key West,
FL, after their wedding/mini-
Brandcis reunion at which former
South Street roommates and
Yehuda Cohen '81 and Ellen Cropp
Cohen were in attendence. Their
honeymoon was cut short by a
day, however, when they
evacuated to Orlando with the
approach of Hurricane Andrew.
The adventure has led Stuart to
consider naming their first son
Andrew. Marvin H. Lucas and
Donald A. Kushner completed
their residency training in internal
medicine together. Marvin has
begun a two-year residency in
nuclear medicine at the University
of Cincinnati. Lindsay Millard is a
marketing assistant for Peabody
Construction Company in
mtrce, MA, where she is
responsible for producing all of the
firm's marketing, communications
and new business development
materials. Previously, she was
editor of the Hull Reporter, and is
pursuing a certificate of business
management at Radcliffe
Seminars, Harvard University.
Tracey Newirth is an active
member of Love Creek
Productions Repertory Acting
Company, and is kept very busy
performing in the Nat Home
Theater on Theater Row in New
York Cm '. 1 1 .ili T-,ic.)\eanes Price
and hti ' i ' ml Price,
bough I I in-ion, VA,
and .111 . I Ml wiiorn
herhuslMiiil, I. A\ich.ul Weiss 84,
is completing a residciuy in
internal medicine and will begin a
fellowship in gastroenterology in
July at Emorv University Maria L.
Weitznian lecciveJ he. Ph P in
English hnm thr llniviisii\ ni
Virginia in Au.misi ,iiui is tL-.iLliini;
English at Clineh Valley Collc.i;e in
Wisi
irgin
lllyse Shindler Habbc, Class
Correspondent, 89 Turner Street,
Brighton, MA 02135
Amy Wasserman Horner and her
husband, Michael, have moved to
Marina del Ray, CA, where both
are beginning psychology
internships with the Veteran's
Administration, she in Long Beach
and he in West Los Angeles. Stacey
Karlin is a sales representative for
the Upiohn Company in
Washington, DC. Richard S. Klein
received a master's degree in
Middle East security policy and
counterterrorism from the
Georgetown University School of
National Security Studies and
joined the Clinton/Gore
presidential campaign's rapid
response foreign policy team.
Rebecca Rae Miller is enioying her
new attorney position with the
New York regional office of the
Office of the Solicitor, United
States Department of Labor.
sa B. Newman, Class
ipondent, 45 East End
le. Apt. 5H, New York, NY
lininm HS.A ,in .HlMrtising
.iKLiio Lisa Curran-Crimp
honeymooned in Jamaica with her
new husband, Kevin, foIJowing
their wedding at which classmates
Hyacinth Bellerose, Michele
Steinburg and Elizabeth Dickey
were in attendence. After teaching
social studies for three years and
completing his first book,
lamestown lourney, Alan N. Kay
has received a long-awaited
transfer to the high school. John
McCarthy and Michelle Hollander
live in Ann Arbor, Ml, where he is
beginning a master's program in
health education at the University
of Michigan School of Public
Health and she is a second-year
doctoral student in developmental
psychology at the University of
Michigan, where she received a
National Science Foundation
fellowship. Debra R. Schwab is a
resident in internal medicine at
Beth Israel Medical Center in New
York.
Susan Tevelow Feinstem, Class
Correspondent, 6830 Meadow Oak
Drive, Bid. #7, Columbus, OH
43235
Michael J. Abrams was graduated
from Emory Law School in 1991, is
living in Kansas City and working
as an associate at the law firm of
Goge & Tucker. His wife, Renana
Miller Abrams '86, is an attorney
in the Kansas City office of
Armstrong, Teasdale et al. Rhonda
Adessky is pursuing a Ph.D. in
clinical psychology in Montreal,
Canada. Rachel A. Altura, M.D.
was graduated from Washingttm
University School of Medicine and
is a first-year resident m pediatrics
at St. Louis Children's Hospital.
Jed K. Barnum is in his fourth year
as a press and media relations
agent for the Boston Symphony
Orchestra, Boston Pops and
Tanglewood Orchestra. He hopes
that fellow classmates will stop by
and attend a performance at
Boston's Symphony Hall. Adam J.
Brauer is working for a sole
practitioner in New City, NY,
specialising in criminal and
matrimonial law and looking to
expand to entertainment and
sports law. He also attended the
wedding of fellow classmate Marci
Weiser Gelb Jonathan C. Clayfield
IS pursuing an M.A. in counseling
psychology at Assumption College
while working as a graduate
assistant in the Student
Development Center. Hugh M.
Cooper received his Doctor of
Medicine degree from the
University of Massachusetts
Medical School in June 1992, is an
intern in internal medicine at the
Newton/Wellesley Hospital and
will complete his residency in
ophthalmology at Albany Medical
Center in Albany, NY. He also
presented a paper on laser therapy
for glaucoma at an ophthalmology
conference in Sarasota, FL, and his
work h.is been submitted for
publR.itii.n Flizabeth DeLott
ediie.itiun.mdishe.id'teacherat
the Chapin School in Manhattan.
Katee Duffy received an M.A. in
psychological counseling and spent
some time living in Southern
California where she worked with
emotionally disturbed children in
a psychiatric treatment center in
Beverly Hills. She has moved back
to the Boston area where she is
doing child and family therapy at a
active member of the Brandeis
Alumni Admissions Council.
Daniel Falcon is in residency
training in urology at Lenox Hill
Hospital in New York City.
Suzanne E. Feldstein and Roger H.
Frankel had a Brandeis wedding in
May where a large number of
fellow classmates and graduates
from two generations were in
attendance. Dana E. Flamenbaum
received her master's in
psychology from the City College
of New York and is in her third
year in a clinical psychology Ph.D.
program at Case Western Reserve
University in Cleveland. She and
her fiance, Andrew Goldstein,
have moved into their new house
inrir\-i I, Hill H: i.-ht; Carole
Zelhuu 111 ml ■ mSt.
Loiii-, Ml ' - I.. I
stoL'kl-Mnl . I .Mill piii.uinga
61 Winter 1993
graduate degree in finance. Lisa
Factor Fox was graduated from the
University of Pennsylvania Law
School and began working for the
law firm of Carter, Ledyard &
Milbum. Nina M. Giannotti-Gross
received her J.D. from Suffolk Law
School in May 1991 and was
graduated from McGeorge School
of Law in California with a LL.M.
in transnational business law and a
LL.M. in private international law
from the University of Salzburg in
Austria. She also spent some time
working for an Italian law firm in
Rome and has since moved to a
new home in Zurich, Switzerland,
with her husband, Peter Luis
Oskar Gross. David H. Gilbert was
graduated from New York
University School of Medicine and
is a resident in orthopedic surgery
at New York University Medical
Center. Wendy S. Goldberg is
pursuing an M.A. in Jewish
education and spent the fall in
Israel. She spends what little free
time she has playing the guitar and
plans to return to New York City
in the spring. Rebecca Goldfader is
pursuing a master's degree in
nursing, specializing in women's
health and working at
Massachusetts General Hospital in
gynecology and oncology. Glenn
A. Goldstein is an attorney at the
New York City law firm of
Sherman &. Sterling. Jodi Weiss
Helper, D.M.D. has begun a
residency in general dentistry at
North Shore University Hospital
in New York City. Esther R. Harris
was graduated from the Medical
College of Pennsylvania and is
pursuing a residency in pediatrics
at Thomas Jefferson University
Hospital in Philadelphia. Belinda
R. Krifcher moved to Washington,
DC, where she has begun a
graduate program in clinical
psychology. Sandi Lieb spent two
months backpacking through
Europe and a month driving across
the United States before moving to
the San Francisco Bay Area. Roni
Leff-Kurtz honeymooned in
Bermuda with her husband,
Stephen Kurtz, and is living in
Pittsburgh, PA, and teaching at
Hillel Academy. Elaine iVI. Moccia
is a regional marketing associate at
the Putnam Companies while her
fiance, Shawn Sullivan, is a vice
president and commercial real
estate lender at Fleet Bank in
Boston. Diane Cohen Madfes was
graduated from Einstein College of
Medicine with an M.D. and
distinction for research work. She
and her husband, Jason IWadfes '86,
moved to Milford, CT, where she
began a medical internship at
Yale/New Haven Hospital. Adam
T. Newman, iW.D. and his wife,
Janine D. Feng, were graduated
from New York University
Medical School. They
honeymooned in Maui and Kauai
where they ran into fellow
classmates, Steven Zweibel and
Beth Fleischman Zweibel, before
moving to Tucson, AZ, where he
IS doing his residency in obstetrics
and gynecology and she in internal
medicine. Howard Ochs is
interning in oral and maxillofacial
surgery m Atlanta, GA. Alan J.
Reinach is a fourth-year medical
student, applying to internal
medicine residency programs. He
and his wife, Dana B. Perlman '89,
a nurse/midwifery student at the
University of Pennsylvania, spent
their honeymoon in Bermuda and
live in Philadelphia. Joyce Arruda
Singer is pursuing a master's
degree in Jewish education and
Judaic studies and works as
religious school coordinator at
Adas Israel Congregation in
Washington, DC. She lives in
Bethesda, MD, and has two sons,
Elliot, 25, and Seth, 21. Bennett J.
Solomon has returned to Cornell
University to complete his M.B.A.
in Japanese business studies after
spending a summer internship in
Japan through the University's
Johnson Graduate School of
Management. In addition, after
graduating from Brandeis, he spent
two years working for the Board of
Education in Iwate Prefecture,
Japan, as a teacher of English. Todd
Soloway was graduated from
Cardozo School of Law and is an
attorney with the law firm of
Gutman & Gutman in New York
while his new wife, Andrea Molod
Soloway '89, is a leasing associate
with S.L, Green Real Estate Inc., a
commercial real estate
development company. Fredrica L.
Strumpf is a publicist for a popular
rock/heavy metal band with whom
she has been touring for two years.
Deborah G. Wodar was graduated
from New York University School
of Medicine in May and has begun
a residency in internal medicine at
New York University Hospital.
'89
Karen L. Gitten, Class
Correspondent, 35 Crosby Road
2nd Floor, Newton, MA 02167
Karen L. Gitten is engaged to be
married to Michael Gobler after
the two met playing volleyball at
the Jewish Community Center.
Elisabeth D. Jordan is in a MA./
Ph.D. program at the University of
California at Santa Barbara and is
vice president of academic affairs
for the Graduate Student
Association. Bonnie L. Karshbaum
received a Juris Doctor degree from
New England School of Law where
she was a member of the school's
Law Day Committee. Francine
Genn Saperstein is pursuing her
M.S. in health care administration
at Trinity University in San
Antonio, TX, while her husband,
David S. Saperstein, has begun his
internship in internal medicine at
Lackland Air Force Base. Mark A.
Saloman was graduated from the
University of Pennsylvania School
of Law and is a law clerk with the
assignment judge of the New
Jersey Superior Court in Middlesex
County.
'90
Judith Libhaber, Class
Correspondent, 745 North Shore
Drive, Miami Beach, FL 33141
Pamela Brock is doing marketing
for Research magazine in San
Francisco. Carla I. Fernandez is
living in Honduras after receiving
a master's degree in advertising
and marketing from Emerson
College. Cindy M. Handler is a
third-year medical student at the
University of Massachusetts
Medical School while her fiance,
iVlichael J. Steinberg, is a fourth-
year student at Massachusetts
College of Pharmacy. Ron JVl.
Judenberg is a management
consultant with the Price
Waterhouse Foundation in New
York City. Chaim J. Kraisman is
completing his final year of law
school at Buffalo University and
has accepted an associate position
with the firm of Menter, Rudin &
Triuelpiece in Syracuse, NY.
Michelle Lydeen left her position
as assistant to the director of
admissions at Brandeis and is an
•e with an
;cutive search
firm. Sales Consultants, a division
of Management Recruiters
International Inc. in Savannah,
GA. After six months at Flag Fen
Excavations m England, Ymke L.
Mulder has returned to England to
pursue an M.S.C. degree in
environmental archaeology and
palaeoeconomy at the University
of Sheffield. Glenn A. Sacks began
law school at the University of
Minnesota. Rebecca S. Shargel is
spending the 1992-93 academic
year in Jerusalem studying at
Pardes Institute for Jewish Studies.
'91
Andrea Kramer, Class
Correspondent, 5343 Washington
Street, West Roxbury, MA 02132
Eileen Nancy Abt is working on
her master's degree in
environmental health at the
Harvard School of Public Health.
Tamer Anis has moved to
Montreal where he is pursuing a
master's program in political
science. Beth Anderson has
finished her first year with Teach
for America. She is working in the
South Central (Watts) area of Los
Angeles, at 97th St. Elementary
School, teaching a bilingual
kindergarten class that presents
the most challenging endeavor she
has ever pursued. She is living
with Wayne Collette '91. Thomas
D. Amrine entered Harvard Law
School in September. Eric S.
Askanase is employed as a policy
analyst at the Competitive
Enterprise Institute, a free-market
think tank in Washington, DC. He
does research on the FDA, toxic
waste, legal and political issues, as
well as popular culture. His work
has been published in the
Washington Times, San Diego
Union Tribune and Diversity
Magazine. Jill E. Becker began her
first year at the University of
Massachusetts Medical School in
August 1992. Matthew Breman
worked for a year at an
international management
institute and traveled in Europe. In
July 1992, he began a two-year
assignment teaching English to 12-
20-year-olds in Guinea Bissau with
the Peace Corps. Carmen F.
Bumgamer is a bilingual first grade
teacher in South Central Los
Angeles, and a graduate student
working towards certification at
California State. Tamara Chasan
completed her first year at the
Widener University School of Law.
She was the recipient of an
American Jurisprudence Award for
Outstanding Achievement in
Criminal Law and Procedure,
spent the summer working as a
law clerk for a prestigious criminal
defense attorney and contributed
to the 1992 version of the
Pennsylvania Bar Institutes'
Criminal Law and Trial
Techniques, an instructional
handbook for young lawryers. Dara
Clein spent last year living in
Connecticut taking premed
classes. She started her first year at
the Illinois College of Optometry,
where she is fulfilling a life-long
dream. Joshua C. Cohen is in his
second year at New York College
of Osteopathic Medicine. Wayne
Collette IS working as an
investment banking analyst at
First Boston Corporation in Los
Angeles. Lisa Cooper completed
her first year at Columbia
University's School of Social Work
and spent the summer working at
New York State Psychiatric
Institute. She attended the
wedding of Bonnie Kwitkin where
she was reunited with many fellow
Brandeisians. Robyn Deeley is in
her second year in the ecology
graduate program at San Diego
62 Brandeis Review
Marriages
Avi B. Winokur to Susan M. Berman
Eric D. Cohen to Robin Katz
Stephanie Husik to Douglas Tebor
Pamela S. Rosenthal to Dr. Sinai Davis
Wesley C. Fedorchak to Carol PassarelU
Lilian Bier to Eric Bloch
Barry J. Bonder to Dawn Morgenthal
Adam Brown to Darlene Marie McClellan
Fred O. Goldberg to Rita Goldman '80
Joseph K. Handelman to Emiko Tajima '84
Steven Leder to Randi London
Thomas W. Lehmaim to Claudia Piehorsch
Lisa L Lipson to Robert P, Shanahan
Rose Anne Nadel to David Todd Nadasi
Robert B. Saper to Ruth Pans
Debra L. Green to Jeffrey Garfinkle
Julie F. Merkelson to Andrew Dermack
Sarah Obrant to Peter Martin
Deborah Glickman to William Scher
David Paris to Deborah Klotz '84
Jodi Shendell to James Kaye
Lisa Curran to Kevin Crimp
Joyce K. Arruda to Cantor Maurice Singer
Jonathan Clayfield to Donna Alessandrini
Suzatme E. Feldstein to Roger H. Frankel
Lisa Factor to Adam M. Fox
Roni M. Leff to Stephen Kurtz
Adam Newman, M.D. to Janme Feng, M.D.
Craig A. Parish to Jane A. Wiener
Alan J. Reinach to Dana B. Perlman '89
Robyn Rosenau to Lee Spirer
Todd Soloway to Andrea Molod '89
Jodi Weiss to Steven Halper
Carole Zelbow to Jason Flegel
Francine N. Genn to David S. Saperstein
Marc A. Meisler to Sara Sclair
Atme Gurewitsch to Samuel Schwartz '89
Boimie Kwitkin to Douglas Goldstein
Tabitha Nelson to Douglas Dowling
June 16, 1991
September 22, 1991
September 6, 1992
September 6, 1992
Septemberl9,1992
July 1990
March 14, 1992
May 4, 1991
November 16, 1991
July 14, 1991
August 1, 1992
March 28, 1992
October 27, 1990
November 11, 1989
May 13, 1990
August 9, 1992
August 23, 1992
May, 1990
December 12, 1992
June 20, 1992
October 26, 1991
Septembers, 1992
September 10, 1989
June 27, 1992
May 31, 1992
Spring 1992
Julys, 1992
May 24,1992
July 2, 1992
June 28, 1992
May 7, 1992
October 1992
June 14, 1992
September 1, 1991
May 31, 1992
June 16, 1991
June 1991
July 1992
August 8, 1992
Engagements
Amy H. Linsky to Roy B. Oser
Heidi Freedman to Jonathan Goldberg
Deanna M. Davis to Prince E. Bannister, Jr.
Stacey Karlin to Alan Belsky
Rebecca R. Miller to John Martin Stevens
Debra Schwab to Tim Brandt
Elizabeth DeLott to Steven Reisman
David H. Gilbert to Lisa Balbus
Elaine M. Moccia to Shawn T. Sullivan
Robin J. Dichter to Samuel C. Young
Cindy M. Handler to Michael J. Steinberg
Ron M. Judenberg to Shan Simon
Chaim J. Kraisman to Esa Kanter
Michelle Lydeen to Derek Rutherford
Janet Henner to Michael Wolf
Dana Matloff to Brendan Levy
Judi Stillman to Roy Schwartz '89
State University. Her graduate
work involves monitoring the
behavior of dusky-footed woodrats
or "packrats." In her spare time,
she has been surfing, hiking and
doing a lot of outdoor photography.
Andre D. Eaton is completing an
M.S.W. program at the University
of Pennsylvania and hopes to
pursue a Ph.D. in psychology.
Kama Einhorn is writing for an
alternative weekly paper, the San
Francisco Weekly. Gordon
Einstein started his first year at the
University of Southem California
Law School in the fall of 1992.
Michelle Feldman completed her
master's degree in special
education at Boston University
and is teaching emotionally
disturbed boys at the Walker
School in Needham, MA. She was
elected to Pi Lambda Theta, an
education. Ken Forde is presently
working for Liberty Mutual as a
claims adjuster, and is continuing
his running career. Debra
Gladstone began a Ph.D. program
at the University of Connecticut
for social psychology in September
1992. Neil L Graff is attending
Boston University Law School
pursuing a J.D. and master's in
business administration. Dana
Grcenberg went to Europe after
graduation with Linda Schlossberg,
Erika Golub and Spencer Jakab.
She lived and worked in Paris
before moving in March to a
kibbutz in the north of Israel,
traveling to Greece and London,
and then moving back home to
begin medical school at Tufts
University last August. Deb
Haleman is studying facility
management at Cornell University
in the Department of Design and
Environmental Analysis, and will
graduate with a M.S. in June 1993.
Jenifer Harlem is employed as a
case manager at Baypath Senior
Citizens Services, a home care
agency that provides in-home care
for elders to delay nursing home
placement. She is also involved in
investigating cases of reported
abuse, neglect and financial
exploitation of elders in the area.
Janet Henner works for IBM and
began law school at night at
Georgia State. Audrey Hirsch has
completed her first year of law
school at the University of
Pittsburgh and has begun her
second year as an agent trainee
with International Creative
Management. If all goes well, she
should become a literary/director's
agent within the next 12 months.
Julie R. Hoffman is pursuing an
M.A. in journalism at the
University of Maryland and hopes
to find other classmates in the
Maryland/Washington, DC area.
Bethany A. Joseph is concentrating
on getting her master's degree at
the Boston University School of
Public Health. She attended the
wedding of Ruth Liebschutz on
August 15th in North Carolina.
Thomas Rhett Kee is busy
auditioning for TV and writing two
feature films. He also is organizing
a 500-mile wheelchair push by a
friend of his to Sacramento to
deliver a message about the
condition of inner city schools to
the governor. Elisa Kronish
completed one year working as a
teacher at the Lesley ElUs
preschool in Arlington, MA, and
has applied to graduate school.
Botmie Kwitkin spent the past
year m Israel studying in
Jerusalem. Last July she married
Douglas Goldstein (whom she met
in Israeli and now they live in
Scarsdale, NY. They plan to stay m
the states for a few years before
making aliyah. Dana Matlotf is a
second-year law student at Arizona
State University College of Law.
Diane S. May is in her second year
of graduate school at New York
University and will complete her
M.P.A. in mid- 1993. Kayla Mazer
has completed her first of four
years at Columbia University
School of Dental and Oral Surgery.
James McCarthy is sharing an
apartment with Jerome Noll. He is
working for McKinsey &
Company, a corporate consulting
firm in Manhattan. Laurie
McMillan is teaching third and
fourth grade at a private school in
Stoneham, MA, and has moved
into a duplex with two friends.
Esther Nelson is working for
TAMS Consultants, Inc., an
environmental consulting firm in
New Jersey. Jerome Noll is in his
second year at the Cardozo School
of Law Melissa B. Orlowski is
presently living in Miami, FL,
attending the University of Miami
for a master's degree in physical
therapy. Lori L. Pires spent a year
working in toxicology for
Springborn Laboratories before
becoming a research lab technician
II in Brigham ik Women's
Hospital. She is working in the
Center for Neurological Diseases,
conducting research to find the
cause and potential therapies for
multiple sclerosis. Her future
plans include graduate school. Sue
Press has been working as a
preschool teacher at Kids-A-Lot in
Stow, MA, for the past year.
Joshua Proslkoff is currently
working at the advertising agency
Foote, Cone and Belding in San
Francisco. He is working in the
Levi's account, including Levi's
Dockers. Melissa A. Posdamer
spent the year at American
University getting her master's
degree in publii
63 Winter 1993
Grad
she graduated with honors in
August after completing her tenure
as the chairman's (ellow. She is
now employed as a pubhcist for a
small publisher in Bethesda, MD.
Daniel A. Rabinowitz finished his
first year at the University of
Chicago Law School in June. This
past summer, he did death-penalty
appellate work for the State of
Illinois. Matias A. Ringel is a
financial analyst at Solomt^n
Brothers' Latin American Group in
New York City. Andrew Allen
Roberts received an iVl.M.H.S.
from the Heller School in August
and participated in Brandeis soccer
during the 1991-92 season. He
won the James W. McCully
Memorial Award from the Friends
of Brandeis Athletics in 1992, and
was an Adidas Academic All
American who was awarded the
ECAC Award of Valor, Laura
Schenkman is in a Ph.D. program
in genetics at the University of
Wisconsin. Esther Sherrow is in
Prague, Czechoslovakia, keeping
body and soul together by teaching
English and selling fabric designs.
She IS also doing art and breathing
deeply the creative atmosphere of
Prague. Ellen Schlactus completed
a year of teaching in an inner-city
school in New Orleans as part of
the Teach for America Program.
She is interested in speaking with
anyone involved in the educational
field outside of the classroom.
David S. Schorr is a portfolio and
research analyst of a fund worth
$25 million. Kevin B. Schwenk
spent last year in Washington, DC,
working for several nonprofit
organizations before beginning a
Ph.D. program at Brown
University in economics while his
fiancee, Deborah Block, is taking
ecology courses at the University
of Massachusetts, Boston. They
live together in Providence, RI,
where he works part-time and both
remain active in the animal rights
movement. Jonathan Segal worked
for the past year selling outdoor
gear and clothing for Recreational
Equipment Inc. in Chicago and has
started medical school at the
University of Chicago. Rachel
Silber is still "drifting," but says
she has had one of the most
educational and enriching years of
her life in the "college of the real
world." Deborah Slavkin is head
teacher at a nursery school and
youth director for a reform temple.
She is also completing an M.A. in
school counseling from Hofstra
University and is a Long Island
alumni interviewer for Brandeis.
After backpacking through Europe
and being registrar at her mother's
real estate school, Susannah R.
Spodek headed to Japan where she
obtained a work visa for
employment in a film company
that organizes international film
festivals. She worked on Japan's
first gay and lesbian film festival
and has transcribed 60 Lone
Ranger videos. Lynn Steiner is a
counselor/case manager at a
residence for mentally ill adults in
Chicago, IL. She was promoted to
house manager at the residence's
second site and is reponsible for
managing four counselors. She is
considering taking graduate work
in psychology. Jennifer A. Stern
entered a Ph.D. program in the
history of art at Yale University
and received a fellowship to spend
the summer studying in Paris and
Amsterdam. Stephen Treiman
taught high school biology in
Santa Ana, CA, as a part of the
Teach for America program. He
says the job is tough, but that the
kids are wonderful and make the
experience very worthwhile. liana
D. Treston is taking graduate
studies, ,n,i lull sih.)larshipatthc
llnchci Sjinulul l.,iu .ind
Mcdh.rd, MA In, Kidmen, she
spent last summer studying
language at American University
in Cairo on a research project and
traveling through Israel. After
graduation, Paul R. Tursky worked
for nine months and then traveled
to Israel, Greece and Italy. He is
now a production intern at a
professional summer theater in
Wisconsin doing set construction,
lights and sound. He is enjoying
the experience and says that this
may be his break in theater.
Stephen M. Weiner is a consultant
with Andersen Consulting in
Hartford, CT. Jeremy S. Woodburn
spent time in Portland, OR, and in
southern Europe before returning
to the Boston area where he is
attending Harvard Law School.
Julian Zelizer completed his first
year of a Ph.D. program in history
at Johns Hopkins University with
particular focus on the 20th
century political history of the
United States. He presented a
paper entitled "We are all
Keynesians Now: The Political
Culture of the American State and
Tax Reform, 1961-64."
'92
Beth C. Manes, Class
Correspondent, c/o Brandeis Office
of Alumni Relations, P.O. Box
9110, Waltham, MA 02254-9 110
Kim Suk-Won, chairman of
Korea's fifth largest company, the
Ssangyong Business Group, was
appointed to the Board of
Overseers of the Lemberg Program
by Brandeis President Samuel
Thier.
tt'* %
^.
/. Bayo Adekanye
J. Bayo Adekanye (Ph.D. '76|,
professor of political science at the
University of Ibadan, Nigeria, has
been appointed as head of the
department for a three-year term.
He spent the 1991-92 term on
sabbatical as a visiting
commonwealth fellow in the
political science department at
Dalhousie University in Halifax
Nova Scotia Canada David M
Austin IPhD 69 Hclki School!
ll.tln^ dean of the School of Social
faculty at Connecticut College as a
professor of physics. Previously,
she taught astronomy at Wellesley
College and is a computer
programmer and consultant.
Shirley A. Girouard, R.N. (Ph.D.
'88, Heller School] is executive
director of the North Carolina
Center for Nursing, which was
established in 1991 to address the
nursing shortage problem by
ensuring that there will be well-
prepared nurses for the 21st
century She holds a doctorate in
health and social policy and has 25
years of experience in nursing and
health policy. She also served as a
program officer at the Robert
Wood Johnson Foundation in
Princeton, NJ, and a term in the
New Hampshire House of
Representatives Mark Halliday
(Ph.D. 'S,?, tn,i;lishl published a
book, Tciskct Siicct, which was the
1991 wuiner ot the Juniper Prize,
the annual poetry award sponsored
by the Umvcisity of
Massachusetts Press His hrst
book of poems Little Star was a
National Poetry Series selection
in 19S7 Hehasalsc
David Austin
Work and Bert Kruger Smith
Centennial Professor in Social
Work at the University of Texas at
Austin, was the 1992 recipient of
the National Association of Social
Workers Presidential Award for
Excellence in Social Work
Research, He also received the
Association for Community
Organization and Social
Administration Award for Lifetime
Achievement in the Teaching of
Social Administration and chaired
the national Task Force on Social
Work Research, which produced
an extensive report with far-
reaching recommendations for
changes in the development and
funding of social work research.
Samuel J. Bernstein (MA. '63,
Ph.D. '64, Enghshl was the June
1992 recipient of Northeastern
University's Excellence in
Teaching Award. He is a professor
of English and author of Strands
Entwined, a book on contemporary
American drama. Leslie Brown
(Ph.D. '92, Physics) joined the
Mark Halluhn
critical study, Stevens and the
Interpersonal, published in 1991.
He teaches at Wilmington Friends
School in Delaware and lives in
Philadelphia, PA. Jesse Mavro
(M.F.A., '91, Theater) had her short
story "Eating Wisdom," published
in the upcoming Women on
Women, an anthology of short
stories by women. Grantland S.
Rice (M.A. '91, English) is in the
process of completing a Ph.D. in
English literature at Brandeis.
Brandeis Review
Brandeis University
Prospective Student
Referral Card
Student's Name
Address
street
Telephone
city
state
zip code
area code
High School
number
name
Academic lnterest(s)/Talent(s)
city
year of graduation
Extracurricular lnterest(s)/Talent(s)
Referral
May we use your name when contacting the student?
!n msToncai I'eispective. warren
Bargad |M.A. 70, Ph.D. 71) is an
associate professor of English in
Hebrew Literature and the Samuel
M. Melton Professor of Jewish
Studies at the University of
Florida. His publication of Amir
Cilboa: The Last Romantic is
forthcoming. Allon Gal |M.A.70,
Ph.D. 76| is an associate professor
at the Ben-Gurion Research Center
and history department and chair
and founder of the Center for the
Study of North American Jewry at
the Ben-Gurion University of the
Negev. He published The
Changing Concept of 'Mission ' m
American Reform Judaism and
David Ben-Gurion and the
American Alignment for a fewish
State. Arthur E. Green (B.A '61,
Ph.D. 75) has been president of
the Reconstructionist Rabbinical
College since 1987. He published
Seek My Face. Speak My Name: A
Contemporary fewish Theology.
Avraham Greenbaum (Ph.D. '58) is
a senior lecturer in the
Department of Jewish History at
the University of Haifa and a
research associate at the Ben-Zion
Dinur Institute for the Study of
Jewish History, Hebrew University
of Jerusalem. Hillel Goldberg
IM.A. '72, Ph.D. '78) is executive
editor of the Intermountain fewish
News and published The Fire
Withm: The Living Heritage of the
Musar Movement and
Illuminating the Generations: The
Second Volume of the Fire Within.
Harold S. Jaye ('67, M.A. '70, Ph.D.
'80) IS an instructor in humanities
and history in the Division of
Humanities and Social Science at
Central Florida Community
College. He is also a part-time
rabbi at Temple B'nai Darom.
Martin Kessler (M.A. '64, Ph.D.
'65) retired from an 11 -year
pastorate at Trinity Lutheran
Church in Danville, where he now
teaches a course in biblical
Hebrew. Benny Kraut (M.A. '74,
Ph.D. '75) is professor and director
of the Judaic Studies Program at
history department at Ben-Gurion
University of the Negev. He
received both a Memorial
Foundation grant and a faculty
research grant. Martin Lockshin
(M.A. '79, Ph.D. '84) is associate
professor and coordinator of
religious studies at York
University m Toronto, Canada.
His Rabbi Samuel ben Meir's
Commentary on Genesis: An
Annotated Translation won the
Toronto Jewish Congress prize for
the best Canadian book in biblical
studies, 1989-1991. Frances
Malino (M.A. '70, Ph.D. '71), the
Sophia Moses Robison Professor of
Jewish Studies and History at
Wellesley College, published "The
Right to be Equal: Zalkind
Hourwitz and the Revolution of
1789" in East and West fews in a
Changing Europe. She was
awarded the ACLS travel grant, the
Healey research grant and was an
elected guest research fellow at
Wolfson College, Oxford. Daniel
C. Matt ('72, M.A. '76, Ph.D. '78) is
a professor at the Center for Jewish
Studies in the Graduate
Theological Union in Berkeley,
CA. He served as Lady Davis
Visiting Professor at the Hebrew
University, where he taught in the
Department of Jewish Thought. He
was in Israel during the Persian
Gulf War, but went to Cyprus
during the Scud attacks. He is now
working on a critical edition of the
Zohar, together with a team of
intematiimal scholars His chapter
"New Aiu Kill \\..iJs The
Zohai's \,i' I ..■ X. . I. , ■, in
Proa:.:
Intenuir. ■ ,, - . ■ ,. .■ im the
History ol !cKi-.hh\vsi,cism is
forthcoming. Renee Levine
Melammed (M.A. '78, Hornstein
Program, Ph.D. '83) is a scholar-in-
Brandeis class today's date
n Yes D No
'70/, rabTirdf the Jewish
Community Center of Long Beach
Island, NJ, is a fellow of the
Temple University Center for
American Jewish History in
cooperation with the American
Jewish committee. He published
an article, "Conservative
Judaism," in the Encyclopedia of
Religion and a review-essay
entitled "Conservative Judaism:
Then and Now" in Conservative
ludaism. Carl Schultz (Ph.D. '73),
professor of Old Testament, is
chair of the Division of Religion
and Philosophy at Houghton
College. Forthcoming from Joseph
P. Schultz (Ph.D. '62), Oppenstein
Brothers Distinguished Professor
of Judaic Studies at the University
of Missouri-Kansas City, and Lois
S. Spatz is Sinai and Olympus: A
Dialogue on Two Seminal
Civilizations. Gerald L. Showstack
(M.A., '72, Heller School, M.A. '80,
Sociology, M.A. '81, Ph.D. '83),
director of the Human Services
Development Unit at Humphrey
Institute for Social Ecology at Ben-
Gurion University of the Negev
and director of Arad Arts Project
and Program Development at
WUJS International Graduate
Center for Hebrew and Jewish
Studies in Israel, edited
Proceedings of the Institute for
Distinguished Community
Leaders, 1986-1990. Michael C.
Steinlauf (Ph.D. '88), assistant
professor of history at Gratz
College m Pennsylvania, has
written several articles on Polish-
Jewish theater. He was awarded an
International Research and
Exchange Board (IREX) grant for
independent short-term research in
Poland in 1990 and an American
Council of Learned Societies/
Social Science Research Council
Fellowship in 1988-89. Shelly
Tenenbaum (Ph.D. '86, Ph.D. '86,
Sociology), assistant professor of
sociology and adjunct assistant
1 studies at Clark
hed articles
arch on
credit networks
forthcoming,
'apital: The
sh Loan
nited States.
msh Studies.
'6, a New York
itive of Lynn,
m August 11.
11 with cancer,
ned a private
hief psychiatrist
nit of the New
jspital. He is
■ents, Samuel
ana mimrea rmKie, brother.
Attorney Bruce N. Finkle, and
sister, Ellen S. Finkle. lerrold L.
Winer '56 of Andover and
Falmouth, MA, passed away
suddenly August 5. He is survived
by his wife, Barbara Labell
Winer, sons, Mark and Bradley
Winer, and sister, Joan Balada, of
Pittsburgh, PA
she graduated with
August after comph
as the chairman's ft
now employed as a
small publisher in J
Daniel A. Rabinowi
first year at the Uni
Chicago Law Schoo
past summer, he die
appellate work for t
Illinois. Matias A. I
financial analyst at
Brothers' Latin Am^
New York City. An
Roberts received an
from the Heller Sch
and participated in
during the 1991-92
won the (ames W. t
Memorial Award fr'
of Brandeis Athletic
was an Adidas Acai
American who was awarded the
ECAC Award of Valor. Laura
Schenkman is in a Ph.D. program
in genetics at the University of
Wisconsin. Esther Sherrow is in
Prague, Czechoslovakia, keeping
body and soul together by teaching
English and selling fabric designs.
She IS also doing art and breathing
deeply the creative atmosphere of
Prague. Ellen Schlactus completed
a year of teaching in an inner-city
school in New Orleans as part of
the Teach for America Program.
She is interested in speaking with
anyone involved in the educational
field outside of the classroom.
David S. Schorr is a portfolio and
research analyst of a fund worth
$25 million. Kevin B. Sthwenk
spent last year in Washington, DC,
working for several nonprofit
organizations before beginning a
Ph.D. program at Brown
University in economics while his
fiancee, Deborah Block, is taking
ecology courses at the University
of Massachusetts, Boston. They
live together in Providence, RI,
where he works part-time and both
reiiijin ,iLti\e in the animal rights
miivLiiiLiu liinathan Segal worked
tor the p.ist ve.n selling outdoor
gear and clothing for Recreational
Equipment Inc. in Chicago and has
started medical school at the
University of Chicago. Rachel
Silber is still "drifting," but says
she has had one of the most
educational and enriching years of
her life in the "college of the real
world." Deborah Slavkin is head
teacher at a nursery school and
youth director for a reform temple.
She is also completing an M.A, in
school counseling from Hofstra
University and is a Long Island
alumni interviewer for Brandeis.
After backpacking through Europe
and being registrar at her mother's
real estate school, Susannah R.
Spodek headed to Japan where she
obtained a work visa for
employment in a film company
Prospective Student Referral
Office of Admissions
Brandeis University
P.O. Box 9110
Waltham, MA 02254-91 10
kids are wonderful and make the
experience very worthwhile. liana
D. Treston is taking graduate
studies on a full scholarship at the
Fletcher School of Law and
Diplomacy, Tufts University in
Medford, MA. In addition, she
spent last summer studying
language at American University
in Cairo on a research project and
tr.iveling tbiinigh Israel. After
,i;r.Kiu,ition, Paul R. Tursky worked
t.i, iiiiRiiinnths and then traveled
tolsi.icl.l.rccLcandltaly. Heis
now a production intern at a
professional summer theater in
Wisconsin doing set construction,
lights and sound. He is enioying
may be In : i i
wlthAncI, |.. nl 'n-.nlMn:'m
Hartford, CT Jeremy S. Woodburn
spent time in Portland, OR, and in
southern Europe before returning
to the Boston area where he is
attending Harvard Law School.
Julian Zelizer completed his first
year of a Ph.D. program in history
at Johns Hopkins University with
particular focus on the 20th
century political history of the
United States. He presented a
paper entitled "We are all
Keynesians Now: The Political
Culture of the American State and
Tax Reform, 1961-64."
'92
Beth C. Manes, Class
Correspondent, c/o Brandeis Offic
of Alumni Relations, P.O. Box
91 10, Waltham, MA 02254-91 10
Kim Suk-Won, chairman of
Korea's fifth largest company, the
Ssangyong Business Group, was
appointed to the Board of
Overseers of the Lemberg Progran
by Brandeis President Samuel
Thier.
He spent the 1991-92 term on
sabbatical as a visiting
commonwealth fellow in the
political science department at
Dalhousie University in Halifax,
NivaScitia Canida David M
Austin |l h II ( ) H II 1 S li I
(Ph.D. 'SJ, English) published a
book, Tusker Street, which was the
1991 winner of the Juniper Prize,
the annual poetry award sponsored
by the University of
Massachusetts Press His first
book of poems Little Star
National Poetry Sliils slIl(
David All tin
Work and Bert Kruger Smith
Centennial Professor in Social
Work at the University of Texas at
Austin, was the 1992 recipient of
the National Association of Social
Workers Presidential Award for
Excellence in Social Work
Research. He also received the
Association for Community
Organization and Social
Administration Award for Lifetime
Achievement in the Teaching of
Social Administration and chaired
the national Task Force on Social
Work Research, which produced
an extensive report with far-
reaching recommendations for
changes in the development and
funding of social work research.
Samuel J. Bernstein |M.A. '63,
Ph.D. '64, EnglishI was the June
1992 recipient of Northeastern
University's Excellence in
Teaching Award. He is a professor
of English and author of Strands
Entwined, a book on contemporary
American drama. Leslie Brown
(Ph.D. '92, Physicsl joined the
Murk Halhda\
critical study, Stevens and the
Interpersonal, published in I99I.
He teaches at Wilmington Friends
School in Delaware and lives in
Philadelphia, PA. Jesse Mavro
IM.F.A., '91, Theater) had her short
story "Eating Wisdom," published
in the upcoming Women on
Women, an anthology of short
stories by women. Grantland S.
Rice (M.A. '91, English) is in the
process of completing a Ph.D. in
English literature at Brandeis.
64 Brandeis Review
Beginning with this issue, news
fiom various graduate programs
will be sought through graduate
program mailings. This issue
features responses from the Near
Eastern and Judaic Studies
department. -Ed. Note
NEJS
Howard Adelman (74, M.A., '77,
History, Ph.D. '85|, associate
professor of Jewish studies at
Smith College, has written a
number of articles, including
"Jewish Studies: Are They
Ethnic?" from Explorations in
Ethnic Studies, which was
reprinted from the original m
Transforming the Curriculum:
Ethnic Studies and Women's
Studies. He also published "Italian
Jewish Women" in Jewish Women
in Historical Perspective. Warren
Bargad |M.A. 70, Ph.D. 71| is an
associate professor of English in
Hebrew Literature and the Samuel
M. Melton Professor of Jewish
Studies at the University of
Florida. His publication of Amir
Gilboa: The Last Romantic is
forthcoming. AUon Gal (M.A.70,
Ph.D. 76) is an associate professor
at the Ben-Gurion Research Center
and history department and chair
and founder of the Center for the
Study of North American Jewry at
the Ben-Gurion University of the
Negev. He published The
Changing Concept of 'Mission ' in
American Reform Judaism and
David Ben-Gurion and the
American Alignment for a Jewish
State. Arthur E. Green (B.A. '61,
Ph.D. '75) has been president of
the Reconstructionist Rabbinical
College since 1987. He published
Seek My Face. Speak My Name: A
Contemporary Jewish Theology.
Avraham Greenbaum (Ph.D. '58) is
a senior lecturer in the
Department of lewish History at
the University of Haifa and a
research associate at the Ben-Zion
Dinur Institute for the Study of
Jewish History, Hebrew University
of Jerusalem. Hillel Goldberg
IM.A. '72, Ph.D. '78) is executive
editor of the Intermountam Jewish
News and published The Fire
Within: The Living Heritage of the
Musat Movement and
Illuminating the Generations: The
Second Volume of the Fire Within.
Harold S. Jaye ('67, M.A. '70, Ph.D.
'80) IS an instructor in humanities
and history in the Division of
Humanities and Social Science at
Central Florida Community
College. He is also a part-time
rabbi at Temple B'nai Darom.
Martin Kessler (MA. '64, Ph.D.
'65) retired from an 1 1 -year
pastorate at Trinity Lutheran
Church in Danville, where he now
teaches a course in biblical
Hebrew. Benny Kraut (M.A. '74,
Ph.D. '75) IS professor and director
of the Judaic Studies Program at
the University of Cincinnati. He
published "A Wary Collaboration:
Jews and Catholics on the
Estabhshment's Goodwill
Movement in the 1920s," in
Between the Times: The Travail
of the Protestant Establishment in
America. 1900-1960. He received
the University of Cincinnati Dolly
Cohen Award for Teaching
Excellence m 1991, as well as the
McMicken College of Arts and
Sciences Dean's Award for
Distinguished Teaching and the
Greater Cincinnati Consortium of
Colleges and Universities
Recognition for Excellence in
Teaching. Haim Kreisel ('72, M.A.
'80, Ph.D. '81) is a senior lecturer
m Jewish thought and the Harry
Walsh Career Development Chair
in Jewish Law and Ethics in the
history department at Ben-Gurion
University of the Negev. He
received both a Memorial
Foundation grant and a faculty
research grant. Martin Lockshin
(M.A. '79, Ph.D. '84) is associate
professor and coordinator of
religious studies at York
University in Toronto, Canada.
His Rabbi Samuel ben Meir's
Commentary on Genesis: An
Annotated Translation won the
Toronto Jewish Congress prize for
the best Canadian book in biblical
studies, 1989-1991. Frances
Malino (M.A. '70, Ph.D. '71), the
Sophia Moses Robison Professor of
Jewish Studies and History at
Wellesley College, published "The
Right to be Equal: Zalkind
Hourwitz and the Revolution of
1789" in East and West Jews in a
Changing Europe. She was
awarded the ACLS travel grant, the
Healey research grant and was an
elected guest research fellow at
Wolfson College, Oxford. Daniel
C. Matt ('72, M.A. '76, Ph.D. '78) is
a professor at the Center for Jewish
Studies in the Graduate
Theological Union in Berkeley,
CA. He served as Lady Davis
Visiting Professor at the Hebrew
University, where he taught in the
Department of Jewish Thought. He
was in Israel during the Persian
Gulf War, but went to Cyprus
during the Scud attacks. He is now
working on a critical edition of the
Zohar, together with a team of
international scholars. His chapter
"New-Ancient Words: The
Zohar's Aura of Secrecy," in
Proceedings of the Sixth
International Conference on the
History of Jewish Mysticism is
forthcoming. Renee Levine
Melammed (M.A. '78, Hornstein
Program, Ph.D. '83) is a scholar-in-
residence in Judaic studies at
Franklin and Marshall College. She
was a fellow at the Annenberg
Research Institute and received an
American Philosophical Society
grant. She published "Sephardi
Women in the Medieval and Early
Modem Period" in Jewish Women
in Historical Perspective. Carol
Meyers (M.A. '66, Ph.D. '75) is a
professor in the Department of
Religion and acting director of the
Women's Studies Program at Duke
University. She is also codirector
of the Joint Sepphoris Project at
Duke and the Hebrew University
She published
If the .Ancient
.: ^ //:W,n-withE.
■.'. ithE.
Excavc
Syno;:.'
Mycr-
NetZL.
Rosenl
'70),
Ph.D.
abbi
Community Center of Long Beach
Island, NJ, is a fellow of the
Temple University Center for
American Jewish History in
cooperation with the American
Jewish committee. He published
an article, "Conservative
Judaism," in the Encyclopedia of
Religion and a review-essay
entitled "Conservative Judaism:
Then and Now" in Conservative
Judaism. Carl Schultz (Ph.D. '73),
professor of Old Testament, is
chair of the Division of Religion
and Philosophy at Houghton
College. Forthcoming from Joseph
P. Schultz (Ph.D. '62), Oppenstein
Brothers Distinguished Professor
of Judaic Studies at the University
of Missouri-Kansas City, and Lois
S. Spatz is Sinai and Olympus: A
Dialogue on Two Seminal
Civilizations. Gerald L. Showstack
(M.A., '72, Heller School, M.A. '80,
Sociology, M.A. '81, Ph.D. '83),
director of the Human Services
Development Unit at Humphrey
Institute for Social Ecology at Ben-
Gurion University of the Negev
and director of Arad Arts Project
and Program Development at
WUJS International Graduate
Center for Hebrew and Jewish
Studies in Israel, edited
Proceedings of the Institute for
Distinguished Community
Leaders. 1986-1990. Michael C.
Steinlauf (Ph.D. '88), assistant
professor of history at Gratz
College in Pennsylvania, has
written several articles on Polish-
Jewish theater. He was awarded an
International Research and
Exchange Board (IREX) grant for
independent short-term research in
Poland m 1990 and an American
Council of Learned Societies/
Social Science Research Council
Fellowship in 1988-89. Shelly
Tenenbaum (Ph.D. '86, Ph.D. '86,
Sociology), assistant professor of
sociology and adjun
professiii nt Icwish studies at Clark
Univeisitv, published articles
related t.ihLireseaiLh on
immigrant Jewish credit networks
and two books are forthcoming.
Immigrants and Capital: The
Emergence of Jewish Loan
Societies m the United States.
1880-1945 and Feminist
Perspectives on Jewish Studies.
Obituaries
Joseph C. Finkle '76, a New York
psychiatrist and native of Lynn,
MA, passed away on August 1 1 .
Before he became ill with cancer.
Dr. Finkle maintained a private
practice and was chief psychiatrist
in the diagnostic unit of the New
York Foundling Hospital. He is
survived by his parents, Samuel
and Mildred Finkle, brother.
Attorney Bruce N. Finkle, and
sister, Ellen S. Finkle. Jerrold L.
Winer '56 of Andover and
Falmouth, MA, passed away
suddenly August 5. He is survived
by his wife, Barbara Labell
Winer, sons, Mark and Bradlev
Winer, and sister, Joan Baladal of
Pittsburgh, PA
MS?
!i- f
mw^
Cofdiicatioiial and iioiisiMtmnan,
litanclfis i(i(la\ ciinills a diverse
sliuleiil l)()(lv (lia\Mi iVdin all 50
states and more than 50 coimtiies.
Total emollment iiicliidiiig some
900 graduate students is
approxiitiately 3,700. The student
faculty ratio is approximately 9:1.
Eiu-ich the Experience
Office of the iViumal Fund
P.O. Box 9110
Waltham, MA 02254-9110
you look for the opportunities,
the professors are willing to
teach you. In my department, for
example, you can tell the
professors that you are interested
in a particular area of study, and
ask them to set up independent
study for you, and they are
perfectly willing to do so. If they
don't have enough people for
a class, they can give you a totally
independent study, even if It's
just for one student, three times
a week."
Schoiarsliip and financial aid ate
fimdamental to the strength and
qualit}' of the student body; 45
percent of the Brandeis sUidents
receive need-based financial
assistance with an average total
award of close to $17,000. Gifts to
tJK' iiiandeis Annual Fiuid help to
complric linanciai aid packages
for gifted stndents, as well as
support faculty salaries. Aimual
Fmid dollars augment important
reseanii iniliali\es dial challenge
the sindenis, licl|iirig ihcni \i>
realize llial al Brandeis. anylliing
is possiljle.
Your gift today, or by the close
of our fif^eal year on June 30, will
help to enrich the Brandeis
experience. To make a gift, or
for acl(lili<»nal information,
phase call (he Oflice of the
Annual I inul at (> 17-736-4040.
The Justice Brandeis Society
Annual contributors of $1 ,000 or more
become members of the Justice Brandeis
Society, the recognition club for the
University's most dedicated supporters.
As a member, you will be listed in the
Justice Brandeis Society Honor Roll and
invited to attend special events
recognizing your leadership.
You will join a group of individuals taking
the lead in creating a strong and
successful future for the University.
Annual Membership Levels
Member $1 ,000-$2,499
The Castle Club $2,500-$4,999
The Emet Club $5,000-$9,999
The President's Circle $1 0,000-$24,999
The Supreme Court $25,000-$99,999
Lifetime Membership Levels
Benefactor $100,000-$499,999
Grand Benefactor $500,000-$999,999
Founder $1 ,000,000+
]
Please see
indeis Review
Class Notes to
complete
the prospective
student
referral card.
Memorializing the Holocaust:
Specific or
Universal Tragedy?
'aluates Brandeis
ifter 20 years of
; art in the real world
Michael Hauptman '73>
8
■t aficionado?
ly chemistry?
Brenda Marder
16
ad's granddaughter
family relationships
Sophie Freud, Ph.D. 70
20
laped, sustained"
The debate continues
at the United States Holocaust
Memorial Museum
Stephen Bluestone '61
Ha Jin, M.A. '89, Ph.D. '91
H. Peter Karoff '59
Sydra Mallery '93
Linda Pastan, M.A. '58
Catherine Steams, M.A. '84,
Ph.D. '85
Elaine Heumann Gurian '58
and Bennett Samson
Where Have
All the Generalists Gone?
Primary care physicians lay
at the core of health care reform
Marilyn Appel '54
i
k!
Around the University
41 Class Notes
Faculty Notes
Natasha Ensign '92
Fairbanks, Alaska
'At Brandeis,
nearly
everything is
possible
because you are actually
taught to be self-directed, which
I think is valuable.
And once you go back out
into the real world, I think you're
better off."
Coedmalional and iioiiscctariaii,
Braiideis loday (mhoIIs a diverse
student body drawn Inini all 50
states and more tliaii 50 couii tries.
Total enrollment including some
900 graduate students is
approximately 3,700. The student
faculty ratio is approximately 9: 1 .
Eiirich the Experience
Office of die Aiuiiial Fiuid
P.O. Box 91 10
Waltham, MA 02254-91 10
you look for the opportunities,
the professors are willing to
teach you. In my department, for
example, you can tell the
professors that you are interested
in a particular area of study, and
ask them to set up independent
study for you, and they are
perfectly willing to do so. If they
don't have enough people for
a class, they can give you a totally
independent study, even if it's
just for one student, three times
a week."
Scholarship and financial aid arc
fundamental to the strength and
(|nality of the student body; 45
pircctii of the Brandeis students
nreixrn,.c,ld.asr,innancial
award (ilClusr i,, ST. ()()(). Cilislo
ihcHraiidi'i. Aiiiiual I'lindhelpto
r.iniplci,. niian.ialaidpa.kagcs
lor gifted stiideuls, as well as
support faculty salaries. Aimual
Fund ilollars augment important
reseanl:iMiliali\,>llial.liallen-e
thesludenl-. Iirlpni- llieui to
realize thai al Urandeis. auytliing
is possible.
^ our gif( today, or by the close
of our fiscal year on June 30. will
help to enrich the Brandeis
experience. "Po make a gift, or
for additional information,
please call the Office of the
Annual Fund at 617-736-4040.
The Justice Brandeis Society %
Annual contributors of $1 ,000 or more
become members of the Justice Brandeis
Society, the recognition club for the
University's most dedicated supporters.
As a member, you will be listed in the
Justice Brandeis Society Honor Roll and
Invited to attend special events
recognizing your leadership.
You will join a group of individuals taking
the lead in creating a strong and
successful future for the University.
Annual lUlembership Lc
Member $1 ,000-$2,499
The Castle Club $2,500-$4,999
The Emet Club $5,000-$9,999
The President's Circle $10,000-$24,999
The Supreme Court $25,000-$99,999
Lifetime Membership Levels
Benefactor $100,000-$499,999
Grand Benefactor $500,000-$999,999
Founder $1 ,000,000+ 1
Spring 1993
Brandeis Review
Number 4
From Cocky Student to
Seasoned Diplomat;
An Architect Matures
An alum reevaluates Brandeis
architecture after 20 years of
practicing the art in the real world
Michael Hauptman 73
Chemistry and Art: An
Intriguing Combination
Are you an art aficionado?
Why not study chemistry?
Brenda Marder
16
Stories of Growing Up
and Growing Old
Sigmund Freud's granddaughter
analyzes her family relationships
Sophie Freud, Ph.D. '70
Six
'Memory, shaped, sustained"
Stephen Bluestone '61
Ha Jin, M.A. '89, Ph.D. '92
H. Peter Karoff '59
Sydra Mallery '93
Linda Pastan, M.A. '58
Catherine Steams, M.A. '84,
Ph.D. '85
Memorializing the Holocaust:
Specific or
Universal Tragedy?
The debate continues
at the United States Holocaust
Memorial Museum
Elaine Heumann Gurian '58
and Bennett Samson
Where Have
All the Generalists Gone?
Primary care physicians lay
at the core of health care reform
Marilyn Appel '54
Around the University
Faculty Notes
41 Class Notes
Brandeis Review
Associate Vice President
for University AKairs
John Hose
Editorial Assistant
Veronica Blacquier
Student Assistants
Alissa DuBrow '96
Stacy Lefkowitz '93
Distribution/
Coordination
Nancy Maitland
Brandeis Review
Advisory Committee
1993
Teresa Amabile Lisa Herman Hills '82
Gerald S. Bernstein Michael Kalafatas '65
Edward Engelberg Jonathan Margolis '67
Irving R. Epstein Arthur H. Reis, Jr.
Lori Gans '83, M.M.HS.'86 Adrienne Rosenblatt '6
Janet Z. Giele Stephen J. Whitfield,
Jeffrey GoUand '61 PhD. '72
Unsolicited manuscripts
Postmaster;
are welcomed by the
Send address changes
editor. Submissions must
to Brandeis University
be accompanied by
Brandeis Review
a stamped, self-addressed
P.O. Box 91 10
envelope or the
Waltham, Massachusetts
RcWewwill not return
02254-9110
the manuscript.
Opinions expressed
Send to: The Editor,
in the Brandeis Review
Brandeis Review
are those of the
Brandeis University
authors and not
P.O. Box 9110
necessarily of the Editor
Waltham, Massachusetts
or Brandeis University.
02254-9110
©1993 Brandeis University
Bnindeis Review,
Office of Publications
Volume 12
Number4, Season 1993
University IVlagazme
Brandeis Review
Network
(ISSN 0273-71751
University Magazine
is published by
Network
Brandeis University
15 East Tenth Street
P.O. Box 91 10
Suite #2F
Waltham, Massachusetts
New York, NY 10003
02254-9110
212-228-1688
with tree distribution to
FAX 212-228-3897
alumni. Trustees, friends.
parents, faculty and staff.
Printed in the United
States
Cover by Brawer e)
Hauptman. Architects
from original
drawings bv Harrison
a Abramovitz.
Architects:
The Architects
Collaborative: Sasaki
Associates, Inc.:
and Hugh Stubbins
&> Associates. Inc.
As the Brandeis Review swings
from the editorial into the prepress
stage, it is the beginning of April —
mud-season in New England. Up
campus from our offices in
Ridgewood, patches of clean white
snow linger along the hillside as far
as Slosberg, reluctant to melt. By
the time you receive this issue, the
snow and mud will be replaced by
green grass and splashes of spring
color.
Amid the architectural splendors of
New England, Brandeis cannot be
cited as one of the most beautiful
cainpuses in the region. But after 45
years, its buildings have settled
comfortably into the landscape and
taken on a patina that comes with
age. The architecture is no longer
shockingly modem, but already has
assumed a period look: since 1948,
the world has moved from Bauhaus
to post-modem, post-industrial, or
post-ideological or post-something,
yet to be named, and Brandeis has
become a fixed landmark on the
map, west of Boston.
But if the Brandeis campus does not
stand out as the architectural gem
of New England, it is still a glorious
place to be. This winter, one of the
stormiest seasons in years, it lay
buried under mounds of snow.
Majestic in its white cover, the
campus gave the illusion of
expanding, its open places reaching
toward the frozen horizon: the
buildings, their rooftops piled with
snow, seemed as rooted in the soil
as the trees.
Only the hardiest of students
paused to eye the geese, ducks and
seagulls waddling across the tissue
of ice on Massell pond. We
wondered how students from
warmer climates, spending their
first winter at Brandeis, reacted to
the awesome power of weather in
New England. Did they share our
exhilaration, when standing in the
frosted evening, they saw the snow
stained to red by the sunset? We
hope that when graduates leave
here, they carry with them, along
with other riches, an enduring sense
of place that such winters inscribe
on the inhabitants.
In this issue, architect Michael
Hauptman '73, who has long been
obsessed with the architecture and
landscape of the campus, contrasts
his professional view of it now with
his reactions to it as a student. For
readers interested in new
approaches to leaming, we thought
Professor Michael Henchman's
course that teaches some science to
humanities students was an
experiment worth sharing. To add
an entirely different tone to the
issue, Sophie Freud, Ph.D. '70
analyses two key relationships in
her life, one from her childhood and
another from her adult days. Among
our alumni are inany who have
distinguished themselves as poets.
On these pages five of them, joined
by a senior, contribute some poems
that touch on childhood. Ever
bearing witness, we present an
article on the United States
Holocaust Memorial Museum,
which opened in April in
Washington, D.C. Finally, health
care reform, a burning issue,
receives attention from Marilyn
Appel '54, an expert on how the
primary care physician fits into the
picture.
With Commencement around the
comer, can spring be far behind?
Brenda Marder
The Editor
Around the University
Actress,
Humanitarian
Liv Uiimann to
Speak at
Commencement
World renowned actress and
humanitarian Liv Ullmann is
scheduled to deliver the
keynote address at the 42nd
Commencement exercises
May 23. More than 700
undergraduates are expected
to receive degrees, along with
a still-to-be-determined
number of master's and
Ph.D. candidates.
Ullmann, the Scandinavian
film and stage actress, is also
a best-selling author and vice
president international of the
International Refugee
Committee. Since 1980 she
has also served as Goodwill
Ambassador for UNICEF.
Brandeis will bestow
honorary degrees upon
Ullmann and five other
distinguished individuals
during the ceremony. They
are; Derek Bok, president of
Harvard University from
1971 to 1990; Henry E.
Hampton, president and
founder of Blackside Inc. and
creator and executive
producer of the award-
winning PBS series "Eyes on
the Prize"; former
ambassador Max M.
Kampelman, head of the U.S.
delegation to Negotiations
on Nuclear and Space Arms,
1985-89; scholar and author
Bernard Lewis, the Cleveland
E. Dodge Professor Emeritus
of Near Eastern Studies at
Princeton University; and
Sheldon M. Wolff, Endicott
Professor and chair of the
Department of Medicine,
Tufts University School of
Medicine, and physician-in-
chief at the New England
Medical Center.
Commencement will receive
full coverage in the August
issue of the Brandeis Review.
$10 Million Sought
for Volen
Science Center
Grant Will Aid
Restructuring
Brandeis University has
begun a $10 million fund-
raising campaign for the new
Benjamin and Mae Volen
National Center for Complex
Systems, which is scheduled
for completion in May 1994.
Proceeds from the campaign
will be combined with
funding from the federal
government, which is paying
roughlyhalf of the$16
million cost of the 59,000
square-foot center. The
facility will house
researchers from seven
disciplines — biology,
biochemistry, chemistry,
computer science, linguistics
and cognitive science,
physics and psychology —
which will work together to
unlock the mysteries of the
brain and intelligence. The
center will be linked to all
existing science buildings on
campus and is expected to
be one of the foremost
research facilities of its kind
in the country.
The University has received
a $300,000 grant from the
Andrew W. Mellon
Foundation "to advance
efforts to improve
educational effectiveness and
efficiency through curricular
or administrative
consolidation." The funds
will be used over the next
four years to support
implementation of the
restructuring plan approved
by the Board of Trustees last
fall. Specifically, the grant
will support: administrative
oversight of reforms in the
undergraduate curriculum;
administrative oversight
for consolidation of selected
doctoral programs and
development of revenue-
generating master's
degree programs;
computerization of human
resource systems for faculty
and staff; and estabhshment
of a presidential
discretionary fund to support
initiatives related to the
transition period.
3 Spring 1993
Brandeis Ranked
Sixth Nationally
in Basic Biological
Research
Study Will Evaluate
U.S. Drug
Tteatment
In an Institute for Scientific
Information (ISI) table
published in the January
issue of Science Watch,
Brandeis is ranked sixth
nationally of the top 12
universities in the field of
biological research. The data
place Brandeis in a virtual tie
with the University of
California, Berkeley.
Brandeis consistently ranked
among the top universities
in the basic biological
sciences based on the average
number of citations papers
by members of its faculty
received in science journals.
That criteria was used
for the latest table, "The
Dynamic Dozen: Top
Ranked U.S. Universities in
the Biological Sciences,"
which looked at data for the
period I981-I991.
The Science Watch text
accompanying the table
singled out Brandeis and the
University of Oregon for
making the list with the
hkes of Caltech, MIT,
Harvard, Yale and Stanford
universities. "These two
institutions, although small
in their output of papers
when compared to the other
10, pack a sizeable punch,"
the article said, "Their
impressive research record is
typically obscured by the
sheer number of papers put
out at universities such as
Yale, Stanford, or Harvard.
But when ranked on a
citations-per-paper basis, the
high impact of these two
institutions shines through."
According to the table,
Brandeis researchers
produced 1,692 articles
during the 1981-1991 period,
with 26,048 citations, and a
mean citation impact — or
average citation per paper —
of 15.39 times. Congress's
Office of Technology
Assessment issued a report
in 1992 that ranked Brandeis
ninth among 100 prestigious
research institutions
nationwide for average
number of citations papers
by members of its faculty
received in scientific journals
from 1981 to 1988.
The rankings in the latest
table, in order from one to
12, including number of
papers, citations and mean
citation impact (in
parentheses) are as follows:
Caltech, 2,327 and 56,994
(24.49); MIT, 6,078 and
141,543 (23.29); Rockefeller
University, 5,633 and
123,877 (21.99); Harvard
University, 34,374 and
582,626 (16.96); Stanford
University, 13,187 and
213,066 (16.16); University of
California, Berkeley, 8,461
and 130,193 (15.39); Brandeis,
1,692 and 26,048 (15.39);
Yale University, 15,223 and
228,273 (15.00); Washington
University, 12,731 and
183,273 (14.40); University of
Oregon, 1,834 and 26,255
(14.32); University of
California, San Diego, 13,070
and 185,111 (14.16);
University of California, San
Francisco, 20,049 and
281,213(14.03).
Palm Beach
Gathering Features
Former U.S. Surgeon
General; Rabbs
Donate $1 Million
Researchers at The Heller
School's Institute for Health
Policy have received a five-
year, $15 million contract —
one of the largest single
awards in the University's
history — to conduct a national
study on substance abuse
treatment services. The Drug
Services Research Survey will
be headed by Human Services
Research Professor Constance
Horgan, director of the
institute's substance abuse
department, with associate
research professors Helen
Levine Batten and Mary Ellen
Marsden. The first study to
analyze treatment systems
along national lines, it is being
funded by the U.S. Substance
Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration.
The Drug Services Research
Survey expands on a 1990
survey completed by the
institute's substance abuse
department at the request of
the White House. It will
collect nationally
representative data on drug
treatment facilities and the
organizations with which they
are affiliated and will study
clients in treatment. Brandeis
is being assisted by Westat Inc.
and the Center for Studies on
Addiction at the University of
Pennsylvania.
Friends and officials of the
University celebrated the
30th anniversary of the first
Brandeis meeting in Palm
Beach with a gathering that
featured former U.S. Surgeon
General C. Everett Koop.
The event was held in
February at the Palm Beach
home of Abraham Gosman,
primary benefactor of the
Gosman Sports and
Convocation Center. Koop
discussed the future of health
care in the United States.
The three-hour reception
was designed specifically to
show appreciation for the
many individuals and
families who have supported
and continue to support the
4 Brandeis Review
University. Norman and
Eleanor Rabb were honored
at the event for their lifetime
of service and generosity to
Brandeis. Mr. Rabb is a
founding Trustee of the
University and a major
benefactor of many areas of
campus, including the
School of Summer, Special
and Continuing Studies,
which is named in his and
Mrs. Rabb's honor. The
Rabbs have announced plans
to give SI million to the
University. University
officials are weighing
priorities before earmarking
this latest Rabb gift.
President Samuel O. Thiei,
left, awarding a gift of
appreciation of their lifetime
of support to Brandeis to
Norman and Eleanor Rabb
Rosenstiel Awards
Presented
Professor Paul Nurse of the
Department of Biochemistry,
Oxford University, and
Professor Leland Hartwell,
Department of Genetics,
University of Washington,
received the 1993 Rosenstiel
Awards for Distinguished
Work in Basic Medical
Research for their pioneering
and fruitful application of
genetic methods to define
and characterize the
molecules that control the
cukaryotic cell cycle.
Hartwell, who received his
Ph.D. from the
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, has worked at
the Salk Institute and held
faculty positions at the
University of California,
Irvine. The president of the
Genetics Society of America
in 1991, he has received
many awards, mcludmg the
Guggenheim Award, the
Hoffman LaRoche Mattia
Award and the Gairdner
Foundation Award. Nurse,
who received his Ph.D. from
the University of East
Anglia, is an international
lecturer and was the Iveagh
Professor of Microbiology at
the University of Oxford
from 1987 to 1991. Among
his awards are the CIBA
Medal of the U.K.
Biochemical Society, the
Louis Jeantet Prize and the
Gairdner Foundation Award.
The Rosenstiel Award was
established at Brandeis in
1971 to honor outstanding
life scientists for discoveries
of particular originality and
importance to basic medical
research. Recipients are
chosen on the advice of a
panel of experts from the
Boston-area biomedical
community. Among the
previous winners are nine
scientists who later went on
to win the Nobel Prize.
Brandeis
Celebrates Black
History Month
Because there is no one
definition of being black, the
theme of this year's Black
History Month was "To Be
Black," and highlighted the
positive aspects of black
American history. Some
events of Brandeis's Black
History Month celebration
included: a showing of
"African- American
Perspectives; The Lois Foster
Exhibition of Boston Area
Artists" at the Rose Art
Museum; a talk entitled
"Black Liberation of
Concentration Camps"; a
showing of the documentary
Liberators: Fighting on Two
Fronts in World War II. a
seminar for black students
sponsored by the
Festival of the Arts
The Brandeis University
1993 Festival of the Arts
took place on campus April
16-30, encompassing
performances, lectures and
exhibits in music, dance,
theater, poetry and the visual
arts. This year's festival
included performances of
R.U.R.; a lecture by Igor
Kipnis on the career of his
father, Metropolitan Opera
star Alexander Kipnis; a
performance of music from
the late 1 700s by Igor Kipnis
on his fortepiano; a talk on
the Rose Art Museum's
permanent collection
exhibition "PREFAB:
Reconsidering the Legacy of
the Sixties"; a concert of
Yiddish dance music; a
performance of A Woman 's
Voice: a program of music,
theater and dance presented
by faculty members Louise
Costigan, Jan Curtis, Susan
Dibble and Mary Lowry; and
a perfonnance of the
Brandeis Jazz Ensemble. The
University's Hiatt Career
Development Center; a film
and talk by Rev. Nathaniel
Mays, the Brandeis
Protestant chaplain, on
"Eurocentric Standards of
Beauty"; a lecture by Ibrahim
Sundiata, professor of African
and Afro- American studies,
on "Media Images of
Blacks"; a community
service day; and "Sister,
Sister," a one- woman
performance by Viney
Burrows, a black feminist.
Iduice Johnson '94 performs
an original work at the
opening of Black History
Month
1993 Creative Arts Awap
were presented to Claes
Oldenberg for art, Todd
Haynes for film, Debora
Greger for creative writing
and Arthur Kriegcr for music
Debora Greger, Todd
Haynes, Arthur Krieger,
Clnes Oldenburg
5 Spring 1993
Michal Regunberg
'72 Named Director
of Public Affairs
Obituary
Sports Notes
Michal Regunberg '72, a
journalist, political adviser
and communications
specialist, has been named
director of public affairs at
Brandeis. She has
responsibility for
implementing
communications and public
relations initiatives to
promote the faculty and
academic programs at the
University. She also is
responsible for monitoring
and coordinating Brandeis's
federal relations program and
for supervising the news
bureau and photography
department. Regunberg holds
advanced degrees in
journalism and pubic
administration from
Northwestern University
and the Kennedy School at
Harvard. Before accepting her
position and Brandeis, she
directed the Institute for
On the Road to
BUNWC
Democratic Communication
at Boston University, where
she taught undergraduate
and graduate courses.
Regunberg has worked at
WEEI/CBS radio in Boston,
where she was an award-
winning editorial writer,- as
producer of a weekly news
analysis show for pubhc
television in Dallas,- and as
director of communications
for the Massachusetts
Department of Public
Welfare. She served as issues
director for U.S. Senator John
F. Kerry's 1984 Senate
campaign, and as press
secretary for John Silber's
1990 Massachusetts
gubernatorial campaign.
Beatrice Sherman, a generous
benefactor to Brandeis
University, died in February
at the age of 97. She was a
1920 graduate of Emerson
College.
She and her late husband,
George, established the
George and Beatrice Sherman
Family Trust, which
endowed Sherman Hall at
Brandeis. She was a Fellow of
Brandeis University, an
honorary trustee of Boston
University, University
Hospital, Beth Israel
Hospital, Hebrew
Rehabilitation Center for the
Aged and an incorporator of
the Museum of Science in
Boston. Her son, Norton
Sherman, is a University
Fellow and has supported
Brandeis through the years,
particularly the Hornstein
Program in Jewish
Communal Service.
Home on the Charles
Everybody has a place they
call home. Dorothy had
Kansas. Clinton has Hope.
Brandeis crew has the
Charles River. In the past,
the river, which winds past
Waltham through Cambridge
and into Boston, was home
primarily to recreational
rowers and the Harvard
Crew. For years these lucky
few enjoyed the peaceful
river and the beauty along its
banks. But in recent years
many schools in the Boston
area, including Brandeis,
have formed their own
crews, opening the sport to
many new enthusiasts.
Brandeis crew is not a varsity
sport, so the road has not
been easy,- but the team has
risen to the challenge
through intense dedication.
Founded in 1985 by former
Brandeis faculty member
Phil Kesten, and some
adventurous students, the
crew began with no
equipment to call their own:
they borrowed boats and
boathouses from other crews.
Schroeder '93, Rachel
Burrows '93 and Adjunct
Professor of Theater Arts
John Bush Jones
6 Brandeis Review
Adjunct Professor of Theater
Arts John Bush Jones, Rachel
Burrows '93 and Rachel
Schroeder '93 entertain
guests at the National
Women's Committee's
Faculty Luncheon with their
own theatrical presentation,
\ "The Wendy Chronicles:
Wendy Wasserstein from
Holyoke to Heidi and
Beyond." Theirs was one of
40 lectures and presentations
made to Women's
Committee's chapters across
the country by faculty
members during
intersession. Now in its 20th
year, the Women's
Committee's University on
Wheels Program also
featured talks this year by
David Murray, assistant
professor of anthropology;
Gordon Fellman, associate
professor of sociology; Susan
Moeller, assistant professor
of American studies; Stephen
Whitfield, Max Richter
Professor of American
History; Jacob Cohen,
associate professor of
American studies; Alan
Levitan, associate professor
of English and American
literature; William Flesch,
associate professor of English
and American literature;
James Mandrell, associate
professor of Spanish and
comparative literature; Jan
Curtis, lecturer in theater
arts; and Rudolph Binion,
Leff Families Professor of
Modem European History.
For its first foray into the
Head of the Charles, the
largest annual 5,000 meter (3
mile) race held m the United
States, the crew bartered for
a boat. In exchange for
scraping paint off MIT's
boathouse, the crew was able
to use one of MIT's shells.
Unfortunately the skeg,
which helps steer the boat,
disengaged, causing accidents
with other boats and a last-
place finish. Eight years,
three coaches and many rows
later, the dedication has paid
off. Last semester, the
men's heavyweights, in a
Brandeis-owned boat,
finished only a minute
behind the top crew in their
Head of the Charles race.
Accomplishing goals in a
nontraditional manner is part
of the charm of Brandeis and
the crew works in that spirit
to get things done. Due to
the expense — boats cost
between $8,000 and $16,000
Below, women crew members
sitting by the Charles out of
season are, from left, feanie
Jung '95, Abra Greenberg '95,
Rachel Hanig '96 and
Michelle Jaeger '93
Right, rowing on the Charles
in season are. from left,
coxswain Jen Boyle '93,
Gideon Sanders '93, David
Runck '93, Mike Robinson
'95 and Josh Leichman '95
and each oar costs at least
$250— crew is often
considered a sport of the rich.
At Brandeis, crew is a club
sport, dependent on the
generosity of the Student
Senate and various
innovative activities for its
funding. Fund-raising
activities include selling t-
shirts, biannually selling
parents care packages, which
are handmade by team
members and delivered to
students during finals, and an
aimual Row-A-Thon. For this
event the ergometers
(commonly referred to as
ergs), which are rowing
machines, are moved into
the Usdan Student Center for
the day. There, team
members row in half-hour
increments. Sponsored by
friends, family and
professors, they earn money
for each meter rowed.
Though the crew may not
have a large budget, it is rich
in dedication. There are two
seasons for crew, fall and
spring. The fall race season
lasts only about three weeks
and is capped off by the Head
of the Charles in late
October. The spring season
begins in late March, when
the river is no longer covered
in ice. This season lasts
about six weeks, and is
capped off locally by the
New England
Championships, and
nationally by the Dad Vails,
which are held in
Philadelphia.
The crew hits the water in
early September and
practices lor three to four
weeks before an actual race
takes place. Water practices
consist of rising between 5
am and 5:30 am five days a
week so rowers can catch a
ride to the boathouse and
begin practice at 6 am. On
the water, rowers attempt to
improve their technique by
rowing up and down the
river and by practicing drills.
While this schedule sounds
arduous to outsiders, for
team members crew is an
addiction. Whether it is the
challenge of making multiple
bodies work as one, or the
click-click-whoosh noise
that comes with every
stroke, there is something
magical about the sport. In
addition to a good physical
workout, rowers enjoy
watching the sun rise in the
chilly mist and, during the
fall season, savoring New
England's spectacular foliage.
Once the fall season ends,
the rowers gain an hour of
sleep and move indoors to
the Gosman Center for their
training, commonly referred
to as land practice. Here they
divide their time between
aerobic and strength
conditioning, biking,
Stairmastering, weight
lifting, calisthenics and
plyometrics six days a week.
All this exercise and caily
morning activity makes
many non-rowers shudder.
OthLi students tease team
members, and some people
refuse to join because the
early hours for sleeping and
waking seem imposing.
But team members don't see
the routine that way. This
year crew recruiting signs
read, "It's not early, it's
family." Though the slogan
might sound corny to
outsiders, for those on the
team it rings true. "In my
four years on crew I've made
friendships that last," says
David Runck '93.
In addition to the benefit of a
family atmosphere, crew
members learn academic
discipline quickly. According
to head coach and former
rower Shaun Budka '89,
members of the team have
some of the highest GPAs
among student athletes at
Brandeis.
Signs of success have already
emerged, both this year in
the Head of the Charles, and
last year on two occasions.
The first came when the
men's lightweight boat
finished first in a race in
New Hampshire. The second
came at the New England
Championships, an
invitational race that not
only determines the best
crews in New England, but
whether or not a crew will be
invited to participate in the
Dad Vails. The men's
heavyweight boat surprised
everyone, defeating such top
crews as Tufts and longtime
rival Amherst, finishing
sixth overall.
The team races in two types
of boats: "fours," which hold
four rowers and a coxswain,
and "eights," which hold
eight rowers and a coxswain.
This past fall Brandeis Crew
purchased a four for use by
the lightweight women and
placed orders for a men's
lightweight four and eight as
well. In addition, a pair that
seats two was donated.
These boats bring the grand
total of Brandeis's fleet to
four fours, five eights and a
pair. It would seem that
Brandeis now has plenty of
boats, but most are not in
racing condition. Three of
the eights are made of wood
and are useful only for
teaching novices.
To help pay for these new
boats Brandeis Crew has
mounted its largest fund-
raiser to date. One boat
named after Brandeis's
Founding President, Abram
Sachar, and his wife, Thelma,
was unveiled and named in a
ceremony last spring.
In addition to these new
boats, Budka has added two
new coaches to his staff. Elly
Churchill, recently graduated
from Connecticut Wesleyan
where she was part of an
award-winning crew, has
taken over as the novice
women's coach. Kim Littel, a
former Tufts rower with
13 years of rowing
experience, has assumed
direction of the novice men's
program. Brandeis Crew is
looking forward to what
promises to be an exciting
future on the river they call
home, the Charles.
Michelle Jaeger '93
7 Spring 1993
From Cocky
Student to Seasoned
Diplomat:
An Architect
Matures
by Michael Haupfman 73
During my second year at Brandeis, I
wrote a paper called "The Architecture of
Brandeis University" for a survey course
in modern architecture. After visiting the
campus last fall, I pulled it from the
bottom of a box in my basement. The
paper described the history of Brandeis
architecture and the University's
development as a campus and detailed
a building-by-building cntique of every
structure. I had review/ed each building's
design evolution based upon renderings
of early schemes pulled from dusty
storage rooms and forgotten file
cabinets. I concluded by offering what I
had thought at the time was an insightful
"remedial" program to improve the
campus's built environment.
Wincing frequently, I made my painful
way through its 52 supercilious, insolent
and disparaging pages. Although I
credited the occasional design success
with a magnanimous nod to its
architects, I heaped the ultimate blame
for every all-to-common mediocrity and
perceived architectural shortfall squarely
in their laps. Now after 16 years of
architectural practice that includes the
design of numerous projects on college
campuses, I find my sophomoric
observations embarrassingly clumsy.
My awareness of tfie architectural
design process hiad matured.
While I was a student at Brandeis, my
interest in architecture mushroomed
into something close to an obsession. I
immersed myself in the architecture of
the campus with a zeal and solemnity
that would have made Howard Roark
look indifferent, and I was always
engrossed in a project that focused on
some aspect of campus design or
architectural history. I would wander
through the construction sites of Usdan
and Sachar in the late afternoons after
the workers had left and pore over the
foreman's drawings trying to envision
the finished building and understand
the construction process. This passion
led to my participation in an exhibit in
my junior year at the Rose Art Museum
celebrating 25 years of Brandeis
architecture entitled "Brandeis Under
Construction." The show included
hundreds of photographs, and featured
a number of essays and a walking tour.
My responsibilities included the
photography, the design and
production of the catalog and the
walking tour.
When I visited Brandeis last fall, 20
years had passed since I had spent my
undergraduate days there. As I
wandered down familiar walkways, I
carried an earlier image with me, a
picture that was slowly superimposed
by the numerous physical changes that
dotted the campus: a large new
building: a bridge over South Street; a
building, newly completed when I
attended classes there, now covered in
ivy.
At first, I noted no striking
environmental consequence from these
additions and alterations. But as I
analyzed, I became aware that the
accumulated effect of these campus
developments had signaled a new
phase: the campus, too, had matured.
The Brandeis campus during my tenure
in the early 1970s was the result of
over 20 years of nonstop construction.
Just before I arrived as a student, two
large projects, the Spingold Theater
and the Gerstenzang Science
Quadrangle, were completed. In the
tour years that I was an undergraduate,
Usdan Student Center, Sachar
International Center, Feldberg
Communications Center, Rosenstiel,
Lown, Mailman and Pollack were all
built. In addition, the remnants of the
old Library, which had spent its final
years as the Bookstore and Mailroom,
were demolished and Ullman
Amphitheater burned almost to the
ground one night dunng an eerie mid-
winter electrical storm. All of these
buildings were part of a vague, ever-
changing master plan and created a
campus that appeared at the time both
increasingly crowded yet somehow
incomplete.
"^^^51;
Brandeis's architecture had always
been unabashedly Modern, and it
strove, with varying degrees ot
success, for design excellence. Though
no project could be said to be at the
cutting edge of contemporary
architectural thought, a few buildings,
namely the three chapels and the
academic quadrangle (Shiftman,
Golding and Olin-Sang), gained
national attention as well-designed
groups of related structures.
The campus read as a primer of
mainstream postwar American
architecture. The earlier buildings of
Eero Saarinen (Ridgewood, 1948;
Sherman, 1952), Shepley Bulfinch
(Kalman, 1956) and Harrison &
Abramovitz (Pearlman, [formerly Rabb]
c. 1955; Stoneman, c. 1954; Morton
May, [formerly Mailman, soon to be
Shapiro] 1956) were all modest,
handsome structures that followed
strict International Style tenets,
softened by a romantic use of brick and
a more organic attitude toward siting.
Reflecting the early 1960s trend toward
the humanization of modern
architecture, more mannered designs,
including scalloped rooflines and
curvilinear forms, gained popularity. In
the mid-sixties, we saw more sculptural
designs that boldly expressed the
structural components of the building.
Those qualities found in the many
handsome projects by Benjamin
Thompson, including the academic
quadrangle and the social science
group (Lemberg, Brown and Schwartz
Halls), and the Rosenthal dormitories
by Sasaki, Dawson & DeMay,
improved the overall architectural
appearance of the Brandeis campus.
The architectural style represented by
the Thompson and Sasaki buildings
was adopted on campuses throughout
New England. Thompson's "Brandeis
Bench," ubiquitous throughout his
buildings on the campus, became a
staple of area college interiors.
Architect's sketch of
the Gasman Sports and
Convocation Center
Architecturally speaking, Brandeis,
founded in the late 1940s, never had to
shoulder the weight of history: even the
Castle, which by its sheer size,
eccentricity and ersatz historicism,
might have set an early stylistic tone for
the nascent campus design, was
largely ignored by succeeding
architects. Older campuses, founded
during more eclectic times, had
modelled their buildings on historic
styles and had been content to
continue their Georgian or Gothic or
Jacobean traditions well into this
century. With the advent of the Modern
movement and its universal
acceptance in the 1940s, campuses
were assaulted by buildings whose
scale and style fought with the
historicism of the existing buildings.
Students of architecture, until well into
the early 1 970s, were taught that the
use of historical imagery in modern
architecture was unthinkable. It was
generally accepted that the Art Deco
and Modern periods of the 1920s and
1930s represented spineless attempts
to feed Modernism to an unwilling
public, and had no real validity or
architectural significance.
By 1970, some fairly jarhng results
were visible on college campuses. To
soften the effect of new buildings on
old campuses, a few architects began
tentative experiments with
"contextualism," the practice of
designing a Modern building to defer to
its historical context. Paul Rudolph's art
center at Wellesley, for example, made
architectural news by using tracery-like
sunscreens and prominent vertical
skylights to harmonize with its
overwhelmingly Gothic setting.
Saarinen's Morse & Stiles Colleges at
Yale derived a decidedly medieval
quality from the use of rustic forms and
materials. Public policy began to
recognize historic preservation as a
desirable alternative to wholesale
replacement, although some early
attempts are considered disasters
today. Projects at Harvard and
Wellesley were applauded as visionary
where outdated interiors were gutted
and rebuilt as modern spaces, and
historical, multipaned window frames
were pulled and replaced with large
sheets of plate glass.
Although it was not obvious at the time,
the four years that I was at Brandeis
began a period of significant
architectural transition that continues
today. Robert Venturi, the Philadelphia
architect generally regarded as the
"father of Post-Modernism," published
his seminal work. Complexity and
Contradiction in Arciiitecture, in 1966.
Widely read, its influence was still very
much at the fringes of the profession.
His second book. Learning from Las
Vegas (1972), which would pull him
solidly into the inner circle of
architectural recognition, was just
reaching the bookstore shelves. The
influential "Beaux Arts" show at the
Museum of Modern Art (1974),
showcasing extravagant Neo-Classical
designs rendered in lush watercolors,
was about to be held, inspiring a
generation of architectural students to
reexplore turn-of-the-century design
and presentation techniques. And I.M.
Pel's controversial John Hancock
building was rising in Copley Square.
10 Brandeis Review
BS
^ ^ pn^ Bdiltllj EGm
iMtitiffii^ffii^
dD
u
To allay burgeoning fears of thiis
enormous modern intruder on the
delicate 1 9tfn-century square, its
designers created a ttiin unobtrusive
wedge form covered in mirrors in an
unconvincing effort to make it invisible.
Today, it is a greatly admired building
tfiat straddles the time line between the
demise of the minimalist and unloved
glass box and the start of the period of
expressive, sculptural skyscrapers. In
1973, its historical position was not yet
apparent. Philip Johnson's Boston
Public Library addition deferred to the
original building with its similar form
and use of materials, but he was still
several years away from his startling
AT&T building (1978), whose
Chippendale top finally gave Post-
Modernism its push into mainstream
corporate design and swept away the
Modern Movement's ban on historical
reference.
This freedom of expression, not at all
apparent in the early 1970s, is the
hallmark of architecture today. From
the vantage point of this freer attitude, I
could observe the evolution of the
Brandeis campus over the past 20
years during my recent visit. And the
professional experience over the last
several years of designing college
buildings has afforded me insight into
the remarkably collaborative process in
which the architect is but one player.
Architects, educated and trained to be
primarily designers, find themselves
placed in highly politicised settings,
where they are called upon to be
diplomats, salespeople and skilled
arbitrators as well. The design project, I
have learned over the years, should be
judged by the success of the process,
not necessarily by the final product.
The work our firm has done at a small
liberal arts college on Maryland's
Eastern Shore illustrates this point.
Though none of the original buildings
from its 18th-century founding has
survived, the campus is inescapably
Georgian in appearance. Like other
institutions of that vintage, the college
1 2 Brandeis Review
was able to maintain its stylistic
cohesion up until the 1960s by reviving
the Georgian motifs for every new
building constructed. Over the past 25
years, however, a number of bland,
poorly sited. Modern buildings have
been introduced that decline to
conform to the established style. The
effect is one of mediocrity.
In 1982. the new college president
initiated a program to redesign the
campus by encouraging more
distinctive architectural design and
cohesive campus planning. A new
master plan established strong axial
relationships between previously
unrelated buildings, and the liberating
effects of Postmodernism allowed new
buildings to borrow from the Georgian
precedent and strengthen the
campus's overall image.
An old, abandoned boiler house found
itself in a prominent location on one of
these new axes. Rather than tear it
down, the college elected to renovate it
as a new home for its growing fine arts
program. A handsome brick structure,
designed in a sort of "Industrial
Georgian" style, it had a double-height
basement space with no ground floor
level and a steep, gabled roof with
exposed trusses. When Brawer &
Hauptman became involved in the
project, a schematic design by another
architectural firm had already been
completed but was rejected due to an
anticipated cost overrun. The original
architects had shown no interest in
redesigning the project to bring it within
the budget, so we were asked to take
over the design. Because of the
sensitive circumstances surrounding
the replacement of the previous
architect, we would be working on the
project with the construction manager
and the college's planning director but
would have no relationship with the
donor or the art department.
Our charge was to work with a design
that was generally approved and find a
way to halve the cost. The major
components of the design were the
insertion of a floor at grade that would
create basement studios for
printmaking, sculpture and ceramics,
and first floor painting studio, with an
adjacent skylit gallery: a sunken
sculpture garden tied to a new entry
pavilion, enclosing an interior stair; and
a bi-level "cube" centrally located within
the painting studio that would have
interior storage, with blackboards, sinks
and drawers around its exterior and an
instructor's office on top.
Our first attempt at cost-cutting was a
design that eliminated the sculpture
garden, entry pavilion, skylights and
cube. We demonstrated that the
program requirements could be
adequately met within the walls of the
existing structure. We found a way to
open portions of the basement to light
from above, and we designed storage
for the painting studio that did not
interrupt the wonderful sense of light
and space that the high, gabled roof
provided. Although the new design was
within the budget, it was rejected. The
notion of an entry pavilion had to be
retained: it was felt that the boiler
house alone did not provide an image
of sufficient distinction to honor the
donor's generosity. The efforts to bring
natural light into the basement studios
proved unwelcome. Contemporary
thinking dictates that art objects that
will be viewed ultimately in artificially lit
galleries should be created in artificially
lit studios, thereby crushing my
memories of many happy hours spent
in Goldman-Schwartz looking up at the
trees through its huge, apparently
obsolete north-facing windows. The
skylight deletion survived, but the final
word on the cube elimination awaited
the completion of the building.
With the entry pavilion firmly
established as a given, our task was to
design a structure that was both
economical and distinguished. The
design would be sympathetic and
derivative, but unmistakably
contemporary. The pavilion's roofline
became one of the more controversial
aspects of the building. We felt that a
gable was too literal a reflection of the
existing building, and would appear
awkwardly one-dimensional: it would
look fine if the building were viewed
only from the front, but would be weak
from any other perspective. We
preferred a hipped roof, which seemed
to be a more three-dimensional
solution. For a meeting held to decide
the fate of the roof design, we created
a model with interchangeable roofs as
an effective device to illustrate our
point. Nonetheless, the gable was
chosen hands down.
The use of color played a significant
role in the design of the art center.
Paint can be an economical way to add
drama and delight to a budget-
conscious project. Our design called for
all of the exterior window frames to be
painted a deep forest green, the
Michael Hauptman
graduated from Brandeis
magna cum laude with
honors in fine arts in 1973
and received his master's
degree in architecture from
the University of
Pennsylvania's Graduate
School of Fine Arts. He
apprenticed at the
Philadelphia firm of Baker
Rothschild Horn BIyth where
he became an associate in
1979. In 1981 he joined the
Rothschild Company, which
specialized in rehabilitation,
adaptive reuse and historic
preservation. Hauptman was
project architect for a
number of large scale
restoration projects in
Philadelphia and central
Pennsylvania involving the
conversion of historically
certified schools and
commercial structures to
apartments.
In 1986, he became a
cofounder of Brawer &
Hauptman, Architects. In
addition to various
residential, commercial and
office renovation projects.
many of which were
historically certified, the firm
has designed numerous
college and university
projects. These include food
service, dining room and
convenience store projects
at Edinboro University and
Shippensburg University in
western and central
Pennsylvania: sorority and
fraternity house renovations
at the University of
Pennsylvania in
Philadelphia; office,
laboratory and lecture hall
renovations at Hahnemann
University in Philadelphia:
and the Constance Stuart
Larrabee Arts Center and
Hodson Hall Student Center
projects at Washington
College in Chestertown,
Maryland. Hauptman has
been teaching an
architectural workshop for
Temple University's Institute
for Continuing Studies since
1978. He lives in
Philadelphia with his wife
and two children. Hauptman
traveled to campus in April
to participate in the Sixth
Annual Brandeis
Architectural Symposium,
"The Master Plan: Campus
Design Past, Present and
Future. "
network of steel trusses supporting the
roof of the painting studio to be a bright
blue, and the recessed, cove-lit ceiling
of the entry pavilion to be a soft peach
color that would enhance the entry's
warm, inviting glow after dark. The
green windows created such an outcry
that they were repainted white before
we even had a chance to see them.
The blue trusses were rejected
because it was feared that any color
but white in any studio would adversely
affect the quality of the light. This
reasoning does not, however, explain
the elimination of the peach paint in the
lobby. The stair rail was allowed to
remain green although, I am told, it was
a close call.
Following the building's completion, the
art department determined that the
cube would indeed be built in the
middle of the painting studio. In an
effort to minimize the intrusion, we
proposed a modestly proportioned
structure that made use of transparent
materials and generous openings. The
department offered its own design that
was larger, taller and completely
opaque, a solution that was finally
constructed in the space. We think its
presence utterly changes the quality of
the space and the intent of the design.
The completion of the art center,
despite any controversy rooted in the
process or any disappointments felt by
its architects, was met with broad
satisfaction by the college and the
donor. As a result, we were asked to
design the renovations to the lower
level of the student center building, a
project with twice the budget and
scope. This project, which was to be
constructed in several phases, included
a new student lounge, snack bar and
student activity room and renovations
to the lobby and faculty dining room,
was led by a blue-ribbon panel of high
level administration members, food
service directors, staff and students.
This committee took part in every
14 Brandeis Review
design decision and attended every
presentation. Because tine group's
members were by no means of equal
status, nor did they speak at all times
with a single voice, it became part of
the architect's role to determine
tactfully which members to respond to
during the design process. In contrast
to the art center project, where we
were prevented from interacting directly
with the ultimate user and had no role
in its final furnishing, we were asked to
select the furniture, fabric, carpets,
lamps and paint colors for the student
center project. Except for one instance
of disagreement over the color of the
sofas, which was resolved by amicable
and diplomatic compromise, all of our
recommendations were adopted.
During the planning of the project a
new president was installed, with a new
agenda and a different set of priorities.
With the completion of the first phase,
the project is on indefinite hold,
awaiting further funding.
Our experience with both projects, and
with every campus design project we
have undertaken, has supported my
belief that producing a building is a
collaborative effort in which the
architect plays many roles. Although
the architects' successes are judged by
the product, it is their ability to
challenge, inspire or cajole their clients
into expressing their needs, and then to
synthesize those diverse and
sometimes conflicting chteha along
with other political, physical, regulatory
and aesthetic influences to produce a
building that satisfies as many of these
issues as possible.
I can now look at the Brandeis campus
with an appreciation for the
complicated design process that must
have preceded the construction
of many of its more ambitious projects.
As a student, I ridiculed the designs
of Usdan and the science quadrangle
where recognition of multiple donors
was manifest in a compartmentalized
building design with many distinct
entrances. As an architect, I
understand these realities and applaud
the artful solutions. The resulting
campus architecture may not always
reflect the most cost-effective use of
funds or the most efficient use of
space, but we must appreciate the
architect's skill for having found a
consensus that produced a unique
architectural statement.
I can also look at some of the newer
buildings on campus without any
lingering prejudices from the past. The
Farber Library by Harrison &
Abramovitz, the Gosman Center by
Sasaki & Associates and the
Hassenfeld Conference Center by
Harry Ellenzweig Associates all exhibit
an extraordinary sensitivity to their
sites, each improving their
surroundings by attention to massing,
detail and a strong attitude toward
"entry." (The unfortunate exception is
the Ziv residence complex that ignores
all of these issues.)
The most newly apparent aspect of
Brandeis's maturing is the integrating
use of landscape. In the past, each
building was landscaped as an
individual entity with no landscaping
master plan to address campuswide
issues. More recently, landscaping
around Ford Hall, the Libraries, Usdan
and the Castle have transformed those
areas into attractive open space. But
more significantly, the new landscaping
helps to control vistas and create
illusions that encourage discovery and
promote surprise. The jumble and
crowding of buildings has been
obscured, and architectural
perspectives now unfold slowly as the
observer moves through the campus,
closing one view as another opens.
The overall effect of this abundant,
informal planting, conversely, is one of
space and order.
As Postmodernism has allowed older
campuses to return to a more
comfortable historicism, the movement
has also sparked a more responsible
adherence to histohc preservation.
Brandeis. because of its youth, never
had to confront this issue before, so it
has no apparent preservation policy.
As a result, Sherman and Ridgewood,
the more significant Saarinen buildings,
which did possess some historical
consequence, have been renovated
into oblivion, and the refenestration of
the Castle was accomplished without
the sensitivity that a building of its
stature deserves.
Of all the individual additions to the
campus during the last two decades,
the most delightful, I found, is the
Squire Bridge over South Street. As an
idea whose time has been coming for
as long as Brandeis has been in
existence, the structure waited for the
right moment in architectural history to
be built. With an obvious nod to the
"medieval" Castle just up the hill, the
pedestrian bridge by Sasaki &
Associates, which only a few years ago
would have been a prosaic Modernist
span, provides a contemporary
structural statement, a welcoming
gatehouse for the campus and a strong
image with subtle medieval overtones.
The Squire Bridge does the job with
style and wit; even the name works.
Twenty years ago, I would have offered
a callow evaluation of the design,
ignoring the process, criticizing the
results and lambasting the architect. I
think I'm beginning to understand. ■
15 Spring 1993
Chemistry An Intriguing
and Art: Combination
by Brenda Marder
Among the nation's woes, the
dearth of scientists figures near the
top of the Ust. American high-
school students score miserably on
science assessment tests. The
National Assessment of Educational
Progress tests, administered
recently, show that less than half of
12th graders can evaluate science
experiments or apply scientific
principles. Equally distressing is the
implication that college students
taking the same tests might not fare
well either.
At imiversities across the nation,
educators are seeking creative ways
to present science to nonscience
majors. Many faculty members,
responding to students' complaints
that science is irrelevant, are
applying science to specific topics to
make it more meaningful.
At Brandeis, most faculty members
react with enthusiasm equal to their
students' as they introduce science
and technology into nonscience
classes. Professor Michael
Henchman, who has been doing
research and teaching chemistry for
30 years, is engaged with his
students in a new learning and
teaching adventure. This chemist,
with a lifelong fondness for art
kindled during his undergraduate
days at Cambridge, has now been
able to combine his two major
interests in a new course called
"Chemistry and Art." His course,
sponsored by the Sloan Foundation's
New Liberal Arts Project (NLA) and
introduced a year ago in spring
semester 1992 as an experiment, is
apparently not duplicated elsewhere
in the United States. He is teaching
it again this spring, this time, he
hopes, with many of the kinks
removed.
One of the most intriguing aspects
of the course, claims Henchman, is
that little is known about the
chemistry of works of art. But this is
also a problem because adequate
texts do not exist, a definite
disadvantage for both teacher and
student. But what excites the
British-bom chemist is that he
himself is learning as he teaches,
and in the process is collecting
essential material for this course —
slides, photographs and videotapes.
"People in the conservation field,
for instance, are rarely trained as
scientists. Most museums,"
Henchman explains, "have a
conservation department and a
separate scientific lab. The
scientists are pulled in as
consultants on specific conservation
problems." For professor and
students to investigate how
conservators and scientists
collaborate, say, on the restoration
of the Sistine Chapel ceiling,
involves them in the most
controversial topic of the present
time. "The scientific approach to art
is a recent development, which has
really only occurred in the last 20
years," explains Henchman.
The course, which satisfies a
science requirement, has three
themes: conservation, fabrication
(the scientific procedures that go
into the making of art) and
authentication. The shroud of
Turin, he points out, is a good
example of how science and
technology can test to authenticate
objects. "After decades of debate the
garment was shown conclusively to
be a fake four years ago, through
new techniques of carbon dating."
To draw humanities students, he
decided "to pick a topic, like art,
where people share a keen interest
and to show them that by leaming a
little science they can sharpen their
appreciation of art." Of the 40
students in the 1992 class about 25
percent were art majors, but most of
them were simply filling a science
requirement. For teaching aids, he
has recourse to art books, slides,
cuts from videos and laboratory
work.
Henchman was somewhat prepared
for the students' enthusiasm since
they all harbored a love for art; what
surprised him though, was how
much they enjoyed the laboratory.
In planning the course, he included
about five or six hours of lab work
"because science only means
something when you do
experiments — all the rest is just
air." He was apprehensive that they
would find the laboratory
experiments boring. They
complained, to his astonishment,
that the course ought to offer more
laboratory experiments. Henchman
was also amazed at their skill in the
lab. "They were every bit as good in
carrying out the various steps as our
regular science majors, an
extraordmary thing since they had
no science beyond the first few
years of high school."
In the lab. Henchman, along with a
teaching assistant, divided the class
into small groups and taught them
how to make measurements, record
and process the data. For instance,
they measured the density of a
Roman coin in a small glass device
that he developed for that purpose.
By way of demonstration in our
interview. Henchman fetches down
the measuring glass from his shelf,
fills it with water and slips a Roman
coin in it. The excess water shoots
out of a capillary. He weighs the
1 6 Brandeis Review
Michael Henchman,
professor of chemistry,
received his B.A. from
Cambridge University,
and his Ph.D. from Yale
University. Henchman,
who has been teaching at
Brandeis since 1967, is
currently engaged in
research on chemical
reactions in the gas phase,
how fast they proceed,
how they proceed and the
factors responsible. He
investigates the reactions
of charged species (ions).
Ionic reactions are
important in solution but
difficult to investigate
because solvent
molecules get in the way.
By investigating these
same reactions in the gas
Henchman points out
features of Seated Nude by
William Adolphe
Bouguereau
Collection Sterling a
phase without the
solvent, he explores the
role played by the solvent
m solution.
Vast deposits of
complicated molecules
have recently been
discovered deep in the
Milky Way. Most
chemicals are synthesized
at high temperatures —
mterstellar molecules are
formed at close to
absolute zero. He studies
the reactions that make
this possible. He
examines the reactions
occurring as satellites re-
enter the earth's
atmosphere at high
temperatures. The
purpose is to modify the
rocket exhaust chemically
so as to allow radio
communication with the
satellite during re-entry.
He has received many
honors and awards
including a Mellon
Fellowship at Yale
University, a Fulbright
Fellowship at the
University of Innsbruck,
Austria, and a Humboldt
Research Award at the
University of Gottingen.
17 Spring 1993
Weighing ancient
coins to
determine age
glass with the coin in the water and
then weighs it without the coin.
With a smile of satisfaction, he says
"that's how they measured the
density of the coin and by so doing
they learned something about the
composition of the coin. And we
can even date a coin if we know
something about the density."
In another laboratory experiment
the students synthesized the
pigment chromium oxide green,
which was first used by Monet in
his painting Le Petit Bras de la
Seine a Argenteuil. In yet another
experiment, the students studied
how the melting point of a metal is
lowered by alloying the metal with
a second metal; and they were able
to relate that to Benevenuto
Cellini's dramatic account, in his
autobiography of 1560, of the
casting of his statue Perseus.
Although at first Henchman's
misgivings were confined to the lab
experience, many students were
apprehensive about the whole
course. Wrote one student at the
end of the semester. "I was initially
hesitant in believing that science
had anything to do with art, and
visa versa.. ..After listening to the
lectures, watching some videos and
reading the books, I understood that
science was more than a casual
observer in art — it was an
influential companion."
As if to underscore the opinion that
students are turned away from
science because it seems irrelevant,
another student, who had a
comparatively strong science
background wrote, "The most
important thing I learned is how to
apply all of the scientific knowledge
I've picked up in the last three years
to the real world. I remember sitting
in chemistry thinking, 'When will I
ever use this stuff again?' Well, now
lean."
To Henchman, a particularly vivid
example of the interaction between
chemistry and art is provided by the
Impressionists. How was it that in
France in 1860, artists started to
represent the world in a new way? A
partial answer comes from the
dramatic developments that
occurred in French chemistry in the
first half of the 19th century. The
isolation of the metals known as the
transition elements led to new
compounds that were colored; and it
was these new colored
compounds — chrome yellow,
viridian, cobalt blue and others —
which the Impressionists were the
first to be able to use as pigments.
For a culminating activity, the
students had to write a major paper.
One student, for example, wrote on
the ruined Mark Rothko murals at
Harvard. To investigate the fading
of the paintings, she interviewed
curators at Harvard and called a
leading expert at lohns Hopkins for
an explanation of the pigments used
in the work. "She was delighted
with the process of writing on this
topic and by talking to the foremost
expert, she became as well informed
as anyone on this topic. We even
considered chemical ways of
reversing the fading," recalls
Henchman.
One project that Henchman points
to as a key attraction in the 1992
course was the restoration of the
Brancacci Chapel in Florence. For
this topic, he invited Ken Shulman,
who has written a book on the
subject, to lecture to the class. The
Brancacci Chapel is the classic
example of how fresco restoration
should be accomplished. The task
facing the restorer is daunting. To
solve the problems, one needs all
the skills of the historian, art
historian and restorer and all the
scientific resources of physical and
chemical techniques. What has to
be retrieved is the remains of the
original fresco (some maybe having
flaked oft) lying beneath layers of
dirt, cleaning residue and
overpainting (including fig leaves to
hide nudity!). Add to this salts
deposited on the surface of the
fresco, brought in by ground water
seeping through the masonry, with
the salts originating from air
pollution. The salts form blisters
destroying the image and ultimately
the fresco. Within the last 20 years,
restorers in Florence have devised a
chemical process to dissolve the
blisters with ammonium carbonate
solution, restoring the frescos to
their original form. "The chemistry
is not new; ironically the
application stems from the
catastrophic 1966 flood in Florence,
causing many chemists to devote
their creativity to the chemistry of
art restoration," says Henchman.
This spring semester when
Henchman ran the course again, he
was able to improve over last year
by reducing the number of students
to 25 to focus more intensely on the
lab work. He also plans to introduce
microscopes so that the class can
analyze pigments. Using a case
study approach, he has selected 10
objects of art that present some
chemistry problems, including
restoration of the ceiling of the
Sistine Chapel, a painting called
The Feast of the Gods, which has
undergone a very complicated
restoration and is mired in an
attribution problem, the Kouros
from the Getty Museum, which has
been at the center of a heated debate
concerning its authenticity, and
examples of Vermeer's paintings,
which have been forged by the
notorious van Meegeren.
Beside Henchman, among the dozen
or so faculty members that
benefitted from the Sloan grant, is
Adjunct Assistant Professor of
Classics Ann Koloski-Ostrow. Her
18 Brandeis Review
Introducing "technological
literacy"
course, a standard survey on the art
of Rome from around 800 BCE to
the end of the empire around 500
CE, thanks to the NLA Program can
now include a study of cement. "I
wanted students to appreciate that
the Romans were operating with
very high technology when they
constructed their buildings. How
could a masterpiece like the
Pantheon still be standing in 1993?
To answer that you have to be able
to investigate, test and compare
ancient concrete and contemporary
concrete."
Since Koloski-Ostrow is not a
scientist, she paired up with
Brandeis Assistant Professor of
Physics Robert Lange, who planned
the Science and Technology Studio,
where other experiments from the
NLA Program take place. Lange
introduced her to the basic texts on
the science of structural mechanics,
although she admits with some
humor that "It wasn't enough time
to turn a humanist into a structural
engineer."
From the ancient Latin text of
Vitruvius, used with a translation,
the class discovered the ratios of
materials: sand, lime, pebbles and
the like. Then they obtained a
manual from a cement company in
Waltham to determine how it made
up its cement and from these two
sources the class created small
bricks of cement. With a hydraulic
press, the students crushed the two
kinds of cement to examine how
they withstood the structural stress.
Next time she travels to Italy, she
intends to bring back some of the
indigenous ingredients to simulate
more accurately the ancient Roman
cement.
Out of 26 classes, Koloski-Ostrow
set up four separate sessions for this
experiment with cement. "This
venture gave the students a whole
new way of looldng at humanities,"
she says. Her course satisfied a
creative arts requirement.
The New Liberal Arts
(NLA) Program at
Brandeis was initiated by
the Alfred P. Sloan
Foundation in 1984 at over
35 colleges and
universities around the
country to increase the
"technological literacy" of
undergraduates majoring
in the humanities and
liberal arts. Brandeis was
one of the institutions
selected to participate in
the program, and the
Sloan Foundation
provided the funds to
support the curricular
modifications. The general
idea has been to introduce
elements of technology,
science and quantitative
reasoning into courses
that appeal to students in
the humanities and social
sciences. Although some
of the NLA courses have
been prepared by
members of the science
departments, the courses
themselves have been
specially designed for
nonsclence majors.
Brandeis has held special
workshops where
Instructors in humanistic
subjects can hone their
skills in teaching
technology and
quantitative methods of
analysis.
The courses developed by
the program have required
that special books and
reference material be
added to the library. Over
the years, more than
$20,000 of NLA funds have
been used to augment
Brandels's Libraries. The
most substantive
"product" of the NLA
Program has been the
Laboratory in the Social
Sciences and the Science
and Technology Studio.
The Laboratory in the
Social Sciences is a
computer facility, based
on unique software
developed by Associate
Professor of Sociology
Michael Macy, to teach
students how to use
quantitative methods to
analyze hypotheses and
propositions related to
topics in the social
sciences. The Science and
Technology Studio was
designed by Associate
Professor of Physics
Robert Lange to teach
technology by providing
non-technically oriented
students with "hands on"
experience. A major
portion of the NLA
courses is based on one
or the other of these two
facilities. The funding of
the NLA Program by the
Sloan Foundation came to
an end in 1992, but for
the immediate future
more than half of the
University's liberal arts
students will enroll in
NLA courses. By
launching these courses,
the NLA grant has
provided a base for
securing further funding.
Thus the development of
Henchman's Chemistry
and Art course has
recently been funded by
a $130,000 grant from the
National Science
Foundation, to
underwrite the
production of a text and
visual materials, so that
the course may be taught
elsewhere.
The most important
legacy of the NLA
Program, according to
Adjunct Assistant
Professor of
Anthropology Charles
Ziegler, NLA project
director, will be the
continued existence of a
body of courses
designed to appeal to the
interests of liberal arts
students, while providing
them with an opportunity
to learn more about
technology and
quantitative reasoning.
Henchman is not only eager to get
science across to nonscientists, but
is looking for ways to make science
more attractive to science majors.
"Half the first-year class takes
chemistry but only five percent
ultimately major in it. I think the
first-year class is put off by the
abstract material we teach. The
freshman course should contain
topics of general interest — the
chemistry of color, the science of
materials, the substances found on
the surface of the earth," he
concludes. Many of these ideas
crystallized as he taught science to
nonscientists.
But Brandeis has already noticed
some encouraging statistics in
science enrollments. Enrollment in
freshman chemistry increased by 35
percent between 1990 and 1991 and
an additional 22 percent between
1991 and 1992. "This is not a
transitory blip," says Attila Klein,
professor of biology and chair of the
biology department, who points out
another supporting statistic — a 39
percent increase in second year
biology enrollment between 1991
and 1992. To bolster this trend, it
would be a good time to put
Henchman's hunch to the test. ■
19 Spring 1993
Stories of
Growing Up
and
Growing Old
by Sophie Freud, Ph.D. 70
Growing Up
When my mother died at
the age of 84, 1 heard
myself say that it was the
right moment for her.
After all, I explained to
people, she would not
have been able to work
any longer, ending the
only activity that gave
meaning to her life.
Already, for a year or two,
the referral to her of
patients with speech
problems had become
infrequent, and she would
make more and more
statements like: "They
treat you like dirt in this
country when you get
old." Perhaps she might
have had to go to a
nursing home and
inevitably started to
quarrel with every other
resident whom she would,
perhaps rightly, view as
less intelligent and less
cultured than herself.
Naturally she would have
felt systematically
persecuted by the staff
20 Brandeis Review
while desperately trymg
to buy their favors with
small bottles of perfume
or perhaps candy. The
whole development was
all too predictable, and I
dreaded to think of it.
Only bittemess and
suffering lay ahead for my
poor mother, so I
reasoned, and her death
had come just at the right
moment. Yet, this had not
been her own view. She
had desperately wished to
continue to live and
searched all over the
world for some new
medication that might
stave off her cancer.
They say, in the many
books they write about
my grandfather, that he
too was relieved when his
93-year-old mother died. It
gave him permission, so
the saga goes, to die
himself, which he could
not have done while she
was living because his
death would have caused
her too much pain. It is of
course possible that he
was simply relieved to be
rid of the never-ending
presence of this bossy old
woman that may have
burdened his life.
I too may have been
simply relieved. After her
death I no longer dreaded
the ring of the telephone,
always anticipating her
complaining, unhappy
voice, tellmg mc ot the
latest unfair m)ury that
had been inflicted on her.
But even just her tales of
loneliness or perhaps
physical pain paralyzed
me with guilt and
helplessness, robbing me
of any capacity for a
normal empathic
response. Yes, it was a
relief to know that I
would never hear her
voice again.
Last summer, during my
long walks through Paris,
while listening to the
tapes of The Brothers
Kaiamazov, I almost
accidentally found myself
on the Avenue Marceau,
oiiL- ut the many that
converge like rays of sun
toward the Etoile. It was
on this avenue that my
mother and I had hved
during our stay in Paris
after we had escaped from
Vienna in 1938. To reach
our apartment, you had to
go through a courtyard:
our windows did not look
out on the avenue, a
situation that lowered the
rent while maintaining
the aura of "a good
address." The address was
important for my mother
perhaps because she was
hoping to use the
apartment for seeing
private patients. I
remember the place as
quite dark and dingy, yet
large enough for our
massive furniture from
'/)ie Freud was born in
\ anna in 1924. She is the
:;i dfiddaughter of
S i'^mund Freud. She had
wwkly "audiences" with
hnn until she was almost
1 4 vears old, when the
family left Vienna in
1938, two months after
the Austrian Anschluss.
Freud's parents separated
at that point: she and her
mother went to Paris,
where the "Growing Up"
story takes place, while
the rest of the Freud
family, including her
father, brother and
paternal grandparents
moved to London. She
and her mother left Paris
on bicycle in June 1940, a
few days before the
German army invaded
the city. They lived in
Nice until January 1942,
when they continued
their odyssey through
Casablanca and Lisbon
until they arrived in New
York City in November
1942.
Freud majored in
psychology at Radcliffe
College and graduated in
1946, after marrying Paul
Loewenstein during her
last year of college. The
other story, "Growing
Old, " has to do with that
relationship. She earned a
Master's in Social Work
from the Simmons
College School of Social
Work and worked part-
time as a social work
clinician while raising her
three children.
Freud earned a Ph.D. from
The Florence Heller
Graduate School for
Advanced Studies in
Social Welfare in 1970.
She joined the faculty of
the Simmons School of
Social Work as chair of
their Human Behavior
Sequence, a position she
held until her retirement
in 1992. She is the author
of My Three Mothers and
Other Passions.
Freud continues to teach
in the Simmons doctoral
program, where she has
developed two courses on
psychological thought
systems; chairs doctoral
dissertations in that
program-, volunteers at the
Cambridge Problem
Center, a counseling
clinic for low income
people; takes a program
on Mediation /Confhct
Resolution; leads national
workshops on theoretical
frames for clinical work;
writes scholarly papers;
and develops her fiction
writing.
Her son, George
Loewenstein, currently a
professor in decision-
making sciences at
Carnegie Mellon,
graduated from Brandeis
in 1978.
1 Hir former home. My own
1 ' H <m looked out on a drab
court. Neighbors had
complained that I was not
discreet in my undressing
habits and after that I
remembered to draw the
shades in the evening. The
furniture of my room
came from my father's
bedroom in Vienna. There
was a bed, a chest of
drawers and a desk. All
fine furniture, since my
father believed in having
nice things for himself. I
don't remember when I
learned that he was very
bitter that my mother had
kept his furniture in Paris,
rather than forwarding it
to London according to
their agreement. I must
not have known this at
the time, or I would have
been uncomfortable living
amidst stolen property.
The apartment was large
enough so that my room
was somewhat separate,
our bathroom dividing my
room from her bedroom
and living room. The
separation allowed me to
read for long hours into
the night without my
mother's noticing it. After
living half a year in
France, I had just learned
to read French without
effort and I devoured the
novels of Alexander
Dumas fils. I would read
night after night about the
adventures of the Three
Musketeers, properly
falling in love with one or
the other. After I had
finally eaten my way
through the entire series
of the musketeers, I
embarked with equal zest
and excitement on the
vengeful, endless tale of
the Count of Monte
Crista. That was the time
in my adolescence when I
felt it was mostly books
that made life worth
living.
We had arrived in Paris six
months earlier, in late
May of 1938, and I had
spent the late spring and
summer learning French,
passing an examination
the next fall that allowed
me to enter the French
lycee, albeit in a class that
was one year below my
actual age. The indignity
of being with younger
girls was not very great. I
was in any case a foreigner
and did not relate to the
other girls in my class.
But I had a happy
summer, that first season
in France. My mother, in
her own peculiar wisdom,
had found a summer camp
for me that was run by a
German couple, also
Jewish refugees. While we
all talked French, the
other children from the
camp also came from
international
backgrounds, and I had
21 Spring 1993
fitted in quite well. It was
the first summer I had not
spent with my mother,
either on the Italian
Adriatic or in the
Dolomites, and I had been
sad and glad to celebrate
my 14th birthday without
her. Already then it had
become a relief not to
spend time with my
mother. Most important I
had leamed to bicycle that
summer. I had grown up
as a protected city child
and the very idea of riding
a bicycle had never
entered my assumptive
world. The achievement
was very important,
perhaps comparable to my
children's leaming to
drive a car. However, my
mother forbid me to ride
the bicycle when I
returned to Paris at the
end of the summer. She
regarded it as too
dangerous, and could not
be persuaded otherwise.
The bicycle was stored in
a shed in the courtyard of
the Avenue Marceau.
The French lycee where I
had been admitted, Jean
de la Fontaine was its
name, was in Passy, near
the Bois de Boulogne,
about three miles from
our flat. To get there by
subway was not difficult,
and my mother gave me
weekly subway fare, plus
a small amount of pocket
money.
I decided to disobey my
mother and ride my
bicycle back and forth to
school. There was no
provision to park the
bicycle at the school, and I
could not contemplate the
threat of my most
precious possession
getting stolen. I negotiated
with a nearby garage to let
me park my bicycle there
for the cost of the daily
subway rides. My mother
was preoccupied with her
own survival and not
overly inquisitive of my
pursuits. She knew that I
was an extremely
obedient girl who did not
Left: Freud (and her mother,
see opposite page)
crossing from Marseille to
Casablanca in 1 942.
Below: Freud at age 8 with
her mother
Freud and her
mother in the 1 980s
need supervision. My
rides to school became
daily triumphs of mastery
and independence.
At that moment in French
tax history, a tax on
bicycles was instituted,
whereby the t 
TVNews
OpenLibrary