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BRITISH BASIDIOMYCETAE
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British Basidiomycetae
A HANDBOOK TO THE LARGER
BRITISH FUNGI
BY
CARLETON REA, B.C.L., M.A.
Hon. Member of the British Mycological Society and the
Cryptogamic Society of Scotland, Membre titulaire
de la Socie'te' Mycologique de France, etc.
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF
THE BRITISH MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY
CAMBRIDGE
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
1922
49791
Published August 1, 1922
At
AFTER thirty years of study of our British Basidiomycetae I
have ventured to write this text-book at the request of many
I mycological friends. The well-known classification of Fries is
£ now insufficient for modern requirements and must be altered to
embody the results obtained from a more detailed anatomical
and microscopical examination of these plants. The present work
is based chiefly on the excellent system set forth by N. Patouillard
v in his Essai taxonomique sur les families et les genres des Hymeno-
- 7 mycetes, published in 1900. Since this date several alterations
and additions to this scheme have been made, due to the in-
vestigations of the eminent mycologists J. Bresadola, E. A. Burt,
.5 H. Bourdot and A. Galzin, F. von Hoehnel and V. Litschauer, and
- Rene Maire. My very best thanks are due to Mr J. Ramsbottom
^ for his invaluable technical advice and assistance in the prepara-
tion of the manuscript and for kindly correcting the proof-sheets
of this work, and to Miss E. M. Wakefield for valuable information
\ respecting the Thelephoraceae. I am also very greatly indebted
. I to Messrs A. D. Cotton, C. H. Grinling, A. A. Pearson and J.
^ Ramsbottom for obtaining the large subsidy for the publication
of this work, to the generous contributors to the same, and to
The Royal Society for a grant-in-aid of £10.
CARLETON REA.
Wth June, 1922.
CONTENTS
PAGE
PREFACE v
INTRODUCTION ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . . . . xii
KEY TO THE DIVISIONS AND GENERA OF
BRITISH BASIDIOMYCETAE ... 1
TEXT 21
BIBLIOGRAPHY 746
INDEX . 755
IX
INTRODUCTION
FUNGI are non-chlorophyllous cryptogams reproduced by spores.
In the larger fungi these spores are borne either to the exterior
of a cell called the basidium or are contained within a sac-like
cell called the ascus. Fungi with basidia constitute the
BASIDIOMYCETAE, whilst those with asci are known as the
ASCOMYCETAE. The present work deals only with the former
group.
The Basidiomycetae were, until quite recently, divided into
two main groups, HYMENOMYCETAE and GASTEROMYCETAE : in
the former the spores are freely exposed to the air at maturity,
whilst in the latter they remain inclosed within the body of the
fungus. The spores on germination either give rise to threads or
hyphae (collectively known as the mycelium or spawn) or they
produce secondary spores termed sporidiola which on germina-
tion develop the mycelium. This mycelium constitutes the
vegetative portion of the fungus and consists of septate hyphae,
in some cases with lateral outgrowths known as clamp connections
which arise near the septa and connect two adjacent cells. The
mycelium is either filamentous or forms cord-like strands. At
their extremities the hyphae give rise to other hyphae which
terminate in basidia, sterile paraphyses which act as spacing
elements and in some cases other sterile cells termed cystidia.
These elements together constitute the hymenium and generally
form a homogeneous layer but in some of the Gasteromycetae the
basidia are irregularly distributed as in Scleroderma. The tissue
between the hymenial layers is known as the trama. The basidium
may consist either of a continuous cell, or be longitudinally
divided, or transversely septate. It is usually surmounted at the
apex by short stalks, the sterigmata, which bear the spores; some-
times these are lateral or arise from the division of the transversely
septate basidia: sometimes the spores are borne directly on the
hyphae. In some genera long vesicular hyphae are present which
traverse the tissue in various directions and these are often filled
with a granular coloured or colourless latex. The vegetative
hyphae constitute the main portion of the sporophore except in
x INTRODUCTION
the small effused forms. The hymenium may be spread over
radiating gills or plates as in the mushroom, line the interior of
tubes or pores as in Polyporus, cover teeth-like projections as in
Hydnum, be immersed in a gelatinous mass as in Tremella, or be
borne on variously shaped structures known as receptacles as in
the Phalloids.
The sporophore is of different shapes, e.g. globose as in puff-
balls, sessile with outstretched flaps as in Stereum, erect, clavate,
coralloid or dendroid as in Clavaria, or differentiated into dis-
tinct stem, pileus or cap and hymenium-bearing surface as in the
mushroom. When young the sporophore is often completely
surrounded by a universal veil or membrane termed the volva
which is ruptured by the growth of the stem and in many species
portions or traces of this remain permanently at the base of the
stem. A second membrane or partial veil consisting of either
interwoven or arachnoid threads often protects the hymenial
surface before it is mature and extends from the stem to the
margin of the pileus : it either disappears completely or remains
as a ring on the stem, or in appendiculate fragments at the
margin of the pileus. The wall surrounding the Gasteromycetae
is termed the peridium and consists of one, two, or more layers,
the exoperidium to the exterior and the endoperidium to the
interior. The peridium sometimes incloses separate hymenium-
bearing bodies, the peridiola, which are either free, attached by
a cord (funiculus) or form a compound structure. The contents
of the peridium are collectively known as the gleba ; in addition
to spores there are often certain threads, the capillitium, which
arise either directly from the base, from the walls of the peridium
or are attached to a denser central portion, the columdla.
In some cases the external walls of the hyphae deliquesce
and this gives a jelly-like consistency to the whole fungus as in
Tremella, whilst in other cases the deliquescence is confined to
certain areas and constitutes a valuable diagnostic feature. In
the genus Coprinus the edge of the gill gradually undergoes a
process of autodigestion which ensures the economical dispersion
of the spores. The tramal plates of many Gasteromycetae finally
dissolve and disappear. All fungi since they have no chlorophyll
and are thus unable to form carbohydrates are either saprophytes
obtaining their nourishment from dead organic matter or are
INTRODUCTION xi
parasites dependent on a living host. Sometimes the mycelium
forms a somewhat dense stratum (stroma) on which the receptacle
is seated or immersed; at other times it forms hard compact
masses known as sclerotia which often lie dormant for a con-
siderable length of time.
In more recent classifications the BASIDIOMYCETAE are
primarily divided into two main divisions, the HOMOBASIDIAE
and the HETEROBASIDIAE. In the former, the basidium is an
undivided cell usually clavate in shape: the spores on germina-
tion give rise to a mycelium which reproduces the sporophore.
In the latter, the basidia are either transversely, longitudinally,
or vertically septate, or sometimes continuous, but the spores on
germination give rise to sporidiola which germinate in their turn
to form the mycelium which reproduces the fruit body.
The HOMOBASIDIAE are divided into two main subdivisions
based upon their parasitic or saprophytic habit. The parasitic
forms constitute the subdivision EXOBASIDIINEAE, the sapro-
phytic forms the subdivision EU-HOMOBASIDIINEAE. The latter
are divided into the three orders Gasteromycetales, Agaricales and
Aphyllophorales.
The Gasteromycetales include the species having the hymenium
still surrounded at maturity by a peridium: the Agaricales have
the hymenium originally protected by a volva or a ring but at
maturity fully exposed, whilst the Aphyllophorales have the
hymenium exposed from the first.
The HETEROBASIDIAE are divided into four orders according
to the nature of the basidium, viz. Auriculariales, Tremellales,
Tulasnellales and Calocerales. In the Auriculariales the basidia
are transversely septate; in the Tremellales the basidia are
longitudinally, cruciately divided; the Tulasnellales have simple
basidia but the sterigmata are at first of such a wide diameter
that they were formerly considered to be spores, whilst the
Calocerales have cylindrical basidia terminated by two pointed,
usually long, sterigmata. All these orders are in general sapro-
phytic and have the hymenium fully exposed from the first but
the Auriculariales include the three parasitic suborders Puc-
ciniineae, Coleosporiineae and Ustilagineae which are not dealt
with in the present work and one suborder the Ecchynineae
which has the hymenium inclosed within a peridium at maturity.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
cm., centimetre.
mm., millimetre.
/x, one-thousandth part of a millimetre.
P., Pileus.
Pe., Peridium.
B., Receptacle.
st., stem.
v.v., Living specimens seen by the author.
KEY TO THE DIVISIONS AND GENERA
OF BRITISH BASIDIOMYCETAE
BASIDIOMYCETAE.
L ^ "I HOMOBASIDIAE.
II. Basidia longitudinally divided, trans- }
versely septate, or simple; spores pro-!- HETEBOBASIDIAE.
ducing sporidiola on germination J
HOMOBASIDIAE.
* EU-HOMOB ASIDIINE AE.
Saprophytes.
L GASTEROMYCETALES.
2. Hymenium at first covered by a volva, \
or a ring, becoming fully exposed at
maturity, usually inferior, and spread V AGARICALES.
over the surface of gills, fleshy pores, !
or a smooth surface )
3. Hymenium exposed from the first, 'i
APHYLLOPHORALES.
or a smooth surface
**EXOBASIDIINEAE.
Parasites.
4. Hymenium effused, rarely consisting)
of basidia only. Parasitic on leaves, j- EXOBASLDIALES.
etc. (especially Ericaceae) )
HETEROBASIDIAE.
CyHnl
KEY TO GASTEROMYCETALES
2. Basidia longitudinally cruciatelyl
divided, subglobose J
3. Basidia simple, subglobose, with
2-4 very thick stout sterigmata.
Spores producing sporidiola on
germination
4. Basidia simple, cylindrical, with j
two long pointed sterigmata.
Spores always becoming septate [• CALOCERALES.
on germination, and producing
sporidiola J
HOMOBASIDIAE.
* EU-HOMOBASIDIINEAE.
GASTEROMYCETALES.
I. Superficial. Peridium globose, with\
a middle gelatinous layer, at length
ruptured, and exposing the gleba I PHALLINEAE.
on a variously shaped receptacle,
volvate at the base
1. Receptacle trellised, or irregu-1
larly branched above; gleba in-r CLATHRACEAE.
ternal, or between the branches J
2. Receptacle hollow, cylindrical, orl p
fusiform; gleba external } J
II. Subterranean, rarely superficial.^
Peridium globose, simple, inde-[ TTYMFNnr ASTRTNFAF
hiscent; hymenium lining the cell-[
like cavities of the gleba )
1. Tramal plates arising from radial,) TT
basal, sterile hyphae } HYSTERANGIACEAE.
el HYMENOGASTRACEAE.
LYCOPERDINEAE.
LYCOPERDACEAE.
III. Superficial. Peridium globose, or
variously shaped, of two or more
layers, dehiscing by an apical
aperture, or by the gradual falling
away of the upper pendial walls;
hymenium lining the cell-like
cavities of the gleba. Capillitium
and sometimes a columella present
Same characters as the suborder
KEY TO GASTEROMYCETALES
IV. Superficial, or growing on wood or;
dung. Peridium campanulate, orj
cup-shaped, of one to three layers, I
inclosing lenticular peridiola, some- \ NIDULARIINEAE.
times attached by a funiculus,
and with or without a fugacious 1
epiphragm
Same characters as the suborder NIDULARIACEAE.
PLECTOBASIDIINEAE.
(SCLERODERMINEAE.)
V. Subterranean, or superficial. Peri-
dium globose, or variously shaped,
of one or more layers, sometimes
prolonged into a stem-like base.
Basidia irregularly scattered, some-
times intermixed with sterile veins
A. Gleba pulverulent when mature.
(a) Gleba traversed by sterile veins.
Capillitium rudimentary. Peridiuml ScLERODERMATACEAE.
simple, rarely double J
Capillitium well developed. Peri-1 CALOSTOMATACEAE.
dmm highly differentiated J
(b) Gleba without sterile veins.
Peridium of two layers produced) TuLOSTOMATACEAB.
below into a stem-like base
Peridium of one layer, sessile,!
seated on a ring-like mass of my-h GLISCHRODERMATACEAE.
celium J
B. Gleba slimy when mature SPHAEROBOLACEAE.
CLATHRACEAE.
Receptacle sessile, forming a hollow, globose lattice Clathrus.
Receptacle stipitate, terminating in free arms, or) ^ ysurus
branches J
Receptacle stipitate, crowned by a disc from which)
the arms radiate J
PHALLACEAE.
Gleba campanulate, adnate throughout to the re-'j Cynophallus.
ceptacle / (Mutinus.)
Gleba campanulate, reticulate, free, attached by the]
apex to the receptacle J
1—2
4: KEY TO GASTEROMYCETALES
HYSTERANGIACEAE.
Peridium globose, separable. Gleba cartilaginous, or] „
mucilaginous, cavities at first empty / yste
HYMENOGASTRACEAE.
A. Peridium without external mycelial strands.
Spores elliptical to fusiform, with a prominent)
papilla; sterile base well developed J
Spore globose, or broadly elliptical, echinulate,
or verrucose.
Tramal plates splitting, sterile base well de-)
veloped }
Tramal plates not splitting, no sterile base Hydnangium.
B. Peridium with external mycelial strands; glebal ,->, .
cavities at first hollow, spores elliptical, smooth J
LYCOPERD ACE AE .
A. Exoperidium consisting of a pseudo-parenchy-
matous layer.
1. Capillitium threads attached to the peridium,1
or the columella, not consisting of a distinct stem \ Lycoperdon.
and branches
2. Capillitium threads free, consisting of a distinct
stem and pointed branches.
Sterile base present Bovistella.
Sterile base absent Bovista.
B. Exoperidium consisting of a pseudo-parenchy-
matous layer, and a fibrous layer, splitting open
in a star-like manner.
Endoperidium with many stems, and dehiscing!
by many mouths /
Endoperidium with a single stem, or sessile, } „ t
and dehiscing by a single mouth J
NlDULARIACEAE.
Peridium subglobose, of one layer, without an epi-j
phragm. Peridiola without a funiculus J
Peridium cup-shaped, of two layers, with an epi-l
phragm. Peridiola attached by a papilla to thej- Crucibulum.
funiculus
1 Cf. Astraeus.
KEY TO GASTEROMYCETALES 5
Peridium campanulate, or cylindrical, of three"!
layers, with an epiphragm. Peridiola umbilicately \ Cyathus.
attached to the funiculus
SCLERODERMATACE AE .
Subterranean. Peridium soft, fleshy, with branched"!
mycelial strands springing from every part of the!- Melanogaster.
exterior, not sharply separated from the gleba
Superficial. Peridium leathery, or corky, of one or"!
two layers, sharply separated from the pulverulent - Scleroderma.
gleba J
Superficial. Peridium membranaceous, distinctly"! „. ,.,
separated from the gleba, which at maturity consists /• ,p°. * US'
CALOSTOMATACEAE.
Endoperidium inserted at the base of the exoperi-j ,
dium, the latter splitting open in a star-like manner/
TULOSTOMATACEAE.
A. Capillitium smooth.
Endoperidium dehiscing by an apical aperture Tulostoma.
Endoperidium dehiscing by the gradual falling) ^ , .
away of the peridial walls from the base upwards/
B. Capillitium with ring-like, or spiral markings Battarrea.
GrLISCHRODERMATACEAE.
Same characters as the family Glischroderma.
SPHAEROBOLACEAE.
Same characters as the family Sphaerobolus.
AGARICALES.
I. Hymenium inseparable from the j AGARICINEAE.
pileus, spread over the surface of gillsj
II. Hymenium inseparable from the
pileus, spread over the surface of
CANTHAKELLINEAE.
narrow, obtuse gills, or folds, or
quite smooth
III. Hymenium soft, separable from the!
pileus, lining the inside of pores, orj- BOLETINEAE.
pore-like gills
KEY TO AGARICALES
AGAEICINEAE.
Same characters as the suborder AGARICACEAE.
AGAKICACEAE.
I. Receptacle fleshy, trama not vesiculose, nor
traversed by lacticiferous vessels, not mem-
branaceous, not rapidly putrescent, nor tough
and woody.
A. Pileus distinct, and easily separable from the
* Without a ring, or a volva.
Spores white Schulz&ria.
Spores pink Pluteus.
Spores green Glaucospora.
Spores ochraceous Pluteolus.
Spores purple, or fuscous Pilosace.
**With a ring on the stem.
Spores white, ring rarely fugacious, always] ,- .
manifest in the adult stage J
Spores white, ring very fugacious, not manifest")
in the adult stage /
Spores pink Annularia.
Spores purple, or fuscous Psaliota.
Spores black, or blackish fuscous Anellaria.
***With a volva at the base of the stem.
Spores white Amanitopsis.
Spores pink Volvaria.
(Locellina.
Spores ochraceous \(Acetabularia.)
0 , (Clarkeinda.
Spores purple, or fuscous {(Chitonia.)
****With a ring on the stem, and a volva at the
base of the stem.
Spores white Amanita.
B. Pileus confluent and homogeneous with the
fleshy stem.
*With a membranaceous ring on the stem.
Spores white ArmiUaria.
KEY TO AGARICALES 7
Spores ferruginous, rough; general veil per-1 „ .
sistent /
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, generally) <: piw •
smooth; general veil none, or fugacious j L ° °"
Spores purple, or fuscous Stropharia.
**With an arachnoid or filamentous general veil.
1. Veil forming an arachnoid, fugacious ring on) ~ .
the stem. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous /
2. Veil concrete with the epidermis of the pileus.
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, elliptical,"^ ,. ,
smooth J
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, irregular,) .
-,-, ^ r Astrosvorina.
angular, ecmnulate, or verrucose
***Gills sinuate.
Spores white Tricholoma.
Spores pink Entoloma.
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous Hebeloma.
Spores purple, or fuscous Hypholoma.
****Gills decurrent, or adnato-decurrent by a tooth.
Spores white; hymenium not waxy, nor) nr ,
pulverulent j l
Spores white; hymenium pulverulent Laccaria.
Spores white; hymenium waxy Hygrophorus.
Spores pink Clitopilus.
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous Flammula.
Spores greenish fuscous, or blackish; gills mu-| „ rih'd'us
cilaginous /
C. Pileus confluent with, but heterogeneous from,
the cartilaginous stem.
*Grills adnate, or sinuato-adnate.
fMargin of pileus at first incurved, or exceeding
the gills.
Spores white CollyUa.
Spores pink Leptonia.
Spores ochraceous, or ferrugineus Naucoria.
Spores purple, or fuscous Psilocybe
Spores black, or blackish Panaeolus.
KEY TO AGARICALES
ff Margin of pileus straight, at first adpressed
to the stem.
Spores white
Spores pink
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous
Spores purple, or fuscous
Spores black, or blackish
**Gills decurrent.
Spores white
Spores pink
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous
D . Pileus confluent with the excentric, or lateral
stem, dimidiate, sessile, or resupinate.
Spores white, gill edge entire
Spores white, gill edge longitudinally split
Spores pink
Spores ochraceous.
II. Receptacle fleshy, trama vesiculose and
traversed by lacticiferous vessels. Spores
white, or yellow.
Latex watery, uncoloured
Latex milk-white, or coloured, rarely like)
serum )
III. Receptacle membranaceous, or fleshy mem-
branaceous, fragile, rapidly putrescent, or
shrivelling up.
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous
Spores black, or blackish fuscous. Gills)
auto-digested from below upwards /
IV. Receptacle membranaceous, tough, reviving
with moisture, not putrescent.
Spores white.
*Pileus with a thin, unspecialized cellular)
pellicle >
**Pileus with a thick, cellular pellicle.
Cells of the pellicle upright, echinulate, or) Androsaceus.
verrucose J (Marasmius p.p.)
Cells of the pellicle decumbent, very long,) n • • //•
fibrillose I P
Mycena.
Nolanea.
Galera.
Psathyra.
Psathyrdla.
OmpMia.
Ectilia.
Tubaria.
Pleurotus.
Schizophyllum.
Claudopus.
Crepidotus.
Russula.
T
La£tanus'
Bolbitius.
Coprinus.
KEY TO AGARICALES 9
V. Eeceptacle coriaceous, fleshy coriaceous, or
woody. Spores white.
Pileus fleshy coriaceous, gills somewhat soft Panus.
Pileus membranaceous coriaceous, gills j „
coriaceous, branched, obtuse J ero us'
Pileus coriaceous, or woody, pliant; gills] T ,.
firm, often toothed
CANTHARELLINEAE.
Same characters as the suborder CANTHARELLACEAE.
CANTHARELLACEAE.
*Spores white.
Receptacle fleshy, stipitate; gills simple.) N Ug
Parasitic on other Agarics
Receptacle fleshy, stipitate; gills forked Cantharellus.
Receptacle fleshy, membranaceous, funnel-]
shaped or umbilicate. Hymenium veined, [ Craterellus.
or smooth
Receptacle membranaceous, spathulate, or) j)ictyolus
cup-shaped, pendant. Hymenium veined, [- (CJtharettusp^)
or smooth ) v
**Spores ochraceous.
Receptacle fleshy coriaceous, stipitate. \
Hymenium fold-like J
BOLETINEAE.
Same characters as the suborder BOLETACEAE.
BOLETACEAE.
1. Hymenium spread over gills, which anasto-"!
mose by veins, and form irregular pores, | „ .,,
especially at the apex of the stem. Spores f
white, ochraceous, or ferruginous J
2. Hymenium lining the inside of fleshy tubes.
(Gyroporus.
Spores white, or pale yellowish {(Boletus p.p.)
0 . , (Tylopilus.
SP°reSPmk [(Boletus p.p.)
10
KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES
Spores purple
((Boletus p.p.)
Spores blackish, or fuscous. Pileus) 0. ,.7
™™vnQ^ TTrUk ;w,^™o+Q 0«oUc, f Strobilomyccs .
Boletinus.
covered with imbricate scales
Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, or oliva-
ceous.
Tubes short, alveolar, decurrent
Tubes very short, gyroso-plicate
Tubes long Boletus.
APHYLLOPHORALES.
I. Receptacle pileate, stipitate, sessile, orl POROHYDNINEAE.
resupinate; hymenium inferior J
II. Receptacle erect, dendroid, coralloid,1
simple, or branched, never pileate; hy-V CLAVARIINEAE.
menium more or less amphigenous
I. POROHYDNINEAE.
1. Hymenium lining tubes coherent
throughout their length, forming a
layer distinct from the substance of
the pileus, sometimes becoming torn
POLYPORACEAE.
into teeth, or gill-like plates, and sepa-
rated by dissepiments sterile on the
edge
2. Hymenium lining tubes, or covering"!
gills, or teeth, homogeneous with the'
substance of the pileus, not forming a
distinct layer, sterile on the edge
3. Hymenium spread over veins, anasto-1
mosing pores, or quite smooth; edge of j- MERULIACEAE.
veins or pores fertile
4. Hymenium inferior, lining free and! FlgTULINACEAE.
separate tubes J
5. Hymenium spread over the surface of
spines, granules, warts, or other pro-
tuberances, or quite smooth, inter-
vening spaces fertile. Receptacle fleshy,
coriaceous, waxy, crustaceous, or floe-
cose, rarely none
HYDNACEAE.
KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES 11
Hymenium spread over a smooth, rugose,
or ribbed surface, either resting upon an in-
termediate layer of hyphae running longitu-
dinally between it and the mycelium, or
seated directly upon the mycelium
THELEPHORACEAE.
7. Hymenium covering the whole of the in-")
terior of cup-shaped, urceolate, or cylindrical j- CYPHELLACEAE.
receptacles, smooth, or veined J
POLYPORACEAE.
Eeceptacle stipitate, or sessile, fleshy, cheesy,!
or coriaceous. Tubes homogeneous, or hetero- 1
geneous, dissepiments entire, or toothed. Spores |
white, or coloured J
Eeceptacle stipitate, fleshy. Tubes becoming"]
torn into teeth, or gill-like plates
mosing at the base. Spores white
Sistotrema.
Receptacle sessile, hard, woody, or corky. Pileus\
often concentrically zoned, covered with a hard [
crust, or villose. Tubes homogeneous, or hetero- V Fomes.
geneous, often stratose. Spores white, or
coloured
Receptacle stipitate, or sessile, corky. Pileus")
covered with a rigid, laccate, shining crust. I ^ ,
Tubes often stratose. Spores coloured, oval,] '
truncate at the base
Receptacle resupinate, membranaceous, soft,\
coriaceous, or corky. Tubes often inserted! p .
directly on the mycelium, round, or angular, j
Spores white, or coloured
POLYSTICTACEAE.
Receptacle sessile, thin, coriaceous, or mem-1
branaceous. Tubes homogeneous, developing j- Polystictus.
from the centre outwards. Spores white
Receptacle sessile, or resupinate, membrana-"!
ceous, or coriaceous. Tubes alveolar, becoming j- Irpex.
torn, or toothed. Spores white
12
KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES
Trametes.
Receptacle sessile, corky, or coriaceous. Hyme-\
nium spread over gills, which anastomose at the! ^ .
base, homogeneous with the substance of the pileus, \
and not forming a distinct layer. Spores white
Receptacle sessile, corky. Tubes homogeneous withj
the substance of the pileus, not forming a distinct
layer, regular, round, or oblong. Spores white,
rarely yellowish j
Receptacle stipitate, or sessile, spongy, or corky.'
Tubes homogeneous with the substance of the
pileus, not forming a distinct layer, irregular, r Daedalea.
sinuous, or labyrinthiform, often becoming torn, or
toothed. Spores white.
MERULIACEAE.
Receptacle sessile, or resupinate, more or less gela-)
tinous. Veins anastomosing to form irregular pores, j- Merulius.
Spores white or coloured j
Receptacle erect, or resupinate, waxy, firm. Veins) „„ 7 •
radial. Spores white J
Veins gill-j Plicatura.
) (Trogia.)
Receptacle sessile, spongy coriaceous,
like, crisped. Spores white
Receptacle resupinate, waxy. Hymenium granular,! r . ,
or smooth. Spores coloured, smooth. No cystidia J L m°P °
Like Coniophora, but with cystidia Coniophorella.
FlSTULINACEAE.
Same characters as the family
Fistidina.
HYDNACEAE.
Receptacle none. Spines simple, cylindrical, acute, "j
seated directly on the fugacious mycelium. Spores f Mticronetta.
white
Receptacle simple, or branched, stipitate, sessile, j
or dimidiate, fleshy, coriaceous, or corky. Spines^ Hydnum.
subulate. Spores white, or coloured
Receptacle resupinate, or reflexed, membranaceous] ,, , ,
coriaceous. Spines subulate, apex hispid. Spores [ 7%*T* *n\
white, oval, or oblong. Cystidia present. m p-p'>
KEY TO APHYLLOPHOEALES 13
Receptacle resupinate, thin, waxy, inseparable.^
Tubercles or spines obtuse, often deformed, ir-
regularly scattered, or confluent. Spores white, r Radulum.
or coloured. Cystidia none, cystidioles (sterile
basidia) sometimes present
Eeceptacle resupinate, thin, waxy. Spines thin,
subulate, generally entire, distinct, or connate
at the base. Spores white. Cystidia none, cys-
tidioles very thin, or absent
Receptacle resupinate, thin, membranaceous,
pelliculose, or crustaceous. Tubercles or spines
Ada.
(Hydnum p.p.)
Grandinia.
obtuse, or pointed, entire. Spores white, or
coloured. Cystidia none
Receptacle resupinate, thin, membranaceous, \
waxy, crustaceous or mealy. Spines conical,! ~,
ciliate, or penicillate at the apex. Spores white, t
Cystidia present J
Receptacle resupinate, subgelatinous. Spines very) „ .„,
minute, sterile. Spores white J l'"ia"
Like Odontia, but spores coloured, smooth Hydnopsis.
Receptacle resupinate, soft, floccose. Spines soft, \
conical, villose, fimbriate at the apex. Flesh [
coloured. Spores coloured, verrucose, or echinu- 1
late
Receptacle pileate, stipitate, sessile, or resupinate,
without a distinct pellicle, coriaceous. Hyme-
nium smooth, granular, or faintly ribbed. Flesh
coloured. Spores coloured, angular, echinulate, (Thelephorap.p.)
or verrucose
PJiylacteria.
Receptacle resupinate, soft, floccose. Hymeniuml ~ ochnus
granular, or smooth, floccose. Flesh coloured. > , J^ til \
Spores coloured, echinulate, or angular J
Like Hypochnus, but spores violet, smooth Hypochnella.
Receptacle resupinate, effused, flocculose-pulveru-'j
lent, Hypochnus-like. Spores straw coloured, sub- v Jaapia.
elliptical, hyaline-appendiculate J
Receptacle resupinate, subgelatinous, then car-"|
tilaginous. Hymenium smooth. Spores olive, V Aldrigea.
elliptical, smooth J
[Irregular abnormal growths the conidial forms) \ptijchoaaster 1
of Porohydnineae] / L y y
14
KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES
THELEPHOKACEAE.
1. Hymenium separated from the mycelium by an
intermediate layer of hyphae.
Receptacle erect, much branched, branches]
flattened in a lamellar, or plate-like manner, > Sparassis.
fleshy. Hymenium smooth. Spores white
Receptacle simple, or branched, stipitate, ses-\
sile, effuso-reflexed, rarely resupinate, cori-l
aceous. Hymenium smooth. Flesh pale. Spores i
white. Cystidia hyaline J
Like Stereum, but cystidia, or setae coloured.]
Flesh coloured. Spores white, or coloured
[Like Stereum, but hymenium smooth, granu-j
lar, or faintly ribbed. Flesh coloured. Spores f [Phylacteria.]
coloured, angular, echinulate, or verrucose] j
Receptacle sessile, or produced behind into a-j
stem-like base, coriaceous, or woody. Hy-l
menium with fan-like folds, or radiating woody, [
branched ribs, or veins. Spores white J
2. Hymenium seated directly on the mycelium.
Receptacle resupinate, waxy, or floccose. Hy-\
menium smooth, with scattered protuberances
caused by the breaking through of fasciculate, \- Epithek.
Stereum1
Hymenochaete.
Cladoderris.
sterile, mycelial hyphae. Spores white.
tidia
Cys-l
/
Receptacle saucer-shaped with a free margin, \
or resupinate and adnate, floccose, or crusta-
ceous, becoming coriaceous. Hymenium
smooth, pulverulent, with much granular, or Y Aleurodiscus.
crystalline matter. Spores white, large ; basidia
large, sterile basidia or paraphyses moniliform,
or racemose
Receptacle resupinate, waxy, crustaceous, or
floccose. Hymenium waxy, smooth, or tuber-
cular, continuous, often cracked. Spores white, L Corticium2.
rarely faintly coloured, smooth. No cystidia;
sterile basidia (cystidioles) sometimes emergent/
Like C&rtirium but the hyphae and hymenium] r> f- •
traversed by long, cystidia-like bodies, whose I .„ ,
walls are never thickened, nor incrusted withj L,U ^-j- \
crystalline deposits (gloeocystidia)
1 Cf. Eichhriella. 2 Cf. Sebacina.
KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES
15
Eeceptacle incrusting, variously branched, \
lobed, or effused, fibrillosely floccose, soft. I Cristdla.
Spores white, echinulate. Growing on fallen | (Thelephorap.p.)
twigs, and mosses J
[Receptacle resupinate, soft, floccose. Hy-^
menium granular, or smooth, floccose. Flesh I \Hypochnus.
coloured. Spores coloured, echinulate, orj (Tomentdla.)]
angular] /
[Like Hypochnus, but spores violet, smooth] [Hypochnella.]
[Receptacle resupinate, effused, flocculose-j
pulverulent, Hypochnus-like. Spores straws [Jaapia.]
coloured, subelliptical, hyaline-appendiculate] j
[Receptacle resupinate, waxy. Hymenium]
granular, or smooth. Spores coloured, smooth, f- [Coniophora.]
No cystidia]
Like Corticium, but with prominent, hyaline,
or subhyaline cystidia in the hymenium or
subhymenial tissues, which are generally L Peniophora.
thick walled, or incrusted with crystalline de-
posits. Spores white, rarely slightly coloured/
[Like Coniophora, but with cystidia] [Coniophorella.]
CYPHELLACEAE.
Receptacles sessile, scattered, crowded, or-.
confluent, coriaceous-gelatinous. Hymenium Cytidia.
smooth, becoming wrinkled, or veined. Spores f (Auriculariopsis.)
white, or pale
Receptacles stipitate, or sessile, scattered, or^i
crowded, membranaceous, or waxy. Hyme- >• Cyphella.
nium smooth, or veined. Spores white J
Receptacles sessile, seated on a superficial,^
felt-like, then floccose and fugacious myce-l „ , .
Hum, gregarious, or fasciculate. Hymenium j
smooth. Spores white
Receptacles sessile, more or less crowded, dis-^j
tinct, seated on, or immersed in an effused, I
membranaceous, or floccose stroma. Spores j
white
Like Cyphella, but spores coloured, smooth,!
or echinulate J
16 KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES, ETC.
II. CLAVARIINEAE.
Same characters as the suborder CLAVARIACEAE.
II. CLAVARIACEAE.
Receptacle erect, simple, or branched,
branches cylindrical, smooth, or longitu-
dinally striate, fleshy, or subcoriaceous,
Clavaria.
generally putrescent. Spores white, or ochra-
ceous, smooth, or rough. Growing on the
ground, or on wood
Receptacle erect, simple, very rarely branched,^
cylindrically-clavate, with a long, thin stem,
often springing from a sclerotium, fleshy, >- Typhula
waxy, or tough. Spores white. Growing on
fallen twigs and dead leaves
Receptacle erect, simple, very rarely forked,N
club shaped, with a short, thick, glabrous, or I p • / 77 •
villose stem, fleshy, or waxy. Spores white.]
Growing on herbaceous plants J
Receptacle filiform, simple, or branched, firm, j
tough. Spores white. Growing on the ground, [ Pterula.
or on wood j
** EXOB ASIDIINE AE.
EXOBASIDIALES.
Same characters as the order EXOB ASIDI ACE AE.
EXOB ASIDI ACE AE.
Mycelium vegetating in the interior of the)
li ving host, and giving rise, on the exterior, j- Exobasidium.
to basidia j
HETEROBASIDIAE.
AURICULARIALES.
1 Parasites, with, or without, probasidia PUCCINIINEAE1.
COLEOSPORIINEAE1.
USTILAGINEAE1.
2. Saprophytes, without probasidia
(a) Hymenium fully exposed from the first AURICULARIINEAE.
(6) Hymenium inclosed within a peridium ECCHYNINEAE.
1 Not dealt with in the present work.
KEY TO ATJRICULARIALES
17
AURICULARIINEAE.
Same characters as suborder
AURICULABIACEAE.
AURICUL ARI ACE AE .
Receptacle effused, incrusting, membrana-\
ceous, soft, floccose. Hymenium smooth.
Basidia more or less incurved, transversely ^ Helicobasidium.
septate; sterigmata subulate, unilateral.
Spores white
Receptacle effused, or upright, thin, waxy, on
gelatinous. Hymenium smooth. Basidia! „, ,
cylindrical, straight, transversely septate.)
Spores white J
Receptacle dimidiate, cup-shaped, sessile, or
substipitate, gelatinous coriaceous, then carti-
laginous. Hymenium smooth, reticulate, or
ribbed. Basidia cylindrical, transversely
3-septate. Spores white, cylindrical, or sub-
reniform
Receptacle erect, filiform, or subclavate. Hy-
menium smooth. Basidia cylindrical, trans-
versely 3-septate. Spores white
Eocronartium.
(Clavaria p.p.
= Helicobasidium
sec. Patouillard.)
Receptacle erect, globose, stipitate. Hyme-\
nium consisting of branched threads ter-
minated by a basidium. Basidia short, pear- > Stilbum.
shaped, transversely 1 -septate. Spores white,
elliptical. Growing on dead wood /
ECCHYNINEAE.
Same characters as suborder
ECCHYNACEAE.
ECCHYNACEAE.
Peridium globose, stipitate, or substipitate,
thin, fugacious. Threads of gleba bearing the
basidia on their lower portion, either in tufts,
or scattered. Basidia transversely 3-septate,
bearing the spores either sessile, or on very I
short sterigmata. Spores brown '
Ecchyna.
18
KEY TO TREMELLALES
TREMELLACEAE.
Tremella.
Phaeotremella.
Guepinia.
TREMELLALES.
Same characters as the order
TREMELLACEAE.
Receptacle foliaceous, brain-like, or tubercu-
lar, gelatinous, soft, fertile over the whole
surface, very rarely papillose, sometimes with
an irregular nucleus formed by mineral con-
cretions. Spores white, globose or elliptical.
Growing on dead wood, rarely on the ground
Like Tremella, but spores coloured
Receptacle erect, ear-shaped, or spathulate \
substipitate, or sessile, gelatinous, firm. Hy-|
menium inferior, smooth, or indistinctly veined. \
Spores white. Growing on the ground, or on
rotten wood
Receptacle cupulate, discoid, foliaceous, or
effused, marginate, pendant, sterile on upper
surface, gelatinous, soft, pellucid. Hymenium! „ .-,.
inferior, smooth, reticulately veined, or foli- 1
aceous, often papillose. Spores white, allantoid.
Growing on wood
Receptacle dimidiate, substipitate, or sessile^
gelatinous. Hymenium with fertile spines or - Tremellodon.
teeth. Spores white. Growing on wood
Like Odontia, but with subgelatinous teeth, }
and longitudinally septate basidia. Spores -
white. Growing on dead wood
Receptacle effused, incrusting, like Corticium,\
coriaceous, gelatinous, or waxy. Hymenium I
smooth. Spores white. Growing on the ground, [
or on wood
Like Sebacina, but hymenium possessing true)
cystidia /
Like Sebacina, but hymenium possessing)
gloeocystidia filled with a coloured juice /
Receptacle cup-shaped, or resupinate with the
margin free, or reflexed, membranaceous, waxy,
or coriaceous, soft. Hymenium smooth, rugu-
lose, or tubercular. Spores white. Growing on
dead branches
Protodontia.
Sebacina.
(Thelephora and
Corticium p.p.)
Sebacina, subg.
Heterochaetella.
Sebacina, subg.
Bourdotia.
Eichleriella.
KEY TO TULASNELLALES, CALOCERALES
19
TULASNELLACEAE.
Tulasnella.
CALOCERACEAE.
TULASNELLALES.
Same characters as the order
TULASNELLACEAE.
Receptacle effused, fleshy membranaceous, or
gelatinous, then cartilaginous. Hymenium
smooth, exposed from the first. Spores white,
producing sporidiola on germination; sterig-
mata very thick and stout. Growing on dead
wood, and fallen pine needles
CALOCEBALES.
Same characters as the order
CALOCERACEAE.
Receptacle more or less tubercular, or cup->>
shaped, entirely gelatinous. Hymenium I ^
smooth, or plicate. Spores white, simple,) a M0™?/068-
septate, or muriform. Growing on dead wood]
Receptacle cup-shaped, or lobed, stipitate, or\
substipitate, gelatinous, or cartilaginous ; stem |
firm, indurated. Hymenium smooth. Spores Y Ditiola.
white, elliptic-oblong, becoming 1-3-septate.
Growing on dead wood /
Receptacle erumpent, convex, then plane, \
sessile, gelatinous, or floccose. Hymenium
smooth, becoming plicate. Spores yellowish, Y Femsjonia.
oblong, becoming 8-10- , or more, septate.
Growing on dead, rarely living, wood /
Receptacle upright, cylindrical, apex globose,^
or elongate, stipitate, gelatinous, firm. Hy-
menium smooth, or rugosely plicate, con- [- Dacryomitra.
fined to the upper portion of the receptacle.
Spores white. Growing on dead wood
Receptacle upright, cylindrical, simple, on
branched, gelatinous-coriaceous, cartilaginous! ^ ,
when dry. Hymenium smooth, amphigenous. j
Spores white. Growing on wood /
2—2
CLATHRUS 21
BASIDIOMYCETAE.
Fungi reproduced by spores borne on basidia.
HOMOBASIDIAE.
Basidia simple; spores on germination giving rise to a myc'elium.
*EU-HOMOBASIDIINEAE.
Saprophytes.
GASTEROMYCETALES.
Hymenium inclosed at maturity within a peridium.
PHALLINEAE.
Peridium globose, consisting of three layers, the middle one gelatin-
ous, at length ruptured, with the lower portion forming a volva at
the base. Gleba at length mucilaginous, consisting of labyrinthiform
cells, attached to the variously shaped receptacle, and finally borne
upwards.
CLATHRACEAE.
Receptacle trellised, or dividing into arms, or branches at the apex,
sessile, or stipitate. Gleba internal, or between the arms or branches.
Clathrus (Micheli) Pers.
(K\eWpov, lattice.)
Peridium globose, becoming torn into irregular lobes at the apex.
Receptacle forming an obovate, or globose, hollow lattice, covered
on the inside with the mucilaginous gleba. Basidia bearing 4-8,
sessile, or subsessile, smooth, colourless, cylindrical spores. Growing
on the ground.
1. C. ruber (Mich.) Pers. (= Clathrus cancellatus (Tourn.) Fr.)
Rolland, Champ, t. 108, no. 245, as Clathrus cancellatus.
Ruber, red.
Volva 5-10 cm., white, globose, becoming torn into irregular lobes
at the apex, attached at the base by a cord-like mycelium. Receptacle
vermilion, or pinkish red, obovate, or globose, sessile, forming a
hollow, pentagonal net-work, perforated in lattice-, or trellis-fashion,
flattened on the outer surface, torn, and irregular on the inner side,
and covered with olive brown mucus. Spores white, cylindrical,
5-6 x 2/>i. Smell extremely foetid. Woods, plantations, gardens and
stoves. Sept. — Nov. Rare, (v.v.)
22 LYSTJRUS. ASEROE
Lysurus Fr.
(\v«rt9, loosing; ovpd, tail.)
Peridium globose, becoming torn at the apex into irregular lobes.
Receptacle stipitate, dividing at the apex into free arms, or lobes,
distinct from the stem, bearing the mucilaginous gleba. Basidia
with 4-6, sessile, or subsessile, cylindrical, or oblong, coloured spores.
Growing on the ground.
2. L. australiensis Cke. & Mass. (= Lysurus borealis (Burt) P. Henn.1)
Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 3.
Australiensis, belonging to Australia.
Volva 4-5 cm., white, globose, becoming torn above into irregular
lobes, attached to the soil around the base by numerous white, cord-
like mycelial strands. Receptacle 6x2 cm., whitish, cylindrical,
attenuated at the base, hollow, cellular, dividing at the apex into
six arms. Arms deep reddish brown, mucilaginous on the inside,
15-20 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide at the base, attenuated at the apex,
with a longitudinal groove down the centre and transversely ribbed,
not cellular, differing in texture from the receptacle, erect, slightly
incurved at the apex. Spores reddish brown, oblong elliptical,
3 x 1-5 fj,. Pasture where refuse of sacks had been emptied out, and
amongst stable refuse. Sept. — Nov. Rare, (v.v.)
Aseroe La Billard.
(acrr/pos, disgusting.)
Peridium globose, becoming torn at the apex into irregular lobes.
Receptacle stipitate, crowned at the apex by a disc, from which the
arms radiate; arms covered with the gleba. Growing on the ground.
3. A. rubra La Billard. Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanz. Fam. i**, t. 137,
figs. A — C. Rubra, red.
Receptacle stipitate, red, or pale rose, sheathed by the volva at the
base, pervious at the apex, which is expanded into a bright red disc,
furnished at the margin with from five to eight bifid rays. Spores
"hyaline, oblong, 6-10 x l'5-2ju." Petch. On soil brought from
Australia. Rare.
PHALLACEAE.
Receptacle hollow, cylindrical, or fusiform, with, or without, a
campanulate pileus at the apex. Gleba external.
1 Recorded as a distinct British species by Wakefield in Kew Bulletin of
Miscel. Inf. no. 7 (1918), 231.
CYNOPHALLUS. PHALLUS 23
Cynophallus (Fr.) Cda.
(Mutinus Fr.)
(KVCOV, dog; <j>a\\6s, penis.)
Peridium oval, or oblong, becoming split at the apex into two or
three lobes. Receptacle hollow, cylindrical, or fusiform. Pileus
apical, adnate, covered on the outside with the mucilaginous gleba.
Basidia with 4-6, sessile, oblong, or cylindrical, pale yellowish spores.
Growing on the ground.
4. C. caninus (Huds.) Fr. Sow. Engl. Fung. t. 330, as Phallus in-
odorus. Caninus, pertaining to a dog.
Volva 1-2 cm., white, or yellowish, oval, or oblong, splitting into
two or three lobes at the apex, springing from a white, cord-like
mycelium at the base. Receptacle 6-9 x 1 cm., white, or rosy, sub-
fusiform, apex perforate or imperforate, hollow, cellular. Pileus red,
2 cm. long, adnate to the apex of the receptacle, acutely digitaliform,
covered at first with green mucus. Spores pale yellowish, oblong,
3-5 x 2/*. Smell slight. Amongst dead leaves, and on old stumps,
especially in mixed woods. June — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
5. C. bambusinus (Zoll.) Rea. Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanz. Fam. i**,
t. 142, figs. G — I, as Mutinus bambusinus Zoll.
Bambusinus, pertaining to bamboos.
Receptacle 10-12 x 1 cm., bright red, or pinkish, the upper half
sporiferous and tapering into an acute point, purplish red, covered at
first with green mucus. Spores cylindrical, 4 x 1-5/n. Smell very
foetid. Probably introduced with plants from Java. Rare.
Phallus (Micheli) Pers.
(<£aAA.o5, penis.)
Peridium globose, becoming torn into irregular lobes at the apex.
Receptacle hollow, cylindrical, or fusiform. Pileus reticulated, apical,
attached only by the apex, covered on the outside with the mucilaginous
gleba. Basidia with 4-8, sessile, oblong, pale yellowish spores. Grow-
ing on the ground.
6. P. impudicus (Linn.) Pers. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. figs. 213-214,
as Phallus foetidus. Impudicus, shameless.
Volva 3-5 cm., white, or yellowish, globose, then oval, splitting into
irregular lobes at the apex, springing at the base from dense masses
of white, cord-like mycelium. Receptacle white, cylindrical, attenu-
ated at both ends, 10-30 x 1-3 cm., cellular, hollow, perforate at the
apex. Pileus 3-5 cm. long, cylindrical, white, at first covered with
green mucus, attached at the apex to the receptacle by a narrow disc,
24 PHALLUS. HYSTERANGIUM
reticulated externally. Spores pale yellowish, oblong, 3-5 x 2/u,.
Smell strong, very foetid. Woods, plantations, and gardens, especi-
ally under conifers. May — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. togatus (Kalchbr.) Cost. & Duf. Togatus, cloaked.
Differs from the type in having a white, reticulately pierced, pendant
veil, attached to the base of the pileus. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
var. iosmos (Berk.) Cke. Curt. Brit. Ent. x, t. 469.
tov, violet; 007x77, scent.
Differs from the type in its pale reddish grey colour, the strongly
toothed borders of the reticulations on the conical pileus and the sweet
smell of violets when fresh. Sandhills. Rare.
7. P. imperialis Schulz. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 40, fig. 1.
Imperialis, imperial.
Volva 2-5-7 cm., pink on the outside, white inside, pear-shaped,
splitting at the apex into several lobes, springing at the base from a
pinkish, or pale blue, cord-like mycelium. Receptacle white, slightly
pinkish at the extreme base, 10-25 x 2-3 cm., cylindrical, attenuated
at both ends, hollow, cellular. Pileus 3-5 cm. long, white, at first
covered with dark green mucus, campanulate, attached at the apex
by a broad, circular disc which often becomes yellowish and crenate,
reticulated on the outside. Spores hyaline, 3-4 x 1-5-2//,. Smell
pleasant, like that of Glycyrrhiza (Liquorice). Micaceous sandy soil.
Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
HYMENOGASTRINEAE.
Peridium globose, consisting of one layer, indehiscent. Gleba
formed of cells lined by the hymenium. Cystidia often present.
H YSTER ANGI ACE AE .
Gleba cells radially arranged on the sterile basal hyphae. Spores
olivaceous, oblong, or oblong elliptical. Subterranean.
Hysterangium Vitt.
(va-repa, the womb; dyyeiov, a vessel.)
Peridium globose, separating from the gleba at maturity. Gleba
cartilaginous, or mucilaginous, cells at first empty. Basidia some-
times bearing eight spores. Spores olivaceous, oblong, or oblong
elliptical. Subterranean.
HYSTERANGITJM. HYMENOGASTER 25
8. H. nephriticum Berk. i>e<£po9, the kidneys.
Pe. 1-2-5 cm., white, globose, or globoso-depressed, springing from
a much branched, white mycelium, tomentose, peridium rather thick,
elastic. Gleba pinkish, then pale blue, or grey, and finally greenish,
cells minute, radiating from the base, contracting into a very small
space when dried. Spores greenish olivaceous in the mass, drab colour
under the microscope, oblong elliptical, pointed at both ends, or blunt
at the one end, 10-12 x 4/z. Smell at first like that of Helianthus
tuberosus, then disagreeable. Gregarious, sometimes confluent.
Buried in the ground. Woods. May — Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
9. H. Thwaitesii B. & Br. G. H. K. Thwaites.
Pe. 2 cm., white, becoming rufous when touched, subglobose, or
slightly irregular, slightly silky, peridium membranaceous. Gleba
brownish olive. Spores pale olive, oblong, apiculate, 25-30 x 7-9/x.
Buried in the ground. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Rare.
H YMENOG ASTRACE AE .
Surface of peridium sometimes traversed by mycelial strands.
Gleba cells arising from the peridium, sometimes empty at first,
with, or without, a sterile base. Spores coloured, elliptical, fusiform,
globose, smooth, or echinulate. Subterranean or superficial.
Hymenogaster (Vitt.) Tul.
(vfirjv, a membrane; jacrrr^p, belly.)
Gleba cells empty at first, sterile base well-developed. Basidia
generally with two sterigmata. Spores coloured, elliptical to fusiform,
with a prominent papilla. Subterranean, or superficial.
10. H. Klotzscnii Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. 1. 10, fig. 12. J. F. Klotzsch.
Pe. H-5 cm., dirty white, obovate, or subglobose, adpressedly
tomentose, base fibrillose. Gleba pallid, becoming rufous ochre.
Spores pale brown, minutely tuberculose, broadly elliptic, ends
obtuse, 18-20 x 11-13/u,. Pot in greenhouse, and sandy soil. Dec.
Bare.
11. H. muticus Berk. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 10, fig. 7.
Muticus, curtailed.
Pe. 1-5-2-5 cm., white, then tinged with brown, globose, scarcely
lobed, at length much cracked. Gleba pale yellow-brown, cells loose,
small. Spores pale brown, obovate, oblong, very obtuse (figured by
Massee as apiculate at both ends), 18-21 x 10-12/x. Smell slight.
Under trees. Nov. Rare.
26 HYMENOGASTER
12. H. luteus Vitt. Vitt. Mon. Tub. t. 3, fig. 9. Luteus, yellow.
Pe. 2-3 cm., white, then brownish, subglobose, soft, silky, peridium
very thin. Gleba bright yellow, cells small, flexuose. Spores yellowish.,
oval, or elliptical, 24-28 x 10/x,. Smell pleasant, of "musk" Quel,
of "strawberry" Vitt., sometimes "powerfully foetid" Berk. Woods.
Sept. — March. Not uncommon.
13. H. decorus Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 10, fig. 9.
Decor us, graceful.
Pe. 2-5-5 cm., dirty white, becoming yellowish in places, roundish.
Gleba lilac brown, then blackish, sterile base almost obsolete. Spores
ochraceous, then brown, rugulose, broadly elliptical, obtuse, or
obtusely apiculate, 24-28 x 13-15 /A; basidia long, slender, some-
times flexuose, monosporous rarely bisporous. Wood and tan pits.
Oct.— Nov. Eare.
14. H. lycoperdineus Vitt. Vitt. Mon. Tub. t. 2, fig. 5.
Lycoperdon, a puff-ball.
Pe. 2-5 cm., white, then brownish, subglobose, somewhat deformed,
plicate at the base, smooth, silky. Gleba whitish, then fuliginous,
cells large, irregular. Spores "brownish yellow, oblong or elliptical,
somewhat uneven, 19-23 x 9-1 1/u," Kabenh. Smell strong, of onion.
Gregarious. In earth, and clay. Nov. Rare, (v.v.)
15. H. vulgaris Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 10, fig. 13.
Vulgaris, common.
Pe. 2-3 cm., whitish, becoming discoloured, subglobose, regular, or
variously lobed, or sulcate, soft. Gleba dirty white, then dark brown,
cells rather large, irregular, sterile base minute. Spores blackish
brown, rugulose, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, acute, attenuated at
the base, 34-40 x 12-14/x. Gregarious, sometimes subcaespitose.
Underground. July — Oct. Rare.
16. H. pallidus B. & Br. Pallidus, pale.
Pe. 6-12 mm., white, then dirty tan colour, round, depressed, nearly
smooth. Gleba white, then yellow and finally pale brown, sterile base
obsolete. Spores brown, rather rough, lanceolate, acute, shortly
pedicellate, 30-36 x 12-14/A. Underground, under firs. Oct. Rare.
17. H. citrinus Vitt. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 1, fig. 1; t. 10, fig. 3.
Citrinus, lemon yellow.
Pe. 2-4 cm., lemon, or golden yellow, then rufous black, rotundato-
gibbous, shining as if silky. Gleba lemon yellow, then brown, cells
small, tramal plates yellow. Spores reddish brown, rugulose, lanceo-
late, apiculate, 40 x 17-20/z. Smell cheesy. Underground. May —
Dec. Uncommon.
HYMENOGASTER. OCTAVIANIA 27
18. H. olivaceus Vitt. (= Hymenogaster populetorum Berk, sec
Massee.) Olivaceus, olive colour.
Pe. 2—4: cm., whitish, becoming rufescent when touched, angularly
globose, silky. Gleba whitish, then buff, and finally rufous olive, cells
fairly large. Spores brown, rarely slightly rugulose, broadly fusiform,
mucronate, pedicellate, 25-30 x 13-14/i. Smell like that of Lactarius
theiogalus. Underground in woods. May — Nov. Common in the West
of England.
var. modestus B. & Br. Modestus, decent.
Differs from the type in its somewhat cheesy smell and in the pale
amber, narrowly fusiform, smooth spores, 25-26 x 8-10/x. Parks. Rare.
19. H. tener Berk. (= Hymenogaster lilacinus Berk. sec. Massee.)
Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 1, fig. 4; t. 10, fig. 1. Tener, soft.
Pe. 1-3 cm., white, at length dingy, globose, soft, silky, peridium
thin. Gleba white, then tinged with pink and finally greyish umber;
sterile base white, well developed. Spores ochraceous, verruculose, or
rugulose, broadly elliptical, apex papillate, 30 x 14-16/4. Smell like
that of Lactarius theiogalus. Underground in woods. Sept. — Jan.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
20. H. Thwaitesii B. & Br. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 10, fig. 11.
G. H. K. Thwaites.
Pe. 1-1-5 cm., dirty white, here and there stained, globose, firm.
Gleba brown. Spores brown, rather rough, globose, apex minutely
papillate, 11-13/4. Underground. Rare.
21. H. griseus Vitt. Vitt. Mon. Tub. t. 3, fig. 15. Griseus, grey.
Pe. 6-12 mm., pale brown, at first covered with whitish down, globose,
or irregular. Gleba grey, becoming blackish, cells minute. Spores dark
umber brown, irregularly tuberculose, fusiform, 28-32 x 20/4. Smell
very pleasant, resembling that of Convallaria majalis. Amongst leaf
soil. Woods. Rare.
22. H. pusfflus B. & Br. Pusillus, very small.
Pe. 3-4 mm., white, yellowish brown when dry, and then like Sclero-
tium complanatum, obovate, or subdepressed, nearly smooth. Gleba
dirty white, cells large, sterile base large. Spores pallid rubiginous, at
length rough, broadly elliptic, apex papillate, 14-16 x 10/4; basidia
with two long sterigmata. Smell very slight. Mossy ground. Oct.
Rare. ^
Octaviania Vitt.
(Dr Vincent Ottaviani.)
Peridium globose, oblong, or irregular, soft, fibrous. Gleba cells
arising from the peridium, empty at first, tramal plates splitting,
28 OCTAVIANIA. HYDNANGItTM
becoming mucilaginous, with a distinct sterile base. Spores coloured,
globose, or broadly elliptical, echinulate, or verrucose. Subterranean,
or superficial.
23. 0. asterosperma Vitt. Boud. Icon. t. 191.
aa-rrjp, a star; <nrep/j,a, seed.
Pe. 1-3 cm., whitish, then greyish fuliginous, becoming greenish blue
when rubbed, or exposed to the air, subglobose or irregular, covered
with a tomentum that breaks up into floccose, flattened warts. Walls
of the rounded cavities of the gleba white, becoming greenish blue when
rubbed. Spores brownish purple in the mass, echinulate, globose,
15— 18/A. Smell pleasant. Branches and leaves underground, or
partially exposed. Oct. Bare.
24. 0. Stephensii (Berk.) Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 21, fig. 6.
H. 0. Stephens.
Pe. 2-3 cm., rufous, irregular, oblong; base rugoso-plicate, cribrous,
furnished with a branched, fibrous root. Gleba white, yielding when
cut a white milky fluid, which becomes red when exposed to the air then
yellowish, cells minute. Spores pale brown, echinulate, globose,
11-14: p. Smell unpleasant, "like that of Lactarius theiogalus" Berk.
Underground, or half buried. Aug. — Dec. Rare.
25. 0. compacta Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 11, fig. 3.
Compacta, dense.
Pe. 6-20 mm., white, globose, or irregular, minutely cottony, fur-
nished with a dense mass of white mycelium. Gleba pinkish, or
yellowish, cells minute, globose, or irregularly oblong. Spores pale
yellow, becoming brighter, very minutely verruculose, globose,
5 — 6 JJL. Gregarious. Underground, or half buried. Oct. — Nov. Rare.
Hydnangium Wallr.
(vSvov, truffle; dyyeiov, a vessel.)
Peridium oblong, or roundish, not separable from the gleba. Gleba
cells arising from the peridium, empty at first, tramal plates not
splitting; sterile base absent. Basidia with 1^-sterigmata, cystidia
present. Spores ochraceous, globose, or elliptic-oblong, echinulate.
Subterranean, or superficial.
26. H. carotaecolor B. & Br. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 20, fig. 1.
Car ota, carrot; color, colour.
Pe. 1-5-3 cm., pale orange red, or carrot colour, staining paper lemon
colour, oblong, or roundish, rootless, rugulose, slightly tomentose.
Gleba orange, cells minute, irregular. Spores pale ochraceous, coarsely
HYDNANGIUM. RHIZOPOGON 29
echinulate, elliptic-oblong, 12-15 x 9-10/z, with a large central gutta.
Often somewhat superficial. Woods and downs under trees. Aug. —
Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
27. H. carneum Wallr. Boud. Icon. t. 192. Carneum, flesh colour.
Pe. 1-5-3 cm., flesh colour, subglobose, or irregular, slightly tomen-
tose, then smooth, and somewht marbled, attached at the base to the
soil. Gleba concolorous, cells small, irregular. Spores yellowish in the
mass, hyaline under the microscope, with long acute spines, globose,
13-18/t. Subterranean, or somewhat superficial. About the roots of
Eucalyptus. Oct. — Dec. Rare.
Rhizopogon Fr.
(pi£a, root; Tr&xyo)!/, beard.)
Peridium globose, or oblong, covered on the surface with mycelial
strands. Gleba cells arising from the peridium, empty at first. Basidia
bearing 2-8 sessile spores. Spores coloured, oblong elliptical. Sub-
superficial.
28. R. rubescens Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 11, fig. 4; t. 2, fig. 1.
Rubescens, becoming red.
Pe. 2-6 cm., white, becoming reddish when exposed to the air, then
yellow or olive, ovate, or globose, silky, covered with numerous strands
of the mycelium which become reddish when touched. Gleba yellowish
then brownish, cells small, irregular. Spores pale ochraceous, oblong
elliptical, 7-8 x 3/u,, 1-3-guttulate ; basidia with 2-8-sterigmata.
Smell somewhat acid, then unpleasant. Somewhat superficial. Sandy
fir woods. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
29. R. luteolus Fr. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 1, fig. 5; t. 11, fig. 5.
Luteolus, yellowish.
Pe. 2-5 cm., whitish, becoming dirty yellow, then olive brown, globose,
or oblong ovate, clothed with numerous free, or adnate, mycelial
strands, peridium thick, subcoriaceous. Gleba olivaceous, tramal
plates whitish, cells minute, rounded. Spores olivaceous, oblong
elliptical, 6-7 x 3/z, 2-guttulate. Smell slight, then strong. Some-
what superficial. Sandy fir woods. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
LYCOPERDINEAE.
Peridium globose, or variously shaped, consisting of two or more
layers ; dehiscing by an apical aperture, or by the gradual falling away
of the upper peridial walls. Gleba consisting of cells lined by the
hymenium, finally breaking down into a powdery mass, consisting of
spores, and capillitium threads, attached to the endoperidial walls
or springing from a central columella, or entirely free with, or without,
a sterile base. Basidia bearing 4-8 sessile, or stipitate spores. Spores
30 LYCOPERDON
coloured, smooth, verrucose, or echinulate, globose, subglobose, or
elliptical, sometimes with the sterigma remaining attached. Super-
ficial.
LYCOPERDACEAE.
Same characters as the suborder.
Lycoperdon (Tournef.) Pers.
(XVKOS, a wolf; "jrepBo/j^ai, I break wind.)
Peridium globose, or variously shaped; exoperidium pseudo-
parenchymatous, fleshy, or membranaceous, spinulose, warted,
granular, or smooth, fugacious; endoperidium membranaceous, or
papyraceous, thin, dehiscing by an apical aperture, or by the gradual
falling away of the upper portion. Gleba with, or without, a sterile
base. Capillitium threads long, branched, not consisting of a distinct
stem and branches, attached to the peridium or to a central columella.
Spores coloured, echinulate, verrucose, or smooth, globose, or ellip-
tical. Superficial.
I. Peridium dehiscing by the upper portion gradually falling away in
pieces. Capillitium very long, and much branched. Sterile base
persistent.
30. L. giganteum (Batsch) Pers. (= Lycoperdon Bovista (Linn.) Fr.)
Boud. Icon. t. 188-189, as Lycoperdon Bovista Linn.
7«/ya9, giant.
Pe. 15-16 cm., white, then yellowish, or olivaceous, globose, or de-
pressed, oval, pumpkin-shaped, often more or less plicate at the base,
sessile, attached by a cord-like mycelium; exoperidium at first sub-
tomentose, then becoming smooth like a kid glove, fragile, ultimately
splitting up and falling away in pieces from the endoperidium, which
is also very thin, brittle and evanescent above. Gleba white, then
yellowish and finally olivaceous, compact. Sterile base very thin, or
almost absent. Spores olivaceous, or brownish, verrucose, globose,
sometimes pedicellate, 4-5 /LI. Capillitium brown, very long, branched,
septate, 3-5/u, in diam., persistent. Edible. Pastures, gardens and
roadsides. May — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
31. L. caelatum (Bull.) Fr. (= Lycoperdon favosum (Rostk.) Bonord.)
Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 20, fig. 7. Caelatum, engraved.
Pe. 7-12 cm., white, then ochraceous, and finally tinged brownish,
subglobose, oval or depressed, contracted below into a more or less
stem-like base with thick mycelium; exoperidium floccose, covered
with large, distant warts, and cracking into net-like areolae; warts
evanescent above, and separating in patches from the endoperidium;
endoperidium thick, fragile, thinner in the upper half and finally
falling away in pieces, leaving only the cup-like sterile base with its
LYCOPERDON 31
diaphragm. Gleba white, then yellowish, and finally olivaceous, com-
pact. Sterile base, thick, persistent, forming nearly half the peridium,
separated from the fertile portion by a distinct, membranaceous dia-
phragm. Spores dark olivaceous, globose, rarely very shortly pedi-
cellate, 4— 5/A. Capillitium yellowish, very long, flexuose, branched,
brittle, 6-7 /z in diam. Edible. Woods, heaths and pastures. May —
Nov. Common, (v.v.)
32. L. saccatum (Vahl.) Fr. Krombh. Icon. t. 30, figs. 11-12.
<ra#/eo<?, a bag.
Pe. 7-18 cm. high, 3-12 cm. wide, whitish, or greyish, becoming
tinged brownish with age, clavate, or pestle-like, rounded above,
obtuse, plicato-lacunose below and continued into a long stem-like
base, 2-5-6 cm. wide, cylindrical, or subventricose, often scrobiculate,
exoperidium consisting of small fugacious, spinulose warts, and
granules which soon disappear from the upper portion — the warts
split at the base and coalesce in a fine point at the apex; endo-
peridium concolorous, very thin, fragile, falling away in patches.
Gleba white, then yellow, and finally olivaceous, compact. Sterile base
reaching to the apex of the stem-like portion of the peridium, convex,
cellular, firm. Spores olivaceous, verrucose, globose, 4-5fi. Capil-
litium pale yellowish, very long, branched, 3-5/x. in diam. Edible.
Woods, heaths and pastures. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
33. L. excipuliforme (Scop.) Pers. Fr. Sverig. Svamp. t. 73.
Excipula, a vessel ; forma, shape.
Pe. 5-13 cm. high, 4—11 cm. wide, greyish, becoming tinged with
yellow or brown, globose, often compressed, plicate on the underside
and continued into a short, or fairly long, stout, broad, stem-like
base; exoperidium consisting of long, delicate, floccose spines,
separate at their base but confluent at their apices, becoming smaller
downwards, wearing away with age and weathering; endoperidium
floccose, thick, firm, only gradually wearing away and disappearing
in the upper portion. Gleba white, then yellowish, and finally brown-
ish olivaceous. Sterile base whitish, becoming yellowish or greenish,
cellular, concave, extending to the apex of the stem-like base of the
peridium. Spores fuscous olivaceous, echinulate, globose, 3-5jU,.
Capillitium olivaceous, becoming hyaline, flexuose, rarely branched,
3-5/u, in diam. Edible. Woods and pastures. April — Nov. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
var. flavescens Quel. Flavescens, becoming yellowish.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, its club-shaped peridium
and its brighter yellow colour. Heaths and pastures. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
32 LYCOPERDON
II. Peridium deliiscing by an apical mouth, followed by the upper
portion falling away in pieces. Sterile base persistent, separated
from the gleba by a distinct diaphragm.
34. L. depression Bon. (= Lycoperdon hyemale (Pers.) Vitt. sec.
Hollos, Lycoperdon pratense Pers. sec. Lloyd.) Trans. Brit.
Myc. Soc. u, t. 9. Depressum, depressed.
Pe. 2-5 cm., yellowish white, then greyish yellow, and finally brownish,
obconic, at first rounded at both ends, then flattened on the top, often
compressed at the sides, more or less contracted at the base and
plicate ; exoperidium consisting of whitish spines united at the apex,
intermixed with minute, simple spines and furfuraceous granules, all
of which disappear with age and weathering; endoperidium con-
colorous, thin above, dehiscing by a well-defined apical mouth which
soon extends until the whole of the upper portion of the peridium
disappears. Gleba white, then yellowish, and finally fuscous olivace-
ous, separated from the sterile base by a distinct membranaceous dia-
phragm. Sterile base with large cells, often forming one half of the
peridium. Spores olivaceous, globose, 4/i. Capillitium colourless,
branched, flexuose, rough, 4— 6/x, in diam. Heaths, pastures and hill-
sides. Aug. — March. Common, (v.v.)
35. L. candidum Pers. (= Lycoperdon papillatum (Schaeff.) Hollos.)
Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 51, as Lycoperdon cruciatum.
Candidum, shining white.
Pe. 2-5 cm., white, then yellowish, and finally pale darkish brown,
globose, or usually depressed, often plicate beneath and continued
into a stem-like base attached to the white cord-like mycelium; exo-
peridium consisting of white, blunt cruciate spines which adhere to-
gether and peel off in patches', endoperidium yellowish, then pale
darkish brown, minutely furfuraceous, thin. Gleba olive, then dark
brown, with a distinct diaphragm separating it from the sterile base.
Sterile base with large cells, about a quarter to a third of the peridium,
rarely very small. Spores dark brown, globose, often pedicellate,
3-5-4/Lt. Capillitium coloured, sparingly branched, 5-7 p, in diam.
Pastures and heaths. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
III. Peridium dehiscing by an apical mouth. Sterile base not
separated from the gleba by a diaphragm.
A. Spores strongly echinulate or verrucose.
36. L. echinatum Pers. Holland, Champ, t. 110, no. 251.
e'^tz/09, a hedgehog.
Pe. 2-6 cm., white, then ochraceous and finally brown, obovate, or
subglobose, often compressed, sometimes rather attenuated at the
base, attached by a long, white, cord-like mycelium; exoperidium
LYCOPERDON 33
consisting of long, conical warts, separate at the base and often
coalescent at their apices, white, then ochraceous, and finally brown-
ish, surrounded at the base of the warts by a ring of minute, mealy
warts ; the warts on the upper portion of the peridium disappear with
age and weathering and then the pale brown inner peridium presents
a net-like appearance from the persistent rings of darker brown, mealy
warts. Mouth simple, apical, torn. Gleba olivaceous, then violet, or
brownish purple, compact. Sterile base about one-third of the
peridium, sometimes very small, cellular. Spores purple umber,
echinulate, globose, 4-6/A. Capillitium purplish, much branched,
branches pointed, 3-4JU, in diam. Woods and plantations, especially
beech. March — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
37. L. Hoylei Berk. Hoyle.
Pe. 3-4 cm., brownish, subglobose, ovate, or subpyriform; exo-
peridium consisting of long, pyramidal warts, separate at the base,
coalescent at the apices, ochraceous at first, then brownish, at the
base of the larger warts surrounded by a ring of minute, dark brown
warts, that give a net-like appearance to the paler inner peridium
when the larger warts fall away. Mouth small, irregularly torn. Gleba
olivaceous, then purplish, compact. Sterile base, bright olive, compact.
Spores purple, verrucose, globose, 5/i. Capillitium yellowish, sparingly
branched, flexuose, uneven, 4-5 /z in diam. Amongst leaves in woods.
Oct. — Dec. Rare, (v.v.)
38. L. atropurpureum Vitt. Vitt. Mon. Lye. t. 2, fig. 6.
Ater, black; purpureum, purple.
Pe. 2-5-6 cm., greyish, or brownish, yellowish towards the base, sub-
globose, or pyriform, sessile, or attenuated into a stem-like base,
often plicate below, thin, soft, flexible; exoperidium consisting of
long, thin, brownish spines, often coalescent at their apices, becoming
shorter towards the base, brittle, falling away and exposing the
smooth, somewhat shining, light brown, or purplish endoperidium.
Mouth small, irregular. Gleba olivaceous, then brownish and finally
dark purple. Sterile base cellular, shallow, rarely reaching a third of
the peridium. Spores dark purple, strongly verrucose, globose,
sometimes pedicellate, 5-7 /A. Columella globose. Capillitium
branched, 4-6jii in diam. Oak woods and heaths. Sept. — Nov.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
39. L. mnbrinum Pers. Pers. Icon. Pictae, t. 18, fig. 3.
Umbrinum, umber colour.
Pe. 2-5-5 cm., umber, obovate, or pear-shaped ; exoperidium densely
covered with long, brown, slender spines, that are generally con-
nivent by twos at their acute apices, simple at the base and -arising
3
34 LYCOPERDON
from the pale brown endoperidium, somewhat brittle and deciduous.
Mouth small, round, or toothed, apical. Gleba dark umber in the
centre, paler towards the periphery and more lax. Sterile base oliva-
ceous, about one-third of the peridium. Spores reddish brown,
verrucose, globose, 4/z. Capillitium pale yellowish, branched, flexuose,
uneven, forming a small pseudo-columella. Woods and heaths. July —
Dec. Common, (v.v.)
40. L. velatum Vitt. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 3. Velatum, veiled.
Pe. 3-6 cm., snow white, then flesh colour, and finally greyish, or
yellowish, subglobose, or pyriform, often slightly umbonate, attached
by a white cord-like mycelium at the base; exoperidium white, then
slightly yellowish, tomentose, breaking up into evanescent, star-shaped
rosettes and often forming a ring-like zone at the apex of the sterile
basal stratum, finally disappearing almost completely ; endoperidium
concolorous, furfuraceous, minutely spinulose. Mouth small, apical,
irregular. Gleba white, then fulvous, and finally ash colour, or
purplish. Sterile base whitish, cellular, reaching to the apex of the
stem-like portion of the peridium. Spores yellow, obtusely verrucose,
globose, 4-5/i. Capillitium yellow, with darker walls, 3-4/u, in diam.
Woods and heaths. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
B. Spores smooth or only minutely verrucose, or punctate.
*Sterile base with large cells.
41. L. perlatum Pers. (= Lycoperdon gemmatum Auct. pi.) Holland,
Champ, t. 109, no. 247, as Lycoperdon gemmatum.
Perlatum, very wide-spread.
Pe. 2-5-5 cm., snow white, then yellowish, and finally brownish, especi-
ally above, turbinate, or subglobose with an elongated, cylindrical
stem-like base, rarely subglobose, or depressed and nearly sessile,
always umbonate, generally plicate and lacunose below, and attached,
often in pairs, to a white, cord-like mycelium; exoperidium consist-
ing of acute, or obtuse spines, each surrounded by a ring of smaller,
obtuse warts, which give a net-like appearance to the endoperidium
when the large spines are rubbed off or fall away. Mouth small, at
the apex of the umbo. Gleba white, then greenish yellow, and finally
olivaceous. Sterile base convex, cellular, reaching to the apex of the
stem-like base. Spores olivaceous, smooth, or minutely punctate,
globose, 4/x. Columella prominent, elliptical, loose. Capillitium
olivaceous, simple, sparingly branched, 3-6/x in diam. Woods and
pastures. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. lacunosum (Bull.). Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 52.
Lacunosum, full of hollows.
Differs from the type in the lacunose, scrobiculate, depressed pits on
the stem-like base of the peridium. Heaths. Oct. Uncommon.
LYCOPERDON 35
42. L. molle Pers. Molle, soft.
Pe. 1-3 cm., white, then yellowish, or tan colour, turbinate, or globose,
depressed above, and abruptly attenuated into a short, thick, stem-
like base, and attached by a white, fibrous mycelium; exoperidium
consisting of fugacious, furfuraceous spines and granules; endo-
peridium olive brown, thin, papyraceous, collapsing, shining. Mouth
small, irregular. G-leba greenish yellow, then brownish olivaceous.
Sterile base paler, cellular, one-third of the peridium. Spores
ochraceous olive, very minutely warted, globose, often shortly pedi-
cellate, 3-4/i. Capillitium yellow, branched, 4-6/u, in diam. Woods,
especially oak. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
43. L. nigrescens Pers. Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 123.
Nigrescens, becoming black.
Pe. 3-5 cm. high and wide, brown, subglobose, depressed above,
attenuated downwards into a stem-like base; exoperidium con-
sisting of long, stiff, brown spines, connivent at their apices and
surrounded by a circle of minute, brown warts, or granules, which,
when the larger spines fall away, give a net-like appearance to
the endoperidium ; endoperidium paler, thin, smooth. Gleba olive
umber, somewhat lax. Sterile base of large cells, filling the stem-
like portion of the peridium. Spores olivaceous umber, globose,
very minutely verrucose, with caducous pedicels 4-5 p. Capillitium
olivaceous, rarely branched, 4— 6/^t in diam. Woods. Sept. — Nov.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
44. L. pyriforme (Schaeff.) Pers. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 304.
Pyrus, pear;/orma, shape.
Pe. 2-5-10 cm. high, 1-3 cm. wide, white, grey, or brownish, pyri-
form, or subglobose, subumbonate, attached at the base by long,
white, cord-like mycelial strands, thin, flaccid; exoperidium con-
sisting of minute, fugacious, pointed spines and granules; endo-
peridium concolorous, smooth. Mouth small, apical, torn. Gleba
white, then greenish yellow, and finally brownish. Sterile base white,
becoming discoloured, of rather small cells, forming the stem-like
portion of the peridium. Spores olivaceous, globose, 4//,. Columella
distinct, subglobose. Capillitium olivaceous, branched, long, 4-5 //, in
diam. Generally caespitose. Stumps, logs and buried debris of wood.
May— Feb. Common, (v.v,)
var. serotinum (Bon.) Hollos. Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 50,
figs. 1-2, as Lycoperdon serotinum. Serotinum, late.
Differs from the type in the peridium becoming broken up into
areolae. Stumps and logs. Oct. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
3—2
36 LYCOPERDON
var. excipuliforme Desmaz. Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 49, as
Lycoperdon Desmazieres. Excipula, a vessel ; forma, shape.
Differs from the type in the peridium being contracted abruptly into
a long, slender stem. Stumps and logs. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
var. tessellatum Pers. Lloyd, The Lycop. Unit. St. t. 50, figs. 3-6.
Tessellatum, checkered.
Differs from the type in the reddish brown exoperidium becoming
broken up into indurated areolae. Stumps. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
45. L. spadiceum Pers. (= Lycoperdon Cookei Massee sec. Hollos.)
Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 54.
Spadiceum, date brown.
Pe. 1-2 cm., bluish grey, soon yellowish, and finally light brown,
obovate and flattened below, or globose, abruptly contracted into a
stem-like base, and somewhat pear-shaped, whitish, becoming yellowish
towards the base ; exoperidium consisting of minute, nodular, granular
or subfurfuraceous spines; endoperidium concolorous, thin, often
covered with lime granules. Mouth apical, small, irregular. Gleba
olive, then brown. Sterile base whitish, then yellowish, and finally
umber brown, fairly large celled, convex, reaching to a third of the
peridium. Spores yellow, then olivaceous, globose, sometimes pedi-
cellate, 4/A. Capillitium yellowish, simple, rarely branched, 4-6/i in
diam. Gregarious. Sandy soil on heaths and lawns. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
**Sterile base with minute cells.
46. L. polymorphum Vitt. (= Lycoperdon furfuraceum (Schaeff.)
Sacc.) Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 34 and 52.
7ToA.u9, many; popfyr], shape.
Pe. -5-3 cm., white, then dirty yellow, or greyish brown, and finally
yellowish brown, somewhat reddish at the base when quite mature, round,
often depressed, sometimes pear-shaped, or attenuated into a stem-
like short base, thin, membranaceous ; exoperidium consisting of
minute, fugacious, furfuraceous spines and granules; endoperidium
thin, smooth and shining. Mouth apical, small, becoming torn. Gleba
yellowish, then olivaceous brown. Sterile base, very compact, con-
sisting of cells only perceptible under a lens, concolorous, reaching
to the apex of the stem-like base of the peridium. Spores yellowish,
very minutely warted, globose, sometimes with a wart-like basal
apiculus the remains of the sterigma, 3-4/1,. Capillitium yellowish,
or yellowish brown, branched, 4-6 /u, in diam. Sandy pastures and
heaths. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
LYCOPERDON. BOVISTELLA 37
var. cepaeforme (Bull.) Lloyd. Morgan, N. Amer. Fung, in Journ.
Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist, xiv, t. 2, fig. 9.
Cepa, onion', forma, shape.
Differs from the type in its constant subglobose shape, and in the
very scanty sterile base. Sandy soil on heaths. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
***Sterile base absent.
47. L. pusillum (Batsch) Pers. Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur.
t. 53, figs. 9-11. Pusillum, very small.
Pe. 9-20 mm., white, then yellowish, globose, attenuated at the base
into a tapering root ending in the white mycelial strands, membra-
naceous, flaccid; exoperidium consisting of minute, adpressed,
fugacious, mealy squamules; endoperidium smooth, shining, thin.
Mouth apical, small, irregular. Gleba white, then yellowish, or
greenish yellow, and finally brownish olivaceous. Sterile base absent.
Spores olivaceous ochre, very minutely warted, globose, sometimes
pedicellate, 3-5-4 /A. Capillitium yellow, much branched, tapering at
the ends, S-5-4//, in diam. Sandy soil on heaths. Sept. — Nov. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
Bovistella Morgan.
(Diminutive of Bovista, a puff-ball.)
Peridium subglobose; exoperidium thick, or thin, floccose, or
smooth, fugacious; endoperidium membranaceous, thin, dehiscing
by an apical aperture. Gleba with a well-developed sterile base. Capil-
litium threads free, consisting of a thick stem, and dichotomous, pointed
branches. Spores coloured, globose, or oval, smooth, pedicellate.
Superficial.
48. B. paludosa (Lev.) Lloyd. (= Bovista paludosa Lev.) Trans. Brit.
Myc. Soc. in, t. 8. Paludosa, of marshes.
Pe. 3 cm. high and wide, pale yellow, tinged with reddish brown,
subglobose, plicate below and abruptly attenuated into a well-de-
veloped stem-like base; exoperidium pale ochraceous (like a coat of
whitewash), gradually disappearing, very thin; endoperidium con-
color ous, becoming somewhat brownish with age, thin, flexible. Mouth
apical, minute. Gleba dark olive. Sterile base well developed, reaching
to the apex of the stem-like portion of the peridium. Spores olive,
globose, 4-5ju,, with long, hyaline, slender pedicels 9-10/A long.
Capillitium yellowish, thick walls deeper coloured, consisting of
separate, branched threads tapering to a point; branches 3-4 /A in
diam., main stem 9-12ju, in diam. Moors. Aug. Rare, (v.v.)
49791
38 BOVISTELLA. BOVISTA
49. B. ammophila (Lev.) Lloyd. (= Bovista ammophila Lev.) Lloyd,
Myc. Writings, n, t. 87, figs. 5-61. a/i/i09, sand; (£1X09, loving.
Pe. 3 cm., whitish, then pallid, broadly obovate, plicate below and
attenuated into a long, slender, taproot-like base, thin, brittle, rigid,
hard; exoperidium whitish broken up into tomentose warts; endo-
peridium pallid, thin. Mouth small, apical, irregularly torn. Gleba
dark brown. Sterile base of large cells, very firm, rigid, about one-
third of the peridium. Spores olive in the mass, pale under the micro-
scope, oval, 4-5/Lt with slender, tapering pedicels. Capillitium olive,
thick walled, consisting of separate, short, branched threads. Sandy
places. Sept. Rare.
Bovista (Dill.) Morgan.
(Bofist, a puff-ball.)
Peridium subglobose; exoperidium fleshy, smooth, fugacious,
sometimes persistent at the base; endoperidium membranaceous,
becoming papyraceous, thin, soft, dehiscing by an apical aperture,
or opening irregularly. Gleba without a sterile base. Capillitium
threads free, consisting of a thick stem, and dichotomous, long pointed
branches. Spores coloured, globose, oval, or elliptical, smooth, pedi-
cellate. Superficial.
50. B. nigrescens Pers. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 20, fig. 5.
Nigrescens, becoming black.
Pe. 2-5-6 cm., whitish, then pale dark brown, or umber brown, and
finally blackish umber, globose; exoperidium whitish, papyraceous,
soon breaking away; endoperidium concolorous, thin, tough, shining,
smooth. Mouth apical, irregular, torn. Gleba white, then ochraceous,
or olivaceous, and finally purple, soft, loose. Spores umber purple,
globose, or slightly oval, 5-6/z, with long, hyaline pedicels. Capil-
litium dark brown, thick walled, bent, branched, branches pointed
at the ends, 12-18/x in diam. Pastures and heaths. Jan. — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
51. B. plombea Fr. (= Bovista ammophila Lev. ex Massee in Journ.
of Bot. (1883), 133.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 20, fig. 6.
Plumbea, lead colour.
Pe. 1-3 cm., whitish, then lead colour, globose, or depressed ; exo-
peridium white, thin, smooth, soon peeling off, sometimes leaving a
persistent portion near the base; endoperidium lead colour, thin,
tough, opaque. Mouth apical, round, oval, or irregular. Gleba white,
then ochraceous, or olive, and finally purplish brown, soft, loose.
1 Lloyd states, l.c. n, 262, that the British record rests on an erroneous
determination.
BOVISTA. MYRIOSTOMA 39
Spores brown, subglobose, or oval, 6-7 x 5-6/i, with long, hyaline
pedicels. Capillitium brown, thick walled, branched, branches pointed
at the ends, 12-16/z in diam. Pastures and heaths. Jan. — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
52. B. olivacea Cke. & Massee. Olivacea, olive colour.
Pe. 3-5 cm., white, or ochraceous, globose; exoperidium very thin,
fugacious; endoperidium concolorous, thick, soft, becoming brittle
and breaking away in patches upwards. Gleba citron, then olive,
dense.' Spores pale yellow, globose, 5/z, sometimes pedicellate.
Capillitium pale, thin, flaccid. Pastures. Sept. Rare.
53. B. ovalispora Cke. & Massee. Ovalis, oval; a-Tropd, seed.
Pe. 5-6 cm., whitish, or ochraceous, subglobose ; exoperidium break-
ing away in patches above, subpersistent towards the base; endo-
peridium dull lead colour, thin, flaccid, smooth. Mouth apical,
irregular. Gleba umber. Spores brownish umber, with a narrow
hyaline border, elliptical, 6 x 4— 5/*, with long, stout, hyaline pedicels.
Capillitium umber, thick walled, much and vaguely branched, taper-
ing to long slender tips, 12-16/A in diam. Lawns. Rare.
Myriostoma Desv.
(livpios, countless; ar6/j,a, mouth.)
Peridium subglobose; exoperidium consisting of two layers, a
fibrous, or mycelial layer, and a pseudo-parenchymatous layer, thick,
fleshy-coriaceous, splitting at maturity from the apex downwards into
several star-like lobes which become refiexed; endoperidium membra-
naceous, then papyraceous, thin, supported on several short stems,
dehiscing by many apertures, or mouths. Capillitium threads simple,
rarely branched, tapering at the end. Spores coloured, minutely
verrucose, globose. Superficial.
54. M. coliforme (Dicks.) Cda. (= Geastrum coliforme (Dicks.) Pers.)
Dicks. PL Crypt. Brit. t. 3, fig. 4, as Lycoperdon coliforme.
Colum, a strainer ; forma, shape.
Exoperidium 7-10 cm., ochraceous, round, covered with large,
angular dark brown scales, splitting into 4-7 sharp pointed lobes,
divided almost up to the middle, reflexed, seldom inflexed; endo-
peridia lead colour, or brownish, round, compressed, with a silvery
sheen, minutely warted, supported on numerous, slender, angular,
or cylindrical, sometimes branched pedicels, mouths numerous, cili-
ated. Spores umber brown, verrucose, globose, 4-6/M. Columellas
numerous, filamentous, branched, or unbranched. Capillitium pale
brown, simple, flexuose, thick walled, pointed at the ends, rarely
branched, 3-4jU in diam. Sandy soil. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
40 GEASTER
Geaster (Micheli) Fr.
(yfj, earth; da-rijp, star.)
Peridium subglobose, rarely ovate acuminate; exoperidium con-
sisting of two layers, a fibrous, or mycelial layer, and a pseudo-
parenchymatous layer, thick, fleshy-coriaceous, at first closely in-
vesting the endoperidium but distinct splitting at maturity from the
apex downwards into several, star-like lobes, which often become re-
flexed; endoperidium membranaceous, then papyraceous, thin,
shortly stipitate, or sessile, dehiscing by a single aperture or mouth.
Capillitium threads simple, long, slender, tapering at each end,
attached to the peridium, or a central columella, the other end free.
Basidia bearing 4-8 spores. Spores coloured, minutely verrucose,
globose. Half buried at first, then superficial.
I. Exoperidium not splitting up into two portions when expanded.
*Peristome sulcate.
f Endoperidium stipitate.
55. G. Bryantii Berk. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 18.
Charles Bryant.
Exoperidium 2-6 cm., snow white, then pale ochraceous, and brown-
ish, globose, coriaceous, splitting up into 8-10 unequal, acute lobes,
divided almost to the middle, expanded, then recurved, brownish
inside, fleshy, then cracked, the collenchyma layer finally disappear-
ing with the exception of a circular ring at the base of the stem;
endoperidium -5-2 cm., snow white, then ochraceous, becoming blackish
blue when weathered, mealy, then smooth, subglobose, or pear-shaped,
compressed above, pedicellate, with a distinct, permanent groove round
the apex of the stem. Peristome long, conical, deeply furrowed, stria te.
Stem 5-10 x 2 mm., whitish, or brownish, cylindrical, or compressed,
slightly enlarged at the apex. Spores fuscous, obtusely warted,
globose, 4-5/A. Columella globose, broad at the base. Capillitium
brownish, subfusiform, or subcylindrical, rarely slightly branched
towards the ends, 4-6 //, in diam. Amongst leaves in woods and hedge-
rows. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. minor Berk. Minor, smaller.
Differs from the type in its smaller size.
56. G. pectinatus (Pers.) Lloyd. (= Geaster Schmideli Vitt.) Lloyd,
The Geastrae, figs. 19-22. Pectinatus, with teeth like a comb.
Exoperidium 3-6 cm., white, then ochraceous, globose, splitting up
into 5-10, subequal, acute lobes, divided up to about the middle,
revolute, whitish, or ochraceous inside, fleshy, the flesh cracking and
GEASTER 41
falling away; endoperidium 1-2-5 cm., brown, or lead colour, sub-
globose, mealy, attenuated into the stem and striate at the base.
Peristome prominent, long, conical, deeply sulcate, apex fimbriate.
Stem 6-8 x 2-3 mm., whitish, or concolorous, cylindrical. Spores
blackish umber, verrucose, globose, 4-6/u,. Columella thick, half as
high as the endoperidium. Capillitium brown, fusiform, simple, 4—7 p,
in diam. Pine woods and under conifers. Rare.
57. G. Berkeley! Massee. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 18, as Geaster
asper Lloyd.
Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the father of British mycology.
Exoperidium 6-9 cm., ochraceous, then brownish, globose, splitting
up into 7-9, unequal, acute lobes, divided to the middle, expanded,
then slightly recurved, hard, firm, brown inside, becoming slightly
cracked, even; endoperidium 2-3 cm., brown, becoming paler, broadly
ovate, coarsely papillose, or granular, pedicellate. Peristome long,
prominent, conical, sulcato-striate, surrounded by a smooth, depressed,
silky zone. Stem 3-5 x 6-8 mm., pale, compressed. Spores umber,
acutely warted, globose, 5-6 /A. Columella globose, short. Capillitium
brown, cylindrical, 9-lOju, in diam. Under trees and amongst fir
leaves. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
ffEndoperidium sessile.
58. G. umbilicatus Fr. (= Geaster striatus DC. ex W. G. Smith,
Grevillea, n, t. 16, fig. 1, sec. Hollos, Geaster Smithii Lloyd.)
Umbilicatus, having a navel.
Exoperidium 2-4 cm., whitish, or tan colour, then brown, globose,
splitting into 4—12, unequal lobes, divided almost to the middle, con-
vex at the base and reflexed, the tips incurved when dry, the outer
mycelial layer thin, usually adnate with adhering sand, the inner fleshy
layer brownish, adnate, thin when dry; endoperidium 5-15 mm.,
whitish grey, opaque, roundish, or oval, sessile, appearing slightly
pedicellate when dried. Peristome flattened (or when old conical),
seated on a depressed area, regularly sulcato-striate. Spores blackish
fuscous, slightly verrucose, apiculate, globose, 4-6/z. Capillitium
4-6/x in diam. Sandy places and coniferous woods. Nov. Rare.
**Peristome not sulcate.
fEndoperidium stipitate.
59. G. limbatus Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 18.
Limbatus, fringed.
Exoperidium 3-5-9 cm., blackish, or dark brown, globose, splitting
into 7-10, unequal, acute lobes, divided nearly to the middle, ex-
panded, or recurved, leathery, flexible, fibrillose, dark brown, or grey
42 GEASTER
inside, fleshy, smooth or cracked; endoperidium 1-3 cm., grey, some-
times light or dark brown, globose, or subpyriform, compressed, some-
times swollen at the base near the apex of the stem. Peristome
depressed, conical, subacute, fimbriato-ciliate, often surrounded by
a pale silky circle. Stem 3-5 x 4-10 mm., concolorous, or paler, com-
pressed. Spores blackish purple, acutely warted, globose, 4— 5ju.
Columella almost wanting. Capillitium brownish, fusiform, 5-7 /JL in
diam. Woods, hedgebanks, amongst firs and leaves. Sept. — Nov.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
tfEndoperidium sessile.
(a) Exoperidium strongly incurved when dry.
60. G. mammosus Chev. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 401, as Lycoperdon
recolligens. Mammosus, full-breasted.
Exoperidium 2-5-5 cm., ochraceous, variegated with white, or silvery
white, globose, splitting into 7-10, acute, somewhat narrow lobes,
divided nearly to the base, very hygroscopic, strongly inrolled when dry,
often umbilicate at the base; chestnut brown inside, smooth; endo-
peridium 8—15 mm., yellowish, or light brown, globose, sessile, smooth.
Peristome conical, acute, fimbriato-ciliate, surrounded by a pale
narrow silky circle. Spores dark brown, verrucose, globose, 3-6yu<.
Columella dark brown with a purplish tinge, short, cylindrical, conical,
broad at the base. Capillitium hyaline, simple, cylindrical, blunt at
the ends, 4-6/i in diam. Sandy woods and fields. Feb. — Dec. Un-
common, (v.v.)
G. hygrometricus Pers. = Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan.
(b) Exoperidium not incurved when dry.
a. Unexpanded plants globose.
61. G. fimbriatus Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 19.
Fimbriatus, fringed.
Exoperidium 2-5-6 cm., yellowish, globose, splitting into 5-15,
unequal, pointed lobes, divided to the middle or a little deeper,
and strongly recurved below forming a convex cushion at the base
of the sessile endoperidium, outer layer membranaceous, deep ochra-
ceous inside, fleshy, soon cracked, and often peeling off; endoperidium
1-2 cm., concolorous, globose, sessile, smooth. Mouth indeterminate,
piloso-fimbriate. Spores blackish umber, minutely verrucose, globose,
3-4/z. Columella obovate, slender. Capillitium yellowish brown,
simple, cylindrical, 3-6/Lt. in diam. Coniferous and beech woods, and
on heaths. May — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
62. G. saccatus Fr. Grevillea, 11, t. 20. craWo?, a bag.
Exoperidium 2-5 cm., yellowish, globose, splitting into 6-9, thin,
equal, acute lobes, divided to the middle, deeply saccate at the base,
GEASTEB 43
recurved, becoming incurved when dry, soft, flaccid, densely floccose
outside, becoming smooth; inside fleshy layer thin, adnate; endo-
peridium 1-1-5 cm., yellowish, globose, sessile, smooth. Mouth acute,
silky, surrounded by a broad, depressed zone. Spores minutely verru-
cose, globose, 3-4/A. Capillitium light brown, 4—5/i in diam. Sandy
ground in hedgerows. Aug. Rare.
/3. Unexpanded plants ovate acuminate.
63. G. lageniformis Vitt. Grevillea, n, t. 14, fig. 1.
\dyrjvos, a flagon ; forma, shape.
Exoperidium 4-8 cm., yellowish, ovate acuminate, splitting into
6-9, very long, pointed, nearly equal lobes, divided beyond the
middle, usually saccate but also recurved, with whitish mycelial
strands at the base, the mycelial layer closely adnate, often separating
and splitting into parallel lines; ochraceous inside, becoming brown,
fleshy layer soft, disappearing; endoperidium 1-2-5 cm., ochraceous,
or brownish, subglobose, sessile, soft, membranaceous. Mouth piano-
conic, silky, striate, surrounded by an orbicular silky zone. Spores
yellowish brown, minutely verrucose, globose, 3-4/i. Columella
small, clavate. Capillitium pale brownish, fusiform, simple, or slightly
branched towards the ends, 6-8/z in diam. Sandy soil. Woods
and hedgerows. April — Nov. Rare, (v.v.)
64. G. triplex Jungh. (= Geaster Michelianus W. G. Sm.) Lloyd,
The Geastrae, figs. 47-49. Triplex, three-fold.
Exoperidium 5—10 cm., brownish olivaceous, ovate-acuminate, split-
ting into 4-7, subequal, broad, acute lobes, divided to the middle,
often much cracked up into areolae on the outside', brownish inside,
fleshy layer very thick, cracking and peeling off with the exception
of a disc-like portion which forms a cup at the base of the endoperidium ;
endoperidium 1-5-3-5 cm., pale brownish, subglobose, compressed,
sessile, membranaceous. Mouth paler, broadly conical, fibrillose.
Spores brown, verrucose, globose, 4-5/x,. Columella pale brown,
clavate, long. Capillitium light brown, simple, fusiform, 6-7 //, in
diam. Woods and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
tttEndoperidium sessile, or substipitate.
65. G. rufescens Pers. Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 19.
Rufescens, becoming reddish.
Exoperidium 4-8 cm., yellowish, globose, splitting into 6-10, broad,
acute lobes, divided to the middle or beyond, expanded, then re-
curved, rigid, thick, firm; ochraceous inside, becoming rufescent, fleshy
layer thick, soon cracking, and often peeling off; endoperidium
1-5-3 cm., yellowish, or pale brownish, globose, or subovate, sessile
or substipitate. Mouth fibrillose, indefinite, frequently torn. Spores
44 GEASTER
brownish olivaceous, echinulate, globose, 4//,. Columella brownish
olivaceous, short, globose. Capillitium olivaceous, fusiform, simple,
6-7 /it in diam. Woods and pastures. May — Dec. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
var. minor Pers. Minor, smaller.
Differs from the type in its smaller size. Woods. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
II. Exoperidium splitting up into two portions, the lower
portion forming a hollow sphere at the base.
66. G. coronatus (Schaeff.) Lloyd. Lloyd, The Geastrae, figs. 58-61.
Coronatus, crowned.
Exoperidium 2-5-5 cm., yellowish, then brown, globose, splitting up
into four rarely more, equal, pointed lobes, divided nearly to the
middle, lobes attached by their apex nearly perpendicularly to the
mycelial layer which remains in the ground and forms a hollow cup,
brown inside, fleshy layer becoming cracked and finally peeling off;
endoperidium 4-10 mm., bluish grey, sometimes whitish, or brownish,
oval, oblong, or pear-shaped, with an apophysis above its attachment
to the stem, apex pale yellow with a sharply defined zone bordering
the base of the fibrous, projecting peristome, surface often rough with
white crystals. Stem 2-3 x 2-6 mm., whitish, often compressed.
Spores brown, verrucose, globose, 4-5 /x. Columella brown with a
purplish tinge, slender, elliptical. Capillitium brown, cylindrical,
5-7 [A in diam. Densely gregarious. Amongst coniferous needles.
Sept. — Oct. Locally common, (v.v.)
67. G. fornicatus (Huds.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 17.
Fornicatus, arched.
Exoperidium 4-9 cm., yellowish, globose, both the outer and the inner
layers splitting up into 4-5 lobes, the outer layer remaining sunk in
the ground and forming a hollow cup, whilst the inner lobes, divided
beyond the middle, stand perpendicularly (erect) on the end of the
lobes attached to the tips of the outer layer, hard, leathery, thick,
dark brown inside, the fleshy layer cracking and peeling off in places ;
endoperidium 1-5-3-5 cm., rust colour, or dark brown, globose, de-
pressed, or urn-shaped, with a ring-like apophysis above its attach-
ment to the stem, somewhat downy. Peristome conical, then tubular,
scarcely furrowed, ciliate. Stem 2-5 x 4-15 mm., whitish, cylindrical,
often compressed. Spores purplish, echinulate. globose, 3-4jLt. Colu-
mella brown tinged with purple, slender, clavate. Capillitium brown,
fusiform, 10-1 2/u, in diam. Meadows, pastures, heaths and amongst
firs. March — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
NIDTJLARIA 45
NIDULARIINEAE.
Peridium campanulate, cylindrical, or cup-shaped, consisting of
one to three layers, inclosing several peridiola, and sometimes covered
at the apex by a membranaceous epiphragm. Peridiola lenticular,
attached, or not, to the peridium by a funiculus, consisting of two
layers and lined on the inside with the basidia and paraphyses.
Basidia bearing 2-4 stipitate, or sessile spores. Spores white, ellip-
tical, oval, or subglobose, smooth. Growing on dead wood and twigs,
more rarely on the ground.
NlDULARIACEAE.
Same characters as the suborder.
Nidularia (Fr.) Tul.
(Nidulus, a little nest.)
Peridium subglobose, sessile, consisting of a single layer, without an
epiphragm, dehiscing irregularly, or in a circumscissile manner, by
the rupture of the upper portion. Peridiola lenticular, biconvex, or
compressed, numerous, without a funiculus at maturity, and involved
in mucus. Spores white, elliptical, or subglobose, smooth. Growing
on the ground, wood, or leaves.
68. N. pisiformis (Roth) Tul. Massee, Mon. Brit. Gastromyc. t. 37.
Pisum, pea,; forma, shape.
Pe. 4-10 mm., whitish, then cinnamon, or brownish, subglobose,
seated on a broad base, sessile, minutely tomentose, dehiscing in a
circumscissile manner. Peridiola brown, 2 mm, across, subrotund,
biconvex, shining. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or subglobose,
7-8 x 6-7 IJL. Cystidia "large, fusiform" Massee. Gregarious, or
solitary. Dead branches. May — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. Broomei Massee. C. E. Broome, the eminent mycologist.
Differs from the type in the narrowly elliptical spores, with a thick
hyaline epispore. Pine wood. Rare.
69. N. Berkeleyii Massee. (= Nidularia pisiformis (Roth) Tul. sec.
Lloyd.) Massee, Mon. Brit. Gastromyc. t. 38.
Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the father of British mycology.
Pe. 5-7 mm. broad and high, bright cinnamon, subglobose, be-
coming broadly open, thick, felt-like, hirto-tomentose ; bright cinna-
mon inside, velvety. Peridiola bright brown, about 2 mm. in diam.,
numerous (40-50), circular, biconvex, smooth, shining, much wrinkled
when dry, firmly agglutinated together by mucus. Spores colourless,
then becoming pale brownish olive, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6 /x. Solitary,
or two or three together. On wood, twigs, etc. Sept. Rare.
46 NIDULARIA. CRUCIBULUM. CYATHUS
70. N. confluens Fr. (= Nidularia pisiformis (Roth) Tul. sec. Lloyd.)
Conflueiu, crowded together.
Pe. 4-11 mm., whitish, subglobose, compressed, villose, dehiscing
irregularly, peridium thin. Peridiola deep chestnut colour, orbicular,
compressed, 1-5-2 mm. across, shining. Spores white, elliptical,
6-7 x 4-5/a. Crowded. On the ground, twigs and amongst leaves.
Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
N. dentata With. = Sphaerobolus dentatus (With.) W. G. Sm.
Crucibulum Tul.
(Crucibulum, a crucible.)
Peridium globose, then campanulate, or shortly cylindrical, sessile,
consisting of two layers, and closed by a membranaceous epiphragm at
the apex, which is finally ruptured. Peridiola lenticular, compressed,
biconvex, numerous, attached by a papilla to the funiculus. Spores
white, oblong-elliptical, smooth. Growing on wood, twigs, and dead
herbaceous stems.
71. C. vulgare Tul. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 2, fig. 2.
Vulgare, common.
Pe. 5-8 mm. high, 6 mm. across, greyish, or dirty cinnamon,
globose, then bell-shaped, or shortly cylindrical, at first closed by a
fugacious epiphragm, then broadly open, minutely tomentose on the
outside, soon becoming smooth, inside whitish, smooth, and shining.
Peridiola pale, 1-5-2 mm. across, circular, biconvex, attached by a
nipple-like tubercle to the funiculus. Spores white, oblong-elliptical,
8-12 x 4-6 /A. Gregarious, or crowded. Wood, twigs and dead fern
stems. Sept. — March. Common, (v.v.)
Cyathus Haller.
(icvaQos, a cup.)
Peridium cylindrical, then broadly campanulate, sessile, consisting
of three layers, and closed at the apex by a membranaceous epiphragm
which finally becomes ruptured and disappears. Peridiola lenticular,
compressed, umbilicate, numerous, attached by a funiculus. Spores
white, elliptical, smooth. Growing on wood, more rarely on the
ground.
72. C. striatus (Huds.) Pers. Holland, Champ, t. 109, no. 246.
Striatus, furrowed.
Pe. 10-15 mm. high, 8-10 mm. across, reddish brown, or ferruginous
and strigosely hairy on the outside, obconic, or bell-shaped, truncate
at the base, apex at first incurved, and the interior closed with a pale,
fugacious epiphragm, then opening out and disclosing the lead coloured,
CYATHUS 47
shining, fluted inner surface of the peridium. Peridiola whitish, sub-
circular, compressed, umbilicate, and attached to the funiculus, 2 mm.
thick. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 18-22 x 10/z,. Fasciculate. On
stumps, wood, twigs, and fir-cones. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
73. C. olla (Batsch) Pers. (= Cyathus vernicosus (Bull.) DC.) Berk.
Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 21, fig. 1, as Cyathus vernicosus.
Olla, a pot.
Pe. 10-15 mm. high, 8-15 mm. across, greyish, or ochraceous on the
outside, and minutely silky, then smooth, broadly bell-shaped, mouth
broadly open, undulate, tapering downwards to a narrow base, lead
coloured, or brownish inside, smooth. Peridiola blackish, or greyish,
shining, circular, biconvex, 3-4 mm. across, umbilicate, and attached
to the white funiculus. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 10-14 x 8//,.
On bare soil, rotten wood, sticks, and in flower-pots. Feb. — Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
var. agrestis Pers. Agrestis, pertaining to the fields.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, subhemispherical shape, and
erect margin. Stubble fields. Aug. — Sept. Common, (v.v.)
PLECTOBASIDIINEAE.
(SCLERODERMINEAE.)
Peridium subglobose, obovate, clavate, or variously shaped, sessile,
stipitate, or prolonged into a stem-like base, consisting of one or more
layers, dehiscing by the gradual falling away of portions of the peridial
walls, by the rupture of the exoperidium or endoperidium in an
irregular, or circumscissile manner, or by a well-defined apical aper-
ture. Gleba not divided up into cells, with, or without, a sterile
base, and traversed, or not, by sterile veins, which rarely break up
into peridiola, finally breaking down into a powdery mass, rarely
becoming slimy. Basidia clavate to pear-shaped, bearing 2-12, pedi-
cellate, or sessile, apical, or lateral spores, irregularly arranged,
rarely tufted, and not forming a distinct hymenium, intermixed, or
not, with capillitium threads. Spores white, or coloured, subglobose,
or elliptical, echinulate, verrucose, reticulate, or smooth. Subter-
ranean, or superficial.
SCLERODERMATACEAE.
Peridium subglobose, turbinate, or irregularly pear-shaped, sessile,
or prolonged into a stem-like base, consisting of one or more layers,
fleshy, leathery, or membranaceous, dehiscing in an irregular manner.
Gleba traversed by sterile veins. Capillitium rudimentary. Spores
coloured, globose, or elliptical, echinulate, verrucose, reticulate, or
smooth. Subterranean, or superficial.
48 MELANOGASTER. SCLERODERMA
Melanogaster Cda.
(/ieXa9, black; <ya<7Tr/p, belly.)
Peridium subglobose, or elliptical, with branched mycelial strands
springing from, every part of the surface, fleshy, firm, not sharply
separated from the gleba. Basidia pear-shaped, or elliptical to club-
shaped, bearing 3-4, apical, or sublateral, sessile spores. Spores
coloured, elliptical, or obovate, smooth, or papillate. Subterranean, or
half buried.
74. M. variegatus (Vitt.) Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 11, fig. 4, and
t. 12, fig. 6. Variegatus, of different colours.
Pe. 2-3 cm., ochraceous, or clear yellow, then reddish ferruginous,
irregularly globose, adpressedly tomentose, and ornamented with the
brown, fibrous, cord-like anastomosing mycelium. Gleba fuliginous,
then black, tramal plates whitish, then bright orange. Spores brown,
elliptic oblong, 10 x 5/z. Smell pleasant, aromatic. Amongst leaves,
and twigs. June — Nov. Uncommon.
var. Broomeianus (Berk.) Tul. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 426, as Tuber
moschatum. C. E. Broome, the eminent mycologist.
Differs from the type in the tramal plates never being bright yellow,
or orange. In tufts of five or six, under beech, and Lombardy poplars.
June — Nov. Not uncommon.
75. M. ambiguus (Vitt.) Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 2, fig. 5, and t. 11,
fig. 5. Ambiguus, changeable.
Pe. 2-5-3-5 cm., pale olive, becoming brownish when exposed to the
air, globose, or elliptical. Gleba jet black, tramal plates white, un-
changeable, "becoming reddish" Berk. Spores brown, obovate, or
elliptical, apex acute, or obtuse and papillate, 13-15 x 7-8/u. Smell
very foetid. Under fir, deodar, beech, poplar, and oak. April — Oct.
Rare, (v.v.)
var. intermedius Tul. Intermedius, lying between.
Differs from the type in the obovate, obtuse, very rarely slightly
papillate spores, and in the yellowish tramal plates becoming red when
dried. Bare.
Scleroderma Pers.
((TKXrjpos, tough; Seppa, skin.)
Peridium subglobose, obovate, or turbinate, sessile, or prolonged
into a stem-like base, consisting of one, or two layers, firm, leathery
or corky, warted, scaly, granular, or smooth, dehiscing irregularly,
or by the exoperidium splitting at the apex in a star-like manner,
SCLERODERMA 49
sharply separated from the gleba. Gleba at length becoming pulverulent.
Basidia pear-shaped, to clavate, bearing 2-5, shortly pedicellate spores.
Capillitium rudimentary, the remains of the sterile veins. Spores
coloured, globose, echinulate, verrucose, or reticulate. Superficial.
*Spores reticulate.
76. S. aurantium Pers. (= Sderoderma vulgare (Hornem.) Fr.) Berk.
Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 15, fig. 4, as Sderoderma vulgare Fr. in text.
Aurantium, golden.
Pe. 5-15 cm., whitish, or yellowish, often becoming pink when cut,
globose, subsessile, or substipitate, often depressed, verrucose, or
broken up into minute, rigid scales; peridium thick, tough, often
attached by a dense mass of cord-like mycelium at the base. Gleba
greyish white, then blackish with a purple tinge, tramal plates white.
Dehiscing by an irregular mouth. Spores blackish with a purple tinge,
reticulate with small meshes, verrucose, globose, 8-12^. Smell often
somewhat unpleasant. Woods, heaths, and under trees. July — Jan.
Common, (v.v.)
var. laevigatum (Fuck.) W. G. Sm. Laevigatum, made smooth.
Differs from the type in the even, smooth peridium. Woods and
heaths. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. aurantiacum (Bull.) W. G. Sm. Aurantiacum, golden.
Differs from the type in its brassy yellow colour. Woods. Sept. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. spadiceum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. Spadiceum, date brown.
Differs from the type in its smooth, date brown peridium. Beech
woods. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. cervinum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. Cervinum, fawn colour.
Differs from the type in its small size, and granular surface. Coni-
ferous woods. Uncommon.
77. S. Bovista Fr. Hollos, Gasteromyc. Ung. t. 23, figs. 16-20.
Bofist, puff-ball.
Pe. 2-5 cm., yellowish, subsessile, obovate, often irregular, thin,
pliant, smooth, or slightly scaly, sometimes breaking away in
patches, rarely substipitate, springing from a dense mass of cord-
like mycelium at the base. Gleba olive brown; tramal plates yellow,
floccose, the flocci with clamp connections. Dehiscing by an irregular
mouth. Spores olive brown, reticulate with large meshes, verrucose,
surrounded by an irregular, transparent border, globose, 10-1 3 p.
Sandy soil in woods, and on heaths. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
50 SCLERODERMA. PISOLITHUS
78. S. Geaster Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 186. Geaster, the genus Geaster.
Pe. 5-15 cm., greyish ochraceous, or yellow, globose, or turbinate,
sessile, minutely tomentose, granular, exoperidium very thick, splitting
at the apex in a stellate manner into recurved subequal lobes. Gleba
purple umber, floccose. Spores purple umber, reticulate, obtusely
verrucose, globose, 12-15/t, 1-pluri-guttulate. Sandy soil. Aug. —
Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**Spores echinulate.
79. S. verrucosum (Vaill.) Pers. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 48.
Verrucosum, warted.
Pe. 2-5-8 cm. wide, 2-10 cm. high, ochraceous, or dingy In-own, sub-
globose, continued below into a more or less elongated stem-like base,
sometimes almost sessile, covered with minute, darker warts, rarely
almost smooth; peridium thin above, fragile. Gleba umber brown,
tramal plates whitish. Dehiscing by an irregular mouth. Spores dark
brown, bluntly echinulate, globose, 10-14/z. Sandy soil in woods and
on heaths. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
80. S. cepa (Vaill.) Pers. Hollos, Gasteromyc. Ung. t. 23, figs. 3-7.
Cepa, onion.
Pe. 1-5 cm., reddish brown, or bay, globose, or bulbous, compressed,
sessile, or with a very short stem, smooth, or rough with very small
warts on the upper part; peridium very thick when fresh, thinner and
somewhat leathery and wrinkled when dry. Gleba white, becoming
sooty black tinged with lilac, tramal plates whitish, then greyish tinged
darker or lilac. Dehiscing by an irregular mouth. Spores blackish,
acutely echinulate, globose, 9-10/j,. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
Pisolithus A. & S.
(Polysaccum DC.)
(TTtcro?, peas; \t0o5, stone.)
Peridium irregularly globose, attenuated downwards into a stem-
like base, thin, membranaceous, dehiscing by the falling away of
the upper portion. Gleba forming round, or polygonal peridiola,
that finally become free and separate from each other. Basidia pear-
shaped, bearing 2-6, almost sessile spores. Spores coloured, globose,
verrucose. Capillitium rudimentary. Half buried in the ground.
81. P. arenarius A. & S. (= Polysaccum pisocarpium (Nees) Fr.) Sow.
Eng. Fung. t. 425, as Lycoperdon capsuliferum.
Arenarius, pertaining to sand.
Pe. 2-5-8 cm., ochraceous, then olivaceous brown, irregularly globose,
or pear-shaped, attenuated downwards into a stem-like base which is
ASTRAETTS 51
sunk in the ground, smooth, or rough; very fragile. Gleba consisting
of many peridiola', peridiola sulphur yellow, then brown, irregularly
angular. Spores reddish brown, warted, globose, 9-10/z. Sandy soil.
May — Oct. Eare. (v.v.)
CALOSTOMATACEAE.
Peridium globose, consisting of several layers. Gleba traversed by
sterile veins. Basidia pear-shaped or clavate, bearing sessile, lateral
spores. Capillitium well developed, springing from the inside of the
endoperidium. Spores coloured, globose or elliptical, verrucose, or
smooth. Superficial or half buried in the ground.
Astraeus Morgan.
(a<rrpov, a star.)
Peridium globose ; exoperidium consisting of three layers, the outer
composed of thin, irregularly interwoven hyphae, the middle layer of
a corky consistency and the inner cartilaginous and collenchymatous,
at first concrete with the endoperidium, then at maturity splitting
at the apex in a star-like manner into several lobes and separating
from the endoperidium; endoperidium thin, membranaceous or papy-
raceous, sessile, dehiscing by an apical aperture. Capillitium well
developed, springing from the inner surface of the endoperidium,
threads long, much branched and interwoven. Basidia pear-shaped,
bearing 4, sessile, lateral spores. Spores coloured, globose, minutely
verrucose. Half buried in the ground.
82. A. hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan. (= Geastrum hygrometricum
Pers.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. ra, t. 17.
vypos, wet; (jterpov, a measure.
Exoperidium 4r-8 cm., grey, or greyish brown outside, brownish in-
side and becoming deeply cracked, globose, tough, leathery, carti-
laginous, splitting up into 7-20, acute lobes, divided up almost to the
base, strongly incurved and depressed over the apex of the endo-
peridium when dry, reflexed and standing up on the apices of the
lobes when moist; endoperidium 1-5-2-5 cm., grey, or brown, sessile,
globose, depressed, smooth, or subreticulate, dehiscing by an irregular,
small apical mouth. Spores brown, minutely verrucose, globose,
8-11 jj,. Capillitium hyaline, thick walled, branched, 6-7 \L in diam.
Woods, and under trees. Feb. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
TULOSTOMATACEAE.
Peridium subglobose, stipitate, or prolonged into a stem-like base,
consisting of a thin, fugacious exoperidium, and a thin, membra-
naceous endoperidium, which is raised upwards by the firm, fibrous
4—2
52 TULOSTOMA. QUELETIA
basal portion. Gleba without cells. Basidia club-shaped, irregularly
scattered on the hyphae, bearing the spores laterally at various
levels. Capillitium well developed, attached to the endoperidium.
Spores coloured, globose, verrucose. Subterranean, or half buried in
the ground, then superficial.
Tulostoma Pers.
(TU'A,O<?, a knob; crro/ia, mouth.)
Peridium depressed globose; exoperidium, thin, fugacious; endo-
peridium membranaceous, thin, dehiscing by an apical aperture ; stem
elongate, inserted into a socket at the base of the peridium. Capil-
litium well developed, threads hyaline, very long, much branched,
attached to the endoperidium, interwoven. Spores coloured, globose,
verrucose. At first subterranean, then superficial.
83. T. brumale Pers. (= Tulostoma mammosum (Mich.) Fr.) Sow.
Eng. Fung. t. 406, as Lycoperdon pedunculatum.
Brumale, pertaining to the winter.
Pe. 5-10 mm., whitish, then yellowish, globose, or somewhat de-
pressed; outer peridium friable, inner peridium smooth, thin, mem-
branaceous, papyraceous; mouth small, slightly prominent, scarcely
toothed, entire. Stem 2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., reddish brown, equal,
slightly attenuated upwards to the base of the peridium, and sur-
rounded by a ball of mycelium at the base, smooth, or more or less
fibrillose, concolorous inside, stuffed. Spores pinkish, acutely warted,
globose, 4-5/i. Capillitium threads hyaline, branched, thick walled,
nodose septate, 4— 6/z in diam. Amongst sand, and on old walls.
May — Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Queletia Fr.
(Dr Lucien Quelet, the eminent French mycologist.)
Peridium subglobose, then prolonged into a stem-like basal portion;
exoperidium thin, fugacious ; endoperidium firm, hard, breaking away
from the stem-like base and dehiscing by the gradual falling away of
the peridial walls from the base upwards. Capillitium sparse. Basidia
with one to three, apical, or lateral, shortly pedicellate spores.
Spores coloured, globose, verrucose. Subterranean, then superficial.
84. Q. mirabilis Fr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 29, t. 28.
Mirabilis, wonderful.
Pe. 3-7 cm., whitish, subglobose, at first rounded above and slightly
conical at the base, which subsequently developes in a stem-like
BATTARBEA 53
manner; exoperidium thin, brittle, breaking up into fugacious
granules; endoperidium yellowish, becoming brownish, firm, hard, and
finally breaking away from the stem-like base, dehiscing by the
falling away of portions from the base upwards. Stem-like base
4-15 x 1-5-5 cm., whitish, then concolorous, torn up into revolute,
squarrose fibrils, and finally breaking away from the peridium at
maturity and exposing the rusty brown gleba. Spores rusty brown,
coarsely warted, globose, often shortly pedicellate, 6-8 /A; basidia
1-3-spored. Capillitium almost colourless, rarely branched or sep-
tate, 8-lOfj, in diam. Amongst rotten leaves, and spent tan. Sept.
Eare. (v.v.)
Battarrea Pers.
(J. A. Battarra, author of Fungorum Agri Ariminensis Historia.)
Peridium globose, exoperidium becoming irregularly torn at the
apex, leaving a volva-like basal portion; stem elongated, hollow, be-
coming torn into fibrous scales; endoperidium hemispherical, plane,
or concave underneath, dehiscent by a circular fissure beneath the
margin, the upper part coming off like a lid. Capillitium of simple,
or branched threads, with spiral, or annular thickenings. Spores
coloured, globose, verrucose. Subterranean, then superficial.
85. B. phalloides (Dicks.) Pers. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 390, as Lyco-
perdon phalloides Dicks. <f)a\\ds, penis; elSo?, like.
Volva 2-4 cm., white outside, parchment-like, pitted, filled when
young with colourless mucus, globose, splitting above into four or
five more or less pointed lobes, rust colour inside, fibrous, woody,
often fringed. Stem 10-30 x -5-2 cm., rusty brown, attenuated at
both ends, slightly ventricose in the middle, woody, firm, covered
with long, twisted fibres, whitish inside, and stuffed with long, trans-
parent threads. Inner peridium rusty brown, campanulate, some-
what flattened, fibrous, splitting horizontally and filled with the
yellowish brown Capillitium and spores. Spores rust colour, obtusely
verrucose, globose, often with a hyaline apiculus, Q/JL. Capillitium
threads pale rust colour, 63-80 x 8/1,, with spiral thickenings. Sandy
places, and in hollow trees. Sept. — Dec. Rare, (v.v.)
GrLISCHRODERMATACEAE.
Peridium globose, consisting of a single layer, seated on a ring-like
of mycelium surrounding the sessile base, dehiscing by a weli-
lefined apical aperture. Capillitium attached to the inner wall of
peridium. Spores coloured, globose, minutely warted. Super-
3ial.
54 GLISCHRODEEMA. SPHAEROBOLUS
Glischroderma (Fuck.) Rea.
(7X10-^/309, clammy; Sep/j.a, skin.)
With the same characters as the family.
86. G. cinctum (Fuck.) Eea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 2.
Cinctum, girdled.
Pe. 5-15 mm., pale grey, becoming darker with age, globose, slightly
sticky, then scurfy, dehiscing by a well-defined apical pore which
becomes larger, seated on a ring-like mass of white mycelium -5-2 mm.
wide at the base. Spores pale pink, minutely warted, showing 4-5
warts in a row across the hemisphere, globose, 4/z.. Capillitium
hyaline, thick walled, septate, 5-10//, in diam., attached to the inner
wall of the peridium. Charcoal heaps in woods. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
SPHAEROBOLACEAE.
Peridium subglobose, sessile ; exoperidium consisting of three layers,
an outer gelatinous layer, a middle pseudo-parenchymatous layer, and
an inner fibrous layer, splitting in a star-like manner into pointed
lobes when mature. Gleba consisting of a peripheral layer of upright
palisade cells and a central fertile portion, finally becoming slimy and
ejecting the whole mass. Basidia pear-shaped bearing 5-8, sessile
spores. Spores white, elhptical, or oblong elliptical, smooth. Growing
on wood and leaves.
Sphaerobolus (Tode) Pers.
(o-(j>aipa, a ball ; ySdXo?, a throw.)
With the same characters as the family.
87. S. stellatus (Tode) Pers. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 21, fig. 2.
Stellatus, set with stars.
Pe. 2 mm, high and broad, whitish, or pale yellow, globose, then oval,
seated on an arachnoid mycelium, splitting above in a stellate manner
into 6-8, acute teeth, tomentose, then smooth. Gleba at first whitish
and transparent, then brown, broadly elliptical. Spores white, broadly
elliptical, 10-11 x 5-6 ft. Crowded. On wood, twigs, sawdust, and
leaves. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
88. S. dentatus (With.) W. G. Sm. (= Sphaerobolus stellatus (Tode)
Pers. sec. Lloyd.) Dentatus, toothed.
Pe. 1-5 mm., pale livid buff, to vinous brownish, pale brown, or brown,
springing from scanty brownish mycelium, finely pilose with erect
hairs, opening above in a 4— 7-stellate manner, the rays clad with long,
white hairs, which at first converge over the opening, white, ivory,
white-greysih, or faint olive ivory inside, ejecting a reddish brown gleba.
Scattered. Dead elder. Aug. Rare.
SCHTJLZERIA 55
89. S. terrestris (A. & S. non Tode) W. G-. Sm. Brit. Basidiomyc.
fig. 139. Terrestris, pertaining to the earth.
Pe. -5-2 mm., saffron yellow, or sienna, at first hemispherical,
urceolato-ventricose, seated on a dense tomentose subiculum of buff
white, here and there brownish, mycelium. Gleba concolorous, solitary,
spherical. Spores white, elliptic-oblong, 10-12 x 5-6/A. Crowded, in
troops. Eotten wood, and running over leaves. March — Nov. Rare.
(v.v.)
Thekbolus Tode = A genus of the Ascobolaceae.
AGARICALES.
Hymenium strictly defined from the first, covering the exterior of
gills, or lining the interior of fleshy tubes, or pores, or spreading over
a smooth surface; at first protected by the universal, or partial veil
(the volva, or ring), then finally, at maturity, fully exposed.
AGARICINEAE.
Hymenium inseparable from the pileus and spread over the surface
of gills radiating from a stem, or central point. Receptacle fleshy,
membranaceous, or coriaceous, fragile, firm, or tough, putrescent, or
not putrescent, reviving with moisture or not, and sometimes con-
taining lacticiferous vessels; consisting of a pileus with, or without,
a central or lateral stem, and sometimes with a volva or a ring, and
broad gills acute at the margin. Growing on the ground, or on wood.
AGARIC ACE AE.
Same characters as the suborder.
I. Receptacle fleshy, trama not vesiculose, nor traversed by lacti-
ciferous vessels, not membranaceous, not rapidly putrescent, nor
tough and woody.
A. Pileus distinct, and easily separable from the fleshy stem.
* Without a ring, or a volva.
Spores white.
Schulzeria Bres.
(Stephan Schulzer.)
Pileus fleshy, regular; margin at first incurved. Stem central.
Gills free from the stem. Spores white, oval, or clavate, wall con-
tinuous. Growing on the ground.
90. S. lycoperdoides Cke. & Massee.
Lycoperdon eISo9, resembling a Lycoperdon.
P. 3-4 cm., tan coloured, beset with darker pyramidal warts re-
sembling those of some species of Lycoperdon, and often splitting at the
56 SCHULZEBIA. PLUTEUS
base, convex, then expanded; margin appendiculate. St. 5 x 1 cm.,
whitish, equal, minutely fibrillose. Gills white, free, rather crowded.
Flesh white, brownish under the cuticle. Spores white, oval, 5 x 4ju.
Under cedars. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
91. S. Grangei Eyre. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 5.
Grange Park, Hants.
P. 2-5-4 cm., dark green, cracking into fibrous scales on a white
ground, fleshy, convex, flatly umbonate. St. 5-6 cm. x 5-7 mm.,
brownish, squamose, squamules tipped with the same colour as the p.,
equal, base attenuated. Gills yellowish, free, broader in front,
minutely denticulate. Flesh white, reddish in the stem. Spores white,
club-shaped, 11-13 x 3-5 JJL, multi-guttulate. Caespitose. On soil
among beech leaves. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
S. Eyrei Massee = Glaucospora Eyrei (Massee) Rea.
Spores pink.
Pluteus Fr.
(Pluteus, a movable pent-house.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Gills free from the stem,
rounded behind. Spores pink, rarely pale yellowish, globose, sub-
globose, or elliptical, wall continuous. Cystidia on edge of gills pear-
shaped, or inflated clavate ; on the sides of the gill fusiform, or bottle-
shaped, and hooked at the apex. Growing on wood, more rarely on
the ground.
*Cuticle of the pileus separating into fibrils or flocci.
92. P. cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cervinus, pertaining to deer.
P. 4-10 cm., fuliginous, becoming paler, and broken up into fibrils,
or squamules, and often streaked, fleshy, somewhat fragile, campanu-
late, then expanded, viscid. St. 7-10 cm. x 5-15 mm., white, covered
with black fibrils, firm, equal, often bulbous at the base. Gills white,
then flesh colour, free, rounded behind, crowded, ventricose, somewhat
crenulated. Flesh white, soft. Spores pink, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5/u,.
Cystidia on gill edge pear-shaped, 25 x 22/x,, on gill surface fusiform,
hooked at the apex, 55-75 x 15-18/4. On fallen trunks, stumps,
sawdust heaps. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. Bullii Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 304, t. 357.
Dr H. G. Bull of Hereford, the originator of the Woolhope Club
fungus forays.
P. 10-16 cm., pallid, disc darker, convex, then expanded and
gibbous. St. 8-16 x 2-3 cm., pale brown, darkest at the swollen base,
PLUTEUS 57
fibrillose. Gills white, then pink, free, rounded behind, very broad,
crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores elliptical, 7-8 x 5fi. Stumps
and rotten wood. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. rigens Pers. Rigens, stiff.
Differs from the type in the cinereous pileus, with black fibrils, or
squamules, and the glabrous, somewhat shining stem.
93. P. eximius Saund. & Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 303, t. 302.
Eximius, distinguished.
P. 6-20 cm., rufescent umber, when young darker, and tinged with
carmine round the margin, campanulate, then convex and expanded,
viscid pellicle separable. St. 10-14 x 4 cm., pallid, at length becoming
blackish, nearly equal, sulcate upwards, fibrillose. Gills white, then pale
rose, becoming rufous when bruised, very broad, crowded, free, but
very close to the stem. Flesh yellowish, cartilaginous. Spores pink,
spherical, but somewhat irregular, 7 x 5 /A. On sawdust. Nov. Rare.
94. P. patricius Schulz. (= Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr. sec. Quel.)
Boud. Icon. t. 87. Patricius, noble.
P. 6-15 cm., white, or greyish, disc covered with brown, hairy,
pointed squamules, convex, then expanded, more or less silky; margin
lobed, and often split. St. 5-15 x 1-3 cm., white, covered with small
whitish squamules that become brownish at the base, equal. Gills
white, then flesh colour, free, very broad. Flesh white, firm. Spores pink,
elliptical, 5-8 x 3-5/A. On dead logs, stumps. June — Sept. Un-
common, (v.v.)
95. P. petasatus (Fr.) Karst. Cke. Illus. no. 305, t. 303.
Trerao-o?, a travelling hat with a broad brim.
P. 8-15 cm., whitish cinereous, at length somewhat date brown,
disc fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, viscid pellicle
separable, at length striate to the middle, margin membranaceous.
St. 10-20 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid, at length becoming tawny, rigid, fibril -
losely-striate, attenuated upwards from the silky base. Gills white,
then reddish, at length tawny at the edge, very broad, very crowded,
drying up. Flesh white, soft. Spores pink, " broadly oval, 7-5-9 x 4-5-
5/A. Cystidia fusoid-bottle-shaped, 11-14/t broad, with a few hooks "
Lange. On heaps of straw and dung, sawdust. Uncommon, (v.v.)
96. P. sororiata Karst. Soror, a sister.
P. 3-6 cm., yellow, somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then expanded,
floccosely-squamulose; margin somewhat striate, often repand. St.
6x1 cm., pallid, becoming yellowish, squamulose at the enlarged base.
Gills flesh colour, margin at first yellow, rounded behind, free, crowded,
58 PLUTEUS
oblong. Spores hyaline, or becoming very pale yellowish, broadly
elliptical, 7-8 x 6/4. On burnt and rotten wood, and rotting branches.
b. — Oct. Uncommon.
97. P. umbrosus (Pers.) Fr. (= Entoloma nigrocinnamomeum Schulz.
sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 88. Umbrosus, shady.
P. 6-10 cm., umber, campanulate, then expanded, subumbonate,
more or less rugulose, covered with adpressed fibrils, then squamulose;
margin more or less lobed, ciliato-fimbriate. St. 5-10 x -5-3 cm., pale,
covered with villose, brown squamules, base white, floccose. Gills white,
then rosy,fuliginous-fimbriate at the margin, free, broad. Flesh white.
Spores pink, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 //.. "Cystidia on edge fusoid bladder-
shaped, 15-25 /A broad, content yellowish-brown" Lange. Smell of
radish, taste slightly bitter. On stumps and fallen logs. Aug. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
98. P. ephebeus Fr. (=Pluteus villosus (Bull.) Quel.)
, arrived at man's estate.
P. 5-7 cm., violaceous bistre, fleshy, convex, then plane, at first
villose, finally floccose. St. 3-4 cm. x 5-8 mm., white, base swollen,
violaceous bistre, rigid, striate. Gills white, then rosy, free, very ventri-
cose, margin unequal. Flesh white, brownish under the cuticle. Spores
pink, globose, Q—lfji, with a large central gutta. On rotten wood, and
trunks. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
99. P. argenteo-griseus Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. v, t. 4.
Argenteus, silvery; griseus, grey.
P. 3-5-4-5 cm. wide, 2-5 cm. high, snow white, then becoming smoky
grey, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, fioccosely-silky, atomate ; mar-
gin splitting, exceeding the gills. St. 6-7 cm. x 5-6 mm., concolorous,
curved, striate, base bulbous. Gills white, then pink, 11-12 mm. broad,
free, ventricose, crowded. Flesh white. Spores pink, globose, or
elliptical, 6 x 6/n, or 7-8 x 6/z, 1-many-guttulate. Cystidia none.
Dead wood. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
100. P. violarius Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 311, t. 518, fig. B.
Violariiis, a dyer of violet colour.
P. 1-5-2-5 cm., dark purple, darkest at the disc, hemispherical, then
nearly plane, minutely velvety; margin undulate. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-
3mm., pale umber, sprinkled with delicate, black fibrils below, ivhitish
above, attenuated upwards, silky. Gills whitish, then bright flesh
colour, free, crowded, margin serrulate. Flesh grey, thickish. Spores
pink, subglobose and apiculate, 5-6/i. On stumps, and rotten wood.
Rare.
PLUTETJS 59
101. P. salicinus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1157, t. 1169, fig. A.
Salicinus, pertaining to a willow.
P. 2—3 cm., bluish-grey, then cinereous, disc darker, slightly fleshy,
convex, then plane, subnmbonate,flocculoso-rugulose. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-
6 mm., white-azure-blue, or sometimes becoming green, equal, often
thicker at the base, fibrillose, fragile. Gills white, then rose-colour, free,
ventricose. Flesh white, tinged with green. Spores pink, elliptical,
8-9 x 6-7 fj,, with a large central gutta. "Cystidia on edge inflated
clavate, 16— 18/A broad, on sides fusoid bottle-shaped, with hooks "
Lange. On willow, and alder trunks and branches. Feb. — Dec. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
var. beryllus (Pers.) Fr. ftrjpv\\o<;, a jewel of sea-green colour.
Differs from the type in the pileus being streaked with green, the
ash-coloured rugose disc, and the whitish stem with greenish fibrils. On
alder. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. floccosus Karst. Floccus, a flock of wool.
Differs from the type in the floccosely squamulose pileus. Rare.
102. P. hispidulus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 90, fig. 2.
Hispidulus, somewhat hairy.
P. 1-2 cm., grey, thin, convex, then plane, obtuse, silky, or slightly
pilose; margin at length slightly striate. St. 3-4 cm. x 2-4 mm.,
silvery white, equal, fragile, curved-ascending. Gills white, then rose
colour, free, broadest in front. Flesh white, grey under the pellicle of
the pileus. Spores pink, globose, 6-7 p. "Cystidia inflated-club-
shaped, 13-16/u, broad " Lange. On beech stumps, and rotten wood.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
103. P. peffltus (Pers.) Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 5, fig. 4.
Pellitus, covered with skins.
Entirely white. P. 2-5 cm., fleshy, convex, then plane, sub-
umbonate, silky. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., equal, slightly thickened
at the base, shining, fragile. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, rounded
behind, crowded, ventricose, margin slightly toothed. Flesh white,
soft, thin. Spores pink, "broadly ovate, 6-7 x 4-5 //,. Cystidia on
sides, subfusoid with hooks, on edge, inflated obtuse" Lange. On
and near trunks. July — Sept. Uncommon.
var. punctillifer Quel. Punctillum, a little dot;fero, I bear.-*
Differs from the type in the disc of the pileus being tinged fuscous
and covered with minute umber scales, and in the base of the stem being
covered with minute umber scales. Spores pink, globose, 6ft, 1-3-guttu-
late. On the ground. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
60 PLUTEUS
**P. pruinate, somewhat pulverulent.
104. P. nanus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. IUus. no. 309, t. 305, fig. A.
vdvvo?, a dwarf.
P. 1-5 cm., umber, sprinkled with fuscous, pulverulent sootiness,
disc often darker, covered with veined, radiating, umber wrinkles, thin,
convex, then flattened. St. 3-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, rigid, equal, or
attenuated downwards, slightly striate. Gills white, then flesh colour,
free, ventricose. Flesh white. Spores pink, broadly elliptical, 5-
6 x 4-5 /A, 1-guttulate. "Cystidia cylindric bladder-shaped" Lange.
On fallen sticks, especially birch and beech, and on sawdust. May —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. lutescens Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 309, t. 305, fig. B.
Lutescens, becoming yellow.
Differs from the type in the stem and often the gills and flesh being
yellow. Spores pink, globose, 5-6/x. On stumps. May — Oct. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
var. major Mass. Cke. Illus. no. 309, t. 305, fig. C. Major, larger.
Differs from the type in being larger, with an even greyish pileus.
Fallen sticks. Eare.
105. P. melanodon (Seer.) Fr. /te'Xa?, black; 6Sov<$, a tooth.
P. 2-5 cm., dull yellow, thin, convex, then plane, conically umbo-
nate, pulverulent; margin slightly striate. St. 6-7 cm. x 1-2 mm.,
yellowish brown, apex white, swollen base blackish, firm, polished. Gills
whitish, tinged with rose colour, free, ventricose, margin black, denticu-
late. Flesh white. Rotten wood in beech woods. Sept. Rare.
106. P. spilopus B. & Br. (= Pluteus spodopileus Sacc.) Cke. Illus.
no. 310, t. 325. <T7rtA.o9, a spot; Troy?, foot.
P. 2-4 cm., broum, or dark fawn colour, fleshy, convex, then ex-
panded, subumbonate, often depressed round the umbo, radiately
rugulose. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., whitish, or faintly tinged with fawn
colour, punctate with scattered black points, equal, incurved. Gills
white, then pink, free. Flesh white. Spores pink, globose, 7-8fi. On
stumps. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
107. P. semibulbosus (Lasch) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 89.
Semi, half; bulbosus, bulbous.
P. 1-4 cm., pale ashy ochraceous, becoming rosy and pale, sub-
membranaceous, thin, somewhat diaphanous, convex, then plane,
pulverulently pruinose, deeply striate. St. 3-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., white,
delicately pubescent, and velvety, minutely striate; base bulbous, velvety.
PLUTEUS 61
Gills white, then flesh colour, or slightly yellowish, free, ventricose.
Flesh white, somewhat filamentous in the stem. Spores pink, broadly
elliptical, 7-8 x 5-7 p.. "Cystidia obtuse, elongated, cylindric, very
prominent, 13-14^, broad, entire length, 75-1 15//," Lange. On poplar
trunks, sawdust and rotten wood. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon.
***P. glabrous.
108. P. leoninus (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Pluteus leoninus var. coccineus
Massee.) Cke. Illus. no. 313, t. 421, figs. A, B.
Leoninus, pertaining to a lion.
P. 3-7 cm., yellow, lemon yellow, crimson orange, or vermilion, thin,
fragile, campanulate, then expanded, margin striate. St. 4-7 x 1 cm.,
whitish light yellow, often vermilion at the thickened base, fragile, striate,
fibrillose. Gills white, then flesh colour, margin often light yellow, free.
Flesh white, or yellowish, reddish under the cuticle in the vermilion
specimens. Spores pink, elliptical, or globose, 5-7 x 5/z, multi-
guttulate. Cystidia "on gill surface flask-shaped to fusiform 60-
110 x 24-33 ju, apex rounded, untoothed, on edge of gill clavate to
bottle-shaped, 60-75 x 15-27//, " Rick. On old willows, and stumps.
Sept. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
109. P. roseo-albus Fr. Rosens, rosy; albus, white.
P. 7-8 cm., rosy, thin, convex, then expanded. St. 4-6 x 1 cm.,
white, pruinose, curved. Gills white, then flesh colour, free. Spores
pink. Poplar trunks. Sept. Rare.
110. P. chrysophaeus (Schaeff.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 91.
%/ouoro9, gold; <£ai09, dusky.
P. 2-4 cm., dark cinnamon, or pale umber, often streaked with Hack,
submembranaceous, convex, then expanded; margin striate. St.
4-6 cm. x 3-9 mm., yellow, equal, striate, fibrillose. Gills white, then
flesh colour, free. Flesh yellowish, deeper coloured in the stem. Spores
pink, subglobose, 6-7 /z, multi-guttulate. "Cystidia obtusely fusi-
form, subventricose, inflated" Lange. On twigs and stumps. May —
Nov. Common, (v.v.)
111. P. phlebophorus (Ditm.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 315, t. 422, fig. A.
<f>\ety, a vein; <f>epa), I bear.
P. 3-5 cm., umber, slightly fleshy, convex, then expanded,
wrinkled with veins. St. 3-6 cm. x 5—6 mm., white, shining, some-
what incurved; base swollen, floccose. Gills white, then flesh colour,
free. Flesh white, fragile. Spores pink, subglobose, 5-9 x 5-8/>t,
1-guttulate. Cystidia "bladder-shaped on edge of gill, 30-40 x 15-
18ju, " Rick. On rotten wood, dead twigs, and sawdust. June — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
62 PLUTEUS. GLAUCOSPORA
var. albo-farinosus Rea. Albus, white ; farinosus, mealy.
Differs from the type in the white mealy apex of the stem. On
rotten wood in woods. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
var. reticulatus Cke. = Pleurotus palmatus (Bull.) Quel.
var. marginatus Quel. Quel. As. Fr. (1884), t. 8, fig. 4.
Marginatus, bordered.
Differs from the type in the chestnut brown peridium, and the bistre
black, crenidate edge of the gills.
112. P. umbrinellus (Sommerf.) Fr. Umbrinellus, brownish.
P. 15 mm., bistre, convex, tough; margin paler, fimbriate. St.
5-7 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, shining, tough, rooting. Gills white, then
flesh colour, free. Spores "subglobose or elliptical 8-9 x 6-7 /u, or
7-8 x 6/x; cystidia 60-90 x 18-30/z, " Sacc. In coppices, and gardens.
June — Oct. Uncommon.
Spores green.
Glaucospora Rea1.
(y\av/c6<;, green; cnropd, seed.)
Pileus fleshy, regular; margin at first incurved. Gills free from the
stem. Spores bluish green, elliptical, wall continuous. Growing on
the ground.
113. G. Eyrei (Massee) Rea. (= Schulzeria Eyrei Massee.) Grevillea,
xxn (1894), t. 185, fig. 1, as Schulzeria Eyrei Massee.
Rev. W. L. W. Eyre, the ardent mycologist of Swarraton.
P. 2-4 cm., pallid, disc ochraceous, minutely granular, campanu-
late, then expanded and plane, broadly umbonate; margin incurved,
and appendiculate with the membranaceous veil when young, often
split, and revolute when old. St. 5 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid, becoming
ochraceous, flexuose, subequal, apex minutely mealy. Gills pale green,
then deep bluish green, free, narrowed, thin. Flesh white, yellowish in
the stem. Spores bluish green, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-5-3ju,. Under spruce
firs, and in pastures. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Spores ochraceous.
Pluteolus Fr.
(Pluteolus, a little pent-house.)
Pileus fleshy, very thin, viscid ; margin at first straight, adpressed
to the stem. Stem central, subcartilaginous. Gills free, rounded
behind. Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, or ochraceous brown, ellip-
tical, smooth. Cystidia obpyriform, or ventricose. Growing on wood.
1 The name Cfdoroapora proposed by Massee for this genus cannot stand, as
Spegazzini had previously used it for a genus of the Peronosporaceae.
PLUTEOLUS. PILOSACE 63
114. P. reticulatus (Pers.) Fr. (= Pluteolus aleuriatus Fr. sec. Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 516, t. 495. Reticulatus, netted.
P. 4-5 cm., delicate bistre, becoming violaceous, fuscous, or livid
grey, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate when mature,
subrepand, viscid at first, and covered with a network of anastomosing
veins, becoming more even, or slightly pitted; margin slightly striate.
St. 4-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, equal, fragile, fibrillose, the cuticle be-
coming polished, even, subcartilaginous, apex mealy. Grills dingy
cinnamon, distinctly free, ventricose, crowded, arid. Flesh white, thin.
Spores ochraceous ferruginous, broadly elliptical, often slightly de-
pressed on one side, 9-10 x 5-6^,, 2-4-guttulate. Cystidia obpyri-
form, or ventricose and apiculate, 15 x 8/u,. Dead wood. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
115. P. aleuriatus Fr. (= Pluteolus reticulatus (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.)
Fr. Icon. t. 126, fig. 5. a\evpov, wheaten flour.
P. 1-2-5 cm., bluish grey, livid, or rose colour, submembranaceous,
conical, then convexo-plane, viscid, striate to the disc. St. 2-5-
4 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, slightly attenuated upwards, straight, or
incurved, pulverulent. Gills saffron ochraceous, then cinnamon, free,
ventricose, 2 mm. broad, thin. Flesh white, very thin. Spores ferru-
ginous, oblong elliptical, 6-10 x 4/n, 1-guttulate. Rotten sticks, and
stumps. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
116. P. Mulgravensis Massee & Crossl.
Mulgravensis, belonging to the Mulgrave woods, near Whitby.
P. 5-6 cm., grey, somewhat fleshy, convex, then expanded, um-
bonate, flocculose, becoming broken up into squamules, striate. St.
4 cm. x 3-4 mm., whitish, subequal, base subclavate, smooth. Gills
white, then cinnamon, free, crowded, broad. Spores ochraceous brown,
elliptical, 9-10 x 4-5/A. On wood. Sept. Rare.
Spores purple, or fuscous.
Pilosace Fr.
(7rtX,09, a cap; era/eo?, a shield.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, stout. Gills free from the
stem. Spores bay purple, globose, smooth, with a germ-pore. Grow-
ing on the ground.
117. P. Algeriensis Fr. in Quel. (\ = Stropharia epimyces (Peck) Atk.
sec. Harper.) Algeriensis, Algerian.
P. 10cm., snow white, then reddish, or bistre, fleshy, convex,
then plane, smooth, shining like a kid glove. St. 4-5 x 4-5 cm.,
white, incrassated at the base, silky. Gills rosy flesh colour, then bistre
64 LEPIOTA
violaceous, free, horizontal, narrow. Flesh white, compact, soft. Spores
"bay purple, globose, 8/u," Quel. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible.
On the ground amongst ferns. Aug. Rare.
**With a ring on the stem.
Spores white.
Lepiota (Pers.) Fr.
(XeTTt?, a scale; ou<?, ear.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring membranaceous, free,
or adnate, persistent, or fugacious, always manifest in the adult stage.
Gills free, adnate, or sinuato-adnate, often attached to a collar.
Spores white, rarely pinkish, or ochraceous, oval, elliptical, pip-
shaped, fusiform, subreniform, deltoid, or projectile shaped; con-
tinuous, or with a germ-pore. Cystidia rare. Growing on the ground,
rarely on wood.
A. EPIDERMIS DRY.
*P. squamulose, or becoming broken up into scales.
(a) Ring movable, distinct from the volva ; apex of stem
surrounded by a cartilaginous collar.
118. L. procera (Scop.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 11, no. 15.
Procera, tall.
P. 10-25 cm., whitish, the brownish cuticle breaking up into thick,
separable scales, ovato-acorn-shaped, then campanulate, and flattened,
with a broad, obtuse, prominent umbo; margin fimbriate, fibrillose.
St. 15-30 x 1-5-2 cm., brownish, breaking up into snake-like markings,
due to the slower growth of the external hyphae, cylindrical, base
bulbous. Ring white above, brownish on the exterior, thick, movable,
persistent, cartilaginous near the stem, fibrillose at the margin. Gills
whitish, often becoming fuscous at the edge, remote from the stem, and
separated by a cartilaginous collar, ventricose, crowded, broader in
front, soft, crowded. Flesh white, floccose. Spores white, elliptical,
15-18 x 10/A, multi-guttulate, with a germ-pore. Cystidia "on edge
of gill bottle-shaped to clavate, 40-50 x 15-20 ju" Rick. Taste and
smell pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. July — Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
119. L. prominens Fr. Viv. Ital. t. 12. Prominens, prominent.
P. 5-10 cm., ochraceous, disc covered with brownish-ochre, imbricate
scales, which are more sparse towards the fibrillose margin, hemi-
spherical, then flattened, with a prominent, darker umbo. St. 7-
18 x 1-2 cm., brownish, or ochraceous, with a few scattered adnate
squamuks, equal, base abruptly bulbous. Ring whitish, movable, fim-
LEPIOTA 65
briate at the margin. Gills white, free, separated by a cartilaginous
collar. Flesh white, floccose. Spores white, elliptical, 14-16 x 8-9 /A.
Taste and smell pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and upland downs.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
120. L. rhacodes (Vitt.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 10. paico?, ragged.
P. 7-18 cm., greyish ochre, covered with large, thick, angular, ragged,
yellowish scales, which become darker at their margin, disc flat, and
deeper in colour, very fleshy, globose, then flattened, or depressed.
St. 7-25 x 1-5-2 cm., white, bruising reddish, conical, then elongated,
and attenuated upwards, base large, marginately bulbous, smooth.
Ring white, or brownish, clothed on the outside with one or two zones
of scales, fimbriate at the margin. Gills whitish, or reddish, free,
separated by a cartilaginous collar, lanceolate or ventricose, crowded.
Flesh white, reddening on exposure to the air, especially in the stem.
Spores white, elliptical, 12-15 x 6-8/i, 1-2-guttulate, with a germ-
pore. Cystidia "on edge of gill coloured, ventricose-bottle-shaped,
30-36 x 12-15^t " Rick. SmeU and taste pleasant. Edible. Under
trees in pastures, and in coniferous woods. July — Nov. Common.
(v.v.)
121. L. puellaris (Fr.) Rea. Puellaris, girlish.
P. 5-8 cm., white, disc gibbous and ochraceous, campanulate, then
convex, surface breaking up into delicate, floccose scales. St. 9—
12 x 1 cm., white, equal, slightly mealy above the ring, base sub-
bulbous. Ring white, movable, narrow. Gills white, free, separated
by a narrow, cartilaginous collar, narrowed behind, crowded. Flesh
white, or faintly tinted reddish. Spores white, oblong-elliptical, 12-
18 x 7-8 /A, 1-3-guttulate. "Cystidia obovate-bottle-shaped, 16jLt
broad, occasionally with a somewhat protruding apex" Lange. Taste
pleasant. Edible. In pastures, generally under oaks. Aug. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
122. L. permixta Barla. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 10, figs. 1-4.
Permixta, mixed up.
P. 12-15 cm., disc brown cinnamon, the paler ground colour else-
where covered with cinnamon brown patches of the cuticle, campanula to-
convex, then expanded, subumbonate; margin whitish, torn. St. 12-
15 x 1-5-2 cm., white, covered with small, irregular brownish scales,
base bulbous. Ring tawny brown, membranaceous, large, margin
fimbriate. Gills yellowish white, or flesh colour, remote from the stem,
and separated by a cartilaginous collar, narrowed behind, crowded.
Flesh white, becoming reddish, floccose. Spores "oval, elliptical or
almond shape, 12-20 x 8-1 2 p, hyaline, surrounded by a golden
ring" Sacc. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Sept. —
Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
66 LEPIOTA
123. L. excoriata (SchaefL) Fr. Krombb. t. 24, figs. 27-28.
Excoriata, peeled.
P. 6-10 cm., whitish, disc often brown, gibbous, fleshy, globose, then
expanded and plane, the very thin cuticle breaking up into large patches
and appearing as if it had been drawn inwards from thefimbriate margin.
St. 4-7-5 x -5-1 cm., white, or tinged greyish, equal, base bulbous.
Ring concolorous, firm, movable. Grills white, remote from the stem,
and separated by a cartilaginous collar, soft, crowded. Flesh white.
Spores white, elliptical, 14—15 x 9-11^, with an apical germ-pore.
"Cystidia obtusely fusiform, 50 x 10/i" Lange. Taste and smell
pleasant. Edible. Heaths, and pastures, rarely in woods. May — Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
124. L. gracilenta (Krombh.) Fr. Gracilenta, slender.
P. 7-12 cm., whitish, the fuscous cuticle breaking up into closely
adnate scales, ovate, then campanulate, and at length flattened,
umbonate; margin deprived of its cuticle. St. 12-15 x -5-1 cm.,
whitish, covered with small, distinct, yellowish scales, attenuated up-
wards, base subbulbous. Ring white, floccose, very laxly woven,
movable, fugacious. Gills white, often dingy at the edge, remote from
the stem and separated by a broad, cartilaginous collar, very crowded.
Flesh white. Spores white, pip-shaped, 12-13 x 7-8fi, with a large
central gutta, and an apical germ-pore. "Cystidia on edge of gill
ventricose-bottle-shaped, 30-36 x 12-15ju," Rick. Taste and smell
pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. Aug. — Nov. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
125. L. mastoidea Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 23, t. 24.
/nao-To? etSo9, breast-like.
P. 3—6 cm., whitish, the fuscous cuticle becoming broken up into
adpressed scales, campanulate, then convex, acutely umbonate. St.
7-10 cm. x 3—4 mm., whitish, or bistre, obsoletely squamulose, tough,
flexible, attenuated at the apex, base bulbous. Ring white, margin
brownish, entire, movable. Gills white, or cream colour, very remote
from the stem, and separated by a cartilaginous collar, lanceolate,
soft, very crowded. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 15 x 9-10/>t.
Taste and smell pleasant. Edible. Heaths, pastures, and clearings
in woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
126. L. nympharum Kalchbr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 2, fig. 1.
Nympha, a bride.
P. 3-10 cm., white, covered with white, concentric, squarrulose, torn
scales, that become somewhat ochraceous at their margin with age,
disc ochraceous, campanulate, then conico-convex. St. 7-5—10 x -5-
1 cm., white, attenuated upwards, base bulbous, apex mealy. Ring
LEPIOTA 67
white, distant. Gills white, remote from the stem, and separated by
a cartilaginous collar, attenuated behind. Flesh white, becoming pink-
ish under the cuticle of the pileus and at the base of the st. Spores
white, subglobose, or elliptical, 7 x 6/i, or 7-10 x 6/x, with a large
central gutta. Taste pleasant. Edible. Heaths and hedgerows. Oct.
— Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
(b) Ring fixed, homogeneous with the universal veil which clothes
the st.; apex of st. without a cartilaginous collar; p. torn into
scales, or flocci.
127. L. acutesquamosa (Weinm.) Fr. (= Lepiota aspera (Pers.) Quel.)
Holland, Champ. 1. 13, no. 20. Acutus, sharp; squamosa, scaled.
P. 3-12 cm., pale ferruginous, covered with small, rigid, apiculate,
fuscous, deciduous warts, which leave areolate scars, fleshy, hemispheri-
cal, then expanded, convex, very obtuse, tomentose. St. 7-5-10 x 1-
2-5 cm., white, becoming ferruginous downwards with the fibrils and
spirally arranged scales (the remains of the universal veil) attenuated
upwards, base subbulbous. Ring white, becoming yellow, margin
sprinkled with rust coloured warts on the underside, large, soft, pendu-
lous from the apex of the stem. Gills white, free, very crowded,
lanceolate, often branched. Flesh white, thick. Spores white, ellip-
tical, or globose, 3-6 x 3-4/n. Cystidia " obovate-subrotund " Lange.
Taste slightly bitter, smell strong. Woods, pastures, and bare soil.
Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
128. L. Friesii (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1105, t. 941.
Elias Fries, the prince of mycologists.
P. 9-10 cm., ferruginous fuscous, covered with adpressed, tomentose,
reddish brown scales, very fleshy, campanulate, then convex, soft.
St. 8-11 x 1-5-2 cm., concolorous, cylindrical, or subbulbous, scaly at
the base. Ring white, superior, pendulous. Gills white, linear, free,
often veined, branched. Flesh white, becoming yellowish, thick at the
disc. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 3-4 p, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "on
edge of gill vesiculose, 15-18 x 10-13/x," Rick. Smell strong, taste
unpleasant. On bare soil in gardens, and in oak and beech woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
129. L. hispida (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 14. Hispida, rough.
P. 3-7 cm., fuscous umber, fleshy, soft, hemispherical, then ex-
panded, umbonate, tomentose, then breaking up into thin, pointed,
fugacious papillae, or scales. St. 7-5 x -5-1 cm.., fuscous umber, attenu-
ated upwards, densely fioccosely scaly below the ring. Ring whitish,
superior, membranaceous, reflexed, floccose. Gills white, remote
from the stem, with a prominent collar encircling the stem, crowded,
5—2
68 LEPIOTA
ventricose. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/x.
Cystidia none. Smell of radish. Shady beech woods, and coniferous
woods. Aug. — Oct. Eare. (v.v.)
130. L. Badhami B. & Br. Boud. Icon. t. 11. Dr. C. D. Badham.
Whole plant becoming saffron-red when touched or wounded, then
finally blackish. P. 5-12 cm., greyish, campanulate, obtuse, at length
expanded, often depressed and umbonate, hispid, with minute, vel-
vety, fuliginous scales, but sometimes entirely fuliginous without any
distinct scales. St. 5-18 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, silky, or floccoso-
scaly, attenuated above, base bulbous. King white, firm, erect, and
deflexed, more or less movable, often clothed with dingy granules on
the outside. Gills white, remote from the stem. Flesh white, instantly
becoming red when cut, and finally blackish. Spores white, elliptical,
or pip-shaped, 6-7 x 3-4/x, 1-2-guttulate. Smell rather disagreeable.
Under oaks, Spanish chestnuts, yews, and in hedgerows. Sept. — Nov.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
131. L. meleagris (Sow.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 26, t. 26.
Meleagris, a guinea-fowl.
P. 2-5 cm., fawn colour, covered with minute blackish scales, fleshy,
thin, ovate, or hemispherical, very obtuse, minutely tomentose and
warty, then expanded, somewhat campanulate. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 5-
8 mm., concolorous, here and there tinged with yellow, minutely squamu-
lose below the ring, fusiform, or attenuated upwards from the bulbous
base. Ring white, often covered with minute blackish scales on the out-
side, torn, very fugacious. Gills white, then rose colour, rarely lemon
colour, becoming reddish by rubbing, remote from the stem and
separated by a collar, rounded behind, sometimes connected,
ventricose. Flesh turning red, as does the whole plant when
dried. Spores "elliptical, 6-7 x 4/u," Massee. Taste not disagree-
able. Plantations, hedgerows, hot beds, and spent tan. May — Oct.
Rare.
132. L. emplastnun Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1106, t. 1164.
€fj,7r\aa-rpov, a plaster.
P. 5-7-5 cm., pallid, covered with a smooth, membranaceous, dark
brown cuticle, which becomes broken up into large, persistent patches,
convex, then expanded, silky below the cuticle. St. 7-5 x 1-1-5 cm.,
pallid, equal, base slightly thickened, more or less striate. Ring
whitish, externally brown at the margin, rather distant, erect. Gills
whitish, remote from the stem, crowded, narrowed behind. Flesh
white, becoming pink, or reddish when cut. Spores white, elliptical,
obliquely apiculate, 18-20 x 10-12^. Under trees. Oct. Rare.
LEPIOTA 69
133. L. biornata B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 27, t. 37.
Bis ornata, doubly adorned.
P. 2-5-5 cm., white, or yellowish, sprinkled with scattered, minute,
dark red scales, fleshy, convex, broadly campanulate. St. 10 cm.
x 8 mm., whitish spotted with red, attenuated at the base, rooting.
Eing white, spotted at the edge like the pileus, descending. Gills
white, approximate, ventricose, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, or yellow,
reddish in the stem. Spores white, elliptical, 10 x 8/i. The whole plant
becomes blackish when dry. Melon, and cucumber frames. July.
Eare.
134. L. clypeolaria (Bull.) Fr. (= Lepiota metulaespora B. & Br. of
many British authors.) Cke. Illus. no. 28, t. 27, as Lepiota
hispida Lasch. Clypeus, a shield.
P. 3-7-5 cm., very variable in colour, at first covered with a yellow, or
'brownish, dense felt, which breaks up into floccose, torn patches, fleshy,
campanulate, then convex, and flattened, disc gibbous; margin ap-
pendiculate with the remains of the ring. St. 6-8 cm. x 4-10 mm.,
concolorous, equal, or slightly thickened at the base, fragile, clothed
with the same felt-like covering below the ring. Eing concolorous, floccose,
fugacious. Gills white or becoming yellow, free, 6 mm. broad, soft, some-
what crowded. Flesh white, floccose. Spores white, fusiform, 14-
15 x 6jLt, 1-many-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible.
Woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
135. L. clypeolarioides Eea (= Lepiota clypeolaria Auct. plur. non
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 29, t. 38, as Lepiota clypeolaria Bull.
Clypeolaria etSo?, resembling L. clypeolaria.
P. 3—5 cm., tan colour, covered with small, adpressed reddish brown
scales and fibrils, fleshy, convex, obtusely umbonate, then plane and
depressed. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, scaly below the
ring, slightly attenuated upwards. Eing concolorous, narrow, distant.
Gills white, becoming yellowish, free, crowded. Flesh white. Spores
white, elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4/u,, or 8 x 5/x, 1-guttulate. Woods, and
hedgerows. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
136. L. pratensis (Fr.) Eea. Pratensis, growing in meadows.
P. 2-5 cm., yellowish tawny, disc darker, margin paler, convex, then
expanded, obtusely umbonate, almost smooth. St. 6-7 cm. x 6-10 mm.,
yellowish, densely clothed with erect, white flocci up to the ring. Eing
white, floccose, somewhat fugacious. Gills white, free, attenuated at
both ends, crowded. Flesh white, brownish under the epidermis and
at the base of the stem. Spores white, fusiform, 12-14 x 4-5/z, 1-2-
guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Heaths, hillsides, and
pastures. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
70 LEPIOTA
137. L. alba (Bres.) Sacc. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 16, fig. 1, as Lepiota
clypeolaria Bull. var. alba Bres. Alba, white.
P. 3-7 cm., whitish, becoming yellowish with age, fleshy, convex, then
expanded, broadly umbonate, disc glabrous ; margin fibrillosely floc-
culose, then squamulose. St. 4-6 cm. x 8-10 mm., white, somewhat
fuscous at the base, equal, or attenuated downwards, white floccose and
spotted below the ring, often forming a spurious second ring, finally
becoming glabrous. Ring white, floccose and yellow on the outside,
striate inside, distant, fugacious. Gills white, then ochraceous, free,
crowded, 5-7 mm. broad. Flesh white, somewhat yellowish in the stem.
Spores white, obovate-oblong, rounded at the one end, apiculate at
the other, 11-14 x 6-7 p, 1-guttulate. Edible. Heaths, and hillsides.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
138. L. gracilis (Quel.) Rea. GracUis, slender.
P. 2-3 cm., whitish, disc brown, becoming broken up into brownish or
rufous squamules, convex, then plane, floccose; margin white, be-
coming torn. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-5 mm., whitish, becoming discoloured,
equal, smooth. Ring white, with a few scattered brownish squamules,
median, silky, floccose, fugacious. Gills white, free, crowded. Flesh
white, thin, floccose. Spores white, pip-shaped, or elliptical with an
oblique basal apiculus, 9-11 x 5-6//,. Cystidia none. Under beeches.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
139. L. fulvella Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 2, fig. 2.
Fulvella, somewhat tawny.
P. 3-5 cm., somewhat tawny, fleshy, convexo-campanulate, then
expanded and subumbonate, covered with closely adpressed, darker
squamules; margin thin. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-6 mm., concolorous, equal,
or attenuated downwards, hollow, smooth. Ring whitish, inferior,
fugacious. Gills pallid, then ochraceous, 4-6 mm. broad, free, rounded
behind, crowded. Flesh whitish, watery. Spores white, oblong, angu-
lar, truncate at the base, acute, or acutely angular at the apex, 9-
10 x 3-5-4 JJL, 1-2-guttulate; basidia clavate, 4-sterigmata. Cystidia
subglobose, or pyriform, 14-18 x 8-12/z. Smell and taste none. Bare
soil in woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
L. metulaespora B. & Br. The records of this as British are erroneous ;
they should be referred to Lepiota clypeolaria (Bull.) Fr. as
defined above.
140. L. helveola Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 8.
Helveola, pale yellowish.
P. 1-5-3 cm., madder brown, somewhat fleshy, convex, then ex-
panded, subumbonate, scaly. St. 2-4 cm. x 3-7 mm., concolorous,
equal, fibrilloso-tomentose. Ring whitish, distant, fugacious. Gills
LEPIOTA 71
creamy white, free, crowded, 4-5 mm. wide, ventricose, edge fimbriate.
Flesh white, becoming reddish when dry. Spores white, elliptical, or
subreniform, 6-10 x 4— 6/i, granular. Poisonous. Amongst short
grass. Sept. — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
141. L. felina (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1108, t. 943, fig. A.
Felina, cat-like.
P. 2-3 cm., whitish, covered with concentric, small, blackish bistre
scales, disc blackish, convex, subumbonate. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-5 mm.,
white, often sprinkled with blackish bistre scales near the base, equal, or
subbulbous. Ring white, often sprinkled with blackish bistre scales,
superior, membranaceous, fugacious. Gills white, or yellowish, free,
ventricose. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4/x,
1-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate-vesiculose, 33-36 x 8-
10/<i" Rick. Under conifers. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
142. L. micropholis B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 1108, t. 943, fig. B.
/Aitcpos, small; <f>o\i<;, a scale.
P. 1-1-5 cm., white, covered with minute, concentric, dark grey, or
blackish scales, conical, then plane; margin slightly striate. St.
2-2-5 cm. x 2 mm., white, curved, base minutely bulbous. Ring white,
blackish on the under surface, distant, spreading. Gills white, free,
2 mm. broad, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white, very thin. Spores
white, elliptical, 5—6 x 3— 4/A, with a large central gutta. On coconut
fibre in stoves, and on soil in pots. Aug. Rare, (v.v.)
143. L. nigromarginata Massee. Niger, black; marginata, margined.
P. 3-5 cm., pale sienna-ochre, covered with small, concentric, umber
scales, campanulate, soon expanded, subumbonate. St. 5-6 cm.
x 3 mm., buff, peronate below the ring, attenuated upwards. Ring
white, membranaceous, distant, persistent. Gills whitish, edge bordered
with dark umber, free, broader in front, narrow. Flesh whitish, thin.
Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/z, 1-guttulate. Amongst grass. Rare.
144. L. cristata (A. & S.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 31, t. 29.
Cristata, crested.
P. 2—7 cm., whitish, disc brown, covered with reddish brown scales,
slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, often umbonate, silky.
St. 4—6 cm. x 3-8 mm., white, yellowish, or rufescent, equal, silky,
fragile. Ring white, often tinged reddish, distant, membranaceous,
narrow, fugacious. Gills white, free, very crowded, plane. Flesh
white, often tinged reddish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4 p.
Cystidia "on edge of gill bottle-shaped, 30-36 x 8-12/*" Rick. Smell
strong, often of radish, taste unpleasant. Woods, pastures, and lawns.
July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
72 LEPIOTA
145. L. castanea Quel. Quel. As. Fr. (1880), t. 8, fig. 1.
Kaaravov, the chestnut tree.
P. 1-3 cm., reddish brown, campanulate, often umbonate, tomentose,
then shaggy. St. 3—4 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, becoming concolorous with
the tawny fibrils, firm, base bulbous. Ring white, narrow, thin, mem-
branaceous, silky, tawny on the outside, fugacious. Gills cream colour,
often tinged reddish when old, free, ventricose. Flesh cream colour, be-
coming reddish in the stem and occasionally in the pileus. Spores white,
oblong elliptical, or projectile-shaped, often with a spine-like appendage
on the one side, 10-11 x 3-5-4-5/A, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia "hair-
shaped, rather broad and obtuse " Lange. Smell pleasant. Poisonous.
Woods, and roadsides. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
146. L. scobinella Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7.
Scobinella, fine sawdust.
P. 3-6 cm., mouse grey, disc darker, convex, then plane, umbonate,
pellicle breaking up into minute, separable, bistre scales; margin whitish,
smooth, silky. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-7 mm., white, stuffed, equal, slightly
attenuated at the apex and base, covered with white squamules that
become tinged with bistre below the ring, striate above. Ring whitish,
becoming tinged with bistre at the edge, membranaceous, superior, often
fugacious. Gills white, becoming yellowish, 3-4 mm. wide, ventricose,
free, crowded. Flesh white, often tinged with fulvous at the base of
the stem, thick at the disc, very thin at the margin of the pileus,
floccose. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4 /a, contents granular.
Cystidia hyaline, clavato-cylindrical, 28-30 x 6/4, sparse. Woods and
pastures. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
147. L. citrophylla B. & Br. Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. ix (1893), t. n,
fig. 1. /clrpov, lemon ; <f>v\\ov, gill.
P. 1-5-2 cm., lemon yellow, covered with rufous scales, convex, then
expanded, obtuse, or broadly umbonate, at length depressed. St.
2-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., lemon yellow, equal, squamulose. Ring fugacious.
Gills lemon yellow, free, rounded behind, or attenuated, minutely
serrate. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4ju,. On
the ground. Oct. Rare.
**P. not, or rarely squamulose, often granular, mealy or pruinose.
(a) Ring superior, fixed, subpersistent ; universal veil adnate to the p.
Collar wanting, or similar in texture to the flesh of the p.
L. Vittadinii (Moretti) Fr. = L. Amanita Vittadinii (Moretti) Vitt.
148. L. naucina Fr. (= Lepiota pudica (Bull.) Quel; Psaliota cre-
tacea Fr.) Rolland, Champ, t. 12, no. 17. Nucinus, nutty.
P. 5-10 cm., white, often pinkish or yellowish, the thin cuticle
breaking up into evanescent granules, fleshy, soft, globose, then ex-
LEPIOTA 73
panded, gibbous, or obtusely umbonate. St. 4-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white,
fibrillose, attenuated upwards from the swollen base. Ring white,
membranaceous, superior, thick, fimbriate at the margin, often finally
fugacious. Gills white, free, separated by a collar, ventricose, soft,
crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores white, broadly ovoid, 8-
9 x 5-5/i, with a large central gutta. " Cystidia club-shaped, 55 x 10-
11/x," Lange. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Pastures and gar-
dens. July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. leucothites (Vitt.) Fr. Vitt. Fung. Mang. t. 40. Xeu/eo?, white.
Differs from the type in the p. breaking up into squamules especially
near the margin, and in the gills becoming pink with age. Spores white,
elliptical, 7-8 x 5/z, or 9 x 1p. Edible. Pastures and heaths. Sept.
— Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
149. L. holosericea Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 34, t. 41.
0X09, wholly; (rrjpiKos, silky.
P. 5-10 cm., white, or yellowish, fleshy, soft, convex, then expanded,
obtuse, fibrillosely silky. St. 6-10 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, soft, fragile,
base bulbous, silky-fibrillose. Ring whitish, membranaceous, superior,
large, soft, pendulous. Gills white, becoming cream colour, free, ventri-
cose, broad, crowded. Flesh white, soft. Spores white, elliptical,
8-9 x 4-5/z. Edible. Bare ground in arable fields, hopyards, and
gardens. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
150. L. erminea Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 32, t. 40. Erminea, white.
Entirely white with the exception of the ochraceous disc of the p.
P. 3—6 cm., campanulate, then flattened, slightly gibbous at the
prominent disc, becoming fibrillosely silky towards the margin. St.
5—7-5 cm. x 3—6 mm., equal, very fragile, silky. Ring membranaceous,
distant, narrow, at length torn and fugacious. Gills sinuate, then free,
somewhat crowded. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 9-11 x 3— 4jti.
"Cystidia on edge of gill vesiculose-pyriform, 36-40 x 12-16ju," Rick.
Smell and taste of radish. Roadsides, and hilly pastures. Sept. — Nov.
Uncommon, (v.V.)
151. L. constricta (Fr.) Quel. (= Armillaria constricta Fr.) Fr. Icon,
t. 18. Constricta, compressed.
Entirely white, becoming ochraceous when bruised. P. 3-5 cm.,
fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, pruinose, then silky; margin at
first involute, and villous. St. 4-5 cm. x 6-9 mm., equal, or thickened
at the base, slightly rooting, fibrillose, or squamulose. Ring superior, .
narrow, adhering obliquely, at length fugacious. Gills emarginate,
then free, very crowded, unequal. Flesh compact. Spores white,
elliptical, granular, 7-8 x 4-5/x. Smell of new meal. Pastures,
74 LEPIOTA
especially where the grass is scorched by urine, and amongst short
grass under conifers. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
152. L. cepaestipes (Sow.) Fr. (= Leucocoprinus cepaestipes (Sow.)
Pat.) Gillet, Champ. Fr. t. 414. Cepa, onion; stipes, stem.
Caespitose. P. 2-5—6 cm., white, or yellowish, covered with floccose,
fugacious, yellowish scales, disc deeper coloured, umbonate, membra-
naceous, obtusely conical, then campanulate ; margin striate. St. 7-5—
10 cm. x 5-8 mm., white, attenuated upwards from the bulbous base,
covered with fugacious, delicate flocci. Ring white, narrow, membra-
naceous, separating-free, fugacious. Gills white, then flesh colour, free,
at length remote, attenuated at both ends, 4 mm. broad, very
crowded. Flesh white, then pinkish, thin. Spores white, elliptical,
6-7 x 4-5/i, 1-guttulate, wfth an apical germ-pore. Taste bitter. On
tan in hot-houses, greenhouses, and in frames. March — Oct. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
var. cretacea (Bull.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 333.
Cretacea, chalk-like.
Differs from the type in its chalk white colour and darker scales.
Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 /A, 1-guttulate. Greenhouses, and
on spent tan. May — Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
153. L. lutea (Bolt.) Quel. (= Agaricusflos sulfuris Schnitz.) Boud.
Icon. t. 19. Lutea, yellow.
Entirely sulphur colour. P. 1—4 cm., campanulate, thin, deeply
striate, covered with concolorous flocci. St. 5-12 cm. x 3-4 mm.,
covered with concolorous flocci, apex smooth, base bulbous. Ring
membranaceous. Gills free, remote, narrow. Flesh concolorous.
Spores white, oval, 8-10 x 5-7 /x, with a large central gutta. On
coconut fibre in greenhouses. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
154. L. medioflava Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. x (1894), 1. 1, fig. 1.
Medius, middle ; flava, yellow.
P. 2-3 cm., white, soon expanded, and depressed, umbo prominent,
becoming light yellow, deeply striate, minutely tomentose. St. 4—
7 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, minutely mealy above the ring, tomentose,
often becoming light yellow at the bulbous base. Ring white, median,
reflexed. Gills white, free, crowded, rounded behind. Flesh white,
Spores white, ovate, obtuse, 5-6 x 3/n, 1-guttulate. On decaying
coconut fibre, and soil in greenhouses. June — Oct. Uncommon.
155. L. pseudo-licmophora Rea. (= Lepiotalicmophoraauct. non B. &
Br. and Petch.)
i/reuSffc, false; \LKfios, a winnowing fan; <f>epo), I bear.
P. 2-5-5 cm., lemon-yellow, sometimes wholly sulphur-white, mem-
branaceous, plane, depressed, deeply sulcote up to the central disc,
LEPIOTA 75
glabrous; margin crenate. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., lemon-yellow,
attenuated upwards, base tomentose. Eing median. Grills lemon-
yellow, remote, narrow, 2 mm. broad, slightly arched, distant, inter-
stices veined. Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 5 /A. In greenhouses.
Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
156. L. serena Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 57, t. 47, as Armillaria subcava
Schum. fide Boudier. Serena, clear.
P. 2-4 cm., white, becoming yellowish with age, fragile, campanulate,
thin, expanded, becoming silky, margin slightly striate. St. 4-7 cm.
x 4-5 mm., white, becoming greyish, equal, base subbulbous. Ring
white, membranaceous, median, thin, narrow, erect, fugacious. Gills
white, free, ventricose. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 4/x, multi-
guttulate. Amongst grass, and larch needles. Sept. — Nov. Un-
common, (v.v.)
(b) Universal veil sheathing the st., at first extending continuously
from the st. to the p., at length ruptured and forming an inferior
ring. P. granular or warted, consisting chiefly of globose cells.
L. pyrenaea Quel. = Pholiota aurea (Mattusch) Fr. fide R. Maire.
157. L. granulosa (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 39, t. 18, upper figs.
only. Granulosa, granular.
P. 3-5 cm., ferruginous, or rusty-brown, becoming pale-hoary when
dry, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtusely umbonate, furfuraceo-
granular, often wrinkled; margin appendiculate with the veil. St.
5—9 cm. x 4—9 mm., white at the apex, covered below with fine, brownish
granules, equal. Ring concolorous, membranaceous, inferior, torn. Gills
whitish, or cream colour, slightly adnexed, or sinuato-adnate. Flesh
yellowish, becoming reddish in the lower portion of the st. Spores white,
elliptical, 7-8 x 5 /A. "Cystidia hair-shaped, acute, small, 2-3 /u,
broad" Lange. Taste pleasant. Edible. Heaths, and hilly woods.
July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. rufescens B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 40, t. 213, upper figs.
Rufescens, becoming reddish.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, and the pure white p. and st.
partially turning red with age or when bruised. Spores oval, 3—4 x 2/x,.
Amongst beech leaves. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
158. L. amianthina (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 40, t. 213, lower figs.
a/u'ai>T09, unspotted.
P. 3-5 cm., ochraceous, somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, sub-
umbonate, furfuraceo-granulose, often wrinkled. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-
6 mm., whitish at the apex, covered with ochraceous granules below the
equal. Ring concolorous, granular on the outside, inferior,
76 LEPIOTA
fugacious. Gills cream colour, adnate, crowded. Flesh yellow. Spores
white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/i. Cystidia none. Taste pleasant. Edible.
Coniferous woods, heaths, and lawns. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. Broadwoodiae B. & Br. Miss S. Broadwood.
Differs from the type in the delicately tomentose p., and infiexed
margin. Woods. Rare.
var. alba Rene Maire. Alba, white.
Differs from the type in being entirely white. Woods. Oct. Rare.
(v.v.)
159. L. cinnabarina (A. & S.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 38, t. 43.
fcivvdftapi, dragon's blood.
P. 5-8 cm., cinnabar-colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse,
granuloso-furfuraceous ; margin fimbriate. St. 4-7 x 1-2 cm., con-
colorous, covered with reddish granules below the ring, subbulbous. Ring
concolorous, thin, narrow, inferior, fugacious. Gills white, free, lanceo-
late. Flesh ochraceous, reddish under the cuticle of the p. and st. Spores
white, elliptical, obtuse, 4 x 2-5-3 p,, 1-guttulate. "Cystidia hair-
shaped, acute" Lange. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods.
Sept.— Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
var. Terreyi B. & Br. Saund. & Sm. t. 35, figs. 1-5.
Michael Terrey.
P. 2-5-5 cm., bright tawny, somewhat hemispherical, pulverulent,
roughened with minute warts. St. somewhat equal, often cylindrical,
covered below the ring with furfuraceous scales of the same colour as
the p. Ring at length torn into fragments. Gills white, remote, narrow,
not branched. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 4/i. Sandy ground. Rare.
160. L. carcharias (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 37, t. 42.
tcdpxapos, sharp-pointed.
P. 2-5 cm., flesh coloured, fleshy, convex, then plane, often umbonate,
covered with minute granules. St. 3-6 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous,
and covered with minute, pointed warts below the ring, apex white, sub-
bulbous, or equal and attenuated upwards. Ring concolorous, covered
on the outside with the same minute, pointed warts. Gills white, adnate.
Flesh whitish, or ochraceous. Spores white, elliptical, obtuse, 4-5 x 2—
3/A, 1-3-guttulate. Taste disagreeable, smell unpleasant. Coniferous
woods, and amongst short grass. May — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
161. L. rosea Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 2, fig. 1.
Rosea, rose colour.
P. 2-3-5 cm., bright rose colour, somewhat fleshy, convex, then ex-
panded, densely granular, or mealy, consisting of globose cells, 45-
50 fj. in diam. ; margin thin. St. 5-6 cm. x 3-5 mm., ivhitish, becoming
LEPIOTA 77
concolorous, equal, hollow, smooth. Ring concolorous, membranace-
ous, medial, narrow, soon fugacious. Gills whitish, then ochraceous,
free, rounded behind, crowded, 4—5 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, be-
coming reddish especially in the stem. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3ja,
1-guttulate; basidia clavate, with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Bare
soil in moist, shady woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
162. L. atrocrocea W. G. Sin. Ater, black; crocea, saffron.
P. 3-4 cm., bright salmon orange, more or less covered with purple
brown, almost black, granular fiocci, expanded, then slightly depressed.
St. bright salmon orange, attenuated upwards, covered with salmon
brown squamules. Ring fugacious. Gills salmon white, broadly adnate.
Flesh salmon orange brown, thin. Oct. Rare.
163. L. haematosperma (Bull.) Boud. (= Lepiota echinata (Roth)
Boud.) Boud. Icon. t. 12. alpa, blood; crTre/o/x-a, seed.
P. 2-3-5 cm., blackish grey, more or less olivaceous, convex, then
plane, very thin, fragile, finely granular', margin paler, appendiculate
with the veil. St. 3^6 cm. x 2-3 mm., dark, becoming vinous, equal,
or slightly bulbous, base covered with pulverulent, fugacious granules.
Ring reddish, floccose, granular on the outside, inferior, fugacious.
Gills blood red, free, ventricose, rounded behind. Flesh whitish, be-
coming reddish under the epidermis and in the stem. Spores pale
ochraceous in the mass, becoming reddish with age, elliptical, 4—5 x 3/A.
Cystidia none. Smell strong. Hedgerows, gardens, and occasionally
in woods. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
164. L. polysticta Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 41, t. 30.
TroXu?, many; o-rt/cro?, spotted.
P. 2-^5 cm., ochraceous, covered on the obtusely umbonate disc with
minute red brown scales from the breaking up of the cuticle, fleshy,
firm, tough, convex, then expanded ; margin often appendiculate with
the veil. St. 3-5 cm. x 5-9 mm., white at the apex, densely clothed with
reddish, ferruginous scales below the ring, equal, or attenuated down-
wards. Ring concolorous, very narrow, inferior, very fugacious. Gills
white, then yellowish, free, rounded before and behind, broad, ventri-
cose, crowded. Flesh, whitish, slightly reddish under the epidermis of
the st. and p. Spores white, sub-globose, 4 x 3jn, 1-4-guttulate. Open
pastures, and amongst short grass in woods. Sept. — Nov. Un-
common, (v.v.)
(c) Smaller, slender. P. dry, cuticle entire, not scaly nor granular.
165. L. parvannulata (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 16, fig. 3.
Parvus, small; annulata, ringed.
P. 1—2 cm., white, becoming yellowish when dry, thin, ovato-cam-
lulate, then plane, pruinose, then silky. St. 1-2 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
78 LEPIOTA
white, equal, fibrillose below the ring. Ring white, very small, distant,
entire. Gills cream colour, free, crowded. Flesh white, very thin.
Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/n. Cystidia none. Amongst mosses
and short grass in woods, and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
(**)
166. L. sistrata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 42, t. 85, fig. A.
Sistrum, a rattle.
P. 1-2 cm., whitish, becoming light yellowish, or flesh colour, disc often
darker, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded and obsoletely
umbonate, pruinate with shining atoms, margin often appendiculate
with the veil. St. 2*5-5 cm. x 1^4 mm., white, or flesh colour, equal,
flbrillosely silky and pruinose below the ring. Ring concolorous, fibril-
lose, fugacious. Gills white, free, reaching the stem, crowded, 4 mm.
broad, ventricose. Flesh white, often pinkish in the stem, fragile.
Spores white, elliptical, 3-4 x 1-5-2/i. On bare ground in woods, and
by roadsides. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
167. L. seminuda (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 43, t. 19, fig. a.
Semi, half; nuda, naked.
P. 1—2 cm., whitish, or flesh colour, becoming yellowish, very thin,
campanulato-expanded, umbonate, at first covered with fugacious,
floccose meal, margin appendiculate with the veil. St. 2-3 cm. x 1—
2 mm., whitish, or flesh colour, equal, mealy below the ring. Ring con-
colorous, mealy, torn, fugacious. Gills white, then cream colour, free, but
reaching the st., thin, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white, often pinkish
in the st. Spores white, elliptical, 4 x 2/x. Smell pleasant. Amongst
moss in woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
168. L. Bucknallii B. & Br. (= Lepiota lilacina Quel.) Boud. Bull.
Soc. Myc. Fr. ix (1893), t. n, as Lepiota lilacina Quel.
Cedric Bucknall.
P. 1-5-3 cm., white, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, minutely
mealy, and becoming tinged with lilac. St. 5-7 cm. x 3-5 mm., white,
gradually attenuated upwards, densely mealy, and becoming deep lilac
below the ring with age or bruising. Ring concolorous, mealy, fuga-
cious. Gills yellowish, free, not crowded. Flesh white, becoming deep
lilac in the lower two-thirds of the st. Spores white, boat-shaped,
7-8 x 3/Lt, 3-guttulate. Smell strong of gas-tar. Amongst grass. Oct.
Rare, (v.v.)
169. L. mesomorpha (Bull.) Fr. yLteo-o?, middle; fji,op<f>ij, form.
P. 1 -5-2-5 cm., whitish, or yellowish flesh colour, umbo deeper coloured,
slightly fleshy, very thin, campanulate, then expanded, at first pu-
bescent, then becoming smooth, or minutely granular. St. 5-7-5 cm.
LEPIOTA 79
x 2 mm., concolorous, slightly attenuated upwards, silky. Ring mem-
branaceous, floccose, superior, entire, spreading, fugacious. Gills
whitish, or cream colour, free, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white, thin.
Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4/u, guttulate. Woods. Sept. — Nov.
Uncommon.
170. L. ianthina Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1112, t. 944, fig. A.
Idv6ivo<f, coloured violet.
P. 2 cm., whitish, covered with violet, radiating, hair-like squamules,
umbonate disc dark violet, fibrillose, thin, campanula te, then expanded.
St. 2-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., whitish, subequal, somewhat flexuose. Ring
distant, narrow, fugacious. Gills whitish, free, 2 mm. broad, lanceo-
late, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thin. Stoves. March. Rare.
171. L. martialis Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1112, t. 944, fig. B.
Martialis, belonging to Mars.
P. 2-3 cm., clear deep pink, disc darker, becoming yellowish with age,
thin, campanulate, then plane, minutely silky, margin striate. St.
2-5-4 cm. x 3 mm., pale ochraceous at the apex, pinkish red below the
ring, slightly attenuated upwards. Ring white, broad, pendulous,
rather distant, persistent. Gills whitish, free, 2 mm. broad, somewhat
lanceolate, rather crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical,
8 x 4jti. On the trunk of a tree fern. March. Rare.
172. L. submarasmioides Speg.
Sub, somewhat; Marasmius e'So?, like a Marasmius.
P. 2-5 cm., pale buff, umbo taivny, convex, then expanded, floccosely
wrinkled towards the margin. St. 5 cm. x 3 mm., white, equal, slightly
striate. Ring whitish, superior, fugacious. Gills ochraceous, free,
3 mm. wide, rounded at both ends, crowded. Flesh white, reddish
under the epidermis of the p. and in the st., tough. Spores pale ochrace-
ous, deltoid, or pyramidal, 5-6 x 3/x,. On bare ground, Malvern Hills.
Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
B. EPIDERMIS VISCID.
173. L. medullata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 16. Medullata, pithy.
P. 4-7 cm., white, often greyish at the disc, slightly fleshy, convexo-
plane, umbonate, viscid; margin appendiculate with the veil. St.
7-5 cm. x 6 mm., white, dry, equal, silky and squamulqse below the
ring, apex striate, stuffed with a distinct separable pith. Ring white,
incomplete, torn. Gills white, free, broader in front, ventricose, crowded.
Flesh white, soft, watery. Smell strong of radish. Coniferous woods.
Aug.— Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
80 LEPIOTA
174. L. arida (Fr.) Gillet. (= Amanita arida Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 12,
as Amanita arida Fr. Arida, dry.
P. 5-7 cm., greyish, thin, convex, then plane, obtuse, silky; margin
whitish, sulcato-striate. St. 6-9 x 1 cm., white, glabrous, floccose at
the incrassated base. Ring concolorous, distant. Gills white, then flesh
colour, attenuato-adnate. Flesh white, soft. Spores white, elliptical,
9-10 x 7-7-5/Lt. Birch and fir woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
175. L. lenticularis (Lasch) Cke. (= Amanita lenticularis (Lasch)
Fr., Lepiota guttata (Pers.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 13, as Amanita
lenticularis Lasch. Lenticula, a lentil.
P. 4-10 cm., pinkish tan colour, fleshy, globose, then campanulato-
convex; margin paler, slightly glutinous. St. 8-10 x 1-2 cm., white,
or cream colour, apex marked with dark green, watery drops in very wet
weather, which on drying become dingy, equal, or subbulbous, floccose,
or smooth below the ring. Ring concolorous, often spotted like the apex
of the stem, large, superior. Gills whitish, sometimes inclining to oliva-
ceous, free, approximate, ventricose, broader in front, very crowded,
sometimes forked. Flesh white, reddish at the base of the st. Spores
white, pip-shaped, or elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 /z. Smell mouldy. Edible.
Deciduous woods, and heaths. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. megalodactylus (B. & Br.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 15, t. 11, as
Amanita megalodactylus B. /meyas, large; 8a/rrv\o9, ringer.
Differs from the type in being thinner, and paler in colour. Woods.
Oct. — Nov. Uncommon.
176. L. irrorata Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 8.
Irrorata, bedewed.
P. 2-5-5 cm., yellowish, then straw colour, firm, convex, covered like
the stem with dew-like transparent drops. St. 3-4 cm. x 7-10 mm.,
white, satiny above the ring, silky and variegated with small yellow, or
brownish squamules below, equal. Ring concolorous, membranaceous,
narrow. Gills white, then cream colour, free, emarginate, 4 mm. wide,
ventricose. Flesh white. Spores white, ovoid, 4-5 x 4/z, punctate.
Pastures, and clearings in woods. June — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
177. L. illinita Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 16. lUinitus, besmeared.
P. 4-9 cm., white, or yellowish, fleshy, globose, then convex, umbo-
nate, umbo often becoming fuscous, viscid; margin slightly striate,
sometimes fimbriate. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., white, very viscid, equal, or
subbulbous, fragile. Ring white, membranaceous, thin. Gills white,
free, at length remote, crowded, soft, somewhat connected by veins.
Flesh white, floccose, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or sub-
globose, 6 x 4-5/i, 1-2-guttulate. Smell pleasant. Plantations.
Aug. — Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
LEPIOTA. HIATTJLA. ANNULARIA 81
178. L. glioderma Fr. (= Armillaria glioderma (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon,
t. 15. <y\oiov, viscid; Sep/j,a, skin.
P. 4 cm., brownish red, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then convex,
broadly gibbous, or obtuse, glutinous. St. 7'5 cm. x 4—6 mm., whitish,
or rufescent, equal, fragile, dry, floccosely scaly up to the ring. Ring
white above, rufescent squamulose on the outside, fibrillose, silky, torn.
Grills white, or cream colour, free, approximate, ventricose, broad,
crowded. Flesh white, then pinkish, soft, thin. Spores white, sub-
globose, 5)it. Fir woods. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
L. delicata Fr. = Armillaria delicata (Fr.) Boud.
179. L. Georginae W. G. Sm. Cke. lUus. no. 47, t. 132.
Miss Georgina E. Johnstone.
Entirely white, turning crimson everywhere when touched, and finally
becoming brown when dry. P. 1—3 cm., slightly fleshy, fragile, cam-
panulate, then expanded, covered with a minute, dense, viscid pruinosity ;
margin at length striate. St. 2-5—5 cm. x 3—4 mm., slightly attenu-
ated upwards, viscido-pruinose. Ring fugacious. Gills free, very thin,
moderately distant, somewhat ventricose, 3 mm. broad. Spores
pinkish in the mass, pip-shaped, 6-8 x 4/x, 1- rarely 2-guttulate. Pine
woods and amongst mosses in a cool fernery. May — Nov. Rare.
(v.v.)
HiatulaFr.
(Hio, I gape.)
Pileus slightly fleshy at the disc, campanulate. Stem central. Ring
very fugacious, not manifest in the adult stage. Gills free, or adnate.
Spores white, subglobose, smooth, with a germ-pore. Growing on wood.
180. H. Wynniae B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 676, t. 688.
Mrs Lloyd Wynne.
Entirely shining white. P. 3-4 cm., very thin, campanulate, then
plane, with a trace of an umbo, striate, pulverulent, disc darker. St.
2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., equal, striate. Gills free, or very slightly adnexed
at first, subdistant, 2 mm. broad, scarious. Spores white, subglobose,
5 x 4/i, with a germ-pore. On wood in stoves. Phosphorescent. A
native of Queensland.
Spores pink.
Annularia Schulz.
(Annularia, pertaining to a signet-ring.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring large, free, or adnate.
Gills free. Spores pink, globose, or oval, smooth, continuous. Cystidia
ventricose. Growing on the ground, or on wood.
82 ANNULABIA. PSALIOTA
181. A. laevis (Krombh.) Schulz. (= Lepiota pudica (Bull.) Quel.)
Krombh. Icon. t. 26, figs. 16 and 17, as Agaricus laevis Krombh,
Laevis, smooth.
P. 5-12 cm., white, disc brownish, or yellowish, convex, expanded,
obtuse, or subumbonate, sometimes minutely squamulose; margin
often cracked, appendiculate with the remains of the ring. St.
4-12 x -5-1 cm., white, slightly attenuated upwards, base bulbous,
silky. Ring white, large, free, subdistant. Gills white, then flesh colour,
free, narrowed behind, somewhat crowded, thin. Flesh white, firm.
Spores pink, "subglobose, 7-8 /i" Massee. Bushy places amongst
grass. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
182. A. transilvanica Schulz.
Transilvanica, belonging to Transylvania.
P. whitish, disc darker, campanulate, striate to the vertex; margin
lobed. St. paler than the p., flocculose, hollow. Ring membranaceous,
complete. Gills crowded, unequal.
Spores purple, or fuscous.
Psaliota Fr.
(fyakiov, a ring.)
Pileus more or less fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring mem-
branaceous, adnate, persistent, rarely fugacious. Gills free. Spores
fuscous purple, reddish purple, blackish purple, or fuscous, elliptical,
oval, globose, or obovate, with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia present,
or absent. Growing on the ground.
*Large, fleshy.
183. P. augusta Fr. (= Psaliota Elvensis B. & Br. sec. Quel.) Bres.
Fung. Trid. t. 60, as Psalliota villatica Brond.
Augusta, majestic.
P. 10-30 cm., whitish, fuscous citron, or dark straw colour, fleshy,
globose-hemispherical, then expanded, very obtuse, silky, soon break-
ing up into adpressed squamules; margin exceeding the gills, tomen-
tosely toothed. St. 6-20 x 1-5-5 cm., white, becoming yellowish when
bruised, then brownish, very firm, attenuated upwards from the base
which is sunk in the earth, smooth, flocculose just under the ring.
Ring white and smooth above, yellowish and areolately floccose on the
under side, very wide, adnate to the st. for 2-3 cm., then free and
pendulous. Gills pallid, then fuscous, free, separated from the st. by a
broad collar, narrow at first, becoming wider, simple, thin, crowded.
Flesh whitish, becoming yellowish or brownish in the st. when broken,
soft, floccose like that of Lepiota procera. Spores brownish purple,
PSALIOTA 83
elliptical, 7-13 x 5-6/i. Smell pleasant like anise, sometimes dis-
agreeable. Taste pleasant, often like almonds. Edible. Woods, and
pastures, often near ant hills. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
184. P. peronata Massee non Roz. et Rich. (= Psaliota augusta Fr.
sec. Rene Maire.) Peronata, booted.
P. 10-12-5 cm., pale dull ochraceous, densely covered with small,
brown, silky scales, that become larger towards the margin, fleshy,
hemispherical, then expanded. St. 12-5-15 x 1-5 cm., white, equal,
marginately bulbous at the base, covered with large, white, upward point-
ing, squarrose scales below the ring, smooth above the ring. Ring
yellowish, large, spreading. Gills pink, then pale purple brown, very
distant from the st., 6-7 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, becoming
brownish in the st. when cut. Spores purple-brown, obliquely ellip-
tical, 6 x 4/1,. Taste pleasant. Edible. Pine woods. Oct. Rare.
185. P. Elvensis B. & Br. Boud. Icon. t. 134.
Elvensis, belonging to the river Elwy.
P. 8-15 cm., purplish brown, fleshy, subglobose, then hemispherical,
at length often flattened and slightly depressed at the areolate disc,
fibrillose, breaking up into large, persistent, floccose, pointed, somewhat
revolute darker scales; margin very obtuse, thick, covered with pyra-
midal warts. St. 7-15 x 2-5-5 cm., concolorous and fibrillose below the
ring, apex paler, equal, becoming swollen in the centre, and attenu-
ated at the base. Ring concolorous, membranaceous, thick, deflexed,
broken here and there, more or less floccose at the margin and on the
underside which is often areolate. Gills brownish flesh colour, then
brownish purple, free, 6-8 mm. broad. Flesh turning red when cut,
then becoming brownish, thick, firm. Spores brownish purple, globose,
or subglobose, 6 x 4-5 p, with a large central gutta. Smell and taste
pleasant. Edible. Often caespitose. Under oaks, beeches, firs, and
on roadsides. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
186. P. Bernard!! Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. ra, t. 14.
G. Bernard.
P. 10-20 cm., white, then becoming ferruginous at the apex of the
warts, fleshy, convex, then expanded, firm, the tomentose surface
soon breaking up into thick, angular warts. St. 6-7 x 4-5 cm., white,
becoming reddish brown with age, attenuated upwards from the bulbous
base, apex striate. Ring white, membranaceous, soon disappearing,
striate on the upper surface. Gills greyish flesh colour, then blackish
purple, free, attenuated at both ends, 8-12 mm. broad. Flesh white,
then tinged with purple, and finally stained with reddish brown, firm.
Spores blackish purple, ovoid elliptical, 9-11 x 6-7 fj,, 1-guttulate,
with an apical germ-pore. Smell unpleasant. Taste disagreeable.
near the sea. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
K^astures
84 PSALIOTA
187. P. arvensis (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 71, no. 159.
Arvensis, belonging to cultivated fields.
P. 7-20 cm., whitish, becoming stained with yellow, fleshy, globoso-
campanulate, then flattened, obtuse, flocculoso-mealy when young, then
slightly silky even or squamulose, dry. St. 7-12 x 2-5-3 cm., white,
often stained with yellow, thickened at the base, obsoletely marginato-
bulbous when young, villose. Ring white, superior, large, pendulous,
formed as it were of two growing together, the interior one membrana-
ceous, uniform, the exterior one thicker and shorter, somewhat free at the
circumference, often appendiculate at the margin of the p., radiately
split. Gills white, at length reddish fuscous, free, approximate, ventri-
cose, broader in front, always arid. Flesh white, or tinged with yellow,
compact, firm, juicy, at length softer. Spores brownish purple,
elliptical, 8—10 x 5— 6 /A. Smell pleasant, often like new meal. Taste
mild. Edible. Often forming large rings. Pastures, and woods.
May — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. purpurascens Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 541, t. 584.
Purpurascens, becoming purple.
Differs from the type in its smaller size and in the p. becoming tinged
with purple. Spores reddish brown, broadly elliptical, 4-5 x Sp, 1-
guttulate. Woods, pastures and under trees. July — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
var. albosquamosa W. G. Sm. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 8.
Albus, white; squamosa, scaly.
Differs from the type in the snow-white patches on the fawn-
coloured p. — the remains of the universal veil. Artificially made
mushroom beds. Not uncommon.
var. vaporaria (Otto) W. G. Sm. (= Psaliota campestris (Linn.) Fr.
var. vaporaria (Otto) Fr.) Vaporaria, of hothouses.
Differs from the type in the smooth, pilose brown p., and the white St.,
reddish at the apex, and brownish, or reddish at the base. A cultivated
form in mushroom beds. Common, (v.v.)
var. hortensis (Cke.) W. G. Sm. (= Psaliota campestris (Linn.) Fr.
var. hortensis Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 545, t. 527, as Psaliota cam-
pestris Linn. var. hortensis. Hortensis, of gardens.
Differs from the type in the fibrillose, or squamulose brownish p.
Artificially made mushroom beds. Common, (v.v.)
var. Buchananii (Berk.) W. G. Sm. (= Psaliota campestris (Linn.) Fr.
var. Buchanani Berk.) Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 10.
Buchanan, a gardener.
Differs from the type in the white, opaque, nearly smooth, depressed
p. Artificially made mushroom beds.
PSALIOTA 85
var. cryptarum (Letell.) W. G. Sm. (= Psaliota campestris (Linn.) Fr.
var. cryptarum (Letell.) Fr.) Kpinrrrj, a cave.
Differs from the type in the greyish white, or brownish white p. A
cultivated form in caves.
var. intermedia W. G. Sm. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 5.
Intermedia, intermediate.
Differs from the type in the pale, livid brassy-yellow p., with small
rusty-yellowish spots at the middle, in the very short, obese, dull whitish,
stained pale rusty st., and in the white flesh, becoming pale vinous-brown.
Amongst rank grass in fields, often near trees.
var. epileata W. G. Sm. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 16.
E, without; pileatus, having a cap.
Differs from the type in the almost or quite obsolete p. and in the
white, ringless st. inflated below. It is really an aborted form and un-
worthy of a varietal name. Artificially prepared mushroom beds.
Common, (v.v.)
var. obesa W. G. Sm. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 15.
Obesa, stout.
Differs from the type in the ventricose st. equalling, or exceeding the
width of the p., in the very narrow gills, and in the white flesh sometimes
changing to deep mahogany brown. This is a monstrous form and un-
worthy of a varietal name. Artificially prepared mushroom beds.
Often common, (v.v.)
188. P. xanthoderma Genev. (= Pratella cretacea Quel. sec. Maire.)
Roze et Eichon, t. 17, figs. 5-8. gavQos, yellow; Sep/ia, skin.
P. 8-12 cm., white, then somewhat tawny, becoming stained with
yellow, especially when touched or rubbed, fleshy, campanulate, then
convex, at length expanded, silky. St. 8-12 x 2-3 cm., white, be-
coming yellow where touched or bruised, attenuated at the apex, more
or less bulbous at the base, silky. Ring white, often stained with yellow
at the margin. Gills white, then pink, cinereous, violet, or brownish,
free, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellow especially at the base of
the st., and under the cuticle of the p. and st. Spores brownish purple,
pip-shaped, 6 x 4/x. Smell and taste unpleasant, almost foetid. Poison-
ous for some persons. Woods, pastures, and hedgerows. July — Nov.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. lepiotoides Rene Maire. Cke. Ulus. no. 542, t. 524, as Psaliota
cretacea Fr. Lepiota, the genus Lepiota; e'So?, like.
Differs from the type in the p. greyish white at first, then/wvered with
greyish brown squamules, larger and denser at the disc, separated by
86 PSALIOTA
whitish cracks, and finally becoming tinged with reddish purple. Pas-
tures, and stoves. Feb. — Oct. Rare.
189. P. flavescens Gillet. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. ra, t. 16.
Flavescens, becoming yellow.
P. 5—12 cm., white, at once turning saffron colour, then finally light
brown when touched or bruised, campanulate, then expanded, smooth,
dry, shining with a satin-like sheen, pellicle easily separable. St.
10-14 x 1-5-2 cm., white, with a satiny sheen, tinged reddish yellow
at the base on one side, cylindrical. Ring dirty white, yellow on the
outside, and more deeply coloured at the margin, membranaceous, soon
disappearing. Gills pale pink, then darker, and finally brownish, free,
crowded. Flesh white, turning instantly bright saffron yellow when
fresh, and reddish yellow when drier, especially near the cuticle of the
p. and at the base of the st. Spores reddish brown, oval, 5—6 x 4-5 fi,
1-guttulate, with an apical germ-pore. Smell none. Taste not dis-
agreeable. Poisonous for some persons. Solitary, or in rings. Pas-
tures, and fir woods. July — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
P. cretacea Fr. = Lepiota naucina Fr.
190. P. perrara Schulz. (=Psaliota augusta Fr. sec. Maire.) Bres.
Fung. Trid. t. 89. Perrara, very uncommon.
P. 6-14 cm., yellow, covered with dense, imbricate, Lepiotsb-like, ful-
vous scales, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded. St. 9-11 x 1-5-
3 cm., whitish, covered below the ring with evanescent, fulvous scales,
incrassated at the base. Ring white, becoming discoloured, squamosely
floccose on the under side, large, superior, reflexed. Gills white, then
rosy, and at length fuscous, free, often very remote, equally attenuated
at both ends, 5 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellowish
in the st. when broken, soft. Spores purplish fuscous, obovate, 7—
9 x 4-5/u,, 1-guttulate. Oak woods, and under oaks. Aug. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
191. P. pratensis (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 543, t. 525.
Pratensis, growing in meadows.
P. 5—9 cm., whitish, becoming cinereous, fleshy, ovoid, then expanded,
obtuse, silky, villous under a lens, becoming rimosely squamulose, dry.
St. 5-8 x 1 cm., white, equal, slightly incrassated at the base, firm,
smooth. Ring white, membranaceous, median, deciduous. Gills cine-
reous, then fuscous, free, approximate, rounded behind, acutely attenu-
ated in front. Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores brown, elliptical, or
pip-shaped, 5-6 x 3/x, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant.
Edible. Woods, pastures, and hedgerows. July — Oct. Uncommon.
PSALIOTA 87
192. P. campestris (Linn.) Fr. Campestris, belonging to a plain.
P. 5-12 cm., white, or rufescent, fleshy, lens-shaped-convex, then
flattened, obtuse, dry, silky-even, or squamulose. St. 4-8 x 2-4 cm.,
white, firm, bulbous when young, then somewhat equal, even, or
squamulose. Ring white, membranaceous, rarely in the form of a
cortina, median, or more strictly sheathed to the middle, spreading, or
reflexed, torn, often fugacious. Gills whitish, then soonflesh coloured, and
at length umber-fuscous, free, approximate, ventricose, equally attenuated
at both ends, crowded, often deliquescent. Flesh white, becoming
reddish, or sometimes fuscous, thick, soft. Spores brownish purple,
broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 5-5'5/A. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible.
Pastures, and heaths, rarely in woods. May — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. alba Viv. Berk. Outl. t. 10, fig. 2. Alba, white.
Differs from the type in the white, silky pileus and short st. Hardly
worthy of a varietal name. Generally found along with the type.
(v.v.)
var. praticola (Vitt.) Fr. Vitt. t. 7. Praticola, living in meadows.
Differs from the type in the rufous-scaly p., and in the flesh becoming
immediately rufescent.
var. subvolvacea W. G. Sm. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 13.
Sub, somewhat; volvacea, having a volva.
Differs from the type in the pale brown p. breaking up into dark
umber scales, and in the long pale brownish st. furnished with a thin
brown volva at the base. Fields, and artificially made mushroom
beds.
var. rufescens Berk. Berk. Outl. t. 10, fig. 3.
Rufescens, becoming reddish.
Differs from the type in the rufous, minutely squamulose p., the
elongated st., and in the bright rose, sometimes crimson flesh when cut.
var. umbrina (Vitt.) Fr. Vitt. t. 8. Umbrina, umber.
Differs from the type in the umber p. becoming even, and in the
stout, squamulose st.
var. fulvaster Viv. Viv. t. 45, upper fig. Fulvaster, yellowish.
Differs from the type in the ochraceous tawny p., and in the rose
coloured gills becoming blackish.
var. costata (Viv.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 546, t. 528, fig. A.
Costata, ribbed.
Differs from the type in the sulcate, repand p. Woods. Rare.
88 PSALIOTA
var. elongate Berk. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 3.
Elongata, elongated.
Differs from the type in the even, shining white p., in the margin
permanently appendiculate with the veil, and in the long, bulbous st.
Scarcely worthy of a varietal name. Pastures under trees. Un-
common, (v.v.)
var. exannulata Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 546, t. 528, fig. B.
Exannulata, without a ring.
Differs from the type in the evanescent, or obsolete ring. Scarcely
worthy of a varietal name. Pastures. Occasionally, (v.v.)
193. P. sylvicola (Vitt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 547, t. 529, as Psaliota
campestris Linn. var. sylvicola Vitt.
Sylvicola, inhabiting woods.
P. 7-11 cm., white, or yellowish, fleshy, globose, then convexo-
expanded, silky, becoming even, shining; margin often appendiculate
with the partial veil. St. 10-15 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, slightly
attenuated upwards from the subbulbous base, smooth. Ring con-
colorous, membranaceous, large, reflexed. Gills whitish, then slowly
becoming fuscous, free, acute behind. Flesh whitish, at length becoming
brownish, thin at the margin. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible.
Woods and shrubberies. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
194. P. exserta (Viv.) Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. m, t. 15.
Exserta, thrust out.
P. 6-18 cm., white, becoming yellowish ochraceous and broken up
into minute adpressed scales, fleshy, campanulate, then convexo-ex-
panded. St. 10-15 x 3-6 cm., white, either slightly attenuated up-
wards from the base, or ventricose at the middle, bleeding when cut
or wounded, almost smooth. Ring white, covered on the underside with
yellowish, fugacious warts, membranaceous, large, thick, double, made
up of two layers that split apart. Gills whitish, then pinkish, and
finally fuscous, free, 5-10 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh
white, immediately turning bright red when bruised, cut, or wounded,
and exuding a bright red juice which finally stains the part affected deep
brown. Spores deep ochre when deposited in the mass, subglobose,
5-6 x 4-5 p, 1-guttulate, with an apical germ-pore. Smell and taste
pleasant. Edible. Solitary, or in rings. Pastures. May — Nov. Un-
common, (v.v.)
195. P. vfflatica (Brond.) Magn. Cke. Illus. no. 538, t. 521, as Psaliota
augusta Fr. Villa, a country house.
P. 10-40 cm., pale brown, sometimes with a yellowish tinge, fleshy,
globose, then expanded, very obtuse, disc even, minutely fibrillose,
PSALIOTA 89
adpressedly silky, squamose towards the paler margin, the scales appear-
ing as if they had been pressed down with a hot iron. St. 10-20 x 3-
5 cm., white, becoming tinged with brown especially at the base, slightly
attenuated upwards from the incrassated base, becoming smooth.
King white above, yellowish and fioccosely scaly on the under side,
membranaceous, soft, median, thick, reflexed. Gills pallid, then fus-
cous cinereous, free, attenuated behind, 10-15 mm. broad, crowded.
Flesh white, becoming reddish brown when cut, especially under the
cuticle of the pileus and at the base of the st., compact, thick at the disc,
thin at the margin. Spores rich brown, elliptical, 7-9 x 5-6/x,, with
an apical germ-pore. Smell unpleasant. Taste mild. Edible. Pastures
and gardens. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
196. P. sylvatica (Schaeff.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 90.
Sylvatica, of woods.
P. 7-5-11 cm., subferruginous, scales rufescent, or becoming fuscous,
fleshy, oval, then campanulate and flattened, often somewhat umbo-
nate, the whole surf ace floccose, torn into squamules, disc often remaining
continuous, and at length denuded of scales; margin often rimosely
incised. St. 6-9 x 1-1-5 cm., dingy white, at first stuffed with a
cylindrical, separate, white pith, equal, or bulbous at the base, the
bulb sometimes marginate, fibrillose below the ring, smooth above.
Ring ivhite, distant, floccose on the underside, sometimes wide, thin
and membranaceous, sometimes narrow, incomplete, fugacious. Gills
white, then reddish, at length cinnamon fuscous, or umber fuscous, free,
ventricose, equally attenuated at both ends, thin, arid, crowded. Flesh
white, generally rufescent, often yellowish at the apex of the st., thin,
fragile. Spores tawny flesh colour, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-5-4/x. Smell
pleasant, or strong. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and under cedars.
July — Sept. Not uncommon.
197. P. haemorrhoidaria Kalchbr. (= Pratella sylvatica Schaeff. sec.
Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 18, fig. 1. aifAoppoiSes, hemorrhoids.
P. 5-12-5 cm., rufous fuscous, or brownish, fleshy, ovate, then ex-
panded, covered with broad, adpressed, darker scales; margin at first
incurved. St. 8-12 x 2-3 cm., white, becoming blood red when bruised,
equal, often more or less bulbous at the base, silky, fibrillose. Ring
white, becoming discoloured, large, persistent, superior, membranaceous.
Gills rosy Jlesh colour, then purple umber, free, approximate, 6-12 mm.
broad, crowded. Flesh white, immediately turning blood red when
broken, thick. Spores purple-brown, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/u,. Smell
and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, especially coniferous woods,
pastures, and under conifers. Aug. — Jan. Common, (v.v.)
90 PSALIOTA
198. P. setigera Fr.1 (= Pratella sylvatica SchaefE. sec. Quel.) Paul,
t. 132, figs. 3-4. Setigera, having coarse hairs.
P. pale umber, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, silky.
St. covered with pale umber, pilose squamules, equal. Ring thin,
fugacious. Gills fuscous umber, free. Woods.
199. P. rubella (Gillet) Rea (= Pratella sylvatica SchaefE. sec. Quel.)
Gill. Hym. Fr. t. 102, as Pratella rubella Gillet.
Rubella, reddish.
P. 4-8 cm., entirely covered with red fibrils, or scales, disc red brown,
paler towards the margin, convex, or obtusely umbonate. St. 5 cm.,
white, or whitish, becoming stained with blood red like the p., slightly
subbulbous at the base, cartilaginous, fibrillose. Ring fugacious. Gills
rosy flesh colour, then brownish purple, free, slightly ventricose,
crowded. Flesh white, becoming blood red, firm. Spores "4-75— 6 x 3- 4,
generally 5 x 3-5 " Sacc. Under conifers. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
**Smaller, p. thinly fleshy.
200. P. comtula Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 130, fig. 1. Comtula, adorned.
P. 3—5 cm., yellowish white, disc often tawny, fleshy, convex, then
plane, obtuse, adpressedly fibrillosely silky. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-6 mm.,
white, becoming somewhat light yellow, somewhat attenuated at the base,
apex striate, satiny. Ring concolorous, membranaceous, median, torn,
fugacious, very thin. Gills flesh colour, then rose, and finally fuscous
flesh colour, free, rounded behind, broader in front, crowded. Flesh
white, or slightly yellowish, thin, soft. Spores purple fuscous, elliptical,
5 x 3/Lc, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste strong of anise. Edible. Woods,
heaths and pastures. May — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
201. P. amethystina Quel. Roz. & Rich. t. 18, figs. 1-5.
Amethystina, amethyst colour.
P. 3-5 cm., white, becoming either rose, lilac, or amethyst coloured
from the centre outwards, fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate,
villose, or fibrillose. St. 3-6 cm. x 5-10 mm., white, subbulbous at
the base, fragile, glabrous. Ring white, thin, satiny. Gills light grey,
then bay brown, free, ventricose, 6-7 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh
white, thin. Spores brownish purple, roundish oblong, 5-7 x 4/z,
1-2-guttulate. Smell like that of Psaliota sylvicola. Taste pleasant.
Edible. Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
202. P. subgibbosa Fr. Sub, somewhat; gibbosa, humpbacked.
P. 2-2-5 cm., yellowish, fleshy, convexo-plane, subumbonate,
smooth; margin silky fibrillose. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid. Ring
cortinate, fugacious. Gills white, then cinereous fuscous, free, remote.
Spores fuscous. Fir woods. Rare.
1 This is listed as British by Massee in his Eur. Fung. Fl. Agar. 207.
PSALIOTA. ANELLARIA 91
203. P. sagata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1177, t. 968.
Sagata, clothed in a mantle.
P. 3-5 cm., yellowish tawny, or reddish brown, fleshy, convex, then
plane, at length revolute, obtuse, smooth, subpelliculose, shining. St.
5 cm. x 5-6 mm., yellowish, equal, at length compressed, fragile,
smooth. King white, distant, entire, persistent. Gills pinkish, then
umber, free, ventricose, 6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, thin.
Spores purplish umber, elliptical, 6 x 3-4/A. Cystidia "on edge of
gill basidia-like, 36-40 x 8-12/it" Rick. Grassy places, and under
beeches. Oct. Rare.
204. P. dulcidula Schulz. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 17, fig. 1.
Dulcidula, sweetish.
P. 2-5-5 cm., lurid white, or ochraceous, disc subfuscous, or dirty
violaceous, fleshy, convex, then plane, slightly gibbous, somewhat
smooth, dry. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, fragile, base in-
curved, subbulbous, almost smooth. Ring concolorous, membrana-
ceous, median, erect, persistent. Gills pallid greyish, then black, free,
widest in front, 4 mm. broad, rather crowded. Flesh white, thin at the
margin. Smell pleasant. Taste sweetish. Under oaks, and on heaths.
Oct. Rare.
205. P. rusiophylla (Lasch) Fr. Russus, red; <f>v\\ov, a leaf.
P. 2-3-5 cm., flesh colour, or ruddy, becoming pale, fleshy, campanu-
late, then expanded, umbonate, fibrillose ; margin somewhat appendicu-
late with the partial veil. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, slightly
attenuated from the thickened base, fibrillose. Ring superior, re-
flexed, persistent. Gills rosy, then fuscous, free, crowded. Flesh pallid,
thin at the margin. Spores reddish, elliptical, 5 x 3p. Frondose
woods, and parks. Oct. Rare.
P. haematosperma (Bull.) Fr. = Lepiota haematosperma (Bull.) Boud.
P. echinata (Roth) Fr. = Lepiota haematosperma (Bull.) Boud.
Spores black, or blackish fuscous.
Anellaria Karst.
(Anellus, a little ring.)
Pileus fleshy, campanulate. Stem central. Ring membranaceous,
persistent, or fugacious. Gills adnate, or often almost free. Spores
black, or blackish fuscous, pip-shaped, or elliptical, smooth, with an
apical germ-pore. Growing on dung, or on the ground.
A. separata (Linn.) Karst. (= Panaeolus separatus (Linn.) Fr.)
Cke. Illus. no. 623, t. 623, as Panaeolus separatus Fr.
Separata, distinct.
92 ANELLARIA. AMANITOPSIS
P. 2-6 cm., clay whitish, or yellowish, fleshy, ovato-campanulate,
2-5-4-5 cm. high, not expanding, obtuse, viscid, smooth, often
wrinkled, or cracked when old; margin often appendiculate with the
veil. St. 5-20 cm. x 4-8 mm., whitish, tense and straight, rigid,
gradually attenuated upwards from the thickened base, striate under
a lens, smooth. Ring white, membranaceous, distant, entire, narrow,
persistent, often striate. Gills whitish, then cinereous black, adnate,
but almost separating, ascending, 4-8 mm. broad, edge often whitish.
Flesh whitish, yellowish under the cuticle, and towards the base of the st.,
thick at the disc. Spores black, pip-shaped, 16-20 x 10-12jM. Cystidia
bottle-shaped, 30-40 x 8-1 4/x. x 5-8 ju, at apex. On dung, especially
that of horse. Woods, fields, and gardens. April — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
207. A. fimiputris (Bull.) Karst. (= Panaeolus fimiputris (Bull.) Fr.)
Cke. Illus. no. 626, t. 626, as Panaeolus phaknarum Bull.
Fimus, dung; putris, rotten.
P. 2—3 cm., fuliginous-cinereous, or livid, fleshy, conical, then ex-
panded, somewhat gibbous, viscid, smooth, generally beaded with the
veil. St. 5-10 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, equal, smooth, girt with an annular
zone above the middle. Gills livid blackish, adfixed. Flesh whitish, thin.
Spores black, "elliptical, apiculate, 9-10 x 6/u," Massee. On dung.
Fields, roadsides, and gardens. April — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
208. A. scitula Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 625, t. 927, fig. B, as Panaeolus
scitulus Massee. Scitula, pretty.
P. 1—1-5 cm., dirty pale ochre, fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, smooth,
viscid, margin exceeding the gills. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., white,
equal, shining, base peronate, sheath ending in a persistent ring below
the middle of the st. Gills becoming ashy grey, speckled with the black
spores, almost free, narrow, crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores black,
opaque, with a colourless hilum, elliptical, 12-13 x 4/x. On soil in a
flower-pot. Eare.
***With a volva at the base of the stem.
Spores white.
Amanitopsis Roze.
(Amanita, the genus; cn/rt?, like.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, fleshy. Volva membranaceous,
free, lax, sheathing. Gills free, or adnate. Spores white, globose, sub-
globose, oblong elliptic, smooth, continuous. Growing on the ground.
209. A. vaginata (Bull.) Roze. Gonn. & Rabenh. t. 7, fig. 1.
Vagina, a sheath.
P. 3-10 cm., livid, or mouse grey, covered with large, white, or grey,
fugacious patches of the fragments of the volva, slightly fleshy, cam-
AMANITOPSIS 93
panulate, then flattened, obtuse, slightly viscid at first; margin
deeply striate. St. 12-15 x 1-1-5 cm., white, or grey, floccose, slightly
attenuated upwards, surrounded at the base by a large, free, lax, often
lobed, white, or grey membranaceous volva, often inclosing a ring-like
mark around the stem. Gills white, or greyish, free, ventricose. Flesh
white, thin. Spores globose, 10-12/i, with a large central gutta.
Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. June — Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
210. A. fulva (Schaeff.) W. G. Sm. Boud. Icon. t. 7. Fulvus, tawny.
P. 4-10 cm., tawny, disc deeper coloured, campanulate, then
flattened, umbonate, slightly viscid, covered with a few, fugacious
patches of the yellowish volva; margin striate. St. 7-20 x -5-1 cm.,
paler tawny, squamulose, base surrounded by the upright, lax, free
yellowish, membranaceous volva. Gills white, tinged with yellow, free.
Flesh white, yellow under the epidermis. Spores globose, 9-14/i, multi-
guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, etc., especially
under birch trees. May — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
211. A. nivalis (Grev.) Rea. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 18.
Nivalis, snow coloured.
P. 5-9 cm., white, disc pale ochraceous, covered at first with the very
fugacious, white fragments of the volva, campanulate, then convex and
plane, or slightly umbonate; margin striate. St. 7—13 x 1 cm., white,
the subbulbous base surrounded by a white, lax, free, membranaceous
volva. Gills white, free, broader in front. Flesh white, thin. Spores
oblong elliptic, 11-12 x 9/u,, with a large central gutta. Taste pleasant.
Edible. Woods, and heaths. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
212. A. strangulata (Fr.) Roze. Boud. Icon. t. 9, as Amanitopsis
inaurata (Seer.) Boud. Strangulata, choked.
P. 8-15 cm., bright tawny, or tawny brown, covered with numerous
large, grey, patches of the fragments of the volva, convex, then plane,
slightly viscid; margin deeply striate. St. 12-30 x 3-4 cm., greyish
white, stout, attenuated upwards, encircled by one to three greyish rings
on the lower half — the remnants of the friable volva which disintegrates
at the base. Gills white, or tinged yellowish, adnate, crowded, ventricose.
Flesh white, tinged slightly yellowish under the cuticle. Spores globose,
8-13 fi, multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures,
chiefly on the chalk and limestone. May — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
213. A. adnata (W. G. Sm.) Sacc. (= Amanita junquillea Quel.)
Saund. & Sm. t. 20. Adnata, adnate.
P. 6-7 cm., pale yellowish buff, covered with white, woolly patches of
the volva, fleshy, very firm, convex, then expanded ; margin exceeding
the gills. St. 5-10 x 1-5 cm., pale buff, fibrillose, base slightly swollen
94 AMANITOPSIS. VOLVARIA
and covered by the adnate volva, which has only a small, free, lax
margin, sometimes almost obsolete. Ring generally absent. Gills
white, truly adnate, crowded. Flesh white, buff beneath the epidermis.
Spores subglobose, 7-9 x 6-7 /A, with a large central gutta. Woods,
and heaths. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.1)
Spores pink.
Volvaria Fr.
(Volvaria, having a volva, or wrapper.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Volva membra naceous, free,
sheathing. Gills free. Spores pink, elliptical, or subglobose, smooth,
continuous. Growing on the ground, or on wood.
*P. dry, silky, or fibrillose.
214. V. bombycina (SchaefT.) Fr. (= Volvaria Loveiana Berk. sec.
Barb.) Bombycina, silky.
P. 7-20 cm., white, becoming yellowish, fleshy, soft, globose, then
campanulate and convex, subumbonate, silky, becoming squamuloso-
villose, disc rarely becoming smooth. St. 7-15 x 1-2 cm., white,
attenuated upwards, base bulbous, often curved. Volva whitish, be-
coming discoloured, soon torn asunder, ample, 3-8 cm. broad, mem-
branaceous, lax, laciniate, somewhat viscid, persistent. Gills white,
then flesh colour, free, very crowded, ventricose, becoming toothed.
Flesh white, becoming yellowish. Spores pink, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /u,.
Cystidia sparse, clavate, often slightly constricted near the apex,
55—60 x 18//,. Smell and taste pleasant. On decayed wood, stumps
and sawdust. June — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
215. V. volvacea (Bull.) Fr. (= Volvaria Taylori Berk. sec. Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 294, t. 294. Volvacea, having a volva.
P. 7-10 cm., cinereous, black-streaked with adpressed fibrils, cam-
panulate, then expanded, obtuse. St. 5—12-5 x 1 cm., white, villose,
somewhat equal. Volva whitish, fuscous at the apex, oval, membra-
naceous, lax, often adpressed to the stem. Gills white, then flesh colour,
free, ventricose. Flesh white, floccose. Spores pink, elliptical, 6-7
x 4-5/A, 1-guttulate. Gardens, in stoves, roadsides. July — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
216. V. Loveiana Berk. (= Volvaria plumulosa (Lasch) Quel.; Vol-
varia hypopitys Fr. sec. Quel. ; Volvaria bombycina Schaeff. sec.
Barb.) Berk. Outl. t. 7, fig. 2. Rev. R. T. Lowe
P. 5—7 cm., tvhite, with a very slight shade of pink, or cinereous, sub-
truncato-globose, then convex, or slightly expanded, beautifully silky;
1 At Sandringham, Norfolk, on the 30th October, 1899, specimens were found
both with a well-defined membranaceous ring and without any trace of a ring.
C. R.
VOLVARIA 95
margin involute. St. 5 x -5-1 cm., pure white, bulbose, attenuated
upwards, closely fbrillose, with a little matted, down, very juicy. Volva
'pure white, with a little downy prominence within round the base of
the stem. Gills white, becoming gradually pale pink, free, broad in
front, subdeliquescent. Flesh white, becoming yellowish. Spores pink,
elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. On Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch)
Fr. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
217. V. Taylori Berk. (= Vdvaria volvacea Bull. sec. Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 296, t. 296. M. A. Taylor.
P. 2-5 cm., livid, conico-campanulate, obtuse, striato-rimose from the
apex, thin; margin lobed, sinuate. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-5 mm., pallid,
nearly equal, slightly bulbose at the base. Volva date-brown, lobed,
somewhat lax, small. Gills rose colour, free, broad in front, very much
attenuated behind, uneven, edge jloccose, white. Spores pink, elliptical,
7-8 x 5/Lt, 2-guttulate. Gardens. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
218. V. temperata B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 300, t. 300, upper fig.
Temper ata, moderate.
P. 6 mm., whitish, disc tinged tawny, convex, then expanded, umbo-
nate, pulverulent, striate. St. 1 -5-2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, pel-
lucid. Volva white, ample. Gills pinkish, free. Spores pink, elliptical,
4 x 2-5 p. Greenhouses. Feb. Rare.
**P. more or less viscid, smooth.
219. V. speciosa Fr. (= VolvariagloiocephalaDC.sec. Dumee.) Boud.
Icon. t. 84. Speciosa, handsome.
P. 7-13 cm., whitish, subumbonate disc grey, or umber, fleshy, glo-
bose, then campanulate, at length plane, viscid. St. 10-20 x 1—2-5 cm.,
white, firm, slightly attenuated upwards, base white-villose when young.
Volva white, membranaceous, bulbous, free, variously torn into loops,
externally tomentose. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, ventricose.
Flesh white, floccose. Spores pink, elliptical, 15-16 x 8-10 p, 1-2-
guttulate. Cystidia " vesiculose-pyrif orm, 60-70 x 20-36 p, some-
times pointed" Rick. Smell none, or somewhat strong. Edible sec.
Maire. Dunghills, roadsides, and occasionally in woods. June — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
220. V. gloiocephala (DC.) Fr. (= Volvaria speciosa Fr. sec. Dumee.)
Cke. Illus. no. 298, t. 298. 7X0*09, sticky; Ke<f>a\tj, head.
P. 7-11 cm., fuliginous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbo-
nate, glutinous', margin striate. St. 8-18 x 1-2 cm., white, becoming
fuscous, or tawny, attenuated upwards, base subbulbose and villose.
Volva whitish, grey, or fuscous, circularly split, lobed, villose, often
adpressed to the stem. Gills white, then reddish, free, broad, especially
in front, attenuated behind, margin slightly toothed. Flesh white,
96 VOLVARIA. LOCELLINA
fuscous under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores pink, elliptical, 12 x 7fj,.
Smell and taste unpleasant. Poisonous. On the ground. June — Nov.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
221. V. viperina Fr.1 (= ^Volvaria cornea (Pico.) Quel.; Volvaria
speciosa Fr. sec. Maire.) Viperina, of a snake.
P. 3-4 cm., grey, or cinereous, fleshy, persistently conical, acute,
viscid, silky shining when dry. St. white, equal, subflexuose. Volva
thin, entire, closely sheathing. Gills tinged yellowish then flesh colour.
Spores pink, "6-8 x 4-4-5/i" Herpell.
222. V. media (Schum.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 299, t. 299.
Medius, middle.
P. 3-5 cm., white, disc brownish, or yellowish, slightly fleshy, con-
vexo-plane, obtuse, viscid, silky when dry and shining. St. 4-7 cm.
x 4-6 mm., white, subbulbose, equal. Volva white, membranaceous,
sheathing, lobed. Gills white, then rosy flesh colour, free, broad in front,
attenuated behind. Flesh white. Spores pink, elliptical, 5-6 x 4/u,.
Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
223. V. parvula (Weinm.) Fr. (= Volvaria pusilla (Pers.) Quel.) Boud.
Icon. t. 86. Parvulus, very small.
P. 1-3 cm., whitish, disc yellowish, slightly fleshy, conical, then cam-
panulate, at length rather plane and umbonate, at first slightly viscid,
soon dry silky. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, equal, silky, base villose.
Volva white, membranaceous, free, lobed, minutely tomentose on the
outside. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, broad in front. Flesh white.
Spores pink, elliptical, 5 x 3/n, 1-2-guttulate. Pastures, gardens, and
woods. May — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
var. biloba Massee (= Volvaria parvula, forma B. Fries Monogr.).
Bi, two; A,oy8o?, the lobe of the ear.
Entirely white when young. P. conical, 6-8 mm. high, dry, some-
times floccosely squamulose. St. 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., equal, pubescent.
Volva bilobed, sheathing, externally adpressedly silky. Pastures. July
— Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
Spores ochraceous.
Locellina GiU.
(Acetabularia Berk.)
(Locellus, a casket.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, thin. Volva membranaceous,
sheathing. Gills free, or adnate. Spores ochraceous, or somewhat
fuscous, oval, or oblong, smooth, continuous. Cystidia ventricose,
pointed. Growing on the ground.
1 This is listed as British by Massee in his Eur. Fung. Fl. Agar. 120.
LOCELLINA. CLARKEINDA. AMANITA 97
224. L. Alexandri Gillet. Alexandre.
P. 2-3 cm., yellowish-tan, disc darker, convex, umbonate, viscid,
pellicle easily separable; margin appendiculate with the cinnamon fibrils
of the arachnoid veil. St. white, or whitish, equal, or slightly thickened
at the base, flexuose, striate, covered with afibrillose, cinnamon veil up
to 1-2 cm. of the apex. Volva white, or whitish, becoming reddish when
handled, irregular, torn at the edge. Gills reddish fiesh colour, paler at
the edge, adnato-decurrent, crowded. Flesh whitish. Spores "be-
coming fuscous, oblong " Big. & Guill. Woods, at the base of beeches.
Oct. Eare.
225. L. acetabulosa (Sow.) Sacc. (= Acetabularia acetabulosa Berk. ;
Pluteus semibulbosus Lasch sec. Boud.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 303,
as Agaricus acetabulosus Sow. Acetabulum, a vinegar cup.
P. 2-3 cm., tan colour, convex; margin plicate, or deeply striate.
St. 4-5 cm. x 3 mm., white, equal. Volva discoid, socket-like. Gills
tawny, free, lanceolate, 3 mm. broad. Flesh very thin. River bank,
near high-water mark. May. Rare.
Spores purple, or fuscous.
Clarkeinda O. Kuntz.
(Chitonia Fr.)
(C. B. Clarke, 'Ii/So<?, pertaining to India.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, thin. Volva membranaceous,
sheathing. Gills free. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, smooth,
with an apical germ-pore. Growing on the ground.
226. C. rubriceps (Cke. & Massee) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 1176, t. 967, as
Chitonia rubriceps Cke. & Massee. Ruber, red; caput, head.
P. 1'5— 2-5 cm., testaceous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded,
umbonate, often becoming depressed round the umbo, smooth; mar-
gin arched, faintly striate. St. 7'5 cm. x 3-4 mm., paler than the p.,
equal, smooth, rooting. Volva whitish, sheathing, saccate, torn at the
margin. Gills purplish brown, free, lanceolate, narrow, rather crowded.
Flesh white, fairly thick at the disc. Spores brownish purple, elliptical,
a little attenuated at both ends, 12 x 6ju. On soil in Aroid house. Dec.
Rare.
****With a ring on the stem, and a volva at the base of the stem.
Spores white.
Amanita (Pers.) Fr.
(Probably from Mount Amanus in Cilicia.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, fleshy. Ring membranaceous,
adnate, persistent, rarely fugacious. Volva membranaceous, free, or
B. B. B. 7
AMANITA
adnate, persistent, or friable. Gills free, subadnate, or decurrent by
a tooth, intermediate gills cut squarely behind. Spores white, rarely
tinged greenish, globose, subglobose, oval, or elliptical, smooth, very
rarely verrucose. Cystidia subglobose, or cylindrical ventricose.
Growing on the ground.
(a) Margin of volva free, persistent. P. generally naked.
227. A. verna (Lam.) Fr. Syst. (= Amanita virosa Fr. Hym. Eur.)
Cke. Illus. no. 1, t. 1, as Amanita virosa Fr. Ver, spring.
Entirely white. P. 5—8 cm., fleshy, conical, acute, then campanulate,
expanded, and subumbonate, glutinous, shining when dry; margin
often unequal, repand, inflexed. St. 8-12 x 1-5-2 cm., cylindrical
from the bulbose base, often compressed at the apex, split up into
longitudinal fibrils, floccosely squamulose. Ring apical, lax, silky,
splitting up into floccose fragments. Volva thick, lax, wide. Gills
free, thin, linear-lanceolate, a little broader in front, crowded, edge
often floccose. Spores white, globose, 7-8/z,. Smell foetid. Taste un-
pleasant. Poisonous. Moist woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. grisea Massee. Grisea, grey.
Differs from the type in the p. being shaded with grey. Woods. Rare.
228. A. phalloides (Vaill.) Fr. (= Amanita virescens (Vaill.) Quel.)
Rolland, Champ, t. 3, no. 3. (f>a\\6$, Phallus; etSo<?, like.
P. 7-10 cm., greenish, or yellowish olive, streaked with dark, innate
fibrils, fleshy, ovato-campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, viscid, rarely
covered with one or two fragments of the volva. St. 8-12 x 1-5-2 cm.,
white, rarely besprinkled with olive or pale yellowish olive, adpressed
squamules, smooth, or floccose, attenuated upwards, base bulbous.
Ring white, superior, reflexed, slightly striate, swollen, generally en-
tire. Volva free for half its depth, generally splitting up into three or
four, more or less acute segments. Gills white, free, ventricose, 8 mm.
broad. Flesh white. Spores white, subglobose, 8-11 x 7-9 fj., with a
large central gutta. Smell foetid when old. Taste unpleasant.
Poisonous. Woods, and ad joining pastures. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. verna (Bull.) Fr.1 Boud. Icon. t. 2, as Amanita verna (Bull.) Fr.
Verna, occurring in spring.
Differs from the type in being entirely white. Spores white, globose,
7-8/i,, with a large central gutta. July — Aug. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. umbrina (Ferry) Maire.
Differs from the type in the brownish umber p., and in the fuscous,
adpressed squamules on the st. (v.v.)
1 Boudier describes this as a distinct species with oval spores 10-14 x 7-9 fi.
AMANITA 99
229. A. porphyria (A. & S.) Fr. Barla, Champ, t. 3, figs. 5-6.
Trop<f>vpa, purple.
P. 3-6 cm., greyish bistre with a purplish tinge, campanulate, then
expanded, moist; margin rarely slightly striate. St. 7-9 x 1 cm.,
white tinted with grey, base bulbous. Ring white, becoming fuscous,
distant. Volva erect, white becoming fuscous. Gills white, adnexed,
crowded, thin. Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 9/z, multi-guttu-
late. Smell strong. Poisonous. Pine woods. July — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
230. A. lutea Otth. Lutea, yellow
P. 4-7-5 cm., yellow, or yellowish ochre, conical, then expanded,
viscid, disc papillose, usually with broad scattered scales; margin invo-
lute, striate. St. 7-8 cm., bulbous, rather narrowed upwards. Ring
white, thin. Volva membranaceous. Gills white, crowded. Woods.
Rare.
(6) Volva circumscissile, or fugacious. P. generally covered
with fragments of the volva.
231. A. recutita Fr. Gonn. & Rabenh. i and n, t. 2, as Amanita
Secretanii Rabenh. Recutita, circumcised.
P. 6-9 cm., fuliginous, bistre, or brown, but without any tinge of
purple, dry, convex, then plane, generally covered with fragments of
the volva, silky. St. 8-10 x 1-5-3 cm., white, silky, attenuated up-
wards, base bulbous. Ring white, distant. Volva greyish bistre, closely
sheathing, ending abruptly. Gills white, adnexed with a decurrent line.
Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 8-9 /x. Smell slightly foetid.
Poisonous. Pine, and birch woods. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
A.junquillea Quel. = Amanitopsis adnata (W. G. Sm.) Sacc.
232. A. mappa (Batsch) Fr. (= Amanita citrina (Schaefl.) Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 4, t. 4. Mappa, a napkin.
P. 6-9 cm., white, or becoming yellow, covered with patch-like frag-
ments of the volva, slightly fleshy, dry, convexo-plane, obtuse, or
depressed, orbicular. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, equal, base bulbous.
Ring white, yellowish on the exterior, superior, soft, lax, minutely
striate. Volva yellowish, or fuliginous, obtuse, the friable upper portion
disappearing and leaving a distinct groove round the base of the st.
Gills white, adnexed, crowded, narrow, edge often yellowish. Flesh
white, yellowish under the cuticle. Spores white, subglobose, apiculate
at the base, 8-10 x 7-9 fj,, with a large central gutta. Smell foetid.
Poisonous. Woods, and heaths. July — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
7—2
100 AMANITA
var. citrina (Gonn. & Rabenh.) Eea. Gonn. & Kabenh. i and n, t. 4.
Citrina, lemon yellow.
P. 8-12 cm., bright yellow with white patches of the fragments of the
volva, convex, obtuse. St. 10-12 x 2 cm., white, stout. Volva im-
perfect. Spores white, "globose, waited, 6-7 /A" Massee. Rare.
var. alba (Gillet) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 3, t. 3. Alba, white.
Differs from the type in being white, and then becoming discoloured.
Woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
(c) Volva floccose, or friable. P. floccose, or verrucose with
the fragments of the volva, rarely naked.
233. A. muscaria (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 5, t. 117. Musca, a fly.
P. 10-20 cm., scarlet, or orange, covered with white, or yellowish
fragments of the volva, fleshy, viscid, globose, then convex, and at
length flattened; margin slightly striate when mature. St. 10-22
x 2-5 cm., white, or yellowish, firm, often torn into scales, apex striate,
base bulbous, encircled by several concentric rings formed from the
fragments of the volva. Ring white, yellowish on the exterior, superior,
very soft, torn, somewhat striate. Gills white, rarely becoming yellow,
free, but reaching the stem, crowded, thick, broader in front, minutely
denticulate. Flesh white, yellow under the epidermis. Spores white,
elliptical, apiculate, 8-10 x 6-7 //,. Taste mild. Poisonous. Birch, and
coniferous woods, and under birches and conifers. July— Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
var. regalis Fr. Regalis, royal.
Differs from the type in the very glutinous, liver coloured p., and in
the st. becoming light yellow internally. Beech woods. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. formosa Fr. Gonn. & Rabenh. i and n, t. 10, fig. 2.
Formosa, handsome.
Differs from the type in the lemon yellow p. covered with lax, mealy
yellowish, fugacious fragments of the veil, and in the st. and ring often
becoming yellow. Beech woods. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. umbrina Fr. Umbrina, umber.
Differs from the type in being thinner, and more slender, and in the
umber, or livid p., fuscous at the disc. Woods. Rare.
var. paella (Batsch) Cda. Gonn. & Rabenh. i and n, t. 7, fig. 2.
Puella, a girl.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, and in the p. being destitute
of any fragments of the volva. Woods. Rare, (v.v.)
AMANITA 101
var. aureola (Kalchbr.) Quel. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 1, fig. 1.
Aureola, golden.
Differs from the type in the erect, membranaceous volva. Under
birches. Uncommon, (v.v.)
234. A. rcmilii Kiel. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xxm (1907), t. 1.
Emile Boudier, the eminent French mycologist.
P. 13-17 cm., yellowish butter colour, becoming tawny purplish, disc
finally dark fuscous, covered with cream coloured fragments of the volva,
fleshy, viscid, convex, then hemispherical, and finally expanded, and
depressed; margin paler, finally striate. St. 12-20 x 1-5-3 cm., white,
bulbous. Ring white, thick, especially at the margin, and covered
with the fragments of the cream coloured volva, crenulate, torn.
Volva friable, forming three to four concentric rings round the apex
of the globose, rarely fusiform base of the stem. Gills whitish, or pale
rose colour, attenuated or rounded near the stem, broad, somewhat
crowded, edge denticulate, floccose. Flesh white, pale rose red under
Spores white, subglobose, 9-10//,, 1-guttulate. Taste
Poisonous. Deciduous woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
235. A. solitaria (Bull.) Fr. (= Amanita strobiliformis (Vitt.) sec.
Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 3. Solitaria, lonely.
P. 8-12 cm., white, then pearl grey, covered with moderately thick,
angular, wart-like fragments of the volva, which are at first plate-like,
floccose, white, and easily separable, then becoming greyish and
hardened, very fleshy, moist, convex then expanded; margin appen-
diculate with the veil. St. 10-20 x 3 cm., white, covered with thick,
floccose, imbricate scales; base bulbous, prolonged into a root-like point.
Ring cream colour, floccose, often torn, and finally disappearing,
striate. Volva white, or greyish, very friable. Gills snow white, free,
decurrent by a tooth, ventricose, minutely crenulate. Flesh white.
Spores white, elliptical, 13-15 x 8-10/i. Smell and taste pleasant.
Edible. Clearings in woods, and adjacent pastures. July — Oct. Rare.
(v.v.)
236. A. strobilifonnis (Paul.) Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 9, t. 277.
Strobilus, a pine cone.
P. 6-30 cm., grey, covered with very thick, somewhat separable, angular,
pyramidal, wart-like, grey fragments of the volva, very fleshy, hemi-
spherical, then plane. St. 15-22 x 3-5 cm., whitish, clothed with grey
flocci; base bulbous, immersed in the soil and surrounded by two or
three circles formed by the remains of the volva. Ring white, apical,
torn, dependent, wide, striate. Volva greyish, friable. Gills white,
free, decurrent by a tooth. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical,
102 AMANITA
10-11 x 7/x. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Downs, and woods
especially on the chalk. July — Oct. Locally common, rare elsewhere.
(v.v.)
237. A. aculeata Quel. Quel. Champ. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 1, fig. 1, as
Amanita strobiliformis Fr. Aculeata, prickly.
P. 5-10 cm., white, becoming greyish, fleshy, convex, then plane,
densely covered with erect, slender, pointed, angular, firm, adnate,
whitish or greyish warts, that become tinged with bistre with age; margin
white, smooth. St. 5-12 cm. x 2-5 cm., whitish, solid, equal, floc-
cosely scaly; base bulbous, often attenuated downwards, surrounded
by several concentric crenulate zones, the remains of the volva. Ring
white, superior, thin, torn, striate, often becoming fugacious. Gills
white, becoming yellowish with age, 5-15 mm. wide, sinuate behind,
crowded. Flesh white, then tinged with yellow, thick, soft. Spores white,
broadly elliptical, or subglobose, with a basal apiculus, 10-11 x 8-9 /x,
contents granular. Smell and taste pleasant. Amongst beech leaves,
in woods. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
238. A. Vittadinii (Moretti) Vitt. (= Amanita umbella (Paul.) Quel.)
Krombh. t. 27. Vittadini, an Italian mycologist.
P. 6-12 cm., white, densely covered with small, erect, wart-like frag-
ments of the volva, convex, then plane, silky. St. 15-20 x 2-2-5 cm.,
white, becoming tinged with greenish, floccosely scaly, base often some-
what bulbous. Ring white, superior, large, flexuose, often double.
Volva white, or grey, friable. Gills cream colour, finally becoming
greenish, decurrent by a tooth, ventricose, thick. Flesh white, then
tinged greenish. Spores white ("greenish" Quel.), elliptical, 6-9 x 6 /A.
Smell and taste unpleasant. Poisonous. Downs, and woods on the
chalk and limestone. July — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
239. A. echinocephala Vitt. Cke. Illus. no. 1102, t. 939, fide Boudier,
as Amanita solitaria Bull. e^ti/o?, hedgehog; K€<j)a\ij, head.
P. 6-8 cm., white, or greyish, covered with thin, pointed, wart-like
fragments of the volva, convex, then flattened and depressed at the
disc; margin floccose. St. 8-14 x 2-4 cm., white, clothed with revo-
lute squamules, base napiform and rooting. Ring white, distant, per-
sistent, slightly striate. Volva greyish, friable. Gills greenish yellow,
free, broad. Flesh white, yellowish at the base of the stem. Spores
"white, ovoid, 11-13 x 7-10/t" Boud. Smell and taste unpleasant.
Poisonous. Limestone pastures, and woods. July — Sept. Rare.
240. A. excelsa Fr. (= Amanita ampla (Pers.) Quel.) Rolland,
Champ, t. 6, no. 8, as Amanita ampla. Excelsa, tall.
P. 9-15 cm., reddish grey, or brownish grey, covered with mealy,
fugacious patches of the volva, streaked with innate, blackish bistre
AMANITA 103
fibrils, globose, then plane, viscid, rugose, uneven; margin often finally
striate. St. 12-20 x 2-3 cm., greyish, equal, or bulbous at the base,
villose, concentrically scaly below the ring from the breaking up of the
epidermis. Ring white, large, superior, dependent, torn, often fugacious.
Volva whitish grey, friable. Gills white, free, very broad, 12-15 mm.,
ventricose. Mesh white, soft, fragile. Spores white, subglobose,
9 x 7-8 \i, multi-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill, globular, 20-
35/u, in diam." Lange. Taste pleasant, smell unpleasant. Poisonous.
Deciduous woods. July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
241. A. pantherina (DC.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 7, no. 10.
Pantherina, deceitful.
P. 6-10 cm., olivaceous umber, fuliginous, or greyish olive, rarely
whitish, covered with numerous small, white, moderately persistent frag-
ments of the volva, fleshy, convex, then flattened, or subdepressed,
viscid, shining when dry; margin striate. St. 7-9 x 1 cm., white, equal,
or attenuated upwards, base bulbous. Ring white, distant, thin, striate,
adhering obliquely, somewhat fugacious. Volva white, forming one or
two concentric rings at the apex of the globose base of the stem. Gills
white, free, reaching the stem, broader in front, 6-8 mm. broad.
Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 11-12 x 7-9 /z. Cystidia "mostly
cylindric-vesiculose about 12/z, in diam." Lange. Taste insipid, smell
unpleasant. Poisonous. Woods, heaths, and pastures. July — Oct.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
242. A. cariosa Fr. Gonn. & Rabenh. t. 9, fig. 2, as Amanita aspera.
Cariosa, rotten.
P. 6-12 cm., umber, or dark cinereous, covered with white, mealy
fragments of the volva, convex, then plane, often hemispherical, tender;
margin often striate. St. 12-14 x 2-4 cm., white, fragile, attenuated
upwards, not bulbous, villose, mealy. Ring white, superior, broad,
fugacious. Volva white, friable. Gills white, adnate, becoming free.
Flesh white, fragile. Spores white, ovoid, 11-13 x 7-10 /JL. Taste acid.
Poisonous. Woods. Sept. Rare.
243. A. spissa Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 6, no. 9. Spissa, thick.
P. 8-15 cm., umber fuliginous, or grey, fleshy, compact, convexo-
plane, obtuse, covered with whitish, or greyish, fugacious patches of the
volva; margin often fibrillose. St. 10-11 x 3-^ cm., white, clothed with
concentric squamules below the ring, base bulbous, somewhat rooting.
Ring white, superior, large, striate. Volva whitish, or greyish, friable.
Gills white, slightly striato-decurrent, broad, crowded. Flesh white,
firm. Spores white, subglobose, 9-10 x 8-9 p. Cystidia "on edge of
gills globular, 18-30//, in diam." Lange. Taste insipid, or slightly
biting. Edible. Deciduous woods. July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
104 AM ANITA
244. A. rubescens (Pers.) Fr. (= Amanita rubens (Scop.) Quel.)
Rolland, Champ, t. 9, no. 13. Rubescens, becoming red.
P. 8-12 cm., reddish brown, or dingy reddish brown, sometimes pale,
covered with large, grey (sometimes white, or yellowish) mealy patches
of the volva, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, moist; margin slightly
striate when old. St. 7-12 x 3-4 cm., reddish white, deeper in colour
at the bulbous base, squamulose, attenuated upwards. Ring white,
superior, large, membranaceous, soft, striate. Volva evanescent. Gills
white, then spotted with red, decurrent by a tooth, attenuated behind,
thin, crowded, soft. Flesh white, becoming reddish when broken. The
whole plant becomes reddish with injury, or handling. Spores white,
ovoid, or elliptical, 8-10 x 7/*, 1-2-guttulate. Taste sweet, then acrid.
Edible. Woods, heaths, pastures, etc. Common, (v.v.)
var. magnifica (Fl. Dan.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 14, t. 34, as Amanita
magnifica Fr. Magnifica, splendid.
Differs from the type in the smooth pileus, equal stem, and fugacious
ring. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. alba W. G. Smith. Alba, white
Differs from the type in being entirely white. Woods. Rare.
var. annulo-sulphurea Gillet.
Annulus, a ring; sulphurea, sulphur-yellow.
Differs from the type in having a persistent, sulphur coloured ring.
Woods, and heaths. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. gracilis Cat. de S. et L. Gracilis, thin.
Differs from the type in being thinner, and smaller in all its parts.
Heaths. Uncommon, (v.v.)
245. A. nitida Fr. Nitida, shining.
P. 6-10 cm., white, or yellowish, shining, covered with large, angular,
thick fragments of the volva, which become fuscous, convex, then plane,
fleshy. St. 6-7 x 1-2-5 cm., white, firm, slightly attenuated upwards,
squamulose below the ring, base bulbous. Ring white, superior, thin,
torn, slightly striate, villous outside, at length fugacious. Volva
whitish, becoming fuscous, evanescent. Gills white, free, crowded, very
broad, 8-12 mm., ventricose. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical,
6-9 x 4-5/Lt. Taste sweet, or slightly acrid. Poisonous. Deciduous
woods. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
246. A. aspera (Fr.) Qu61. Asper, rough.
P. 5-8 cm., straw colour, grey, olive, or bistre, covered with small,
pointed, floccose, sulphur coloured, persistent fragments of the volva,
AMANITA. ARMILLARIA 105
which become whitish or brownish in dry weather, convex, then
plane. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., white, attenuated upwards, slightly floccose,
base bulbous, surmounted by sulphur coloured flocci that become brown-
ish. Ring white, distant, margin sprinkled with sulphur coloured flocci.
Volva sulphur coloured, friable. Gills white, or tinged sulphur colour,
rounded-free, ventricose. Flesh white, yellowish, or brownish under the
epidermis. Spores white, ovoid, 7-8 x 6-7 /A, 1-guttulate. Cystidia
sparse, vesiculose, 20-40 x 18-25 p. Smell and taste pleasant.
Poisonous. Beech woods. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
A. magnifica (Fl. Dan.) Fr. = Amanita rubescens (Pers.) Fr. var.
magnifica (Fl. Dan.) Rea.
A. arida Fr. = Lepiota arida (Fr.) Gillet.
A. lenticularis (Lasch) Fr. = Lepiota lenticularis (Lasch) Cke.
A. megalodactylus Berk. & Br. = Lepiota lenticularis (Lasch) Cke.
var. megalodactylus (B. & Br.) Rea.
B. Pileus confluent, and homogeneous with the fleshy stem.
*With a membranaceous ring on the stem.
Spores white.
Armillaria Fr.
(Armilla, a ring.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, fleshy. Ring membranaceous,
or subarachnoid, adnate, persistent, or fugacious. Gills sinuato-
adnexed, decurrent, or adnate. Spores white, elliptical, oval, or
globose, smooth. Growing on the ground, and on wood, sometimes
caespitose.
(a) Gills sinuato-adnexed.
247. A. bulbigera (A. & S.) Fr. Bulbus, a bulb; gero, I bear.
P. 7-5-10 cm., pale yellowish brick colour, fleshy, not compact, con-
vexo-flattened, obtuse, moist; margin paler, squamuloso-fibrillose from
the fragments of the veil. St. 5-7-5 x 1-5-2 cm., white, equal, floccose
with the remains of the arachnoid veil up to the ring, — sometimes the
separable cuticle is marked longitudinally with blackish fibrils, base
marginately bulbous. Ring white, arachnoid, silky, fugacious. Gills
white, then cream colour, or reddish, broadly emarginate, ventricose,
broad. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle, and above the base of the
gills. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/A. In pine woods. Sept. —
Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Exactly like a white-spored Cortinarius.
106 ARMILLARIA
248. A. rufa (Batt.) Quel. (= Agaricus causetta Barla sec. Quel.;
Armillaria focalis Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 51, t. 33, as
Armillaria aurantia Fr. fide Boudier. Rufa, red.
P. 8-12 cm., chestnut, or brownish tawny, convex, then plane;
margin fibrillose, torn. St. 6-9 x 3 cm., white, covered with reddish tawny
squamules up to the ring, apex glabrous, equal, attenuated and root-
ing at the base. Ring reddish, squamulose. Gills greenish white, sinuate.
Flesh white, compact. Spores white, globose, 3-4/i, punctate. Taste
pleasant. Edible. Sandy coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
249. A. focalis Fr. (= Armillaria rufa (Batt.) Quel.)
Focale, a neck-cloth.
P. 10-12-5 cm., reddish tawny, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse,
slightly shining, silky-fibrillose. St. 7-5-9 x 2-5 cm., whitish, becoming
tawny, equal, fibrillose. Ring concolorous, median, oblique. Gills
white, then pale, emarginato-free, crowded. Flesh pale tawny. Spores
white, "4-5 x 3 /A" Rick. Pine woods, and under old laurel trees.
Aug. — Oct. Rare.
var. Goliath Fr. The giant Goliath.
Differs from the type in its larger size, in the revolute torn margin
of the p., in the st. becoming tawny fibrillose downwards, in the fugacious
ring, and in the thinner flesh at the margin of the p.
250. A. robusta (A. & S.) Fr. (= Agaricus caligatus Viv. sec. Quel.)
Boud. Icon. t. 22. Robusta, strong.
P. 5-15 cm., bay brown rufescent, margin paler, very fleshy, convex,
then expanded, obtuse; margin scaly-fibrillose. St. 4-7 x 2-3 cm.,
white, covered with rufescent squamules up to the ring, fusiform, apex
mealy. Ring white, streaked with rufescent fibrils, large, subpersistent.
Gills whitish, or cream colour, broadly emarginate, almost free, 10-
12 mm. broad, crowded, often transversely veined. Flesh white,
reddish under the cuticle of the p. Spores white, globose, 4-5 /it. Taste
and smell pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
var. minor Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. part in, t. 1, fig. 4, as Armillaria
subannulata Batsch. Minor, smaller.
Differs from the type in the smooth p. and in very narrow gills and
ring. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
251. A. caligata (Viv.) Fr. (= Armillaria robusta A. & S. sec. Quel.)
Boud. Icon. t. 21. Caliga, a soldier's shoe.
P. 6—12 cm., brownish chestnut, somewhat purplish, covered with ad-
pressed, denticulate, darker squamules on the disc, firm, convex, de-
ARMILLARIA 107
pressed at the centre; margin white, incurved, appendiculate with the
veil. St. 5—8 x 1-2-5 cm., white, and mealy at the apex, covered with
large, denticulate, dark chestnut squamules below the ring, attenuated at
the base. Ring white inside, torn, covered on the outside with similar
squamules, ascending. Gills white, adnate, slightly decurrent, broad.
Flesh white, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 4ju,. Smell of pear.
Taste bitter. Edible. Pine woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
A. aurantia (Schaeff.) Fr. = Tricholoma aurantium (SchaefE.) Fr. Syst.
252. A. colossa (Fr.) Bond. (=Tricholoma colossum Fr.) Boud. Icon.
t. 20. Ko\oacr6<f, a gigantic statue.
P. 10-22 cm., reddish tawny, darker at the centre, globose, then ex-
panded, plano-convex, then depressed, always very obtuse, repand,
becoming broken up into scales; margin whitish, incurved, slightly
viscid, cottony. St. 7-5-10 x 6-10 cm., concolorous, or more deeply
coloured than the p. below the ring, apex white, floccose, base bulbous.
Ring white, then becoming reddish, membranaceous, soon fugacious. Gills
white, then pale brick red, rounded, sinuate, very wide, 12 mm. broad,
fragile, torn. Flesh white, then pale brick-red, very hard, thick. Spores
white, globose, 6-7 x 5-7 /*, with a large central gutta. Taste nutty,
then slightly bitter. Edible. Pine woods. June — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
253. A. ramentacea (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma ramentaceum (Bull.)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 53, t. 71. Ramenta, shavings.
P. 5—7-5 cm., whitish, or greyish, covered with adpressed, floccose,
dark grey, or bistre scales, convex, then plane, obtuse, or gibbous, at
length depressed, and revolute. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 6-12 mm., white,
covered with adpressed, fuscous, or bistre squamules below the ring, firm,
unequal, often thickened at the base. Ring white above, greyish and
scaly on the outside, often stained yellowish, membranaceous, fugacious.
Gills white, often stained with yellow, emarginato-adnexed, separating
free, 6-8 mm., broad, crowded, then subdistant, thin. Flesh white,
yellowish under the epidermis. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 4/A, with
a large central gutta. Taste sweet. Smell unpleasant. Under pines.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
A. constricta Fr. = Lepiota constricta (Fr.) Quel.
A. glioderma (Fr.) Quel. = Lepiota glioderma Fr.
254. A. delicata (Fr.) Boud. (= Lepiota delicata Fr.) Boud. Icon,
t. 23. Delicata, tender.
P. 1—3 cm., rufescent, pale rose, yellowish, or brownish, convex, then
plane, depressed at the centre, often slightly umbonate, viscid; margin
faintly sulcate. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, tinted with the colour
of the p., and fioccoso-scaly or tomentose below the ring, equal. Ring
108 ARMILLARIA
concolorous, membranaceous, densely floccoso- scaly. Gills white, be-
coming tinted with the colour of the p. when old, almost free, crowded,
thin, ventricose. Flesh white, or yellowish, thin. Spores white,
globose, 5-6 /z. Coniferous woods, hothouses, and about old stumps.
June — Sept. Rare in woods.
255. A. haematites B. & Br. Cke. lUus. no. 54, t. 45.
aifjLaTirr/s, bloody.
P. 2-4 cm., red liver colour, hemispherical, then somewhat flattened,
or depressed at the centre, thin, slightly hispid, becoming smooth.
St. 4-6 cm. x 3-5 mm., concolorous below the ring, whitish above, equal ;
base thickened, white floccose. Ring whitish, then concolorous, sub-
membranaceous, narrow, inferior, scaly beneath, torn, often fugacious.
Gills white, then whitish tinged with rose, and becoming rose colour
when rubbed, sinuato-adnate, or shortly decurrent, scarcely crowded,
narrow, 3mm. broad. Flesh pale liver colour, slightly yellowish in the st.
Spores white, ovoid-ellipsoid, 4 x 3/Lt. Among fir leaves. Nov. Rare.
256. A. Jasonis Cke. & Massee. (=Lepiota amianthina (Scop.) Fr.
sec. Boud. Cke. Illus. no. 1113, t. 955.
Jason and the golden fleece.
P. 2-5-7-5 cm., golden yellow, disc tawny, fleshy, campanulate, then
expanded, with a distinct rounded umbo, granularly papillate, granules
innate; margin appendiculate with the fibrous veil. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 6-
9 mm., concolorous, equal, or slightly thickened at the base, squamu-
lose below the ring. Ring concolorous, distant, squarrose, torn. Gills
white, then pallid, adnate, scarcely crowded, thin. Flesh reddish.
Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 5/n. Smell strong. Caespitose. On
stumps. Sept. Rare.
(b) Gills more or less decurrent.
257. A. mellea (Vahl.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 332.
Md, honey.
P. 5-15 cm., ochraceous yellow, tawny, or bistre, covered with oliva-
ceous, or brownish hairy squamules, fleshy, convex, then flattened, and
depressed in the centre; margin paler, striate. St. 7-5-15 x -5-1 cm.,
yellow, tawny, or bistre, often covered with olivaceous down below the
ring, becoming blackish with age, equal, or subbulbous at the base,
elastic, fibrillose, apex striate. Ring white, becoming discoloured, apical,
silky, membranaceous, thick, swollen at the margin. Gills whitish
flesh colour, then rufescent, adnate, decurrent by a tooth, subdistant.
Flesh white, becoming discoloured, floccose. Spores white, elliptical,
8-9 x 5-6 p,. Cystidia "on edge of gill basidia-like, 40-60 x 8-12ju,"
Rick. Taste acrid. Edible. Caespitose. On old stumps, and buried
fragments of wood. July — Dec. Very common, (v.v.)
ARMILLABIA 109
var. sulphurea (Weinm.) Fr. Sulphurea, sulphur colour.
Differs from the type in the yellow, or yellowish flesh coloured p.,
and the sulphur coloured gills. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. minor Barla. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 21, figs. 3-4.
Minor, smaller.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, and thinner flesh. Woods
(v.v.)
var. maxima Barla. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 22, figs. 1-2.
Maxima, very large.
Differs from the type in the very large p. 20 cm. or more, st. 15x4 cm.,
ventricose, attenuated at the base, and very wide ring, tawny on the outside.
Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. obscura Gillet. Obscura, dark.
Differs from the type in the brownish p., covered with numerous
black scales. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. glabra Gillet. Glabra, smooth.
Differs from the type in the smooth pileus. Woods. Common, (v.v.)
var. bulbosa Barla. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 22, figs. 3-7.
Bulbosa, bulbous.
Differs from the type in the reddish, bulbous stem, and ochraceous,
or bright bistre ring. Woods. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. viridi-flava Barla. Barla, Champ. Prov. Nice, t. 11, figs. 1-3.
Viridis, green ;flava, yellow
Differs from the type in the greenish p., covered with yellow scales,
or fibrils, in the bright yellow, or sulphur coloured st., the citron yellow
ring, and the yellowish gills. Stumps in hedgerows. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
var. laricina (Bolt.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 21, figs. 5-6.
Larix, larch.
Differs from the type in the flesh coloured, glabrous, not striate p.,
and the white, narrow gills. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. versicolor W. G. Sm.1 Verto, I turn; color, colour.
Differs from the type in the bulbous, white, then brown st., and the
yellow white, then deep red brown gills.
1 W. G. Smith probably referred this wrongly to Agaricus versicolor
With.
110 ARMILLARIA
var. tabescens (Scop.) Rea. (= Clitocybe tabescens (Scop.) Fr.;
Agaricus gymnopodius Bull. sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 51,
cited in text under t. 61, as Clitocybe tabescens (Scop.) Fr.
Tabesco, I waste away.
Differs from the type in the complete absence of the ring. Woods,
and hedgerows. Uncommon, (v.v.)
258. A. denigrata Fr. (=Pholiota erebia Fr. sec. Lange). Fr. Icon. t. 20.
Denigro, I colour very black.
P. 3-6 cm., dark brown, convex, then plane, obtuse, slightly viscid,
looking as if covered with minute drops of water, owing to the presence of
elevated warts. St. 5-6 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid fuscous, brown at the base,
equal, or ventricose and attenuated, elastic, fibrillosely striate. Ring
paler, superior, membranaceous, narrow, entire, fugacious. Gills pale
brown, then darker, sinuato-decurrent, narrow. Flesh bistre, firm.
Solitary, or caespitose. At the base of old trees, and in garden
humus. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
259. A. citri (Inzenga) Fr. Citrus, orange.
P. 5 cm., sulphur yellow, convex, then plane, subumbonate, fleshy;
margin becoming white, crenulate. St. 5—7-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish,
base rufescent, equal, apex white floccose. Gills whitish, adnate,
crowded. Spores white, "subglobose, 5 x 4jn" Massee. Smell of
new meal. Caespitose. On stumps. Rare.
(c) Gills equal behind, st. externally subcartilaginous.
260. A. subcava (Schum.) Fr. Sub, somewhat; cava, hollow.
P. 2—5 cm., white, umbo umber, submembranaceous, convexo-plane,
viscid, striate to the middle. St. 7-9 cm. x 6 mm., white, fistulose up-
wards, equal, slightly dotted below the ring. Ring white, inferior, torn.
Gills white, decurrent, plane. Flesh white, thick. Fir woods. July —
Nov. Rare.
261. A. mucida (Schrad.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 58, t. 16.
Mucida, slimy.
P. 3-8 cm., white, or grey, thin, almost diaphanous, hemispherical,
then expanded, obtuse, more or less radiato-wrinkled, glutinous ; margin
striate when thinner. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 4-15 mm., white, base thickened
and fuliginously scaly, rigid, striate above the ring. Ring white,
becoming fuscous from the dried gluten, superior, dependent, often
sulcate. Gills white, then yellowish, rounded behind, decurrent by a
tooth, distant, broad, lax. Flesh white, mucilaginous. Spores white,
globose, 15-17/u,, multi-guttulate. Cystidia none. Taste mild. Edible.
On beeches, rarely on oaks and birches. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
BOZITES. PHOLIOTA 111
Spores ferruginous, rough; general veil persistent.
Rozites Karst.
(E. Roze, a French mycologist.)
Pileus fleshy, regular, white pruinose with the thin general veil.
Stem central, fleshy. Ring membranaceous. Gills adnate. Spores
ferruginous, pip-shaped, rough, with an apical germ-pore. Growing
on the ground.
262. R. caperatus (Pers.) Karst. (= Pholiota caperata (Pers.) Fr.)
Holland, Champ, t. 59, no. 132, as Pholiota caperata.
Caperatus, wrinkled.
P. 4—13 cm., more or less intensely yellow, campanulate, then ex-
panded, obtuse, viscid only when moist and not truly so, incrusted
with the fioccose-mealy universal veil, which is crowded on the even
disc, and squamulose and fugacious towards the thin, lacunoso-wrinkled,
sulcate, splitting margin. St. 8-17 x 2-5-3-5 cm., white, becoming
tinged with yellow, stout, fibrillose, striate, equal, base often tuberous,
and the universal veil often cohering in the form of a volva, squamulose
above the ring. Ring white, becoming yellowish, membranaceous,
striate, distant, often oblique and torn. Gills clay-cinnamon, adnate,
crowded, thin, denticulate. Flesh whitish, becoming yellowish. Spores
ferruginous, pip-shaped, 11-12 x 8/x, rough, 1-guttulate. Cystidia
"on edge of gill clavate, 45-50 x 8-10//," Rick. Smell and taste
pleasant. Edible. Woods. Aug. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, generally smooth; general veil
none, or fugacious.
Pholiota Fr.
(</>oXt5, a scale; 0^9, the ear.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring membranaceous, per-
sistent, or fugacious, superior, or inferior. Gills adnate, or decurrent
by a tooth. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, rarely fuscous, ellip-
tical, oval, obovate, subreniform or oblong elliptical, generally smooth,
continuous, or with a germ-pore. Cystidia variable. Growing on
the ground, or on wood, often caespitose.
I. Growing on the ground, not adnate to mosses, rarely caespitose.
263. P. aurea (Mattusch) Fr. (= Lepiota pyrenaea Quel. sec. Maire ;
Pholiota spectabilis Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 101.
Aurea, golden.
Entirely golden-tawny. P. 4—25 cm., fleshy, convex, obtuse, soft,
at first velvety, then torn into innate, hairy squamules. St. 6-28 x 1-
3-5 cm., somewhat equal, becoming pale, sprinkled below the ring with
112 PHOLIOTA
a separating, ferruginous scurf, apex flocculose. Ring membranaceous,
externally flocculose and ferruginous-furfuraceous, internally golden-
tawny, about 2-5 cm. distant from the p., properly inferior, but
appearing to be medial, at first erect, then spreading, sometimes
small, often however wide, laciniate. Gills pallid ferruginous, adnexed,
then free, attenuated at both ends, ventricose, crowded, connected
by veins. Flesh white, becoming yellow. Spores fuscous, elliptical,
9-10 x 4-5ju, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Subcaespitose. On the
ground, and on sawdust heaps. Aug. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. Vahlii (Schum.) Fr. Fl. Dan. 1. 1498. M. Vahl in Flora Danica.
Differs from the type in the smooth pileus, and somewhat free gills.
var. Herefordiensis Renny. Cke. Illus. no. 374, t. 347.
Herefordiensis, belonging to Hereford.
Differs from the type in the granulate, tuberculate stem.
264. P. terrigena Fr. (= Pholiota Cookei Fr. sec. Massee.) Fr. Icon,
t. 103, fig. 1. Terra, earth; yiyvo/jiat, to be born.
P. 3-8 cm., dingy yellow, fleshy, convex, or lens-shaped, then
flattened, obtuse, adpressedly silky with fibrils, fibrillosely scaly towards
themargin. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-12 mm., concolorous, equal, fleshy-fibrous,
covered withfloccose, squarrose squamules that become ferruginous. Ring
thin, torn. Gills pallid light yellow, then olivaceous-ferruginous, adnate,
decurrent with a tooth, scarcely crowded, 4 mm. broad. Flesh yellow.
Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 5-8 x 2-3 /x" Karst. Woods, hedge-
rows, and old earthy stumps. Aug. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
265. P. erebia Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 377, t. 358.
e/oe/So?, a place of nether darkness.
P. 2-5 cm., lurid, or becoming ferruginous-lurid when moist, be-
coming pale (ochraceous clay) when dry, slightly fleshy, convex, then
flattened, almost viscid, rugulose; margin striate when dry. St. 2-5-
5 cm. x 3—6 mm., fuliginous, becoming pale, equal, often cohering at
the base, fibrillose, striate. Ring membranaceous, white, becoming
discoloured, sulcate, superior. Gills pallid, then dingy cinnamon,
adnate, subdistant. Flesh pale brownish. Spores ferruginous, pip-
shaped, 10-12 x 5-6/n, 1-2-guttulate. Woods, pastures, and heaths.
Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
266. P. ombrophila Fr. 0/4/8/305, a storm of rain; </>t\o<?, loving.
P. 4-8 cm., pale ferruginous when moist, clay colour when dry, con-
vex, then plane, gibbous, here and there repand, almost viscid, very
hygrophanous; margin striate when moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm.,
pallid, fragile, equal, obsoletely fibrillose, or slightly striate. Ring
PHOLIOTA 113
membranaceous, white, distant, entire, reflexed. Gills pallid, then
watery ferruginous, adfixed, then separating almost free, ventricose,
crowded. Flesh becoming white, thin, soft. Spores ochraceous, ellip-
tical, or pip-shaped, 8-10 x 4-6 yn,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge
of gill lanceolate-capitate, 50-60 x 12-15//," Rick. Heaths, and
pastures. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. brunneola Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 103, fig. 2. Brunneola, brownish.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, its obtuse, brown pileus, and
its narrower gills.
267. P. molliscorium Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1161, t. 1171.
Mollis, soft; ftopiov, skin.
P. 5—7-5 cm., tawny yellow, disc darker, margin paler, fleshy, convex,
then plane, obtuse, at length depressed, soft like kid leather, shining;
margin acute, thin. St. 7-5 cm. x 6-10 mm., pale yellow, equal, erect,
silky, apex punctately squamulose. Ring yellow, distant, broad, de-
ciduous. Gills ferruginous, narrowly adnate, crowded, thin, ventri-
cose, 4 mm. broad. Flesh yellow, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical,
12 x 5-6/i. Gregarious. On the ground. June. Rare.
268. P. togularis (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 101.
Togula, a little cloak.
P. 2-4 cm., pallid ochraceous, disc darker, campanulate, then ex-
panded, obtuse, orbicular, sometimes striate. St. 3-6 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
whitish, becoming fuscous at the thickened base, equal, fibrillosely striate,
apex mealy. Ring white, membranaceous, medial, entire, spreading,
reflexed. Gills yellow, at length pallid ferruginous, adnato-separating,
attenuated at both ends, crowded. Flesh whitish, becoming yellow.
Spores ferruginous, oblong, 7—8 x 3-4 /A, 1-guttulate, "with flattened
germ-pore. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform, 25-36 x 6-8 p," Rick.
Woods, and pastures. May — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. fllaris Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 104, fig. 4. Filum, a thread.
Differs from the type in being two to three times smaller with a
yellowish stem. Lawns, and pastures. July. Uncommon, (v.v.)
269. P. blattaria Fr. Blattarius, like a cockroach.
P. 1-5-2-5 cm., ferruginous, becoming pale, hygrophanous, thin,
convex, or umbonate, soon flattened; margin paler, striate. St. 2-5-
5 cm. x 2 mm., white, equal, silky, straight. Ring white, membrana-
ceous, distant, silky, entire. Gills watery-cinnamon, rounded behind,
free, ventricose. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores ferruginous,
EBB. 8
114 PHOLIOTA
elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5 /A, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill
fusiform-subulate, 30-36 x 7-9 /i" Rick. Lawns, arable fields, and
gardens. Aug. — Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
270. P. dura (Bolt.) Fr. Durus, hard.
P. 5-9 cm., tawny tan colour, becoming fuscous, fleshy, somewhat
compact, convexo-plane, obtuse, becoming cracked into patches. St.
5-8 cm. x 10-15 mm., yellowish, hard, becoming silky-even, then
longitudinally cracked when dry, apex thickened, mealy, sometimes
ventricose and irregularly shaped, furnished with fibrillose rootlets
at the base. Ring white, membranaceous, thin, apical, often torn,
fugacious. Gills white, then livid, or fuscous ferruginous, adnate,
striato-decurrent with a tooth, ventricose, 7-12 mm. broad. Flesh
whitish. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 9-12 x 6-8/x,, with a germ-
pore. Cystidia " vesiculose-clavate, on edge of gill almost flask-
shaped, 36-50 x 12-18/z" Rick. Smell strong. Fields, and gardens.
May — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. xanthophylla Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 159.
gavffos, yellow; <f>v\\ov, a leaf.
Differs from the type in the bright sulphur yellow gills.
271. P. praecox (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 381, t. 360.
Praecox, early.
P. 3-8 cm., whitish, then tan colour, becoming pale, fleshy, soft, con-
vex, soon plane, obtuse, moist. St. 4-9 cm. x 6-10 mm., white, be-
coming yellowish, equal, at first mealy with white flocci, then somewhat
naked, base white floccose. Ring whitish, membranaceous, entire,
reflexed, striate above. Gills whitish, then rust coloured, rounded-
adnexed, 4-10 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, yellowish in the stem,
soft. Spores ferruginous, oblong elliptical, 10-13 x 6-8/A, 1-guttulate.
Cystidia sack-shaped, often slightly constricted towards the apex,
30-40 x 13-15/x. Taste sweet. "Edible," Quelet. Woods, pastures,
and roadsides. May — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
var. minor (Batt.) Fr. Minor, smaller.
Differs from the type in its smaller size (scarcely 2-5 cm. broad), and
in the torn, appendiculate ring. Pastures. Uncommon, (v.v.)
272. P. sphaleromorpha (Bull.) Fr.
o~(f>a\€p6<;, deceptive; fxop(f>ij, form.
P. 2-5 cm., light yellow, fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, obtuse. St.
7-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., yellowish, attenuated upwards, silky, base in-
crassated, villose. Ring whitish, membranaceous, very thin, median,
ample, spreading, lax, entire. Gills yellowish, then ferruginous-tan,
PHOLIOTA 115
equally broad, truly decurrent, linear, 3 mm. broad. Flesh whitish,
hygrophanous. Spores "almost colourless under the microscope,
cylindrical-elliptical, 6-7 x 3-Afj,, smooth. Cystidia ventricose-fusi-
form, 60-75 x 10-12/x." Kick. Leaf soil, heaths, and peat bogs.
July — Oct. Uncommon.
II. Growing on wood, or epiphytal, most frequently caespitose.
*P. naked not scaly, but here and there rimoso-rivulose.
Gills pallid, then rufescent, or becoming fuscous.
273. P. radicosa (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 382, t. 361.
Radicosus, having a root.
P. 5-13 cm., clay-coloured, then spotted rufous, fleshy, convexo-
plane, viscid, becoming dry. St. 7-5-24 x 1-2-5 cm., white, firm,
thickened at the base and fusiform rooted, concentrically scaly below the
ring, the floccose, erect scales becoming rufous, apex mealy, pruinose.
Eing white, membranaceous, distant, rather erect, entire, scaly. Gills
pallid, then rufescent ferruginous, rounded behind, somewhat free, very
crowded, 6 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, moderately thick. Spores
ochraceous, elliptical, 8—9 x 5/u,, "rough. Cystidia on edge of gill
filamentous-clavate, 36-40 x 6-8/-1, thin walled " Rick. Smell plea-
sant, like cherry laurel, or bitter almonds. Taste pleasant. Solitary or
gregarious. Woods about stumps. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
274. P. pudica (Bull.) Fr. Pudica, modest.
P. 5-10 cm., whitish, or slightly tawny, disc darker, globose, or oval,
then convex, and expanded, obtuse, umbonate, dry. St. 3-6 cm. x 8-
10 mm., whitish, straight, or curved at the base, equal, or attenuated
upwards, sometimes excentric, fibrous. Ring white, membranaceous,
large, spreading, persistent. Gills whitish, then tawny, adnato-de-
current,wide,ventricose. Spores " ferruginous 8 x 5-6 /A " Sacc. Often
solitary. In woods on old trunks, at the base of trees, and on elder
trunks. May — Nov. Uncommon.
275. P. leochroma Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 384, t. 363.
\ernv, a lion ; ^<w//,a, colour.
P. 5-10 cm., bright tawny, whitish at the margin, fleshy, convexo-
plane, at length depressed, soft, generally rivulose from the cracking
of the cuticle. St. 7-12 cm. x 8-13 mm., paler than the pileus, white
above, nearly equal, fibrous. Ring tawny, persistent, membranaceous.
Gills pallid, then cinnamon, rounded, adnate, slightly ventricose.
Flesh yellowish, somewhat tawny under the cuticle of the p., and at the
base of the st. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/x, 1-2-guttulate.
Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Caespitose. Elm stumps. July —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
8—2
116 PHOLIOTA
276. P. aegerita (Porta) Fr. (= PTioliota capistrata Cke., Pholiota
luxurians (Batt.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. nos. 385, 386, t. 364, as Pho-
liota capistrata Cke. and t. 453. afoetpo?, the black poplar.
P. 3-12 cm., tawny, becoming pale white towards the margin, fleshy,
convex then plane, rivuloso- wrinkled, slightly viscid when moist, silky
when dry, disc often areolately cracked; margin incurved, scalloped.
St. 8—15 x 1-5—3 cm., white, becoming stained with yellow, attenuated
downwards, fibrillose, often striate. Eing white, membranaceous,
large, superior, reflexed. Gills pallid, then fuscous, adnate, decurrent
with a small tooth, crowded. Flesh white, brownish under the cuticle
of the p. and at the base of the st. Spores ferruginous, elliptical,
9-10 x 5-7 /i. Cystidia broadly clavate or pear-shaped, 30-36 x 12-
15/x. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Caespitose. Stumps,
especially elm. May — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
277. P. Junonia Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 397, t. 369.
Junonia, belonging to Juno.
P. 4-8 cm., rich yellow, or tawny yellow, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane,
obtuse. St. 4—9 cm. x 6—14 mm., tawny, yellow and mealy above the
ring, equal, firm, incurved, often excentric. Ring concolorous, mem-
branaceous, inferior, reflexed. Gills yellow, then tawny, adnate,
crowded, broad. Flesh pale yellow, compact. Spores ferruginous,
elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /LI. Usually solitary. Trunks. Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
**P. scaly, gills changing colour. P. not hygrophanous.
a. Gills pallid, then becoming fuscous, olivaceous, clay
coloured, not truly ferruginous.
278. P. destruens (Brond.) Fr. (= Pholiota comosa Fr. sec. Quel.,
Pholiota heteroclita Fr. sec. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 84.
Destruens, destructive.
P. 6-20 cm., yellowish white, disc becoming tawny, covered with white,
woolly, fugacious scales, fleshy, somewhat viscid, convex, then flattened,
sometimes gibbose, or broadly umbonate; margin at first involute,
fibrillose. St. 5-17 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, covered with white, fugacious
squamules, becoming smooth, attenuated at the apex, base bulbous
and rooting. Ring white, floccose, fugacious. Gills white, then becoming
umber cinnamon, rounded behind, adnexed, or plano-adnate and
striato-decurrent, crowded. Flesh white, fulvous cinnamon in the base
of the st. Spores fuscous ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 5/x. Cystidia "on
edge of gill cylindrical, or clavate-capitate, 40-60 x 8-12ju " Rick.
Smell unpleasant, taste bitter, then sweet. Poplar, birch, beech, and
willow trunks. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
PHOLIOTA 117
279. P. heteroclita Fr. (= Pholiota destruens (Brond.) Fr. sec. Bres.)
Cke. Illus. no. 389, t. 366. erepos, one side; K\ivw, I lean.
P. 5-15 cm., whitish, or yellowish, tawny when old, generally broken
up into broad, scattered, innate, adpressed, spot-like (darker) scales,
fleshy, compact, hemispherical, then flattened, very obtuse, some-
times viscid when old and wet; margin often appendiculate with the
remains of the ring. St. 5 x 1-2-5 cm., white, commonly curved-
ascending, base bulbous and bluntly rooting, hard, fibrillose. Ring
floccose, fugacious, cortinate, encircling the stem with an annular
zone. Gills pallid, at length dirty ferruginous, rounded behind, slightly
adnexed, very broad, crowded. Flesh white, rhubarb coloured at the
base of the stem. Spores ferruginous, "8-10 x 5-6 /A" Karst. Smell
strong, pungent, almost that of horse-radish. Solitary. Trunks of
poplar, birch, and willow. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon.
280. P. auriveUa (Batsch) Fr. Aurum, gold; vellus, fleece.
P. 5-17 cm., yellow, or ferruginous yellow, fleshy, campanulate, then
convex, compact at the disc, gibbous when expanded, moist, with
darker adpressed spot-like scales; margin involute, sprinkled with floc-
cose scales. St. 7-10 x 1-1-5 cm., yellowish, clothed with adpressed, floc-
coso-fibrillose, fuscous ferruginous scales up to the ring, at length naked,
fibrillose, equal, somewhat rooting. Ring floccoso-fibrillose, superior.
Gills whitish, then straw coloured, at length ferruginous date-brown, or
somewhat fuscous, sinuato-adnexed, broad, crowded. Flesh white, be-
coming yellowish. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /A, 1-2-gut-
tulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate-fusiform, 30-45 x 6-9 /z,
contents becoming yellow" Rick. Caespitose, or solitary. On old
trunks, and stumps. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. filamentosa (SchaeflE.) Fr. Filum, a thread.
Differs from the type in the smaller, fulvous pileus, with subcon-
centric, adnate scales, in the filamentous stem, and the fioccoso-radiate
ring. Pine woods.
281. P. squarrosa (Mull.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 391, t. 367.
Squarrosa, scaly.
P. 3-10 cm., saffron ferruginous, or ochraceous, fleshy, campanulato-
convex, then flattened, obtusely umbonate, or gibbose, squarrose with
innate, crowded, revolute, darker (becoming fuscous) persistent scales.
St. 6-20 x 1-2-5 cm., concolorous, attenuated downwards, often in-
crassated at the base, squarrose up to the ring with crowded, revolute,
darker scales. Ring of the same colour as the scales, fibrillose, laciniate,
superior. Gills pallid olivaceous, then ferruginous, adnate with a de-
current tooth, crowded, narrow. Flesh light yellow. Spores ferru-
ginous, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 /A. Cystidia "clavate, pointed, 30-
118 PHOLIOTA
45 x 10-12ji, contents olive-yellow" Rick. Smell unpleasant, like
rotting wood, sometimes none. Densely caespitose. On and near
trunks and stumps, especially ash and apple, more rarely under
conifers. July — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. Mulleri Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 392, t. 471.
0. F. Muller, the Danish mycologist.
Differs from the type in the obtuse, moist, pallid p., with darker ad-
pressed scales, in the equal stem, the entire ring, and in the gills becoming
fuscous. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 fi, 1-2-guttulate. On
beech stumps. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. verruculosa (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 398, t. 370, upper figs.,
as Pholiota tuberculosa (Schaeff.) Fr. sec. Boud.
Verruculosa, full of warts.
Differs from the type in the compact, obtuse, yellow p., with crowded,
cinnamon scales and papillae, and in the villose-scaly stem. On maple
trunks. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon,
var. reflexa (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 80. Reflexa, bent back.
Differs from the type in the thinner, cuspidately umbonate, pilosely-
squamulose p., the long, equal stem, and the membranaceous ring. At
the base of oak, and beech trees. Uncommon.
282. P. subsquarrosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 103, fig. 3.
Sub, somewhat; squarrosa, scaly.
P. 5-6 cm., brown-ferruginous, with darker, adpressed, fioccose scales,
fleshy, convex, obtuse, or gibbous, viscid. St. 5-8 cm. x 8-10 mm.,
yellow-ferruginous, clothed with darker, adpressed scales, equal, fur-
nished with an annular zone at the apex. Gills pale, then dingy yellow,
deeply sinuate, emarginate, almost free, arcuate, crowded. Flesh of
stem becoming yellow-ferruginous. Spores ochraceous, oblong-ellip-
tical, 4-5-5 x 2-2-5/z. Cystidia ochraceous, fusiform, tapering into
a long exserted point, 25-30 x 6-8 p., thick walled, contents yellowish,
granular. Subcaespitose. On fir stumps and at the base of trunks.
Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
283. P. grandis Rea. Grandis, large.
P. 20-30 cm., fulvous tawny, fleshy, convex, then expanded and
broadly gibbous, covered with innate, deep tawny squamules at the cir-
cumference, which become revolute at the disc. St. 25-30 x 6-7 cm.,
tawny below the ring, paler and deeply striate for 5 cm. above, fusi-
form, slightly squamulose. Ring distant, almost fugacious. Gills
pallid, then fuscous, deeply sinuato-decurrent, very broad, 1-5-2 cm. wide,
attenuated in front, somewhat crowded. Flesh light yellow, ferruginous
PHOLIOTA 119
in the stem. Spores fuscous, oblong, 6 x 3/j,, 1-guttulate. Smell and
taste very pleasant. Caespitose. At base of oak, and ash trees. Aug.
— Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
yS. Gills yellow then truly ferruginous, or tawny.
284. P. spectabilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 102. Spectabilis, remarkable.
P. 5-13 cm., tawny, or golden yellow, then becoming pale, fleshy,
compact, convex, obtuse, shining as if varnished in dry weather, torn
into adpressed, innate, pilose squamules of the same colour, continued
into the veil at the inflexed margin. St. 6-13 x 2-3 cm., sulphur
yellow, hard, more or less ventricose, extended into a fusiform root,
sheathed with the veil, sometimes squamulose, sometimes smooth,
shining, apex mealy. King yellowish, becoming discoloured, inferior,
persistent, spreading. Gills pure yellow, becoming ferruginous, adnate,
most frequently with a small decurrent tooth, very crowded. Flesh
sulphur yellow, reddening when touched, thick, hard. Spores ferru-
ginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5fj,, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant. Taste bitter-
aromatic. Caespitose. Stumps, and at the base of trees, especially
ash and apple. Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
285. P. adiposa Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 395, t. 353. Adiposa, fat.
P. 3-17-5 cm., yellow, covered with superficial, floccose, subconcentric,
fugacious, ferruginous scales, fleshy, convex, then plane, somewhat
gibbous, very viscid. St. 6-15 x 1-2-5 cm., whitish, then light yellow,
clothed with squarroso-reflexed, separating, ferruginous scales, thickened
downwards, viscid. Eing yellow, at length ferruginous, floccoso-radiate,
cortinate. Gills pallid light yellow, then ferruginous, adnate, slightly
rounded, broad. Flesh yellowish, tawny at the base of the stem. Spores
fuscous ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/u. Beech, ash, and birch
trunks. July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
286. P. lucifera (Lasch) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 85.
Lucifera, light-bringing.
P. 3-5 cm., yellow, covered with minute, adpressed, fugacious, tawny
scales, fleshy, convexo-plane, at length umbonate, sometimes gibbous,
viscid, becoming smooth with age. St. 2-5 cm. x 4r-8 mm., yellow,
covered with floccose, fugacious, ferruginous scales, pale yellow above the
ring, equal, or attenuated downwards. Ring ferruginous, apical,
floccose, fugacious. Gills yellow, then cinnamon, or ferruginous,
sinuato-adnate, crowded, margin crenulate, pubescent, white. Flesh
yellow, ferruginous in the stem. Spores yellow under the microscope,
obovate, or subreniform, 7-8 x 5-6 //,. Cystidia "on edge of gill
clavate-subulate, 30-35 x 6-8 /x" Rick. Trunks, branches, straw, and
burnt earth. Sept. — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
120 PHOLIOTA
287. P. flamuians Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 104, fig. 1. Flammans, flaming.
P. 2—10 cm., yellow tawny, sprinkled with superficial, pilose, some-
what concentric, paler, or sulphur yellow, squarrose, or curly scales,
convex then plane, subumbonate. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-10 mm., very light
yellow, as are also the crowded squarrose scales, equal, often flexuose.
Ring concolorous, floccose, apical. Gills bright sulphur yellow, then
ferruginous, adnate, somewhat thin, crowded. Flesh light yellow, thin.
Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 4/u,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "clavate-
bottle-shaped, rarely pointed, 30-33 x 6-8/A, contents becoming
yellow" Rick. Gregarious, or solitary. Pine woods. July — Oct.
Common, (v.v.)
288. P. tuberculosa (Schaeff.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 104, fig. 2, as Pholiota
tuberculata. Tuberculosa, having swellings.
P. 3-5 cm., tawny yellow, compactly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse,
sometimes depressed, smooth, then broken up into innate, broad, ad-
pressed scales. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., bright light yellow, incurved,
base bulbous, rooting, fibrillose, somewhat scaly, often excentric. Ring
concolorous, floccose, reflexed, fugacious. Gills light yellow, then tawny,
or spotted ferruginous, emarginate, crowded, broad, plane, edge serru-
lated, white floccose. Flesh becoming yellow, not very thick. Spores
ochrey- ferruginous, elliptical, 5-8 x 3 /n. Solitary, or caespitose.
Beech and birch trunks, and on sawdust. Oct. Uncommon.
289. P. curvipes Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 104, fig. 3. Curvus, bent; pes, foot.
P. 3-5 cm., tawny yellow, or orange, fleshy, thin, but slightly firm
and tough, convex, then plane, obtuse, wholly innato-flocculose, then
torn into minute scales. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-6 mm., light yellow, equal,
incurved, tough, fibrillose, or delicately squamulose, sometimes attenu-
ated downwards. Ring floccose, fugacious, rarely manifest. Gills
light yellowish, at length tawny, adnate, crowded, 4-6 mm. broad, edge
white, at length floccoso-crenate. Flesh yellowish, darker in the stem.
Spores slightly tawny, "6-7 x 3-4: /JL" Karst. Smell and taste pleasant.
On sawdust, and fallen trunks, especially poplar, birch, and rose
bushes. Oct. Rare.
290. P. muricata Fr. Muricata, pointed.
P. 2-3 cm., yellow, covered with innate, fasciculate, granular, or
needle-shaped, tawny flocci, that are either erect, or convergent like the
warts of a Lycoperdon, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or umbilicate.
St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., pale yellow, becoming fuscous, covered up
to the ring with floccose, subsquarrose, or peronate, brownish tawny
squamules, equal, or curved. Ring inferior, small, or incomplete,
squamulose, or floccosely radiating, fugacious, like that of Lepiota
granulosa. Gills whitish, or yellow, at length pale cinnamon, adnexed,
PHOLIOTA 121
separating, thin, broad, edge yellowish. Flesh whitish, or yellowish,
thin. Spores fuscous, elliptical, "7-8 x 4-5 /u," Harper. Gregarious.
Beech trunks. Sept. Eare.
291. P. erinacea (Fr.) Quel. (= Naucoria erinacea Fr.) Cke. Illus.
no. 513, t. 480, as Naucoria erinacea Fr. Erinaceus, a hedgehog.
P. 5-15 mm., ferruginous-umber, scaly and prickly with very dense,
crowded, fasciculate, squarrosefiocci, slightly fleshy, convex, umbilicate;
margin at first involute, appendiculate with the fibrillose remains of the
ring. St. 1-1-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, tough, equal, incurved,
everywhere shaggy with strigose hairs. Ring yellowish, fibrillose, ferru-
ginous on the under side. Gills concolorous, adnate, subdistant, ventri-
cose. Flesh reddish, dry, tough. Spores ferruginous, elliptical,
9-11 x 6-7 /i, 1-2-guttulate. Dead branches. Jan. — Dec. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
292. P. cruentata Cke. & Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 399, t. 502.
Cruentata, stained with blood.
P. 4—5 cm., yellow, then turning red, breaking up into darker, ad-
pressed scales, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse; margin in-
curved. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, curved, attenuated at
the base and rooting, dark red brown and sparsely squamulose below.
Ring fibrillose. Gills yellow, then clay colour, emarginate, rather dis-
tant, 4-6 mm. broad, finally separating from the stem. Flesh pale
yellow, at length changing to cinnabar colour. Taste insipid. Oak
stumps, and burnt ground. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon.
***Hygrophanous. Gills cinnamon (not at first light yellow).
293. P. paxillus Fr. Paxillus; like the species Paxillus involutus.
Entirely cinnamon. P. 7-15 cm., subcompact, convexo-gibbous,
then expanded, moist, rather repand, becoming pale, somewhat silky
when dry. St. 8-16 x 1-5-2 cm., firm, slightly attenuated upwards.
Ring white, membranaceous, narrow, spreading. Gills decurrent,
crowded, broad. Flesh concolorous, compact. Trunks. Sept. — Oct.
Rare.
294. P. dissimulans B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 400, t. 371.
Dissimulans, deceiving.
P. 2-3 cm., lurid, becoming pale, or whitish, campanulate, very
obtuse, at length flattened, scarcely viscid, hygrophanous ; margin
involute. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-4 mm., shining white, thickened down-
wards, fistulose with transverse dissepiments, base cottony. Ring erect,
mostly persistent. Gills pallid clay colour, sinuato-adnate, at length
decurrent. Flesh white, thin. Spores fuscous, elliptical, 7 x 4-4-5/>t.
Sloe and hawthorn sticks. Oct. — Nov. Rare.
122 PHOLIOTA
295. P. sublutea (El. Dan.) Fr. Sub, somewhat; lutea, yellow.
P. 6-7-5 cm., yellow, fleshy, thin, expanded, umbonate, moist,
covered with darker squamules', margin striate when moist. St. 10-
12 x -5-1 cm., yellow, base thickened. Ring narrow, spreading. Gills
cinnamon, decurrent, crowded. Grassy ground. Oct. Rare.
296. P. phalerata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 105, fig. 1. Phalerata, decorated.
P. 5 cm., yellow, covered with superficial, fugacious, pale scales,
fleshy, thin, convex, then plane, obtuse, moist; margin involute,
appendiculate. St. 7—10 cm. x 6 mm., concolorous, base becoming
ferruginous, equal, everywhere fibrillose, or fasciculately squamosely
pilose, adpressedly flocculose above the ring. Ring white, distant, entire,
reflexed. Gills yellow, then cinnamon, adnato-decurrent, 2 mm. broad,
attenuated at the margin. Flesh concolorous. Spores " elliptical,
6—7 x 3— 4/A, smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform-filamentous,
30-36 x 5-6 IJL " Rick. Pine woods, on twigs, pine needles, and the
ground. Rare.
297. P. confragosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 105, figs. 2, 3.
Confragosa, rough.
P. 3—4 cm., brick-red, or cinnamon rufous when moist, tawny when
dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, very obtuse,
densely fiocculoso-furfuraceous, becoming smooth with age. St. 2-5—
7-5 x 2-4 mm., pale ferruginous, fragile, equal, flexuose, or incurved,
fibrillosely peronate with the veil, or naked, striate above the ring. Ring
white, membranaceous, spreading, fibrillose, persistent, or fugacious,
at length reflexed. Gills rufous, or cinnamon rufous, sometimes tinged
with purple, adnate, scarcely decurrent, very thin, crowded, linear,
2 mm. broad, edge under a lens unequal, crenulate. Flesh concolorous,
becoming pale. Spores "ferruginous, elliptic-oblong, 8 x 4jit" Massee.
Subcaespitose. Beech, and fir trunks, and on old fallen elm. Oct.
Uncommon.
298. P. mutabilis (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 402, t. 355.
Mutabilis, changeable.
P. 3-6 cm., cinnamon when moist, becoming pale when dry, hygro-
phanous, slightly fleshy, convex, then flattened, commonly obtusely
umbonate, sometimes depressed, sometimes squamulose when young.
St. 4-8 x -5-1 cm., ferruginous blackish, or umber downwards, paler
upwards, rigid, equal, or attenuated downwards, squarrosely scaly up
to the ring. Ring concolorous, membranaceous, externally squamulose.
Gills pallid, then cinnamon, adnato-decurrent, crowded, rather broad.
Flesh white, tinged brownish under the cuticle of the p. and in tJie st.
Spores deep ochraceous, elliptical, or subglobose, 7-8 x 4-5/i, 1-guttu-
PHOLIOTA 123
late. Cystidia on edge of gill clavate, or cylindrical, flexuose,
obtuse, 23-29 x 4— 5 fj,. Caespitose. Stumps and trunks, especially
Tilia cordata. April — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
299. P. marginata (Batsch) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 403, t. 372.
Marginata, furnished with a border.
P. 2-5 cm., honey coloured when moist, tan when dry, hygrophanous,
slightly fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, margin striate. St.
3-9 cm. x 2-8 mm., concolorous, equal, fibrillose, striate, but becoming
fuscous, and commonly white velvety at the base. Ring pale yellow,
membranaceous, distant, often cortinate and fugacious. Gills pallid,
then darker cinnamon, adnate, crowded, thin, narrow. Flesh con-
colorous, becoming paler. Spores deep ochraceous, fusiform-elliptical,
8-10 x 5jn, 1-2-guttulate, "almost punctate" Rick. Cystidia "ven-
tricose-fusiform, 50-60 x 10-12jU " Rick. On twigs, and on the
ground, especially in coniferous woods. Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
300. P. sororia Karst. Sororia, sisterly.
P. 2-5-4 cm., tawny cinnamon, convex, then expanded, slightly
striate, squamulose. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, then paler,
variegated with white squamules, equal, wavy, apex scurfy. Gills pallid,
then cinnamon, sinuato-adnate, crowded. Spores 6-7 X 3-4 p. On
chips, and twigs. Rare.
301. P. mustelina Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 404, t. 356.
Mustelina, belonging to a weasel.
P. 1-1-5 cm., yellow, ochraceous, slightly fleshy, campanulate, con-
vex. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid, equal, base thickened and white
villose, white mealy above the ring. Ring brown, membranaceous, re-
flexed. Gills tawny cinnamon, adnate, subdistant, edge white, crenulate.
Stumps, especially pine. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
302. P. unicolor (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Unicolor, of one colour.
P. 6-20 mm., bay brown, then ochraceous, hygrophanous, fleshy,
campanulate, then convex, umbonate, at length striate. St. 3-4 cm.
x 2 mm., concolorous, or bistre brown at the base, equal, apex mealy.
Ring yellowish, membranaceous, thin, entire, distant, persistent. Gills
pallid-ochrey, slightly adnexed, ventricose, broad, edge white. Flesh con-
colorous, thin. Spores deep ochraceous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 /^, 1-guttu-
late, "almost punctate. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous, ventri-
cose at base, 50-60 x 8-10/x, apex 5/u, in diam." Rick. Trunks and
branches of larch, and on the ground. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
124 PHOLIOTA. STROPHARIA
III. Growing amongst mosses. Like ringed Galerae, hygrophanous.
303. P. pumila Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 105, fig. 4. Pumila, dwarf.
P. 8-15 mm., ochraceous, somewhat fleshy for its size, campanulate,
then hemispherical, obtuse. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal,
lax. Ring distinct, floccoso-woven in the form of a zone like that of the
Cortinarii. Gills pallid, wholly adnate, at first ascending, then plane, 4—
6 mm. broad, almost triangular, crowded, stopping short of the acute
margin. Flesh concolorous, thin, watery. Spores ferruginous, pip-
shaped, 9 x 4-5jit. Amongst moss in pastures, on twigs, sawdust,
and old walls. Aug. — Jan. Common, (v.v.)
304. P. mycenoides Fr. (= Galera mycenoides (Fr.) Quel.) Boud.
Icon. t. 102. Mycena, the genus Mycena; etSo?, shape.
P. 1-2-5 cm.., ferruginous, disc darker, transparent when moist; be-
coming tawny, or pale when dry, membranaceous, hygrophanous,
striate, campanulate, soon hemispherical, somewhat obtuse. St. 4-
10 cm. x 1-3 mm., tawny ferruginous, darker than the pileus, filiform,
apex furfur aceous, paler, then concolorous. Ring white, membranace-
ous, entire, large, persistent. Gills yellowish, then ferruginous, adnate,
with a small decurrent tooth, subdistant, at length plane. Flesh con-
colorous, darker in the stem. Spores ferruginous, broadly elliptical,
10-11 x 6-7 /A, 1-3-guttulate. Amongst moss in pastures, bogs, and
on lawns. Sept. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
305. P. rufidula Kalchbr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 37, fig. 3. Rufus, red.
P. 6-10 mm., rufous brick-red, clay colour when dry, often becoming
livid round the umbo, somewhat fleshy, convex, then somewhat plane,
disc always depressed, white-fiocculose at the margin from the white
veil, rarely appendiculate. St. 3-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., watery rufescent,
sprinkled with white fugacious fibrils, floccose at the white base. Ring
white, floccose, somewhat persistent, subapical, narrow, spreading,
reflexed. Gills reddish, adnate, then decurrent, linear, branched, of
different lengths, subdistant. Flesh concolorous. Spores ochraceous
ferruginous, "8-10 x 4-6/u.," Massee. Pastures, and lawns. April.
Rare.
Spores purple, or fuscous.
Stropharia Fr.
(<TT/3o^o?, a belt.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring membranaceous, adnate,
persistent, or fugacious. Gills more or less adnate. Spores purple, or
fuscous, rarely blackish, elliptical, elliptic-oblong or pip-shaped,
smooth, with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia variable. Growing on
the ground, on dung, and on wood, sometimes caespitose, sub-
caespitose, or fasciculate.
STROPHARIA 125
A. Pellicle of the p. even, or scaly, most frequently viscid.
*Not growing on dung.
306. S. depilata (Pers.) Fr. Depilata, plucked.
P. 3-12 cm., yellowish-livid, then tan, fleshy, convex, then plane,
obtuse, smooth, viscid. St. 4—15 cm. x 5—13 mm., white, equal,
clothed with white, revolute, squarrose scales below the ring. Ring white,
large, distant. Gills white, then blackish, adnato-decurrent, 3-8 mm.
broad. Flesh white, compact. Spores brownish purple, elliptical,
7-8 x 4-5 /A. Amongst straw refuse, and in pine woods. Nov. Rare.
(v.v.)
307. S. Percevalii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 554, t. 550.
Cecil H. Spencer Perceval.
P. 3-6 cm., ochraceous, fleshy, umbonate, then flattened, slightly
viscid, white floccose here and there especially at the margin, flocci at
length coming off. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 6 mm., pallid upwards, attenuated
upwards from the thickened base, rooting, transversely scaly. Ring
narrow, more or less persistent. Gills white, then somewhat cinereous,
at length pallid umber, adfixed, 8 mm. broad, very distant. Flesh at
length dull umber. Spores fuscous, oblong elliptic, 16-17 x 7/u,. Saw-
dust, and rotten wood. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
308. S. versicolor (With.) Fr. (= Armillaria mellea (Vahl.) Fr. var.
versicolor W. G. Sm.) Versicolor, of various colours.
P. 2'5— 10 cm., becoming greenish brown, fleshy, convexo-plane,
scaly, the scales of the disc crowded. St. 5 cm., as thick as a swan-
quill, whitish fuscous, spongy-stuffed, bulbous. Ring persistent. Gills
pallid, then rufous brown, decurrent. On the ground.
309. S. aeraginosa (Curt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 555, t. 551.
Aeruginosa, full of copper rust.
P. 3-8 cm., verdigris green from the azure blue slime, becoming pale and
yellowish as the slime separates, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then
flattened, subumbonate, obtuse when larger, viscoso-pelliculose, often
covered with white, fugacious squamules. St. 4—10 cm. x 4—12 mm.,
concolorous, equal, viscid, covered with white, fugacious squamules below
the ring, smooth above. Ring whitish above, concolorous on the under-
side, distant, floccose, fugacious. Gills white, then fuscous, at length
somewhat purple, adnate, soft, plane, 4-8 mm. broad, not crowded,
edge often white. Flesh bluish, becoming whitish, not compact, thin
at the margin. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 7-10 x 5)n.
Cystidia "on surface of gill, clavate, often with a short point, 30-
33 x 8-10, contents becoming yellow, on edge of gill filamentous-
126 STBOPHARIA
clavate, 40-75 x 8-10/u," Eick. Smell none, or somewhat strong.
Poisonous. Woods, pastures, heaths, gardens, and thatched roofs.
May — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
310. S. squamulosa Massee. Squamulosa, squamulose.
P. 4-6 cm., very deep verdigris-green, margin whitish, disc becoming
ochraceous with age, fleshy, subglobose, then expanded, and slightly
depressed, margin drooping, often appendiculate with the veil, dry
and silky from the first, soon becoming broken up into adpressed silky
scales. St. 5-7 x 2 cm., paler green than the p., slightly constricted at
the apex, fibrillosely striate, clothed with white patches of the broken
up ring, base white. Gills brown, sinuately adnate, ventricose, rather
broad, crowded, thin, dry. Flesh of p. white, tinged with green in
the St., rather thin. Spores pale brown, elliptic-oblong, 8-9 x 5/x,
obliquely apiculate. Amongst stones, and in woods. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
311. S. albocyanea (Desm.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 556, t. 552.
Albus, white; Kvavos, dark blue.
P. 1—3 cm., verdigris green, becoming whitish, sometimes white and
shining when young, fleshy convex, then plane, viscid with a colourless
gluten, smooth, naked. St. 5-8 cm. x 6—8 mm., whitish, or tinged
green, equal, ascending, or flexuose, fragile, not viscid, smooth,
pruinose about the ring. Ring white, becoming stained fuscous with
the spores, narrow, distant, often incomplete. Gills whitish, becoming
fuscous, sinuato-adnate, 3-4 mm. broad, thin, scarcely crowded.
Flesh white, soft, watery. Spores purple, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/n, with
a large central gutta. Woods, heaths, pastures, and ditches. Aug. —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
312. S. inuncta Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 557, t. 534. Inuncta, anointed.
P. 2-5-5 cm., pallid light yellow, becoming livid-purple with the dense
gluten with which it is at first besmeared, fleshy, convexo-plane, sub-
umbonate, pelliculose, smooth; margin slightly striate. St. 4-7-5 cm.
X 3-4 mm., shining white, equal, very flexuose, often decumbent,
very soft, dry, silky fibrillose below the ring, pruinose above. Ring
white, median, distant, very thin, fugacious. Gills whitish, then fuscous
when bruised, whitish at the sides, adnate, with a decurrent tooth,
6 mm. broad, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thin, soft. Spores fus-
cous purple, elliptical, 8 x 5/i, 1-2-guttulate. Smell and taste often
disagreeable. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. Lundensis Fr. Lundensis, appertaining to Lund, Sweden.
Differs from the type in the campanulate, then expanded p., and the
stuffed st.
STROPHARIA 127
var. Upsaliensis Fr. Upsaliensis, appertaining to Upsala.
Differs from the type in the convex then plane p. being distinctly
umbonate, and in the hollow st. Woods, and pastures. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. pallida B. & Br. Pallida, pallid.
Differs from the type in being very pale.
313. S. coronilla (Bull.) Fr. (= Stropharia melasperma Fr. sec. Quel.)
Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 14, fig. 7. Kopoavrj, a garland.
P. 2-5 cm., ochraceous tawny, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded,
smooth ; margin white fioccose. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-10 mm., white, be-
coming yellowish with age or when touched, equal, attenuated at the
base. Ring white, narrow, median, striate, then violaceous, with the
edge white, sinuato-adnate, crowded. Flesh white, firm. Spores purple,
elliptical, 9-10 x 5^. Cystidia "on surface of gill clavate, 30-40 x 8-
lOju,, on edge of gill filamentous-capitate, 36-45 x 6-10^" Rick.
Taste mild. Heaths, and pastures. May — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
314. S. obturata Fr. (= Stropharia coronilla (Bull.) Fr. sec. Quel.)
Obturata, stopped up.
P. 2-3 cm., light yellow, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, obso-
letely viscid, commonly dry, smooth, often rimosely squamulose. St.
2-5-4 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, firm, attenuated downwards, smooth.
Ring ivhite, superior, deflexed. Gills white, then purple umber, adnate,
plane, crowded. Flesh shining white, thick, compact. Spores purple
brown, 7-9 x 4-6ju,. Pastures. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
315. S. melasperma (Bull.) Quel. non Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 61.
fMe\a<;, black; (nreppa, seed.
P. 3-6 cm., whitish, disc straw coloured, fleshy, convex, then plane
and somewhat depressed, soft, smooth, slightly viscid, soon dry, often
broken up into patches. St. 4—6 cm. x 6-7 mm., white, subequal,
silky fibrillose, becoming smooth, apex striate. Ring white, adnate
to the st., striately sulcate to the middle on the upper-side, smooth on
the under-side, fugacious. Gills whitish, then violaceous cinereous, at
length becoming blackish cinereous, sinuato-adnate, ventricose, crowded.
Flesh of p. white, at length becoming somewhat straw colour in the st.
Spores fuscous, 9-10 x 6/>t. Heaths, pastures, and woods. Aug. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. lutescens Boud. Cke. Illus. no. 558, t. 535, as Stropharia coronilla
Bull. sec. Boud. Lutescens, becoming yellow.
Differs from the type in the yellow p.
128 STROPHABIA
316. S. squamosa (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 560, t. 553.
Squamosa, scaly.
P. 2-7-5 cm., brownish when moist, then becoming ochraceous, disc
tawny, fleshy, hemispherical, then flattened, more frequently obtuse,
or gibbous with an obsolete umbo, viscoso-pelliculose when moist, not
viscid when dry, sprinkled with superficial, fugacious, piloso-fasciculate,
concentric scales. St. 6-12-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid, becoming ferru-
ginous at the base, equal, tough, pulverulent above the ring, either
squarrose withfibrillose reftexed scales, or covered over with dense, strigose
down below the ring. Ring pallid, membranaceous, thin, distant. Gills
cinereous, then blackish, edge white, adnate, ventricose, 10-12 mm.
broad. Flesh pallid, often reddish when moist, thin, watery. Spores
brownish purple, broadly elliptical, often depressed on one side, 14-
15 x 7-8 /i, with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia "on edge of gill, fila-
mentous-clavate, 50-70 x 4-7 /A " Rick. In troops. Woods and
heaths. Sept. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. aurantiaca Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 562, t. 555, as Stropharia thrausta
Kalchbr. var. aurantiaca. Aurantiaca, orange.
Differs from the type in the orange, or brick-red p. Woods. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. thrausta (Kalchbr.) Cke. (= Stropharia luteo-nitens (Fl. Dan.)
Fr. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 15, fig. 2. 6pavw, I break.
Differs from the type in being more slender, and in the p. being soon
denuded of its scales. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
317. S. Worthingtonii Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 563, t. 556.
Worthington G-. Smith, the eminent mycologist.
P. 2-3 cm., yellow, fleshy, campanulate, smooth, viscid?. St. 4—
7 cm. x 1-2 mm., dark blue, flexuose, smooth. Ring incomplete, dis-
tant. Gills brown cinnamon, adnate, broad. Flesh of p. pale sulphur
yellow, pale bright blue in the St., thin. Spores brown, elliptical,
7 x 4/Li. Pastures and woods. Nov. — Dec. Uncommon.
**Growing on dung. Ring often incomplete.
318. 8. luteo-nitens (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Luteus, yellow; nitens, shining.
P. 2-5-5 cm., yellow, fleshy, conico-hemispherical, umbonate, smooth,
covered with pallid, superficial, fugacious squamules towards the margin,
viscid when moist, shining when dry. St. 5 cm. x 4 mm., pallid, equal,
somewhat firm, minutely silky fibrillose, apex pruinose. Ring white,
distant, membranaceous, entire, spreading. Gills cinereous, becoming
blackish, subadnate, truly ventricose, broad, plane. Flesh white, thin.
Spores "at first violet, then olive yellow under the microscope, elliptical,
STROPHARIA 129
15-19 x 9-1 1/i. Cystidia only on the edge of the gill filamentous-
capitate, 25-27 x 3-6 fj," Rick. On dung in pastures. Sept. Un-
common.
319. S. merdaria Fr. (= Psilocybe merdaria (Fr.) Rick.) Cke. Illus.
no. 565, t. 537. Merdaria, of dung.
P. 2-5 cm., somewhat cinnamon when moist, then yellow, and at
length ochraceous, fleshy, obtusely campanulate, then convexo-plane,
gibbous, smooth, pelliculose, moist, hygrophanous, slightly viscid; mar-
gin thin, deflexed, even, at length somewhat striate. St. 5—7*5 cm.
x 4-6 mm., straw white, tough, equal, subflexuose, stuffed with a pith,
flocculosely villous, and slightly silky, dry, apex striate, base white
villous. Ring concolorous, incomplete, torn, for the most part com-
monly adhering to the margin of the p. Gills pallid, somewhat isabelline,
at length brown fuscous, adnato-decurrent, plane, 6 mm. broad, very
broad behind, somewhat crowded, soft, edge white. Flesh whitish,
thick at the disc, sometimes fuscous in the st. when old. Spores black
fuscous, broadly elliptical, 13-15 x 8-9 /A, with a large central gutta,
and flattened germ-pore. Cystidia "on edge of gill cylindrical-fila-
mentous, 25-30 x 3-5 jit" Rick. Gregarious, or subcaespitose. On
horse dung. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. major Fr. (= Stropharia ventricosa Massee.) Fr. Icon. t. 130,
fig. 3. Major, larger.
Differs from the type in its much larger size and in the ventricose,
rooting st. On horse dung. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
320. S. stercoraria Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 566, t. 538.
Stercoraria, of dung.
P. 2-3 cm., yellow, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse,
orbicular, pelliculoso-viscid, smooth; margin sometimes striate. St.
7-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., yellow, equal, stuffed with a separable, fibrous
pith, clothed below the ring with the viscid flocculose veil so that it
appears as if smooth. Ring viscid, distant, thin, narrow, spreading,
floccose. Gills white, then umber fuscous, or olivaceous fuscous, adnate,
4-8 mm. broad, very broad behind, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid,
thin at the margin. Spores fuscous purple, oblong elliptical, 18-
20 x 8-lOju,, with a flattened germ-pore. Cystidia "lanceolate, 50-
70 x 12-18/x " Rick. Quelet says that the st. often rises from a
sclerotium. Dry dung. Pastures. May — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
321. S. semiglobata (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 567, t. 539.
Semiglobata, hemispherical.
P. 1-3 cm., light yellow, fleshy, hemispherical, very obtuse, smooth,
viscid. St. 6-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., becoming yellow, apex paler, equal,
tense and straight, smooth, smeared with the glutinous veil. Ring viscid,
130 STROPHARIA
incomplete, distant, thin. Gills clouded with black, adnate, very broad,
8-10 mm., plane. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores fuscous purple, ellip-
tical, 15-17 x 9-10/A. Cystidia only on edge of gill, filamentous, apex
obtuse, 5-6/i in diam., base ventricose, 50-60 x 7-1 1/i. On dung,
especially horse. Woods, and pastures. April — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
B. P. without a pellicle, but innato-fibrillose, not viscid.
322. S. caput-Medusae Fr. (= Hypholoma caput-Medusae (Fr.) Rick.)
Cke. Illus. no. 568, t. 540.
Caput, head; Medusa, a monster with snakes instead of hair.
P. 3-7-5 cm., disc umber, paler, somewhat tan colour towards the
margin, fleshy, ovate, then convexo-expanded, obtuse, or obtusely
umbonate, dry, when young very densely, scaly-squarrose with the fuscous
veil, soon becoming smooth especially at the disc, which becomes
rimosely warty, or granulose; margin thin, splitting. St. 5-12 x 1-
1-5 cm., whitish, equally attenuated upwards, somewhat fragile,
covered below the ring with fuscous, crowded, imbricate, squarrose scales,
white mealy above. Ring white, superior, membranaceous, pendulous,
margin very much swollen, floccose, fuscous. Gills clay white, then pale
umber, fuscous spotted in appearance, adnate, ventricose, lanceolate,
or semiovate, 4-6 mm. broad, not very crowded, fragile. Flesh pallid,
thick at the disc. Spores fuscous purple, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 4/z,
1-guttulate. Cystidia " vesiculose-flask-shaped, 45-60 x 12-20 p,
rounded above" Rick. Subcaespitose, or fasciculate. On and near
pine stumps. Sept. — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
323. S. scobinacea Fr. (= Stropharia versicolor (With.) Quel., Hypho-
loma scobinacea (Fr.) Rick.) Cke. Illus. no. 1179, t. 1189.
Scobinacea, powdered.
P. 3-5 cm., fuscous, disc livid, becoming yellow, circumference grey-
violaceous, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, gibbous, slightly sul-
cate, covered with crowded, adpressed, separating, fugacious, blackish
squamules. St. 6-9 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, attenuated from the
thickened base, fragile, fibrillose, apex mealy. Ring white, superior,
fugacious. Gills whitish flesh colour, then purple, adnate, crowded,
crenulated. Flesh whitish, pinkish when exposed to the air, thin.
Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 7-8 x 3/u,. Caespitose. On and
near stumps, especially ash. April — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
S. cotonea Quel. = Hypholoma lacrymabundum Fr.
324. S. Battarrae Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 22, fig. 4, as Stropharia
aculeata Quel.
J. A. Battarra, author of Fungorum Agri Ariminensis Historia.
P. 5—7 cm., whitish, grey, fuscous, or olivaceous, fleshy, hemispherical,
then plane, obtuse, covered with darker, adpressed, fibrillose scales,
STROPHARIA 131
which are erect on the disc; margin appendiculate with the partial veil.
St. 2-5-5 cm. x 5-6 mm., whitish, incurved, thickened at the base,
covered below the ring with imbricate, erect, fibrillose, fuscous, or olivace-
ous scales, which often become rufescent, apex proinose. Ring white,
membranaceous, thin, fugacious. Gills white, then rosy, and at length
fuscous, sinuato-adnate, crowded, edge white. Flesh white, thin,
fragile. Spores "brownish purple, elliptical, lOju," Quel. Poplars,
and poplar stumps. Rare.
325. S. Jerdonii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 569, t. 541. A. Jerdon.
P. 4—5 cm., ochraceous, brown when dry, fleshy, campanulate, obtuse,
with a broad umbo, minutely rivulose, adorned with superficial, fuga-
cious, white scales; cuticle not peeling off. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-6 mm.,
snow white, cylindrical, apex pulverulent, brownish with silky trans-
verse scales below. Ring superior, deflexed. Gills pallid, then brown,
adnate, sending a line down the st. but not truly decurrent, trans-
versely striate. Flesh white, brownish towards the base of the st., thick
at the disc. Spores dark brown, " 10 x 5/>t" Massee. Caespitose. Fir
stumps. Sept. — Nov. Rare.
326. S. spintrigera Fr. (= Hypholoma appendiculatum Bull. sec.
Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 132, fig. 1.
Spinther, a bracelet; gero, I wear.
P. 2—10 cm., brownish, or pinkish tan, becoming pale, fleshy, fragile,
ovate, then expanded, smooth, soft. St. 5-15 cm. x 4-10 mm.,
shining white, equal, or slightly ventricose, base often subbulbous,
floccosely squamose, or fibrillose, apex naked. Ring white, very distant,
thin, fugacious. Gills brownish fuscous, adnate, linear, 2-8 mm. wide,
joined behind, subdeliquescent. Flesh white, thin, almost none at the
margin. Spores fuscous cinereous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/u,. Caespitose.
On trunks and stumps. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
327. S. punctulata (Kalchbr.) Fr. (= Flammula gummosa (Lasch)
Fr. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. 1. 14, fig. 2, as Pholiota punctulata
Kalchbr. Punctulata, minutely dotted.
P. 2-5-3 cm., pallid, tinged slightly yellowish or fuscous, fleshy, con-
vex, obtuse, disc somewhat depressed, dry, minutely squamulosely
punctate from the veil, at length smooth; margin involute. St. 2-5-
5cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid, equal, or bulbous at the base, clothed below
the ring with fibrillose, punctiform squamules, smooth above. Ring
superior, or subapical, thin, formed of the fibrils of the veil brought
together in a zone, fugacious. Gills pallid, then pale umber, sinuato-
adnate, decurrent with a tooth, 4—6 mm. broad. Flesh becoming pale
fuscous, tawny at the base of the st., thin. Spores fuscous. On buried
chips. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
132 STROPHARIA. CORTINABIUS
328. S. hypsipus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 132, fig. 2. vtyl-Trovs, high-footed.
P. 5-9 cm., livid fuscous when moist, pallid tan when dry, somewhat
fleshy, campanulate, then convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, hygrophan-
ous', margin somewhat striate when moist. St. 7—15 cm. x 4-8 mm.,
white, fragile, equal, smooth. Ring white, membranaceous, median,
distant, persistent. Gills white, then fuscous, adnate, at length sepa-
rating, subdistant. Flesh white, very thin. Spores "brown, elliptical,
12-14 x 6-7 fj," Massee. Damp places amongst grass, sometimes on
twigs. Oct. Rare.
329. S. cothurnata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 132, fig. 3.
KoBopvos, a high hunting boot.
P. 1—2-5 cm., white, submembranaceous, convex, then plane, obtuse,
smooth, silky smooth under a lens. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white,
equal, sof t, fioccosely villose below the ring, smooth above. Ring white,
median, narrow. Gills white, becoming fuscous, adnexed, ventricose,
crowded. Flesh watery white, thin at the disc. Shady fir woods.
Rare.
S. lacrimabunda (Bull.) Quel. = Hypholoma velutinum (Pers.) Fr.
S. pyrotricha (Holmsk.) Quel. = Hypholoma pyrotrichum (Holmsk.)
Fr.
**With an arachnoid or filamentous general veil.
1. Veil forming an arachnoid, fugacious ring on the stem.
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous.
Cortinarius FT.
(Cortina, a veil.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Veil arachnoid, distinct from the pellicle of
the pileus, viscid, or dry. Stem central. Gills adnate, sinuate, sinu-
ato-adnate, or decurrent, pulverulent with the spores at maturity.
Spores ochraceous, citron yellow, golden, clay colour, cinnamon,
ferruginous, tawny, or fuscous; oval, elliptical, pip-shaped, oblong
elliptical, almond-shaped, or fusiform; smooth, verrucose, granular,
aculeolate, or echinulate, continuous. Cystidia none on the surface
of the gills (except 333), rarely on the edge. Growing on the ground,
solitary, caespitose, or subcaespitose.
1. Phlegmacinm Fr.
(<j>\eyna, phlegm.)
Veil viscid on the pileus, arachnoid, dry on the stem.
CORTINARIUS 133
I. Partial veil superior, pendulous from the apex of the
clavate, or subequal stem as an imperfect ring.
*Gills pallid, then clay colour.
330. C. (Phleg.) triumphans Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 682, t. 692.
Triumphans, triumphal.
P. 6-12 cm., yellow with a tinge of brown or ochraceous when moist,
yellow when dry, disc sometimes variegated with minute, adpressed,
spot-like scales, margin brighter coloured, fleshy, convexo-plane, ob-
tuse. St. 6-17 x 1-2-5 cm., yellowish white, adorned with tawny scales
arranged in many circles, or rings, firm, attenuated upwards from the
ovato-bulbous base, striate; partial veil superior, woven, somewhat
ringed. Gills whitish, or inclining to very pale bluish grey, then clay
colour, and somewhat cinnamon, emarginate, crowded, 6 mm. broad;
edge toothed, white. Flesh whitish. Spores brown, punctate, elliptical,
9-10 x 4-5/A, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Woods, heaths, and commons,
generally under birches. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
331. C. (Phleg.) claricolor Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 141, fig. 2.
Clarus, bright; color, colour.
P. 7-12 cm., yellow, fleshy, convexo-plane, then depressed, veiled
with superficial, silky-pruinose, villose down, at first everywhere, soon
only round the margin, then smooth, and for the most part broken up
into scales. St. 7-9 x 1-5-2 cm., white, or yellow, hard, clothed up to
the superior cortina with fugacious, white, scaly flocci, or lax down,
either short and bulbous, or elongated and conico-attenuated, or
cylindrical. Gills whitish, then clay colour, emarginate, almost free,
or adnate, crowded, edge toothed. Flesh white, compact. Spores brown,
punctate, pip-shaped, 10-11 x 6-7 p. Taste pleasant. Woods, and
heaths, under birches and conifers. Aug. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
332. C. (Phleg.) turmalis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 684, t. 694.
Turmalis, belonging to a troop.
P. 5-9 cm., yellow-tan, disc often darker, compact, convex, then
plane, very obtuse, when young veiled with pruinate, very fugacious,
villose down, soon smooth, sometimes obsoletely piloso-virgate. St.
7-15 x 2-5 cm., shining white when dry, very hard, rigid, cylindrical,
attenuated at the base, when young sheathed with a fugacious, white,
woolly veil. Cortina entirely fibrillose, superior and persistent in the
form of a ring, at length ferruginous with the spores. Gills white, then
clay colour, adnexed, rounded, or emarginate, even decurrent with a
tooth, crowded, serrated. Flesh white, soft. Spores ferruginous, palish
fuscous under the microscope, elliptical, 8-9 x 5/z. Densely caespitose.
Mixed woods, and especially amongst beech leaves. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon.
134 COBTINARIUS
333. C. (Phleg.) crassus Fr. (= Hebeloma crassum (Fr.) Eick.) Fr. Icon,
t. 142, fig. 1. Crassus, thick.
P. 6-12 cm., dirty yellow, opaque, very fleshy, convexo-plane, very
obtuse, disc depressed, somewhat viscid, the circumference broken up
into innate fibrils. St. 5 x 2-5 cm., whitish, either truly bulbous, or
stout and equal, fibrillose, apex white-mealy, base often white-tomen-
tose. Cortina very delicate, fugacious. Gills pallid-clay colour, then
clay colour, rounded behind, crowded, 6 mm. broad. Flesh becoming
pallid, pouring out a watery juice when the stem is compressed.
Spores "brownish, pale yellow under the microscope, punctate, sub-
fusiform, 6-7 x 4ju. Cystidia very abundant, both on the surface
and edge of the gill, cylindrical-fusiform, 40-75 x 6-9 /x," Eick.
Smell strong. Moist woods, and grassy places. Aug. — Oct.
Uncommon.
334. C. (Phleg.) balteatus Fr. (= Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) nemo-
rensis Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 142, fig. 2.
Balteatus, girdled.
P. 7-10 cm., disc tawny-fuliginous, or date colour, beautiful violet, or
lilac near the floccose margin (but this colour often disappears with
age, or when the plant is dry), compact, flattened, very obtuse, disc
depressed, often unequal, shining when dry, innately floccose, fibrillose,
and shining towards the margin. St. 4-6 x 2-5-3 cm., whitish, stout,
very compact, equal, or ovately bulbous, minutely velvety, and dingy
above the fibrillose, adpressed, rusty veil, longitudinally striate, or
reticulate below, but sometimes white tomentose. Gills pallid, then
somewhat tan colour, emarginate, or rounded behind, or subde-
current, rather crowded. Flesh white, compact. Spores ferruginous,
pip-shaped, 8-10 x 4-5/i, multi-guttulate. Mixed woods, and
amongst pine needles in pine woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
335. C. (Phleg.) sebaceus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 103.
Sebum, tallow.
P. 5—12 cm., whitish ochraceous, or deep ochraceous, convex, then
campanulate, umbonate disc flattened, at first covered over with a
whitish pruinose lustre ; margin appendiculate with the remains of the
cortina. St. 7-18 x 1-2-5 cm., concolorous, or paler, stout, compact,
often twisted and compressed, fusiform towards the fibrillose base.
Cortina white, delicate, fugacious. Gills white, then cinnamon, paler
near the margin, emarginate, adnate, connected by veins, 8 mm. wide,
not crowded. Flesh white. Spores golden yellow, attenuated at the
one end, oblong, 12-15 x 5-6/i,, multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant.
Mixed woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
CORTINARIUS 135
336. C. (Phleg.) lustratus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 688, t. 799.
Lustratus, purified.
Entirely whitish. P. 2-5-5 cm., equally fleshy, convex, then ex-
panded, very obtuse. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 8-10 mm., equal, rarely attenu-
ated at the base, covered with a few fibrils of the white cortina. Gills
becoming slightly discoloured, rounded behind, almost free, very
crowded, narrow. Flesh white, thick. Spores ochraceous. Amongst
grass in sunny places. Oct. Rare.
**Gills violaceous, or purplish, then cinnamon.
337. C. (Phleg.) crocolitus Quel. Grevillea, t. 127, fig. 1.
Kpotcos, saffron; litus, daubed.
P. 10 cm., bright yellow, disc sprinkled with tender, saffron fiocci,
convex. St. 6-10 x 1 cm., white, then citron yellow, fragile, swollen
at the base, fibrillose, apex silky, adorned with scales, or woolly zones
below the membranaceous, very fragile ring. Cortina white, fugacious.
Gills whitish lilac, then nankeen yellow, uncinate, uneven, edge white.
Flesh white, then citron yellow, soft. Spores "citron yellow, granular,
pruniform, 11-12 x 5-6 p" Bat. Taste becoming bitter. Woods,
especially birch. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
338. C. (Phleg.) varius (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 689, t. 698.
Varius, changeable.
P. 5-9 cm., bright ferruginous-tawny, or yellow tawny, compact,
hemispherico-flattened, very obtuse; margin thin, at first incurved,
appendiculate with the cortina. St. 4—8 x 2-3 cm., shining white,
compact, adpressedly flocculose, the superior veil pendulous, base
bulbous. Cortina white, silky. Gills violaceous-purplish, then ochraceous-
cinnamon with the edge violaceous, emarginate, thin, somewhat crowded.
Flesh white, firm. Spores ferruginous, warted, broadly elliptical,
8-10 x 6-8ju,, often apiculate at one end. Woods. Sept.— Nov. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
339. C. (Phleg.) cyanopus (Seer.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 690, t. 699.
KVCLVOS, dark blue; TTOU?, a foot.
P. 5-8 cm., date-brown-livid, then tan, and opaque, fleshy when un-
folded, flattened, obtuse, regular, dry in fine weather. St. 5-10 x 1-
2 cm., violaceous, becoming whitish, the apex remaining violaceous, firm,
ventricose, base bulbous. Gills intensely violaceous, or pallid bluish-
grey, soon becoming cinnamon, adnate, then emarginate, broad, 6-
10 mm. wide, not much crowded. Flesh violaceous at the apex of the
stem, whitish elsewhere. Spores ferruginous, punctate, pip-shaped,
9-10 x 5-6 jLt. Woods and under oaks. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
136 CORTINARITTS
340. C. (Phleg.) variecolor (Pers.) Fr. Varie, diversely; color, colour.
P. 8-15 cm., date-brown, then fulvous-reddish, disc darker, the tomen-
tose margin violet, rarely entirely violet, convex, then expanded, obtuse.
St. 5-8 x 2-5-3 cm., white with the apex becoming blue, or blue becoming
whitish, hard, stout, base bulbous, diffused upwards into the p., at
first villose, then fiocculose. Gills blue, then clay-cinnamon, emarginate,
decurrent, somewhat arcuate, thin, 12 mm. wide, margin crenulate.
Flesh violaceous, becoming whitish. Spores ferruginous, "almond-
shaped, 15-18 x 8-9 /A, warted-rough" Rick. Smell and taste pleasant.
Edible. Pine woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. nemorensis Fr. (= Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) balteatus Fr. sec.
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 692, t. 863.
Nemorensis, belonging to a wood.
P. 10-12-5 cm., bay-brown, then yellowish, margin violet, smooth,
slightly viscid at first, soon dry, opaque, pilosely rivulose. St. 7-5 x
2-5 cm., bluish, becoming white, obclavate, not bulbous, nor villose, apex
mealy. Gills rounded, subdecurrent. Flesh white, bluish at the peri-
phery. Beech woods. Sept. — Oct. (v.v.)
341. C. (Phleg.) largus Fr. Largus, large.
P. 5-15 cm., sometimes violet when young, date-brown-tawny, fleshy,
compact at the disc, thin at the circumference, convexo-flattened,
very obtuse, only slightly viscid, adpressedly silky-fibrillose when dry,
commonly rivuloso-squamulose, sometimes fibrillose towards the
margin. St. 6-13 x 2-3 cm., white, tinted violaceous, equal, often
curved and ascending, wholly fibrillose, apex pruinose. Cortina white,
silky, thick, superior, pendulous. Gills bluish-grey-clay-colour, then
cinnamon, adnate, or emarginate, crowded, 10-14 mm. broad,
minutely denticulate. Flesh whitish-bluish-grey, becoming white when
exposed to the air, that of the stem sometimes becoming bloody when
bruised, wholly fibrous, firm. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 10-
11 x 5-6/x, "rough" Rick. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Caes-
pitose. Deciduous and pine woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
342. C. (Phleg.) Riederi (Weinm.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 694, t. 702.
M. Rieder, of Petrograd.
P. 5-7-5 cm., ochraceous, compact, campanulate, then expanded,
umbonate, glutinous, shining when dry. St. 5-12-5 cm. x 5-12 mm.,
white, apex violaceous, or lilac, tawny fibrillose, clavate. Gills lilac, then
cinnamon, adnate, rather thick, crowded. Flesh greyish- white, be-
coming yellow under the cuticle. Spores ferruginous, "warted, almond-
shaped, 15-17 x 8-10/Lt " Rick. Pine woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
CORTINARIUS 137
***Gills yellow, cinnamon, or ferruginous.
343. C. (Phleg.) percomis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 143, fig. 2.
Percomis, very friendly.
P. 5-7 cm., pale yellow, truly fleshy, compact, convex, obtuse. St.
6-8 x 1-2 cm., sulphur yellow, compact, firm, fusiform, or davate,
fibrillose, apex pruinose. Cortina citron yellow. Gills sulphur yellow,
becoming fulvous, broadly emarginate, crowded, 4-6 mm. wide. Flesh
sulphur yellow, compact. Spores ferruginous in the mass, broadly
elliptical, 12-14 x 8-9 /x, " warted-punctate " Rick. Smell pleasant,
"like lavender" Quel, "like toilet vinegar" Peltereau. Taste pleasant.
Edible. Pine woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
344. C. (Phleg.) latus (Pers.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 162.
Latus, broad.
P. 6-10 cm., tan colour, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then expanded,
obtuse, slightly viscid, soon dry, fibrillose, then glabrous. St. 5-
7 x 1-5-2 cm., white, equal, base ovately bulbous, rarely emargi-
nately bulbous, somewhat squamose, then fibrillose. Cortina white,
superior, forming a ring, fugacious. Gills pallid, then clay cinnamon,
emarginate, 6 mm. broad, crowded, distantly dentate. Flesh white.
Spores ochraceous, punctate, minutely rough, oblong elliptical, 10-
13 x 6-7 /i. Taste pleasant. Gregarious, or subcaespitose. Coniferous
woods. Oct. Rare.
345. C. (Phleg.) saginus Fr. Saginus, fattened.
P. 10-12-5 cm., yellow, fleshy, plano-convex, irregular, repand. St.
7-5 x 2-5-3 cm., light yellowish, somewhat bulbous, fibrillose, apex
naked. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious, not very conspicuous. Gills
dingy-pallid, then cinnamon, truly decurrent, 8-10 mm. broad, attenu-
ated at both ends, edge eroded. Flesh white, soft. Spores "pale
yellow under the microscope, almond-shaped, 10-11 x 6-6-5 /n,
warted-punctate" Rick. Gregarious, subcaespitose. Mountainous
fir woods. Oct. Rare.
346. C. (Phleg.) russus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 696, t. 751. Russus, red.
P. 6-10 cm., unicolorous, rufous, fleshy, convex, then flattened, ob-
tuse, innately fibrillose round the margin. St. 7-5 x 1-5-2 cm., pale
white, attenuated upwards, often curved-ascending, soft, adpressedly
fibrillose, apex delicately pruinose. Cortina concolorous, very tender,
fugacious. Gills rufous-ferruginous, obtusely adnate, 8-10 mm. broad,
crowded, connected by veins. Flesh whitish- flesh-colour, violaceous
under the cuticle. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8-12 x 5-7 /z, " warted-
punctate " Rick. Taste bitter, nauseous. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
138 COBTINABITJS
****Gills olivaceous.
347. C. (Phleg.) infractus (Pers.) Fr. (= Cortinarius (Phlegmacium)
anfractus Fr. sec, Quelet et Bresadola.) Bres. Fung. Trid. 1. 163.
Infractus, broken.
P. 5-10 cm., olivaceous-fuliginous, becoming fulvous, fleshy, convex,
then plane, streaked, often fuscous zoned near the undulate, broken
margin. St. 3-7 x 1-3 cm., concolorous, ovato-clavate, or elongate
and bulbous, adpressedly fibrillose, apex often violaceous. Gills oliva-
ceous-fuliginous, then umber, crowded, or somewhat distant, broad,
undulate, crisped. Flesh yellowish white, somewhat violaceous at the
apex of the stem. Spores ferruginous in the mass, somewhat ochraceous
under the microscope, subglobose, or broadly elliptical, 6-9 x 4-6 /z,,
verrucose. Smell somewhat nauseous. Taste bitter. Woods. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
348. C. (Phleg.) praestans (Cordier) Sacc. (= Cortinarius (Phlegma-
cium) anfractus Fr. sec. Berk., Cortinarius (Phlegmacium)
Berkeleyi Cke., Cortinarius torvus Fr. sec. Kalchbr. and Quel.)
Boud. Icon. t. 116, as Cortinarius torvus Fr. var. Berkeleyi Cke.
Praestans, pre-eminent.
P. 7 -5-20 cm.., fuliginous, or brown, disc darker, often with a tinge of
violet at the margin, at first inclosed in a whitish volva which breaks up
in patches on the disc, convex, then expanded, shining when dry, very
fleshy, sometimes radiately silky, becoming paler and rivulose with age.
St. 10-20 x 3-6 cm., white, covered with the general veil, which is at first
violaceous, then pale, often remaining appendiculate at the margin of
the pileus, finally becoming ochraceous when old, base bulbous. Gills
dingy olive, then cinnamon, adnate, slightly emarginate, broad, scarcely
distant. Flesh pale ochraceous, darker under the pellicle of the pileus.
Spores yellow-brown, fusiform, minutely verrucose, 15-16 x 8-9 /M.
Forming large circles in woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
II. Bulb depressed, or turbinate, marginate. St. fleshy, fibrous;
cortina commonly inferior, arising from the margin of the bulb.
P. equally fleshy. Gills somewhat sinuate.
*Gills whitish, then clay-coloured, or pale cinnamon.
349. C. (Phleg.) multiformis Fr. (= Cortinarius rapaceus Fr. sec.
Quel., Cortinarius talus Fr. sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 104.
Multiformis, many shaped.
P. 4—7 cm., unicolorous, light yellow, clay yellow, tawny, etc., fleshy,
convex, then flattened, very obtuse, at length depressed, very viscid,
or somewhat dry, and sprinkled with the universal white veil. St.
5-12 x 1-1-5 cm., white, then yellowish, equal, or attenuated upwards,
COBTINARIUS 139
often adpressedly fibrillose, with a somewhat marginate bulb. Cortina
white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills whitish, often tinged with violet, then
clay colour, emarginate, free, or with a small decurrent tooth, very
thin, crowded, edge serrulate. Flesh white, becoming yellowish at the
base of the stem. Spores ochraceous-tawny, verrucose, elliptical,
10 x 6/1,. Taste mild. Woods, especially beech. Aug. — Nov. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
var. flavescens (Cke.). Cke. Illus. no. 702, t. 709.
Flavescens, becoming yellow.
Differs from the type in the yellow gills, and yellowish flesh.
350. C. (Phleg.) napus (Fr.). Cke. Illus. no. 703, t. 710.
Napus, turnip.
P. 5—8 cm.., fuliginous, then date-brown-tawny, fleshy, convexo-plane,
obtuse, glutinous, margin abruptly bent inwards. St. 5 x 1-2 cm.,
white, at length becoming yellow at the base, equal, ascending, firm,
inserted in an obconic, acutely and obliquely marginate bulb. Gills
whitish-fuliginous, emarginate, somewhat distant, broad, crisped. Flesh
white, with a horny line at the base of the gills. Spores brownish, ellip-
tical, 10 x 5/Lt. Pine woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
351. C. (Phleg.) allutus (Seer.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 704, t. 752.
Allutus, washed.
P. 2-3 cm., rufescent, fleshy, conical, then convex, finally expanded,
and sometimes depressed, margin darker. St. 2-3 cm. x 3-4 mm.,
white, striate with reddish lines below, equal, apex mealy, viscid, base
marginately bulbous. Gills whitish, then rufescent, adnate, rather
crowded, edge crenulate. Flesh rufescent, thin. Pine woods. Oct.
Rare.
352. C. (Phleg.) talus Fr. (= Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) multiformis
Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 145, fig. 2. Talus, the ankle bone.
P. 4-8 cm. , of a yellowish dirty colour, becoming pale, margin somewhat
olivaceous, yellowish, fleshy, thin, convexo-plane. St. 7'5 cm. x 12mm.,
pale, equal, cylindrical, base marginato-bulbous. Gills beautiful straw
colour, or ochrey-pallid, emarginate, somewhat crowded. Flesh dingy
pallid whitish, watery, with hyaline spots, and variegated with a horny
line next the gills. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5 /A, 1-2-
guttulate. Woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**Gills violaceous, dark blue or purplish, at length cinnamon.
353. C. (Phleg.) glaucopus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 706, t. 712.
7\au/co9, pale blue; TTOVS, a foot.
P. 6-12 cm., dingy yellow, tan-tawny, or clay colour, very fleshy,
compact, convex, then flattened, somewhat repand, often fioccoso-scaly
140 CORTINABIUS
and marked with a raised fuscous zone round the split margin. St.
6-8 x 1—2 cm., pale azure-blue, becoming yellowish, firm, fibrillose,
striate, base marginately bulbous. Gills azure-blue, then cinnamon,
rounded behind, emarginate, crowded, sometimes crisped. Flesh
white, or bluish, becoming yellowish. Spores ferruginous, minutely
verrucose, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/x, with a hyaline apiculus at
the one end. Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
354. C. (Phleg.) calochrous (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 707, t. 713.
Ka\6<:, beautiful; %p&>9, colour.
P. 4-8 cm., tawny, yellow round the margin, compact, convex, then
plane, obtuse, guttate, often stained with soil; margin involute,
flexuose when expanded. St. 4-6 x 1-5-3 cm., yellowish, firm, equal,
fibrillose, marginately bulbous, bulb very depressed. Cortina yellow
("amethyst" Quelet), marginal, fugacious. Gills dark blue-purple,
then ferruginous, emarginate, crowded, serrated. Flesh white, firm.
Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10-11 x 6-7 /x, minutely punctate.
Smell sometimes foetid. Taste mild, sometimes acrid. Pastures, and
woods, especially beech. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
355. C. (Phleg.) caerulescens Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 709, t. 722.
Caerulescens, becoming azure.
P. 5-7 cm., blue-violaceous, becoming tinged with ochre especially on
the disc, sometimes entirely yellow ochraceous, convex, then convexo-
plane, sometimes finally a little depressed at the disc, fleshy, pellicle
separable; margin incurved, pubescent, white, then expanded and vio-
laceous. St. 4-6 x 1-1-5 cm., blue-violaceous, or violet-amethyst, cylin-
drical, conical, fibrillosely silky, then becoming smooth, marginately
bulbous, bulb white. Cortina violaceous. General veil fibrillose, viola-
ceous, fugacious, little distinct from the cortina. Gills violet-amethyst, or
blue-violaceous, becoming rust colour, edge remaining violet for a long
time, broadly adnate, deeply emarginate, attenuated in front, rounded
behind, wide, somewhat crowded. Flesh pale blue-violaceous, especially
in the stem and under the pellicle of the p., becoming whitish, finally
tinged with ochre where wounded. Spores ferruginous in the mass,
yellow ochraceous under the microscope, elliptical, or somewhat
almond-shaped, 12-14 x 7-5/u, or 6-6-5 x 5/z, compressed on the side,
verrucose. Taste sweet, or slightly bitter. Woods, especially beech,
and fir. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
356. C. (Phleg.) caesiocyaneus Britz. Cke. Illus. no. 708, t. 721, as
Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) caerulescens Fr.
Caesius, bluish grey; icvavos, dark blue.
P. 5-10 cm., pale blue-violaceous, more or less washed with yellow
ochre at the centre, fleshy, convex, then convexo-plane, more or less
CORTINABIUS 141
radially streaked with innate fibrils, sometimes marked with loose,
white patches, the remains of the volva. St. 5-8 cm. x 12-15 mm.,
bluish, then becoming pale, and finally whitish, attenuated upwards from
the distinctly marginate, bulbous base, fibrillose; bulb white from the
first, the margin often forming a ledge, or sheath. Cortina bluish,
fugacious. Gills whitish, then bluish white, and finally clay colour and
rust colour, narrowly adnate, slightly sinuate, or emarginate, thin,
crowded, somewhat narrow. Flesh yellowish, whitish in the bulb, bluish
in the stem. Spores ferruginous in the mass, yellowish brown under
the microscope, almond-shaped, 10-12-5 x 5-6 /A (" 8-10 x 4-5 /A "
Britz.), verrucose. Smell faint, like that of Cortinarius purpurascens.
Taste pleasant. Fir woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
357. C. (Phleg.) purpurascens Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 710, t. 723.
Purpurascens, becoming purple.
P. 6-15 cm., bay brown, or date brown olivaceous, then tawny olivace-
ous, fleshy, convex, obtuse, glutinous, opaque when dry, tiger-spotted,
often depressed round the margin which is at first inflexed, then
repand, and marked with a raised, violet fuscous zone. St. 5-9 x 1-5—
3 cm., intensely pallid azure-blue, darker when touched, fibrillose, base
bulbous, somewhat marginate. Gills azure-blue-clay, then cinnamon,
violaceous purple when bruised, broadly emarginate, 6-12 mm. wide,
crowded. Flesh azure-blue. Spores ferruginous, rough, elliptical,
9-11 x 5/Ji. Woods, and heaths. Sept. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. subpurpurascens Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 712, t. 725.
Subpurpurascens, becoming somewhat purple.
Differs from the type in the thinner, somewhat virgate p., becoming
pale, in the somewhat equal, bluish white, somewhat marginately bulbous
stem only fibrillose at the base, in the pallid, then cinnamon gills be-
coming somewhat purplish when rubbed, and in the flesh in young
specimens becoming purplish when broken, and finally white. Woods.
Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
*** Gills ferruginous, tawny, or yellow.
358. C. (Phleg.) dibaphus Fr. Saund. & Sin. t. 10.
St-/3a(£o9, twice dyed.
P. 5-10 cm., purplish, disc yellowish, and at length variegated with
lilac, fleshy, convex, then plane, at length depressed, somewhat re-
pand. St. 6-9 x 1-3 cm., yellow, shining purplish at the apex, fibril-
lose, base marginato-bulbous. Gills purplish-ferruginous, adnate,
slightly rounded, somewhat crowded, broad ("margin lilac" Quel.).
Flesh white, then yellow, variegated under the pellicle with a violet line.
Spores purplish brown, pip-shaped, 12-14 x 7-8/u, verrucose. Smell
and taste mild. Beech, and oak woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon,
142 CORTTNARITJS
var. xanthophyllus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 713, t. 753.
fai>#o5, yellow; <f>v\\ov, a leaf.
Differs from the type in the yellow gills. Woods. Oct. — Nov. Rare.
(*.*)
359. C. (Phleg.) turbinatus (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 105.
Turbo, a spinning- top.
P. 5-13 cm., unicolorous, dingy yellow, or green, becoming pale,
hygrophanous, opaque when dry, fleshy, convex, then flattened,
obtuse, at length depressed, orbicular, covered with adpressed fibrils
which are deeper coloured and somewhat squamulose at the disc. St.
5—7 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, or paler than the p., sometimes tinged
with violet at the apex, equal, cylindrical, springing from a globoso-
depressed, distinctly marginate, turbinate bulb. Gills pallid light yellow-
ish, sometimes tinted with dark purple, then ferruginous, uncinately
adnate, thin, crowded, broad. Flesh white, soft. Spores ferruginous,
elliptical, 15 x 7-8 p ("8-10 x 5-6/i" Boud.), verrucose. Taste some-
what bitter. Beech woods, and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
var. lutescens Eea. Lutescens, becoming yellow.
Differs from the type in the bright yellow colour of the flesh. Woods,
and pastures. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
360. C. (Phleg.) corrosus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 715, t. 715.
Corrosus, gnawed to pieces.
P. 5-8 cm., clay colour, becoming ferruginous, then pallid, fleshy,
compact, expanded, umbilicate, opaque when dry, rivulose, fiocculose,
only fugaciously viscid. St. 2-5-5 x 1-2-5 cm., white, cortinately-
fibrillose, equal, base marginately bulbous. Gills somewhat ferruginous
from the first, emarginate, or rounded behind, very crowded, narrow,
4 mm. wide, edge unequal. Flesh white, rarely zoned with violet.
Pine woods. Sept. Rare.
361. C. (Phleg.) fulgens (A. & S.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 106.
Fulgens, shining.
P. 5-10 cm., orange-tawny, very fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse,
occasionally punctate as if with drops, at length silky-fibrillose, or
squamulose. St. 5-10 x 1-5-2 cm., yellow, paler at the apex, equal,
densely fibrillose with the yellow cortina which is viscid in wet weather;
base acutely marginately bulbous, then depressed and oblique. Gills
bright yellow, then tawny, or ferruginous with the spores, emarginate,
6-10 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh white-yellow, compact,
then spongy and tan colour. Spores ferruginous, verrucose, pip-shaped,
11-12 x 6 p. Smell pleasant, "like fennel" Quel. Woods. Sept.—
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
CORTINARIUS 143
362. C. (Phleg.) fulmineus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 717, t. 717.
Fulmineus, pertaining to lightning.
P. 4-8 cm., tawny, almost brown, margin orange, variegated with
dense, irregular, agglutinated scales, very fleshy, at first hemispherical,
and attached to the bulb, then convex, very viscid; margin involute.
St. 2—5 x 1—1-5 cm., yellow, white cortinate at the apex, when young
inclosed in the bulb, bulb very depressed, marginate, rooting, wider
than the young p. Gills golden yellow, at length tawny, rounded, thin,
very crowded. Flesh white, often yellow at the circumference or wholly
yellowish. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 13-14 x 7-8/A, verrucose.
Deciduous woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
363. C. (Phleg.) orichalceus (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 718, t. 754.
o/36t'-%a\/co?, copper ore.
P. 4-13 cm., reddish copper colour, disc darker, often spotted with
scales, bluish green towards the margin, convex, then flattened, fleshy;
margin incurved, pubescent, or white, then expanded and concolor-
ous. St. 5-12 x 1-5-2 cm., pale greenish yellow, more or less covered
with the fibrils of the cortina, fibrillosely silky, somewhat cylindrical,
base marginately bulbous. Cortina whitish, or very light greenish
yellow, then rust colour from the spores. General veil whitish, often
becoming reddish copper colour, fibrillose, scarcely distinct from the
cortina. Gills yellow tinted greenish, then olive, and finally olive rust
colour, slightly adnate, sinuate, or emarginate, attenuated in front,
slightly rounded behind, narrow, 4-6 mm. wide, thin. Flesh greenish
yellow, then citron yellow under the pellicle of the pileus and in the base
of the stem, finally becoming reddish brown in the bulb, with a strong
bluish grey horny line at the base of the gills. Spores ferruginous, ellip-
tical, or almond-shaped, 10-11 x 6-7 /x, verrucose. Smell strong, "of
fennel" Quel. Coniferous woods, and under beeches. Sept. — Nov.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
364. C. (Phleg.) elegantior Fr. Ekgantior, neater.
P. 7-10 cm., tawny, often spotted with drops, fleshy, convex, then
plane, margin split. St. 5-7 x 2-3 cm., becoming yellowish, stout,
fibrillose, base marginately bulbous. Cortina pale. Gills egg-yellow,
becoming olivaceous, sinuate, thin, crowded, serrulate. Flesh becoming
yellow. "Spores sphaeroideo-ellipsoid, dark or yellowish (under the
microscope), 11-14 x 7-8 ju, " Sacc. Woods. Oct. Eare.
365. C. (Phleg.) testaceus Cke. (= Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus Fr. sec.
Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 1188, 1. 1190. Testaceus, brick coloured.
P. 7-10 cm., brick-red, rather vinous, becoming paler, fleshy, convex,
then flattened, umbonate, or depressed. St. 7-9 x 1-5 cm., whitish
144 CORTINABIUS
above, becoming rufous at the base, attenuated upwards, longitudinally,
fibrously striate below; base submarginate, bulbous. Gills dusky
cinnamon, adnate, a little emarginate behind, 6-10 mm. wide. Flesh
rather flesh-colour, becoming ruddy at apex and base of stem. Spores
elliptical, 9-11 x 5-6 /LI, rarely 16 x 8/x, narrowed at each end,
verrucose. Woods, amongst leaves. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
****Gills olivaceous.
366. C. (Phleg.) prasinus (Schaeff.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 107.
Trpdo-ov, a leek.
P. 5-8 cm., olivaceous, aeruginous, or tawny ferruginous, tiger-spotted
as if scaly, convex, then plane and depressed at the centre, adpressedly
fibrillose; margin involute. St. 5-8 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, equal, or
slightly attenuated upwards, fibrillosely silky; base marginately bul-
bous. Cortina whitish, or pallid-green. Gills yellow-olivaceous, or
somewhat olivaceous, darker and cinereous olivaceous at the base,
emarginate, undulate. Flesh dingy white, greenish white in the stem,
olivaceous under the pellicle of the p. and at the base of the stem.
Spores ferruginous in the mass, ochraceous under the microscope,
elliptical, 12-15 x 6-8 /A, verrucose. Smell none, or "of sulphur"
Quel. Taste mild. Beech woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
367. C. (Phleg.) atrovirens (Kalchbr.) Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 19, fig. 3.
Ater, black; virens, green.
P. 5—10 cm., dark green, or olivaceous green, compact, convex, ob-
tuse. St. 5-8 x 1-2 cm., yellow, firm, equal, fibrillose, except the sub-
turbinate, marginate bulb. Gills sulphur colour, then greenish, at length
cinnamon, adnate, 6-8 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh greenish yellow,
then darker. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 10 x 6/4" Massee.
Mycelium sulphur colour. Pine woods. Oct. — Nov. Rare.
368. C. (Phleg.) scaums Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 721, t. 755.
with projecting ankles.
P. 5-10 cm., of a peculiar tawny fuliginous colour, more tawny when
dry, tiger-spotted, fleshy, convex, then plane and depressed; margin
thin, slightly striate when old. St. 6-8 cm. x 8-10 mm., azure-blue, or
olivaceous, becoming white and also yellowish when old, attenuated up-
wards, fibrillosely striate; base marginately bulbous, the bulb some-
times evanescent. Cortina greenish, fibrillose. Gills purplish-olivace-
ous, olivaceous, or fuliginous, attenuato-adnexed, rounded, 2-4 mm.
broad, thin, very crowded. Flesh watery, thin, soft. Spores ferru-
ginous, broadly elliptical, 10-11 x 6-7 \L, "punctate-rough" Eick.
Taste mild. Woods, and bogs. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
CORTINARIUS 145
369. C. (Phleg.) herpeticus Fr. epTrerov, a creeping thing.
P. 3-8 cm., olivaceous, then dirty tan colour, disc becoming pale, fleshy,
convexo-plane, obtuse, somewhat spotted, slightly viscid. St. 5-
8x1 cm., pallid, firm, unequal, somewhat twisted, fibrillose; bulb
napiform, marginate. Gills violet-umber, then fuliginous-olive, slightly
emarginate, at first crowded, 4—6 mm. broad. Flesh of the pileus pale
violet when young, then becoming dirty white. Spores "nearly almond-
shaped, punctate-rough, 7-8 x 4-5 /A" Rick. Woods. Sept. Rare.
III. Cortina simple, thin, fugacious, median, or inferior. St. at the first
exserted, somewhat thin, rigid-elastic, externally subcartilaginous,
polished, shining. P. thin, often hygrophanous.
*Gills whitish, then clay coloured, or dirty cinnamon.
370. C. (Phleg.) cumatilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 146, fig. 2. KVfia, a wave.
P. 4—8 cm., of a very charming violet, or purple violet, fleshy, convex,
obtuse, often irregular. St. 5-10 x 1-1-5 cm., white, often curved,
cortinate only at the apex, the universal veil (which serves as a pellicle
of the p.) ruptured at the base, and adnate to it as a separable, agglu-
tinated membrane of the same colour as the p. Gills white, then clay
colour, attenuato-adnexed, almost free, crowded, narrow, 4-6 mm.
broad, with a small decurrent tooth. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous,
pip-shaped, 9-10 x 4-5//,, verrucose. Taste pleasant. Solitary, or
subcaespitose. Fir woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
371. C. (Phleg.) serarius Fr. Serarius, living on whey.
P. 7-10 cm., reddish-tan, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, or
broadly gibbous, viscid, opaque, appearing as if pruinately silky
when dry. St. 10 x 1 cm., white, equal, entirely fibrillose, and soft,
polished, shining. Cortina white, inferior, inconspicuous. Gills white,
then clay colour, arcuately-adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded,
broad. Flesh white, with a hyaline line near the base of the gills. Spores
"thin, fusiform, 7-8 x 3 /A, almost smooth" Rick. Mixed woods.
Sept. — Oct. Rare.
372. C. (Phleg.) emollitus Fr. Emollitus, softened.
P. 5-8 cm., tawny, then ochraceous yellow, fleshy, globose, then cam-
panulato-convex, finally plane, or deformed, often fibrillosely virgate,
shining when dry; margin incurved, flexuose. St. 4-8 x 1-1-5 cm.,
white, becoming yellowish, equal, or attenuated downwards, often
thickened at the apex, striate, or fibrillose, base sometimes thickened,
often compressed, curved, or somewhat twisted. Cortina white, fu-
gacious, often appendiculate from the margin of the p. Gills white,
then ochraceous, adnate, or emarginate, somewhat distant, 10-12 mm.
broad, fragile. Flesh white, very soft. Spores ferruginous, elliptical,
B. B. B. 10
146 CORTINABIUS
6-7 x 4/u.. Taste very acrid. Often caespitose. Pastures, and woods,
especially beech, and oak. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
373. C. (Phleg.) causticus Fr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xxvi, t. 5, figs. 1-4.
tcava-Tircos, burning.
P. 3-5 cm., ochraceous nankeen yellow, almost hemispherical, then
convex, and plane, sometimes slightly umbonate, and finally slightly
depressed at the centre, pellicle easily separable, at first covered with
the white fibrils of the universal veil, soon white pruinose, silky to-
wards the margin, only slightly viscid when young, soon dry and shining ;
margin slightly incurved, then straight. St. 5-8 cm. x 3-5 mm.,
white, straight, or flexuose, firm, elastic, covered with the fibrillose
veil, and slightly viscid when young, soon dry, very minutely pruinose
at the apex; base equal, or somewhat bulbose, sometimes fusiform
and slightly rooting. Cortina white, fugacious. Gills cream colour, then
ochraceous rust, broadly adnate, slightly emarginate, diminishing in
width towards the margin, slightly crowded. Flesh yellowish when
young, becoming whitish when dry. Spores ferruginous in the mass,
yellowish brown under the microscope, elliptical, 6-5-7'5 x 4/>i, apicu-
late, very minutely verrucose. Smell rather strong. Taste of the
cuticle of the pileus very bitter, of the flesh sweet, or very slightly bitter.
Pine woods, and under conifers. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
374. C. (Phleg.) crystallinus Fr. Grevillea, t. 107, fig. 3.
icpvaraXkivos, crystalline.
P. 1-5-4 cm., shining silvery white towards the margin, disc watery-
pallid, becoming altogether shining white when dry, fleshy, convex, then
plane, hygrophanous. St. 5-7 cm. x 6-10 mm., whitish, then straw
colour, fragile, equal, or attenuated at the base, fibrillose. Gills day
colour, emarginate, thin, 6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, thin.
Spores clay colour, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/n, "7-8 x 4-5 /M, faintly punc-
tate" Rick. Taste very acrid. Woods, especially beech. Sept. — Nov.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
375. C. (Phleg.) decoloratus Fr. Cke. Illus. no 726, t. 729.
Decoloratus, stained.
P. 4-10 cm., day colour, disc darker, thin, equally fleshy, cam-
panulate, then convex, obtuse, soft, soon dry, and fiocculose, corru-
gated and stained when old. St. 5-10 cm. x 10-12 mm., silvery, equal,
thickened at the base, sometimes attenuated downwards, fibrillose.
Cortina white, fibrillose, inferior. Gills whitish, or bluish, then day
colour and cinnamon, emarginate, adnate, or decurrent, not much
crowded, 6 mm. broad. Flesh white, watery, soft. Spores pale ferru-
ginous, pip-shaped, 11-12 x 5-6/i, verrucose. Taste slightly acrid.
Woods, especially beech. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
CORTINARIUS 147
**Gills violaceous, purplisli, or flesh coloured.
376. C. (Phleg.) decolorans (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 727, t. 730.
Decolorans, discolouring.
P. 3-6 cm., persistently yellow, fleshy, convex, then flattened, some-
what gibbous. St. 5—7 cm. x 6-10 mm., shining white, equal, attenu-
ated downwards, or slightly thickened at the base. Cortina white,
persistent, median. Gills purplish, then soon cinnamon, sinuato-
adnexed, thin, crowded, 6 mm. broad. Flesh white, thin, firm. Spores
pale ferruginous, subglobose, 7-8 x 7 ft; "almond-shaped, 10-12 x 5-
6/x, warted" Kick. Coniferous woods, and under birches. Sept. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
377. C. (Phleg.) porphyropus (A. & S.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 728, t. 731.
Trop(f>vpeos, purple; TTOU?, foot.
P. 3-8 cm., livid-light-yellowish, or day colour, fleshy, very thin at
the margin, convexo-plane, obtuse, innately streaked. St. 5-10 cm.
x 6-10 mm., violaceous-lilac, becoming pale, even whitish, but soon
becoming violaceous-lilac when touched, fragile, somewhat bulbous, or
rather equally attenuated from the thickened base, sometimes equal.
Cortina violaceous-lilac, fibrillose, inferior. Gills purplish, then watery
cinnamon, becoming purple again when touched, rounded, or emar-
ginate, somewhat crowded, 4-10 mm. broad. Flesh of pileus whitish,
soon becoming purple-lilac when broken, of stem purple-lilac becoming
whitish. Spores pale ferruginous, pip-shaped, 10-11 x 6-7 //,, "slightly
rough" Eick. Woods, especially beech. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
378. C. (Phleg.) croceo-caeruleus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 729, t. 732.
Croceus, saffron; caeruleus, azure.
P. 2-3 cm., lilac, or faintly violaceous, fleshy, thin, convex, then
plane, obtuse, or gibbous. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, fragile,
somewhat equal, or attenuated downwards. Cortina white, fibrillose,
fugacious. Gills lilac, then clay-saffron, attenuated, or broadly emar-
ginate, with a small, very thin decurrent tooth, somewhat distant.
Flesh pallid, lilac under the pellicle, watery. Spores ferruginous, pip-
shaped, 6-8 x 4-5 fj,, punctate. Taste "bitter" Pers. Woods, especially
under beeches, and hazels. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
***Gills pure ochre, tawny, or ferruginous.
379. C. (Phleg.) coruscans Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 730, t. 733.
Coruscans, glittering.
P. 10 cm., yellow-ochraceous, often spotted tawny, fleshy, soon plane,
regular, at length depressed, shining when dry. St. 7-15 x 1 cm.,
shining white, elastic, equal, apex enlarged, fibrillosely-striate. Cortina
10—2
148 CORTINARIUS
white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills bright ochraceous, decurrent by a
tooth, thin, very narrow, 2-4 mm. wide, very crowded, linear. Flesh
white, soft. Woods. Sept.— Oct. Rare.
380. C. (Phleg.) papulosus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 731, t. 718.
Papulosus, having pimples.
P. 6-9 cm., honey -tan colour, disc ferruginous, or fuscous, and here
and there gibbous, fleshy, convex, obtuse, then plane, and at length
depressed, the cuticle breaking up into minute, granular, fuscous patches
when dry. St. 6-7 x 1-1-5 cm., white, firm, equal, or thickened at the
base, densely fibrillose, apex naked. Cortina white, inferior, very
fugacious. Gills pallid, soon ochraceous, at length very pale yellow
cinnamon, adnato-decurrent, crowded, slightly joined behind, separa-
ting from the stem when old, and connected by a spurious collar.
Flesh white, thick at the disc, thin at the margin. Spores "sub-
elliptical, 8—10 x 5— 6/z,, very slightly punctate" Rick. Pine woods.
Oct.— Nov. Rare.
var. major Fr. Major, larger.
P. yellowish, ferruginous, margin much paler, glutinous, disc truly
granular. St. at length coloured like the gills, attenuated from the base,
filamentous from the inferior veil, apex cortinate. Gills slightly
sinuate.
381. C. (Phleg.) vespertinus Fr. Vespertinus, pertaining to evening.
P. 7-9 cm., yellowish ochraceous, disc egg-yellow, fleshy, convex, then
plane, glutinous, wrinkled and folded at the margin. St. 5-7-5 x 1-
1-5 cm., shining white, firm, elastic, incrassated at the base, fibrillose.
Cortina pallid, inferior, fugacious. Gills bright and intense fulvous-
cinnamon, broadly emarginate, very broad, firm, little crowded,
shining. Flesh white, firm. Spores "elliptical, 4r-5 x 3—4/x,, almost
smooth" Rick. Deciduous woods. Oct. Rare.
****Gills olivaceous, fuliginous.
382. C. (Phleg.) olivascens (Batsch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 147, fig. 2.
Olivascens, becoming olivaceous.
P. 3-5 cm., somewhat fuliginous, or bistre olivaceous, becoming pale,
somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse; margin substriate. St. 7-
9x1 cm., silvery, becoming pallid ("whitish lilac, then silvery at the
apex, white in the middle and citron yellow at the base" Quel.), attenu-
ated upwards, somewhat bulbose, fibrillose, striate. Gills olivaceous,
or clay colour, then cinnamon, adnate, emarginate, thin, little crowded.
Flesh paler ("violaceous, then reddish" Quel.), thin. Spores "tawny
olivaceous, pruniform, 10-12 x 5'5-7/Lt, punctate" Bat. Taste acrid.
Damp woods amongst Sphagna. Sept. Rare.
CORTINARIUS 149
-. Myxaciuni I' r.
(fjbv^a, mucus.)
General veil glutinous. Stem viscid. Pileus slightly fleshy.
fSt. floccoso-peronate, the flocci at first covered with gluten.
383. C. (Myx.) arvinaceus Fr. (= Cortinarius (Myxacium) mucosus
(Bull.) Quel., (Myxacium) alutipes (Lasch) Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 734, t. 739, as Cortinarius (Myxacium) mucosus Fr.
Arvinaceus, greasy.
P. 6-10 cm., orange-tawny, or reddish tan, fleshy, soft, convex, then
soon flattened, at length reflexed and undulating, viscid, glistening
when dry; margin slightly striate when in full vigour. St. 10-20 x 1-
1-5 cm., white, equal, silky-viscous. Cortina soon fibrillose, fugacious.
Gills straw colour, then bright ochraceous, adnato-decurrent, very broad,
12-18 mm., somewhat distant, edge crenulate. Spores ochraceous,
"fusiform, 15-17 x 8-9 /x, rough" Eick. Beech woods. Oct. Bare.
384. C. (Myx.) collinitus (Sow.) Fr. (= Cortinarius (Myxacium) muci-
fluus Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 735, t. 740, as Cortinarius
(Myxacium) mucifluus Fr. Collinitus, besmeared.
P. 6-11 cm., orange-tawny, fleshy, not compact, convex, with the
margin bent inwards, then expanded, obtuse, covered with persistent
orange-tawny gluten, shining when dry. St. 7-12 x 1-2-5 cm., violace-
ous, white, or yellowish, firm, cylindrical, at length soft, covered with
afloccose, glutinous veil, which is commonly broken up into concentric
scales, near the apex the gluten is continuous with that of the p.
and forms an entirely viscous, fugacious ring. Gills whitish-bluish-
grey, or clay colour then cinnamon, adnate, somewhat crowded. Flesh
whitish, brownish under the cuticle of the p. and at the base of the st.
Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 10-11 x 6/x,, rough. Woods. July —
Nov. Common, (v.v.)
385. C. (Myx.) mucosus (Bull.) (= Cortinarius (Myxacium) alutipes
(Lasch) Fr. and (Myxacium) arvinaceus Fr. sec. Quel.) Boud.
Icon. t. 108. Mucosus, full of mucus.
P. 4-10 cm., chestnut, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then expanded,
covered with chestnut gluten, margin paler, striate. St. 5-15 x 2 cm.,
whitish ochre, or ochraceous, cylindrical, slightly attenuated at the
base, fibrillosely tomentose. Cortina white, glutinous. Gills whitish,
then cinnamon, adnate. Flesh whitish, tinged with chestnut under the
cuticle of the p. and at the base of the st. Spores tawny, verrucose,
lemon-shaped, 14-17 x 7-8/x. Pine woods. Aug. — Oct. Not un-
common, (v.v,)
150 CORTINARIUS
386. C. (Myx.) mucifluus Fr. (= Cortinarius (Myxacium) collinitus
Sow. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 148, fig. 1.
Mucus, mucus; <f>\va), I boil over.
P. 3-9 cm., livid-clay, tan when dry, opaque, thin, somewhat fleshy,
campanulate, then expanded, at length reflexed and repand, smeared
with separating, hyaline gluten; margin membranaceous, striate. St.
white, or inclining to azure-Uue, spongy, attenuated downwards, viscid
with the floccose-scaly fugacious veil. Gills clay colour, then watery
cinnamon, adnate. Spores ferruginous, almond-shaped, granular,
12 x 7fji. Cystidia "on edge of gill, vesiculose, 30-45 x 18-30 /x"
Kick. Pine woods. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
387. C. (Myx.) elatior Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 149, fig. 1. Elatior, taller.
P. 6-12 cm., livid-light-yellow when moist, dingy ochraceous when dry,
sometimes whitish, tan fuscous, date brown, violaceous brown, black,
whitish round the margin, or grey with the margin violaceous, slightly
fleshy only at the disc, cylindrical, or bullate, then campanulate,
afterwards flattened and somewhat reflexed, disc above the stem
obtuse, membranaceous and longitudinally plicato-wrinkled at the sides,
fragile. St. 7—18 x 1-5 cm., violaceous, lilac, becoming white, com-
monly attenuated at both ends, especially at the base, fibrillosely
fioccose. Cortina concolorous, viscid, fugacious. Gills ochraceous, or
lilac, then dark brown cinnamon, adnate, broad, connected by veins
or wrinkled at the sides. Flesh whitish, or pale yellowish. Spores
purplish-ferruginous, almond-shaped, 12-14 x 6/z, verrucose. Cystidia
"on edge of gill vesiculose-pyriform, 36-45 x 21-28 ju," Rick. Woods.
Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
388. C. (Myx.) grallipes Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 738, t. 734.
Grallae, stilts; pes, foot.
P. 4-8 cm., ferruginous when moist, ochraceous tan when dry, opaque,
almost membranaceous with the exception of the prominent, often
acutely umbonate disc, campanulate, then flattened, hygrophanous,
very viscid when wet. St. 10-15 cm. x 4-6 mm., yellowish tawny,
ochraceous when dry, tough, equal, flexuose, fibroso-striate, viscid.
Cortina pale, whitish brown, fugacious. Gills clay colour, then ferru-
ginous, adnate with a decurrent tooth, 12 mm. broad, attenuated in
front, crowded. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous, "7-8 x 4— 5/x,"
Herpell. Caespitose. Mixed woods, and under oaks and poplars.
Oct. Uncommon.
389. C. (Myx.) livido-ochraceus Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 739, t. 767.
Lividus, livid; ochraceus, ochre.
P. 2-5-5 cm., livid-ochre, somewhat membranaceous, convex, then
plane, cuticle thick, subcartilaginous, margin very thin, often with
CORTINARIUS 151
a few, indistinct fragments of the veil. St. 2-5—6 cm. x 7-10 mm.,
beautiful violet, ochraceous at the base, attenuated at both ends, some-
what scaly, striate above the fugacious veil. Grills pale, then cinnamon,
margin pale, somewhat adnexed, broad in front, moderately distant.
Flesh yellowish, livid under the pellicle of the p. Spores ferruginous,
elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6 /i, rough, 1-guttulate. Taste "like Ag. campes-
tris " Berk. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
tfVeil entirely viscid, hence the st. is not floccoso-peronate, but
only viscid, acquiring a varnished appearance when dry.
*Gills whitish, then clay colour.
390. C. (Myx.) nitidus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1189, t. 1191.
Nitidus, shining.
P. 4-12 cm., honey-coloured tan, at length whitish, disc tan colour,
fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, or almost obtuse, glutinous,
when dry the cuticle often cracked in streaks, and appearing minutely
fuscous punctate. St. 5-10 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid white and fibrillose
when young, then becoming yellowish and naked, base clavate, often
curved, tough, elastic, apex at first white-mealy. Cortina slightly
fibrillose, fugacious. Gills whitish, soon clay colour, and finally watery
cinnamon, truly decurrent, arcuate at first, crowded, narrow, 4 mm.
wide. Flesh white. Spores light brown, "broadly pip-shaped, 10-
12 x 8ji" Cke. Subcaespitose. Beech woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
**Gills at first violaceous, dark blue, or reddish.
391. C. (Myx.) salor Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 150, fig. 1. 0-0X09, the high sea.
P. 4-7 cm., grey, bright violaceous round the infiexed margin, at length
of the same colour, obtusely conical, or parabolic, soon campanulate,
and at length flattened, with a broad umbo on account of the fleshy
disc, thin towards the circumference, thinly viscid, fibrillose towards
the margin when dried. St. 4-8 x 1-1 -5 cm., white, covered up to the apex
with the azure-blue glutinous veil when young, becoming pale when old,
conico-attenuatedfrom the bulbous base, gradually elongated. Gills pale
grey, with the edge violaceous, or bluish grey, then grey clay colour, or
cinnamon, adnate, distant, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh white, becoming
yellow, or faintly azure-blue. Spores ferruginous, "subglobose, 8-
9 x 8n, granular" Rick. Woods. Oct. Rare.
392. C. (Myx.) delibutus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 741, t. 743.
Delibutus, besmeared.
P. 3-7-5 cm., light yellowish, fleshy, thin, especially towards the
margin, convex, then flattened, obtuse, at length somewhat depressed,
viscid with hyaline gluten, slightly silky fibrillose when the gluten has
152 CORTINARIUS
disappeared. St. 5-10 cm. x 6-8 mm., yellowish white, apex snow white,
equally attenuated from the slightly bulbose base, or somewhat equal,
elastic, viscid up to the white, scanty, fibrillose, fugacious cortins.
Gills dark-blue, or violaceous dark-blue, then clay cinnamon, serrulated,
pallid or often crisped at the edge, adnate, at length rounded, or slightly
emarginate, more or less distant, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh white. Spores
pale ochraceous, "subglobose, 7 x 6-7 /LI, granular" Karst. Taste
watery, then slightly pungent. Grassy, and damp places. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. elegans Massee. Elegans, neat.
P. and st. very glabrous, yellow-viscid, shining when dry, only apex
of stem white, flesh whitish-yellow, gills paler, more crowded. Grassy
banks of streams. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
393. C. (Myx.) fflibatus Fr. Illibatus, unimpaired.
P. 2-5-5 cm., yellow, disc darker, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then
convex, at length plane, subumbonate, pellicle viscid. St. 7'5 cm.
x 4 mm., white, commonly with reddish dots upwards, slightly attenu-
ated upwards, viscid. Cortina superior, fibrillose, very fugacious.
Gills flesh-colour, then clay and cinnamon, adnato-decurrent, arcuate,
4 mm. broad, thin, crowded. Flesh white, very thin at the circum-
ference. Spores cinnamon, elliptical, "15-16 x 6-7 //,, granular"
Massee, "subglobose, 7-9 p, granular" Bat. Pine woods. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon.
***Gills at first ochraceous, or cinnamon.
394. C. (Myx.) stillatitius Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 742, t. 831.
Stillaticius, dripping.
P. 4-6 cm., clothed with azure-blue gluten, fuscous-livid when the
gluten separates in the form of drops, at length grey-white, slightly
fleshy, convex, then plane, subumbonate; margin smooth. St. 5—
7 cm. x 6-8 mm., sheathed with thick azure-blue gluten which is ex-
tended into the cortina, very soft, equally attenuated. Gills dark
cinnamon, emarginate, 6 mm. broad. Flesh watery, soft, hygrophan-
ous. Spores ferruginous, "subglobose, 8 x 6/x, 1-guttulate" Sacc.,
"almond-shaped, 13-15 x 7-8 JM, rough. Cystidia on edge of gill,
30-40 x 12-20 /LI" Rick. Pastures, and amongst dead leaves. Oct.
Uncommon.
395. C. (Myx.) vibratilis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 743, t. 744.
Vibratilis, quivering.
P. 3-6 cm., yellow, golden when dry and very shining, fleshy at tlte
disc, thin elsewhere, convexo-plane, obtuse, very glutinous. St. 4-6 cm.
x 4-8 mm., shining white, conically attenuated, or ventricose, equal and
flexuose amongst mosses, fragile, very soft. Cortina glutinous, often
COBTINARIUS 153
forming a median ring. Gills pallid, then bright ochraceous cinnamon',
rounded, emarginate, or decurrent by a tooth, crowded, thin. Flesh
pallid. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x ip, "punctate" Rick.
Smell strong, taste very bitter. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
396. C. (Myx.) pluvius Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 744, t. 769. Pluvius, rainy.
P. 1-5-3 cm., pale yellow-tawny when moist, ochraceous tan and
opaque when dry, slightly fleshy, somewhat globose, then convex,
commonly gibbous, slightly pellucidly striate when more fully grown,
hygrophanous, viscid, shining in rainy weather. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-6 mm.,
white, then yellow and concolorous, soft, equal, or slightly attenuated
upwards, slightly viscid, silky. Cortina white, fibrillose, slightly viscid,
soon fugacious. Gills light yellowish, or at the first whitish, then ochrace-
ous, adnexed, separating, ventricose, crowded. Flesh pale yellowish,
becoming white. Spores deep ochraceous, broadly elliptical, 9-10x7-
8/t, 1-guttulate. Taste watery, then acrid and pungent. Woods,
especially pine. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
3. Inoloma Fr.
(i9, fibre; \w/j,a, fringe.)
Pileus equally fleshy, dry, at first fioccose, fibrillose, velvety, pubescent,
or silky, then becoming somewhat smooth. Veil simple.
*Gills at first white, or pallid.
397. C. (Ino.) opiums Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 151, fig. 1. Opimus, plump.
P- 7-10 cm., tan colour, fleshy, very thick, very hard, convex, then
plane, deformed, repand, everywhere covered with short tan coloured
tomentum, then rimoso-rivulose ; margin involute, pruinose, white,
often split. St. 2-5-5 x 2-5 cm., whitish, covered with the white fibrils
of the veil, attenuated at the base and rooting. Gills whitish, then clay
colour, emarginate, much narrower than the flesh of the p., somewhat
crowded, flexuose. Flesh whitish, firm. Spores ochraceous, "sub-
globose, 8-9 x 7-8 /A, warted" Rick. Smell and taste pleasant.
Woods, especially conifers. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. fulvobrunneus Fr. Fulvus, tawny; brunneus, brown.
P. tawny brown, undulated, thinner (margin thin), glabrous, rimoso-
rivulose. St. 3-5 x 2-5 cm., attenuated downwards, fibrillosely striate.
Gills very broad.
398. C. (Ino.) argutus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 151, fig. 2. Argutus, pointed.
P. 7-10 cm., clay ochraceous, or deep ochraceous, fleshy, broadly
conico-campanulate, soon convex, somewhat gibbous, at length plane,
154 CORTINARIUS
obtuse, fibrillosely silky, here and there minutely squamulose, becoming
smooth with age, rather rimose, opaque. St. 6-10 x 2-3 cm., white,
floccoso-squamulose, becoming smooth and yellowish, ovately bulbous,
or ventricose at the base, often curved and prolonged below the
bulb into a pointed root. Veil white, superior, simple, forming a ring
when young, rarely noticeable when mature. Gills white, then clay
colour, adnate, somewhat distant. Flesh very hard, white ("becoming
red on exposure to the air " Quel.). Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical,
7— 8x4/i, verrucose, "almond-shaped, 13-15x8-9 p, coarsely warted "
Eick. Deciduous woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
399. C. (Ino.) turgidus Fr. Grevillea, t. 109, fig. 1.
Turgidus, swollen.
P. 5-10 cm., clay colour, silvery-shining when full grown, very fleshy,
compact, convex, then plane, very obtuse, hoary, rarely sprinkled with
shining atoms; margin silky and white when young. St. 4-6 x 2 cm.,
silvery white, stout, bulbous base much swollen, externally cartilaginous,
elastic, longitudinally fibrillose under a lens, and split up into sub-
reticulate cracks, often undulate. Cortina white, fibrillose, fugacious.
Gills whitish, then clay colour, emarginate, crowded, 4 mm. broad,
denticulate. Flesh whitish, tough. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped,
7-9 x 4-5-6/x, 1-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Sept.—
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
400. C. (Ino.) argentatus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 745, t. 745.
Argentatus, silvered.
P. 4-10 cm., silvery-shining, disc becoming pale, at first silky-lilac
round the margin, then dun-coloured, fleshy, convexo-plane, at length
broadly gibbous, silky. St. 8-10 x 1-5-2 cm., concolorous, attenuated
from the thickened base. Gills pallid, then watery cinnamon, emar-
ginate, crowded; edge slightly serrated, white. Flesh whitish, often
with a bluish tinge. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/A, punc-
tate. Smell and taste pleasant. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
var. pinetorum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 746, t. 746.
Pinetorum, of pine woods.
Smaller. P. 5 cm., at first lilac and silky. St. 5 cm. Smell weak.
Pine woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
401. C. (Ino.) fusco-tinctus Eea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. v, t. 8.
Fuscus, dark; tinctus, stained.
P. 2—6 cm., pale ochraceous, becoming blood red immediately in places
where touched, then fuscous especially around the margin, fleshy, con-
vex, subgibbose, fibrillosely silky, disc floccosely squamulose under a
CORTINARIUS 155
lens; margin at first involute, arachnoid with the veil. St. 6-10 cm.
x 5—10 mm., concolorous, becoming reddish when touched, and soon
fuscous, fusiform, often incurved at the base, solid, firm, apex minutely
white pruinose. Cortina white, manifest, median, at length fugacious.
Gills clay colour, then pale cinnamon, sinuato-adnate, attenuated in
front, 4-6 mm. broad, crowded; edge white, unequal. Flesh white,
unchangeable, compact, firm, with a grey horn colour line at the base
of the gills. Spores ferruginous in the mass, pale ferruginous under
the microscope, elliptical, 9-10 x 5/*, contents granular. Smell and
taste none. The change of colour is present only in the cuticle of the
p., and st. Oak woods. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**Gills, as well as the st. and veil, violaceous.
402. C. (too.) violaceus (Linn.) Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 58.
Violaceus, violet.
P. 7-15 cm., dark violaceous, sometimes purplish-violet, fleshy, con-
vex, then flattened, regular, obtuse, villous, the innate persistent villous
down for the most part rimoso-squamulose; margin at first involute.
St. 6-10 x 1-5-2 cm., dark violaceous, stout, remarkably bulbous, at
first tomentose, then fibrillose. Cortina azure-blue, woolly, then ferru-
ginous with the spores. Gills dark, almost black violaceous, then
coloured ferruginous with the spores and again violaceous when these
are rubbed off, somewhat adnate, firm, distant, connected by veins,
broader than the flesh of the pileus. Flesh blue, becoming white.
Spores ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 11-13 x 7-8 /i, verrucose. Taste
pleasant. Edible. Woods, especially under birch, and beech. Aug. —
Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
403. C. (Ino.) cyanites Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 152, fig. 1. tcvavos, dark blue.
P. 6-13 cm., dark blue, becoming azure-blue, or livid-fuscous, fleshy,
soft, convex, then flattened, obtuse, silky. St. 7-13 x 1-2 cm., con-
colorous, very bulbous, fibrillose. Cortina azure-blue, fibrillose. Gills
deep dark blue, adnate, sinuate, crowded, thin, 6 mm. broad. Flesh
blue, reddening on exposure to the air, and when compressed giving out
a red juice. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9-10 x 4-5 jit, "warted"
Rick. Woods. Sept.— Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
var. major Fr. Major, larger.
Differs from the type in the compact stem, in the p. tardily becoming
reddish, and in the somewhat distant, cinereous dark
404. C. (Ino.) muricinus Fr.
Murex, a mollusc from which the Tyrian purple was obtained.
P. 5-10 cm., violaceous, becoming reddish, fleshy, compact, convex,
then plane, very obtuse, becoming smooth; margin fibrillose. St.
156 CORTINARITJS
3-10 x 1-5-2-5 cm., becoming violaceous, attenuated upwards from
the bulbous base, villous. Gills purplish violet, at length reddish liver
colour, emarginate, 12 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh paler,
becoming bluish near the gills, spongy. Spores ferruginous, "almond-
shaped, 13-15 x 7-8 /x, warted " Eick. Smell strong, peculiar. Fir,
and larch woods. Oct. Uncommon.
405. C. (Ino.) alboviolaceus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 151, fig. 3.
Albus, white; violaceus, violet.
P. 5-7-5 cm., whitish violet, fleshy, convex, broadly umbonate, or
rather gibbous, dry, beautifully innately silky, the fibrils longitudinally
adpressed as in Inocybe geophylla. St. 5-10 x 1-2-5 cm., concolorous,
becoming whitish, firm, clavato-bulbous, or conico-attenuated, white
villous, fibrillose above with the cortina, and often zoned with the
white veil at the middle. Gills greyish lilac, then grey-cinnamon, ad-
nate, scarcely emarginate, 4-5 mm. broad, subdistant, subserrulate.
Flesh azure blue white, juicy, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous,
oblong elliptical, 9-12 x 5-6/i, punctate. Woods, especially beech.
Aug. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
406. C. (Ino.) malachius Fr. fiaXd^t], a mallow.
P. 5-10 cm., pale lilac, then fuscous ferruginous, pale brick colour
when dry, very fleshy, compact, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or
slightly gibbous, hoary with minute, fasciculate down, or silky towards
the margin. St. 7-12 x 2-5 cm., bluish lilac, becoming whitish, bulbous
base slightly marginate, ventricose, or equal, often deformed, striate
with violaceous fibrils, very rarely having a white membranaceous
ring. Cortina violaceous, thin. Gills purple, becoming pale, at length
watery ferruginous, emarginate, crowded. Flesh violaceous, becoming
white, thick, watery, soft in the st. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped,
"10-12 x 6-7 jLt" Cke., "punctate" Rick. Pine, and fir woods. Sept.
Rare.
407. C. (Ino.) camphoratus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 152, fig. 2.
Camphoratus, strong scented.
P. 5-8 cm., lilac, becoming whitish, or yellowish, very fleshy, convex,
then flattened, obtuse, silky, becoming smooth. St. 7-13 x 1-2-5 cm.,
bulbous, or obclavate, peronately woolly when young. Cortina blue,
fibrillose. Gills intense azure blue, becoming purple, decurrent, or
emarginate, arcuate, thin, crowded. Flesh blue, white at the base of
the stem, thick. Spores ferruginous, "somewhat almond shape, 12-
14 x 7-8 n, granular" Cke. Smell foetid, exceedingly penetrating,
like fenugreek, or curry-powder. Woods, especially pine. Sept.
Rare.
CORTINARIUS 157
408. C. (Ino.) hircinus (Bolt.) Fr. (= Cortinarius amethystinus
(Schaefl.) Quel.) Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 52. Hircinus, of a goat.
P. 4-5 cm., violet, disc at length becoming ferruginous, fleshy, convex,
obtusely gibbous, silky with adpressed, violet fibrils. St. 4-5 x 1-5 cm.,
violet, becoming pallid, yellowish at the bulbous base, cortinate. Gills
violet, then cinnamon, emarginate, broad, thin, subdistant. Flesh
dingy, becoming yellowish especially at the base of the st., thick. Spores
ferruginous, "8-5-10 x 4-5-5-5/z, minutely verrucose" Maire. Smell
strong like goats, or burnt horn. Pine woods. Sept. Rare.
***Gills or veil cinnamon, red, or ochraceous.
409. C. (Ino.) traganus Fr. (= Cortinarius amethystinus (SchaefL)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 752, t. 757. rpdyos, a goat.
P. 4-8 cm., lilac purplish, becoming pale and finally yellowish, very
fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, dry, silky, becoming smooth.
St. 7-12 x 1-2-5 cm., violaceous, then whitish, spongy, attenuated up-
wards, base villous, very bulbous, silky, then fibrillose. Cortina pallid
violaceous, continuous with the silky covering of the p. Gills saffron-
ochraceous, then cinnamon, emarginate, very broad, thick, distant, edge
often somewhat crenate. Flesh yellowish, thick, deep saffron-ochraceous
in the spongy st. Spores bright ferruginous, elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6 p,
verrucose, 1-guttulate. Smell foetid like goats, or the larvae of Cossus.
Pine woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. finitimus Weinm. Finitimus, nearly related.
Differs from the type in the yellowish mottled flesh of the st., and the
pleasant smell, like gum just beginning to ferment, or like camphor.
410. C. (Ino.) sufflus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 152, fig. 3.
Suillus, pertaining to swine.
P. 7—10 cm., dingy, or pallid brick-red, fleshy, convex, obtuse, at
length floccosely squamulose, silky towards the margin. St. 7-10 x 1-
2-5 cm., dingy pallid, clavato-bulbous, attenuated upwards, darker
when touched, fibrillose, apex pale violaceous, fugacious, base white-
woolly. Gills cinnamon, opaque, adnate, 10-12 mm. broad, subdis-
tant, fragile, often veined at the base. Flesh dirty pale brick colour,
especially in the st., thick at the disc, thin elsewhere. Spores "ellipsoid,
obtuse at the ends, 10-12 x 6-8 fj," Sacc. Fir, and pine woods.
Sept.— Nov. Rare.
411. C. (Ino.) tophaceus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 153, fig. 1. Tophus, tufa.
P. 7-10 cm., golden tawny, opaque, fleshy, hemispherical, villosely
squamulose, varying slightly silky, and shining. St. 5-10 x 1-5-2 cm.,
tawny, slightly attenuated upwards from the bulbous base, villosely
squamulose, often twisted. Gills concolorous, then tawny cinnamon,
158 CORTINARIUS
broadly emarginate, 12-15 mm. broad, distant. Flesh white, compact
at the disc, thin at the margin, soft. Spores "roundish, 8-9 x 7 /LI,
punctate" Eick. Subcaespitose, or solitary. Beech woods. Aug. —
Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. redimitus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 754, t. 773.
Redimitus, bound round.
Differs from the type in the thinner, obtusely umbonate, golden yellmc
p. streaked with adpressed darker fibrils, the yellowish, fibrillosely striate
st. slightly thickened at the base, and the light yellow gills adnate with a
small decurrent tooth. Beech woods. Oct. Rare.
412. C. (Ino.) callisteus Fr. icd\\i<rTO<;, very beautiful.
P. 4—6 cm., yellow tawny, fleshy, convexo-expanded, rather smooth,
silky towards the margin, generally broken up into minute, innate
squamules. St. 7-12 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, or rhubarb colour,
clavato-bulbous, equally attenuated upwards, fibrillosely striate.
Cortina concolorous, marginal, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills concolorous,
adnate, connected together at the base and to the stem byfiocci, plane, sub-
distant, 8 mm. broad, thin. Flesh yellowish white, rhubarb colour in
the st., thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical,
6-8 x 6fj,, 1-guttulate, "punctate" Rick. Pine woods. July — Oct.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
413. C. (Ino.) vinosus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 758, t. 759.
Vinosus, wine colour.
P. 5-7-5 cm., vinous red, fleshy, semiglobose, then expanded, at
length flattened, smooth, shining. St. 5-7-5 x 1 cm., violet, cylin-
drical, abruptly thickened into a marginately bulbous, reddish base.
Cortina reddish. Gills ferruginous cinnamon, adnexed, ventricose,
scarcely crowded. Flesh pale violet, reddish in the st. Spores ferru-
ginous, almond-shaped, 16-18 x 8/u, granular. Under trees, and in
woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
414. C. (Ino.) Bulliardii (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 109.
Pierre Bulliard, the eminent French mycologist.
P. 4-10 cm., dark rufescent, bay brown blood colour, becoming pale,
fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, or fibrillose. St.
5-12 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish above, blood red downwards, and covered with
blood red fibrils near the ovate bulb, which arises from a blood red myce-
lium. Cortina whitish, fugacious. Gills purplish, then ferruginous,
adnexed with a decurrent tooth, 6 mm. broad, somewhat crowded,
often crenulated at the whitish edge. Flesh whitish, brownish under the
cuticle, and reddish at the base of the st. Spores ferruginous, elliptical,
7-8 x 4-5/x, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Woods, especially beech. Sept.
— Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
CORTINARIUS 159
415. C. (too.) bolaris (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 759, t. 760.
/3«Xo<?, a clod of earth.
P. 3-7 cm., light yellow red, or pale, variegated with innate, adpressed,
spot-like red scales, fleshy, convexo-plane, obsoletely umbonate. St.
4-8 cm. x 6-10 mm., pale, variegated with saffron-red, adpressed, fibril-
lose scales, sometimes entirely scarlet, apex white, firm, equal. Cortina
saffron-red, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills cream colour, then dark cinna-
mon, decurrent, or adnate, arcuate, crowded. Flesh white, yellowish
in the st., firm. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 5ft,
minutely punctate. Taste acrid. Woods, especially beech. Aug. —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
****Gills or veil dark, fuscous, or olivaceous.
416. C. (too.) pholideus Fr. Grevillea, t. 117, fig. 1. $0X19, a scale.
P. 5-10 cm., fawn colour, becoming pale, at length somewhat cinna-
mon, fleshy, convex, then flattened, subumbonate and depressed round
the umbo, covered with innate, piloso-fasciculate, crowded, fuscous
blackish, squarrose scales. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-12 mm., brownish, attenu-
ated upwards, sometimes shorter and clavato-bulbous, squarrose with
fuliginous, blackish scales up to the cortinate, arachnoid ring, pale
violaceous above. Gills violaceous, then day colour, and at length
cinnamon, subemarginate, 4-8 mm. broad, thin, crowded. Flesh
pallid, thin. Spores ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /i,
"punctate" Rick. Deciduous woods. Aug. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
417. C. (too.) sublanatus (Sow.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 111.
Sub, somewhat; lanatus, woolly.
P. 4— W cm., fawn colour, or olivaceous fawn, becoming tan fuscous,
and at length ferruginous, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded,
umbonate, clothed with innate, floccose, fuscous squamules. St. 8—
11 x 1-5 cm., pale ochraceous, conico-elongated, or clavato-bulbous,
clothed to the middle with fuscous down, continued into a fibrillose
cortina, which does not form a zone, apex slightly violaceous, naked.
Cortina yellowish, arachnoid. Gills olivaceous yellowish, or ochraceous
ferruginous, then cinnamon, adnate, broader behind, 6 mm. broad,
scarcely crowded. Flesh ochraceous yellow, deeper coloured in the st.,
fairly thick, firm. Spores "ochraceous tawny, subglobose, 8-10/t,
apiculate at the one end, verrucose " Boud. Smell of radish. Fir and
larch woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
418. C. (too.) phrygianus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 153, fig. 3.
Phrygianus, embroidered.
P. 5-7 cm., honey colour, fleshy, convex, obtuse, densely covered with
simple, black, hispid fibrils. St. 3-8 x 1-1-5 cm., paler than the p.,
whitish when dry, reticulately clothed with lax, black fibrils,
160 COBTINARIUS
equal, base bulbous. Gills dirty yellow, rounded behind, 4—8 mm.
broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, firm. Smell of radish.
Damp beech woods. Sept. — Oct. Eare.
419. C. (Inc.) arenatus (Pers.) Fr. Arena, sand.
P. 3-6 cm., pale yellowish fuscous, or olivaceous, fleshy, convex, at
first gibbous, punctate with granular, floccose, brown squamules. St.
5-7 cm. x 6-10 mm., brown, clavato-attenuated, sheathed up to and
beyond the middle with fuscous squamules, apex naked, cream colour.
Gills yellowish, then cinnamon, emarginate, ventricose, somewhat
crowded. Spores "obliquely elliptical, 7 x 5ju," Massee. Fir, and
mixed woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
4. Dennocybe Fr.
(Bepfia, skin; /cvfirj, head.)
Pileus thinly, and equally fleshy, dry, not hygrophanous, at first
silky with subinnate villose down, then smooth. Veil simple, forming
a zone in C. caninus.
*Gills at first whitish, or pallid.
420. C. (Dermo.) ochroleucus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 764, t. 775.
&>%/>o9, pale; Xey/co?, white.
P. 5-8 cm., pale white, or yellowish, disc ochraceous, fleshy, broadly
campanulate, then expanded, and somewhat gibbous, slightly silky,
becoming smooth. St. 4-7 cm. x 8-12 mm., white, firm, ventricose,
naked. Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills clay colour, then ochraceous,
sinuato-adnexed, then free, broader behind, 6 mm. broad, crowded.
Flesh white, thick at the disc, firm. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly
elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5/i, 1-guttulate. Taste bitter. Deciduous woods.
Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
421. C. (Dermo.) decumbens (Pers.) Fr. Grevillea, t. 127, fig. 3.
Decumbens, lying down.
P. 2'5-4 cm., white, or yellowish, fleshy, firm, convex, then plane,
gibbous, then obtuse, silky-shining. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 5-6 mm., shining
white, ascending, clavato-bulbous, smooth, apex mealy. Cortina white,
silky. Gills white, then clay colour, at length ochre cinnamon, adnexed,
4 mm. broad, ventricose, crowded. Flesh white, firm. Spores ochrace-
ous, "elliptical, 9-12 x 5-6 /i" Eick. Taste slightly bitter. Woods,
and grassy places. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
422. C. (Dermo.) riculatus Fr. Rica, a head veil.
P. 5-8 cm., honey colour, but only conspicuously so at the disc, else-
where clothed with a very thin, floccose, adpressed silkiness, that makes
it appear almost glabrous, fleshy, convexo-plane, slightly gibbous.
St. 5-6 cm. x 5-6 mm., pallid, becoming white, thickened downwards,
CORTINAEITJS 161
smooth. Cortina pallid, fibrillose. Gills clay colour, at length watery
ferruginous, adnate, 4 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid,
fairly thick, spongy in the st. Spores "pale brown in the mass, oval,
8-11 x 6-7 /x " Herpell. Pine woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
423. C. (Denno.) tabularis (Bull.) Fr. Tabula, a board.
P. 4—8 cm., clay or fuscous clay colour, sometimes tawny, becoming
pale, fleshy, convexo-plane, broadly gibbous, at length very flat, veiled
at first with very thin, white flocci, which rarely in wet weather are col-
lected in a zone at the margin, becoming smooth; margin silky. St.
5-8 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, becoming pale, tough, elastic, equal, or
attenuated upwards, erect, either floccosely scaly, or smooth. Cortina
white, fugacious. Gills whitish, then clay colour, subemarginate, 6 mm.
broad, thin, crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores ferruginous, pip-
• shaped, 9 x 6/z. Woods. Common, (v.v.)
424. C. (Denno.) camurus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 154, fig. 1.
Camurus, crooked.
P. 5-8 cm., fuscous, often hoary, becoming pale, pallid yellowish,
umbo deeper in colour, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, with a broad,
obtuse, often oblique umbo, rimosely incised when dry. St. 4-8 cm.
x 7-14 mm., white, equal, ascending, flexuose, or twisted, fibrillose,
apex silvery-shining, very fragile. Gills grey clay colour, then watery
cinnamon, and somewhat fuscous, adnate, or sinuate, 6 mm. broad,
thin, crowded. Flesh white, fuscous under the cuticle when moist, thin
at the margin, loose. Spores ferruginous, subglobose, 7 x 6/z, multi-
guttulate. Smell unpleasant. Often caespitose. Woods, especially
birch, and beech. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
425. C. (Denno.) diabolicus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 765, t. 816, fig. B.
8iay3o\o9, the Devil.
P. 2-5-7 cm., fuscous with a grey bloom, becoming smooth and fuscous
yellow, fleshy, thin, convex, then plane, hemispherical, obtuse, or
umbonate, dry, fragile, often splitting at the margin. St. 4-8 cm. x 4-
10 mm., pale, bluish grey at the apex, attenuated downwards, smooth.
Cortina fugacious. Gills pale bluish grey, soon becoming white, at length
clay colour, adnate, separating, subemarginate, 4-6 mm. broad, firm,
somewhat crowded. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores "subglobose, 8-
10 x 7-8/z, punctate " Rick. Beech woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
**Gills at first violaceous, becoming purple.
426. C. (Dermo.) azureus Fr. Quel. Jur. et. Vosg. t. 24, fig. 4.
Azureus, sky blue.
P. 3-6 cm., lilac, becoming hoary, then fuscous, and pallid, fleshy,
convex, then plane, obtuse, silky-shining, atomate. St. 6-8 cm. x 8-
B. B. B. 11
162 CORTINARIUS
10 mm., sky blue, becoming whitish, thickened at the base, fragile,
silky, stria te, often twisted. Cortina concolorous. Gills bright bluish
violet, slightly emarginate, then decurrent, rather crowded. Flesh
white, bluish in the st., thick at the disc. Spores " subglobose, 7-10 x 7-
9 //,, punctate " Rick. Deciduous woods, especially beech. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
427. C. (Derrno.) caninus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 768, t. 765.
Caninus, belonging to a dog.
P. 5-10 cm., fuscous brown, becoming bricJc-rufescent or tawny
when dry, fleshy, firm, convex, then plane, obtuse, becoming smooth;
margin at first whitish, silky. St. 7-12 cm. x 8-12 mm., pale white,
apex violaceous, often ochraceous at the thickened, somewhat bulbous
base, equal, fibrillose, elastic. Cortina forming a white, or fuscous zone
near the apex of the st., fibrillose. Gills bluish grey, or purplish, then
cinnamon, emarginate, 6-10 mm. broad, subdistant, thin. Flesh
white, becoming yellowish, thick at the disc, soft. Spores ferruginous,
elliptical, 9-10 x 6/j,, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Edible. Deciduous
woods, and heaths. Sept. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
428. C. (Denno.) anomalus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 772, t. 776.
a, not; o/u,aA.6<?, even.
P. 3—6 cm., fuliginous, then rufescent, becoming hoary with separating
fibrils, at length yellowish, fleshy, thin, very convex, then expanded,
and gibbous. St. 5—7-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., violaceous above, whitish below,
at length becoming pale and somewhat yellow, attenuated from the base,
slightly sheathed, fibrillose, or somewhat scaly. Gills more or less
violaceous, bluish grey purplish, then cinnamon, adnate, or emarginate,
with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin. Flesh watery, becoming white
when dry, violaceous at the apex of the st., thin, soft. Spores ferruginous,
elliptical, 8-9 x 6-7/x-, punctate. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and
heaths. Aug. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
429. C. (Dermo.) lepidopus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 773, t. 850.
t?, a scale; TTOU<?, a foot.
P. 1-5-7 cm., umber, with a tinge of violet near the margin, disc be-
coming rufescent, fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, smooth.
St. 6-12 cm. x 8-12 mm., violet at the apex, dirty white below, attenu-
ated upwards, with concentric, fibrillose, darker bands. Cortina whitish,
with a tinge of violet. Gills violet, then cinnamon, adnate, rather
crowded, thin. Flesh whitish, tinged lilac at the apex of the stem,
rather thin. Spores pale ferruginous, ovate, sometimes almost globose,
8-9 x 6-7 /x, with a basal apiculus. Woods, and heaths. Aug. — Oct.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
CORTINARIUS 163
430. C. (Dermo.) myrtillinus Fr. fj,vpro<;, the myrtle.
P. 3-7-5 cm., fuliginous, tinged with lilac, becoming hoary silky
with the dense white fibrils, fleshy, convex, gibbous, becoming plane.
St. 5-7 cm. x 6-12 mm., whitish, streaked with sparse,, lilac fibrils,
tough, slightly bulbous. Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills pure amethyst-
azure-blue, scarcely changing colour, adnate, subdistant, edge whitish,
denticulate. Flesh fuscous, becoming whitish when dry, violaceous at the
apex of the St., tough, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical,
7-8 x 6/ji. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
431. C. (Dermo.) albocyaneus Fr. Albus, white; icvavos, dark blue.
P. 2-3 cm., white, becoming yellow, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse,
hoary silky, becoming smooth. St. 6-10 x -5-1-5 cm., white, sub-
clavate, naked. Cortina white, fugacious. Gills bluish purple, then
somewhat ochraceous, emarginate, 6-8 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh
white, thick at the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /x,
punctate. Smell "of apple" Quel. Coniferous, birch, and beech
woods. Sept. Uncommon.
432. C. (Dermo.) spilomeus Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 154, fig. 3. 0-774X09, a spot.
P. 3-7 cm., rufescent, or clay colour, fleshy, convex, then expanded,
gibbous, becoming smooth. St. 5-7 x 1 cm., whitish lilac, covered in
the basal half with rufous, or tawny scales, equal, slightly thickened at
the base. Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills bluish grey, or violaceous, be-
coming pale, at length watery cinnamon, adnate, or emarginate, crowded,
thin. Flesh cinereous, becoming white, thick at the disc. Spores ferru-
ginous, broadly elliptical, or subglobose, 6-9 x 6-7 /x,, apiculate at
the base, multi-guttulate, "punctate " Rick. Woods. Sept. — Nov.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
433. C. (Dermo.) violaceo-fuscus (Cke. & Massee) Massee. Cke. Illus.
no. 1163, t. 1174, as Inocybe violaceo-fusca Cke. & Mass.
Violaceus, violet ; fuscus, dark.
P. 2-5-5 cm., umber, often tinged with violet, fleshy, more or less con-
vex, then expanded, obtusely umbonate, flocculose, fibrillose, con-
centrically scaly, dry; margin thin, torn, fimbriate. St. 5-6 cm. x 6-
8 mm., violet above, pallid below, equal, silky. Gills violet, then umber,
adnexed, rounded behind, or slightly sinuate, 4-6 mm. broad, scarcely
crowded, edge paler, serrulate. Flesh thin. Spores ferruginous, ellip-
tical, 7-8 x 4/z. Amongst grass in open places. Uncommon.
***Gills bright cinnamon, red, or yellow.
434. C. (Dermo.) phoeniceus (Bull.) Maire. (= Cortinarius miltinus
Quel. non Fr.) Boud. Icon. t. 112, as Cortinarius miltinus Fr.
s, purple-red.
11—2
164 CORTTNABIUS
P. 2-5 cm., bay brown cinnamon, or dark cinnamon when moist, be-
coming bright bay when dry, fleshy, convex, then expanded, broadly
gibbous, or umbonate, flexuose, fibrillosely silky. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-
9 mm., pale, reddish fibrillose below, equal, or slightly thickened at
the base, rigid, striate. Cortina red, fibrillose. Gills reddish, then
ferruginous, adnate, 3-5 mm. broad, somewhat crowded, thin. Flesh
fuscous under the cuticle of the p., becoming paler, tinged reddish in
the St., thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5/i, multi-guttu-
late. Smell none, or of radish. Woods, especially birch. Sept. — Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
435. C. (Denno.) semisanguineus (Brig.) Maire. Eolland, Champ, t. 66,
no. 146. Semi, half; sanguineus, bloody.
P. 3-6 cm., tan, or tawny olivaceous, becoming paler, convex, then
plane, silky. St. 3-6 cm. x 6-8 mm., paler tawny, or yellowish, equal,
often slightly thickened at the base. Cortina tawny, fibrillose. Gills
blood red, sinuato-adnate, broad, or narrow, crowded, thick. Flesh
fuscous, becoming pale, thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous,
elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4//.. Woods, and heaths under birches. Aug. —
Nov. Common, (v.v.)
436. C. (Denno.) cinnabarinus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 113.
Kivvdfiapi, dragon's blood.
P. 2-7-5 cm., scarlet-red, fleshy, campanulate, then flattened, obtuse,
or obtusely umbonate, silky, then becoming smooth and shining. St.
3-6 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, equal, sometimes bulbous, fibrillose,
or striate. Cortina cinnabar colour, fibrillose, lax. Gills concolorous,
dark blood colour when bruised, adnate, subdecurrent, subdistant, often
connected by veins; edge unequal and darker. Flesh concolorous,
then paler, firm. Spores ferruginous, almond-shaped, 10-13 x 5-6/x,
verrucose. Smell of radish. Woods, especially beech. Sept. — Nov.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
437. C. (Denno.) sanguineus (Wulf.) Fr. Grevillea, t. 110, fig. 5.
Sanguineus, bloody.
P. 2-5-5 cm., dark blood colour, becoming paler when dry, fleshy,
convex, then plane, obtuse, or slightly umbonate, sometimes de-
pressed, shaggy, or squamulose. St. 5-10 cm. x 4r-6 mm., concolorous,
or darker, equal, or slightly attenuated downwards, flexuose, clothed
with concolorous fibrils, base sometimes white. Cortina blood red,
arachnoid, fugacious. Gills concolorous, then rust colour, adnate,
sinuate, crowded. Flesh reddish, paler, thin, pouring out a blood red
juice when pressed. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 /M,
1-guttulate, verrucose. Smell of radish, sometimes obsolete. Woods,
especially of conifers. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
COBTINABIUS 165
438. C. (Dermo.) anthracinus Fr. avOpa%, coal.
P. 2-3 cm., dark chestnut, or brown fuscous, often reddish rose colour
at the margin, fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate, fibrillose,
becoming smooth. St. 4-5 cm. x 3-5 mm., intense blood colour, fus-
cous, or yellow at the base, equal, fibrillose. Gills deep red, or fiery in
colour, becoming blood red when bruised, then rust colour with the edge
deep red, sinuato-adnate, crowded. Flesh concolorous (lilac according
to Quelet), soft, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, elliptical,
7 x 5/z, punctate. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
439. C. (Dermo.) cinnamomeus (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 777, t. 777.
Kivvdfiwfjiov, cinnamon.
P. 1-10 cm., somewhat cinnamon, or tawny ochraceous, fleshy, convex,
then expanded, obtusely umbonate, silky, or squamulose with innate
fibrils, at length becoming smooth. St. 5-9 x -5-1 cm.,
'i, equal, fibrillose. Cortina yellowish, fibrillose. Gills yellowish,
then cinnamon, adnate, broad, thin, crowded, shining. Flesh yellowish,
thin, scissile. Spores dark ochraceous, elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5 /A, 1-guttu-
late, "faintly punctate" Kick. Coniferous, and deciduous woods.
Aug. — Feb. Common, (v.v.)
var. croceus (Schaeff.) Fr. tcpotcos, saffron colour.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, and its bright yellow st., and
gills. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
440. C. (Dermo.) croceo-conus Fr. #po«o9, saffron; /e«z/o9, a cone.
P. 3-5 cm., fulvous cinnamon, conical, then campanulate, per-
sistently acute, almost glabrous. St. 7—12 cm. x 4 mm., yellowish,
flexuose. Gills cinnamon, ascending, linear, crowded. Flesh very thin,
1mm. thick. Spores " elliptical, almost smooth, 8-9-5 x 5ju, " Kauffm.
Subcaespitose. Amongst moss in coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
441. C. (Dermo.) uliginosus Berk. Cke. lUus. no. 781, t. 851.
Uligo, marshy ground.
P. 3-5 cm., bright red brown, almost brick-red, fleshy, campanulato-
conical, then expanded, very strongly umbonate, silky, sometimes
streaked. St. 3-8 cm. x 3-8 mm., paler than the p., flexuose. Gills
yellow, becoming olive, then cinnamon, adnate with a tooth, distant.
Flesh yellow-olive, then cinnamon, thick at the disc. Spores dark
ochraceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 /M. Amongst Sphagnum in woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
442. C. (Dermo.) orellanus Fr. non Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 776, t. 787,
lower figs. 0/009, a mountain.
P. 3-7 cm., orange tawny, fleshy, convex, then convexo-plane, more
or less undulate, umbonate, covered with concolorous, or deeper coloured
166 CORTINABIUS
fibrillose squamules. St. 2-5—9 cm. x 4-20 mm., tawny, equal, or
attenuated upwards, striato-fibrillose, or smooth. Cortina tawny,
fibrillose. Gills tawny, then rust colour, broadly adnato-sinuate, broad,
thick, distant, often veined on the sides. Flesh concolorous, reddening,
thin at the margin. Spores brownish ferruginous, broadly elliptical,
8-11 x 5-6 /i, 1-multi-guttulate, verrucose. Woods, and heaths.
Aug. — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
443. C. (Denno.) malicorius Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 155, fig. 1.
Malicorlum, the rind of a pomegranate.
P. 3-6 cm., tawny, disc darker, golden, and floccose at the margin,
fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, velvety, or fibrillose. St. 4-
5 cm. x 12 mm., golden, at length fuscous, and olivaceous, covered with
golden fibrils. Cortina golden, fibrillose. Gills golden tawny, rounded
behind, adnexed, crowded, edge at length floccose and discoloured.
Flesh yellow, then greenish olive, rather thick, scissile. Spores "ellip-
tical, 8-9 x 4-5 /A, faintly punctate " Rick. Taste pleasant. Coniferous
woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
444. C. (Denno.) infucatus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 155, fig. 2.
Infucatus, painted.
P. 2-5-4 cm., bright yellow, fleshy, convex, obtuse, silky when dry.
St. 4-7-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., pale light yellow, equally attenuated upwards
from the clavate base, fibrillose. Cortina yellow, fibrillose. Gills tawny,
then cinnamon, adnate, almost linear, 2 mm. broad, crowded, thin.
Flesh whitish. Spores "elliptical, 10 x 5 /A" Massee. Woods. Sept.
—Oct. Rare.
445. C. (Denno.) colymbadinus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 155, fig. 3.
K0\vfif3d<$, swimming.
P. 5-8 cm., honey tan colour, becoming yellowish when dry, some-
what fleshy, convex, then expanded, scarcely umbonate, often repand,
covered with yellow, fugacious fibrils, then smooth, and shining. St.
5-10 cm. x 6-8 mm., pallid, equal, somewhat naked, fibrillosely-
striate, sometimes twisted. Cortina almost none, very fugacious.
Gills dark ferruginous, adnate, 4-8 mm. broad, subdistant, thick, edge
white-floccose. Flesh pallid, darker at the base of the st., scissile. Spores
"subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 p,, almost spinose" Rick. Smell very strong
of radish. Pine, and beech woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
****01ivaceous, veil dingy pallid, or fuscous.
P. not torn into scales.
446. C. (Denno.) cotoneus Fr. KOTIVOS, the wild olive.
P. 4-8 cm., olivaceous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse,
somewhat repand, innately velvety, fragile when old. St. 5-9 x 1-
CORTINARIUS 167
1-5 cm., pale olivaceous, bulbous, somewhat fibrillose. Cortina yellow
olivaceous, persistent, woven into a fuscous zone towards the apex of
the st. Gills olivaceous, then cinnamon, adnate, separating, 4-6 mm.
broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh pale olivaceous, deeper coloured in
the st., thin, lax, soft. Spores ferruginous, subglobose, 8-9 x S/n,
granular. Taste mild. Woods, especially oak. Sept. — Oct. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
447. C. (Dermo.) subnotatus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 784, t. 832.
Subnotatus, marked.
P. 6-10 cm., olivaceous, becoming yellowish, then fuscous, fleshy,
conical, campanulate, then expanded, gibbous, at first covered with
hoary, silky fibrils, then smooth. St. 7-10 x 1-1-5 cm., pale olivaceous,
conical, equally attenuated upwards, often curved and flexuose,
fibrillose, or squamulose with the yellowish cortina, apex naked,
silvery-shining. Cortina yellowish, fibrillose, inconspicuous. Gills
bright ochraceous, then olivaceous cinnamon, adnate, 6—10 mm. broad,
subdistant, often connected by veins. Flesh yellowish, very thin at the
margin. Spores "elliptical, 6-8 x 5-6 p, granular" Massee. Smell
of radishes or none. Beech woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
448. C. (Dermo.) raphanoides (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 786, t. 833,
fig. A. pa(f)avi<;, a radish; etSo?, like.
P. 2-5-5 cm., fuscous olivaceous, becoming tawny, fleshy, campanu-
late, then expanded, obtusely umbonate, often undulate, silky fibrillose,
then smooth. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., olivaceous, becoming pallid, equal,
or slightly attenuated upwards from the somewhat thickened base,
sometimes twisted, fibrillose. Cortina pallid olive, filamentous, often
forming a narrow ring-like zone on the st. Gills subolivaceous, then
cinnamon, and subferruginous, adnate, slightly ventricose, scarcely
crowded, edge often paler. Flesh pallid, or ochraceous, thick at the
disc, firm, then soft. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/n,
granular. Smell strong of radish. Taste bitter. Beech, birch, and
fir woods. Sept. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
449. C. (Dermo.) valgus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 785, t. 750.
Valgus, bow-legged.
P. 5-8 cm., yellowish fuscous, becoming paler, somewhat brick red
when dry, fleshy, fragile, convex, then expanded and subumbonate,
smooth; margin submembranaceous. St. 6-12 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid,
smooth, shining, attenuated upwards, often somewhat twisted, apex
lilac and substriate; base white-tomentose, bulbous, rooting. Gills
yellowish, then cinnamon, adnate, somewhat separating, 4-6 mm.
broad, subdistant. Flesh yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores pale
ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 5/u,. Smell none, or of radish. Amongst
moss in coniferous woods. Oct. Uncommon.
168 CORTINARIUS
450. C. (Dermo.) venetus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 155, fig. 4.
Venetus, sea-coloured.
P. 4-5 cm., green, then greenish yellow, yellowish when dry, fleshy,
hemispherical, obtusely umbonate, covered with a persistent, erect,
yellow, velvety tomentum. St. 5-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, or paler,
equal, often curved, firm, very fibrillosely silky, base often yellow and
villous. Cortina green, or citron yellow, fibrillose. Gills olivaceous,
darker than the p., then brownish, adnate, very broad, in the form of a
segment, often connected by veins, subdistant. Flesh pale yellowish; or
greenish yellow, thick at the disc, soft. Spores "olivaceous, elliptical,
10/1, echinulate " Bataille, "subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 /x, roughish"
Rick. Smell of radish. Taste acrid. Beech, and fir woods. Aug. —
Oct. Rare.
5. Telamonia Fr.
(re\afjicav, a broad linen bandage.)
Pileus thinly fleshy, or abruptly thin at the margin, moist, hygro-
phanous, smooth or sprinkled with superficial whitish fibres of the
veil. Stem cortinate, and annulate, hence the veil is somewhat double.
I. Gills very broad, rather thick, more or less distant.
St. spongy, and wholly fibrous.
*St. and cortina white, or whitish.
451. C. (Tela.) macropus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 787, t. 788.
fjt,aicp6s, long; TTOV<?, a foot.
P. 5-9 cm., brick colour, at length becoming ferruginous, paler at the
margin, which is at first incurved, fleshy, convex, then flattened,
obtuse, dry, hoary with very small squamules, becoming smooth. St.
7-5-15 x 1-2-5 cm., dingy whitish, then concolorous, subequal, fibrillose.
Cortina white, forming a distant, inferior, narrow woven ring. Gills
pallid, then watery cinnamon, adnexed, very broad, 1-2-5 cm., distant,
edge sometimes crenate. Flesh whitish, then cinereous, thin at the
margin, firm, then soft. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9-10 x 5 /M,
minutely punctate. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
452. C. (Tela.) laniger Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 156, fig. 2.
Laniger, wool bearing.
P. 5-9 cm., bright or dark tawny, sometimes becoming pale, fleshy,
hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, at first floccosely squamulose
with whitish fiocci, then becoming smooth, silky towards the margin.
St. 5—10 x 2—4 cm., white, equal, or bulbous, sometimes ventricose,
more or less distinctly sheathed by the veil. Cortina white, forming a very
soft, shining white, distinct ring, very delicate above. Gills bright
saffron cinnamon, then shining tawny, adnate, or sinuate, at first
crowded, then subdistant, sometimes transversely veined. Flesh
CORTINABITJS 169
white, reddish white in the st. at length becoming tawny at the base, thick
at the disc, thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped,
9-10 x 6/i, punctate. Smell strong. Coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct.
Eare. (v.v.)
453. C. (Tela.) bivelus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 156, fig. 1.
Bis, twice; velum, a veil.
P. 5-12 cm., tawny ferruginous, often spotted, or darker at the disc,
fleshy, convexo-plane, always obtuse, bibulous, smooth, or slightly
silky round the margin, shining, rarely opaque, sometimes rivulose.
St. 6-8 x 1-2 cm., dingy white, bulbous, or equally attenuated, fibril-
losely villous. Cortina white, sheathing, terminating in a spurious and
fugacious ring, thin and vanishing above. Grills ochraceous, then bright
tawny cinnamon, adnate, or subemarginate, at first crowded, then
subdistant. Flesh white, becoming somewhat ferruginous in the stem,
thick, spongy in the stem. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, often
pointed at the base, 9-10 x 6-7 /A, 1-2-guttulate, punctate, "almost
smooth" Rick. Smell "strong," "pleasant" Quel. Taste mild. Woods,
and heaths. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
454. C. (Tela.) bulbosus (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 130.
Bulbosus, bulbous.
P. 5-7-5 cm., date brown, becoming fuscous brick colour when dry,
fleshy, campanulato-expanded, obtuse, or broadly gibbous, even, ozfibril-
losely squamulose towards the margin from the torn epidermis. St.
4-7-5 x 1-1-5 cm., paler than the p., becoming whitish, tinged saffron-
yellow at the bulbous base, equal. Cortina white, sheathing, forming a
fugacious ring. Gills dark, then brown-cinnamon, adnate, broad, sub-
distant. Flesh concolorous and pallid when damp, whitish when dry,
tinged with saffron-yellow at the base of the St., thick and compact at
the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6;u,, minutely
verrucose. Smell none, or of radish. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncom-
mon, (v.v.)
455. C. (Tela.) urbicus Fr. Grevillea, t. Ill, fig. 8.
Urbicus, pertaining to the city.
P. 3-5 cm., clay-whitish, fleshy, convexo-plane, smooth, pitted when
larger. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 12-15 mm., concolorous, equal, villous above
the ring when young. Cortina white, forming a narrow ring above
the middle of the st. Gills watery ferruginous, emarginate, broad,
thin, crowded. Flesh whitish, firm. Spores " ochraceous, pruniform,
8/i, punctate" Quel. Grassy places. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
456. C. (Tela.) licinipes Fr. Licinium, lint; pes, foot.
P. 5-7-5 cm., very pale yellow, tan pallid when dry, fleshy-membra-
naceous, campanulate, then convex, and flattened, obtusely umbonate,
170 CORTINARIUS
at length depressed round the umbo, smooth. St. 5-12 cm. x 6-
8 mm., pale white, at length fragile, equal, often flexuose, base white
villous, clothed with shining, white, fugacious, fioccoso-plumose scales
below the ring, even above. Cortina white, forming a distant, mem-
branaceous ring. Gills watery cinnamon, adnate, very broad behind,
up to 12 mm., somewhat crowded. Flesh watery white, thin. Fir
woods, and Sphagnum swamps. Oct. Rare.
var. robustior Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 792, t. 819. Robustior, firmer.
Differs from the type in being larger and stouter. Spores 10 x 6-7 /z.
Damp woods. Oct. Rare.
457. C. (Tela.) microcyclus Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 793, t. 865.
pi/epos, small; KVK\OS, a ring.
P. 2-3 cm., brick-red fuscous, disc darker, becoming paler and opaque
when dry, almost membranaceous, plano-convex, minutely umbonate,
smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid, then white, attenuated up-
wards from the subbulbous base. Cortina white, forming a ring-like
zone on the st. Gills lilac, then dark cinnamon, adnate, very broad,
almost ovate, distant, thin. Flesh thin. Spores "reddish brown in
the mass, elliptical, 5-7 x 4 /A " Herpell. Coniferous woods, and under
trees. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
**St. and gills violaceous. Cortina commonly white-violaceous,
universal veil white. Very distinguished.
458. C. (Tela.) torvus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 157, fig. 1. Torvus, wild.
P. 4-12 cm., brick colour, date brown, copper brown, fleshy, convex,
then flattened, obtuse, sprinkled with hoary squamules and fibrils, at
length becoming smooth. St. 7-12 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, becoming dis-
coloured, short and bulbous, then elongated and subequal, often curved,
sheathed to the middle, and forming a white, membranaceous, persistent
ring, fibrillose and floccosely scaly below the ring; apex pale violaceous,
silky; base white villous. Cortina white, villous, then fibrillose. Gills
violaceous, soon purplish umber, then dark cinnamon, subadnate, very
broad, 6-12 mm., thick, distant, fragile, at length sometimes veined
at the base. Flesh dingy, becoming whitish when dry, thick at the disc,
firm. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 5-6/x, 1-guttulate,
"warted" Rick. Smell "of camphor" Maire. Woods, especially
beech. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
459. C. (Tela.) impennis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 157, fig. 2.
In, not; penna, a feather.
P. 5-10 cm., umber, then brick colour, decolouring and dingy, fleshy,
convex, very obtuse, smooth; margin silky when young, at length
cracked. St. 5-10 x 1-2-5 cm., pale, becoming violet at the apex,
CORTINARIUS 171
I, scarcely bulbous, fibrillose, veil forming an incomplete
white zone towards the apex. Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills intense
bright violaceous, somewhat purplish, soon becoming watery ferruginous,
adnate, then emarginate, distant, rather thick. Flesh pallid, thick,
becoming azure blue at the apex of the st. Spores ferruginous, 9-10 x 6/z,
punctate. Woods, especially pine, and among dead leaves. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. lucorum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1190, t. 1192, as a species.
Lucus, a wood.
Differs from the type in the unicolorous, clavato-bulbous stem, in the
gills only being tinged with a fugacious violet, and in the firm dark
watery flesh becoming isabelline when dry. Woods. Sept. Bare.
460. C. (Tela.) plumiger Fr. Grevillea, t. 112, fig. 1.
Plumiger, feather-bearing.
P. 6-9 cm., fuscous, somewhat olivaceous when moist, brick tan when
dry, fleshy, conical, then campanulate, with a broad, obtuse, very pro-
minent umbo, then expanded, often cracked, dry, clothed with dense,
white, fioccoso-plumose scales, which are either erect and squarrose, or
adpressed and silky. St. 7-5-10 x 1 cm., pale, then often tinged with
citron yellow, very clavate, apex pubescent, floccosely scaly from the veil,
which forms a ring-like zone at the apex. Cortina white, floccose. Gills
violaceous, soon watery then pure cinnamon, adnate, scarcely crowded,
broad; edge lilac, or clay colour, often denticulate. Flesh white, or
lilac, then yellowish, thin, firm. Smell unpleasant, foetid. Spores ferru-
ginous, almond-shaped, 13-15 x 7-8/>i, minutely echinulate. Coni-
ferous, and mixed woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
461. C. (Tela.) scutulatus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 158, fig. 2.
Scutulatus, diamond- or lozenge-shaped.
P. 2-5 cm., purple umber, or brick fuliginous, very hygrophanous,
brick colour when dry, fleshy, ovato-globose, then campanulato-hemi-
spherical, obtuse, sometimes umbonate, or umbilicate, white silky
round the margin, then naked, rivulose in the form of innate squamules,
sometimes lacunoso-wrinkled. St. 5-15 cm. x 4-12 mm., deep vio-
laceous, at length becoming fuscous, cylindrical, or bulbous at the
extreme base, white villous at the base, rigid, somewhat rooting,
fibrillosely striate, veil sheathing and forming a white, narrow, mem-
branaceous ring. Cortina white, floccose. Gills violaceous, then purple,
at length cinnamon, adnate, rarely emarginate, 6 mm. broad, more or
less distant, edge often white and serrate when young. Flesh violace-
ous, firm, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4//,,
1-multi-guttulate, "slightly punctate" Rick. Smell "strong, of
radish, or of violets " Quel. Woods, and moist places. Aug. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
172 CORTINARIUS
462. C. (Tela.) evernius Fr. Luc. Champ, t. 191.
ev-epvrjs, flourishing.
P. 3-10 cm., purple bay brown, brick colour when dry, becoming
isabelline-hoary when old, very hygrophanous, fleshy, conico-campanu-
late, then flattened, obsoletely umbonate, adpressedly silky, then
smooth, at length rimosely incised, and torn into fibrils, fragile. St.
7-15 x 1-1-5 cm., violaceous, becoming pale, equal, or attenuated down-
wards, substriate, squamulose and obsoletely zoned with the white veil.
Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills violaceous purple, becoming pale, then
cinnamon, adnate, ventricose, very broad, 8-20 mm., distant. Flesh
concolorous in the p., violaceous in the St., very thin at the margin.
Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6 (JL, 1-2-guttulate, "faintly
warted " Eick. Smell like mushrooms. Deciduous, and pine woods,
and damp places. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
463. C. (Tela.) quadricolor (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 799, t. 867.
Quadricolor, four coloured.
P. 4-7-5 cm., pallid yellow, then somewhat tawny, shining when dry,
fleshy, conical, then flattened, umbonate, smooth, at length spotted ;
margin radiato-striate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., violaceous, becoming
whitish, equal, flexuose, subrigid, fibrilloso-striate with the adpressed
veil, which forms an oblique, fugacious, white ring. Cortina white,
fibrillose. Gills dark violaceous, or purplish, then cinnamon, adnate,
6-8 mm. broad, distant, white- serrated at the edge. Flesh yellowish,
thin. Spores ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5/t, multi-guttu-
late, "nearly spinulose " Rick. Woods, especially beech. Sept. — Oct.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
***St. and veil reddish or yellow. Gills tawny, or cinnamon,
never violaceous, nor becoming brown.
464. C. (Tela.) armillatus Fr. (= Cortinarius haematochelis (Bull.) Fr.)
Fr. Icon. t. 158, fig. 1. Armillatus, having a bracelet.
P. 4-12 cm., red- or fuscous-brick colour, fleshy, cylindrical, then
campanulate, at length flattened, often gibbous, smooth, then innately
fibrillose, or squamulose; margin at first incurved. St. 6-15 x 1-2 cm.,
white, becoming brownish with age, equal, base bulbous, the red veil
forming one to four distant, oblique cinnabar zones, striate when old,
and reddish fibrillose at the base. Cortina reddish white, fibrillose.
Gills pallid cinnamon, then dark ferruginous, almost bay brown, adnate,
slightly rounded, very broad, 10-15 mm., distant. Flesh dingy pallid,
isabelline in the St., thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous,
elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/x, multi-guttulate, minutely verrucose. Smell
of radish, or none. Woods, and heaths. Aug. — Oct. Common.
(v.v.)
COBTINARIUS 173
465. C. (Tela.) paragaudis Fr.
Paragaudis, a border worked on a garment.
P. 2-5-7-5 cm., bay, becoming tawny or yellowish tan colour when dry,
fleshy, conical, then campanulate, and expanded, umbonate, often
repand and torn on the surface, fragile. St. 7-15 x 1-1-5 cm., brick-
red, becoming pale, reddish at the base, equal, or ventricose, curved
and somewhat twisted, or undulate and flexuose, covered with reddish
flocci, or squamules. Cortina whitish, fibrillose. Gills pale, then be-
coming dark cinnamon, adnate, separating, ventricose, crowded, or
subdistant, edge unequal. Flesh paler, thick at the disc. Spores
"subelliptical, 8-10 x 4-5 /*, punctate" Rick. Damp places under
pines. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
var. praestigiosus Fr. Praestigiosus, delusive.
Differs from the type in the submembranaceous pileus being striate
to the disc, in the thin stem, 2-3 mm. thick, and the tawny cinnamon,
linear gills. Under pines, and amongst Scirpus caespitosus. Rare.
466. C. (Tela.) croceo-fulvus (DC.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1191, t. 1193.
tcpo/cos, saffron ;fulvus, tawny.
P. 5—10 cm., orange-tawny, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtusely
umbonate, or gibbous, smooth. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-18 mm., yellow,
becoming reddish, equal, veil forming a rufous orange zone, apex pale.
Gills becoming ferruginous, adnate, slightly sinuate, 6-8 mm. broad,
rather distant. Flesh bright yellow. Spores obovate, 8-10 x 6/i,
rough. Woods. Sept. Rare.
467. C. (Tela.) limonius Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 159, fig. 1.
Limonius, lemon-yellow.
P. 5-10 cm., tawny lemon yellow, ochraceous yellow and opaque when
dry, very hygrophanous, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth when
moist, rimosely incised when dry. St. 6-8 cm. x 12 mm., yellow, equal,
base attenuated or thickened, and at length deep saffron, fioccosely scaly
with the light yellow veil, which often forms a floccose ring at the apex.
Gills yellow, or light yellow, at length tawny cinnamon, adnate, rarely
emarginate, distant. Flesh concolorous, soft. Spores golden tawny,
elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/n, minutely echinulate. Smell slight of radish,
or none. Coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct. Tin common, (v.v.)
468. C. (Tela.) helvolus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 802, t. 804, fig. B.
Helvolus, pale yellow.
P. 3-7-5 cm., dark tawny cinnamon, very pale yellow when dry,
fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, smooth; margin
incurved, at first cortinate. St. 5-20 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, at
length fuscous ferruginous, equal, either attenuated upwards, or at
the base, fibrillose, girt above with an annular, narrow, oblique,
174 COBTINABIUS
ferruginous, margined zone formed by the woven veil. Gills tawny, then
dark cinnamon, very emarginate, 8 mm. broad, distant, thick, often
veined at the base, opaque. Flesh tawny, firm, fuscous ferruginous in
the st. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/Lt, verrucose " Rick.
Woods, and wooded pastures. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
469. C. (Tela.) hinnuleus (Sow.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 803, t. 805.
Hinnuleus, a young stag.
P. 3-6 cm., pallid tawny cinnamon, becoming pale, shining when dry,
fleshy, campanulato-expanded, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, some-
times depressed at the disc, smooth ; margin at first silky and white.
St. 2-5-10 cm. x 4-12 mm., dingy tawny, or fuscous, equal, or attenu-
ated downwards, rigid, white-silky with the adpressed silky veil, and
white-zoned above with the membranqceous, or fibrillose veil, which is
often oblique, or fugacious. Gills ochraceous, then tawny ferruginous,
more or less emarginato-adnexed, 8-10 mm. broad, distant, thin, often
connected by veins. Flesh concolorous, often reddish in the st., thick
at the disc, firm. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 6-7 /A,
granular. Smell strong, slightly of radish, or none. Taste mild, then
slightly acrid. Woods, and heaths. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
470. C. (Tela.) gentilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 159, fig. 2.
Gentilis, of the same race.
P. 1-4 cm., tawny cinnamon, yellow when dry, very hygrophanous,
fleshy, conico-expanded, then flattened, acutely umbonate, rimosely
incised, often somewhat silky. St. 6-9 cm. x 2-8 mm., concolorous,
equal, or attenuated at the base, often curved, fibrillose, veil forming
one or more oblique, yellow annular zones, sometimes floccoso-scaly
below the ring, base white tomentose. Gills yellow, then tawny cinna-
mon, adnate, thick, very distant, often connected by veins. Flesh con-
colorous, thin at the margin. Spores bright ochraceous, elliptical, or
pip-shaped, 7-8 x 6/x, granular, 1-guttulate. Gregarious. Woods,
especially pines, and heaths. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
471. C. (Tela.) helvelloides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 159, fig. 3.
Helvella, the genus Helvella; eZSo?, like.
P. 1-3 cm., ferruginous, becoming tawny when dry, submembranaceous,
convex, then flattened, umbonate, smooth, rarely fibrillose when
young, substriate when moist, cracked and squarrose when more fully
grown. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., subferruginous, equal, very undulate
and flexuose, apex white silky and glittering, veil forming a yellow,
ring-like zone at the apex. Gills violaceous umber, then ferruginous,
adnate, rather broad, very thick, very distant, edge white-fioccose. Flesh
ferruginous in the St., very thin at the disc. Spores ferruginous,
"elliptical, 9-10 x 5-5-5/Lt, verrucose" Rick. Moist woods. Aug. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
COBTINARITJS 175
472. C. (Tela.) rubellus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 806, t. 835.
Rubellus, reddish.
P. 5-7-5 cm., rufous orange, darker at the umbo, fleshy, campanulate,
then expanded. St. 7-10 x 1-1-5 cm., pale above, darker below, equal,
or attenuated upwards, marked with concentric, dark ferruginous,
fibrillose bands. Gills pale, then bright ferruginous red, adnate, sinuate,
rather narrow, scarcely crowded. Flesh reddish ochre, thick at the
disc. Spores ferruginous, pyriform, 8 x 5/x,, minutely rough. Swampy
places. Sept.— Oct. Rare.
****St. becoming fuscous, veil fuscous, or dirty, gills dark
coloured.
473. C. (Tela.) bovinus Fr. (= Cortinarius brunneus (Pers.) Fr. sec Bar-
bier.) Cke. Illus. no. 807, t. 822. Bovinus, pertaining to oxen.
P. 6-12 cm., watery cinnamon, becoming tawny when dry, convex,
then plane, obtuse, or gibbous, smooth, fragile, opaque, hygrophanous.
St. 6-8 x 2-2-5 cm., dingy pallid, becoming fuscous cinnamon, very
bulbous, veil forming a simple, interwoven fuscous zone, apex whitish.
Gills cinnamon, becoming dark, adnexed, very broad, 12 mm., distant.
Flesh pallid, watery, thick at the disc, spongy in the st. Spores pale
ferruginous, elliptical, 9-13 x 6-7 /A, coarsely verrucose. Pine, and
deciduous woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
474. C. (Tela.) nitrosus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 808, t. 837.
Nitrosus, full of natron.
P. 5-7-5 cm., fawn colour, or tawny, disc darker and brownish, fleshy,
obtuse, convex, then expanded, margin undulate, soon breaking up
into minute, subconcentric darker scales. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., ochraceous,
base darker, subequal, marked below with concentric darker squamose
bands. Gills violet, then watery cinnamon, emarginate, rather broad,
subdistant. Flesh pale brown, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, ellip-
tical, 12 x 4jLt. Smell stinking, nitrous. Mixed woods. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon.
475. C. (Tela.) brunneus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 810, t. 854.
Brunneus, brown.
P. 5-10 cm., umber, dirty brick tan colour when dry, fleshy, cam-
panulate, then expanded, disc obtusely umbonate, smooth, innately
fibrillose towards the margin. St. 6-10 cm. x 8-12 mm., becoming
fuscous, clavate, or attenuated upwards from the thickened base,
elastic, covered with dense, minute white striae, veil dingy white, forming
a brownish white, ring-like zone. Gills dark purple cinnamon, then brown,
at length umber brown, adnate, then adnexed, 10-15 mm. broad, thick,
distant, often transversely veined, broadest in the middle. Flesh
pallid fuscous, thick only at the umbonate disc. Spores ferruginous,
176 CORTINARIUS
broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6/i, minutely verrucose. Woods, heaths,
and swampy places. Sept. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
476. C. (Tela.) injucundus (Weinm.) Fr. (= Cortinarius brunneus
(Pers.) Fr. sec. Barbier.) Cke. Illus. no. 809, t. 823.
Injucundus, unpleasant.
P. 6-10 cm., fuscous cinnamon, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse,
fibrillose. St. 6-10 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, then tawny yellow, clavate,
attenuated upwards, covered with fuscous fibrils, veil fuscous. Gills
lilac tan, then cinnamon, emarginate, very broad, 8-10 mm. Flesh
pale reddish, compact, firm. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, or pip-
shaped, 10-11 x 5-6 p,, granular. Smell musty, or pleasant. Fir
woods, and under conifers. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
477. C. (Tela.) brunneofulvus Fr. Brunneus, brown ;fulvus, tawny.
P. 5-11 cm., tawny cinnamon, scarcely changing colour when dry,
fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, obsoletely umbonate, smooth,
minutely fibrilloso-virgate with innate addressed hairs under a lens,
margin at first white, fibrillose. St. 7—10 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, or
paler, attenuated upwards, fibrillosely striate, veil dingy white, forming
a fugacious zone. Gills tawny cinnamon, opaque, adnate, very broad,
12-20 mm., subdistant, soft. Flesh pale tawny, thin. Spores ferru-
ginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4— 5ju,, granular. Woods, heaths, and swampy
places. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
478. C. (Tela.) glandicolor Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 812, t. 789.
Glans, acorn; color, colour.
P. 2-5 cm., brown, or cinnamon-brown, tan colour or isabelline when
dry, submembranaceous, conical, then expanded, generally obtusely
umbonate, soon glabrous; margin striate when moist, sprinkled with
thin, short, white fibrils when dry. St. 7-12-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., con-
colorous, at length date brown fuscous, equal, straight, sometimes undu-
late, fibrillosely striate, veil forming a woven, white, distant, fugacious
ring. Gills concolorous, or umber, adnate, rounded in front, very dis-
tant, somewhat thick, up to 8 mm. broad. Flesh concolorous, very thin.
Spores "tawny, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6 /it, rough " Bataille. Pine woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
var. curtus Fr. Curtus, shortened.
Differs from the type in the umbo of the p. becoming somewhat black,
and in the short (2-5 cm.)flexuose st., peronate and zoned by the white veil.
479. C. (Tela.) punctatus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 813, t. 855.
Punctatus, dotted.
P. 1-2 cm., hoary umber, becoming pale, tan colour when dry, sub-
membranaceous, conico-convex, umbo scarcely prominent, smooth,
CORTINARIUS 177
at length punctate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., yellow fuscous, equal,
undulated, fibrillose; girt with a pallid fuscous zone from the fugacious
veil. Gills brown cinnamon, adnate, very distant. Flesh yellowish,
thin, firm. Spores ochraceous, "elliptical, 10-12 x 7-Sfi, punctate-
warted" Rick. Smell strong. Pine, and beech woods. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon.
II. Gills narrow, thin, more or less crowded. P. thin. St. externally
more rigid, subcartilaginous, often attenuated downwards.
*St. whitish, pallid, not floccosely scaly.
480. C. (Tela.) trifonnis Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 814, t. 790, as var.
Schaefferi Fr. Triformis, three formed.
P. 4-8 cm., fawn colour, brownish, or livid yellowish, then yellowish
or honey colour, isabelline, or dingy tan when dry, very hygrophanous,
fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, or slightly gibbous, superficially
fibrillose, or becoming smooth, at length punctate-dotted, opaque.
St. 7-5 cm. x 12 mm., pallid, subbulbous, fragile, rather smooth,
ringed upwards with the woven veil, ring distant, white. Gills watery
honey colour, then watery cinnamon, adnate, subemarginate, ventricose,
8 mm. broad, subdistant, often connected by veins. Flesh whitish,
thin, spongy in the st. Spores ferruginous, " fusif orm-elliptical, 9-
10 x 4-5/x " Rick. Woods, especially beech. Oct. Uncommon.
var. fusco-paUens Fr. Fuscus, dark; pollens, pale.
Differs from the type in the fuscous, umbonate p. becoming pale, and
in the narrow (2-4 mm.), watery white gills. Coniferous woods.
var. melleo-pallens Fr. Melkus, honey colour; palkns, pale.
Differs from the type in the moist, isabelline yellow p. becoming
yellow, in the striate margin and the pallid yellowish, fragile st. Pine
woods.
481. C. (Tela.) bifonnis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 815, t. 869.
Biformis, two formed.
P. 3-8 cm., dark, or ferruginous brown, pale date brown and shining
when dry, submembranaceous, conical, then campanulate, at length
expanded, acutely umbonate, firm, smooth, rarely covered with fuga-
cious fibrils. St. 5-10 cm. x 6—8 mm., paler than the p., attenuated
downwards, distinctly striate, adpressedly fibrillose, firm. Ring white,
distinct, oblique, interwoven, sometimes obsolete. Gills grey, then
watery cinnamon, adnate, or emarginate, attenuated behind, connected
by veins, 6 mm. broad, rather crowded, edge often crenulate. Flesh
brownish, becoming pale, very thin except at the disc. Spores pale
ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4|u,, minutely punctate. Pine, and
mixed woods. Oct. Rare.
B. B. B. 12
178 CORTINABIUS
482. C. (Tela.) fallax Quel. Grevillea, t. 128, fig. 6.
Fallax, deceptive.
P. 1-1-5 cm., yellow, then cream ochraceous, campanulato-convex.
St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., whitish cream colour, flexuose, silky, lilac and
satiny above the ring. Ring white, narrow, fugacious. Gills cream
colour, then ochraceous, adnate, ventricose. Flesh white, thin. Spores
straw colour, ovoid pruniform, 8/Lt, punctate. Woods.
**St. inclining to violet.
483. C. (Tela.) periscelis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 816, t, 838.
7T€pi(TK€\i<;, a garter.
P. 2-5 cm., lilac, tawny at the disc, violaceous at the margin, fleshy,
hygrophanous, campanulate, then convex, umbonate, submembra-
naceous, covered with white silky fibrils. St. 7-10 cm. x 4-8 mm.,
concolorous, becoming fuscous when dry, equal, straight, fibrillose, the
fuscous veil forming several ^fibrillose zones, base white-villous. Gills
pallid, then dark ferruginous, adnate, narrow, crowded. Flesh pale
tawny, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8- 9 x 4-5/x, 1-2-guttulate.
Woods, bogs, and under beeches. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
484. C. (Tela.) flexipes Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 817, t. 824, fig. A.
Flexus, bent; pes, foot.
P. 1-3 cm., dark date-brown fuscous, or inclining to violaceous, be-
coming pale, very pale yellow when dry, becoming tan when old, fleshy,
at first conical and acute, then expanded and acutely umbonate, at
length depressed round the umbo, hoary fibrillose, finally naked,
torn when old. St. 6-10 cm. x 4 mm., pallid, violaceous throughout,
or at the apex, equal, flexuose, fioccoso-scaly below the ring; ring white,
woven, distinct. Gills purple, or umber violaceous, then cinnamon,
adnate, subdistant, edge whitish. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores
tawny, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 4-5 /A, rough, 1-guttulate. Woods. Sept. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
485. C. (Tela.) flabellum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 817, t. 824, fig. B.
Flabellum, a small fan.
P. 1-5-3 cm., olivaceous fuscous, tan when dry, submembranaceous,
conical, then flattened, generally acutely umbonate, at first covered
with white, superficial, separating scales, silky when dry, at length
rimosely incised, torn into fibrils. St. 5-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid,
becoming violet at the apex, equal, undulated, flexuose, fioccosely scaly,
Veil white, inferior, giving rise to the scales on the stem, terminating
in a ring which is sometimes perfect and entire, sometimes woven and
oblique, and sometimes wanting. Gills dark violaceous, then cinnamon,
and at length ferruginous, adnate, linear, narrow, crowded. Flesh paler,
very thin. Spores "elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 /u, minutely punctate" Rick.
COBTINARIUS 179
Smell strong, somewhat of radish. Gregarious. Woods, especially
beech, and damp places. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
***St. and p. tawny, ferruginous.
486. C. (Tela.) psammocephalus Fr. non Bull. Cke. Illus. no. 818,
t. 839, fig. A. ^a//,yu,o<?, sand; K€(j)a\^, head.
Entirely tawny cinnamon, becoming pale and somewhat golden when
dry. P. 2-5-5 cm., fleshy, convex, then plane, at length umbonate and
revolute, broken up into minute furfuraceous squamules. St. 2-5-
5 cm. x 4-8 mm., somewhat attenuated downwards, sheathed with
the continuous, squamulose veil. Cortina fibrillose. Gills at length
darker, umber cinnamon, sinuato-adnate, 4 mm. broad, crowded.
Flesh concolorous, or yellowish, thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical,
9-10 x 5-6ju, 1-2-guttulate, minutely verrucose. Woods, and char-
coal heaps. Aug. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
487. C. (Tela.) incisus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 160, fig. 1.
Incisus, cut into.
P. 1-3 cm., tawny ferruginous, opaque, more rarely date brown, or
olivaceous fuscous, fleshy, conico-convex, then expanded, very acutely
or obsoletely umbonate, naked, then, especially in dry weather, torn
into fibrils, or scales, even and shining when scorched by the sun. St.
2-5-10 cm. x 2-6 mm., tawny or ochraceous, equal, flexuose, fibrillose,
veil forming a woven, white ring, sometimes obsolete. Gills cinnamon-
ferruginous, adnate, subdistant. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores
ochraceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/n, 1-guttulate, rough. Subcaespitose,
or in troops. Woods, heaths, and dried up swamps. Sept. — Oct.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
488. C. (Tela.) iliopodius Fr. tXv?, mud; TTOU?, foot.
P. 2-5-5 cm., opaque cinnamon, tan when dry, fleshy, conical, then
expanded, generally acutely umbonate, silky with hoary fibrils, then
becoming smooth. St. 2-5-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., tawny, becoming fus-
cous, subcartilaginous, equal, flexuose, elastic, sheathed to the middle
by the white veil which becomes even and silky, cortinately ringed
where the sheathing ends, apex naked, fibrillosely striate. Gills cinna-
mon, adnate, thin, somewhat crowded. Flesh of st. saffron cinnamon,
thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 /x, with a large central
gutta, punctate. Woods, especially pine and beech. July — Dec.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
****St. floccosely scaly, and, as well as the p., fuscous.
489. C. (Tela.) hemitrichus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 820, t. 825.
r)jj,t,, half; Opil;, hair.
P. 2-5-8 cm., dark fuscous, fuscous tan when dry, umbo generally
persistently dark, fleshy, convexo-expanded, acutely or obtusely
12—2
180 CORTINARITJS
umbonate, or wholly obtuse, often umbilicate in large specimens,
covered wholly, or only round the margin, with white, fibrillose, curled,
erect, superficial fiocci, then becoming smooth. St. 4-7 cm. x 4-8 mm.,
concolorous, equal, firm, white fiocculose below the ring. Ring shining
white, median, woven, often membranaceous and reflexed. Gills clay
colour ("bluish clay" Quel.), then cinnamon, adnate, ventricose at the
base, rounded, 6 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh concolorous, be-
coming paler, thick at the disc. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-
6fji, punctate. Taste mild. Woods, heaths, and boggy ground, especi-
ally under birches. April — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
490. C. (Tela.) stemmatus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 160, fig. 3.
arefifia, a wreath.
P. 2-5 cm., date brown, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, convex, then
flattened, obtuse, fragile, hoary silky round the margin when moist,
fibrillose when dry. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., ferruginous date brown,
equal, or slightly attenuated at the base, often curved, soft, generally
floccosely squamulose with two to four white ring-like zones, sometimes
naked, apex paler, becoming silky even. Gills date brown, opaque,
narrow, 4 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh ferruginous date brown,
thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 5-6/z,
punctate. Moist woods, and heaths. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
491. C. (Tela.) rigidus (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Urns. no. 822, t. 791.
Rigidus, stiff.
P. 1-4 cm., bay cinnamon, fuscous when decaying, pale yellow, or
fuscous tan colour when dry, fleshy, conical, then convex, and expanded,
acutely or obtusely umbonate, or quite obtuse, at length depressed
round the umbo, smooth, becoming broken up into scales when fully
grown, margin at length pellucidly striate, at first silky from the white
veil. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-5 mm., concolorous, or becoming fuscous, or
pale, equal, straight, or flexuose, adpressedly fibrillose, girt with the
squamose, white veil. Ring white, floccose, sometimes membrana-
ceous. Gills cream colour, then cinnamon, adnate, broad, plane, some-
what crowded, often connected by veins. Flesh concolorous, thin at the
margin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/u,, minutely punc-
tate. Smell strong, taste mild. Woods, and heaths, especially under
birches. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
492. C. (Tela.) paleaceus (Weinm.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 160, fig. 4.
Paleaceus, chaffy.
P. 1-3 cm., fuscous, dingy when dry, very hygrophanous, sub-
membranaceous, conical, then expanded, acutely or obtusely umbo-
nate, silky with white, superficial squamuks, the remains of the veil,
becoming smooth, opaque. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous,
CORTINARIUS 181
paler when young, tough, equal, undulate, squamulose with white flocci,
base white-villose. Ring white, fibrillosely floccose, fugacious. Gills
pallid-whitish, then cinnamon, adnate, broad, crowded. Flesh con-
colorous, very thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, broadly ellip-
tical, 7-8 x 4-5 /u,, rough. Smell weak. Woods, especially beech, and
birch, also on boggy heaths. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
493. C. (Tela.) penicillatus (Fr.) Quel. (= Cortinarius (Inoloma) peni-
cillatus Fr.) Penicillatus, pencilled.
P. 2-4 cm., ferruginous fuscous, tawny when dry, fleshy, convex,
minutely umbonate, dry, densely fioccoso-scaly with dark, innate, ferru-
ginous fibrils. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., paler than the p., equal,
fragile, squamose to the apical ring with adpressed, fuscous, ferruginous,
concentric scales, paler and adpressedly silky above the ring. Gills
ochraceous, then cinnamon, sinuato-adnate, then separating, plane,
6 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores
pale ferruginous, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 5/i, minutely rough. Coniferous
woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
494. C. (Tela.) Iris Massee. tpis, the rainbow.
P. 2-3 cm., pale ochraceous brown, fleshy, hemispherical, then ex-
panded, acutely umbonate, silky, densely covered with minute white
fibrils, usually splitting at the margin. St. 5-7 cm. x 4 mm., orange
brown, conical, covered with concolorous, pointed, fibrillose squamules
below the bright brown, fibrillose ring, smooth, silky, and violet, becoming
pale above the ring. Gills dirty ochraceous, then bright orange brown,
very much cut out behind, slightly attached, moderately broad,
rather crowded. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores orange brown, ellip-
tical, obliquely apiculate, 10 x 5/u,. Solitary or in clusters of two to
four. Woods. Oct. Rare.
495. C. (Tela.) Cookei Quel. Cke. lUus. no. 821, t. 840, fig. B.
M. C. Cooke, the eminent English mycologist.
P. 1-2 cm., tawny yellow, conical, umbonate, fibrillose, covered with
a paler, shining, woolly veil. St. 3-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, equal,
flexuose, girt with several yellowish floccose zones. Gills violet, then
reddish, at length rust colour, adnate, 2-3 mm. broad, edge of ten floccose,
white. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7 x 3-5/Lt.
Damp woods. Rare.
6. Hydrocybe Fr.
(vSwp, water; KV^IJ, head.)
Pileus thinly fleshy, rarely compact, moist, hygrophanous, smooth,
or covered only with white, superficial fibrils. Stem not sheathed,
cortina rarely forming an arachnoid ring.
182 CORTINARIUS
I. P. somewhat fleshy, convex, or campanulato-convex, then ex-
panded, obtuse, or at length gibbous; margin at first incurved.
St. for the most part attenuated upwards.
*St. white, cortina of the same colour.
496. C. (Hydro.) firmus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 824, t. 792. Firmus, firm.
P. 4-8 cm., tawny ockraceous, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse,
firm, smooth, shining, dry. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., shining white, firm,
somewhat elastic, base clavate, subbulbous, rarely equal, fibrillosely
striate. Cortina white, fibrillose, sparse, fugacious. Gills almost con-
colorous, emarginate, crowded, fairly broad, thin. Flesh white, thick,
compact. Spores ferruginous, "tear-drop shaped, 9/z, minutely echinu-
late " Quel. Smell of horse-radish. Woods, and grassy places. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon.
497. C. (Hydro.) subferrugineus (Batsch) Fr.
Sub, somewhat ; ferrugineus, rust-colour.
P. 4-8 cm., ferruginous, or watery cinnamon, either tawny and
shining when dry, or becoming pale, more or less hygrophanous, fleshy,
convex, then expanded, obtuse, flexuose, firm. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm.,
pallid, more or less bulbous, attenuated upwards, adpressedly fibril-
lose, rigid, subcartilaginous. Cortina white, fibrillose, marginal, very
fugacious. Gills pallid, soon watery, then dark ferruginous, opaque,
very emarginate, often connected by veins, 6 mm. broad, more or less
crowded. Flesh dingy isabelline white, saffron yellow at the base of the
St., scissile, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-
5 ft, 1-guttulate, "warted" Rick. Smell strong, taste unpleasant.
Deciduous woods, and amongst rotting pine leaves. Sept. — Oct. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
498. C. (Hydro.) armeniacus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 826, t. 793.
Armeniacum, the apricot.
P. 5-12 cm., tawny cinnamon, ochraceous when dry, fleshy, rigid,
campanulate, then convex and flattened, broadly and obtusely umbo-
nate, smooth, here and there slightly striate at the margin. St.
5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, conico-attenuated, fibrillose, subcartilaginous,
rigid, elastic. Cortina white, somewhat sheathing, collapsing and form-
ing an adpressed, silky zone. Gills pallid, then tawny cinnamon,
shining, adnate, at length slightly rounded, rather broad, crowded.
Flesh somewhat concolorous, thin at the margin, scissile. Spores ferru-
ginous, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5/A, granular. Woods, especially pine.
Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. falsarius Fr. Falsarius, deceptive.
Differs from the type in the light yellowish p. becoming white when dry.
CORTINARIUS 183
499. C. (Hydro.) damascenus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 827, t. 856.
Damascenus, a damson.
P. 5-8 cm., bay cinnamon, disc often darker, becoming brick-red when
dry, firm, convex, then plane, globose, obtuse, or very obtusely
umbonate, smooth, generally rivulosely squamulose when dry. St.
6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, quite cylindrical, equal, firm, elastic, fibrillose.
Cortina white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills pallid, then pale cinnamon,
adnate, narrower in front, thin, subdistant, opaque. Flesh white,
firm, thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 12 x 6/A.
Taste acrid. Subcaespitose. Grassy places in woods, and pastures.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
500. C. (Hydro.) privignus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 828, t. 827.
Privignus, a step-son.
P. 4-6 cm.., fuscous, becoming hoary-pale with a very thin white film,
pallid tan when dry, very fragile', fleshy, convex, then flattened, often
reflexed and undulate, obtusely umbonate, dry, very hygrophanous.
St. 5-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., silvery-pale, equal, or attenuated upwards,
often twisted, white-silky. Cortina white, silky. Gills watery, then
opaque cinnamon, adnate, broad, not crowded, edge white-fimbriate,
serrate. Flesh white, hygrophanous, thin at the margin, fragile. Spores
pale ferruginous, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 4-5ju, punctate, 1-guttulate.
Smell unpleasant. Taste scarcely acrid. Pine, and oak woods. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
501. C. (Hydro.) duracinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 829, t. 809.
Duracinus, hard-berried.
P. 4—7 cm., watery brick colour, tan when dry, always opaque, fleshy,
campanulate, or convex, then plane, gibbous, or with a broad, obtuse
umbo, with an elevated ridge at the circumference, caused by the margin
being at first sharply and regularly bent inwards to the breadth of
1 mm. and white-silky, then becoming flattened and naked; cuticle
hard, rigid, fragile. St. 5-8 x 1-1 -5 cm., pale white, hard, fusiform,
or subbulbous, rooting at the attenuated base, smooth, rigid, with a thick,
cartilaginous, rigid, separable cuticle (the fragments of which when it
breaks up become revolute). Cortina white, appearing only as a nar-
row zone round the margin of the p. Gills whitish, then watery cinna-
mon, adnate, 4-6 mm. broad, moderately crowded; edge often white,
irregular. Flesh white, then tinged reddish, thick at the disc. Spores
ferruginous, " elliptical- almond-shaped, 10-11x5-6/4, punctate"
Rick. Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
502. C. (Hydro.) ffluminus Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 830, t. 841.
Illuminus, dull.
P. 4—8 cm., pale brick-red, or tawny cinnamon, brick-red tan when dry,
somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, gibbous, or obtusely umbonate
184 CORTINABITJS
smooth, minutely innato-fibrillose and virgate under a lens, moist.
St. 7-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., pallid, becoming ferruginous or yellowish,
attenuated upwards, sometimes twisted, fibrillosely silky, base white.
Cortina white, fibrillose, evident. Gills pale reddish tan, then cinnamon,
adnate, scarcely crowded, 4-10 mm. broad, often veined at the base.
Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores "ferruginous, subelliptical,
9-10 x 4-5/i, punctate " Rick. Pine, and deciduous woods. Sept.
Uncommon.
503. C. (Hydro.) tortuosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 161, fig. 1.
Tortuosus, twisted.
P. 3-7-5 cm., ferruginous bay, somewhat shining, dull ochraceous
when dry, submembranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, acutely
or obtusely umbonate, convex, or revolute, smooth, moist. St. 7-
10 cm. x 6-8 mm., silvery, becoming pale, apex at first tinged with
fugacious lilac, fragile, equal, generally twisted, naked, rooting. Gills
shining tawny, then ferruginous, becoming blood red when rubbed,
adnate, separating, 4-8 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid,
thin, fragile. Spores ferruginous, " subelliptical, 8-10 x 5-6 /A, spinu-
lose " Rick. Damp places in pine woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
504. C. (Hydro.) dilutus (Pers.) Fr. GreviUea, t. 85, fig. 2.
Dilutus, diluted.
P. 4-5 cm., bay brown, or watery brick colour, tan colour when dry,
opaque, fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate, umbo thin,
vanishing, silky and white at the margin, becoming smooth. St.
5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., whitish, opaque, slightly attenuated from the
base, white-silky, becoming smooth. Cortina white, silky, often col-
lapsing into patches, or forming spurious zones on the st. Gills ochra-
ceous, then pale cinnamon, deeply emarginate, very ventricose, 6-8 mm.
broad, crowded. Flesh white, becoming reddish, thin at the margin.
Spores brownish, "subglobose, 5-6 x 5/z, punctate " Rick. Decidu-
ous woods. Nov. Rare.
**St. and gills commonly inclining to violet.
505. C. (Hydro.) saturninus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 161, fig. 2.
Saturninus, dull.
P. 5-12 cm., dark bay-brown, somewhat umber when damp, soon
becoming pale brick colour, changing colour very much, fleshy, cam-
panulate, then expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, superficially white,
silky round the margin when young. St. 5-8 x 1-2-5 cm., deep violet,
becoming white, firm, thickened downwards, sometimes bulboso- ventri-
cose, fibrittosely striate. Cortina white, fibrillose, inferior, abundant.
Gills purplish, then watery ferruginous, rounded-adfixed, very broad,
8 mm., crowded, thin, fragile, edge often whitefloccose. Flesh violaceous,
CORTINARIUS 185
then whitish, thin at the margin. Spores yellowish ferruginous,
"almond shaped, 10-12 x 5-6 /A, punctate" Rick. Often subcaespi-
tose. Woods, and pastures. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
506. C. (Hydro.) sciophyllus Fr. (= Cortinarius saturninus Fr. var.
sciophyllus (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 161, fig. 3.
<TKid, shade; <fjv\\ov, leaf.
P. 2-5 cm., dark sky blue fuscous, or steel blue, fleshy, convex, then
expanded, obtuse, at first white silky round the margin from the
veil. St. 5-7 x 1 cm., violaceous, becoming ferruginous at the base,
attenuated upwards from the thickened base. Cortina white, very
abundant, collapsing and leaving many, Telamonia-like, white zones
on the st. Gills dark umber, adnate, narrow, 1-2 mm. broad, attenuated
from the st. to the margin, crowded. Flesh pale umber, thick at the
disc. Spores "ochraceous, elliptical, or subglobose, 8-9 x 6-8/1,,
granular " Bataille. Smell somewhat strong. Gregarious, or sub-
caespitose. Beech woods. Oct. Uncommon.
507. C. (Hydro.) imbutus Fr. (= Cortinarius bicolor Cke. sec. Bataille.)
Cke. Illus. no. 834, t. 870. Imbutus, saturated.
P. 5—10 cm., toast brown, then pale yellowish, fleshy, convex, obtuse,
smooth, obsoletely hoary-fibrillose towards the margin. St. 4-7 x 1-
2 cm., whitish, equal, sometimes twisted, scarcely fibrillose, apex pale
violaceous. Cortina white, appendiculate at the margin of the p. and
on the apex of the st., fugacious. Gills dark bluish grey, or violaceous
cinereous, then watery cinnamon, rounded, 6 mm. broad, with narrower
and shorter ones intermixed, subdistant. Flesh dingy, violaceous only at
the apex of the st., subequal. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/z.
Woods. Sept. Uncommon.
508. C. (Hydro.) castaneus (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 117.
Kaaravov, the chestnut tree.
P. 2-5 cm., fuscous chestnut, becoming pale and silky when dry,
shining, umbo becoming black, paler at the slightly scalloped margin,
and often white silky with the cortina, fleshy, firm, almost pliant,
campanulate, then flattened, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, rarely
umbilicate, often irregular, smooth. St. 4-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid
violaceous, or pallid rufescent, subequal, rarely thickened at the base
and rooting, cartilaginous, slightly fibrillose with the veil. Cortina
white, fibrillose, scanty. Gills violaceous, then ferruginous, adnate, or
emarginate, 4-6 mm. broad, thin, crowded, edge often whitish. Flesh
violaceous, darker under the cuticle of the p., thin. Spores ferruginous,
elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/x,, minutely verrucose. Taste pleasant. Edible.
Gregarious, sometimes caespitose. Woods, pastures, and roadsides.
June — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
186 COBTINABIUS
509. C. (Hydro.) bicolor Cke. (= Cortinarius imbutus Fr. sec. Bataille.)
Cke. Illus. no. 836, t. 871. Bicolor, two coloured.
P. 2-5 cm., dingy whitish, with an occasional tinge of lilac, fleshy,
campanulate, then expanded, broadly or acutely umbonate, some-
what fragile, smooth, silky shining. St. 5-8 cm. x 6-10 mm., pallid
•violet, becoming whitish, equal, or attenuated downwards. Cortina
white, fugacious. Gills purplish violet, then cinnamon, adnate with a
tooth, subventricose, rather broad, scarcely crowded, slightly eroded
at the edge. Flesh colour of the pileus, or paler, bright purplish at the
base of the St., pallid above, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, a little
attenuated towards one or both ends, 9-15 x 5-7 p., minutely verru-
cose. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
***St. and somewhat obsolete veil yellow or rufous.
510. C. (Hydro.) balaustinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 837, t. 794.
/3a\avcmov, the flower of the wild pomegranate.
P. 3-8 cm., reddish ferruginous, tawny brick-red and shining when
dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, moist, fibrillosely virgate
under a lens. St. 5—8 cm. x 10-12 mm., pale and streaked with red
when young, becoming ferruginous, often curved, clavately bulbous, or
attenuated upwards, firm. Cortina reddish. Gills reddish, then ferru-
ginous red, adnate, broad behind, somewhat crowded, at length sub-
distant. Flesh ferruginous in the st., thin. Spores ferruginous, "sub-
6-7 x 5-6/n, punctate " Kick. Beech woods. Oct. Un-
511. C. (Hydro.) colus Fr. Paulet, t. 99. Colus, distaff.
P. 2-5-5 cm., brown rufescent, paler brick colour and shining when
dry, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate.
St. 8-10 cm. x 4 mm., paler than the p., subbulbous, equally attenuated
upwards, base encircled with the blood red mycelium, sometimes rooting,
stiff, longitudinally fbrillose with fibrils of the same colour as the p.
Cortina tawny reddish, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills pale, then dark cinna-
mon, adnate, scarcely sinuate, 6 mm. broad, plane, firm, tough, rather
thick, scarcely crowded, veined at the base. Flesh concolorous, dingy
whitish when dry, thin. Spores ochrey-cinnamon, "dark under the
microscope, 9-10 x 5-6/*, almost spinulose, cystidia on edge of gill
vesiculose, 25-36 x 12-15ju, " Rick. Coniferous woods. Sept.— Oct.
Uncommon.
512. C. (Hydro.) isabellinus (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 839, t. 829.
Isabellinus, dirty linen colour.
P. 3-5 cm., yellowish, honey colour, yellow and shining when dry,
fleshy, convex, subumbonate, smooth. St. 7—10 cm. x 8 mm., yellow-
ish, equal, very rigid, firm, striate. Cortina concolorous, sparse, very
CORTINARIUS 187
fugacious. Gills yellow, then day cinnamon, adnate, broad, thin, sub-
distant, edge often yellowish. Flesh cream colour, firm. Spores "ellip-
tical, 7-9 x 4-5/A, rough " Bataille. Coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon.
513. C. (Hydro.) renidens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 162, fig. 1.
Renidens, glistening.
P. 2-5 cm., ferruginous tawny, ochraceous when dry, or only becoming
pale at the disc, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse, or gibbous, rarely
umbilicate, very smooth, shining. St. 4-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., pale
yellowish, then tawny, firm, equal, subcartilaginous, splitting up into
fibrils of the same colour as the p. Cortina yellow, laxly fibrillose,
fugacious. Gills pallid cinnamon, then tawny, adnate, separating free,
6 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh paler, thin, scissile. Spores
dark ochraceous, "subglobose, 6-7 x 6/A, minutely warted " Rick.
Smell weak. Deciduous woods. Sept. Uncommon.
514. C. (Hydro.) angulosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 162, fig. 2.
Angulosus, full of corners.
P. 4—8 cm., reddish tawny, somewhat variegated with darker spots,
opaque tawny yellow when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, very obtuse,
repand, hygrophanous, fragile, very smooth ; margin membranaceous,
splitting, flexuose. St. 3-7 cm. x 4-8 mm., somewhat tawny, firm,
equal, often twisted, striate. Cortina tawny, very fugacious. Gills
tawny, adnate, 6-8 mm. broad, thick, subdistant, fragile. Flesh yellow-
ish white, darker in the St., thin, firm. Spores ferruginous, "roundish-
elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6/4, minutely warted " Rick. Coniferous woods.
Aug. — Sept. Uncommon.
var. gracilescens Fr. Gracilescens, becoming slender.
Differs from the type in the st. being attenuated at the base. Pine
woods.
****St. inclining to fuscous ; cortina pallid, dirty, or white,
not yellow, gills dark.
515. C. (Hydro.) uraceus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 162, fig. 3. Uro, I burn.
P. 2—5 cm., umber, or brown, sometimes olivaceous, somewhat shining,
becoming brick colour when young, commonly tan or isabelline when dry,
fleshy, conical, then campanulate and expanded, umbonate, or ob-
tuse, smooth often becoming subfibrillose. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-8 mm.,
fuscous, sometimes olivaceous, apex becoming pale, at length becoming
entirely fuscous black, cylindrical, quite equal, firm, fibrillosely striate
with paler striae, becoming smooth, apex naked. Cortina fuscous,
superior, fibrillose, rarely noticeable. Gills cinnamon brown, adnate,
ventricose, 6mm. broad, distant, firm; edge sometimes white and
188 CORTINARIUS
fimbriately serrated. Flesh fuscous, darker in the St., thin. Spores
ferruginous, "subelliptical, 12-18 x 7-9jn, verrucose," Rick. Coni-
ferous woods. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
516. C. (Hydro.) jubarinus Fr. Jubar, radiance.
P. 3-7-5 cm., bright tawny cinnamon, shining, fleshy, campanulato-
flattened, obsoletely umbonate, often repand, undulate, at length
reflexed, disc depressed when large and old, smooth, becoming innately
fibrillose under a lens when old, silky round the margin when young.
St. 5-6 cm. x 4-12 mm., pale tawny, paler at the base and naked at the
apex, firm, equ.&l,fibrillosely striate. Cortina white, fibrillose, fugacious.
Gills tawny cinnamon, adnate, 2—6 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh pale
tawny in the St., thick at the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, pip-shaped,
7—8 x 4-5/i. Coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
517. C. (Hydro.) irregularis Fr. Irregularis, irregular.
P. 3-7-5 cm., brown ferruginous, tawny ferruginous when dry, fleshy,
convex, then plane, acutely umbonate, repand, at length depressed
round the umbo, dry, smooth, sometimes deformed, undulate, and
rugose, white silky round the membranaceous margin when young.
St. 5-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., brick-red, equal, rigid, longitudinally fibril-
losely striate, sometimes twisted, and attenuated downwards. Cor-
tina white, silky, sparse, sometimes peronate at the base of the st.
Gills watery, then dark ferruginous, adnate with a decurrent tooth, or
arcuato-decurrent, 4-8 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh pallid, thick
at the disc. Spores ferruginous, "almond-shaped-elliptical, 8-10 x 5—
6/i, almost spinulose " Rick. Caespitose. Coniferous woods. Rare.
518. C. (Hydro.) pateriformis Fr. Patera, a saucer ; forma, shape.
P. 2-4 cm., fuscous chestnut, fleshy, orbicular, plane, then depressed,
very obtuse, rigid, dry, smooth, at first white silky round the margin.
St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., silvery white, becoming fuscous, firm, equal,
or attenuated at the base, straight, fibrillose, base white villose. Cortina
white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills brick-red, or watery cinnamon, adnate
with a decurrent tooth, plano-convex thin, crowded. Flesh pallid,
thin. Spores brownish ferruginous, elliptical, 9 x 4-5/z,, with a large
central gutta, "minutely warted " Rick. Grassy places in woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
519. C. (Hydro.) unimodus Britz. Unimodus, uniform.
P. 4-7 cm., reddish brown, campanulate, then convex, umbonate,
fibrillose. St. 8-11 cm. x 6 mm., concolorous, thickened at the base,
fibrillose. Gills brown, emarginato-adnate, distant. Spores "pruni-
form, 10-12 x 8/n, rough" Bataille. Woods, and grassy places. Sept.
—Oct. Rare.
CORTINABIUS 189
II. P. submembranaceous, conical, then expanded, umbonate, umbo
acute, or more rarely obtuse and vanishing; margin at first straight.
St. subequal, or attenuated at the base.
*St. white.
520. C. (Hydro.) dolabratus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 845, t. 811.
Dolabra, a pick-axe.
P. 5-10 cm., brick-red, tan colour when dry, fleshy-membranaceous,
fragile, campanulate, then convex and expanded, smooth, superficially
silky near the margin. St. 10-15 x 1-2 cm., shining white, quite equal,
cylindrical, often curved, smooth. Cortina very fugacious. Gills
tawny cinnamon, entirely adnate, with a decurrent tooth, widest behind,
10-25 mm., very broad, somewhat thick, distant. Flesh whitish, thin
at the margin. Spores ochraceous, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x ?//,.
Smell strong, stinking. Coniferous woods, and amongst Vaccinium.
Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
521. C. (Hydro.) rigens (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 846, t. 812.
Rigens, rigid.
P. 2-5-6 cm., opaque tan clay colour, whitish tan when dry, fleshy,
campanulate, lax, then convex, obtuse, or broadly gibbous, smooth,
firm. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-10 mm., pale, white whendry, equal, sometimes
thickened upwards, sometimes downwards, sometimes fusiform, root-
ing, tough, elastic, rigid, cortex very cartilaginous, naked, smooth.
Cortina scarcely evident. Gills watery clay colour, then pallid, cinna-
mon, adnate, subdecurrent, very broad, 6-10 mm., distant, often veined
on the sides. Flesh white, thick, somewhat firm. Spores ferruginous,
pruniform, 7-5-9 x 5-5-5/x,, granular. Smell strong, like iodoform, or
balsam. Taste mild, then unpleasant. Woods, especially coniferous
woods. June — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
522. C. (Hydro.) fulvescens Fr. GreviUea, t. 116, fig. 2.
Fulvescens, becoming tawny.
P. 2—3 cm., cinnamon, brick-red when dry, prominent umbo darker,
submembranaceous, conical, soon convexo-plane, often acutely umbo-
nate, shining, at length fibrillose ; margin cortinate, at length striate.
St. 6-8 cm. x 3-6 mm., becoming pale, equal, or slightly attenuated
upwards, soft, flexuose, smooth. Cortina concolorous, distinct. Gills
tawny cinnamon, adnate, plane, subdistant, thin. Flesh white, thin.
Spores ferruginous, "almond shaped, minutely echinulate, 12//. "
Quel. Pine woods. Sept.— Oct. Rare.
523. C. (Hydro.) Krombholzii Fr. (= Cortinarius leucopus (Bull.) Fr.
sec. Quel.) Cke. lUus. no. 847, t. 813. J. V. Krombholz.
P. 2-5-5 cm., pale yellowish tan, disc darker, fleshy, conico-cam-
panulate, then gibbous, smooth; margin appendiculate with the
190 CORTINARIUS
menibranaceous veil. St. 7-12 cm. x 6 mm., whitish, equal, slightly
swollen at the base, naked. Veil white, menibranaceous, fugacious. Gills
ferruginous, edge yellowish, rounded behind, slightly adnexed, 6 mm.
broad. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores "ferruginous, ellip-
tical, 8 x 4-5/z " Massee. Amongst moss, often caespitose. Rare.
524. C. (Hydro.) Reedir Berk. Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. n, t. 45.
Miss F. Reed, sister of Mrs Hussey.
P. 2-3 cm., persistently brown, fleshy, conical, then expanded,
strongly umbonate, smooth, shining, disc areolate; margin splitting.
St. 4-5 cm. x 4 mm., white, slightly bulbous, fibrillosely striate. Veil
fibrillose, evanescent. Gills white, or pallid, then cinnamon, ascending,
attenuated behind, free, ventricose broad. Flesh pallid, thin at the
margin. Spores "7-8 x 4/n" Massee. Amongst moss, and beech
mast. May. Rare.
525. C. (Hydro.) leucopus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 848, t. 843, fig. B.
XevKOTrovs, white footed.
P. 2-3 cm., very pale yellow, tan colour and shining when dry, fleshy,
conical, then expanded, umbonate, smooth, moist. St. 2-5—5 cm. x 4—
8 mm., shining white, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, soft.
Cortina white, median. Gills pallid, then cinnamon, adnexed, separating,
ventricose, crowded, thin. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores
ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/x,, granular, "spiny " Rick. Woods.
Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
526. C. (Hydro.) scandens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 163, fig. 1.
Scandens, climbing.
P. 1-3 cm., tawny ferruginous, then honey colour, tan colour when dry,
umbo becoming tawny, submembranaceous, conical, then campanulate,
acutely or obtusely umbonate, umbo sometimes obsolete; margin
slightly striate. St. 6-10 cm. x 4 mm., yellowish, shining whitish when
dry, thickened at the apex, attenuated at the white base, awl-shaped,
fiexuose, soft, fibrillosely silky, apex often mealy. Cortina white, su-
perior, thin, fibrillose. Gills yellowish, then tawny cinnamon, adnate,
narrow, 2-4 mm. broad, attenuated in front, thin, subdistant. Flesh
yellowish, thick at the umbo. Spores yellow, "elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /M,
minutely warted" Rick. Pine woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**St. inclining to violet, or reddish.
527. C. (Hydro.) erythrinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 850, t. 798, fig. A.
epv8po<f, red.
P. 2-5-4 cm., bay brown rufous, tawny when dry, fleshy, conical, then
convex, regular, umbonate, the obtuse or obsolete umbo darker, smooth.
St. 4-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., shining silvery white, violaceous upwards,
equal, rarely thickened at the base, straight, or ascending, fibrillosely
CORTINARIUS 191
striate, apex often pruinose. Cortina white, superior, fibrillose. Gills
pallid, then pale cinnamon, slightly adnexed, ventricose, thin, sub-
distant. Flesh concolorous when moist, thin. Spores pale ferruginous,
elliptical, 6 x 4-5 ju, 1-guttulate, "almost spinulose " Rick. Woods.
Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. argyropus Fr. apyvpo-Trovs, with silver feet.
Differs from the type in being more slender, and in the silvery stem
white mealy at the apex.
528. C. (Hydro.) decipiens (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 850, t. 798, fig. B.
Decipiens, deceiving.
P. 2-3 cm., bay brown, shining and brick colour when dry, umbo
always darker, fleshy membranaceous, campanulato-expanded, acutely
umbonate, at length depressed round the umbo, smooth; margin at
length striate and torn. St. 5-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, pale rufescent,
or with brick coloured spots, quite equal, tense and straight, or flexuose,
fibrillose, covered with a pallid separable cuticle. Cortina white, fibrillose,
very fugacious. Gills brick colour ferruginous, adnate, 4-6 mm. broad,
thin, more or less crowded. Flesh pale, brick colour in the St., thin.
Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9 x 5/z, granular. Woods. Sept. —
Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. insignis Fr. Insignis, distinguished.
Differs from the type in the paler p., flexuose, smooth St., and in the
less crowded gills.
529. C. (Hydro.) germanus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 851, t. 844.
Germanus, born of the same parents.
P. 2-3 cm., fuscous, clay colour when dry, very hygrophanous, opaque,
submembranaceous, campanulate, obtusely umbonate when ex-
panded, fragile, somewhat silky with white fibrils. St. 6-8 cm. x 2—
6 mm., silvery pale, somewhat lilac, equal, often twisted, smooth.
Cortina white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills watery cinnamon, adnate,
broad, subdistant. Flesh concolorous, then whitish, thin. Spores pale
ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/A, 1-guttulate. Smell disagreeable.
Beech, and pine woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
530. C. (Hydro.) ianthipes (Seer.) Fr. Grevillea, t. 113, fig. 7.
Idvdivos, coloured violet; pes, foot.
P. 1-2 cm., brown, or tawny, fleshy, somewhat firm, conical, then
convexo-plane, obtusely umbonate, silky, shining; margin silky white,
or becoming yellowish. St. 2-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., violaceous, becoming
reddish downwards, equal, somewhat fragile and flexuose, shining,
silky, base white villose. Ring white, silky, floccose. Cortina tawny,
fugacious. Gills whitish, then greyish olivaceous, "lilac, then brownish
192 CORTINARIUS
violet " Quel., slightly adnexed, somewhat crowded. Flesh reddish,
thin. Spores ferruginous, "pruniform, 8/x " Quel. Woods. Sept.
Rare.
***St. yellowish, generally becoming pale.
531. C. (Hydro.) detonsus Fr. Detonsus, sheared off.
P. 2-5-5 cm., bright yellowish, tan colour when dry, submembrana-
ceous, conical, then expanded, subumbonate, striate to the middle when
moist, slightly silky when dry, fragile. St. 5—8 cm. x 4 mm., yellowish,
equal, or attenuated upwards, soft, smooth. Gills bright yellowish,
then brick cinnamon, adnate, ventricose, subdistant. Flesh whitish,
thin. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4 /z, minutely verru-
cose " Rick. Amongst moss in woods. Sept. Rare.
532. C. (Hydro.) obtusus Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 163, fig. 3. Obtusus, obtuse.
P. 1-4 cm., bay brown, ferruginous, soon cinnamon, pale ochraceous,
or tan whitish when dry, submembranaceous, conical, then campanu-
late, at length expanded and obtusely umbonate, smooth; margin
striate. St. 5—10 cm. x 4—8 mm., tan yellowish, becoming whitish when
dry, ventricose, curved, flexuose, often attenuated at the base, fragile,
sprinkled with adpressed, white, silky fibrils. Cortina white, very fuga-
cious. Gills tawny cinnamon, adnate, ventricose, very broad, rather
thick, subdistant, the shorter ones narrower, connected by veins, edge
often white-fringed. Flesh yellowish, or reddish, thick at the disc.
Spores brownish ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-5-6/1,, verrucose.
Smell strong. Woods, especially pine. April — Nov. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
var. gracilis Quel. Grevillea, t. 129, fig. 1. Gracilis, slender.
Differs from the type in the pale yellow p.
533. C. (Hydro.) saniosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 163, fig. 2.
Saniosus, full of bloody matter.
P. 1-3 cm., tawny cinnamon, fuscous tawny, or cinnamon, becoming
tawny and shining when dry, slightly hygrophanous, fleshy, campanu-
late, then expanded, acutely, or obtusely umbonate, smooth, "covered
with yellow fibrils" Quel.; margin fibrillosely torn. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-
4 mm., dingy yellow, becoming yellow, rarely tawny or fuscous, equal,
firm, somewhat curved, flexuose, covered with the yellow fibrils of the
cortina, or fibrillosely silky, sometimes becoming saffron red at the
base. Coitin&yellow,fibrillose. Gills pale, then dark cinnamon, adnate,
ventricose, somewhat crowded, or subdistant. Flesh concolorous,
sometimes becoming yellow in the st., thin. Spores ferruginous, "nearly
almond-shaped, 9-10 x 4-5/u,, verrucose " Rick. Smell strong.
Woods, pastures and swamps. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
CORTINABIUS 193
534. C. (Hydro.) acutus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 852, t. 845, fig. B.
Acutus, pointed.
P. 1-3 cm., honey colour to very pale yellow, somewhat shining, tan,
or white when dry, with a silky appearance, submembranaceous, conical,
then campanulate and expanded, acutely umbonate and concolorous,
at length depressed round the umbo, striate when moist', margin at
first obsoletely fibrillose, then smooth. St. 4-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., con-
colorous, equal, flexuose, white fibrillose, then smooth. Cortina white,
fibrillose, adhering to the margin of the p. Gills ochraceous cinnamon,
adnate, sometimes free, lanceolate, thin, crowded, becoming sub-
distant. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical,
9-11 x 6jn, 1-guttulate. Woods and heaths. Aug. — Nov. Common.
(v.v.)
****St. inclining to fuscous.
535. C. (Hydro.) Junghuhnii Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 853, t. 846, fig. A.
Francis Junghuhn.
P. 2-3 cm., shining cinnamon, tawny when dry, fleshy, convexo-
plane, umbonate with a papilla, striate to the middle when moist, some-
what velvety with thin, sparse, white, persistent fibrils under a lens. St.
5-8 cm. x 4-5 mm., pale brick colour, equal, or attenuated at the
whitish base, shining, adpressedly fuscous fibrillose. Cortina white,
inclining to fuscous, sparse. Gills saffron brick colour, adnate, ventri-
cose, 4 mm. broad, thin, veined at the base. Flesh of stem darker brick
colour, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 7-8 x 6 /A,
verrucose " Rick. Woods amongst moss. Aug. Rare.
536 C. (Hydro.) depressus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 163, fig. 4.
P. 5-8 cm., ferruginous fuscous, fuscous tan when dry, fleshy-mem-
branaceous, conico-convex, obtusely umbonate, at length almost plane
and depressed round the umbo, superficially silky at first; margin
striate when moist. St. 3-5 cm. x 4 mm., reddish, at length becoming
blackish, base becoming fuscous, equal, or attenuated downwards,
rigid, subcartilaginous, white silky, then smooth. Cortina scarcely
any. Gills saffron, becoming yellowish, then ferruginous, adnate, broad,
plane, thin, more or less crowded. Flesh concolorous, very thin.
Smell faint, of fish, or cucumber. Damp places in woods. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon.
537. C. (Hydro.) milvinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 853, t. 846, fig. B.
Milvinus, pertaining to the kite.
P. 1-3 cm., olivaceous fawn colour, hoary tan and opaque when dry,
membranaceous, conical, then convex, obtusely or obsoletely umbo-
nate, striate to the middle when full grown and beautifully wreathed
with white squamules at the margin, somewhat silky when dry. St.
B. B. B. 13
194 CORTINABIUS. INOCYBE
5-8 cm. x 4 mm., pallid fuscous, equal, curved, silky, spotted with
the white cortina. Veil obsolete except at the margin of the p. Gills
olivaceous, becoming ferruginous, adnate, scarcely ventricose, very
thin, subdistant, connected by veins. Flesh concolorous, thick at the
disc. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6 /x, verrucose" Rick.
Smell strong. Woods. Oct. Uncommon.
538. C. (Hydro.) fasciatus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 855, t. 814.
Fasciatus, arranged in bundles.
P. 2-4 cm., brick colour, acute umbo blackish, becoming pale and
silky when dry, submembranaceous, conical, then expanded, acutely
umbonate, smooth. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid fuscous, then cinna-
mon fuscous, equal, straight, flexuose, undulate, fibrillosely fissile,
smooth. Gills cinnamon, adnate, subventricose, 3 mm. broad, thin,
distant. Flesh concolorous, slightly fleshy at the disc. Spores
ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/z,, with a large central gutta,
punctate. Pine woods, and under pines. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
2. Veil concrete with the epidermis of the pileus.
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, elliptical, smooth.
Inocybe Fr.
(19, fibre; fcvftij, head.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Veil marginal, fugacious. Stem fleshy, cen-
tral. Gills adnate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores ochraceous,
ferruginous, olivaceous, or fuscous, elliptical, elliptic-oblong, pip-
shaped, or subreniform, smooth. Cystidia present, or absent, ven-
tricose, clavate, fusiform, or cylindrical. Growing on the ground.
I. Cystidia present.
*Stem whitish, or pallid.
fGills brownish, ochraceous, or cinnamon.
539. I. scabra (Mull.) Fr. (= Inocybe capucina Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 413, t. 391. Scabra, rough.
P. 1-5-4 cm., becoming pale fuliginous, or pale tan, variegated with
adpressed, darker (fuscous), spot-like, fibrous scales, fleshy, somewhat
compact, conical, then convex, obsoletely gibbous. St. 2-4 cm. x 6-
10 mm., whitish, firm, equal, cuticle cartilaginous, silky-fibrillose.
Gills whitish, then somewhat fuliginous, slightly adnexed, thin, some-
what crowded. Flesh white. Spores yellowish brown, pip-shaped,
9-11 x 5-6/x. Cystidia slightly ventricose, 65-75 x 12-16/i, abun-
dant. Coniferous, and mixed woods. June — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
INOCYBE 195
var. firma Fr. Firma, firm.
Differs from the type in the fuscous-tan p. spotted with fuscous scales,
and in the velvety stem.
540. I. pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 411, t. 472.
Pyrus, pear; odor a, scented.
P. 4-8 cm., pale ochraceous, often reddish when young, campanulate,
obtuse, fleshy at the darker disc, everywhere torn into fibrils', margin
often bent in and lacerate, and sometimes repand. St. 5-15 x 1-
1'5 cm., pallid often tinged with red, fragile, equal, or attenuated
at the base, often curved, fibrillose, apex white-mealy. Gills whitish,
then somewhat fuliginous, adnate, sinuate, thin, crowded, edge whitish.
Flesh becoming reddish. Spores tawny, pip-shaped, 8-11 x 5-6 /A,
2-many-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, or clavate, 55-60 x 15-21 p,
thick walled. Smell pleasant, like ripe pears. Woods. May — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
541. I. rimosa (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 429, t. 384.
Rimosa, full of cracks.
P. 2-5-5 cm., yellowish, varying rufescent, and date brown (especially
when old), fleshy, conico-campanulate, obtuse, then more flattened,
and at length reflexed, umbonate, somewhat fibrillose, longitudinally
cracked; disc sometimes even, sometimes cracked in a tesselated
manner. St. 4—7 cm. x 4—8 mm., whitish, becoming yellow, or fuscous,
firm, apex mealy. Gills whitish, then becoming fuscous, and ferruginous,
very much attenuated behind, free, or slightly adnexed, somewhat
ventricose, edge serrulated, pallid. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous
in the mass, ochraceous under the microscope, elliptical, 9—1 1 x 5— 7 /A.
Cystidia fusoid, or ventricose, 60-68 x 9-14/n. Smell earthy. Woods,
and open ground. June — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
542. I. tomentosa (Jungh.) Quel. (= Inocybe eutheles B. & Br.) Cke.
Illus. no. 431, t. 386, as Inocybe eutheles B. & Br.
Tomentosa, downy.
P. 2-5 cm., pale fawn-colour, campanulate, then expanded, strongly
umbonate, thin, villose, fibrillose; margin white, often appendiculate
with the veil. St. 4-8 cm. x 5-8 mm., pallid, or whitish, equal,
slightly swollen at the base, fibrillose, slightly striate. Gills pallid,
adnate, slightly toothed, margin white. Flesh white. Spores ochra-
ceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/z,. Cystidia ventricose, 60-63 x 12-13/i,
abundant. Smell of new meal. Woods, and among fir-leaves. Aug. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
543. I. pallidipes Ellis & Everh. Pallidus, pale; pes, foot.
P. 2-3 cm., light brown, conico-campanulate, then expanded and
umbonate, fibrose-squamose, disc innately scaly, margin subrimose.
13—2
1 96 INOCYBE
St. 2-5-5 cm., white, slightly narrowed and mealy above, loosely
fibrillose below, base subbulbous, white tomentose. Gills pale cinna-
mon, edge paler and fimbriate, broadly attached, with a strong decur-
rent tooth, ascending at first, then ventricose, scarcely crowded,
rather broad. Spores cinnamon, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/z Cystidia, nu-
merous, fusoid, or subventricose, 40-50 x 14-18/*. Woods. Oct. Rare.
544. I. sambucina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 109, fig. 2.
Sambucina, belonging to elder.
Entirely white. P. 4-8 cm., often becoming pallid-yellow, fleshy, firm,
convex, then expanded, often repand, obtuse, fibrilloso-silky. St. 2-5-
4 x 1-2-5 cm., often curved, equal, or subbulbous at the base, striate,
obsoletely pruinose at the apex. Gills becoming dingy ochre, emar-
ginate, slightly adnexed, ventricose, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh white.
Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 9-12 x 6/u,. Cystidia ventricose, 50-
60 x 12-16/x, scattered. Smell strong. Coniferous woods. Sept. —
Nov. Uncommon.
545. I. Clarkii B. & Br. Cke. lUus. no. 439, t. 429, lower figs.
J. Aubrey Clark.
P. 2-3 cm., whitish, campanulate, obtuse, silky-fibrillose. St. 3-
5 cm. x 4 mm., white, equal, slightly thickened at the \>a,se,fiocculose.
Gills pallid, margin white, adnexed, rather distant, broadish. Flesh
pallid. Spores pale, elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6 p. Cystidia ventricose,
55-65 x 12-16/it, some narrower, scattered. Shady places. Oct. Rare.
546. I. corydalina Quel. (= Inocybe pyriodora Fr. sec. Rene Maire.)
Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 4. Corydalis, the genus Corydalis.
P. 3-6 cm., whitish, covered with bistre fibrils, green at the umbo,
fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate. St. 3- 5 x -5-1 cm.,
whitish, curved, subbulbous, striate, pruinose. Gills whitish, then
brown; edge fimbriate, white, adnate, emarginate, 5-7 mm. wide. Flesh
white, becoming yellowish with age. Spores brown, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 /A .
Cystidia fusiform, ventricose, 42-51 x 15-18/u,. Smell pleasant, like
Corydalis cava. Deciduous woods. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
547. I. geophylla (Sow.) Fr. (= Inocybe geophila (Bull.) Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 440, t. 401. 777, earth; <j>v\\ov, leaf.
P. 1-5-3 cm., white, sometimes tinged yellow when old, somewhat
fleshy, conical, then expanded, umbonate, silky, then fibrillose, often
cracking. St. 4-8 cm. x 2-6 mm., white, equal, base slightly thickened,
often flexuose, satiny, apex white-mealy. Gills whitish, then clay-
fuscous, and earth colour, almost free, rather broad, ventricose, crowded.
Flesh white. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-10 x 4-5 /u,. Cystidia ven-
tricose, 45-60 x 13-15//,, abundant. Smell earthy, taste slightly acrid.
Woods, under trees, and hedgerows. July — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
INOCYBE 197
var. lilacina Fr. (= Inocybe geophylla (Sow.) Fr., var. violacea Pat.)
Boud. Icon. t. 125. Lilacina, lilac colour.
Differs from the type in the violet colour of the p., the yellow umbo,
the paler violet stem, and the ochraceous yellow base. Woods. Aug. —
Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. lateritia (Weinm.) Stev. Lateritia, made of bricks.
Differs from the type in the brick-red p.
var. fulva Pat. Fulva, tawny.
Differs from the type in the rufous-ochre p., and the paler margin.
548. I. Whitei B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 444, t. 404, fig. A.
Dr F. Buchanan White, a Scotch botanist.
P. 1-5-2-5 cm., tawny, margin white, then wholly pale tawny, conical,
then convex, and at length expanded, slightly viscid. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-
4 mm., shining white, then tawny, nearly equal, base slightly thickened.
Gills shining white, then cinnamon, adnexed, crowded. Flesh white.
Spores pale yellow-brown, obliquely elliptical, 9-11 x 4-5 p. Cystidia
ventricose, or almost cylindrical, 50-60 x 16— 20/ut, fairly abundant.
Pine woods. Oct. Rare.
549. I. sindonia Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 438, t. 400. vtvocav, muslin.
P. 3-5 cm., dingy white, or at length becoming yellow, fleshy, some-
what thin, campanulate, then convex, gibbous, silky-velvety, becoming
even, margin appendiculate when young with fibrils of the cortina.
St. 5-7-5 cm. x 6 mm., white, stuffed with a separate pith that dis-
appears, equal, at first slightly fibrillose with the evanescent, delicate
cortina. Gills becoming whitish fuscous, attenuato-adnexed, linear-
lanceolate, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white. Spores reddish brown, ellip-
tical, 8-10 x 5-6/x. Cystidia ventricose, 50-60 x 12-16/4. Mixed
woods, damp shady places. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
550. I. descissa Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 122, fig. 1.
Descissa, split up.
P. 2-3 cm., greyish white, disc somewhat fuscous, conico-campanu-
late, then expanded and umbonate, silky, then fibrillosely split up,
subsquamulose around the umbo. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-4 mm-, white,
often slightly tinged with flesh colour, somewhat equal, white fibril-
lose, apex white pruinose, veil white, evanescent. Gills white, then
fuliginous, or fuliginous yellow, sinuato-adnexed, somewhat crowded,
edge fimbriate. Flesh white, sometimes flesh colour in the stem. Spores
yellow, subreniform, 9-10 x 5-6/n. Cystidia fusiform, ventricose,
55-70 x 14-20/x, thick walled, somewhat fuscous at the apex. Pine
woods. Sept. — Nov. Rare.
198 INOCYBE
var. auricoma (Batsch) Fr. Auricoma, golden-haired.
Smaller, and thinner than the type, p. becoming yellow, margin striate,
gills adfixed, ventricose, whitish fuscous. Remarkably cracked. Woods,
and burnt soil.
551. I. cervicolor (Pers.) Quel. Fr. Icon. t. 107, figs. 1, 2, as Inocybe
Bongardii (Weinm.) Fr. Cervus, a deer; color, colour.
P. 3-5 cm., pale brown, or fawn colour^ covered with brown, recurved
firils, campanulate, thin. St. 4-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, fibrillose
with brown, recurved filaments, firm, flexuose. Gills cream colour, then
rusty brown, margin white, denticulate, emarginate, ventricose, thick.
Flesh white, tinged purplish when cut. Spores brown, elongate pip-
shaped, 10-12 x 6-7 /z. Cystidia cylindric-fusoid, 45-50 x 12-14/n,
numerous. Smell strong, unpleasant, like a mouldy cask. Woods,
and heaths. Aug. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
552. I. deglubens Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 420, t. 394.
Deglubens, peeling off.
P. 2—5 cm., date-brown-rufescent, then becoming yellow, slightly
fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, adpressedly torn
into fibrils, peeling off in darker, then separating fibrils. St. 4-7 cm.
x 4-5 mm., pallid, equal, adpressedly fibrillose, apex slightly rough
with brown points. Gills grey, then cinnamon, obtusely adnate, ventri-
cose, somewhat distant. Flesh white. Spores pallid brown, pip-shaped,
8-10 x 5-6/i. Cystidia ventricose, 50-60 x 10-15//,, fairly abundant.
Smell earthy. Pine woods. Aug. — Sept. Rare.
ffGills with an olive tinge.
553. I. abjecta Karst. Abjecta, mean.
P. 1-3-5 cm., brownish, becoming ochraceous-brown when dry, every-
where covered with white fibrils, disc with whitish, subsquarrose squa-
mules, fleshy, subcampanulate, or convex, then expanded, sometimes
umbonate. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-8 mm., pallid, everywhere covered with
white, fibrous squamuks, equal, or fusiform, rather tough, flexuose,
apex white-pruinose. Gills pale cinnamon-olive, adnate, ventricose in
front, 6-7 mm. wide, rather distant, margin minutely flocculoso-
crenulate at first. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped,
14-16 x 6-7 /*, 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, 50-65 x 13-16^,,
scanty. Amongst sand. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
554. I. Godeyi Gillet. (= Agaricus (Inocybe) hiukus (Fr.) Kalchbr.
and Cke. Illus. no. 427, t. 337.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 8.
Dr Godey, an eminent French mycologist.
P. 3-5 cm., whitish at first, then more or less suffused with rose which
is usually accompanied by an ochraceous tinge, fleshy, campanulate,
INOCYBE 199
obtusely umbonate, silky-fibrillose, rimose. St. 4-6 cm. x 5-10 mm.,
concolorous, equal, often bulbous at the base, apex white-pruinose.
Gills whitish, then dusky cinnamon, usually with an olive tinge, edge
white, minutely flocculose, narrowed behind, adnexed, almost free,
somewhat crowded. Flesh white, tinged with pink. Spores ferruginous,
elliptical, slightly curved or subreniform, 7-8 x 4-5 p. Cystidia
ventricose, 36-48 x 18-25/z, fairly numerous. Woods, and heaths.
Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
555. I. lucifuga Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 123. Lux, light ;fuga, avoiding.
P. 2-7-5 cm., somewhat olivaceous, sometimes becoming pale, rarely
fawn colour, fleshy, convexo-campanulate, then plane, more or less
umbonate, longitudinally fibrillose, or covered with minute adpressed
scales. St. 3-7 x 4-12 mm., pallid, equal, rigid, often flexuose, apex
white-farinose. Gills whitish, then yellowish, and finally pure olivaceous,
sinuate, ventricose, crowded, broad, crisped in large specimens. Flesh
white, slightly coloured under the cuticle. Spores olivaceous, elliptical,
8-9 x 4-5/x,. Cystidia ventricose, 60-70 x 12-14/x, scattered. Smell
strong, like radishes. Woods, roadsides, and under trees. Sept. —
Oct. Not uncommon.
tinged violet.
556. I. violaceifolia Peck. Violaceus, of a violet colour ; folia, leaves.
P. 1-1-5 cm., grey, convex, or almost plane, fibrillose, squamulose.
St. 2-5 cm. x 3-4 mm., whitish, firm, slender, fibrillose. Gills pale
violet, then brownish cinnamon, adnexed, crowded. Spores elliptical,
10 x 6ju. Cystidia ventricose, 50-60 x 12-16/*,, fairly abundant.
Amongst moss. Sept. Kare.
**Stem coloured.
fGills brown, ochraceous, or cinnamon.
557. I. caesariata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 437, t. 388.
Caesariata, covered with hairs.
P. 4 cm., tawny-dirty, or like a smooth sugared cake, fleshy, convex,
then expanded, gibbous, repand, becoming silky-even, finally almost
smooth at the disc, silky at the margin. St. 4 cm. x 6 mm., pallid,
unequal, sometimes twisted, somewhat thickened at the base, pruinose.
Gills whitish fuliginous, somewhat adnate, thin, crowded, ventricose.
Spores reniform, 8-10 x 4-5/a. Cystidia narrowly ventricose, 70-
80 x 12-15 /LI, "often septate" Rick., fairly abundant. Smell dis-
agreeable. Beech woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. fibrillosa Fr. (= Inocybe delecta Karst.) Fr. Icon. t. 109, fig. 3.
Fibrillosa, full of fibrils.
Differs from the type in the obsoletely umbonate, fibrillose, sometimes
squamulose, ochraceous pileus becoming tawny, in the very ochraceous-
200 INOCYBE
fibrittose stem, and the pallid ochraceous gills at length turning brown.
Deciduous woods, especially beech.
558. I. obscura (Pers.) Fr. Obscura, dark.
P. 1-5-2-5 cm., brown, more or less suffused with violet, somewhat
fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, or subumbonate, longitudinally
fibrillose, disc scaly. St. 3-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., violaceous, becoming
fuscous downwards, flexuose, fibrillose. Gills olivaceous, then brown,
uncinato-adnexed, crowded, ventricose, edge often unequal. Flesh
tinged bluish especially at the apex of the stem. Spores brownish, ellip-
tical, 8-9 x 4jw,. Cystidia ventricose, 65-75 x 12-16/z, abundant.
Smell strong, of radishes. Amongst pines, and in woods. July — Nov.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. rufa Pat. Rufus, red.
Differs from the type in the reddish-brown, strongly umbonate p.,
the violet gills, and spores narrowed towards one end.
559. I. lacera Fr. Lacera, torn.
P. 2-4 cm., brownish, then mouse colour, becoming pale, slightly
fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, at first
adpressedly fibrillose, then rimosely scaly and squarrose. St. 3-7 cm.
x 5-8 mm., paler than the p., covered with brown, fibrillose squamules,
tough, equal, or attenuated at the base. Gills white flesh, then mouse
colour, attenuato-adnexed, ventricose, broad. Flesh of stem reddish.
Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10-12 x 6-7 fj,. Cystidia ventricose, 56-
80 x 13-17jLt, numerous. Pine, and mixed woods. July — Oct. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
560. I. carpta (Scop.) Fr. Carpta, torn.
P. 3-5 cm., tan colour, or dusky brown, convex, then flattened,
usually at length more or less depressed at the disc, everywhere densely
fibrillose and woolly. St. 3-5 x 1 cm., paler than the pileus, attenuated
downwards, covered with a spreading, fibrillose woolliness like the p.
Gills ochraceous, then brown fuscous, adnate, then free, ventricose,
broad. Flesh pale ochraceous, becoming tinged with brown. Spores
elliptical, 9—10 x 4-5/z,, 1— 2-guttulate ; "angular, nearly trapezium
shaped, 10-12 x 5-6/u, " Rick. Cystidia often slightly curved, ventri-
cose, 60-70 x 13-15/i, abundant. Taste sweet, then bitter. Woods.
Aug. — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
561. I. hystrix Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 106, fig. 1. Hystrix, porcupine.
P. 4-9 cm., dull brown, or mouse colour, fleshy, firm, convex, then
flattened, obtuse, or slightly gibbous, orbicular, squarrose with revolute,
floccose scales, which are fibrilloso-adpressed towards the margin.
St. 5-9 cm. x 6-10 mm., fuscous mouse colour, firm, equal, or attenu-
INOCYBE 201
ated downwards, or subfusif orm, squarrose with revolute, crowded, floe-
cose scales up to the sharply defined annular zone, apex pallid. Gills
whitish, becoming fuscous, adnate, crowded, linear, margin white.
Flesh white. Spores brown, pip-shaped, or wedge-shaped, 9-10 x 4-
5/z, 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, 75-80 x 12-14/A, fairly abun-
dant. Smell of new meal. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
562. I. incarnate Bres. (= Inocybe pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. sec. Rene
Maire.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 53.
Incarnata, made flesh colour.
P. 5-8 cm., yellowish rufescent, or flesh colour, fleshy, convexo-
campanulate, then expanded and gibbous, or broadly umbonate,
fibrillose, then squamulose, margin villosely fimbriate. St. 6-8 cm.
x 6-15 mm., rosy flesh colour, apex white, furfuraceous, attenuated
downwards, somewhat rooting, somewhat fibrillose. Gills whitish,
then cinereous-cinnamon, at length spotted with red, or from the first
becoming red, sinuato-adnate, crowded, edge fimbriate. Flesh of
pileus white, becoming deep red when broken, that of the stem red from
the first. Spores yellowish-brown, broadly elliptical, 12-15 x 6-8/x.
Cystidia fusoid, 50-65 x 15-18/z, apex brownish. Smell pleasant,
like pears. Woods. June — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
563. I. nigrodisca Peck. Niger, black; discus, a quoit.
P. 1-2 cm., blackish-brown, margin greyish, convex, then plane, or
depressed, umbonate, very minutely fibrillose. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. long, red-
dish brown, slender, firm, flexuose, minutely pruinosely downy. Gills
greyish, then rusty-brown, sometimes tinged yellow, free, or subadnexed,
rounded behind, crowded. Spores ferruginous, subelongate, 5-5-
6-5 x 4-5-5/z. Cystidia fairly abundant, ventricose, 45-55 x 12-16/z.
Among moss and grass. Rare.
564. I. mutica Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 418, t. 382. Mutica, curtailed.
P. 2-5-5 cm., whitish, or tinged yellowish with darker adpressed
squamules, fleshy, convex, then plane, always very obtuse, at length
subdepressed in the centre. St. 3-6 cm. x 5-8 mm., white straw colour,
becoming somewhat fuscous, often attenuated downwards, sometimes
enlarged at the base, fibrillose. Gills white, then slightly fuscous,
adnate, or attenuated behind and becoming free, thin, crowded.
Flesh white. Spores elliptical, 8-10 x 5/u., 1-guttulate. Cystidia
fusoid, 51-80 x 12-15/u, abundant. Woods, and roadsides. Sept. —
Nov. Not common, (v.v.)
565. I. brunnea Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 9.
Brunnea, brown.
P. 3-5 cm., chestnut colour, fleshy, campanulate, umbonate, fibril-
losely silky, then cracked. St. 3-6 cm. x 5-6 mm., concolorous, or
202 ENOCYBE
paler, thickened at the base, apex white, pruinose, fibrillosely striate.
Cortina concolorous, and fugacious. Gills cream colour, then umber,
edge white, indented, emarginate, broadest in front, 5 mm. wide. Flesh
white. Spores bistre, elliptical, 7-12 x 4-6/n. Cystidia ventricose, or
fusoid, 50-55 x 12-15/1, fairly abundant. Woods, also amongst grass
near pines. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
566. I. haemacta Berk. & Cke. (= Inocybe pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. sec.
Rene Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 410, t. 390. atf/ia«ro9, bloody.
P. 2-5-5 cm , umber, margin pallid, often becoming stained with red,
or verdigris, disc darker, subsquamose, fleshy, compact, obtuse, cam-
panulate, then expanded, floccosely fibrillose. St. 4-5 cm. x 6-8 mm.,
whitish above, tinged verdigris-green at the base, and often higher up,
scarcely fibrillose, nearly equal. Gills pallid, then dingy tan, adnate,
slightly rounded behind. Flesh turning blood red when touched or
wounded, verdigris at the base of the stem, and also often elsewhere. Spores
reddish brown, elliptical, 8-9 x 5/i, 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose,
66—78 x 14-16/z, fairly numerous. Lawns, and gardens. Aug. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. rubra Rea. Rubra, red.
Differs from the type in the blood red colour of the p. and St., which
is only tinged verdigris at the extreme base, although the flesh is tinged
verdigris for some considerable distance upwards. Bare earth. Sept.
Rare, (v.v.)
567. I. conformata Karst. Conformata, shaped.
P. 1-3 cm., pale fuscous, or tinged rusty, convex, then expanded,
umbonate, fibrillosely rimose, sometimes minutely, adpressedly, floc-
cosely squamulose. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., concolorous, apex at first
tinged violet, equal, often flexuose, solid, minutely fibrillose. Gills
pallid, then brownish, 4-5 mm. wide, adnexed, ventricose, somewhat
crowded; margin white, fimbriate. Flesh white, brownish under the
cuticle of the p., bluish at first in the stem, thick at the disc, very thin
at the margin of the p., firm. Smell and taste none. Spores brownish
in the mass, oblong elliptical, depressed on one side, 8-11 x 4-5/n.
Cystidia hyaline, fusiform ventricose, apex muriculate, 65-75 x 15-
19/i. Under oaks in woods. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
568. I. flocculosa Berk. (=Inocybe scabella (Fr.) Bres. sec. Bataille.)
Cke. Illus. no. 416, t. 393. Flocculosa, woolly.
P. 2'5 cm., brownish fawn colour, somewhat fleshy, convex, sub-
campanulate, umbonate, silky squamulose, margin smoother, veil
white, fibrillose, fugacious. St. 4cm. x 4mm., pale fawn, fibrillose,
brown beneath the fibrillae, apex minutely squamuloso-pulverulent.
Gills pale fawn, at length dull-ferruginous, rounded behind, adnate
INOCYBE 203
but not broadly so, ventricose, margin white. Spores ferruginous,
elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5/z. Cystidia 45-60 x lQ-12fi, abundant. Smell
of new meal, but nauseous. Bare soil, and amongst grass. Sept. —
Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
f fGills tinged olive.
569. I. dulcamara (A. & S.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 408, t. 582, fig. B.
Dulcis, sweet; amara, bitter.
P. 3-6 cm., olivaceous-fuscous, becoming paler, campanulato-convex,.
then expanded and umbonate, ^occoso-scaZ?/, silky towards the margin.
St. 4-6 cm. x 4 mm., paler than the pileus, equal, cortinato-fibrillose,
adpressedly squamulose, apex mealy. Gills pallid, then olivaceous,
arcuato-adfixed, ventricose, crowded. Flesh becoming yellowish white,
thin. Spores brown, almost colourless under the microscope, ellip-
tical, 7-9 x 4-5/i. Cystidia ventricose, 55-65 x 15-18/x, fairly
abundant, "on edge of gill only " Rick. Taste slightly bitter. Pine,
and mixed woods. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
570. I. relicina Fr. (= Astrosporina relicina (Fr.) Schroet.)
Relicina, curled backwards.
P. 1-5-3 cm., fuliginous, fleshy, thin, conical, then expanded, obtuse,
everywhere scaly-squarrose with fasciculate down. St. 4—5 cm. x 4-
6 mm., fuliginous, apex paler, soft, equal, fioccoso-scaly, fibrillose.
Gills yellow, then olivaceous, adnexed, crowded. Spores olive brown,
pip-shaped, 10-12 x 7ju. Cystidia ventricose, 70-85 x 14-16/x,
scattered, "only on edge of gill " Rick. Damp pine woods amongst
Sphagnum, and in bogs. July — Oct. Uncommon.
571. I. Bongardii (Weinm.) Massee.
H. G. Bongard, a Russian botanist.
P. 3-7 cm., whitish with a rufescent, or yellowish tinge, covered with
darker fibrillose squamules, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, ob-
tusely umbonate. St. 5-8 cm. x 5-12 mm., concolorous, or slightly
paler, equal, straight, or curved, tough, apex white-mealy. Gills
whitish, then olive-cinnamon, arcuato-adnate, crowded, ventricose,
edge white, eroded. Flesh, reddish. Spores cinnamon brown, yellow
under the microscope, elliptical, 9 x 6/z, 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventri-
cose, 50-65 x 12-16/4, scattered, "only on edge of gill, basidia with
olive granular contents" Rick. Smell pleasant, like ripe pears. Woods
and pastures. May — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
tttGiUs tinged violet.
572. I. cincinnata Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 51, fig. 2.
Cincinnata, with curled hair.
P. 1-5-3-5 cm., mouse colour, or brownish chestnut, somewhat
fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or obsoletely umbonate, disc
204 INOCYBE
besprinkled with fioccose scales; margin fibrillose. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
fuscous, apex tinged violet at first, then becoming pale, base subbulbose,
fibrillosely-squamulose. Gills fuscous -violaceous, then cinnamon, ad-
nexed, or attenuated behind, separating, ventricose, crowded. Flesh
whitish, bluish at the apex of the stem. Spores brown, elliptical, 7-
8 x 4-5jLt, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia subcylindrical, or ventricose, 60-
70 x 9-15/M, "sometimes filled with a dark juice" Rick., fairly abun-
dant. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
II. No cystidia.
*St. whitish, or pallid.
fGills brownish, ochraceous, or cinnamon.
573. I. perlata Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1162, t. 961.
Perlata, very broad.
P. 6-10 cm., ochraceous, longitudinally streaked with darker, fuscous
fibrils, disc dark bistre nearly black, fleshy, convex, then expanded,
broadly umbonate; margin incurved. St. 6-11 x 1-5 cm., pallid,
darker below, straight, or curved, sometimes twisted, striate, equal,
apex mealy. Gills pallid, then pale umber, adnexed, somewhat rounded
behind, broad, margin whitish, irregular. Flesh dingy white. Spores
reddish brown, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /z, with a large central gutta.
Woods, and under hornbeam. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
574. I. perbrevis (Weinm.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 434, t. 519.
Per-brevis, very short.
P. 1-5— 3 cm., fuscous, or rufous, becoming yellowish, somewhat fleshy,
convex, then plane, obtusely umbonate, often depressed round the
umbo, fibrillose, or squamulose ; margin fibrillose, often splitting. St.
2-2-5 cm. x 3-5 mm., pallid, somewhat attenuated downwards, white-
fibrillose, apex pruinose, cortinate. Gills whitish, becoming fuscous, or
clay colour, adnexed with a tooth, ventricose, rather distant. Flesh
white. Spores brown, elliptic-oblong, 8-9 x 4-5-5/t, apiculate.
"Cystidia only on edge of gill, basidia-like, 48-60 x 12-15/z " Rick.
Woods, and shady places. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
575. I. squarrosa Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. v, t. 4.
Squarrosa, rough with scales.
P. 5-13 mm,, mouse grey with an ochraceous tinge, slightly fleshy,
campanulate, or convex, covered with erect, revolute, floccose, darker
grey scales especially at the disc, floccosely fibrillose elsewhere ; margin
at first involute, white. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., white with a pinkish
tinge, apex pruinose, base white, subbulbose. Gills white, then brown-
ish, adnato-sinuate, 2 mm. wide, edge white. Flesh white. Spores
greenish-fuscous, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/z, 1-guttulate. Under willows
and alders in a brick pit. July — Aug. Uncommon, (v.v.)
INOCYBE 205
576. I. vatricosa FT. Fr. Icon. t. 110, fig. 3.
Vatricosa, with crooked feet.
P. 1-7 cm., yellowish, becoming whitish with age, slightly fleshy,
convex, then plane, obtuse, or umbonate, viscid when moist, shining
when dry; margin obsoletely silky. St. 3-7 cm. x 3-10 mm., white,
or greyish, equal, slightly thickened at the white villose base, often
curved and contorted, white pulverulent. Gills white, then fuscous,
adnexed, broadly emarginate, almost free, broad. Spores brownish,
elliptical, 5-6 x 3-3-5^,. Woods, dead stumps, chips, and sawdust.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
**St. coloured.
fGills brownish, ochraceous, or cinnamon.
577. I. Cookei Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 121.
Mordecai Cubitt Cooke, the eminent English mycologist.
P. 3-5 cm., yellowish straw colour, becoming lurid yellowish, fleshy,
conico-campanulate, then expanded and umbonate, margin at length
revolute and split, silky-fibriUose, then rimose. St. 4-7 cm. x 5-7 mm.,
concolorous, equal, silky fibrillose, base marginately bulbose. Gills
whitish cinereous, then yellowish cinnamon, attenuated behind, ad-
nexed, crowded, somewhat ventricose, margin white, fimbriate. Flesh
whitish straw colour. Spores ochraceous, subreniform, 8-10 x 5-5-5/z.
Smell somewhat pleasant when young, becoming somewhat earthy.
Fir woods. Sept. Uncommon.
578. I. mimica Massee. (= Inocybe adequata Britz. sec. Cke.)
fjLifju/cd, a mimic.
P. 6-8 cm., yellow-brown, everywhere covered with large, adpressed,
slightly darker, fibrous scales, fleshy, campanulate, obtusely umbonate,
fibrillose. St. 6-8 x 1 cm., paler than the p., equal, fibrillose. Gills
yellow-brown, deeply sinuate, attached to the stem by a very narrow
portion, broad. Flesh brownish. Spores brown, subcylindrical, 14-
16 x 6-8/x, with an oblique apiculus. Woods. Sept. Rare.
579. I. rhodiola Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 200, as Inocybe frumen-
tacea (Bull.) Bres. poSov, a rose.
P. 4-8 cm., rufous-chestnut, or fuscous flesh colour, fleshy, campanu-
late, then expanded and umbonate, fibrillosely cracked, centre even.
St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., vinous, fibrilloso-squamulose, becoming glabrous,
apex pallid, subfloccose. Gills white, then yellowish umber, often spotted
with brownish umber, sinuato-uncinate, almost free, crowded, edge
fimbriate. Flesh white, vinous at the base of the stem. Spores yellowish,
subreniform, 12-13 x 6-8/4, or 9-10 x 5-7 p, 1-2-guttulate. Cells on
edge of gills, clavate, or subfusoid, 45-60 x 12-15ju,. Smell fruity.
Woods, fields, and parks. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
206 INOCYBE
580. I. hirsute (Lasch) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 86, fig. 2.
Hirsuta, bristly.
P. 1-4 cm., fuscous, or ochraceous fuscous, disc sometimes tinged with
green, slightly fleshy, conico-campanulate, then expanded, and
acutely or obtusely umbonate, squarrose with fasciculato-pilose scales,
margin fibrillose, fimbriate. St. 4-9 cm. x 2-6 mm., concolorous, base
verdigris, somewhat equal, or somewhat thickened at the base, tough,
fibrillose, apex white floccoso-scaly. Gills pallid, then fuscous cinnamon,
adnate, crowded, narrow, edge whitish, fimbriate. Flesh pallid, be-
coming faintly tinged with red on exposure to the air, greenish in the
stem. Spores ochraceous, oblong pip-shaped, 9-11 x 4-5/x. Woods.
Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
581. I. calamistrata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 106, fig. 2.
Calamistrata, curled with the curling-iron.
P. 2-5-6 cm., fuscous, slightly fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, margin
at first bent inwards, often repand, at length flattened, everywhere
squarrose-scaly, St. 4-9 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, base dark azure
blue, rigid, tough, equal, somewhat rooting, squarrose throughout with
rigid, recurved scales. Gills white, then ferruginous, adnexed, separating,
crowded, broad, edge whitish, somewhat serrated. Flesh reddish,
azure blue at the base of the stem. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 10-
11 x 6/i. Smell strong. Pine, and fir woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
I. echinata (Roth) Cke. = Lepiota haematosperma (Bull.) Boud.
tfGills tinged olive.
582. I. destricta Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 121. Destricta, stripped off.
P. 4-8 cm., livid violet tinged brownish, fleshy, campanulate, covered
longitudinally with darker fibrils, then torn into scales, rimosely cracked.
St. 5-10 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, covered with darker fibrils, apex
mealy. Gills olivaceous, uncinately adnate, narrow, 4 mm. wide.
Flesh whitish violaceous, deeper coloured under the cuticle, reddish at
the base of the stem. Spores olivaceous, often slightly curved, oblong,
11-13 x 5-5-7 p,, multi-guttulate. Cystidia none1. Woods, and under
poplars. July — Nov. Uncommon.
583. I. fastigiata (Schaefi.) Fr. (= Inocybe Curreyi Berk. sec. Massee.)
Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 57. Fastigiata, having a gable.
P. 3-7 cm., straw colour, yellow fuscous, sometimes fuscous brown,
disc ochraceous, or livid-fulvous, fleshy, conico-campanulate, obtusely,
or acutely umbonate, longitudinally fibrillose and cracked, rarely ad-
pressedly scaly; margin sometimes lobed. St. 4-9 cm. x 4-8 mm.,
pallid, becoming fuscous, equal, slightly enlarged downwards, minutely
fibrillose, often twisted with age. Gills yellow, then olivaceous, sinuato-
1 Massee and Ricken have a different plant in view as they describe cystidia.
INOCYBE. ASTROSPORINA 207
free, ventricose, crowded. Flesh white. Spores brownish, pip-shaped,
7-10 x 4-5 /z, 1-guttulate. "Cystidia only on the edge of the gills,
bottle-shaped-clavate, 50-60 x 1 5-20 /A " Rick. Woods, and pastures.
June — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
III. Insufficiently described.
584. I. mamillaris Pass.1 Mamilla, a teat.
P. white, convex, mammillate, squamulose. St. white, hollow, equal,
flexuose. Gills emarginato-adnexed. Spores smooth.
585. I. phaeocephala (?Bull.) Cke. Cke. lUus. no. 425, t. 396.
<£ato<?, dusky; /ee</>aX?;, head.
P. 5-10 cm., fuliginous, becoming brownish, subcampanulate, rarely
flattened and umbonate, smooth. St 7-13 cm. x 8-14 mm., grey,
with brownish lines, base white and swollen, naked. Gills yellowish
bistre colour, free, semilunate, very broad. Spores bright ferruginous
red, elliptical, 6 x 4/t. Pine, and mixed woods. Oct. Rare
586. I. schista Cke. & Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 423, t. 504. o^aro?, split.
P. 5-7-5 cm., bay brown, obtusely campanulate, broadly subumbo-
nate, cracking longitudinally, rather fibrillose. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., paler
than the p., equal, twisted, solid. Gills rufescent, adnate with a decur-
rent tooth, rather broad; edge pale, serrate. Lawns. May. Rare.
/. subrimosa (Karst.) Sacc. = Astrosporina asterospora (Quel.) Rea.
/. scabella (Fr.) Bres. = Inocybe flocculosa Berk.
/. tricholoma (A. & S.) Fr. = Flammula tricholoma (A. & S.) Fr.
7. strigiceps Fr. = Flammula strigiceps Fr.
7. Curreyi Berk. = Inocybe fastigiata (SchaefL) Fr.
7. adequata Britz. = Inocybe mimica Massee.
7. lanuginosa Fr. sec. Bataille = Astrosporina sabuletorum (B. &Curt.)
Rea.
7. violaceo-fusca Cke. & Massee = Cortinarius (Dennocybe) violaceo-
fuscus (Cke. & Massee) Massee.
7. Trinii (Weinm.) Bres. = Inocybe Godeyi Gill.
7. hiulca (Fr.) Kalchbr. = Inocybe Godeyi GiU.
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, irregular, angular,
echinulate, or verrucose.
Astrosporina Schroet.
(aa-T^p, star; <riropd, seed.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Veil marginal, fugacious. Stem fleshy, cen-
tral. Gills adnate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores ochraceous,
1 Massee, Eur. Fung. Fl. Agar. p. 156.
208 ASTROSPOBINA
ferruginous, olivaceous, or fuscous; angular, nodose, verrucose,
echinulate, or irregular in shape. Cystidia present, or absent, fusi-
form, ventricose, cylindrical, or clavate. Growing on the ground,
rarely caespitose.
I. Cystidia present.
*Stem whitish, or pallid.
587. A. fibrosa (Sow.) Rea. (= Inocybe fibrosa (Sow.) Fr.) Bres.
Fung. Trid. t. 56, as Inocybe fibrosa Sow. Fibrosa, fibrous.
P. 6-10 cm., white, or straw colour, sometimes spotted yellow, fleshy,
obtusely campanulate, then expanded and gibbous, or broadly um-
bonate, silky, at length cracking; margin deeply split, often lobed.
St. 6-10 x 1-5-2-5 cm., white, base at length straw colour, subequal,
striate, or somewhat sulcate, apex pruinose. Gills white, becoming
cinereous-cinnamon with age, attenuated behind, nearly free, crowded.
Flesh white. Spores ochraceous, angular, oblong, 10-13 x 5-7 /i.
Cystidia fusoid, 70-90 x 10-16/u, thick walled. Smell foetid. Coni-
ferous woods. May — Sept.
588. A. duriuscula Rea. (= Inocybe duriuscula Rea.) Trans. Brit.
Myc. Soc. in, t. 3, as Inocybe duriuscula Rea.
Duriuscula, somewhat hard.
P. 6-7 cm., fulvous ochraceous, disc becoming pale, fleshy, campanu-
late, then expanded and gibbous, floccose, soon longitudinally fibril-
lose; margin at length revolute. St. 8x1-5 cm., white, enlarged at
the apex and base, firm, striate, apex ribbed with the decurrent teeth of
the gills. Gills white, becoming fuscous, sinuato-adnate with a decurrent
tooth, 6-8 mm. wide, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, very firm.
Spores umber, strongly nodulose, 9-10 x 7-8 p, 1-guttulate. Cystidia
ventricose, 52-60 x 13-15/u, abundant. Woods. Sept.— Oct. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
589. A. proximella (Karst.) Rea. (= Inocybe proximella Karst.)
Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 2, as Inocybe proximella Karst.
Proximella, somewhat near.
P. 2-5 cm., pallid yellow, disc, and especially the umbo, becoming
rusty brown, or bay, fleshy, conico-convex, then expanded and umbo-
nate, becoming longitudinally fibrillosely cracked. St. 6-8 x -5-1 cm.,
pallid, slightly narrowed upwards, often attenuated at the base,
sometimes wavy, subfibrillose. Gills pallid, then tan, finally brown,
adnate, 6-7 mm. wide, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white. Spores fer-
ruginous, nodulose, irregularly oblong, 7-10 x 5-7 ft, 1-guttulate.
Cystidia ventricose, 55-70 x 15-24/u,, abundant. On the ground.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
ASTROSPOBINA 209
590. A. praetervisa (Quel.) Schroet. (= Inocybe praetervisa Quel.)
Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 5, as Inocybe praetervisa Quel.
Praetervisa, overlooked.
P. 2-6 cm., fawn, generally darker at the margin, conico-campanu-
late, then expanded, umbonate, or gibbous, often splitting at the
margin with age, slightly viscid, fibrillose, disc glabrous, soon longi-
tudinally virgate. St. 4-7 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, then pale straw colour,
equal, base bulbous, apex pruinose. Gills white, then dirty cinnamon,
attenuated behind, adnexed, almost free, narrow, 3 mm. wide,
crowded; edge white, fimbriate. Flesh white. Spores dark brownish in
the mass, ochraceous under the microscope, angular, 9-11 x 5-6 /x,
1-3-guttulate. Cystidia fusiform, ventricose, 55-75 x 18-30/u,, some-
what fuscous at the apex, "sometimes with olive granular contents"
Rick. On the ground under conifers. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
591. A. lanuginella Schroet. Lanuginella, somewhat floccose.
P. 1-5-3 cm., tawny, or greyish brown, campanulato-convex, then
plane, obtusely umbonate, fibrillose, cracked ("fibrils septate, apical
cell 35-40 x 8-llju, with rounded ends" Schroeter). St. 1-5-
5 cm. x 1-5-5 mm., pallid, apex at first delicately tinged with lilac,
base brownish, equal, fibrillose. Gills pallid, then cinnamon, 2-3 mm.
wide, slightly adnexed, somewhat crowded, edge fimbriate. Flesh
white, tinged reddish under the cuticle of the pileus and stem, thick at the
disc, thin at the margin of the pileus, firm. Spores cinnamon in the
mass, oblong, obtusely angular, 8-11 x 5-7 /*. Cystidia hyaline,
either fusiform, ventricose, obtuse at the apex, muriculate or not,
40-70 x 15-23 /LI, or acicular and acute. On the ground in oak woods.
Aug. Uncommon, (v.v.)
592. A. infida (Peck) Rea. (= Agaricus (Hebeloma) infidus Peck,
Inocybe umbratica Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 58, fig. 2, as
Inocybe commixta Bres. Infida, unsafe.
Entirely white. P. 2-3 cm., fleshy, conico-campanulate, then ex-
panded and umbonate, silky-fibrillose ; margin often split. St. 3-
4 cm. x 3-6 mm., minutely pruinose, equal, apex mealy, base bulbous.
Gills white, then greyish-cinnamon, free, very crowded, edge minutely
fimbriate. Flesh white, somewhat straw colour at the base of the
stem. Spores ochraceous, angular, globose-oblong, 9-10 x 6-7 p.
Cystidia fusiform or subventricose, somewhat fuscous at the apex,
40-45 x 12-14/t. Smell earthy, strong. Taste mild. Coniferous woods.
Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
593. A. trechispora (Berk.) Rea. (= Hebeloma trechisporum Berk.)
Cke. Illus. no. 443, t. 403, upper figs., as Inocybe trechispora
Berk. Tpa^vs, rough; <nropd, seed.
P. 1-5—2-5 cm., whitish, or cinereous, umbo tawny, submembrana-
ceous, convex, strongly umbonate, viscid at first, then dry and silky;
B. B. B. 14
210 ASTROSPORINA
margin paler with a slight livid tinge, thin. St. 5 cm. x 4 mm., white,
equal, often flexuose, with a mass of white mycelium at the base,
slightly striate under a lens and mealy. Gills whitish, then pinkish
grey, emarginate, scarcely adnate, ventricose, margin denticulate.
Flesh white. Spores bistre-brown, warted, angular, 7-8 x 5-6 /n.
Cystidia fusoid, or subventricose, 40-50 x 12-18/>t, fairly abundant.
Woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
**Stem coloured.
594. A. asterospora (Quel.) Rea. (= Inocybe asterospora Quel., Ino-
cybe subrimosa Sacc., Clypeus subrimosus Karst.) Cke. Illus.
no. 430, t. 385, as Inocybe asterospora Quel.
ao'Trip, star; <nropd, seed.
P. 2-5 cm., bistre, with brown striae, convex then expanded and
umbonate, becoming rimose. St. 5-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., reddish, streaked
with brown fibrils, pubescent, equal, base marginately bulbous, cuticle
separable. Gills whitish bistre, then cinnamon, emarginate, ventricose,
thin. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous, stellately-nodulose, sub-
globose, 9-12/M. Cystidia ventricose, 33 x 18/M, abundant. Smell
mouldy. Woods, and under trees. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
595. A. fasciata (Cke. & Mass.) Rea. (= Inocybe fasciata Cke. &
Massee.) Cke. Illus. no. 1164, 1. 1173, as Inocybe fasciata Cke. &
Massee. Fasciata, bound together in bundles.
Densely caespitose. P. 5-7-5 cm., tawny, disc rufous, campanulato-
convex, silky, clad with minute, darker, squarrose scales. St. 5-7-5 cm.
x 3-10 mm., pallid, base reddish, equal, or a little attenuated below,
fibrillose. Gills pallid, attenuated in front, rounded behind, or slightly
sinuate, crowded. Flesh white, reddish towards the base of the stem.
Spores fuscous, angular, elliptical, 10 x 6/x. Cystidia ventricose,
40-50 x 12-15/n, scanty. Amongst grass. Rare.
596. A. lanuginosa (Bull.) Schroet. (= Inocybe lanuginosa (Bull.)
Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 117, as Inocybe lanuginosa Bull.
Lanuginosa, woolly.
P. 2-5-4 cm., umber, at length becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, hemi-
spherical, or campanulato-convex, then expanded and umbonate,
fiocculosely-scaly, disc squarrose with hairy scales. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-
3 mm., somewhat concolorous, equal, fibrillosely-squamulose', cortina
greyish white, soon disappearing. Gills pallid clay colour, then reddish
cinnamon, rounded behind, adnexed, then separating, somewhat
crowded; margin white, fioccosely crenulate. Flesh pallid. Spores
fuscous ochraceous, angular, 10-15 x 8-9/n. Cystidia cylindrical, or
clavate, 50-60 x 20-25 /M, somewhat fuscous at the apex. Mossy stumps,
especially conifers, "never on the ground" Bres. July — Nov. Un-
common, (v.v.)
ASTROSPORINA 211
597. A. calospora (Quel.) Kea. (= Inocybe calospora Quel.) Bres.
Fung. Trid. t. 21, as Inocybe calospora Quel.
Ka\6s, beautiful; cnropd, seed.
P. 2-3 cm., fuscous rufescent, becoming somewhat yellowish, some-
what fleshy, conico-campanulate, then expanded and umbonate,
fibrillosely villose, then covered with adpressed, concolorous squamules',
margin whitish, fibrillose. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., livid then rufescent,
apex white-pruinose, base subbulbose. Gills pallid, then tawny cinna-
mon, free, ventricose, crowded; edge white-pruinose. Flesh somewhat
concolorous. Spores ferruginous in the mass, bright ochraceous under
the microscope, globose, 10-14/z, bluntly warted. Cystidia fusiform,
45-55 x S-Wfj,, somewhat fuscousatthe apex, scanty. Taste slightly acid.
Deciduous woods, and under trees. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
598. A. Gaillardii (Gillet) Rea. (= Inocybe Gaillardi Gillet.)
A. GaiUard.
P. 1—3 cm., tawny-yellow, or rust colour, convex, then plane, umbo-
nate, fioccosely squamulose; margin fimbriate. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 2-4 mm.,
concolorous. Gills brownish cinnamon, free, ventricose; edge whitish.
Flesh concolorous, or paler. Spores ferruginous, globose, covered with
long, slender, hyaline spines, 8/z,, or 10-12/n, including the spines.
Cystidia subcylindrical, 40-45 x 10/A, scanty. Woods, and under
trees. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
599. A. seabella (Fr.) Schroet. (= Inocybe scabella (Fr.) Quel.) Fr.
Icon. t. 110, fig. 1, as Inocybe scabella Fr. Scaber, rough.
P. 1-2 cm., fuscous, or fuscous rufescent, somewhat fleshy, conical,
then expanded, umbonate, silky-fibrillose, at length torn into scales
around the even umbo. St. 4 cm. x 1—2 mm., rufescent, or becoming
pale, apex pruinose, equal, tense and straight, or flexuose. Gills
dingy, becoming fuscous, adnexed, more or less crowded. Flesh dingy.
Spores bistre, warted, angular elliptical, 8x6/4. Cystidia ventricose
fusiform, 55-65 x 12-15ju,. Woods, and amongst short grass. Sept. —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
600. A. Trinii (Weinm.) Rea. (= Inocybe Trinii (Weinm.) Fr.) Cke.
Illus. no. 435, t. 428, lower figs., as Inocybe Trinii Weinm.
Carl Bernard Trinius, the Russian botanist.
P. 1-2 cm., whitish with a rufous tinge due to longitudinal rufous
fibrils, tawny when dry, hemispherical, obtuse. St. 4-6 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
white, covered with loose reddish, or rufous fibrils, equal, apex white-
mealy. Gills dusky cinnamon, rounded behind, adnexed, ventricose,
edge white-fiocculose. Flesh white. Spores angular, subglobose, or
somewhat oblong, 9-10 /i, or 9-10 x 6-8/i. Cystidia ventricose, 50-
60 x 14-17/A, abundant. Smell pleasant, like clove-pinks. Woods,
and amongst grass. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
14—2
212 ASTROSPORINA
601. A. maritima (Fr.) Rea. (= Inocybe maritima Fr.) Cke. Illus.
no. 414, t. 392, as Inocybe maritima Fr.
Maritima, pertaining to the sea.
P. 2-3 cm., fuscous, or mouse colour, becoming hoary when dry,
hygrophanous, fleshy, somewhat soft, convex, then flattened, obtuse, or
umbonate, flocculosely fibrillose, more or less adpressedly scaly. St.
2-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., a little paler than the pileus, equal, fibrillose, at
first furnished with a cortina. Grills fuscous-grey, then becoming fer-
ruginous, rounded, adnexed, somewhat separating, ventricose. Flesh
becoming fuscous-grey. Spores ferruginous, angular, oblong, 9-10 x 6/x,
1-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, 45—55 x 12-18ju,. Often caespitose.
Sea shores, and sandy ground in woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
602. A. Rennyi (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Inocybe Rennyi B. & Br.) Cke.
lUus. no. 442, t. 520, fig. A, as Inocybe Rennyi B. & Br.
J. Renny, a British mycologist.
P. 1 '5-2 cm., pale fawn colour, disc brown, hemispherical, slightly
fibrillose. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-4 mm., paler than the p., attenuated down-
wards, fibrillose. Gills dingy ochraceous, rounded behind, almost free.
Spores ochraceous, angular, slightly nodulose, oblong, 11-13 x 7-
8/i, pointed at one end. Cystidia fusoid, 40-50 x 12-16/z, scanty.
On the ground.
var. major (Massee) Rea. (= Inocybe Rennyi B. & Br. var. major
Massee.) Cke. Illus. no. 442, t. 520, fig. B, as Inocybe Rennyi
B. & Br. var. Major, larger.
Differs from the type in its larger size, and slightly nodulose spores,
13-17 x 10/Lt. Fir woods. Nov.
603. A. sabuletorum (B. & Curt.) Rea. (= Inocybe sabuletorum B. &
Curt., and Inocybe lanuginosa Fr. sec. Bataille.)
Sabuletorum, of sandy places.
P. 1-3 cm., umber, at length becoming yellowish, slightly fleshy, con-
vex, then expanded, obtuse, or somewhat umbonate, velvety, the pile
becoming matted together into little squamules, which stand erect at the
disc. St. 2-4 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, tough, equal, fibrillosely
squamulose, or downy, apex white mealy. Gills clay colour, then fer-
ruginous, sinuate, or separating free, thin, ventricose; edge white,
minutely fimbriate. Flesh concolorous. Spores ferruginous, angular,
9-10 x 6-7 p. Cystidia fusoid, or ventricose, 45-50 x 12-15/z, some-
what scanty. Woods. July — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
604. A. fulva Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7. Fulvus, tawny.
P. 3-4 cm., tawny, darker at the disc, fleshy, convex, then expanded,
longitudinally adpressedly fibrillose; margin thin. St. 5-6 cm. x 5-
ASTROSPORINA 213
6 mm., concolorous, apex lilac colour becoming pale, equal, slightly
attenuated at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, then ochraceous,
margin whitish, sinuato-adnate, 6-7 mm. broad, somewhat crowded.
Flesh white, becoming reddish in the stem, thin. Spores deep ochraceous,
oblong, angular, 10 x 5-G-5//,. Cystidia hyaline, bladder-like, obtuse,
42 x 20/A, thin walled, often slightly granular at the apex. Bare
ground in frondose woods. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
605. A.fulvella (Bres.) Rea. (= Inocybe fulvella Bres.) Trans. Brit.
Myc. Soc. n, t. 8, as Inocybe fulvella Bres. Fulvus, tawny.
P. 6-12 mm., olivaceous honey colour with the umbo somewhat darker,
then becoming yellowish, or fuscous olive with the umbo tawny, conico-
campanulate, then expanded, and umbonate, flocculosely silky,
glabrous at the centre, somewhat hygrophanous. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-
2 mm., lilac, soon changing to rufescent, attenuated downwards, apex
white-pruinose. Gills lilac, then cinnamon, rounded behind, and
almost free, ventricose, 1-5 mm. wide, subdistant, edge fimbriate.
Flesh yellowish, lilac at the apex of the stem and then rufescent. Spores
ferruginous, angular, warted, 7-9 x 5-6/A. Cystidia fusiform, ventri-
cose, 45-60 x 10-18/A, somewhat fuscous at the apex. Amongst moss.
Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
606. A. Bucknallii (Massee) Rea. (= Inocybe Bucknallii Massee.)
Annals of Bot. xvm (1904), t. 32, figs. 5, 6, as Inocybe Bucknalli
Massee. Cedric Bucknall, the Bristol mycologist.
P. 1—2 cm., brownish, campanulato-convex, fibrillose, disc with a
few squamules. St. 2-4 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, equal, or slightly
thickened at the base, fibrillose. Gills rusty-brown, adnexed, thick,
rather distant, edge minutely fimbriate. Spores irregularly oblong,
15-17 x 8—9/1,, angular, apiculate at one end. Basidia clavate, ex-
ceptionally large, 70-80 x 16-18ju,, 4-spored. Cystidia on edge of
gill only, clavate, 75-85 x 15-20/x, thin walled. Under bushes.
Autumn. Rare.
607. A. petiginosa (Fr.) Rea. (= Hebeloma petiginosum Fr., Inocybe
petiginosa (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 114, fig. 4, as Hebeloma peti-
ginosum Fr. Petiginosa, scurfy.
P. 1-2 cm., fuscous at the gibbous, naked disc, hoary-silky with
superficial, closely adpressed fibrils at the circumference, when old
rufescent, or becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, conical, then convex,
somewhat umbonate. St. 2-5—5 cm. x 2 mm., brick rufescent, be-
coming fuscous, tough, equal, or slightly attenuated at the base,
white pulverulent. Gills light yellow, then olivaceous-date-brown, beauti-
fully ciliated under a lens, at first slightly adnexed, soon free, ventri-
crowded. Flesh cream colour, rufescent in the stem. Spores
214 ASTROSPORINA. TRICHOLOMA
olivaceous, angular, warted, oblong, 8-9 x 5-6 /z. Cystidia fusiform,
48-65 x 9-10/i. Beech woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
II. No cystidia.
608. A. margaritispora (Berk.) Eea. (= Inocybe margaritispora Berk.)
Cke. Illus. no. 432, t. 505, as Inocybe margaritispora.
Hapyapirris, a pearl; (nropd, seed.
P. 3-5 cm., fawn colour, or pale yellowish-brown, campanulate, then
expanded and broadly umbonate, undulating, silky, clad with ad-
pressed fibrillose scales. St. 6-10 cm. x 5-8 mm., pallid, equal, fibril-
lose. Gills pallid, reaching the stem, scarcely adnate. Flesh yellowish.
Spores ochraceous, coarsely warted, subglobose, 8/z. On the ground.
Oct. Rare.
III. No record given in the diagnosis whether cystidia
are present or not.
609. A. plumosa (Bolt.) Rea. (= Inocybe plumosa (Bolt.) Fr.) Boud.
Icon. t. 118, as Inocybe plumosa (Bolt.) Fr.
Plumosa, feathered.
P. 3-5 cm., dark fuliginous, campanulate, then expanded, umbo-
nate, fibrillose, squamulose with recurved scales especially at the darker
disc. St. 4-6 cm. x 4—8 mm., concolorous, squamulosely fibrillose, apex
naked. Gills concolorous, adnate, fairly wide. Flesh pallid, concolorous
under the pellicle of the pikus and stem. Spores olivaceous, or fuliginous,
angular, 8-12 x 5-7 /A. Pine woods. Aug. — Nov. Uncommon.
A. leucocephala (Boud.) Rea. (= Inocybe leucocephala Boud.) Massee
makes this a synonym for Astrosporina infida (Peck) Rea, but
this requires confirmation.
A. hiulca (Fr.) Rea. (= Inocybe hiulca (Fr.) Bres.) This Astrosporina
has erroneously been recorded as British, but the specimens
should have been referred to Inocybe Godeyi Gill.
***Gills sinuate.
Spores white.
Tricholoma Fr.
(6pi%, hair; Xw/ia, fringe.)
Pileus fleshy, regular, margin incurved. Stem central, fleshy. Gills
sinuate, sinuato-adnate, or decurrent by a tooth. Spores white,
rarely pinkish, or yellowish in the mass ; elliptical, oval, pip-shaped,
globose, subglobose, or oblong; smooth, punctate, verrucose, or
echinulate, continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the
ground, very rarely on wood, sometimes forming large rings.
TRICHOLOMA 215
A. P. viscid, fibrillose, scaly or pubescent.
(a) Gills not changing colour.
610. T. equestre (Linn.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 24, figs. 1-12.
Equestre, belonging to the order of knights.
P. 7-5-12-5 cm., pale yellowish, sulphur-olive, olivaceous, brick
rufescent, disc and innate squamules darker, becoming fuscous, com-
pactly fleshy, unequal, convex, then plane, very obtuse, flexuoso-
repand, viscid. St. 2-5—5 x 1-5—2-5 cm., sulphur-yellow, hard, squamu-
lose. Gills sulphur-yellow, or sulphur-olive, emarginate, or rounded,
scarcely adnexeu, broad, somewhat ventricose, crowded. Flesh
whitish, yellow under the cuticle of the p., thick. Spores white, ellip-
tical, 6 x 3/z. "Cystidia on edge of gill cylindrical-clavate, 30-
36 x 10-14^, filled with yellow juice" Rick. Taste pleasant. Edible.
Pine woods. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
611. T. cdryphaeum Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 76.
tcopv(f)aio<>, a leader.
P. 5—12 cm., yellowish, disc darker, punctate with brown squamules,
fleshy, ccnvexo-campanulate, then plane, sometimes broadly umbo-
nate, somewhat viscid, soon dry. St. 5—7 x 1 cm., white, tinged with
yellow in the middle, apex white mealy, base obclavate, or fusiform and
somewhat rooting. Gills white with a yellow margin, often grey at the
base, sometimes connected by veins, emarginate, crowded, broad.
Flesh white, citron-yellow under the epidermis, thick. Spores white,
subglobose, 5-6 x 4-5ju,, 1-guttulate. Taste somewhat bitter. Beech
woods. Sept. — Nov. Rare, (v.v.)
612. T. sejunctum (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 126.
Sejunctum, separated.
P. 7 -5-10 cm., light yellow, streaked with innate fuscous fibrils, con-
vex, then expanded, gibbous, viscid in wet weather; margin yellowish,
or white, villous, becoming torn. St. 6-12-5 x 1-5-2-5 cm., white,
tinged with yellow, ventricose, then elongated, apex delicately squamu-
lose. Gills shining white, sometimes tinged with yellow, emarginate,
broad, subdistant. Flesh white, yellowish under the cuticle of the p.
and in the St., fragile. Spores white, subglobose, 5-7 p. Smell of new
meal. Taste slightly bitter. Mixed woods, especially oak, and pine.
Sept. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
613. T. portentosum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 24, upper figs.
Portentosum, monstrous.
P. 7-5-12-5 cm., fuliginous, livid, sometimes violaceous, streaked with
black, innate fibrils, fleshy, convexo-plane, subumbonate, unequal,
repand, viscid. St. 7-5-15 x 2-5 cm., white, becoming tinged with
sulphur-yellow, or greenish glaucous, equal, sometimes attenuate-
216 TRICHOLOMA
rooted at the villous base, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, becoming
straw colour, or glaucous, rounded, almost free, broad, distant. Flesh
white, often tinged with yellow or greenish, very thin at the margin of the
p., fragile. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/n, 1-guttulate. Taste
pleasant. Edible. Pine, and fir woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
614. T. fucatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 24, lower figs. Fucatum, painted.
P. 5-10 cm., lurid yellow, or cinereous light yellow, variegated with
bistre, tiger-like spots, disc darker, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, often
irregular, viscid, soon dry. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 8-12 mm., straw colour,
streaked with fibrils that become blackish, apex white, pruinose, fragile,
subequal. Gills whitish, deeply emarginate, 6-10 mm. broad, some-
what crowded, fragile. Flesh yellowish, thin, fragile. Spores white,
"subglobose, 5-6 x 5/u," Rick. Pine woods. Sept. — Nov. Un-
common.
615. T. quinquepartitum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 25.
Quinque, five; partitum, divided.
P. 5-7-5 cm., pallid light yellow, margin paler, fleshy, convex, then
plane, obtuse, umbonate, repand, viscid, fragile. St. 6-10 cm. x 12-
15 mm., white, or whitish, equal, or attenuated upwards, striate. Gills
white, emarginate, 12 mm. broad, not crowded. Flesh white, fragile,
thin at the margin. Spores "5-6 x 3-4/u," Sacc. Taste mild. Pine
woods. Oct. — Nov. Rare.
616. T. resplendens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 29, upper figs.
Resplendens, shining brightly.
Entirely shining white, becoming yellowish externally and internally.
P. 5-10 cm., silvery shining when dry, often with hyaline spots, disc
becoming yellow, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, viscid ; margin
straight, thin. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 12-15 mm., equal, or subbulbous,
sometimes curved, apex slightly flocculose. Gills emarginate, some-
what crowded, 6-8 mm. broad, equally attenuated in front. Spores
white, elliptical, 8 x 4/i. "Cystidia on edge of gill basidia-like, 30-
36 x 8-9/z" Rick. Smell pleasant, taste mild. Beech, and hazel
woods. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
617. T. spermaticum (Paul.) Fr. (= Tricholoma columbetta Fr. sec.
Quel.) Gillet, Hym. t. 62. (nreppa, semen.
Entirely white. P. 4-9 cm., somewhat fleshy, convex, then flattened,
obtuse, repand, viscid, shining when dry, and often becoming yellow-
ish; margin involute. St. 5-9 x 1-5-2 cm., twisted. Gills emarginate,
subdistant, eroded. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 5-6/u, verrucose.
Smell strong, taste unpleasant. Oak, and fir woods. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
TBICHOLOMA 217
(6) Gills changing colour, generally with reddish spots.
T. colossum Fr. = Armillaria colossa (Fr.) Boud.
618. T. nictitans Fr. (= Tricholoma acerbum Bull. sec. Quel.) Hussey,
Illus. Brit. Myc. n, t. 46. Nictitans, winking.
P. 5-6 cm., brownish red, becoming yellow, disc darker, fleshy, convex,
then flattened, obtuse, viscid. St. 7-5 cm. x 12 mm., pallid light
yellow, equal, or attenuated upwards, base truncate, elastic, dry, apex
squamulose. Gills light yellow, rufescent spotted when old, rounded
adnexed, crowded, rather broad, subventricose. Flesh white, thin.
Spores white, "elliptical, 7-8 x 5/i" Massee. Taste pleasant. Mixed
woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
619. T. ful vellum Fr. Fulvus, tawny.
P. 2-5-8 cm., pale yellowish rufescent, or tan colour, fleshy, convex,
then plane, viscid, disc darker, dotted wrinkled. St. 4-7-5 x 1 cm.,
whitish rufescent, fibrillose, apex naked. Gills white, then rufescent,
rounded, then emarginate, crowded. Flesh often more or less yellow.
Spores white, "subglobose, 4-5 /z" Massee. Beech woods. Oct.—
Nov. Rare.
620. T. aurantium (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Armillaria aurantia (Schaeff.)
Fr. Hym. Eur.) Fr. Icon. t. 27, upper figs., as Armillaria
aurantia Schaeff. Aurantium, orange coloured.
P. 5-8 cm., rusty orange colour, disc often darker, fleshy, convex,
then plane, obtuse, viscid, obsoletely innato-squamulose, or almost
smooth. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous with concentric, orange
scales, apex white, mealy, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards. Gills
white, then tinged with rufous, emarginate, adnexed, crowded, 4 mm.
broad. Flesh white, reddish in the st. Spores white, elliptical, 6-
7 x 4-5/i, 1-guttulate. Smell very pleasant. Taste bitter. Edible.
Coniferous woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
621. T. fulvum (DC.) Fr. (= Tricholoma flavo-brunneum Fr. Hym.
Eur.) Fr. Icon. t. 26, upper figs., as Tricholoma flavo-brunneum Fr.
Fulvum, tawny.
P. 7-5-15 cm., reddish brown, or rufous tawny with a darker disc,
fleshy, conico-convex, then flattened, broadly gibbous, viscid, streaked
with fibrils, or innately squamulose. St. 7-5-12-5 cm. x 12 mm.,
rufescent, or becoming fuscous, streaked with rufous fibrils, attenuated
at both ends, equal only when smaller, viscid at first, apex naked. Gills
light yellow, spotted rufous when old or touched, emarginate, decurrent
by a tooth, crowded. Flesh white, sulphur-yellow in the stem. Spores
white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4 /u, 1-guttulate; "basidia on edge of gill filled
with yellowish juice" Rick. Smell of new meal, or rancid. Decidu-
ous woods, and heaths under birches. Sept. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
218 TBICHOLOMA
622. T. albobrunneum (Pers.) Fr. (= Tricholoma striatum (Schaeff.)
Quel.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 27, figs. 7-11.
Albus, white; brunneum, brown.
P. 7-5-10 cm., rich brown, or chestnut, fleshy, compact only at the
papillose disc, campanulate, then hemispherical, viscid, streaked with
innate fibrils; margin incurved, often wrinkled-crenate. St. 4-5 x 2-5-
4 cm., rufescent, constantly white at both ends, equal, dry, apex white mealy.
Gills white, becoming pale, or rufescent, rounded emarginate, scarcely
crowded, very broad, 6 mm. and more wide, firm. Flesh white, scissile.
Spores white globose, or elliptical, 4-6 x 4/x, 1-guttulate. Taste mild.
Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
623. T. irregulare Karst. In, not; regulare, regular
P. 10 cm., pale, tinged tawny rufous, convex, then expanded, very
irregular, rather viscid, fibrillosely virgate. St. 6-9 x 1-5-3 cm., white,
equal, curved, apex fiocculose. Gills white, then reddish, or spotted,
emarginate. Flesh white. Spores white, subglobose, 3-4 x 2-3/it.
Smell strong of meal.
624. T. ustale Fr. Gonnerm. & Rabenh. t. 14, fig. 2. Ustale, burnt.
P. 3-8 cm., bay brown rufous, disc darker, fleshy, not compact,
hemispherico-expanded, umbonate at first, soon plane, obtuse, viscid,
smooth. St. 5-7 cm. x 12 mm., rufescent, apex whitish, equal, some-
what rooted, dry, fibrillose, often rufous scaly downwards. Gills white,
at length rufescent, emarginate, with a small decurrent tooth, crowded,
rather broad. Flesh white, becoming reddish in places when broken.
Spores white, subglobose, 5 x 4-5/x, 1-guttulate. Taste bitter. Pine
woods, and under larches. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
625. T. pessundatum Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 21, no. 39.
Pessundatum, ruined.
P. 6-9 cm., bay brown, or rufescent, paler or whitish at the margin,
compactly fleshy, convex, then expanded, very obtuse, granulate, or
guttato-spotted, viscid. St. 5-7-5 x 2-5 cm., white, covered with small,
brownish granules, bulbous at first, then somewhat equal. Gills white,
then rufescent, deeply emarginate, somewhat free, crowded. Flesh
white. Spores white, globose, 5/x, 1-guttulate. Smell of new meal,
taste acid, and bitter. Edible. Fir woods, heaths, and pastures.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
626. T. stans Fr. (= Tricholoma striatum Schaeff. sec. Quel.) Fr.
Icon. t. 28, as Tricholoma pessundatum Fr. Stans, standing.
P. 7-12 cm., rufescent, compact, convex, then flattened, smooth,
viscid. St. 5-7-5 x 1-5-2 cm., whitish, tinged rufescent, squamulose,
somewhat equal. Gills whitish, stained reddish on the margin, rounded
behind, crowded. Flesh reddish under the cuticle. Spores white,
TRICHOLOMA 219
elliptical, 7-8 x 5/z, 1-guttulate. Smell of new meal. Pine woods.
Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
T. russula (Schaeff.) Fr. = Hygrophorus rassula (Schaeff.) Quel.
T.frumentaceum (Bull.) Fr. = Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.) Quel.
B. P. never viscid; torn into scales, or fibrillose.
(a) Gills not changing colour.
627. T. rutilans (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 18, no. 32.
Rutilans, becoming reddish.
P. 5—20 cm., yellow, densely covered with granular, purplish downy
scales, fleshy, campanulate, then convex and flattened, often umbo-
nate. St. 6-9 x 1-2-5 cm., light yellow, besprinkled with purple,
squamulose flocci, bulbous, then ventricose. Gills sulphur-yellow,
sinuato-adnate, crowded, broad; margin thickened, obtuse, floccose.
Flesh light yellow, golden when broken, soft, thick. Spores white,
globose, or elliptical, 5-8 x 4-7 /i. Cystidia "on edge of gill, clavate,
or clavate-capitate, rarely fusiform, 60-175 x 20-36/1," Kick. Taste
mild. Poisonous. Stumps of conifers. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
628. T. variegatum (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1117, t. 642.
Variegatum, variegated.
P. 4-6 cm., yellowish, covered with purple-reddish flocci, slightly
fleshy, fragile, convex, then flattened. St. 5-6 x -5 cm., yellowish,
equal, curved, sometimes bulbous, rarely sprinkled with purple red-
dish flocci, generally smooth. Gills light yellowish white, adnate, narrow,
crowded, thin. Flesh pallid, yellowish in the st. Spores white, sub-
globose, 7 x 6/i, with a large central gutta. On rotten wood, and pine
stumps. June — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
629. T. decorum (Fr.) Quel. (= Pkurotus decorus Fr. Hym. Eur.,
Clitocybe decora Fr. Icon. t. 60, upper figs., Tricholoma rutilans
(Schaeff.) Fr. sec. Dumee). Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 10,
as Pleurotus decorus Fr. Decorum, beautiful.
P. 5-12 cm., yellow, covered with linear, bistre fibrils that become
black with age, fleshy, brittle, convex, then expanded, or depressed,
often excentric. St. 6-10 x 1-5-2 cm., concolorous, covered with fibrils
that blacken with age, equal, slightly enlarged at the base, often twisted.
Gills golden yellow, adnate, or sinuato-adnate, 5-10 mm. broad,
crowded, often separating from the p. when old, edge uneven. Flesh
pale yellow, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4-5/tt, with a large
central gutta. Taste bitter. Stumps of conifers. Sept. — Oct. Un- „,
common, (v.v.)
630. T. centurio Kalchbr. (= Tricholoma molybdinum (Bull.) Quel.,
Clitocybe ampla Pers. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 4, fig. 2.
Centurio, captain.
P. 7-5-12-5 era., fuscous, then livid, acorn-shaped, then campanulate,
220 TRICHOLOMA
strongly umbonate, at length expanded, and somewhat repand, cuticle
breaking up into adpressed fibrils ; margin splitting. St. 7-10 x 5 cm.,
white, ventricose, obsolet ely fibrillose. Gills pallid, deeply emarginate,
almost free, 6-8 mm. wide, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thick.
Spores white, globose, minute. Taste mild. Pine woods. Sept. —
Oct. Rare.
631. T. luridum (Schaeff.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 31,
figs. 4—8. Luridum, lurid.
P. 10 cm., lurid, becoming yellow cinereous, sometimes light yellow,
disc darker, convex, then plane, obtuse, somewhat repand, irregularly
shaped, dry, the cuticle breaking up into free, brown fibrils ; margin
fimbriate. St. 5-7-5 x 1-2-5 cm., whitish or yellowish, unequal, fibril-
lose. Gills whitish, or glaucous, then greyish, emarginate, broad, very
crowded. Flesh whitish, soft, fibrous. Spores white, "elliptical, 12 x 7-
8/A, 1-guttulate" Bat. Smell of new meal. Taste mild. Fir woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
632. T. guttatum (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Tricholoma amarum (A. & S.)
Quel., Tricholoma gentianeum Quel.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit.
t. 31, figs. 9-12. Guttatum, spotted.
P. 7-5-12 cm., cinnamon, or pale yellowish, disc darker, fleshy, con-
vex, then flattened, broken up into granular, or fioccose squamules ;
margin involute at first, white fioccose, remotely sulcate. St. 5-8
x 1-5 cm., white, subequal, mealy. Gills snow-white, emarginate, de-
current in the form of lines, very crowded. Flesh white. Spores white,
elliptical, 4-6 x 3/n. Smell and taste bitter, somewhat acrid. Woods.
Oct. Uncommon.
633. T. truncatum (Schaeff.) Quel. (= Hebeloma truncatum (Schaeff.)
Fr.) Boud. Icon. t. 26. Truncatum, maimed.
P. 5-10 cm., somewhat rufous, or yellowish tawny, convex, then de-
pressed, undulato-repand, very irregular, smooth, then minutely floe-
cose; margin whitish, or flesh colour, lobed, incurved, pruinose. St.
4-9cm. x S-\Om.m., white, equal, firm, pruinoselytomentose. Gillscmm
colour, then flesh colour, emarginate with a tooth, narrow, often crisped,
branched and anastomosing. Flesh white, firm. Spores yellowish in the
mass, uncoloured under the microscope, elliptical, 5-8 x 3-4/it. Smell
weak. Taste somewhat bitter. Edible. Fir, and deciduous woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
634. T. psammopum Kalchbr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 3, fig. 2.
•
^, sand; TTOU?, foot.
P. 3-5 cm., tawny brown, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse,
or slightly umbonate, minutely fibrillosely squamulose, or smooth. St.
5-7 x 1-5 cm., concolorous, equal, or ventricose, attenuated at the base,
TRICHOLOMA 221
granularly punctate from, the breaking up of the epidermis, apex white.
Gills straw, or flesh colour, emarginate, adnate by a tooth, ventricose,
subdistant, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, or whitish, firm. Spores white,
subglobose, 4-5 x 3-4/>i, 1-guttulate. Taste mild, then slightly bitter.
Coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
635. T. amarum (A. & S.) Quel. (= Clitocybe amara Fr., Tricholoma
guttatum Schaeff., and Tricholoma gentianeum Quel. sec. Quel.)
Amarum, bitter.
P. 5-8 cm., rufescent, or becoming fuscous, then becoming pale whitish,
fleshy, pliant, convex, then flattened, obtuse, often unequal, and
Tepaud,fibrittosely-silky, becoming smooth and rivulose; margin paler,
or whitish, thin, involute at first, tomentose. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 12 mm.,
white, equal, attenuated at the white floccose base, tough, elastic,
firm, tomentose, often striate. Gills white, adnato-decurrent, or
sinuate, crowded, thin, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, compact. Spores
white, subglobose, 6 x 5/u., 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant. Taste very
bitter. Woody places, and hedgerows. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
636. T. opipamm (Fr.) Quel. (= Clitocybe opipara Fr.) FT. Icon.
t. 49, upper figs., as Clitocybe opipara Fr. var. major Fr.
Opiparum, splendid.
P. 5-10 cm., yellowish flesh colour, pale yellow, or rosy flesh colour,
very fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, delicately flocculose at first,
then very smooth, shining. St. 4-7 x 1-2 cm., white, often becoming dis-
coloured, firm, equal, or slightly attenuated at the base, smooth. Gills
white, adnate, or adnato-decurrent, equally attenuated behind,
crowded, 6-8 mm. broad, often connected by veins. Flesh white, com-
pact. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4/u,, 1-guttulate. Smell and
taste very pleasant. Edible. Mossy places under trees. Oct. — Nov.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
637. T. columbetta Fr. (= Eypophyllum spermaticum Paul. sec. Quel.)
Fr. Icon. t. 29, lower figs. Columba, a pigeon.
Entirely shining white, occasionally spotted with red or blue. P.
5-10 cm., disc sometimes greyish, fleshy, convex, then flattened, ob-
tuse, flexuose, dry, at first smooth, then silky-fibrillose, becoming even,
or squamulose; margin incurved, tomentose. St. 7-5—10 x 2-5 cm.,
equal, or unequal, sometimes attenuated at the base, often fibrillosely
striate and tinged with bluish green towards the base. Gills somewhat
emarginate, almost free, 4-6 mm. broad, often subserrulate. Flesh
white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. Smell
and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Nov. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
222 TRICHOLOMA
638. T. scalpturatum Fr. (= Tricholoma argyraceum (Bull.) Quel.)
Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 151. Scalpturatum, engraved.
P. 5-7*5 cm., whitish, or greyish, becoming fuscous with the adpressed
scattered, floccose, umber, or rufescent scales, fleshy, conical, then con-
vex and flattened, often umbonate, floccose when young; margin
fibrillosely tomentose. St. 3-7 cm. x 8-12 mm., whitish, equal, either
thickened, or attenuated at the base, firm, adpressedly fibrillose. Gills
white, or greyish white, becoming yellow, or spotted with yellow, emar-
ginate, almost free, crowded, ventricose. Flesh whitish, becoming cine-
reous, thin, slightly firm. Spores white, elliptical, 5-7 x 3-4/x, 1—
2-guttulate. Fir woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
(b) Gills rufescent, or becoming cinereous, edge often
spotted red, or black.
639. T. imbricatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 30.
Imbricatum, covered with tiles.
P. 7-5-10 cm., rufous umber, torn into squamules except at the disc,
fleshy, broadly convex, then flattened, and obtuse, very dry; margin thin,
at first inflexed, pubescent, then naked. St. 4-5 x 2-5 cm., brownish,
ventricose, base either conico-bulbous, or attenuated, adpressedly
fibrillose, apex white, mealy. Flesh white, often becoming discoloured,
firm, compact, thick. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5 x 3-5/i, with a
large central gutta. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept.
— Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
640. T. vaccinum (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 80, t. 60.
Vaccinum, cow-like.
P. 2-5-6 cm., rufous, torn up into floccose, squarrose, or when smaller,
adpressed scales, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, dry;
margin involute, very woolly, tomentose for a short distance on the p.
over the base of the gills. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 8-16 mm., brownish, equal,
thickened, or attenuated at the base, fibrillose, cortinote. Gills whitish,
then spotted rufous, and at length rufescent, slightly sinuate, almost
adnate, subdistant, 6-12 mm. broad. Flesh white, then reddish, firm,
thick. Spores white, subglobose, 6-8 x 6-7 /A. Taste somewhat acrid.
Coniferous woods. Aug. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
T. immundum Berk. = Collybia fumosa (Pers.) Quel.
641. T. inodermeum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1120, t. 945.
t?, fibre; Sepyu.a, skin.
P. 2—5 cm., fuscous becoming reddish, becoming torn up into fibrils,
and variegated with radiating scales, slightly fleshy, conico-campanulate,
acute, then rather convex and subumbonate. St. 7-8 cm. x 3-5 mm.,
whitish, becoming rufescent, firm, equal, scarcely fibrillose, apex white
mealy. Gills white, becoming spotted red when touched, free, or slightly
TRICHOLOMA 223
adnexed, very broad, strongly ventricose, almost semicircular, distant.
Flesh white, slightly reddening, thin, fibrous in the stem. Spores white,
elliptical, obtuse at both ends, more rarely with a basal apiculus,
7-9 x 4-5//,,3-4-guttulate. Coniferous woods. Aug. — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
642. T. unguentatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 31, upper figs.
Unguentatum, anointed.
P. 5-10 cm., cinereous, or greyish brown, slightly fleshy, campanu-
late, then expanded, umbonate, covered withfioccose, viscid squamules',
margin at first inflexed, then spreading, smooth. St. 7-10 x 1-2-5 cm.,
grey, or white, equal, firm, laxly fibrillose. Gills dirty white, emarginate,
crowded, very broad. Flesh white, firm. Pine woods. Sept. Rare.
643. T. gausapatum Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 35, figs. 1-4.
yava-aTrrjs, a shaggy woollen cloth.
P. 5-7-5 cm., cinereous grey, fleshy, somewhat thin, bullate, or ob-
tusely campanulate, then expanded, repand, densely tomentose with
superficial, separating, silky, adpressed fibrils ; margin white, incurved,
woolly. St. 5-6 x 1 cm., shining white, equal, blunt, laxly fibrillose,
cortinate. Gills grey, emarginate, free, crowded, 4 mm. broad, edge
often uneven. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 p.
Woods, and grassy places. Sept. — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
644. T. terreum (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Tricholoma triste (Scop.) Quel.)
Terreum, earthy.
P. 4-8 cm., fuscous, mouse grey, bistre, or blackish, slightly fleshy,
campanulate, then expanded, repand when larger, often umbonate,
villous, for the most part floccoso-scaly, sometimes broken up into
dark innate, adpressed, fibrils ; margin inflexed, naked. St. 5-8 cm.
x 8-12 mm., white, or grey, equal, fioccosely fibrillose, apex white
pruinose. Gills white, becoming cinereous, emarginate, subdistant,
6 mm. broad, edge uneven. Flesh whitish grey, thin, soft, fragile,
scissile. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 5-7 x 4-5ja, 1-guttulate.
Taste slightly acid. Edible. Coniferous, and beech woods. Jan. —
Dec. Very common, (v.v.)
var. atrosquamosum Chev. Cke. Illus. no. 85, t. 51.
Ater, black; squama, a scale.
Differs from the type in the small black squamules on the p. and in
the apex of the stem having a few black squamulose points. Woods. Sept.
— Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
645. T. argyraceum (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma scalpturatum Fr. sec.
Quel.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 36, figs. 14-18.
apyvpos, silver.
P. 5-7 cm., whitish, or pale grey, covered with grey scales and fibrils,
disc darker, often speckled with yellow, or bistre, convex, then plane,
224 TRICHOLOMA
subumbonate; margin white. St. 4-7 cm. x 8-12 mm., white,or greyish,
equal, often covered with small, blackish scales. Gills whitish, often
tinged with yellow, sinuato-adnate, crowded. Flesh greyish. Spores white,
pip-shaped, or almond-shaped, 5-6 x 3-5-4/z, with a large central
gutta. Beech, oak, and pine woods. Sept. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
646. T. chrysites (Jungh.) Gillet. ^pvcrLrr)^, like gold.
P. 4-5 cm., brownish black, often stained yellowish, campanulate,
then plane, umbonate, covered with floccose scales ; margin yellowish.
St. 4-5 cm. x 8-12 mm., white, often tinged with yellow, equal, slightly
fibrillose, base reddish. Gills white, stained yellowish, especially at the
edge, sinuato-adnate. Flesh yellowish. Spores white, elliptical,
6-7 x 4 /*. Pine woods, and under pines. Sept. — Oct. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
var.. virescens Wharton. Cke. Illus. no. 1118, t. 641, as Tricholoma
argyraceum Fr . var . virescens Cke . Virescens, becoming green .
Differs from the type in the p., St., and gills becoming greenish.
Woods. Sept.
647. T. orirubens Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. n, t. 1, fig. 2.
Os, mouth; rubens, becoming reddish.
P. 6-8 cm., grey, disc brownish black, fragile, convex, then plane,
smooth and pruinose, then shaggy. St. 5-7 cm. x 8-12 mm., white,
streaked with rose colour, more or less coloured blue, or greenish at the
base, fusiform, fibrillose. Gills white, edge reddish, emarginate, distant,
undulating. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 6/i. Smell of
new meal. Taste unpleasant. Woods. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
648. T. triste (Scop.) Fr. Triste, sad.
P. 3-4 cm., dark grey, minutely scaly fibrillose, slightly fleshy,
conico-campanulate, then convex and umbonate; margin involute,
fibrillose, appendiculate with the white, arachnoid veil. St. 3-5 cm. x 5-
12 mm., white, with a fuscous ring-like mark, the remains of the arach-
noid veil, floccose, then smooth. Gills whitish becoming cinereous,
emarginato-adnexed, narrow, subdistant. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores
white, subglobose, 3-4 x 3/x, with a large central gutta. Under
beeches. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
T. ramentaceum (Bull.) Quel. = Armillaria ramentacea (Bull.) Fr.
649. T. murinaceum (Bull.) Fr. Murinaceum, like mice.
P. 5—10 cm., blackish brown, covered with darker, longitudinal fibres,
and cracked, fleshy, convex, broadly umbonate, or gibbous; margin
dark, incurved, woolly. St. 5-7 x 2-5 cm., concolorous, longitudinally
streaked with blackish fibrils, thickened at the base. Gills white, then
grey, deeply sinuate, very broad, fragile, often undulated and blackish
TRICHOLOMA 225
on the edge, distant. Flesh white, then greyish, thick. Spores white,
elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5/n. Smell strong, unpleasant. Taste unpleasant.
Mixed woods. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
650. T. squarrulosum Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 4.
Squarrulosum, scaly.
P. 4-8 cm., fuscous, densely covered with squarrose, blockish squamules,
fleshy, convex, then expanded, dry; margin fibrillose, exceeding the
gills. St. 4-5 cm. x 5-7 mm., concolorous, equal, or incrassated at
the base, densely covered with blackish, fuscous squamules. Gills grey,
becoming reddish when touched, sinuato-adnexed, almost free, 6-7 mm.
broad, crowded. Flesh greyish, then white. Spores white, pip-shaped,
7-8 x 4-5/u,, with a large central gutta. In pine, and oak woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
651. T. horribile Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 7.
Horribile, terrible.
P. 10-12 cm., fuscous, and densely covered with dark fuscous squa-
mules, that become squarrose with age especially on the disc, the p.
becoming tinged with a pink background at maturity, fleshy, convex,
then expanded; margin thin exceeding the gills. St. 8-9 x 2cm.,
white, smooth, incrassated at the base. Gills whitish, then pinkish,
emarginate, very broad, 2 cm. wide, crowded, edge uneven. Flesh
white, becoming pinkish, everywhere covered with fuscous spots, which
on the interior of the p. suggest that its squamules have been riveted
through the depth of the flesh. Spores white, globose, 5/t. Under
beech trees. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
C. Cuticle of the p. rigid, punctate-granulate, or broken
up into glabrous squamules when dry.
(a) Gills white, or pallid, not spotted.
652. T. macrorhizum (Lasch) Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 3, fig. 1, as Tricho-
loma macrocephalum Schulz. pa/epos, long; pi£a, root.
P. 20-30 cm., ochraceous, then darker, fleshy, compact, convex, then
plane, depressed at the disc, at first smooth, then broken up in a
tesselated manner. St. 10—15 x 5-6 cm., whitish, ochraceous downwards,
very minutely granular, ventricose, prolonged into a thick, blunt, white
root, deeply sunk in the soil. Gills pallid, deeply emarginate, almost
free, attenuated in front, scarcely crowded, 12-18 mm. broad. Flesh
white, firm, becoming light yellow when broken. Spores white, "irregu-
larly globose, Qfj, " Massee. Smell very unpleasant, corpse-like Taste
unpleasant. Under oaks in pastures. Sept. — Nov. Rare.
653. T.compactumFr. Fr. Icon. t. 35, upper figs. Compactum, compact.
P. 7-15 cm., cinereous-livid, fleshy, convex, then plane, smooth,
dry, glabrous. St. 3-5 x 3 cm., white, attenuated upwards, smooth,
15
226 TRICHOLOMA
polished. Gills yellow, rounded, subdistant. Flesh white, spongy,
compact, softer in the stem. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-7 p,, guttu-
late " Quel. Woods. Rare.
654. T. cartilagineum Fr. non Bull. Fr. Icon. t. 33.
Cartilagineum, cartilaginous.
P. 5-7-5 cm., blackish, becoming black-dotted from the cuticle breaking
up into minute granules, fleshy, rigid, convex then expanded, gibbous,
undulated ; margin persistently incurved, pubescent at first. St. 2-5-5
x 2-5 cm., shining white, firm but fragile, equal, polished. Gills white,
then pale grey, emarginato-sinuate, crowded, moderately thin, 4 mm.
broad. Flesh white, not compact, somewhat fragile. Spores white,
elliptical, 5-6 x 4/n, with a large central gutta. Grassy places in woods,
pastures, and under pines. Aug. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
655. T. tenuiceps Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1121, t. 1166.
Tennis, thin; caput, head.
P. 5-8 CTO.., fuliginous, fleshy at the disc, convex, obtuse, or some-
times slightly gibbous, dry, granular. St. 7-5 x 2-5 cm., ochraceous
white, tough, slightly attenuated upwards, minutely granular, base
abrupt, furnished with long, spreading, cord-like mycelium. Gills white,
adnexed, rounded behind, attenuated in front, 4 mm. broad, ventri-
cose. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores white, globose, 6-7 /x,.
Amongst grass under trees. July. Uncommon.
T. loricatum Fr. = Clitocybe cartilaginea (Bull.) Bres.
656. T. atrocinereum (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 31, lower figs.
Ater, black; cinereum, ash-coloured.
P. 3-4 cm., cinereous, disc prominent, darker, fleshy, convexo-plane,
smooth, dry, becoming rimosely incised and revolute at the margin.
St. 5-7-5 cm. x 8 mm., whitish, equal, slightly striate with longitudi-
nally adpressed fibrils, apex naked. Gills hyaline white, free, or decur-
rent with a tooth, or arcuato-adnexed, somewhat ventricose, thin,
crowded. Flesh hyaline when moist, hygrophanous, fragile. Spores
white, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /u,, minutely punctate. Smell of new meal.
Grassy ground, and coniferous woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
657. T. cuneifolium Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 91, t. 52, fig. B.
Cuneus, a wedge ; folium, a leaf.
P. 1-2-5 cm., fuscous, or livid, then grey, slightly fleshy, convex,
then plane, obtuse, at length depressed, pruinose. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-
6 mm., pallid, attenuated downwards, rarely equal, hollow, somewhat
fibrillose, becoming smooth. Gills white, then greyish, ovate-wedge-
shaped, very much attenuated behind, very broad in front, deeply
sinuato-adnate, crowded, fragile, often connected by veins. Flesh
TRICHOLOMA 227
white, or greyish, very thin. Spores white, subglobose, 5-6 x 5/u,,
minutely punctate, 1-guttulate. Smell of new meal. Taste pleasant.
Edible. Pastures, lawns, and heaths. Aug. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
var. griseo-rimosum (Batsch) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 92, t. 261, as var.
cinereo-rimosum Batsch. Griseus, grey; rimosum, full of cracks.
Differs from the type in its larger size, and the concentrically rimose
p. Generally abundant with the type, (v.v.)
658. T. amplum (Pers.) Rea. (=Clitocybeampla(Peis.)FT.,Tricholoma
molybdinum (Bull.) Quel., Tricholoma centurio Kalchbr. sec.
Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 53, as Clitocybe ampla Pers. Amplum, large.
P. 10-20 cm., dark bistre, disc reddish, becoming greyish, fleshy,
campanulate, then expanded, gibbous, minutely streaked with fibrils.
St. 9-14 x 1-5-2 cm., white, equal, thickened at the base, firm,
fibrillosely striate, apex mealy. Gills greyish, or yellowish, sinuato-
adnate, 10-12 mm. broad, subdistant, margin often toothed. Flesh
white, compact. Spores white, pip-shaped, 9 x 6/>t, 1-guttulate.
Caespitose. Woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
(b) Gills becoming reddish, or cinereous, or spotted.
659. T. saponaeeum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 88. t. 91. Sapo, soap.
P. 5-10 cm., fuscous livid, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse,
smooth, becoming cracked, and broken up into scales in dry weather,
somewhat soapy when moist, margin thin, inflexed. St. 5-10 x 1-5-
2 cm., pallid, often becoming reddish, often unequal, curved, base
attenuated, often rooting. Gills white with a glaucous tinge, becoming
spotted with red, uncinato-emarginate, distant, thin. Flesh white,
often becoming reddish, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/ti,
1-guttulate. Smell soapy. Deciduous, and pine woods. Aug. — Nov.
Very common, (v.v.)
var. squamosum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 89, t. 216, as var. "stipite
squamuloso." Squamosum, scaly.
Differs from the type in the st. being covered with darkish scales.
Woods, (v.v.)
var. sulphurinum Quel. Sulphurinum, sulphur coloured.
Differs from the type in the canary yellow p. and the pale yellow st.
and gills. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. atrovirens (Pers.) Quel. Ater, black; virens, becoming green.
Differs from the type in the dark green p. covered with black squa-
mules. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
T. crassifolium Berk. = Collybia crassifolia (Berk.) Bres.
15—2
228 TRICHOLOMA
660. T. sudum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 34, lower figs. Sudum, dry.
P. 6-9 cm., greyish rufous, or brownish, fleshy, convexo-plane, then
reflexed, obtuse, often rimosely squamulose; margin paler. St. 6—
8 x 1-5 cm., whitish, tinged with reddish, slightly attenuated upwards,
punctate with minute squamules, fibrillosely striate, apex dilated, base
white floccose. Gills whitish, becoming reddish at the edge, deeply
emarginate with a decurrent tooth, crowded. Flesh white, firm. Spores
white, elliptical, 6 x 4/x, punctate. Grassy places in woods. Sept. —
Oct. Eare.
661. T. tumidum (Pers.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 39, figs. 1-5.
Tumidum, swollen.
P. 7-5-9 cm., cinereous-livid, disc darker, variegated with tiger-like
spots, subcartilaginous, irregularly shaped, bullate, then undulated
when expanded, at length rimosely incised, shining when dry; margin
tlnn,lobed. St. 7-5 x 1-5-2 cm., shining white, equal, sometimes swollen,
stout, striate, often attenuated and rooting at the base. Gills shining
white, then cinereous rufescent, emarginate, 12 mm. broad, thicker at
the base, subdistant. Flesh white, often tinged reddish in the St., firm,
rigid. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/A, granular. Smell slight,
pleasant. Moist pine woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon.
var. Keithii Phill. & Plowr. Rev. Dr J. Keith.
Differs from the type in the cinereo-rufescent p., the dirty white st.,
with brownish innate fibrils, becoming tinged with red especially near the
base, and in often having a strong smell of new meal. Pine woods. Oct.
662. T. hordum Fr. Hordum, pregnant.
P. 8 cm., grey, disc darker, soon cracking, and covered with minute,
squarrose scales, slightly fleshy, campanulato-expanded, then plane,
subumbonate, revolute, dry. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, or greyish,
equal, striate. Gills white, becoming cinereous, emarginate, broad,
subdistant. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, "subglobose, 10/x, with a
large central gutta" Quel., "elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /u" Kick. Taste
mild. Beech woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
663. T. virgatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 34, upper figs. Virgatum, striped.
P. 5-10 cm., grey-cinereous, umbo often darker, fleshy, rigid, convex,
then flattened, subumbonate, very dry, streaked with fine black innate
fibrils, or black squamules', margin straight, naked. St. 7-5-10 x 1-
1-5 cm., whitish, or greyish, firm, equal, or tuberous at the very base,
striate, sometimes squamulose. Gills white, then greyish, becoming
hoary, broadly emarginate, 6-10 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh greyish
white, becoming white in the st., thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical,
6—7 x 4— 5/z, punctate. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate, 45 x 10-
!3fjL, filled with darkish juice " Rick. Taste very bitter when young,
then mild. Mixed, and pine woods. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
TBICHOLOMA 229
664. T. elytroides (Scop.) Fr. eXvrpov, a cover; e'Sos, like.
P. 6-9 cm., mouse grey, or brownish black, slightly fleshy, convex,
then plane, obtuse, fragile, very dry, rough with crowded, erect minute
granules, disc floccosely scaly, becoming hoary when old. St. 7-
8x 1-1 -5 cm., white, becoming cinereous, attenuated downwards,
covered with erect, light grey fibrils. Gills cinereous, then pruinose,
deeply emarginate, very broad, somewhat thick, fragile, veined at
the base. Flesh white, sometimes becoming reddish, thick at the disc.
Spores white, 6-7 x 4-5 /z, or "5-6 x 3-5-4 p. " Sacc. Smell weak, of
new meal. Grassy places. Oct. Rare.
665. T. opicum Fr. Opicum, clownish.
P. 2-5-3-5 cm., grey, or brownish grey, disc blackish, slightly fleshy,
convex, then expanded, obtusely, or conically umbonate, at length
split, revolute, very dry, smooth, then minutely squamulose; margin
often white, or whitish. St. 4—7-5 x -5 cm., pallid, becoming cinereous,
somewhat shining, equal, fibrillose, becoming smooth. Gills white, or
slightly greyish, becoming hoary, broadly emarginate, ventricose, some-
what thick, scarcely distant. Flesh greyish, very thin at the margin.
Pine woods. Sept. — Nov. Rare.
D. P. at first slightly silky, soon becoming smooth, very dry.
(a) Gills broad, rather thick, subdistant.
666. T. sulphureum (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 96, t. 62.
Sulphureum, sulphur coloured.
P. 4-8 cm., sulphur yellow, disc dingy, or rufescent, fleshy, globose,
then convexo-plane, subumbonate, at length depressed, unequal, silky,
becoming smooth. St. 5-11 x 1 cm., concolorous, equal, often curved,
striate. Gills sulphur yellow, adfixed, narrowed behind, arcuato-
emarginate, rather thick, distant. Flesh yellow. Spores white, ellip-
tical, 9-10 x 4— 5/x. Smell pleasant, of gas tar. Oak, and mixed
woods. Sept. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
667. T. bufonium (Pers.) Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 39, fig. 1. Bufo, a toad.
P. 3-7 cm., umber, fuscous tan, or tawny, disc rufescent, fleshy, con-
vexo-plane, subumbonate, silky, becoming smooth, rugulose. St. 4-
5 cm. x 8-14 mm., yellow, or tinged with red, equal, or attenuated
at the base, fiocculose. Gills yellow tan, pallid, arcuato-subdecurrent,
subdistant, margin often irregular. Flesh yellow. Spores white,
elliptical, 7-8 x 5/x. Smell weak, of gas tar. Pine woods, and pastures.
Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
668. T. lascivum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 38, upper figs. Lascivum, wanton.
P. 5-9 cm., pallid tan, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then plane,
obtuse, at length somewhat depressed, delicately silky, then smooth,
230 TBICHOLOMA
dry; margin at first involute. St. 7-5-11 x 1 cm., whitish, becoming
discoloured, rigid, equal, fibrillose, apex white pruinose; base tomentose,
white. Gills whitish, arcuato-adnexed, at length arcuato-decurrent,
thin, crowded, broad. Flesh white, compact. Spores white, elliptical,
6—7 x 4— 5/Lt. Smell very pleasant, like that of the flowers of Syringa
vulgaris according to Quelet. Deciduous woods. Sept. — Nov. Un-
common, (v.v.)
var. robustum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 99, t. 217. Robustus, strong.
Differs from the type in being more robust, in the p. being almost
white, and in there being scarcely any perceptible odour. Pastures. May.
669. T. inamoenum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 38, lower figs.
Inamoenum, unpleasant.
P. 3-6 cm., dingy white, fleshy, convex, then flattened, subumbonate,
very dry, slightly silky, then smooth, or cracked. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 6-
12 mm., white, firm, equal, pruinose, villous. Gills shining white,
emarginate with a decurrent tooth, or adnato-decurrent, plane, rather
thick, very broad, very distant. Flesh white, firm, thick at the disc.
Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 6-7 /n, with a large central gutta.
Cystidia "clavate, with a prominent point, 33-40 x 9-12/i" Eick.
Smell "pleasant, like honeysuckle " Quelet. Fir woods. Sept. — Nov.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. insigne Massee. Insignis, striking.
Differs from the type in the decurrent gills.
670. T. interveniens Karst. Interveniens, intermediate.
P. 8 cm., tan, becoming pale, fleshy, convexo-plane, then depressed,
silky, then smooth, somewhat shining; margin involute, distantly
rugulose. St. 11 x 1 cm., pallid, equal, fibrillose, apex pruinose, base
tomentose, rooting. Gills becoming pale, arcuato-adnexed, crowded.
Flesh watery. Spores white, oblong, attenuated at both ends, 6-7 x 2-
2-5/z. Smell almost none. Mixed woods. Sept. Rare.
(6) Gills thin, crowded, narrow. Small, inodorous.
671. T. cerinum (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 39, upper figs.
Cerinum, wax coloured.
P. 3-5 cm., dingy wax colour, or becoming fuscous, fleshy, convex,
then flattened, obtuse, at length depressed, very opaque, very dry,
silky, then smooth; margin often paler. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-8 mm., light
yellow, often fuscous at the base, equal, fibrillosely striate. Gills dark
yellow, or wax colour, sinuato-adnexed, separating, horizontal, plane,
very thin, very crowded, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white, thin, firm. Spores
white, "2-3x2-3/i" Rick. Taste becoming bitter. Fir woods.
July— Oct. Rare.
TRICHOLOMA 231
672. T. fallax Peck. Fallax, deceptive.
P. 2-5 cm., yellow, disc sometimes rufous, thin, convex, then ex-
panded, rarely depressed at the centre, moist, smooth. St. 2-5 cm.
x 3 mm., pale yellow, base sometimes narrowed. Gills white, then
yellowish, adnexed, rounded behind, crowded. Flesh thin. Spores
white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/i. Under firs. Sept. Rare.
673. T. onychinum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 39, lower figs.
Onychinum, yellowish marble colour. ,
P. 4-6 cm., dingy purple, or reddish bay, fleshy, convexo-plane and
umbonate, then expanded and obtuse, very dry, opaque; margin
paler, somewhat silky, narrowly incurved, striate. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-
8 mm., pallid, or yellow, apex becoming purple, then lilac, delicately
fibrillosely silky, equal. Grills dark yellow, adnexed, then free, plane,
horizontal, rounded behind, rather crowded, 2—4 mm. broad, unequal.
Flesh white, becoming yellow, thin, firm. Spores white, ovoid, 4-5/u,
punctate. Smell and taste pleasant. Under pines, and in fir woods.
Sept.— Oct. Rare.
674. T. ionides (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 24. iov, violet; eZSo?, like.
P. 3-6 cm., deep violet, becoming paler, fleshy, campanulato-convex,
then plane, often umbonate, becoming smooth; margin incurved,
pruinose. St. 3-6 cm. x 7-12 mm., paler violet, elastic, attenuated
downwards, or thickened at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills white,
becoming yellowish, emarginate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin,
6 mm. broad, edge uneven. Flesh white, tinted violet in the p., and at
the base of the st. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3/x, 1-2-guttulate.
Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Moist woods, especially beech,
and open pastures. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. pravum (Lasch) Fr. Pravum, deformed.
Differs from the type in being smaller, thinner, and more fragile, and in
its fuscous-reddish, fuscous-purple, lilac-reddish, or livid colour. Stoves.
July.
675. T. persicolor Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 25. Persicum, peach ; color, colour.
P. 1-2 cm., ochraceous reddish yellow, convex, then flattened, slightly
umbonate, hygrophanous, smooth. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-6 mm., con-
colorous, equal, smooth. Gills whitish, tinged slightly with the colour of
the p., sinuate, narrow, not crowded. Flesh concolorous. Spores white,
elliptical, 4-5 x 3-3-5 /x. Pastures. Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
676. T. carneum (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma carneolum Fr. sec. Quel.)
Fr. Icon. t. 40, fig. 2, as Tricholoma paeonium.
Carneum, flesh coloured.
P. 2-3 cm., red, then flesh colour, becoming pale, and shining, thin,
slightly fleshy, hemispherical, then convex and regular, obtuse, at
232 TRICHOLOMA
length flattened and obtuse, often umbonate, smooth, dry. St.
2-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., flesh colour, becoming pale, attenuated downwards,
tough, almost cartilaginous, rigid, apex somewhat pruinose. Gills
shining white, rounded, somewhat free, horizontal, very crowded, wider
at the base, 2-3 mm. broad. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, ellip-
tical, 5-6 x 2-3jLt. Pastures, heaths, and downs. July — Oct. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
T. carneolum Fr. = Tricholoma carneum (Bull.) Fr.
677. T. caelatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 37, lower figs. Caelatum, engraved.
P. 2-5-3 cm., fuscous, becoming pale grey when dry, slightly fleshy,
convex, umbilicate, smooth, becoming flocculose and rimosely cracked.
St. 2-5-3-5 cm. x 3-5 mm., concolorous, tough, elastic, equal, or
slightly thickened at the pruinose apex. Gills dingy whitish, or grey,
sinuato-adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, slightly arcuate,
crowded. Flesh subfuscous, thin. Spores dingy white, elliptical,
8 x 4/i. Cystidia "subulate, 40-60 x 5-6 p, filled with olive yellow
juice " Rick. Woods, and downs. Uncommon, (v.v.)
E. P. fleshy, soft, fragile, spotted, or rivulose. Vernal,
(a) GUIs whitish.
678. T. gambosum Fr. (= Tricholoma Georgii (L'Ecluse) Quel.)
Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 41, figs. 1-7. Gamba, a hoof.
P. 7-5-11 cm., ochraceous, or pale tan, fleshy, hemispherico-convex,
then flattened, obtuse, undulated, repand, even, smooth, spotted as
with drops, at length widely cracked; margin at first involute, tomentose.
St. 5-10 x 1-3 cm., white, or ochraceous, firm, almost equal, often
curved-ascending at the base; apex white, villous, striate from the
decurrent tooth of the gills. Gills whitish, rounded, or emarginato-
adnexed, with a subdecurrent tooth, sinuato-decurrent when old,
ventricose, 4-6 mm. wide, crowded. Flesh white, thick, soft, fragile.
Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/u,, 2-guttulate. Smell and taste
strong, of new meal. Edible. Pastures, often forming large rings.
April — June. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
679. T. Georgii (Clus.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 41, figs. 8-11.
Georgius, Saint George.
P. 4-6 cm., ochraceous, then white, fleshy, convexo-plane, then
somewhat repand, often gibbous, dry, slightly floccose; margin naked.
St. 4-6 x 1-5-2 cm., whitish, or tinged yellowish, attenuated down-
wards, fibrillose. Gills whitish, attenuato-adnexed, narrow, crowded.
Flesh white, firm, thick. Spores white, elliptical, 5—6 x 3/j,. Taste
and smell weak, of new meal. Edible. Woods, and open downs.
April — June. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
TRICHOLOMA 233
680. T. albellum Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 41, figs. 12-17.
Albellum, whitish.
P. 6-7 cm., yellowish, then whitish, becoming greyish when dry,
fleshy, conical, then convex, gibbous when expanded, moist, spotted as
with scales; margin thin, naked. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous,
fibrillosety striate, often incrassated at the base. Gills white, then
cream colour, attenuato-adnexed, broad in front, very crowded. Flesh
white, thick at the disc, soft, floccose. Spores white, elliptical, 5-
6 x 3/ji, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste weak, of new meal. Edible.
Woods, and under yews. April — June. Uncommon, (v.v.)
681. T. boreale Fr. (= Tricholoma irinum (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 41,
upper figs. Boreale, northern.
P. 5—7-5 cm., flesh colour, then whitish tan, fleshy, very variable in
shape, convex, umbonate, unequal, often flexuose, smooth, cracked
wlien dry, margin thin, involute, naked. St. 5-7-5 x 1 cm., paler than
the p., attenuated downwards, often twisted and incurved, apex obso-
letely pruinose. Gills whitish, emarginate with a decurrent tooth, thin,
crowded. Flesh white, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4— 5/n.
Smell of new meal. Grassy places in woods. June — July. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
(b) Gills discoloured, rufescent, or smoky.
682. T. amethystinum (Scop.) Fr. non Quel.
Amethystinum, amethyst colour.
P. 3-5 cm., livid, spotted with azure blue, fleshy, convexo-plane,
obtuse, repand, smooth, even, moist; margin paler, wrinkled. St.
3—5 x 1—1-5 cm., paler than the p., attenuated at the base. Gills white,
then rufescent, subadnate, crowded. Spores white, "ovoid, 7/u, long "
Sacc. Pine woods. Sept. Rare.
T. tigrinum Fr. Icon, non Schaeff. = Hygrophorus camarophyllus
(A. & S.) Fr.
683. T. pes-caprae Fr. (= Clitocybe conglobata (Vitt.) Bres.)
Pes, foot; capra, she-goat.
P. 5-10 cm., grey, becoming fuscous, variegated, fleshy, conical, then
expanded, umbonate, unequal, rimosely incised; margin thin, naked.
St. 6-7 x 1 cm., white, equal or attenuated downwards, naked. Gills
white, becoming cinereous, emarginate, very broad, 12-15 mm., at length
distant. Flesh thick at the disc. Spores white, " 6 x 4 " Sacc. Smell
of new meal. Edible. Open places under oaks. Oct. — Nov. Kare.
var. multiforme (SchaefE.) Cke. Schaeff. Icon. t. 14.
Multiforme, many shaped.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, and in the irregular thinner
p. Lawns. Nov. Rare.
234 TBICHOLOMA
F. P. compact, then spongy, obtuse, even, smooth, moist,
but not hygrophanous.
(a) Gills not discoloured.
684. T. Schumacher! Fr. Christian Friedrich Schumacher.
P. 5-8 cm., cinereous livid, disc darker, becoming paler and whitish,
fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, regular, smooth, moist; margin
exceeding the gills, inflexed. St. 7-10 cm. x 10-12 mm., white, equal,
villous and sometimes ventricoso-bulbous at the base, slightly striate,
fibrous. Gills white, or cream colour, emarginate, very crowded, plane,
6-8 mm. broad. Flesh white, pinkish when broken, spongy, compact.
Spores "elliptical, 9 x 6-7 /A, minutely punctate, glaucous" Quel.
Taste mild. Woods, hot-houses. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
685. T. amicum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 36, upper figs. Amicum, friendly.
P. 5-9 cm., fuscous, disc sometimes darker, not becoming paler when
dry, fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, very regular, smooth.
St. 7-9 x 1-5 cm., white, attenuated upwards from the subbulbous
base, fibrillosely striate, elastic. Gills shining white, deeply emarginate,
almost free, distant, 6-8 mm. broad. Flesh white, brownish under the
cuticle, thick at the disc, rather soft. Spores "elliptical, 6 x 4/*"
Massee. Pine woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
686. T. circumtectum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1125, t. 1182.
Circumtectum, covered round.
P. 5-8 cm., olive, or dusky, disc tawny, fleshy, convex, very obtusely
umbonate, or only obtuse, rarely becoming slightly depressed, crack-
ing slightly when old; margin incurved, tomentose, wavy. St. 3-
4 x 1-2 cm., whitish, firm, obclavate, or sometimes attenuated down-
wards, striate. Gills white, slightly sinuate, adnexed, 3—4 mm. broad,
scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores white, subglobose,
4-5 /u,. Taste pleasant. Bare ground under trees. Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
687. T. patulum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 37, upper figs. Patulum, spread out.
P. 4-12 cm., pallid cinereous, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse,
often repand, smooth. St. 4-6 x 1-3 cm., white, firm, equal, some-
what elastic, smooth. Gills whitish, emarginate, almost free, crowded,
fairly narrow, 4 mm. broad, plane, somewhat veined at the sides.
Flesh white, thin, not compact. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/Lt.
Woods and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
688. T. oreinum Fr. opeivos, hilly.
P. 3-9 cm., fuscous livid, fuliginous grey, or light bistre, becoming
darker, convex, slightly gibbous, then globose, and plane; margin at
first incurved, prolonged into a narrow membrane along the edge of the
gill. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-12 mm., white, rigid, fibrillosely striate, apex
floccosely mealy, base bulbous. Gills white, rounded, then free, crowded,
TBICHOLOMA 235
thin, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh white, bistre under the cuticle. Spores
white, elliptical, 7-9 x 5-6 JJL, minutely punctate. Cystidia lanceolate
subulate, 25-30 x 4-6 /z, apex shaggy, 3/j, in diam. Taste pleasant.
Edible. Heaths, and downs. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
689. T. album (SchaefE.) Fr. Album, white.
Entirely white, or becoming yellowish at the disc. P. 5-12 cm., fleshy,
convex, then flattened, becoming plane, obtuse, very dry, smooth;
margin at first incurved, floccosely striate over the base of the gills. St.
7-8 x 1-1-5 cm., elastic, attenuated upwards, subbulbous, apex
slightly mealy. Gills emarginate, somewhat crowded, 8 mm. broad.
Flesh white, thick, not compact, fibrous in the stem. Spores white,
broadly elliptical, 6 x 4-5 /*, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, taste bitter.
Poisonous. Mixed woods. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. caesariatum Fr. Caesariatum, covered with hair.
Differs from the type in being more slender, and in the silky fibrillose
p. Shady beech woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
690. T. leucocephalum Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 33, figs. 8-13.
Xeu/co?, white; ice$a\ri, head.
P. 3-6 cm., white, disc sometimes becoming ochraceous, fleshy, thin,
tough, convexo-plane, obtuse, or often umbonate, moist, smooth,
when young covered with shining whitish, adpressed silky, at length
separating villous down; margin acute, spreading, smooth. St. 4-
6 cm. x 5-10 mm., white, subcartilaginous, polished, twisted, smooth,
rooting at the attenuated base. Gills shining white, rounded-free,
crowded, thin. Flesh watery, becoming whitish, thin, compact. Spores
white, ovoid, 6-7 x 4-6/z, minutely echinulate, 1-guttulate. Smell
pleasant, of new meal. Deciduous woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
(b) GiUs discoloured.
691. T. acerbum (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma nictitans Fr. sec. Quel.)
Barla, Champ, t. 44, figs. 1-5. Acerbum, bitter.
P. 7-12 cm., yellowish buff, becoming rufous at the disc, fleshy, con-
vexo-expanded, smooth, moist; margin involute, viscid, tomentosely
ribbed over the base of the gills. St. 5-9 x 2-3 cm., white, becoming
yellowish, apex white, mealy, base generally bulbous, sometimes
attenuated. Gills pallid, then rufescent, emarginate, crowded. Flesh
white, compact, firm. Spores white, globose, 3-Afj,. Smell unpleasant,
taste bitter. Edible. Woods and downs. Aug. — Oct. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
692. T. luteocitrinum Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 8.
Luteus, yellow; citrinus, citron.
P. 2-7 cm., bright yellow, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded and
gibbous, floccose, soon breaking up into adpressed, small squamules,
236 TRICHOLOMA
which become revolute and fibrillose with age ; margin citron yellow,
involute. St. 6-7 x 1-2 cm., whitish, spotted with yellow, attenuated
downwards. Gills whitish, becoming yellowish, sinuato-adnate, 4-5 mm.
broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh whitish, citron yellow under the epi-
dermis of the p., and dark yellow at the base of the stem. Spores white,
elliptical, 6 x 4/x, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Under larches. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
693. T. militate (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 112, t. 169.
Militare, soldier-like.
P. 10-17 cm., reddish cinnamon, fleshy, gibbous, then plane, or
depressed, compact, flexuous, rather smooth, viscid ; margin involute,
white, floccose. St. 7-12 x 2-2-5 cm., pallid, becoming stained with
red, fibrillosely striate, base subbulbous. Gills whitish, or reddish,
then livid-spotted, emarginate, somewhat crowded, torn, margin eroded.
Flesh white, brownish, under the cuticle of the p. and in the centre of the
stem, thick, compact, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/A, 1-guttu-
late. Smell very strong, taste unpleasant. Woods. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
694. T. civile Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 42, upper figs. Civile, citizen-like.
P. 6—9 cm., tawny yellow, becoming paler, disc darker, fleshy, fragile,
convexo-plane, obtuse, very smooth, moist, pellicle separable. St. 5-
8 x 2—3 cm., whitish, fragile, attenuated upwards from the thickened
base, fibrillose, or squamulose. Gills whitish, becoming yellowish, deeply
emarginate, almost free, crowded, 6 mm. broad, very soft. Flesh
whitish, soft, fragile, spongy. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped,
5-6 x 3fji. Smell none, or like hay according to Barla. Taste sweet,
then astringent, and bitter. Woods. Oct. — Nov. Rare.
695. T. irinum Fr. (= Tricholoma boreale Fr. sec. Quel.) Trans. Brit.
Myc. Soc. rv, t. 8. ipivov, belonging to the Iris.
P. 5-12 cm., pale flesh colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse,
moist, glabrous, sometimes obscurely virgate ; margin white, incurved,
pruinose. St. 6-12 x 2-3 cm., paler than the p., subbulbous, striate,
apex whitish, pruinose. Gills pale ochre, becoming somewhat lurid with
age, sinuato-adnate, narrow, 5-6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh tinted
pale pink, then white, firm, thick, compact. Spores dirty pink, or
yellowish in the mass, hyaline, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 7-9 x 4-5/i,
1-guttulate. Smell very pleasant, like Iris, or Viola, according to
Quelet. Taste mild. Edible. Pastures, and orchards. Sept.— Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
696. T. personatum Fr. (= Tricholoma amethystinum Quel. non Fr.)
Cke. Illus. no. 113, t. 66. Personatum, masked.
P. 6-15 cm., tan colour, fuscous, or whitish, very fleshy, thick, hemi-
spherical, then convex and flattened, very obtuse, regular, at length
TRICHOLOMA 237
also repand, smooth, moist in rainy weather, opaque when dry;
margin white, involute at first, exceeding the gills, pruinose. St.
5-9 x 2-3 cm., whitish, covered with evanescent, Hue fibrils, equal,
base often bulbous, firm, sometimes very short. Gills whitish, becoming
discoloured, rounded, then free, broad, 10-15 mm., crowded. Flesh
greyish when moist, white when dry, compact, then spongy-soft, thick.
Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 5/z, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant.
Edible. Forming large rings in pastures. Sept. — Dec. Common.
(v.v.)
697. T. saevum Gillet. Saevum, wild.
P. 6-9 cm., pale tawny, or tan colour, sometimes tinted with violet,
compact, fleshy, convex; margin incurved, exceeding the gills. St.
3-5 x 1-5-2 cm., lilac, or violaceous, apex paler, base white, slightly
squamulose, equal. Gills dirty white, or yellowish white, emarginate,
narrow, crowded. Flesh whitish, or slightly tinted with violet, thick,
spongy. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 5ju,. Woods, and pastures.
Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
698. T. glaucocanum Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 2.
yKavKos, bluish grey; canum, hoary.
P. 6-9 cm., bluish grey, becoming hoary, fleshy, somewhat soft, con-
vex, then expanded, smooth, moist; margin involute, floccosely
pruinose. St. 4-5 x 1-5-2 cm., concolorous, becoming paler, base bulb-
ous, fibrillosely-striate, apex subsquamulose. Gills greyish violet, be-
coming hoary, emarginate, easily separating from the hymenophore, very
crowded. Flesh pale bluish grey, soft, thick. Spores white, elliptical,
6-7 x 3/x, 1-guttulate. Smell strong of new meal. Taste pleasant.
Edible. Coniferous, and beech woods on calcareous soil. Sept. — Nov.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
699. T. nudum (Bull.) Fr. Berk. Outl. t. 4, fig. 7. Nudum, naked.
P. 7-10 cm., entirely purple violaceous, or with the disc brownish, or
tawny, becoming paler, fleshy, convexo-plane, then depressed, obtuse,
even, moist; margin inflexed, thin, naked. St. 5-9 x 2 cm., violaceous,
becoming pale, elastic, equal, apex mealy. Gills concolorous, becoming
pale, rounded, then decurrent, crowded, narrow. Flesh tinged with
violet, becoming whitish when dry, thick at the disc. Spores white,
elliptical, 7 x 3-4/A, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible.
Coniferous, and deciduous woods, rarely in pastures. Sept. — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
.
var. inajus Cke. Majus, larger.
Differs from the type in being larger, and more robust. Woods.
Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
238 TRICHOLOMA
var. lilaceum Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 3, fig. 1, as Tricholoma
sordidus Fr. Lilaceum, lilac colour.
Differs from the type in its small size, and the blue violaceous colour
of all its parts. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3ft, 1-guttulate. Woods,
and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
700. T. cinerascens (Bull, non Fr.) Quel. (= Clitocybe fumosa Fr. sec.
Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 29. Cinerascens, becoming ash-colour.
P. 4-10 cm., fuliginous fuscous, or livid, becoming grey when dry,
fleshy, firm, convex, then plane, gibbous, sometimes slightly umbonate,
either circinate and regular, or flexuose and undulated, smooth, some-
what hygrophanous. St. 5-10 cm. x 8-16 mm., whitish, often stained
with brown towards the base, cylindrical, or attenuated at the base,
fibrillose, apex pruinose, often connate at the base, or branched. Gills
greyish white, paler than the p., adnate, or emarginate, crowded. Flesh
greyish, white when dry, thick at the disc, firm. Spores white, globose,
5-6/u-, punctate. Taste becoming bitter. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
701. T. panaeolum Fr. (= Tricholoma nimbatum (Batsch) Quel.) Fr.
Icon. t. 36, lower figs. iravalo\o<;, variegated.
P. 5—10 cm., cinereous-fuliginous, becoming paler, pruinosely hoary,
and spotted, fleshy, convex, then plane, or here and there depressed,
obtuse, often repand and excentric; margin thin, involute, mealy.
St. 3-7-5 x 1-2 cm., whitish-grey, fragile, equal, or attenuated at the
base, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, then grey, or dingy rufescent,
emarginate, or rounded, at length decurrent, very crowded, plane,
4 mm. broad. Flesh greyish, becoming whitish, with a horn colour line
at the base of the gills, thick at the disc, soft. Spores dirty pink in the
mass, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/i. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Form-
ing large rings in pastures. Oct. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. caespitosum Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 153.
Caespitosum, caespitose.
Differs from the type in its caespitose habit, the mealy apex ofthest.,
and the narrower gills. Hilly pastures, and heaths. Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
var. calceolum (Sterb.) Fr. Calceolus, a small shoe.
Differs from the type in the deformed p., the naked, incised margin,
the excentric, short, fusiform st. and the fuliginous gills. Under hazels.
Oct. Rare.
702. T. cnista Fr. (? = Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. sec.
Dumee.) Kvlcra, smell of burnt sacrifice.
P. 5—8 cm., pale tan, or whitish, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then
plane, obtuse, smooth, moist; margin incurved naked. St. 3-5 cm.
x 8-10 mm., white, tough, equal, smooth. Gills white, pallid yellow
TRICHOLOMA 239
when bruised, adnexed, rounded behind, inclined to separate from
the p., transversely veined, crisped when dry. Flesh white, rather thick,
soft. Spores white, elliptical, 7-10 x 4/x,, "roughish" Eick. Smell
of cooked flesh. Amongst grass in open places. Sept.— Oct. Rare.
703. T. duracinum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1126, t. 640.
Durus, hard; acinum, berry.
P. 5-7-5 cm., cinereous, fleshy, firm, convex, broadly umbonate,
dry, smooth, shining; margin involute. St. 5-7-5 x 2-5-3 cm., paler
than the p., or greyish white, attenuated upwards, striate below, apex
reticulately squamose. Gills cinereous, emarginate, arcuate, narrow,
2-3 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh nearly white, thick, firm. Under
cedars. Oct. Rare.
G. P. thin, subumbonate, hygrophanous (Melanoleuca Pat.),
(a) Gills whitish, unspotted.
704. T. grammopodium (Bull.) Fr. (=Tricholomamelaleucum (Pers.) Fr.
sec.Dumee.) Cke.Illus.no. 118, t. 98. 7pa/i/z.»7,aline; 7rou9,foot.
P. 7-15 cm., pallid-livid, or fuscous rufous, whitish when dry, fleshy,
campanulate, then convex, at length flattened, obtusely umbonate,
smooth, moist pellicle separable. St. 7-10 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, longi-
tudinally striate with bistre, or brownish fibrils, elastic, equal, base
thickened, firm. Gills whitish, becoming brownish, arcuato-adnate, or
broadly, horizontally emarginate, often acute at both ends, very
crowded, very many shorter gills, often branched behind. Flesh bistre
when moist, becoming white when dry, thick at the disc, spongy. Spores
white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-6/4, punctate. Smell mouldy. Edible.
Forming large rings in pastures and orchards, and solitary, on leaf
mould, in deciduous woods. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
705. T. melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. (= Tricholoma arcuatum Fr. sec.
Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 44, upper figs. ^eXa<?, black; \evfcov, white.
P. 4-10 cm., dark fuliginous when moist, then livid fuscous, paler
when dry, umbo blackish, fleshy, convex, then flattened, umbonate,
smooth, moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., whitish with darker striae,
base fuscous, elastic, thickened at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills
white, emarginato-adnexed, horizontal, straight, broad, more or less
ventricose, crowded. Flesh white, becoming fuliginous, soft. Spores
white, elliptical, 8 x 5/n, warted, apiculate at the base. Cystidia on
edge of gill lanceolate subulate, 50-60 x 10-15/u,, shaggy at the apex.
Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Sept. — Nov. Common.
(v.v.)
var. adstringens (Pers.) Quel. Adstringens, abridged.
Differs from the type in the rigid, pitch black p. and in the white gills
becoming pinkish. Pastures, and downs. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
240 TRICHOLOMA
706. T. porphyroleucum (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.)
Fr. sec. Dumee.) Cke. Illus. no. 119, t. 119.
Trop^vpa, purple; \evic6v, white.
P. 4-6 cm.., fuliginous, or fuscous, becoming rufescent, with a darker,
evanescent umbo, fleshy, firm, convex, then plane and depressed,
smooth. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-9 mm., bistre, equal, striate, apex white
mealy. Gills white, often becoming yellowish, sinuato-adnate, attenu-
ated in front, somewhat distant. Flesh white, cinereous under the cuticle
of the p., bistre in the st. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 5 {JL. Pastures,
and open downs. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
707. T.polioleucumFr. (=Tricholomamedium(Paul.)Quel., Tricholoma
melaleucum (Pers. )Fr sec. Dumee.) 7roXi09,grey; Xeu/cov, white.
P. 5-7 cm., grey, umbo darker, whitish at the margin, slightly fleshy,
convex, then plane and depressed, umbo often evanescent, pruinose,
margin often scalloped. St. 4-6 x 1 cm., concolorous, elastic, striate,
apex mealy, equal. Gills whitish, or greyish, sinuate, decurrent by a
tooth, attenuated in front, edge denticulate, crowded. Flesh greyish,
becoming white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/>t, rough. Taste
pleasant. Edible. Lawns, and hilly pastures. Aug. — Oct. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
708. T. phaeopodium (Bull.) Quel. (= Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.)
Fr. sec. Dumee.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 46, fig. 16.
<£ato?, dusky; ?rou9, foot.
P. 3-5 cm., blackish bistre, becoming paler, fleshy, convex, then
plane, subumbonate, smooth ; margin incurved. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-
9 mm., concolorous, equal, striate; base subbulbous, clothed with the
white mycelium. Gills white, sinuato-adnate, 7-9 mm. broad, crowded.
Flesh dark bistre, very thin at the margin. Spores white, pip-shaped,
8-9 x 5-6/Li, minutely warted. Damp pastures, and woods. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
709. T. arcuatum (Bull.) Quel. (= Tricholoma arcuatum var. cognatum
(Fr.) Quel. and Rene Maire, Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr.
sec. Dumee.) Gillet, Champ, t. 665. Arcuatum, curved.
P. 5-10 cm., pale brownish, brownish clay colour, or coffee and milk
colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, becoming smooth, moist, hygro-
phanous; margin at first involute. St. 4-8 cm. x 7-14 mm., con-
colorous, firm, equal, fibrillose, base thickened. Gills yellowish, tinged
with pinkish flesh colour, emarginate, decurrent with a long tooth,
broad, moderately crowded. Flesh white, tinged with flesh colour, soft,
thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 6/x, punctate.
Cystidia "on edge of gill lanceolate, 40-60 x 10-1 2 /a" Eick. Taste
mild. Heaths, and on twigs, and rotting wood, in coniferous woods.
Oct. — Nov. Rare.
TRICHOLOMA 241
710. T. brevipes (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. sec.
Dumee.) Cke. Illus. no. 120, t. 68. Brevis, short; pes, foot.
P. 5—8 cm., umber, becoming pale, fleshy, convex, then plane, smooth,
moist, opaque when dry; margin at first strongly incurved. St.
1—3 x 1-3 cm., fuscous, or bistre, rigid, firm, equal, attenuated down-
wards, or bulbous, fibrillose, apex pruinose. Gills fuscous, or bistre,
becoming whitish, emarginato-free, ventricose, crowded. Flesh of p.
fuscous, becoming white when dry, fuscous in the st., especially at the
base, firm, then soft. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6/x, punctate.
Cystidia on edge of gill sparse, lanceolate, 55-65 x ll-14|u, shaggy
at the apex. Taste mild. Edible. Pastures, woods, and cinder paths.
June — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
711. T. humile (Pers.) Fr. (= Tricholoma exscissum Fr. sec. Quel.,
Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Dumee.) Cke. Illus.
no. 122, t. 263, fig. A. Humile, lowly.
P. 5-12 cm., fuscous-cinereous, mouse grey, or bistre, becoming pale,
fleshy, convex, soon flattened, somewhat repand, often umbonate,
sometimes depressed, pruinose, pulverulent, hygrophanous ; margin
thin, exceeding the gills, often white. St. 4-9 x 1-5-2-5 cm., white, or
becoming greyish, fragile, somewhat equal, villosely pulverulent. Gills
white, then greyish, rounded-adnexed, decurrent with a tooth, and
often arcuato-decurrent, crowded, narrow, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh
whitish, grey under the cuticle, soft, thick at the disc. Spores white,
elliptical, 9 x 6ja, minutely echinulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill
lanceolate, pointed, 55-65 x 10-13/>t, shaggy at the apex" Rick.
Smell of new meal. Edible. Woods, and pastures. April — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
var. blandum Berk. = Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr.
var. evectum Grove. Evectum, carried out.
P. 7-5—9 cm., fuscous, becoming pale, plane, then depressed, or con-
cave, smooth; margin entire, not striate. St. 7-5-8 cm. x 8mm.,
somewhat fuscous, incrassated at the apex, thickened at the base,
fibrous, punctately squamulose, striate, apex white, pulverulent. Gills
pale ochraceous, sinuate, crowded, thin, edge entire. Flesh pallid.
Spores white, oval, 6-7 x 4-5|u,. Amongst heaps of leaves. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon.
712. T. exscissum Fr. (= Tricholoma humile Pers. sec. Quel.) Fr.
Icon. t. 44, lower figs. Exscissum, torn out.
P. 3-7 cm., mouse grey, or fuscous cinereous, becoming paler and
often yellowish, slightly fleshy, campanulate, soon plane, with a pro-
minent umbo, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm, x 2-8 mm. white, then ochraceous,
equal, polished. Gills white, emarginate, linear, narrow, 2-3 mm.
B. B. B. 16
242 TRICHOLOMA
broad, edge uneven. Flesh white, or yellowish, thin. Spores white,
broadly elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /LI, punctate. Pastures. May — Sept. Un-
common, (v.v.)
713. T. subpulverulentum (Pers.) Fr. (= Tricholoma medium Paul.
sec. Quel.) Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. n, t. 39.
Sub, somewhat; pulverulentum, dusty.
P. 4-8 cm., livid, becoming whitish with the innate pruina, fleshy,
convex, then plane, or depressed; margin inflexed, exceeding the gills.
St. 4-6 x 1 cm., concolorous, equal, smooth, substriate, apex obsoletely
pruinate. Gills white, becoming darker, rounded, crowded, narrow.
Flesh white, hygrophanous. Spores very pale ochraceous in the mass,
elliptical, 6-7 x 4/z, minutely punctate. Often forming large rings in
pastures, and woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
(b) Gills becoming violet, grey, or fuliginous.
714. T. sordidum (Schum.) 'Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 47,
figs. 10-18. Sordidum, dirty.
P. 3-8 cm., bistre, or livid-lilac, becoming fuscous and pale when old,
somewhat fleshy, campanulato-convex, then plane, or depressed, sub-
umbonate, often undulate, or excentric when old, smooth; margin
often slightly striate at maturity. St. 4-6 x 1-2-5 cm., concolorous,
flexuose, pliant, often thickened at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills
violaceous, becoming pale, or fuliginous, rounded, then sinuato-decur-
rent, at length distant. Flesh grey, or tinged with lilac, thin. Spores
pale ochraceous in the mass, elliptical, 7-8 x 4/x,. Taste mild. Edible.
Pastures, hedgerows, and manure heaps. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
715. T. paedidum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 46, upper figs. Paedidum, nasty.
P. 3-5 cm., fuliginous mouse grey, somewhat fleshy, flaccid, cam-
panulate, then convex, flattened, umbonate, at length depressed round
the conico-prominent umbo, moist, radiately streaked with innate fibrils,
becoming smooth. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., dingy grey, subcarti-
laginous, slightly bulbous at the base, substriate. Gills whitish, then
grey, sinuate with a small decurrent tooth, narrow, crowded. Flesh
becoming white, very thin, very tough. Spores white, "elliptic-fusi-
form, 10-11 x 5-6/Li" Massee. Grassy places in woods. Aug. Eare.
716. T. lixivium Fr. (= Tricholoma arcuatum (Bull.) Quel.) Fr. Icon.
t. 45, lower figs. Lixivium, made into lye.
P. 5-10 cm., cinereous fuscous, then umber, slightly fleshy, convex,
then plane, umbonate (the umbo vanishing), sometimes sinuous,
smooth; margin flattened, membranaceous, at length slightly striate.
St. 5—8 x -5-2 cm., concolorous, at first white-fioccoso-pruinose, often
flexuose, apex white, fragile. Gills grey, rounded-adnexed, truncato-
free, distant, soft, 6 mm. broad, sometimes crisped, attenuated from
TRICHOLOMA. ENTOLOMA 243
the stem towards the margin. Flesh white, thin at the margin.
Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3fj,, 1-guttulate. Pine woods, and under
conifers. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
717. T. putidum Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 47, figs. 19-22.
Putidum, stinking.
P. 3-6 cm., greyish bistre, or olivaceous, becoming hoary when dry,
often sprinkled with white silkiness, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy,
hemispherical, umbonate, soft; margin straight. St. 4-9 x -5-1 cm.,
grey, equal, covered with a white, thin, evanescent pruina, fibrillosely
striate, somewhat fragile. Gills cinereous, sinuato-adnate, ventricose,
crowded, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh bistre, thin. Spores white, pip-shaped,
9-11 x 4-5 p, with a large central gutta. Smell rancid, of new meal.
Fir woods, and amongst pine needles. Oct. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Spores pink.
Entoloma Fr.
(eVro9, within; \(Ofia, a fringe.)
Pileus fleshy, regular, or irregular. Stem central, fibrous, or fleshy.
Gills sinuate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores pink, angular,
globose, elliptical, or verrucose. Cystidia rarely present. Growing on
the ground, very rarely on wood; solitary, gregarious, or caespitose.
I. Pileus fleshy, smooth, moist or viscid.
718. E. sinuatum Fr. (= Entoloma lividum (Bull.) Fr. sec. Dumee.)
Cke. Illus. no. 316, t. 310. Sinuatum, waved.
P. 8-25 cm., becoming yellowish white, very fleshy, convex, then
expanded, at first gibbous, then depressed; margin repand, sinuate.
St. 7-18 x 2-5 cm., shining white, firm, equal, compact, fibrillose,
then smooth. Gills pale yellowish-rufescent, emarginate, slightly ad-
nexed, 12-18 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white. Spores pink, angular,
globose, 8-9 ju,. Smell strong, pleasant, almost like burnt sugar. Taste
pleasant. Poisonous. Gregarious, in mixed woods. July — Oct.
Common, (v.v.)
719. E. lividum (Bull.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 90, fig. 3. Lividus, livid.
P. 7-15 cm., livid tan, becoming pale, fleshy, disc somewhat com-
pact, convex, then plane, somewhat gibbous, silky, fibrillose under a
lens. St. 7-8 x 2-5-3 cm., shining white, equal, slightly striate, apex
pruinose. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, rounded, somewhat free,
attenuated in front, 6-10 mm. broad, distant. Flesh white, brownish
under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 9-
11 x 6-8 /x, 1-3-guttulate. Smell pleasant, of new meal, then becoming
unpleasant. Taste pleasant. Poisonous. Woods, and pastures.
April — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
16—2
244 ENTOLOMA
var. roseum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 318, t. 469. Roseum, rosy.
Differs from the type in the rosy disc, and the whitish margin of the
p. On logs.
720. E. prunuloides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 91, fig. 1.
Prunulus, the species prunulus', eZSo?, like.
P. 5-7 cm., whitish, becoming yellow, or livid, fleshy, campanulate,
then convex, at length flattened, subumbonate, viscid, finally longi-
tudinally rimose; margin at length slightly striate. St. 6-8 cm. x 6-
8 mm., white, fibrous-fleshy, even, often slightly striate. Gills white,
then flesh colour, somewhat free, emarginate, rarely rounded, slightly
adnexed at first, 6-8 mm. broad, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white,
yellowish in the centre of the stem. Spores pink, angular, 8-10 x 8ju,,
1-multi-guttulate. Smell strong, of new meal. In woods, and pastures.
May — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
721. E. porphyrophaeum Fr. (= Entoloma phaeocephalum (Bull.)
Quel., Entoloma placenta Batsch sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 93, fig. 1.
Tropffrvpa, purple; <f>aiov, dusky.
P. 4-10 cm., brownish bistre, becoming paler and mouse colour when
dry, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, cracking,
minutely fibrillose. St. 5-7 cm. x 8-12 mm., greyish, streaked with
violet or lilac fibrils, base subbulbose, white villose, attenuated up-
wards. Gills greyish white, then reddish grey, truncate behind, almost
free, ventricose, rather distant, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh bluish, or
brownish, becoming white. Spores pink, angular globose, 7-8 x 7/x,
1-guttulate. Cystidia "inflated, large, flask-shaped, occasionally
with a roundish head" Lange. Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
722. E. repandum (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Champ, t. 423, fig. 2.
Repandum, bent backwards.
P. 2-5-5 cm., whitish, or ochraceous, fleshy, conical, then expanded,
umbonate, striate with darker spots, somewhat silky when dry; margin
incurved, lobed. St. 4 cm. x 5-6 mm., white, silky. Gills flesh colour,
broader in front. Spores " substellate, 11 x 6/z, becoming yellow"
Sacc. Smell of new meal. Pastures. June — Oct. Eare.
723. E. erophilum Fr. rjp, spring ; <f>L\ov, loving.
P. 3-4 cm., brownish, or greyish, slightly fleshy, convex, then ex-
panded, obtuse, venosely striate and virgate. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-8 mm.,
white, becoming greyish, equal, pruinose. Gills greyish, then flesh
colour, rounded behind, adnate, wide. Flesh white, yellowish under
the cuticle of the p. Spores pink, globose, 7-9 /A, 1-guttulate. Woods,
and hilly pastures. May — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
ENTOLOMA 245
724. E. placenta (Batsch) Fr. (= Entoloma phaeocephalum (Bull.)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 321, t. 314. Placenta, a flat cake.
P. 4 cm., brown, fleshy, convex then flattened, umbonate, orbicular,
moist when damp. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., brown, wholly fibrous,
equal, fibrilloso-striate. Gills whitish, then pallid flesh colour, emargi-
nato-adnexed, crowded, rather thick. Flesh becoming pale, thin.
Spores pink, globose, S/A. Taste becoming acrid. Hedgerows, and
damp places. April — Oct. Rare.
725. E. helodes Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 322, t. 339. eXo?, a marsh.
P. 3-6 cm., varying cinereous, fuliginous, and at the same time
becoming purple, slightly fleshy, convex, then rather plane, tough,
umbonate, often depressed round the umbo, often as if variegated
with tiger-spots; margin spreading, sometimes striate. St. 5-7-5 cm.
x 6 mm., cinereous-fibrillose, becoming pallid cinereous, fragile, equal,
or slightly thickened at the base, sometimes twisted. Gills white, then
flesh colour, obtusely adnate, 6 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh pallid,
thin. Spores pink, subglobose, 10/z, coarsely warted. Smell of new
meal, taste watery. Heathy pastures, and bogs. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common.
726. E. Batschianum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 325, t. 326.
A. J. G. C. Batsch, author of Elenchus Fungorum.
P. 1-4 cm., dark fuscous, ox fuliginous black, slightly fleshy, viscid,
shining when dry, slightly convex, scarcely umbonate, then depressed ;
margin at first manifestly involute. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4-10 mm., grey,
moderately tough, wholly fibrous, equal, or attenuated at both ends,
slightly striate with adpressed fibrils. Gills whitish, then cinereous,
or -fuliginous, narrowed behind, wholly adnexed at the apex, crowded,
becoming subdistant. Flesh yellowish. Spores pink, angular, sub-
globose, 6-9 x 6-7 /x. On the ground, and among fir needles in damp
places. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
727. E. Bloxamii Berk. (= Entoloma madidum (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus.
no. 326, t. 327. Rev. A. Bloxam, a British mycologist.
P. 2-10 cm., blackish-blue, compact, campanulate, very obtuse,
somewhat lobed, moist, slightly silky. St. 3-8 cm. x 12-15 mm.,
concolorous, base white, obtuse, slightly attenuated upwards, fibrillose.
Gills yellowish, then pale pink, attenuated behind, or slightly adnexed,
moderately broad. Flesh white, bluish under the cuticle, very thick in
the centre. Spores pink, subglobose, minutely warted, 8— 9 jit. Heaths,
and pastures. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. triste Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 92. Triste, gloomy.
Differs from the type in its blackish grey slate colour.
246 ENTOLOMA
728. E. Parrahii Massee & Crossland. Naturalist, 1904, t. 1, figs. 1-4.
John Farrah, F.L.S.
P. 5-6 cm., blackish-blue, cylindrico- ovate, then campanulate and
somewhat repand, umbonate, fibrilloso-silky; margin pallid. St. 6-
7 x 1—1-5 cm., concolorous, ventricose, base white. Grills salmon
colour, sinuato-adnexed, broad, ventricose, somewhat distant. Spores
pink, elliptical, smooth, 10 x 4— 5/z. Cystidia cuspidate, ventricose,
50-60 x 12-15/A. Taste mild. Pastures. Sept. Uncommon.
729. E. ardosiacum (Bull.) Fr. (= Entoloma nitidum Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 327, t. 328. apSeiv, to water.
P. 2—5 cm., steel-blue-fuscous, becoming blackish when young, and
cinereous when older, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse,
often slightly depressed at the disc. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., steel-
blue, slightly attenuated upwards, easily splitting into fibres. Gills
white, or grey, then flesh colour, free, broad, ventricose, attenuated
behind, crowded, edge uneven. Flesh white, bluish under the cuticle of
the p. Spores pink, angular, subglobose, 8-10 x 6-8/u, 1-guttulate.
Moist meadows, and bogs. July — Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
730. E. madidum Fr. (= Entoloma Bloxamii Berk. sec. Quel.) Fr.
Icon. t. 91, fig. 3. Madidum, soaked.
P. 2-6 cm., blackish violet when young, fuliginous when old, fleshy,
campanulate, then convex, viscid in wet weather, shining when dry;
margin inflexed, thin, slightly striate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4-10 mm. at
the white base, x 4-6 mm. at the apex, violet, thickened in a clavate
manner below, fleshy fibrous, surface fibrillose, apex naked. Gills
greyish white, slightly adnexed, almost free, ventricose, watery, soft.
Flesh white, darkish under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores pink, globose,
angular, 6-8/A. Smell strong, somewhat like that of Russula foetens.
In pastures, and amongst leaves. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
731. E. liquescens Cke. (= Psilocybe spadiceo-grisea (Schaeff.) Fr. sec.
Boud.) Cke. Illus. no. 328, t. 581. Liquescens, dissolving.
P. 5-6 cm., yellowish ochre, disc reddish brown, convex, then plane,
broadly umbonate, margin thin, flexuose. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm.,
white, equal, flexible. Gills white, then pale dirty lilac, free, crowded,
deliquescent. Flesh white, thin. Spores pink, subglobose, irregular,
7-8 fj,. On the ground under trees. April.
732. E. ameides B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 329, t. 341.
d/4et8?79, gloomy.
P. 2-5-6 cm., pale reddish grey, irregular, broadly campanulate,
thin, gibbous, centre polished; margin white- flocculent, at length
smooth, silky-shining, undulated. St. 3-4 cm. x 5-10 mm., whitish,
ENTOLOMA 247
compressed, striate, fibrillose, apex flocculent, base villose. Gills
greyish, then flesh colour, slightly adnexed, distant, wrinkled. Flesh
becoming reddish. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 12-13 x 9ju,, 1-guttu-
late. Smell a,t first unpleasant, like a mixture of orange-flower water
and starch, or of burnt sugar. Pastures. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
E.frumentaceum (Bull.) Berk. = Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.) Quel.
E. Cookei Kich. = Pleurotus palmatus (Bull.) Fr.
II. P. absolutely dry, flocculose, or somewhat scaly.
733. E. Saundersii Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 331, t. 306.
W. W. Saunders who collaborated with W. G. Smith in Myco-
logical Illustrations.
P. 4r-12 cm., white, becoming fuscous when old, fleshy, campanulate,
then expanded, obtuse, or umbonate, repando-lobed, adpressedly
tomentose. St. 3-10 x 1-1-5 cm., white, equal, silky-fibrous, apex
furfur aceous. Gills reddish, slightly adnexed, often quite free, broad,
distant. Flesh white, yellowish under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores
pink, elliptical, 4-6 x 3-4 /x, 1-guttulate ("round, slightly angular,
ll-13ju," Boud.). On the ground, river-sand, sawdust. June — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
734. E. fertile 'Berk. (= Entoloma lividum (Bull.) Fr. sec. Big. &
Guill.) Cke. Illus. no. 332, t. 316. Fertile, fruitful.
P. 10-15 cm., pinkish-buff, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse,
pulverulento-squamulose. St. 6-12 x 2-3 cm., paler than the p., firm,
fibrillose, subsquamulose, subcompressed, base subbulbose. Gills flesh
colour, adnexed, nearly free. Flesh white, thickest at the disc. Smell
pleasant, of new meal. Woods. Aug. — Sept. Rare.
735. E. Rozei Quel. Quel. Soc. Bot. xxm, t. 2, fig. 2.
E. Roze, the eminent French mycologist.
P. 3 cm., pearl grey, lilac at the margin, thin, convex, umbonate, then
plane, velvety with thin, very short, white hairs. St. 5-6 x -5 cm., white,
somewhat silvery, silky-fibrillose, apex bistre. Gills white, then flesh
colour, adnate, emarginate. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 10/u,.
Amongst Sphagnum, and under pines. July — Oct. Uncommon.
736. E. jubatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 92, fig. 1.
Jubatum, having a mane.
P. 3-8 cm., mouse colour, somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then ex-
panded and flattened, umbonate, floccoso-scaly, or fibrillose. St. 5—
12 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, fleshy-fibrous, though rigid, fragile,
equal, clothed with fuliginous fibrils. Gills dark fuliginous, then purple
fuliginous, slightly adnexed, somewhat emarginate, easily separating,
248 ENTOLOMA
crowded, ventricose. Flesh white, thin, easily scissile. Spores pink,
angular, oblong, 10-12 x 7-8^,, multi-guttulate. Heaths, and pas-
tures May — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
737. E. resutum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 92, fig. 2. Resutum, ripped open.
P. 2-3 cm., becoming fuscous, disc darker, slightly fleshy, convex,
somewhat obtuse, densely floccoso- scaly, sometimes with darker ad-
pressed scales, sometimes becoming even, longitudinally fibrillose.
St. 4—7 cm. x 2—4 mm,, somewhat grey, wholly fibrous, soft, equal,
polished, slightly striate. Gills grey, at first darker, adnexed, very
ventricose, almost free, 4 mm. broad, rather crowded, rather thick.
Spores pink, "irregular, globose-elliptical, angular, 9-12 x 7-8 p,, also
subglobose, 7-10/x" Herpell. Woods, and pastures. Oct. Un-
common.
738. E. griseocyaneum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 94, fig. 1.
Griseus, grey; KVCLVOS, dark blue.
P. 2-4 cm., grey, or inclining to lilac, thin, campanulate, then convex,
obtuse, wholly floccoso-scaly '. St. 4—6 cm. x 4—6 mm., pallid, then be-
coming azure-blue, sometimes white, fibrous, floccoso- fibrillose. Gills
whitish, then flesh colour, adnexed, separating- free, ventricose. Flesh
bluish, becoming white. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 9-11 x 7-8 /it,
1-guttulate. Pastures, downs, and woods. June — Oct. Not uncom-
mon, (v.v.)
var. roseum Maire. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 11. Roseum, rosy.
Differs from the type in the pink stem, and the pink pileus covered
with darker scales. Downs, and pastures. Aug. — Oct. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
739. E. Wynnei B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 339, t. 329.
Mrs Lloyd Wynne, of Coed Coch.
P. 3-4 cm., fuliginous, convex, then' plane, more or less umbonate,
often wavy, velvety, then squamulose; margin striate, often undulated.
St. 3—5 cm. x 3—6 ram., fuliginous-azure-blue, often compressed; base
cottony, white. Gills pallid, then flesh colour, almost free, 4 mm.
broad, transversely ribbed, edge crenulate. Flesh white, very thin
except at the disc. Spores "elliptic-oblong, apiculate, coarsely warted,
10-11 x 7-8 /x" Massee. Smell unpleasant, like bugs. Fir woods.
Sept. — Nov. Uncommon.
740. E. bulbigenum B. & Br. (= Entoloma Persoonianum Phill. &
Plowr., Entoloma Persoonii Du Port.) Cke. Illus. no. 324, t. 315,
as Entoloma Persoonianum Du Port.
/3o\/3o9, a bulb; yiyvofMai, to be born.
P. 1-4 cm., shining white, campanulate, or hemispherical, minutely
tomentosely scaly. St. 6-8 cm. x 3-5 mm., whitish, equal, piloso-
ENTOLOMA 249
squamulose, base bulbous, solid. Gills red flesh colour, slightly adnexed,
3-4 mm. broad. Flesh white, thin. Spores pink, angular, 15//,. Grassy
places. Feb. — Oct. Uncommon.
741. E. pulvereum Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 14.
Pulvereum, dusty.
P. 5-30 mm., fuliginous, thin, campanulate, then expanded and
flattened, densely covered with very minute scales which are erect at
the centre, striate at first; margin very slightly incurved. St. 2-5-
5 cm. x 2—3 mm., fuliginous, equal, densely velvety, covered when
young with a reddish, rust coloured meal which becomes darker with
age. Gills grey, at length dusted with the pinkish ferruginous spores,
adnate with a minute sinus, veined, subdistant, exceeding the margin
of the p. ; edge irregular, thick, pale or pinkish at first then deep rose
colour. Spores pink, irregular, angular, 12-13 x 6/u,, 1-guttulate.
Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
742. E. dichroum (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 92, fig. 3.
Siypovv, two coloured.
P. 2-5-5 cm., violet, then livid mouse colour, somewhat fleshy, cam-
panulate, then expanded and plane, obtusely umbonate, squamuloso-
fibrillose. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-8 mm., blue, becoming paler at the base,
wholly fibrous, fibrillosely-mealy, and sublacunose. Gills white, or
pallid, then flesh colour, sinuato-adnexed, crowded, 2-3 mm. wide.
Flesh white, tinged with blue. Spores pink, becoming fuscous,
"longish, 9-11 x 6-7 p, with a few distinct angles" Rick. Woods,
and hilly pastures. June — Sept. Uncommon.
E. sericellum Fr. = Leptonia sericeUa (Fr.) Quel.
743. E. Thomson!! B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 336, t. 374. Dr Thomson
P. 2-5-3 cm., grey, convex, then expanded, more or less umbonate,
tomentose, adorned with raised, radiating ribs, which form reticulations
in the centre. St. 3-5 cm. x 4 mm., paler than the pileus, fibrillose,
tomentose. Gills flesh colour, rounded behind, very slightly adnexed,
4 mm. broad, rather distant. Flesh mottled, thick at the umbo, thin
elsewhere. Spores pink, elliptical, 6 x 3-5/x,. Amongst grass in
plantations. Rare.
III. P. thin, hygrophanous, rather silky when dry,
often irregular and repand.
744. E. clypeatum (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 337, t. 319, as Entoloma
clypeum Fr. Clipeatum, furnished with a shield.
P. 5-8 cm., lurid when moist, grey when dry, variegated, or
streaked with darker spots, or lines, fleshy, campanulate, then flattened,
umbonate, fragile. St. 4-8 x -5-1-5 cm., whitish, becoming cinereous,
250 ENTOLOMA
wholly fibrous, equal, fragile, longitudinally fibrillose, apex pulverulent.
Gills whitish, or dingy, becoming red-pulverulent with the spores,
rounded-adnexed, separating free, 4-8 mm. broad, ventricose, sub-
distant, edge serrulate. Flesh dark, becoming white, thin. Spores
pink, angular, globose, 7-9 or 8—9 x 6— ?//,, 1-guttulate. Taste some-
what acid. Edible. Woods, gardens, pastures, and waste places.
Caespitose, or solitary. April — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
745. E. nigrocinnarnomeum Kalchbr. (= Pluteus umbrosus (Pers.)
Fr. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 11, fig. 1.
Niger, black; cinnamomeum, cinnamon.
P. 5-7 cm., umber brown, becoming blackish, thin, tough, convex,
then flattened and depressed round the somewhat prominent umbo,
rather silky and shining; margin incurved, often splitting. St. 3-
4 cm. x 5—8 mm., grey, becoming tawny, fibrillose, often twisted.
Gills reddish cinnamon, adnexed, rounded behind, soon seceding from
the stem, 6-8 mm. broad, rather distant. Flesh darkish, becoming
yellowish. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 11-13 x 7-8 /x, 1-guttulate.
Smell pleasant, of new meal. Pastures, and heaths. Aug. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
746. E. rhodopolium Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 338, t. 342.
p68ov, rose; Tro\iov, grey.
P. 3-12 cm., fuscous, or livid, becoming pale, isabelline-livid, silky-
shining when dry, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded and
subumbonate, or gibbous, at length somewhat plane, and sometimes
depressed, fibrillose when young, then smooth ; margin bent inwards,
and when larger undulated. St. 5-10 x -5-1-5 cm., white, equal, or
attenuated upwards, slightly striate, apex white pruinose. Gills white,
then rose colour, adnate, then separating, somewhat sinuate, flexuose.
Flesh white, darkish under the cuticle of the p. Spores pink, angular,
elliptical, 8-9 x 7-8/*, 1-guttulate. Smell like new meal, or burnt
sugar, or none. Woods. May — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
747. E. pluteoides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 91, fig. 2.
Pluteus, the genus Pluteus; etSo<?, like.
P. 2-5-8 cm., whitish grey, becoming dirty yellowish when dry, slightly
fleshy, scissile, convex, then expanded, obtuse, slightly fibrillose at
first, then smooth. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, becoming yellow
when touched, rigid, equal, straight, or curved and ascending, covered
with a white, fibrillose, subtomentose cuticle, base swollen, villose,
commonly obliquely and shortly rooting. Gills white, then flesh
colour, emarginato-adnexed, crowded, attenuated in front. Flesh
dark. Spores pink. Taste mild. On fir stumps and rotten wood.
Rare.
ENTOLOMA 251
748. E. majale Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 94, fig. 2. Majus, the month of May.
P. 4-6 cm., somewhat cinnamon, ockraceous pale yellow when dry,
fleshy-membranaceous, scissile, campanulate, then convex, sub-
umbonate, somewhat fragile; margin repand, easily rimoso-incised.
St. 7-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, somewhat compressed, twisted, striate,
somewhat fibrillose, often connate at the thickened, white tomentose
base. Gills pallid, then flesh-coloured with the rosy spores, free,
ventricose, crowded, crenate. Flesh very thin. Spores pink, "sub-
spheric, 5-6-angular, 7-10 x 7-8 ft" Lange. Pastures, open woods,
and mossy places in fir woods. April — Sept. Eare.
749. E. costatum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 340, t. 320, upper figs.
Gostatum, ribbed.
P. 3-8 cm., fuscous-livid, becoming grey when dry, or shining black
when scorched by the sun, fleshy-membranaceous, convexo-bullate, undu-
lated, irregularly shaped, then rather plane, more or less umbilicate.
St. 4—6 cm. x 4—8 mm., grey, often compressed, somewhat striate,
apex white mealy. Gills pallid, or greyish, then flesh colour, emarginate,
5-7 mm. broad, transversely veined with raised ribs, undulate. Flesh
grey, becoming white. Spores pink, angular, globose, 6-7 \i, or oblong,
9-10 x 7-8/i. Pastures, and heaths, occasionally in woods. May —
Nov. Common, (v.v.)
750. E. sericeum (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 340, t. 320, lower figs.
Sericeum, silky.
P. 2-4 cm., umber, becoming pale with a silky appearance when dry,
fleshy-membranaceous, convex, then plane, obtuse, often umbonate,
somewhat repand ; margin involute, striate at first. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 3-
6 mm., grey, fibroso-fissile, equal, or thickened upwards, fibrillose,
shining. Gills grey, then rufescent, emarginate, slightly adnexed,
equally attenuated from the stem to the margin. Flesh umber, becoming
whitish. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 8-^ x 6/x,, 1-guttulate. Smell
pleasant, of new meal, or bitter almonds. Pastures, and woods.
May — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
751. E. venosum Gillet. Venosum, full of veins.
P. 3-4 cm., brown, or blackish, disc darker when moist, thin, convex,
slightly umbonate, silky and shining when dry. St. 4—6 cm. x 3-
4 mm., grey, very fragile, easily splitting, fibrillosely striate, apex
slightly squamulose. Gills dirty reddish grey, free, broad, covered with
prominent, transverse veins. Spores pink. Smell strong, of new meal.
Woods, and heaths. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
752. E. nidorosum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 341, t. 321. Nidorosum, reeking.
P. 3-7 cm., fawn cinereous, livid, silky shining when dry, sub-
membranaceous, convex, then expanded, at length often concave,
252 ENTOLOMA. HEBELOMA
and irregularly shaped, rimose. St. 5-13 cm. x 3-15 mm., pale white,
equal, or attenuated upwards, apex white pruinose. Gills pallid, then
flesh colour, emarginato-free, 6-12 mm. broad, at length distant,
sometimes undulato-flexuose. Flesh white. Spores pink, angular,
subglobose, 8-10 x 7-9 jii, 1-3-guttulate. Smell strong, alkaline, or
none. Woods, heaths, and lawns. Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
753. E. speculum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 95, fig. 2. Speculum, a looking glass.
P. 2-5 cm., watery, or straw white, silvery when dry, submembra-
naceous, convex, soon flattened and depressed, obtusely, and obso-
letely umbonate ; margin thin, bent inwards, flexuose, pellucid-striate.
St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., yellowish, round, often compressed, shining,
very fragile. Gills white, then flesh colour, slightly adnexed, broadly
emarginate, 6-8 mm. broad, ventricose, the shorter ones narrower,
edge becoming fuscous. Flesh brownish. Spores pink, angular, oblong,
12-14 x 7-8 /A, 1-2-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. Sept. — Oct.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
754. E. tortipes Massee. Tortus, twisted; pes, foot.
P. 6-7 cm., dark brown, and shining as if oiled when moist, then
cinnamon and silky shining when dry, convex and broadly umbonate,
then expanded and depressed round the umbo; margin arched,
flexuose, often splitting. St. 5-6 x -5 cm., whitish, tinged with cinna-
mon, flexuose, or angularly bent, silky-fibrillose. Gills pale dingy pink,
broadly adnate with a minute sinus, then free, 8-10 mm. broad
behind, tapering towards the margin, crowded. Flesh dark when
moist, paler when dry. Spores pink, elliptical, 5 x 3[j,. Amongst grass.
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous.
Hebeloma Fr.
(17/377, youth; \a>pa, a fringe.)
Pileus fleshy, regular, margin incurved. Stem central, fibrous, or
fleshy. Gills sinuate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores ochraceous,
ferruginous, or fuscous, elliptical, pip-shaped, pruniform, almond-
shaped, elliptic oblong, or fusiform, smooth, continuous. Cystidia
present, or absent. Growing on the ground, solitary, caespitose, or
subcaespitose.
I. Furnished with a cortina from the manifest veil, by which
the p. is often superficially silky round the margin.
755. H. mussivum Fr. (= Cortinarius percomis Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr.
Icon. t. Ill, fig. 1. Musso, I mutter.
P. 5-10 cm., yellow, sometimes darker, and brownish at the disc,
fleshy, convex, then plane, unequal, very obtuse, viscid, smooth at
HEBELOMA 253
first, then generally repand and broken up into squamules. St. 10-
13 x 2-5 cm., light yellow, equal, or ventricose, wholly fibrillose, apex
pruinose. Veil fibrillose, very fugacious. Gills light yellow, then some-
what ferruginous, emarginate, 6 mm. broad, arid, somewhat crowded.
Flesh becoming yellow, compact, firm, very thick in the st. Spores
ferruginous, "elliptical, 12 x 6ju," Massee. Smell weak, not un-
pleasant. Coniferous woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
756. H. sinuosum Fr. (= Hebeloma senescens Batsch sec. Quel.)
full of curves.
P. 7-5-15 cm., never equalling the length of the st., pale yellow, or
brick-red becoming pale, rarely clay colour, fleshy, irregular, convex,
then plane, obtuse, smooth, viscid, soon dry, very sinuosely repand;
margin whitish, membranaceous, inflexed, exceeding the gills, crenu-
late, striate. St. 5-15 x 2-5-3-5 cm., white, equal, generally oblique
at the very base, fibrillosely striate, apex at first fioccosely squamulose.
Gills dirty white, then becoming ferruginous, slightly adnexed, broadly
emarginate and appearing free and distant, but connected with the
st. by a slender tooth, 6-12 mm. broad, dry, crowded, often undulate.
Flesh white, thick, soft, somewhat fragile. Spores ferruginous,
"almond-shaped-oval, 10-12 x 7-9 /z, slightly rough. Cystidia on
edge of gill clavate, 50-60 x 7-9/x," Rick. Smell fruity. Coniferous
woods. Aug. Rare.
757. H. fastibile Fr. Fr. Icon. t. Ill, fig. 2. Fastibile, disagreeable.
P. 4-8 cm., pale yellowish tan, or becoming pale, fleshy, convexo-
plane, obtuse, somewhat repand, smooth; margin involute, pubescent.
St. 4-8 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, or pallid, fleshy fibrous, somewhat
bulbous, often twisted, white silky and fibrillose, white scaly upwards.
Cortina white, silky, often in the form of a ring. Gills pale-white, then
dingy clay colour, very emarginate, rather broad, subdistant, edge
whitish, distilling drops in rainy weather. Flesh white, compact.
Spores earth colour, pale under the microscope, pip-shaped, 9-11 x 5-
6ju,, "punctate. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous-clavate, 50-
75 x 6-9/x" Rick. Smell unpleasant, taste of radish, bitterish.
Poisonous. Woods. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. album Fr. Album, white.
Differs from the type in the long, equal stem, fibrillosely squamose
at the apex, and in the distant gills.
var. sulcatum Lindgr. Sulcatum, furrowed.
Differs from the type in the sulcate, or rugose plicate margin of the p.
var. elegans Massee. Elegans, nice.
Differs from the type in the purple-brown p.
254 HEBELOMA
758. H. senescens (Batsch) B. & Br. (= Hebeloma sinuosum Fr. sec.
Quel.) Senescens, becoming old.
P. 5-10 cm., ochraceous tawny, convex, then flattened, slightly
glutinous, delicately tomentose, margin white. St. 7-12-5 x 1-2-5 cm.,
fuscous downwards, apex shining white, tomentose, at first bulbous,
attenuated upwards, covered with paler, transversely arranged squa-
mules. Gills pallid, then cinnamon, adnexed, 4-5 mm. broad, crowded.
Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, pip-shaped,
8-9 x 5/x, with a large central gutta. Smell strong, acrid. Coniferous
woods, and under conifers. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
759. H. glutinosum (Lindgr.) Fr. (= Flammula lenta (Pers.) Fr. sec.
Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 112, fig. 1. Glutinosum, sticky.
P. 5-9 cm., yellow white, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then plane,
regular, obtuse, glutinous, slimy in wet weather, sprinkled with white,
superficial, fugacious squamules. St. 7-9 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, be-
coming ferruginous downwards, firm, subbulbous, white squamulose,
fibrillose, apex white mealy, base strigose. Partial veil manifest,
fugacious. Gills pallid, then light yellowish, at length clay cinnamon,
sinuato-adnate, subdecurrent, broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, be-
coming light yellow, ferruginous in the st. especially towards the base,
thick at the disc. Spores pale cinnamon, elliptical, 8 x 3-4 p,, 1-guttu-
late, "punctate. Cystidia filamentous, 30-40 x 2-3 /x" Rick. Smell
not unpleasant, taste mild. Woods, especially oak and beech. Sept. —
Dec. Common, (v.v.)
760. H. testaceum (Batsch) Fr. Cke. JQlus. no. 449, t. 408.
Testaceum, brick red.
P. 3—5 cm., brick pale, often ochraceous tan, or tan, somewhat opaque,
whitish at the margin, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then flattened,
regular, obtuse, smooth, obsoletely viscid, or dry. St. 3-7-5 cm. x 6-
8 mm., whitish, becoming somewhat tawny at the somewhat thickened,
fibrillose base, somewhat fragile, apex white mealy. Cortina thin,
fugacious. Gills pallid, then clay colour, subferruginous, attenuato-free,
lanceolate, very thin, at first ascending, very crowded. Flesh whitish,
then brownish, thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, pip-
shaped, 8-9 x 4-5-5 /x, multi-guttulate, "rough. Cystidia on edge
filamentous-clavate, 40-60 x 6-10/u," Rick. Smell faint, of radish.
Woods, and heaths. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
761. H. firmum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 112, fig. 3. Firmum, hard.
P. 5-7 cm., brick-red, fleshy, convex, then plane, at length depressed,
smooth, viscid. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-12 mm., whitish, brown and fibrillose
at the base, firm, somewhat attenuated downwards, covered with white,
fioccose squamules. Cortina white, fugacious. Gills whitish, then clay
HEBELOMA 255
%
colour and ferruginous, sinuate, thin, arid, crowded. Flesh whitish,
then tawny. Spores "pale dirty colour under the microscope, sub-
fusiform, 9-11 x 4-5 /x, minutely punctate. Cystidia only on the
edge of the gill, filamentous-clavate, 36-40 x 3-5/x" Rick. Smell
faint. Coniferous woods. Feb. — Oct. Rare.
762. H. claviceps Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 451, t. 410.
Clavus, a nail; caput, head.
P. 2-4 cm., yellowish white, umbo darker, fleshy, convex, then ex-
panded, umbonate, or gibbous, viscid, naked ("more or less scaly, and
fibrillose" Gillet). St. 5-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, brownish at the base,
equal, white mealy. Gills pallid, then ochraceous brownish, emarginate,
arid, crowded. Flesh pale, yellowish under the cuticle of the p., thick
at the disc. Spores "reddish under the microscope, almond-shaped,
10-12 x 6-7 ft, roughish. Cystidia on edge of gill remarkably long,
filamentous-clavate, 75-90 x 6-12ju" Rick. Woods, especially beech.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
763. H. punctatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 113, fig. 1. Punctatum, dotted.
P. 2-5 cm., tan colour, disc umber, becoming pale when dry, fleshy,
convex, soon plane, disc obtuse, or gibbous, viscoso-papiUose, at length
depressed at the centre; margin white, superficially silky with the fibril-
lose veil. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., pallid, equal, flexuose, dry, silky-
fibrillose with the adpressed veil, apex white pruinose. Cortina white,
fugacious. Gills pallid, then pale ferruginous, or brownish, arcuato-
adnate, narrowed behind, slightly ventricose, narrow, 4-6 mm. broad,
plane, crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores " almond-shaped,
10-12 x 5-6 fjL, rough, with a thick membrane. Cystidia on edge of
gill short, filamentous, 30-36 x 3-4^,, filled with yellow juice" Rick.
Smell faint, not unpleasant. Gregarious. Pine woods. Sept. Un-
common.
764. H. versipelle Fr. Versipelle, changeable in appearance.
P. 2-5-8 cm., reddish tan, becoming pale at the disc, then dingy tan
and opaque when old, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, at first covered
with a tenacious, glutinous pellicle, then becoming dry; margin at first
covered with glued white-silky, villose down, then smooth. St. 5-8 cm.
x 4-6 mm., white, becoming fuscous at the base, tough, equal, at first
remarkably white-silky with the evident cortina, then longitudinally
fibrillosely striate, and easily splitting up into fibres, white mealy
above the ring formed by the cortina. Gills whitish, then clay cinnamon,
rounded, arid, 6-10 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, becoming
fuscous in the st. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 8-12 x 6-7 /u,,
1-2-guttulate, rough. Smell faint, not unpleasant. Subcaespitose.
Grassy places, and among fir needles. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
256 HEBELOMA
765. H. strophosum Fr. o-rpo^o?, a belt.
P. 2-4 cm., bay, white and silky from the veil at the margin, fleshy,
fragile, convex, then plane, subumbonate, viscid when wet, then dry.
St. 2-5-5 cm. x 6 mm., whitish, at length becoming fuscous downwards,
equal, fragile, often curved at the base, clothed with the white silky veil
which forms an apical ring. Ring white, floccose, reflexed. Gills flesh
colour, then clay colour, slightly adnexed, leaving a wide, bare space
at the apex of the st., ventricose, 4-8 mm. broad, plane. Flesh watery
white, thin at the margin. Spores pale cinnamon, elliptical, 8-9 x 5/x,
1-guttulate. Cystidia "only on the edge of the gill, clavate-filament-
ous, 40-50 x 5-7 /x,, thin walled" Rick. Bare soil, and grassy places.
Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
766. H. mesophaeum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 452, t. 411.
/ieo-o?, middle; fyaibv, dusky.
P. 2-5-4 cm., pale yellowish, or becoming pale, disc date brown, fleshy,
conical, then convex, then plane, or depressed and darker at the disc,
viscid, smooth. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4 mm., whitish, then ferruginous,
tough, equal, fibrillose, base becoming fuscous, apex pruinose. Cortina
manifest, thin, fugacious. Gills clay ferruginous, rounded, or emargi-
nate, thin, plane, arid, crowded. Flesh greyish, becoming white, thin
at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/z, with
a large central gutta, roughish. Cystidia on edge of gill, " clavate-
filamentous, rarely fusiform-filamentous, 50-70 x 5-9 /x, thin walled"
Rick. Smell faint, sometimes of radish. Taste acrid. Woods, especially
coniferous woods, and charcoal heaps. Sept. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
var. holophaeum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 113, fig. 3.
6X05, entirely; <f>aiov, dusky.
Differs from the type in the umbonate p. being entirely dark fuscous,
in the st. becoming fuscous and subannulate with the cortinate veil, and
in the gills being slightly sinuate.
var. minus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 453, t. 412. Minus, smaller.
Differs from the type in its smaller size. Common along with the
type, (v.v.)
767. H. subcollariatum B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 454, t. 506, as a var.
Sub, somewhat; collariatum, having a collar.
P. 2-5 cm., pallid, disc subfuscous, fleshy, convex, then more or less
expanded, slightly glutinous, the floccose veil soon vanishing. St.
5 cm. x 4 mm., pale, brown at the base, often flexuose, pulverulent.
Gills clay colour, edge shining white, very slightly rounded behind,
broadly adnate, soon separating from the st. and forming a short inter-
rupted collar, ventricose, 4-6 mm. broad. Spores pale, ferruginous,
elliptical, 12-13 x 6/i, 1-guttulate. On naked soil. May— Oct.
Uncommon.
HEBELOMA 257
II. P. smooth, at the first with no cortina.
768. H. sinapizans (Paul.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 455, t. 413.
aLvairi, mustard.
P. 7-5-20 cm., clay colour, disc sometimes pale yellowish, fleshy, con-
vex, then plane, very obtuse, for the most part repand, often excentric,
smooth, slightly viscid when fresh. St. 7-5-12-5 x 2-5 cm., white,
rigid, equal, or fusiform rooted, fibrilloso-striate, apex white squamu-
lose. Gills clay cinnamon, opaque, deeply emarginate, sometimes
arcuato-decurrent, 6—10 mm. broad, crowded, fragile, arid. Flesh
white, compact. Spores ferruginous, almond-shaped, 10-11 x 6/z.
Smell strong, of radish. Woods, and under trees. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
769. H. crustuliniforme (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 456, t. 507.
Crustulum, a small cake ; forma, shape.
P. 5-10 cm., pale whitish tan, pale yellowish, or brick colour, disc
deeper coloured, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, or slightly gibbous,
rarely repand, smooth, at first viscid. St. 4—7 x 1-2-5 cm., whitish,
equal, or subbulbous, firm, apex white squamulose. Gills whitish,
then clay colour, at length date brown, rounded-adnexed, almost adnate,
narrow, linear, 2-4 mm. broad, crowded; edge unequal, guttate, dis-
tilling watery drops in wet weather, spotted when dry. Flesh whitish,
watery, thick. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10-12 x 5-6ju, rough.
Cystidia " only on the edge of the gill, filamentous-capitate, sometimes
also subventricose, 50-60 x 7-10/t, thin walled" Eick. Smell strong
of radish, or like the flowers of the common laurel. Taste acrid.
Poisonous. Woods, heaths, andpastures. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. minus Cke. (= Hebeloma hiemale Bres. sec. Big. & Guill.) Cke.
Illus. no. 457, t. 414. Minus, smaller.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the floccose edge of the
gill and in its faint smell. Woods, and heaths. Oct. — Nov. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
770. H. subsaponaceum Karst. Karst. Icon. t. 44.
Sub, somewhat; sapo, soap.
P. 3 cm., gilvous, then pallid, darker when dry, expanded, obtuse,
naked, dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 3-4 mm., pale, becoming umber below when
touched, equal, rather wavy, adpressedly fibrillose, apex rather mealy.
Gills pale alutaceous, then ferruginous, adnate, 2mm. broad, crowded,
dry. Spores oval oblong, 6-10 x 4-6/A. Smell strong, of soap. Fir,
and mixed woods. Aug. Uncommon.
771. H. elatum (Batsch) Fr. Cke. IUus.no. 1165, t. 962. Elatum,tall.
P. 2-5-8 cm., tan colour, becoming pale tan when dry, fleshy, convex,
then flattened, obtuse, smooth, slightly viscid, opaque, margin very
thin. St. 8-10 cm. x 8-12 mm., whitish, equal, cylindrical, tense and
17
258 HEBELOMA
straight, twisted with spiral fibres, base with, an ovately, villose bulb
when growing amongst fir leaves, adpressedly fibrillose, apex white
mealy. Gills pale cinnamon, rounded, with a small decurrent tooth,
6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores
brownish ferruginous, elliptical, 8-10 x 5/x. Smell very strong of
radish. Woods, especially coniferous woods, and heaths. Sept. —
Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
772. H. longicaudum (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 458, t. 415.
Longus, long; cauda, a tail.
P. 4-12 cm., clay colour, becoming whitish, disc sometimes becoming
fuscous, fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate, at length repand,
smooth, viscid; margin whitish, pruinose. St. 8-11 x 1-2 cm., white,
at length becoming tawny at the base, fragile, equal, or thickened at the
base, obsoletely fibrillose, apex mealy. Gills white clay, then cinnamon,
arcuato-adnate, 6 mm. broad, crowded, edge serrulate, somewhat
dotted. Flesh white, soft, watery, thin at the margin. Spores tawny
ochraceous, oblong elliptical, 11-12 x 6/i, minutely verrucose.
Cystidia "on edge of gill long, filamentous-clavate, 60-90 x 6-8^"
Eick. Smell faint, not unpleasant. Taste mild. Edible. Woods,
especially coniferous woods. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
773. H. radicatum (Cke.) Maire. (= Hebeloma elatum Quel. non
Batsch sec. Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 459, t. 416, as Hebeloma
longicaudum Fr. var. radicatum Cke. Radicatum, rooting.
P. 3-10 cm., ochraceous fiesh colour, whitish at the margin, convex,
gibbous, glutinous. St. 7-11 x -5-1 cm., white, becoming brownish,
fusiform, rooting, soft, twisted, fibrillose, villose, mealy at the apex.
Gills pale fiesh colour, then brownish, adnate by a tooth, undulate.
Flesh white, thick, soft. Spores fuscous ferruginous, elliptical, 10 x 5/x.
Smell of radish, or of honey, like that of Pholiota radicosa. Taste bitter.
Caespitose. Coniferous woods. Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
774. H. lugens (Jungh.) Fr. Lugens, mourning.
P. 4-7-5 cm., brown, becoming somewhat yellow, fleshy, convex, then
plane, gibbous, often repand and irregular, smooth, subviscid. St.
4-7-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, shining, subbulbous, fibrillosely striate,
apex white mealy. Gills pallid, then ferruginous, somewhat free,
fragile, 4 mm. broad, edge crenulate, darker. Flesh white. Spores
"10 x 6/x," Massee. Smell strong. In troops. Woods, especially
beech. Sept.— Oct. Rare.
H. truncatum (Schaeff.) Fr. = Tricholoma truncatum (Schaeff.) Quel.
775. H. nudipes Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 14, fig. 3.
Nudus, naked; pes, foot.
P. 4-7 cm., pale tan, or clay colour, fleshy, convex, then flattened,
obtuse, unequal, smooth, slightly viscid, scarcely perceptibly streaked ;
HEBELOMA 259
margin membranaceous, exceeding the gills. St. 5-8 cm. x 8-16 mm.,
white, equal, fibrillose at the base, smooth above, straight, or curved
and ascending, pellicle separable. Gills tan colour, broadly emarginate,
crowded, dry. Flesh watery, white when dry, compact at the disc, very
thin at the margin. Spores fuscous, elliptical, 12 x Qfj,. Smell weak,
not unpleasant. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
776. H. sacchariolens Quel. Quel. Soc. sc. n. de Rouen,- 1879, t. 1,
fig. 2. Saccharum, sugar; olens, smelling.
P. 2-6 cm., whitish, disc buff colour, but the whole surface deepens in
colour with age, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, smooth, viscid.
St. 4-5 x 1 cm., white, streaked with fawn fibrils below, attenuated
above and at the base, striate, silky, apex pruinose. Gills whitish, then
buff colour, and finally ferruginous, sinuato-adnate, 6-10 mm. broad,
crenate, edge whitish. Flesh yellowish, or somewhat buff, thin at the
margin. Spores deep ferruginous, almond-shaped, 10-11 x 7-8 /x,
with a hyaline basal apiculus. Smell very peculiar and strong, like
that of Entoloma ameides or "of burnt sugar, or orange fiowers"
Quel. Woods, heaths, and pastures. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
777. H. nauseosum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1166, t. 963.
vav<Tia, sea-sickness.
P. 2-5-3-5 cm., ochrey-white, fleshy, convex, gibbous, more or less
expanded, smooth, viscid. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-10 mm., concolorous, in
decay turning black at the base, equal, or attenuated at the base,
faintly striate downwards, mealy above. Gills pallid, then clay colour,
and at length ferruginous, sinuate, ventricose, 6-10 mm. broad, sub-
distant. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores pale ferruginous,
elliptical-fusiform (20 x 10/z Cke.), 12 x 6/z, 1-2-guttulate. Smell
very unpleasant. Woods, and heaths. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
778. H. ischnostylum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 463, t. 420.
iV%i>o<?, thin; crrOXo?, a pillar.
P. 2-5-5 cm., white, or a little pallid at the disc, fleshy, convex, then
expanded, broadly umbonate, slightly viscid. St. 5 cm. x 3-4 mm.,
whitish, equal, or a little thickened at the base, smooth. Gills whitish,
then clay colour, rounded behind, adnexed, edge slightly serrate. Flesh
white, thin at the margin. Spores fuscous, elliptical, •» 12 x 7-5/u,.
Smell none, or with a faint odour of Spiraea. Amongst grass under
alders. Sept. Uncommon.
T79. H. capniocephalum (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 462, t. 419.
KCLTTVOS, smoke; ice<j>a\r), head.
P. 4-7-5 cm., pale yellowish, or reddish, disc darker, margin at length
ling black, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth. St. 5-
cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, attenuated downwards, striate with rufescent
17—2
260 HEBELOMA. HYPHOLOMA
fibrils, becoming pale. Gills ferruginous, emarginate, broad, scarcely
crowded. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores fuscous, ellip-
tical, 9 x 5jit. "Smell of musk" Secretan. Mixed woods, and under
firs, and pines. Oct. — Nov. Rare.
780. H. diffractum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 114, fig. 1.
Diffractum, broken in pieces.
P. 3-5 cm., tan colour, fleshy, thin, convex, then plane, obtuse,
smooth, somewhat dry, at length squamosely broken up. St. 2-5-
4 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, subfusiform, attenuated downwards, hollow,
squamulose with white flocci above. Gills pallid, then ferruginous,
emarginate, ventricose, broad, crowded, dry. Spores ferruginous,
"10-12 x 4— 5/x" Massee. Smell weak, unpleasant, somewhat of
radish. Pine needles in woods. Sept. Rare.
III. P. scarcely 2-5 cm. broad. Stature that of the Naucoriae.
781. H. magnimamma Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 114, fig. 2.
Magnus, large; mamma, breast.
P. 1-2-5 cm., brick colour, at length becoming pale yellowish, fleshy,
convex, then plane, with a prominent, breast-shaped umbo, smooth,
but becoming somewhat streaky towards the margin. St. 2-5-7 cm.
x 2—3 mm., pale yellowish, becoming pale, equal, or flexuose, often
substriate, fibrous, smooth. Gills pallid, then ferruginous, sinuato-
adnate, 2-3 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh yellowish, tawny under the
cuticle of the p., very thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous,
broadly elliptical, 9-12 x 5-6 fj,, with a hyaline basal, or subbasal,
apiculus, multi-guttulate. Pastures, under oaks, and apple trees.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
H. petiginosum Fr. = Astrosporina petiginosa (Fr.) Rea.
Spores purple, or fuscous.
Hypholoma Fr.
(i></>?7, a web; \a)/j,a, a fringe.)
Pileus fleshy, regular, firm, or fragile. Stem central, fibrous, or
fleshy. Gills sinuate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores purple,
fuscous, or cinereous purple; elliptical, subglobbse, pip-shaped, or
reniform, smooth, rarely verrucose, with an apical germ-pore.
Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, more rarely on the
ground, often densely caespitose, or fasciculate.
*Colour of the tough, smooth, dry (except Hypholoma
silaceum) p. bright, not hygrophanous.
782. H. silaceum (Pers.) Fr. (= Flammuloides sublateritia Schaeff.
sec. Quel.) Silaceum, ochraceous.
HYPHOLOMA 261
P. 6-8 cm., orange rufous, fleshy, convex, viscid; margin whitish,
silky. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, bulbous, shining, fibril-
loso-striate. Gills grey, then olivaceous, adnate, crowded. Spores pale
purplish brown. Smell pleasant, of meal. Solitary, " caespitose from
a common tuber" Secretan. Old pastures, and under firs. Aug. —
Nov. Eare.
783. H. sublateritium (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 73, no. 162.
Sub, somewhat; lateritium, brick colour.
P. 3-10 cm., tawny-brick-red, paler round the margin, fleshy, con-
vexo-plane, obtuse, discoid, dry, covered with a superficial, somewhat
silky, whitish cloudiness (arising from the veil), becoming smooth',
margin often append iculate with the veil. St. 5-10 cm. x £-15 mm.,
yellow, ferruginous downwards, firm, attenuated downwards, rarely
equal, scaly-fibrillose, fibrils pallid. Cortina white, at length becoming
black, superior. Gills dingy yellowish, and darker at the base, then
fuliginous, at length inclining to olivaceous, adnate, sinuate, somewhat
crowded. Flesh yellowish, ferruginous at the base of the st., compact.
Spores fuscous purple, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/z,, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia
cylindric-clavate, or flask-shaped, apex obtuse, 6-7/z in diam.,
35-50 x 10-15/x, on the edge of the gill, fusiform-capitate, 30-36 x
7-9 fji, contents yellow. Taste bitter. Poisonous. Subcaespitose.
Woods, hedgerows, and old posts. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. Schaefferi B. & Br. Schaeff. Icon. t. 49, figs. 4-5.
J. C. Schaefier.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the light yellowish, conical,
at length depressed, wrinkled p., and the narrow decurrent gills. Stumps.
July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. pomposum Fr. Pomposum, stately.
Differs from the type in the thicker, almost entirely tawny p., the
thick stem up to 2-5 cm. broad, becoming pale above, the membranaceous
ring, and the gills at length becoming a beautiful olive. Stumps. July —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. squamosum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 573, t. 558. Squamosum, scaly.
Differs from the type in the p. being spotted with scales, especially
towards the margin. Trunks. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
784. H. capnoides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 133, fig. 1. KaTrvtoSrjs, smoky.
P. 2-5-8 cm., ochraceous-yellowish, fleshy, convex, then flattened,
obtuse, dry, smooth, often wrinkled, margin appendiculate with the
veil. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-8 mm., pallid, becoming ferruginous under the
surface covering when old, apex whitish, equal, often curved and flexu-
ose, becoming silky-even, here and there striate. Cortina white, then
262 HYPHOLOMA
becoming fuscous purple. Gills whitish, or bluish-grey, then
purple, adnate, easily separating, rather broad, somewhat crowded.
Flesh whitish, often somewhat ferruginous towards the base of the st.
Spores pale fuscous, elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4//,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia
"clavate, with a prominent point, 36-50 x 10-15/u," Eick. Smell
and taste mild. Caespitose, or fasciculate. Coniferous stumps.
April — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
785. H. epixanthum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 133, fig. 2. eVtfai/#oi>, tawny.
P. 5-7-5 cm., light yellow, or becoming pale, disc generally darker,
fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, or gibbous, sometimes depressed at
the disc, slightly silky, then becoming smooth; margin appendiculate
with the veil. St. 7-14 cm. x 6-10 mm., yellow, pale ferruginous, or
becoming fuscous below, equal, or attenuated from the thickened base,
floccoso-fibrillose, apex pruinose. Cortina white, silky. Gills light
yellowish white, or citron yellow, then cinereous, adnate, crowded.
Flesh yellow, often ferruginous at the base of the st., thin at the mar-
gin. Spores cinereous purple, broadly elliptical, 6— 7 x 4/x, 1-guttulate.
Cystidia "clavate, with a prominent point, 36-40 x 9-12 ju," Rick.
Smell strong. Caespitose. Stumps in frondose, and coniferous woods,
hedgerows, and parks. June — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
786. H. elaeodes Fr. (= Flammuloides fascicularis Huds. sec. Quel.)
eXaia, the olive-tree; etSo<?, like.
P. 4-8 cm., brick-red, or tan tinged reddish at the disc, fleshy, convex,
then plane, or slightly depressed, obtuse, or subumbonate, dry, smooth,
opaque; margin for a long time incurved, undulate, folded. St. 5-
9 cm. x 5—10 mm., dirty yellow, more or less ferruginous, equal, or
attenuated at the base, incurved, or flexuose, fibrillose. Cortina white,
apical. Gills green, or greenish yellow, then olivaceous, and finally
brownish purple, adnate, crowded, thin. Flesh yellow, ferruginous in
the st., thin at the margin. Spores brownish purple, broadly elliptical,
6-8 x 4-5 /A, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia "nearly flask-shaped, 30 x 8-
lOju., obtuse, filled with yellow juice" Rick. Smell and taste bitter.
Caespitose. On stumps, and on the ground. Woods, and pastures.
Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
787. H. fasciculare (Huds.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 576, t. 561.
Fasciculare, in little bundles.
P. 2-5 cm., light yellow, disc often darker, fleshy, convex, then
flattened, obtuse, or subumbonate, smooth, dry; margin often ap-
pendiculate with the veil. St. 5-22 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous,
equal, base attenuated, or thickened, incurved, or flexuose, fibrillose.
Cortina yellowish-white, fibrillose, torn. Gills sulphur yellow, then
green, adnate, linear, 3-4 mm. broad, very crowded, subdeliquescent
HYPHOLOMA 263
Flesh yellow, thin. Spores purple, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/n, 1-guttulate.
Cystidia clavate, 28-35 x 7-10/u,, contents yellowish. Smell and
taste very bitter. On stumps, and on the ground. Woods, pastures,
and hedgerows. Jan — Dec. Common, (v.v.) .
788. H. instratum Britz. Cke. Illus. no. 1181, t. 1157.
Instratum, bare.
P. 2-3-5 cm., dark brown, fleshy, hemispherical, convex, broadly
umbonate, radiately rugose, margin appendiculate with the white veil.
St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4 mm., white above, brownish at the base, equal, apex
smooth, fibrillose, or squamulose below. Gills brown, then purple brown,
adnate, subventricose, 6 mm. broad. Flesh brownish, thin. Spores
purple brown, elliptical, 8 x 4/i. Caespitose. On stumps. Sept. —
Oct. Eare.
789. H. aellopum Fr. aeXXo-Trow, storm-footed.
P. 2-5 cm., rufescent, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth.
St. 5-6 cm. x 4—8 mm., variegated with minute, red squamules, fusi-
form, rooting, with a separable tube inside. Gills yellowish, then
fuscous-olivaceous, adnate. Subcaespitose. Stumps, especially fir, and
larch. Sept. Rare.
790. H. dispersum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 133, fig. 3. Dispersum, scattered.
P. 2-4 cm., tawny honey colour, not hygrophanous, fleshy, campanu-
late, then convex, at length expanded, smooth, superficially white
silky with the veil round the margin. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., somewhat
ferruginous, becoming fuscous at the base, apex pale, equal, tense and
straight, tough, fibrillosely silky, besprinkled with white, zone-like
markings from the remains of the veil. Gills pallid straw colour, at
length clouded, obsoletely green, adnate, ventricose, 4-8 mm. broad,
thin, crowded, edge often white Flesh yellowish, ferruginous under the
cuticle of the p. and in the st., thin. Spores purple, pip-shaped, 8-
9 x 4-5 /A. Cystidia "subclavate, 30-45 x 7-10/i, often drawn out
into a point, filled with a yellow juice" Rick. Solitary, rarely caespi-
tose. Amongst coniferous needles and twigs, rarely on stumps, and
sawdust. April — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
791. H. irroratum Karst. Irroratum, bedewed.
P. 4 cm., tawny honey colour, convex, then plane, gibbous, even;
margin silky, pruinose. St. 13 cm. x 5 mm., pallid, equal, rooting,
tough, fibrillosely silky, wavy below, and with dense rusty down. Gills
straw colour, then darker, and tinged green, adnate, crowded ; margin
dentate. Spores hyaline under the microscope, elliptical, 6-9 x 4-5/>i.
Smell and taste very sour. Rare.
264 HYPHOLOMA
**P. naked, viscid.
792. H. incomptum Massee. Incomptum, unadorned.
P. 7-5-10 cm., deep bay brown, orange-tawny when dry, campanulate,
then expanded, broadly gibbous, viscid, silky when dry; margin
usually flexuose. St. 6-7-5 cm. x 16 mm., pale above, dark ferruginous
below, equal, covered with minute, spreading, ferruginous, fibrillose
squamules, mixed with primrose yellow tomentum. Gills pallid, then
deep olive, finally clouded with purple from the spores, adnate, slightly
rounded behind, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded, thin. Flesh tawny, 2 mm.
thick. Spores purplish, obliquely elliptical, 8 x 3-5/i. Stumps.
Sept. — Oct. Rare.
793. H. oedipus Cke. Cke. Elus. no. 579, t. 587, fig. A.
oiSiTrovs, swollen footed.
P. 1—2-5 cm., umber, or brownish olivaceous, paler, and subochraceous
at the striate margin, which exceeds the gills, fleshy, turbinate, or hemi-
spherical, then convex, glutinous, smooth, dull; margin at first ap-
pendiculate with the veil. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid, tawny at the
base, attenuated upwards from the bulbous base, apex pruinose, fibril-
lose below the ring. Ring whitish, median, torn, fugacious. Gills
whitish, then umber, broadly adnate, sometimes with a minute decur-
rent tooth, plane, edge somewhat granular, or crenulate, often whitish.
Flesh brownish, becoming white, thick at the disc. Spores dark brown,
elliptical oblong, 9-10 x 5-6/t. Sticks, and dead leaves. Solitary, or
caespitose. Feb. Rare.
***P. silky with innate fibrils, or streaked.
794. H. lacrymabundum Fr. non Quel. (= Stropharia cotonea QueL,
Hypholoma storea Fr. var. caespitosum Cke., Hypholoma hypo-
xanthum Phill. & Plowr., Hypholoma pseudostorea W. G. Sm.)
Fr. Icon. t. 134, fig. 1. Lacrymabundum, weeping.
P. 4-7-5 cm., whitish, becoming fuscous and pale round the margin,
fleshy, convex, obtuse, piloso-scaly, the innate scales darker; margin
appendiculate with the veil. St. 5-11 cm. x 6-12 mm., whitish, then
fuscous whitish, slightly attenuated upwards from the somewhat
thickened base, which is often yellowish, curved, fibrillosely scaly, apex
smooth. Cortina white, separate, fibrillose. Gills whitish, then fuscous
purple, adnate, 6 mm. broad, crowded, edge whitish, often distilling
drops in wet weather. Flesh white, greyish when moist, soft. Spores
fuscous purple, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-4-5/z. Cystidia cylindrical, or flask-
shaped, base ventricose, apex obtuse, 5-6/x in diam., 28-40 x 8-18/z.
Taste pleasant. Densely caespitose. On stumps, and on the ground.
Beech, birch, and coniferous woods. Sept. — Dec. Notuncommon. (v.v.)
795. H. pyiotrichum (Holmsk.) Fr. (= Stropharia pyrotricha(Holmsk.)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 583, t. 564. irvp, fire; 0pi^t hair.
HYPHOLOMA 265
P. 5-10 cm., fiery tawny, fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, then ex-
panded, densely clothed with somewhat adpressed, tawny fibrils, which
are here and there fasciculate in the form of scales. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4-
15 mm., pallid, becoming tawny, equal, fibrillose, commonly squarrose
with small, fiery tawny scales. Cortina tawny. Gills pallid, then be-
coming brown, adnate, at length free, 10-12 mm. broad, somewhat
crowded, edge white, flocculose. Flesh tawny, deeper coloured in the st.,
thin at the margin. Spores fuscous purple, pip-shaped, 10-11 x 6-5-
7fji. Cystidia clavate, 12-13^ in diam. at apex, 44-70 x 7-9/u,, con-
tents often yellowish. Caespitose. Woods, and about roots of trees.
Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. egregium Massee. Egregium, distinguished.
Differs from the type in the st. below the ring being covered with
spreading, squarrose, whitish scales, and in the purple brown, broadly
elliptical, or subglobose, apiculate spores, 6 x 4-5/x. Fasciculate, near
to stumps. Fir woods. Oct. Rare.
796. H. velutinum (Pers.) Fr. (= Stropharia lacrimabunda (Bull.)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 582, t. 563. Velutinum, velvety.
P. 5-15 cm.j lurid, becoming tawny, then clay colour isabelline,
hygrophanous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, at length ob-
tusely umbonate, adpressedly, tomentosely fibrillose, becoming smooth ;
margin appendiculate with the white veil. St. 5-12-5 cm. x 4-15 mm.,
dingy clay colour, equal, fragile, fibrillosely silky, apex tomentose
above the veil. Cortina white, then black, woolly. Gill inclining to
fuscous, then date brown fuscous, dotted black, adnexed, easily sepa-
rating, 8-10 mm. broad, subdistant, edge white,fioccose, distilling watery,
hyaline drops. Flesh pallid, very thin, fragile. Spores brownish
purple, elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /x, verrucose, with an apical germ pore.
Cystidia capitate-clavate, 50-60 x 12-15/x. Taste mild. Poisonous.
Solitary, or in groups of two or three. Woods, pastures, roadsides,
rarely on stumps. May — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. leiocephalum B. & Br. \eto<?, smooth; K€(j>a\,ij, head.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the very rugose disc, and
pallid p., smooth except at the fibrillose margin, and the pallid st.,
farinose at the apex. Densely caespitose. Old stumps, and in woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
797. H. melantinum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 134, fig. 2.
/xeXa?, black; t?, a fibre.
P. 2-6 cm., umber, then pale, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then
plane, obtuse, covered with innate, adpressed, hairy, black squamules.
St. 4-6 cm. x 4-12 mm., pallid, equal, or slightly attenuated up-
wards, fibrillosely hispid with whitish, then fuscous fibrils. Cortina
266 HYPHOLOMA
white, tender, fugacious. Gills pallid, then umber, adnexed, almost
free, ventricose, crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores fuscous
purple, reniform, 7—8 x 3-^/z, 1— 2-guttulate. Cystidia "on surface
of gill sparse, flask-shaped, on edge of gill vesiculose, 45-55 x 12-
15/i " Rick. Solitary. Base of birch, and elm trees. Parks. Sept.
Rare, (v.v.)
****P. covered with floccose, superficial, fugacious scales.
798. H. cascum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 584, t. 544. Cascum, old.
P. 4-8 cm., livid grey, tan whitish when dry, fleshy, oval, then ex-
panded, obtuse, covered when young with superficial, white, fugacious
scales, then smooth, slightly wrinkled when dry, disc persistently
even; margin appendiculate with the white, squamulose veil. St.
7-5-10 cm. x 4-6 mm,, white, equal, fragile, fibrillose, apex white-
mealy. Gills grey, then black fuscous, rounded-adnexed, ventricose,
4-8 mm. broad, arid, fragile. Flesh white, thin. Spores purple, ellip-
tical, 7-8 x 4-5/x. Cystidia "fusiform-pointed, 40-50 x 9-13/x,
somewhat thick walled " Rick. Taste bitter. Coniferous woods, and
pastures. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
H. punctulatum (Kalchbr.) Cke. = Stropharia punctulata (Kalchbr.)
Fr.
*****P. smooth, hygrophanous, margin appendiculate with the veil.
799. H. lanaripes Cke. (= Hypholoma appendiculatum Bull. sec.
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 585, t. 545. Lana, wool; pes, foot.
P. 3-6 cm., pallid, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, hygro-
phanous, squamose with superficial scales arising from the breaking up
of the cuticle', margin appendiculate with the fugacious veil. St.
5-7-5 cm. x 4 mm., white, equal, fragile, subfibrillose, base tomentose.
Gills whitish, then purplish brown, reaching the st., crowded. Flesh
pallid, thin. Soil in conservatories. Subcaespitose. June — July.
Uncommon.
800. H. Candolleanum Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 586, t. 546.
Alphonse de Candolle.
P. 5-10 cm., date brown, then white, disc ochraceous, fleshy acorn-
shaped, then campanulate, soon convex, at length flattened, obtuse,
unequal, smooth; margin appendiculate with the white, at length
fuscous veil. St. 4—7-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, somewhat thickened at
the base, fragile, fibrillose, apex striate. Gills violaceous, then fuscous
cinnamon, edge at first whitish, rounded-adnexed, then separating,
crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores brownish violet, "elliptical,
8 x 4/Lt " Karst. Cystidia "only on edge of gill, subcylindrical or sub-
ventricose, 30-45 x 9-10/z" Rick. Taste mild. Edible. In troops,
or subcaespitose. Woods and stumps. April — Nov. Common.
HYPHOLOMA 267
801. H. appendiculatum (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 587, t. 547.
Appendiculatum, having a small appendage.
P. 5—8 cm., date brown, then tawny, ochrey pale when dry, fleshy -
membranaceous, ovate, then expanded, at length flattened, obtuse,
pruinose, sprinkled with a few, fugacious flecks, then smooth, slightly
wrinkled when dry; margin appendiculate with the white, fugacious
veil. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, equal, fragile, fibrillose, apex
pruinose. Gills white, then flesh colour, at length fuscous, subadnate,
crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores fuscous purple, elliptical,
7-8 x 4-4-5ju,. Cystidia cylindrical, often slightly constricted below
the apex, base subventricose, 35-45 x 10-13 p. Taste mild. Edible.
In troops, or caespitose. Woods, hedgerows, and wood heaps.
June — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. lanatum B. & Br. Lanatum, woolly.
Differs from the type in being densely woolly when young, traces of
the woolly coat remaining at the apex when the p. is expanded.
var. flocculosum Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 137. Flocculosum, flocculose.
Differs from the type in the white squamulose, longitudinally striate,
or sulcate, somewhat lobed p., and the striate st. of ten flocculose. Woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
802. H. catarium Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1180, t. 1176.
Catarium, belonging to a cat.
P. 1-5-2-5 cm., ochraceous, then paler, fleshy membranaceous, hemi-
spherical, then expanded, smooth, hygrophanous ; margin appendicu-
late with the white veil. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, rather
shining, base incrassated and white floccose, apex striate. Gills white,
then fuscous, adnate, narrow, rather crowded. Flesh white, thin.
Spores fuscous purple, elliptic-oblong, 6 x 3//,. Gregarious, or sub-
caespitose. Amongst grass in parks, and roadsides. Sept. Eare.
803. H. leucotephrum B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 588, t. 548.
Xevtf09, white; re^pov, ash-coloured.
P. 3-7 cm., dark grey, whitish when dry, fleshy, somewhat cam-
panulate, then convexo-expanded, wrinkled; margin appendiculate
with the white veil. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., white, equal, attenu-
ated at the base, silky-fibrillose downwards, apex striate, or sulcato-
striate. Gills cinereous whitish, then grey, turning black, slightly adnate,
3-6 mm. broad. Flesh pallid, becoming white, thick at the disc. Spores
cinereous purple, elliptical, 8—9 x 5/z. Cystidia "on edge of gill sub-
cylindrical, constricted-capitate, 30-40 x 6-8 //," Rick. Caespitose.
Base of ash trees, and amongst beech leaves, and pine needles. Sept. —
Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
268 HYPHOLOMA
804. H. egenulum B. & Br. (= Hypholoma appendiculatum Bull. sec.
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 589, t. 605, fig. A. Egenulum, poor.
P. 3-4 cm., watery white, snow white when dry, fleshy, hemispherical,
then expanded, umbonate, smooth; margin finely striate, appendicu-
late with the white veil. St. 4-5 cm. x 3 mm., white, attenuated up-
wards, or nearly equal, minutely adpressedly scaly. Gills purplish
timber, edge white, adnate, with a tooth, slightly ventricose, sub-
distant. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores brown purple. Solitary.
Amongst grass. May. Eare.
805. H. pilulaeforme (Bull.) Fr. (= Hypholoma hydrophilum Bull,
sec. Quel.) Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 112.
Pilula, a little ball;/orme, shaped.
P. 1-2 cm., fuscous, dingy ochraceous when dry, submembranaceous,
globose, then convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth; margin pale, striate,
slightly appendiculate with the white veil. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm.,
white, equal, flexuose, often slightly thickened at the base. Cortina
white, membranaceous, often forming a ring, fugacious. Gills white,
then cinereous, at length fuscous, adnexed, easily separating, narrow,
2-3 mm. broad, thin, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores cinereous
purple, elliptical, 6-8 x 4//,. Densely caespitose. On stumps, and
buried wood. Woods, and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
806. H. hydrophilum (Bull.) Fr. (= Bolbitius hydrophilus (Bull.) Fr.
Hym. Eur.) Cke. Illus. no. 606, t. 610, as Psilocybe spadicea Fr.
vSwp, water; (j)i\ov, loving.
P. 3-6 cm., date brown when moist, tawny, or tan colour when dry,
fleshy, globose, then convex and expanded, pruinose, striate near
the margin when moist, wrinkled when dry; margin often undulate,
appendiculate with the white, fugacious veil. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-8 mm.,
white, becoming somewhat ferruginous downwards, rigid, but fragile,
equal, or attenuated slightly upwards, curved, fibrillose at the base.
Gills whitish, then date brown fuscous, adnate, ventricose, crowded,
often distilling hyaline drops. Flesh pallid, white when dry, very thin
at the margin. Spores ferruginous purple, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-3-5/A,
1-2-guttulate. Cystidia cylindrical, ventricose, often constricted
below the apex, apex obtuse, 8-9/z in diam., 25-28 x 12-14/z.
Densely caespitose. Stumps in woods, and on sawdust. Aug. — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
H. fibrillosum (Pers.) Quel. = Psathyra fibrillosa (Pers.) Fr.
H. nolitangere (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyra nolitangere Fr.
H.fatuum (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyra fatua Fr.
H. ammophilum (Mont.) Quel. = Psilocybe ammophila (Mont.) Fr.
H. gossypinum (Bull.) Quel. = Psathyra gossypina (Bull.) Fr.
HYPHOLOMA. CLITOCYBE 269
H. pennatum (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyra pennata Fr.
H. semivestitum (B. & Br.) Quel. = Psathyra semivestita B. & Br.
H. bifrons (Berk.) Big. & Guillem. = Psathyra bifrons Berk.
H. Gordonii (B. & Br.) Big. & Guillem. = Psathyra Gordonii B. & Br.
****Gills decurrent, or adnato-decurrent by a tooth..
Spores white ; hymenium not waxy, nor pulverulent.
Clitocybe Fr.
(«:\iT09, a slope; /cvftrj, head.)
Pileus fleshy, regular, or irregular; margin incurved. Stem central,
externally fibrous. Gills decurrent, rarely adnate, with an acute edge.
Spores white, rarely yellowish, or greenish, elliptical, pip-shaped,
globose, subglobose, or oblong; smooth, punctate, verrucose, or
echinulate, continuous. Growing on the ground, rarely on wood,
solitary, caespitose, or forming rings.
A. P. fleshy, often pale and silky when dry, not hygrophanous.
a. P. convex, then plane, or depressed, regular, obtuse.
*P. cinereous, or fuscous.
807. C. nebularis (Batsch) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 9, as Agaricus
turgidus. Nebularis, clouded.
P. 7 -5-20 cm., fuliginous, or fuscous, then grey, fleshy, somewhat
compact, convex, then plane, very obtuse, at length depressed at the
disc, dry, at first pruinosely grey, becoming smooth, more rarely
innately streaked, or shining when scorched by the sun. St. 7-
12 x 2-3 cm., whitish, thickened at the base, attenuated upwards,
spongy, elastic, fibrillosely striate. Gills whitish, sometimes becoming
yellow, shortly and equally decurrent, arcuate, very crowded, thin.
Flesh white, thick. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4/i, 1-2-guttu-
late. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures.
Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
808. C. clavipes (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 47, upper figs.
Clavus, a nail; pes, foot.
P. 4—6 cm., fuscous, fuliginous, cinereous-livid, sometim.es whitish
round the margin, very rarely wholly white, fleshy, slightly convex,
soon plane, at length almost obconical, very obtuse, sometimes um-
bonate, smooth. St. 4-6 x 1 cm., concolorous, conical, base bulbous,
elastic, somewhat fibrillose. Gills white, sometimes yellowish, deeply
decurrent, subdistant, flaccid, broad. Flesh cinereous, then white, lax,
thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/t, 1-guttulate.
Smell faint, pleasant. Taste mild. Beech, and coniferous woods.
Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
270 CLITOCYBE
809. C. comitialis (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 47, lower figs.
Comitialis, belonging to the comitia.
P. 2—5 cm., umber fuliginous, almost becoming black, fleshy, convex,
then plane, obtuse, smooth, somewhat moist. St. 4-7 cm. x 6-15 mm.,
concolorous, equally attenuated upwards, elastic, smooth. Gills white,
adnato-decurrent, horizontal, plane, crowded, thin. Flesh white, firm,
compact. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/u,, 1-guttulate. Pine woods.
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
810. C. obscurata Cke. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 5, fig. C.
Obscurata, darkened.
P. 5 cm., greyish umber, plane, then infundibuliform, moist, smooth.
St. 3-4 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, slightly attenuated downwards,
sometimes substriate. Gills white, decurrent, rather distant. Spores
white, siibelliptical, 3 x 1-5-2/n. Smell of meal. Amongst grass and
dead leaves. Sept. Rare.
811. C. gangraenosa Fr. ydyypaiva, a gangrene.
P. 4-8 cm., whitish, tinged with bistre, or livid, sometimes green,
fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, white, pulverulent, then covered ivith
brownish hairs especially at the margin, then naked, variegated, or
streaked. St. 4-5 x 1 cm., white, subbulbous, soft, striate,, or slightly
sulcate, curved, sometimes excentric. Gills dingy white, subdecurrent,
arcuate, very crowded. Flesh white, becoming blackish or spotted with
black. Spores white. Smell stinking, foetid. Woods, and larch planta-
tions. Oct. — Nov. Rare.
var. nigrescens (Lasch) Cke. Nigrescens, becoming black.
Differs from the type in its whitish colour, and rather sweet smell.
Larch plantations. Rare.
812. C. polia Fr. (= Paxittus inornatus (Sow.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 48,
fig. 1. TroXta, grey.
P. 2-5 cm., grey, fleshy, convexo-plane, regular, smooth ; margin
white, incurved. St. 3—9 x -5-1 cm., greyish white, equal, base sub-
bulbous, smooth. Gills white, decurrent, very crowded, very narrow,
1 mm. broad. Flesh greyish, becoming white. Spores white, "6-8 x 3—
4/u," Sacc. Caespitose. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
813. C. inornata (Sow.) Fr. (== Paxillus inornatus (Sow.) Quel.)
Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 155. Inornatus, unadorned.
P. 4-8 cm., cinereous grey, then somewhat tan colour, fleshy, convex,
then plane and depressed, sometimes slightly gibbous; margin at
first involute, pubescent, striate with evanescent veins. St. 4-6 cm. x 8-
12 mm., concolorous, subequal, fibrillosely tomentose, base white, floe-
cose. Gills concolorous, rounded behind, adnate, or adnato-decurrent,
CLITOCYBE 271
crowded, easily separable from the hymenophore. Flesh whitish grey,
thick at the disc. Spores white, oblong, apiculate at the base,
8-10 x 3^i. Smell rancid, taste insipid. Woods, and pastures. Oct. —
Nov. Rare.
C. niinbata (Batsch) Quel. = Tricholoma panaeolum Fr. sec. Quel.
814. C. luscina Fr. Luscus, one-eyed.
P. 2-5-6 cm., brown, then grey, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse,
sometimes excentric, smooth, moist. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white,
slightly attenuated downwards, entirely white pulverulent, or only so at
the apex. Gills white-hyaline, decurrent, horizontal, straight, crowded,
thin, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores white. Pastures.
Sept.— Oct. Rare.
815. C. curtipes Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 48, fig. 5. Curtus, short; pes, foot.
P. 2-7-5 cm.., fuscous, then pale and becoming whitish, fleshy, convex,
then plane, obtuse, oblique, silky. St. 2-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., reddish
fuscous, rigid, cartilaginous, attenuated downwards, somewhat fibrillose,
apex white pruinose. Grills shining white, adnate, scarcely decurrent,
very crowded, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white, firm. Spores white.
Amongst grass. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
816. C. hirneola Fr. Hirneola, a small jug.
P. 1-2 cm., cinereous, or grey, becoming pale and hoary, slightly
fleshy, plano-convex, then depressed in the centre and umbilicate, very
smooth, shining, semi- viscid when fresh, the cuticle as if with a glued
silkiness ; margin involute, very thin. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., con-
colorous, elastic, equal, flexuose, smooth, apex white pruinose. Gills
whitish-grey, subdecurrent, crowded, thin, rather broad. Flesh white,
often bistre when moist, thin. Spores dirty white in the mass, sub-
globose, 4-5 x 4/A, multi-guttulate. Edible. Amongst grass, and
leaves. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. undulata (Bull.) Fr. (= var. major Fr. Mon.) Undulata, waved.
Differs from the type in its larger size, the p. being 3-4 cm., flattened,
flexuose, subzonate, grey, becoming whitish.
817. C. zygophylla Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1137, t. 948.
£wyov, a yoke ; <j>v\\ov, leaf.
P. 5-10 cm., greyish when moist, pale ochraceous white when dry,
fleshy, convex, then expanded, disc often slightly depressed, tough,
flaccid, hygrophanous ; margin thin, involute at first, rugose, or plicate,
as if pinched up at regular intervals. St. 5-6 x 1 cm., white, then pallid,
equal, expanding into the p., smooth, base with a thin white tomentum.
Gills cinereous, deeply decurrent, rather distant, 4 mm. broad, dis-
tinctly connected by veins. Flesh white, greyish under the cuticle of the
272 CLITOCYBE
p., thick at the disc, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical,
8-9 x 4/x, with a large central gutta. Amongst leaves. Oct. — Nov.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
**P. violet, or rufescent.
818. C. cyanophaea Fr. Gonn. & Rabenh. Heft. 8-9, t. 17, fig. 3, as
Tricholoma nudum. Kvavos, dark blue; <j>aid, dusky.
P. 7-10 cm., fuscous, becoming azure-blue, rather fleshy, convex,
then plane, obtuse, smooth. St. 7-8 x 1-2 cm., bluish when young,
attenuated upwards from the thickened base, apex abruptly white,
smooth. Gills violet, then pale, deeply decurrent, crowded. Woods.
Rare.
var. Pengellei B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 131, t. 264.
T. W. Pengelly, the geologist.
Differs from the type in having the st. attenuated at the base.
C. opipara Fr. = Tricholoma opiparum (Fr.) Quel.
C. amara (A. & S.) Fr. = Tricholoma amarum (A. & S.) Quel.
819. C. socialis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 49, lower figs. Socialis, sociable.
P. 2-3 cm., reddish yellow, fleshy, convex, then expanded, acutely
umbonate when young, smooth, dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 4-6 mm., reddish,
ascending, fibrous, rooting base peronately hairy. Gills becoming yellow,
plano-decurrent, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores white.
Densely gregarious. Amongst pine needles. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
***P. becoming yellow.
820. C. amarella (Pers.) Fr. (= Paxillus amarellus (Pers.) Quel.,
Clitopilus popinalis Fr. sec. Quel.) Amarella, bitterish.
P. 4—5 cm., pale yellowish, or pallid fawn colour, fleshy, plane, firm,
subumbonate, smooth. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, equal, tough,
white villous at base. Gills pallid, somewhat shining, subdecurrent,
crowded, here and there dichotomous. Spores white, "5-6 x 2-3 /i"
Rick. Smell strong, like prussic acid, taste very bitter. Woods. Oct.
Rare.
821. C. vernicosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 50, upper figs. Vernicosa, varnished.
P. 5-6 cm., pale yellowish, shining, fleshy, convex, then flattened
or piano-depressed, obtuse, sometimes infundibuliform, smooth,
margin involute. St. 2-3 cm. x 6-8 mm., yellow, firm, tough, equal,
smooth. Gills light yellow, adnato-decurrent, or deeply decurrent,
equally attenuated behind, subdistant. Flesh whitish, firm. Spores
white, "subglobose, 3-4 /*, nearly spinulose" Rick. Fir and larch
woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
CLITOCYBE 273
822. C. venustissima Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 50, lower figs.
Venustissima, most beautiful.
P. 2-5 cm., rich orange-reddish, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, con-
vex, then expanded, obtuse, or somewhat umbilicate, becoming
slightly silky-even; margin even, in large specimens striate, and
crenate, or toothed in a crisped manner. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-8 mm.,
reddish, equal, smooth, base often white villous. Gills concolorous, de-
current, subdistant, 3 mm. broad, subarcuate. Flesh reddish, thin.
Spores white, broadly elliptical, 11-16 x 8-10/A, multi-guttulate.
Amongst fir and larch leaves. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
823. C. alutacea Cke. & Massee. Aluta, soft leather.
P. 1-1-5 cm., tan colour, convex, then umbilicate, smooth; margin
incurved. St. 3-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., pale, smooth. Gills paler than the
p., decurrent, arcuate, narrow, crowded. Spores white, elliptical,
6 x 4)Lt. Amongst grass and moss. Sept. Uncommon.
824. C. subalutacea (Batsch) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 50,
figs. 10-15. Sub, somewhat; aluta, soft leather.
P. 2-5-5 cm., pale tan, becoming whitish, fleshy, soft, tough, convex,
then flattened, obsoletely umbonate, or depressed, smooth. St. 5-
8 cm. x 6-8 mm., reddish white, deeper coloured at the base, cylindrical,
flexuose, firm, elastic, fibrillose, smooth. Gills pallid, adnate, then
subdecurrent, distant, broad. Flesh whitish, soft, tough. Spores
white, "subglobose, 3-4 x 3/u," Rick. Smell pleasant of anise, some-
times disagreeable like rancid meal, sometimes obsolete. Woods,
and under trees. Nov. Uncommon.
825. C. aurantiaca (Wulf.) Studer. (= Cantharellus aurantiacus
(Wulf.) Fr.) Holland, Champ, t. 53, no. 117, as Cantharellus
aurantiacus. Aurantiaca, orange coloured.
P. 2-8 cm., orange-ochraceous, fleshy, soft, depressed, often excentric
and undulated, subtomentose; margin involute. St. 5cm. x 6-8 mm.,
ochraceous, or bistre, somewhat incurved and unequal. Gills deep
orange, decurrent, tense, straight, repeatedly dichotomous, crowded, often
crisped at the base. Flesh yellowish, soft, thick at the disc. Spores
elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5ju,, with a large central gutta. Taste unpleasant.
Heaths, and woods, especially coniferous woods. Aug. — Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
var. albida (Gillet) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 1057, 1. 1104, fig. B, as Cantha-
rellus aurantiacus var. pallidus. Albida, whitish.
Differs from the type in the white gills. Heaths, and woods. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. lactea (Quel.) Rea. Lactea, milk white.
Differs from the type in being entirely white. Heaths, and coniferous
woods. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
18
274 CUTOCYBE
var. nigripes (Pers.) Rea. Niger, black; pes, foot.
Differs from the type in the st. becoming black towards the base.
Boggy places in woods, and on heaths. Sept. — Nov. Common.
(v.v.)
826. C. hypnorum (Brond.) Rea. Hypnum, moss.
P. 3-4 cm., pale primrose yellow, sometimes verging on pale ochre,
campanulato-convex, then expanded and slightly depressed ; margin
incurved, minutely downy, the down sometimes collected in little
fascicles. St. 2—3 cm. x 4-6 mm., yellow, sometimes darker than the
p. at the base, often slightly flexuose, almost glabrous. Gills yellow,
decurrent, branched, thin, somewhat crowded, edge acute. Flesh
whitish, thin. Spores white, oblong, 7 x 4/z, with a minute apiculus.
Sept. Uncommon.
****P. greenish.
827. C. odora (Bull.) Fr. (= Clitocybe viridis (Scop.) sec. Quel.)
Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 51, figs. 10-15. Odora, fragrant.
P. 5-9 cm., greenish, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, or
obsoletely umbonate, then depressed; margin incurved, pubescent.
St. 3-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, somewhat cylindrical, flexuose,
flocculoso-fibrillose, then smooth, white villous at the thickened base.
Gills paler than the p., adnato-decurrent, subdistant, broader than the
flesh of the p. Flesh dirty white, tough. Spores white, elliptical,
8 x 4-4-5/x, 1-2-guttulate. Smell pleasant, of anise. Taste pleasant.
Edible. Deciduous woods. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
828. C. viridis (With.) Fr. (= Agaricus virens Scop. sec. Fr.) Barla,
Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 51, figs. 1-9. Viridis, green.
P. 3-6 cm., pale greenish blue, fleshy, convex, then expanded,
obtuse, smooth ; margin naked. St. 3-8 cm. x 3-7 mm., whitish, firm,
cylindrical, attenuated at the base, smooth. Gills white, with a tinge of
greenish, adnato-decurrent, thin, crowded. Flesh white, thick at the
disc, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/Lt, with a large central
gutta. Smell and taste pleasant, of anise. Edible. Deciduous woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
829. C. Trogii Fr. (= Clitocybe subalutacea (Fr. non Batsch) Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 135, t. 102.
Jacob Gabriel Trog, an eminent Swiss botanist.
P. 6—8 cm., cinereous, then white, fleshy, compact, convex, then
expanded, obtuse, smooth, opaque. St. 3-5 x 1 cm., white, thickened
and villous at the base. Gills white, subdecurrent, crowded. Flesh
whitish, thick at the disc, compact. Spores white. Smell very
fragrant, spicy. Woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon.
CLITOCYBE 275
*****P. whitish, white, or becoming white.
830. C. rivulosa (Pers.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 51, figs. 16-
23. Rivulosa, rivulose.
P. 2-5-5 cm.., flesh colour, becoming whitish, or rarely fuscous, slightly
fleshy, convexo-plane, then depressed, undulato-lobed, repand, minutely
tomentose, at length rivulosely-streaked', margin at first incurved, villous.
St. 3-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, tough, elastic, equal, somewhat
fibrillose, minutely tomentose. Gills flesh colour, becoming whitish,
adnate, then subdecurrent, obliquely acute behind, broad, somewhat
crowded. Flesh white, soft, spongy. Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 2-
3/z, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Poisonous. Heaths, and
pastures. Aug. — Nov. Very common, (v.v.)
var. Neptunea (Batsch) Fr. Neptune, god of the sea.
Differs from the type in its smaller size.
831. C. cerussata Fr. (= Clitocybe tornata Fr. sec. Quel.) Barla,
Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 51, figs. 24-28.
Cerussata, painted with white-lead.
Entirely white. P. 5-8 cm., with a white-lead appearance, fleshy,
convex, then expanded, obtuse, or gibbous, smooth, at first fioccoso-
fibrillose; margin involute, villous. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., fleshy -flbrous,
elastic; base thickened, more or less white tomentose. Gills adnate.
then slightly decurrent, very crowded, thin. Flesh white, soft, compact.
Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/n. Taste and smell pleasant.
Poisonous. Deciduous, and coniferous woods. April — Oct. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
var. difformis (Schum.) Fr. Difformis, deformed.
Caespitose, often gigantic. P. 5-18 cm., undulato-lobed, often at
first sprinkled with flocci. St. 2-5 x 2-5 cm., sulcate, or longitudinally
wrinkled. Gills at length pallid. Spores white, 4 x 3/u,. Rich ground,
and gardens. Oct. Uncommon.
var. obtexta (Lasch) Fr. Obtexta, covered.
Differs from the type in its snow-white colour, the fibrillose texture of
the subviscid p., the tomentose St., and the narrow gills. Heaps of leaves.
Eare.
832. C. phyllophila Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 52, figs. 1-6.
<j)v\\ov, a leaf; <£t\o9, loving.
P. 5-10 cm., tan, or cream colour, becoming pale white, fleshy, con-
vex, then piano-depressed, obtuse, often excentric and repand, hoary
with superficial villose down; margin silky. St. 5-8 cm. x 5-8 mm.,
concolorous, elastic, fibrous, equal, villous at the base, incurved. Gills
18—2
276 CLITOCYBE
white, then becoming pale and yellowish, adnate, subdecurrent, 4-6 mm.
broad, subdistant. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4ju.
Taste mild. Poisonous. Woods, especially beech. Sept. — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
833. C. pithyophila (Seer.) Fr. (= Clitocybe cerussata Fr. sec. Quel.)
Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 52, figs. 7-10.
TUTU?, pine; $1X09, loving.
P. 5-7-5 cm., dead white when moist, shining whitish when dry,
fleshy, thin, rather plane, umbilicate, at length irregularly shaped,
repand, undulato-lobed, smooth, flaccid; margin slightly striate when
old. St. 4—5 cm. x 5—8 mm., white, often compressed, equal, smooth,
apex obsoletely, or scarcely pruinose, base white tomentose. Gills
always white, adnate, subdecurrent, very crowded, plane, 4-6 mm.
broad. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/A. Smell
and taste pleasant. Poisonous. Pine woods. Sept. — Nov. Common.
(v.v.)
834. C. tornata Fr. (== Clitocybe cerussata Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon,
t. 51, fig. 1. Tornata, turned in a lathe.
P. 2-5-5 cm., pure white, fleshy, convex, then becoming plane, at
length depressed round the gibbous disc, dry, somewhat silky with a
glued film, at length delicately rimoso-rivulose. St. 4 cm. x 4-6 mm.,
concolorous, tough, equal, or attenuated downwards, round, smooth,
base pubescent. Gills white, adnate with a small decurrent tooth,
horizontal, plane, very crowded, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white, thick at
the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 3-4/z. Taste mild. Poisonous.
Woods, and amongst grass. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. opala Fr. Opala, opal.
Differs from the type in the viscid p. Fir woods. Rare.
835. C. candicans (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 51, fig. 3.
Candicans, shining white.
Entirely white. P. 2-5 cm., slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, de-
pressed, umbilicate, regular, or a little excentric, pruinose, silky,
shining. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-5 mm., cartilaginous, polished, like an
Omphalia, equal, base incurved, villous, rooting. Gills adnate, then
decurrent, very thin, crowded, narrow, straight, almost linear. Flesh
whitish, thin. Spores white, "elliptical, 4-5 x 2-3 /M, smooth" Rick.,
"ovoid, 6-7 p,, minutely rough" Quel. Taste mild. Deciduous woods.
July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
836. C. dealbata (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 123.
Dealbata, white- washed.
P. 2-3 cm., whitish, with greyish, or flesh coloured zones towards the
margin, shining white when dry, slightly fleshy, tough, convex, then
CLITOCYBE 277
plane, at length re volute, undulated, dry, smooth, but innately
pruinose under a lens. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. x 8-10 mm., whitish, becoming
flesh colour, equal, often ascending, apex white-mealy. Gills greyish,
then whitish, adnate, scarcely decurrent, thin, crowded. Flesh white,
thin, arid. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3/ot. Smell and taste
pleasant, of new meal. Edible. Woods, and pastures. July — Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
var. minor Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 143, t. 173. Minor, smaller.
Differs from the type in its smaller size. Woods, and heaths. Sept.
— Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
837. C. gallinacea (Scop.) Fr. Hussey, lUus. Brit. Myc. i, t. 39.
Gallinacea, pertaining to domestic fowls.
P. 1-2-5 cm., dingy white, becoming whitish when dry, slightly fleshy,
convex, then plane, obtuse, unequal, dry, opaque, pruinose. St. 5-
6 cm. x 6-10 mm., white, equal, ascending, or flexuose, excentric,
incurved, striate, mealy. Gills white, adnato-decurrent, thin, plane,
crowded. Flesh white, thin, compact. Spores white, oblong elliptical,
9 x 4/z, 1— 2-guttulate. Smell strong, taste bitter. Woods, and pas-
tures. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
ft. P. fleshy at the disc, margin thin, at first umbonate, then
expanded, depressed, and irregular; generally caespitose.
C. ampla (Pers.) Fr. = Tricholoma amplum (Pers.) Rea.
C. molybdina (Bull.) Fr. = Tricholoma amplum (Pers.) Rea.
838. C. decastes Fr. (= Tricholoma decastes (FT.)Quel.) Fr.Icon.t.52.
Se/ea?, a company of ten men.
Caespitose. P. 10-20 cm., mouse grey, or livid, becoming whitish tan
colour when dry, flesh j, fragile, convex, then plane, gibbous, or obtuse,
smooth; margin membranaceous, at first incurved, then expanded,
very undulate and lobed. St. 7-5-10 x 2-5-4 cm., white, fibrous, con-
nate at the base, attenuated, or curved-ascending, often compressed,
smooth, rarely pruinose at the apex. Gills white, adnato-decurrent, or
sinuate, 6-8 mm. broad, crowded, or subdistant, attenuated towards
the margin, often undulated and crenulate at the edge. Flesh white,
fragile, thick at the disc, very thin at the margin, scissile. Spores
white, globose, 6-8/A. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, pastures, and
gardens. Oct. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
839. C. subdecastes Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1131, t. 958. ,
Sub, near to; decastes, the species C. decastes.
Caespitose. P. 3-6 cm., pale ochraceous, becoming paler, and whitish
towards the margin, fleshy, campanulate, or convex, very obtuse,
278 CLITOCYBE
smooth; margin more or less lobed. St. 8-12 cm. x 12-16 mm.,
whitish, equal, fibrillose, connate at the base. Gills white, rounded
behind, adnate, 4-6 mm. broad, narrower in front, rather crowded.
Flesh white, thin. Spores white, globose, 4-5/A. On the ground.
Sept. Uncommon.
840. C. cartilaginea (Bull, non Fr.) Bres. (= Tricholoma loricatum Fr.
sec. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 110, 111.
Cartilaginea, cartilaginous.
Caespitose or in troops. P. 4-12 cm., fuliginous black, or chestnut
fuliginous, becoming paler, fleshy, convex, then expanded, depressed,
or gibbosely-umbonate, cuticle cartilaginous. St. 4-8 x 1-1-5 cm.,
white, becoming greyish, or horn colour, connate at the ventricose base
and somewhat rooting, apex white and villosely-furfuraceous, cuticle
cartilaginous. Gills white, then straw-, or horn-colour, adnate, or sinuato-
adnate, rarely rounded behind, tough, subcartilaginous, crowded, often
undulate. Flesh white, firm. Spores white, globose, 6-8/z, 1-guttulate.
Smell of mice, or like fresh nuts. Taste sweet, then bitter. Edible.
Mixed woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
841. C. aggregata (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Tricholoma aggregatum (Schaeff.)
Quel.) Schaeff. Icon. t. 305, 306. Aggregata, heaped together.
Caespitose. P. 7-12 cm., livid-grey, then rufescent, fleshy, convex,
then expanded, at first umbonate, then depressed, often excentric,
flaccid, somewhat silky-streaked. St. 7-10 x 1-5 cm., white, often
rufescent, attenuated downwards, connate at the base, often branched,
curved, compressed, subfibrillose. Gills ashy-white, then flesh colour,
and becoming light yellow, unequally decurrent, 6-8 mm. broad, thin,
crowded. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 x 5-6/z.
Smell strong. Oak woods, sawdust heaps, and garden soil. July — Oct.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
C. tabescens (Scop.) Bres. = Annillaria mellea (Vahl.) Fr. var. tabescens
(Scop.) Rea.
842. C. elixa (Sow.) Berk. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 172. Elixa, soaked.
Not caespitose. P. 5-8 cm., fuliginous, becoming pale and somewhat
silky when dry, fleshy, convex, then flattened, or depressed, umbonate,
undulato-repand, delicately virgate. St. 3-5 cm. x 10-12 mm., fuligi-
nous whitish, firm, subequal, apex velvety. Gills white, unequally de-
current, distant, connected by veins, 4 mm. broad. Flesh dingy white,
thick at the disc, soft. Spores "white, elliptical, 7 x 4/z" Massee.
Woods. Oct. — Nov. Not uncommon.
Ag.fumosus Pers. = Collybia fumosa (Pers.) Quel.
C. fumosa Fr. = Tricholoma cinerascens (Bull.) Quel.
CLITOCYBE 279
843. C. conglobata (Vitt.) Bres. (= Agaricus pes caprae Fr., Agaricus
humosus Fr., Agaricus tumulosus Kalchbr. sec. Bres.) Bres.
Fung. Trid. t. 32. Conglobata, crowded together.
Caespitose. P. 5-10 cm., umber, becoming blackish, or spotted with
cinereous, or grey, or becoming pale and livid cinnamon, fleshy, fragile
at first, then tough, convex, then expanded, plane, or depressed,
sometimes umbilicate, often irregular and lobed, dry, margin at first
involute, white pruinose. St. 4—9 x 1-2 cm., white, or greyish, equal,
or attenuated downwards, connate at the tuberous base, sometimes
branched, fioccosely pulverulent, then smooth. Gills whitish cinereous,
or cream colour, crowded, sinuate, adnate, or decurrent. Flesh white,
greyish at the circumference, fragile, then tough. Spores white, globose,
5-6 p (somewhat angular with age according to Bresadola). Smell
faint, of new meal. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Sept. — Nov.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
844. C. tumulosa (Kalchbr.) Fr. (= Clitocybe conglobata (Vitt.) Bres.,
Tricholoma humosum Fr. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 5.
Tumulosa, like a mound.
Caespitose. P. 2-5-8 cm., dark umber, becoming pale lurid fuscous,
conical, then expanded and umbonate, or depressed round the umbo,
smooth; margin sometimes repand and torn. St. 2-8 x -5-2 cm.,
pallid, fleshy, subequal, either attenuated, or ventricosely thickened at
the connate, half-buried base, curved, ascending, floccosely pruinose,
then smooth. Gills white, then pale cinereous, adnate, or decurrent.
Flesh white, livid, or cinereous at the circumference when moist, thick
at the disc. Spores white, oval, 6-7 x 4/A. Smell faint, of new meal.
Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
845. C. connata (Schum.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Mang. t. 37.
Connata, joined together.
Caespitose. P. 5-10 cm., white, slightly tinged with ochre, or bistre,
convex, pruinose. St. 3-6 x -5-1 cm., white, connate at the swollen
base, mealy. Gills glaucous white, then cream colour, adnate, or decur-
rent, arcuate, distant. Flesh white, firm, elastic. Spores white,
globose, 6 x 5/n, minutely punctate. Smell pleasant. Parks, and
woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
846. C. pergamena Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1132, t. 643.
Pergamena, parchment.
Caespitose. P. 3-8 cm., ochraceous, whitish at the margin, sub-
cartilaginous, convex, then plane, obtusely umbonate, smooth. St.
5-12 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, equal, ascending, apex punctate squamose,
cuticle cartilaginous. Gills white, broadly adnate with a decurrent
tooth, 4 mm. broad, rather crowded. Flesh yellowish, thick at the
280 CLITOCYBE
disc. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3-4/z, 1-guttulate. On the ground,
and on stumps. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
847. C. cryptarum (Letell.) B. & Br. Crypta, a cellar.
Caespitose. P. 3—4 cm., brown, somewhat conical, then depressed,
spotted, fioccose. St. 6-9 x 2 cm., white, attenuated upwards, more
or less compressed, somewhat striate, virgate. Gills white, subdecurrent,
arcuate, narrow. Flesh of stem mottled. Spores white. Taste insipid.
Sawdust. Oct. Rare.
848. C. monstrosa (Sow.) Gillet. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 283.
Monstrosa, strange.
Often caespitose. P. 3-10 cm., white, opaque as if whitewashed, often
tinged with ochre, fleshy, convex, umbonate, then waved and lobed;
margin incurved. St. 2-6 x 2-2-5 cm., concolorous, compressed,
streaked, downy-squamulose above, slightly rooting. Gills white, or
cream colour, scarcely rounded behind, not truly decurrent, rather
distant, broad, margin waved. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores
white, elliptical, 7-9 x 5/x. On the ground. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
849. C. opaca (With.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 142. Opaca, shady.
Caespitose, rarely solitary, entirely white. P. 3-7 cm., fleshy, con-
vex, then expanded, umbonate, repand, covered over with a fioccose
lustre. St. 3-8 cm. x 5-8 mm., unequal, flexuose, connate at the base,
subfibrillose. Gills adnato-decurrent, very crowded, 3-4 mm. wide.
Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4/n,
1-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
850. C. occulta Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1133, t. 1184. Occulta, hidden.
P. 5-7 cm., whitish, disc smoky, fleshy, convex, then plane and
depressed, smooth, but innately streaked, or virgate, viscid] margin
whitish. St. 4-6 x 1 cm., white, equal, or slightly expanded into the
p., often curved, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, adnate, very slightly
decurrent, scarcely emarginate, 5 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh white,
thick at the disc, cartilaginous. Spores white. Gregarious. On
charred ground. Nov. Rare.
7. P. attenuated from a fleshy disc towards the margin, at length
infundibuliform, or deeply umbilicate.
*P. coloured, or becoming pallid, innately floccose, or silky,
bibulous, not moist.
C. gigantea (Sow.) Quel. = Paxillus giganteus (Sow.) Fr.
851. C. maxima (Fl. Wett.) Fr. (= Clitocybe geotropa (Bull.) Quel.)
Maxima, greatest.
CLITOCYBE 281
P. 12—30 cm., tan colour, becoming paler, or whitish, fleshy, some-
what flaccid, broadly infundibuliform, gibbous, umbo central, very dry,
becoming silky, or squamulose; margin involute, pubescent. St. 7—
10 x 1 cm., whitish, attenuated upwards, fibrillosely-striate, elastic.
Gills whitish, deeply decurrent, pointed at both ends, somewhat
crowded, soft. Flesh white, thick at the disc, soft. Spores white,
elliptical, 4-6 x 3-4^. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods,
and pastures. July — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
852. C. infundibulifonnis (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 26, no. 61.
Infundibuliformis, funnel-shaped.
P. 3-6 cm., flesh colour, then pale tan, fleshy, moderately firm, con-
vexo-depressed, gibbous with an umbo, at length infundibuliform,
silky, bibulous ; margin at first involute. St. 3-8 cm. x 4-8 mm.,
concolorous, conico-attenuated, rarely equal, firm, elastic; base swollen,
and white tomentose. Gills shining white, very decurrent, somewhat
crowded, very pointed at each end, soft. Flesh white, thick at the disc,
soft. Spores white, ovoid, 6-7 x 6 /A, pointed at the base, punctate,
1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and
pastures. June — Dec. Very common, (v.v.)
var. membranacea (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1135, t. 646.
Membranacea, skinny.
Differs from the type in being thinner in all its parts, in the equal
st., and the brighter coloured, and not umbonate p. Pine woods, and
pastures. June — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
853. C. trullaeformis (Fr.) B. & Br. Tndlaeformis, ladle-shaped.
P. 3—5 cm., fuscous cinereous, fleshy, infundibuliform, flattened at
the margin, always obtuse, flocculosely villous, dry. St. 5 cm. x 8-
10 mm., cinereous, attenuated upwards, firm, elastic, fibrillosely-
striate, base villous. Gills shining white, decurrent, distant, 4-6 mm.
broad, connected by veins. Flesh snow white, equal. Spores white,
elliptical, 6 x 3-4/z, minutely punctate. Borders of fir wood, hedge-
rows, and thickets. Oct. Uncommon.
854. C. incilis Fr. Incilis, incised.
P. 2-5-5 cm., brick-red, fleshy, plano-umbilicate, then infundibuli-
form, silky -flocculose, obtuse ; margin involute, crenate. St. 1-2 cm.
x 4-6 mm., concolorous, attenuated downwards, often compressed,
tough, at first covered with an evanescent, flocculose pruina. Gills
white, becoming pale, decurrent, arcuate, 4-6 mm. broad, distant, often
reticulated with veins. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores white,
elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/u,, 1-guttulate. Smell of new meal, sometimes
absent. Coniferous woods. March — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
282 CLITOCYBE
855. C. sinopica Fr. Sinopica, of Sinope, where red lead is found.
P. 3-5 cm., brick-red, becoming paler, fleshy, piano-depressed,
slightly or deeply umbilicate, then repand, flocculose and bibulous,
then rimosely rivulose and broken up into squamules ; margin undu-
late, silky. St. 3-5 x -5-1 cm., concolorous, equal, firm, flbrillosely
striate. Gills white, becoming yellow, decurrent, arcuate, very crowded,
3-4 mm. broad. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle, thick at the
disc. Spores white, subglobose, 8—9 x 6— 7/z,. Smell strong, of new
meal. Heaths, woods, and burnt ground. May — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
856. C. parilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 48, fig. 6. Parilis, equal.
P. 1-5-3 cm., fuscous, then greyish white, slightly fleshy, convex,
then plane and depressed at the disc, or umbilicate, disc atomate, or
flocculose; margin involute, deflexed. St. 2-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., fuligi-
nous, becoming fuscous grey , tough, equal, smooth. Gills grey, becoming
whitish, deeply decurrent, very crowded, narrow. Flesh greyish, becoming
white. Spores white, oblong, 9 x 3/z, 1-2-guttulate ; "greyish in the
mass, subglobose, 6x 5/>t" Rick. Woods, and hilly pastures. Sept.
— Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**P. coloured, or pallid, glabrous, moist in wet weather.
857. C. gilva Fr. (= Clitocybe subinvoluta Batsch sec. Quel.)
Gilva, pale yellow.
P. 4—10 cm., pale yellowish, fleshy, compact, convex, then depressed,
very obtuse, smooth, dull, moist, polished and shining when dry, often
spotted as with drops; margin very involute, swollen, villose. St.
2-5-5 x 1-2-5 cm., paler than the p., fleshy, subequal, smooth, base
villous. Gills pallid, then ochraceous especially at the edge, decurrent,
thin, narrow, arcuate, often branched and anastomosing. Flesh con-
colorous, compact, at length fragile. Spores white, globose, 4— 6/u,
punctate. Pine woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
858. C. subinvoluta W. G. Sm. non Batsch. Saund. & Sm. t. 36.
Subinvoluta, somewhat rolled in.
P. 5-10 cm., creamy flesh colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, or
depressed, gibbous, or umbonate, leathery, margin incurved. St.
5-10 x 1-5-2 cm., pinkish flesh colour, zoned with spots, attenuated
upwards from the subbulbous base, fibrillose. Gills white, then
yellowish, deeply decurrent, broad, rather crowded. Flesh buff-white,
darker below, thick, firm. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 4-5/n,
1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Pastures, and under
firs. Oct. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
Ag. subinvolutus Batsch = Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. var. sub-
involutus (Batsch) W. G. Sm.
CLITOCYBE 283
C. spinulosa Stev. & Sm. = Clitocybe subinvoluta W. G. Sm.
"Saunders wrongly described the spores as echinulate "
W. G. Sm. in litt.
859. C. geotropa (Bull.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 41, as Agaricus
gilvus. yf), earth; rpoTros, turned.
P. 3-20 cm., tan flesh colour, very fleshy, convex, then piano-de-
pressed, generally gibbous, very smooth, moist in wet weather, when
young spotted as with drops, the spots vanishing with age; margin
involute, thin, pubescent. St. 5-12 x 2-3 cm., white, becoming yellow,
fleshy, slightly attenuated upwards, subfibrillose. Gills white, be-
coming pale, deeply decurrent, 4-6 mm. broad, somewhat crowded.
Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 5-7/1,. Smell and
taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures, often forming large
rings. Sept. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
860. C. splendens (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 55, upper figs.
Splendens, shining.
P. 5-8 cm., pale yellowish,becoming yellow, somewhat fleshy, convex,
then piano-depressed, at length infundibuliform, smooth, shining;
margin reflexed, white, mealy. St. 4-5 x 1-2 cm., white, becoming
light yellow, or ochraceous, equal, or attenuated upwards, elastic,
smooth. Gills white, becoming light yellow, deeply decurrent, thin,
crowded, often forked at the base. Flesh white, becoming concolorous,
thin at the margin. Spores white, subglobose, 4-6 x 4-5/i, 1-guttu-
late, punctate. Smell and taste pleasant. Woods. Sept. — Nov. Un-
common, (v.v.)
861. C. inversa (Scop.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 60, figs. 6-8.
Inversa, inverted.
P. 5-8 cm., brick colour, or liver-rufescent, fleshy, somewhat fragile,
convexo-plane, obtuse, then infundibuliform and undulated, very
smooth, moist when fresh, sloping towards the margin, sometimes
excentric. St. 4-6 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, compressed, cuticle rigid,
somewhat rooted and white villous at base. Gills whitish, becoming
reddish at the edge, decurrent, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh of the
same colour as the p. but paler, thin, rigid, fragile. Spores white, globose,
4jii, minutely echinulate, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste acid. Coniferous
woods. Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
862. C. flaccida (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 185.
Flaccida, flabby.
P. 5-8 cm., tawny ferruginous, shining, not becoming pale, slightly
fleshy, tough, orbicular, flaccid especially when dry, umbilicate, then
infundibuliform, smooth, rarelv rimuloso-squamulose ; margin spread-
ing, slightly convex. St. 2-5-5 x -5-1 cm., rubiginous ferruginous,
284 CLITOCYBE
elastic, tough, subequal, polished, base thickened and villous. Gills
whitish, becoming yellow especially at the edge, deeply almost obconico-
decurrent, very arcuate, very crowded, narrow, 1-2 mm. broad. Flesh
pallid, thin, fragile when fresh, flaccid when dry. Spores white,
globose, 3-4/x, minutely warted, 1-guttulate. Woods, and heaths,
often forming rings. Sept. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. lobata (Sow.) Cke. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 186. Lobata, lobed.
Differs from the type in its more caespitose habit, in the darker colour,
the lobed, or contorted margin of the p., and the st. thickened upwards.
Woods, and heaths. Sept. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
863. C. vermicularis Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 49.
Vermicular is, belonging to a little worm.
P. 2-4 cm., deep flesh colour, then tan flesh colour, slightly fleshy,
umbilicato-convex, then expanded and infundibuliform, undulato-
lobed, smooth, moist, slightly hygrophanous ; margin involute,
pruinosely tomentose. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., whitish, equal, often
compressed and curved, fibrillosely striate, apex mealy and often
surrounded by a floccose zone, base white tomentose and arising from
stout, palmately branched, strigose mycelia. Grills white, then cream
colour, edge ochraceous, slightly decurrent, attenuated, or obtuse at
the base, very crowded, easily separating from the hymenophore,
thin. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x Sp. Smell
slight, of new meal. Taste somewhat acid. Edible. Coniferous woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
864. C. senilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 56, fig. 1. Sentiis, aged.
P. 4-8 cm., dingy fuscous tan, or brown becoming paler, fleshy -
membranaceous, flaccid, disc depressed, soon infundibuliform, smooth,
concentrically cracked; margin spreading. St. 4-5 x -5-1 cm., whitish,
equal, often ascending, smooth. Gills whitish, then concolorous with
the p., deeply decurrent, linear, narrow, very crowded. Flesh white,
thin, flaccid. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6 x 3-4/u,, 1-guttulate. Woods,
and lawns. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
***P. shining white.
865. C. catinus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 51, fig. 4. Catinus, a bowl.
P. 5-8 cm., white, becoming discoloured with age, fleshy, plane,
then infundibuliform, always obtuse, smooth. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm.,
white, elastic, tough; base thickened and tomentose. Gills white, de-
current, straight, descending, broad, not much crowded. Flesh white,
thin, flaccid. Spores white, pip-shaped, 4—5 x 3 /A, minutely punctate.
Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and among dead leaves.
Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
CLITOCYBE 285
866. C. tuba Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 164, t. 112. Tuba, a trumpet.
Entirely white. P. 5-8 cm., fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, umbilicate,
dead white when moist, shining whitish when dry, smooth, slightly silky
when young. St. 2-5—5 cm. x 5-6 mm., very tough, equal, at length
compressed, smooth. Gills becoming pale, deeply decurrent, horizontal,
very crowded, 6 mm. broad. Spores white, elliptical, 4—5 x 2-3 fj,,
"punctate" Quel. Smell none, or of new meal. Coniferous woods.
Oct. — Nov. Uncommon.
867. C. ericetorum (BuU.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 113.
Ericetorum, of heaths.
P. 2—5 cm., shining white, becoming slightly yellowish with age, some-
what fleshy, convex, then umbilicate and cup-shaped, smooth, at
length striate; margin undulate, or lobed. St. 2— 3 cm. x 4— 5 mm.,
white, attenuated downwards, sometimes compressed, pubescent.
Gills white, more or less decurrent, subdistant, often connected by veins.
Flesh white, thin, firm. Spores white, oval, 4-5 x 2-5-3/A, sparsely
and minutely rough. Smell pleasant, like Anthoxanthum odoratum.
Taste somewhat acrid. Edible. Heaths, and lawns. Sept. — Nov.
Eather uncommon, (v.v.)
B. P. fleshy-membranaceous, truly hygrophanous.
B. P. thin, depressed, then cup-shaped. Colour dingy when moist.
868. C. cyathiformis (Bull.) Fr. KvaOo*;, a cup; forma, shape.
P. 2-7 cm., fuscous cinereous, or dark bistre, becoming paler when
dry, slightly fleshy, piano-depressed, then cup-shaped, often undu-
lated, somewhat shining when moist, opaque when dry, very hygro-
phanous; margin persistently incurved. St. 5-10 cm. x 6-9 mm., con-
colorous, or paler, elastic, attenuated upwards, fibrillosely-reticulated,
base white villous. Gills cinereous fuscous, adnate, or decurrent,
connate at the base, distant, sometimes branched. Flesh concolorous,
watery, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 10-11 x 5-6 /*, punctate.
Smell pleasant, or none. Edible. Woods, pastures, rarely on rotten
wood. Aug. — Feb. Common, (v.v.)
var. cinerascens (Batsch) Fr. (= Clitocybe cinerascens (Batsch)
W. G. Sm.) Cinerascens, becoming ash-coloured.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the plane then depressed
p., and yellowish gills. Autumn. Uncommon.
869. C. expallens (Pers.) Fr. (= Clitocybe vibecina Fr. sec. Quel.)
Expallens, becoming pale.
P. 2-5 cm., cinereous fuscous, becoming whitish, at first sprinkled
with white-silky dew, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, then
plano-infundibuliform, somewhat zoned when dry; margin mem-
286 CLITOCYBE
branaceous, striate, soon expanded. St. 4-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish,
tough, equal, smooth, apex white-silky. Gills greyish, decurrent, acute
at both ends, thin, subdistant, soft. Flesh greyish, thin. Spores
white, "broadly elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 ft, smooth" Rick. Taste mild.
Edible. Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
870. C. albo-cinerea Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 8.
Albus, white; cinerea, ash-coloured.
P. 2-3 cm., cinereous fuscous, becoming pale, fleshy, convexo-um-
bilicate, then expanded and cup-shaped, silky; margin involute.
St. 5-6 cm. x 3-5 mm., white, equal, smooth, base white-tomentose.
Gills white, decurrent, narrow, 1-2 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white,
thin, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 5—6 x 4/x,, minutely punctate.
Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Sept. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
871. C. obbata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 57, fig. 1. Obbata, a kind of cup.
P. 2-3 cm., fuscous blackish, or cinereous, becoming very pale when
dry, submembranaceous, convexo-plane, with a broadly umbilicate disc,
smooth, striate to the middle. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., fuscous cinereous,
equal, often compressed, ascending, or flexuose, striate with white,
base often subbulbous. Gills dark, cinereous, slightly decurrent, distant,
broad. Flesh ochraceous, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical,
9-10 x 6-7 /x. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Sept. —
Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
872. C. pruinosa (Lasch) Fr. (= Omphalia litua Fr. sec. Quel.)
Pruinosa, rimy.
P. 2-5-5 cm., brown, becoming cinereous, hygrophanous, fleshy-
membranaceous, umbilicate, and covered with a lead-grey pruina, then
broadly infundibuliform and smooth, sometimes squamulose. St.
2-5-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, or paler, equal, often ascending,
or curved, fibrillose. Gills white, then dingy, or bistre, decurrent,
crowded, narrow, arcuate, then scythe-shaped. Flesh becoming cinere-
ous, thin. Spores "6-8 x 2-4/x" ex Britz. in Sacc. (1915). Taste mild.
Edible. Pine woods, and on rotten wood. Nov. — Dec. Rare.
873. C. concava (Scop.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 57, fig. 2.
Concava, hollowed out.
P. 3-5 cm., fuliginous, then cinereous, or hoary-clay, hygrophanous,
slightly fleshy, very thin, flaccid, plano-convex, widely and deeply
umbilicate, then wholly concave, the convexo-plane border undulated,
smooth; margin even. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-8 mm., cinereous, tough,
equal, smooth, base attenuated. Gills dark fuliginous, then greyish,
decurrent, arcuate, very crowded, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh pallid, tough,
very thin. Spores "greenish, ovoid, 8-12 x 6-8/u," Sacc. Coni-
ferous woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
CLITOCYBE 287
874. C. suaveolens (Schum.) Fr. (= Clitocybefragrans Sow. sec. Quel.)
Suaveolens, sweet smelling.
P. 2-3 cm., white when moist with the disc darker, becoming pure
white when dry, fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, then depressed, often
umbilicate and somewhat infundibuliform, discoid, smooth; margin
pellucidly striate, at length reflexed. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., white,
becoming pinkish, elastic, base swollen and villous. Gills whitish, then
discoloured, adnato-decurrent, crowded, thin. Flesh white, thin. Spores
white, "elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4 /z" Kick. Smell very pleasant, of aniseed.
Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, especially coniferous. Sept. — Dec.
Uncommon.
875. C. brumalis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 170, t. 114.
Brumalis, pertaining to winter.
P. 3—5 cm., livid when moist, becoming whitish, and at length yellowish
when dry, disc generally darker, fleshy-membranaceous, convex, um-
bilicate, reflexed at the circumference, then infundibuliform, often
irregular and undulated, smooth. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-8 mm., greyish,
then whitish, equal, or slightly thickened at the apex, at length com-
pressed, somewhat incurved, smooth, elastic, base white- villous.
Gills livid, becoming yellowish, or whitish, decurrent, arcuate, then
descending, 2 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores
white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3/i, 1-guttulate. Smell faint, pleasant. Taste
pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Jan. Common, (v.v.)
e. P. rather fleshy, convex then flattened, or depressed, polished.
Colour dingy, or becoming pale.
*Gills becoming cinereous.
876. C. orbiformis Fr. Orbiformis, round-shaped.
P. 4-5 cm., greyish fuliginous, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, very
obtuse, orbicular, scarcely depressed, smooth, hygrophanous ; margin
spreading, finally striate. St. 6-8 cm. x 8-10 mm., grey, attenuated
upwards from the villous, thickened base, elastic, fibrillosely striate.
Gills whitish, then greyish, adnate, subdecurrent, plane, horizontal,
little crowded. Flesh thin. Spores white, ovoid, "6-7 x 3-4ju," Sacc.
Pine woods. Sept. — Nov. Kare.
877. C. metachroa (Fr.) Berk.
/*era, change; %pa>9, colour of the skin.
P. 2-8 cm., fuscous cinereous, then livid, whitish when dry, slightly
fleshy, convex, and subumbonate, soon plane, or depressed; margin
finally slightly striate. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., grey, equal, often com-
pressed, tough, cuticle horny, fibrous, apex white-mealy. Gills whitish
cinereous, adnate, scarcely decurrent, crowded, linear, plane, thin.
288 CLITOCYBE
Flesh greyish, becoming whitish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-
shaped, 6 x 3/u,, 1-guttulate. Pine woods. Aug. — Nov. Common.
(v.v.)
878. C. incana Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 5. Incana, hoary.
P. 3—5 cm., mouse grey, margin white, convexo-plane, then depressed,
hygrophanous, pruinose. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., pearl grey, straight,
or slightly curved, base white floccose. Gills greyish, becoming some-
what ochraceous, decurrent with a tooth, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh
greyish, soft, thin. Spores white, globose, 3/j.. Amongst fir needles.
Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
879. C. pausiaca Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 58, fig. 2. Pausiaca, olive colour.
P. 2-5-4 cm., cinereous, then olivaceous, becoming somewhat ochra-
ceous when dry, fleshy, thin, convex, sometimes umbonate, then plane
and depressed, hygrophanous, silky hoary when young, then smooth.
St. 5-7 cm. x 3-6 mm., concolorous, tough, equal, striate, often un-
dulated, apex white pruinose. Gills olivaceous, or brownish, obtusely
adnate, very broad behind, very crowded, semicircular. Flesh ochra-
ceous, thin. Spores white, globose, 3— 4yn, 1-guttulate. Smell weak,
frumentaceous. Pine woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
880. C. ditopus Fr. SITTOS, double; TTOU?, foot.
P. 5-6 cm., cinereous, drying deep ochre from the centre outwards,
somewhat fleshy, tough, convexo-plane, obtuse, then inverted, in-
fundibuliform, and often undulato-lobed. St. 3-5 cm. x 5-15 mm.,
pale cinereous, compressed, equal, naked, often very white floccose at the
basal half of the st. Gills dark cinereous, adnate, crowded, thin, at length
turned upwards, and divergent in the lobes, often undulate. Flesh
greyish, then white, thin. Spores white, globose, 3-4^. Smell strong,
of new meal. Woods, and amongst dead leaves. Sept. — Nov. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
**Gills whitish.
881. C. diatreta Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 173, t. 232.
SiarprfTos, pierced through.
P. 2-3 cm., flesh colour, then tan colour, slightly fleshy, tough, con-
vex, regular, obtuse, then piano-depressed, often flexuose, becoming
flaccid, smooth, hygrophanous; margin white, incurved, pruinose.
St. 3-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., pallid, elastic, flexile, equal, round, smooth,
villose at the base. Gills whitish flesh colour, then whitish, adnate,
sharp pointed behind, decurrent with a tooth, 2 mm. broad, crowded.
Flesh concolorous, becoming whitish, thin. Spores white, elliptical,
7-8 x Qfj,, often pointed at one end, 1-guttulate. Coniferous woods.
Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
CLITOCYBE 289
882. C. fragrans (Sow.) Fr. (= Clitocybe suaveokns (Schum.) Fr. sec.
Quel.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 10. Fragrans, scented.
P. 2-5 cm., watery pallid when moist, whitish when dry, of one colour,
not darker at the disc, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, or sub-
depressed smooth ; margin slightly striate when moist. St. 5-7 cm.
x 4—6 mm., concolorous, or yellowish, equal, elastic, smooth, apex
obsoletely pruinose, base very often villous. Gills whitish, adnate,
sharp-pointed behind, subdecurrent, rather crowded, broader than the
flesh of the p. Flesh white, watery, thin. Spores white, elliptical,
6-7 x 4/i. Smell and taste very pleasant, of aniseed. Edible. Woods,
and pastures. July — Jan. Common, (v.v.)
883. C. angustissima (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 59.
Angustissima, very narrow.
P. 3-5 cm., cream, or flesh coloured, shining whitish when dry, fleshy,
thin, piano-depressed, smooth; margin spreading, slightly striate
when old. St. 5-7 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, often curved, or
flexuose, internally fibrous, base sometimes pubescent. Gills white,
subdecurrent, very crowded, narrow, thin. Flesh whitish, very thin,
moderately firm. Spores white, elliptical, 3-4 x 2-3/z. Woods, and
amongst leaves. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
884. C. obsoleta (Batsch) Fr. Obsoleta, worn out.
P. 2-3 cm., grey, or cream colour, soon turning whitish, clay white
when dry, sometimes inclining to flesh colour, somewhat fleshy, soft,
convex, or gibbous, then plane, or depressed, hygrophanous, smooth.
St. 5 cm. x 6-8 mm., whitish, elastic, tough, round, often compressed,
equal, smooth, apex pruinose. Gills greyish, then whitish, obtusely
adnate, almost rounded behind, then adnato-decurrent, broad, crowded.
Flesh whitish, thin, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4-5/z. Smell
faint, pleasant. Coniferous woods, and amongst grass and leaves.
Oct. — Nov. Uncommon.
£. P. deformed, more or less squamulose.
885. C. ectypa Fr. (= Collybia ectypa (Fr.) QueL) Fr. Icon. t. 59, fig. 1.
e«TV7ro5, wrought in relief.
P. 4-7-5 cm., dingy, or light yellow honey colour, then rufescent, or
brownish, fleshy, somewhat thin, convex, then rather plane, or de-
pressed, disc streaked with innate fibrils radiating from the centre, as if
sprinkled with soot, or squamulose; margin very thin, striate. St.
5-10 x -5-1 cm., dingy light yellow, then olivaceous, becoming black at
the often bulbous base, elastic, equal. Gills white, soon pale, then spotted
rufous, somewhat mealy, adnate, or decurrent with a rather delicate
tooth, distant, often connected by veins. Flesh pallid straw colour, thin
at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 9 x 6-7 p, 1-guttulate. Smell
E. B. B. 19
290 CLITOCYBE. LACCARIA
pleasant, of aniseed, at length, foetid. Meadows, damp places, and
peat bogs. June — Dec. Eare.
C. Sadleri B. & Br. = Hypholoma fasciculate (Huds.) Fr.
Spores white; hymenium pulverulent.
Laccaria B. & Br.
(Lac, a resinous excretion left by the lac insect.)
Pileus fleshy, regular, or irregular. Stem central, externally fibrous.
Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, pulverulent. Spores white, glo-
bose, or elliptical, echinulate, or verrucose. Growing on the ground,
and on wood.
886. L. laccata (Scop.) B. & Br. (= Clitocybe laccata (Scop.) Fr.;
CollyUa laccata (Scop.) Quel.) Cke. lUus. no. 179, t. 139, figs.
coloured red, as Clitocybe laccata Scop.
Lac, the exudation from the lac insect.
P. 3-5 cm., rufous flesh colour when moist, ochraceous when dry,
fleshy, convex, then rather plane, more or less umbilicato-depressed,
dry, very hygrophanous, becoming pale in drying, the cuticle often
breaking up into mealy squamules, or somewhat silky, sometimes un-
dulato-crisped and irregularly shaped. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-10 mm.,
concolorous, tough, fibrous, equal, often flexuose, or twisted, fibrillose,
base white villous. Gills flesh colour, then white mealy, adnate with a
decurrent tooth, very broad, distant, plane, thick. Flesh concolorous,
somewhat thin, firm in the st. Spores white, globose, 8-9 p, echinulate.
Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate-vermiform, 50-60 x 9-12/t" Rick.
Taste mild. Edible. Heaths, and woods. June — Dec. Very common.
(«,*)
var. proxima (Boud.) Maire. Boud. Icon. t. 60, as Laccaria proxima
Boud. Proxima, very near.
Differs from the type in its brighter colour, and the larger elliptical
spores, 10-15 x 6-7/x,, minutely echinulate1. Heaths, and woods.
Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. amethystina (Vaill.) B. & Br. Amethystina, amethyst colour.
Differs from the type in the whole of the plant, including the flesht
being of a beautiful deep violet colour, becoming paler when dry. Woods,
and pastures. June — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
887. L. tortilis (Bolt.) Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 59. Tortilis, twisted.
P. 1-2-5 cm., pale rose, or slightly yellowish, striate to the deeper
coloured disc, membranaceous, thin, convex, then plane and depressed ;
1 Both elliptical and globose spores have been found on the same plant.
LACCABIA. HYGROPHORUS 291
margin often undulate. St. 1-2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., reddish yellow, or
•pale, equal, or attenuated downwards, slightly fibrillose. Gills con-
colorous, becoming white mealy, adnate, with a very slight tooth, broad,
often connected by veins. Flesh, pinkish, very thin. Spores white,
globose, 8-10/z, echinulate. Charcoal heaps, roadsides, and bare soil
in woods. Aug. — Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
888. L. bella (Pers.) B. & Br. (= Clitocybe bella (Pers.) Fr. ; Collybia
bella (Pers.) Quel.) Bella, lovely.
P. 3-5 cm., dark yellow, or golden, sometimes rufescent, sprinkled
with darker, or orange coloured squamules, becoming pale, somewhat
fleshy, pliant, convex, then expanded, depressed at the disc, then
undulato-repand. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., bright yellow, or becoming
yellow, tough, equal, fibrous, rivulose with the fibrils. Gills yellow, then
rufescent and white mealy, adnate, then decurrent with a tooth, very
broad, distant, connected by veins, sometimes branched. Spores white,
subglobose, 7 x 5-7^,, minutely warted. Smell foetid. On decaying
coniferous stumps. Sept. Rare.
889. L. nana Massee. Massee, Kew Bull. (1913), t. to face p. 195,
figs. 17-20. vdvvos, dwarf.
P. 1 cm., livid cinnamon, becoming paler, somewhat fleshy, hemi-
spherical, then plane and concave, smooth; margin at first covered
with white meal. St. 1 cm., white, fibrillose. Gills pale, at length
white mealy, adnate, attenuated at the base, rather distant. Spores
white, globose, 15-16//,, echinulate. Naked soil under trees.
Spores white; hymenium waxy.
Hygrophorus Fr.
(£7/905, moist; </>epo>, I bear.)
Pileus fleshy, regular, viscid, or dry. Stem central, fleshy. Gills
decurrent, or adnato-decurrent. Spores white, very rarely slightly
coloured, elliptical, oval, globose, clavate, pip-shaped, or oblong-
elliptical, smooth, continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing
on the ground, very rarely on wood.
I. Universal veil viscid, with occasionally a floccose partial one,
which is annular, or marginal. St. clothed with scales, or more
frequently rough with dots above. Gills adnato-decurrent.
*White, or yellowish white.
890. H. chrysodon Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 872, t. 885.
Xpucro9, gold; oSou?, a tooth.
P. 5-7 cm., white, or yellowish, covered with evanescent, yellow,
floccose squamules, which are more permanent at the involute margin,
19—2
292 HYGROPHORUS
convex, then plane, viscid. St. 5-7-5 x 1-1-5 cm., white, covered with
minute, light yellow squamules, which form a zone at the apex. Gills
white, somewhat yellowish at the edge, adnate, or decurrent, broad, dis-
tant, sometimes crisped. Flesh white, sometimes reddish. Spores
white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3p. Smell pleasant, taste mild. Edible. Oak,
and beech woods. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. leucodon (A. & S.) Fr. Xev/co9, white; 0801;?, a tooth.
Differs from the type in having white squamules.
891. H. eburneus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 873, t. 886.
Eburneus, ivory white.
Entirely shining white, becoming yellowish with age. P. 3-10 cm.,
convexo-plane, somewhat repand, very glutinous, margin involute, at
first pubescent. St. 3-8 x 1-1-5 cm., glutinous, rough at the apex with
dots in the form of squamules, unequal. Gills decurrent, distant, veined
at the base. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4/z. Smell not unpleasant,
taste mild. Woods, and pastures. Aug.— Nov. Common, (v.v.)
892. H. cossus (Sow.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 30.
Cossus ligniperda, the Goat moth.
P. 4-8 cm., white, disc ochraceous, convexo-plane, then expanded
and depressed, umbonate, very viscid. St. 5-10 cm. x 5-12 mm.,
white, or becoming tinged with yellow, viscid, equal, or slightly attenu-
ated at the base, furfuraceous and granular at the apex. Gills white,
decurrent, distant, thick, connected by veins. Spores white, oval,
8-9 x 5-6/M, 1-guttulate. Smell strong, like that of the larva of
Cossus ligniperda. Woods, and under conifers. Aug. — Nov. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
893. H. melizeus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 165, fig. 3. fie\i, honey.
Internally and externally becoming yellowish tan. P. 2-5-4 cm., disc
fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, often repand, viscid ; margin thin,
at first pubescent. St. 7-8 cm. x 6-10 mm., attenuated downwards,
subfusiform, apex rough with innate, fioccose, white granules. Gills
deeply decurrent, distant, connected by veins. "Spores elliptic-
oblong, apiculate, creamy- white, 10 x 5 /A" Mass. & Crossl. Smell
pleasant. Woods. Nov. Uncommon.
894. H. discoxanthus (Fr.) Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 3.
&107CO9, disc; %av06$, yellow.
P. 4-6 cm., white, then yellowish, deeper coloured at the centre, the
extreme margin becoming brownish with age, viscid, convex, then
expanded and revolute, disc depressed. St. 3-4 cm. x 6-12 mm.,
soon becoming reddish brown, apex white farinaceous, viscid, gradu-
ally attenuated downwards, often curved. Gills white, then yellowish,
HYGROPHORUS 293
edge turning reddish when bruised, and then finally reddish brown,
especially towards the margin of the pileus. Flesh white, becoming red-
dish in the stem. Spores white, pruniform, apiculate, 6-7 x 4/u,,
1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, like aniseed. Parks, and pastures. Sept.
— Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
895. H. penarius Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 48.
Penarius, for provisions.
P. 7-10 cm., white, then tan colour, opaque, umbonate, then obtuse,
hemispherical, then flattened, generally dry, hard; margin at first
involute, exceeding the gills, undulate when flattened. St. 4 cm.
x 12 mm. at apex, pale white, often yellowish at the base, compact,
hard, attenuated at the base into a fusiform root, ventricose to the neck,
then attenuated upwards, or wholly fusiform-attenuated, smeared
with tenacious easily dried slime, scabrous. Gills white, or tan, adnato-
decurrent, distant, thick, 6-8 mm. broad, rigid, veined. Flesh white,
compact, thick. Spores white, "ovate-spherical or ovate-oblong,
7-8 x 3-4/A" Sacc. Smell pleasant, taste sweet. Edible. Oak woods.
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
896. H. pulverulentus B. & Br. Quel. Soc. sc. n. de Rouen (1879),
t. 3, fig. 9. Pulverulentus, dusted.
P. 8-18 mm., shining white, pulvinate, viscous; margin involute,
tomentose. St. 18 x 2-4 mm., white, wholly powdered with rose-
coloured meal, nearly equal, attenuated at the extreme base. Gills
whitish, decurrent, thick, obtuse at the edge. Spores white, globose,
7/u,. Amongst pine leaves. Nov. — Dec. Rare.
**Reddish.
897. H. russula (Schaeff.) Quel. (- Tricholoma russula Fr.) Cke.
Illus. no. 1116, t. 926, as Tricholoma russula Schaeff.
Russula, reddish.
P. 10-20 cm., flesh colour, or purplish with deeper coloured streaks,
paler and whitish at the tomentose margin, viscid, gibbous, convexo-
plane, then depressed. St. 6-12 x 1-2 cm., white, stained reddish,
apex white, farinaceous. Gills whitish, then spotted with bright red,
sinuate, or emarginate, thin, rather crowded. Flesh white. Spores
white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5fi or 6-7 x 4-5/n, slightly depressed on
one side, with a large central gutta. Taste sweet, or slightly bitter. In
deciduous woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
898. H. erubescens Fr. (= Limacium rubescens (Pers.).) Cke. Illus.
no. 876, t. 888. Erubescens, becoming red.
P. 5-10 cm., whitish, spotted with rose, slightly viscid, gibbous, then
convexo-plane. St. 5-8 x 2 cm., whitish stained reddish, tinged yellowish
294 HYGROPHORUS
when bruised, or rubbed, equal, or attenuated at the base. Gills
whitish, washed with flesh colour, decurrent, somewhat distant. Flesh
yellowish. Spores white, elliptical, 8-11 x 6/x., with a large central
gutta. Taste bitter, then sometimes slightly acrid. Coniferous woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
899. H. pudorinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 877, t. 911.
Pudorinus, modest.
P. 5-9 cm., bright reddish flesh colour, disc deeper coloured, convex,
then depressed, viscid; margin white, pubescent. St. 5-8 x 1-5-3 cm.,
white, or flesh colour, firm, viscid; apex contracted, rough withfloccose
granules. Gills white, flesh colour near the edge, adnate, wide, thick,
often crisped. Flesh white, rose colour under the cuticle of the pileus.
Spores white, elliptical, 6—7 x 4-5/z. Smell very pleasant, taste
sweet. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
900. H. glutinifer Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 878, t. 889.
Gluten, glne;fero, I bear.
P. 5—9 cm., rufescent, whitish round the margin, convexo-expanded,
thin with the exception of the gibbous disc, pellicle glutinous, disc
wrinkled dotted. St. 7-10 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, apex white-
squamulose, somewhat elastic, ventricose downwards, with a viscid veil.
Gills shining white, or pale grey, arcuato-decurrent, rather thick.
Spores white, clavate, 9-10 x 7/t, 3-guttulate. Taste mild. Woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
901. H. persicinus Beck. Persicinus, pertaining to a peach.
P. 5 cm., peach colour, or somewhat orange, conical, then hemi-
spherical, shining, even; margin incurved. St. 10 x 2cm., pale
lilac-peach colour, base yellowish, constricted below the gills. Gills
fuscescent, adnato-decurrent, edge very obtuse. Spores 15-20 x 5— 6)ti.
Amongst grass in woods. Rare.
***Tawny, or light yellow.
902. H. arbustivus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 879, t. 896, fig. A.
Arbustivus, belonging to plantations.
P. 3-10 cm., slightly tawny-brick colour, paler round the pubescent
margin, convexo-plane, obtuse, umbonate, somewhat repand, viscid,
disc streaked with innate fibrils. St. 4-9 cm. x 6-15 mm., pale white,
elastic, cylindrical, viscid, apex covered with white, free, mealy granules.
Gills white, adnate, scarcely decurrent, distant, thick. Spores white,
elliptical, 8 x 4-5/z, 2-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible.
Woods. Sept. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
HYGROPHORUS 295
903. H. discoideus (Pers.) Fr. Gonn. & Rabenh. vm-ix, t. 10, fig. 4.
Ster/eo9, disc; etSo?, like.
P. 2-5-6 cm., pale yellowish inclining to pale, disc darker, somewhat
ferruginous, campanulate, then plane, obtusely umbonate, very glutinous.
St. 4-6 cm. x 6-10 mm., pale white, viscid, fiocculose, apex with white
dots. Gills pale yellowish white, or flesh colour, adnate, decurrent, dis-
tant, soft. Flesh under the cuticle of the umbo ferruginous, yellowish
white, or flesh colour elsewhere. Spores white, elliptical, 6-9 x 5/x,
1-guttulate. Woods. Oct. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
904. H. aureus (Arrh.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 166, fig. 2. Aureus, golden.
P. 2-4 cm., bright golden yellow, becoming reddish, convex, then
plane, glutinous. St. 4—6 cm. x 6 mm., becoming tawny, apex white
pruinose above the glutinous, ring-like, fugacious, tawny-reddish veil.
Gills white, or yellowish, adnato-decurrent, distant. Flesh white, or
pale ochraceous. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6/z. Woods. Nov.
Rare.
905. H. aromaticus (Sow.) Berk. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 144.
apcofjMTiKos, fragrant.
P. 5-8 cm., cinnamon, convex, then expanded and plane, very
fragile, glutinous, the gluten in drying sometimes contracting and
forming raised, anastomosing ribs. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous,
sub-equal. Gills white, with a pink tinge, slightly decurrent, 2-3 mm.
broad. Flesh bruising blackish. Smell spicy, taste like peppermint,
acrid. Amongst grass. Rare.
****01ivaceous umber.
H. latitabundus Britz. = Hygrophorus Clarkii (B. & Br.) W. G. Sm.
906. H. limacinus Fr. Saund. & Sm. t. 28. Limacinus, slimy.
P. 4—6 cm., disc umber, then fuliginous, margin paler, convex, then
plane, obtuse, viscid. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, greyish, or bistre,
firm, ventricose, viscid, fiocculose, fibrilloso-striate, apex squamulose.
Gills white inclining to cinereous, or yellowish, adnate, then decurrent,
subdistant. Flesh firm, white. Spores white, elliptical, 12 x 8/x.
Amongst leaves in woods. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
907. H. squamulosus Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 6.
Squamulosus, covered with little scales.
P. 5—7 cm., yellow olivaceous, disc fuscous, convex, then expanded,
subumbonate, glutinous, floccosely squamulose beneath the gluten,
tomentose at the incurved margin over the base of the gills. St. 6-
8 x 1-5—2 cm., concolorous, apex white, mealy, equal, or enlarged
downwards, glutinous. Gills white, 5-10 mm. wide, sinuato-adnate,
296 HYGROPHORUS
margin irregular, somewhat crowded. Flesh whitish, becoming yellow-
ish towards the lower half of the stem. Spores white, globose, 3-5-4
x 3-5/a. Smell and taste pleasant. Amongst short grass. Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
908. H. olivaceo-albus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 31.
Olivaceus, olivaceous; albus, white.
P. 3-10 cm., olivaceous-fuscous, becoming pale especially towards the
margin, at first acorn-shaped, then expanded, umbonate, at length de-
pressed round the umbo, glutinous and often forming tear-like drops
at the margin, which becomes striate when old. St. 5-13 cm. x 6-
15 mm., white, sheathed with the squamulose, spotted, fuscous, viscid
veil which terminates at the apex in the form of a ring, equal, or
attenuated at the base, apex shining white. Gills white, or olivaceous
from the gluten, decurrent, distant, broad, connected by veins at the
base. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/z, 2-guttulate.
Woods, especially of conifers. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. obesus Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 92. Obesus, stout.
Differs from the type in having a thick, squat stem. Pine woods.
Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
909. H. hypothejus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 32.
VTTO, under; Oeiov, brimstone.
P. 3-6 cm., at first covered with olivaceous gluten, cinereous when the
gluten disappears, becoming pale and yellowish, orange, or rarely (when
rotting) rufescent, convex, then depressed, obtuse, somewhat streaked.
St. 5-10 cm. x 4—10 mm., whitish, becoming yellowish, equal, viscid,
rarely spotted with the veil ; partial veil floccose, at the first cortinate
and annular, soon fugacious. Gills pallid, soon yellow, sometimes flesh
colour, decurrent, distant. Flesh white, then light yellow. Spores white,
elliptic-oblong, 10-11 x 4-5jn, 1-many-guttulate. Woods, and heaths,
under conifers. Sept. — Jan. Common, (v.v.)
var. expallens Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 33. Expallens, becoming pale.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, paler colour, and decreased
viscidity. Under pines. Nov. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
910. H. cerasinus Berk. (= Hygrophorus agathosmus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 884, t. 898. Cerasus Laurocerasus, the cherry laurel.
P. 4—6 cm., pale umber, then grey, convex, broadly umbonate, often
more or less undulate, sometimes depressed, viscid, shining when dry ;
margin minutely tomentose. St. 2-5-8 x 1 cm., white, attenuated
below, sometimes ventricose, punctato-squamulose above. Gills
HYGBOPHOBUS 297
white, tinged with pink, decurrent, broad, sometimes forked, very
distant. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4 /A. Smell like that of cherry
laurel leaves. Fir woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
*****Fuscous cinereous, or livid.
911. H. fusco-albus Fr. Fuscus, dark; albus, white.
P. 4-8 cm., fuscous, then cinereous, convexo-plane, then depressed,
moderately firm, viscid ; margin white-floccose. St. 5-12 cm. x 8-
15 mm., white, equal, when dry white-floccose at the apex. Gills snow-
white, decurrent, broad, rather thick. Flesh greyish white. Spores
white, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 5/t, 1-guttulate. Woods, and amongst grass
under conifers. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
912. H. agathosmus Fr. (= Hygrophorus cerasinus Berk. sec. Quel.)
Gonn. & Rabenh. vm-ix, t. 11, fig. 4.
dya66s, good; 007477, scent.
P. 4-7 cm., livid grey, unicolorous, dotted with minute, raised,
crowded, viscid, pellucid, whitish papillae, convex, then plane, gibbous,
viscid ; margin at first involute, villose, at length reflexed, and undu-
lated. St. 5—12 cm. x 6-15 mm., white, equal, or slightly thickened
downwards, somewhat fibrillosely striate, granularly farinose at the
apex, the squamules at length becoming cinereous. Gills shining white,
decurrent, distant, 6-8 mm. wide, soft, somewhat veined at the base.
Flesh watery whitish, soft. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 4— 5/u..
Smell very pleasant. Coniferous woods. Sept. — Nov. Not uncom-
mon, (v.v.)
913. H. pustulatus (Pers.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 13.
Pustulatus, blistered.
P. 2-5 cm., livid grey, disc fuscous, broken up into papillae, convex,
then expanded, umbonate, viscid. St. 3*5— 4-5 cm. x 5-13 mm., white,
rough with black points, equal, or fusiform. Gills white, sometimes
glaucous, adnato-decurrent, 5-6 mm. wide, distant, soft. Spores
white, ovoid pruniform, 8-9 x 5/x. Fir woods. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
914. H. mesotephrus B. & Br.
/ieo-09, middle; Tempos, ash-coloured.
P. 2-3 cm., white, disc brown, convex, somewhat hemispherical,
viscid, striate, the extreme margin often remaining quite even. St.
5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, often stained yellowish, flexuose, attenuated
at the base, viscid, floccoso-granulated at the apex. Gills pure white,
shortly decurrent, moderately broad, ventricose, rather distant.
Flesh white, hygrophanous. Spores white, elliptical, somewhat pointed
at the one end, 9 x 6/i. Woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
298 HYGROPHORT7S
915. H. livido-albus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 888, t. 915.
Lividus, livid; albus, white.
P. 4-7 cm., livid, umbo bistre, with darker streaks, convex, viscid.
St. 6-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., grey, becoming yellowish downwards, equal,
or attenuated at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills shining white,
decurrent, distant. Flesh greyish when moist, white when dry, often
tinged with yellow in the stem. Spores white, elliptical, 10-11 x 5-6 jit,
multi-guttulate. Woods. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
II. Veil none. St. even, smooth, or fibrillose, not rough with dots.
P. firm, opaque, moist in rainy weather, not viscous. Gills
distant, arcuate.
*Gills deeply, and at length obconically decurrent.
916. H. camarophyllus (A. & S.) Fr. (= Hygrophorus caprinus (Scop.)
Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 889, t. 916, as Hygrophorus caprinus Scop.
tca^dpa, a vault; <j)v\\ov, a leaf.
P. 3-10 cm., blackish-fuliginous, or blackish, at length cinereous-
fuliginous, but varying azure-blue, convex, then plane and depressed,
sometimes more or less umbonate, especially when young, firm, moist,
or dry, more or less radiately streaked with innate fibrils, pellicle hardly
separable ; margin at first white, pruinose, incurved, then expanded,
revolute, concolorous and undulating. St. 4-8 x 1-1-5 cm., fuliginous,
equal, or attenuated downwards, longitudinally fibrillose, apex finally
whitish, base white, pubescent. Gills white, becoming glaucous, or
grey, deeply decurrent, distant, 5—8 mm. wide, thick, connected by
veins. Flesh white. Spores elliptical, slightly apiculate at the one
end, 6-9 x 4-5/u., multi-guttulate. Smell strong, like that of Corti-
narius purpurascens, taste mild, slightly sweet. Heaths and pastures
under firs. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
917. H. leporinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 891, t. 931, as Hygrophorus
nemoreus Fr. Leporinus, belonging to a hare.
P. 3-6 cm., yellow-rufescent, varying fuscous, equally fleshy, convex,
gibbous, fibrilloso-fioccose, firm, opaque, margin scalloped, then split,
silky. St. 4-5 x 1 cm., whitish flesh colour, firm, rigid, attenuated
commonly downwards, more rarely upwards, fibrillose, base white.
Gills pale yellowish, decurrent, branched. Flesh reddish flesh colour.
Spores "pale umber, subglobose, 6-8 x 4-4-5/i" Sacc. Woods, and
downs. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
H. bicolor Karst. = Hygrophorus Karstenii Sacc. & Cub.
918. H. nemoreus (Lasch) Fr. Nemoreus, belonging to a wood.
P. 3-8 cm., somewhat orange, equally fleshy, convex, then expanded,
gibbous, at length depressed. St. 4-6 x 1-1-5 cm., pale, firm, squamu-
HYGROPHORTJS 299
lose, fibroso-striate, attenuated at the base. Gills somewhat concolorous,
decurrent, thick, distant, wide. Flesh yellowish, deeper coloured under
the cuticle of the pikus. Spores white, globose, 5-6 x 5/z. Taste
pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Oct. — Dec. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
919. H. pratensis (Pers.) Fr. (= Hygrophorus ficoides (Bull.) Schroet.)
Cke. Illus. no. 892, t. 917. Pratensis, growing in meadows.
P. 2-5-8 cm., tawny yellow, or buff, compactly fleshy especially at
the disc, thin towards the margin, convex, then flattened, gibbous,
almost turbinate from the stem being thickened upwards, moist,
rimosely incised when dry. St. 4-6 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous but paler,
attenuated downwards, dilated into the pileus. Grills concolorous, or
white, deeply decurrent, at first arcuate, then extended in the form of
an inverted cone, very distant, thick, firm, brittle, connected by
veins. Flesh ochraceous. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/i. Smell
and taste pleasant. Edible. Pastures, and heaths. Aug. — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
var. cinereus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 893, t. 932, fig. B.
Cinereus, ash colour.
Differs from the type in the thinner, cinereous p., at length striate
at the margin, the white st. sometimes yellowish at the base, and the
cinereous gills. Heaths and downs. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
var. pallidus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 893, t. 932, fig. A.
Pallidus, pallid.
Differs from the type in the pallid, infundibuliform p., with undulate,
defiexed margin, the dilated, fibrillosely striate St., and the pallid, decur-
rent, branched, distant gills. On downs and hillsides. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. umbrinus W. G. Sm. Umbrinus, umber.
Differs from the type in the umber p., substriate at the margin, the
white, equal st., and the flesh being coloured umber under the cuticle
of the p. Hilly pastures. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. meisneriensis Fr. Meisneriensis, belonging to Mount Meisner.
Differs from the type in the much smaller p., at length striate at the
margin, the white st., and the easily separable pellicle of the p.
920. H. Karstenii Sacc. & Cub. (= Hygrophorus bicolor Karst. sec.
W. G. Sm.) Karst. Icon. t. xm.
P. A. Karsten, the eminent Finnish mycologist.
P. 5-8 cm., white, or whitish, convexo-plane, at length often
depressed, disc compact. St. 8-14 x 1-5-2 cm., white, or whitish,
300 HYGBOPHORUS
attenuated downwards, wavy. Gills yellow, deeply decurrent, thick,
distant. Spores white, elliptical, 10 x 6ju. Woods. Nov. Uncommon.
921. H. foetens Phill. Cke. lUus. no. 904, t. 903, fig. B.
Foetens, stinking.
P. 1-5-2-5 cm., dark brown, convex, then plane, at length broken up
into squamules. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 4 mm., paler than the pileus, attenu-
ated downwards, shining, clothed with transversely arranged fibrous
scales. Gills somewhat of the same colour as the pileus, or paler, some-
what glaucous-pruinose, decurrent, distant, rather thick. Flesh dark
coloured. Spores white, globose, 4-5 /z. Smell very foetid, nauseous.
Grassy places. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
922. H. virgineus (Wulf.) Fr. (= Hygrophorus ericeus (Bull.) Schroet.)
Boud. Icon. t. 37. Virgineus, maidenly.
Entirely white. P. 3—7 cm., convex, then plane, obtuse, subumbonate,
moist, at length depressed, cracked into patches, floccose and becoming
yellowish when dry. St. 5-11 cm. x 5-10 mm., firm, attenuated at
the base, pruinose, striate. Gills decurrent, distant, rather thick,
veined at the base. Spores white, oblong elliptic, 9-12 x 5-6 ft. Smell
and taste pleasant. Edible. Pastures, heaths, and woods. Aug. —
Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. roseipes Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 895, t. 893.
Roseus, rose-coloured; pes, foot.
Differs from the type in the stem being rose-coloured externally, and
internally towards the base. Woods, and pastures. Sept. — Nov. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
923. H. ventricosus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 897, t. 901.
Ventricosus, ventricose.
Entirely white. P. 5-7-5 cm., convex, unequal. St. 6 x 1-1-5 cm.,
ventricose, attenuated at both ends. Gills deeply decurrent, narrow,
sometimes forked. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4/z. Pastures, and
amongst grass. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
924. H. niveus (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 896, t. 900, fig. A.
Niveus, snow-white.
Entirely white. P. 1-5-3 cm., submembranaceous, campanulate, then
convex, umbilicate, striate and viscid when moist. St. 4-6 cm. x 2-
4 mm., equal. Gills decurrent, distant, thin. Spores white, elliptical,
7-8 x 4-5/i. Smell and taste mild. Edible. Heaths, and pastures.
Sept. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
925. H. russocoriaceus Berk. & Miller. Cke. Illus. no. 896, t. 900,
fig. B. Russus, Russian; coriaceus, leathery.
P. 1-2 cm., ivory-white, convex, slightly viscid. St. 1-5-4 cm. x 2-
6 mm., pure white, thickened upwards. Gills concolorous, decurrent,
HYGROPHORUS 301
arched, thick, very few, distant. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x
multi-guttulate. Smell very pleasant, like Russian leather. Edible.
Pastures, and heaths. Sept. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
**Gills ventricose, sinuato-arcuate, or plano-adnate.
926. H. fomicatus Fr. Fornicatus, arched.
P. 2-5—5 cm., white, or pallid livid, campanulate, then expanded,
obsoletely umbonate, subrepand, viscid. St. 5-8 cm. x 5-13 mm.,
shining white, firm, tough, equal, subundulate. Gills white, almost
free, or sinuato-adnexed, thick, ventricose, distant, exceeding the margin.
Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3-4/4. Pastures. Oct. — Nov. Un-
common. (v.v.)
927. H. clivalis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 898, t. 933, as Hygrophorus forni-
catus Fr. Clivalis, belonging to hills.
P. 3-4 cm., whitish, disc yellowish, campanulate, silky, umbonate,
becoming split, scalloped, thin, striate. St. 4—6 x 1 cm., white, fragile,
attenuated at the base. Gills pale ochraceous, sinuate, almost free,
ventricose, distant, wide. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3/x. Parks, and
pastures. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
928. H. distans Berk. Berk. Outl. t. 13, fig. 1.
Distans, being distant.
P. 3—5 cm., white with a silky lustre, here and there stained with
brown, plane, or depressed, often umbilicate, viscid. St. 3-4 cm. x 5-
6 mm., white above, cinereous below and attenuated. Gills pure white,
then tinged with cinereous, decurrent, few, very distant, subventricose,
interstices obscurely rugose. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 10 x 8/a.
Smell sometimes pleasant, like the essence of almonds. Woods. Oct.
Rare.
929. H. Clarkii (B. & Br.) W. G. Sm. (= Hygrophorus latitabundus
(Britz.) sec. W. G. Sm.) J. Aubrey Clark.
P. 9-10-5 cm., opaque umber, or livid cinereous, margin white, obtuse,
convexo-plane, viscid. St. 4r-7 x 2-3 cm., white-squamulose above,
pale umber-scaly below, equal, or attenuated downwards, viscid. Gills
ivory-white, adnate, distant, broad, thick, veined. Spores white,
elliptical, 10 x Qfj,. Woods, and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
930. H. metapodius Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 901, t. 918.
fierd, reversed; TTOU<?, foot.
P. 4-8 cm., cinereous-fuscous, convex, then plane, obtuse, at first
viscid and slightly shining, then silky and squamulose, irregular. St.
4—10 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, attenuated downwards, sometimes
swollen at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills dark grey, becoming
302 HYGROPHORUS
stained with red, adnate, or arcuato-decurrent, distant, thick, veined,
broad. Flesh pallid grey, reddish when broken and at length becoming
black. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 6/n, with a large central
gutta. Smell of new meal, taste mild. Old mossy pastures. Oct. —
Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
931. H. ovinus (Bull.) Fr. Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. n, t. 50.
Ovinus, belonging to sheep.
P. 4-5 cm., fuscous, campanulate, then expanded, somewhat umbo-
nate, at first slightly viscid, then dry and squamulose, at length revo-
lute, undulated, rimosely incised. St. 3-4 x -5-1 cm., pallid, or grey-
ish, subequal, or slightly thickened at both ends, curved, or twisted,
fibrillosely striate. Gills grey, then rufescent, arcuato-adnate, decur-
rent with a tooth, thick, broad, connected by veins. Flesh fragile,
grey, then tinged reddish, and finally black. Spores white, subglobose,
6 x 4-5^t. Smell strong, of new meal, taste mild. Pastures, and hill-
sides. Sept. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
932. H. connatus Karst. Connatus, born together.
P. 3-4 cm., grey, margin submembranaceous, convex, then plane,
unequal, dry, silky, then smooth. St. 6-7 cm. x 4-5 mm., concolorous,
equal, silky fibrillose, apex farinose. Gills dark grey, decurrent, some-
what thick, distant, branched. Spores white, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4- 5 /it.
Caespitose. Woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
933. H. subradiatus (Schum.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 902, t. 935, fig. A.
Sub, somewhat; radiatus, rayed.
P. 3-4 cm., white, livid, grey, or flesh colour, disc fuscous, sub-
membranaceous, convex, then expanded, slightly umbonate, radiato-
striate from the translucent gills. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-5 mm., pale, equal,
twisted, attenuated at the white base. Gills white, deeply decurrent
with a tooth, plane, ventricose, somewhat thin, distant, connected by
veins. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8 x 6 /A, with a large central gutta.
Heaths, and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. lacinus Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 25, fig. 3, as Hygrophorus lacmus.
Lac, varnish.
P. 2-5 cm., lilac, then becoming pale, convex, umbonate, unequal at
the circumference, radiato- striate when moist, even when dry, shining,
disc often fibrillose, or squamulose. St. 3-5 cm. x 7-15 mm., white,
or greyish, often tinged with yellow at the base, narrowed at the base
and apex. Gills cinereous, plano-decurrent, thin, connected by veins,
subdistant. Flesh tinged with grey, yellowish at the base of the stem.
Spores white, subglobose, 7-8 x 6/1-, with a large central gutta.
Heaths, and pastures. Sept. — Oct. More common than the type.
(v.v.)
HYGROPHOBTJS 303
934. H. irrigatus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 168, fig. 3.
Irrigatus, bedewed.
P. 2-5-5 cm., livid, becoming dingy white as the gluten separates,
fragile, campanulate, expanded, obtuse, viscid, margin striate. St.
5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., livid, very viscid, equal, tough. Gills white, or
grey, adnate with a decurrent tooth, subdistant, wide, fragile, rather
thick, connected by veins. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-7 x 4/n"
Massee. Fir woods, grassy places, and pastures. Oct. — Nov. Un-
common.
III. Veil none. Whole fungus thin, watery, succulent, fragile.
P. viscid when moist, shining when dry, rarely floccosely
squamose. St. hollow, soft, not punctate. Gills soft. Most of the
species brightly coloured, and shining.
*Gills decurrent.
935. H. Colemannianus Blox. Cke. Illus. no. 904, t. 903, fig. A.
W. H. Coleman.
P. 2-5-5 cm., reddish umber, paler when dry except in the centre,
subcampanulate, then expanded, strongly umbonate, striate when
moist, and slightly viscid. St. 2-5—4 cm. x 2—4 mm., white, very
slightly tinged with umber, nearly equal, brittle, fibrous, somewhat
silky. Gills umber, paler than the pileus, deeply decurrent, rather
broad, distant, interstices veined and rugose. Flesh white, tinged
with umber under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores white, broadly ellip-
tical, 6-8 x 6/x. Pastures, and hillsides. Oct.— Nov. Not uncommon.
(t>.*)
936. H. sciophanus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 167, fig. 1.
(TKid, shade; fyaivw, I appear.
P. 1-4 cm., deep tawny, or brick colour, becoming paler when dry,
opaque, hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, slightly viscid, some-
what fleshy; margin paler, striate. St. 3-7-5 cm. x 2-6 mm., tawny
yellowish, or paler, equal, flexuose, viscid. Gills of the same colour as
the pileus, or yellowish, attenuato-adnate, distant. Flesh yellowish,
reddish near the cuticle. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 /z. Amongst
grass. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
937. H. sciophanoides Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 905, t. 937, fig. A, as
Hygrophorus sciophanus Fr.
Sciophanus, the species H. sciophanus; etSo9, like.
P. 1-3 cm., rosy pink, campanulate, then expanded, striate to the
disc, interstices paler, subumbonate, or papillate, membranaceous,
fragile. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, base white. Gills
pale pink, uncinato-adnate, broadest in front. Flesh pale yellow,
becoming white. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/n. Heaths, and
hilly pastures. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
304 HYGROPHORTJS
938. H. laetus (Pers.) Fr. (= Hygrophorus Houghtoni Berk. sec. Quel.)
Fr. Icon. t. 167, fig. 2. Laetus, cheerful.
P. 2— 3 cm., tawny, shining, convex, then flattened, obtuse, viscid;
margin almost membranaceous and slightly pellucid-striate. St.
3'5-7*5 cm. x 4 mm., concolorous, apex externally and internally
bluish green, equal, tough, viscid. Gills flesh colour, whitish, or fuli-
ginous, subdecurrent, distant, thin, somewhat connected by veins.
Flesh of the same colour as the pileus but paler. Spores white, elliptical,
7-9 x 4-5/Lt, 1-2-guttulate. Heaths, and hilly pastures. Sept. — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
939. H. vitellinus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 167, fig. 3.
Vitellinus, of yolk of egg.
P. 1-2-5 cm., citron-egg-yellow, becoming white when dry, very thin,
convex, umbilicate, viscid; margin plicato-striate. St. 5 cm. x 2 mm.,
pallid light yellow, becoming white when dry, equal, flexuose, fragile.
Gills yellow, then egg-yellow, deeply decurrent, subdistant. Spores
white, broadly elliptical, with an apiculus at one end, 8-9 x 6jii, with
a large central gutta. Woods, and pastures. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon.
940. H. citrinus Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 11.
Citrinus, lemon yellow.
P. 1-2 cm., citron yellow, convex, then plane, viscid; margin striate.
St. 1-2 cm. x 2-3 mm., citron yellow, apex white, base attenuated,
viscid. Gills whitish citron yellow, adnato-decurrent, somewhat
crowded, 2-3 mm. broad. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, elliptical,
apiculate at the one end, 7-7-5 x 5/*, 1-guttulate. Roadsides, and
hilly pastures. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
941. H. ceraceus (Wulf.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 39. Ceraceus, waxy.
P. 2-4 cm., waxy-yellow, shining, viscid, convexo-plane, obtuse;
margin slightly striate, pellucid. St. 3-5 cm. x 4 mm., concolorous,
often unequal, flexuose, at length compressed, base attenuated, white.
Gills yellow, adnato-decurrent, broad, connected by veins, almost tri-
angular. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 4/x. Woods,
and pastures. Sept. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
942. H. coccineus (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Hygrophorus miniatus (Scop.)
Schroet.) Boud. Icon. t. 38. Coccineus, scarlet colour.
P. 2—6 cm., bright scarlet, soon changing colour and becoming yellow-
ish, convex, then plane, often unequal, obtuse, at first viscid. St.
5-7 cm. x 6—8 mm., concolorous, becoming yellowish, compressed,
base always yellow. Gills purplish at the base, light yellow in the middle,
glaucous at the edge, adnate, decurrent by a tooth, distant, broad, con-
HYGROPHORUS 305
nected by veins, trama red. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, ellip-
tical, 8-11 x 5-6 //,. Woods, and pastures. June — Dec. Common.
943. H. miniatus Fr. (= Hygrophorus fiammans (Scop.) Schroet.) Cke.
Illus. no. 910, t. 921, fig. A.
Miniatus, coloured with red-lead.
P. -5-2 cm., vermilion, then becoming pale, and opaque, convex,
often umbonate, then umbilicate, glabrous, or squamulose. St. 3—
5 cm. x 2-4 mm., vermilion, shining, equal, round. Gills yellow, or
yellow-vermilion, adnate. Flesh reddish, then yellow. Spores white,
elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/A, 1-guttulate. Heaths, pastures, and peat bogs.
June — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
944. H. Reai Maire. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 11.
Carleton Eea.
P. 1-5-2-5 cm., scarlet, fleshy, thin, convex-campanulate, then
plane; margin orange yellow, or yellow, slightly striate when moist;
no separable pellicle. St. 3-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., orange scarlet to yellow,
base whitish, viscid, shining, somewhat tough. Gills flesh colour, then
orange, edge whitish, then yellow, broadly adnate with a decurrent tooth,
broad, thin, unequal. Flesh orange. Spores white, elliptical, apiculate,
7-8 x 3-5-4-5/u, 2-guttulate. Cystidia none. Taste bitter. In woods,
and pastures. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
945. H. turundus Fr. Turunda, a kind of sacrificial cake.
P. 1-2-5 cm., yellow, or tawny, variegated with cinereous-fuscous
squamules, slightly fleshy, sometimes viscid at first, convex, then
expanded, umbilicate, or depressed; margin often elegantly crenate. St.
3-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., tawny-reddish, rigid-fragile, attenuated at the
base. Gills white, then cream colour, decurrent, narrow, 1-2 mm. wide,
distant. Flesh yellowish, or reddish. Spores white, elliptical, 8-1 1x5-
6/x, 1-2-guttulate. Heaths, pastures, and peat-bogs. July — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. mollis B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 910, t. 921, fig. B. Mollis, soft.
Golden. P. 12-18 mm., nearly plane, at length depressed, clad with
soft, short, radiating hairs of the same colour. St. 2-5-3 cm. x 2-4 mm.,
equal. Gills whitish, decurrent, narrow, distant. Flesh yellow. Spores
white, elliptical, 8 x 4/i. Woods, and pastures. July — Oct. More
common than the type, (v.v.)
var. sphaerosporus Rea. crfyalpa, a ball; <nropd, seed.
P. 18 mm., reddish, covered with golden yellow fibrils, plane, then
depressed. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-5 mm., reddish, base white, slightly in-
crassated upwards. Gills white, decurrent, distant. Flesh bright
R. B. B. 20
306 HYGROPHORUS
yellow. Spores white, subglobose, 6—7 x 5-6/z, verrucose. Amongst
short grass, and moss. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. lepidus Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xm, 1. 1, fig. 2, as Hygrophorus
lepidus Boud. Lepidus, charming,
P. 1-5-4 cm., brilliant golden orange, becoming paler, disc deeper
colour, convex, umbilicate, minutely squamulose, or hirsuto-tomentose.
St. 5-7 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, slightly incrassated upwards.
Gills pallid, slightly tinged with the colour of the pileus at the base,
deeply and abruptly decurrent, thick, distant. Flesh of stem orange,
paler elsewhere. Spores white, oblong-elliptic, 9-10 x 5-6/x. Woods,
and bogs. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
946. H. mucronellus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 905, t. 937, fig. B.
Mucronellus, having a little sharp point.
P. 2-8 mm., scarlet, or yellow, then pale, becoming hoary, acutely
conical when small, when larger campanulate, obtuse, then expanded,
pellucidly striate when moist, somewhat silky when dry. St. 2-4 cm.
x 1-2 mm., concolorous, white at the base, flexuose, subattenuated
downwards, somewhat silky. Gills yellow, decurrent, thick, triangular.
Flesh concolorous. Spores white, globose, 3 x 2— 3/x. Amongst moss
and short grass in pastures, and heaths. Aug. — Dec. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
947. H. micaceus B. & Br. Micaceus, like mica.
P. 8—12 mm., light yellow, becoming cinereous, hemispherical, like a
small Leotia lubrica, glittering with micaceous granules, wrinkled. St.
18—20 x 2-3 mm., light yellow, then brown towards the base, granulated.
Gills pallid umber, decurrent. Flesh yellowish, somewhat brownish
under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores white, subglobose, 4 x 3/x,
1-guttulate. On bare earth, and clayey soil. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
948. H. Wynniae B. & Br. (= Omphalia bibula Quel.) Cke. Illus.
no. 911, t. 905, fig. A. Mrs Lloyd Wynne, of Coed Coch.
Entirely lemon-yellow, hygrophanous. P. 1-2-5 cm., thin, hemi-
spherical, umbilicate, or somewhat infundibuliform, pellucidly striate.
St. 3-4-5 cm. x 1-3 mm., attenuated upwards from the white, swollen,
strigose base. Gills decurrent, narrow, thin. Spores white, broadly
elliptical, 7-8 x 6/*. Smell foetid when decayed. On fir needles, twigs,
chips, and stumps. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**Gills adnexed, somewhat separating.
949. H. puniceus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 912, t. 922.
Puniceus, blood-red.
P. 5-11 cm., blood-red scarlet, becoming pale with age especially at
the fleshy disc, campanulate, obtuse, generally repand, or lobed, very
HYGROPHORUS 307
irregular, viscid. St. 7-11 x 1—2-5 cm., concolorous, or light yellowish,
base always white, attenuated at both ends, often incurved, striate,
apex often squamulose. Gills white-light-yellow, or yellow, often reddish
at the base, ascending, appearing free, ventricose, broad, thick, distant.
Flesh concolorous. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 5/x, with
a large central gutta. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pas-
tures. July — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
950. H. nigrescens Quel. (= Hygrophorus puniceus Fr. var. nigrescens
(Quel.) Massee.) Nigrescens, becoming black.
P. 5—10 cm., white, then citron or jonquil yellow, streaked with pink-
ish, or orange fibrils, becoming grey and silky and finally black, campanu-
late, scalloped, lobed. St. 5-7 x 1-2 cm., citron yellow, streaked with
orange, base white, substriate, wrinkled, splitting, tough. Gills
cream, or citron yellow, orange at the base, then grey, becoming black.
Flesh orange, white in the stem, becoming black; juice becoming lilac
colour on exposure to the air. Spores white, elliptical, 11-13 x 6-7 /n.
Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
951. H. obrusseus Fr. o/3pv£ov, pure gold.
P. 5-12 cm., golden-sulphur-yellow with a tinge of green, campanu-
late, then expanded and somewhat revolute, lobed and often split-
ting at the margin, obtuse, fragile, shining. St. 5-11 x 1-3-5 cm.,
sulphur yellow, becoming tawny at the base, often compressed, unequal.
Gills white, tinged with yellowish green towards the base, adnexed, at
length separating, free, very broad, 10-12 mm., distant, thick. Flesh
concolorous. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/z, 1-2-guttulate.
Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
952. H. intermedius Pass. Intermedius, intermediate.
P. 3-5-5 cm., golden yellow, becoming greyish, or bright orange, very
thin, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, or subumbonate, fibril-
losely-silky; margin often wavy. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 6-9 mm., yellow,
equal, fibrillosely-striate. Gills whitish, then yellow, adnate, ventricose,
distant. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 6/u,. Smell of meal. Road-
sides, grassy places, and damp ground. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
953. H. conicus (Scop.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 40, as var. nigrescens Boud.
Conious, conical.
P. 3-6 cm., scarlet, yellow, tawny, sulphur-greenish, livid, or fuli-
ginous-light yellow, becoming black, submembranaceous, campanulate,
conical, acute, often lobed, then expanded and cracked, viscid when
moist, shining when dry. St. 6-9 cm. x 4-9 mm., concolorous, or
yellow, becoming black, cylindrical, tense and straight, fibrillosely-
striate. Gills white, or yellow, sometimes reddish at the base, becoming
black when bruised, attenuato-free, ventricose, thin, somewhat
20—2
308 HYGROPHORTTS
crowded. Flesh concolorous, becoming black. Spores white, broadly
elliptical, 10-11 x 7-8 /A, with a large central gutta. Pastures, heaths,
roadsides, and woods. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
954. H. calyptraeformis Berk. (= Hygrophorus amoenus (Lasch)
Quel.) Cke. lUus. no. 916, t. 894.
KoXvTrrpa, a woman's veil; forma, shape.
P. 3-10 cm., pink, becoming pallid, thin, campanulate, acutely
conical, lobed below, then expanded and revolute, minutely innato-
fibrillose, moist. St. 6-12 x 1 cm., white, often with a rosy tinge within
the p., striate, brittle, often splitting longitudinally, easily separating
from the pileus. Gills rose coloured, at length pallid, acutely attenu-
ated behind, distant. Flesh of pileus pink, of stem white. Spores
white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/z, 1-guttulate. Pastures, heaths, and woods.
Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. niveus Cooke. Cke. Illus. no. 917, t. 923. Niveus, snow-white.
Differs from the type in being entirely snow-white. Pastures, and
lawns. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
955. H. chlorophanus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 41.
^Xt»po9, pale green; <f>aiva), I appear.
Entirely rich yellow, becoming pale, rarely scarlet, fragile. P. 3-5 cm.,
submembranaceous, convex, then plane and depressed, obtuse,
orbicular, lobed, at length cracked, viscid, often striate. St. 3-
8 cm. x 4-8 mm., equal, often compressed, viscid, sometimes sulcate
in the middle. Gills white, then sulphur yellow, emarginato-adnexed,
very ventricose, thin, distant. Flesh yellow, deeper coloured under the
cuticle. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6/A. Taste mild.
Edible. Pastures, heaths, and woods. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
956. H. psittacinus (Schaeff.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 42.
i/rtTTa/eo<?, a parrot.
P. 2-5 cm., green at first from the gluten, then yellowish, whitish, or
brick colour, and finally purplish, campanulate, then expanded,
umbonate, striate. St. 4— 7 cm. x 4— 7 Tarn.., green at first from the gluten,
which is persistent at the apex, then yellowish, equal, often bent,
toughish. Gills yellow, greenish at the base, adnate, ventricose, thick,
broad, subdistant. Flesh white, tinged with green and yellow. Spores
white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/z. Taste mild. Edible. July— Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
957. H. spadiceus (Scop.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 168, fig. 1.
ffTrdSiJ;, date-brown.
P. 1-6 cm., olivaceous date-brown, black and shining when dry,
fragile, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, or acute, very glutinous,
HYGROPHORUS. CLITOPILUS 309
distinctly virgate with black fibrils. St. 4-7 cm. x 6-10 mm., yellowish,
striato-virgate with fuscous fibrils, equal. Gills citron yellow, sinuate,
broad, ventricose, rather thick, distant. Flesh citron yellow. Spores
white, elliptical, "10-12 x 6-7 /A" Sacc. Mossy meadows. July.
Uncommon.
958. H. unguinosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 168, fig. 2. Unguinosus, oily.
P. 3-6 cm., smeared with dense fuliginous gluten, slightly fleshy,
campanulate, then convex, obtuse, very fragile, even, or at length
rimosely incised. St. 5-9 cm. x 5-10 mm., concolorous, glutinous,
attenuated at the base and apex, unequal, somewhat compressed.
Gills shining white becoming glaucous, adnate, very ventricose, dis-
tant, thick, broad, connected by veins. Flesh greyish. Spores white,
broadly elliptical, 9 x 7/x, with a large central gutta. Woods, and
pastures. Aug. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
959. H. obscuratus Karst. Obscuratus, darkened.
P. 3-4 cm., sooty, or livid blackish, mouse colour when dry, fragile,
convex, obtuse, dry, squamulose. St. 4-6 cm. X 4-8 mm., pallid,
centre often tinged smoky, unequal, usually inflated below, wavy,
glabrous. Gills whitish, or glaucous, sinuato-adnate. Spores white,
elliptical, 7-10 x 3-5/A. Pastures. Sept. Rare.
960. H. nitratus (Pers.) Fr. Nitratus, nitrous.
P. 1—6 cm., fuscous-cinereous, becoming pale, scarcely fleshy, very
fragile, convex, obtuse, or depressed in the centre, at first slightly
viscid, soon flocculose, then squamulose, or fibrillosely striate, rimosely
incised, irregularly shaped, somewhat repand. St. 2-5-10 cm. x 2-
12 mm., whitish, grey, or yellowish, equal, often twisted, fragile, some-
times compressed, base attenuated. Gills whitish, then becoming
glaucous, broadly emarginate, broad, distant, thick, mucid-soft, con-
nected by veins. Flesh grey, darker under the cuticle of the pileus.
Spores white, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 4-5/x,, 1-guttulate. Smell strong,
nitrous. Pastures, and heaths. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. glauco-nitens Fr. y\avtc6<;, pale green ; nitens, shining.
Stiff. P. olivaceous black, or fuliginous, becoming pale, streaked with
St. equal, shining. Gills becoming glaucous. Mixed woods.
Aug. Rare.
Spores pink.
ClitopUus Fr.
(/c\/T05, a slope; 77-1X09, cap.)
Pileus fleshy, regular, or irregular. Stem central fleshy. Gills de-
current. Spores pink, elliptical, fusiform, globose, oblong, angular,
smooth, or verrucose, continuous. Growing on the ground.
310 CUTOPILUS
I. P. irregular; margin at first flocculose. Gills deeply decurrent.
961. C. prunulus (Scop.) Fr. (= Clitopilus orcella (Bull.) Fr.) Cke.
lUus. no. 343, t. 322. Prunulus, a little plum.
P. 3-11 cm., while, or yellowish, or more rarely becoming cinereous,
fleshy, compact, convex, then flattened, at length depressed and
repand or unequal, viscid when moist, delicately pruinose, often
spotted, or zoned; margin involute, thin, mealy. St. 2-6 x 1-1-5 cm.,
white, ventricose, or thickened upwards, pruinose, or villose, often
striate, cottony at the base. Gills white, then flesh colour, deeply
decurrent, attenuated at both ends. Flesh white. Spores pink, fusi-
form, 11-13 x 5/A, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia none. Smell and taste
of new meal. Edible. Woods, and pastures. June — Nov. Common.
962. C. mundulus (Lasch) Fr. (= Clitopilus pseudo-orcella Fr. sec.
Quel.) Cke. Ulus. no. 345, t. 375, fig. A. Mundus, neat.
P. 3-5 cm., becoming pale white, then spotted cinereous, at length
becoming black, fleshy, thin, convex, gibbous, soon flattened and de-
pressed, unequal repand, often excentric, rivulose, or even, fioccoso-
soft; margin involute. St. 2-3 cm. x 4 mm., white, subequal, floccoso-
villose, base white- villose. Gills pallid, deeply decurrent, very crowded,
narrow, thin, with many shorter ones intermixed. Flesh white,
soft, becoming black in the stem. Spores elliptical, 8-11 x 4-5 p. Taste
bitter. Woods, amongst leaves. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. nigrescens (Lasch) Fr. Nigrescens, becoming black.
Differs from the type in the whole of the flesh becoming black.
963. C. popinalis Fr. (= Paxillus amarellus (Pers.) Quel.) Fr. Icon.
t. 96, fig. 1. Popinalis, belonging to a cook-shop.
P. 2-5 cm., cinereous, here and there mottled with guttate spots,
slightly fleshy, flaccid, convex, then depressed, somewhat repand;
margin thin, inrolled, pruinose, grey. St. 2-5 cm. x 5-12 mm., paler
than the p., subequal, often flexuose, attenuated, or somewhat bulbous
at the white, cottony base. Gills ochraceous, then grey, deeply decur-
rent, thin, narrow. Flesh grey, becoming white. Spores pink, globose,
4-6/z, warted. Cystidia none. Smell of new meal, or rancid. Downs,
fields, and sandy sea-shores. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
964. C. undatus Fr. (= Eccilia undata (Fr.) Quel.; Clitopilus vilis Fr.
sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 96, fig. 4. Undatus, waved.
P. 2-4 cm., fuliginous cinereous, becoming pale, membranaceous,
convex, then depressed, umbilicate, sometimes infundibuliform, un-
equal, undulated, often somewhat zoned, pruinose, silky. St. 2-
3 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, entirely fibrous, unequal, compressed,
CLITOPILUS 311
mealy; base cottony, white, and attenuated. Gills dark cinereous,
deeply decurrent, 4 mm. broad, thin, entire, or undulate. Spores
"distinctly rusty-brown, pure yellow under the microscope, elliptical,
7-8 x 4-5/z" Rick. Downs, and hilly pastures. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
var. viarum Fr. Via, a way.
Differs from the type in the greyish hoary, smooth, shining, zoned p.,
and glabrous stem.
965. C. cancrinus Fr. (=Eccilia cancrina (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 95,
fig. 4. Cancer, a crab.
P. 2-3 cm., whitish tan, or wholly white, becoming pale, slightly
fleshy, submembranaceous, convex, then plane, very irregularly shaped,
at length broken into cracks, becoming flocculoso-even. St. 2-2-5 cm.
x2-4 mm., white, round, or compressed, equal, or enlarged upwards,
base white- villose, the mycelium often gathering the soil into a ball.
Gills white, then flesh colour, truly decurrent, distant, 3 mm. broad,
rather thick, arcuate when young then straight. Flesh white, hyaline
near the gills. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 9 x 5-6/z, multi-guttu-
late. Pastures, and roadsides. July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
966. C. cretatus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 345, t. 375, fig. B.
Cretatus, marked with chalk.
P. 6-18 mm., dead white, but shining, membranaceous, convex,
then umbilicate, margin involute. St. 4—6 x 1—2 mm., white, often
curved at the base, sometimes thickened, tomentose, especially below.
Gills rose colour, very decurrent, narrow. Flesh white. Spores pink,
elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4jU. Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Oct. Uncom-
mon, (v.v.)
II. P. regular, silky, or hygrophanous-silky ; margin naked.
Gills adnate, slightly decurrent.
967. C. carneo-albus (With.) Fr. (= Eccilia carneo-alba (With.)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 349, t. 324, upper figs.
Caro, flesh; albus, white.
P. 1'5— 3 cm., white, disc often becoming reddish, or yellowish, convex,
then expanded and depressed, slightly silky. St. 2-3 cm. x 4-6 mm.,
white, unequal, fibroso-striate, silky. Gills white, then flesh colour,
adnato-decurrent, narrow. Flesh white, thin. Spores pink, angular,
"10x6/z" Sacc. Woods, and heaths. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
968. C. angustus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 96, fig. 3. A ngustus, narrow.
P 1-2 cm., bluish-grey-cinereous, somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane,
subumbonate, hygrophanous, silky-shining when dry. St. 7-8 x 1-
312 CLITOPILUS
1-5 cm., white, curved, strigosely rooting at the hairy base. Gills some-
what flesh colour, adnato-decurrent, crowded, narrow. Flesh brownish.
Spores pink, 7-8 x 5/z. Woods. Sept. Rare.
969. C. Sarnicus Massee. Sarnicus, belonging to Guernsey.
P. 2—3 cm., mouse colour, paler with a ruddy tinge when dry, cam-
panulate, then quite plane, subumbonate, often more or less depressed
round the umbo, slightly striate when moist, minutely silky flocculose.
St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., white, equal, slightly flexuose. Gills pinkish
salmon colour, plane nearly up to the stem then suddenly decurrent,
3-4 mm. broad, rather crowded. Flesh very thin. Spores pink,
nodulose, with an apiculus, 7-8 x 6/u. Amongst grass. Rare.
970. C. vilis Fr. (= Eccilia undata (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 351,
t. 487. Vilis, of small value.
P. 2-3 cm., grey, submembranaceous, convex, umbilicate, silky -
fibrillose when dry. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, equal,
tough, but fibroso-fissile, fibrilloso-striate, base white-villose. Gills
whitish, plano-decurrent, or adnate with a decurrent tooth, nearly
triangular, crowded, almost extending beyond the margin of the p. Flesh
white. Spores pink, "quadrangular, almost quadrilateral, 8-9 /x '
Rick. Downs, and open spaces. July — Sept. Not uncommon.
(9.9.)
971. C. stilbocephalus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 349, t. 324, lower
figs. <7TiX/3&>, I shine; «€^)aX^, the head.
P. 2-6 cm., yellowish white, or greyish, sparkling with atoms, whitish
and rather silky when dry, campanulate, obtuse, sometimes umbonate,
hygrophanous ; margin straight. St. 5-8 cm. x 3-8 mm., white, or
greyish, somewhat equal, undulato-fibrous. Gills salmon colour,
adnate, sometimes emarginate behind, 3-5 mm. broad, veined. Flesh
whitish. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 9-12 x 6-9 /u,, 1-guttulate.
Smell pleasant of new meal. Pastures. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon.
(9.9.)
972. C. Smithii Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 350, t. 599, as Clitopilus stilbo-
cephalus Berk. var.
Worthington G. Smith, the eminent mycologist.
P. 2-4 cm., whitish, or with a dingy yellow tinge, soon becoming plane
and orbicular, sometimes undulated, atomate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 3—
4 mm., pallid, with a reddish tinge below, tapering very slightly up-
wards, undulated, base white, downy. Gills salmon colour, broadly
adnate with a slight decurrent tooth, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white,
rather thick except at the margin. Spores pink, globose, 4/A. Oct.
Rare.
CLITOPILUS. FLAMMULA 313
973, C. straminipes Massee. Cke. Ulus. no. 1159, t. 960.
Stramen, straw; pes, foot.
P. 3-5 cm., whitish, submembranaceous, fragile, at length expanded
and depressed in the centre, shining. St. 5 cm. x 3 mm., straw colour
below, sprinkled with white meal above, equal, often compressed.
Gills whitish then rosy, shortly decurrent, scarcely crowded. Flesh
white. Spores pink, angular, globose, 11— 12/z% Amongst grass. Sept.
Uncommon.
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous.
Flammula Fr.
(Gyninophilus (Karst.) Murr. sec. Maire.)
(Flammula, a little flame.)
Pileus fleshy, regular, viscid, or dry. Stem central, fleshy, or fibrous.
Gills decurrent, or adnate with a decurrent tooth. Spores ochraceous,
ferruginous, or fuscous, elliptical, oblong elliptical, globose, or navicu-
lar; smooth, punctate, or verrucose; continuous, or with a germ-pore.
Cystidia present, rarely none. Growing on the ground, or on wood;
solitary, gregarious, fasciculate, or caespitose.
I. Veil none; p. dry, most frequently squamulose. Spores
ferruginous, in Flammula decipiens fuscous ferruginous.
974. P. gymnopodia (Bull.) Fr. (= Armillaria mellea (Vahl.) Fr. var.
tabescens (Scop.) Rea sec. Quel.) yvpvos, naked; TTOVS, foot.
Entirely dark ferruginous. P. 5-7-5 cm., fleshy, campanulato-con-
vex, squamulose. St. 5-6 x 1 cm., becoming smooth, ascending
equal. Gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, crowded. Caespitose. Pine
sawdust, and on the ground. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
975. F. Aldridgei Massee. (= Flammula veluticeps Cke. & Massee.)
Miss Emily Aldridge.
P. 2-5 cm., brick red with a tinge of orange, or tawny orange, fleshy,
convex, then infundibuliform, with a subinvolute margin, minutely
velvety. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, equal, flexuose, smooth,
base with a white floccose mycelium. Gills golden yellow, then ferru-
ginous-orange, deeply decurrent, lanceolate, 3 mm. broad, rather
crowded. Spores ferruginous orange, elliptical, slightly apiculate at
the base, 16 x 5/i. Gregarious. Amongst moss on the ground in
woods. Sept. Rare.
976. F. vinosa (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 466, t. 437.
Vinosa, full of wine.
P. 2-4 cm., ferruginous fawn, fleshy, expanded, at length depressed,
dry, delicately fiocculose. St. 2-3 cm. x 6mm., pale, firm, somewhat
thickened at the base, delicately fiocculose. Gills ferruginous, decurrent,
314 FLAMMULA
simple, narrow, crowded. Spores "pale brown, 5 /z long, ovate"
Sacc. On the ground. Rare.
F. paradoxa Kalchbr. = Paxillus paradoxus (Kalchbr.) Quel.
F, Tammii Fr. = Paxillus paradoxus (Kalchbr.) Quel.
977. F. clitopila Cke. & Sin. Cke. lUus. no. 468, t. 500.
K\I,TO<;, a slope; TrtXo?, cap.
P. 2-5—5 cm., purplish brown, or madder brown, fleshy, convex, then
expanded, disc depressed and umbilicate, smooth, dry. St. 5-7-5 x 1-
1*5 cm., fuliginous, ventricose, erect, with a few scattered fibrils to-
wards the base. Gills pallid, or yellowish, slightly adnexed, ventricose,
scarcely crowded. Flesh white, brown in the st., fairly thick. Spores
brown, elliptical, 10 x 4jLi. Amongst firs. Nov. Rare.
978. P. purpurata Cke. & Massee. Cke. lUus. no. 1167, t. 964.
Purpurata, clad in purple.
P 2-5-5 cm., purple, or purple brown, fleshy, convex, then expanded,
obtusely umbonate, clad with minute, floccose, concolorous scales, dry.
St. 2-5—5 cm. x 4—6 mm., pallid above, purple below, equal, curved,
ascending, apex smooth, granular dowmvards. Ring imperfect, fibril-
lose. Gills lemon yellow, at length bright ferruginous, adnate, somewhat
rounded behind, subdistant, narrow. Flesh purplish, yellow at the
apex of the st., thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 5/u..
Taste very bitter. Tree-fern stems. May. Rare.
979. F. floccifera B. & Br. Cke Illus. no. 467, t. 438, upper figs.
Floccus, a flock of wool ; fero, I bear.
P. 4r-5 cm., tawny, fleshy, convex, then expanded, sprinkled with
snow-white fibrils, becoming somewhat zoned in drying. St. 3-4 cm.
x 6 mm., white, attenuated downwards, silky scaly, apex furfura-
ceous. Gills ferruginous, edge white, adnate, rounded behind, scarcely
ventricose, moderately broad, wrinkled transversely. Flesh white,
tawny at the edge, and beneath the cuticle of the p., umber in the st.,
fleshy at the disc. Spores ferruginous. Caespitose. On lime stumps.
Oct. Rare.
980. F. decipiens W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 467, t. 438, lower figs.
Decipiens, deceiving.
P. 2-5-3 cm., rich brown, becoming pale, and almost white at the disc,
fleshy, convex, very obtuse, or umbonate, at length sometimes de-
pressed round the umbo, dry, minutely squamulose. St. 3-6 cm. x 4-
6 mm., rich tawny, attenuated downwards, often twisted, striate. Gills
orange brown, decurrent, 4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh golden yellow,
bright brown at base of st., thick at the disc. Spores orange brown,
elliptical, apiculate at the base, 6-7 x 4/i. Inclined to be fasciculate.
Charcoal heaps, and burnt earth. June — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
FLAMMULA 315
981. F. nitens Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1168, t. 1154.
Nitens, shining.
P. 2-5 cm., dark purple brown, fleshy, hemispherical, convex, then
expanded, obtuse, shining, dry, somewhat silky. St. 4-7-5 x 1 cm.,
flesh colour, or pale pinkish brown, equal, fibrillose, incurved. Gills
pallid, then umber, adnate, 4-6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white,
thin at the margin. Spores pale brown, almond-shaped, 10 x 5-7 /x.
Caespitose. On the ground. Aug. — Sept. Rare.
II. P. covered with a continuous, somewhat separable, smooth, viscid
pellicle ; cortina manifest fibrillose. Spores ferruginous, not tawny ;
fuscous ferruginous in Flammula carbonaria. Gregarious, growing
on the ground, rarely on wood.
F. lenta (Pers.) Fr. = Hebeloma glutinosum (Lindgr.) Fr.
982. F. lubrica (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 116, fig. 1. Lubrica, slimy.
P. 5-10 cm., brick-red tawny, or bright cinnamon, sometimes pallid
with the disc tawny, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, or slightly
umbonate, sometimes depressed and repand, viscid, smooth, some-
times spotted with glued down scales ; margin sometimes striate. St.
5-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., whitish, at length becoming fuscous, equal, or
slightly attenuated upwards, dry, laxly fibrillose, base pubescent.
Gills pallid, then clay colour, adnate, subdecurrent, 6 mm. broad,
crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc, tough. Spores pale rusty
brown, "cylindrical-elliptical, nearly reniform, 5-6 x 3-3-5/u,, smooth.
Cystidia lanceolate-fusiform, 50-65 x 12-18/*, contents at first
yellowish" Rick. Smell scarcely strong. On and near trunks, and
in pastures. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
983. F. lupina Fr. Lupina, pertaining to a wolf.
P. 7-10 cm., brown, tan fuscous, or tawny, fleshy, convex, obtuse,
then piano-depressed, smooth, covered with a viscid, easily separable
pellicle. St. 2-5 cm. x 12 mm., whitish at the apex, elsewhere ferru-
ginous with dense adpressed fibrils, sometimes light yellowish, firm,
thickened either upwards or downwards. Gills clay colour, or light
yellowish, adnato-decurrent, broad, moderately crowded. Flesh
white, becoming ferruginous in the St., soft. Spores "nearly elliptical-
oval, 9-10 x 5-6//,, smooth, almost colourless under the microscope.
Cystidia on edge of the gill ventricose-fusiform, with a long pointed
clavate apex, 50-60 x 9-12 fj," Rick. Smell very strong or mild.
Taste very bitter. Pastures. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
984. F. mixta Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 474, t. 476. Mixta, mixed.
P. 2-5-5 cm., dingy tan, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, disc unequal,
darker, rugulose, smooth; margin sloping, paler. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 6-
316 FLAMMULA
8 mm., whitish, equal, either short, ascending, curved, or elongated,
flexuose, with lax, fuscous fibrils, clothed below with reflexed, rufous
fuscous scales, base somewhat thickened. Cortina manifest, fibrillose.
Gills white, then clay colour, subdecurrent, 6-8 mm. broad, somewhat
crowded, unequal at the edge. Flesh watery, rather firm. Spores
yellow brown, "almost almond-shaped, 12-15 x 6-7 /z, smooth.
Cystidia flask-shaped-lanceolate, 50-60 x 13-15/u" Rick. Sub-
caespitose. Pine and mixed woods. Aug. — Nov. Rare.
985. F. juncina W. G. Sm. Cke. lUus. no. 472, t. 475.
Juncina, pertaining to a rush.
P. 3-4 cm., sulphury yellow, disc rich brown, fleshy, hemispherical,
convex. St. 8-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., sulphur yellow, base tawny, attenu-
ated downwards, clothed with a few fibres. Gills red brown, decur-
rent, 4—6 mm. broad, very thin. Flesh sulphur whitish, brownish to-
wards the base of the st., thin at the margin. Taste nauseous and
disagreeable, somewhat bitter. Dead bulrushes in an old clay pit.
Nov. Rare.
986. F. gummosa (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 116, fig. 2.
Gummosa, sticky.
P. 3-6 cm., pallid light yellow, or becoming green, at length ferru-
ginous with the spores, paler at the circumference, fleshy, regular, cam-
panulate, then soon flattened, obtuse, or depressed, covered with a
separable, viscid pellicle, sprinkled with superficial floccose scales, then
smooth. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., ferruginous, rubiginous at the base,
paler upwards, equal, tense, straight, rigid, silky fibrillose. Gills
pale yellowish white, then cinnamon, adnate, narrow, crowded. Flesh
becoming yellow, thin. Spores yellow, elliptical, 5-7 x 3-4/z, smooth.
Cystidia on the surface of the gill sparse, subulate-fusiform, 30-
40 x 7-8//,, on edge of the gill cylindrical, capitate, flexuose, apex
6-7 jit in diam., 40-45 x 4-5 /n. On and about old stumps, and in
grassy places. Oct. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
987. F. decussata Fr. (=Flammula carbonaria Fr. var. decussata Fr.
sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 15, fig. 1.
Decussata, divided crosswise.
P. 3-4 cm., crust colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, viscid, virgate
with innate, radiating, darker fibrils; disc gibbous, darker. St. 3-
5 cm. x 4 mm., pallid above, elsewhere becoming fulvous, equal, ad-
pressedly fibrillose. Cortina manifest. Gills yellowish, then clay colour,
adnate, narrow, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellowish under the
separable pellicle. Spores "7-8 x 3/x" Sacc. Beech woods. Rare.
988. F. spumosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 116, fig. 3. Spumosa, full of foam.
P. 3-5 cm., pallid light yellow, disc often darker, fleshy, convex, then
plane, subumbonate, very viscid, pellicle separable, naked. St. 5-
FLAMMULA 317
10 cm. x 4 mm., light yellow, or concolorous, sometimes olivaceous
fuscous, attenuated downwards, more or less fibrillose, remarkably
cortinate. Gills light yellow, then ferruginous, adnate, crowded. Flesh
light yellow, becoming green, watery, thin. Spores pale ferruginous,
bluntly elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 //,, 2-guttulate. Cystidia "flask-shaped,
50-60 x 10-15/z, long-necked" Eick. Gregarious, or subcaespitose.
Woods, especially fir, sawdust, pastures, and rarely on trunks. Sept.
— Dec. Rare, (v.v.)
989. F. carbonaria Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 475, t. 442
Carbonaria, pertaining to charcoal.
P. 3-9 cm., tawny, fleshy, convex, then soon plane, and often de-
pressed at the disc, smooth, viscid; margin incurved, often floccosely
fimbriate. St. 2-5-11 cm. x 2-14 mm., pallid, often blacJcish at the
base, rigid, equal, or slightly thickened upwards, fibrillosely-squamu-
lose, the mycelium at the base often forming a pseudo-bulb with the
soil. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious. Gills clay, then fuscous clay colour,
adnate, rather broad, crowded. Flesh yellowish, firm, thin at the
margin. Spores fuscous ferruginous, subelliptical, 6-7 x 4/z,, 1-
guttulate. Cystidia flask shaped, apex obtuse, 4-6 /z in diam.,
35-50 x 10-16/z. Densely gregarious. Charcoal heaps, and burnt
earth. Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
III. Cuticle of the p. continuous, not distinct, nor separable, smooth
(here and there with a superficial covering), moist, or a little
viscid in wet weather. Cortina manifest, appendiculate. Spores
not tawny, nor ochraceous. Caespitose, growing on wood.
990. F. filia Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 117, fig. 1. Filia, a daughter.
P. 5-7 cm., pale yellow, disc rufescent, fleshy, convex, soon plane,
moist, smooth. St. 7-5—15 cm. x 12 mm., pallid, base reddish, equal,
or attenuated at the base, smooth. Veil terminated by an incomplete
ring, fugacious. Gills white, then pallid, adnate, somewhat crowded.
Flesh whitish, reddish in the St., thin. Spores "tawny orange, elliptic-
fusiform, 10 x 5fi " Massee. Woods, and on logs. Oct. Rare.
991. F. fusus (Batsch) Fr. Fusus, a spindle.
P. 5-9 cm., somewhat brick colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse,
smooth, slightly viscid. St. 4-6 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid, firm, attenuated
downwards in a fusiform manner, rooting, fibrillosely striate. Cortina
manifest, appendiculate. Gills pallid, or light yellow, then ferruginous,
sometimes becoming green grey, subdecurrent, not very crowded. Flesh
pallid, becoming yellowish, compact, firm. Spores dingy ferruginous,
subelliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 /LI. Cystidia "flask-shaped or clavate with a
318 FLAMMULA
prominent point, 30-36 x 10-15/i, filled with olive yellow juice"
Rick. Taste mild. Gregarious. On the ground, and on stumps. Sept.
— Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. superba Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 478, t. 434. Superba, splendid.
Differs from the type in the bright deep orange p. with darker disc,
the pale orange st., the bright yellow gills, and the reddish tinge of the
flesh. On the ground. Nov. Rare.
992. P. astragalina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 117, fig. 2.
aa-Tpaya\ivos, a goldfinch.
P. 3-8 cm., blood saffron, or golden flesh colour, darker at the disc,
pale at the circumference, fleshy, convex, or lens-shaped, then flattened,
obtuse, somewhat moist in rainy weather, smooth, at first superficially-
silky round the margin with the very thin, adpressed, whitish veil. St.
5-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, or paler, equal, or attenuated down-
wards, flexuose, floccosely fibrillose. Cortina white, manifest, appen-
diculate. Gills pallid light yellow, concolorous with the p. at the base,
adnate, broad, crowded, edge obtuse, flocculose when young. Flesh
concolorous, becoming black when wounded, or bruised, firm. Spores
pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 6 x 3-4/n, 1-guttulate. Cystidia
"clavate-lanceolate, 50-75 x 12-15/u,, filled with olive brown juice"
Rick. Taste bitter. Subcaespitose. Pine and fir stumps, and dead
branches. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
993. F. rubicundula Rea. Grevillea, xxn (1894), t. 185, fig. 2.
Rubicundula, somewhat ruddy.
P. 4-6 cm., yellow, then tinged with red, at length tawny orange,
fleshy, convex, then plane, often splitting at the margin, viscid at
first and innately fibrillose, soon becoming smooth ; margin at first
veiled. St. 5-6 x 1-5-2-5 cm., whitish, then tinged with red and be-
coming red at the base, equal, or attenuated downwards, fibrillose below
the veil, apex white mealy. Veil white, then yellowish and at length
reddening. Gills light ochre, then ferruginous, adnate with a sinus, or
adnato-decurrent, often forming a ring-like zone at the apex of the
st., often separating, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded; edge unequal, tinged
red with age or when bruised. Flesh bright yellow, then lighter. Spores
ferruginous, elliptical, 9-10 x 4-5/i, 1-2-guttulate. Taste acrid. The
whole plant becoming reddish with age, or when touched. Woods,
under scrub oak. July — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
994. F. alnicola Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 480, t. 443.
Alnus, alder; colo, I inhabit.
P. 3-8 cm., yellow, at length becoming ferruginous, and sometimes
green, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, slimy when moist, at
first superficially fibrillose towards the margin. St. 4-9 cm. x 6-
FLAMMULA 319
12 mm., yellow, becoming ferruginous, attenuato-rooting, sometimes
subbulbous at the base, commonly curved, flexuose, fibrillose. Cor-
tina concolorous, either fibrillose, or woven into an arachnoid veil.
Gills dingy pallid, then ferruginous, somewhat adnate, broad, plane.
Flesh concolorous, thick at the disc, not very compact. Spores ferru-
ginous, elliptical, 9 x 4-5/x,, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia flask-shaped,
40-50 x 7-15jt*. Taste bitter. Often fasciculate. On stumps, and
trunks. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. salicicola Fr. Salix, willow; colo, I inhabit.
Differs from the type in the glabrous, rarely at the first fioccosely
squamulose, gibbous p., and the gills being at first yellowish pallid. On
willow. Sept. Rare.
995. P. flavida (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 481, t. 444.
Flavida, light yellowish.
P. 2-5-12-5 cm., bright light yellow, fleshy, convex, then expanded,
obtuse, smooth, moist, generally regular. St. 4-9 cm. x 6-10 mm.,
light yellow, becoming ferruginous towards the base, either attenuated,
or thickened downwards, subflexuose, fibrillose. Cortina white, mani-
fest, woven, adhering to the margin of the p., rarely almost forming
a ring. Gills whitish, then light yellow, at length tawny ferruginous,
adnate, not much crowded. Flesh white, becoming light yellow, thin
at the margin. Spores ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 5-8 x 4/u,,
1-2-guttulate. Cystidia "clavate, 36-40 x 8-9 p., filled with golden
yellow juice" Rick. Caespitose. On trunks, stumps, and buried
wood. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
996. F. inaurata W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 482, t. 477.
Inaurata, gilded.
Entirely sulphur yellow. P. 2-3 cm., fleshy, convex, then expanded,
moist, smooth, furnished with a distinct veil. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. x 4 mm.,
incurved, clothed with innate scales. Veil slight, fibrillose, fugitive.
Gills pale yellowish clay colour, adnate with a decurrent tooth, broad.
Flesh yellowish, ferruginous at base of the st. Taste mild. Single,
or caespitose. Willows. Nov. Rare.
997. F. conissans Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 483, t. 445. KOVIS, dust.
P. 1-7-5 cm., light yellowish tan, fleshy, hemispherico-expanded,
obtuse, or umbilicate, moist, smooth. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-10 mm., be-
coming light yellow white, equal, or attenuated downwards, often
compressed, irregular, twisted, silky, base white- villose. Cortina
white, silky-fibrillose, appendiculate. Gills whitish, then fuscous clay
colour, adnate with a decurrent tooth, linear, 3-4 mm. broad, very
crowded. Flesh white, or pale yellow, equal, 2 mm. thick. Spores
dark ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 4 /A. Cystidia "on edge of gill
320 FLAMMULA
filamentous-clavate, subcapitate, or undulating, 36—45 x 5-7 /u." Rick.
Smell acid. Densely caespitose. Woods, dead stumps, and on willows.
Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
998. F. inopus Fr. (= Flammula fusus (Batsch) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr.
Icon. t. 118, fig. 1. 45, a fibre; TTOV<}, foot.
P. 3-10 cm., honey tan, or reddish tan, paler round the margin,
fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, slippery (almost viscid) when
moist, and smooth when dry. St. 7-25 cm. x 2-10 mm., pallid,
brick colour downwards, equal, or slightly enlarged before continuing
into the long, tapering, rooting base, tough, flexuose, adpressedly fibril-
lose. Cortina fugacious. Gills pale yellowish white, sometimes green, then
becoming purplish, adnate, emarginate, 4—6 mm. broad, thin, crowded.
Flesh concolorous, becoming whitish, ferruginous in the st., thin at the
margin. Spores purple, broadly elliptical, 8 x 5/z, 1-guttulate. Soli-
tary, or caespitose. Pine trunks, and stumps. May — Dec. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
999. P. apicrea Fr. (=Flammula alnicola Fr. var. salicicola Fr. sec.
Quel.) Cke. Ulus. no. 485, t. 436. a-jrucpos, not bitter.
P. 3-7-5 cm., dingy orange, or deep tawny, disc darker, fleshy, con-
vex, then expanded and almost plane, gibbous, or obtusely umbonate,
smooth, moist; margin often splitting. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-10 mm.,
pallid, ferruginous downwards, equal, or attenuated downwards,
covered with ferruginous fibrils, somewhat striate. Gills ferruginous,
shining, adnate, or sinuate, 4—5 mm. broad, thin, crowded, edge often
uneven. Flesh yellow, tawny under the cuticle of the p., and ferruginous
in the base of the st., thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical,
8 x 5/i, 2-3-guttulate. Taste mild. Subcaespitose. Stumps, base of
trees, and deal boards. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1000. F. carnosa Massee. Carnosa, fleshy.
P. 2-3-5 cm., dull tawny orange, very fleshy, soon expanded, broadly
gibbous, edge remaining more or less incurved for some time, even,
smooth. St. 5-7-5 cm., concolorous, subequal, fibrous. Gills rust
coloured, powdered with the spores, slightly decurrent, thin, some-
what crowded. Flesh yellowish, compact, 1 cm. or more thick at the
disc, thin at the extreme edge. Spores brown, elliptical, 7 x 5/x.
Tufted in small clusters. On wood. Sept. Rare.
1001. F. azyma Fr. a £17105, unleavened.
P. 2-3 cm., ferruginous, tan colour when dry, fleshy, convex, then
plane, obtuse, smooth when in full vigour, becoming silky and rimosely
squamulose when dry. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, or paler,
firm, somewhat equal, often curved, or flexuose, slightly fibrillose,
base white woolly. Cortina fugacious, sometimes forming a ring-like
FLAMMULA 321
zone on the st. Gills yellowish, then ferruginous, broadly adnate, con-
nected behind, 4 mm. broad, subdistant, edge whitish. Flesh yellowish,
ferruginous under the cuticle of the p., and in the st., thin at the margin.
Spores ferruginous, navicular, 8-9 x 5/Lt, 1— multi-guttulate, "sub-
verrucose. Cystidia on edge of gill ventricose-subulate, 36-45 x 8-
9/i" Rick. Taste mild. Gregarious, or subcaespitose. On Tilia
cordata, Pyrus Malus, and rotten wood. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
IV. P. scarcely pelliculose, flesh scissile, or torn above into scales,
not viscid, at first somewhat hoary. Veil fibrillosely adpressed
to the st., not furnished with an appendiculate cortina, almost
none, or forming an annular zone on the st. Gills light yellow,
or yellow, then tawny. Spores ochraceous, or tawny. Subcaespi-
tose, always on conifers, or on the ground amongst conifer
branches.
1002. P. penetrans Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 118, fig. 2. Penetrans, penetrating.
P. 5-8 cm., yellowish tawny, or golden, becoming pale and yellowish,
fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, often irregular, dry, smooth, hoary
under a lens when young. St. 5 cm. x 6-10 mm., pallid, or yellowish
becoming pale, firm, somewhat equal, base white villous and often
rooting, sometimes fusiform when on the ground, silky, striate with
tawny fibrils. Cortina white, flocculose, submembranaceous, very
fugacious. Gills whitish, then pale yellow, spotted tawny when old,
adnate, emarginate, 4-6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish ("pale
sulphur yellow" Quel.), thick at the disc. Spores ochraceous, ellip-
tical, "8-9 x 4— 5/x" Sacc. Taste bitter. Gregarious. Coniferous
stumps, and humus. Oct. Uncommon.
1003. F. hybrida Fr. Hybrida, a mongrel.
P. 4-5 cm., tawny cinnamon, then tawny orange, fleshy, hemi-
spherical, with the margin involute, then expanded, obtuse, regular,
well formed, smooth, moist. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 5-10 mm., becoming
tawny, equal, or attenuated upwards, somewhat striate, apex often
somewhat mealy, base white villous. Cortina white, at length coloured
with the ferruginous spores, manifest, forming a ring at the apex of the
st. Gills light yellow, then tawny, adnate, somewhat crowded. Flesh
pallid, or yellow, moderately compact. Spores ferruginous, oblong-
elliptical, 9 x 4 fj,, "roughish. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous,
subcapitate, 45-50 x 4-6 /A" Rick. Taste bitter. Growing in troops.
On fir stumps, and fallen branches. Aug. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1004. F. sapinea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 118, fig. 3.
Sapinea, pertaining to a fir tree.
P. 2-5-10 cm., golden tawny, opaque at the disc, paler and shining
towards the margin, fleshy, hemispherical, then convexo-plane, very
E. B. B. 21
322 FLAMMULA
obtuse, dry, covered with thin, squamulose, adpressed fioccules, often
rimosely scaly, with a few remnants of the yellowish cortina at the
margin. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-12 mm., becoming yellow pallid, turning
fuscous when bruised, irregularly shaped, often compressed, very
fleshy, fibrous, sulcate, or lacunose, naked, often rooting at the base.
Gills golden, at length tawny-cinnamon, adnate, plane, 8 mm. broad,
crowded. Flesh becoming yellow, thick, firm, but at length soft, not
scissile. Spores deep ochraceous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 /*, "roughish.
Cystidia ventricose-fusiform, 36 x 9/u" Rick. Smell strong, taste
often bitter. Subcaespitose. Coniferous stumps, branches, and saw-
dust. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. terrestris Fr. Terrestris, pertaining to the earth.
Differs from the type in the long, fusiform st. Growing on coniferous
humus.
1005. F. liquiritiae (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 119, fig. 1.
Liquiritia, liquorice.
P. 2-5-7-5 cm., bay brown, or orange tawny, becoming pale, fleshy,
convex, then flattened, subumbonate, very smooth, moist; margin at
length flaccid, slightly striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-6 mm.* tawny, then
ferruginous, attenuated upwards, often unequal, curved, striate, some-
what naked, or obsoletely pruinose at the apex, base thickened and
villose. Cortina none. Gills golden, then tawny, obtusely adnate,
sometimes rounded, separating, 6 mm. broad, plane, crowded. Flesh
yellow, yellow tawny in the st., thin, scissile. Spores ochraceous, "sub-
elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/Lt. Cystidia on edge of gill subcylindrical, slightly
ventricose-capitate, 30-40 x 6-9 /u," Rick. Taste slightly bitter, then
sweet like liquorice. Subcaespitose. Fir stumps, rarely pine. Oct.
Uncommon.
1006. F. picrea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 119, fig. 2. Triicpos, bitter.
P. 2-3 cm., rufous, or bay brown cinnamon, becoming pale and tawny,
fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, regular, smooth, rarely
rimuloso-papillate, moist in rainy weather. St. 5—7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm.,
umber, slightly attenuated upwards, tense and straight, white-pul-
verulent when young. Cortina none. Gills yellow, then ferruginous,
adnate, or decurrent and separating, ascending, narrow, 1-2 mm.
broad. Flesh concolorous, very thin, not easily scissile. Spores ferru-
ginous, "elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6/x" Schroet. Taste acid. Caespitose.
Pine stumps, and old deal boards. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
V. Furnished with a cortina. Cuticle of the p. slightly
silky, dry, or at the first viscid.
1007. F. tricholoma (A. & S.) Fr. (= Paxillus tricholoma (A. & S.)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 444, t. 404, fig. B, as Inocybe tricholoma
A. & S. Qpi%, hair; Xo»/xa, fringe.
FLAMMULA 323
P. 1-4 cm., whitish, fleshy, orbicular, rather plane, depressed in the
centre, fibrillose with white, adpressed, fugacious hairs, viscid when
moist, shining when dry; margin fringed with strigose hairs. St. 2-5-
7-5 cm. x 4-5 mm., whitish, slightly attenuated upwards, fibrillosely
scaly at the apex, often becoming reddish in places. Gills whitish, be-
coming pallid fuscous, then clay fuscous, decurrent, 1-2 mm. broad,
thin, crowded. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores pale ochraceous,
globose, 3-5/A, minutely verrucose. Cystidia none. Woods. Sept. —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1008. F. strigiceps Fr. (= Paxillus tricholoma (A. & S.) Quel.)
Strix, a furrow; caput, head.
P. 1-2 cm., obsoletely rufescent, slightly fleshy, convex, obtuse, then
plane, dry, silky with long, strigose hairs; margin at first involute,
fringed with long, defiexed ciliate hairs. St. 3-5 cm. x 4 mm., white,
equal, firm, densely villose, especially when young. Gills whitish,
becoming fuscous, adnato-decurrent, arcuate, crowded. Beech woods.
Eare.
1009. F. helomorpha Fr. (= Paxillus helomorphus (Fr.) Quel.) Fr.
Icon. t. 120, fig. 4. ^Xo<?, a nail; fj,op<j>ij, form.
P. 1—3 cm., white, fleshy, convexo-plane, gibbous, or with a broad,
obtuse, prominent umbo, often angular, viscid, becoming adpressedly
fibrilloso-even when dry; margin thin, unequal, inflexed, naked. St.
2-3 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, equal, or not perceptibly attenuated
from the base, sometimes enlarged upwards, ascending from the
incurved base, adpressedly silky, or pruinose upwards under a lens,
smooth. Gills whitish, scarcely clay colour, plano-decurrent, 1-2 mm.
broad, very crowded. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores pale
ochraceous, globose, 4-5/Lt, minutely verrucose. Fir woods. Oct. —
Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1010. F. scamba Fr. (= Paxillus scambus (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 1. 120,
fig. 3. o-tfa/a/309, crooked.
P. 1-4 cm., whitish, then clay white, fleshy, convex, then plane and
depressed, sometimes umbonate, slightly silky, viscid in wet weather
when young, soon becoming dry and opaque. St. 1-3 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
whitish, equal, curved ascending, fiocculose, or sprinkled with white
mealy squamules, base pubescent, sometimes attenuated and becoming
ferruginous downwards. Gills light yellow clay colour, adnate, or sub-
decurrent, somewhat repand, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores
pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9 x 5/A. Pine woods, and on larch
branches. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1011. F. ochrochlora Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 120, fig. 2.
e3^po<?, pale; x\<op6<;, green.
P. 2-5-5 cm., straw colour, becoming greenish, fleshy, convex, then
I 21-2
324 FLAMMULA. GOMPHIDIUS
plane, obtusely umbonate, dry, silky, squamulose. St. 5-6 cm. x 4-
10 mm., yellowish, becoming ferruginous towards the base, attenuated
upwards, often curved, or flexuose, squamulose and white fioccose.
Cortina white, manifest, Hypholoma-like. Gills whitish, then becoming
greenish, and at length olivaceous, adnate, or somewhat sinuate, 2-
4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, becoming greenish, and ferru-
ginous at the base of the st. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/u,,
1-2-guttulate. Caespitose. On old trunks, and buried wood. Aug. —
Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1012. F. filicea Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 491, t. 450. Filix, a fern.
P. 2-4 cm., deep yellow, disc tawny orange, fleshy, convex, then
plane, or slightly depressed, minutely squamuloso-fibrillose. St. 3-
5 cm. x 3 mm., sulphur yellow, base often tawny, equal, almost smooth.
Veil reddish, adhering to the st. and the margin of the p. in fugacious
fragments. Gills sulphur yellow, then tawny cinnamon, adnate, 3 mm.
broad, crowded. Flesh sulphur yellow, thin. Old tree fern stems.
Spring and summer. Rare.
F . chrysophylla (Fr.) Quel. = Omphalia chrysophylla Fr.
Spores greenish fuscous, or blackish; gills mucilaginous.
Gomphidius Fr.
(<y6fj,<f)os, a large wedge-shaped nail.)
Pileus fleshy, regular, viscid. Stem central, fleshy. Gills decurrent,
mucilaginous. Spores fuscous, olivaceous, or blackish, fusiform, or
oblong, smooth, continuous. Cystidia cylindrical, projecting. Grow-
ing on the ground.
1013. G. glutinosus (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 74, no. 165.
Glutinosus, glutinous.
P. 5-12-5 cm., purple fuscous, or fuscous, often mottled with black
spots, fleshy, convex, obtuse, at length plane, smooth, very glutinous.
St. 5-10 x 1-2 cm., whitish, yellow at the base, equal, thickened, or
attenuated at the base, glutinous, fibrillose, sometimes with black
scales. Cortina annular, fugacious. Gills whitish, then cinereous,
deeply decurrent, forked, distant, mucilaginous, 6-8 mm. broad.
Flesh white, yellow towards the base of the stem, thick. Spores deep
olivaceous, spindle-shaped, 18-24 x 5-6/z, 4-5-guttulate. Cystidia
"cylindrical, 130-160 x 12-16/Li" Rick. Taste bitter. Coniferous
woods. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1014. G. roseus (Fr.) Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 857, t. 880.
Roseus, rose-coloured.
P. 2-5 cm., rose, or rose-red colour, convexo-plane, obconical, obtuse,
at length sometimes depressed, slightly glutinous. St. 3-5 x 1-
GOMPHIDIUS 325
1-5 cm., white, often tinged with rose at the base, attenuated downwards.
Cortina thin, slightly glutinous. Gills whitish cinereous, then olivaceous,
decurrent, 4-5 mm. broad, distant, forked. Flesh white, rosy under
the cuticle and at the base of the st. Spores pale greyish olivaceous,
fusiform, 15-17 x 4-5 /i, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia "cylindrical, 90-
160 x 12-15 fj." Kick. Taste pleasant. Coniferous woods, and under
conifers. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1015. G. viscidus (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Elus. no. 858, t. 881.
Viscidus, viscid.
P. 5-15 cm., fuscous rufous, fleshy, campanulate, or obconical, then
expanded, umbonate, slightly viscid, paler and shining when dry.
St. 7-12 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, paler, yellowish at the base, equal, or
attenuated downwards, fibrillosely scaly, slightly viscid. Cortina
floccose, forming a fugacious ring. Gills olivaceous, then fuscous
purple, deeply decurrent, distant, often branched, edge often paler.
Flesh reddish, deep yellow in the lower two-thirds of the st. Spores
brownish olivaceous, subfusiform, 18-22 x 6-7 /x, 3-guttulate. Cys-
tidia obtusely cylindrical, apex often subcapitate, 135—150 x 15— 17/u,.
Taste mild, often slightly astringent. Edible, indigestible to some
people. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. July — Dec. Common.
(v.v.)
var. testaceus Fr. Testaceus, brick-red.
Differs from the type in the brick-red colour of the flatter p., and base
of st. both externally and internally. Coniferous woods, and under
conifers. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1016. G. maculatus (Scop.) Fr. (= Gomphidius gracilis B. & Br. sec.
Quel.) Maculatus, spotted.
P. 3—6 cm., reddish brown, disc paler, often spotted with black, and
becoming black at the edge, campanulate, or obconic, then plane,
glutinous. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, yellow at the base, becoming
blackish when touched, ventricose downwards, expanding into the p.
at the apex, floccose, slightly viscid. Gills white cinereous, then
olivaceous, deeply decurrent, often forked, somewhat crowded. Flesh
whitish, stained bistre in the p. and yellow towards the base of the st.,
thick at the disc, thin at the margin. Spores olivaceous, fusiform,
somewhat blunt at the end, 17-20 x 6/z, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia
obtusely cylindrical, or fusiform, 120 -140 x 18-20/A. Coniferous
woods, and under conifers. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. Cookei Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 859, t. 882, as Gomphidius macu-
latus Scop. var. M. C. Cooke, the eminent mycologist,
P. 2-5-5 cm., whitish, with black stains especially near the margin,
convex, then subdepressed, or gibbous, viscid. St. 6-8 x 1 cm., pale
above, becoming blackish towards the base, attenuated upwards. Gills
326 GOMPHIDIUS. COLLYBIA
whitish, then brownish, decurrent, distant. Flesh pallid, blackish at the
base of the St., thick at the disc, very thin at the margin. Spores
brownish, fusiform, 20 x 5-6jU, 1-guttulate. Woods. Sept. Rare.
1017. G. gracilis B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 860, t. 883.
Gracilis, slender.
P. 2*5— 5 cm., pale vinous brown, or dingy tan colour, conico-hemi-
spherical, clothed with dingy gluten, at length spotted with black,
especially near the margin, the spots often forming an irregular black
border. St. 4-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., pale above, yellow at the base, and
often becoming blackish, slightly attenuated downwards, flexuose, apex
white squamulose, virgate below with the remains of the gluten. Gills
whitish cinereous, decurrent, arched, forked, thick, obtuse, clothed
(under a lens] with short, washy bistre hairs. Flesh white, yellow, or
reddish at the base of the st., thin at the margin. Spores dingy olive,
or brown, fusiform, 18-19 x 5— 7/z, 2-3-guttulate. Fir woods, and
heaths. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
C. Pileus confluent with, but heterogeneous from,
the cartilaginous stem.
*Gills adnate, or sinuato-adnate.
|Margin of pileus at first incurved, or exceeding the gills.
Spores white.
Collybia Fr.
(Ko\\v/3o<;, a small coin.)
Pileus fleshy, membranaceous, regular; margin incurved. Stem
central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate, adnexed, or free. Spores white,
rarely yellowish, greenish, or brownish red; elliptical, globose, oblong,
pip-shaped; smooth, verrucose, punctate, or echinulate; continuous.
Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground, or on wood;
solitary, or caespitose.
a. St. stout, sulcate, or fibrillosely striate.
A. Gills white, or brightly coloured, not cinereous. Flesh often white.
*Gills broad, subdistant.
1018. C. radicata (Relh.) Berk. Holland, Champ, t. 45, no. 98.
Radicata, rooted.
P. 3-10 cm., fuscous-olivaceous, bistre, or whitish, fleshy, thin, con-
vex, then flattened, gibbous, often irregular, glutinous, radiato-rugose.
St. 10-20 x -5 cm., white, or paler than the p., attenuated upwards,
and downwards from the level of the soil, and forming a long tail-like
fusiform root, smooth, at length striato-sulcate, cuticle cartilaginous,
COLLYBIA 327
often twisted. Grills shining white, sometimes bistre at the edge, attenu-
ated behind, and adfixed, often with a decurrent tooth, at length
somewhat separating, ventricose, distant, rather thick. Flesh white,
thin, soft, elastic. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 14-15 x 8-9/x,,
1-guttulate; "cystidia inflated, cylindric-sack-shaped, 20/x, broad"
Lange. Woods, and pastures. June — Nov. Common.
1019. C. retigera Bres. (= Collybia pkxipes (Fr.) Quel.) Bres. Fung.
Trid. t. 4. Rete, a net; gero, I bear.
P. 3-6 cm., fuscous cinereous, becoming pale, disc somewhat tawny,
fleshy, thin, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, reticulated with
swollen, pale, anastomosing veins, especially when old, dry, smooth;
margin striate. St. 4-6 cm. x 5-7 mm., livid-pallid, equal, somewhat
rooting, often compressed, white-fibrillose. Gills cinereous, edge paler,
fimbriate, rounded behind, almost free, broad, ventricose, somewhat
crowded. Flesh concolorous, thin, soft, somewhat watery. Spores
white, elliptical, 7 x 5-6ja. Beech stumps. Dec. Uncommon.
1020. C. Henriettae W. G. Sm. Henrietta Smith.
P. 10 cm., somewhat yellowish umber, convex, then expanded, dry,
even, somewhat downy. St. 18-19 cm. x 6-7 mm., pale pallid yellowish
brown, darker below, attenuated upwards, even, slightly rooting, sub-
pruinose. Gills broadly adnate, slightly rounded behind, broad,
distant. Flesh very thin, pale pallid yellowish brown in the st. Spores
white, 18 x 12/x. On and about trees, stumps, etc. Sept. Un-
common.
1021. C. longipes (Bull.) Berk. (= Marasmius longipes (BuU.) Quel.)
Longus, long; pes, foot.
P. 5-10 cm., pale brown, fleshy, thin, conico-expanded, then plane,
umbonate, dry, somewhat velvety-villous. St. 8-12 cm. x 6-8 mm.,
dark brown, attenuated upwards, with a long fusiform root, velvety,
at length sulcate. Gills milk white, free, rounded behind, very distant,
ventricose. Flesh white, yellowish in the stem, firm. Spores white,
globose, 12-15//,. Cystidia "very sparse, cylindrical-subulate, 50-
60 x 8-lOju," Rick. Taste nutty. Edible. Heaths, and pastures.
Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. badia Lucand. Badia, bay brown.
Differs from the type in being thinner and smaller, and in the deep
chestnut brown p. and st. covered with long, bay brown, shining hairs.
Spores globose, 10-11/i. Hedgerows. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
1022. C. eriocephala Rea. epiov, wool; Ke<f)a\rj, head.
P. 3-6 cm., fulvous tawny, convex, then expanded, velvety; margin
involute. St. 4-7 x -5-1-5 cm., concolorous, paler above, fusiform,
extending into the long, branched, rhizomorphoid, brown mycelium,
328 COLLYBIA
striate, only slightly velvety at the thickest part. Gills deep ochre,
sinuato-adnate, 5-8 mm. broad, distant. Flesh pale, then yellowish,
somewhat rufous at the base of the st., thick at the disc, firm. Spores
white, oblong, 7-8 x 3-4/n, 1-2-guttulate. Caespitose. Interior of a
rotten elm stump, and in timber yards. Sept. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1023. C. platyphylla (Pers.) Fr. (= Collybia grammocephala (Bull.)
Quel.; Collybia platyphylla var. repens Fr.) Holland, Champ,
t. 47, no. 101, as Collybia grammocephala.
7rA.aTU9, broad; $v\\ov, leaf.
P. 5-20 cm., fuscous, or cinereous, becoming whitish, fleshy mem-
branaceous, thin, fragile, convex, soon flattened, obtuse, watery when
moist, streaked with bistre fibrils. St. 7-12 x 1-2 cm., whitish, equal,
fibrillosely striate, apex sometimes pruinose, arising from a network of
white, creeping, string-like mycelium. Gills white, obliquely truncate
behind, slightly adnexed, very broad, 10-15 mm., distant, soft. Flesh
white, thin at the margin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 8-10 x 6-
8fji, 1-guttulate; "cystidia sack-shaped-club-shaped, 14/A broad"
Lange. Woods. May — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1024. C. fumosa (Pers.) Quel. (= Collybia semitalis Fr. sec. Quel. :
Tricholoma immundum Berk. sec. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid.
t. 156. Fumosa, smoky.
P. 3-9 cm., pitch black, lurid grey, or smoky greyish, becoming paler
and spotted fuscous, fleshy, convexo-campanulate, then expanded and
depressed, silky, then smooth; margin undulate, finally splitting. St.
4-8 x -5-1-5 cm., concolorous, or paler, subequal, subcartilaginous,
somewhat fibrillosely striate, base sometimes bulbous. Gills greyish-
cinereous, rounded behind, or truncate and free, veined at the sides,
spotted with black when touched. Flesh cinereous, becoming whitish,
thick at the disc. Spores white, globose, 6-7 /z, 1-guttulate. Smell
rancid, taste bitterish. Caespitose. Woods, and pastures. Sept. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1025. C. crassifolia (Berk.) Bres. (= Tricholoma crassifolium Berk.)
Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 157. Crassus, thick; folium, leaf.
P. 4-7 cm., lurid ochraceous, disc fuscous, becoming concolorous,
fleshy, convex, or campanulate and umbonate, then expanded and
depressed silky, becoming smooth; margin undulate, or lobed. St.
2-5-5 x -5-1-5 cm., white, becoming fuscous, often attenuated at the
base, pruinose, becoming smooth, round, or compressed, subcarti-
laginous. Gills whitish-grey, becoming bluish and finally blackish when
touched, rounded behind, adnexed, sometimes forked, distant, broad,
thick, fleshy. Flesh white, spotted black when broken, thick at the disc.
Spores white, globose, 5-7 /x, 1-guttulate. Smell strong, rancid, taste
mild. Coniferous woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
COLLYBIA 329
1026. C. semitalis Fr. (= CollyUa fumosa (Pers.) Quel.) Bres. Fung.
Trid. t. 158. Semitalis, pertaining to footpaths.
P. 3—7 cm., whitish fuliginous, or fuscous, becoming pale cinereous
yellow, or isabelline when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, convex, or con-
vexo-campanulate, then expanded and umbonate, or depressed,
smooth, moist, sometimes innately fibrillose; margin striate. St.
3-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, becoming fuscous, subequal, fibrillose, base
white-strigose. Gills white, becoming yellowish, and finally spotted black
when touched, adnate, or sinuato-adnate, somewhat crowded. Flesh
white, becoming black when broken, thin. Spores white, elliptical,
7-8 x 3-4/z, pointed at one end, 1-guttulate. Smell rancid, taste
bitterish. Coniferous woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1027. C. fusipes (Bull.) Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 185, t. 141.
Fusus, a spindle ; pes, foot.
P. 4-10 cm., rufescent reddish brown, or liver colour, becoming pale,
or dingy tan, fleshy, convex, then flattened, umbonate, the umbo
evanescent, smooth, dry, often splitting. St. 7-15 x 1 cm., concolorous,
very cartilaginous, swollen, ventricose in the middle, attenuated at both
ends, often twisted, longitudinally striato-sulcate, fusiformly attenuated
at the base and blackish, often arising from the remains of under-
ground stems of a previous year's growth, the so-called sclerotium
of Leveille. Gills whitish, becoming concolorous and often spotted,
annulato-adnexed, soon separating, free, broad, distant, firm, con-
nected by veins, crisped. Flesh concolorous, becoming whitish, firm.
Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/M. Cystidia filiform, flexuose,
clavate, 10-44 x 1-2/z. Taste mild. Edible. Caespitose, at the base
of oaks and on old stumps. May — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. oedematopus (Schaeff.) Fr. Bulliard, t. 76, as Agaricusfusiformis.
oiBrjfj,a, a swelling; TTOVS, foot.
Differs from the type in the rufous date brown, conical, then plane,
pulverulent p., the pulverulent, very ventricose stem, and the pallid gills.
Stumps. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. contorta (Bull.) Gill. & Lucand. Bulliard, t. 36.
Contorta, twisted together.
Differs from the type in the equal, contorted stems, connate at the
base, the white, crowded gills, and the deeper coloured, thinner p. Stumps.
1028. C. lancipes Fr. Lancea, a spear; pes, foot.
P. 4-7 cm., pale reddish brown, or flesh colour, becoming paler, often
white at the striate margin, fleshy, convex, then plane, often umbonate,
radiately rugose, smooth. St. 4-10 cm. x 5-12 mm., concolorous, or
paler, equal, attenuated at the base, striate, tivisted. Gills pale flesh
330 COLLYBIA
colour, or yellowish, emarginate, adnexed, becoming free, broad, thick,
distant, often connected by veins. Flesh whitish, reddish under tJie
cuticle. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6 x 4ju,, 1-2-guttulate. Taste mild.
Edible. On the ground, and near stumps. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
**Gills narrow, crowded.
1029. C. maculate (A. & S.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 186, t. 142.
Maculata, spotted.
P. 7-12 cm., white, then spotted rufescent, rarely becoming wholly
rufescent, fleshy, very compact, convexo-plane, obtuse, repand,
smooth; margin thin, involute at first. St. 7-12 x 1-2 cm., white,
spotted rufescent, somewhat ventricose, attenuated downwards to the
praemorse base, hard, externally cartilaginous, striate. Gills cream
colour, often spotted rufescent, emarginato-free, linear, 2-4 mm. broad,.
very crowded, denticulate. Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores white, sub-
globose, 5-6/z, punctate. Cystidia none. Smell pleasant, or none.
Taste unpleasant, bitter. Beech, and pine woods. May — Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
var. immaculate Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 187, t. 221.
Immaculata, unspotted.
Differs from the type in not being spotted, and in the broader gills.
Pine woods. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. scorzonerea (Batsch) Fr. Scorzon, a serpent.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, and in becoming yellowish,
in the long, rooting often flexuose St., and the yellowish gills. Beech
woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1030. C. fodiens Kalchbr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 36, fig. 2.
Fodiens, digging,
P. 5-8, flesh colour, becoming yellowish, disc darker yellow, fleshy,
firm, convex, obtuse, smooth; margin involute. St. 10-12 cm. x 10-
12 mm., white, firm, subventricose, often longitudinally ribbed, smooth,
attenuated downwards in a long root deeply sunk in the ground. Gills
yellowish white, emarginate, rounded behind, narrow, crowded. Flesh
yellowish, thick at the disc, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5 /z,
1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Grassy places. Oct. Uncom-
mon, (v.v.)
1031. C. prolixa (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Prolixa, stretched out.
P. 5-12 cm., brick-red ferruginous, becoming paler, fleshy, fragile,
convex, then plane, gibbous, lax, smooth, margin often irregular.
St. 10 x 1-3 cm., brick-red, firm, subequal, sulcate, often scrobiculate,
minutely pubescent, fibrillose, base praemorse. Gills white, free,
COLLYBIA 331
crowded. Flesh, white, rather thick. Spores white, "subglobose, 3-4 /JL,
smooth" Rick. In dense clusters on leaf heaps. Aug. — Sept. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1032. C. distorta Fr. Distorta, twisted.
P. 5-9 cm., bay brown, becoming pale, fleshy, thin, convex, then
expanded, umbonate, very lax, smooth. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., pallid,
fragile, externally cartilaginous, attenuated upwards from the tomen-
tose base, contorted, sulcate. Gills white, then spotted rubiginous,
slightly adnexed, crowded, somewhat linear, toothed. Flesh white,
reddish under the cuticle of the p. and in the centre of the stem, thin.
Spores white, broadly elliptical, 5-6 x 4-5/*, 3-4-guttulate. Gre-
garious, or growing in rings. Pine woods. July — Nov. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
1033. C. butyracea (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 189, t. 143.
Butyracea, buttery.
P. 5-8 cm., rufous brown, fuscous livid, bistre, or bay, becoming pale
and almost white when dry, fleshy, convex, then expanded, more or
less umbonate, smooth, greasy. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., rufous, or bistre,
conico-attenuated upwards from the swollen, white-tomentose base,
cuticle rigid, cartilaginous, striate, smooth, rarely villous. Gills white,
slightly adnexed, somewhat free, broad, thin, crowded, crenulate.
Flesh pinkish, or pale brown, becoming whitish, soft, watery, with a
horn-like line at the base of the gills. Spores white, elliptical, 9x4-
5/z, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Woods, heaths, and hilly pastures.
Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. bibulosa Massee. Bibulosa, sodden.
Differs from the type in the dingy olive p.
var. aurorea (Larb.) Fr. Aurorea, like the dawn.
Differs from the type in the thinner p., and striate margin.
C. phaeopodia (Bull.) Fr. = Tricholoma phaeopodium (Bull.) Quel.
1034. C. stridula Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 62, lower figs. Stridula, creaking.
P. 3-6 cm., blackish, or fuliginous, becoming pale, fleshy, soft, con-
vex, then plane, slightly umbonate, smooth, moist, or slightly viscid,
hygrophanous. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, cylindrical, rigid,
but fragile, subcartilaginous, fibrillosely striate, base thickened, prae-
morse. Gills white, arcuato-adnexed, crowded, broad. Flesh brown,
then whitish, soft. Spores white, "8-10 x 4/z" Sacc. On the ground.
Oct. Rare.
1035. C. pulla (Schaeff.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 1.
Pulla, dusky.
P. 3-6 cm., purplish bay, nearly black, becoming paler when dry,
332 COLLYBIA
fleshy, thin, fragile, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, smooth,
hygrophanous. St. 6-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., whitish, equal, twisted, some-
what striate, apex mealy, attenuated at the praemorse base. Gills
whitish, adnexed, rather broad, transversely pellucid- striate and veined,
crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical,
10 x 6-7 /A. Smell none, or strong of garlic. Caespitose, or solitary.
Birch stumps. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1036. C. xylophila (Weinm.) Fr. (= Mycena rugosa Fr. sec. Quel.)
Fr. Icon. t. 63, lower figs. £v\ov, wood; <£tXo<?, loving.
P. 6-10 cm., whitish, or becoming fuscous tan at the disc, slightly
fleshy, campanulate, lax, obtuse, or with a minute umbo, then ex-
panded, broadly gibbous, smooth, moist ; margin often rimosely split.
St. 4-8 cm. x 5-8 mm., whitish, equal, often flexuose, fibrillosely
striate. Gills white, adnate, often decurrent with a small tooth, very
narrow, 2 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh becoming watery fuscous,
thin, fragile. Spores white, "elliptical, 4 x 2-5/x" Massee. Caespitose.
Old stumps. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
ft. St. thin, velvety, floccose, or pruinose.
*Gills broad, subdistant.
1037. C. velutipes (Curt.) Fr. (= Pleurotus velutipes (Curt.) Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 191, t. 184, fig. A. Vellus, a fleece; pes, foot.
P. 2-10 cm.., fulvous, or tawny, sometimes paler at the margin, fleshy,
convex, soon becoming plane, often excentric, irregular and repand,
smooth, viscid; margin spreading, at length slightly striate. St. 5-
10 cm. x 4-8 mm., lemon yellow, then umber and blackish, equal, often
ascending, or twisted, tough, cartilaginous, densely velvety. Gills
pallid yellow, becoming tawny, broader and rounded behind, slightly
adnexed, subdistant, very unequal. Flesh yellowish, thin at the margin,
watery, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/x,, 1-2-guttulate.
"Cystidia conic, rather acute, almost subulate, 8-12;u, broad, pro-
truding part 18-30 /u- long" Lange. Taste and smell very pleasant.
Edible. Caespitose. On old stumps, fallen trunks, and pales. Aug. —
April. Common, (v.v.)
var. lactea Quel. Lactea, milk-white.
Differs from the type in being creamy white. Stumps. Oct. (v.v.)
var. rubescens Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1141, t. 650.
Rubescens, becoming reddish.
Differs from the type in the bright ferruginous brown p., the darker
blackish cinnamon St., and the gills becoming spotted with brown.
Amongst fir leaves.
COLLYBIA 333
1038. C. laxipes (Batt.) Fr. (= Marasmius laxipes (Batt.) Quel.)
Quel. Jur. et Vosg. n, t. 2, fig. 2. Laxus, loose; pes, foot.
P. 1-3 cm., whitish, often yellowish at the disc, slightly fleshy, con-
vexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, moist, sometimes striate. St. 6-12 cm.
x 2-4 mm., rufous, lax, stiff, velvety, apex white pruinose, channelled,
and twisted when dry. Gills milk white, separating free, broad, ventri-
cose, distant. Flesh white, rufous in the st., thin. Spores white, ellip-
tical, 5-6 x 3/i, 1-guttulate. Amongst pine chips, twigs, and on
wood. Feb. — Sept. Not common, (v.v.)
1039. C. mimica W. G. Sm. Cke. IUus.no. 192, 1. 129. Mimica, mimic.
P. 2-4 cm., pale yellow-buff, disc brownish buff, slightly fleshy,
plane, smooth, with a thin separable cuticle. St. 5 cm. x 3-4 mm.,
deep brown, apex yellow buff and smooth, or slightly pruinose, base
fibrillose, fibrillosely striate in the middle. Gills dingy ochraceous,
very broad, subdistant. Flesh rufous, very thin. Spores white, ellip-
tical, 8 x 4-5/u,. Smell and taste strong, like fish. Amongst deal
shavings. Nov. Uncommon.
1040. C. floccipes Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1142, t. 1168.
Floccus, a flock of wool; pes, foot.
P. 1-2 cm., fuliginous black, becoming livid, rather fleshy, campanu-
late, then convex, umbonate, smooth. St. 3-5 cm. x 2—3 mm., pallid,
equal, straight, rooting, rough with black, punctiform, fioccose scales.
Gills white, adnexed, ventricose, thick, subdistant. Flesh white, greyish
under the cuticle of the p., thin. Spores " white, subglobose, promi-
nently apiculate, 5—6 x 4— 5fj,. Cystidia abundant, narrowly lan-
ceolate, 60-90 x 7-11/i, apex subobtuse " Kauffm. On the ground,
and about trunks, in beech woods. Sept. Rare.
C. undata Berk. = Marasmius undatus (Berk.) Quel.
C. vertirugis Cke. = Marasmius undatus (Berk.) Quel.
C. stipitaria Fr. = Crinipellis stipitarius (Fr.) Pat.
1041. C. leucomyosotis Cke. & Smith. Cke. Illus. no. 1144, t. 651.
\evfc6s, white; Myosotis, the Forget-me-not.
P. 2'5— 3 cm., pale mouse-grey, disc darker, paler at the margin, the
whole plant becoming pallid, almost white when dry, fleshy, convex, then
expanded, sometimes obtusely umbonate; margin faintly striate.
St. 10-13 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid, equal, very brittle, apex slightly
pruinose, base white, obtuse. Gills white, adnate, sinuate behind,
thick, subdistant. Flesh dingy, rather thick. Spores white, elliptical,
6-7 x 4/i, 1-guttulate. Cystidia flask-shaped, apex obtuse, 3-3'5^t
in. diam., 25-30 x 7/i. Smell strong, rather fragrant. On Sphagnum
in bogs. May — Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
** Gills very narrow, crowded.
C. hariolorum (DC.) Fr. = Marasmius hariolorum (DC.) Quel.
334 COLLYBIA
C. confiuens (Pers.) Fr. = Marasmius hariolorum (DC.) Quel.
C. ingrata (Schum.) Fr. = Marasmius ingratus (Schum.) Quel.
C. esculenta (Wulf.) Fr. = Marasmius esculentus (Wulf.) Karst.
C. conigena (Pers.) Bres. = Marasmius conigenus (Pers.) Karst.
1042. C. cirrhata (Schum.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 68, fig. 1. Cirrata, curled.
P. -5-1 cm., white, disc rufescent, or ochraceous, slightly fleshy,
conico-eonvex, then plane, umbilicato-depressed, and often with a
small central protuberance, slightly silky, at length very delicately, and
often concentrically rivulose. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 1 mm., pallid, filiform,
flexuose, white-pulverulent, rooted with a fibrillose twisted tail. Gills
white, adnate, at length occasionally separating, linear, very narrow,
very unequal, crowded. Flesh whitish, very thin. Spores white, ellip-
tical, 4-5 x 2-3/x. Amongst leaves and on bare ground. Aug. — Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
1043. C. tuberosa (Bull.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 23, as Agaricus
tuberosus. Tuberosa, having a swelling.
P. 4-12 mm., white, disc ochraceous, slightly fleshy, convex, then
plane, umbonate, slightly silky, becoming smooth, opaque. St. 1-5-
3 cm. x 1 mm., white, or rufescent, equal, commonly ascending,
pruinose, arising from a purple brownish, or ochraceous, pear-shaped
or roundish lobed sclerotium. Flesh whitish, or reddish becoming whitish,
very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 2-5-3 /x, punctate. Cystidia
"on edge of gill scattered, filamentous" Rick. On dead Agarics,
chiefly Russula adusta, Russula nigricans, Lactarius vellereus, Poly-
porus squamosus and Hydnei. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1044. C. racemosa (Pers.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 287.
Racemosa, clustered.
P. 5-8 mm., grey, submembranaceous, convex, then plane, often
imperfectly formed, papillate, tomentose, striate. St. 3-5 cm. x 1 mm.,
grey, springing from a swollen black sclerotium, racemose with simple,
small, capitate hairs, which are globose at the apex, hyaline, glutinous,
and are really oblong, 12-15/x long, guttulate, greenish conidia.
Gills concolorous, adnate, very narrow, crowded. Spores "oval, in-
curved, 5/x, minutely echinulate, greyish " Quel. On the ground, and
rotten fungi. Sept. — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
7. St. thin, glabrous.
*Gills broad, rather distant.
1045. C. cofflna (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 198, t. 205.
Collina, belonging to hills.
P. 2-5-5 cm., pale fuscous, or pale tan, fleshy-membranaceous, cam-
panulate, then expanded and often umbonate, smooth, subviscid, striate
when moist, shining when dry. St. 7-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid
COLLYBIA 335
whitish, or cream colour, subequal, or slightly attenuated upwards,
somewhat fragile, smooth, apex mealy, base pubescent, praemorse.
Gills whitish, adnexed, then free, broad, lax, often veined at the base,
subdistant. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, "pruniform, 10/u,,
1-guttulate" Quel. Smell like burnt meat. Edible. Beech stumps,
and forming rings in pastures and on grassy slopes. May — Oct.
Uncommon.
1046. C. thelephora Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1143, t. 1167.
#77X7;, a nipple; <f>epa), I bear.
P. 2-3 cm., pale dingy ochraceous, disc darker, slightly fleshy, cam-
panulate, lax, with a small, acute, papillate umbo, then expanded and
wavy, often depressed round the umbo, smooth, slightly striate;
margin at first incurved. St. 6-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., purplish brown at
the base, paler upwards, equal, smooth. Gills whitish, adnate, narrower
in front, 3 mm. broad, thin, rather crowded. Flesh pinkish, thin.
Spores white, elliptical, 9 x Ip. Gregarious. Peat bogs, and partly
dried up Sphagnum swamps. Sept. Uncommon.
1047. C. ventricosa (BuU.) Fr. Bulliard, t. 411, fig. 1.
Ventricosa, ventricose.
P. 1-4 cm., tan, or isabelline, slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex,
umbonate, smooth; margin slightly striate. St. 6-10 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
concolorous, or rufescent, base ventricose and attenuated into a long,
slender, tapering root, smooth. Gills rufescent, arcuato-adfixed, ventri-
cose, subdistant, undulate. Flesh white, thin. Spores white. Soli-
tary, or gregarious. Woods. Oct. Uncommon.
1048. C. Stevensonii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 199, t. 145, fig. B.
Rev. John Stevenson, the eminent Scotch mycologist.
P. 1-1-5 cm., pallid yellow, slightly fleshy, semi-ovate, obtuse, viscid,
here and there spotted by the viscous matter. St. 3-5 cm. x 2 mm.,
slightly rufous, attenuated at the base into a somewhat long, thread-like
root deeply immersed in the soil, fibrillose, pulverulent upwards. Gills
white, adnate with a decurrent tooth, subventricose, very broad, dis-
tant. Flesh white, reddish in the st., thin. Spores white, elliptical,
10-11 x 7-8 ju-. Old pastures. Aug. Rare.
1049. C. psathyroides Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 200, t. 266.
Psathyra, the genus Psathrya', etSo?, like.
Entirely ivory white. P. 2-5 cm. high, 18 mm. broad, slightly fleshy,
campanulate, obtuse, rather viscid; margin regular, even. St. 7-
10 cm. x 3-4 mm., equal, straight, rather tough. Gills adnate with
a decurrent tooth, very broad, 6-8 mm., triangular, subdistant. Flesh
whitish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 15 x 7/z. On the ground in
woods. Oct. Rare.
336 COLLYBIA
1050. C. xanthopus Fr. %av06<;, yellow; TTOV<;, foot.
P. 2-5-5 cm., tan, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex,
then expanded, lax, umbonate, smooth, dry; margin at length spread-
ing, slightly striate. St. 6-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., tawny yellow, equal,
tough, smooth, strigosely rooting at the base. Gills whitish, truncate
behind, adnexed, then free, very broad, crowded, lax. Flesh white,
yellowish under the cuticle of the p., rufous in the St., thin. Spores white,
elliptical, 5 x 3jti, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "flask-shaped, 45-50 x 10-
15/x " Rick. On stumps, and amongst leaves, chiefly in pine woods.
July — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1051. C. nitellina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 65, figs. 1, 2.
Nitellina, belonging to a dormouse.
P. 1-5-4 cm., tawny, or brick tawny, becoming tan colour when dry,
submembranaceous, convexo-plane, obtuse, often umbonate, elastic,
flaccid, hygrophanous, smooth, polished, somewhat rugulose under a
lens, pellucido-striate when moist. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 3-5 mm.., ferru-
ginous tawny, becoming yellow when dry, equal, flexuose, cartilaginous,
shining, polished, apex often pruinose, base white villous. Gills
whitish, or citron yellow, then, flesh colour, adnate, very obtuse behind,
broad, attenuated in front, somewhat crowded, often undulate. Flesh
concolorous, thin. Spores "bright brownish red in the mass, yellowish
under the microscope, elliptical, with a basal apiculus, 7-8 x 4-5/i, or
sometimes 10 x 5//,, 1-many-guttulate, warted" Rene Maire. Smell
strong, rancid, or "like melon" Quel. Taste mild. Edible. Forming
rings on the ground in coniferous woods. May — Oct. Uncommon.
1052. C. succinea Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 203, t. 151, upper figs.
Succinea, of amber.
P. 2-5-5 cm., rufous, or brown fuscous, becoming pale, fleshy, thin,
convex, then flattened, obtuse, at length depressed and unequal,
rimosely split when dry, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-5 mm., rufescent,
apex paler, equal, attenuated at the base, tough, smooth, shining,
sometimes arising from nodules of compact mycelium. Gills cream
colour, adnate, obtuse behind, very broad, rather thick, not much
crowded, delicately toothed. Flesh reddish, thin. Spores white, pip-
shaped, 7-8 x 4/n, depressed on one side, multi-guttulate. Cystidia
none. Solitary or gregarious in coniferous woods and under conifers.
May — Aug. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1053. C. nummularia (Lam.) Fr. Cke. IUus. no. 203, t. 151, lower figs.
Nummularia, like a coin.
P. 1^4 cm., whitish, or very pale ochre, becoming white, tinged yellow at
the umbilicate disc, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, orbicular, then
depressed round the obsolete umbo, hygrophanous, smooth. St. 3-5 cm.
x 3-4 mm., whitish, attenuated downwards to the bulbous, tomentose
COLLYBIA 337
base, curved, tough, smooth. Gills white, free, subdistant, narrow,
minutely toothed. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 7x4-
5/i. In troops, in mixed woods. July — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
C. tenacella (Pers.) Fr. = Marasmius conigenus (Pers.) Karst.
C. tenacella (Pers.) Fr. var. stolonifera (Jungh.) = Marasmius coni-
genus (Pers.) Karst.
1054. C. planipes (Brig.) Fr. Planus, flat; pes, foot.
P. 2-3 cm., bay, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, orbicular, somewhat
viscid, smooth; margin paler, crenate. St. 3cm. x 2-3 mm., con-
colorous, equal, compressed, rooting. Gills whitish, free, ventricose.
Spores white. Caespitose. Woods. Sept. Rare.
**Gills narrow, crowded.
1055. C. acervata Fr. (= Collybia enjthropus (Pers.) Quel.) Fr. Icon.
t. 64, lower figs. Acervata, heaped up.
P. 3-7 cm., reddish flesh colour, whitish when dry, slightly fleshy,
convex, then flattened, obtuse, or at length gibbous ; margin at first
involute, at length flattened and slightly striate. St. 5-10 cm. x 2-
5 mm., rufous, sometimes brown, rigid-fragile, slightly attenuated up-
wards, rarely compressed, very smooth, base white-tomentose. Gills
flesh colour, then whitish, adnexed, soon free, linear, narrow, plane,
very crowded. Flesh pallid, reddish in the St., thin. Spores white,
elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4/A. Caespitoso-fasciculate. Pine stumps. Aug. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. = Marasmius dryophilus (Bull.) Karst.
C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. funicularis Fr. = Marasmius dryophilus
(Bull.) Karst. var. funicularis (Fr.) Rea.
C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. aurata Quel. = Marasmius dryophilus
(Bull.) Karst. var. auratus (Quel.) Rea.
C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. oedipus Quel. = Marasmius dryophilus
(Bull.) Karst. var. oedipus (Quel.) Rea.
C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. alvearis Cke. = Marasmius dryophilus
(Bull.) Karst. var. alvearis (Cke.) Rea.
C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. aquosa (Bull.) Quel. = Marasmius dryo-
philus (Bull.) Karst. var. aquosus (Bull.) Rea.
1056. C. extuberans (Batt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 202, t. 146, as Collybia
nitellina Fr. Extuberans, swelling out.
P. 2-5 cm., rufous fuscous, bay brown, occasionally becoming pale,
slightly fleshy, convex, then flattened, orbicular, at length depressed
round the prominent umbo, smooth, slightly viscid when moist. St.
4-5 cm. x 3-5 mm., concolorous, or paler, equal, tense and straight,
R. B. B. 22
338 OOLLYBIA
smooth, shining, base attenuated and rooting. Gills white, then cream
colour, somewhat free, reaching the st. with a small tooth, crowded,
narrow, plane. Flesh reddish, becoming white, thin. Spores white,
pip-shaped, 6 x 3/z, ("yellowish" Quel). Smell pleasant, or none.
Edible. On the ground, and on trunks, in pastures, and coniferous
woods. May — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
C. exsculpta Fr. = Marasmius exsculptus (Fr.) Rea.
1057. C. luteifolia Gillet. Luteus, yellow; folia, leaves.
P. 3-5 cm., reddish, or cinnamon, becoming paler and white or
whitish, slightly fleshy, convex, soon plane, smooth, glabrous; margin
often lobed, irregular. St. 3-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal,
smooth. Gills sulphur yellow, free, rounded at the base, pointed at
the margin, very crowded. Flesh white, reddish in the st. Taste pleasant.
Woods, and parks. Rare.
1058. C. macilenta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 66, fig. 1. Macilenta, lean.
P. 1-2-5 cm., dark yellow, bright yellow at the margin, slightly fleshy,
convex, then plane, obtuse, orbicular, smooth, dry. St. 4 cm. x 2-
3 mm., concolorous, or bright light yellow, becoming brownish at the
fibrillose, rooting base, tough, cartilaginous, flexuose, smooth. Gills
pure yellow, separating- free, narrow, linear, very crowded, very unequal.
Flesh yellow, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 4^i. " Cystidia hair-
shaped, subnodulose or wavy'; Lange. Amongst pine needles.
Autumn. Rare.
C. clavus (Linn.) Fr. = Mycena clavus (Linn.) Rea.
1059. C. ocellata Fr. (= Collybia cirrhata (Schum.) Quel. var. ocel-
lata (Fr.) Rene Maire.) Cke. lilus. no. 209, t. 147, middle figs.
Ocellata, having little eyes.
P. 1-2 cm., whitish, fuscous, rufous, or yellowish at the depressed,
eye-like, umbonate disc, slightly fleshy, conico-convex, then plane,
smooth ; margin crenulate. St. 3-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, becoming
yellowish, or fuscous, equal, filiform, tough, smooth, often pruinose,
base fibrillose and rooting. Gills white, adnate, at length separating,
crowded, the alternate ones shorter. Flesh white, thin. Spores white,
elliptical, 5 x 3/u.. Amongst mosses, and Jungermannia in woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1060. C. muscigena (Schum.) Fr. (= Mycena musdgena (Schum.)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 209, t. 147, lowest figs.
Muscus, moss; yiyvopai,, to be born.
Entirely white. P. 3-6 mm., submembranaceous, pellucid, globoso-
hemispherical, then flattened, obtuse, smooth, withering up. St. 3-
4 cm. x 1 mm., capillary, flexuose, flaccid, smooth, base attenuated,
COLLYBIA 339
rooting. Grills adnate, linear, somewhat crowded, the alternate ones
shorter. Flesh very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /u, minutely
echinulate. Amongst moss, and short grass. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
JW;.)
C. ludia Fr. = Mycena lactea (Pers.) Fr. var. pithya (Pers.) Fr.
B. Gills becoming cinereous. Hygrophanous.
8. P. fuscous, or becoming cinereous.
*Gills crowded, rather narrow.
1061. C. rancida Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 210, t. 153, upper figs.
Rancida, stinking.
P. 2-5 cm., lead colour, or fuliginous, disc blackish, or fuscous, at
first covered with a delicate, silky, white pruina, then becoming paler,
slightly fleshy-cartilaginous, tough, convex, then plane, broadly and
obtusely umbonate, smooth, viscid when very wet. St. 7—15 cm. x 4—
6 mm., livid, becoming greyish, rigid, equal, tense and straight, smooth,
attenuated at the base into a long, fusiform, villous root. Gills dark
cinereous, somewhat pruinose, free, crowded, narrow, but ventricose.
Flesh greyish, thin at the margin. Spores white, oblong elliptical,
9-10 x 4-5/x, 1-2-guttulate, minutely punctate. Smell like rancid
meal. Woods, and hedgerows. Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1062. C. eustygia Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1146, t. 1185.
ev, truly; crrvyia, belonging to the nether world.
P. 3-5 cm., dingy white, disc a little darker, shining when dry, fleshy,
convex, then plane, sometimes depressed, sometimes wavy, smooth.
St. 5-8 cm., white above, sprinkled with small punctate scales, darker
below and often becoming sooty, attenuated downwards into a rooting
base, often curved, somewhat longitudinally striate, or fibrous. Gills
dark grey, rounded behind, adnexed, or almost free, rather broad,
not crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, globose,
4r-5fj,. Smell like rancid meal. The whole plant becoming black in
drying. On the ground. Oct. Uncommon.
1063. C. coracina Fr. Kopa^, a raven.
P. 2—4 cm., fuscous and shining, becoming grey and opaque when dry,
somewhat fleshy-cartilaginous, convexo-expanded, umbonate, or de-
pressed, often irregular and undulate, smooth, hygrophanous', margin
sometimes wrinkled. St. 2-4 cm. x 4-8 mm., becoming fuscous, very
cartilaginous, tough, rigid, at length fragile, often compressed, or
twisted, apex mealy with white squamules, attenuated downwards to
the swollen base. Gills whitish grey, obtusely adnate, separating-free,
broad chiefly behind, scarcely crowded, distinct, then connected by
veins. Flesh white, scissile, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/A,
punctate, 1-guttulate ("greenish" Quel.). Smell strong of new meal.
Grassy places, and fir plantations. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
22—2
340 COLLYBIA
1064. C. ozes Fr. ofa, I have a smell.
P. 2—3 cm., grey-fuscous, becoming clay-fuscous, pallid when dry,
slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, umbonate, hygrophanous, smooth;
margin striate when moist. St. 6—11 cm. x 2 mm., fuliginous grey,
equal, or scarcely attenuated from the base, lax, flexuose, fragile,
slightly striate, containing a pith when young, apex white mealy. Gills
fuliginous-olivaceous, adnate, subventricose, 4-6 mm. broad, crowded
often veined. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/x, smooth. Cystidia
none" Rick. Smell strong of new meal. On the ground and on pine
needles. Feb. Rare.
1065. C. mephitica Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 14.
Mephitis, a noxious exhalation from the ground.
P. 1-5-4 cm., greyish ochre, becoming whitish, fleshy, convex, sub-
umbonate, hygrophanous, smooth, dry, adpressedly and innately silky.
St. 5-7 cm. x 2-5 mm., grey, filiform, equal, rigid, pruinosely velvety
with white fiocci, base enlarged, covered with the white mycelium.
Gills grey, obtusely adnate, separating from the St., attenuated in
front, 4—7 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores white,
elliptical, 7-8 x 4/z. Smell strong of new meal. Amongst pine needles
in woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1066. C. inolens Fr. Inolescens, growing in.
P. 2—5 cm., livid, becoming pale tan and slightly silky when dry, but
opaque, slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex, then plane, obtusely and
broadly umbonate, hygrophanous, very smooth ; margin inflexed, then
expanded, striate, undulate. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-8 mm., concolorous, be-
coming pale when dry, rigid, equal, often compressed, undulated, apex
white-squamulose, base white- strigose. Gills grey, adfixed, separating,
somewhat free, linear, or slightly ventricose, 2—4 mm. broad. Flesh
greyish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4— 5/*, 1-guttulate. Smell
of new meal. Pine woods, and under conifers. Sept. — Nov. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1067. C. plexipes Fr. (= Collybia retigera Bres. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus.
no. 211, t. 154, lower figs. Plexus, twisted; pes, foot.
P. 3-5 cm., blackish, whitish at the margin, becoming fuliginous livid,
fleshy-membranaceous, campanulate, umbonate, somewhat wrinkled,
slightly striate. St. 7-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., livid, cartilaginous, equal,
covered with a network of silky-fibrils, slightly striate, base shortly,
and bluntly rooted. Gills white, then glaucous, free, very much
attenuated behind, ventricose, somewhat crowded. Spores white,
elliptical, 8-9 x 5^. Woods, especially beech. Sept.— Nov. Un-
COLLYBIA 341
1068. C. atrata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 212, t. 155, upper figs.
Atrata, clothed in black.
P. 2-4 cm., pitch-black and shining, becoming fuscous when dry,
slightly fleshy, firm, piano-depressed at the disc, convex at the margin,
orbicular, smooth, viscid when very wet. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 3-7 mm.,
fuscous, very cartilaginous, tough, equal, or thickened upwards, round,
smooth. Gills whitish, then grey, becoming fuscous, adnate, scarcely
decurrent, arcuate, then plane, rather broad, subdistant. Flesh
fuscous, especially in the St., thin. Spores white, globose, 5/n, with a
large central gutta. Smell none, or strong, and unpleasant. Charcoal
heaps, and burnt soil. July — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1069. C. ambusta Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 212, t. 155, lower figs.
Ambusta, scorched.
P. 1-2-5 cm., fuscous, becoming greyish, submembranaceous, convex,
then plane, at length depressed, umbonate with a minute papilla,
smooth, becoming slightly striate. St. 2-3 cm., concolorous, cartila-
ginous, tense, straight, pruinose when young. Gills pallid, becoming
fuscous, adnate, with a decurrent tooth, lanceolate, plane, crowded.
Flesh becoming whitish, thin. Spores white, globose, 5/x, very minutely
warted, "4-5-angled" Rick. Burnt soil, and charcoal heaps. July —
Nov. Common, (v.v.)
**Gills broad, rather distant.
1070. C. lacerata (Lasch) Berk. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 19.
Lacerata, torn to pieces.
P. 2-5 cm.., fuscous fuliginous, becoming pale, fleshy-membranaceous,
campanulate, then convex and umbilicate, somewhat moist, streaked
with fuscous lines; margin fimbriately torn, splitting with age. St.
4-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid, equal, at length compressed, fibrillosely
striate, firm, often twisted, apex floccoso-pruinose, base white-tomen-
tose, somewhat rooting. Gills white-grey, rounded behind, adnate,
broad, thick, somewhat crowded, or distant. Flesh greyish white,
thin, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 /z, 1-guttulate, "sub-granu-
lar" Rick. Caespitose. Fir woods, often on stumps. Autumn. Rare.
1071. C. murina (Batsch) Fr. Murina, of mice.
P. 3-4 cm., fuscous brown, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, campanu-
lato-convex, then expanded, obtuse, or umbilicate, slightly wrinkled,
or very thinly squamulose, tough; margin at first involute. St. 5-8 cm.
x 3-4 mm., white, becoming cinereous, equal, tense, straight, delicately
fibrillose, apex flocculose when young, base pubescent. Gills white,
becoming cinereous, attenuato-adnexed, very broad, almost obovate,
rather thick, distant. Flesh greyish white, thin, tough. Spores
white, " subfusiform-elliptical, 8-9 x 3-4/u," Rick. Woods, and
under oaks. Oct. Uncommon.
342 COLLYBIA
1072. C. protracta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 67, fig. 2. Protracta, drawn out.
P. 2 cm., grey-fuscous, shining, submembranaceous, convexo-plane,
disc depressed, often with a little central umbo; margin paler, striate.
St. 15-16 cm. x 2-3 mm,, livid grey, very cartilaginous, tense, straight,
smooth, attenuated at the base into a tapering, subterranean, strigosely
fibrous root. Gills grey, delicately white-pruinose, adfixed, very ventri-
cose, — as if truncate behind, — very broad, 6 mm., subdistant. Spores
white, "elliptical, 7-9 x 5-6 /x," Bres. Mossy ground near stumps in
fir woods. Aug. — Nov. Rare.
1073. C. tesquorum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 70, .fig. 3. Tesqua, deserts.
P. 6-10 mm., fuscous black, becoming pale, fleshy-membranaceous,
slightly firm, convex, very obtuse, smooth. St. 2-4 cm. x 2 mm.,
fuscous, somewhat filiform, equal, flexuose, smooth, apex mealy. Gills
cinereous fuscous, free, very ventricose, 4 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh
concolorous, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 7—8 x 5-6jLt,
echinulate. Waste ground, and open pastures. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1074. C. clusilis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 215, t. 247, lower figs.
Clusilis, easily closing.
P. 1-3-5 cm., livid, becoming pale, grey clay colour when dry, sub-
membranaceous, rather plane, disc depressed, or broadly umbilicate,
very much sloped downwards towards the margin, smooth, soft,
fragile; margin at first incurved, slightly striate when moist. St.
4 cm. x 2 mm., livid, cartilaginous, soft, flexile, equal, smooth,
polished, stuffed with a white floccose pith. Gills white, becoming cream
colour, adnate, plane, with a decurrent tooth, 4-8 mm. broad, in the
form of a segment, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, thin at the margin.
Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5^,, with a large central gutta.
Amongst moss and grass on heaths, and hillsides. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1075. C. tylicolor Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 215, t. 247, upper figs.
Tylus, a crustacean allied to the woodlouse; color, colour.
P. 1-3 cm., grey cinereous, slightly fleshy, convex, then flattened,
subumbonate, smooth, opaque. St. 2-5 cm. x 2 mm., grey, somewhat
fragile, equal, whitish-pulverulent. Gills grey, paler than the p., free,
broad, plane, distant, rather thick. Spores white, "oval, 5-5-6 x 3-3-5/Lt,
minutely echinulate" Sacc. Deciduous woods amongst grass. Oct.
Eare.
Introduced species.
1076. C. Dorotheas Berk. Lady Dorothy Neville.
P. 2-3 cm., dark brown, becoming paler, globose, then flatly hemi-
spherical, at length expanded, slightly umbonate, finally de-
pressed, radiately sulcate almost to the disc, granulated, covered with
COLLYBIA. LEPTONIA 343
short, white bristles pointing in every direction when young; margin
crenate. St. 5-6 cm. x 2 mm., brownish, white below, becoming white
above and yellowish or rufous below, granulated, covered with white
bristles, base with a minute disc-like swelling. Gills white, adnexed,
slightly ventricose, connected behind, distant. Dead fern stems in a
hot-house. Eare.
1077. C. caldarii Berk. Caldarium, a hot bath.
P. 12—15 mm., brown, hemispherical, umbonate, rugose. St. 4—5 cm.
x 2 mm., paler, cartilaginous, smooth. Gills somewhat ash-coloured,
adnato-decurrent, interstices veined near the margin. On Sphagnum in
an orchid pot. Eare.
Spores pink.
Leptonia Fr.
(Xe7TT09, thin.)
Pileus slightly fleshy, regular; margin incurved. Stem central,
cartilaginous. Gills adnate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores pink,
angular, elliptical, subglobose, or oblong; continuous. Cystidia
• rarely present. Growing on the ground, or on wood.
*Gills whitish. P. slightly fleshy.
1078. L. placida Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 97, fig. 1. Placida, gentle.
P. 2-3 cm., grey, becoming bluish, disc densely villose, blackish, fleshy
membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, squamulose with
dark concentric scales and dark fuliginous black fibrils. St. 5-7-5 cm. x
2-6 mm., dark azure-blue, or black-blue, equal, very rigid; apex thick-
ened, white pruinose and black-dotted. Gills whitish, then purplish,
adnexed, very broad behind, plane crowded. Flesh brownish in the
pileus, bluish in the stem. Spores pink, "angular, 7-12 x 6-7 /u,"
Herpell. On and near beech, and fir stumps. Sept. — Oct. Eare.
1079. L. anatina (Lasch) Fr. Anatina, belonging to a duck.
P. 3-4 cm., greyish fuscous, somewhat fleshy, conico-campanulate,
broadly umbonate, longitudinally fibrillose and squamulose, often
rimose. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., blue, equal, or attenuated down wards,
at first pruinose, then squamoso-fibrillose, apex smooth, base white-
villose. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, adnexed, then separating,
broad, ventricose. Flesh bluish, becoming whitish. Spores pink,
angular, broadly elliptical, 10-11 x 9-10/u,, 1-2-guttulate. Heaths,
and pastures. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v v.)
1080. L. lappula Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 97, fig. 2. Lappa, a bur.
P. 2-5-4 cm., grey, somewhat fleshy, hemispherical, convexo-plane,
umbilicate, flocculoso-soft, then roughish with short erect fibrils, which
344 LEPTONIA
become Hack and crowded on the disc. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., fuscous
lilac, or dark purple, equal, moderately tough, striate and black-dotted
upwards under a lens, base white- villose. Gills whitish-grey, then pur-
plish, adnate with a small tooth, then separating, plane, very broad,
ovate, crowded. Flesh white. Spores pink, "angular, elliptical, 12/u,"
Quel. Amongst beech leaves. July— Oct. Uncommon.
1081. L. Reaae Maire. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 11.
Mrs E. A. Rea, the artist who has made many original
paintings of fungi.
P. -5-1 cm., dark blackish blue, convex, then expanded, submem-
branaceous disc fleshy, not, or only slightly hygrophanous, rarely
umbonate or papillate at maturity; margin slightly incurved, then
expanded and sometimes substriate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-5 mm., deep
blue, or blue black, then often vinous, equal, flexuose, wavy, shining, ob-
soletely whitish mealy at the apex. Gills whitish then greyish-pink,
broadly and deeply sinuate, narrowly adnate, then free, somewhat
crowded, short, broad. Flesh vinous. Spores pink, obsoletely polygonal,
subglobose, 8-10 x 7-8/4, including the apiculus, containing many oil
drops. Pastures. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1082. L. lampropus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 353, t. 331.
Xa/ix7rpo9, bright; TTOI;?, foot.
P. 1—3 cm., mouse colour, or steel-blue, then fuliginous-grey, some-
what fleshy, convex, then expanded and depressed, becoming more or
less squamulose. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2—4 mm., becoming azure-blue, com-
monly steel-blue-violaceous, cartilaginous. Gills whitish, then slightly
rose colour, adnate, readily separating, then free, ventricose. Flesh
bluish. Spores pink, angular, broadly elliptical, 9 x 7/z, 1-guttulate,
with somewhat rounded angles. Heaths, and pastures. July — Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
var. cyanulus (Lasch) Fr. icvavos, dark blue.
Differs from the type in the more slender, membranaceous, blackish-
blue, subumbilicate, fioccosely-villose p., the capillary, pruinose st., and
the glaucous, then flesh colour, adnate, distant gills. On the ground
near alders.
1083. L. aethiops Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 97, fig. 3. al6ioty, an Ethiop.
P. 1-3 cm., black, then fuliginous, slightly fleshy, piano-depressed,
streaked with fibrils, shining when dry. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., fuscous
blackish, black dotted upwards. Gills whitish, then purplish, adnexed,
or adnate, linear, or ventricose. Flesh whitish. Spores pink, angular,
9-10 x 6/Lt, 1-guttulate. Woods, and heaths. Sept.— Oct. Not un-
common. (v.v.)
LEPTONIA 345
1084. L. solstitialis Fr. Solstitialis, belonging to midsummer.
P. 1-3 cm., becoming fuscous, slightly fleshy, at length depressed,
papillate in the centre, slightly wrinkled, obsoletely innato-fibrillose. St.
2-3 cm. x 2-4 mm., smoke colour. Gills whitish, then flesh colour,
emarginate, broad. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 10 x 7/u,, 1-guttu-
late. Pastures, and amongst stones. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**Gills at the first azure-blue, or slightly dark-blue.
1085. L. serrulata (Pers.) Fr. Serrula, a small saw.
P. 1-3 cm., blackish-blue (shining when dry), fuliginous when old
or in wet weather, and then slightly striate, slightly fleshy, convex,
umbilicato-depressed, squamulose, or fibrillose. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-4 mm.,
paler than the p., cartilaginous, equal, apex black dotted, base white-
woolly. Gills bluish-grey-whitish, then grey flesh colour, adnate, in
the form of a segment, broad in the middle; edge black, serrulate.
Flesh whitish. Spores pink, angular, 8-11 x 7/u,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia
"pale grey, fasciculate, clavate, 11-12/x broad" Lange. Woods,
and pastures. June — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
var. Berkeley! Maire. Cke. Illus. no. 355, t. 333, as Leptonia serrulata
Fr. Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the father of British mycology.
P. 2-5-4 cm., whitish with a lilac tinge, umbilicate, slightly sprinkled
with fibrils; margin vaulted. St. 7-10 cm. x 3mm., whitish with a
lilac tinge, flexuose, smooth. Gills salmon colour, broad, adnate, little
or not serrulate. Flesh whitish. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 11-12 x
6-7 IJL, 1-2-guttulate. Pastures. July — Sept. Not uncommon (v.v.)
var. laevipes Maire. Laevis, smooth ; pes, foot.
Differs from the type in the smooth (not black dotted) apex of the stem.
Woods, and pastures. July— Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1086. L. euchroa (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 98.
e#%pco<?, well coloured.
P. 1-4-5 cm., violaceous, then purple-fuliginous, slightly fleshy, con-
vex, obtuse, squamuloso-fibrillose. St. 2-6 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous,
equal, fibrillosely mealy especially at the apex, tough; base white,
hairy. Gills dark violaceous, becoming pale, the edge retaining the darker
colour, adnate, ventricose. Flesh bluish. Spores pink, angular,
10-15 x 7-9/i. On stumps, and branches of alder, hazel, and birch.
Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1087. L. chalybaea (Pers.) Fr. %aXwf , steel.
P. 2-3 cm., dark violaceous, or blackish blue, slightly fleshy, convex,
subumbonate, flocculose, then squamulose. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., dark
blue, cartilaginous, slightly firm. Gills bluish-grey-whitish, edge paler,
adnate, crowded, broad, ventricose. Spores pink, "longish, 5-6-
angled, 9-10 x 7-8 ju, with prominent angles" Rick. Pastures.
July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
346 LEPTONIA
1088. L. lazulina Fr. Lapis lazuli, ultramarine.
P. 1-5-2 cm., becoming black fuliginous, at first black blue, or date-
brown-mouse colour, with the disc darker, submembranaceous, campanu-
late, then expanded and obtuse, striate, obsoletely umbilicate, rimoso-
squamulose. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., dark blue, cartilaginous, base
white-woolly. Gills pallid deep blue, adnate, separating, equally at-
tenuated from the stem to the margin of the pileus. Flesh dark blue.
Spores pink, angular, oblong, 11-12 x 7-8/x, 1-guttulate. Heaths,
and pastures. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
***Gills pallid. Becoming pale, yellow or green.
1089. L. incana Fr. (= Leptonia chloropolia (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus.
no. 359, t. 336 Incana, hoary.
P. 2-3 cm., variegated fuscous and green, becoming cinereous when
dry, submembranaceous, fragile, convex, then expanded, umbilicate,
striate, slightly silky when dry. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., green, or
fuscous green, cartilaginous, base white-floccose. Gills whitish green,
then flesh colour, adnate, decurrent with a tooth, at length separa-
ting, 4-6 mm. broad at the middle, distant. Flesh green, thin. Spores
pink, angular, 8-12 x 7-8/z, 1-guttulate. Smell like that of mice.
Woods, heaths, and pastures. July — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
1090. L. euchlora (Lasch) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 99.
e£, well; %Xo>pa, pale green.
P. 1 -5-3-5 cm., olivaceous, becoming paler, submembranaceous, cam-
panulato-convex, then plane, fuscous fibrillose, subsquamulose, especi-
ally at the darker, finally depressed disc. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-5 mm.,
greenish, apex yellowish, becoming deep blue or verdigris when bruised
or handled, equal, slightly thickened at the white, tomentose base,
hollow, fragile, smooth. Gills whitish, or very pale yellowish, then pink,
5—6 mm. wide, broadly adnate, subdistant. Flesh greenish, becoming
deep blue or verdigris when bruised or pressed, thin. Taste and smell
none. Spores pink, oblong, angular, 11-15 x 8-10/>t, multi-guttulate.
Amongst short grass in woods and open downs. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1091. L. sericella (Fr.) Quel. (= Entoloma sericellum Fr.) Cke. Illus.
no. 335, t. 307, as Entoloma sericellum Fr. Sericus, silken.
P. 1-5-3 cm., white, or becoming yellow white, somewhat fleshy,
convex, then plane, obtuse, at length depressed, often unequal, silky,
often squamulose ; margin inflexed, floccose. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
white, then becoming pale, waxy, equal, fibrillose, at length somewhat
polished, pellucid. Gills white, then flesh colour, at first adnate, even,
decurrent with a tooth, then separating and somewhat emarginate,
very broad, subdistant. Flesh white, thin. Spores pink, angular,
LEPTONIA 347
oblong, 9-11 x 6-7/z,, 1-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. July —
Oct. Common, (v.v.)
var. decurrens (Boud.) Kea. Boud. Icon. t. 94.
Decurrens, running down.
Differs from the type in the distinctly decurrent gills. Woods, pas-
tures, and roadsides. July — Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. lutescens Fr. Lutescens, becoming yellow.
Differs from the type in the yellowish, more regular, convex, even p.,
and almost adnate gills.
var. sublutescens Henn. Sub, somewhat; lutescens, becoming yellow.
Differs from the type in the white, silky-floccose p. becoming smooth
and dingy yellow, and the white st. becoming yellowish.
1092. L. formosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 98, fig. 1. Formosa, beautiful.
P. 2-3 cm., yellow wax colour, sprinkled over with minute fuscous
squamules or fibrils, submembranaceous, slightly tough, convex, then
plane, slightly umbilicate, striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., yellow, car-
tilaginous, equal, shining. Gills light-yellow-pallid, then flesh colour,
adnate, decurrent with a tooth, subdistant. Spores pink, angular,
oblong, 10 x 8/i,, 1-guttulate. Coniferous woods, and heaths. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. suavis (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 360, t. 488. Suavis, pleasant.
Differs from the type in the stem becoming blue. Amongst Equisetum.
Sept. Bare.
1093. L. chloropolia Fr. (= Leptonia incana Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon.
t. 98, fig. 2. x\top6s, pale green; 7roXto<?, grey.
P. 2-3 cm., livid, disc black squamulose, membranaceous, convex,
then flattened, striate; margin at first inflexed. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-
4 mm., bluish-grey-green, slightly firm, rigid. Gills whitish, then flesh
colour, adnate. Spores pink, angular, globose, 9-10 x 8/4, 1-guttu-
late. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
****Gills grey, or glaucous. Hygrophanous, p. somewhat striate.
1094. L. asprella Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 6, fig. 4.
Asprella, somewhat rough.
P. 2-4 cm., fuliginous, or mouse colour, then livid-grey, submem-
branaceous, convex, then flattened, darker umbilicus villose, at length
squamulose, marked with spots, striate, often fibrillose. St. 2-5—5 cm.
x 1-2 mm., fuscous, green, or azure-blue, cartilaginous, equal, tense
and straight, base white- villose. Gills whitish grey, then flesh colour,
adnate, separating free, subdistant, equally attenuated from the stem
348 LEPTONIA. NAUCORIA
towards the margin, edge often black. Spores pink, angular, oblong,
10 x 6-7 [i. Pastures, and heaths. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1095. L. nefrens FT. Nefrens, having no teeth.
P. 2-5-5 cm., fuliginous, then livid-grey, membranaceous, campanu-
late, then flattened, with a deep darker umbilicus, at length infundibuli-
form, striate, obsoletely fibrillose. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-4 mm., fuscous-
livid, fragile, equal. Gills pallid grey, adnexed, separating, broad,
edge slightly black. Spores pink, "elliptical, 4-5 x 3/x." Massee.
Grassy places, and marshy pastures. July — Sept. Uncommon.
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous.
Naucoria Fr.
(Naucum, a flock of wool.)
Pileus fleshy, regular; margin at first incurved. Stem central, car-
tilaginous. Gills adnate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores ochra-
ceous, ferruginous or fuscous; elliptical, pip-shaped, almond-shaped,
or oblong elliptical, smooth, punctate, or verrucose; continuous, or
with a germ-pore. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground, more
rarely on wood ; solitary, gregarious, or caespitose.
I. P. smooth. Veil none. Spores ferruginous, not becoming
fuscous ferruginous.
*Gills free, or slightly adnexed.
1096. N. lugubris Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 121, fig. 1. Lugubris, mournful.
P. 5-8 cm., pallid, then ferruginous, at length almost date brown,
fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, gibbous, smooth, rarely bullate,
undulated, and tenaciously viscid. St. 5-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., pallid,
becoming ferruginous downwards when old, with a long, attenuated,
fusiform root, externally very cartilaginous, rigid, smooth. Gills
pallid, then ferruginous, quite free, ventricose, very broad behind,
12 mm. and more broad, crowded, edge for the most part serrated.
Flesh white. Spores pallid, then ferruginous, "nearly almond-shaped,
7-8 x 4-5 /n. Cystidia only on edge of gill, clavate filamentous " Rick.
Often caespitose. Mountainous fir woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
1097. N. festiva Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 22. Festiva, handsome.
P. 2-5 cm., olivaceous fuscous, becoming olivaceous straw colour,
isabelline, bay, or rufous when dry, fleshy, convex, slightly gibbous,
smooth, glutinous when fresh. St. 5-9 cm. x 4-8 mm., rufous, violaceous,
olivaceous, or pallid, with reticulately adpressed black fibrils, equal, or
attenuated downwards, somewhat rooting, sometimes ventricose and
compressed, very cartilaginous, either fuscous squamulose, or smooth.
Gills whitish, then olivaceous, rufous, or ferruginous blood red, free,
NAUCOBIA 349
attenuated behind, generally ventricose, 6 mm. broad, crowded, edge
often white, pubescent. Flesh pallid, becoming reddish in the St., thin
at the margin. Spores ferruginous, almond-shaped, 8 x 4ju,, 1-guttu-
late, "roughish. Cystidia only on edge of gill, filamentous" Kick.
Smell weak, of radish. Coniferous woods, and amongst grass. Sept.
Bare.
1098. N. obtusa Cke. & Massee. Cke. lUus. no. 1171, t. 1155.
Obtusa, blunt.
P. 2-3 cm., rufous, or orange tawny, becoming pale, campanulate,
obtuse, margin faintly striate. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., flesh colour, or
pale cinnamon, equal, smooth. Gills cinnamon, broadly adnate, or
with a tooth, 4-6 mm. broad, ventricose, edge serrate. Flesh con-
colorous, becoming pale, darker at the base of the st. Spores ferruginous,
elliptical, 7-8 x 4/u,. On the ground. Sept. Rare.
1099. N. subglobosa (A. & S.) Fr.
Sub, somewhat; globosa, spherical.
P. 2-3 cm., light yellow, darker at the disc, fleshy, hemispherical,
smooth, moist. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, brownish at the
base, equal, rigid, striate at the apex. Gills concolorous, somewhat free,
very broad, convex, rhomboidal. Flesh lemon yellow, thin. Spores
ochraceous, "unequal-elliptical, 6-7 x 3— 4/z, smooth. Cystidia on
edge of gill large, lanceolate-fusiform, 50-60 x 12-15/u,, without a
globose head" Rick. Pine woods, and on the ground. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon.
1100. N. hamadryas Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 121, fig. 3.
apaSpvds, a wood nymph.
P. 4—5 cm., bay brown ferruginous, pale yellowish when old, and be-
coming pale, fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, smooth. St.
5— 7-5 cm. x 6 mm., pallid, somewhat fragile, equal, smooth. Gills
ferruginous, opaque, attenuato-adnexed, somewhat free, slightly ventri-
cose, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh paler, thin, that of the p. easily
separating from the st. Spores "ferruginous, elliptical, 13-14 x 7/n"
Massee. Woods, and under trees. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon.
1101. N. cidaris Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 123, fig. 2. Kt,Sapi<;, a tiara.
P. 2-5 cm., clay cinnamon, or dark tawny cinnamon, tan colour when
dry, fleshy, conical, then campanulate, slightly striate when moist at
the undulate, membranaceous margin, pruinose, or smooth. St.
4-5 cm. x 4 mm., fuscous black, apex concolorous and pruinose, at-
tenuated from the apex to the base, or fusiform, subcompressed, flexuose,
or straight, tough, smooth. Gills honey colour, or cinnamon clay, ad-
fixed, separating free, ascending, ventricose, 4-6 mm. broad, crowded.
Flesh whitish, scissile, thin at the disc. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical,
350 NAUCORIA
5-6 x 3-4/Lt, smooth. Cystidia only on edge of gill, filamentous"
Rick. Pine woods, and on the ground round trunks. Oct. — Nov.
Uncommon.
1102. N. Cucumis (Pers.) Fr. (= Nolaneanigripes (Trog) Fr.; Nolanea
pisciodora (Ces.) Fr.; Nolanea picea Kalchbr. sec. Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 364, t. 378, upper figs., as Nolanea pisciodora Ces.
Cucumis, cucumber.
P. 1-4 cm., tawny cinnamon, pitch black, bay-brown-fuscous, be-
coming paler towards the margin, umber, fawn, or tan colour when dry,
fleshy, campanulate, then convex, umbonate, or obtuse, pruinose;
margin incurved, often striate when moist. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-6 mm.,
date brown, chestnut brown, or fuscous blackish, tough, equal, pruinose,
velvety, apex often paler, white floccose at the base. Gills pale, yellowish
flesh colour, then saffron yellow, or tawny, emarginate, ventricose,
crowded. Flesh concolorous, thin at the margin. Spores pale, ferru-
ginous, oblong, elliptical, 8-10 x 3-4 p,, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia
"broadly lanceolate, 60-75 x 18-23/i" Rick. Smell unpleasant, of
fish, or cucumber. Coniferous, and damp woods, amongst dead leaves,
and bare soil in gardens. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1103. N. echinospora W. G. Sm. e'^o/o?, hedgehog; <nropd, seed.
P. 12 mm., buff, then pale, flat, subumbonate, moist, hygrophanous,
slightly furfur aceous; margin substriate. St. 2 cm. x 4-5 mm., brown-
ish salmon, paler above, rufescent below, white flocculose. Gills ochre,
olive-shaded, sinuate, subdistant. Spores 7 x Qp,, rough. Greenhouses.
Aug. Rare.
1104. N. anguinea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 122, fig. 1. Anguinea, snaky.
P. 3-6 cm., rufous, or pale yellowish, somewhat tan colour when dry,
fleshy, campanulate, then convex, gibbous, smooth, covered near the
margin when young with a superficial silky zone from the fibrils of the
veil. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., bay brown, equal, base thickened, often
flexuose, densely white-fibrillose, and forming numerous zone-like marks;
often with silky spots when dry. Gills pallid isabelline, or yellow, then
ferruginous, somewhat free, ascending into the top of the cone, some-
what linear, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh concolorous, thin except
at the disc. Spores ferruginous. Damp places in woods, and heaths.
Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1105. N. centunculus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 495, t. 601, fig. A.
Centunculus, patch- work.
P. 8—20 mm., lurid, or olivaceous fuscous, becoming light yellow
green, finally becoming pale, but not hygrophanous, fleshy, convex, then
plane, obtuse, often excentric, dry, slightly silky under a lens ; margin
incurved, often striate, occasionally yellow-pulverulent. St. 2-5-
3 cm. x 2-4 mm., cinereous light yellow, somewhat equal, often curved,
NATJCORIA 351
pulverulent with white mealy squamules at the apex, base white- villous.
Gills light yellow cinereous, adnate, separating, broad, rather thick,
convex, undulated when old, edge slightly toothed with greenish yellow
floccules ("pulverulent with crystalline particles under a lens" Quel.).
Flesh pallid, thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 8-10 x 6/u,. Cystidia
"undulating-clavate, or fusiform-capitate, 30-36 x 4-6 //," Kick.
Gregarious, or caespitose. Eotten wood, especially beech. Oct. Bare.
1106. N. horizontals (Bull.) Fr. (= Galera horizontal (Bull.) Quel.)
Cke. nius. no. 495, t. 601, fig. B. Horizontalis, horizontal.
Entirely watery cinnamon. P. 5-15 mm., fleshy, convexo-plane,
obtuse, smooth. St. 6-12 x 2 mm., incurved, smooth. Gills rounded,
free, plane, broad, subdistant. Flesh concolorous, paler, thin. Spores
ferruginous, punctate, broadly elliptical, 6-8 x 5-6/n. Cystidia cla-
vate, or conical, flexuose, 20-35 x 2-4/t. On bark of elm, and pear
trees. Nov. — Dec. Rare, (v.v.)
1107. N. rimulincola (Lasch) Rabenh. (= Galera horizontal^ (Bull.)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 496, t. 509, fig. B.
Rimula, a small crack; colo, I inhabit.
Entirely cinnamon. P. 10-12 mm., hemispherical, umbilicate, pli-
cate, slightly wrinkled, tomentose. St. 10-12 x 2 mm., somewhat ex-
centric, incurved, somewhat thickened at the base. Gills adnexed,
thick, very broad, subdistant, edge whitish crenulate. Flesh white, thin.
Spores "cinnamon, elliptical, 10 x 5/x" Massee. On elm, and pear
twigs. Oct. — Dec. Rare.
1108. N. semiflexa B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 496, t. 509, fig. A.
Semi, half; flexa, bent.
P. 12 mm., chestnut, hygrophanous, fleshy, subcampanulate, then
hemispherical, or flattened ; margin adorned with the delicate white veil.
St. 6-18 x 1-2 mm., pale, semi-horizontal. Gills tawny, adnexed,
rather broad, distant. Flesh white, thin. Spores "amber, elliptical,
8 x 5/A, verrucose" Massee. On wood, and on the ground. Oct. Rare.
N. rubricata B. & Br. = Marasmius nibricatus (B. & Br.) Massee.
**Gills adnate, p. convexo-plane.
1109. N. abstrusa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 122, fig. 2. Abstrusa, hidden.
P. 2-4 cm., ferruginous clay, fleshy, convex, then plane, orbicular,
smooth, viscid. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid ferruginous, base
darker, very cartilaginous, tough, rigid, equal, round, tense, straight,
polished, naked. Gills watery ferruginous, or cinnamon, adnate, plane,
crowded. Flesh concolorous, becoming pale, thin at the margin. Spores
ferruginous, "elliptical, 10 x 5/u," Sacc. Woods, and on sawdust. Oct.
Uncommon.
352 NATJCORIA
1110. N. innocua (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 498, t. 489, fig. A.
Innocua, harmless.
P. 3—4 cm., rufous, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, convex, obtuse,
rather smooth, fibrillosely-smooth under a lens, striate. St. 4-5 cm. x
3-4 mm., white fibrillose, base woolly. Gills light yellow ochraceous,
adnate, somewhat crowded. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10 x 4-6 p..
Damp places. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
1111. N. cerodes Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 498, t. 489, fig. B.
KrjpfaSrjs, wax-like.
P. 1-3 cm., watery cinnamon, tan colour when dry, submembrana-
ceous, campanulato-convex, then flattened, at length depressed, obtuse,
smooth, pellucidly striate at the margin when moist, slightly
silky -atomate when dry. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, or pale
yellowish, becoming bay -brown-fuscous, sometimes only at the base,
slightly firm, equal, somewhat flexuose, fibrillosely striate under a
lens, apex mealy. Gills pattid, then cinnamon, adnate, separating,
very broad behind, hence almost triangular, subdistant, broad, plane,
edge minutely fimbriate under a lens. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores
brownish ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 9-12 x 6-7 /z, 1— 2-guttulate.
Cystidia "on surface of gill fusiform, 35-40 x 10-1 2 /z, sparse, on
edge of gill the majority filamentous-clavate " Rick. Woods, heaths,
burnt ground, and on stumps. May — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1112. N. melinoides Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 499, t. 457, upper figs.
fteXt, honey; etSo?, like.
P. 1-2 cm., tawny, ochraceous when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane,
sometimes globose then hemispherical, obtuse, or gibbous, striate at
the margin when old. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, or ochraceous,
base paler, white, equal, or slightly attenuated, sometimes attenuated
at both ends, slightly firm, smooth, apex white pruinose. Gills some-
what tawny, or light yellowish ochraceous, adnate, ventricose, crowded,
edge often denticulate. Flesh yellowish, thin at the margin. Spores pale
ferruginous, elliptical, 9-13 x 4-8 /LI, with a large central gutta.
Cystidia flask-shaped, capitate, apex 5-8/z in diam., base ventricose,
50-55 x 8-19jit. Heaths, pastures, lawns, and roadsides. June— Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
1113. N. pusiola Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 124, fig. 4. Pusio, a little boy.
P. 6-12 mm., yellow, or tawny yellow, submembranaceous or slightly
fleshy, hemispherical, or campanulato-hemispherical, then expanded,
obtuse, smooth, slightly viscid. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., shining
light yellow, or lemon yellow, tough, equal, or attenuated upwards,
flexuose, smooth, slightly viscid, apex often pruinose, base often be-
coming brownish. Gills yellow white, or watery cinnamon, then brown,
adnate, broad, plane. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores "brown, pruni-
form, 8 x 4/z" Sacc. Pastures, and mossy hillsides. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
NAUCORIA 353
***Gills adnate. P. campanulate, then expanded.
1114. N. nucea (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 70.
Nucea, belonging to a nut.
P. 1-2-5 cm., pale chestnut, submembranaceous, globoso-campanu-
late, never flattened, umbilicate, smooth, slightly dotted; margin in-
curved, somewhat lobed. St. 7-8 cm. x 2 mm., white, tough, equal,
silky fibrillose, becoming even, base with a small bulb. Gills cinnamon,
adnate, semicircular, 6-8 mm. broad, plane, often undulate. Spores
ferruginous, "elliptical, base apiculate, 10-11 x 6jii" Massee. Pine,
and fir woods. Oct. Eare.
1115. N. glandiformis W. G. Sm. Cke. lUus. no. 500, t. 490, fig. B.
Glans, acorn ; forma, shape.
P. 2-5 cm., nut brown, disc darJcer, obtusely campanulate, becoming
somewhat hemispherical, or filbert- shaped, smooth. St. 7-5-10 cm. x
4 mm., pallid, equal, sometimes twisted, splitting. Gills umber, ad-
nate, very broad, 12 mm. and more, rounded behind, serrate. Flesh
yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, broadly almond-
shaped, 10-12 x 6-8/z. On the ground. Oct. Rare.
1116. N. scolecina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 124, fig. 1. <7Kta\^, a worm.
P. 1-2 cm., bay -brown-ferruginous, becoming pale, opaque, fleshy,
campanulate, then convex, often umbonate, obtuse, smooth, fragile;
margin paler, at length striate. St. 3-7-5 cm. x 1-3 mm., rufous ferru-
ginous, base becoming fuscous, equal, often flexuose and curved, white
mealy everywhere, then only at the paler apex. Gills whitish flesh colour,
then ferruginous, adnate, broader behind, 2-4 mm. broad, edgefloccu-
lose, ciliate. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous,
subglobose, 4 x 3/i, 1-guttulate. Alder swamps, and damp places.
Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1117. N. striaepes Cke. Cke. Hhis. no. 502, t. 478.
Stria, a furrow; pes, foot.
P. 2-5-6 cm., ochraceous, fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, then ex-
panded, smooth. St. 4-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, equal, straight, or
flexuose, longitudinally striate. Gills tawny ferruginous, slightly ad-
nate, subdistant, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh concolorous, then white, thin
at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 /x,. Caespi-
tose, or gregarious. Woods, lawns, pastures, and roadsides. Sept. —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1118. N. amarescens Quel. Boud. Icon. t. 127.
Amarescens, becoming bitter.
P. 1-5-4 cm., reddish brown, or cinnamon, becoming pale when dry,
campanulate, then expanded, often umbonate, minutely rugose, then
torn and cracked, moist. St. 3-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, or
E. B. B. 23
354 NAUCOBIA
ochraceous, then blackish bistre, apex often slightly velvety, equal,
base white tomentose. Gills ochraceous, then tawny, emarginate, ad-
nate, ventricose, very broad. Flesh concolorous, scissile. Spores
brownish ferruginous, oblong elliptical, 10-12 x 5-6/i. Taste insipid,
then very bitter. In troops. Old charcoal heaps in woods. May — Sept.
Uncommon.
1119. N. sideroides (Bull.) Fr. Cke. JQlus. no. 503, t. 458, upper figs.
(riBr/pos, iron; etSo9, like.
P. 1-2-5 cm., pale yellowish, honey colour, or cinnamon, tan ochra-
ceous when dry, somewhat shining, fleshy, campanulate, then ex-
panded, umbonate, smooth, very slightly viscid when moist; margin
incurved at first, then slightly striate. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid,
then becoming yellow and ferruginous downwards, base at length be-
coming fuscous, slightly firm, equal, sometimes undulated, or slightly
thickened at the apex, smooth, apex often white pruinose. Gills be-
coming watery-yellow ochraceous, at length somewhat cinnamon, adnate,
with a small decurrent tooth, sometimes sinuate and uncinato-adfixed,
ascending, linear, crowded. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores pale yellow,
"cylindrical-elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4 p,. Cystidia on edge of the gill very
delicate, filamentous-fusiform, 30-36/x,, apex with a globose head"
Rick. Stumps, ash and pine trunks, twigs, and chips. Oct. — Nov.
Uncommon.
1120. N. badipes Fr. (= Galera badipes (Fr.) Rick.) Fr. Icon. t. 123,
fig. 3. Badius, bay brown ; pes, foot.
P. 8-20 mm,, yettowish ferruginous, tan when dry, submembrana-
ceous, campanulate, then convex, umbonate, pellucidly striate to the
disc when moist, smooth; margin almost straight and adpressed to the
st. St. 5— 7'5 cm. x 2 mm., ferruginous, darker and becoming fuscous
towards the base, equal, firm, rigid, often flexuose, covered up to the
middle with white floccose scales, apex paler, naked. Gills pale yellowish
ferruginous, adnate, very ventricose, thin, subdistant. Flesh con-
colorous, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10-12 x 5/u,. Cystidia
"thin, fusiform, with long, blunt point, 50-60 x 10-15/x," Rick.
Damp places in coniferous woods, and on heaths. Sept. — Nov. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
1121. N. camerina Fr. (= Galera camerina (Fr.) Rick.) Fr. Icon,
t. 124, fig. 2. Kapdpa, an arched roof.
P. 1-2 cm., honey colour, tan colour when dry, obtuse umbo often
darker, fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, umbonate, smooth, hy-
grophanous; margin somewhat striate when moist. St. 3— 4 cm. x 1—
2 mm., umber, apex pallid, equal, or attenuated downwards, some-
what curved, or flexuose, tough, adpressedly fibrdlose. Gills yellowish
cinnamon, then ferruginous, adnate, plane, ascending, attenuated be-
NAUCORIA 355
hind, very crowded, often crenulate. Flesh, concolorous, thin at the
margin. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4 jn, smooth. Cys-
tidia on the edge of the gill subulate-capitate, 36-40 x 5-6 /u," Eick.
Coniferous stumps. May — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1122. N. hydrophila Mass. (= Naucoria nasuta Kalchbr. sec. Cke.)
Cke. Illus. no. 1173, t. 1172, fig. A, as Naucoria nasuta Kalchbr.
v8(op, water; 0tXo?, loving.
P. 1-3-5 cm., pale ochraceous tan with a distinct tinge of green here
and there, fleshy, campanulate, then slightly expanded, acutely um-
bonate, smooth; margin striate when moist. St. 3-5 cm. x 2mm.,
rather ferruginous, or with red and green tints, equal, flexuose, smooth.
Gills pallid, then brownish, adnexed, rather crowded, 3 mm. broad,
edge pale. Flesh greenish, very thin. Spores brown, elliptical, 13-
14 x 6-7^1,. Gregarious. Swampy places under trees. Sept. — Oct.
Eare.
1123. N. triscopa Fr. (= Galera triscopa (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 124,
fig. 3. rpi-, three; CT/COTTO?, faced.
P. 4-10 mm., deep bay, tawny or ochraceous when dry, always
opaque, fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, then convexo-plane, with a
prominent umbo, smooth. St. 1-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., ferruginous, opaque,
base umber, often velvety, equal, curved, or flexuose, smooth. Gills
yellowish, then dark ferruginous, adnate, ventricose, plane, thin, some-
what crowded. Flesh yellowish, ferruginous in the St., very thin at the
margin. Spores "ferruginous, pruniform, 10//," Quel. Stumps, and
rotten wood of frondose trees, rarely on humus. May — Sept. Un-
II. P. naked. Gills and spores fuscous ferruginous.
Veil potential, rarely manifest.
*Growing in fields, and plains.
1124. N. vervacti Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 504, t. 617, fig. A.
Vervactum, fallow ground.
P. 2-3 cm., light yellow, or pallid yellow, fleshy, convex, then plane,
obtuse, or umbonate, soft, smooth, slightly viscid, shining when dry.
St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4—6 mm., whitish, cartilaginous, rigid, attenuated
either upwards or downwards, smooth, often striate. Gills pallid,
then ferruginous fuscous, adnate with a decurrent tooth, 6 mm.
broad, plane, at length ventricose, crowded. Flesh white, thick at
the disc. Spores "olive brown in the mass, elliptic-oval, 12-17 x"
8-12ju. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform, 40-45 x 9-10/i, with or
without a head" Eick. Gardens, and pastures. May — Nov. Un-
common.
23—2
356 NAUCORIA
1125. N. pediades FT. (= Cantharellus Brownii B. & Br. sec. Pat.;
Naucoria semi-orbicularis (Bull.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no.
505, t. 492. vreStoi/, a plain, or field.
P. 2-5 cm., yellow, or pale yellowish ochraceous, then becoming pale,
fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, dry, smooth, at length rimoso-
rivulose. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., yellowish, stuffed with a pith, sub-
flexuose, tough, equal, base bulbous from the mycelium being rolled
together, slightly silky, becoming even. Gills somewhat fuscous, then
dingy cinnamon, adnexed, 4-10 mm. broad, crowded, then subdistant.
Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores fuscous ferruginous, broadly
elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 p, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "ventri-
cose-fusiform, or with an enlarged head, 45-50 x 8— 10/u," Rick.
Pastures, and roadsides. July — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1126. N. semi-orbicularis (Bull.) Fr. (= Naucoria pediades Fr. sec.
Quel.) Cke. lUus. no. 507, t. 493, fig. A.
Semi-, half; orbicularis, round.
P. 2—5 cm., tawny ferruginous, then ochraceous, fleshy, convexo-
expanded, obtuse, slightly viscid when fresh and moist, then dry,
smooth, corrugated when dry. St. 7-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., ochraceous,
becoming pallid ferruginous, shining, often darker at the base, cartilagi-
nous, tough, equal, tense, straight, smooth, internally with a separate
fistulose tube which is easily broken up into fibrils. Gills pallid, then
ferruginous, adnate, rarely sinuate, 4—6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh
white, thin at the margin. Spores brownish, elliptical, 9-12 x 5-7 /x.
Cystidia flask-shaped, or fusiform, 45-50 x 13-1 5 p, apex obtuse, 6-8 p
in diam. Pastures, heaths, roadsides. June — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
1127. N. arvalis Fr. Arvum, an arable field.
P. 1-2 cm., yellow fuscous, pallid ochraceous when dry, disc yellow, or
concolorous, fleshy, firm, convex, then expanded, orbicular, obtuse,
smooth, slightly viscid. St. 3-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., becoming yellowish,
equal, smooth, often pulverulent, attenuated into a long, cottony root,
internally with a not easily separable fistulose tube. Gills pallid grey,
then umber fuscous, or becoming ferruginous, adnexed, plane, very broad,
quaternate, distant, edge often lemon yellow. Flesh lemon yellow.
Spores "light yellow, almond-shaped, 10-12/i, oblong" Quel. Arable
fields, gardens, and sea-sands. July — Oct. Uncommon.
1128. N. tabacina (DC.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 507, t. 493, fig. B.
Tabacum, tobacco.
P. 6-20 mm., umber, then bay-brown-cinnamon, very moist, tan
colour when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, disc very obtuse, smooth ;
margin involute, often covered with a silky veil. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm.,
brown, darker and fuscous at the base, equal, attenuated downwards
NAUCORIA 357
when shorter, somewhat flexuose, smooth. Gills bay -brown-cinnamon,
then ferruginous, adnate, plane, linear, or ovate, crowded. Flesh pallid
reddish, deeper in the St., thin. Spores tobacco coloured in mass,
"elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 /A" Massee. Cystidia "on edge of gill fusiform-
subulate, 30-40 x 5-6 /x" Rick. Lawns, waysides, and heaths. Sept.
— Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
**Growing in moist, uncultivated, wooded places.
1129. N. tenax Fr. Tenax, firm.
P. 2—5 cm., varying between cinnamon and an olivaceous, or somewhat
fuscous yellow, dirty, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, hemispherical,
then expanded, obtuse, rarely umbonate, sometimes becoming de-
pressed at the disc, smooth, or slightly wrinkled, slightly viscid when
young. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, or dingy pallid, be-
coming fuscous, or olive, apex paler, equal, or thickened upwards,
striate with adpressed fibrils, and sprinkled with white fibrils, the re-
mains of the fugacious veil. Gills whitish fuscous, then ferruginous
with the edge whitish, adnate, becoming somewhat rounded and
separating, 6-10 mm. broad, plane, triangular, or oblong. Flesh
yellowish, becoming whitish, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, pip-
shaped, 13-16 x 7-8/z, sometimes depressed on one side, 1-2-guttu-
late. Bogs on dead stems of Potentilla Comarum, and in ditches
amongst sticks. May — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1130. N. Myosotis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 125, fig. 1.
Myosotis, the Forget-me-not.
P. 2—4 cm., olivaceous, or fuscous green, becoming pale, or light
yellow, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then plane, subumbonate when
flattened, smooth, with a viscid pellicle. St. 7-15 cm. x 2-6 mm.,
pallid, then fuscous, apex white pruinose, slightly firm, equal, often
flexuose, either fibrillose (the fibrils here and there blackish) or scaly.
Gills pallid umber olivaceous, then brown ferruginous, with the edge
whitish and serrate, adnate, decurrent with a tooth, 5—6 mm. broad,
subdistant. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores fuscous ferruginous, pip-shaped,
16-18 x 8-lOjLt, 1-guttulate. Cystidia on gill edge subcylindrical,
flexuose, 36-40 x 7-9 /z, apex obtuse, 5-6/A in diam. Bogs amongst
Sphagnum, and Potentilla Comarum. July — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1131. N. temulenta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 125, fig. 2. Temulenta, sodden.
P. 1-3 cm., ferruginous, ochraceous, or whitish when dry, hygro-
phanous, submembranaceous, campanulate, then convex, sometimes
subumbonate, smooth ; margin striate when moist. St. 4-8 cm. x 2mm.,
yellow, or ferruginous, tough, equal, flexuose, polished, fistulose with a
pith, apex pruinose, base white-villous. Gills yellow, or lurid ferrugi-
nous, then umber, or ferruginous, adnate, attenuated in front, sub-
358 NAUCORIA
distant. Flesh pallid, thin at the disc. Spores ochraceous, elliptical,
9 x 4-5 /M, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill flask-shaped, on
surface of gill quite differently shaped, ventricose with three points at
the apex, 60 x 20/*" Kick. Woods and heaths. Aug.— Oct. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
1132. N. subtemulenta Lamb. Sub, somewhat; temulenta, sodden.
P. brown ochre, tan when dry, campanulate, then convex, slightly
umbonate, striate, hygrophanous. St. concolorous, dark rusty at the
thickened base. Gills concolorous, almost free, narrow, crowded.
1133. N. latissima Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 510, t. 482.
Latissima, very broad.
P. 1-3-5 cm., deep chestnut brown, fleshy, subglobose, then hemi-
spherical; margin at first incurved. St. 2-5 cm. x 4— 8 mm., dark
brown below, paler above, attenuated downwards, rooting, smooth.
Gills tawny umber, rounded behind, slightly adnate, very broad, 12 mm.
Flesh white, brownish at the base of the stem, thick at the disc.
Amongst grass. Sept. Rare.
1134. N. reducta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 125, fig. 3. Reducta, reduced.
P. 8-20 mm., olivaceous, or fuscous honey colour, dirty tan colour
when dry, membranaceous, convex, then plane, sometimes umbonate,
hygrophanous, smooth, then pruinose under a lens, striate to the disc
when moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., amber fuscous, apex paler,
pruinose, slightly attenuated upwards, tough, flexuose, soft and
splitting, smooth. Gills dirty yellow, or pale ochraceous, then ferrugi-
nous, adnate, or rounded and separating, broad, ventricose, somewhat
crowded. Flesh subconcolorous, slightly thick at the disc. Spores
"ochraceous, pruniform, oblong, 10/x, punctate" Quel. Boggy woods.
Sept.— Oct. Rare.
III. P. flocculose, or squamulose. Veil manifest.
Spores ferruginous.
*Squamules of p. superficial, separating.
1135. N. porriginosa Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 511, t. 510.
Porriginosa, full of scurf.
P. 2-5-5 cm., tawny, tan colour when dry, fleshy, hemispherical, then
convex, hardly expanded, very obtuse, viscid when moist, covered with
superficial, fugacious, saffron coloured squamules; margin striate when
old. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid, equal, more or less fibrillosely
silky, base white villose. Gills yellow, then tawny cinnamon, adnate,
often with a small decurrent tooth, crowded. Flesh lemon yellow, thick
at the disc. Amongst twigs, and rubbish. Oct. Rare.
NATTCORIA 359
1136. N. sobria Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 512, t. 511, fig. A.
Sobria, sober, not bibulous.
P. 6—20 mm., honey colour, disc darker, becoming pale, fleshy, con-
vex, obtuse, or umbonate, slightly viscid, margin appendiculate with
the silky, fugacious veil. St. 3-4 cm. x 2 mm., pallid upwards, ferrugi-
nous fuscous downwards, slightly firm, somewhat tough, straight, or
slightly bent, equal, often sprinkled with whitish spots, the remains
of the veil, apex often mealy. Gills paler than the p., then saffron, with
the edge whitish or yellowish floccose, obtusely adnate, broader behind,
plane, 3 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh pallid, somewhat ferruginous
towards the base of the st., thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, or pip-
shaped, 6-7 x 4/i. Charcoal heaps, and on the ground in woods.
July — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. dispersa B. & Br. Dispersa, scattered.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the punctulate p. and the
appendiculate ring on the st. Lawns. July. Rare.
**P. with innate squamules.
N. erinacea Fr. = Pholiota erinacea (Fr.) Quel.
1137. N. siparia Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 126, fig. 2.
Siparium, a little curtain.
Entirely rufous ferruginous. P. 6-20 mm., fleshy, convex, then
plane, obtuse, densely villoso-squamulose, moist. St. 1—2-5 cm. x 2mm.,
fragile, equal, tense and straight, densely sheathed with the scaly,
villose, downy veil; apex ochraceous, pruinose. Gills ochraceous, then
ferruginous, adnate, quaternate, subdistant, edge flocculose. Flesh
concolorous, becoming yellowish, thick, soft. Spores pale ferruginous,
pip-shaped, 8-9 x 6-7 /LI, 1-guttulate. On wood, dead branches, earth,
dead fern stems, and caddis worm cases. July — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
1138. N. conspersa (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 514, t. 512, fig. A.
Conspersa, besprinkled.
P. 1-2-5 cm., bay brown, or rufous cinnamon, ochraceous when dry,
fragile, very hygrophanous, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then flat-
tened, obtuse, even, soon furfuraceous and broken up into small scales.
St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., cinnamon, ochraceous when dry, equal, fibrillose,
apex squamuloso-furfuraceous, base white tomentose. Gills dark cinna-
mon, adnate, then em&Tgiji&to-separating, linear, or ventricose,
crowded. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores "ferruginous, elliptical, 9-11 x
5-6 /*" Karst. Gregarious. Woods, heaths, and pastures. Aug. — Oct.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. uliginosa Fr. Uligo, marshy ground.
Differs from the type in being twice or thrice as large in all its parts,
in the fuscous rufescent, umbonate pileus, the long, twisted, umber st.
360 NAUCORIA
and the broader gills. Bogs, and amongst Sphagnum. Aug. Un-
common. (v.v.)
1139. N. escharoides Fr. eV^apoiS?;?, scab-like.
P. 1-2 cm., tan, then whitish, disc at length becoming fuscous, fleshy,
soft, conico-convex, soon flattened, obtuse, flocculoso-furfuraceous.
St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid, at length becoming fuscous, fragile,
equal, flexuose, adpressedly fibrillose, or floccose, becoming smooth,
apex pruinose. Gills pallid tan, then somewhat cinnamon, edge often
pale and floccose, adfixed, or decurrent with a tooth, at length emargi-
nate, somewhat free, ventricose, 3-4 mm. broad, lax. Flesh whitish,
thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 11-12 x 6/z,
1-guttulate. Alder swamps, and bare damp ground. Aug. — Oct. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
1140. N. Wieslandri Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 126, fig. 3. J. Wieslander.
P. 2-4 mm., tawny, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, but
the cuticle is soon areolately rivulose, hence spotted with darker,
crowded, wart-like papillae. St. 5 cm. x 1 mm., becoming black, flaccid,
almost naked. Gills at length dark ferruginous, adnate, broad. Flesh
ferruginous, thin. Amongst short grass in woods. Sept. Kare.
***P. destitute of scales, silky, or sprinkled with atoms.
1141. N. carpophila Fr. (= Galera carpophila (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon.
t. 126, fig. 4. Aca/mo?, fruit; </>t\o<?, loving.
P. 2-10 mm., tan, pallid, or whitish when dry, hygrophanous, sub-
membranaceous, convex, obtuse, furfurate with shining atoms, some-
times also floccoso-squamulose, striate, diaphanous ; margin crenulate
with furfuraceous, fugacious flocci. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., pallid,
firm, furfuraceous, then naked. Gills pallid, then ochraceous, rounded,
adnexed, somewhat free, ventricose, broad, subdistant, often crenu-
late. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores "rusty-yellowish in the mass,
subpyriform, 7-8 x 4-5 /x, smooth. Cystidia on the edge of the gill
filamentous-subulate" Kick. Beech leaves and mast. May— Oct.
Kare. (v.v.)
1142. N. graminicola (Nees) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 515, t. 513, fig. B.
Gramen, grass; colo, I inhabit.
P. 5-8 mm., fuscous, then fawn ochraceous, submembranaceous,
convex, papillate, shaggy tomentose. St. 1-5-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., be-
coming fuscous, apex pale, tough, equal, hairy. Gills pale ochraceous,
then pale cinnamon, slightly adnexed, subdistant. Flesh whitish, thin.
Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/A, 1-3-guttu-
late. On grass stalks, and dead Pteris stalks. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
* NAUCORIA. PSILOCYBE 361
1143. N. effugiens Quel. (= Crepidotus EuU Berk. sec. Quel.) Quel.
Jur. et Vosg. n, t. 2, fig. 3. Effugiens, escaping notice.
P. 5-8 mm., ochraceous, then pale olivaceous greyish, convex, then
plane, globose, diaphanous, covered with shining crystalline grains.
St. 5x1 mm., cream olivaceous, curved, mealy, base villose. Gills
cream colour, then brown, or olive, sinuato-free, or decurrent by a
tooth. Flesh olivaceous, thin. Spores brown, broadly elliptical,
9-10 x 5-6/A, with a large central gutta. Dead twigs and branches
of pear. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Spores purple, or fuscous.
Psilocybe Fr.
(•^•4X09, naked; KV@r), head.)
Pileus fleshy, regular; margin at first incurved. Stem central,
cartilaginous. Gills adnate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores
purple, fuscous, rarely pinkish fuscous ; elliptical, pip-shaped, almond-
shaped or oblong elliptical; smooth, or verrucose, with an apical
germ-pore. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground, or on wood,
solitary, gregarious, caespitose, or subcaespitose.
I. Veil accidental, rarely conspicuous. St. thick-skinned, flexile,
most frequently coloured. P. pelliculose, most frequently slightly
viscid in wet weather, becoming somewhat pale. Colour of p.
bright.
*Gills ventricose, not decurrent.
1144. P. sarcocephala Fr. (= Psathyra sarcocephala (Fr.) Quel.) Fr.
Icon. t. 135, fig. 1. crdp%, flesh; cee^aX?;, head.
P. 3-12 cm., ferruginous, becoming pale, fleshy, convex, then ex-
panded, obtuse, smooth, dry. St. 5-12 x -5-2 cm., whitish, sometimes
becoming slightly ferruginous, equal, or slightly attenuated downwards,
firm, smooth, apex white mealy, and somewhat squamulose. Gills
whitish, then flesh colour and at length fuscous, adnate, ventricose,
8-13 mm. broad, thick, fragile, not crowded. Flesh white, thick, firm.
Spores pinkish fuscous, oblong elliptical, 9-10 x 4-5 /A, 1-2-guttulate.
Cystidia broadly lanceolate, acute, 50-60 x 12-18 /JL. Taste pleasant.
Edible. Solitary, or caespitose. Often at the base of trees. Woods,
and pastures. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. Cookei Sacc. Cke. Illus. no. 591, t. 620.
M. C. Cooke, the eminent English mycologist.
Differs from the type in the larger, ochraceous, radiately rivulose,
atlengthumbilicatep. Base of trees. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
362 PSILOCYBE
1145. P. atrobrunnea (Lasch) Fr. Ater, black; brunnea, brown.
P. 2—5 cm., brownish, fleshy, thin, campanulate, then convex, um-
bonate. St. 6-12-5 cm. x 4-5 mm., paler than the p., fibrillose, apex
white-mealy. Gills becoming brownish, adnexed, then separating, sub-
distant, somewhat thick, wide. Spores dark brown, "9-12 x 5-6/x"
Sacc. Smell and taste of radish. Marshes amongst Sphagna. Eare.
1146. P. nemophila Fr. 1/6/409, wood; <j>i\of, loving.
P. 4-10 cm., brick red, paler at the margin, fleshy, convex,
obtuse, smooth. St. 7-10 x 1 cm., concolorous but paler, fusiformly
attenuated downwards, naked. Gills pallid, deeply decurrent, very
narrow, edge crisped and dentate. On the ground, under old trees.
Eare.
1147. P. helvola (Schaeff.) Massee. Schaeff. Icon. t. 210.
Helvola, pale yellow.
P. 2-4 cm., tawny ochraceous, disc darker, fleshy, campanulate, then
expanded, obtuse, smooth, the cuticle often cracked into patches near
the disc. St. 4-6 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, or tinged ochraceous, equal,
fibrillose, often twisted ; base white, thickened, downy. Gills purplish
umber, clouded, edge white, adnate, then separating from the st.,
broad, rather distant. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores
"purplish brown, obliquely elliptical, ends pointed, 9-10 x 4-5 /A,
warted" Massee. Amongst grass. Sept. Eare.
1148. P. ericaea (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 136, fig. 1. epeiKt), heath.
P. 2-4 cm., tawny ferruginous, tawny yellow, or date brown, fleshy,
convex, then expanded, obtuse, slightly viscid when wet, dry and
shining when dry. St. 7-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., paler than the p., be-
coming yellowish, equal, tough, somewhat smooth, or silky. Gills
pallid, becoming blackish, adnate, narrowed behind, 6-8 mm. broad,
plane, edge whitish. Flesh yellow, thin. Spores fuliginous, broadly
elliptical, 12-14 x 7-8 /LI. Cystidia "on surface of gill sparse, clavate
with a prominent point, 30-36 x 9-10/i, contents yellowish, on edge
of gill filamentous" Eick. Heaths, and damp pastures. May — Oct.
Common, (v.v.)
1149. P. subericaea Fr. (= Psilocybe ericaea (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr.
Icon. t. 136, fig. 2.
Sub, somewhat; ericaea, the species P. ericaea
P. 3-5 cm., tawny, fleshy, convex, then plane, smooth. St. 2-5-6 cm.
x 2-5 mm., becoming yellow, equal, tough, smooth. Gills pallid, then
fuscous purple, sinuato-adnate, 5-10 mm. broad. Flesh yellow, thin.
Spores fuliginous purple, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4/i. Heaths,
and grassy places. June— Sept. Common, (v.v.)
PSILOCYBE 363
1150. P. uda (Pers.) Fr. (= Flammuloides uda (Pers.) Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 594, t. 569. Uda, moist.
P. 1-2-5 cm., brick tawny, becoming pale, fleshy, convex, then flat-
tened, often more or less umbonate, smooth, slightly wrinkled when
old; margin often striate. St. 4— 7-5 cm. x 2— 4 mm., tawny ferrugi-
nous, apex paler, equal, flexuose, fibrillose. Gills pallid, then becoming
fuscous purple, adfixed, ventricose, 4-6 mm. broad, lax, plane, or
convex. Flesh yellow, ferruginous towards the base of the st., thin.
Spores purple, broadly elliptical, 8-11 x 5-6 /A, 1-2-guttulate. Cys-
tidia "on the edge of the gill clavate-filamentous, 45-50 x 3-4/x"
Rick. Swampy places and amongst Sphagna. Woods, and heaths.
Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. Polytrichi Fr. Polytrichum, a genus of mosses.
Differs from the type in the p. being pallid yellow, becoming whitish
especially at the margin, and at length plane and depressed, in the
glabrous, pallid tawny st., and the whitish clouded gills at length be-
coming decurrent, never becoming purple but often greenish. Amongst
Polytricha. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. elongata (Pers.) Fr. Elongata, tall.
Differs from the type in the submembranaceous p. being livid, or
greenish yellow, and striate when moist, becoming yellowish when dry.
Amongst Sphagna in mountain pine woods.
1151. P. canofaciens Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 595, t. 621.
Canus, hoa,Ty,faciens, making.
P. 2-4 cm., dark bay brown, disc ferruginous, fleshy, campanulate,
then expanded, scarcely umbonate, clad everywhere as well as the st.
with delicate, scattered, white hairs, which are soon evanescent at the
apex; margin appendiculate with the white, fibrillose veil. St.
5-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, base very dark, subequal. Gills dark
umber, adnate, 6 mm. broad, ventricose. Flesh of the p. pallid, of the
st. rufescent, gradually darker downwards, thick at the disc. Spores
umber brown, elliptic oblong, 17 x 8, 10 x 4ju. Caespitose. Rotten
straw, and rubbish. May. Rare.
1152. P. areolata (Klotzsch) Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 596, t. 570.
Areolata, divided into small patches.
P. 3-7-5 cm., ochraceous, or fuscous, fleshy, convex, minutely
fibrillose, cuticle cracking into nearly equal, square patches, interstices
and margin pale. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., dirty white, equal, often
thickened at the base, fibrillose. Gills umber, at length blackish, edge
white and beaded with drops of moisture, adnate, 4-6 mm. broad.
Flesh tinged brown, thick at the disc. Spores "blackish umber with
a purple tinge, broadly almond-shaped, 12-13 x 8/u." Massee. Densely
caespitose. On wood. Gardens. May — Oct. Rare.
364 PSILOCYBB
1153. P. virescens (Cke. & Massee) Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1182,
t. 1177, as Psilocybe areolata Klot. var.
Virescens, growing green.
P. 3-5 cm., bright dark brown, fleshy, convex, obtuse, then ex-
panded, minutely silky when young, the brown cuticle breaking up
into persistent, angular patches, the interstices being clear pale green,
becoming yellowish with age. St. 4-5 cm. x 6 mm., pale green, and
strongly striate at the apex, ferruginous below, base snow-white, downy,
equal, smooth, firm, straight, or slightly incurved. Grills pallid, then
smoky purple, edge pale, adnexed, 6 mm. broad, rather crowded, soft.
Flesh whitish, ferruginous towards the base of the St., thick at the disc.
Spores sooty purple, elliptical, ends obtuse, 9 x 5/u. Solitary. On
rotten chips, and stumps. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
1154. P. agraria Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 137, fig. 1.
Agraria, pertaining to land.
P. 2-5-5 cm., white, becoming cinereous when dry, fleshy, convex, at
length flattened and then often umbonate, smooth. St. 4-5 cm. x
2-4 mm., white, equal, smooth. Gills white, at length fuscous, obtusely
adnate, linear. Flesh white, firm, not 2 mm. thick. Clay fields, and
about the roots of decayed trees. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
1155. P. chondrodenna B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 599, t. 606, fig. A.
%6vSpo<;, grain; Sep/j,a, skin.
P. 2-3 cm., dark dale brown, fleshy, campanulate, very smooth,
cracked here and there in different directions; margin appendiculate
with the woven, jagged veil. St. 4-5 cm. x 5-6 mm., paler than the p.,
subequal, fibrillose, base squamulose. Gills dark brown, edge white,
adfixed, separating, ventricose. Flesh yellowish, ferruginous towards
the base of the st., thick at the disc. Spores "purple black, elliptical,
6-7 x 3-3-5/z" Massee. Fir woods. Sept. Rare.
1156. P. scobicola B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 598, t. 607.
Scobis, saw-dust; colo, I inhabit.
P. 2-5-4 cm., white, fleshy, convex, umbilicate, smooth. St. 2-5-
4 cm. x 4 mm., whitish, subequal, or dilated at the apex, fibrillose.
Gills brown with a red tinge, adnexed, broad. Flesh white, thin. Spores
pale, elliptical, 8 x 5/A. On pine sawdust, and branches. Nov. Rare.
**Gills plane, very broad behind, somewhat decurrent.
(Deconica W. G. Sm.)
1157. P. ammophila (Dur. & Mont.) Fr. (= Hypholoma ammo-
philum (Mont.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 599, t. 606, fig. B.
a//,/io<?, sand; </>tA.o9, loving.
P. 2-4 cm., reddish tan, becoming paler, fleshy, campanulate, then
convex, and at length flattened, fibrillose. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
PSILOCYBE 365
white, becoming yellowish except at the apex, equal, basal half clavate,
densely covered with matted mycelium and sunk in the sand, sometimes
fusiform and rooting, striate. Gills smoky, then bistre purple, sub-
decurrent with a tooth, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, yellowish at the
base of the st., very thin at the margin. Spores purple, broadly ellip-
tical, 11-12 x 7-8 /z. Sands on the sea shore. Aug. — Oct. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
1158. P. coprophila (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 600, t. 608, fig. A.
/eoTTjOO?, dung; <£tXo?, loving.
P. 2—3 cm., rufescent tan, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded,
umbonate, slightly viscid, smooth. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., rufescent,
becoming pale, attenuated upwards, at first containing a pith, shaggy-
flocculose, the smooth and shining apex pruinose. Veil reddish,
floccose, very fugacious Gills livid, then fuscous, somewhat arcuato-
decurrent, very broad, 4-6 mm., crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores
purple, "nearly lemon-shaped, 11-12 x 7— 8ju,, smooth, with a very
thick membrane. Cystidia cylindric-fusif orm, 40-50 x 8-10 p, " Rick.
On dung, especially cow and rabbit. Pastures, and manure heaps.
Sept. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1159. P. bullacea (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 600, t. 608, fig. B.
Bullacea, having a knob.
P. 1-2 cm., dark bay brown tawny, then ochraceous brick and tan
when dry, fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, then expanded, umbonate,
covered with a viscid, separable pellicle, striate ; margin at first appen-
diculate with the white, floccose, fugacious veil. St. 2-5-3 cm. x
2 mm., slightly tawny, becoming yellow, fuscous ferruginous at the base,
equal, or attenuated at the base, slightly fibrillose, apex pruinose.
Gills livid-whitish, then fuscous purple, adnate, somewhat triangular,
plane, crowded. Flesh brown, very thin at the margin. Spores purple,
pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4-5 p. Cystidia "on the edge of the gill, filamentous "
Rick. Gregarious. Horse dung, pastures, and amongst Polytricha.
April — Oct. Common, (v.v.}
1160. P. physaloides (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 601, t. 609, fig. A.
<f>v<ra\i<;, a bladder; etSo?, like.
P. 1—1-5 cm., fuscous purple, then tan, or flesh colour, paler round the
margin, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, at length flattened,
with a prominent umbo, finally depressed round the umbo, often striate,
pelliculoso-viscid, smooth, shining. St. 2—3 cm. x 2 mm., becoming
pale, base date brown, equal, filiform, flexile, adpressedly fibrillose.
Gills pallid, or flesh colour, then ferruginous-fuscous, adnate, subde-
current, equally attenuated from the st. Flesh whitish, subferruginous
at the base of the st., thin. Spores "yellowish under the microscope,
366 PSILOCYBE
oval, 8-9 x 5-6 /u-. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous" Eick.
Heaths, pastures, rarely on dung. Feb.— Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1161. P. atrorufa (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaefl. Icon. t. 234.
Ater, black; rufa, red.
P. 1-1-5 cm., black-rufous, or purple-fuscous, becoming very pale
when dry, fleshy, hemispherico-convex, obtuse, or with a knob,
smooth, striate at the margin when in full vigour, without striae when
dry. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid date brown, equal, fibrillose, or
smooth, fragile, apex pruinose. Gills greyish, then umber, or purple
umber, adnate, subdecurrent, triangular, broad, edge white. Flesh
thin. Spores "yellowish under the microscope, oval-elliptical, 7-8 x
4-5/1. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform-subulate, 30-36 x 4-6 /u,"
Rick. Mixed woods. Nov. Rare.
1162. P. nuciseda Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 601, t. 609, fig. B.
Nux, a nut; sedeo, I sit.
P. 1-2 cm., light yellowish, fleshy, convex, subumbonate, slightly
silky when dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, becoming fuscous, at-
tenuated downwards, tough, base white villose. Gills fuscous, then
umber black, adnate, scarcely decurrent, broad, plane. Flesh yellow-
ish, thin. Spores "brown, elliptical, 8 x 4/u," Massee. Beech mast,
hazel nuts, and among chips. Rare.
***Gills somewhat linear, ascending.
1163. P. tegularis (Schum.) Fr. Tegula, a tile.
P. tan colour, fleshy, acorn-shaped, then campanulate, smooth,
rimosely areolate. St. pallid, attenuated upwards from the thickened base,
firm. Gills becoming fuscous, attenuato-adnexed, ascending, crowded.
Grassy places. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
1164. P. compta Fr. (= Agaricus comptulus B. & Br. non Fr.) Cke.
Illus. no. 603, t. 589, fig. A. Compta, adorned.
P. 2-5-4 cm., pallid, then ochraceous, submembranaceous, conical,
then expanded, striate, sprinkled with shining spots; margin sub-
crenulate. St. 5 cm. x 2—3 mm., pallid, pale rufous downwards,
flexuose, silky-shining. Gills rosy umber, adnate, ascending, distant.
Flesh white, thin. Spores purple brown. Amongst grass. Woods.
Sept.— Oct. Rare.
1165. P. semilanceata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 604, t. 572.
Semi-, half; lanceata, spear-shaped.
P. 1-2-5 cm., yellow, green, or fuscous, submembranaceous, acutely
conical, almost cuspidate, 10-15 mm. high, never expanded, covered
with a viscid pellicle, separable in wet weather; margin incurved when
PSILOCYBE 367
young, slightly striate. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, equal, often
flexuose, containing a pith, capable of being twisted round the finger,
smooth, cortinate when young. Gills cream colour, then purple black,
ascending into the apex of the cone, adnexed, almost linear, crowded.
Flesh white, thin. Spores purple, 11-13 x 6-7-5 ju,. Cystidia on edge
of gill flask-shaped, or fusiform-subulate, 18-22 x 5-7 /n. Woods,
heaths, pastures, and roadsides. Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 605, t. 573.
Caerulescens, becoming blue.
Differs from the type in the base of the st. turning indigo-blue.
Heaths, and pastures. July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1166. P. callosa Fr. Pers. Myc. Eur. t. 27, fig. 3.
Callosa, thick-skinned.
P. 1-2 cm., livid, becoming fuscous, yellow, or whitish, fleshy, conical,
then campanulato-convex, obtuse, or broadly gibbous, smooth, dry.
St. 5-7-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., yellowish, becoming pallid, equal, often
flexuose, smooth, tough. Gills cream colour, then fuliginous black,
adnate, ascending, ventricose, crowded. Flesh thin. Spores "dark to
dark brown, elliptic-oval, triangular-globose, of various sizes and
shapes, 5-11 x 4-6 /A" Herpell. Pastures, lawns, and roadsides.
Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
II. No veil. St. rigid. P. scarcely with a pellicle, but the flesh most
frequently scissile, hygrophanous. Gills adnexed, very rarely
adnate.
1167. P. canobmnnea (Batsch) Fr. (= Psathyra canobrunnea (Batsch)
Quel.) Canus, hoary; brunnea, brown.
P. 5-8 cm., watery pallid, or fuscous flesh colour, becoming pallid
tan, dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, sometimes cracked
into small squares, somewhat viscid when moist. St. 5-6 cm. x 6-
10 mm., whitish, rigid, equal, rooting at the base, squamulose. Gills
pallid, then fuscous purple, somewhat free, ventricose, 6 mm. broad,
somewhat crowded. Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores "very dark in the
mass, narrowly elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/x, brown, almost opaque. Cys-
tidia on edge of gill clavate-filamentous, 45-50 x 5-7 JM" Rick. Soli-
tary, or laxly gregarious. Grassy places in woods, and burnt ground
in beech woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
1168. P. spadicea Fr. (= Psathyra spadicea (Fr.) Quel.)
Spadicea, date brown.
P. 3-12 cm., date-brown-umber, becoming pale when dry, fleshy,
convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, moist in rainy weather, often
broken up in cracks when dry, hygrophanous] margin inflexed when
368 PSILOCYBE
young. St. 4-10 cm. x 3-10 mm., white, firm, subcartilaginous, equal,
often curved, smooth, silky. Grills whitish, then flesh colour, at length
umber, rounded adnexed, crowded, arid. Flesh whitish, soft, somewhat
thick at the disc. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 9 x 5-6/u,, 1-
guttulate. Solitary, or subcaespitose. On stumps, and on the ground.
Woods, and pastures. April — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. hygrophila Fr. £7/309, moisture ; (£1X09, loving.
Differs from the type in its larger size, the bullate p., the long, 10—
15 cm., subfusiform rooting st., and the emarginate gills deeply decurrent
in the form of lines. Base of ash trees, and stumps. Oct. Eare.
var. polycephala Fr. TroXv?, many; Ke^a\f], head.
Differs from the type in the more slender, densely crowded pilei, and
the connately branched, thinner, flexuose stems. Prostrate trunks.
Rare.
1169. P. cernua (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (= Psathyra cernua (Fl. Dan.) Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 607, t. 574. Cernua, nodding.
P. 2-5-6 cm., livid, inclining to pale when moist, white when dry,
hygrophanous, fleshy, fragile, campanulate, then flattened, obtuse,
smooth, or atomate under a lens, slightly wrinkled when dry, often
slightly pellucid-striate. St. 5-6 cm. x 3-4 mm., shining white, equal,
round, rigid-fragile, sometimes curved, smooth, apex mealy. Gills
white, then cinereous-blackish, adnate, at first linear, then ventricose,
2-4 mm. broad. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores "dark
brown in the mass, brown under the microscope, subcylindrical,
7-8 x 3-4/A, smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill clavate-bottle-shaped,
36-40 x 12-20 ju," Rick. Solitary, or gregarious. On dead wood,
chips, leaves. Aug. — Dec. Uncommon.
1170. P. squalens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 137, fig. 2. Squakns, dirty.
P. 2*5-5 cm., ferruginous, with a lurid tinge, becoming pale and dirty
tan when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, or depressed, smooth.
St. 2-5—5 cm. x 2—4 mm., concolorous, equal, slightly rigid, obsoletely
fibrillose, apex somewhat pruinose, striate. Gills clay colour, then
umber cinnamon, adnato-decurrent, ventricose, 4 mm. broad, crowded.
Flesh becoming whitish, thin. Spores fuscous ferruginous. Solitary,
or subcaespitose. On rotten trunks. Rare.
1171. P. hebes Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 137, fig. 3, minor. Hebes, blunt.
P. 2—3 cm., lurid, pale when dry, hygrophanous, fleshy, convex, then
expanded, obtuse, smooth, somewhat viscid, slightly striate at the
margin when moist, even when dry. St. 4-5 cm. x 4 mm., becoming
pale white, cartilaginous, rigid, equal, smooth. Gills white, becoming f us-
PSILOCYBE. PANAEOLUS 369
cous, wholly adnate, very broad behind, triangular, rigid, arid, crowded.
Flesh cinereous, thin at the margin. Spores black purple, "elliptical,
14-16 x 7/x"Massee. Commonly solitary. On trunks in beech woods,
and amongst grass and leaves near chestnut trees. Nov. Rare.
1172. P. foenisecii (Pers.) Fr. (== Psathyra foenisecii (Pers.) Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 608, t. 590. Foenisecia, hay-harvest.
P. 1-5-2-5 cm., pale fuliginous fuscous, or brown, becoming pak from
the disc outwards in drying, fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse,
smooth, slightly wrinkled in very dry weather. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-
4 mm., rufescent, at first paler and white pulverulent, somewhat
pubescent, then naked, equal, rigid fragile, tense and straight. Gills
inclining to fuscous, livid fuscous at the sides, then umber, adnate, ven-
tricose in front, hence appearing broadly emarginate, subdistant, edge
white. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores cinereous purple,
almond-shaped, 12-15 x 7-9/z. Cystidia on edge of gill cylindrical,
flexuose, apex obtuse, 4-7 /z in diam., base ventricose, 29-42 x 9-1 1/z.
Taste mild. Edible. Pastures, lawns, heaths, and roadsides. Feb. —
Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1173. P. clivensis B. & Br. Cke. lUus. no. 1183, t. 969.
Clivensis, belonging to a hill.
P. 2-3 cm., pallid brown, then pallid ochre inclining to white, sub-
hemispherical, smooth, sprinkled with shining particles; margin striate.
St. 2-5—4 cm. x 2-3 mm., whitish, nearly equal, base slightly clavate,
somewhat silky. Gills umber, edge white, adnate, widely emarginate,
4—5 mm. broad, ventricose in front. Flesh brownish, becoming whitish,
thin. Spores cinereous purple, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x 6-7 /z, 1-2-
guttulate. Heaths, and pastures. June — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1174. P. catervata Massee. Catervata, crowded.
P. 1-1-5 cm., snow white, campanulate, obtuse, smooth, satiny.
St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., white, equal, usually rather wavy, shining, brittle.
Gills grey, then brown with a tinge of purple, edge white, slightly ad-
nexed, rather broad, crowded. Flesh white, rather thick. Spores
brown with a purple tinge, elliptic-oblong, 12 x 4ju,. Densely fascicu-
late. On the ground. Oct. Rare.
P. spadiceo-grisea (SchaefL) Boud. = Psathyra spadiceo-grisea (Schaeff.)
Fr.
Spores black, or blackish.
Panaeolus Fr.
(Travaio\o<$, all variegated.)
Pileus slightly fleshy, regular, viscid, or dry, margin exceeding the
gills. Gills adnate, or adnexed, variegated with the dark spores.
Spores black, or fuscous black, elliptical, oblong ovate, boat-shaped,
B, B. B. 24
370 PANAEOLUS
or almond-shaped; smooth, with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia
present. Growing on dung and rich soil, solitary, or caespitose.
*P. viscid, shining when dry.
1175. P. leucophanes B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 625, t. 927, fig. A.
\evic6$, white; <f>at,va), I appear.
P. 2-3 cm., white, here and there somewhat ochraceous, campanulate,
obtuse, viscid, shining when dry, innately silky; margin appendiculate
with the veil. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, attenuated upwards,
fibrillose, sprinkled with mealy particles, somewhat transversely un-
dulated. Gills pallid grey flesh colour, then black, adnate, edge white.
Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores black, "red-brown under the
microscope, elliptical, with a flattened germ-pore, 10-12 x 6-7 /*.
Cystidia on edge of gill clavate-vesiculose, 30-36 x 9-lOju," Kick.
Pastures. Aug. Rare.
1176. P. egregius Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 624, t. 624.
Egregius, distinguished.
P. 4-5 cm., bright orange brown, disc darker, fleshy, ovate-campanu-
late, 6 cm. high, smooth, viscid when moist, with a trace of agglutinated
down, slightly wrinkled when dry; margin exceeding the gills. St.
12-5 cm. x 12 mm., pale brown, duller than the p., slightly thickened
at the base, fibrillose, readily splitting longitudinally, base white
and cottony, apex smooth. Gills brownish black, with a tinge of purple
at maturity, adnexed, ventricose, 12 mm. broad, thin, crowded, dry,
not deliquescent; edge paler. Flesh ochraceous, thick at the disc.
Spores brown, then blackish, oblong ovate, with a minute apiculus,
15-17 x 7-8/x,. Solitary. On the ground. Jan. Rare.
1177. P. phalaenamm Fr. <f>d\cuva, a moth.
P. 1—4 cm., clay white, fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, viscid,
smooth ; margin appendiculate with the fugacious veil. St. 6-10 cm.
x 3-4 mm., pallid rufescent, equal, slightly firm, pruinose. Gills grey,
then cinereous black, adnexed, broad. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores black,
"elliptical, 10 x 6/n" Massee. On dung, especially cow. Rich pas-
tures. July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
**P. moist, opaque, bibulous, subflocculose when dry.
1178. P. retirugis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 628, t. 627.
Rete, a net; ruga, a wrinkle.
P. 1—3 cm.., flesh tan colour, or pale grey, fleshy, globose, then hemi-
spherical, often subumbonate, reticulate with raised ribs, atomate,
opaque; margin appendiculate with the dentate, torn, fugacious veil.
St. 5-9 cm. x 2-4 mm., flesh colour, becoming purple, equal, pruinose.
Gills cinereous blackish, adfixed, ascending. Flesh thin. Spores black,
"olive black under the microscope, nearly lemon-shaped, 12-14 x 8-
PAN AEOLUS 371
9/M, smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous-clavate, 30-36 x 5-
6/z" Rick. On dung. Pastures, and parks. April— Nov. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
1179. P. sphinctrinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 629, t. 628.
a-faytcTijp, a band.
P. 1-3 cm., fuliginous, or fuliginous grey, livid when dry, hygro-
phanous, fleshy, oval, then campanulate, 2-2-5 cm. high, never ex-
panded, obtuse, always opaque, moist in rainy weather, somewhat silky
when dry; margin crenate with the appendiculate, fugacious, white veil.
St. 2*5— 7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., fuliginous grey, tense and straight, equal,
fragile, pruinose, apex smooth. Gills cinereous blackish, adnate,
ascending, crowded, edge often white. Flesh reddish, fairly thick.
Spores black, globose-elliptical, 13-14 x 9-10/z, with a hyaline germ-
pore at each end. Cystidia on the edge of the gill cylindrical,
flexuose, apex obtuse, 4-5 p in diam., base often subventricose,
30-38 x 6-7 fj,. Rich pastures, and garden soil. April — Nov. Common.
(v.v.)
***P. dry, smooth, slightly shining, not zoned.
1180. P. campanulatus (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 630, t. 629.
Campanulatus, bell-shaped.
P. 1—3 cm., fuscous fuliginous, rufescent when dry, fleshy, campanu-
late, at length convex, often umbonate, slightly viscid when moist,
then somewhat shining, often excoriated when dry. St. 6-9 cm. x
2-4 mm., rufescent, whitish pruinose at first, equal, tense and straight,
apex striate. Grills varying grey and black, adnate, ascending, crowded,
edge often white, and distilling watery drops. Flesh reddish, thin.
Spores black, almond-shaped, 10-12 x J-Sp,. Cystidia cylindrical,
flexuose, apex obtuse, 4-6/z in diam., 35-40 x 7-9 /z. On dung,
especially horse. Pastures, and gardens. June — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1181. P. papilionaceus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 631, t. 630.
Papilionaceus, like a butterfly.
P. 2-4 cm., pallid, or pale grey, disc reddish, hemispherical, pruinose,
rimosely cracked when dry. St. 2-5-7 cm. x 3-6 mm., whitish, equal,
or attenuated downwards, apex white pulverulent. Gills blackish,
broadly adnate, 6-15 mm. broad, at length plane, edge often white.
Flesh pallid, then whitish, thick at the disc. Spores black, almond-
shaped, 14-15 x 7-8 JM, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "on edge
of gill clavate-capitate, 30-36 x 6-7 /A" Rick. On dung, and on the
ground. Pastures, and woods. June — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1182. P. caliginosus (Jungh.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 632, t. 631, fig. A.
Caliginosus, dark.
P. 1-2 cm., brown, fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, smooth. St. 4-7 cm.
x 2 mm., concolorous, equal, even, naked. Veil very thin, or obsolete.
24—2
372 PANAEOLUS
Gills fuliginous black, slightly adnexed, ascending, lanceolate. Flesh
thin. Spores "blackish, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /A" Massee. Rich pas-
tures, and lawns. Oct. — Nov. Rare.
****P. dry, smooth, zoned round the margin.
1183. P. subbalteatus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 632, t. 631, fig. B.
Sub, somewhat; balteatus, belted.
P. 2—5 cm., dull deep fawn colour, pallid when dry, hygrophanous,
fleshy, convex, margin slightly incurved, then expanded, obtuse, or
slightly umbonate, irregular, slightly wrinkled, marked near the margin
with a dark, narrow zone. St. 5-8 cm. x 2 mm., red brown, equal,
brittle, stringy, splitting longitudinally, marked with short white fibrils.
Gills brownish, adnate, slightly ventricose, edge white, slightly toothed.
Flesh brownish, thick at the disc. Spores "black, opaque, almost
lemon-shaped, 13-14 x 8-9/A. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous,
with a brown apex, 36-45 x 6-7 /u," Rick. Caespitose. In a tare-field.
Sept.— Oct. Rare.
1184. P. acuminatus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 633, t. 632, fig. A.
Acuminatus, pointed.
P. 1-5-2-5 cm., flesh tan colour, fleshy, conical, acuminate, smooth,
shining, zoned with a blackish line round the margin which is at first
crenulate. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid above, fuscous below,
equal, pruinose, base thickened. Gills whitish, then blackish, adnexed,
ventricose, broad. Flesh pallid, fuscous towards the base of the st.,
thin. Spores black, "opaque when mature, lemon-shaped, 12-15 x
8-10ju. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous, 50-70 x 4-6 /x" Rick.
On dung. Pastures, and roadsides. Oct. — Nov. Rare.
1185. P. fimicola Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 633, t. 632, fig. B.
Fimus, dung; colo, I inhabit.
P. 1-2 cm., fuliginous grey, clay hoary when dry, fleshy, campanu-
late, then convex, obtuse, smooth, opaque, marked round the margin
with a narrow fuscous zone, and inside this with a white one. St.
5-10 crn. x 2 mm., becoming dingy pale, equal, soft-fragile, obsoletely
slightly silky striate, apex white pruinose. Gills variegated grey and
fuliginous, adnate, slightly rounded, somewhat ventricose, broad,
almost semi-ovate, edge often white. Flesh grey white, thin. Spores
brownish black, "nearly transparent, subelliptical, 11-12 x 7-8 p,,
smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill, cylindrical-filamentous, rarely flask-
shaped, 40-50 x 6-12/i" Rick. On dung. Rich pastures. April —
Oct. Uncommon.
var. cinctnhis (Bolt.) Cke. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 152.
Cinctulus, a little girdle.
Differs from the type in the reddish cinnamon p. with broad brown
PANAEOLUS. MYCENA 373
marginal zone, and the dingy brown st. On dunghills after rain. June —
July. Not found since the time of Bolton.
P. caudatus (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyrella caudate Fr.
P. atomatus (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyrella atomata Fr.
tfMargin of pileus straight, at first adpressed to the stem.
Spores white.
Mycena Fr.
(jiv/cr)*;, a fungus.)
Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, regular; margin straight,
never incurved. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate, or sinuato-
adnate with a decurrent tooth. Spores white, elliptical, oval, globose,
or oblong elliptical; smooth, punctate, or verrucose; continuous.
Cystidia present, very rarely absent. Growing on the ground, or on
wood; solitary, or caespitose.
I. St. juiceless, base not dilated into a disc. Edge of gills
darker, denticulate.
1186. M. pelianthina Fr. (= Mycena denticulata (Bolt.) Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 216, t. 156, fig. 1. 7T€\iaivojjiai, to be livid.
P. 2-4 cm., pale purple livid, becoming whitish when dry, diaphanous,
fleshy, convex, obtuse, or obsoletely umbonate; margin striate. St.
5-8 cm. x 2-5 mm., concolorous, equal, sometimes incurved at the
base, firm, apex fibrillosely striate. Gills dark violaceous, edge blackish
violet, denticulate, truncato-adnexed, very sinuate, distant, very ele-
gantly connected by a network of veins. Flesh whitish, somewhat yellow-
ish under the pellicle of the p., thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical,
6—7 x 3jii, 1-2-guttulate. Basidia clavate, with 4-sterigmata. Cys-
tidia filled with a dark purplish juice or colourless, cylindric-fusiform,
60-100 x 10-12jLt. Smell of radish. Amongst dead leaves in woods,
especially beech. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1187. M. carneosanguinea Eea. Caro, flesh; sanguinea, blood-red.
P. 2-5-3 cm., livid grey, disc tinging rufous, becoming paler, fleshy,
convex, subumbonate, smooth. St. 4 cm. x 5-9 mm., grey, equal,
base yellowish, incrassated, clad with short mycelial strands. Gills
dull purplish brown, adnate, broad in front; edge denticulate, blood-red.
Flesh of p. and apex of st. white, changing to blood-red. Spores white,
elliptical, 4-5 x 2-3/x, 1-guttulate. Woods. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
1188. M. marginella Fr. (= Mycena mirabilis Cke. & Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 1148, t. 951, fig. A, as Mycena mirabilis Cke. & Quel.
Margo, a border.
P. 6-8 mm., somewhat fuscous when young, fleshy, campanulate,
umbo darker, smooth, slightly striate elsewhere and somewhat
374 MYCENA
azure-blue-floccose. St. 6-7 cm. x 1-2 mm., azure-blue-floccose, equal,
tomentosely rooting. Gills white, or cinereous, slightly adnexed, dis-
tant; edge fringed with azure-blue, or red floccules. Flesh tinged with
blue, thin at the margin. Spores white. Fir trunks amongst Hypnum
cupressiforme. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon.
1189. M. avenacea (Fr.) Schroet. Avenacea, oaten.
P. 1-2-5 cm., dirty yellowish brown, disc often darker and obtusely
umbonate, submembranaceous, campanulate, 1 cm. high, wrinkled
when dry; margin striate. St. 5-6 cm. x 1-2 mm., yellowish brown,
apex paler, equal, tough, shining, base white floccose. Gills dirty white,
or greyish, slightly adnexed, fairly distant, 1-5-2 mm. broad; edge
floccose, brown. Spores white, ovate ellipsoid, 9-11 x 5-6 /i. Cystidia
filled with a brownish juice, flask-shaped, pointed above, sometimes
branched, attenuated at base, 45-70 x 6-12 x 2-5-3/x at apex.
Woods, hedgerows and wood stacks. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon.
(9.9.)
var. olivaceo-marginata (Massee) Rea. Cke. Ulus. no. 1153, t. 959,
fig. A, as Mycena olivaceo-marginata Massee.
Olivaceus, olive-coloured; marginata, bordered.
Differs from the type in the smaller spores, 6-7 x 4-5 /i. Amongst
short grass in pastures, hill sides, and hedgerows. Sept. — Nov. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
1190. M. aurantio-marginata Fr. Fl. Dan. t. 1292.
Aurantius, orange; marginata, bordered.
P. 1-2 cm., olivaceous-fuscous, or olivaceous tan, becoming paler,
fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, or obsoletely umbonate,
smooth; margin striate when moist. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., yellow-
ish, or greyish, firm, equal, smooth, base inflated ventricose, clothed with
strigose yellow hairs. Gills grey, then greenish livid, very attenuato-
adnexed, very ventricose, crowded, connected by veins ; edge orange,
floccose. Flesh fuscous, becoming whitish, thick at the disc. Spores
white, elliptical, or pip-shaped with a lateral apiculus, 6-8 x 4-5/i.
Cystidia filled with a yellowish juice, broadly clavate, or bludgeon-
shaped, coarsely verrucose, 30-34 x 12/z. Smell none, or strong.
Grassy places in woods and amongst conifer needles. Aug. — Nov.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
1191. M. elegans (Pers.) Fr. Elegans, graceful.
P. 10-12 mm., yellow fuscous, or light yellow livid, opaque, mem-
branaceous, campanulate, more or less umbonate; margin saffron
coloured, slightly sulcate. St. 5-6 cm. x 2 mm., deep, or light yellow,
apex paler, rigid, tense and straight, equal, base attached to its sup-
port by yellow bristling filaments. Gills greyish, adnate, decurrent with
MYCENA 375
a tooth, linear, 2 mm. broad ; edge darker, saffron yellow. Flesh white,
thin. Spores white, elliptical, with a basal, or subbasal apiculus,
8-9 x 4-5 JM. Cystidia "content dark yellow, obovate or bludgeon-
shaped, prickly, warted, about 9-1 Ifj, broad" Lange. Coniferous
woods. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1192. M. atro-marginata Fr. (= Mycena balanina Berk. sec. Quel.)
Fr. Icon. t. 78, fig. 3. Ater, black; marginata, bordered.
P. 1-5—3 cm., cinereous-fuscous, or purplish fuscous, paler at the
margin, very membranaceous, conical, then conico-campanulate,
1-5-3 cm. high, lax, deeply sulcate, smooth, slightly viscid when moist.
St. 4-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, apex paler, strict, very fragile,
equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, sometimes twisted, sulcate',
base rooting, white tomentose. Gills whitish grey, then flesh colour,
slightly adnexed, attenuated behind, almost linear, narrow, 2-3 mm.
broad, subdistant, often slightly connected by veins; edge black, very
thin. Flesh white, purplish in the stem, thin. Spores white, oblong-
elliptic, 10-12 x 7/x, with a large central gutta. Pine woods. Sept. — •
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1193. M. balanina Berk. (= Mycena atro-marginata Fr. sec. Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 216, t. 156, fig. 2. fiaXavos, an acorn.
P. 2-4 cm., ochraceous with a slight tinge of umber, fleshy membrana-
ceous, convex, somewhat campanulate, obtusely umbonate, at length
more or less expanded, minutely pulverulent, slightly rugulose, striate
when moist. St. 6-7 cm. x 2-4 mm., white and pruinose above, deep
sienna-brown below, attenuated downwards, flexuose, rigid, shining,
quite smooth; base dark brown, villose. Gills pale, or whitish with a
pinkish tinge, quite free, rounded, 3 mm. broad, connected by veins,
edge fringed with dull purple spiculae, which are also sprinkled over the
surface. On beech mast, and amongst oak leaves.
1194. M. rubro-marginata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 78, fig. 4.
Ruber, red; marginata, bordered.
P. 1—2 cm., red-livid, or purple fuscous, becoming pale, sometimes
almost white, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse,
striate, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid livid, rigid-fragile,
equal, often curved, smooth, base slightly thickened. Gills whitish,
then grey, adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, distant; edge fuscous
purple, then brown. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, boat-shaped,
12-13 x 3-4-5/z, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "claviform, pointed at the
free end, 50-60 x 10-16/u, filled with brownish juice" Barbier; "with
one or more sterigma-like projections on the top" Rick. Pine, and
larch woods. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
376 MYCENA
var. fusco-purpurea (Lasch) Cke. Fuscus, brown; purpurea, purple.
Differs from the type in the purple brown p., the finely striate st.
villosely rooting at the base, and the eroded, brown edge of the gills.
Willow trunks, and amongst dead leaves. Sept. Uncommon.
1195. M. strobilina Fr. o-rpo/StXtvo?, belonging to a pine cone.
P. 6-12 mm., persistently scarlet, often paler at the circumference,
membranaceous, conical, then campanulate, acutely umbonate, slightly
striate, smooth, dry. St. 3-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., concolorous, slightly
rigid, equal, smooth, base white strigose. Gills rosy red, adnate, de-
current with a tooth, distant, alternate ; edge darker, deep blood colour.
Flesh reddish, very thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical,
7-9 x 4-4-5/A, 1-guttulate. Cystidia " on edge of gill elongate-vesicu-
lose, 45-50 x 15-18/x" Rick. Gregarious. On pine needles, occa-
sionally in beech woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1196. M. rosella Fr. (= Mycena rosea (Pers.) Sacc.)
Rosella, somewhat rose-coloured.
Rose colour, becoming pale. P. 7-10 mm., membranaceous, cam-
panulate, then hemispherical, obtusely umbonate, slightly hygro-
phanous, striate. St. 2-3-5 cm. x 1 mm., equal, soft, base white
tomentose. Gills rose colour, adnate, with a tooth, subdistant, edge
blackish purple. Flesh white, reddish in the st., very thin at the margin.
Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4/u,. Cystidia "obovate or bludgeon-
shaped, 42 x 7-15ju,, occasionally the apex drawn out, somewhat
bottle-neck-like, the free portion more or less warted, filled with a
reddish or pinkish juice" Lange and Schroeter. On coniferous needles.
June — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1197. M. atrovirens Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7.
Ater, black; virens, green.
P. 8 mm., blackish green, paler and whitish at the striate margin,
bright green at the circumference, slightly fleshy, hemispherical, smooth,
somewhat viscid on the disc at first. St. 3 cm. x 1 mm., cinereous,
or greyish fuliginous, equal, smooth. Gills whitish, green and minutely
toothed on the edge especially towards the margin of the p., adnate,
2 mm. broad, subdistant, attenuated in front. Flesh fuscous, thin.
Smell and taste none. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, often
with an oblique apiculus, 5-6 x 3/u,, minutely punctate; basidia
clavate, 23-25 x 6-7 p,, with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia on edge of gill
abundant, often fasciculate, slightly clavate, or cylindrical, 35-40 x
3-4 /A, flexuose, filled with a greenish juice, thin walled. Beech stumps.
Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
MYCENA 377
II. St. juiceless, base not dilated into a disc. Gills unicolorous, not
changing colour. P. pure coloured, bright, not becoming fuscous, nor
cinereous.
1198. M. pura (Pers.) Fr. (= M ycena pseudopura Cke.) Pura, clean.
P. 2—8 cm., rose, purple, lilac, bluish-grey, or white, fleshy, cam-
pamilate, then expanded, at length rather plane, sometimes um-
bonate; margin striate. St. 3— 10 cm. x 2-6 mm., concolorous, or
whitish, tough, polished, equal, or attenuated upwards when larger,
smooth, base white villose. Gills pallid, or whitish, adnate, broad,
ventricose, connected by veins. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores
white, elliptical, 6-9 x 3-5-4/n, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia on gill edge
only, hyaline, cylindrical, broadly fusiform, or bladder-like, obtuse,
more rarely somewhat pointed, becoming larger with age, 45—60 x
11-20 x 5-10/x, at apex. Smell and taste of radish. Poisonous.
Woods and pastures. June — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. carnea Rea. Carnea, fleshy.
Differs from the type in the fleshy, fibrillose st. Amongst oak and
beech leaves in deciduous woods. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. multicolor Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 114.
MuUus, many; color, colour.
P. 3-5-5 cm., bright greyish blue, umbo fulvous. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-
8 mm., rosy purple, base becoming yellowish, white tomentose. Gills
grey. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3/i (7-9 x 4-5/A Bres.). Cystidia
cylindrical, or ventricosely fusiform, rarely subclavate. Amongst
leaves. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1199. M. zephirus Fr. (= Mycena spiripes (Schwartz) Sacc.) Fr.
Icon. t. 78, fig. 6. Ze^vpo?, the west wind.
P. 2-3 cm., livid reddish, whitish flesh colour, or greyish, disc occa-
sionally becoming fuscous, diaphanous, submembranaceous, campanu-
late, then convex, striate to the middle. St. 3-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., lilac,
becoming rufescent, fragile, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards,
slightly striate, at first clad with deciduous, white scales; base incurved,
woolly. Gills white, or flesh coloured, adnate, subdecurrent with a
small tooth, at length separating, broad, slightly connected by veins.
Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores white, pip-shaped, 7-9 x 4/u,
1-4-guttulate. Cystidia "obovate, globose, or clavate, 40-60 x 16-
25 ,u, crowned with 1-4-finger-like, often branched protuberances,
sometimes only toothed" v. Hoehnel. Gregarious. Amongst fir
needles, or decayed fir wood, and amongst dead leaves. Sept. — Dec.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
1200. M. Seynii Quel. Quel. Soc. bot. Fr. xxm, t. 2, fig. 9. M. de Seynes.
P. 1-2 cm., rosy vinous, disc greyish, pellucid, very thin, campanu-
378 MYCENA
late, then convex, silky. St. 3—5 cm. x 2 mm., hyaline white, be-
coming purplish, often flattened, bristling with white hairs at the
base. Gills rose, or lilac, adnate by a tooth, distant, reticulately con-
nected by veins, firm. Spores white, punctate, elliptical, 7-13 [JL,
barrel-shaped. Smell none, taste like turnips. Fasciculate. Pine
cones. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
1201. M. flavipes Quel. (= Mycena Renati Quel.) Quel. Jur. et Vosg.
ii, t. 1, fig. 4. Flavus, light yellow; pes, foot.
P. -5-2 cm., rosy pink, or violaceous, disc brownish, membranaceous,
campanulate, striate, pellucid, smooth, wrinkled when dry. St.
2—5 cm. x 1—2 mm., yellow amber, pellucid, tough, curved, shining,
villose base swollen. Gills white, then flesh colour, adnate with a tooth,
distant, connected by veins. Flesh yellow in the st., very thin. Spores
white, elliptical, 11-12 x 6-7 /*, punctate. Cystidia "only on the edge
of the gill, very numerous, threadlike above, long and ventricose
below, 26-35 x 10-lQp" v. Hoehnel. Smell faint, of radish. On fir
branches, and stumps. June — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1202. M. clavus (Linn.) Rea. (= Mycena rubella Quel.) Boud. Icon.
t. 68, as Mycena rubella Quel. Clavus, a nail.
P. 5—12 mm., orange scarlet, disc often darker, fleshy, conico-convex,
then plane, umbo acute, diaphanous, smooth; margin pale, striate.
St. 2-4 cm. x 2 mm., white, hyaline, with a fugacious, rosy tint at
the apex, equal, smooth, base woolly. Gills white, then rose colour,
edge paler, adnexed. Flesh of p. red. of st. white, very thin. Spores
white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 6-7 x 3-4/z, multigranular. Cystidia
"only on the edge of the gill, sparse, rigid and threadlike above,
ventricose below, 28-32 x 10/x," v. Hoehnel. On twigs, leaves, and
amongst mosses. Aug. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1203. M. coccinea (Sow.) Quel. Coccinea, scarlet colour.
P. 5-12 mm., rosy-red, somewhat orange, membranaceous, cam-
panulate, striate; margin incurved, wrinkled. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm.,
rose colour, equal, smooth ; base subbulbose, white strigose. Gills rosy,
emarginate. Flesh of p. red, whitish or yellowish in the st., very thin.
Spores white, pip-shaped, or elliptical, with a basal apiculus, 8-10 x
5-6 /A. Cystidia hyaline, flask-shaped, ventricose, apex pointed, or
obtuse, often constricted at about one-third of its length from the
apex, 25-35 x 7-10 x 3-5/z at apex. On larch cones, twigs and
needles. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1204. M. Adonis (Bull.) Fr. Adonis, son of Cinyras, king of Cyprus.
P. 6—10 mm., rose-red, margin whitish, membranaceous, campanu-
late, 6-8 mm. high, minutely and almost obsoletely papillate, smooth,
pellucidly striate. St. 3—5 cm. x 1 mm., shining white, pellucid, fiexuose,
MYCENA 379
equal, smooth; base swollen, strigose. Gills white, or flesh coloured,
uncinato-adnexed, ascending, very thin, narrow, somewhat distant.
Flesh of pileus red, of st. white, very thin. Spores white, elliptical,
often with a basal apiculus, 7-8 x 4/u,, 1-3-guttulate. Basidia "2-
spored. Cystidia awl-shaped-conical, long, pointed, up to 60 p,"
Lange. Woods and pastures. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1205. M. chlorantha Fr. (= Mycena wrens (Bull.) Quel.) Trans.
Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 7, as Mycena wrens (Bull.) Quel.
%X&)/)05, grass green; avOos, flower.
P. 10-15 mm., olive green, becoming paler, disc yellow, membrana-
ceous, conico-campanulate, 4-8 mm. high, then expanded, obtuse,
smooth, striate when moist. St. 2-5-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., bluish,
transparent, firm, straight, smooth, base white villose. Gills white
with a slight tinge of green, adnate, narrow, 2 mm. broad, subventri-
cose, thin, crowded. Flesh bluish in the st. Spores white, elliptical,
8-9 x 5-6/n, 1-guttulate, white in the mass, greenish by transmitted
light. Cystidia "only on the edge of the gill, rarely obtuse, obovate
oblong, generally fusiform, conical or bluntly pointed at the apex,
27-35 x 9-15/i" v. Hoehnel. Woods, and hedgerows. Aug. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
1206. M. lineata (BuU.) Fr. Lineata, striate.
P. 6-15 mm., yellow, olivaceous, rarely whitish, generally becoming
light yellow, very membranaceous, hood-shaped, then campanulate,
obtuse, lineato-sulcate to the disc, smooth. St. 4-7 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
concolorous, equal, smooth, base white villose. Gills white, or pale
cream, adnate, linear, 2-3 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh yellowish at
the disc, very thin at the margin. Spores white, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4/u,
or elliptical, often slightly depressed on one side, 9-12 x 5-6 /z, often
1-guttulate, punctate. Cystidia pyriform, setulose, 20-25/A in diam.
Amongst moss. Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
var. expallens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 78, fig. 5. Expallens, becoming pale.
P. 1-2 cm., pale yellow, campanulate, striate up to the disc. St.
5cm. x 1 mm., pallid; base white, downy. Gills white, linear, very
narrow, rather distant. Amongst moss.
1207. M. farrea (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 80, fig. 4, wrongly cited as
t. 79, fig. 4, in the text1. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. i, t. 2, fig. 1,
surface cells of the pileus magnified. Farrea, mealy.
P. 1-2 cm., whitish, or yellowish, often with a tinge of flesh colour,
membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, subumbonate, sulcate,
covered with a shining pruina (" composed of globose, hollow bodies,
1 Plates 79 and 80 are interchanged in some copies of Fries' Icones.
380 MYCENA
40-50 fi " Plowright) ; margin light yellow, or flesh colour, becoming
whitish when dry, at first floccose, crenulate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
white, somewhat fragile, equal, silky-striate, often somewhat rooting.
Gills white, adnate, thin, somewhat crowded, connected by veins, often
fimbriate. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Amongst moss and heather
on heaths. Sept. Rare.
1208. M. luteo-alba (Bolt.) Fr. Luteus, yellow; alba, white.
P. 6-10 mm., yellow, somewhat shining, not becoming pale, mem-
branaceous, acutely campanulate, umbonate when expanded, slightly
pellucidly striate, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., canary yellow, or
yellowish, equal, subflexuose, tough, smooth, base subfibrillose. Gills
shining white, adnate, somewhat uncinate, at first joined behind,
broad, alternate. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-8 x 3-5-4-5/u," Schroeter.
Cystidia "scattered, conical, often crowned with threadlike pro-
tuberances, 22-36 x 9-12/z, or slightly ventricose, conical, numerous,
obtuse, 16-21 x 7-9/x," v. Hoehnel. Amongst moss. Pine woods.
Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1209. M. flavo-alba Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 80, fig. 5, wrongly cited as t. 79,
fig. 5, in text. Flavus, light yellow; alba, white.
P. 1-2 cm., ochraceous, light yellow-white, or wholly white, submem-
branaceous, campanulate, then convex, at length flattened, um-
bonate, smooth, often striate, scalloped when dry and rimosely split.
St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., pellucidly white, or with a yellowish tinge, slightly
rigid, fragile, tense and straight, equal, apex pruinose. Gills white,
adnato-decurrent, soon separating-free, at length plane, ventricose,
distant. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical,
6-8 x 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. Cystidia flask-shaped, apex subulate, 3-4/z
in diam., ventricose at the base, 35-55 x 12-15/x. Pastures, heaths,
and woods. July — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1210. M. chelidonia Fr.1 (= Mycena pumila (Sow.) Quel.; Mycena
raeborhiza (Lasch) Gill.) Fr. Icon. t. 83, fig. 4, as Mycena rae-
borhiza Lasch. ^e\i8(av, a swallow.
P. 1-2-5 cm., yellow flesh colour, or somewhat tawny, becoming paler
flesh colour, or whitish at the margin, submembranaceous, campanu-
late, conical, fragile, pruinose, pellucidly striate when moist, even when
dry. St. 3-5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, or becoming yellow, equal, tough,
rooting, smooth, apex mealy, base villose. Gills whitish, becoming
yellowish, or flesh colour, adnate, or somewhat free, subdistant, at
length connected by veins. Flesh yellowish, thin at the margin.
Spores white, elliptical, 3 x 1-5-2^, 1-guttulate ("subglobose, 6-8 /x,
or 6-7 x 5-6/t" Gill.). Beech, and alder stumps. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
1 Friea placed this species in the section having milk, or a coloured juice in the
St., but this factor is so slight that the fungus is far better ranged in this position.
MYCENA 381
1211. M. lactea (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 222, t. 159, bottom figs.
Lactea, milk-white.
Entirely white. P. 1-2 cm., membranaceous, campanulate, disc
sometimes becoming light yellowish, subumbonate, striate when moist,
even when dry, margin scalloped. St. 3-7 cm. x 1-2 mm., equal,
flexile, smooth, base fibrillosely rooting. Gills adnate, ascending,
narrow, crowded. Flesh white, very thin at the margin. Spores white,
elliptical, 8-9 x 3-3'5/x,, 1-guttulate. Basidia with 2-sterigmata.
Cystidia sparse, subulate, apex 3 /n in diam., base sub ventri cose,
35-40 x 9/i. Gregarious. On needles, and twigs. Coniferous woods.
July — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. pithya (Pers.) Fr. (= Collybia India Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon.
t. 68, fig. 4, as Collybia India Fr. TTITVS, a pine, or fir tree.
Snow white, drying up and becoming yellowish. P. 6-10 mm., be-
coming almost plane, margin incurved. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm.,
pulverulent, base villose, subbulbous, villosely strigose. Gills somewJiat
wide, distant. On coniferous needles and chips. Sept. Rare.
var. pulchella Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 80, fig. 3, wrongly cited as t. 79, fig. 3,
in text as Mycena lactea Pers. Pulchella, beautiful little.
Differs from the type in the much thinner p., prominent umbo, and
the gills broader at the base and subdistant. Caespitose. On wood.
M. muscigena (Schum.) Quel. = Collybia muscigena (Schum.) Fr.
1212. M. gypsea Fr. 71^05, chalk.
P. 1—2 cm., white, or yellowish, disc yellow, membranaceous, some-
what fragile, conico-campanulate, umbonate, umbo not prominent,
striate to the disc. St. 6-8 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, equal, or attenuated
upwards, rigid, fragile, smooth, or pruinose, base villose. Gills shining
white, adnate, broadest behind, equally attenuated to the margin.
Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5 p. Cystidia "obtusely conical,
30 x llfj,, or obtuse and broadly thread-shaped above, slightly conical
below, 30-62 x 8-16/x" v. Hoehnel. Gregarious and caespitose.
Amongst fragments of wood, and on trunks. June — Nov. Uncommon.
1213. M. nivea Quel. Quel. Soc. bot. Fr. xxm, t. 2, fig. 1.
Nivea, snow-white.
Shining white, transparent. P. 15 mm., very thin, campanulate,
never expanding, sulcate from the apex to the base, pruinose. St.
2-3 cm. x 1 mm., rigid, smooth, apex pruinose, base recurved, fbril-
lose. Gills adnate, uncinate, narrow, distant. Spores pruniform,
10-12/A, granular. On twigs. Deciduous woods.
M . galeropsis Fr. = Marasmius dryophilus (Bull.) Karst. var. oedipus
(Quel.) Eea.
382 MYCENA
III. St. firm, rigid, somewhat tough, juiceless, somewhat strigose
and rooted at the base. Grills changing colour, white, then grey,
or reddish, commonly at length connected by veins. P. not
hygrophanous. Generally lignicolous and caespitose.
M . cohaerens (A. & S.) Fr. = Marasmius cohaerens (A. & S.) Cke.
1214. M. prolifera (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 169.
Proles, offspring ;fero, I bear.
P. 1-2 cm., pallid, disc fuscous, fleshy, campanulato-expanded,
broadly umbonate, dry, slightly striate; margin at length sulcate, or
rimosely split, pale yellowish, or becoming fuscous tan. St. 5-8 cm. x
4-5 mm., pallid, apex greyish, base tawny bay, firm, rigid, smooth,
shining, slightly striate, rooting, often proliferous. Gills white, then
ochraceous, adnexed. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores white. Densely
caespitose, glued together by villose down. Woods, and old logs in
gardens. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1215. M. excisa (Lasch) Gillet. Excisa, cut out.
P. 2—3 cm., brownish, rugulose, disc pallid fuscous, or greyish fuscous,
membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, subumbonate, tough;
margin paler, striate. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-4 mm., greyish brown, be-
coming fuscous, apex paler, firm, tough, smooth, rooting. Gills paler
than the p., hoary, somewhat free, very attenuated at the base, ventri-
cose, connected by veins, very distant, thick. Flesh pallid, thick at the
disc. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9-11 x 7-8 /x. Basidia with
4-sterigmata. Cystidia subulate, filiform, or bottle-shaped, rarely
furcate, base swollen, 20-30 x 10-15/Lt. Caespitose, rarely solitary.
On trunks and stumps of pine. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1216. ML fagetorum (Fr.) Gillet. Fagetum, a beech wood.
P. 1-2 cm., yellowish, pale livid, or fuliginous, membranaceous,
campanulate, then convex, striate half way to the disc, smooth. St.
3-6 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid, incurved, base villose, attached at right
angles to the beech leaves. Gills white, or glaucous, attenuated at the
base and attached to a collar. Spores white, "oblong elliptical, 9-5-
11 x 4-4-5/x. Cystidia few, small, insignificant, club, or pear-shaped,
their not much protruding free portion set with short setae" Lange.
Gregarious. On dead beech leaves. Sept. — Nov. Notuncommon. (v.v.)
1217. M. Berkley! Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 224, t. 148, as Mycena
excisa Lasch.
The Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the founder of British mycology.
P. 3-7 cm., dingy brown, umbo darker, paler when dry, fleshy, cam-
panulate, then more or less expanded, slightly umbonate, slightly
and distantly striate to the umbo, hygrophanous. St. 8-13 cm. x 6-
8 mm., dingy brown with a purple tinge, almost equal, or slightly
MYCENA 383
thickened below, more or less striate; base long, tapering, rooting.
Gills tinged purplish, or flesh colour, broadly sinuate behind, and
adnate with a decurrent tooth, ventricose, 4-6 mm. broad, rather
distant, thin. Flesh of si. purplish. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3'5/x,
with an oblique basal apiculus. Cystidia none. Solitary or sub-
caespitose. On trunks. Mixed woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
1218. M. psammicola B. & Br. Cke. lUus. no. 225, t. 186, upper figs.
i/rayu,yu,o9, sand; colo, I inhabit.
P. 4—9 mm., brown, becoming paler towards the margin, hygro-
phanous, somewhat hemispherical, sprinkled with very minute par-
ticles', margin striate. St. 1-2 cm. x 1 mm., white upwards, umber
downwards, firm, rooting, wholly white pulverulent. Gills white, shortly
adnate, sinuate behind, in the form of a segment. Smell strong, but
not nitrous. Amongst moss on a sandbank. Sept. Eare.
1219. M. rugosa Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 225, t. 186, lower figs.
Rugosa, wrinkled.
P. 2-6 cm., cinereous, becoming pale, very tough, membranaceous,
campanulate, then expanded, at length rather plane, somewhat
obtuse, more or less corrugated, rugosely wrinkled, dry, striate at
the circumference. St. 3-8 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid, very cartilaginous,
rigid, tough, straight, at length compressed, smooth, with a short,
oblique, strigose root. Gills white, then grey, arcuato-adnate, with a
decurrent tooth, united behind in a collar, broad, ventricose, con-
nected by veins, edge sometimes serrulate. Flesh whitish, thick at
the disc. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 9-11 x 6-7 ft, with a large
central gutta. Basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia hyaline, broadly
clavate, or bludgeon-shaped, apex covered with short, simple, more
rarely branched setae, 24-50 x 10-12/A. On stumps and old posts.
July — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1220. M. sudora Fr. Sudor, sweat.
P. 2-5 cm., whitish, or yellowish, diaphanous, submembranaceous,
convex, umbonate, often irregular, striate, viscid. St. 6—11 cm. x
3-6 mm., concolorous, equal, firm, dry, smooth, rooting. Gills white,
then flesh colour, obtusely adnate, broad, subdistant. Flesh white, thick
at the disc. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9-11 x 7-8 /A. Cystidia
"small, little protruding, 24 x 8/z,, elliptical- vesiculose, mostly bluntly
conical, somewhat ventricose below and often oblique" v. Hoehnel.
On and near beech, and beech stumps. Aug. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1221. M. galericulata (Scop.) Fr. (= Mycena simillima Karst.)
Galericulum, a cap.
P. 2-5 cm., fuscous-livid, or changeable in colour, often becoming
yellow, or rubiginous, sometimes white, submembranaceous, conico-
campanulate, then expanded, striate to the umbo, dry, smooth. St.
384 MYCENA
5-12 cm. x 3-5 mm., concolorous, often becoming yellowish, or rubi-
ginous, somewhat fragile, polished, often curved, smooth; base strigose,
fusiform-rooted. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, adnate, decurrent with
a tooth, sometimes connected by veins. Flesh greyish, very thin at
the margin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 10-11 x 6-8 /x, 1-guttu-
late. Basidia generally with 2-sterigmata only. Cystidia hyaline,
broadly clavate, or bludgeon-shaped covered with short setae,
15-40 x 9-12/1. Caespitose, the numerous stems often glued together
with villose down at the base. On stumps, trunks, and pollards.
Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. calopus Fr. (= Mycena inclinata Fr. sec. Lange.) Fr. Icon. t. 80,
fig. 2. /caXo?, beautiful; TTOU?, foot.
Differs from the type in the fasciculate, fusiform chestnut coloured
stem. "P. viscid, gills cinereous becoming whitish, spores ovate
globose, 8 x 6/4" Sacc. On stumps. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1222. M. simillima Karst. Simillima, very like.
P. livid, or dingy pattid, conico-campanulate, even, dry, glabrous.
St. fragile, polished, even, glabrous, base curved, rooting. Gills white,
very slightly tinged with rose, emarginato-decurrent, crowded. Tree
stumps. Sept. Rare.
1223. M. polygramma (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 228, t. 223.
?roXv9, many; ypapfiij, a line.
P. 2-5 cm., fuscous, cinereous, livid, or becoming light yellow, margin
white when young, submembranaceous, conical, then campanulate,
subumbonate, striate, smooth, rarely pruinose; margin often toothed.
St. 6—10 cm. x 2-4 mm., silvery, livid, blue grey, or becoming azure
blue, rigid, tense and straight, equal, longitudinally striato-sulcate,
base strigose-rooted. Gills white, or pinkish, attenuated behind, un-
cinate, subdistant, sometimes serrulate. Flesh greyish, very thin at
the margin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9-12 x 6-8 p, 1-2-
multi-guttulate. Basidia with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia hyaline, flask-
shaped, base ventricose, apex prolonged and attenuated upwards,
flexuose, simple or branched, 20-60 x 4—10 x 1 -5-3/1, at apex. Gre-
garious or solitary . On stumps and twigs. Aug. — Feb. Common, (v.v.)
1224. M. inclinata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 234, t. 225, upper figs., as
Mycena alcalina Fr. Inclinata, bent in.
P. 2-3 cm., fuscous, livid fuscous, or bistre, submembranaceous,
globose, then campanulate, obtuse, rarely gibbous, at length ex-
panded and depressed at the apex, smooth, striate to the disc, shining
when dry; margin at first white, exceeding the gills, delicately crenulate.
St. 6-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, or brownish, becoming fulvous from
the base upwards, slightly attenuated upwards, twisted, flexuose, apex
incurved at first, somewhat tough when young, then fragile, pruinosely
MYCENA 385
fibrillose, apex interruptedly striate; base rooting, villose. Gills whitish,
greyish at the base, sometimes pinkish, adnate, crowded, at length
soft. Flesh whitish, tawny in the st., thick at the disc. Spores white,
subglobose, 8-10 x 6-8 /A, 1-guttulate; basidia with 4-sterigmata.
Cystidia clavate, apex covered with short setae, 30-40 x 9-16/A.
Smell somewhat alkaline. Densely caespitose on oak stumps, and
at the base of posts. Aug. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1225. M. parabolica Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 79, fig. 3, wrongly cited as t. 80,
fig. 3, in the text. Parabolica, like a parabola.
P. 2—5 cm., somewhat violaceous, disc black, margin whitish, or lilac,
submembranaceous, at first erect and oval, then conical, never ex-
panded, moist, somewhat shining when dry, smooth, striate to the
disc. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-3 mm., whitish, or lilac, apex dark violaceous,
tense and straight, not very rigid, white mealy when young, smooth,
dry; base thickened, bearded-rooting. Gills white, greyish at the base,
adnate, ascending, subdistant, rarely connected by veins. Spores
white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6 /z. "Basidia 2-spored. Cystidia obovate,
crowned with minute wart-like setae" Lange; "conical (not, or
slightly ventricose), mostly sharp pointed, 40-60 x 10-20 /u," v.
Hoehnel. Gregarious, or caespitose. On needles and rotten wood, in
coniferous woods. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1226. M. tintinnabulum Fr. Fr. Icon, t 79, fig. 4, wrongly cited as
t. 80, fig. 4, in the text. Tintinnabulum, a door bell.
P. 2-3 cm., date brown, becoming pale, yellowish fuscous, azure blue,
or whitish, submembranaceous, very tough, campanulato-convex, then
plane, smooth, subviscid when moist. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid,
very tough, smooth; base shortly white-strigose. Gills whitish, then
cream, or flesh colour, adnate, decurrent with a tooth, horizontal,
narrow, very thin and crowded. Spores white, "elliptical, 9-10 x
5-7 /x; basidia with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia on edge of gill subulate"
Rick. For Mycena tintinnabulum Fr. sensu Schroet., v. Hoehnel and
Lange give the following dimensions. Spores long-cylindrical, or
ovate, 5-7 x 2-5-3jn. Cystidia vesiculose, obovate, subglobose, or
cylindrical, often set with wart-like setae, 9-15/z across. Caespitose,
or solitary. On fallen beech trunks. Oct. — April. Uncommon.
IV. St. fragile, dry, juiceless, fibrillose at the base, scarcely rooting,
but not dilated nor inserted. P. hygrophanous. Gills changing
colour, at length somewhat connected by veins. Usually strong
scented, solitary and terrestrial, a few caespitose and lignicolous.
1227. M. atroalba (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 137.
Ater, black; alba, white.
P. 2-3 cm., bistre blackish, whitish at the margin, submembrana-
ceous, conico-campanulate, obtuse, smooth; margin pellucidly striate.
B, B. B. 25
386 MYCENA
St. 7-10 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid, apex dark and occasionally pruinose,
tense and straight, shining, smooth, base with a hairy, bulbous, swollen
root. Gills white, becoming glaucous, free, ventricose, crowded. Spores
white, "oval, 12-14 x 7-8/u," Sacc. Cystidia "lanceolate-subulate,
75-105 x 15-20 /x" Rick. Solitary, or gregarious. Amongst moss.
Mixed woods. July — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1228. M. dissiliens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 81, fig. 2. Dissiliens, flying apart.
P. 2-5 cm., cinereous-fuscous, margin whitish, submembranaceous,
very fragile, acorn-shaped, then conico-campanulate, sulcate to the disc,
pruinose; margin revolute. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-5 mm., cinereous, at-
tenuated upwards from the strigose base, somewhat incurved, smooth,
or pruinate, slightly striate under a lens, split and breaking up into
revolute flaps when compressed or bent, often twisted. Gills whitish,
or cinereous at the base, rounded behind, separating free, broader in
front, soft, watery. Flesh white, greyish in the st., thin at the margin.
Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 /z, multi-guttulate. Cystidia "glo-
bose-ovate, 20/z, crowned with a few, short, finger-like protuber-
ances " v. Hoehnel. Smell weak. Amongst grass in woods and heaths,
and on trunks. July — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1229. M. atrocyanea (Batsch) Fr. (= Mycena nigricans Bres. sec.
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 231, t. 236, lower figs.
Ater, black; cyanea, dark blue.
P. 5-13 mm., fuscous, then azure-blue-grey, membranaceous, cam-
panulato-convex, at length flattened, gibbous, with an irregularly
shaped, somewhat angular, wrinkled, obtuse, fuscous blackish umbo,
deeply sulcate to the umbo, sprinkled with a white, evanescent pruina.
St. 3-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., dark blue-black, slightly attenuated from the
subbulbous base, almost equal, rigid, fragile, smooth. Gills white,
grey at the base, attenuat o-adnate, joined in a collar, ventricose, distant.
Flesh greyish, thin. Spores white, oblong, often apiculate at one end,
10-12 x 6-7/u,. Cystidia subulate-fusiform, or cylindrical, apex acute,
2-3/x, in diam., 80-100 x 10-12/A. Amongst pine needles and on
stumps. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1230. M. pullata Berk. & Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 232, t. 237.
Pullus, dark coloured.
P. 18 mm., dark brown with a tinge of purple, disc almost black,
becoming paler, sometimes with a glaucous bloom, membranaceous,
campanulate, obtusely umbonate, sulcato-striate to the middle. St.
7-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous; base thickened, whitish floccose, some-
times rooting. Gills white, adnexed, rather broad, scarcely crowded.
Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3/i. Smell slightly nitrous. Amongst
dead leaves. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
MYCENA 387
1231. M. cinerella Karst. Cke. Illus. no. 264, t. 210, upper figs., as
Omphalia grisea Fr. sec. Lange. Cinerella, somewhat ash colour.
P. 5-15 mm., grey, or pallid greyish, submembranaceous, campanu-
late, entirely striate. St. 2-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., greyish white, equal, base
fibrillose. Gills greyish white, broadly adnato-decurrent. Spores elliptical,
7-10 x 4-6 /A. Cystidia "ovate oblong, generally conical, ventricose
below, apex obtusely conical, often rough, 50-60 x 12-16/u." v.
Hoehnel; "globose, finely warted, not protruding" Pearson "in litt."
Smell very strong, of meal. Woods, and pastures. Sept.— Nov. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
1232. M. paupercula Berk. (= Mycena metata Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 231, t. 236, upper figs. Paupercula, poor.
P. 2-5 mm., pale ochraceous white, becoming almost tawny with
age, submembranaceous, obtusely conical, or hemispherical, minutely
innato-fibrillose, sometimes translucidly striate. St. 1-2-5 cm. x
1 mm., white, curved, rooting, smooth; base thicker, villose. Gills
white, at first free, then adnexed. Smell of new meal. Inside decayed
stumps. July — Sept. Uncommon.
1233. M. leptocephala (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Ic. et Desc. t. 12, fig. 4.
Xe-TTTo?, thin; K€<f>d\.ij, head.
P. 1-2-5 cm., cinereous, submembranaceous, campanulato-expanded,
repand, umbonate, fragile, sulcate, pruinose, opaque. St. 4-6 cm. x
2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, slightly striate, opaque, dry. Gills white
cinereous, becoming white at the edge, emarginate, connected by veins.
Flesh grey, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-9 x 3-4ju,,
with a large central gutta. Cystidia "acute awl-shaped, somewhat
fusiform, 60-70 x 10-14/u," Lange; "lanceolate, 60-100 x 10-18^"
Rick. Smell nitrous. Solitary. On trunks, and on the ground, espe-
cially in coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1234. M. alcalina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 81, fig. 3. Alcalina, alkaline.
P. 2-5 cm., cinereous, fuscous, date brown, inclining to olivaceous,
often tinged with yellow or pink, submembranaceous, campanulate,
obtusely umbonate, deeply striate when moist, shining when dry.
St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., normally yellow, often cinereous, slightly firm,
rigid, slippery when moist, shining when dry, smooth, base villose.
Gills glaucous white, or dark cinereous, becoming white and sometimes
brown at the edge, adnate, slightly ventricose, sometimes connected
by veins, subdistant. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores white,
broadly elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /A. Basidia with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia
hyaline, flask-shaped, or fusiform, base often ventricose; apex pro-
longed, obtuse or pointed, 35-45 x 10-18 x 4-5/x at apex. Smell
strong, alkaline. Caespitose, rarely solitary. Coniferous stumps,
trunks, and needles. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
25—2
388 MYCENA
1235. M. ammoniaca Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 235, t. 238, upper figs.
Ammoniaca, ammoniacal.
P. 1-5-2 cm., fuscous, becoming blackish, varying cinereous, disc
fuscous blackish, paler round the striate margin, submembranaceous,
acutely conical, papillate, then campanulate, naked, discoid, opaque.
St. 2-5-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, slightly firm, equal, polished, dry,
smooth; base rooting, strigose. Gills whitish, or grey, edge whitish,
adnate, linear, distant. Flesh greyish in the p., becoming whitish, thin
at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 6—11 x 4-7 ju, often 1-2-
guttulate. Cystidia hyaline, flask-shaped, ventricose at the base ; apex
acute, obtuse or subglobose, 40-55 x 15-18 x 3-7 /x at apex. Smell
strong, alkaline. In troops on coniferous needles, and amongst short
grass. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1236. M. metata Fr. (= Mycena paupercula Berk. sec. Quel.)
Metata, conical.
P. 1-2 cm., cinereous and slightly striate when moist, opaque, whitish,
and somewhat silky in appearance when dry, submembranaceous,
hemispherico-campanulate, obtuse, then plane, disc papillate or
somewhat umbilicate, very hygrophanous. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 1-2 mm.,
white, becoming cinereous, rarely yellowish, or flesh colour, soft-flaccid,
equal, smooth, base white fibrillose. Gills whitish, or yellowish grey,
adnate, linear, subdistant. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5/A, with
a large central gutta. Cystidia "obovate or pyriform, 12-19/u, across,
set with setulose warts" Lange; "spinulose, 30 x 12-15/>i" Rick.;
"conical, ventricose, 20-50 x 12-16/u," v. Hoehnel. Smell faintly
alkaline. In pastures, and amongst short grass. Sept. — Nov. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
1237. M. plicosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 81, fig. 4. Plicosa, folded.
P. 1-5-3 cm., fuscous cinereous, opaque when dry, membranaceous,
fragile, campanulate, then expanded, broadly and obtusely um-
bonate, deeply lineato-sulcate, plicate with the distant furrows, often
split. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., grey, then fuscous, rigid but fragile,
equal, smooth; base abrupt, white villose. Gills grey, at length whitish
pruinose, adnate, thick, distant, connected by veins Spores oblong-
elliptical, 9-1 1 x 4— 5 fi, " minutely punctate " Quel. Cystidia "on edge
of gill clavate, 40-45 x 12-18/x, with finger-like appendages" Rick.
On bare soil in woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1238. ML cinerea Massee & Crossl. Cinerea, ash colour.
Entirely grey. P. 1-5-2 cm., submembranaceous, subgibbous, or
obtuse, soon expanded, paler and silky when dry; margin striate.
St. 5-7 cm. x 2 mm., cylindrical, smooth; base white, downy. Gills
adnate, subdistant, edge pale, mealy with the spores. Flesh greyish,
MYCENA 389
thin. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 5/x, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia fusi-
form. Smell of radishes. Pastures, and amongst short grass. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1239. M. peltata Fr. Peltata, having a shield.
P. 1-5-3 cm., black fuscous when moist, grey when dry, membrana-
ceous, convex, soon exactly plane, disc orbicular, even, fiat, rather
umbilicate than umbonate; margin up-turned and becoming black
when dry, very closely striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., livid, equal, rigid,
somewhat fragile, often flexuose, smooth. Gills grey, paler at the edge,
adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, ventricose. Flesh greyisht thick
at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-6 /a. Cystidia "broadly
lanceolate, 40 x 12-1 5 jit, sometimes slightly capitate" Rick. Smell
none, or alkaline. Woods, and heaths. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
1240. M. consimilis Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1150, t. 1186.
Consimilis, entirely similar.
P. 2-5-3 cm., cinereous, umbo darker, membranaceous, conically
campanulate, umbonate, striate to the middle, smooth, opaque;
margin soon upturned, at length splitting. St. 2—3 cm. x 2 mm., paler
than the p., attenuated upwards, often compressed below, rather
rigid, dry, smooth. G-ills cinereous, adnexed, or nearly free, linear,
1-2 mm. broad, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc.
Spores white. Amongst grass. Sept. Rare.
1241. M. aetites Fr. (= Mycena umbellifera (Schaefi.) Quel.) Fr. Icon.
t. 81, fig. 5. dertrj;?, the eagle-stone.
P. 1—2 cm., fuscous grey, becoming pale, membranaceous, campanu-
late, then convex, sulcate to the broad, obtuse, prominent umbo, hygro-
phanous, smooth; extreme margin becoming black. St. 4-5 cm. x
2 mm., whitish, becoming fuscous downwards, shining, often com-
pressed, unequal, fragile, smooth. Gills white, grey at the sides,
adnate, subuncinate, thin, at first cohering in the form of a cottar,
beautifully reticulated by veins, linear, subdistant. Spores white,
elliptical, often with an oblique apiculus, 8-10 x 5-6/x. Cystidia
hyaline, flask-shaped, ventricose at the base ; apex prolonged, acute,
or obtuse, 25-50 x 6-8 x Ifj, at apex. Smell alkaline, or none. Taste
bitterish, or obsolete. Amongst moss, and short grass in woods and
upland pastures. June — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1242. M. stannea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 82, fig. 2. Stannea, tin-colour.
P. 3—4 cm., grey when moist, tin colour and silky shining when dry,
hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, then flattened, obso-
letely umbonate, fragile, often rimose, smooth, pellucidly striate when
moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., grey, becoming pale, slightly rigid,
390 MYCENA
not very fragile, sometimes compressed, smooth, shining. Gills
whitish grey, adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, connected by veins,
scarcely crowded. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores white,
elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5/i. Cystidia " flask-shaped-fusif orm, 45-50 x
10-18 fj,, blunt, sometimes capitate" Eick. Smell, like fresh trout, or
none. Amongst grass in woods. June — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1243. M. vitrea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 82, fig. 1. Vitrea, glassy.
Very fragile. P. 1-2-5 cm., fuscous, then livid or bluish grey, mem-
branaceous, campanulate, obtuse, entirely lineato-striate, opaque,
smooth, dry. St. 5-10 cm. x 1 mm., whitish, hyaline, equal, smooth,
glistening, striate under a lens, base fibrillose. Gills whitish, adnate,
linear, subdistant. Flesh fuscous in the p., very thin. Spores white,
"oblong oval, 10 x 4-5 JLI. Cystidia nearly globose, with short spines
in circles, 45 /z broad" v. Hoehnel. In woods amongst Sphagnum.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
1244. M. tennis (Bolt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 237, t. 160, lower figs.
Tenuis, thin.
Very fragile, caespitose, white. P. 1-2 cm., hyaline, or becoming
fuscous white, very membranaceous, campanulato-convex, obtuse,
lineato-striate, smooth; margin slight, beautifully fringed in a crenate
manner, as if appendiculate with the fragments of the veil. St. 7-8 cm.
x 1-2 mm., hyaline, base becoming yellowish, membranaceous, pellucid,
tense and straight, smooth. Gills adnate, with a small decurrent tooth
which is often obsolete, linear, rather thick, comparatively distant,
soft. Spores white, subglobose, 4 x 3p,, with a large central gutta.
Woods, and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
V. St. filiform, scarcely a line thick (and not more), flaccid, somewhat
tough, rooting, dry, juiceless, commonly very long in proportion
to the p. Gills paler at the edge and changing colour. Very slender,
tense and straight, terrestrial, and amongst moss, inodorous, solitary.
P. fuscous, becoming somewhat pale, not hygrophanous, in the last
species orange.
1245. ML filopes (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 238, t. 161, upper figs.
Filum, a thread; pes, foot.
P. 1-1-5 cm., livid fuscous, or livid grey, rarely whitish, very mem-
branaceous, conical then campanulate, obtuse, striate, dry, smooth.
St. 7-9 cm. x 1-2 mm., livid, or becoming fuscous, filiform, tense and
straight, flaccid, not very tough, equal, rooting with a long pilose tail,
filled with a watery juice when in full vigour. Gills white, at length
grey at the base, free, or only reaching the St., ventricose, or lanceolate,
crowded. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical,
MYCENA 391
8-10 x 4-5 //,. Basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia on gill edge,
hyaline, crowded, forming a compact layer, obovate, or pyriform,
minutely setulose towards the apex, 20-48 x 16-32 /JL. Amongst dead
leaves in deciduous woods, hedgerows and plantations. Aug. — Jan.
Common, (v.v.)
1246. M. amicta Fr. (= Mycena Iris Berk. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 82,
fig. 3. Amicta, clothed.
P. 6-12 mm., green, bluish grey, or livid, membranaceous, conico-
campanulate, slightly pellucidly striate to the disc, covered with fuga-
cious pruina. St. 6-8 cm. x 1-2 mm., livid, equal, flexile, covered with
a delicate white pruina] base straight, or with a long tortuose root,
smooth. Gills grey, edge paler, free, or only reaching the st., linear,
narrow, crowded. Flesh fuscous, thin at the disc. Spores white,
elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 p,, 1-2-guttulate. Basidia with 2-sterigmata.
Cystidia hyaline, flask-shaped, apex acutely conical, 20 x 6/z.
Amongst mosses in woods, and pastures. Sept. — Nov. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
1247. M. Iris Berk. (= Mycena amicta Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus.
no. 238, t. 161, lower figs. Ipts, the rainbow.
P. 10-15 mm., grey, becoming yellowish, membranaceous, hemi-
spherical, obtuse, covered with blue, evanescent fibrils, viscid; margin
denticulate. St. 4-9 cm. x 2-3 mm., grey, equal, covered with evan-
escent blue fibrils, which are often only apparent at the base. Gills
grey, edge becoming pale, free, or slightly adnexed, linear, edge some-
times denticulate. Flesh greyish, thick at the disc. Spores white,
elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4 /x. Cystidia "crowded, conical, threadlike, ob-
tuse, 20 x 4-4-5 /i" v. Hoehnel. On fir stumps, and sticks. Sept. —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. caerulea Rea. Caerulea, azure blue.
Differs from the type in the pure blue colour of the p., in the absence
of blue fibrillae on the p. and st., and in the white pulverulent apex of
the st. Spores white, elliptical, with an oblique apiculus, 8-9 x 5/x.
Inside a hollow tree. May. Rare, (v.v.)
1248. M. urania Fr. Ovpavia, the Heavenly One.
P. 6-10 mm.-, dark blue, then becoming violaceous, and at length
pallid lilac, rarely becoming fuscous, membranaceous, campanulate,
then hemispherical, obtuse, striate, dry, smooth. St. 5-8 cm. x
1-2 mm., dark blue, then becoming somewhat azure blue, equal, flexile,
flaccid, smooth, slightly rooting; base white floccose. Gills white,
uncinato-adnate, thin. Amongst alder leaves, Jungermanniae, and
twigs in damp woods. July — Sept. Rare.
392 MYCENA
1249. M. plumbea Fr. (= Omphalia plumbea (Fr.) Rick.)
Plumbea, lead colour.
P. 1-3 cm., cinereous lead colour, covered with a white pruina, some-
times bluish ash colour, membranaceous, convex, then plane, obtuse,
sulcate. St. 7-10 cm. x 2 mm., becoming cinereous, equal, fragile,
pulverulent, apex hyaline, base white strigose. Gills concolorous,
adnate, horizontal. Flesh whitish, very thin at the margin. Spores
white, elliptical, 10-11 x 5-6 p,, 2-multi-guttulate. Mossy pastures,
and amongst leaves. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1250. M. debilis Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 14, fig. 6.
Debilis, weak.
P. 4-6 mm., whitish livid, or somewhat flesh colour, becoming fuscous,
withered and corrugated when dry, membranaceous, very thin, cam-
panulate, then convex, obtuse, striate when moist, even when dry,
smooth. St. 5-10 cm. x 1 mm., concolorous, capillary-filiform, weak,
lax, base fibrillose. Gills whitish, or concolorous, broadly adnate, rather
broad, subdistant. Spores white, elliptical, 10-12 x 5/z. Cystidia
"thin, lanceolate, 60-75 x 9-12/u,, much projecting and making the
gills appear rough" Rick. Amongst dead leaves in woods, and hedge-
rows. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1251. M. vitilis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 240, 1. 189, fig. 2. Vitilis, plaited.
P. 6-10 mm., fuscous, or livid, becoming pale, or whitish, membrana-
ceous, conical, then campanulate, papillate, striate to the middle,
dry, smooth. St. 7-15 cm. x 1-2 mm., livid, filiform, rooted, tense and
straight, rigid, tough, easily flexile, smooth, shining. Gills whitish,
or grey, edge becoming whitish, attenuato-adnate, ascending, linear,
thin. Flesh white, very thin at the margin. Spores white, broadly
elliptical, apiculate at base, 9-12 x 5-7 /A. Cystidia "very like those
of Mycena polygramma, free portion hair-shaped, c. 10/x, long, 2p,
broad, basal part slightly thickened" Lange. Amongst dead leaves
in deciduous woods. Sept. — Feb. Common, (v.v.)
var. amsegetes Fr. Amsegetes, field by the roadside.
Differs from the type in the obsoletely umbonate p., and the shorter,
and thicker st. Meadows, and roadsides.
1252. M. collariata Fr. Collariata, possessing a collar.
P. 1-2 cm., fuscous, becoming pale, often greyish white, becoming
fuscous only at the disc, membranaceous, campanulate, then convex,
subumbonate, striate, rigid when dry, smooth. St. 5 cm. x 1-2 mm.,
grey, becoming pale, filiform, tough, dry, smooth, slightly striate under
a lens. Gills hoary-whitish, or obsoletely flesh colour, adnate, joined in
a collar behind, thin, crowded. Spores white, "elliptical, 8-10 x
MYCENA 393
4-6/i" Berk. Cystidia on gill edge "lanceolate subulate, 50-60 x
10-13/z" Rick. In woods, amongst grass, and on oak bark. Oct. —
Nov. Uncommon.
1253. M. speirea Fr. (= Omphalia speirea (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 78,
fig. 2. tnrelpa, a coil.
P. 4-10 mm., pallid cinereous, or whitish variegated with fuscous
striae, umbo fuscous, membranaceous, conico-convex, then plane, at
length depressed at the disc, smooth, sometimes pruinose. St. 5 cm. x
1 mm., white, base becoming fuscous and ending in a tail-like flbrillose
root, tough, filiform, equal, smooth, shining. Gills shining white,
adnate, then deeply decurrent, distant, the alternate ones shorter.
Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores white, "globose, 6/x, or broadly
elliptical, 6-9 x 4-6/x. Cystidia numerous, cylindrical, conical, gene-
rally sharp pointed, full of small oil globules, on the edge of the gill,
60 x 20/A, on the surface, 85 x 20jn, or cylindrical, conical, with
protruding points, 40 x 20 /JL" v. Hoehnel. Woods, and mossy trunks.
Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
1254. M. tenella Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 241, t. 190, middle figs.
Tenella, rather tender.
Entirely white, or livid flesh colour, caespitose. P. 5-12 mm., mem-
branaceous, very tender, campanulato-convex, obtuse, pellucid; mar-
gin slightly striate. St. 2 cm. x 1 mm., filiform, soft, smooth, base
villose. Grills white, then flesh colour, uncinate, very thin, crowded.
Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 p,, minutely
punctate. Cystidia "on the edge, in several rows, globose, 16-23 /n,
crowned with numerous, short spines" v. Hoehnel. On felled trunks,
and twigs in wood heaps. Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1255. M. acicula (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Mycena coccinea (Scop.) Sacc.)
Acicula, a small pin.
P. 2-10 mm., vermilion-orange, membranaceous, campanulate, then
convex, with a very small slightly fleshy unibo, striate, smooth, shining.
St. 2-5 cm. x 1 mm., bright yellow, becoming pale, filiform, rooting,
smooth, shining, apex somewhat pruinose, base villose. Gills yellow,
becoming whitish at the edge, or wholly white, rounded-adnexed, almost
free, comparatively broad, ventricose, somewhat ovate, distant, the
alternate ones shorter. Flesh reddish in the p., very thin. Spores
white, oblong-fusiform, 9-12 x 2-4/u,, attenuated at the base, 1-
guttulate. Cystidia hyaline, flask-shaped, base ventricose or fusiform ;
apex acute, obtuse, or subglobose; 25-30 x 8-12 x 2-4/x at apex.
On dead leaves and twigs in woods and hedgerows. May — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
394 MYCENA
VI. St. and gills exuding a milky, usually coloured juice
when broken. St. dry, rooting.
1256. M. hematopus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 83, fig. 1.
alpa, blood; Troy?, foot.
P. 2-4 cm., greyish, or white flesh colour with a purplish tinge, disc
bistre, fleshy-membranaceous, conical, then campanulate, obtuse,
smooth; margin denticulate, slightly striate. St. 5-10 cm. x 2-5 mm.,
white, greyish, flesh colour, or violaceous, becoming cinereous, rigid,
fragile, recurved, white pruinose, becoming smooth, containing a
blood-like juice, base strigose. Gills white, then flesh colour, or viola-
ceous, adnate, often with a small decurrent tooth, the alternate ones
shorter. Flesh turning blood red, thick at the disc. Spores white,
broadly elliptical, 10 x 6/u, rounded at both ends, with a large central
gutta. Cystidia "conical, sharp pointed, often ventricose below,
45 x 15/n, or rigid, long, threadlike and pointed above, ventricose
below, 40-45 x 12/z, contents colourless, seldom reddish" v. Hoehnel.
Caespitose. On trunks, and stumps, especially birch. Aug. — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
var. marginata Lange. Marginata, bordered.
Differs from the type in the dark edge of the gills. Cystidia "drawn
out to a sharp point, below the middle fusiformly inflated, 10-1 7 \L
broad, their free portion 45 ju, long, contents pale brownish red " Lange.
On stacked birch logs. Oct. Probably not uncommon, (v.v.)
1257. M. craenta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 83, fig. 2. Cruenta, bloody.
P. 6-20 mm., bay brown, or fuscous, then red, becoming pale, sub-
membranaceous, conical, then campanulate, obtuse, striate, smooth.
St. 5-8 cm. x 2 mm., paler than the p., slightly firm, tense and straight,
smooth, containing a dark red juice, base villose-rooted. Gills whitish,
or pinkish, adnate, linear, crowded. Flesh dark red, thin. Spores
white, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x 6/n, with a large central gutta.
Cystidia "on gill edge only, contents granular, 35 x 9 x 2/z at apex"
v. Hoehnel. Generally solitary . Pine woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
1258. M. sangninolenta (A. & S.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 83, fig. 3.
Sanguinolenta, bloody.
P. 4—20 mm., pallid reddish, becoming fuscous, umbo and striae com-
monly darker, very membranaceous, campanulato-convex, or hemi-
spherical, papillate, smooth. St. 5-12-5 x 1-2 mm., pallid, flaccid,
weak, almost capillary, moderately tough, smooth, containing a pale
reddish juice, base subfibrillose. Gills whitish, or paler than the p.,
edge black purple, adnate, linear, subdistant, the alternate ones
MYCENA 395
shorter. Flesh reddish, becoming whitish, very thin. Spores white,
elliptical, pip-shaped, or pyriform, 8-9 x 4— 6/i, 1-2-guttulate. Cys-
tidia filled with a reddish juice, or colourless, flask-shaped, often pro-
longed at the base; apex long, conical, pointed, 35-50 x 6-8 x 1-2-5/u,
at apex. Gregarious or solitary. Amongst dead leaves in woods,
especially coniferous woods, and in hedgerows. May — Dec. Common.
(v.v.)
1259. M. crocata (Schrad.) Fr. Croatia, saffron yellow.
P. 1-2-5 cm., olivaceous, cinereous, or shining white, umbonate disc
reddish, submembranaceous, conical, then campanulate, smooth;
margin striate. St. 7-12-5 x 2-3 mm., saffron-Uood-colour, especially
towards the rooting, creeping, fibrillose base, slightly attenuated up-
wards, apex whitish, containing a saffron-blood juice that readily
stains the rest of the fungus. Gills white, attenuato-adnexed, broader
in front, subventricose, subdistant. Flesh saffron-blood-colour, yellow-
ish in the centre of the St., thick at the disc. Spores white, broadly
elliptical, or pip-shaped, 9-11 x 6-7 /n, punctate. Basidia with 4-
sterigmata. Cystidia "club-shaped, or somewhat pyriform set with
minute wart-like setae, apex occasionally with a hair-shaped appendix"
Lange. On dead leaves, and twigs in woods, especially beech. Sept.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
1260. M. galopus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 244, t. 207.
iyd\a, milk; TTOV?, foot.
P. 6—15 mm., fuscous, or greyish, the indistinct umbo darker, mem-
branaceous, conical, then campanulate, striate, smooth, or pruinose.
St. 5-11 cm. x 1-2 mm., fuscous, or grey, apex white, firm, somewhat
fragile, smooth or pruinose; base thickened, white villose and rooting,
containing a milk white juice. Gills white, sometimes becoming glaucous,
attenuated behind, slightly adnexed, broader towards the margin of
the p. Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, oblong elliptic, 12-14 x
6-7 //,. Cystidia hyaline, subulate, fusiform; apex acute, simple or
forked, 30-90 x 10-12 x 2-5-3|u. at apex. Amongst dead leaves, on
twigs and stumps. Woods, hedgerows, and wood piles. July — Jan.
Common, (v.v.)
var. alba Fl. Dan. Alba, white.
Differs from the type in being entirely white. In woods amongst
leaves. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. nigra Fl. Dan. (= Mycena leucogala Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 1151,
t. 653, as Mycena leucogala Cke. Nigra, black.
Differs from the type in the dark colour of all its parts. In woods,
on stumps, twigs, and leaves. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
396 MYCENA
VII. St. juiceless, glutinous, or viscid. Gills at length
decurrent with a tooth.
1261. M. epipterygia (Scop.) FT. Cke. Illus. no. 245, t. 208, upper figs.
67T4, upon; Trrepvyiov, a little wing.
P. 1-3 cm., cinereous, grey, or yellow, becoming whitish, membrana-
ceous, campanulate, then more or less expanded, striate, covered with
a viscid, separable pellicle; margin often denticulate. St. 5-8 cm. x
1-2 mm., yellow, sometimes cinereous, pallid, or whitish, covered with
a viscid separable pellicle, equal, tough, often flexuose ; base rooted,
white fibrillose. Gills white, adnate with a decurrent tooth, straight,
or slightly arcuate, little crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores
white, oblong elliptic, 8-11 x 4-5 /x,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia only on
gill edge, subglobose, 10-13/x, setulose, soon fugacious. "None"
Lange. Smell none, or of rancid fat. Woods, pastures, and on leaves,
and twigs. Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1262. M. viscosa (Seer.) R. Maire. Viscosa, viscid.
P. 2-3 cm., whitish, pearl grey, then greyish brown, and finally reddish
brown, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded,
striate, covered with a viscid separable pellicle. St. 5-8 cm. x 1-2 mm.,
citron yellow, or golden, equal, viscid, apex whitish; base white fibrillose.
Gills whitish, then greyish or flesh colour, adnate with a more or less
decurrent tooth, slightly arcuate, narrow, little crowded. Flesh
whitish, becoming reddish brown with age, thin. Spores white, shortly
elliptic, 8-12 x 6-8/n, 1-multi-guttulate. Cystidia none. Smell of
rancid fat. On needles, and rotten stumps in coniferous woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1263. M. epipterygioides Pearson.
Epipterygia etSo?, like the species M. epipterygia.
P. 1-2 cm., greenish yellow, disc darker, membranaceous, persistently
hemispherical, depressed at the centre, viscid pellicle separable;
margin striate, or sulcate, often crenate. St. 5-8 cm. x 1-2 mm.,
greenish, usually with reddish stains at the base, cylindrical, or com-
pressed, hollow, viscid. Gills white, then delicate greenish yellow, adnate,
with a decurrent tooth, subdistant, with intermediate shorter ones.
Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x 7'5-8/x, contents granular.
Basidia 30 x 6*5 /u,, with two prominent sterigmata. Cystidia on edge
of gill brush-like; on gill face none. Damp places in pine woods.
Oct. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1264. M. plicato-crenata Fr. (= Mycena plicata (Schaefl.) Quel.) Fr.
Icon. t. 84, fig. 2. Plicata, folded; crenata, crenate.
P. 6-10 mm., white, becoming yellow, membranaceous, conical, sub-
umbonate, very sulcato-plicate, somewhat viscid ; margin crenate. St.
4 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid reddish, filiform, smooth, viscid. Gills white,
MYCENA 397
adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, narrow, attenuated behind,
distant. Flesh ofst. light yellow. Spores white, elliptical, " 9-12 x 6/x"
Sacc. Amongst moss on heaths, and in coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
1265. M. clavicularis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 84, fig. 1.
Clavicula, a small key.
P. 1-3 cm., whitish, or light yellowish, becoming fuscous, membrana-
ceous, campanulate, then convex and umbonate, at length depressed,
striate, dry. St. 5—8 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, or yellowish, equal,
tough, smooth, slightly viscid, base fibrillose. Gills whitish, adnate,
subdecurrent, often connected by veins. Flesh fuscous, very thin.
Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4//,, " cylindric-lanceolate, 10-12 x 3-4 jn.
Cystidia on gill edge vesiculose-bottle-shaped, 30-36 x 9-11 jit, rarely
lanceolate without a head" Rick. Woods, and damp places. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1266. M. pelliculosa Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 246, t. 191, upper figs.
Pelliculosa, having a thin skin.
P. 1-2-5 cm., fuscous, then grey, membranaceous, campanulate,
then convex, obtuse, lineato- striate to the middle, covered with a viscid,
separable pellicle. St. 2-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., white-livid, becoming fus-
cous, viscid, rigid, tense and straight, smooth, apex somewhat thick-
ened. Gills glaucous white, adnate, alternate, very distant, fold-like,
joined in a collar behind, decurrent. Spores white, boat-shaped, 8-9 x
5-Q/jL, 2-guttulate. Cystidia "none" Rick. On heaths, and in heathy
woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1267. M. vulgaris (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 246, t. 191, lower figs.
Vulgaris, common.
P. 6-10 mm., fuscous, or cinereous, sometimes whitish with the
papilla fuscous, often rufescent when old, submembranaceous, cam-
panulate, then convex, disc depressed, papillate, slightly striate, viscid
pellicle separable. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., cinereous, very viscid; base
rooting and white strigose. Gills white, or grey, uncinato-adfixed, then
decurrent, thin. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores white,
elliptical, 6-9 x 3-4 /*, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "globose, 10-12/i,
provided with numerous short, spiny, protuberances" v. Hoehnel.
Gregarious. Coniferous woods. July — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1268. M. citrinella (Pers.) Fr. (= Mycena tenella (Batsch) Sacc.)
Pers. Icon, et Desc. t. 11, fig. 3. Citrinella, lemon-coloured.
P. 4-10 mm., lemon yellow, disc often darker, membranaceous, cam-
panulate, then hemispherical and flattened, striate, slightly viscid.
St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm., lemon yellow, filiform, viscid when moist, base
villose. Gills shining white, uncinate, moderately broad, distant.
398 MYCENA
Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores white, "broadly elliptical,
8-8-5 x Ip, or 6-8 x 4/u, (Britz.)" Sacc. Cystidia "filiform-clavate,
or fusiform, 30-40 x 5-6 /u," Rick. Gregarious. On pine needles,
and wood. Oct. Rare.
var. Candida Fr. Candida, shining white.
Differs from the type in being shining white, and becoming yellow
when dry.
1269. M. rorida Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 4, fig. 4. Rorida, bedewed.
Entirely white, or with a greyish tinge, but varying with the p. becoming
yellow. P. 3-8 mm., membranaceous, conico-campanulate, then con-
vex, dry, sulcate when moist, even when dry; margin crenate. St.
1-3 cm. x 1 mm., filiform, covered over with a thick, fluid, hyaline
gluten, base inserted. Gills arcuate, decurrent, distant, the alternate
ones shorter. Flesh whitish, very thin. Spores white, oblong-elliptic,
8-12 x 4-5 p. Cystidia "in dense, large groups, slightly conical, often
somewhat ventricose, 18-25 x 6— 9/x, or threadlike, obtuse, slightly
ventricose, 22-25 x 6-7 /n" v. Hoehnel. On twigs, in woods, hedge-
rows, and wood heaps. May — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
VIII. St. dry, rootless, the base naked, and dilated into a disc, or
strigose and swollen into a little bulb. Tender, solitary, becoming
flaccid.
1270. M. stylobates (Pera.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 248, t. 249, fig. A.
a-TV\o<f, a pillar; /8a<m, a pedestal.
Entirely white, sometimes grey. P. 4—10 mm., membranaceous, cam-
panulate, then convex, pellucidly striate, striae often dichotomous,
generally sprinkled with spreading hairs. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 1 mm., fili-
form, equal, smooth, dry, arising from a round, striate, white-villose
disc. Gills free, wholly separate behind, ventricose, broader in front,
distant, alternate. Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, elliptical,
4 x 2/x, ("7-9 x 3-5-4-5/Lt" Sacc.). Cystidia "on the edge of the
gills hair-shaped " Schroet. On twigs, and leaves. June — Nov. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
1271. M. dilatata Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7.
Dilatata, spread out.
Wholly white. P. 5-10 mm., membranaceous, convexo-plane, ob-
tuse, smooth; margin striate. St. 10-15 x 1 mm., filiform, straight,
arising from a convex, smooth, glabrous, orbicular disc. Gills -5-1 mm.
wide, sublinear, attached to a free collar behind. Flesh white, thin.
Spores white, oblong, obtuse at both ends, 7-8 x 3-5/Lt. Cystidia
hyaline, clavate, obtuse, or produced into an acute point, 70-80 x
5-7 /x. Dead twigs and leaves in woods and hedgerows. Sept. — Dec.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
MYCENA 399
1272. M. tenerrima Berk. (= Mycena setosa (Sow.) Quel.) Berk.
Outl. t. 6, fig. 6. Tenerrima, very delicate.
Pure white. P. 2-3 mm., very tender, convex, frosted with minute
granules. St. 1-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., flexuose, pilose, arising from a
minute, pubescent disc. Gills free, ventricose, distant, unequal. Flesh
white, very thin. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5 x 3-4//,. Cystidia
"50-55 x 10/i" Sacc. Dead twigs, fallen branches, and felled trunks.
Aug. — April. Common, (v.v.)
1273. M. discopus Lev. (= Mycena setosa (Sow.) Quel.) Cke. Illus.
no. 249, t. 192, middle figs. Si<r/co<t, a disc; TTOVS, foot.
Entirely shining white. P. 2-4 mm., membranaceous, conical, ob-
tuse, mealy-pulverulent. St. 1-2 cm. x 1 mm., very tender, mealy-
pulverulent, inserted with a small hairy bulb. Gills adnate, few, fold-like,
very distant. Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, globose, 3/>t. On
twigs, and dead herbaceous stems. Sept. — Dec. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
1274. M. saccharifera B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 249, t. 192, top figs.
Saccharon, sugar ',fero, I bear.
Whitish, everywhere beset with shining granules. P. 4 mm., hemi-
spherical. St. 4 x 1 mm., filiform, fixed at the base by a few flocci.
Gills arcuato-decurrent, 8-9, very distant, rather thick, margin and
surface granulated. Spores white, globose, 3p. On bramble, rose,
furze, and nettle stalks. Nov. — March. Uncommon.
var. electica Bucknall. Cke. Illus. no. 248, t. 249, fig. C, as Mycena
electica Bucknall. Electica, choice.
Differs from the type in the sulcate p., and adnate gills. On dead
furze, and sticks.
1275. M. pterigena Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 85, fig. 4.
Trre/H?, a fern; yiyvofiai, I am born.
Entirely rose colour. P. 2-6 mm., globose, then campanulate, 4 mm.
high, very tender, pellucidly striate, obtuse, sometimes at length
umbilicate. St. 1-7-5 cm. x 1 mm., tense and straight, or flexuose,
smooth; base bulbous, white strigose. Gills adnate, broad, distant,
edge darker. Flesh pinkish, very thin. Spores white, pip-shaped,
9-12 x 4-6 jn. Cystidia "ovate, or subglobular with numerous,
minute, erect setae, contents pinkish" Lange. On dead leaves, and
dead fern stems. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
IX. St. very thin, inserted (i.e. growing on other plants without a
root, or tubercle, or flocci at the base), dry. Gills adnate, uncinate
with a small decurrent tooth. Very tender, becoming flaccid as
soon as the sun touches them.
400 MYCENA
1276. M. corticola (Schum.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 85, fig. 2.
Corticola, growing on bark.
P. 4-10 mm., blackish, becoming azure blue, fuscous, or cinereous,
thin, hemispherical, obtuse, at length slightly umbilicate, pellucid, sul-
cate, sometimes flocculoso-pruinate. St. 1-3 cm. x 1 mm., paler than
the p., sometimes furfuraceous and incurved. Gills paler than the p.,
adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, broad, somewhat ovate, distant.
Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores white, globose, 9-10/x. Cystidia
"club-shaped, set with short warts and occasionally some few hair-
shaped appendices" Lange; "on edge of gill clavate, 30-40 x 9-lOju,,
without brush-like head " Eick. On living trunks of deciduous trees.
June — Jan. Common, (v.v.)
1277. M. hiemalis (Osbeck) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 85, fig. 1.
Hiemalis, pertaining to winter.
P. 3-7 mm., whitish, flesh colour, rufescent, rarely azure blue, or
fuscous, membranaceous, campanulate, disc darker, slightly umbonate ;
margin striate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm., white, ascending, incurved,
pubescent downwards. Gills whitish, or flesh colour, adnate, and un-
cinate, narrow, linear. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, globose,
8-9jLt, or broadly elliptical, 10-12 x 8-10/x. Basidia with two long,
curved sterigmata. Cystidia on gill edge only, hyaline, cylindrical;
apex obtuse, or acute, 20-34 x 3-8 p. On trunks in woods. Sept. —
March. Common, (v.v.)
1278. M. codoniceps Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1149, t. 952, fig. B.
K(o8ci)v, a bell; caput, head.
P. 1-2 mm., umber, submembranaceous, campanulate, scarcely ex-
panding, 2-3 mm. high, sulcate, sprinkled with short, erect hairs. St.
4-10 x 1 mm., umber, apex whitish, attenuated downwards. Gills
white, adnate, linear, not crowded. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 2-5-
3/t. Gregarious. On tree-fern stems. June. Rare.
1279. M. setosa (Sow.) Fr. (= Mycena tenerrima Berk.; Mycena dis-
copus Lev. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 251, t. 193, fig. 1.
Setosa, bristly.
Entirely white. P. 1-2 mm., very tender, often becoming fuscous,
hemispherical, obtuse, smooth. St. 1-5-3 cm. x -5 mm., filiform,
covered with distant spreading hairs. Gills distant. Spores white, pip-
shaped, 7-8 x 3— 4jii. Amongst dead leaves, especially beech. Sept. —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1280. M. capillaris (Schum.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 84, fig. 6.
Capillaris, hair-like.
Entirely white. P. -5-2 mm., very tender, but tough, like a small
pin's head, then campanulate, rarely at length umbilicate, slightly
striate when moist. St. 2-7 cm. x -5 mm., filiform, flexuose, flaccid,
MYCENA. NOLANEA 401
base inserted, rarely girt with radiating fibrils, apex becoming fuscous.
Gills adnate, /ew, broad, equal in length. Spores white, "obovate-
lanceolate, 7-5-9 x 3-3-7/A, or 9-11 x 3-3-7 p. Cystidia crowded,
obovate globular, set with wart-like setae " Lange. On dead leaves,
especially beech. Sept. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1281. M. juncicola Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 85, fig. 6.
Juncus, a rush; colo, I inhabit.
P. 2-3 mm., rufescent, or blood red, convex, striate, smooth. St.
12 x -5 mm., fuscous, filiform, inserted, smooth. Gills white, or yellow-
ish white, adnate, distant. On dead rushes in bogs, and twigs. June —
July. Kare.
Spores pink.
Nolanea Fr.
(Nola, a little bell.)
Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, regular; margin straight, at
first adpressed to the stem. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate,
adnexed, or sinuato-adnate. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, or glo-
bose, smooth, or rough, continuous. Growing on the ground, rarely
on wood; solitary, or gregarious.
*Gills grey or fuscous. P. dark coloured, hygrophanous.
1282. N. pascua (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 96. Pascua, of pasture.
P. 2—8 cm., fuliginous when moist, hoary, or becoming pale fawn
when dry, membranaceous, conical, then campanulate and more or
less expanded, striate when moist, silky shining when dry St. 3-8 cm.
x 2-6 mm., pallid fuliginous, or silvery tinged with smoke colour, equal,
or compressed, soft, silky-fibrous, striate. Gills grey, or whitish-fuligi-
nous, sprinkled with the rosy spores, very much attenuated behind,
almost free, crowded, thin, ventricose, or rather broader and obtuse
towards the margin. Flesh whitish, fuliginous when moist. Spores
pink, angular, oblong, 10-13 x 7-8^. Woods, pastures, and road-
sides. May — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. umbonata Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 6, fig. 5, as Nolanea mam-
mosa Fr. Umbonata, having an umbo.
Differs from the type in the umbonate, bay p., and fibrillosely striate,
silvery st. Heaths, woods, and pastures. May — Oct. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
1283. N. proletaria Fr. (= Nolanea staurospora Bres. sec. Quel.;
Nolanea cetrata Schroet.) Boud. Icon. t. 95. Proletaria, poor.
P. 1-5-4 cm., grey, disc umber and villose, submembranaceous,
scissile, campanulate, then expanded, very obtuse, striate at the margin
when moist. St. 4-10 cm. x 2-5 mm., fuliginous-grey, dirty white, or
402 NOLANEA
pale yellow, equal, slightly thickened at the base, very fragile, fibrillose,
striate. Gills fuliginous, then greyish, becoming rosy, separating, free,
subdistant, watery. Flesh pale, deeper coloured at the periphery, very
thin. Spores pink, very angular, generally subquadrangular or stellate,
10-11 x 8-10/ti. Basidia generally with 2-sterigmata only. Woods,
and pastures. June — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1284. N. versatilis Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 12.
Versatilis, variable.
P. 2-5-5 cm., livid aeruginous, fuscous when dry, submembrana-
ceous, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, shining.
St. 3-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., greyish white, with a silvery sheen when dry,
rigid. Gills grey, then sprinkled with the rosy spores, adnate, ventri-
cose, 3-4 mm. broad, widest in front. Flesh dark, fuscous. Spores
pink, angular, oblong, 9-10 x 7/z,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "abundant,
clavate, 45-70 x 9-12jLt, with darkish olive, granular contents" Rick.
Heaths, pastures, and lawns. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1285. N. Babingtonii Blox. Cke. Illus. no. 363, t. 377, upper figs.
Professor C. C. Babington, the eminent botanist.
P. 10-15 mm., cinereous, shining like silk, adorned with dark brown,
fasciculate fibrils which are free at one end, conico-campanulate, disc
rather squamulose. St. 2-5 cm. x 2 mm., clothed with dark brown
down, equal, somewhat strigose, slightly wavy. Gills cinereous,
darker at the base, adnate, ventricose, distant, glittering with little
points. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 7-9/i. Woods. Oct. — Nov.
Rare.
1286. N. araneosa Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 12.
Araneosa, full of spiders' webs.
P. 1-2 cm., dark grey, membranaceous, campanulate, fibrillosely
silky. St. 3-5-4 cm. x 2 mm., grey, with a greyish fugacious cortina,
fragile, fibrillose. Gills greyish-bistre, then dusted with the rosy spores,
adnate, 2-3 mm. wide. Flesh dark, then yellowish. Spores pink, an-
gular, often pentagonal, oblong, 13-16 x 8-9/n, 1-guttulate. Coni-
ferous woods and under conifers. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1287. N. strigosissima Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7.
Strigosissima, very rough haired.
P. 4-8 mm. broad, 3-5 mm. high, reddish brown, or ferruginous,
somewhat fleshy, conical, densely clothed with erect, reddish brown stri-
gose hairs; hairs elongate, apex blunt, septate, 450-600 x 15-20 p;
margin incurved. St. 1-5-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., concolorous, equal, slightly
thickened at the base, densely clothed with similar hairs. Gills brown,
becoming cinereous, pruinose with the spores, adnate, 1 mm. broad.
NOLANEA 403
Mesh concolorous, becoming cinereous, thin, firm. Spores pink, oblong,
angular, 15-17 x 7-8/j, often apiculate, 2-guttulate. Basidia pyri-
form, or broadly clavate, 36-40 x 15-18/u,, with 4-sterigmata. Cys-
tidia on edge of gill sparse, fusiform, or lanceolate, 60-70 x 10-12/z, ;
apex acute, thin walled. Cells of the cuticle of the p. pyriform, 25/z
in diam. Old pine logs. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1288. N. mammosa (Linn.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 81.
Mammosa, having large breasts.
P. 2-8 cm., umber, or fuliginous when moist, isabelline-silky when
dry, submembranaceous, conico-campanulate, papillate, striate. St.
5-15 cm. x 1-5-3 mm., fuliginous-livid, or yellowish grey, rigid, very
cartilaginous, equal, sometimes compressed; apex thickened, white-
mealy; base enlarged, white tomentose. Gills grey, then hoary-rose-
colour, adnexed, separating-free, ventricose, subdistant. Flesh con-
colorous. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 9-11 x 6-7 p, 1-guttulate.
Smell none, or like rancid meal. Woods, pastures, and lawns. Feb. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1289. N. papUlata Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 82, fig. 1.
Papillata, having a nipple.
P. 2-3 cm., fuscous bay, somewhat cinnamon when dry, submembrana-
ceous, convexo-subcampanulate, then expanded, papillate, striate.
St. 3-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, shining, apex obsoletely white-
mealy, base white-tomentose. Gills livid white, then fuscous flesh
colour, sinuato-adnate, somewhat crowded. Flesh concolorous. Spores
pink, angular, oblong, 8-11 x 6-7 /x, 1-guttulate. Smell none, or
pleasant. Pastures, and lawns. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1290. N. juncea Fr. Juncea, like a rush.
P. 1-5-2 cm., umber-fuliginous, then livid when dry, hygrophanous,
submembranaceous, conical, then expanded, disc somewhat umbilicate
and somewhat squamulose, radiately striate. St. 7-8 cm. x 1—2 mm.,
fuscous, then livid fuscous, cartilaginous, equal, round, or compressed.
Gills grey, ascending, adnexed, separating, subdistant. Spores pink,
"angular, globose, 11-13/n" Quel. In Sphagnum swamps, and in
woods. Oct. Rare.
var. cuspidata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 99, fig. 2. Cuspidata, having a point.
Differs from the type in the papillato-cuspidate pileus.
1291. N. fulvo-strigosa B. &. Br. Fulvus, tawny; strigosa, strigose.
P. 18 mm., grey, conical, 12 mm. high, slightly wrinkled. St. 5 cm. x
2 mm., reddish, furfuraceo-squamulose, clothed at the base with rigid
red hairs. Gills grey, adnate. Spores pink, 13 x 9/z. Woods. Sept.
Rare.
26—2
404 NOLANEA
**Gills becoming yellow, or rufescent.
N. nigripes (Trog) Fr. = Naucoria Cucumis (Pers.) Fr.
N. pisciodora (Ces.) Fr. = Naucoria Cucumis (Pers.) Fr.
1292. N. rufocarnea Berk. Cke. lUus. no. 364, t. 378, lower figs.
Rufus, red; carnea, fleshy
P. 2—3 cm., red-brown, submembranaceous, hemispherical, umbili-
cate, indistinctly fibrilloso-squamulose; margin striate. St. 5-6 cm. x
2-3 mm., pale rufous, incurved at the slightly thickened base, minutely
fibrillose under a lens, apex nearly white. Gills rose colour, adnate,
ventricose, attenuated behind, slightly connected and traversed by
veins. Flesh white. Spores pink, angular, broadly elliptical, or sub-
globose, 8-9 x 7/z. Taste rather bitter. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1293. N. vinaceus (Scop.) Fr. Vinaceus, a grape-stone.
P. 3-5 cm., rufescent, membranaceous, campanulato-convex, ob-
tuse, slightly striate, shining. St. 5-7 cm. x 3-5 mm., yellow, smooth,
glabrous, fistulose. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, adnate, or emar-
ginate, distant, thin. Flesh ochraceous, thin. Spores "subglobose,
6-7/i, the angles scarcely prominent" Rick. Amongst moss in woods.
Sept.— Oct. Rare.
1294. N. icterina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 99, fig. 4. t/crepo?, jaundice.
P. 1-3 cm., light yellow green, more rarely yellowish honey colour,
disc often fuscous, and here and there fuscous-squamulose, becoming
pale when dry, hygrophanous, submembranaceous, campanulate,
soon convex, obtuse, or papillate, often quite reflexed, pellucidly
striate, sometimes sprinkled with superficial flocci, slightly silky when
dry. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-6 mm., concolorous, or fuscous, rigid, white-
mealy at the apex, equal, often compressed. Gills pallid, becoming
saffron yellow when rotting, adnexed, separating, sometimes free and
decurrent, ventricose, distant, sometimes connected by veins, even,
crisped and anastomosing. Flesh yellowish in the pileus, white in the
stem. Spores pink, angular, 10-12 x 7-8jii, 1-guttulate. Woods, and
gardens. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1295. N. subglobosa (A. & S.) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1160, 1. 1170, fig. B.
Sub, somewhat; globosa, spherical.
P. 2 cm., yellowish, rather fleshy, hemispherical, rather viscid. St.
3-4 cm. x 2 mm., pale, equal, longitudinally striate. Gills ochraceous
flesh-colour, nearly free, very broad, rhomboidal, convex. Flesh white,
yellowish in the pileus. Spores pink, broadly elliptical, 9 x 7/i. On
the ground. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
NOLANEA 405
***Gills shining white, then rosy. P. hygrophanous.
N. picea Kalchbr. = Naucoria Cucumis (Pers.) Fr.
1296. N. infula Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 100, fig. 1. Infula, a fillet.
P. 1-4 cm., fawn, or fuliginous when damp, isabelline-livid when dry,
shining in either state, membranaceous, pliant, conical, or campanu-
late, often repand and irregularly shaped, centre at length depressed.
St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, cartilaginous, very tough,
polished, striate, base white floccose with the mycelium. Gills shining
white, then bright rose colour, adnexed, separating free, thin, narrow,
very crowded. Flesh dark. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 9 x 6/A,
1-guttulate. Charcoal heaps, lawns, and woods. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
var. versiformis Fr. Versiformis, changing its shape.
P. 12 mm., convex, then depressed or even infundibuliform, per-
sistently papillate, very densely striate, silky-shining when dry. Burnt
ground.
****Whitish. P. not hygrophanous.
1297. N. verecunda Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 99, fig. 5. Verecunda, modest.
P. 1-2 cm., watery reddish, but very pallid, not changing colour when
dry, submembranaceous, at first subumbonate, then rather obtuse,
pellucidly striate to the middle when moist, obsoletely silky towards
the fiocculose margin. St. 4—5 cm. x 2—4 mm., becoming pale, slightly
firm, cartilaginous, splitting into fibrils when crushed, apex mealy.
Gills whitish, watery, adnate, separating, rather thick, distant, distinct,
ventricose, in the form of a segment, 4-6 mm. broad. Spores "10-
12 x 5-8 p" Massee. Densely gregarious, or growing in troops
amongst grass in pastures. Sept. Uncommon.
1298. N. coelestina Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 100, fig. 2. Coelestina, heavenly.
P. 2-4 cm., dark azure-blue, rugged disc darker or blackish, membra-
naceous, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, striate. St. 4 cm. x
1-2 mm., azure-blue-black, attenuated upwards, apex white pruinose.
Gills hoary white, adnate, ventricose, very broad. Spores pink, angu-
larly globose, 7-8 x 7/u,, rough. On old oak trunk, and in pine woods.
Oct. Eare.
1299. N. exilis Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 12. Exilis, thin.
P. 12-18 mm., livid bluish grey, disc darker, papillate, membrana-
ceous, conical, then expanded, striate. St. 5—6 cm. x 2 mm., bluish
green, filiform, sticky. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, adnexed, 2-3 mm.
wide, somewhat crowded. Flesh bluish. Spores pink, angular, 8-10 x
6-7 IJL, 1-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
406 NOLANEA. GALERA
1300. N. rubida Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 367, t. 340, lower figs.
Rubida, reddish.
P. 8 mm., white or greyish, at length with a pale ruddy tinge, mem-
branaceous, convex, at length ura.loilica:te, finely silky. St. 3-4 x 1 mm.,
white, or greyish, thickest above, minutely silky. Gills whitish, then
rose colour, adnate, broad, ventricose, attenuated behind, with fre-
quently a more or less distinct tooth, sometimes subdecurrent. Spores
pink, "elliptical, 4-5 x 3 /A, smooth. Cystidia none" Massee. Smell
of new meal. Among grass in a conservatory. March — Nov. Rare.
1301. N. rhodospora Br. & W. G. Sm. poSov, rose; cnropd, seed.
P. 2-5 cm., sooty-fibrillose, or rufescent pilose. St. 3 cm. x 2 mm.,
white, subbulbous. Grills salmon or rose, sinuate or free. Spores pink.
On earth, and wooden borders in stoves. May — Sept. Rare.
1302. N. minuta Karst. Minuta, small.
P. 1—1 '5 cm., pallid fuscous, paler when dry and shining, convex,
sometimes umbilicate, striate up to the umbilicus. St. 3-5 cm. x
1*5 mm., pallid fuscous. Gills pallid, adnate. Spores pink, globose,
angular, 7-9 p. On peaty soil in woods. Sept. Uncommon.
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous.
Galera Fr.
(Galerus, a cap.)
Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous ; margin straight, at first ad-
pressed to the stem. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate, or
adnexed. Spores ochraceous, cinnamon, or ferruginous, elliptical,
prunif orm, or almond-shaped ; smooth ; with a germ-pore, rarely con-
tinuous. Cystidia generally present. Growing on the ground.
*P. conico-campanulate, hygrophanous, rather even, when dry dotted
with soft particles; st. tense and straight; gills ascending, inserted
at the top of the cone, somewhat crowded. Veil none.
1303. G. hapalaFr. (= Bolbitius apalus (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 1. 127,
fig. 1, as Galera apala Fr. a-7raXo9, tender.
P. 1-6 cm., livid becoming pale, quite white and shining when dry,
submembranaceous, conico-campanulate, then campanulate, obtuse,
regular, smooth, hygrophanous. St. 10-15 cm. x 2-4 mm., shining
white, rather fragile, slightly and equally attenuated upwards, very
straight, clothed with dense, erect, white flocci, base sometimes sub-
bulbous. Gills whitish, then bright ochraceous, adnexed, then free,
very narrowly lanceolate, thin, crowded. Flesh concolorous, very thin.
Spores tawny, pruniform, "12-14 x 7-8 /A" Sacc. Rich grassy places.
Sept. Rare.
GALERA 407
var. sphaerobasis v. Post. <r<f>aipa, a globe; j3d<ris, base.
Differs from the type in the smooth stem, and bulbous base. Grassy
places.
1304. G. lateritia Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 127, fig. 2. Lateritia, brick-red.
P. 1-2-5 cm., ferruginous, or pale yellowish, ochraceous when dry,
hygrophanous, membranaceous, acorn-shaped, then campanulate, ob-
tuse, smooth; margin slightly and densely striate when moist. St.
7-11 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, attenuated upwards, tense and straight,
very fragile, even, white pruinose. Gills cinnamon, or tawny ferruginous,
adnexed, then free, ascending, very narrow, almost adpressed to the
st. Flesh white, thin. Spores ochraceous, " elliptical, with a flattened
germ-pore, 12-15 x 8-10)Lt, smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill basidia-
like; apex prominent, small, stalked, capitate" Kick. Rich pastures,
and grassy places. June — Oct. Rare.
1305. G. tenera (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 518, t. 461, upper figs.
Tenera, tender.
P. 1-2 cm., pallid ferruginous, becoming pale when dry, hygropha-
nous, submembranaceous, conico-campanulate, smooth, slightly striate
when moist, opaque, somewhat atomate, or pulverulent. St. 7-5-
10 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, fragile, equal, or when larger thickened
downwards, tense and straight, somewhat shining, striate upwards, pul-
verulent. Gills cinnamon, adnate, then free, ascending, linear, somewhat
crowded. Flesh yellowish, slightly reddish in the st., thin. Spores pale
ferruginous, elliptical, with a flattened germ-pore, 14-15 x 8-9/t.
Cystidia on gill edge flask-shaped, apex subglobose, or obtuse; 18-
20 x 9-10 x 4-6/z, at apex. Woods, pastures, roadsides and gardens.
April — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1306. G. pilosella (Pers.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 518, t. 461, lower figs.,
as Galera tenera Schaeff. var. pilosella. Pilosella, hairy.
P. 1-5-2 cm., ferruginous, becoming paler when dry, hygrophanous,
submembranaceous, hemispherical, densely covered with short, erect
hairs. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, equal, densely covered with
short, erect hairs. Gills ferruginous, margin paler, adnexed, then free,
ventricose, 4-5 mm. wide, subdistant. Flesh of p. whitish, concolorous
in the stem. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptic oblong, 13-15 x 8/Lt.
Basidia broadly clavate, 20-25 x 12-14/4, with 2-4-sterigmata. Cys-
tidia on gill edge only, sparse, fusiform, apex globose ; 20-22 x 9-10 x
4-5/A at apex. Amongst grass in pastures and on rotten wood.
March — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1307. G. flexipes Karst. Flexus, bent; pes, foot.
P. 1—1-5 cm., ferruginous, ochraceous when dry, fleshy membrana-
ceous, campanulate, obtuse, pellucidly striate when moist. St. 2-
408 GALERA
3 cm. x 1-5 mm., pallid, becoming ferruginous, equal, flexuose, white
fibrillose, apex white pruinose. Gills pallid, becoming ferruginous,
adnate, crowded, oblong. Spores 10-12 x 5-6/z. Amongst grass and
rotten wood. May — Sept. Rare.
1308. 6. siliginea Fr. Siligo, a kind of very white wheat.
P. 1-2 cm., pallid grey, membranaceous, globoso-campanulate, then
convex and expanded, unequal, smooth; margin often flexuose. St.
5-7 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, or pallid, equal, often flexuose, sprinkled
with white pruina. Gills pallid ochraceous, broadly adnate, broadly
linear, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores ochraceous,
broadly elliptical, 10-12 x 6-7 /A. Cystidia "stalked, capitate" Rick.
Pastures and roadsides. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1309. G. campanulata Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1174, 1. 1156, as Galera
siliginea Fr. Campanula, a little bell.
P. 1—2 cm., deep cinnamon, almost white and atomate when dry, per-
sistently campanulate, subacute, smooth, hygrophanous, slightly
rugulose. St. 5 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid, base darker, whitish when dry,
equal, or slightly incrassated at the base, flexuose, almost glabrous.
Gills tawny cinnamon, adnate, 2 mm. broad, rather crowded. Flesh
white when dry, thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, ends rather acute,
12 x 7 JM. Smell strong. Gregarious. Road scrapings, and dry places
by roadsides. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1310. G. ovalis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 519, t. 462. Ovalis, oval.
P. 2-3 cm., ferruginous, becoming yellow when dry, submembrana-
ceous, ovato-campanulate, obtuse, smooth; margin straight and ad-
pressed to the st. St. 7-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, tense
and straight, slightly striate, very fragile. Partial veil here and there
in the form of a ring, fugacious. Gills ferruginous, somewhat free, very
ventricose and broad, crowded, subdeliquescent. Flesh reddish, thin.
Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10 x 6fi. Pastures, and on dung.
Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1311. G. antipus (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 128, fig. 2.
ami, opposite; Troy?, foot.
P. 1-3 cm., deep ochraceous, pale almost white when dry, hygropha-
nous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, disc prominent, smooth.
St. 2-5-8 cm., paler than the p., tense and straight, equal, or bulbous
at the ground level, then continued into a long, tortuose, smooth, tail-
like root, apex white-mealy. Gills light yellowish ochraceous, then cinna-
mon, almost free, attenuated behind, semi-lanceolate, crowded. Flesh
white when dry, thick at the disc. Spores cinnamon, "nearly angular-
lemon-shaped, 8-10 x 6-7 /n. Cystidia on edge of gill, basidia-like-
pyriform, apex prominent, small, stalked, capitate, stalk very short,
GALERA 409
head 4—5 /z, base 12 x 9//," Eick. Pastures, bare soil in gardens,
and on dung. March — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1312. G. conferta (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 18.
Conferta, crowded.
P. 2-3 cm., fuscous, fuscous ochraceous when dry, hygrophanous,
submembranaceous, acutely conico-campanulate, fragile, striate,
smooth, often glittering with micaceous particles. St. 2-5 cm. x 1—
2 mm., whitish, or cream colour, very fragile, silky, shining, naked,
attenuated at the base into a long root, striate, apex mealy. Gills white,
then fuscous ochraceous, slightly adnexed, then free, subdistant. Flesh
whitish, thin. Spores fuscous ferruginous, "ochraceous, pruniform,
10 p, " Quel. Very crowded, subcaespitose. Stoves, and on tan. Nov.
1313. G. spicula (Lasch) Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 7, fig. 5, as Nau-
coria furfuraceus Pers. Spiculum, a little sharp point.
P. 5-15 mm., brown ochre, membranaceous, conico-campanulate,
then expanded, hygrophanous, smooth, striate when moist, floccu-
lose when dry and atomate. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, equal,
thickened at the base, firm, densely covered with white flocci. Gills
ochraceous, then cinnamon, adnate, ventricose, 1-5-2 mm. broad.
Flesh concolorous, whitish in the St., very thin. Spores cinnamon,
elliptical, 6-8 x 4/z, "with an apical germ pore. Cystidia stalked-capi-
tate; head 8-9 />t, stalk 3-4 x 3-4/i, base 18-20 x 15-18^" Rick.
Coconut fibre trunks, and fallen leaves. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1314. G. spartea Fr. o-Tra/oro?, esparto grass.
P. 5-12 mm., watery ferruginous, or cinnamon, tan when dry,
hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulato-convex, then expanded,
obtuse, pellucidly striate when moist, smooth. St. pale tawny, date
brown at the base, tense and straight, equal, smooth, polished, flexile,
diaphanous. Gills darker than the p., wholly adnate, somewhat linear,
then plane, crowded. Flesh concolorous, becoming paler, thin, very
fragile. Spores ferruginous, "subelliptical, 6-8 x 3-4 /x, smooth.
Cystidia stalked-capitate, base subglobose, 15 x 12-15/x, head 5-6 /i"
Rick. Amongst moss on heaths, pastures, and on burnt soil. Sept. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1315. G. pygmaeoaffinis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 128, fig. 1.
Ajjinis, allied to Naucoria pygmaea.
P. 2-4 cm., subfuscous, or honey colour, then tan, fleshy membrana-
ceous, campanulate, then flattened, dry, delicately and — under a lens —
conspicuously reticulato-wrinkled, almost rugged or minutely granular.
St. 5-7-5 x 2 mm., shining white, fragile, equal, often striate and
pruinose at the apex. Veil scarcely any. Gills clay-ochraceous, then
ferruginous ochraceous, just reaching the st., almost free, thin,
410 GALERA
crowded. Flesh concolorous, very thin at the margin. Spores pale
ochraceous, "elliptical, with a flattened germ-pore, 15-18 x 8-12/n,
smooth. Basidia 2-spored. Cystidia on edge of gill pyriform, apex
prominent, stalked, small, capitate, stalk 3-4 x Iju,, head round,
3-4 fjL, base 9/t broad" Rick. Grassy places at the base of trees,
heaths, thickets, and cucumber house. July — Nov. Uncommon.
**P. membranaceous, campanulate, striate, smooth, hygrophanous,
even when dry, opaque, slightly silky; st. thin, lax, flexile; gills
broadly and planely adnate, broad, somewhat denticulate ; cortina
very fugacious. Slender, growing amongst moss.
1316. G. vittaeformis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 522, t. 464, upper figs.
Villa, a fillet ; forma, shape.
P. 1-2-5 cm., date brown, tawny, or reddish, membranaceous, conical,
then hemispherical, obtuse, rarely papillate, pellucid, disc even,
smooth; margin striate, often delicately villose. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 1-
2 mm., rubiginous, opaque, equal, somewhat straight, smooth, or some-
times pubescent or pruinose, slightly striate under a lens. Veil scarcely
conspicuous. Gills watery cinnamon, then ferruginous, adnate, ventri-
cose, subdistant. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores pale ferrugi-
nous, "almond-shaped, 11-15 x 7-9 /A, rough. Cystidia lanceolate,
50-60 x 10-12 jit, with a long, blunt point" Rick. Amongst moss,
and on burnt ground in pastures. May — Nov. Uncommon.
1317. G. rubiginosa (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 128, fig. 3, as var. major.
Rubiginosa, rusty.
P. 6-30 mm., cinnamon, or honey colour, tan colour when dry,
hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, striate through-
out, smooth. St. 5 cm. x 1-2 mm., bay brown, or dark ferruginous,
equal, tough, flaccid, shining, smooth or pubescent under a lens. Gills
ochraceous, adnate, ascending, rather broad, but almost linear. Flesh
concolorous, becoming pale, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10 x
5{j,. Woods, heaths, and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1318. G. hypnorum (Schrank) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 523, t. 465.
Hypnum, a moss.
P. 6-12 mm., ochraceous pale yellowish, or watery cinnamon, tan
when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulato-convex, often
papillate at the umbo, or obtuse, Uneato-striate except at the disc,
smooth. St. 5 cm. x 1-2 mm., slightly tawny, lemon yellow, or ochra-
ceous, equal, fiexuose, lax, smooth, apex pruinose. Gills cinnamon
tawny, adnate, broad, ventricose, distant, often connected by veins,
edge fiocculose. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores ferruginous, almond-
shaped, 11-15 x 6-8 p.. Cystidia fusiform, ventricose, 50-65 x 15-
17 x 5-7 /i. at apex. Woods, heaths, and pastures. May — Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
GALERA 411
var. bryonun (Pers.) Fr. Bryum, a moss.
Differs from the type in its larger size, and rather horny papilla.
Woods, heaths, and hedgerows. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. sphagnorum (Pers.) Fr. Sphagnum, a moss.
Differs from the type in being twice or thrice as large, and in the
long, subfibrillose tawny st. Bogs, and amongst Sphagna in woods.
June — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1319. G. mniophila (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 524, t. 466, upper figs.
pviov, moss; <£i\o?, loving.
P. 1-1-5 cm., fuscous light yellowish, almost clay colour when dry,
membranaceous, campanulate, almost papillate, striate, disc even. St.
4-7-5 cm. x 2 mm., yellow, equal, flexile, fibrillose, apex mealy, base
floccose. Gills light yellow ochraceous, then often fuscous clay colour,
obtusely adnate, piano-ascending, broad, subdistant. Flesh whitish,
thick at the disc. Spores ochraceous, oblong elliptical, 10-12 x 6/u,.
Cystidia "on edge of gill cylindrical-filiform, 30-36 x 3-4 /A" Rick.
Amongst mosses especially Mnium. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1320. G. minuta Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. m, t. 1, fig. 5.
Minuta, little.
P. 2-3 mm., ochraceous flesh, colour, or chamois-bistre, membrana-
ceous, campanulate, glabrous, striate. St. 1 cm. x 1 mm., tawny,
shining, smooth, arising from an arachnoid white pellicle. Gills cream
bistre, adnate, triangular, edge minutely fringed under a lens. Spores
ochraceous, pruniform, 6/x. In troops. Amongst moss, and on the
ground. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
***P. submembranaceous, veil manifest, superficial, separating, at
the first (chiefly round the margin) silky, and squamulose.
1321. G. pityria Fr. TrLrvpov, bran.
P. 2-5 cm., lurid, or becoming ferruginous, pallid tan when dry,
fleshy-membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, smooth,
viscid; margin appendiculate with the fugacious, partial veil, at
length striate. St. 5-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., silvery-shining, firm, cartilagi-
nous, but at length splitting into fibrils, tough, equal, smooth, rarely
fibrillose, apex white pulverulent. Gills watery cinnamon, then ferrugi-
nous, slightly adnexed, ascending, crowded. Spores ferruginous,
"almond-shaped, 12-13 x 8-9 fi, verrucose. Cystidia on edge of gill
filiform-clavate, 36-45 x 4-7 /A" Rick. Damp, frondose woods. Oct. —
Nov. Rare.
1322. G.ravidaFr. Cke. Illus. no. 525, t. 467, fig. A. Ravida, greyish.
P. 1-4 cm., of a peculiar greyish colour, dirty ochraceous when dry,
fleshy membranaceous, campanulate, then hemispherical, moist,
412 GALERA. PSATHYRA
somewhat slightly viscid, very hygrophanous, somewhat silky when dry,
margin appendiculato-toothed with the white veil when young. St.
4-7-5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, becoming somewhat yellow, but silvery
shining, very fragile, ascending, or twisted, equal, fibrillosely striate,
apex somewhat pruinose. Gills ochraceous saffron, or pale yellowish,
somewhat free, broad, ventricose, distant. Flesh white, thick at the disc.
Spores ochraceous, " subfusif orm-elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 /A, smooth"
Rick. Gregarious. Amongst chips, or rotten wood. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common.
1323. G. mycenopsis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 129, fig. 1.
Mycena a-tyis, like a Mycena.
P. 6-20 mm., pallid honey colour, slightly fleshy membranaceous,
subglobose, then campanulate, at length convexo-plane, obtuse, or
gibbous with a broadly elevated disc, naked at the disc, striate and
silky to the middle with superficial, white, villose down', margin often
clothed with little white scales the remains of the veil. St. 5-7-5 cm. x
2-4 mm., yellowish, white silky with adpressed, villose down, attenuated
upwards, straight or undulated, soft, apex obsoletely pruinose, or
slightly furfuraceous, base white villose. Gills pallid, adnexed, then
free, so ventricose at the middle as almost to be triangular, distant.
Flesh greyish in the p., whitish in the St., thick at the disc. Spores
deep ochraceous, elliptical, 9-13 x 5-8jM. Cystidia bottle-shaped,
apex often globose, base ventricose, 46-52 x 15-18 x 6-10/z, at apex.
Sphagnum swamps and in woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1324. G. Sahleri Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 13. Sahler.
P. 4—8 mm., tawny chestnut, honey colour when dry, disc brighter
coloured, membranaceous, campanulate, often acutely conical, smooth,
hygrophanous, striate; margin at first covered with silky, fugacious
fibrils. St. 1-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., amber coloured, shining, filiform, fra-
gile, fibrillose. Gills cream colour, then tawny ochraceous, adnate,
1 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh yellowish, very thin. Spores tawny
ochre, oval, 9-11 x 6-7 p, with an apical germ-pore. On mossy
stumps, especially fir. May — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Spores purple, or fuscous.
Psathyra Fr.
(•^raQvpos, fragile.)
Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, regular; margin straight, at
first adpressed to the stem. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate,
adnexed, or free. Spores purple, fuscous, or cinereous purple; ellip-
tical, oval, or oblong elliptical; smooth; with an apical germ-pore.
Cystidia present. Growing on the ground, or on wood; solitary, or
caespitose.
PSATHYRA 413
P. sarcocephala (Fr.) Quel. = Psilocybe sarcocephala Fr.
P. canobrunnea (Batsch) Quel. = Psilocybe canobrunnea (Batsch) Fr.
P. spadicea (Fr.) Quel. = Psilocybe spadicea Fr.
P. cernua (Fl. Dan.) Quel. = Psilocybe cernua (Fl. Dan.) Fr.
P.foenisecii (Pers.) Quel. = Psilocybe foenisecii (Pers.) Fr.
I. P. conico-campanulate, gills ascending, adnexed, often free.
St. tense and straight. Veil none.
1325. P. elata Massee. (= Psathyra conopilea FT. va,i. superba (Jungh.)
Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 1185, t. 1158, as Psathyra conopilea Fr.
var. superba Jung. Elata, tall.
P. 2-5-5 cm., dark clear brown, pale ochraceous and minutely atomate
when dry, submembranaceous, obtusely campanulate, very sym-
metrical, smooth. St. 10-17-5 cm. x 5-6 mm., snow white, silky
shining, slightly and uniformly attenuated upwards, straight, rigid,
smooth. Gills whitish, then purplish brown, broadly adnate, 3-4 mm.
broad, soft, crowded. Flesh brownish, becoming whitish, thin at the
margin. Spores brown with a purple tinge, elliptical, 18 x 8-9/Lt.
Amongst grass in hedge banks. Aug. Rare.
1326. P. conopilea Fr. (= Psathyra superba Jungh. sec. Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 609, t. 575. KWVO?, a cone; pileus, cap.
P. 2-5 cm., bay brown, then pale ochraceous when dry, submembrana-
ceous, conico-campanulate, scarcely expanded, obtuse, smooth, fragile.
St. 10-15 cm. x 2-4 mm., silvery-shining, becoming yellowish, slightly
attenuated upwards, tense and straight, polished, smooth. Gills white,
then flesh colour and finally fuscous purple, adnexed in the top of the
cone, 4-5 mm. broad, only slightly ventricose, crowded. Flesh yellow-
ish, then whitish, thin. Spores fuscous purple, broadly elliptical,
12-15 x 7-8/x. Pastures, roadsides, ditches. Sept. — Nov. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1327. P. mastigera B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 610, t. 591, fig. A.
//,a<7T09, a breast; gero, I bear.
P. 2-3 cm., dark rich brown, umber tan when dry, fleshy, nearly
cylindrical, obtuse, conico-campanulate, with a strong mammiform
umbo, repand; margin straight. St. 6-8 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, at-
tenuated upwards, smooth, or fibrillose and furfuraceous. Gills
umber, edge paler, affixed, ascending, rather narrow. Flesh pale umber,
thick at the disc. Spores fuscous, "elliptical, 15-16 x 7-8 JLI" Massee.
Roadsides amongst grass. July — Nov. Rare.
1328. P. Loscosii Rabenh. Francisco Loscos.
P. 5 cm., greyish fuscous, membranaceous, campanulate, then ex-
panded, radiately sulcate, folds at length granularly crenate; margin
414 PSATHYBA
involute. St. 7-5-12-5 cm. x 4-5 mm., pallid, becoming fuscous, equal,
tough, striate. Gills fuscous, becoming black, adnate, somewhat
crowded. Flesh sienna, thin. Smell and taste slight, fungoid. Caespi-
tose. Gardens, on mushroom beds. Nov. Eare.
1329. P. corrugis (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 611, t. 576.
Corrugis, full of wrinkles.
P. 1-4 cm., rose colour, or pallid flesh colour, becoming pale when dry,
submembranaceous, fragile, campanulate, often subumbonate, smooth,
slightly striate when moist, wrinkled when dry, sprinkled with shining
atoms. St. 4-10 cm. x 2-5 mm., whitish, or rufescent, equal, tense and
straight, slightly firm, smooth. Gills white, then violaceous, at length
blackish, edge white, adnate, or sinuato-adnate, ventricose. Flesh
whitish, thin. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 12-14 x 6-7 /u,. Cys-
tidia " ventricose-fusiform, 60-75 x 10-12/M, often with a clavate,
swollen apex" Eick. Woods, pastures, hedgerows, and gardens.
April — Jan. Common, (v.v.)
var. vinosa (Cda.) B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 612, t. 592.
Vinosa, wine colour.
Differs from the type in the somewhat roseate p. Gardens, and
pastures. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. gracilis B. & Br. Gracilis, thin.
Differs from the type in being more slender. Gardens, and roadsides.
Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
These forms are not really worthy of varietal names.
1330. P. peUosperma (Bull.) B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 613, t. 577.
TreXXo?, dark coloured; wep^a, seed.
P. 1-5-3 cm., white, or ochrey white, becoming fuliginous with age,
subcampanulate, or subovate, smooth, then striate, sometimes rugose.
St. 6-12 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, or concolorous, nearly equal, naked.
Gills cinereous, then fuliginous, at length black, free, broad, much
narrowed at the tips. Flesh white, thin. Spores cinereous fuscous,
elliptical, 8 x 4-5/x. Woods, and gardens. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
1331. P. gyroflexa Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1184, t. 970.
yvpos, round ',flexa, bent.
P. 1—1-5 cm., white, then pallid, or greyish, disc rufescent, submem-
branaceous, conical, then campanulate, obtuse, smooth, atomate;
margin striate. St. 4—5 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, shining, fragile, flexuose,
twisted, smooth. Gills greyish, then purple, adnate, ascending, broad.
Flesh white, thin. Spores "brown, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6 /x, smooth.
Cystidia on edge of gill ventricose-flask-shaped, 36-40 x 10-15/x,
blunt" Eick. Scattered, or subcaespitose. Pastures, and at the roots
of trees. Aug. Uncommon.
PSATHYRA 415
1332. P. tenuicula Karst. Tenuicula, slight.
P. whitish, then livid, or smoky, pale when dry, campanulate, then
somewhat expanded, everywhere striate. St. hyaline, pellucid, usually
wavy. Gills pallid, then grey, adnate. Flesh, very thin. Spores, ellip-
tical, 5-6 x 3fj,.
II. P. campanulato-convex, flattened, smooth, or atomate;
gills piano- or arcuato-adfixed. Veil none.
1333. P. spadiceo-grisea (Schaeff.) Fr. Boud. Icon. 1. 135, as Psilocybe
spadiceo-grisea (Schaeff.) Fr. Spadicea, date brown ; grisea, grey.
P. 3-6 cm., date brown, whitish grey when dry, very hygrophanous,
submembranaceous, very fragile, campanulate, then convex, at length
flattened, obtuse, or with a darker umbo, smooth ; margin striate. St.
4-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, shining, equal, apex striate, sometimes
pulverulent, base slightly swollen and white hairy. Gills umber fuscous,
adnexed, attenuated behind, at first ascending, narrow, crowded. Flesh
more or less fuliginous, becoming whitish, rather thick. Spores brownish
purple, oblong-elliptic, 8-11 x 4-6 //,, 1-multi-guttulate. Cystidia "on
surface of gill ventricose-cylindrical, 40-50 x 9-1 2 p, on edge of gill
vesiculose-clavate, 30-40 x 15-20 /u," Rick. Taste mild. Edible.
Solitary, or gregarious. On stumps, or at the base of trees. Woods,
and plantations. March — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1334. P. obtusata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 615, t. 593. Obtusata, blunted.
P. 1-3 cm., date brown fuscous, or umber fuscous, paler at the margin,
somewhat shining, submembranaceous, conical, then convex, at length
flattened, obtuse, wrinkled, disc even, hygrophanous; margin striate.
St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, equal, round, fragile, fibrilloso-
silky. Gills cinereous fuscous, then umber, adnate, broad, distinct,
subdistant. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores "reddish brown
under the microscope, elliptical, 9-10 x 5/u,, smooth. Cystidia lan-
ceolate-flask-shaped, 45-60 x 12-15/u," Rick. Solitary, or caespi-
tose. On oak trunks, and on the ground. Woods, and hedgerows.
Aug. — Nov. Uncommon.
var. minor (Vaill.) Fr. Minor, smaller.
Differs from the type in its smaller size.
1335. P. neglecta Massee. Neglecta, overlooked.
P. 6-8 mm., pale ochraceous, white when dry except the disc, convex,
then almost plane, smooth, atomate when dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm.,
white, tinged with rufous below, pellucid, rather wavy, smooth. Gills
purple brown at maturity, slightly attached, rather broad, ventricose,
crowded. Spores purple brown, elliptical, 12 x 6/u,. On the ground.
Gardens. Oct. — Nov. Rare.
416 PSATHYRA
III. P. and st. at the first floccose or fibrillose from the
universal veil.
1336. P. frustulenta Fr. Frustuknta, full of small pieces.
P. 2—3 cm., watery ferruginous, but somewhat pallid, becoming pale
when dry, submembranaceous, very fragile, campanulate, then hemi-
spherical, obtuse, somewhat striate when moist, whitish floccose at or
about the margin. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, equal, somewhat
undulate, fibrillose, or sprinkled with white flocci. Gills watery cinnamon,
then fuscous, adnate, ascending, crowded. Flesh thin at the disc.
Spores "brown, short, elliptical, almost round, 6-7 x 4-5 fi, smooth.
Cystidia fusiform, 45-50 x 10-12/u," Rick. Amongst damp gravel.
Woods. Sept. Rare.
1337. P. bifrons Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 616, t. 594, fig. A.
Bifrons, with two faces.
P. 5-20 mm., ochraceous brown, tinged with red, pale tan when dry,
submembranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, slightly wrinkled, covered
with a delicate evanescent veil when young; margin thin, transparent.
St. 4-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, thickest at the base, straight, very
brittle, minutely satiny, naked. Gills pinkish cinereous, adnate, moder-
ately broad ; edge white, composed of minute wavy teeth Flesh yellow-
ish, thin. Spores cinereous purple, elliptical, obtuse at the one end,
subapiculate at the other, 9-10 x 4-5 /x. Cystidia "on edge of gill
subulate, 36-40 x 6-8 /A, blunt" Rick. Woods, hedgerows, and wood
heaps. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. semitincta Phill. Cke. Illus. no. 616, t. 594, fig. B.
Semi-, half; tincta, dyed.
Differs from the type in the pinkish p., with ochraceous disc. Woods,
and hedgerows. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1338. P. fatua Fr. (= Hypholoma fatuum (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus.
no. 618, t. 595, fig. A. Fatua, foolish.
P. 3-8 cm., tan fuscous, ochraceous clay when dry, submembrana-
ceous, oval, then campanulate, at length expanded, obtuse, everywhere
adpressedly fibrillose when young (the fibrils soon fugacious), then smooth,
rugulose and whitish clay colour when full grown ; margin somewhat
undulate, sometimes appendiculate with the veil. St. 5-7-5 cm. x
4—6 mm., shining white, somewhat firm, soon smooth, apex striate and
white mealy, base white villose. Gills white, then fuscous, adnate,
linear, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded, edge often white. Flesh concolorous,
thin. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, "12-13 x 6-7 /x" Sacc.
Caespitose, rarely solitary. Thickets, gardens, and rich pastures.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
PSATHYRA 417
1339. P. semivestita B. & Br. (= Hypholoma semivestitum (B. & Br.)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 617, t. 578. Semi-, half; vestita, clothed.
P. 1-2 cm., dark brown, becoming pale, ovate, obtuse, sprinkled with
little snow-white fibrils more than half way up. St. 5—7 cm. x 3 mm.,
snow-white, with a pale under tinge of brown, nearly straight, fibril-
loso-silky, the walls within white with down. Gills umber brown,
tinged with the dark spores, adnate, ascending, broad behind. Flesh
white, thick at the disc. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 10-12 x
5(j.. Cystidia "fusiform, 45-60 x 10-13//," Eick. Caespitose, or soli-
tary. Amongst grass. Rich pastures, and woods. Aug. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1340. P. fibrfflosa (Pers.) Fr. (= Hypholoma fibrillosum (Pers.)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 618, t. 595, fig. B.
Fibrillosa, full of fibrils.
P. 2-3 cm., livid, or becoming white, submembranaceous, fragile,
campanulate, then convex, at length flattened, obtuse, striate, covered
with long, white, fugacious fibrils, soon smooth. St. 6-10 cm. x 4—
6 mm., white, equal, fragile, clothed throughout with fibrilloso-fascicu-
late, spreading, fugacious, white squamules, then smooth. Gills cinereous,
then becoming black purple, adnate, broader behind, 6-10 mm. broad,
at length plane, edge often white. Flesh greyish, becoming white, thin
at the margin. Spores black purple, pip-shaped, 6 x 3/x. Cystidia
" on edge of gill, vesiculose-clavate " Rick. Solitary. Woods. Sept. —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1341. P. Gordonii B. & Br. (= Hypholoma Gordonii (B. & Br.) Big.
& Guillem.) Cke. Illus. no. 620, t. 580, fig. A.
Marchioness of Huntly.
P. 2-4 cm., pale cinereous, then white, membranaceous, campanu-
late, sulcato-striate, sprinkled with white floccose scales. St. 4-5 cm. x
3 mm., white, equal, brittle, transversely undulated, white pruinose
above, floccose below, becoming at length smooth and shining. Gills
cinereous, narrowly adnate, ascending, moderately broad, distant.
Flesh yellowish, somewhat thick at the disc. Spores "broad, ellip-
tical, 11-13 x 7-8 ii, smooth, subopaque" Rick. Smell faint, nauseous.
Densely caespitose. Stumps, and amongst chips. Oct. Rare.
1342. P. glareosa B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 610, t. 591, fig. B.
Glareosa, belonging to gravel. -'
P. 12—15 mm., grey, disc pale chestnut, campanulate, obtuse, or
umbonate, striate, withfiocci like little crumbs. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm.,
brown, clothed with white fibrils. Gills umber, adnate, broad behind.
Flesh brown, especially close to the gills. Spores black. On gravelly
soil after wet weather. June. Rare.
27
418 PSATHYEA
1343. P. helobia Kalchbr. (= Psathyra corrugis (Pers.) Fr. sec. Rick.)
Kalclibr. Icon. t. 17, fig. 4. eXo?, a marsh; /3to?, life.
P. 4-6 cm., fuliginous umber, becoming pallid day colour, or some-
what rufescent when dry, scarcely fleshy, hygrophanous, campanulate,
soon plane or depressed, slightly umbonate, radiately rugose, with
concentric, elevated ridges towards the spreading, striate margin. St.
10-20 cm. x 2-3 mm., paler umber than the p., rufescent, becoming
pallid when dry, equal, undulate, flexuose, covered with lax, whitish,
fugacious flocci, fragile. Gills fuliginous, adnate, rounded behind,
ventricose, somewhat crowded. Flesh watery reddish. Spores black,
"elliptical, ends rather acute, 12 x 6/1" Massee. Gregarious. Moist
places in pine woods. Sept. Rare.
1344. P. pennata Fr. (= Hypholoma pennatum (Fr.) Quel.) Cke.
lUus. no. 620, t. 580, fig. B. Pennata, feathered.
P. 2-3 cm., inclining to livid, then white, or becoming fuscous-brick
when young, submembranaceous, ovate, then campanulate, 12 mm.
high, for a long time densely clothed with white, fugacious, plumose
scales towards the margin, at length naked. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-4 mm.,
white, then silvery, fragile, equal, villose, apex white pulverulent. Gills
livid, then fuscous blackish, adnexed, ventricose, 4-5 mm. broad,
crowded, edge often white. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores
blackish purple, pip-shaped, 8-10 x 4-5 JLI, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "on
surface of gill lanceolate-pointed, 50-70 x 10-20/z, on edge of gill
vesiculose-clavate, 40-50 x 8-10/Li, sometimes with reddish con-
tents" Rick. Gregarious. Burnt soil, and sawdust. Woods and
gardens. June — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1345. P. gossypina (Bull.) Fr. (= Hypholoma gossypinum (Bull.)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 621, t. 612, fig. A. Gossypina, cottony.
P. 1-5-3 cm., ochraceous clay, disc darker, submembranaceous, cam-
panulate, then expanded, tomentose with white, fugacious flocci, soon
becoming smooth', margin striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 3— 4mm., whitish,
densely tomentose with white, erect flocci, equal, or slightly attenuated
at the base, fragile. Gills white, then fuscous-black, adnate, 3—4 mm.
broad, ventricose, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores
purple, elliptical, 8-9 x 4/x. Subcaespitose. On the ground, and on
twigs. Woods and heaths. May — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1346. P. noli-tangere Fr. (= Hypholoma noli-tangere (Fr.) Quel.) FT.
Icon. t. 138, fig. 3. Noli-tangere, touch not.
P. 1-2-5 cm., pallid umber, or dark fuscous, becoming pale when dry,
very hygrophanous, fragile, membranaceous, campanulate, then ex-
panded, obtuse, smooth, striate throughout, becoming even when dry,
covered with white, fugacious, thin flocci round the margin. St. 2-
4 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid fuscous, base darker, equal, very fragile, often
PSATHYRA. PSATHYRELLA 419
curved, smooth. Gills pallid, then dark fuscous, adnate, broad, plane.
Flesh grey, very thin at the margin. Spores lilac, "subcylindrical,
7-9 x 4-5 p, smooth, transparent brown. Cystidia on edge of gill
fusiform, 40-45 x 10-13ju, " Rick. Gregarious. Oak chips, and damp
shady ground. Sept. — Dec. Rare.
1347. P. microrhiza (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 622, t. 596, fig. A.
/zitf/oo?, small; pi^a, root.
P. -5-3 cm., ochraceous, or rufous brown, becoming pale, membrana-
ceous, campanulate, dry, shining with atoms, at first yellow pilose.
St. 4-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., whitish, fragile, rooting, silky. Gills pallid,
then black brown, adnexed, narrow, crowded. Spores/wscows, "broadly
elliptical, 10-12 x 6-7 p, smooth, transparent brown. Cystidia lan-
ceolate, 45-50 x 10-12 fi, blunt" Rick. Gregarious. Bare soil in
gardens. Sept. Rare.
P. urticaecola B. & Br. = Coprinus urticaecola (B. & Br.) Buller.
Spores black, or blackish.
Psathyrella Fr.
(Diminutive of Psathyra.)
Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, regular; margin straight, at
first adpressed to the stem. Stem central, confluent with the pileus.
Gills adnate, or free. Spores black, or fuscous black, elliptical, or
oval; smooth; with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia present. Growing
on the ground, or on wood ; solitary, or caespitose.
*St. tense and straight, smooth.
1348. P. subatrata (Batsch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 139, fig. 1.
Sub, somewhat; atrata, clothed in black.
P. 2-5-5 cm., umber-rufescent, fuliginous, or somewhat olivaceous,
pallid rufescent when dry, membranaceous, campanulate, 2-5 cm. high,
then expanded, obtuse, or somewhat umbonate, smooth, slightly
striate round the margin. St. 2-5-12-5 cm. x 2—4 mm., becoming pale
white, tense and straight, equal, smooth. Gills fuliginous blackish,
almost umber, adnexed in the top of the cone, adnate when the p. is
more expanded, linear, usually 2 mm. broad, sometimes ven-
tricose, 4 mm. broad. Flesh yellowish white, somewhat fuliginous
under the cuticle of the p., thin. Spores fuliginous black, elliptical,
14-17 x 7-9 /x. Cystidia "on edge of gill bluntly fusiform, 45-55 x
8-15/i" Rick. Taste bitter. Gregarious. Rich pastures, woods, and
hedgerows. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1349. P. gracilis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 635, t. 634. Gracilis, slender.
P. 1-4 cm., fuliginous, livid, or pale grey, tan, rosy, or whitish when
dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, smooth,
27—2
420 PSATHYRELLA
slightly and pellucidly striate only round the margin. St. 6-8 cm. x
2—3 mm., whitish, remarkably tense and straight, fragile, equal, smooth,
naked, base white villose. Gills whitish, then cinereous-blackish, wholly
adnate, commonly broader behind, rarely linear, subdistant, edge rose-
coloured. Flesh white, thin. Spores black, oblong elliptical, 11-14 x
5-6'5/M. Cystidia on edge of gill abundant, fusiform, or cylindrical,
apex obtuse, 5-9/u. in diam., base subventricose, 36-50 x 8-16/x.
Gregarious. Woods, hedgerows, waysides, and wood heaps. May —
Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1350. P. hiascens Fr. (= Coprinus hiascens (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus.
no. 636, t. 635. Hiascens, splitting.
P. 2-3 cm., livid, then becoming yellow, membranaceous, conico-
campanulate, 2-5 cm. high, obtuse, smooth, soon split and opening in
furrows often to the middle, the divided margin at length revolute.
St. 4-7*5 cm. x 2—3 mm., whitish, tense and straight, rigid-fragile,
naked, smooth. Gills whitish, then shining black, at length very dead
black, adnate, narrow, linear, or somewhat attenuated in front,
distant. Flesh white, very thin at the margin. Spores black, "wedge-
shaped-rounded, 10-12 x 7-11 /x" Karst. Grassy places, hedgerows,
damp woods, and rubbish heaps. April — Nov. Rare.
1351. P. arata Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 637, t. 636. dpoco, I plough.
P. 2 cm., bright brown, membranaceous, campanulato-conic, 2-5 cm.
high, rather acute, deeply sulcate. St. 12-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white,
thickened at the base, smooth. Gills purplish black, quite free, lanceo-
late. Flesh concolorous at the disc, thin at the margin. Under hedges.
Sept.— Oct. Rare.
1352. P. trepida Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 139, fig. 2. Trepida, trembling.
P. 2—3 cm.., fuliginous, disc date brown, membranaceous, very fragile,
campanulate, obtuse, smooth, slightly but densely striate up to the
even disc. St. 6— 7'5 cm. x 1—2 mm., whitish, diaphanous, equal, tense
and straight, rarely flexuose, quite smooth, naked. Gills greyish, then
fuliginous shining black, adnate, crowded, ventricose, very thin. Flesh
brownish in the p., very thin. Spores dead black, "elliptical, 12-14 x
6-7 ju,, smooth, opaque. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform, 40-50 x
9-10/u," Rick. Muddy marshes, and on twigs in woods. July — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
1353. P. hydrophora (Bull.) Fr. (= Coprinus hydrophorus (Bull.)
Quel.) Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 358.
vBcop, water; <f>epw, I bear.
P. 2-3 cm., rufescent, becoming greyish towards the margin, sub-
membranaceous, conico-campanulate, disc broad, obtuse, smooth, at
length expanded and revolute; margin striate, at first appendiculate with
the fugacious veil. St. 6-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, fragile, straight,
PSATHYRELLA 421
equal, smooth, beaded with dew-like drops in wet weather. Gills palegrey,
then livid black, adnate, ascending, narrow, linear, 2 mm. broad,
crowded. Spores bay purple, "elliptical, 9-10 x 5— 6/i, smooth, trans-
parent brown. Cystidia on edge of gill subulate, 50-60 x 8-10/i"
Rick. Caespitose. Gardens, and woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
**St. flexuose, pruinate at the apex.
1354. P. caudate Fr. (= Panaeolus caudatus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus.
no. 639, t. 637. Caudata, having a tail.
P. 2-5 cm., date brown, tan colour obsoletely turning to flesh colour
when dry, membranaceous, very tender, conical, then campanulate,
at length flattened, smooth, disc subgibbous, even, otherwise pellucidly
striate, dry, often splitting and subdeliquescent in wet weather. St
7— 11 cm. x 3-4 mm., whitish, attenuated upwards from the thick-
ened, rooting, fibrillose base, very fragile, curved, at length twisted, un-
dulate, apex white pruinose. Gills grey, then cinereous black, adnate,
8mm. broad. Spores fuscous black, "elliptical, 13-17 x 8-9 /x,
smooth, opaque. Cystidia on edge of gill, ventricose-fusiform, 30—
40 x 9-10/i"Rick. In troops, or caespitose. Gardens, charcoal heaps,
and stumps of a wooden pavement. May — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1355. P. prona Fr. (== Psathyrella prona Fr. var. Smithii Massee.)
Fr. Icon. t. 139, fig. 3. Prona, bending downwards.
P. 5-12 mm., fuliginous, hoary when dry, hygrophanous, membrana-
ceous, campanulate, then hemispherical, very obtuse, smooth, pel-
lucidly striate, obsoletely silky-atomate and opaque when dry. St.
4 cm. x 1 mm., white, hyaline, becoming pale, equal, flexuose, lax, very
smooth, apex pruinose. Gills greyish, then livid fuliginous, adnate,
plane, subtriangular, 4 mm. broad, distant, edge often rose-coloured.
Flesh yellowish, very thin. Spores very dead black, "elliptical,
12-16 x 7-8/Lt, smooth, opaque. Cystidia on edge ventricose-fusi-
form, 40-60 x 8-10/u," Rick. Rich pastures, and in ruts of roads in
woods. May — Oct. Rare.
1356. P. empyreumatica B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 641, t. 657, fig. A.
efwrvpos, burnt.
P. 4 cm., rufous, then becoming pale, hygrophanous, membrana-
ceous, expanded, atomate; margin crenate. St. 6 cm. x 3 mm., pallid,
silky furfuraceous. Gills rufous, then brown purple, adnate, with a
decurrent tooth, 4 mm. broad, thick, distant, connected by veins, edge
pallid. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores black. Smell strong. Wooden
pavement. Oct. Rare.
1357. P. atomate Fr. (= Panaeolus atomatus (Fr.) Quel.)
aro/A09, an atom.
P. 1-3 cm., livid, or reddish, becoming pale tan or pale flesh colour
422 PSATHYRELLA. OMPHALIA
when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse,
slightly striate, slightly wrinkled and without striae when dry,
sprinkled with shining atoms. St. 4-7 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, equal,
lax, fragile, slightly bent, apex white pulverulent. Gills whitish, then
cinereous-blackish, adnate, broad, ventricose, slightly distant. Flesh
pallid, thin. Spores black, elliptical, 11-15 x 6-8 ^t. Cystidia
"fusiform, 40-50 x 8-10/*" Rick. Solitary, or gregarious. Woods,
pastures, roadsides, and hedgerows. May — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. expolita Fr. Expolita, polished.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, conical p., and undulate,
smooth st. Woods, pastures and hedgerows. Sept. — Oct. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
1358. P. crenata (Lasch) Fr. (= Coprinus crenatus (Lasch) Eick.)
Cke. Illus. no. 643, t. 847. Crenata, notched.
P. 1-3 cm., ochraceous, or rufescent, then pale, hygrophanous, mem-
branaceous, hemispherical, sulcate, atomate, crenate at the margin.
St. 4-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, or brownish, fragile, equal, base
thickened and villose, striate and mealy above. Gills yellowish fuscous,
then blackish, adnate, sub ventricose. Flesh yellowish in the p., thin.
Spores brownish black, elliptical, 9-12 x Q/JL. Cystidia "bottle-
shaped, 50-150 x 22-33/i" Rick. Woods, pastures, roadsides, and
amongst beech leaves. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1359. P. disseminata (Pers.) Fr. (= Coprinus disseminatus (Pers.)
Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 140. Disseminata, spread abroad.
P. 1-2 cm., whitish, or yellowish, then becoming cinereous, commonly
livid, disc becoming yellow, membranaceous, oval, then campanulate
or convex, scurfy, then becoming smooth, deeply striate, sulcate. St.
2-5—6 cm. x 2 mm., white, fragile, often curved, lax, somewhat
flexuose, slightly scurfy, then smooth, arising from a byssoid, white
mycelium. Gills whitish, then blackish, adnate, linear, 2 mm. broad.
Flesh white, yellowish at the disc, very thin. Spores black, pip-shaped,
9-10 x 5-6 /i. Cystidia " cylindrical- vesiculose, 60-75 x 8-12 /A" Rick.
Densely crowded, or caespitose. Old stumps, and bare ground. April —
Nov. Common, (v.v.)
**Gills decurrent.
Spores white.
Omphalia (Pers.) Fr.
(o/i<£aXo9, the navel.)
Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, often umbilicate. Stem
central, cartilaginous. Gills decurrent. Spores white, rarely yellowish,
elliptical, reniform, pip-shaped, boat-shaped, subglobose, or oblong
OMPHAUA 423
elliptical; smooth, punctate, verrucose, or echinulate; continuous.
Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground, or on wood;
solitary, caespitose, subcaespitose, or fasciculate.
I. P. at the first spread out, margin incurved.
A. Generally comparatively large; gills narrow, very crowded.
1360. 0. hydrogramma (Bull.) FT. Fr. Icon. t. 71.
vBa)p, water; ^/pa^^rj, a line.
Livid, or whitish livid when moist, whitish when dry. P. 5-7 cm.,
submembranaceous, flaccid, deeply umbilicate, very hygrophanous ;
margin spreading, undulate, striate. St. 6-8 cm. x 6 mm., very carti-
laginous, smooth, generally compressed, undulated, base rooted and
white tomentose. Gills livid-whitish, deeply decurrent, very crowded,
narrow, arcuate, very unequal. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores
white, elliptical, 5 x 3/z. Subcaespitose. Amongst dead leaves,
especially beech. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1361. 0. detrasa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 73, fig. 1. Detrusa, thrust down.
P. 2-5 cm., dark cinereous, subzonate, somewhat fleshy, convex,
then umbilicate. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. x 4 mm., concolorous, firm, attenu-
ated upwards, smooth, whitish at the base. Gills whitish, decurrent by
a tooth, thin, crowded. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores
white, "7-8 x 4 /A" Sacc. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Eare.
1362. 0. umbilicata (SchaefE.) Fr. Schaeff. t. 207.
Umbilicata, having a navel.
P. 2-3 cm., livid when moist, the disc becoming somewhat fuscous,
whitish or yellowish when dry, hygrophanous, submembranaceous,
convexo-plane, deeply umbilicate at first, then infundibuliform,
smooth. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, here and there flexuose,
twisted, or incurved, apex silky-striate with white fibrils, base some-
what rooting, or cohering with villose down. Gills whitish, at first
shortly, then deeply decurrent, crowded, thin, unequal. Spores white,
"kidney-shaped, 6-8 x 2-5-4 /z" Sacc. Caespitose. In woods amongst
moss. Sept. Uncommon.
1363. 0. maura Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 73, fig. 2. Maura, Moorish.
P. 2-4 cm., fuliginous and striate when moist, livid and silky shining
when dry, hygrophanous, submembranaceous, convex, deeply umbili-
cate, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., fuliginous-blackish, very car-
tilaginous, somewhat horny, rigid, smooth. Gills shining white, very
acutely and deeply decurrent, arcuate, attenuated at both ends, very
crowded. Flesh fuliginous, thin at the margin. Spores white, sub-
globose, 5-6 x 5 //,, punctate. Smell none, or of new meal. Pastures,
heaths, and lawns. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
424 OMPHALIA
1364. 0. offuciata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 72, fig. 3. Offuciata, painted.
P. 2-3 cm., dark, then pale flesh colour, becoming pale and almost
whitish when old and dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex, then
piano-depressed, smooth. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., reddish, or con-
colorous, very cartilaginous, round, then compressed, equal, apex
obsoletely pruinose, smooth. Gills of the same colour as the pileus,
moderately decurrent, narrow, straight, crowded. Under beech. Oct. —
Nov. Uncommon.
1365. 0. scyphoides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 75, fig. 3, as Omphalia scyphi-
formis. <ncv(f>o<;, a cup; etSo9, like.
Shining white, becoming yellowish when dry. P. 8-50 mm., mem-
branaceous, umbilicate, then infundibuliform, undulate, silky. St.
2-5 cm. x 1-3 mm., flexuose, villose; base white, tomentose. Gills
decurrent, narrow, crowded, linear. Flesh white, thin at the margin.
Spores white, boat-shaped, 8-9 x 5/u,, and 6 x 2-3/n, 1-guttulate.
On bare soil and amongst leaves in woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
B. Medium size; gills rather distant, narrow, attenuated at both ends.
1366. 0. chrysophylla Fr. (= Flammula chrysophylla (Fr.) Quel.) Fr.
Icon. t. 74, fig. 1. •y^pva'6^, gold; <f>v\Xov, leaf.
P. 2-5 cm., yellow-fuscous when moist, tan-hoary or hoary whitish
when dry, submembranaceous, at the first deeply umbilicate, flocculose,
subsquamulose, the spreading border somewhat reflexed. St. 2-5-
5cm. x 4mm., golden egg-yellow, tough, equal, somewhat incurved;
base villose, rooting. Gills golden egg-yellow, truly decurrent, distant,
broad. Spores white, "pale yellow" Quel., "elliptical, 11-12 x 5/u,,
smooth. Cystidia none" Rick. On pine sawdust, and stumps. Aug.
— Oct. Uncommon.
1367. 0. Allenii Rene Maire. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 11.
W. B. Allen, the mycologist of Benthall, Broseley, Shropshire.
P. 1-2 cm., olive-greenish, whitish when dry, hygrophanous, convex,
then plane, somewhat umbilicate, thin. St. 2-4 cm. x 2-5 mm., lemon-
yellow, cylindrical, subcartilaginous ; base white, strigose. Gills lemon-
yellow, decurrent, very narrow, somewhat thick, subdistant, unequal,
more or less undulating, united by veins. Flesh yellow in the stem,
greenish yellow in the pileus. Spores white, elliptical, 6-5-7-5 x 3-5-
4/u.. Cystidia none. Taste mild. On a stump of a deciduous tree.
Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
1368. 0. Postii Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 74, fig. 2.
H. von Post, the Swedish mycologist.
P. 2-6 cm., bright orange, membranaceous, at first umbilicate, then
depressed, convex, smooth, striate towards the margin. St. 5-8 cm. x
OMPHALIA 425
2-4 mm., light yellow, becoming pale, equal, tense and straight,
smooth. Gills whitish, deeply decurrent, 2 mm. broad, linear, arcuate,
subdistant. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x
4-5/u,, 1-guttulate. Charcoal heaps, and boggy places. July — Oct.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. aurea Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1151, t. 1152, fig. B, as Omphalia
Postii Fr. Aurea, golden.
P. 2-5-5 cm., golden-yellow, very regular, infundibuliform, margin
drooping. St. 5cm. x 3-4 mm., concolorous; base white, tapering.
Gills white, slightly decurrent, crowded. Spores white, elliptical,
7 x 3-5/z. On Sphagnum in swamps. Rare.
1369. 0. pyxidata (Bull.) Fr. (= Omphalia hepatica (Batsch) Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 254, t. 194, lower figs. Pyxidata, box-shaped.
P. 2-3 cm., brick-rufescent, or rufous fuscous and radiato-striate when
moist, becoming pale, opaque, flocculose or slightly silky when dry,
membranaceous, pellucid, umbilicate, then infundibuliform. St.
2-5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, then rufescent, tough, sometimes pruinose.
Gills flesh colour, then pale yellowish, decurrent, subdistant, narrow.
Flesh pallid, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/n, 1-guttulate.
Amongst grass on lawns, and in woods. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1370. 0. leucophylla Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 73, fig. 4.
\evfc6s, white; <f>v\\ov, leaf.
P. 2-3 cm., dark cinereous, submembranaceous, infundibuliform;
margin reflexed, involute. St. 4 cm. x 2 mm., cinereous, slightly rigid.
Gills shining white, decurrent, arcuate, subdistant. Spores white,
elliptical, 6-7 x3-4/i. Woods, and pastures. April — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
1371. 0. telmatiaea Berk. & Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 256, t. 240.
T€\/j,aTiaio?, marshy.
P. 2-6 cm., brown, then mouse-coloured, rather membranaceous,
soon infundibuliform, silky, margin reflexed. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-6 mm.,
cinereous, compressed ; base white, tomentose. Gills pallid, decurrent,
distant. Flesh brownish, thick at the disc. Spores white, "elliptical
with an oblique apiculus, 7 x 4ju" Massee. On Sphagnum. Aug.
Rare.
1372. 0. striaepilea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 73, fig. 3.
Strix, a furrow; pileus, a cap.
P. 2-3 cm., livid fuscous, becoming pale-white when dry, submem-
branaceous, convex, then flattened, umbilicate, the whole elegantly
striate, smooth. St. 5 cm. x 2 mm., becoming fuscous, slightly tough,
often flexuose. Gills whitish, slightly decurrent, somewhat crowded,
2-3 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores white,
426 OMPHALIA
"globose, 7-8 /x, echinulate. Basidia with 2-sterigmata " Eick.
Amongst moss, and leaves in woods. Oct. — Nov. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
1373. 0. epichysium (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Icon. pict. t. 13, fig. 1.
€7Ti^v(7i<;, a vessel for pouring out.
P. 1-3 cm., cinereous-fuliginous and striate when moist, becoming
pallid, silky, or fiocculosely-squamulose when dry, membranaceous,
somewhat plane, umbilicate; margin somewhat reflexed. St. 2-5-
3 cm. x 2 mm., cinereous, tough, base white tomentose. Gills whitish
cinereous, shortly plano-decurrent. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x
4-5ju. On rotten stumps, and logs. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1374. 0. sphagnicola Berk. (= Omphalia philonotis (Lasch) Quel.)
Cke. Ulus. no. 257, t. 289, upper figs.
Sphagnum, Sphagnum; colo, I inhabit.
P. 2-5-4 cm., dirty pale-ochre, becoming darker, somewhat fleshy,
moist, tough, infundibuliform, obscurely striate, minutely squamulose.
St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, somewhat crooked, apex minutely
squamulose at first. Gills dirty ochraceous, decurrent, narrow, sub-
distant, thick, edge flattish. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-9 x 3-5 //,"
Karst. On Sphagnum in bogs, and woods. May — Sept. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
1375. 0. philonotis (Lasch) Fr. (= Omphalia sphagnicola Berk. sec.
Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 76, fig. 1. <f>i\o<;, loving; i/ort?, wet.
Cinereous-fuliginous, fragile. P. 1-3 cm., membranaceous, the whole
deeply infundibuliform, hygrophanous,^occose when dry; margin erect.
St. 4 cm. x 2 mm., sometimes attenuated upwards; base white,
floccose. Gills deeply decurrent, subdistant, narrow, lanceolate. Flesh
greyish, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical or pip-shaped,
7-8 x 4-5 fi. On Sphagnum in bogs and amongst short grass. May-
Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1376. 0. oniscus Fr. (= Omphalia caespitosa Bolt. sec. Quel.) Fr.
Icon. t. 76, fig. 3. oviffKos, a wood-louse.
P. 2-3 cm., dark cinereous, becoming pale, grey-hoary when dry,
submembranaceous, flaccid, fragile when old, convexo-umbilicate, or
infundibuliform, often irregular, undulato-flexuose or lobed, smooth;
margin striate. St. 2-5-3 cm. x 2 mm., grey, somewhat firm, tough,
sometimes compressed, curved. Gills cinereous, shortly decurrent, sub-
distant. Flesh grey, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x
4-5/Li, 1-guttulate. Woods, and boggy places. Oct. — Dec. Uncom-
mon, (v.v.)
1377. 0. Luffii Massee. John Luff.
P. 2-3 cm., pattid, then white, convex, then depressed; margin up-
turned at extreme edge. St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, thickened above,
OMPHALIA 427
polished, often wavy. Gills pallid, decurrent, crowded. Flesh white,
very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3/u,. Smell fragrant, of anise.
Amongst grass. Bare.
1378. 0. caespitosa (Bolt.) Cke. (= Omphalia oniscus Fr. sec. Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 258, t. 209, lower figs. Caespitosa, tufted.
P. 1-2-5 cm., yellowish-white, opaque white when dry, submembrana-
ceous, sulcate nearly to the disc, convex, subhemispherical, umbilicate ;
margin crenate. St. 1-2 cm. x 3 mm., concolorous, generally curved,
base subbulbose. Gills whitish, shortly decurrent, very broad, very
distant, triangular. Spores white, "subglobose, 6 x 5/i" W. G. Sm.
Moors, and on peat in sandy heaths. May — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1379. 0. glaucophylla (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1153, t. 959, fig. B.
yXavfcos, pale green; <J>v\\ov, a leaf.
P. 1 cm., mouse colour, becoming pale when dry, membranaceous,
infundibuliform, plicato-striate, hygrophanous, slightly smooth. St.
10-15 x 2-3 mm., concolorous, firm. Gills olivaceous, decurrent, lan-
ceolate, subdistant. Spores white, "nearly comma-shaped, 4-5 x
2ju," Rick. On the ground in woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1380. 0. rustica Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1153, t. 959, fig. C.
Rustica, belonging to the country.
P. 1 cm., fuscous, then grey and striate when moist, becoming either
fuscous, or silky and hoary when dry, membranaceous, umbilicate at
the disc, otherwise convex. St. 10-15 x 1 mm., fuscous, then grey,
polished, equal, often thickened upwards, base white, villose. Gills
grey, decurrent, thick, subdistant, edge arcuate. Flesh white, thin at
the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5/u, often curved, 2-
many-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
1381. 0. scyphifonnis Fr. crtcixfros, a cup;/orma, shape.
Entirely snow-white. P. 5-20 mm., membranaceous, convex, then
infundibuliform, pellucid ; margin striate, crenulate. St. 3-4 cm. x
2 mm., flexuose, apex thickened. Gills very decurrent, distant, thin.
Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4/>t, 1-guttulate. Flesh white, very thin
at the margin. On bare ground, and amongst moss in deciduous woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1382. 0. alutacea Cke. & Massee. (= Clitocybe alutacea Cke. &
Massee.)1 Alutacea, like tanned leather.
P. 10-15 mm., tan-coloured, membranaceous, convex, then um-
bilicate; margin incurved. St. 3-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., rather paler than
the pileus. Gills paler than the pileus, decurrent, narrow, crowded,
arcuate. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4/>t. Amongst grass, and moss
in woods. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1 By an oversight this species was described under Clitocybe (no. 823), but
its correct position is here.
428 OMPHALIA
C. Gills very distant, broad, generally thick.
1383. 0. atropuncta (Pers.) Quel. (= Eccilia atropuncta (Pers.) Fr.)
Boud. Icon. t. 70. Ater, black; puncta, spotted.
P. 1-1-5 cm., cinereous, or grey fuliginous, campanulate, then de-
pressed and cup-shaped, often slightly squamulose. St. 2-4 cm. x
2-3 mm., blackish grey, apex paler, covered with Hack punctiform
squamules, thickened upwards ; base pulverulent, white. Gills greyish
flesh colour, decurrent, thick, narrow, distant. Flesh of pileus pale
fuliginous, blackish towards the basal portion of the stem. Spores white
or yellowish, subglobose, or angularly-globose, 4-5-5-5 x 4-5)u., 1-
many-guttulate. Smell unpleasant. Woods, and heaths. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
1384. 0. demissa Fr. (= Ag. rufulus B. & Br.) Bres. Fung. Trid.
t. 35, fig. 1. Demissa, let down.
P. 8-15 mm., fuscous-rufescent, submembranaceous, convex, then
expanded, obtuse, at length umbilicate, striate when moist, subflocculose,
obsoletely pruinose when dry; margin crenate. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
liver-rufescent, becoming pale, shining, flexuose, base white tomentose.
Gills becoming purple, often forked, thick, subdecurrent, becoming very
broad behind, distant, interstices veiny. Flesh purple-vinous, becoming
pale. Spores white, "ovoid, 10-12 x 6-8 p,, granular" Bres. In woods
and waste places. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
1385. 0. hepatica (Batsch) Fr. (= Omphalia pyxidata (Bull.) Fr. sec.
Quel. ; Omphalia subhepatica (Batsch) Sacc.) Cke. Illus. no. 259,
t. 250, fig. B. Hepatica, like liver.
P. 1-4 cm., rufous-flesh-colour when moist, slightly tawny, or tan
and somewhat shining when dry, coriaceo-membranaceous, tough, um-
bilicato-convex, then infundibuliform, often undulato-lobed, smooth.
St. 2-5 cm. x 2 mm., fuscous-flesh-colour, very tough, becoming com-
pressed, broader and dilated at the apex, rarely white-pruinose. Gills
whitish, becoming pale, deeply decurrent, distant, prominently con-
nected by veins, narrow, linear, sometimes crisped. Spores white,
elliptical, 5-8 x 4-5 p,. On lawns, and amongst short grass in woods.
Sept. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1386. 0. muralis (Sow.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 259, t. 250, fig. C.
Muralis, belonging to a wall.
P. 8—20 mm., rufous brown, submembranaceous, tough, convex,
umbilicate, then infundibuliform, radiato-striate, smooth; margin
crenutate. St. 6-12 x 1-2 mm., concolorous, equal, smooth; base
white, floccose. Gills pallid, or flesh colour, decurrent, distant. Flesh
concolorous, thin. Spores white, elliptical, with, an oblique basal
apiculus, 9-10 x 4'5-5/t. On old walls, sandy banks, and bare soil
in woods. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
OMPHALIA 429
1387. 0. umbellifera (Linn.) Fr. (= Omphalia pseudoandrosacea Bull,
sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 69. Umbellifera, umbel-bearing.
P. 1-2 cm., grey, bistre, straw colour, whitish or ochraceous, becoming
whitish, slightly fieshy-membranaceous, convex, then plane, broadly
obconic, faintly umbilicate, rayed with darker striae; when dry silky,
flocculose, rarely squamulose; margin infiexed at first, crenate. St.
2-5-3 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, dilated towards the apex into thepileus,
sometimes pubescent, base white villose. Gills white, then cream, or
yellowish, decurrent, very broad behind, triangular, very distant, some-
times dichotomous, connected by veins. Flesh pallid, thick at the
disc. Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5/i, 2-3-guttulate. Boggy
ground in woods and on mountains, also on rotten wood. April —
Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. nivea Fl. Dan. Fl. Dan. t. 1015, fig. A. Nivea, snow white.
Differs from the type in being entirely snow white. In bogs. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
var. citrina Quel. Citrina, citron yellow.
Differs from the type in being glabrous, citron yellow, and pellucid.
var. viridis Fl. Dan. Fl. Dan. t. 1672, fig. 1. Viridis, green.
Differs from the type in being pubescent, and bluish, then greenish.
Boggy ground, in woods and on hills. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. chrysoleuca (Pers.) Fr. (= var. abiegna B. & Br.)
%puo-o5, gold; \eu/eo9, white.
Differs from the type in being bright yellow then whitish. Growing
on fir stumps.
var. pallida Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 260, t. 271, top figs. Pallida, pallid.
Differs from the type in being entirely pale grey. Bogs in woods.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. flava Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 260, t. 271, lowest figs. Flava, yellow.
Differs from the type in the golden yellow p. and st. On mountains.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. pyrifonnis (Pers.) Fr. Pyriformis, pear-shaped.
Differs from the type in being entirely dark umber. Rotten beech
trunks and shady places.
1388. 0. myochroa (Fr.) Rea. nfc, mouse; %/3o>9, colour.
P. 5-15 mm., reddish brown, or rufescent, becoming whitish with age,
somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, umbilicate, striate to the middle,
margin crenulate. St. 1-2 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, apex rufescent;
base white, strigose. Gills yellowish, narrow, furcate at the margin,
430 OMPHALIA
arcuato-decurrent, distant. Flesh of pileus rufescent, yellowish in the
stem. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6 p, 1-2-guttulate.
On rotten beech stumps. April — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1389. 0. velutina Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. m, t. 3.
Velwtina, velvety.
P. 10-12 mm., greyish, or yellowish grey, convex, umbilicate, striate.
St. 10-15 x 1-2 mm., concolorous, finely tomentose; base covered with
the white mycelium, often subbulbose. Gills yellowish grey, narrow,
1-2 mm., arcuate, distant. Flesh dark grey. Spores white, ovoid
pruniform, 10 x 6/x, 1-2-guttulate. Parks, heaths, and woods. Sept.
— Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1390. 0. infumata B. & Br. Infumata, smoked.
P. 4 mm., greenish, then smoky, obtuse. St. 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm.,
yellow, base dilated, tomentose especially below. Gills yellow, decurrent,
few, broad, distant. On bark amongst moss. Sept. Rare.
1391. 0. retosta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 76, fig. 2. Retosta, scorched.
Entirely umber. P. 1-3 cm., slightly fleshy, piano-depressed,
polished when dry, smooth; margin convex, involute. St. 2-3 cm. x
2-4 mm., paler, tough, equal. Gills pallid umber, slightly decurrent,
distant, attenuated at both ends and resembling a segment of a circle.
Flesh concolorous. Spores white, globose, "5-6/t/" Sacc. Amongst
dead leaves, and on lawns. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1392. 0. buccinalis (Sow.) Cke. Sow. Brit. Fung. t. 107.
Buccinalis, trumpet-like.
Entirely white. P. 5-10 mm., trumpet-shaped, plane, or depressed.
St. 5-15 x 1-2 mm., expanding into the pileus. Gills deeply de-
current, triquetrous, distant. Spores white. On twigs, etc. Common.
1393. 0. abhorrens B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 261, t. 272, fig. C.
Abhorrens, disgusting.
P. 1-1-5 emu, fuscous, then pale, umbilicate. St. 2 cm. x 1-2 mm.,
concolorous, apex thickened, sometimes pruinose when young, base
white-tomentose. Gills pale, decurrent, distant, thick, narrow. Spores
white. Smell very foetid, stercoraceous. Caespitose. On lawns under
yews. Oct. Rare.
1394. 0. pseudoandrosacea (Bull.) Fr. (= Omphalia umbellifera
(Linn.) Fr. sec. Quel.)
^et/8^5, false; androsacea, Androsaceus androsaceus.
Entirely whitish, or grey. P. 8-15 mm., fleshy- membranaceous,
convex, deeply umbilicate, at length infundibuliform, smooth, striato-
plicate ; margin crenulate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm. Gills deeply de-
OMPHALIA 431
current, segment-like, distant. Spores white, elliptical, "6-7 x 3-4 p,,
or 8-10 x 4-5 /x" Sacc. Amongst moss on lawns, and in short pas-
tures. July — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1395. 0. griseo-pallida (Desm.) Fr. (= Omphalia griseola (Pers.)
Quel.) Griseo, grey; pallida, pallid.
P. 5-10 mm., fuscous-grey, then becoming hoary, slightly fleshy, con-
vex, then plane, umbilicate, smooth, slightly shining; margin deflexed.
St. 8-12 x 2 mm., fuscous, firm, equal, or thickened upwards, smooth.
Gills concolorous when moist, darker when dry, decurrent, broader be-
hind, distant, rather thick. Flesh fuscous, thin at the margin. Spores
white, pip-shaped, or elliptical with an oblique basal apiculus,
9-11 x 6-7 fj,, 1-guttulate. On the ground, rubbish heaps, and mossy
wall tops. Sept. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1396. 0. albidopallens Karst.
Albido, whitish; pallens, becoming pallid.
P. 1 cm., hyaline white, or pallid, convex, orbicular, slightly um-
bilicate, pellucidly striate. St. 3-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid. Gills
pallid, adnate, decurrent, crowded. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x
3ju,. Amongst moss. Aug. — Sept. Rare.
0. bibula Quel. = Hygrophorus Wynniae B. & Br.
1397. 0. stellata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 262, t. 241, bottom figs.
Stellata, set with stars.
Entirely white and diaphanous. P. 6-10 mm., membranaceous,
convex, umbilicate, striate, smooth. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., filiform,
equal, fragile, the dilated base strigoso-radiate. Gills decurrent, distant,
broad, thin. Spores white, "subglobose, irregular, 4-6 /z, or 6-8 x
3-5 p" Sacc. On twigs, dead wood, and herbaceous stems. Feb. —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
II. P. at the first campanulate, margin straight, pressed to the stem.
A. Gills broad, perfect, unequal.
1398. 0. campanella (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 263, t. 273, top figs.
Campanella, a little bell.
P. 1-2 cm., yellow-ferruginous, hygrophanous, membranaceotfs,
tough, campanulate, then soon convex, umbilicate, striate. St. 2-5-
3 cm. x 2 mm., date brown, horny, rigid, polished, attenuated, rooted^
apex paler; base tawny, strigose. Gills yellow, deeply decurrent, some-
what crowded, prominently connected by veins. Spores white, elliptical,
"8-9 x 3-4 IJL" Maire. Caespitose. On stumps of firs. Aug. — Sept.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. badipus Fr. Badius, bay; TTOU?, foot.
Differs from the type in the thickened base of the st. being clothed
with ferruginous down.
432 OMPHALIA
var. papillata Fr. Papillata, having a nipple.
Differs from the type in the acutely conical p., and papillate um-
bilicus.
var. myriadea Kalchbr. fivpcdf, ten thousand.
Differs from the type in being half the size, densely caespitose, and
pale tawny in colour with gills pale brick-red with a fleshy tinge.
1399. 0. Kewensis Massee. Kewensis, belonging to Kew.
P. 3-5 mm. high, ochraceous, becoming whitish, somewhat fleshy,
cylindrically-campanulate, very smooth, deeply sulcate; margin crenate.
St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., pale, round, more or less flexuose. Gills pale,
subdecurrent, distant, membranaceous, edge entire. Spores white,
elliptical, 7 x 5/x. Basidia subclavate, 28-32 x 6-7 /x. Gregarious on
dead rhizomes in Filmy Fern House. Rare.
1400. 0. picta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 77, fig. 4. Picta, painted.
P. 4-8 mm.., fuscous, the umbilicate disc generally light yellow, deeply
campanulate, 5-9 mm. high, striate, membranaceous; margin paler.
St. 5-8 cm. x 1—2 mm., date brown, horny, rigid, smooth ; apex
thickened, paler; inserted at the base and arising from a little, fuscous
tawny, radiating membrane. Gills whitish, turning light yellow, adnate,
subdecurrent, very broad (much broader than long), distant. Spores
white, elliptical, "7-10 x 4/j, minutely echinulate" Sacc. On twigs,
and rotten wood in mixed woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1401. 0. camptophylla Berk. (= Omphalia speirea (Fr.) Quel.;
Mycena speirea Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 264, t. 210, upper
figs. Ara/i7TT09, bent; <$>v\\ov, a leaf.
P. 12 mm., brown, with a grey margin, convexo-plane, deeply striate,
smooth. St. 5-6 cm. x 1-2 mm., at first yellow, then pale above,
rufescent below, subflexuose, somewhat rigid, minutely pubescent, base
radiato-strigose. Gills white, at first adnate, nearly plane, then
ascending and suddenly decurrent, subdistant. Spores white, ellip-
tical, 8-10 x 6-8 /a. On twigs, and sticks. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
1402. 0. umbratilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 77, fig. 3, as Omphalia umbratilis
Fr. var. minor. Umbratilis, remaining in the shade.
P. 1-3 cm., black-fuscous, or umber-fuscous, hoary when dry, sub-
membranaceous, obtusely campanulate, then convex and umbilicate,
smooth; margin substriate. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2mm., fuscous-black,
becoming greyish, tough, smooth. Gills becoming fuscous-white, adnato-
decurrent, crowded, arcuate, broad, acute at both ends. Flesh con-
colorous. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/u,, 1-guttulate. In pas-
tures, and roadsides. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
OMPHALIA 433
1403. 0. grisea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 78, fig. 1. Grisea, grey.
P. 1-2 cm., livid grey, then hoary, submembranaceous, campanu-
late, then convex, subpapillate and at length slightly umbilicate,
smooth, striate. St. 5-7 cm. x 2 mm., whitish-cinereous, slightly firm,
smooth, shining, longitudinally brittle, apex slightly thickened, base
white-floccose. Gills whitish-grey, shortly decurrent, distant, broad,
rather thick. Spores white, elliptical, 6-9 x 4/t, 1-guttulate. Woods,
and hedgerows. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1404. 0. fibula (Bull.) Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 4, fig. 3.
Fibula, a pin.
P. 4-20 mm., generally orange-yellow, becoming pale when dry,
membranaceous, campanulate, then umbilicate, and finally infun-
dibuliform, smooth, striate when moist. St. 3-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., con-
colorous, bristle-like, weak, often pubescent under a lens. Gills whitish,
or yellowish, deeply decurrent, broad, distant. Spores white, ellip-
tical, 3-4 x 2jLt. Cystidia "on edge of gill sparse, subulate" Rick.
Woods, pastures, heaths, and charcoal heaps. Jan. — Dec. Common.
(v.v.)
var. nivalis Fl. Dan. (= var. Candida Sacc.) Fl. Dan. t. 1072, fig. 2.
Nivalis, snowy.
Differs from the type in the whitish, or yellowish p. and white, or
tinged with orange yellow st. Amongst moss, and on charcoal heaps.
July— Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. Swartzii Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 75, fig. 4, as Omphalia setipes var. Fr.
0. Swartz.
Differs from the type in the firmer, at length plane p. with umbilicate,
fuscous disc, and in the whitish st. externally and internally violaceous
at the apex. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-5-3 /x. Cystidia fusiform,
apex subcapitate, 8-9/z in diam., base ventricose, 50-55 x 12-14/a.
Amongst moss, short grass, and on charcoal heaps. Aug. — Dec. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
1405. 0. directa B. & Br. Directa, straight.
White, very slender. P. 1-3 mm., nail-shaped, apex plane. St.
2-5 cm. x 1 mm., slightly rufous, filiform, ascending, clothed with long*
hairs towards the base. Gills deeply decurrent. Spores white. On dead
leaves. May — Nov. Rare.
1406. 0. pseudo-directa W. G. Sm. Cke. lUus. no. 266, t. 251, upper
figs., as Omphalia directa B. & Br.
^61/8779, false ; directa, Omphalia directa.
P. 2 mm., white-pruinose. St. 12 mm. x 2//,, white, mealy-granular
below, springing from a white, fioccose, evanescent disc or volva. Gills
white, then saffron, few, adnate, pruinoso-sparkling. On Encephalartos
cone. May. Rare.
434 OMPHALIA
1407. 0. Belliae Johnst. Cke. Illus. no. 266, t. 251, lower figs.
The Misses Bell, of Coldstream.
P. 12 mm., of a pale wood-brown hue, membranaceous, inverted,
deeply cyathiform; margin waved, furrowed. St. 4 cm. x 2 mm., white,
or very pale wood-brown above, dark brown towards the base, becoming
paler when dry, then apparently mealy, erect, stiff, elastic; root
slightly incrassated, bent, fixed by a dense cottony web. Gills dull
chalky white, decurrent, 2 mm. wide, rather distant, thick, more or
less undulated, wrinkled on the sides and in the interstices with
flexuose veins, once or twice divided near the edge. Spores white,
oblong. On dead stems of reed. Oct. Rare.
1408. 0. gracilis Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 2.
Gfracilis, thin.
Entirely snow-white. P. 3-8 mm., membranaceous, campanulate,
papillate, striate, transparent. St. 20-30 x 1 mm., filiform, trans-
parent, pruinose, base fibrillose. Gills 1 mm. wide, very decurrent,
distant, thin. Spores white, oblong, or pip-shaped, 8 x 3-3-5/x,, 1-2-
guttulate. On dead grass leaves, and twigs. Sept. — Nov. Uncom-
mon, (v.v.)
1409. 0. gracillima (Weinm.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 267, t. 252, top figs.
Gracillima, very thin.
Entirely snow-white. P. 4-6 mm., membranaceous, hemispherical,
either minutely papillate, or umbilicate, fiocculose, striate; margin
sulcate. St. 6-12 x 1 mm., bristle-like, inserted by afioccose base. Gills
subdecurrent, broad, distant, thin, the alternate ones dimidiate. Spores
white, oblong-elliptical, 11-12 x 4-5 /z. On twigs, dead herbaceous
stems, and dead bramble stalks. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1410. 0. bullula (Brig.) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 267, t. 252, middle figs.
Bullula, a watery vesicle.
Entirely shining white. P. 3-4 mm., membranaceous, hemispherical,
diaphanous. St. 2 cm. x 1 mm., filiform. Gills arcuato-decurrent, very
distant. Spores white. On twigs, and dead sticks. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
B. Gills fold-like, narrow.
1411. 0. integrella (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 75, fig. 6.
Integrella, entire.
Entirely white. P. 3-6 mm., membranaceous, conical, then hemi-
spherical, most frequently irregularly shaped, when flattened 12 mm.
broad, umbilicate, pruinose, diaphanous; margin sulcate. St. 1-5-
2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., pruinose, pellucid, slightly firm, with a small villose
bulb at the base. Gills decurrent, narrow, fold-like, distant, often
branched, commonly disappearing short of the margin of the pileus,
OMPHALIA. ECCILIA 435
edge acute. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6—7 x 4— 5/z, with a large
central gutta. On twigs, and amongst leaves in woods, and hedgerows.
May — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1412. 0. polyadelpha (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 1088, t. 1137, fig. B,
as Marasmius polyadelphus Lasch.
7roXua8eX<£o<?, with many brothers.
Entirely snow-white. P. 2-3 mm., very tender, hemispherical, um-
bilicate, sulcate, pruinose, tomentose under a lens. St. 10-15 x 1 mm.,
filiform, curved, flaccid, pruinose, thickened and floccose at the base.
Gills decurrent, very narrow, wrinkle-like, distant. Spores white,
"fusiform-lanceolate, 7—9 x 3-4^i" Rick. Fasciculate, and in troops.
On dead oak, and beech leaves. Oct. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1413. 0. Nevillae Berk. Lady Dorothy Neville.
P. 1-1-5 cm., brown, hemispherical, disc depressed, rugose, minutely
granulated, striate, margin becoming pale. St. 2—3 cm. x 1 mm.,
brownish, rough with black granules, base rather dilated and clothed
with villose hairs. Gills white, arcuato-decurrent, interstices and sides
venoso-rugose. Flesh of stem white. Spores white. On Sphagnum, in
an orchid pot.
Spores pink.
EccUia Fr.
(ey«oiXo5, hollowed out.)
Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, umbilicate; margin incurved.
Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills decurrent. Spores pink, angular,
continuous. Cystidia rarely present. Growing on the ground, rarely
on wood.
1414. E. parkensis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 100, fig. 5.
Parkensis, belonging to a park.
P. 2-3 cm., fuscous when moist, blackish when dry, membranaceous,
plano-convex, deeply umbilicate, slightly striate to the middle. St.
2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., fuscous, attenuated downwards. Gills whitish,
then becoming dingy, flesh colour, decurrent, crowded, linear, 1-2 mm.
wide. Spores pink, subspheroid-angled, irregular, 6-9/z, 1-guttulate,
Grassy places, pastures, and roadsides. July — Aug. Uncommon.
1415. E. carneogrisea B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 368, t. 380, lower figs.
Carneus, fleshy; grisea, grey.
P. 2-3 cm., grey-flesh-colour, umbilicate, striate, delicately dotted ;
margin slightly glittering with dark particles. St. 4 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
concolorous, shining, base white-tomentose. Gills rosy, adnato-de-
current, somewhat undulated, the irregular margin darker, distant.
Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 8-9 x 6ju,, 1-2-guttulate. Amongst fir
leaves, and grass. July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
28—2
436 ECCILIA
1416. E. griseorubella (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 100, fig. 4.
Griseus, grey; rubella, reddish.
P. 2-3 cm., umber, or fuscous when moist, grey when dry, hygro-
phanous, membranaceous, deeply umbilicate, at first convex at the
circumference, then plane, striate. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., con-
colorous, or a little paler, equal. Gills grey, then flesh colour, slightly
decurrent, subdistant. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, or subglobose,
7-9 x 7jLt, 1-guttulate. Woods, and amongst pine leaves. Sept. — Oct.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
E. Smithii (Massee) W. G. Sm. - Clitopilus Smithii Massee.
1417. E. atrides (Lasch) Fr. Ater, black.
P. 15-25 mm., black, fuscous, becoming pale, black-streaked, sub-
membranaceous, plane, deeply umbilicate, striate. St. 3 cm. x 3mm.,
pallid, black dotted upwards, base white-cottony. Gills pallid, deeply
and truly decurrent, attenuated behind, somewhat crowded, the black
edge slightly toothed. Spores pink, " tuberculate-angular, elongated,
11-13 x 6-7 /u, (incl. apiculus), bright flesh colour in mass" Kauffm.
Woods, and sandy heath. Sept.-Oct. Rare.
E. atropuncta (Pers.) Fr. = Oniphalia atropuncta (Pers.) Quel.
1418. E. nigrella (Pers.) Gillet. Nigrella, blackish.
P. 10-15 mm., reddish black, blackish with a tinge of lilac, becoming
blackish, submembranaceous, convex, then plane, deeply umbilicate,
slightly striate, covered with an adnate, fibrillose silk, or whitish
striate with blackish; margin incurved, violet, finally scaly. St. 2-
3 cm. x 2 mm., pale, grey horn colour, or pale lilac grey, punctate with
black above, base white-cottony. Gills lilac or flesh colour, decurrent,
fairly thick, edge toothed black, or blackish. Spores pink. Pastures.
Sept.— Oct. Rare.
1419. E. rhodocylix (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 100, fig. 6, as Eccilia
rhodocalix Lasch. poSov, rose; KV\I^, cup.
P. 12-15 mm., somewhat fuscous when moist, grey when dry, hygro-
phanous, membranaceous, deeply umbilicate, or rather infundibuli-
form with the margin reflexed, remotely striate when moist, flocculose
when dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., cinereous, tough, thickened up-
wards. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, deeply decurrent, very distant,
broad, few, the alternate ones shorter. Spores pink, "subspheric,
pentagonal, 8-10/i. Cystidia coarsely hair-shaped" Lange. On rotten
wood, alder stumps, and wall tops. Sept. Rare.
1420. E. flosculus W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 369, t. 613, fig. B.
Flosculus, a little flower.
P. 1-5-2 cm., black-brown, becoming white with age, submembrana-
ceous, deeply umbilicate, somewhat irregular, pruinoso-crystalline.
ECCILIA. TUBARIA 437
St. 2 cm. x 1 mm., reddish,, cartilaginous, attenuated downwards,
pruinose, or innato-fibrillose. Gills pink, decurrent, somewhat waved,
thick. Trama dark brown. Spores pink, nodulose. On the ground,
at the foot of and upon the stems of tree ferns in conservatories.
June. Rare.
1421. E. acus W. G. Sm. Cke. IUus. no. 369, t. 613, fig. C.
Acus, a needle.
P. 5-15 mm., snow-white, submembranaceous, deeply umbilicate,
densely pruinose; margin incurved, striate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1mm.,
white, cartilaginous. Gills pink, deeply decurrent, thick, distant.
Spores pink, nodulose. Amongst germinating coffee-seeds in coconut
fibre in conservatories. Aug. Rare.
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous.
Tubaria W. G. Sm.
(Tuba, a trumpet.)
Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous; margin incurved. Stem
central, cartilaginous. Gills decurrent, or broadly adnate. Spores
ochraceous, ferruginous, or rarely fuscous; elliptical, pip-shaped, or
almond-shaped; smooth, continuous. Cystidia present. Growing on
the ground, or on wood.
1422. T. cupularis (Bull.) Fr. (= Lactarius cupularis (Bull.) Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 526, t. 602, as var. Cupularis, cup-shaped.
P. 1—2 cm., rufescent, tawny, or reddish yellow, becoming light yellow-
ish, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, disc sometimes de-
pressed, smooth. St. 3—6 cm. x 3-4 mm., tawny, or reddish tawny,
rarely whitish, attenuated upwards, naked. Gills tawny, or a little
deeper coloured than the p., decurrent, crowded, thin, edge often serru-
late. Spores "rusty, elliptical, 6 x 3//,"Massee. Mountainous heaths,
amongst grass, and under firs. Aug. — Oct. Rare.
1423. T. furfuracea (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (= Naucoria pellucida (Bull.)
Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 129. Furfuracea, scurfy.
P. 1-4 cm., pale cinnamon, or tawny, becoming pale, hoary tan when
dry, fleshy, convex and obtuse, then flattened and sometimes um-
bilicate, slightly and somewhat pellucidly striate when moist, even
and slightly silky when dry, covered round the margin with the hoary,
silky squamulose, fugacious veil, very hygrophanous. St. 2-5 cm. x
2—4 mm., concolorous, but deeper in colour as the pileus becomes pale,
equal, floccosely furfuraceous when young, base villose with the
effused white mycelium. Gills concolorous, or bright cinnamon, sub-
decurrent, broad near the st., more or less distant. Flesh concolorous,
438 TUBARIA
becoming paler when dry, thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 6-9 x
5-6/A, 1-multi-guttulate. Cystidia on edge of gill flask-shaped, or
cylindrical, apex obtuse, 4^8/j, in diam.. base ventricose, 40-60 x 15-
20/Lt. Taste mild. Edible. Gregarious. Woods, fields, heaths, hedge-
rows, and roadsides. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. heterosticha Fr. ere/oo?, different; crrt^o?, rank.
Differs from the type in the umbonate and depressed pileus, and the
somewhat naked st. Woods, and heaths. July — Nov. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
var. trigonophylla (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 528, t. 483.
T/o/7<»i>o<?, triangular; <jjv\\ov, a leaf.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, in becoming pale, and in
the very broad, triangular, more distant, somewhat tawny ochraceous gills.
Waysides, charcoal heaps, and old brick pits. July — Nov. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
1424. T. anthracophila Karst. avdpa%, charcoal; $1X09, loving.
P. 1—4 cm., yellowish or ferruginous cinnamon, becoming paler when
dry, fleshy, convex, then expanded, often irregular, and repand,
flexuose, dry; margin pellucidly striate when moist, covered with
concentric, white, fugacious squamules. St. 2-4 cm. x 3-5 jam., ferru-
ginous, becoming paler, equal, or enlarged upwards, flexuose, curved,
sometimes twisted, at length often compressed, white fibrillose, apex
somewhat naked and striate, base white villose. Gills pallid, then
concolorous, adnate, broadest behind or at the middle, somewhat
crowded, edge unequal, often dentate and floccosely crenate. Flesh
concolorous, becoming paler when dry, thin. Spores pale ferruginous,
broadly elliptical, or pip-shaped, 6-8 x 4-5 /i, with a large central
gutta. Charcoal heaps, footpaths, and burnt places. Aug. — Oct. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
1425. T. paludosa Fr. (= Gakra paludosa (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 1. 129,
fig. 3. Paludosa, marshy.
P. 5-15 mm., pale yellowish fuscous, or honey colour, submembrana-
ceous, conical, then convex, umbonate with a very prominent papilla,
everywhere silky with superficial, fugacious, pallid flocci. St. 4-8 cm. x
1-2 mm., ochraceous, attenuated at the apex, flexuose, paler, white
villose below, flocculose above with the remains of the veil, which often
forms a ring-like zone. Gills watery ochraceous, decurrent, very broad
behind, triangular and with a decurrent tooth, thin, crowded. Flesh
concolorous, very thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, ellip-
tical, or almond-shaped, 9-10 x 4-5 fi. Cystidia "on edge of gill
filiform-subulate" Rick. Sphagnum swamps, and boggy ground.
May — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
TTJBARIA 439
1426. T. stagnina Fr. (= Golem stagnina (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 1. 129,
fig. 2. Stagnina, belonging to swamps.
P. 6—20 mm., bay -brown-ferruginous, or brown, somewhat ochraceous
when dry, submembranaceous, conical, then hemispherical, obtuse,
sometimes rather depressed at the centre, somewhat viscid, slightly
striate when moist; margin elegantly clothed and appendiculate with
fioccose, superficial, fugacious, concentric, white scales. St. 9-17-5 cm.
x 2-3 mm., rubiginous, then date brown, slightly tough, equal, apex
somewhat pruinose; base attenuated, white villose. ("Veil forming
a membranaceous, fugacious, white ring" Quel.) Gills ferruginous,
decurrent, very broad, triangular. Flesh concolorous, very thin at the
margin. Spores dingy ferruginous, almond-shaped, 10-15x5-6 fi.
Bogs, and amongst Sphagnum in woods. July— Sept. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
1427. T. pellucida (Bull.) Fr. (= Naucoria pellucida (Bull.) Quel. ;
Tubaria furfuracea (Pers.) W. G. Sm. sec. Quel.; Naucoria
conspersa (Pers.) Fr. sec. Rick.) Pellucida, transparent.
P. 1—2 cm., cinnamon, submembranaceous, conico-campanulate,
umbonate, hygrophanous ; margin striate, silky and squamulose. St.
3—4 cm. x 2 mm., pale, attenuated upwards, shining apex pruinose.
Gills paler, subdecurrent, broadest behind, triangular. Spores pale
ochraceous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 p. Cystidia on edge of gill cylindrical,
flexuose, often capitate, apex 6-9/z in diam., base ventricose, 30-50
X 6-8/x. Roadsides, amongst leaves, especially beech. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
1428. T. muscorum (HofEm.) Fr. (= Galera muscorum (Hofim.) Quel.;
Tubaria pellucida (Bull.) Fr. sec. Rick.) Muscus, moss.
P. 2-3 cm., tawny brown, then honey yellow, or wax colour, mem-
branaceous, campanulate, then convex, hygrophanous, striate. St.
5cm. x r5mm., cream colour, then ochraceous, base tawny brown, soft,
fibrillosely silky. Gills yellow, then rust colour, uncinato-adnate, broad,
ventricose, thick, distant. Spores " ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 /x" Quel.;
"6-8 x 4ju," Sacc. Amongst mosses in damp places, and on trunks
of trees. July — Sept. Rare.
1429. T. embola Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 531, t. 514, fig. A.
6yL6/3oXo<?, a wedge.
Entirely pale yellowish tawny when mature. P. 12 mm., ochraceous
tan when dry, membranaceous, hygrophanous, campanulate, then
hemispherical, obtuse, smooth, lineato-striate. St. 5 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
shining yellow when dry, base becoming ferruginous, thickened upwards,
smooth, naked. Gills tawny cinnamon when dry, adnate, very broad
behind, triangular, thick, very distant. Spores cinnamon, elliptical,
440 TUBARIA
"10 x 4-6 /A" Massee. On heathy ground, and marshy thickets.
June — Nov. Uncommon.
1430. T. autochthona (B. & Br.) W. G. Sm. (= Naucoria autochthona
(B. & Br.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 531, t. 514, fig. B.
awro?, self; ^6a)v, earth.
P. 6-12 mm., ochrey white, hemispherical, obtuse, then plane, silky;
margin striate, fiocculose. St. 1-5-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., white, equal, or
thickened upwards, flexuose, pruinose, villose above ; base thickened,
white woolly. Gills honey colour, then tawny, adnate with a tooth,
horizontal, edge often white. Flesh white, very thin. Spores ochraceous,
elliptical, or pip-shaped, 6-7 x 3-4/z, l-guttulate; minutely punctate.
Naked soil, and open downs. June — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1431. T. crobulus Fr. (= Naucoria crobulus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus.
no. 532, t. 496.
/cpct)(3v\os, a braid of hair gathered to a knot on the crown of
the head.
P. 1-2 cm., yellowish tawny, becoming hoary tan, fleshy, convex, then
flattened, obtuse, slightly viscid, covered with fioccose, somewhat
squarrose, separating, fugacious, white scales, then naked, shining. St.
2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., fuscous, tough, equal, incurved, flexuose, densely
besprinkled with white fioccose scales, apex paler. Gills ochraceous, then
fuscous ferruginous, adnate, subdecurrent, 2 mm. broad, crowded, edge
unequal under a lens. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores brown,
elliptical, 6-8 x 4/z. Cystidia filiform, flexuose, often capitate,
apex 4-5 /u, in diam., 35-40 x 2-3/4. Chips, twigs, and on wood heaps.
Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1432. T. inquilina (Fr.) W. G. Sm. (= Naucoria inquilina (Fr.) Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 533, t. 497. Inquilina, a lodger.
P. 1-2 cm., livid fuscous, somewhat brick colour, becoming hoary, or
tan colour when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, convex, then
plane, at length often umbonate, slightly viscid, smooth, striate wJien
moist, pellicle separable. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., date brown, tough,
attenuated downwards, flexuose, white fibrillose, or slightly silky, apex
at first flocculose, thickened, base white floccose. Gills clay fuscous,
then umber, broadly adnate, subdecurrent, broad behind, triangular,
2-3 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores
ferruginous, pip-shaped, 5-6 x 3/n. Cystidia "on edge of gill fusi-
form-filiform, 30-40 x 5-7 /u," Rick. On twigs, and sticks. Jan. —
Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. ecbola Fr. e'/c/3oA,os, thrown out.
Differs from the type in the clay coloured p., the rooting, equal st.,
and the crowded, ferruginous gills. On grass roots. Sept. — Oct. Un-
PLEUROTUS 441
D . Pileus confluent with the excentric, or lateral stem,
dimidiate, sessile, or resupinate.
Spores white, gill edge entire.
Pleurotus FT.
(TrXevpov, side; ovs, ear.)
Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, excentric, dimidiate, or re-
supinate. Stem excentric, lateral, or wanting; with or without a
ring. Gills sinuate, adnate, decurrent, or radiating from a central
point. Spores white, rarely pink, yellowish, lilac, or dingy; elliptical,
globose, subglobose, pip-shaped, oblong elliptical, cylindrical, or
reniform, smooth, granular, verrucose, or echinulate; continuous.
Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, more rarely on the
ground, or on dung.
I. P. entire, laterally extended, excentric, not
truly lateral. Lignicolous.
A. Veil forming a ring.
1433. P. corticatus Fr. (= Pkurotus dryinus (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.)
Boud. Icon. t. 76. Corticatus, possessed of a bark.
P. 5—20 cm., whitish grey, sometimes becoming yellowish, covered with
dense grey down which separates into fioccose scales, very compact,
convex, then flattened, somewhat disc-shaped, horizontal, always
entire although excentric, rarely infundibulif orm ; margin involute,
often denticulate with the remains of the ring. St. 2-5—9 x 2-5—3 cm.,
whitish, hard, rooted, more or less excentric, curved-ascending, squamu-
loso-fibrillose. Ring white, silky- floccose, moderately thick, ruptured
in a torn manner, adhering to the st. and the margin of the p., at
length vanishing. Gills white, becoming yellow when old, deeply de-
current, dichotomosely branched, anastomosing at the base, subdistant.
Flesh white, hard. Spores white, oblong, cylindrical, often slightly
curved and apiculate at the base, 13-15 x 4-5/x, or 9-10 x 3-4/x,
often with a large central gutta. Smell and taste pleasant, rather
strong. Edible. Caespitose. On trunks of ash, elm, lime, and apple*
Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. Albertinii (Fr.) Quel. (= Pleurotus corticatus Fr. var. tephro-
trichus Fr. sec. Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 80, as Pleurotus
corticatus Fr. var. tephrotrichus Fr.
J. Albertini, an early mycologist.
Differs from the type only in its smaller size, p. 7-10 cm., in the
densely villose p., soon covered with subfuscous squamules, the hairy
stem, and villose edge of the gills. Solitary. At the base of fir trunks,
and on oak piles. July — Sept. Uncommon.
442 PLEUROTUS
1434. P. dryinus (Pers.) Fr. (= Pkurotus dimidiatus (Schaefi.) Sacc.;
Pleurotus corticatus Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 269, t. 226.
Spv'ivos, oaken.
P. 5-10 cm., whitish, variegated with spot-like scales, which become
fuscous, lateral, oblique, rather plane. St. 2-5-4 x 1-3 cm., white,
sublateral, somewhat woody, squamulose, with a short, blunt root.
Ring scarcely apparent on the St., but appendiculate round the margin
of the p. when young. Gills white, becoming yellow when old, not very
decurrent, simple, narrow. Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores white,
oblong, cylindrical, 12-13 x 3-4/>i, 1-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant,
like mushrooms. Edible. On oaks, ash, willow, and walnut. Sept. —
Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1435. P. spongiosus Fr. Spongiosus, spongy.
P. 5-18 cm., at first whitish, tomentose with persisted, cinereous down,
then becoming brownish and fibrillose with age, excentric, somewhat
lateral, pulvinate; margin paler. St. 1-3 x 1—4 cm., white, becoming
greyish, very excentric, incurved, tomentose, base abrupt. Ring white,
soon torn, appendiculate at the margin of the p., fugacious. Gills
whitish, becoming beautifully yellow when old and dried, 3 mm. broad
on one side of the st., 20 mm. wide on the other, sinuato-adnexed,
crowded. Flesh spongy, greyish marbled in the p., tinged yellowish in
the st. Spores white, oblong, cylindrical, rounded, or sometimes
pointed at one end, 12-14 x 4/z, 1-2-guttulate. On rotten beech,
and mossy trunks. Oct. — Nov. Rare, (v.v.)
B. Veil none; gills sinuate, or obtusely adnate.
1436. P. ulmarius (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 271, t. 227.
Ulmarius, belonging to elm.
P. 6-20 cm., ochraceous becoming pale-livid, often marbled with
round spots, convex, then plane, disc-shaped, compact, horizontal,
often cracked in a tesselated manner, smooth. St. 5-11 x 1-5-4 cm.,
white, becoming tinged with yellow, firm, elastic, subexcentric, curved,
ascending, base somewhat fusiform, or thickened and tomentose, often
villose throughout. Gills pale ochraceous, or whitish emarginate, broad,
somewhat crowded. Flesh white, tough. Spores white, globose, 5-6/x.
Smell pleasant, or somewhat acid, taste pleasant. Edible. On trunks,
especially elm. June — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1437. P. tessulatus (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 513, fig. 1.
Tesselatus, checkered.
P. 5—10 cm., grey, becoming pale tawny, convex, then plane, and
in a form somewhat lateral, depressed behind, irregular, horizontal,
variegated with round and hexagonal spots. St. 2-3 x 1-5 cm., white,
compact, equal, or attenuated at the base, very excentric, curved-
ascending, smooth. Gills white, or becoming yellow, sinuate behind,
PLETJROTUS 443
thin, crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores white, " obovate-globose,
5-5 x 4-5 /A" Sacc. Smell of new meal, taste pleasant. Edible. On
trunks. Oct. — Nov. Hare.
P. decorus Fr. = Tricholoma decorum (Fr.) Quel.
1438. P. palmatus (Bull.) Fr. (= Pkurotus subpalmatus Fr. ; Pluteus
reticulatus Cke.; Entoloma Cookei Rich.) Cke. Illus. no. 273,
t. 255, as Pleurotus subpalmatus Fr.
Palmatus, having the shape of a hand.
Entirely more or less rufescent. P. 5-12 cm., of a beautiful orange-
buff or nankeen colour, convex, then flattened, obtuse, imbricated and
glued together, horizontal, more or less excentric, pruinose; margin
involute, reticulato-corrugated. Cuticle gelatinous, thick, tough, diapha-
nous, distilling limpid rufescent drops with an astringent taste. St.
3-7 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, becoming rufescent, fibrilloso-striate, prui-
nose, equal, curved-ascending. Gills paler than the pileus, joined in
a collar behind, sinuate, connected by veins, broad, crowded. Flesh
white, then tinged with red. Spores pink, or pale yellowish, globose,
4-6 /z, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, taste bitter and acrid.
Caespitose. On elm trunks, old posts and beams. Sept. — Jan. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
1439. P. craspedius Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 86, fig. 2.
Kpd<nre8ov, the margin of a thing.
P. 7-13 cm., brick colour, becoming pale tan, sometimes cinereous,
more or less excentric, sometimes sublateral, but marginate behind,
thin, at length almost membranaceous towards the margin, flaccid,
plane, depressed behind when very excentric, smooth, somewhat
moist; margin at first involute, then evolute, elegantly crenato-lobed,
fimbriate. St. 2-5-7-5 x 1-2-5 cm., pallid, firm, elastic, very unequal,
either thickened at the base, or equal, sometimes villose at the base.
Gills shining white, wholly adnate, very thin, crowded, narrow, at
length lacerated. Flesh watery, white when dry. Spores white,
"5 x 4-5 /x" Sacc. Smell "strong, of cucumber" W. G. Sm. Caespitose.
On rotten wood, and trunks, especially old poplars. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
1440. P. fimbriatus (Bolt.) Fr. (= Clitocybe fimbriata (Bolt.) Quel.)
Cke. Ulus. no. 275, t. 178, fig. 1. Fimbriatus, fringed.
P. 5-8 cm., whitish, hyaline, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convexo-
plane, then infundibuliform, more or less excentric, occasionally
lateral, pruinose; margin sinuato-lobed, incised. St. 1-4 cm. x 4-
10 mm., concolorous, tough, round, or compressed, base pubescent.
Gills white, wholly adnate, very narrow, very thin, very crowded. Flesh
thin, tough, watery-pallid. Spores white, "oval, 3-5-5 x 2-5-3 JM,
minutely rough" Sacc. Smell of new meal. Edible. On dead trunks,
especially beech. Aug. — Jan. Rare.
444 PLEUBOTUS
1441. P. Ruthae B. <fe Br. Cke. Illus. no. 275, t. 178, fig. 2.
Miss Ruth Berkeley.
P. 4 cm., whitish, or yellowish buff , fan- shaped, slightly hispid above
the gelatinous stratum; margin very thin, striate. St. 1-3 cm. x 5-
6 mm., reddish, lateral, hispid, arising from a fibrous mycelium. Gills
white with a reddish tinge, rather broad, acute behind, anastomosing,
interstices veined. On sawdust. Oct. Rare.
1442. P. lignatilis Fr. (= Clitocybe lignatilis (Pers.) Quel.) Saund. &
Sm. Myc. Illus. t. 6, figs. 4-6. Lignatilis, woody.
Dingy whitish. P. 3-10 cm., rarely central, generally more or less
excentric, occasionally wholly lateral, often reniform, thin but com-
pact, tough, convex, then plane, obtuse, often umbilicate, flocculoso-
pruinose\ margin involute, then expanded and undulato-lobed. St.
5-7-5 x 1-3 cm., 6-8 x 3-4 mm., sometimes absent, unequal, curved,
or flexuose, tough, pruinosely villose; base rooting, somewhat tomen-
tose. Gills shining white, often with a tinge of yellow, adnate, very
crowded, narrow, divergent in the lobes, undulate. Flesh white, firm.
Spores white, subglobose, 4 x 3/n. Smell strong of new meal. On
trunks especially beech, and on rotten wood. Sept. — Oct. Uncom-
mon, (v.v.)
var. tephrocephala Fr. refypos, ash-coloured; Ke<f>a\rf, head.
Differs from the type in the more compact p., the black disc becoming
cinereous, and the white margin.
1443. P. circinatus Fr. (= Clitocybe circinata (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon,
t. 88, fig. 1. Circinatus, rounded.
Entirely white. P. 6-9 cm., orbicular, horizontal, tough, convex,
then plano-disc-shaped, obtuse, covered with a shining, whitish, slightly
silky lustre. St. 3-8 cm. x 6-10 mm., elastic, central, or slightly ex-
centric, generally straight, sometimes curved, bluntly or attenuato-
rooted at the base. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent, crowded, broad.
Flesh white, firm. Spores white, globose, 3-4/4. Smell pleasant. On
beech, and brick stumps. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
C. Veil none; gills deeply decurrent; stem distinct,
somewhat vertical.
1444. P. sapidus Schulz. (= Pleurotus cornucopiae (Paul.) Quel.)
Kalchbr. Icon. t. 8, fig. 1. Sapidus, pleasant.
P. 5—12 cm., white, or light yellow, becoming fuscous, or umber, ex-
centric, lateral, subsessile, deformed, convex, disc depressed. St.
2-5-5 cm. x 6-16 mm., white, or pallid yellow, incrassated upwards and
dilated in the pileus, often branched, curved, ascending, arising from
a fleshy, bulbous, white base. Gills pallid, decurrent, rather distant,
PLEUROTUS 445
broad. Flesh white. Spores white, oblong ovate, 7-8 x 4/i or 10-
12 x 4-5 p, lilac colour in the mass. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible.
On elm trunks. June — Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1445. P. pantoleucus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 88, fig. 2.
7ra<?, all; Xev/co?, white.
Entirely white. P. 4-8 cm., excentric, dimidiate, spathulate, slightly
convex, subdepressed and marginate behind. St. 2-3 x 1-1-5 cm.,
ascending, very excentric, equal, or attenuated downwards. Flesh
white, compact. Gills decurrent, somewhat crowded, broad. On trunks,
willow. Oct. Uncommon.
1446. P. mutilus Fr. (= Omphalia mutila (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 88,
fig. 4. Mutilus, maimed.
Entirely white. P. 1-3 cm., very excentric, or wholly lateral, soft,
tough, reniform, spathulate, and depressed behind, subumbilicate,
otherwise ascending, silky when dry. St. 6-8 x 2-4 mm. erect, or
ascending, excentric, or somewhat lateral, round, tough, base villose.
Gills decurrent, somewhat crowded, narrow, thick. Flesh white, thin.
Spores white, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 4/u,, 1-guttulate. Pastures, and hill-
sides. July — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
D. Veil none; gills deeply decurrent; p. lateral, sessile, or extended
behind into a short, oblique stem-like base.
1447. P. ostreatus (Jacq.) Fr. Ostreatus, rough.
P. 7-13 cm., when young almost black, soon becoming pale, fuscous-
cinereous, passing into yellow when old, soft, conchate, somewhat dimi-
diate, ascending, moist, cuticle sometimes torn into squamules. St.
2-4 x 2 cm., often wanting, white, firm, elastic, ascending obliquely,
dilated upwards into the pileus, base strigosely villose. Gills white, be-
coming yellowish, margin sometimes umber, decurrent, anastomosing
at the base, subdistant, broad. Flesh white. Spores lilac in the mass,
elliptical, 9-11 x 4-5-6 /A, 1-many-guttulate. Taste and smell plea-
sant. Edible. On stumps, trunks, and logs. Jan. — Dec. Common.
(v.v.)
(Bull.) Fr. Glandulosus, having glands.
Differs from the type in the glandular gills. On stumps. July —
Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. euosmus (Berk.) Cke. (= Pleurotus columbinus Quel.) Hussey,
111. Brit. Myc. i, t. 75. 61/007109, sweet smelling.
Differs from the type in its strong smell like that of tarragon. Poison-
ous. On elm stumps. April — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
446 PLEUROTUS
var. columbinus (Quel.) Cke. (= Pleurotus columbinus Quel.) Bres.
Fung. Trid. t. 6, as Pleurotus columbinus Bres.
Columbinus, pertaining to a pigeon.
Differs from the type in the dark bluish grey pileus, and glaucous
gills. Edible. On stumps. Feb. — Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1448. P. revolutus Kickx. Revolutus, rolled back.
P. 9-15 cm., at first smoky, then lead and mouse colours, disc darker,
firm, elastic, convexo-plane, depressed behind, shining; margin in-
curved. St. 2-5 x 2-3 cm., whitish, sometimes pubescent. Gills white,
decurrent, serrulated. On old trunks, poplar, beech. Sept. — Oct.
Rare.
var. anglicus Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 281, 1. 180, as Pleurotus revolutus
Kickx. Anglicus, English.
Differs from the type in the margin of the pileus being only very
slightly, or not at all incurved, and in its pallid ochraceous gills. On
trunks. Rare.
1449. P. salignus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 282, t. 228.
Salignus, belonging to willow.
P. 5—8 cm., fuliginous-cinereous, or ochraceous, compact, spongy,
subdimidiate, horizontal, at first pulvinate, at length depressed behind,
here and there strigose. St. 1-1-5 x 3-4 cm., tan, firm, more or less
tomentose. Gills dingy-fuliginous, horizontal, branched in the middle,
crowded, edge often eroded. Spores dingy, "oblong cylindrical, often
curved, 8-14 x 3-4-5/x, 1-guttulate" Karst. On willow, and alder
trunks. Sept. — Jan. Uncommon.
1450. P. acerinus Fr. Acerinus, belonging to maple.
Entirely shining white, tough. P. 2-5-10 cm., thin, unequal, silky-
villose. St. 1x1 cm., often obsolete, somewhat lateral, whitish,
villose. Gills white, becoming yellow, decurrent, crowded, thin. Spores
white, elliptical, 6 x 3p, or 6-7 x 4-5/u,, 1-2-guttulate. On trunks,
and logs of maple, ash, and hornbeam. Sept.— Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
II. Pileus definitely lateral, immarginate behind, not
resupinate at first.
1451. P. petaloides (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 226.
7T€Ta\,ov, a leaf; etSo?, like.
P. 2-5-5 cm., fuscous, becoming pale, dimidiate, somewhat spathulate,
continuous with the stem', margin at first involute, then expanded.
St. 1-5-2-5 x 1-5-2-5 cm., sometimes very short, whitish, firm, com-
pressed, channelled when larger, villose. Gills white, or yellowish, then
cinereous, decurrent, very crowded, very narrow, very unequal. Flesh
PLEUROTTTS 447
of the pileus with a gelatinous layer under the cuticle. Spores white,
elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5 /A, granular. Cystidia fusiform, 50-60 x 12-15/n,
apex pointed, very thick walled. On stumps, and on the ground.
Aug. — Jan. Rare, (v.v.)
1452. P. pulmonarius Fr. Pulmonarius, belonging to the lungs.
P. 4-8 cm., cinereous, then tan colour, continuous with the stem,
soft but tough, flaccid, obovate, or reniform; margin plane, or reflexo-
conchate. St. 1-5 cm. x 12 mm., or wanting, exactly lateral, hori-
zontal, or ascending, expanded into the pileus, round, villose. Gills
whitish, then livid, or cinereous, decurrent, but ending determinately,
moderately broad. Spores white, "8-10 x 2-3 p, or 10-12 x 3-4/u,"
Sacc. On beech, and birch stumps. Sept. Rare.
var. juglandis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 87, fig. 2. Juglans, a walnut.
Sessile, smaller than the type, caespitose. P. greyish-brown, obovate,
attenuated into a very short stem-like base. Gills concolorous, or
paler. On walnut trunks. Rare.
1453. P. serotinus (Schrad.) Fr. Pat. tab. anal. t. 629. Serotinus, late.
P. 3—7 cm., yellow-green, fuliginous olive, then olive, thick, gibbous-
convex, then plane and ascending, reniform, or obovate, pellicle viscid
in wet weather; margin involute, then expanded and revolute. St.
1-2-5 x 1 cm., or wanting, lateral, yellow, dotted with fuliginous or
brownish squamules, forming a fuliginous zone near the gills. Gills
bright yellow, adnate, narrow, crowded, often branched. Flesh white,
with a gelatinous layer under the cuticle of the p. Spores white, sausage-
shaped, curved, 5-6 x 1-5-2/z, becoming 2-septate. Cystidia abun-
dant on gill edge, scattered elsewhere, with yellowish contents in
the upper part, cylindrical, or subfusiform, obtuse, or slightly clavate
at the apex, base ventricose, or attenuated; 40-53 x 8-10 x 5-8 /u,
at apex. On trunks and fallen logs. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. Almeni (Fr.) Big. & Guill. FT. Icon. t. 87, fig. 3, as Agaricus
(Pleurotus) Almeni Fr. Professor A. Almen.
Differs from the type in its larger size, tawny fuscous p. and paler
st. and gills. Fallen logs. Nov. Rare, (v.v.)
1454. P. mitis (Pers.) Berk. Outl. t. 6, fig. 9. Mitis, mild.
Entirely white, or becoming rufescent. P. 1-2 cm., thin, continuous
with the st. in a straight line, horizontal, reniform. St. 6-12 x 6-
12 mm., definitely lateral, compressed and dilated upwards, sprinkled
with white, mealy squamules. Gills adnate, linear-lanceolate, very
crowded. Flesh white, with a gelatinous layer under the cuticle of the p.
Spores white, reniform, 4 x 2fi. On coniferous twigs and stumps.
Sept. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
448 PLETJBOTUS
1455. P. rufipes Massee & W. G. Sm. Rufus, red; pes, foot.
P. 3-4 mm., white, disc salmon, membranaceous, dimidiate, or reni-
form, convex, very glutinous when moist; margin incurved. St. 4-6 x
•5 mm., reddish, viscous, becoming recurved, base white downy. Gills
white, interstices pale salmon, adnate, broad, distant. Flesh of stem
salmon-red, centre white. Spores white, oblong, 2-2-5 x -75/u. On
wood. Sept.— Oct. Eare.
1456. P. gadinoides W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 286, t. 276, top figs.
Gadinia, a species of bivalve; eZSo?, like.
Entirely white. P. 1—1*5 cm., dimidiate, shell-shaped, hygrophanous,
smooth, or clothed with fine adpressed fiocci. St. minute, lateral, or
none. Gills adnate, somewhat crowded, slightly branched. Spores
white, elliptical, 7 x 3/u. On tree-fern stems. May. Rare.
1457. P. limpidus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 88, fig. 3. Limpidus, clear.
Entirely hyaline white, shining white when dry. P. 2-3 cm., obovate,
or reniform, horizontal, narrowed behind into a stem-like base, pruinose ;
margin shortly inflexed, very thin. Gills decurrent at the base, crowded,
thin, linear. Spores white, "globose, 6 /A, with a large central gutta"
Quel.; "subcylindrical, obtusely rounded at both ends, obliquely
apiculate at the base, 7-8 x 3-4 /x" Sacc. On ash, beech, and willow
stumps. Nov. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1458. P. reniformis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 89, fig. 3.
Reniformis, kidney -shaped.
P. 6-10 mm., cinereous, horizontal, reniform, plane, emarginate be-
hind, villose; margin spreading. St. rudimentary, lateral, villose. Gills
grey, linear, running out from the stem-like tubercle, thin. Flesh thin,
somewhat gelatinous, diaphanous. Spores white, globose, 3-4/z,
warted, 1-guttulate. On buried twigs, and branches of silver-fir.
Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1459. P. Laurocerasi B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 287, t. 242, top figs.
Cerasus Laurocerasus, the cherry laurel.
P. 2-3 cm., brown, oyster-shaped, sulcate, cuticle very thin, cracking
at the furrows. St. obsolete. Gills pinkish, adnate, connected by veins,
broad. Spores white, ovate, 8 x 5 /A. On a trunk of cherry laurel.
Oct. Rare.
1460. P. tremulus (Schaefi.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 242.
Tremulus, shaking.
P. 1—4 cm., fuscous-grey, becoming pale, submembranaceous, some-
what horizontal, reniform, plane, sometimes infundibuliform and
lobed, hygrophanous, diaphanous, tomentose under a lens. St. 8-
12 x 4-6 mm., grey, exactly lateral, ascending-vertical, round, dilated
PLETTROTUS 449
upwards. Gills grey, adnate or decurrent, very unequal, linear, narrow,
somewhat distant. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores pip-shaped, 7-8 x 3-4jLt,
1-2-guttulate. On the ground, moss, and fungi. Aug. — Dec. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1461. P. acerosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 89, fig. 2.
Acerosus, acerose, coniferous.
P. 2-3 cm., grey, or brown, silky white when dry, membranaceous,
reniform, somewhat lobed, striate, flaccid. St. 2-6 x 2 mm., often
wanting, lateral, whitish, base strigose-rooting. Gills grey, adnate,
linear, crowded. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores white, globose, 4-6 fj.,
1-guttulate. On twigs, needles, and stumps in coniferous woods, and
on Sphagnum in bogs. Aug. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1462. P. dictyorhizus (DC.) Fr. (= Calathinus dictyorhizus (DC.)
Quel.) Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 72, fig. 2.
SLKTVOV, net- work; pi£a, root.
Entirely shining white. P. -5-1 cm., orbicular, or dimidiate, lobed,
membranaceous, very delicate, villosely silky, reticulately fibrillose at
the base. St. 1-3 x -5 mm., generally wanting, villose. Gills extending
to the base, distant, linear, lanceolate. Flesh white, thin. Spores
white, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 4ju, 1-guttulate. On twigs, and dead wood.
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
III. P. at first resupinate, then reflexed, sessile; gills
meeting at an excentric point.
A. P. fleshy, uniform in texture.
1463. P. pomgens (Pers.) Fr. (= Calathinus porrigens (Pers.) Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 288, t. 259, fig. A. Porrigens, stretching out.
Entirely shining white. P. 2-5-10 cm., at first resupinate, sessile,
adnate behind, forming excentric orbicular shields, with the gills con-
current in an umbilicus, soon extended laterally, ascending, ear-shaped,
narrow at the base, dilated above, at length undulato-lobed, tough,
flaccid, pruinose, tomentose towards the base, diaphanous. Gills at
first concurrent, then decurrent, often branched, somewhat veined,
very narrow, crowded, linear. Flesh white, thin, compact. Spores
white, subglobose, 7—8 x 6/x. On coniferous stumps. June — Nov.
Common in Scotland, uncommon elsewhere, (v.v.)
1464. P. septicus Fr. (= Calathinus pubescens (Sow.) Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 288, t. 259, fig. B. crr/TTTitcos, putrefying.
Entirely shining white. P. 2-10 mm., at first resupinate, attached to
the wood, then reflexed and appearing sessile with flaxy rootlets,
villose. St. 2-4 x -5 mm., filiform, incurved, villose, becoming erect
and at length vanishing. Gills converging round the rudiment of a
450 PLEUROTUS
stem, comparatively broad, somewhat distant. Flesh white, thin at
the margin. Spores elliptical, 9-10 x 5/x,, often depressed on the one
side. On dead twigs, decayed wood, rabbit dung and fungi. March —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
P. nidulans (Pers.) Fr. = Crepidotus nidulans (Pers.) Quel. Ench.
B. P. fleshy, striate, with an upper gelatinous layer,
or viscous pellicle.
1465. P. mastrucatus Fr. (= Calathinus mastrucatus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 289, t. 243, upper figs.
Mastrucatus, clothed in a sheep-skin.
P. 3-12 cm., mouse grey, as if prickly with fioccose, squarrose, con-
colorous scales, obovate, or tongue-shaped, soft, flaccid; margin in-
volute, lobed. Gills whitish-grey, concurrent in an excentric umbilicus,
then converging to the base of the pileus, broad, somewhat distant.
Flesh, upper layer gelatinous, mouse-fuscous, the lower a little thicker,
pallid. Spores white, "pruniform, 7-9 /i" Quel. On old beech
stumps. Rare.
1466. P. atrocaeruleus Fr. (= Calathinus atrocaeruleus (Fr.) Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 289, t. 243, lower figs.
Ater, black; caeruleus, azure-blue.
P. 2-5-5 cm., dark azure-blue, rarely fuscous, at first resupinate,
soon reflexed, horizontal, obovate, or reniform, villose, slightly
wrinkled when dry. Gills whitish, becoming light yellow, at first con-
current, then reaching the base, broad. Flesh, upper layer toughly
gelatinous, as much as 4 mm. thick, fuscous-blackish, the lower
thinner, whitish. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/x, often de-
pressed on one side, with a large central gutta. Cystidia abundant,
fusiform, 46-60 x 8-1 1/u, very thick walled, sometimes septate at
the base, encrusted in the upper portion. Smell sometimes pleasant.
On beech, birch, and poplar stumps. Oct. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1467. P. Leightonii Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 290, t. 260, upper figs.
The Rev. W. A. Leighton, the eminent Shropshire lichenologist.
P. 10 mm., umber, then lead-coloured, at first cyphellaeform, ob-
liquely conical, furfuraceous, with short, scattered, black bristles inter-
mixed. Gills pallid tan colour, rather thick, distant, somewhat forked
at the base, slightly undulated, obscurely wrinkled at the base, the
interstices scarcely reticulated. Flesh, upper layer gelatinous, of the
colour of the pileus, the lower white. Spores white, "somewhat
sausage-shaped, slightly curved, 10 x 3/x" Sacc. On wood, rotten
rails. Dec. Rare.
1468. P. algidus Fr. (= Calathinus algidus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus.
no. 290, t. 260, lower figs. Algidus, cold.
P. 1-5 cm., umber, or rufous brown, at first resupinate, then ex-
PLEUROTUS 451
panded, subreniform and reflexed, fleshy, velvety, then smooth, viscid.
Gills pallid yellow, concurrent, then appearing adnate, crowded, rather
broad, sometimes crisped at the base. Flesh, upper layer gelatinous,
brownish, lower whitish. Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 p, 1-2-
guttulate. On trunks of willow, mountain ash. Aug. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1469. P. fluxilis Fr. (= Calathinus fiuxilis (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus.
no. 291, t. 244, top figs. Fluxilis, fluid.
P. 2-3 cm., somewhat umber, pale grey, or olivaceous, thin, dimidiate,
sessile, reniform, covered with a fluid, gelatinous stratum. Gills whitish,
linear, 2 mm. broad, rounded behind, distant. Flesh thin, soft, yellow-
ish. Spores white, "elliptical-oblong, 10/Li, guttate" Quel. On mossy
beech trunks, and on wood, and sawdust. Oct. Eare.
1470. P. cyphellaeformis Berk. (= Dictyolus cyphellaeformis (Berk.)
Cost. & Duf.) Cke. Illus. no. 291, t. 244, middle figs.
Kv<f)e\\a, the hollow of the ear;/orma, shape.
P. 4-10 mm., cinereous, cup-shaped, then dependent, very minutely
strigose, especially at the base; margin paler, sprinkled with a few
meal-like scales. Gills pure white, rather distant, the alternate ones
shorter, narrow, linear. Flesh, upper layer gelatinous, cinereous, the
lower white and very thin. Spores white, sausage-shaped, curved,
7-8 x 4/i, 2-guttulate. On dead herbaceous stems, and sticks. Feb. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1471. P. applicatus (Batsch) Berk. (= Calathinus applicatus (Batsch)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 291, t. 244, bottom figs.
Applicatus, attached to.
Entirely dark cinereous. P. 4-7 mm., cup-shaped, orbicular, adnate
behind, villose at the base, then reflexed, slightly vittose, or sub-
pruinose, substriate when moist. Gills whitish at the edge, few, radi-
ating from a white umbilicus, rather thick, broad. Flesh grey, upper
layer gelatinous. Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5/z, often de-
pressed on one side, 1-3-guttulate. On dead branches, and twigs.
Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
C. P. membranaceous, not viscid.
1472. P. Hobsonii Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 292, t. 212, fig. A.
Lieut. Julian C. Hobson.
P. 2—8 mm., pale grey, membranaceous, reniform, or dimidiate,
sessile, minutely downy; margin involute. Gills pallid, rather
distant. On larch stumps. Sept. Rare.
29—2
452 PLEUROTUS. SCHIZOPHYLLTJM
1473. P. striatulus Fr. (= Calathinus striatulus (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon
t. 89, fig. 5. Striatulus, somewhat striate
Entirely pale cinereous. P. 4-7 mm., sessile, cup-shaped, very tender,
pellucid, striate, wrinkled when dry. Gills sometimes whitish, few,
distant. Spores white, "oval, 5/j," Quel. On twigs, branches, and
stumps of fir, hazel, elm. May — Dec. Uncommon.
1474. P. hypnophilus Berk. (= Calathinus hypnophilus (Berk.) Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 292, t. 212, fig. C.
Hypnum, the name of a moss genus ; (£1X09, loving.
Entirely white. P. 5-10 mm., sessile, resupinate, somewhat reni-
form, rugose, slightly striate. Gills thin, crowded, radiating from a
central point. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3 p. On the larger mosses,
and fallen leaves. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon.
1475. P. chioneus (Pers.) Fr. (= Calathinus chioneus (Pers.) Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 292, t. 212, fig. D. %*&>", snow.
Entirely snow-white. P. 4-5 mm., very tender, lateral, then resu-
pinate, orbicular, becoming reniform, villose; margin involute. St.
1-2 x -5 mm., villose, vanishing. Gills radiating, crowded, rather
broad, sometimes with intermediate shorter ones. Spores white,
pip-shaped, depressed on one side, 5-8 x 3p,, minutely verrucose.
On twigs, dead leaves, and dung. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Spores white, gill edge longitudinally split.
Schizophyllum Fr.
(<r\a'£&>, I split; <f)v\\ov, a leaf.)
Pileus coriaceous, resupinate. Stem lateral or none. Gills radiating
from a central point, becoming longitudinally split and revolute at
the edge. Spores white, cylindrical, smooth, continuous. Cystidia
none. Growing on wood.
1476. S. commune Fr. (= Schizophyllum commune Fr. var. multi-
fidum Massee.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 61.
Commune, common.
P. 1-3 cm., greyish, or flesh colour, becoming white, more or less fan-
shaped, or reniform, often much lobed, very arid, pendulous, com-
monly extended behind into a stem-like base, covered with white-grey
down, then strigose. Gills fuscous-grey, then purplish, or whitish, split-
ting and revolute at the edge, radiating, narrow. Flesh brownish, be-
coming whitish. Spores white, cylindrical, straight, or curved, 6 x 3/n.
On fallen trunks, and dead branches in woods, also in timber yards
on imported timber. May — Jan. Not uncommon.
CLAUDOPUS 453
Spores pink.
Claudopus W. G. Sm.
(Claudus, lame; TTOVS, foot.)
Pileus fleshy, excentric, lateral, or resupinate. Stem lateral, or
none. Gills radiating from a central point, or decurrent. Spores
pink, elliptical, globose, oblong, smooth, angular or verrucose, con-
tinuous. Cystidia present. Growing on wood, or on the ground.
1477. C. variabilis (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (= Crepidotus variabilis (Pers.)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 371, t. 344, top figs.
Variabilis, variable.
P. 1-2 cm., white, slightly fleshy, resupinate, then reflexed, tomen-
tose, putting forth from the centre a short, incurved, villose stem
which is obliterated when the pileus is reflexed. Gills whitish, then
rubiginous, at first concurrent in an excentric point, then reaching
the base, broad, distant. Flesh white. Spores pink, elliptical, 5-6 x
3/A, "warted" Maire. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate-bottle-shaped,
36-45 x 7-9 p, " Rick. On dead sticks, fallen branches, and leaves,
in woods, hedgerows, and wood-yards. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. sphaerosporus Pat. <r(f>aipa, a ball; <nropd, seed.
Differs from the type in the subglobose spores, 7-8 x 6-7/1,. Woods,
and hedgerows. Sept. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1478. C. depluens (Batsch) W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 371, t. 344,
middle figs. Depluens, raining down.
P. 2-3 cm., rufescent-hoary, submembranaceous, resupinate, then
reflexed, changeable in form, delicately silky; at first with a villose
stem then stemless. Gills grey, then rufescent, scarcely decurrent,
diverging, broad, ventricose, somewhat crowded. Flesh thin, watery,
fragile. Spores pink, " subelliptical-renif orm, 10-12 x 5-6 /x. Cystidia
on edge of gill undulating-filiform, 45-50 x 4-6 p." Rick. On the
ground, amongst moss, sawdust, wood-ashes, sometimes in stoves.
Oct. Uncommon.
1479. C. byssisedus (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Icon, et Descr. t. 14, fig. 4.
/3uo-o-o<?, fine flax; sedeo, I sit.
P. 1-4 cm., grey, becoming pale when dry, slightly fleshy, at length
horizontal, reniform, plane, villose. St. 12 mm. long, incurved, villose,
attenuated upwards, zoned at the base with white cottony fibrils. Gills
whitish-cinereous, then rubiginous with the spores, adnato-decurrent,
ventricose, rather broad. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores pink, an-
gular, broadly elliptical, 10-11 x 7/n, 1-2-guttulate. On dead beech,
and wood of hornbeam, also on the ground. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
454 CREPIDOTUS
Spores ochraceous.
Crepidotus Fr.
(Kpi)7rl<;, a man's boot; ov<?, ear.)
Pileus fleshy, excentric, lateral, or resupinate. Stem lateral, or
none. Gills more or less decurrent, or radiating from a central point.
Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, or fuscous; elliptical, subglobose,
oval, or fusiform; smooth, granular, verrucose, or echinulate; con-
tinuous. Cystidia present. Growing on wood, rarely on the ground.
C. palmatus (BuU.) Fr. = Pleurotus palmatus (Bull.) Quel.
1480. C. nidulans (Pers.) Quel. Ench. (= Pleurotus nidulans (Pers.)
Fr.; Crepidot us jonquilla (Paul.) Quel.) Pers. Icon, et Descr.
t. 6, fig. 4. Nidulans, nestling.
P. 1-8 cm., yellow, or yellow orange, becoming pale, fleshy, resupinate,
cup-shaped, then expanded and reflexed, dimidiate, kidney-shaped,
sessile, tomentose, the tomentum concolorous, or becoming whitish;
margin inrolled, often lobed and orange-coloured. Gills orange tawny,
at first concurrent, then adnate, 2-4 mm. broad, subdistant, often
veined on the sides. Flesh yellowish, becoming whitish when dry,
staining paper a yellow colour, thick, soft. Spores bright ochraceous,
broadly elliptical, 5-6 x 4/i, 1-2-guttulate. Smell pleasant, "of
melon" Quel. Gregarious, sometimes imbricate. On rotten pine, and
beech wood. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1481. C. alveolus (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 534, t. 499, upper figs.
Alveolus, a little trough.
P. 2-6 cm., ochraceous fuscous, occasionally becoming olive at the
margin, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, obovate, somewhat cunei-
form, sometimes repand, rather plane, moist, smooth, dimidiate,
laterally somewhat sessile, or extended behind with a short, stem-like
tomentoso-villous base and horizontal. Gills clay-fuscous, determinate,
4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, thick, soft. Spores brownish,
elliptical, 8-10 x 6/u. Stumps and logs, especially oak. Aug. — Nov.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1482. C. moffls (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 535, t. 498. Mollis, soft.
P. 3-7 cm., pallid, then becoming hoary, fleshy, convexo-plane, ob-
ovate, or reniform, undulate and lobed when larger, flaccid, smooth,
dimidiate, subsessile, or extended behind into a short, 12mm., strigose
st., often imbricated. Gills whitish grey, then watery cinnamon, com-
monly decurrent to the base, linear, 2-4 mm. broad, often branched.
Flesh watery whitish, subgelatinous especially under the cuticle, thick.
Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5/u,. Cystidia "on edge of gill
cylindrical-filiform, 45-54 x 5-6 /u" Rick. Taste mild. Edible.
Stumps, twigs, fallen branches, and sawdust. May — Dec. Common.
(v.v.)
455 CREPIDOTUS 455
1483. C. applanatus (Pers.) Fr. Applanatus, flattened.
P. 1-8 cm., watery cinnamon, or fuliginous, whitish when dry, very
hygrophanous, fleshy, fragile, wholly plane and horizontal, extended
behind in a straight line into a very short, white, tomentose St., reniform,
or cuneiform, at length depressed behind, subsessile, minutely tomen-
tose; margin slightly striate when moist. Gills whitish, then watery
cinnamon, ending determinately behind, linear, crowded, thin. Flesh
whitish, watery, soft. Spores brownish, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/u,, with a
large central gutta. Cystidia "on edge of gill cylindrical-filiform,
36-40 x 5-7 /A" Rick. On twigs and dead wood. Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
1484. C. calolepis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 129, fig. 4.
fca\6<;, beautiful; XeTW, scale.
P. 1-7 cm., cream, or pale yellow, beautifully variegated with minute,
crowded, rufescent scales, fleshy, reniform, convex, almost shell-shaped,
dimidiate, sessile on a small villose knot, margined with white behind.
Gills pallid fuscous, then fuscous ferruginous, concurrent at the base,
rounded behind, comparatively broad. Flesh white, firm, fairly thick.
Spores brownish, elliptical, 7-9 x 5-6 p,. Stumps, and fallen branches,
especially poplar, and ash. Common, (v.v.)
1485. C. putrigenus Berk. & Curt. Puter, rotten; genus, birth.
P. 12-19 mm., whitish, subreniform, imbricate, tomentose, beset
at the base with a delicate white tomentum. Gills whitish, becoming
ferruginous brown, broad. Spores ferruginous, subglobose, 7/u,. Damp
wood. Sept. Rare.
1486. C. versutus Peck. Versutus, deceitful.
P. 9-20 mm., white, resupinate, then reflexed, sessile, thin, covered
with a soft villose tomentum ; margin incurved. Gills pallid, then ferrugi-
nous, concurrent in an excentric point, rounded behind, rather broad,
subdistant. Flesh white, thin. Spores ferruginous brown, subelliptical,
9-10 x 4-5 /A. On dead wood, and rotten branches. June — Nov. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
1487. C. epigaeus (Pers.) B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 537, t. 516, fig. A.
eiriyaios, upon the earth.
P. 1-2 cm., reddish grey, fragile, reniform, or flabellate ; base
whitish, downy. Gills watery rufescent, divergent, narrow. Flesh pallid,
very thin. Spores pale cinnamon, broadly elliptical, 10 x 7 /A. On
marlstone clay. Nov. Rare.
1488. C. haustellaris Fr. (= C. flurstedtiensis (Batsch) Sacc.) Cke.
Illus. no. 536, t. 515, fig. A. Haurio, I draw water.
P. 2-3 cm., pale yellowish tan, becoming pale, but often cinnamon
wJien old, fleshy, almost pellucid, flaccid, exactly lateral, reniform,
456 CBEPIDOTUS
plane, delicately villose. St. 4-8 x 2-4 mm., white, attenuated upwards,
almost conical, round, villose, somewhat ascending when young, then
straight and horizontal. Gills pallid, then fuscous cinnamon, deter-
minate, rounded, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid, watery, thin.
Spores "ellipsoid, ochraceous, 6-7 x 4-5-5-5/x" Sacc. On dead trunks,
and fallen branches of poplar. June — Oct. Rare.
C. Rubi Berk. = Naucoria effugiens Quel.
C. variabilis (Pers.) Quel. = Claudopus variabilis (Pers.) W. G. Sni.
1489. C. chimonophilus B. & Br. Cke. Hlus. no. 536, t. 515, fig. D.
X€IIJ,Q>V, winter; <£i\os, loving.
Entirely pure white. P. 4-6 mm., convex, fleshy, clothed with villose
down; margin inflexed. St. extremely short, or obsolete, excentric..
Gills attenuated behind, narrow, distant, few. Flesh white, rather thick.
Spores pale cinnamon, elliptical, 5 x 3/i. Dead branches of Pyrus
torminalis. Dec. Rare.
1490. C. epibryus Fr. Cke. nius. no. 537, t. 516, fig. C.
eVt, upon; ftpvov, moss.
P. 4-10 mm., shining white, membranaceous, cup-shaped, resupinate,
sessile, pellucid, adnate at the vertex, becoming silky-even. Gills
whitish, then pale yellowish, concurrent in the centre, thin, crowded.
Flesh white, very thin. Spores "ochraceous, elliptical, fusiform,
10-12/A, minutely echinulate" Quel. On mosses, grass, holly-leaves,
Vaccinium, twigs, and herbaceous stems. Oct. — Jan. Uncommon.
1491. C. pezizoides (Nees) Fr. Cke. IUus. no. 537, t. 516, fig. D.
Treft?, Peziza; eZSo<?, like.
P. 4-6 mm., whitish, or reddish, sessile, thin, cup-shaped, then re-
flexed, mealy subtomentose. GUIs olivaceous fuscous, then tawny, con-
current at the centre, subdistant. Gregarious. On rotten branches,
and old wood. Rare.
1492. C. Phillipsii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 536, t. 515, fig. C.
W. Phillips of Shrewsbury, the eminent mycologist.
Slightly umber. P. 4-6 mm., oblique, striate, smooth. St. 2-3 x
•5 mm., incurved at the base, sometimes obsolete. Gills shortly
adnate, narrow, ventricose. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores pale
ochraceous, elliptical, 5—6 x 2-5-3/x. Dead grass leaves, and stems.
May — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1493. C. Ralfsii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 537, t. 516, fig. B.
J. Ralfs, an eminent botanist.
P. 5-15 mm., yellow, or fuscous, semi-reflexed, delicately furfura-
ceous, slightly hispid, the involute margin spreading, adfixed by
CEEPIDOTUS. BUSSULA 457
cottony flocci. Gills day colour, ventricose, edge whitish. Flesh con-
colon 'ous, thin. Spores brown, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 fi, with a
large central gutta. Dead branches, and decaying wood. March.
Bare, (v.v.)
1494. C. luteolus Lamb. Luteolus, yellowish.
P. clear yellow, then pale, thin, stipitate at first, then resupinate
and st. disappearing, tomentose. Gills orange yellow, then cinnamon,
crowded. Spores rusty.
1495. C. Parisotii Pat. Parisot.
P. 5-6 mm., bright lemon yellow, sessile, velvety tomentose with simple,
or branched thin hairs ; margin incurved, attached to the support above
by some white fibrils, with an extremely short stem below which
terminates on the under side of the p. in a yellowish white, projecting,
velvety heap. Gills reddish, unequal, the longer ones reaching the
central mass, very distant, thick. Spores ochraceous, hyaline, or
granular, oval, apiculate, 4-5 x 2/A. On twigs. Rare.
1496. C. proboscideus Fr. Trpofioa-icLs, an elephant's trunk.
P. 2-3 cm., ochraceous, sometimes white, fleshy, elongate shell-
shaped, or trumpet-shaped, more prolonged on the one side, cottony.
St. conical, very short, really only a continuation of the p., base
cottony. Gills whitish, then concolorous, or watery cinnamon, thin,
fairly distant. Rotten wood, fallen branches, and wooden ceiling.
Dec. Rare.
II. Receptacle fleshy, trama vesiculose, and traversed
by lacticiferous vessels. Spores white, or yellow.
Latex watery, uncoloured.
Russula Fr.
(Russulus, reddish.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, fleshy. Gills adnate, sinuato-
adnate, adnexed, free, or decurrent, rigid, fragile, edge acute. Spores
white, or yellow, rarely greenish; globose, subglobose, or elliptical,
echinulate, verrucose, subreticulate, or with anastomosing ridges and
spines, continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the
ground, rarely on wood.
I. P. fleshy throughout, margin more or less involute, pellicle slightly
developed, dry, adnate. Flesh compact, firm. Gills unequal,
alternate. Spores white in the mass.
*Flesh not changing colour, gills narrow, decurrent.
1497. R. delica Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 201. Delica, weaned.
P. 5-8 cm., white, becoming spotted with light brown, convex, um-
458 RUSSULA
bilicate, then somewhat infundibuliform, at first delicately tomen-
tose, then only in little patches. St. 2-3-5 x -5-2 cm., white, becoming
somewhat light brown, attenuated at the base, finely tomentose under
a lens. Gills white, exuding watery drops when young, decurrent, or
adnate, crowded, narrow, sometimes branched near the margin, rarely
bifid at the base. Flesh white. Spores hyaline, subglobose, 8-9 x
7-8 /z, verrucose, with a large central gutta. "Hyphae containing
oil globules traverse the tissue and terminate in cystidia-like bodies,
60-70 x 6-8jti." Bres. Smell pleasant, taste slowly acrid. Deciduous,
and pine woods. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1498. R. chloroides (Krombh.) Bres. (= Lactarius exsuccus (Otto)
Fr.; Russula delica Aut. plur. pr. p. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid.
t. 202. %Xw/oo9, pale green; etSo?, like.
P. 6-15 cm., pallid then ochraceous, convexo-plane, then somewhat
infundibuliform, pubescent, soon smooth, areolately cracked in dry
weather. St. 3-6 x 2-3-5 cm., white then concolorous, the extreme apex
incirded by a greenish zone, equal, or attenuated at the base, rugulose.
Gills whitish, or greenish, becoming pallid and often spotted fuscous in
old age, subdecurrent, or sinuato-adnate, broad, somewhat crowded,
connected by veins. Flesh white, cheesy. Spores hyaline, subglobose,
8-11 x 8-10 ju,, echinulate. Cystidia fusiform, 70-90 x 8-1 2 p. Smell
at length unpleasant, taste acrid. Woods. Aug. — Dec. Common,
especially in some years, (v.v.)
1499. R. elephantina Fr. (= Russula chloroides Krombh. sec. Bataille.)
e\e(f>dvTivo<;, of ivory.
P. 7-5 cm., fuscous-tan, paler at the margin, convexo-umbilicate ;
margin undulated, exceeding the gills. St. 5-7-5 x 2-5 cm., shining
white, obese, very hard. Gills white, spotted pale yellowish when
touched, obtusely or sinuato-adnate, arcuate, somewhat crowded, thin,
divided behind. Flesh of stem shining white. Spores "14 x 10 jit"
Sacc. Woods. Sept. Rare.
**Flesh becoming black.
1500. R. nigricans (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 970, t. 1015.
Nigricans, becoming black.
P. 5-20 cm., olivaceous-fuliginous, at length black, convex, then
flattened and umbilicato-depressed, slightly viscid when moist, at
length rimoso-squamulose. St. 3-7 x 2-5 cm., pallid, at length black,
equal. Gills ochraceous, reddening when touched, rounded behind,
slightly adnexed, thick, distant, wide. Flesh firm, white, becoming red
on exposure to the air, and finally black. Spores white, globose, 8-9 /x,
verrucose, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "only on edge of gill,
vesiculose, then ventricose, pointed, 45-60 x 15-30 /x" Rick. Taste
mild, then acrid. Woods. June — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
RUSSULA 459
1501. R. adusta (Pers.) Fr. (= Russula albo-nigra Krombh. sec. Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 972, t. 1051. Adusta, scorched.
P. 8-15 cm., pallid, or whitish, becoming cinereous-fuliginous, con-
vex, then depressed, and somewhat infundibuliform. St. 3-5 x 2-
3 cm., concolorous, obese. Gills white, then dingy, adnate, then de-
current, thin, crowded, narrow. Flesh white, then brownish, and finally
black. Spores white, globose, 8/z, verrucose. Cystidia "sparse, subu-
late, 45-50 x 7/i" Rick. Taste mild. Woods. Aug.— Nov. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
var. caerulescens Fr. Caerulescens, becoming blue.
Differs from the type in the flesh becoming dark blue when cut or
broken. Deciduous woods. Rare, (v.v.)
var. albo-nigra (Krombh.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 971, t. 1016.
Albus, white; nigra, black.
Differs from the type in the white pileus becoming smoky near the
margin, the stem fuscous from the first, and the flesh immediately be-
coming black when broken. Cystidia "only on the edge of the gill,
subulate-pointed, 75-90 x 9-10/x, filled with dark juice" Rick.
Woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1502. R. densifolia (Seer.) Gill. Cke. Illus. no. 973, t. 1017.
Densus, crowded ; folium, leaf.
P. 7-10 cm., whitish, then dingy brown, and finally black, convex,
then depressed, slightly viscid at first; margin elastic, villose, white.
St. 3-5 x 1-2 cm., white, then concolorous, equal, pruinose. Gills
white, becoming grey when touched, then dingy, and finally black, adnate,
decurrent by a tooth, narrow, crowded, thin. Flesh white, becoming red
when broken, and finally black. Spores white, globose, 7-8/z, echinu-
late, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, taste slowly acrid. Woods. Aug. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1503. R. semicrema Fr. FT. Icon. t. 172, fig. 1.
Semi,hali; crema, burnt.
P. 6-11 cm., persistently white, convex then plane, disc umbilicate.
St. 5-8 x 5-6 cm., white, becoming black, firm. Gills persistently white,
decurrent, crowded, thin. Flesh of pileus persistently white, becoming
black in the stem. Spores white, globose, 8-9/1,, verruculose. Taste
mild. Woods. Aug.— Sept. Rare.
II. Pellicle of the pileus dry, adnate, rarely possessing cystidia,
usually breaking up into fiocci, granules, or areolae. Margin
rounded, never striate (except 1511), or involute. Gills with a very
broad, rounded apex. Spores whitish cream-colour in mass.
1504. R. lactea (Pers.) Fr. Lactea, milk-white.
P. 5-12 cm., milk-white, then tan-white, convex, then plane, often
excentric, pruinose, appearing as if stippled under a lens, then
460 RUSSULA
minutely cracked. St. 3-5 x 2-4 cm., white, equal, or ventricose,
pruinose. Gills whitish cream colour, free, very broad, thick, distant,
forked. Flesh white, compact. Spores very pale ochraceous, globose,
7-S/A, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug.—
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1505. R. incarnate Quel. Cke. Illus. no.^90, 1. 1071, as Russula lactea
Pers. var. incarnata Quel. Incarnata, flesh-colour.
P. 6-10 cm., white, tinged with rose, at length tan colour, convex, then
depressed, minutely mealy, then cracked into areolae. St. 4-6 x 1-5-
2 cm., white, firm, pruinose. Gills whitish cream colour, adnate, broad,
forked, rigid. Flesh white. Spores very pale ochraceous, globose,
8-lOju, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1506. R. virescens (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 991, t. 1039.
Virescens, green.
P. 6-12 cm., deep or pallid green, globose, then expanded, at length
depressed, often unequal, the flocculose cuticle broken up into patches,
or warts. St. 5-10 x 2—3 cm., white, or whitish cream colour, firm,
pruinose, subrivulose. Gills white, then whitish cream colour, free, or
adnate, thick, somewhat crowded, sometimes forked. Flesh white,
not very compact. Spores very pale ochraceous, globose, 6-8/A, verru-
cose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia narrowly fusiform, apex obtuse, 2-3/u, in
diam., 55-65 x 8-10/A. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. July— Oct.
Common, (v.v.)
1507. R. lepida Fr. (= Russula lepida Fr. var. pulcherrima Gillet.)
Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 204. Lepida, charming.
P. 5-10 cm., blood-red-rose, becoming pale, and somewhat tan-leather
colour at the disc, convex, then expanded, rarely depressed, pruinose,
appearing under a lens as if stippled, at length often rimoso-squamulose.
St. 3-5-7 x 1-5-2 cm., white, often tinged with rose colour, especially
on one side, or at the base, equal, or attenuated at the base, very firm.
Gills whitish cream colour, the edge often minutely dentate and red,
especially towards the margin of the pileus, rounded behind, or at-
tenuate, rather thick, somewhat crowded, often forked, connected by
veins. Flesh white, firm, cheesy. Spores very pale ochre in the mass,
hyaline under the microscope, globose, 8-10/x, echinulate. Cystidia
"cylindrical, rounded, 60-90 x 15/u." Rick. Smell pleasant. Taste
pleasant, then very slowly acrid. Edible. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
var. alba Quel. Alba, white.
Differs from the type in the pruinose, milk-white p. sometimes
tinged with rose colour, and the white, mealy st. Woods. Aug. — Sept.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
RUSSULA 461
1508. R. Linnaei Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 172, fig. 3.
Carlos Linnaeus, the eminent Swedish botanist.
P. 7-12 cm., unicolorous, dark purple, blood-red, or bright rose,
opaque, not becoming pale, convex, then plane and depressed, some-
times repand, dry, pruinose. St. 4-6 x 2-3 cm., blood-red, rarely
white, somewhat ventricose, firm, spongy within, obsoletely fibrilloso-
reticulate. Gills white, then ochraceous, adnate, subdecurrent, rather
thick, broad, fragile, slightly connected by veins, not crowded, some-
what anastomosing behind. Flesh white, compact, firm. Spores pale
ochraceous, elliptically globose, echinulate, 8-11 x Sp,. Cystidia "on
surface of gill sparse, cylindrical, pointed, 50-60 x 8-12 p" Rick.
Taste mild. Woods. Oct. Rare.
1509. R. azurea Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 24. Azurea, sky-blue.
P. 3-6 cm., bright blue, margin sometimes lilac, becoming pale, con-
vex, then plane or depressed, fleshy, soon dry, constantly minutely
granular', margin scarcely striate in old age. St. 3--5 x 1—1-5 cm.,
white, ventricose, or attenuated at the base, somewhat rugulose, firm.
Gills white, attenuato-adnate, crowded, equal, forked. Flesh white.
Spores white, subglobose, 8-9 x S/A, verrucose. Cystidia fusiform,
60-70 x 12-13jn. Taste mild. Edible. Coniferous woods, and under
conifers. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1510. R. olivacea (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1001, t. 1041.
Olivacea, olivaceous.
P. 6—12 cm., dingy purple, then olivaceous, or wholly fuscous-oliva-
ceous, convex, then plane and depressed, fleshy, slightly silky and
squamulose. St. 5-8 x 1-5—2 cm., rose colour, or pallid, firm, ventri-
cose. Gills bright yellow, adnexed, wide, with shorter and forked ones
intermixed, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellowish. Spores pale
ochraceous, globose, 10/x, punctate. Cystidia "subulate, 50-75 x
8-12/i," Rick. Taste mild. Edible. Fir woods. Aug. Uncommon.
1511. R. elegans Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 25. Elegans, neat.
P. 3-5 cm., bright rosy fiesh colour, soon becoming ochraceous at the
circumference, convex, then somewhat depressed, fleshy, thin, viscid;
everywhere densely granulate; margin tuberculosely striate when old.
St. 3-5 x 1 cm., white, becoming ochraceous at the somewhat thickened
base, rather rugulose. Gills whitish, becoming either wholly, or par-
tially orange ochre, attenuated behind, adnexed, or slightly rounded,
very crowded, equal, rarely furcate. Flesh white, becoming ochraceous
with age. Spores whitish in the mass, pale greenish hyaline or yellowish
under the microscope, globose, 8-10/z, strongly echinulate, 1-guttulate.
Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 50 x 8-9 JJL" Rick. Taste acrid when old.
Coniferous woods. Sept. Uncommon.
462 RUSSULA
1512. R. serotina Quel. Cke. lUus. no. 1003, t. 1042, lower figs.
Serotina, late.
P. 2-3 cm., violet, lilac, bistre, or olivaceous, margin lilac with the
extreme edge white, globose, then plane, white pruinose at first. St.
2-3 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, minutely pubescent, equal. Gills white,
then tinged yellowish, adnate, crowded. Flesh white. Spores pale
ochraceous, globose, 7/x, echinulate. Taste acrid. Beech woods, and
on old willow, and poplar stumps. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
III. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, separable at the margin and possess-
ing cystidia. Margin subacute, rarely striate in old age. Flesh
firm. Taste mild. Gills attenuated in front, often forked and un-
equal. Spores verrucose, small, white in the mass.
1513. R. cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1007, t. 1076.
Kvavos, blue; £ai>66<>, yellow.
P. 5-15 cm., lilac, or purplish, then olivaceous green, disc commonly
becoming pale, often yellowish, margin commonly becoming azure-blue,
or livid-purple, convex, then plane and depressed, or infundibuliform,
viscid, sometimes wrinkled, or streaked. St. 5-9 x 2-3 cm., white,
rarely tinged with lilac, elastic, equal. Gills shining white, rounded be-
hind, connected by veins, forked, broad, not much crowded. Flesh
white, purple or reddish under the pellicle. Spores white, globose,
7-10/u,, verrucose. Cystidia abundant, conical, 70-80 x 7-8//,. Taste
pleasant. Edible. June — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1514. R. fflacea Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 1004, t. 1054.
Lilacea, lilac-coloured.
P. 4-8 cm., violet, or lilac, often brownish, margin becoming whitish,
convex, then depressed, thin, viscid ; margin striate, thin. St. 4-6 x
1-5-2 cm., white, often rosy at the base, corticate, fragile, apex pruinose,
wrinkled-striate. Gills white, free, ventricose, connected by veins,
often forked. Flesh white, violet under the pellicle. Spores white, sub-
globose, 8-9 fj,, verrucose. Smell pleasant, of apple. Taste mild.
Edible. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1515. R. citrina Gillet. Cke. Illus. no. 1031, t. 1078.
Citrina, lemon yellow.
P. 5-10 cm., bright citron yellow, colour usually uniform, sometimes
paler at the margin, occasionally with a greenish tint, disc at length be-
coming pale ochraceous, convex, then more or less depressed in the
centre, slightly viscid, pellicle separable; margin thin, becoming
tuberculosely striate with age. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, equal, or
slightly attenuated at the base, striate. Gills white, slightly decurrent,
forked at the base, and sometimes also near the middle, attenuated
at both ends. Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 7-8/n, verrucose.
RUSSULA
jf 463
Cystidia abundant, conical, 50-60 x 7-8/4. Taste mild, becoming
acrid. Woods, and heaths. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1516. R. fingibilis Britz. Cke. Illus. no. 1030, t. 1048.
Fingibilis, imaginary.
P. 5 cm., yellow, disc darker, convex, then plane or depressed,
fleshy at the disc, viscid. St. 2-5-4 x 1 cm., white, equal, soft. Gills
white, narrowed behind, almost free, rather crowded, unequal, thin.
Flesh white. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9x7/4, minutely
echinulate. Taste mild. Amongst grass under trees. July. Un-
common.
1517. R. furcata (Pers.) Fr. (= Russula bifida (Bull.) Schroet.) Barla,
Champ. Nice, t. 16, figs. 1-9. Furcata, forked.
P. 6-12 cm., green, becoming somewhat ochraceous at the disc with
age, convex, then plane or depressed, sometimes infundibuliform,
fleshy, viscid in wet weather, polished in dry weather; margin thin.
St. 4-6 x 1-5-2 cm., white, equal, or attenuated downwards, firm.
Gills shining white, sometimes becoming spotted with brown when old,
attenuated at both ends, adnato-decurrent, forked from the base, more
rarely higher up, somewhat distant, rather thick. Flesh white, brown-
ish under the separable pellicle. Spores white, globose, 6-8/4, minutely
verrucose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia clavate, 45-60 x 8-1 1 p. Taste mild,
becoming slightly bitter when old especially in the gills. Woods, and
lawns. Aug. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
var. pictipes Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 979, t. 1086.
Pictus. painted; pes, foot.
Differs from the type in the slightly striate margin of the pileus, in
the stem being rosy at the apex and tinted with green at the base, and in
the rosy flesh beneath the cuticle of the pileus. Woods and under trees.
Aug. — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. ochroviridis Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 980, t. 1100.
w^po?, pale yellow; viridis, green.
Differs from the type in the paler greenish ochre pileus, the narrower
gills, rugose stem, and fuliginous flesh when cut. Woods. Aug.
1518. R. mitisRea. Mitis, mild.
P. 6-8 cm., disc yellowish, surrounded by purplish mouse colour, or
pale rose and purple, becoming yellowish towards the circumference,
convex, then piano-expanded and depressed, spongy but firm, viscid,
pellicle easily separable; margin thin, pellucidly striate, tuberculate
when old. St. 4-5 x 1-5 cm., white, attenuated downwards, rugulose.
Gills white, then tinged faint straw colour, adnate, attenuated at both
ends, branched from the base or higher up, scarcely any intermediate
464 RUSSULA
ones, veined at the base. Flesh white, somewhat rust colour at the base
of the stem, ochraceous under the pellicle. Spores white, globose, 6/u,,
verrucose. Taste mild. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1519. R. heterophylla Fr. (= Russula livida (Pers.) Schroet.) Cke.
Illus. no. 1010, t. 1045. erepo?, different; (f>v\\ov, leaf.
P. 5-8 cm., greenish or yellowish brown, disc becoming ochraceous,
very variable in colour but never becoming reddish or purple, fleshy,
firm, convex, then plane and depressed; margin thin, sometimes
densely but slightly striate. St. 2-5 x 1-5-2-5 cm., shining white,
equal, or attenuated at the base, firm, delicately striate. Gills shining
white, decurrent, very narrow, very crowded, thin, often forked. Flesh
white. Spores white, globose, 6-7 /z, verrucose. Cystidia "on edge
of gill filiform-clavate, often constricted and capitate, 50-60 x
7-9^" Rick. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. July— Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
1520. R. galochroa Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1011, t. 1089.
<yd\a, milk; %pc6?, colour.
P. 4-6 cm., milk white, then greenish, convex, then plane, viscid in
wet weather, sometimes sprinkled with white floccose spots; margin
sometimes striate. St. 2-5-5 x 1-1-5 cm., white, firm. Gills white,
adnate, crowded, narrow, more or less forked. Flesh white. Spores
white, globose, 6-7 /A, verrucose. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1521. R. virginea Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1197, t. 1197.
Virginea, maidenly.
Entirely pure white. P. 5 cm., convex then depressed, fleshy, firm,
viscid when moist, polished when dry. St. 5 x 2 cm., attenuated up-
wards, firm, finely rugulose. Gills subdecurrent, very narrow, 1-2 mm.
wide, repeatedly forked, connected by veins, brittle, crowded. Spores
white, globose, 4ju,, minutely apiculate at the base, almost smooth.
Cystidia none. Taste mild. Woods. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
IV. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, more or less separable, possessing
cystidia, yellowish, ochraceous, or brownish, sometimes olivaceous
brown, never red or violet. Margin straight, more or less striate,
subacute. Taste acrid. Spores pure white, or cream.
1522. R. foetens (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1015, t. 1046.
Foetens, stinking.
P. 8-15 cm., dingy yellow, often becoming pale, thinly fleshy, globose,
then expanded and depressed, rigid, viscid in wet weather; margin
broadly membranaceous, at first incurved, at length tuber culately-
striate. St. 5-9 x 1-3 cm., whitish, ventricose. Gills whitish, or straw
colour, often dingy when bruised, at the first exuding watery drops,
RUSSULA 465
adnexed, crowded, connected by veins, often forked. Flesh white,
then ochraceous. Spores pale ochraceous, subglobose, 8-11 x 8-9 /it,
echinulate. Cystidia clavate, often slightly constricted below the
apex, 45-50 x 8-10/i, contents yellowish. Smell very strong. Taste
acrid. Woods. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1523. R. consobrina Fr. (= Russula livescens (Batsch) Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 1012, t. 1055. Consobrina, cousin.
P. 7-12 cm., dark cinereous, or fuscous olivaceous, fleshy, fragile,
campanulate, then expanded, at length depressed, viscid; margin
membranaceous. St. 5-8 x 2—2-5 cm., white, at length becoming
cinereous, equal. Gills white, then greyish, free, forked, broad, crowded,
thick. Flesh white, cinereous under the pellicle. Spores pale ochraceous,
globose, 10/A, verrucose. Smell faint, taste very acrid. Coniferous
woods. July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. sororia (Larb.) Fr. (= Russula consobrina Fr. var. intermedia
Cke.) Fr. Icon. t. 173, fig. 1. Sororia, sisterly.
Differs from the type in the striate margin of the pileus, and in the
subdistant gills, connected by veins. Woods, and pastures. July — Oct.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1524. R. pectinata (Bull.) Fr. (= Russula consobrina Fr. var. sororia
(Larb.) Cke.) Cke. lUus. no. 1024, t. 1101.
Pectinata, like the teeth of a comb.
P. 4-8 cm., toast brown, becoming pale tan, disc always darker,
fleshy, viscid, rigid, convex, then flattened and depressed, or concavo-
infundibuliform; margin thin, tuberculately-sulcate. St. 3-5 x 1-
2-5 cm., shining white, equal, or attenuated at the base, rigid, sub-
striate longitudinally. Gills whitish, attenuato-free, broader towards
the margin, equal, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, light yellowish
under the pellicle. Spores pale ochraceous, subglobose, 6-8 x 6-7 /n,
verrucose. Cystidia sparse, conico-cylindrical, 40-50 x 8-13/n, obtuse.
Smell unpleasant. Taste very acrid. Woods, and pastures. Aug. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1525. R. ochroleuca (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1025, t. 1049.
&>%/009, sallow; \evic6s, white.
P. 3-9 cm., yellow, becoming pale, convex, then flattened or de-
pressed, polished, viscid. St. 4-7 x 1-5-2 cm., white, becoming
cinereous, firm, equal, sometimes enlarged at the base, slightly re-
ticulately rugose. Gills white, becoming pale, rounded behind, free,
broader in front, somewhat equal, fragile. Flesh white, yellowish under
the pellicle. Spores white, globose, 8-11 /LI, echinulate. Smell pleasant,
taste acrid. Cystidia conical, 55-70 x 8-10)Li. Beech, and coniferous
woods. July — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
B, B. B. 30
466 RUSSULA
var. claro-flava (Grove) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1198, t. 1196.
Clarus, bright ;flavus, yellow.
Differs from the type in the bright chrome-yellow pileus, and in the
gills becoming pale lemon-yellow. Amongst grass in damp places.
var. granulosa (Cke.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 1026, t. 1038.
Granulosa, mealy.
Differs from the type in the cuticle of the pileus and stem breaking
up into minute granules, which are snow-white at the apex of the stem,
fuscousbelow. Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1526. R. fellea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 173, fig. 2. Fellea, full of gall.
Entirely straw-colour. P. 3-9 cm., often with a deeper yellowish tinge,
disc darker, thinly fleshy, convex, then plane, viscid; margin striate
when old. St. 5-6 x 1-2-5 cm., equal. Gills exuding watery drops, then
spotted with yellow, adnate, crowded, thin, narrow, forked, obsoletely
connected by veins. Flesh whitish, then concolorous with the gills.
Spores very pale ochraceous, globose, 8/x,, echinulate, 1-guttulate.
Cystidia conical, 55-65 x 7-9/A. Taste very acrid and bitter. Beech
woods. Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1527. R. subfoetens W. G. Smith. Cke. Illus. no. 1016, t. 1047.
Sub, some what ;foetens, stinking.
P. 4-8 cm., yellowish white, then ochraceous, especially on the disc,
firm, rigid, convex, then plane or depressed, viscid; margin thin,
translucid, tuberculately sulcate. St. 5-6 x 1-2-5 cm., white, becoming
tinged with yellow, subequal, or attenuated at the base, firm. Gills
white, becoming yellow, adnate, thick, distant, narrow, branched.
Flesh white. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 /A, echinulate. Smell
somewhat disagreeable, taste slightly acrid. Grassy places, and on
lawns under beeches. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
V. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, more or less separable, possessing
numerous cystidia, purplish. Margin straight, acute, somewhat
striate. Gills more or less unequal and forked, generally narrow
and acutely attenuated in front, often adnate. Flesh firm. Taste
acrid. Spores white cream, or ochraceous yellow in mass.
1528. R. sanguinea (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 981, t. 1019.
Sanguinea, bloody.
P. 5-9 cm., blood-red, or becoming pale round the spreading acute
margin, fleshy, firm, convex, obtuse, then depressed and infundibuli-
form, disc generally gibbous, polished, moist in damp weather. St.
4—10 x 1-2 cm., reddish, rarely white, at first contracted at the apex,
then equal, firm, wrinkled striate, pruinose. Gills white, then cream
colour, decurrent, rarely forked, crowded, narrow, connected by veins,
RUSSULA 467
fragile. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle, cheesy. Spores pale
ochraceous, subglobose, 6-7 x Q/JL, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia
conical, 55-65 x 10-12/x. Taste acrid. Woods especially pine. Aug. —
Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1529. R. rosacea (Pers.) Fr. Rosacea, rosy.
P. 4-10 cm., rosy flesh colour, varying in intensity, becoming whitish,
variegated with darker spots when dry, convex, then plane and um-
bilicate, or flexuose and incised, often irregular, compactly fleshy,
firm, viscid', margin acute. St. 4-5 x 2 cm., white, or reddish, equal,
or attenuated at the base, occasionally ventricose, pruinose. Gills
white, often coloured reddish on the edge near the margin of the pileus,
adnate, fairly broad, forked, edge unequal. Flesh white, reddish under
the pellicle, cheesy. Spores white, globose, 8/n, echinulate, 1-guttulate.
Taste acrid. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1530. R. drimeia Cke. (= Russula expallens Gill.) Cke. Illus. no. 988,
t. 1023. Spifj,vs, pungent.
P. 5-11 cm., bright purple to dark rose colour, becoming decoloured
with age, convex, then expanded and more or less depressed, scarcely
viscid when moist, opaque when dry, compact, firm; margin incurved,
slightly striate when old. St. 5-10 x 1-3 cm., tinged with purple,
equal, firm, sometimes rather mealy. Gills pale sulphur yellow, then
deeper yellow, adnexed, scarcely crowded, narrow, furcate at the base.
Flesh yellowish, then white, reddish under the cuticle of the p. and st.
Spores pale ochraceous, subglobose, 8-9 x 8/i, verrucose, or slightly
echinulate. Cystidia fusiform, 50-65 x 8-10jLt. Taste very acrid.
Coniferous woods. Sept. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. Queletii (Fr.) Bataille. Cke. lUus. no. 1019, t. 1028.
Lucien Quelet, the eminent French mycologist.
Differs from the type in the white or wax coloured gills which exud
drops that on drying leave azure-blue-cinereous, or pallid olivaceous
spots. Woods. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1531. R. rubra (Krombh.) Bres. (non Lam. et DC.). Fung. Trid. t. 203.
Rubra, red.
P. 4-10 cm., red, rosy or whitish at the margin, fleshy, convex then
plane and depressed, dry, sometimes somewhat pruinose St. 3-5-
7 x 1-3 cm., white, often becoming somewhat cinereous with age, equal,
often attenuated or incrassated at the base, rugulose. Gills white, then
ochraceous, sinuato-adnexed, or rounded behind, crowded or some-
what crowded, forked, connected by veins. Flesh white, rosy under
the cuticle. Spores ochraceous, subglobose, 8-9 x 7-8^, verrucose or
slightly echinulate. Cystidia clavate, 60-70 x 6-10/x,. Smell pleasant,
taste very acrid. Deciduous woods. Aug. — Oct. Notuncommon. (v.v.)
30—2
468 RUSSTJLA
VI. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, generally separable, possessing
numerous cystidia, red or purple. Margin rounded, generally striate.
Flesh fragile. Taste acrid. Gills generally equal, fragile, rounded
in front, free. Spores pure white, rarely cream- white in mass.
1532. R. fragilis (Pers.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1028, t. 1091.
Fragilis, brittle.
P. 3-5 cm., flesh colour, or red, changing colour, convex, often um-
bonate, then plane and depressed, very thin, fleshy only at the disc,
slightly viscid; margin very thin, tuberculoso-striate. St. 4-5 x 1 cm.,
white, very fragile, pruinose, often slightly striate. Gills shining white,
slightly adnexed, very thin, crowded, ventricose, all equal. Flesh white.
Spores white, subglobose, 7-9 x 7-8/j,, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cys-
tidia "sparse, with a short lanceolate point, 60-70 x 10-12/i" Rick.
Taste very acrid. Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. nivea (Pers.) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1029, t. 1060, fig. B.
Nivea, snow-white.
Differs from the type in the white pileus. Woods. Aug. — Nov. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
var. fallax (Schaeff.) Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1023, t. 1059, as Russula
fallax Schaeff. Fallax, deceptive.
Differs from the type in the olivaceous disc of the pileus. Woods.
Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1533. R. violacea Quel. (= Agaricus fragilis violascens Seer.) Cke.
Illus. no. 1029, t. 1060, fig. A, as Russula fragilis Fr. var.
violacea Quel. Violacea, violet.
P. 3-5 cm., bright violet, with a narrow whitish margin, often spotted
with yellow, green, or olive, convex, then plane and depressed, thin,
viscid, striate. St. 3-4 x -5—1 cm., white, fragile, striate, pruinose.
Gills white, adnate, crowded, thin. Flesh white. Spores pale straw in
the mass, globose, 8-9/Lt, verrucose. Smell "of laudanum" Quel. Taste
very acrid. Woods. Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1534. R. emetica (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1021, t. 1030.
efierifcrj, provoking sickness.
P. 4-10 cm., rosy, then blood colour, tawny when old, sometimes be-
coming yellow, and at length white, campanulate, then flattened, or
depressed, polished, sometimes rugulose ; margin at length tubercularly
sulcate. St. 3-7 x 1-1-5 cm., white, or reddish, rigid. Gills shining
white, free, or adnate, broad, subdistant. Flesh white, reddish under
the separable pellicle. Spores white, globose, 8/x,, echinulate, 1-guttu-
late. Cystidia "lanceolate, 60-75 x 12-18/n, not very abundant"
Eick. Taste very acrid. Beech woods, and under beeches. July —
Dec. Common, (v.v.)
RUSSULA 469
var. Clusii Fr. Vitt. t. 38, fig. 1, as Agaricus emeticm.
Clusius, one of the earliest illustrators of fungi.
Differs from the type in the gills and flesh becoming yellow. Woods.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1535. R. luteo-tacta Eea. (= Russula sardonia Bres. non Fr.) Bres.
Fung. Trid. t. 94, as Russula sardonia Fr.
Luteus, yellow; tacta, touched.
P. 4-7 cm., rosy, or blood-red, soon becoming whitish in places and
spotted with yellow, convex, then plane and depressed, fleshy. St.
4-5 x 1-1-5 cm., white, or rosy, spotted with yellow, equal, rugose.
Gills white, exuding watery drops in wet weather, then spotted with
yellow, becoming yellowish when cut or bruised, adnate, crowded, some-
what forked. Flesh white, tinged yellowish when cut or bruised, reddish
under the cuticle. Spores white, globose, 6-8 /x, echinulate, 1-guttulate.
Taste very acrid. Woods, and parks. Aug. — Oct. Notuncommon. (v.v.)
1536. R. atropurpurea (Krombh.) Maire. (= Russula rubra Cke. non
Fr.; Russula depallens Cke. an Fr.?; Russula purpurea Gill.;
Russula Clusii Bataille, an Fr.? Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 997,
t. 1087. Ater, black; purpurea, purple.
P. 5-9 cm., deep blood-red, almost black at the disc, and often yellowish
at first at the margin, hemispherical, then convexo-plane, and finally
depressed or infundibuliform, fleshy, firm, viscid, slightly rugosely
wrinkled ; margin thin, hardly striate in old age, often exceeding the
gills. St. 4-7 x 1-3 cm., white, unchangeable, or sometimes becoming
slightly stained with ochraceous brown, sometimes rosy in the middle,
base ochraceous, firm, somewhat equal, slightly rugoso-striate, apex
pruinose. Gills white, then yellowish, sinuato-free, attenuated behind,
broader in front, equal, rather crowded. Flesh whitish, either un-
changeable, or becoming slightly stained with ochraceous brown, reddish
purple under the cuticle. Spores pure white, subglobose, 9 x 8/x, verru-
cose, 1-guttulate. Smell slight, pleasant. Taste either mild, or acrid.
Woods, and under conifers. Aug. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
var. depallens (Cke.) Maire. Cke. Illus. no. 985, t. 1021.
Depallens, becoming pale.
Differs from the type in the pileus soon loosing its colour, and in
the stem and flesh becoming grey with age. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
VII. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, separable, possessing cystidia,
variously coloured. Margin rounded, generally striate. Flesh fragile.
Gills equal, fragile, rounded in front, free or somewhat free. Spores
cream ochraceous, or yellow ochraceous in the mass (rarely whitish
yellow in the mass but then the taste is mild, or only slightly acrid
when young and the pileus is never red).
470 RUSSULA
*Flesh becoming black, taste mild or slightly acrid when young.
1537. R. decolorans Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1039, t. 1079.
Decolorans, discolouring.
P. 5-10 cm., orange-red, then light yellow, and becoming pale,
spherical, then expanded and depressed, remarkably regular, fleshy,
viscid; margin thin, at length striate. St. 6-10 x 1-2 cm., white, be-
coming cinereous, cylindrical, often rugoso- striate. Gills white, then
yellowish, adnexed, often in pairs, thin, crowded, fragile. Flesh white,
becoming cinereous when broken, especially in the stem, and more or
less variegated with black spots when old. Spores ochraceous, elliptical,
"11-13 x 8-9 /u," Maire, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse,
subulate, 50-60 x 6-8 jit" Rick. Taste mild, then slightly acrid. Edible.
Coniferous woods, and peat bogs. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon.
**Flesh not becoming black, taste mild, or
somewhat acrid when young.
1538. R. Integra (Linn.) Bataille. Integra, entire.
P. 8-12 cm., bay, brown, or olivaceous, becoming pale, convex, then
plane, fleshy, firm, viscid; margin thin, becoming tuberculately striate.
St. 9-10 x 2-3 cm., white, clavate, or ventricose, fragile, wrinkled-
striate. Gills white, then mealy and ochraceous cream, free, very broad,
connected by veins. Flesh white. Spores ochraceous cream in mass,
subglobose, 8-10 x 7-9 /A, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "clavate
apex obtuse, 50-60 x 10-15/x" Rick. Smell pleasant, taste mild, then
slightly acrid. Edible. Coniferous woods. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1539. R. Romellii Maire. (= Russula olivascens Quel. sec. Maire.)
Cke. Illus. no. 1036, 1. 1034, no. 1037, 1. 1093, as Russula integra
Linn. ; no. 1038, t. 1094, as Russula integra Linn. var. alba Cke.
Lars Romell, the eminent Swedish mycologist.
P. 8-15 cm., reddish, purple, violet, becoming olivaceous, isabelline,
whitish, convex, then plane and more or less depressed, soft, fragile,
viscid, disc often streaked with innate fibrils; margin rounded, often
striate, rarely tuberculoso-striate. St. 6-9 x 1-5-2 cm., white, pruinose,
becoming glabrous, somewhat cylindrical, wrinkled-striate, sometimes
distinctly corticate. Gills white, at length light yellow, somewhat
ochraceous-pulverulent with the spores, free or somewhat adnate, very
broad, equal, somewhat distant, rarely forked, or unequal, more or
less connected by veins. Flesh white, rarely slightly violaceous under
the cuticle. Spores deep yellow ochre in the mass, yellow under the
microscope, elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 p, marked with anastomosing ridges
and spines. Cystidia often with an appendage, 60-90 x 8-10/i. Smell
weak, taste pleasant. Deciduous woods. June — Nov. Common.
RUSSULA 471
1540. R. erythropus (Fr.) Peltereau. epvdpbs, red; TTOV?, foot.
P. 8-16 cm., dark blood-red, disc darker, decolouring very slightly
with age, never tinted ochraceous or olivaceous, convex, then de-
pressed, firm, dull, unpolished; margin slightly striate when old. St.
6-10 x 2-3 cm., rose-red, rarely rose-red on one side only, firm, equal.
Gills white, then deep ochraceous, very broad, attenuated near the stem,
rounded near the margin of the pileus. Spores ochraceous, globose,
8-10 x 8-9/i, echinulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Aug. — Oct. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
1541. R. xerampelina (Schaefl.) Fr. (= Russula Barlae Cke. sec.
Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 1000, t. 1074, upper figs.
^pa/jLTreXivo^, of the colour of withered vine leaves.
P. 6-12 cm., rosy purple, disc becoming pale, yellowish white, some-
times inclining to olivaceous, convex, then flattened, at length de-
pressed, fleshy, compact, without a distinct pellicle, slightly viscid at
first, then very slightly rimulose, so that the cuticle under a lens is very
thinly granular or punctate; margin spreading. St. 4—8 x 1-5-2-5 cm.,
white, or reddish, equal, or thickened at the base, firm. Gills whitish,
then yellowish, adnexed, broader in front, forked behind, somewhat
crowded. Flesh white, becoming brownish with age. Spores pale ochra-
ceous, globose, 7-9 /A, echinulate. Cystidia obtusely conical, 68-78 x
10-12/x. Smell strong, when old like crab. Taste mild. Edible. Woods.
July— Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1542. R. cutifracta Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 992, t. 1024.
Cutis, skin;/roc£a, broken.
P. 7-12 cm., purple, green, or dull red, convex, then a little de-
pressed in the centre, fleshy, firm, dry, pulverulent, dull, viscid in wet
weather, opaque, cuticle sometimes cracking from the margin inwards
into minute firmly adnate areolae. St. 6-8 x 2-5 cm., white, often
slightly tinged with purple or rose on one side, nearly equal, or a little
attenuated above, firm. Gills white, then cream, adnexed, or nearly
free, narrowed behind, furcate, somewhat crowded, often tinted yellow
on the cracks at the edge. Flesh white, tinged with purple under the
cuticle. Spores ochraceous, globose, 10/u,, marked with anastomosing
ridges and spines. Taste mild. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1543. R. grisea (Pers.) Bres. (= Russula palumbina Quel.) Trans.
Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 13. Grisea, grey.
P. 6-9 cm., greyish lilac, or bluish grey, mixed with rose, yellow, or
olive, then becoming greenish, convex, then expanded and depressed,
fleshy, fragile, slightly viscid, shining when dry. St. 8-10 x 2-3 cm.,
white, fragile, rugoso-striate. Gills cream colour, with a tint of apricot
fiesh colour, adnate, sometimes forked, broadest towards the margin.
472 BUSSULA
Flesh white, lilac beneath the thin, separable pellicle. Spores ochra-
ceous, elliptical, 8 x 7/x, echinulate. Taste mild, slightly acrid in the
gills of young specimens. Cystidia "lanceolate, 60-90 x 10-15^i"
Rick. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. Sept. — Oct. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
1544. R. graminicolor (Seer.) Quel. (= Russula aeruginea (Lindb.)
Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 173, fig. 3, as Russula aeruginea Lindb.
Gramen, grass; color, colour.
P. 5-14 cm., aeruginous-green, disc darker, slightly brownish bistre,
convex, then plane and depressed, fleshy, fragile, pellicle separable ;
margin paler, striate. St. 5-12 x 2-5-4 cm., white, firm, equal, or
attenuated at the base, rugose. Gills white, then cream, sometimes
spotted with brown when old, slightly adnexed, attenuated behind,
broad in front, often connate two by two at the base. Flesh white,
fragile. Spores cream colour in the mass, elliptical, 5-8 x 6- 7/n, echinu-
late. Cystidia "abundant, lanceolate, 69-95 x 8-12/z, granular in
the upper part" Rick. Taste acrid when young, then only in the
gills when old. Under birches, and in pine woods. May — Oct. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
1545. R. chamaeleontina Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1054, t. 1098.
^afjLai\ea)v, the chameleon.
P. 2-5— 4 cm., flesh colour, rosy blood-red, purplish lilac, then soon
changing colour, becoming yellow at the disc, and at length wholly yelloir,
soon plane, thinly fleshy, viscid, pellicle separable; margin slightly
striate when old. St. 2-6 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, equal, pruinose,
slightly striate, fragile. Gills light yellow, then darker yellow, more or
less adnexed, thin, crowded, equal. Flesh white, fragile. Spores ochra-
ceous, globose, 6-7 jit, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, subu-
late, 50-60 x 8-10/4 " Rick. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and downs.
Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1546. R. roseipes (Seer.) Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 40.
Rosens, rosy; pes, foot.
P. 4-7 cm., rosy flesh colour, rosy orange, or rosy with a tinge of ochre,
at first with whitish spots, at length blanched, convex, then plane
and depressed, fleshy, viscid, soon dry; margin thin, becoming some-
what tuberculosely striate. St. 3-6 cm. x 8-15 mm., white, either en-
tirely or here and there sprinkled with rosy meal, equal. Gills whitish,
then ochraceous egg-yellow, edge often rosy, free, rounded and furcate
behind, equal, or a few dimidiate, rather crowded, sometimes with
an adnate tooth, ventricose, connected by veins. Flesh whitish, then
becoming yellowish. Spores ochraceous, globose, 8-10/i, echinulate.
Cystidia fusiform, 60 x 8/u,. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible
Beech, and pine woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
RUSSTJLA 473
***Flesh not becoming black, taste distinctly acrid.
1547. R. veternosa Fr. Bres. Fung, manger, t. 75.
Veternosa, languid.
P. 5-8 cm., rose, or flesh colour, soon becoming pale, commonly
whitish or yellowish at the disc, convex, then plane and depressed in
the middle, slightly fleshy, viscid, pellicle adnate. St. 5-8 cm. x
12 mm., white, often tinged with rose towards the base, fragile, equal.
Gills white, then bright yellow, adnate, narrowed behind, broader in
front. Flesh white, soft. Spores ochraceous, subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 p,
echinulate. Cystidia "lanceolate, 45-70 x 9-15/n, shorter on the
edge of the gill" Rick. Taste acrid. Woods, and heaths. Aug. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
1548. R. nauseosa (Pers.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 129.
Nauseosa, nauseous.
P. 3-5 cm., variable in colour, typically purplish at the disc, then
livid, but becoming pale and often whitish, piano-gibbous, then de-
pressed, viscid, laxly fleshy; margin submembranaceous, tuberculoso-
sulcate. St. 2-3 cm. x 8 mm., white, becoming grey with age, fragile,
slightly striate. Gills light yellow, then dingy ochraceous, adnexed,
ventricose, somewhat distant. Flesh white. Spores yellow, subglobose,
7-10)Lt, verrucosely echinulate. Cystidia "fusiform, 50-55 x 10/z"
Bres. Smell often unpleasant, taste mild, then acrid. Coniferous
woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
var.flavida Cke. = Russula lutea (Huds.) Fr.
1549. R. puellaris Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 64. Puellaris, girlish.
P. 2-5-6 cm., livid purplish, becoming yellowish, disc brown, conic-
ally convex, then flattened or depressed, membranaceous except
at the disc, viscid, margin tuberculosely-striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 7-
10 mm., white, becoming yellowish, and stained brownish when touched,
attenuated upwards, rugulose. Gills white, then pallid yellow, adnate,
attenuated behind, thin, crowded. Flesh white, ochraceous at the base
of the stem. Spores ochraceous, subglobose, 8-10 x 7-8 /z, echinulate,
1-guttulate. Cystidia abundant, conical, 50-65 x 9-11/n. Taste mild,
then slightly acrid. Woods, and damp places. Aug. — Oct. Common.
(v.v.)
var. intensior Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1047, t. 1066. Intensior, deeper.
Differs from the type in the darker, deep purple p., nearly black at
the disc.
1550. R. nitida (Pers.) Fr. (= Russula nitida Fr. var. cuprea Cke.)
Krombh. t. 66, figs. 1-3. Nitida, shining.
P. 3-6 cm., bay-brown-purplish, disc darker, convex, then plane or
slightly depressed, thin, viscid, shining when dry; margin striate,
474 RUSSULA
somewhat tubercular. St. 5-7-5 x 1 cm., white, equal, or attenuated
downwards, rigid, minutely wrinkled, pruinose. Gills pallid, then
bright sulphur-yellow, adnexed, thin, crowded, equal. Flesh white.
Spores ochraceous, elliptical or globose, 7-9 x 7 jit, echinulate, 1-
guttulate. Cystidia conical, 60-70 x 10-12^. Smell none, or some-
what unpleasant. Taste mild, then acrid. Woods. July — Oct. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
var. pulchralis (Britz.) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1044, t. 1095, fig. A, as
Russula pulchralis Britz. Pulchralis, beautiful.
P. 4^8 cm., ochraceous, centre spotted with red or purple, convex,
then flattened and depressed, thin, viscid ; margin thin, deeply striate
and often split. St. 5-6 x 1-2 cm., white, fragile, equal, ventricose,
or thickened at the base. Gills whitish, then ochraceous yellow, broad,
distant, rather thick. Flesh white. Spores ochraceous, subglobose, 9 x
8fji, echinulate. Taste mild. Woods. July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1551. R. maculata Quel. Quel. Soc. bot. Fr. (1877), t. 5, fig. 8.
Maculata, spotted.
P. 5-9 cm., pale reddish flesh colour, then decoloured yellow or ivory
white, spotted with purple or brown, convex, then plane, thick, firm,
viscid; margin undulate, generally remaining red. St. 3-4 x 1-1-5 cm.,
white, rarely tinged with rose, at last spotted with red or bistre, firm,
polished, reticulately striate. Gills pale sulphur, then yellow apricot or
pink, attenuato-adnate, forked. Flesh white, fragile. Spores citron-
yellow, subglobose, 10/t, echinulate. Smell pleasant, like apple, or
sweet-briar. Taste mild, then acrid. Edible. Woods. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
1552. R. ochracea (A. & S.) Fr. Richon et Roze, t. 43, figs. 17-20.
0)^/309, pale yellow.
P. 6-7 cm., ochraceous, with a tinge of yellow, disc usually becoming
darker, convex, then plane or depressed, soft, viscid; margin thin,
sulcate. St. 3-4 x 1-1-5 cm., ochraceous, rarely white, equal, or thick-
ened at the base, striate. Gills concolorous, slightly adnexed, broad,
scarcely crowded. Flesh ochraceous. Spores ochraceous, globose,
9-lOjit, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "cylindrical, 50-60 x 7-8 /it,
rounded above" Rick. Taste mild, or slightly acrid. Pine, and mixed
woods. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
VIII. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, separable, destitute of cystidia.
Margin rounded, generally striate. Flesh fragile. Taste mild, rarely
acrid. Gills equal, or subequal, rounded in front, somewhat free.
Spores whitish cream to yellow ochre, rarely pure white.
1553. R. alutacea (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1048, t. 1096.
Alutacea, like tanned leather.
P. 5-18 cm., purple, or blood-red, tinted with olive, green, or bistre,
RUSSULA 475
sometimes entirely olivaceous, convex, then plane or depressed, fleshy,
rigid, slightly viscid, pellicle separable, soon dry; margin thin, at
length tuberculosely striate. St. 5-12 x 2-5 cm., white, generally reddish
at the apex or on one side, sometimes yellowish at the base, firm, equal.
Gills pallid light yellow, soon becoming ochraceous egg-yellow, at first
free, thick, very broad, equal, somewhat distant. Flesh white, firm,
becoming soft with age. Spores deep ochre yellow in the mass, yellow
under the microscope, subglobose, 10 x Qfj,, verrucose, 1-guttulate.
Cystidia "sparse, cylindrical-fusiform, 60-75 x 8-10 ja" Rick. Taste
pleasant, nutty. Edible. Woods, especially beech. July — Oct. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
var. purpurata Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 96.
Purpurata, clad in purple.
Differs from the type in the light purple p. and st. Coniferous woods.
Aug. — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. olivascens (Fr.) Rea. Fr. Icon. t. 172, fig. 2, as Russula olivascens
Pers. Olivascens, becoming olive coloured.
P. 6-10 cm., olivaceous, becoming yellowish at the disc, convex, then
expanded and umbilicate, fleshy, rigid. St. 3-7 x 1-5-2 cm., white,
firm, equal. Gills cream colour, then yellowish, slightly adnexed, nar-
rowed behind, broader in front, nearly equal, rarely forked. Flesh
white. Spores deep ochraceous, globose, 9-10/x, echinulate. Taste mild,
then slightly acrid. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1554. R. aurata (With.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1041, t. 1080.
Aurata, golden.
P. 5-9 cm., varying lemon-yellow, orange or red, disc darker, convex,
then plane, or depressed, fleshy, rigid, viscid in wet weather; margin
thin, slightly striate when old. St. 5-9 x 1-5 cm., white, tinged with
lemon yellow especially towards the base, equal, or attenuated down-
wards, firm, obsoletely striate. Gills whitish, inclining to light yellow,
vivid lemon-yellow at the edge, rounded, free, equal, connected by veins,
sometimes forked behind. Flesh lemon-yeilow under the separable
pellicle, yellowish, then white below. Spores ochraceous, globose, 8-9 p,
marked with ridges and spines, 1-guttulate. Cystidia on edge of gill
abundant, cylindrical-fusiform, 55-70 x 8-12/*, apex obtuse, contents
yellowish. Smell pleasant. Taste mild, or very slowly acrid. Edible.
Woods. June — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1555. R. fusca Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 1000, t. 1074, bottom fig., as
Russula xerampelina Schaeff. Fusca, dark.
P. 6-8 cm., ochraceous brown, speckled, darker at the disc, convex,
then infundibuliform, fleshy, viscid. St. 4-6 x 2 cm., milk-white,
rigid, at length slightly wrinkled. Gills milk-white, then ochraceous
476 RTJSSULA
cream, or yellow wax colour, sinuate, adnate by a tooth, forked, con-
nected by veins. Flesh white-cream, firm. Spores white-cream colour
in the mass, elliptical, 9/x,. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Coni-
ferous woods, and under conifers. Sept. Rare.
1556. R. vesca Fr. (= Russula rosea (Schaeff.) Quel.) Sverig. atl.
Svamp. t. 63. Vescor, I feed.
P. 2-11 cm., red flesh colour, disc darker, fleshy, firm, convex, then
piano-depressed, slightly wrinkled with veins, viscid ; margin at length
spreading. St. 2-8 x 1-3 cm., shining white, often foxed with age,
equal, often attenuated downwards, rugosely striate. Gills whitish,
adnate, rather narrow, thin, crowded, connected by veins. Flesh white,
foxing when cut or bruised. Spores white, globose, 8— 9//,, echinulate.
Cystidia flask-shaped, apex elongate, obtuse, 2'5-3/z in diam.,
35-60 x 8-10/i. Smell none, or unpleasant like crab. Taste mild.
Edible. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. Duportii (Phill.) Massee. Cke. lUus. no. 1003, t. 1042, fig. A, as
Russula Duportii Phill.
Rev. Canon J. M. Du Port, an enthusiastic mycologist.
P. 4-6-5 cm., disc rufous or flesh red, obtuse margin bluish, compact,
fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, then depressed, dry. St. 2-5-5 cm. x
10-16 mm., white, minutely striate. Gills white, rounded behind,
broad, distant. Flesh turning reddish brown when cut. Spores white,
globose, 9ju,, echinulate. Smell of crab. Woods. Sept.
1557. R. Barlae Quel.1 Quel. As. Fr. (1883), t. 6, fig. 12.
J. B. Barla, the eminent mycologist of Nice.
P. 6-9 cm., yellow apricot, or bright nankeen yellow, tinged with orange
passing into rosy flesh colour, convex, then plane, or infundibuliform,
compact, slightly viscid, cuticle separable, often cracked. St. 4-5 x
1-1-5 cm., cream colour, then streaked with bistre, firm, wrinkled striate,
silky pruinose. Gills cream colour, then saffron yellow with a tinge of
rosy flesh colour, sinuate, free. Flesh white. Spores cream colour,
globose, 9/n, verrucose. Smell pleasant, like melilot ("mousse de
Corse" Barla). Mountainous woods. Summer.
1558. R. punctata (Gill.) Maire. (= Russula amoena Quel. sec. Maire;
Russula punctata Gill. var. leucopus Cke.) Gillot et Lucand,
Catal. Champ. Autan, t. 2, fig. 3, as Russula amoena Quel.
Punctata, dotted.
P. 3-8 cm., rose, purple, purple-violaceous, lilac, often more or less
mixed with olive green or yellowish green, sometimes entirely greenish
olive, yellowish green, or yellow citron colour, fleshy, convex, then plane,
1 This is recorded as British by M. C. Cooke in Handbook?of British Fungi,
Ed. n, p. 335, but his diagnosis is referred by Rene Maire in Bull. Soc. Myc.
Fr. xxvn (1910), 172 to Russula xerampelina Fr.
RUSSULA 477
sometimes slightly depressed, either viscid, or dry, granularly mealy,
often punctate with deeper coloured granules ; margin sometimes some-
what sulcate when old. St. 3-5 x -5-1-5 cm., rose, purple, purple-
violaceous, often partially or quite white, equal, or obconic, pruinosely
mealy, sometimes rugosely stria te. Gills whitish cream, tJien cream
colour, adnate, or subadnate, edge sometimes purple, or purplish-
violaceous andfloccose, either throughout its length or near the margin
of the pileus only, thin, crowded, often forked at the base. Flesh
white, sometimes reddish near the cuticle of the pileus. Spores whitish
cream in the mass, somewhat hyaline under the microscope, elliptical,
7-5-9 x 7-8/z, verrucose, subreticulate. Gystidia rather rare, fusi-
form, or subclavate, sometimes with a short and broad appendage
at the apex, 90-130 x 13-15/u. Smell slight, or very pleasant. Taste
mild. Edible. Coniferous woods. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. violeipes (Quel.) Maire. Quel. Ass. Fr. (1897), 450, pro forma
R. citrinae. Violeus, violet; pes, foot.
Differs from the type in the citron yellow p. sometimes tinted lilac,
and the lilac, or white tinged with lilac stem. Coniferous woods. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1559. R. carnicolor Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 128, as Russula lilacea
Quel. var. carnicolor Bres. Caro, flesh; color, colour.
P. 3-7 cm., flesh colour, disc fuscous livid, then concolorous, fleshy,
convex, then plane and depressed, viscid; margin at length slightly
tuberculately striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, base sometimes
rosy, equal, subpruinose, somewhat rugulose. Gills shining white,
rounded behind, adnexed, forked, somewhat distant. Flesh white.
Spores white, subglobose, 6-8/x, echinulate. Smell and taste pleasant.
Edible. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1560. R. mustelina Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 976, 1. 1018.
Mustelina, pertaining to a weasel.
P. 5-10 cm., bright brown, or dingy yellowish, convex, then plane
and depressed, fleshy, firm, dry; margin at first incurved, minutely
tomentose, then straight. St. 4-6 x 1-5-2-5 cm., white, equal, some-
what rugose. Gills white, then cream colour, rounded behind, adnexed,
broad in front, connected by veins. Flesh white, ochraceous at the
margin. Spores ochraceous cream in the mass, hyaline under the
microscope, subglobose, 7-8/u,, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Taste pleasant.
Edible. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1561. R. caerulea Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 987, t. 1052.
Caerulea, azure-blue.
P. 5-8 cm., bright purple, or bluish purple, darker or sometimes
brownish at the umbonate disc, convex, then expanded, or somewhat
478 RUSSULA. LACTARIUS
depressed, umbonate, polished ; margin thin, at length slightly striate
with age. St. 5-11 x 1—2-5 cm., white, equal, firm. Gills yellowish,
adnate, equal, rounded at the apex. Flesh white, brownish, or pur-
plish under the cuticle. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 9-lOju, echinu-
late. Taste mild. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. Aug. — Oct.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1562. R. lutea (Huds.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1051, t. 1082.
Lutea, golden yellow.
P. 2-5 cm., yellow, at length becoming pale, and occasionally wholly
white, convex, then plane, or piano-depressed, thin, viscid; margin
sometimes obsoletely striate when old. St. 2-4 cm. x 6-8 mm., white,
equal, fragile. Gills ochraceous egg-yellow, somewhat free, connected
by veins, crowded, equal, thin. Flesh white. Spores ochraceous, globose,
8-9 p., echinulate. Cystidia "clavate, 45-50 x 10-12/z, with a blunt
apex" Rick. Smell pleasant, like apricots. Taste mild. Edible.
Woods, and lawns. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. armeniaca (Cke.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 1045, t. 1064, as Russula
armeniaca Cke.
Armeniaca, of Armenia, the native country of the apricot.
Differs from the type only in the rich apricot colour of the pileus.
Woods, and lawns. July — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
var. vitellina (Pers.) Bataille. Cke. Illus. no. 1052, t. 1102, fig. B, as
Russula vitellina (Pers.) Fr. Vitellina, egg-yellow.
Differs from the type in the egg-yellow colour, and tuberculately
striate margin of the pileus, the distant, saffron yellow gills, and the
strong unpleasant smell. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. Aug. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
R. Turci Bres.1
Latex milk-white, or coloured, rarely like serum.
Lactarius Fr.
(Lac, milk.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, rarely excentric, fleshy. Gills
adnate, or decurrent, somewhat rigid, milky, acute at the edge.
Spores white, or yellowish, rarely pinkish in the mass; globose, sub-
globose, or elliptical, echinulate, verrucose, punctate, or reticulate;
continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground,
more rarely on wood; solitary, or caespitose.
1 Bres. refers Cke.'s Illus. no. 1199, t. 1147, Russula nauseosa Fr. to this
species. There is no other British record of its occurrence.
LACTARIUS 479
I. St. central. Gills unchangeable, naked, not changing colour and
not pruinose. Milk at the first white, (commonly) acrid.
*P. viscid when moist, margin at first involute, tomentose.
1563. L. scrobiculatus (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 922, t. 971.
Scrobiculatus, pitted.
P. 10-30 cm., yellow, becoming pale, zoned, or zoneless, convex, um-
bilicate, at length infundibuliform, very viscid when moist, covered
with agglutinated down; margin bearded when young. St. 4r-8 x
2-5-5 cm., light yellow, pitted with darker yellow broad roundish spots,
incrassated upwards, somewhat viscid, base pubescent. Gills whitish,
or flesh colour, decurrent, crowded, thin. Flesh whitish, becoming
yellow when broken. Milk white, soon sulphur-yellow when exposed to
the air. Spores light yellow, subglobose, 9 x 7-8 /A, echinulate, 1-
guttulate. Taste very acrid. Under birches, and in coniferous woods-
Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1564. L. torminosus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 923, t. 972.
Torminosus, griping.
P. 4-12 cm., pallid flesh colour, or strawberry colour, sometimes pale
ochraceous, or white, convex, then depressed, at length infundibuli-
form, viscid when moist, zoned; margin white fibrillosely bearded. St.
6-9 x 1-5-2-5 cm., pale flesh colour, equal or attenuated downwards,
sometimes pitted, delicately tomentose, then smooth. Gills paler than
the pileus, adnato-decurrent, thin. Flesh pallid. Milk white, acrid.
Spores white, subglobose, 8-9 x 7/z, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia
"sparse, subulate, 50-60 x Sfi" Rick. Mixed woods, and heaths.
Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1565. L. cilicioides Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 924, t. 973.
KtXiKiov, goat's-hair cloth; etSo?, like.
P. 5-15 cm., flesh colour inclining to fuscous, convex, then flattened
and depressed in the centre, viscid, tomentose, margin white flbrillosely
woolly. St. 5-7-5 x 2-5 cm., pale flesh colour, becoming yellowish,
equal, pruinato-silky under a lens. Gills white, becoming yellowish,
decurrent, crowded, branched. Flesh white, then yellow. Milk white,
or light yellow, acrid. Spores elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /A, minutely echinu-
late. Cystidia "subulate-lanceolate, 30-40 x 7-9 /A" Rick. Pine
woods. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. intermedius (Krombh.) B. & Br. Krombh. t. 58, figs. 11-13.
Intermedius, intermediate.
P. 10-14 cm., ochraceous yellow, infundibuliform, viscid, margin
tomentose. St. 3-5 x 2 cm., yellowish, becoming tinged with rufous,
covered with spot-like depressions. Gills lurid whitish, subdecurrent,
broad. Flesh white, then yellowish. Milk white, then yellowish, acrid.
480 LACTARIUS
Spores elliptical, 8—10 x 6— 8ju,, minutely echinulate, 1-guttulate.
Woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1566. L. lateritioroseus Karst. Lateritius, brick-red; roseus, rosy.
P. 6-9 cm., flesh colour, or 'brick-red with a rosy tinge, becoming pale,
convexo-umbilicate, then depressed and somewhat infundibuliform,
wavy, often unequal, disc broken up into minute granule-like squamules,
scales larger towards the margin and eventually disappearing. St.
6-8 x 1-5 cm., concolorous, or paler, unequal, incrassated at the base,
curved, or flexuose, very slightly flocculose. Gills pinkish, becoming
yellowish, decurrent, rather distant, often furcate and connected by
veins. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, subglobose, 8-9 x 6-8ju,
echinulate, 1-guttulate. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
1567. L. turpis (Weimn.) Fr. (= Lactarius plumbeus (Bull.) Quel. ;
Lactarius necator (Pers.) Schroet.) Cke. Illus. no. 925, t. 987.
Turpis, ugly.
P. 6-30 cm., olivaceous inclining to umber, sometimes tawny towards
the margin, at length entirely inclining to umber, convex, then plane,
disc-shaped, or umbilicate, at length depressed, sometimes somewhat
zoned, tomentose, viscid; margin at first villose, olivaceous light yellow,
at length densely rivuloso-sulcate. St. 4-8 x 1-2-5 cm., pallid, or
dark olivaceous, apex ochraceous whitish, equal, or attenuated down-
wards, often viscid and pitted. Gills white straw colour, spotted fus-
cous when broken or bruised, adnato-decurrent, much crowded,
forked. Flesh white. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, globose,
6-7 /A, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "subulate, 60-75 x 6-8 /A"
Rick. Edible. Woods, heaths, and roadsides, especially under birches.
Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1568. L. controversus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 926, t. 1003.
Contra, over against; versus, turned.
P. 6-30 cm., whitish, becoming reddish with blood-coloured spots and
zones especially towards the margin, convex, broadly umbilicate,
then somewhat infundibuliform, oblique, viscid in wet weather; margin
acute, involute, more or less villose. St. 2-6 x 2-4 cm., white becoming
concolorous, attenuated downwards, apex pruinose. Gills pallid-white-
flesh-colour, decurrent, thin, very crowded. Flesh pallid, reddish
under the cuticle. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, or tinged rosy,
subglobose, 8 x 6-7 /i, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, taste
acrid. Woods, and pastures, especially under poplars. Aug. — Nov.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1569. L. pubescens Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 927, t. 974.
Pubescens, becoming pubescent.
P. 4-6 cm., whitish, passing into flesh colour, rather plane, depressed
in the centre, then broadly infundibuliform, shining; margin flbrilloso-
LACTARIUS 481
pubescent. St. 2-4 x 1-2 cm., flesh colour, then white, attenuated
downwards, often compressed, pruinato-pubescent when young.
Gills pallid, slightly flesh-coloured, adnate, or slightly decurrent,
crowded, narrower than the flesh of the pileus. Flesh white, pinkish
under the cuticle. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, globose, 7-8/z,
echinulate, 1-guttulate. Taste very acrid. Woods, heaths, and pas-
tures, especially under birches. Sept. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1570. L. aspideus Fr. (= Lactarius uvidus Fr. sec. Quel.)
ao-Tri?, a round shield; e'So?, like.
Entirely straw-colour, sometimes tinged with lilac. P. 5-10 cm., con-
vex, then slightly depressed, viscid; margin incurved, tomentose and
white, becoming smooth. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., equal, viscid. Gills adnate.
Flesh white, then lilac. Milk white, then lilac, acrid ("sweet" W. G.
Sm. and Massee). Spores white, subglobose, 10 x 9/i, verrucose.
Taste acrid. Damp meadows, and moist places. Sept. Uncommon.
**P. viscid when moist, pelliculose, margin naked.
1571. L. insulsus Fr. (= Lactarius zonarius (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. Illus.
no. 929, t. 975. Insulsus, insipid.
P. 5-15 cm., yellowish-brick-colour, zoned, deeply umbilicate, at
length infundibuliform, pellicle somewhat separable, viscid. St.
4 x 2-5, rarely 7-8 x 1-5 cm., white, becoming pallid, often pitted-
spotted. Gills whitish, becoming pale and tinged with flesh colour, de-
current, very crowded, for ked, often crisped and anastomosing. Flesh
pallid, somewhat zoned under the pellicle. Milk white, acrid. Spores
yellow, subglobose, 10 x 8p,, echinulate. Cystidia none. Smell
pleasant, taste acrid. Mixed woods, and pastures. Aug. — Oct. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
1572. L. zonarius (Bull.) Fr. (= Lactarius insulsus Fr. sec. Quel.)
Zonarius, zoned.
P. 5—10 cm., pallid orange, or pale yellowish to deeper yellow, convex,
becoming plane then depressed, somewhat umbilicate, pellicle adnate,
viscid, beautifully zoned most frequently towards the margin, at
length minutely ruguloso-flocculose — at first only at the circum-
ference— margin thin, long involute, naked. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm.,
equal, or 2-5 x 1 cm. attenuated downwards, white, then yellowish,
pale upwards, firm, elastic. Gills whitish, at length dingy yellowish,
becoming dingy or even somewhat aeruginous when bruised, rounded-
adnate, or adnato-decurrent, arcuate, thin, narrow, somewhat
crowded. Flesh white, compact. Milk white, acrid. Spores whitish,
globose, 9 x 8/1,, echinulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate" Rick.
Smell strong, taste very acrid. Woods, and grassy places. Aug. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
B. B. B. 31
482 LACTARIUS
1573. L. utilis (Weinm.) Fr. (= Lactarius pallidus (Pers.) Fr. sec.
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 930, t. 1084. Utilis, useful.
P. 12-20 cm., tan colour, pale dull ochre, or livid, convex, then
plane, obtuse, at length infundibuliform, humid, often cracked at
maturity. St. 5-8 x 2-5 cm., concolorous or darker, fragile, longitu-
dinally striate. Gills pallid, adnate, crowded. Milk white, somewhat
acrid. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
1574. L. blennius Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 931, t. 988.
/SXew/05, mucous matter.
P. 4-11 cm., pallid olivaceous or aeruginous-grey, piano-depressed,
glutinous, often concentrically guttate, or somewhat zoned ; margin at
first incurved and slightly downy, then naked. St. 4-5 x 1-1-5 cm.,
pallid olive, or pallid grey, viscid, equal, or attenuated downwards.
Gills white, becoming cinereous when wounded, subdecurrent. Flesh
white, becoming grey. Milk white, then grey, acrid. Spores white,
elliptical, 8 x 6-7 fi, verrucose. Cystidia "sparse, fusiform-subulate,
60-75 x 8-10/a" Rick. Taste slowly acrid. Woods, especially beech.
Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. viridis (Schrad.) Quel. Viridis, green.
Differs from the type in its bright green slightly olivaceous pileus.
Beech woods. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1575. L. lividus Lamb. Lividus, livid.
P. pale livid, disc fuscescent, convex, then plane or depressed,
not distinctly zoned, viscid (?). St. livid, curved. Gills pale livid,
subdecurrent, crowded. Milk white, acrid. Woods. Oct. Rare.
1576. L. fluens Boud. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 12. Fluens, lax.
P. 5—10 cm., blackish olive, either somewhat zoned, or zoneless and
unicolorous, but always paler ochraceous towards the margin, convex,
scarcely flattened with age, rough, granularly punctate on the epidermis,
viscid, not glutinous. St. 5-8 x 1-2 cm., greyish ochre, becoming brown
when bruised, somewhat viscid, unequal, attenuated at the base. Gills
ochraceous, then cinereous ochraceous, adnate, or subdecurrent. Flesh
white, brown when bruised. Milk plentiful when wounded like Lac-
tarius volemus, white, then brownish, at first mild, then acrid and bitter.
Spores white, round or oval, 7-8 x 6/u., "10-11 x 7-8/i" Boud.,
echinulate, netted. Sometimes caespitose. Amongst grass under
beeches. Sept. — Oct. IJncommon. (v.v.)
1577. L. hysginus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 932, t. 989.
vo-ywov, a vegetable dye of scarlet colour.
P. 6-10 cm., reddish flesh colour, or reddish brown, umbilicate, be-
coming plane, viscid, often zoned and spotted ; margin thin, inflexed.
LACTARIUS 483
St. 3-10 x 1-5-2-5 cm., ochraceous cream, or flesh colour, here and
there pitted or somewhat spotted with rose, apex constricted, attenuated
at the base, pruinose. Gills white, then light yellow-ochraceous, adnato-
decurrent, thin, crowded, branched. Flesh white, then yellowish, red-
dish under the cuticle of the p. and st. Milk white, slowly acrid. Spores
pale ochre, globose, 7/x, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "subulate,
60-75 x 8-9 /z" Kick. Taste very acrid. Woods. Aug. — Nov. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1578. L. trivialis Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 933, t. 976. Trivialis, common.
P. 6-17 cm., at first dark lurid, becoming pale when full grown, pallid
yellowish, tan-flesh-colour, convex, then soon depressed, at length in-
fundibuliform, viscid; margin involute, at length only the pellicle in-
flexed. St. 2-5-15 x 2-5 cm., paler than the pileus, slippery. Gills
whitish, becoming pale, subdecurrent, rather broad, somewhat thin,
crowded. Flesh white. Milk white, sometimes becoming yellow, acrid.
Spores ochraceous, globose, 6— 8ju,, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia
"subulate, 60-75 x 9-1 1/z" Rick. Taste acrid. Coniferous woods,
and heaths. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1579. L. circellatus Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 934, t. 990. Circellatus, ringed.
P. 5-10 cm., rufous inclining to fuscous in wet weather, becoming
pale, variegated with darker zones, umbilicato-convex, then becoming
plane, depressed in the centre, often repand when older, very viscid
in wet weather. St. 4-5 x 1-1-5 cm., pale, equal, or attenuated at
the base, tough. Gills whitish then becoming yellow, subdecurrent with
a tooth, horizontal, very thin and crowded, narrow, often forked. Flesh
white, cheesy. Milk white, acrid. Spores ochraceous, globose, 7-8/z,
echinulate. Taste very acrid. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1580. L. uvidus Fr. (= Lactarius aspideus Fr. sec. Quel. ; Lactarius
fiavidus Boud. sec. Quel.; Lactarius violascens (Otto) Fr. sec.
Bataille.) Cke. Illus. no. 935, t. 991. Uvidus, moist.
P. 3-10 cm., hoary whitish, grey flesh-colour-livid, becoming fuscous,
somewhat thin, convex, plane, then depressed, viscid; margin at first
involute, very soon almost straight. St. 4-9 cm. x 12-18 mm.,
whitish, becoming light yellow, sometimes with yellow ferruginous spots,
equal, viscid, sometimes pitted. Gills shining white to dead white,
spotted with lilac when wounded, sometimes yellowish, or ochraceous
ferruginous or tinged with pallid brick colour, adnate and subde-
current, arcuate, thin, crowded, very unequal, here and there branched
and anastomosing by veins. Flesh white, lilac when broken. Milk
white, then lilac, acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, broadly elliptical,
10-12 x 8-9 fji, echinulate. Cystidia "subulate, pointed, 50-75 x6-
10 ju. " Rick. Smell nauseous, or aromatic, taste slowly acrid. Woods,
and heaths. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
31—2
484 LACTABIUS
1581. L. flavidus Boud. (= Lactarius uvidus Fr. sec. Quel.) Trans.
Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 9. Flavidus, yellowish.
P. 5-10 cm., pale citron, or sulphur yellow, becoming stained with
violet on injury or rubbing, convex, then expanded and slightly de-
pressed at the centre, which often remains umbonate. St. 3-8 x
1-2 cm., white, or yellowish, soon stained with violet on handling or
other injury, more or less attenuated at the base. Gills yellowish,
bruising violet on injury, adnato-decurrent, narrow, crowded. Flesh
white, becoming quickly violet on exposure to the air. Milk white, then
violet, acrid. Spores white, ovoid, 9-10 x 8-9 ju,, verrucose, reticulate,
1-guttulate. Taste mild, then acrid. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
***P. without a pellicle, hence absolutely dry, most
frequently unpolished.
1582. L. flexuosus Fr. Flexuosus, full of turns.
P. 5-10 cm., lead-grey, or violet-grey, becoming pale, zoned, or zone-
less, convex, becoming plane, depressed, somewhat repand, dry, some-
what shining, then rivuloso-scaly, OTfloccose; margin incurved, velvety,
and whitish. St. 5-9 x 1-5-2-5 cm., pallid grey, apex whitish, base
somewhat yellowish, obese, or equally attenuated downwards, often
lacunose or pitted, delicately pubescent. Gills light yellowish, at length
becoming whitish-flesh-colour, adnate, thick, distant, branched. Flesh
white, cheesy, hard. Milk white, very acrid. Spores pale ochraceous,
globose, 6-7 jn, verrucose. Cystidia "thin, clavate, 50-80 x 7-8/z,"
Rick. Taste very acrid. Pine, and beech woods. July — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
var. roseozonatus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 169, fig. 3.
Rosens, rose-colour; zonatus, zoned.
Differs from the type in the rose colour, or rosy violet pileus marked
with darker zones. Pine woods. Sept. Rare.
1583. L. pyrogatas (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 937, t. 993.
Trvp, fire; 70X0, milk.
P. 5-10 cm., cinereous-grey, at length becoming dingy yellow, firm,
convex, becoming plane, depressed, somewhat zoned, delicately grumose
under a lens, moist in wet weather; margin soon spreading. St. 4-
6 cm. x 6-12 mm., pallid white, sometimes dingy, often attenuated
downwards, grumoso-tubercular under a lens. Gills light yellow-wax-
colour, the colour rich inclining to ochraceous or flesh colour, adnato-
decurrent, thin, somewhat distant. Flesh white, greyish near the pileus.
Milk white, very acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, subglobose, 7— 8/x,
echinulate. Cystidia "only on the edge of the gill, 45-70 x 7-8 /t,
obtuse" Rick. Taste very acrid. Woods, and pastures. Aug. — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
LACTARIUS 485
1584. L. squalidus (Krombh.) Fr. Krombh. t. 40, figs. 23-25.
Squalidus, dirty.
P. 2-5-9 cm., pale greyish olive, or lurid, margin sprinkled with
saffron-yellow dots, convexo-plane, umbilicate. St. 5-8 cm. x 5-
10 mm., white, or concolorous, equal, firm. Gills becoming yellow,
narrow, adnate. Flesh white. Milk whitish, sweet. Spores white,
globose, 6-10ju,,echinulate. Amongst moss in damp woods. Oct. Rare.
1585. L. capsicum Schulz. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 26, fig. 1.
Capsicum, red pepper.
P. 5—10 cm., chestnut colour, darker at the closely involute margin,
compact, pulvinate, dry. St. 3-9 x 2-5 cm., whitish, rufous striate,
apex fulvous, subequal, or incrassated upwards. Gills fulvous, some-
what orange colour, adnato-decurrent, crowded, anastomosing at the
base, 3-4 mm. wide. Flesh yellow, becoming fuscous on exposure to
the air. Milk white, very acrid. Spores globose, 6/n, rough. Under
birches. Sept. Rare.
1586. L. chrysorheus Fr. (= Lactarius theiogalus (Bull.) Quel.) Cke.
Ulus. no. 940, t. 984. xpv<ro<;, gold; pew, I flow.
P. 5-8 cm., pale yellowish flesh colour, with darker zones or spots,
convex, umbilicate, then infundibuliform. St. 5-7-5 x 1-2-5 cm.,
white, equal, delicately pruinose under a lens. Gills pallid yellowish,
decurrent, very thin and crowded. Flesh white, bright sulphur-yellow
when broken. Milk white, then bright sulphur-yellow (golden), very
acrid. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 x 6//,, echinulate, 1-guttulate.
Cystidia "lanceolate, 50-60 x 8-12/x" Rick. Taste acrid. Woods,
especially oak. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
L. glaucescens Crossland = Lactarius piperatus (Scop.) Fr.
1587. L. acris (Bolt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 941, t. 1005. Acris, sharp.
P. 5-9 cm., cinereous fuliginous, sometimes darker, sometimes paler,
convex, then plane, at length obliquely infundibuliform, irregular,
often excentric, or emarginate on one side, firm, rigid, moist, here
and there spotted. St. 4-5 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid, apex white, attenuated
downwards, often oblique, ascending, or curved. Gills pallid, then
yellow flesh colour, subdecurrent, thin, somewhat crowded, forked.
Flesh white becoming reddish on exposure to air. Milk white, soon red-
dish, acrid. Spores ochraceous, subglobose, 8-11 /A, echinulate. Smell
strong, stinking, taste acrid. Woods. Aug. — Nov. Rare.
1588. L. violascens (Otto) Fr. (= Lactarius uvidus Fr. sec. Bataille;
Lactarius uvidus Fr. var. violascens (Otto) Quel.; Lactarius
luridus (Pers.) Fr. sec. Rick.) Violascens, becoming violet.
P. 6-8 cm., grey, or pale brown, with darker zones, convex, then
expanded, or more or less depressed at the disc, dry. St. 5-6 cm. x
486 LACTARIUS
12-15 mm., greyish white, equal. Gills white, then lilac, slightly de-
current, crowded. Flesh white, thick, firm. Milk white, becoming
violet on exposure to the air, mild (becoming acrid?). Spores "white,
globose, 8-9 /it, echinulate" Sacc. Cystidia "ventricose-subulate,
50-70 x 8-15/x" Rick. Woods. Oct. Rare.
1589. L. umbrinus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 942, t. 1006.
Unibrinus, umber brown.
P. 5— 7'5 cm., more or less olivaceous umber, paler and yellowish when
old, convex, then plane, disc slightly depressed, often wavy and ex-
centric, dry,flocculoso-rivulose. St. 2-5-3-5 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, or
paler, apex white, attenuated upwards. Gills pallid, dingy yellowish,
slightly decurrent, thin, crowded, forked behind, 2 mm. wide. Flesh
white, becoming tinged with brown on exposure to the air, firm. Milk
white, forming grey spots when it has escaped, acrid. Spores white,
globose, Sfj., rough. Cystidia none. Taste acrid. Pine woods. Sept. —
Oct. Rare.
L. plumbeus (Bull.) Fr. = Lactarius turpis (Weinm.) Fr.
1590. L. piperatus (Scop.) Fr. (= Lactarius glaucescens Crossland.)
Cke. Ulus. no. 944, t. 979. Piperatus, peppery.
Entirely white. P. 5-22-5 cm., becoming yellowish with age, umbili-
cate, then reflexed and infundibuliform, rigid ; margin involute at first.
St. 3-7 x 2-5 cm., equal, or obconical, obsoletely pruinose. Gills be-
coming pale ochraceous, decurrent, crowded, narrow, dichotomous, edge
obtuse. Flesh white, then yellowish, becoming sometimes greenish grey.
Milk white, often becoming greenish when dry, very acrid. Spores white,
globose elliptical, 6-9 x 6-8 /n, minutely punctate, with a large central
gutta. Cystidia "clavate, or fusiform-filiform, 60-70 x 8-9/1, obtuse,
very sparse" Rick. Taste very acrid. Said to be edible. Woods.
Aug. — Oct. Common some years, (v.v.)
var. pergamenus (Swartz) Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 943, t. 978.
Pergamena, parchment.
Differs from the type in the rugose wrinkled pileus, the longer thinner
stem, and the adnate, horizontal gills. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
1591. L. veUereus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 945, t. 980. Vellus, a fleece.
Entirely white. P. 10-30 cm., becoming stained or spotted with yellow,
convexo-saucer-shaped, innato-pubescent, compact; margin strongly
incurved. St. 5-8 x 2-5—6 cm., becoming yellowish, equal, hard,
finely pubescent. Gills watery white, then pale ochraceous, adnato-
decurrent, arcuate, rather thick, somewhat distant, rather broad,
branched, edge acute. Flesh white, yellowish on exposure to the air.
Milk white, scanty, turning litmus paper red, very acrid. Spores white,
LACTABIUS 487
subglobose, 8 x 7-8/i, minutely echinnlate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia
"cylindrical, with a short point, 70-105 x 6-8 /A" Rick. Taste very
peppery. Said to be edible. Woods. Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. velutinus Bertillon. Velutinus, velvety.
Differs from the type in the more crowded gills, in the flesh turning
reddish tawny on exposure to the air, and in the sweet milk only slowly
becoming somewhat acrid, and not turning litmus paper red. Woods.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
L. exsuccus (Otto) Fr. = Russula chloroides (Krombh.) Bres.
1592. L. scoticus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 938, t. 1004, fig. B.
Scoticus, Scotch.
P. 2-5-5 cm., whitish, convex, then depressed, tomentose, then
smooth; margin involute, tomentose. St. 2-5-3 cm. x 6mm., some-
what flesh colour, somewhat unequal, curved. Gills whitish, very
slightly decurrent, thin, scarcely branched, about 2 mm. broad. Flesh
whitish. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8/A, apiculate,
minutely ecbinulate. Smell pungent, taste very acrid. Amongst moss.
Sept. Rare.
1593. L. involutes Soppitt. Cke. Illus. no. 1195, t. 1194.
Involutus, incurved.
Entirely white, or with a pale ochraceous tinge. P. 2-5-5 cm., convex,
then plane, or slightly depressed; margin strongly and persistently
involute, minutely silky. St. 2-3 cm. x 4-6 mm., equal, or slightly
thickened at the base, very firm. Gills very slightly decurrent, very
crowded, 1 mm. broad, sometimes forked. Milk white, very acrid.
Spores white, pip-shaped, 5 x 3/n, smooth. Taste acrid. Woods. Sept.
Rare.
II. St. central. Gills naked. Milk always deeply coloured.
1594. L. delieiosus (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 947, t. 982.
Deliciosus, delicious.
P. 5-15 cm., orange-brick-colour, becoming pale and stained with
verdigris, concentrically zoned with darker markings, convex, then
piano-depressed, or broadly infundibuliform, slightly viscid. St. 2-
8 x 2—2-5 cm., concolorous, or paler, often stained with verdigris, equal,
or attenuated at the base, fragile, often spotted in a pitted manner.
Gills saffron yellow, becoming stained with verdigris, subdecurrent,
crowded, narrow, arcuate, often branched. Flesh white, then reddish
and becoming verdigris. Milk red-brick-saffron, aromatic, mild, then
slightly acrid. Spores white, pinkish in the mass, subglobose, 8-9 x
7-8 /A, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, fusiform-subulate,
30-40 x 4-6 /A" Rick. Smell pleasant, taste slightly acrid. Edible.
Coniferous woods, and elsewhere under conifers. July — Dec. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
488 LACTARIUS
1595. L. sanguifluus (Paul.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 50.
Sanguis, blood ;fiuus, flowing.
P. 3-8 cm., reddish tawny, spotted with darker markings, rarely
zoned, becoming stained with verdigris, plane, then depressed, firm,
slightly viscid; margin at first involute and white pruinose. St.
3-6 x 1-2-5 cm., rosy flesh, or blood colour, at length concolorous and
stained verdigris, at first equal, then dilated at the apex, and attenuated
at the base, pruinose, often pitted. Gills pale ochraceous, then con-
colorous, and finally stained verdigris, adnate, then decurrent, very
crowded, rather narrow, often branched. Flesh white, tinged with
blood-red especially near the cuticle of the stem, firm, cheesy. Milk
blood-red, slightly acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 8-9 x 8/u,,
echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 45 x 5-8 //,"
Rick. Smell pleasant, often like Mentha piperita, taste slightly acrid.
Edible. Pine woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
III. St. central. Gills pallid, then changing colour, afterwards darker,
glancing when turned to the light, at length white pruinose. Milk
at the first white, mild, or mild becoming acrid.
*P. at the first viscid.
1596. L. paffldus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 948, t. 1007.
Pallidus, pale.
P. 6—15 cm.., flesh colour, or clay colour to pallid, somewhat tan, um-
bilicato-convex, depressed, obtuse, viscid; margin broadly and for a
long time involute. St. 5—6 x 1-5 cm., concolorous, somewhat equal.
Gills whitish, then concolorous, pruinose, subdecurrent, rather broad,
somewhat thin, crowded, somewhat branched. Flesh pallid. Milk
white, acrid. Spores white, globose, 9-10//,, echinulate, 1-guttulate.
Cystidia "abundant, subulate-fusiform, 70-75 x 7-9 /u, " Rick. Taste
mild, then acrid. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
1597. L. quietus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 51. Quietus, calm.
P. 3-9 cm., somewhat cinnamon, flesh colour, disc darker, somewhat
zoned, convex, then depressed, obtuse ; margin deflexed, at first very
slightly viscid, then somewhat silky, opaque, becoming pale. St.
4-9 x 1-1-5 cm., rufescent, at length beautifully rubiginous, spongy,
equal, sometimes attenuated at the base which is covered with con-
colorous hairs. Gills white, then soon brick-rufescent, adnato-decurrent,
somewhat forked at the base. Flesh white, then rufescent. Milk white,
sweet. Spores white, globose, 8-10/u,, verrucose. Cystidia "lanceolate-
subulate, 50-60 x 6-7 //," Rick. Smell oily, taste pleasant. Woods.
Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1598. L. aurantiacus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Aurantiacus, orange.
P. 3-6 cm., bright golden orange colour, convex, then plane, or de-
LACTARIUS 489
pressed, sometimes umbonate, slightly viscid. St. 6-8 x 1 cm., con-
colorous, equal, pruinose. Gills yellowish flesh colour, decurrent, thin,
crowded, narrow. Flesh pallid. Milk white, slowly acrid. Spores
ochraceous, globose, 8-9 /n, echinulate. Cystidia "abundant, lanceo-
late-subulate, 75-90 x 10-1 IJM" Rick. Smell pleasant, taste mild.
Woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1599. L. theiogalus (Fr.) Plowr. (= Lactarius chrysorheus Fr. sec.
Quel.; Lactarius hepaticus (Plowr.) Boud.) Trans. Brit. Myc.
Soc. i, t. v. Oelov, brimstone; yd\a, milk.
P. 2-5-7 cm., liver coloured when moist, drying to rufous tawny and
lighter at the margin, convex, then expanded, and finally depressed,
umbonate, umbo sometimes wanting, viscid at first; margin crenulate,
thin. St. 3-4 x -5-1 cm., slightly pinker than the colour of the pileus,
equal, attenuated at the base. Gills pale, then rufescent, adnato-de-
current, each terminating at the crenulations of the margin of the
pileus, 3-6 mm. broad, thin, rather distant. Flesh of the pileus pallid,
then ochraceous, of the stem becoming rufous especially downwards.
Milk white, very slowly changing to sulphur yellow, mild, then slightly
acrid. Spores white, globose, 6-7 /i, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia
"sparse, subulate, 45-75 x 6-8 ju," Rick. Fir woods. Aug. — Nov.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1600. L. cremor Fr. Cremor, thick juice.
P. 3-6 cm., tawny orange, convex, then plane and obtuse, sometimes
umbonate when young, often unequal and excentric, viscid, minutely
punctate; margin striate. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, equal,
fragile, silky upward under a lens. Gills white, then flesh colour, adnate,
somewhat distant, fragile, pruinose. Flesh concolorous, or paler, thin.
Milk whitish, often watery, somewhat mild. Spores white, globose,
9-10/u, echinulate. Cystidia "subulate, 45-60 x 7-8 p" Rick. Taste
mild, or slowly acrid. Beech woods. Sept. Rare.
var. pauper Karst. Cke. Illus. no. 951, t. 1008. Pauper, poor.
Differs from the type in being entirely yellowish flesh colour, ochra-
ceous when dry, the margin of the pileus at length sulcate, and the juice-
less, white flesh. Under larches. Sept. Rare.
1601. L. vietus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 952, t. 1009, fig. A.
Vietus, shrunken.
P. 3-6 cm., flesh colour, or livid grey, becoming pale, subpapillate,
becoming plane, then umbilicate, at length somewhat infundibuliform,
viscid, opaque, slightly silky when dry; margin somewhat deflexed.
St. 5-7 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, attenuated upwards, or some-
what equal. Gills whitish, then yellowish, adnato-decurrent, thin,
somewhat crowded, somewhat flaccid. Flesh whitish, then grey. Milk
490 LACTABIUS
white, then grey, slowly acrid. Spores white, globose, 7-8 ju, echinulate.
Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 60-70 x 10-12/i" Rick. Smell somewhat
pungent, taste slightly acrid. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
1602. L. cyathula Fr. (= Lactarius cupularis (Bull.) Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 952, t. 1009, fig. B, and no. 953, t. 1085.
icvaOo?, a cup.
P. 1-6 cm., rufescent brick, or flesh colour, somewhat zoned, when dry
becoming pale, livid or flesh colour, hoary tan, rimoso-rivulose, convexo-
plane, umbonate, at length piano-depressed, umbo often vanishing,
slightly viscid, sometimes striate. St. 5 cm. x 2-10 mm., pale, at
length whitish, equal, pruinose. Gills white flesh colour, then yellowish,
decurrent, very crowded, thin, linear. Flesh white flesh colour. Milk
white, acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 6-10/A, echinulate.
Cystidia "very sparse, subulate" Rick. Smell strong of bugs when
drying. Woods. Aug. — Nov. Rare.
**Pileus unpolished, squamulose, villose, or pruinose.
1603. L. rufus (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 954, t. 985. Rufus, red.
P. 5-10 cm., bay-brown-rufous, umbonate when young, soon de-
pressed with an umbo, and at length infundibuliform, dry, at first
flocculoso- silky, but soon polished; margin involute when young, some-
what whitish-tomentose. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., rufescent, paler than the pileus,
white pubescent at base, obsoletely pruinate. Gills ochraceous, or pallid,
then rufescent, adnato-decurrent, crowded, scarcely branched. Flesh
pallid, not compact. Milk white, very acrid. Spores white, broadly
elliptical, 9-10 x 7-8 /x, verrucose. Cystidia abundant, "lanceolate-
fusiform, 60-70 x 7-10/t" Rick. Taste very acrid. Coniferous woods.
June — Dec. Common, (v.v.}
var. exumbonatus Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 52.
Exumbonatus, without an umbo.
Differs from the type in the absence of an umbo. Coniferous woods.
Sept — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1604. L. helvus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 955, t. 994. Helvus, light bay.
P. 5-10 cm., pale yellowish-brick-colour, becoming pale, fragile, con-
vex, then flattened, somewhat umbonate, the surface wholly broken up
into gr anuloso- squamulose flocci. St. 5-8 x 1—1-5 cm., brick colour in-
clining to pale, equal, pruinose, base white, tomentose. Gills whitish,
then somewhat flesh colour, at length yellowish, decurrent, thin, crowded.
Flesh concolorous but paler. Milk white, mild, then slightly acrid,
somewhat watery. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 7-8/u,, echinulate.
Cystidia "cylindrical-rounded, 50-70 x 9-12/z" Rick. Smell strong,
LACTARIUS 491
resinous, somewhat like Foenugreek, taste mild. Coniferous woods.
Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1605. L. tomentosus (Otto) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 956, t. 1010.
Tomentosus, woolly.
P. 7-9 cm., dingy flesh colour, rufescent, or brownish, umbonate,
then depressed, or infundibuliform, finely tomentose. St. 5x1-
1-5 cm., pallid, equal. Gills yellow flesh colour, rather decurrent. Flesh
white, then tinged brown. Milk whitish, mild. Spores white, globose,
8-9 n, verrucose. Smell pleasant, taste mild, then slightly acrid.
Damp places. Sept. Bare.
1606. L. mammosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 170, fig. 2.
Mammosus, having large breasts.
P. 3-6 cm., greyish fuscous, convex, acutely umbonate, umbo at
length vanishing, then depressed, clothed with appressed down; margin
involute, white-pubescent. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, inclining to pale,
pubescent, firm. Gills whitish, then pallid ferruginous, adnate, crowded.
Flesh reddish white. Milk white, mild? then acrid. Spores white, " sub-
globose, 6-7 x 5-6 /z, echinulate. Cystidia subulate, 60 x 8-9 /LI"
Rick. Birch, and pine woods. Oct. Rare.
var. monstrosus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 957, t. 995.
Monstrosus, strange.
Differs from the type in its larger size. Woods. Oct. Rare.
var. minor Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 58. Minor, smaller.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, and the pileus clothed with
shorter hairs. Under birches. Nov. Rare, (v.v.)
1607. L. glyciosmus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 170, fig. 3.
y\VKv<>, sweet; ocr^r}, scent.
P. 2-7 cm., grey, brick colour, fuscous, most frequently passing into
violet, convex, becoming somewhat plane, acutely papillate, then de-
pressed, the papilla vanishing, delicately innato-squamulose, or un-
polished, opaque. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., light yellowish, becoming
tawny when bruised, sometimes silvery-whitish, especially at the apex,
somewhat equal, pubescent. Gills straw colour, then tawny-flesh-colour,
or somewhat ochraceous, adnato-decurrent, arcuate becoming plane,
thin, often branched, crowded. Flesh white, then slightly tinged with
the external colour. Milk white, rarely greenish, mild, then slightly
acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 7-9 /j,, echinulate, 1-guttulate.
Cystidia "subulate, 69-70 x 7-9 /A" Rick. Smell very pleasant,
aromatic, taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug.— Nov. Common.
(v.v.)
492 LACTABIUS
var. flexuosus Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 958, t. 1011, as type.
Flexuosus, full of turns.
Differs from the type in the silky, umbilicate, flexuose, more or less
zoned pileus. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1608. L. lignyotus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 171, fig. 1. \iyvfa, smoke.
P. 4-8 cm., fuliginous umber, elastic-fragile, convexo-plane, some-
what depressed; margin at first incurved, then depressed, acutely-
umbonate, plicately-rugulose, or wrinkled sulcate, pruinosely velvety.
St. 7-12 x 1-5-2 cm., concolorous, base paler, becoming whitish,
fragile, corticate, constricted and plicate at the apex, pruinosely velvety.
Gills snow-white, then whitish ochre, reddish when wounded, rounded
behind and adnate, then subdecurrent, thin, rather crowded. Flesh
white, then slowly becoming reddish, ochraceous, or ferruginous. Milk
watery white, becoming reddish, or saffron colour, sparse, sweet. Spores
ochraceous, globose, 9/n, strongly echinulate, 1-guttulate. Taste
pleasant. Under fir, and beeches. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1609. L. fuliginosus Fr. (= Laciarius azonites (Bull.) Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 959, t. 996. Fuliginosus, sooty.
P. 3-10 cm., tan whitish, sprinkled with innate, fuliginous pruina,
coffee and milk colour, finely velvety, then somewhat rugulose, soapy
livid, fawn brick colour, the disc sometimes at last brown, convex,
then somewhat repand and depressed; margin at first inflexed, then
soon spreading. St. 4—8 cm. x 6—10 mm., dead white to shining white,
then dingy, tan, somewhat rufescent-brick-colour, fuliginous, somewhat
equal, sometimes rugulose. Gills white, at length light yellow ochraceous,
rounded adnexed, then decurrent, somewhat thin, somewhat distant,
branched, connected by veins, the intermediate ones at length crisped.
Flesh and milk white, then rose colour, and at length saffron yellow.
Spores ochraceous, globose, 9-10/z, echinulate. Cystidia "sparse,
subulate " Rick. Taste mild, then slightly acrid. Woods, and pastures.
Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1610. L.picinusFr. Cke. Illus. no. 960, t. 997. Picinus, pitch-black.
P. 4-8 cm., umber, or blackish umber, convex becoming plane, urn-
donate, orbicular, at first everywhere villose, somewhat velvety, then
becoming smooth. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., paler than the pileus, equal,
pruinose. Gills ochraceous, adnate, thin, very crowded, straight. Flesh
pallid, becoming reddish on exposure to the air. Milk white, acrid.
Spores ochraceous, globose, 7-10/a, echinulate and ribbed. Taste
acrid. Coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1611. L. retisporus Massee. Rete, a net; a-iropd, seed.
P. 5-9 cm., dark smoky-brown, convex, then plane, disc depressed,
minutely velvety, radially rugose from disc to margin. St. 3-5 x
LACTARIUS 493
1-5 cm., paler than ike pileus, equal. Gills pale ochraceous with darker
spots, deeply sinuate and slightly adnexed, subdistant. Flesh dingy
yellow, becoming reddish brown when cut. Milk white, then brown, sweet,
becoming very thick and tenacious. Spores colourless, globose,
with raised bands forming a network. Under beeches. Oct. Rare.
1612. L. lilacinus (Lasch) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 53.
Lilacinus, lilac-coloured.
P. 3-8 cm., rosy lilac, covered with a concolorous tomentum, often
spinulose when young, plane, then depressed, papillate, sometimes
very obsoletely zoned. St. 3-8 cm. x 5-12 mm., paler and more
ochraceous than the pileus, equal, somewhat rugulose, apex white-
mealy. Gills ochraceous, rarely tinted rosy lilac, adnato-decurrent,
narrow. Flesh rosy white, acrid. Milk white, acrid, plentiful. Spores
white, globose, or oval, 7-10/z, verrucose, reticulated. Cystidia "fusi-
form, 60-75 x 7-9 ju," Rick. Taste acrid. Woods, and damp places.
Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1613. L. spinosulus Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 11.
Spinosulus, full of little spines.
P. 2-4 cm., brick red, or rosy lilac, convex, acutely umbonate, then
depressed, covered with minute erect spines, especially towards the
margin, zoned and spotted. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, rugu-
lose, granular. Gills yellowish flesh colour, then yellowish, decurrent,
narrow. Flesh paler. Milk white, slowly acrid. Spores pale ochraceous,
globose, 7-8/it, echinulate. Taste slightly acrid. Woods. Sept. — Oct.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. violaceus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 961, t. 998, fig. B. Violaceus, violet.
Differs from the type in the rosy-violet p., the incurved margin, and
the pale st. On the ground. Sept.
***P. polished, smooth.
1614. L. volemus Fr. (= Lactarius lactifluus (Schaeff.) Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 962, t. 999. Volema pira, a species of large pear.
P. 5-12 cm., rufous tawny, golden, becoming pale, compact, rigid,
obtuse, paler at the margin, plano-convex, at length depressed and
rimoso-rivulose; margin at first incurved. St. 6-10 x 1-5-3 cm., con-
colorous, somewhat equal, or attenuated upwards, obese, hard, pruinose.
Gills white to yellowish, adnato-decurrent, thin, crowded, becoming
dingy when wounded. Flesh white, becoming brownish on exposure to
the air. Milk white, sweet, plentiful, rarely becoming yelloiv. Spores
very pale ochraceous, globose, 5-6 /A, verrucose. Cystidia "very abun-
dant, subulate-fusiform, 60-100 x 8-9 /A, very undulating and thick
walled "Rick. Smell and taste very pleasant. Edible. Woods. Aug. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
494 LACTABIUS
1615. L. ichoratus (Batsch) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 963, t. 1000.
t'%&>/3, serum.
P. 5-10 cm., tawny-brick-colour, disc often brown, brick colour and
zoned, piano-depressed, often unequal, excentric, occasionally repand,
opaque, thin, obtuse. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 6-10 mm., tawny, then rufescent,
equal, or fusiform below. Gills white, then ochraceous, adnate, de-
current with a tooth, scarcely crowded. Flesh pallid, becoming
brownish on exposure to the air. Milk white, sweet. Spores ochraceous,
elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /x, echinulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 50 x
5-6 /u," Rick. Smell strong, taste pleasant. Woods. Oct.
1616. L. serifluus (DC.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 964, t. 1012.
Serum, lymph ; fluus, flowing.
P. 2-5-6 cm., brown tawny, plane, then depressed, sometimes
slightly umbonate, somewhat flexuose ; margin inflexed. St. 3-4 cm.
x 4-10 mm., concolorous, or paler, somewhat incurved, base often
strigose with tawny hairs. Gills yellowish flesh colour, then reddish,
adnate, decurrent with a tooth. Flesh reddish tawny. Milk watery,
insipid, scanty. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 6-7 JM, echinulate,
1-guttulate. Cystidia " vesiculose-pyrif orm, then vesiculose-flask-
shaped, 30 x 14-20 /u," Rick. Smell unpleasant, like bugs. Woods,
and boggy places. July — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1617. L. mitissimus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 965, t. 1001.
Mitissimus, very mild.
P. 3-8 cm., golden tawny, convex, papillate, depressed, papilla often
vanishing, somewhat slippery when moist. St. 2-5-8 cm. x 8-12 mm.,
concolorous. Gills a little paler than the pileus, often stained with
minute rufous spots, adnato-decurrent, somewhat arcuate, thin,
crowded. Flesh pallid. Milk white, plentiful, mild, then somewhat
bitterish. Spores pale ochraceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 6-7 /u, verrucose,
1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 45-50 x 5-6/x" Rick. Taste
slightly acrid. Edible. Woods. Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1618. L. subdulcis (Pers.) FT. Sub, somewhat; dulcis, sweet.
P. 3-8 cm., rufescent, not becoming pale, papillate, at length de-
pressed. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, equal, somewhat
pruinose. Gills paler, adnate, crowded, fragile. Flesh rufescent. Milk
white, somewhat mild. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 9-10/u, echinu-
late. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 50-60 x 8-10 fj," Rick. Taste some-
what bitterish. Edible. Woods. July — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. concavus Fr. Concavus, hollowed out.
Differs from the type in the rufous bay colour of all its parts recalling
Lactarius rufus, the inflexed margin of the pileus, the smooth stem, the
LACTARIUS 495
very pruinose gills, and the constant mild taste. Damp places in woods.
Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. sphagneti Fr. Sphagnetum, a Sphagnum swamp.
Differs from the type in the obtuse, red bay pileus shining as if
varnished, and the crenate, inflexed margin.
1619. L. camphoratus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 967, 1. 1013, fig A.
Camphor atus, strong scented.
P. 2-5-6 cm., brown-brick-red, convex, then depressed, sometimes
somewhat zoned. St. 2-3 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, somewhat un-
dulated. Gills yellowish-brick-colour, adnate, crowded. Flesh reddish.
Milk white, mild, watery. Spores ochraceous, globose, 8-9 JJL, echinu-
late. Smell strong, like Melilot when dried. Taste pleasant. Woods,
especially conifers. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. Terrei (B. & Br.) Cke. Michael Terrey.
Differs from the type in the corrugated pileus, and the swollen base
of the stem clad with orange down.
1620. L. subumbonatus Lindgr. (= Lactarius cimicarius (Batsch)
Quel. ; Lactarius rubescens (Bres.) Bataille.) Cke. Illus. no. 968,
t. 986, fig. A. Sub, rather; umbonatus, umbonate.
P. 2-3 cm., dark cinnamon colour, convex, then depressed, rather
umbonate, rugose, punctate. St. 2-5-3 cm. x 3 mm., concolorous,
attenuated at the base. Gills rufous flesh colour, adnate. Flesh grey,
then yellowish. Milk white, watery, mild. Spores white, subglobose,
5-6/n, rough. Smell foetid when old, taste mild. Woods. Sept.
1621. L. cimicarius (Batsch) Cke. (= Lactarius subumbonatus (Lindgr.)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 967, t. 1013, fig. B. Cimex, a bug.
P. 2-6 cm., dark bay brown, convex, then depressed, or infundibuli-
form; margin often waved and lobed. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-14 mm., paler
than the pileus, equal. Gills dingy ochraceous with a red tinge, slightly
decurrent. Flesh tinged brownish. Milk white, acrid. Spores white,
globose, 9 x 7-8/A, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Smell strong, like bugs.
Taste acrid. Woods. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1622. L. obnubilus (Lasch) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 55.
Obnubilus, overclouded, dark.
P. 2-6 cm., brown fuliginous, darker at the disc, paler at the striate
margin, convex, at first papillate, then umbilicate, slightly viscid.
St. 3-7 cm. x 6-9 mm., paler than the pileus, equal, slightly rugulose,
covered with concolorous hairs at the base. Gills yellowish, adnato-
decurrent, crowded. Flesh reddish. Milk white, rather acrid. Spores
pale ochraceous, subglobose, 7-9 x 7-8/x, verrucose, 1-guttulate.
496 LACTABIUS. BOLBITIUS
Taste somewhat bitter. Pine woods, and under alders. Sept. — Nov.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. crenatus Massee. Crenatus, notched.
Differs from the type in the coarsely sulcate margin of the pileus.
Fir woods.
1623. L. tabidus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 57. Tabidus, wasting away.
P. 1-5 cm., pale brick colour, then tan, becoming paler, submembrana-
ceous, somewhat plane, acutely papillately umbonate, at length expanded
and somewhat depressed, somewhat rugulose; margin pellucidly striate.
St. 2—i cm. x 4 mm., concolorous, equal, or attenuated upwards,
white tomentose at base. Gills concolorous but paler, adnato-decur-
rent, flaccid, narrow, somewhat distant. Flesh concolorous. Milk
white, sweet, then slightly acrid, scanty. Spores white, globose, or oval,
10-12 x 7-10/A, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Taste pleasant, then slightly
acrid. Woods, and under willows and alders. Sept. Uncommon.
1624. L. minimus W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 968, t. 986, fig. B.
Minimus, smallest.
P. 6-15 mm., pallid clay colour, pulvinate, rounded, or slightly um-
bonate; margin incurved. St. 6 x 2mm., concolorous, generally ex-
centric. Gills pallid, slightly decurrent, arcuate, distant. Milk white,
mild, abundant. Spores white, globose, 3-4/A, echinulate. Woods,
and pastures. Oct. Uncommon.
IV. St. excentric, or lateral. Growing on trunks.
1625. L. obliquus Fr. Obliquus, slanting.
Entirely white, becoming yellowish. P. 5 cm., thin, plane, then de-
pressed, oblique, zoned with grey, lobed, silky. St. 2-5 cm. x 4 mm.,
rather excentric, curved. Gills very slightly decurrent, crowded,
narrow. Flesh whitish. Milk white, slightly acrid. Spores white, glo-
bose, 6/x, echinulate. Smell pleasant. Caespitose. On trunks of
beech, and on banks. Oct. Uncommon.
III. Receptacle membranaceous, or fleshy membranaceous,
fragile, rapidly putrescent, or shrivelling up.
Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous.
Bolbitius Fr.
(/3o\/SiToi/, dung, especially cow dung.)
Pileus membranaceous, regular. Stem central, not confluent with
the pileus. Gills free, or slightly adnate, acute at the edge. Spores
ochraceous, ferruginous, fuscous, or salmon colour; elliptical, elliptic-
oblong, or almond-shaped; smooth; with an apical germ-pore. Cys-
tidia present, or absent. Growing on dung, and on rich soil.
BOLBITIUS 497
B. hydrophilus (Bull.) Fr. = Hypholoma hydrophilum (Bull.) Fr.
1626. B. vitellinus (Pers.) Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 19, fig. 2.
Vitellus, the yolk of an egg.
P. 2-4 cm., egg yellow, submembranaceous, deeply campanulate,
then expanding and convex, viscid, smooth, then furrowed and splitting
at the margin. St. 6-11 cm. x 2-4 mm., cream colour, attenuated up-
wards from the subbulbous base, covered with white, fugacious, mealy
fiocci. Gills ochraceous, then somewhat ferruginous, free, attenuated at
both ends, thin, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores
ferruginous, yellow under the microscope, broadly elliptical, 12-14 x
7-8jU, often truncate at the one end. On horse dung, dung heaps, and
amongst grass. May — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. olivaceus Gillet. Olivaceus, olivaceous.
Differs from the type in its olivaceous colour. Horse dung. Sept.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
1627. B. Boltonii (Pers.) Fr.
James Bolton of Halifax, the author of " An History of Fungusses."
P. 2-4 cm., yellow, becoming pale, disc darker, fleshy, conical, or
convex, then plane and depressed at the disc, viscid, smooth, becoming
sulcate and splitting at the membranaceous margin, finally withering
and becoming like paper. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., yellowish, equal,
attenuated at the base, often twisted, fiocculose with the fugacious cortina,
which sometimes forms a ring-like zone. Gills light yellow, then livid
fuscous, slightly adnate. Flesh yellowish, especially in the St., very
thin. Spores fuscous ferruginous, broadly elliptical, or pip-shaped,
12-13 x 7-8/x. On dung, and manured soil. May — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
1628. B. flavidus (Bolt.) Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 677, t. 689, as Bol-
bitius Boltoni Fr. Flavidus, yellowish.
P. 2-5-5 cm., pale yellow, glutinous, conical, then expanded, disc
usually slightly elevated; margin striate, and usually splitting. St.
5-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., yellow, slightly thinner upwards. Veil very
fugacious, white, leaving no mark on the st. Gills white, then yellow,
at length dusky brown, almost or quite free, 4 mm. broad. Flesh yellow
in the st. Spores brown, elliptical, 10 x 6/n. The whole plant deli-
quescing. Dung-hills, and rotten cloth in woods. June — Aug. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1629. B. grandiusculus Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1187, t. 1159.
Grandiusculus, pretty well grown up.
P. 3-5 cm., pale yellow, disc rufous, submembranaceous, campanu-
late, then expanded, smooth; margin slightly striate. St. 7-5-10 cm.
x 6 mm., white, gradually attenuated upwards, straight, smooth.
B. B. B. 32
498 BOLBITIUS
Gills pale, then rusty ochraceous, quite free, attenuated behind, 2 mm.
broad, linear, crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores rusty, elliptic-
oblong, 15 x 5-6/Li. Amongst grass. Sept. Rare.
1630. B. fragilis (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 679, t. 720, fig. A.
Fragilis, fragile.
P. 1-5-2-5 cm., light yellow, then becoming pale, submembranaceous,
pellucid, conical, then expanded, subumbonate, smooth, viscid; margin
striate, often crenulated. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., yellow, very fragile,
attenuated upwards, naked, smooth. Gills yellow, then pale cinnamon,
attenuato-adnexed, almost free, ventricose, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh
yellowish, thin at the disc. Spores ferruginous, almond-shaped,
10-11 x 6-7 p.. Cystidia "vesiculose, 30-36 x 12-20/z" Rick. The
whole plant rapidly withering. Roadsides, road-scrapings, horse
dung, and pastures. April — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1631. B. affinis Massee. Affinis, related.
P. 1—2 cm., yellowish tawny, whitish when dry, campanulate, then
expanded, umbonate, glabrous, dry; margin striate. St. 4-7. cm.,
white, attenuated upwards from a marginate bulb, shining. Gills
yellowish tawny, adnexed, narrow. Spores 8 x 6/x,. Rare.
1632. B. titubans (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 680, t. 690.
Titubans, tottering.
P. 2-4 cm., light yellow at the disc, paler and becoming greyish at the
margin, membranaceous, very tender, ovato-campanulate, then flat-
tened and split, diaphanous, slightly viscid, striate; margin plicate.
St. 5-7-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, equal, very fragile, shining, some-
times mealy. Gills ochraceous, or purplish, then fuscous flesh colour,
or ferruginous, adnexed, or free, 2-3 mm. broad. Flesh whitish,
scarcely any except at the disc. Spores deep ochraceous, broadly ellip-
tical, 11-15 x 8-9 /n, with a hyaline apical germ-pore. Rich pastures,
gardens, and roadsides. May — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
1633. B. apicalis W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 679, t. 720, fig. B.
Apex, the top of a thing,
P. 8-15 cm., brown, disc ochraceous bounded by a darker line, mem-
branaceous, conical, 18 mm. high, obsoletely umbonate, striate, then
plicate to the apical disc, splitting at the margin. St. 5-6 cm. x 2 mm.,
white, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, striate, minutely
pruinose under a lens. Gills brown, free, at first pressed to the stem,
ventricose, 3 mm. broad. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores
brown, elliptical, 9 x 6-7 /x. Pastures. June. Rare.
1634. B. rivulosus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 678, t. 928, fig. B.
Rivulosus, rivulose.
P. 2—3 cm., tan colour, campanulate, striate, rivulose. St. 7 cm. x
4-6 mm., white, attenuated upwards, smooth. Gills cinnamon,
BOLBITIUS. COPRINUS 499
slightly adnexed, narrowed behind, 3 mm. broad, rather distant.
Flesh white, rather thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, elliptic-
oblong, 10-12 x 6-7 fj,. Earth in an orchid house. July. Rare.
1635. B. niveus Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1186, t. 1160, as Bolbitius
conocephalus Bull. Niveus, snow white.
P. 2-3 cm., pure white, fleshy, campanulate, obtusely umbonate,
smooth, slightly viscid ; margin striate. St. 7-9 cm. x 3-4 mm., pure
white, gradually attenuated upwards from the clavato-bulbous base,
rather tough, shining. Gills pallid, then salmon colour, free, narrowed
behind, 2 mm. broad, broadest in front, subdistant. Flesh white,
thick at the disc. Spores salmon colour, elliptical, 18 x 9-10/Lt. Earth
in palm house. Rare.
1636. B. tener Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 681, t. 691. Tener, tender.
P. 7-15 mm., white, yellowish white, or flesh colour, then whitish,
very delicate, conical, elongated, 8-25 mm. high, moist, smooth. St.
4—7 cm. x 2 mm., white, base bulbous or slightly thickened. Gills
salmon colour, nearly free, attenuated behind, narrow, not crowded.
Flesh white, very thin. Spores "salmon colour, elliptical, 15-16 x
8-10/x" Massee. Lawns, and rich pastures. May — Sept. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
Spores black, or blackish fuscous. Gills auto-digested
from below upwards.
Coprinus (Pers.) Fr.
(KOTTpos, dung.)
Pileus fleshy, or membranaceous, regular. Stem central, confluent,
or distinct from the pileus, with or without a ring or volva. Gills
free, adnate, or attached to a collar, very thin, parallel-sided, or
subparallel-sided, and auto-digested from below upwards. Spores
black, violet black, chocolate, or fuscous ; oval, elliptical, subglobose,
angularly subglobose, pip-shaped, almond-shaped, or cordiform,
smooth, very rarely echinulate; with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia
usually large, rarely absent. Growing on the ground, on dung, and
on wood. Solitary, or caespitose.
I. Gills covered above with a fleshy or membranaceous cuticle, hence
the p. does not open into furrows along the gills but becomes torn
and re volute.
*Furnished with a ring arising from the volva ;
the cuticle torn into scales.
1637. C. comatus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 644, t. 658.
Comatus, hairy.
P. 4-6 cm., white, becoming pinkish at the margin and finally black,
32—2
500 COPRINUS
fleshy, cylindrical, 5-15 cm. high, then campanulate, the continuous
cuticle soon separating into adpressed, shaggy scales, the scales becoming
ochraceous at their apices, disc deep ochraceous, remaining persistently
entire, at length striate; margin often torn and unequal. St. 12-
25 x 1—2 cm., white, then dingy or lilac white, attenuated upwards
from the bulbous, rooting base, fibrillose, silky, shining. King white,
membranaceous, thin, torn, movable, fugacious. Gills white, then pink,
at length black and deliquescent, free, separate from the st., linear,
6-10 mm. broad. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores black, ellip-
tical, often with a lateral apiculus, 11-13 x 6-7 /x. Cystidia vesicu-
lose, 50-65 x 20-30/A. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, pastures, road-
sides, especially ground made up with night soil. April — Dec. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
var. ovatus (Schaeff.) Quel. Schaeff. Icon. t. 7. Ovatus, egg-shaped.
Differs from the type only in its smaller size and the ovate p.
var. clavatus (Batt.) Quel. Schaeff. Icon. t. 8. Clavatus, club-shaped.
Differs from the type in the elongate elliptical p., the rootless st., the
shaggy volva-like ring, and the gills never becoming pink.
1638. C. umbrinus Cke. & Massee. Umbrinus, umber.
P. 2-5-4-5 cm., dark umber, fleshy, conico-hemispherical, then almost
plane, finally splitting at the margin and revolute, coarsely sulcate up
to the disc, universal veil generally remaining as a large white patch at
the apex, elsewhere covered with scattered, snow white, fioccose scales.
St. 10-15 cm. x 6-8 mm., dark umber, slightly and gradually at-
tenuated upwards from the bulbous, slightly rooting base, polished,
shining. Volva persistently white, sheathing the base of the st., and
free and reflexed about 2 cm. from the base. Gills becoming black, edge
persistently white, free, distant from the st., 3 mm. broad, thin,
crowded. Flesh umber, exceedingly thin. Spores sooty-black, elliptic-
oblong, obliquely apiculate, 17-18 x 9/u. Cystidia absent. Manured
ground. Aug. Rare.
1639. C. sterquilinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 646, t. 660.
Sterguilinum, a dung-pit.
P. 2-5 cm., white, then silvery grey, disc tinged fuscous, submem-
branaceous, ovato-conical, then campanulate, scarcely expanded,
obtuse, fragile, deeply sulcate, the furrows forked, silky-villose, disc
squarrose with divergent, imbricated scales', margin at length split.
St. 8-15 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, attenuated upwards, fragile, fibrillose,
base bulbous, becoming blackish when touched. Ring white, membrana-
ceous, narrow, near the base and volva-like. Gills white, then pink, and
at length purplish umber, free, slightly ventricose, 5-6 mm. broad.
Flesh greyish, then whitish, very thin. Spores black, broadly elliptical,
COPRINUS 501
14-23 x 9-14/u,. Cystidia "on edge of gill vesiculose, filled with a
reddish juice" Rick. Dung-heaps, and gardens. July — Sept. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1640. C. oblectus (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 142.
OUectus, delightful.
P. 3-5 cm., whitish, then bright flesh colour, at length black, mem-
branaceous, cylindrical, then conico-campanulate, covered with white
silky scales, sulcate nearly up to the disc. St. 8-12 cm. x 5-6 mm.,
white, slightly attenuated upwards, soft, silky. Volva brownish on
the outside, white on the inside, large, free, spreading, up to 6 mm.
broad. Gills becoming blackish, with a tinge of flesh colour, free,
linear. Flesh white, thin. Spores black, elliptic-oblong, with an oblique
basal point, 16 x 8-9 /z. Newly made dung-hills. Aug. — Nov. Rare.
(v.v.)
1641. C. squamosus Morg. Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist, vi, t. 8.
Squamosus, scaly.
P. 2-8 cm., cinereous, covered with reddish brown scales, submem-
branaceous, ovoid, 2-3 cm. high, then expanded, at length splitting
and revolute. St. 6-15 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, equal, often attenuated
at the base, covered with reddish brown scales below the ring, smooth
above. Ring distant, narrow, fugacious. Gills white, then reddish
brown, and finally black, free, ventricose. Flesh brownish under the
cuticle, white elsewhere, thin. Spores black, boat-shaped, 9-10 x 5/i.
Caespitose. Base of trunks, elms, and old palings. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
**Somewhat ringed, but not with a volva. P. dotted, or
spotted with minute, innate squamules.
1642. C. atramentarius (Bull.) Fr. (= Coprinus 'fuscescens (Schaeff.)
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 648, t. 662. Atramentarius, inky.
P. 5-8 cm., lurid fuliginous, becoming hoary with adpressed, silky
lustre, fleshy, ovate, obtuse, wholly longitudinally and deeply sulcate
and ribbed, soft to the touch, minutely mealy, repand-unequal at the
margin, disc often squamulose, slightly adpressedly silky at the sides.
St. 7-20 cm. x 8-18 mm., white, at first ventricose, fusiform, attenuated
shortly downwards, and for a greater distance upwards, furrowed,
then elongato-attenuated upwards, firm, longitudinally fibrillose, apex
smooth, base often with a few tawny squamules. Ring white, basal,
very fugacious. Gills whitish, then brown-black, quite free, ventricose,
10-15 mm. broad, edge flocculose. Flesh fuliginous, scissile. Spores
black, elliptical, 9-10 x 5ju,, 1-multi-guttulate. Cystidia cylindric-
saccate, 50-120 x 25-37 ju,. Taste mild. Edible. Caespitose rarely
solitary. Woods, pastures, and gardens, almost always connected with
buried wood. May — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
502 COPBINUS
var. soboliferus (Fr.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 649, t. 848.
Soboles, offshoot ;fero, I bear.
Differs from the type in the truncate, more squamulose p., and in
the stems arising from a common tuberous base. Base of stumps, rotten
palings, and in hot-houses. May — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1643. C. fuscescens (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Coprinus atramentarius (Bull.)
Fr. sec. Quel.) Fuscescens, becoming fuscous.
P. 5— 7 '5 cm., whitish, or greyish, disc becoming fuscous, or rufescent,
submembranaceous, globose, then ovate and expanded, at length
revolute when deliquescent, at first covered with a somewhat mealy
pruina, then smooth, or rimosely squamulose on the disc, obtuse. St.
4-7'5 cm. x 4—6 mm., white, equal, fragile, slightly silky under a lens,
at first obsoletely ringed towards the base. Gills white, then umber, free,
very broad, semi-ovate. Flesh fuscous in the p. and base of st., thick
at the disc. Spores fuscous black, "elliptical, apiculate, 10 x 6/z"
Massee. Caespitose. Elm stumps, rotten wood, wood in cellars.
May — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. rimoso-squamosus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 651, t. 664.
Rimosus, cracked; squamosus, scaly.
Differs from the type only in the p. becoming cracked into angular
patches. Hardly worthy of a varietal name. About stumps. Oct.
Uncommon.
***Universal veil floccose, at first continuous, then broken up into
superficial scales which form patches on the p.
1644. C. picaceus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 652, t. 665.
Picaceus, appertaining to a magpie.
P. 5-10 cm., fuliginous black, variegated with broad, unequal, super-
ficial, separating, white scales, from the breaking up of the universal
woven veil, striate. St. 10-25 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, attenuated up-
wards from the bulbous base, fragile, smooth. Gills white, then pinkish,
at length black, free, ventricose, 8-12 mm. broad. Flesh brownish
under the cuticle of the p., pallid elsewhere, thick only at the disc.
Spores black, broadly elliptical, with a basal apiculus, 14-18 x 8-12/x;
"basidia pyriform, 30-45 x 15-17/n. Cystidia conical-cylindrical,
100-150 x 30-50 ju," Rick. Said to be poisonous. Smell none, or
foetid. Frondose woods, especially beech, and roadsides. Sept. —
Dec. Rather uncommon, (v.v.)
1645. C. aphthosus Fr. a<f)0at, the thrush.
P. 2—3 cm., livid, submembranaceous, ovate, 2-5 cm. high, then cam-
panulate, expanded, deliquescing slowly, covered with the universal veil,
soon separating into floccose, white, fugacious scales. St. 5 cm. x 4 mm.,
COPRINUS 503
white, soft, somewhat fragile, equal, often twisted, fibrillose. Gills
white, then blackish, adnate, linear. Spores "black, lemon-shaped,
8-5-10 x 5-5-6-5/z. Cystidia vesiculose, cylindric-oval, 50-75 x 20-
27jit"Lange. Subcaespitose. Hollow trees, especially willow. Sept. —
Oct. Bare.
var. Boltonii Massee. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 26. James Bolton.
Differs from the type in the repand, olivaceous p. Decaying pieces
of moist wood in cellars, cold kitchens, etc. Common.
1646. C. flocculosus (DC.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 654, t. 667.
Flocculosus, flocculose.
P. 4-10 cm., dingy white, membranaceous, ovate, then expanded
and splitting in the direction of the gills, striate, covered over with
floccose scales. St. 6-10 x 1 cm., white, attenuated upwards from the
swollen base, finely silky under a lens. Gills violaceous, then fuscous
Hack, free, ventricose. Spores fuscous black, elliptical, 10 x 7-8ju,.
Cystidia cylindrical, 30x12 /LI. Solitary, rarely caespitose. Pastures,
and gardens. June — Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
1647. C. similis B. & Br. Similis, like.
P. 2-5-4 cm., pallid, disc darker, hygrophanous, ovato-campanulate,
lineato-striate, clothed with acute separating warts which, are fuscous at
the apex. St. 6-7 cm. x 4-5 mm., white, broader at the base. Gills
brownish near the margin, adnate, attenuated behind, somewhat linear.
Spores "brown, elliptic-oval with a germ-pore, 8-9 x 5-6 /x. Cystidia
vesiculose, 30-36 x 15-25^" Rick. Trunks of dead trees. Sept. Rare.
****P. at first clothed with distinct flocci, or lax villous down,
which fall off and disappear. Ring none.
1648. C. exstinctorius (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 437, fig. 1.
Exstinctorius, like an extinguisher.
P. 2—7-5 cm., pale, disc darker, sublivid, submembranaceous, clavate,
then campanulate, at length rimosely split, expanded, scarcely revolute,
firm, floccoso- scaly with the universal veil, becoming bare from the margin
upwards; margin striate. St. 8-12 cm. x 5-6 mm., white, attenuated
upwards from the rooting base, smooth, base cottony. Gills white, then
fuscous blackish, reaching the st., narrow, lanceolate. Spores fuscous
purple, almond-shaped, 8-11 x 6-7 /u,, "mitriform" Rick. Generally
solitary. On the ground, at the base of ash trees, or in woods. May —
Sept. Rare.
1649. C. macrorhizus (Pers.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 657, t. 670, as
Coprinus fimetarius Fr. var. macrorhizus Pers.
/ia/c/ao?, long; pl%a, root.
P. 2-5 cm., cinereous, or livid, then tinged fuscous, submembrana-
504 COPRINUS
ceous, oval, then campanulate, 1-5-5 cm. high, at length revolute, ribbed
and furrowed from the apex to the margin, at first floccosely mealy with
the fugacious veil, becoming naked from the apex downwards; margin
thin, deliquescing. St. 2-6 cm. x 4-15 mm., white, equal, or slightly
attenuated upwards, continued into a long, thin, tapering root from the
base, 1-5-10 cm. long, somewhat silky. Gills white, then black, edge
white, free, ventricose. Flesh greyish, becoming white, very thin.
Spores black, almond-shaped, 11-15 x 8-9 /A. Cystidia vesiculose.
Smell often strong. Solitary, or caespitose. On decaying vegetable
matter, more rarely where dung-heaps have been. Woods, and home-
steads. July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1650. C. cinereus (Schaeff.) Cke. Cke. lUus. no. 658, t. 671.
Cinereus, ash colour.
P. 1-4 cm., ashy grey, disc often fuscous, membranaceous, cylindrical,
1-5-4 cm. high, then campanulate, and at length revolute, densely
covered with white, fugacious flocci, then naked and striate. St. 4-
11 cm. x 3-6 mm., white, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards from
the thickened base, densely covered with white, fugacious, downward
pointing flocci. Gills white, then black, free, lanceolate. Flesh of p.
fuscous, white in the st., very thin at the margin. Spores black, pip-
shaped, 9-11 x 6-7 /z. Cystidia vesiculose, 60-70 x 30-40/z. Woods,
heaths, pastures, and manure beds. Feb. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1651. C. echinosporus Buller. e% 41/05, hedgehog; (nropd, seed.
P. 3 cm. broad, 18 mm. high, white, then grey, and finally dirty
yellowish brown, oval, then conico-campanulate, becoming flattened,
and finally revolute and radially splitting along the lines of the
longest gills, at first clothed with short, dense down, then breaking
up into small, delicate, thin, fugacious tufts or scales; hairs some-
times branched, consisting of slender cells, 80-150 x 5-10/Li. St.
9 cm. x 3 mm. at base, white, slightly attenuated upwards, straight,
or flexuose, firm, adpressedly hairy. Gills blackish at maturity, ad-
nexed, very thin, very slightly wedge-shaped, auto-digesting on the
edge. Flesh brownish yellow, brownish at the apex of the p., becoming
finally dirty ochraceous. Spores black in the mass, very dark and
opaque under the microscope, finely warted, or echinulate, oval, more
or less pip-shaped, apex truncate, 9-11 x 5-7 /A, with an apical germ-
pore through which a transparent membrane often protrudes', basidia
of three lengths, surrounded by 3-4 paraphyses. Cystidia abundant,
conical, rounded at both ends, generally parallel-sided, rarely globose,
70-95 x 23-30/x, varying up to 105/z in length and 45-57 /A in diam.
Sticks dredged from a pool. Oct. Rare.
C. fimetarius (Linn.) Fr. = Coprinus macrorhizus (Pers.) Rea, and
Coprinus cinereus (Schaeff.) Cke.
COPRINUS 505
1652. C. tomentosus (Bull.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 156.
Tomentosus, downy.
P. 1-5-4 cm., grey white, submembranaceous, cylindrical, 3-4 cm.
high, then conical, or narrowly pyramidal, not expanded, striate, at
length longitudinally cracked, entirely covered with a greyish felty veil,
which becomes torn into scales during expansion. St. 5—7-5 cm. x 4—
6 mm., greyish, subequal, velvety, base thickened, rooting. Gills
whitish, then fuscous blackish, free, linear, edge at first white-micaceous.
Flesh white, very thin at the margin. Spores "reddish brown, trans-
parent, 25 x 7-8/*. Cystidia vesiculose-bottle-shaped, 30-40 x 20-
30 fj," Eick. On dung. Rich pastures, roadsides, and woods. Sept.
Uncommon.
1653. C. niveus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 659, t. 672, fig. B.
Niveus, snow white.
Entirely snow white. P. 1-5-5 cm., submembranaceous, ovate, soon
campanulato-expanded, at length revolute, split and torn, mealy
floccose, often squamulose. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., attenuated
upwards, very fragile, densely covered with fugacious, upward pointing
flocci, becoming smooth. Gills white, then flesh colour, and finally
blackish, adnexed, narrow. Flesh white, very thin at the margin.
Spores black, broadly elliptical, 15 x 10-12/*,, often apiculate at one
end. Cystidia vesiculose. On dung, especially horse. Woods, and
pastures. May — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. astroideus Fr. aa-r^p, star; elSos, shape.
Differs from the type in the squamose, grey p. becoming inverted and
smooth, and in the elongate, thin, smooth st., stellate at the base. Woody
places.
1654. C. roseotinctus Rea. Roseus, rose; tinctus, coloured.
P. 5—8 mm.., fuscous, densely powdered with rose coloured meal, mem-
branaceous, cylindrical, 7-11 mm. high, then campanulate, at length
revolute, umbonate, silky, striate, becoming sulcate along the back
of the gills; margin torn. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, at first densely
powdered with deep rose coloured meal, then only sparingly powdered
near the apex at maturity, equal, becoming elongate and flexuose;
base bulbous, white floccose. Gills white, then black, adnexed, 1-
1-5 mm. broad, deliquescent. Flesh greyish, thin. Spores black, pip-
shaped, slightly apiculate, 9-11 x 5-6 p. Ash plantations, and under
trees. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1655. C. cothurnatus Godey. Gillet, Champ. Fr. Hym. t. 175.
icoQopvos, a high hunting boot.
P. 2-3 cm., membranaceous, dingy white, reddish, flesh coloured (or
yellowish sec. Massee), conico-campanulate, then expanded, umbonate,
506 COPRINUS
and irregularly split, densely furfuraceous. St. 3-4 cm. x 2-4 mm.,
white, attenuated upwards, squamulose, base sheathed with white,
fibrillose squamules. Gills white, then flesh coloured, at length blackish,
free, sublanceolate, crowded. Flesh very thin. Spores black, ellip-
tical. Cow dung. Pastures. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
*****P. covered with small micaceous scales, or granules which
fall off and disappear. Ring none.
1656. C. micaceus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 660, t. 673.
Micaceus, glittering.
P. 3—6 cm., yellow ferruginous, yellowish livid, disc darker, at length
date-brown-fuscous, ferruginous ochraceous when dry, submembrana-
ceous, oval, then campanulate, undulato-lobed, rimosely split, striate,
at first covered with glistening micaceous particles, soon naked and be-
coming sulcate, disc even ; margin plicate and irregular. St. 5-20 cm. x
4-8 mm., white, or whitish, equal, silky, often curved, fibrillose, be-
coming smooth. Gills white, or isabelline, then brown, or livid at the
edge, and finally fuscous blackish, adnexed, lanceolate. Flesh pallid,
thin at the disc. Spores fuscous black, pip-shaped, or elliptical with
a long apiculus, 9-10 x 5)n. Cystidia cylindric-oblong, apex rounded,
85-140 x 48-75/z. Edible. Densely caespitose. Stumps, old posts,
and buried wood. Woods, pastures, and hedgerows. Jan. — Dec.
Common, (o.v.)
1657. C. truncorum (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 6.
Truncorum, of tree trunks.
P. 2—4 cm., globose, then campanulate, ferruginous ochraceous,
densely covered with micaceous meal, soon naked, striate, not becoming
sulcate. St. 7—10 x 3-4 mm., white, very fragile, somewhat striate,
smooth. Gills white, then rosy, at length black, free. Spores fuscous,
elliptical, 12-14 x6/z. Caespitose. Rotten willow trunks. Uncommon.
1658. C. frustulosum Sacc. Sacc. Myc. Ven. Spec. t. 6, figs. 10-14,
from Atti della Soc. Ven.-Trent. n.
Frustulosum, consisting of small fragments.
P. 3-6 cm., covered up to the yellow umbo with rosy red micaceous meal,
ovate, 1 cm. high, then campanulate, umbonate, even. St. 1-5-
12-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, glistening, very brittle, conical, then
cylindrical, smooth, apex mealy. Gills reddish white, then black, free.
Spores 8 x 6/x. Caespitose. Amongst long grass near a post, and
under Rhododendra. Sept. Rare.
1659. C. aratus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 661, t. 674. apba>, I plough.
P. 5-7-5 cm., umber, submembranaceous, campanulate, then ex-
panded, deeply sulcate up to the darker, usually wrinkled disc, sprinkled
with large micaceous particles, revolute in decay. St. 10-15 cm. x
4—6 mm., snow white, attenuated upwards from the slightly bulbous
COPRINUS 507
base, silky. Gills deep rich brown, then black, attached, then seceding
and becoming free, narrow, attenuated at both ends. Flesh brownish,
thin. Spores 15 x IQ-llju. Solitary, or clustered. Hollow trees, rich
ground, and manure heaps. May — Aug. Uncommon.
1660. C. radians (Desm.) Fr. Radians, radiant.
P. 2-3 cm., yellow tawny, becoming pale, membranaceous, ovate,
then campanulate and expanded, micaceous, disc granular, silicate;
margin striate. St. 2-4: cm. x 4—8 mm., white, slightly attenuated
upwards from the swollen base, and arising from a dense mass of tawny
mycelium, the Ozonium of old authors. Gills white, then violaceous
black, adnate, linear, 3-4 mm. broad. Flesh white, tawny under the
cuticle of the p. and in the St., thin at the margin. Spores black,
elliptic fusiform, 9-10 x 4— 5fj,, 1-2-guttulate, with a hyaline germ-
pore at each end. Caespitose. On stumps, especially elm, old stacked
logs, and plaster walls. April — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1661. C. papillatus (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 663, t. 676, fig. B.
Papillatus, having a nipple.
P. 4-15 mm., fuscous, disc darker, membranaceous, ovate, then
campanulate, at length flattened and revolute, torn, striate, scurfy,
beset with minute warts, which are more crowded on the disc. St. 2-
3 cm. x 2 mm., hyaline-pellucid, equal, smooth except at the base.
Gills blackish, then black, tree, few. Spores "brownish black, angu-
larly oval, 7-8 x 6-7 /i. Cystidia vesiculose" Rick. On the ground,
and on dung. Pastures, and gardens. June — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. oxygenus Fr. o£u5, sharp; 761/09, race.
Differs from the type in the whitish p., inclining to grey, slightly
fiocculose as well as the st.
1662. C. Patoufflardii Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 8.
N. Patouillard, the eminent French mycologist.
P. 5-20 mm., ashy -grey, disc yellowish, rough with minute reddish
granules, membranaceous, conico-campanulate, then expanded, pli-
cato-sulcate up to the disc at maturity. St. 1-4 cm. x 2 mm., white,
fragile, slightly attenuated upwards, smooth. Gills cream colour, then
black, free, attached to a collar, 2 mm. broad, distant. Flesh white,
reddish at the disc and base of the st., very thin. Spores black, with a
hyaline apiculus, angularly globose, 6-7 /A. Spent tea leaves. July.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
******P. smooth, without floccose, or micaceous
squamules. Veil none.
1663. C. alternatus (Schum.) Fr. Alternatus, alternate.
P. 3-4 cm., chalky-pallid, disc pale umber, fleshy, hemispherical,
discoid, smooth, striped with alternately broad and narrow striae. St.
508 COPRINUS
7-10 x 4-6 mm., whitish, attenuated upwards from the thickened
base, smooth. Gills cinereous, then black, adnate, linear. Flesh thin.
Spores "black, broadly pip-shaped, 10 x 6-7 /u." Massee. Subcaespi-
tose. On the ground. Rare.
1664. C. erythrocephalus (Lev.) Fr. (= Coprinus oblectus (Bolt.) Fr.
sec. Quel.) Lev. Ann. sc. nat. (1841), t. 14, fig. 3.
epvdpos, red; Ke<f>a\ri, head.
P. 1 cm., reddish vermilion, at length grey, membranaceous, conico-
campanulate, 1 cm. high, smooth, striate. St. 2-3 cm., paler than
the p., naked. Gills fuscous, then black, slightly adnexed, crowded.
Gregarious. On limed soil. Spring. Rare.
1665. C. deliquescens (Bull.) Fr. Deliquescens, melting away.
P. 5-10 cm., livid fuliginous, membranaceous, ovato-campanulate,
then expanded, smooth, disc papillate with minute points, never split,
but revolute and striate, the striae broad but not deep. St. 7-10 cm. x
4-8 mm., shining white, equally attenuated upwards, corticate, smooth.
Gills clay colour, then lurid blackish, free, at length remote from the st.,
flexuose, very narrow, only 1 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh thin.
Spores black, "elliptical, 8 x 5/t, obliquely apiculate" Massee. Sub-
caespitose. On trunks, stumps, and heaps of leaves. Aug. — Oct. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
1666. C. digitalis (Batsch) Fr. Digitalis, belonging to the finger.
P. 2-3 cm., whitish, or straw coloured, disc often darker, becoming oli-
vaceous livid or yellowish cinereous, submembranaceous, fragile, ovate,
then campanulate, 2-3 cm. high, quite smooth and naked, moist, striate,
except at the even disc. St. 2-5-12-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., shining white,
equal, somewhat fiexuose, smooth, corticate, fragile, base villose. Gills
whitish brown, then black, somewhat free, reaching the st., ventricose;
edge white, micaceous. Spores "brown, elliptical, 8-9 x 5/n" Rick.
Caespitose. Damp places in woods, and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common.
1667. C. congregates (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 667, t. 679.
Congregatus, collected into a flock.
P. 1-2 cm., pale ochraceous, membranaceous, cylindrical, then cam-
panulate, 1-5-2 cm. high, viscid, smooth; margin striate, split when
expanded. St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., white, equal, smooth. Gills white,
then black, reaching the st., linear. Flesh white, yellowish at the disc,
very thin. Densely caespitose. Woods, roadsides, and gardens. Sept. —
Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1668. C. tardus Karst. Cke. Illus. no. 666, t. 719. Tardus, late.
P. 2-5-5 cm., bright brown, becoming pale ochraceous tan, fleshy,
fragile, ovate, then campanulate, 2-5-5 cm. high, sulcate, or deeply
COPRINUS 509
striate, smooth, rather dry. St. 10-15 cm. x 4 mm., whitish, equal,
somewhat flexuose, slightly downy, apex minutely striate. Gills whitish,
then tinged with brown, at length black. Flesh whitish, thin at the
margin. Spores blackish brown, elliptical, or sometimes subangular,
12-15 x 7-9/A. Cystidia "vesiculose, very large, conically flask-
shaped, up to 24/A broad" Lange. Caespitose. Naked soil. Oct.
Rare.
C. hydrophorus (Bull.) Quel. = Psathyrella hydrophora (Bull.) Fr.
II. P. very thin, without a pellicle, at length opening into furrows
along the back of the gills, and becoming plicato-sulcate. St. thin,
fistulose. Gills melting away into very thin lines.
*St. annulate, or volvate.
1669. C. dilectus Fr. (= Coprinus oblectus (Bolt.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr.
Icon. t. 140, fig. 2. Dilectus, beloved.
P. 1—2*5 cm., whitish, then rosy, at length reddish, submembrana-
ceous, campanulate, obtuse, floccosely mealy, at length split, revolute,
and naked. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2—4 mm., whitish, attenuated downwards,
sprinkled with red fibrils. Volva reduced to whitish, spreading, fuga-
cious squamules at the base. Gills white, then reddish fuscous, at length
black, free, somewhat lanceolate, crowded. Flesh white, reddish at the
disc, very thin at the margin. Spores black, elliptical, 10 x 6/u.. Cys-
tidia "ovate, vesiculose, average breadth 23/i" Lange. On the
ground. Burnt ground in beech woods, and bare soil. Nov. Rare.
(v.v.)
1670. C. ephemeroides (BuU.) Fr. BuU. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 582, fig. 1.
e<£?7/u,e/309, lasting but a day; elSo?, like.
P. 4-6 mm., whitish, or livid, membranaceous, pellucid, cylindrical,
5—20 mm. high, then campanulate, sprinkled with superficial flocci,
plicato-sulcate, at length split and revolute. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm.,
white, smooth, base bulbous and hairy. Ring white, very tender, mov-
able, narrow. Gills white, then black, free, distant from the st., very
tender. Spores black, subglobose, often somewhat angular, 7x5-
6/n. "Cystidia globose, 23-30^" Lange. On horse and cow dung.
July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1671. C. bulbfflosus Pat. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 7.
Bulbillosus, with a little bulb.
P. 5-10 cm., grey, disc yellow, convex, then expanded, at first
covered with white meal; margin striate, incurved. St. 10-20 x 1 mm.,
white, smooth, base bulbous. Ring white, movable, median. Gills
grey, then black, narrow, 1 mm. broad. Flesh white, yellowish at the
disc, very thin. Spores black, subglobose, angular, 8-9 x 8/x. Horse
dung. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
510 COPRINUS
1672. C. Hendersonii Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 668, t. 680, fig. A.
J. L. Henderson.
P. 2-12 mm., cinereous, disc brownish, membranaceous, cylindrical,
then ovali-campanulate, at length plane, minutely granular under a
lens, striate half way up; margin folded. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 1-2 mm.,
white, attenuated upwards, nearly or quite smooth. Eing white, cup-
shaped, more or less distant, permanent, fixed. Gills white, then black,
free, narrow, rather distant, edge white. Flesh white, very thin. Spores
black, "spherical, apiculate, 8-9 /A" Quel. Hotbeds, and horse dung.
Feb.— Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1673. C. Bresadolae Schulz.
L'Abbe J. Bresadola, the eminent mycologist of Trieste.
P. 8 mm., greyish white, disc tinged brown, membranaceous, sub-
cylindrical, 17 mm. high, at first covered with a very thin universal
veil, which does not break up into squamules, but splits from apex
to base, and becomes obliterated. St. 12 cm. x 4 mm., white, tapering
upwards, smooth. Ring loose, deciduous. Gills black, edge white.
Spores black, cylindrical, ends rounded, 12-17 x 6/z. Gregarious.
Worked wood, and on the ground amongst rotten branches. Sept.
Rare.
1674. C. volvaceo-minimus Crossland.
Volvaceus, having a volva ; minimus, least.
P. 4-6 mm., grey, inclining to cinereous, disc darker, membrana-
ceous, ovate, then campanulate, sprinkled with white squamules, striate;
margin at length split and reflexed. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., white,
hyaline, apex slightly swollen, smooth; bulbous base furnished with a
distinct, sheathing, persistent ring, or collar, half the width of the p.,
and finally reflexed. Gills becoming blackish purple, almost free, narrow,
attenuated at each end. Spores blackish purple, subglobose, 6-7 /z,
minutely apiculate. Manure heaps. Rare.
**P. clothed with superficial, separating floccules.
Gills free. Ringless.
1675. C. lagopus Fr. Saund. & Sm. Myc. 111. t. 19.
\ayo)<;, a hare; TTOVS, foot.
P. 2-5 cm., whitish, or greyish, disc livid, very tender, pellucid,
cylindrical, then campanulate, covered with white, fugacious fibrils,
then naked, flattened and split, radiato-sulcate. St. 5-12-5 cm. x
2-6 mm., white, attenuated upwards rarely at the base, very fragile,
everywhere white woolly. Gills white, then black, free, at length remote,
linear. Flesh white, very thin. Spores black, elliptical, 10-12 x 6-
7 fj,. Cystidia "large, vesiculose, ovate, or oblong, about 12-25 /u,
broad" Lange. Rich soil, rotten wood, sawdust, and on dung. Woods,
and pastures. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
COPRINTJS 511
1676. C. lagopides Karst. Lagopus, the species G. lagopus, elSos, like.
P. 4-7 cm., whitish, disc cinereous, membranaceous, campanulate,
sulcate, then splitting, disc naked, clothed elsewhere with free, white,
pointed, feathery squamules; margin subrevolute. St. 17cm. x 3-
5 mm., slightly attenuated above, hollow, densely fioccose. Gills black,
free, crowded, linear. Spores black, ovoid, 6-8x5-6/u,, basidia 4-spored.
On the ground. Dec. Rare.
1677. C. narcoticus (Batsch) FT. Cke. Illus. no. 668, t. 680, fig. B.
vapKioTiKos, making numb.
P. 2-3 cm., white, or greyish, very tender, pellucid, conico-cylin-
drical, villose with white fioccose, fugacious, recurved scales, then flat-
tened, naked, striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., white, pellucid, equal, or
attenuated upwards, villosely fibrillose, becoming smooth. Gills white,
then blackish, free, reaching the st., narrow. Flesh white, very thin at
the margin. Spores blackish brown, elliptical, 11 x 5/n, "with a
hyaline epispore. Cystidia subglobose, 20-40 /u," Lange. Smell very
strong, foetid, narcotic-alkaline. Manure heaps. Oct.
1678. C. macrocephalus Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 670, t. 682, fig. A.
/i,a/c/909, long; K€(f>a\rj, head.
P. 12-15 mm., ashy grey, or slate colour, disc brown, submembra-
naceous, cylindrical, 18 mm- high, then cylindrico-campanulate,
sprinkled with adpressed, or patent, pointed scales; margin slightly
striate. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 4 mm., dirty white, attenuated upwards,
clothed with short cottony down, and with longer, sometimes defiexed,
loose fibres, base strigose. Gills at length black, quite free, linear, 1-
2 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores black,
"broadly elliptical, or obliquely pip-shaped, 11-15 x 7-9 /x" Massee.
Subcaespitose. Putrid dung. March — Sept. Rare.
1679. C. nycthemerus Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 542, fig. D, as
Agaricus ephemerus. vv%0ijfj,epov, a day and night.
P. 8-15 mm., grey, disc fuscous, or tawny, very tender, cylindrico-
conical, 12-15 mm. high, soon opening into furrows and flattened,
furfuraceo-fiocculose, at length naked and forked-striate. St. 4 cm. x
1-2 mm., whitish cream colour, becoming pale white, equal, flaccid,
smooth, base slightly bulbous. Gills ochraceous cream colour, then
brownish black, free, at length remote, narrow, linear. Spores "brownish
black, pruniform ovoid, 10/x," Quel. Subcaespitose. On dung. Pas-
tures, and gardens. July — Oct. Uncommon.
1680. C. cordisporus Gibbs. Lange, Dansk. Bot. Ark. bind 2, no. 3,
t. 1, fig. g. Cor, the heart; (nropd, seed.
P. 3-9 mm., whitish, or pallid ochraceous, disc sprinkled with tawny,
furfuraceous papillae, membranaceous, cylindric-ovate, 3-8 mm. high,
512 COPBINUS
then expanded, at length upturned, plicato-sulcate, splitting along
the backs of the gills; margin crenate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm.,
whitish-hyaline, glabrous, equal, base slightly thickened and densely
strigose-squamulose. Gills pale, then blackish, free, ending close to the
st., rather narrow, 25-30 in number in the larger pilei; intermediate
shorter ones few or none. Flesh whitish, very thin. Spores dark
brown-purple, laterally compressed, front view obtusely cordate,
9-10/u, diameter, side view elliptical, 9-11 x 5-6/n. Cystidia cylindric-
fusiform, 50 x lOp,. On cow, horse, sheep, and rabbit dung. April —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1681. C. radiatus (Bolt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 671, t. 683, fig. A.
Radiatus, beaming.
P. 2-6 mm,, dingy yellowish, or greyish, disc darker, often rufescent,
very tender, membranaceous, clavate, then campanulate, soon opening
into furrows, flattened, radiato-plicate, pellucid, covered with cinereous
down, soon naked. St. 5-25 x 1 mm., hyaline, equal, often pruinose
when young, becoming smooth, base silky and villose. Gills whitish,
then pallid blackish, free, few, distant. Flesh white, very thin. Spores
black, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/4. In troops. Cow, and horse dung.
Woods, and pastures. May — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1682. C. Spraguei Berk. & Curt. Cke. Illus. no. 671, t. 683, fig. B.
Charles J. Sprague.
P. 1-2 cm., greyish, disc tawny, very tender, membranaceous,
conical, then campanulate, at length expanded and revolute, tomen-
tose, plicate; margin coarsely striate. St. 3— 4 cm. x 1-2 mm., pale
cinnamon, equal, smooth. Gills white, then blackish, free, few, dis-
tant, narrow. Flesh whitish, tawny at the disc, very thin. Spores
black, "elliptical, slightly curved, 10 x 5/z" Massee. Gardens. July.
Rare.
1683. C. urticaecola (B. & Br.) Buller. Cke. Illus. no. 622, t. 596,
fig. B, as Psathyra urticaecola B. & Br.
Urtica, nettle; colo, I inhabit.
P. 4—6 mm., chalky white, spherical, then hemispherical, becoming
revolute and radially split, beset with numerous, small, white scales,
composed of matted hyphae. St. 1-5-2 cm. x 2 mm., white, at-
tenuated upwards, smooth, hollow, base floccose. Gills white, then
chocolate, ventricose, 1-5 mm. wide, very thin. Spores chocolate, oval,
7 x 4/Li; basidia dimorphic. Cystidia cylindrical-oval, firmly fixed
by both ends. Nettle roots, sticks, dead leaves and grass haulms.
June — Aug. Uncommon.
1684. C. platypus Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 675, t. 687, fig. B.
7T\aTi><;, broad; rroixf, foot.
P. 4-6 mm., white, then ochraceous flocculose, campanulate, convex,
COPRINUS 513
then expanded. St. 6-8 x 1 mm., whitish, flattened and discoid at the
base, smooth. Gills becoming black, free, narrow, distant. Flesh white,
thin. Spores "blackish, 8 x 6 /A" Massee. On dead stems of Phalaris
arundinacea, and on Palm stems in conservatories. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
1685. C. Spegazzinii Karat.
C. Spegazzini, the South American mycologist.
P. 3 cm., greyish, cylindrical, or oval, 2 cm. high, then expanding
and splitting up to the disc, at first with a cobweb-like covering, and
even, soon naked and grooved. St. 6-7 cm., white, thickened below and
rooting, adpressedly silky. Gills free. Flesh very thin. Spores elliptical,
9-14 x 5-6/A. On soil in a plant pot. Rare.
***P. micaceous or furfuraceous. Gills commonly adnate to the apex
of the st., which (in some species) is dilated into a ring or collar.
Ringless.
1686. C. domesticus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 140, fig. 3.
Domesticus, pertaining to the house.
P. 3-6 cm., fuliginous, disc date brown, submembranaceous, ovate,
then campanulate, furfuraceo-squamulose, then opening into furrows,
and flattened, undulato-sulcate, disc obtuse, even. St. 5-7-5 cm. x
2-6 mm., white, slightly firm, attenuated upwards, adpressedly silky,
then polished. Gills white, then flesh colour, at length fuscous blackish,
adnexed, linear, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white, fuliginous in the p., thin.
Spores black, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6 jn. Cystidia "only on edge of gill,
globular, about 5/n broad, with or without a 5-16/u, long, 5-6 /z broad,
appendix" Lange. Often caespitose. On damp carpets, in cellars,
on old walls, and in gardens. April — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1687. C. stercorarius Fr. Stercorarius, belonging to dung.
P. 2-3 cm., whitish, very tender, membranaceous, ovate, then cam-
panulate, at length expanded, pellucid, covered with dense, micaceous,
somewhat persistent, shining white meal; margin striate. St. 4-5 cm. x
2 mm., shining white, fragile, attenuated upwards from the thickened
base, pruinose, becoming smooth, often springing from a darkish
sclerotium. Gills white, soon black, adnexed, attenuated behind, ven-
tricose, 1-2 mm. broad. Flesh white, greyish at the disc, very thin.
Spores black, broadly elliptical, or subglobose, 7-10 x 7-8 /A. Cystidia
"vesiculose-clavate, 50-75 x 30-40 /A" Rick. Rich soil, dung, road-
sides. May — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1688. C. tuberosus Quel. (= Coprinus stercorarius Fr. sec. Lange.)
Quel. Soc. bot. xxv, t. 3, fig. 2. Tuberosus, having a swelling.
P. 3-5 mm., white, then greyish, membranaceous, elliptical, then
campanulate, finely striate, covered with hyaline, warted, granular
vesicles, the remains of the universal veil. St. 2—4 cm. x 1 mm., white>
514 COPRINUS
hyaline, equal, flexuose, silky, villose, springing from a small, Hawkish
brown sclerotium. Gills white, then purplish black, free, narrow, edge
micaceous. Flesh very thin. Spores black, elliptical, 12/z. On dung,
and decaying vegetable matter. Pastures. May — Dec. Uncommon.
1689. C. stellaris Quel. Quel. Soc. bot. xxiv, t. 5, fig. 6.
Stellaris, starry.
P. 1-2 mm., snow white, then greyish, ovate, then campanulate,
striate, at length split in a star-like manner, crowned with minute,
pellucid vesicles, the remains of the universal veil. St. 1-2 cm. x 1 mm.,
hyaline, velvety with long, silky white hairs. Gills greyish, then brown,
adnate, narrow. Spores for a long time hyaline, then brownish bistre,
elliptical, 8p. Fox, cow, and human dung. Caves, and pastures.
April — July. Rare.
1690. C. Friesii Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 23, fig. 5.
Elias Fries, the eminent Swedish mycologist.
P. 1-1-5 cm., snow white, then striate and violaceous at the margin,
at length grey, ovate elliptical, then revolute, floccosely mealy. St.
5-20 x 1 mm., white, equal, pulverulent, base surrounded by a floccose
collar. Gills white, then violaceous, at length brownish black, free,
narrow, crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores brownish black,
angularly globose, 8-10-5 x 6-7-5/1. Dead grass stems. Aug. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
1691. C. tigrinellus Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 139.
Tigrinettus, spotted like a tiger.
P. 1 cm., snow white, covered with small, scattered, blackish flocci,
especially at the disc, becoming rosy towards the striate margin and at
length greyish, oblong, then slightly campanulate, at length revolute
at the margin, pulverulent. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, equal,
smooth ; base somewhat marginately bulbous, velvety, and often with
blackish flocci like the p. Gills white, then brownish, free, narrow. Flesh
white, thin. Spores brownish black, fuliginous under the microscope,
broadly elliptical, 11 x 7fj,. Dead leaves of Carex riparia, Carex
paludosa, more rarely of Iris Pseudacorus. July — Aug. Uncommon.
1692. C. Gibbsii Massee & Crossland.
Thomas Gibbs, a Yorkshire mycologist.
P. -5 mm., pale ochraceous, disc darker, hemispherical, then ex-
panded, striate, smooth, minutely atomate. St. 4-7 mm., white, pellu-
cid, smooth, attached by a few white strands of mycelium. Gills
adnate, 5—7 in number. Spores purplish brown, subcircular, com-
pressed, 8-9 fj, in diameter, 5/u. thick. Cystidia pyriform. Horse, and
sheep dung. Nov. Uncommon.
COPRINUS 515
1693. C. ephemeras (Bull.) Fr. Cke. IUus. no. 673, t. 685, fig. B.
e<j)iifjLepo<;, lasting but a day.
P. 6-18 mm., greyish, disc rufescent, very tender, membranaceous,
ovali-clavate, then soon campanulate, and on opening into furrows
flattened, radiato-sulcate, disc elevated, often umbonate, even, at first
slightly scurfy, then naked (but minutely mealy under a lens). St.
2-5-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, pellucid, equal, smooth. Gills whitish,
then fuscous, at length black, reaching the st., remote, linear. Flesh
white, very thin. Spores black, ovate, or cylindrical-elliptical, 8—
10 x 5-5-8/z. Cystidia vesiculose, globular or subconical, sometimes
with a bottle-neck apex, 20-50 x 16-30 /A. On horse, and rabbit dung.
Dung-hills, and pastures. May — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
1694. C. bisporus Lange. (= Coprinus bisporiger Buller.)
Bis, twice; aTropd, seed.
P. 5-12 mm. high and broad, pallid, or ochraceous, then greyish-
hyaline, ovate-conical, then revolute and radially sulcate up to the
prominent disc, covered with erect, minute hairs, 45-120 x 12-24/z.
St. 3-8 cm. x 1-3 mm., white, equal, base strigose. Gills white, then
blackish, adnexed, narrow, 2 mm. wide. Flesh white, ochraceous under
the pellicle of the pileus, thin except at the disc. Spores purplish- brown
in the mass, dark brown under the microscope, oval, or oblong ellip-
tical, 12-14 x 6-7 /i ; basidia broadly ovate, 8-10/x in diam., with 2-
sterigmata. Cystidia inflated, ovate, 80-90 x 45-55/x. Wood and
dung. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1695. C. velox Godey. Gillet, Champ. Fr. Hym. t. 175
Velox, fleeting.
P. 3-4 mm., greyish, membranaceous, cylindrical then obovate, soon
expanded, striate, furrowed, disc and ribs scurfy. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 1mm.,
white, somewhat pellucid, covered with short, whitish fiocci, especially
towards the radiating fibrillose base. Gills grey, then black, reaching the
stem, thin. Flesh very thin. Spores "dark brown, elliptical, 7-5-9 x
4-5/z" Lange. Cystidia "none" Massee and Salmon. Cow, and horse
dung. Oct. — Jan. Uncommon.
1696. C. aquatilis Peck. Peck, 27th Rep. New York State Mus. t. 1,
figs. 26-28. Aquatilis, found in or near water.
P. 1-5-2 cm., yellowish brown, campanulate, sulcate-plicate almost
to the apex, scurfy. St. 5-7 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, equal, scurfy.
Gills brownish, then black, reaching the st. Flesh of p. pale orange,
thin. On decaying sticks, or twigs partly submerged, or lying in wet
mossy places, also on Luzula sylvatica. June. Rare.
33—2
516 COPRINUS
1697. C. sociatus Fr. (= Psathyrella crenata (Lasch) Fr. sec. Rick.)
Sociatus, gregarious.
P. 3-6 cm., fuscous, then becoming pale, disc date brown, even, and
umbilicate, very tender, ovali-cylindrical, then expanded, densely split
into furrows, the raised ribs slightly scurfy. St. 4-6 cm. x 1—2 mm.,
white, delicately attenuated from the base, smooth. Gills grey, then
cinereous black, adnexed in the form of a ring, attenuated behind,
slightly ventricose. Flesh very thin. Spores " brownish black, ovate-
oval, 12 x 1[i. Cystidia somewhat bottle-shaped with a broad neck,
20-25 JM broad" Lange. Damp ground in gardens, old walls, and
woods. July — Oct. Uncommon.
1698. C. plicatilis (Curt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 674, t. 686, fig. A.
Plicatilis, folded.
P. 1-3 cm., fuscous, then bluish-grey-cinereous, disc darker, fuscous
or rufescent, ovali-cylindrical, then campanulate, soon expanded,
opening into furrows, sulcato-plicate, for the most part smooth, disc
broad, even, at length depressed. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid,
somewhat pellucid, equal, smooth. Gills cream colour, then grey, at
length grey-blackish, remote from the st., and adnate to a collar formed
by the dilated apex of the st., distant. Flesh whitish, very thin. Spores
black, broadly elliptical, 10-12 x 8-9/z. Cystidia vesiculose, 60-
85 x 25-35/a. Woods, pastures, roadsides, and gardens. April — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
1699. C. curtus Kalchbr. (= Coprinus plicatiloides Buller.) Lange,
Dansk. Bot. Ark. bind 2, no. 3, t. 1, fig. h. Curtus, short.
P. -5-1-5 cm. broad, 3-8 mm. high, foxy-red, or rufescent to tan colour
at first, becoming grey to dark grey, disc tan coloured, oval, to cylindrical,
or elliptical, then expanded and flattened with a strongly depressed
disc, splitting along the lines of the gills and becoming plicate, bearing
a certain number of minute, scattered, flaky, separable, rufescent or
whitish scales, consisting of globose, angular, or elliptical cells, often
in chains, 12-30jt in diam., some brown and some colourless, not
ornamented with crystals of calcium oxalate, the pileus also villose
or downy with many colourless hairs, 70-100 x 5/x, enlarged at the
apex where minute drops of a clear fluid are exuded under moist
conditions. St. 2—8 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, becoming stained with dull
yellow, equal, smooth, hollow. Gills grey, then black, at first attached
to the stem by the margin for its entire length, then adnexed, and
finally free, linear, narrow ; margin, before autodigestion begins, slightly
divided, fimbriate. Flesh white, thin. Spores black in the mass, dark
brownish to black under the microscope, elliptical, 9-15 x 6-9/z.
Cystidia on gill surface none. Horse dung. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
(**)
COPRINUS 517
1700. C. filiformis B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 674, t. 686, fig. B.
Filum, a thread ; forma, shape.
P. 1-2 mm., grey, shining with white mealy particles, very tender,
cylindrical, 1-2 mm. high, striate. St. 10-15 x -5 mm., white,
hyaline, sprinkled with a few, short, delicate hairs. Gills "blackish,
adnate, linear" W. G. Sm. Spores "subglobose, 5 x 4/z," Massee.
On the ground. Woods, and pastures. April — Sept. Uncommon
(v.v.)
****P. always smooth. Ringless.
1701. C. hemerobius Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 675, t. 687, fig. A.
ri/Aepa, a day; /3io9, life.
P. 1-5-3 cm., greyish, disc and surface of ribs date brown, ovate, then
campanulate, radiately sulcate up to the even, not depressed disc, smooth.
St. 5-9 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid, fragile, attenuated upwards, smooth.
Gills pallid, then blackish, adnate to the dilated apex of the St., attenuated
at the margin, linear, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh white, very thin at the
margin. Spores black, elliptical, with a hyaline apical or oblique
germ-pore, 10-11 x 5/z. Cystidia "bottle-shaped, or cylindrical-
conical, 60-70 x 15-20 /x" Rick. Pastures, and woods, especially
beech. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
C. hiascens (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyrella hiascens Fr.
C. disseminatus (Pers.) Quel. = Psathyrella disseminata (Pers.) Fr.
1702. C. eburneus Quel. Quel. As. fr. (1883), t. 6, fig. 9.
Eburneus, white as ivory.
Entirely white and shining. P. 3-4 cm., elliptic campanulate, firm,
striate, polished, besprinkled with small, recurved, fugacious flocci.
St. 5 cm. x 6-8 mm., firm, smooth. Gills white, then deep bay, free,
lanceolate, tardily deliquescing. Spores violet, almond-shaped, 14/x.
Mountainous pastures. July — Sept. Rare.
1703. C. Schroeteri Karst. J. Schroter, the Silesian mycologist.
P. 1 cm., dingy ochraceous, becoming pale, at length sooty grey,
elliptical, then expanded, sulcate, smooth. St. 1-2 cm., minutely
pulverulent at first, slightly striate upwards. Gills brown, free. Spores
black, angularly subglobose, 13-15 x 8-12ju,. On cow dung. Rare.
var. proximellus (Karst.) Massee.
Proximellus, somewhat nearly related.
Differs from the type in the elliptical spores, 10-13 x 5-7 JLI.
Manured ground. Rare.
518 MARASMIUS
IV. Receptacle membranaceous, tough, reviving with moisture,
not putrescent. Spores white.
*Pileus with a thin, unspecialized cellular pellicle.
Marasmius Fr.
(fjiapaivo), I die away.)
Pileus membranaceous, or coriaceous, regular, or resupinate. Stem
central, or wanting, cartilaginous, or horny. Gills adnate, adnexed,
decurrent, or free, pliant, rather tough. Spores white ; elliptical, pip-
shaped, oblong elliptical, almond-shaped, tear-drop-shaped, globose,
or subglobose; smooth, punctate, or echinulate; continuous. Cystidia
present, or absent. Growing on the ground, or on wood; solitary,
gregarious, caespitose, or fasciculate.
A. Margin of p. incurved at first. St. cartilaginous.
Mycelium floccose.
a. St. externally villose, or pruinose. Gills separating, free.
*St. woolly, or strigose, at the base.
1704. M. urens (Bull.) Fr. (= Marasmius peronatus Bolt. sec. Quel.)
Gonnerm. & Rabenh. Heft. 8-9, t. 8, fig. 1. Urens, burning.
P. 3-7-5 cm., deep yellow, or pinkish buff, becoming paler, disc
darker and often slightly depressed, slightly fleshy, convex, then
plane, here and there squamulose, or rimoso-squamulose when dry;
margin thin, involute. St. 4—5 cm. x 2—6 mm., concolorous, equal, or
slightly bulbous at the base, covered with white farinose down. Gills
pale wood colour, then brown, free, united behind, at length remote,
distant, tough. Flesh yellowish. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped,
8 x 4/n, 1-2-guttulate. Taste very acrid. Woods. May— Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1705. M. peronatus (Bolt.) Fr. (= Marasmius urens Bull. sec. Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 1070, t. 1117.
Peronatus, wearing boots of untanned leather.
P. 3-6 cm., light yellowish, or pallid brick rufescent, then becoming
pale wood colour, or tan, at first fleshy-pliant, then coriaceo-membrana-
ceous, convex, then plane, obtuse, flaccid, slightly wrinkled, at length
lacunose; margin striate. St. 5-9 cm. x 2-6 mm., white, clothed with
dense white, or yellowish villose, strigose hairs in the basal third, at-
tenuated upwards, incurved at the base. Gills cream colour, then
pallid wood colour and rufescent, adnexed, then separating, free,
moderately thin, crowded. Flesh yellowish. Spores white, pip-shaped,
or tear-drop-shaped 7-10 x 4-5ju. Taste acrid. Woods. July — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
MARASMIUS 519
1706. M. porreus (Pers.) Fr. Porrum, a leek.
P. 2—5 cm., dingy yellowish, pallid when dry, coriaceo-membrana-
ceous, flaccid, convex, then flattened, obtuse; margin striate. St.
7-11 cm. x 3-5 mm., red-fuscous, paler at the apex, tough, pubescent,
somewhat thickened at both ends, villose at the base, containing a red
juice. Gills light yellowish, becoming pale, separating free, distant,
rather thick, tough, broadly linear, at length coriaceous. Flesh red-
dish. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/z,, 2-many-guttulate. Smell
strong, of garlic. Deciduous woods. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**St. naked at base.
1707. M. oreades (Bolt.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1072, t. 1118.
'O/jeta9, belonging to mountains.
P. 2-6 cm., rufescent, then becoming pale, hygrophanous, whitish when
dry, fleshy, pliant, convex, then plane, subumbonate; margin striate
when moist. St. 4-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, very tough, equal,
everywhere clothed with a villose-woven cuticle. Gills pallid-white, free,
broad, distant, the alternate ones shorter, at first soft, then firmer.
Flesh pale-ochraceous. Spores white, elliptical, with an oblique basal
apiculus, 7-8 x 5/x. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. In rings in
pastures, on lawns, and roadsides. May — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
1708. M. globularis Fr. (= Marasmius Wynnei B. & Br.) Trans. Brit
Myc. Soc. in, t. 13. Globularis, globular.
P. 1-5-3 cm., milk white, then shining, often tinted with rose or
greyish violet, and finally fuscous violaceous, globose, then campanulate,
hygrophanous, pellucidly striate. St. 2—5 cm. x 3—4 mm., white, then
brownish at the base, flexuose, pulverulent. Gills white, then dingy, free,
distant, ventricose. Spores white, ovoid pruniform, 9 x 7/z,, 1-guttu-
late. Smell pleasant like that of Marasmius oreades. Taste mild.
Edible. Beech woods, and under beeches. Aug. — Dec. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
var. carpathicus (Kalchbr.) Cost. & Dufour. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 26,
fig. 4. Carpathicus, Carpathian.
Differs from the type in the stem becoming blackish at the base.
On stumps and amongst dead leaves. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1709. M. plancus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1073, t. 1119, fig. A.
Plancus, flat footed.
P. 2-3 cm., rufescent, then becoming pale, thin, flexuose, plane, or
depressed, somewhat repand, obtuse. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., pale
yellow, soon compressed, unequal, twisted, covered with a white villose
cortex ; base naked, somewhat attenuated. Gills yellow, then bright bay,
or rust colour, narrow, distant, becoming free. Taste mild. Deciduous
woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
520 MARASMIUS
1710. M. scorteus Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1073, t. 1119, fig. B.
Scorteus, made of leather.
P. 6-10 mm., pallid, often whitish, slightly fleshy, convex, then
plane, obtuse, at length rugulose. St. 2-5 cm. x 1—2 mm., white, be-
coming fuscous and contorted when dry, equal, delicately pruinose at
the apex, tough. Gills white, quite free, remarkably broad, rounded
behind, ventricose. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 6/u,. Taste mild. De-
ciduous woods, moist places, and amongst grass under trees. Aug. —
Jan. Uncommon.
b. St. rooting, distinctly cartilaginous. Gills separa ting-free.
*St. woolly downwards, smooth upwards.
1711. M. prasiosmus Fr. (= Marasmius archyropus Pers. sec. Quel.)
Trpda-ov, a leek; 007x77, smell.
P. 1-3 cm., pale dingy yellow, or whitish, disc darker, submembrana-
ceous, campanulate, then convex and plane, obtuse, rugulose ; margin
striate when moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, becoming reddish
at the base, equal, tough, tomentose, thickened and often incurved at
the base, and adherent to the leaves. Gills white, then pallid, slightly
adnexed, somewhat crowded. Spores white, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 4-
5/A, 1-many-guttulate. Cystidia none. Smell and taste strqng, of garlic,
persistent. Edible. Beech woods. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1712. M. varicosus Fr. (= Marasmius fuscopurpureus Pers. sec.
Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 72. Varicosus, full of dilated veins.
P. 1-3 cm., fuscous purple, becoming darker when dry, submem-
branaceous, pliant, campanulate, then convex and plane, umbonate,
even. St. 3—6 cm. x 2—4 mm., rubiginous, blackish when dry, filled
with dark blood-coloured juice, which forms drops when it is broken, very
minutely tomentose, often longitudinally grooved; base reddish,
strigose. Gills white, then becoming concolorous with the pileus, adnate,
or almost free, very crowded, linear, very narrow. Flesh concolorous.
Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-5-3jLc. Damp mossy places. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1713. M. fuscopurpureus (Pers.) Fr. (= Marasmius varicosus Fr. sec.
Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1075, t. 1121, fig. B.
Fuscus, dark; purpureus, purple.
P. 1-3 cm., dark purple, becoming pale when dry, slightly fleshy, at
first hemispherical, then plane, obsoletely umbilicate, slightly wrinkled.
St. 2-5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, then rufous, or dark purple, sheathed
towards the base with strigose, rubiginous down. Gills rufescent, ad-
nexed in the form of a ring, then free, distant, narrow. Flesh dark
coloured. Spores white, elliptical, 4 x 3/u, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none.
Oak, and beech woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
MARASMIUS 521
1714. M. terginus Fr. (= Marasmius Stephensii Berk. sec. Fr.) Fr.
Icon. t. 174, fig. 4. Tergum, hide.
P. 1-3 cm., flesh colour when moist, whitish when dry, shining,
tough, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, at length somewhat
depressed ; margin striate when moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid
upwards, reddish downwards, slightly attenuated upwards, longi-
tudinally fissile, white villose at the rooting base. Grills pallid, separating
free, somewhat crowded, narrow. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical,
6-7 x 4jit, punctate. Taste mild. Edible. Amongst leaves, and on
twigs in deciduous woods. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon.
1715. M. esculentus (Wulf.) Karst. (= Cottybia esculenta (Wulf.) Fr.;
Collybia conigena Fr. (non Pers.) sec. Bres. ; Collybia clavus
SchaefL sec. Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 198, fig. 1.
Esculentus, edible.
P. 1-2-5 cm., lurid ochraceous, or pale yellowish, somewhat fleshy,
convex, then plane, moist, sometimes subumbonate; margin at first
pellucidly striate. St. 2-7 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, then concolorous,
equal, apex pruinose; base long, rooting, tomentosely fibrillose. Gills
white, often becoming yellowish at the edge, rounded behind, adnexed,
crowded. Spores white, oblong, 5-6 x 2-3/z. Cystidia capitate at the
apex, ventricosely fusiform, 40-66 x 10-18/*, very thick walled.
Taste slightly bitter. Edible. On buried cones of conifers in woods,
and plantations. Sept. — May. Common, (v.v.)
1716. M. conigenus (Pers.) Karst. (= Collybia conigena (Pers.) Bres.;
Collybia tenacella Fr. and Collybia stolonifera Jungh. sec. Bres.)
Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 198, fig. 2.
KWVOS, a cone; ytyvofiat, to be born.
P. 1-3 cm., fuscous, then paler, very rarely white, somewhat fleshy,
convex, or conico-campanulate, then expanded and subumbonate or
plane, moist. St. 2-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, soon ochraceous, equal,
apex white mealy; base long, rooting, tomentosely fibrillose. Gills
cinereous, then white, often becoming yellowish, sinuato-adnexed,
crowded. Spores white, oblong, depressed on one side, 4-5 x 2-5-
3/u.. Cystidia ventricosely fusiform, 48-72 x 10-14/i, thick walled.
Taste slightly bitter. Edible. On buried cones of conifers in woods,
and plantations. Sept. — May. Common, (v.v.)
**St. (at least when dry) everywhere pruinosely velvety.
M. Wynnei B. & Br. = Marasmius globularis Fr.
1717. M. erythropus (Pers.) Fr. (= Collybia erythropus (Pers.) Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 1077, t. 1123, fig. B. epvdpos, red; TTOVS, foot.
P. 2-3 cm., pallid, becoming whitish when dry, hygrophanous,
slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, slightly wrinkled when
522 MABASMIUS
dry, striate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4 mm., dark red, apex paler, firm, tough,
often compressed, shining, pruinose when dry, base white strigose.
Gills whitish, becoming flesh colour, separating free, broad, lax, con-
nected by veins, subdistant. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, pip-
shaped, 6 x 3/it. Taste mild. Edible. Deciduous woods, and heaths.
Sept. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1718. M. undatus (Berk.) Quel. (= Collybia undata Berk. ; Collybia
vertirugis Cke.) Cke. Ulus. no. 193, t. 149, upper figs., as Collybia
vertirugis Cke. Undatus, waved.
P. 1-2 cm., dull brown, or cinereous, campanulate, then convexo-
plane, tough, submembranaceous, minutely pulverulent, radiato-
wrinkled. St. 5—6 cm. x 2-3 mm., rufous, apex whitish, sometimes
compressed, minutely velvety, base strigose. Gills white with a yellowish
tinge, adnate, connected by veins, subdistant, broad. Spores white,
subglobose, 6-7 x 4-5/z, apiculate at the one end. On dead, and cut
off bracken stems. Sept. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
1719. M. hariolorum (DC.) Quel. (= Collybia hariolorum (DC.) Fr. ;
Collybia confluens (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 194,
t. 150, lower figs., as Collybia confluens Pers.
Hariolus, a soothsayer.
P. 2-3 cm., rufescent, then flesh coloured, and finally whitish when
dry, submembranaceous, tough, pliant, campanulato-convex, then
flattened, obtuse, rather depressed. St. 7-12 cm. x 2-4 mm., flesh
colour, or purplish, cartilaginous, equal, often compressed, pulverulent
with white villose down, confluent at the base; apex pallid, naked. Gills
flesh colour, then whitish, linear, narrow, slightly adnexed, then free,
somewhat crowded. Spores white, elliptical, 5-7 x 3-4/1., 1-guttulate.
Cystidia "on edge of gill moniliform, 50-65 x 10-12 /i" Rick. Fascicu-
late. Amongst dead leaves in deciduous woods. June — Dec. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
1720. M. ingratus (Schum.) Quel. (= Collybia ingrata (Schum.) Fr.)
Fr. Icon. t. 64, fig. 1, as Collybia ingrata (Schum.) Fr.
Ingratus, unpleasant.
P. 2-6 cm., dingy fuscous-tan, or reddish, becoming whitish flesh
colour, slightly fleshy, pliant, globoso-campanulate, then expanded,
umbonate. St. 4-10 cm. x 2-8 mm., fuscous, or purplish, cartilagi-
nous, twisted, covered with a white pruina, often compressed, villose
internally, apex white mealy. Gills reddish brick colour, becoming
pallid, free, very crowded, narrow. Flesh reddish, or the same colour
as the pileus. Spores white, "lanceolate-fusiform, 7-8 x 3-4 /n. Cys-
tidia none" Rick. Smell mouldy, taste bitter. Caespitose. On dead
twigs in woods, and in damp places. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
MARASMIUS 523
1721. M. pruinatus Eea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. v, t. 8.
Pruinatus, covered with hoar frost.
P. 5-10 mm., white, becoming tinged with yellow, fleshy-horny, con-
vex, obtuse, or obsoletely papillate, pruinose; margin thin, incurved.
St. 1-5-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, equal, rigid, pruinose, base white
villose. Gills shining white, decurrent, very narrow, 1 mm. wide, sub-
distant. Flesh greyish, very tough, elastic. Spores white, pip-shaped,
elongated into a long acute point at one end, blunt and rounded at
the other, 9-12 x 4/z, with a large central gutta. Oak woods. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1722. M. archyropus (Pers.) Fr. (= Marasmius prasiosmus Fr. sec.
Quel.) Gonn. & Rabenh. t. 8, fig. 6.
apyvpos, silver; TTOI;?, foot.
P. 2-5 cm., tan colour, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex, then
plane, or depressed. St. 6-10 cm. x 2 mm., pallid rufescent under the
white tomentose pruina, which forms an outer covering, similar at the
base, rigid, tense, straight. Gills pallid, adnexed, separating, crowded,
linear. Flesh yellowish, deeper coloured in the stem. Spores white,
pip-shaped, 8-10 x 3-4/n, 1-3-guttulate. Deciduous woods. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1723. M. suaveolens Rea. (=Marasmius ingratus (Weinm.) Quel. var.
suaveolens Rea sec. Bataille.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, 1. 12, as
Marasmius archyropus (Pers.) Fr. var. suaveolens Rea.
Suaveolens, sweet smelling.
P. 4-5—6 cm., flesh colour, becoming pale, convex, then plane, or
depressed, tough; margin striate. St. 6-7 cm. x 2-3 mm., reddish,
apex paler, everywhere covered with a white tomentose pruina, be-
coming twisted when dried. Gills pallid, then fuscous, adnexed, sepa-
rating, crowded, 6-8 mm. wide, ventricose. Flesh whitish in the pileus,
reddish in the stem. Spores white, globose, 3-4/x. Smell very pleasant,
like Marasmius oreades. Beech woods, and under beeches. Sept. —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1724. M. torquescens Quel. Quel. Jur. et'Vosg. i, t. 22, fig. 3.
Torquescens, becoming twisted.
P. 1-2 cm., pallid, disc tawny, membranaceous, thin, convex, then
plane, striate, then sulcate. St. 4-6 cm. x 1-2 mm., brown, apex
smooth and whitish, delicately velvety, twisted and sulcate when dry,
white floccose at the base. Gills white, then reddish, free, thin, ventri-
cose, distant, minutely serrulate. Flesh whitish, reddish in the stem.
Spores white, almond-shaped, 9-10 x 6-7 fi. On twigs in woods, and
hedgerows. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
524 MARASMIUS
1725. M. obtusifolius Kea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7.
Obtus, blunt ; folius, leaf, gill.
P. 1 cm., whitish, disc tawny, membranaceous, convexo-plane, with
a prominent umbo, smooth, sulcate; margin at first incurved. St.
3-4 cm. x 1 mm., tawny, apex white, equal, minutely velvety. Gills
pallid, adnate to a collar behind, 2 mm. wide, distant, simple ; edge
very obtuse, blunt, ciliate with the prominent cystidia. Flesh white,
tough, thin. Spores white, broadly oval, or subglobose, 14-15 x
10-1 2 [j,, with a large central gutta, thick walled; basidia clavate,
40-60 x 18-23/A, with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia abundant, fusiform,
ventricose, 95-145 x 17-25/i, apex capitate, 14-18/x, thin walled.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1726. M. impudicus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1078, t. 1124, fig. B.
Impudicus, disgusting.
P. 1-3 cm., bay-brown-rufous, tinted with purple or lilac, becoming
pale when dry, slightly fleshy at the disc, convex, then plane, often
depressed in the centre, membranaceous, striato-plicate. St. 5 cm. x
2 mm., rufous, or rufous-fuscous when moist, sometimes violaceous-
purple, wholly covered over with white villose down when dry, equal,
often compressed, tough, flexile, rooting at the attenuated base. Gills
flesh colour, or greyish, then whitish, at first reaching the stem, then
free, truncate behind, connected by veins, ventricose, at first crowded,
then distant. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4-5 /u,, "minutely echinu-
late" Quel. Smell strong, disgusting, resinous. On pine trunks, and
needles in coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
***St. smooth.
1727. M. dryophilus (Bull.) Karst. (= Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr.)
Cke. Illus. no. 206, t. 204, as Collybia dryophila Fr.
Bpv<;, oak; </>tXo9, loving.
P. 2-4 cm., bay-brown-rufous, yellow, ochraceous, or white, becoming
pale, slightly fleshy, tough, convexo-plane, obtuse, disc generally de-
pressed. St. 4-7 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, becoming yellow, or rufescent,
cartilaginous, somewhat rooting. Gills white, or becoming pale, some-
what free, crowded, narrow. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical,
5-6 x 3-4/Lt. Woods, pastures, and hedgerows. May — Nov. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
var. fonicularis (Fr.) Rea. (= Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var.
funicularis Fr.) Funiculus, a slender rope.
Larger than the type, caespitose. St. lax, decumbent, villose at the
base. Gills sulphur-yellow. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3jn. Woods,
and pastures. May — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. auratus (Quel.) Rea. (= Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var.
aurata Quel.) Auratus, golden.
MARASMIUS 525
P. golden yellow. St. bright yellow. Gills cream colour. Woods. Sept.
— Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. oedipus (Quel.) Eea. (= Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var.
oedipus Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 80, fig. 1, as Mycena galeropsis Fr.
oiSiTrovs, swollen footed.
Pale yellow amber. St. bulbous, vesiculosely swollen at the base.
Gills cream colour. In Sphagnum bogs. May — Sept. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
var. alvearis (Cke.) Rea. (= Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. al-
vearis Cke.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 5, fig. B, as Collybia
dryophila Bull. var. alvearis Cke. Alveare, a bee-hive.
P. 7-5 cm., dome-shaped, resembling the old straw bee-hive. St.
1 cm. at the base, rufescent. Amongst dead leaves. Sept. — Nov. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
var. aquosus (Bull.) Rea. (= Collybia aquosa (Bull.) Fr.) Fr. Icon.
t. 66, fig. 2, as Collybia aquosa (Bull.) Fr. Aquosus, watery.
Pale tan, becoming white. P. hygrophanous; margin striate. Spores
elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/i, 1-guttulate. Amongst moss in woods, and on
heaths. May — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
1728. M. exsculptus (Fr.) Rea. (= Collybia exsculpta Fr. ; Collybia
dryophila (Bull.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 66, fig. 3, as Collybia
exsculpta Fr. Exsculptus, cut out.
P. 2-5-5 cm., tawny brown, or sulphur yellow, slightly fleshy, tough,
convex, then expanded and umbilicate, unchangeable. St. 2-3 cm. x
3-4 mm., bright sulphur yellow, cartilaginous, incurved, base some-
times enlarged. Gills bright sulphur yellow, somewhat free (decurrent
with a small tooth), arcuate, linear, very crowded, narrow. Flesh
rufous. Spores white, 6-5-7 x 3-3-75/u.. Taste strong, mushroom-like.
Edible. Gregarious. On old pine stumps, and in coniferous woods.
May — Oct. Uncommon.
c. St. abrupt, often furnished with a floccose tubercle at the base.
Gills adnate, or subdecurrent.
*Stem very smooth, and shining upwards, base simple.
1729. M. Vaillantii (Pers.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1080, t. 1126, fig. A.
Sebastian VaiUant.
P. 10-15 mm., whitish, somewhat membranaceous, pliant, convex,
soon flattened and depressed at the disc, plicato-rugose. St. 2-3 cm. x
1-2 mm., date-brown, bright, shining, thickened and paler upwards,
here and there obsoletely pruinate; base inserted, naked, blackish.
Gills white, adnate, somewhat decurrent on account of their triangular
form, broad, distant, distinct, simple. Spores white, oblong, 10-13 x
3-4/x. On twigs, leaves, and grass stems in woods. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
526 MARASMIUS
1730. M. angulatus (Batsch) B. & Br. (= Marasmius graminum Lib.
sec. Quel.) Pers. Myc. Eur. m, t. 26, figs. 3, 4.
Angulatus, angled.
P. 1-1-5 cm., fuscous whitish, somewhat membranaceous, hemi-
spherical, then flattened, at length plicato-angular. St. 2-3 cm. x
1 mm., rufescent grey, thickened at both ends, base hairy. Gills whitish,
distant. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4/A. On grass, submerged
rushes, roots, on sandhills. Aug. Uncommon.
1731. M. languidus (Lasch) Fr. Languidus, weak.
P. 10-12 mm., white, inclining to flesh colour, or light yellow, slightly
fleshy, convex, then expanded and unibilicate, fiocculose, rugoso-
sulcate; margin involute. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid, becoming
fuscous, thickened upwards, base generally white villose. Gills white,
adnate, then decurrent, distant, connected by veins, narrow. Spores
white, elliptical, 8/z, minutely punctate. On dead leaves of grass,
twigs, and dead herbaceous stems in woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
1732. M. rubricatus (B. & Br.) Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 496, t. 509,
fig. C, as Naucoria rubricata B. & Br. Rubricatus, coloured red.
P. 6-10 mm., whitish, then tinged with red or buff, convex, then
plane. St. 6-12 x 1 mm., tan colour, incurved, and sprinkled with
delicate mealy granules at the base and about half way up. Gills
white, then brownish, adnexed, narrowed in front. Spores "colourless,
pyriform, 6 x 3/i" Massee. Dead twigs, and brambles. Sept. — Oct.
Rare.
**St. velvety, or pruinate, base subtuberculose.
1733. M. foetidus (Sow.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 73. Foetidus, stinking.
P. 1*5— 4 cm., bay-brown-tawny, membranaceous, somewhat pellucid,
pliant, convex, then expanded, at length umbilicate, striato-plicate.
St. 2—4 cm. x 1—2 mm., date brown, becoming blackish, everywhere vel-
vety, horny, attenuated downwards, abrupt, or sometimes inserted
with a very small floccose tubercle at the base. Gills yellowish
rufescent, adnate, or subdecurrent, distant, connected by veins. Flesh
yellowish, becoming blackish in the stem. Spores white, elliptical-oblong,
or tear-drop-shaped, 9-12 x 4-6/n, 1-guttulate. Smell strong, very
foetid. Dead twigs, and rotten branches in woods, and hedgerows.
Aug. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1734. M. inodorus Pat. Inodorus, without smell.
P. 1-2 cm., reddish brown, membranaceous, convex, then expanded,
covered with adpressed silky down. St. 1-2 cm. x 1-2 mm., blackish
red, apex pale, rigid, entirely covered with a white pruinosity consisting
of hyaline, short, flexuose hairs. Gills white, adnate, unequal, some-
MARASMIUS 527
what crowded. Flesh white, blackish in the stem. Spores white, pip-
shaped, guttulate. On tree trunks. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
1735. M. xerotoides von Post. Fr. Icon. t. 174, fig. 3.
Xerotus, the genus Xerotus, etSo?, like.
P. 4-8 mm., fuscous-umber and striate when moist, becoming pale
fuscous grey and somewhat undulate when dry, submembranaceous,
convex, obtuse, soon expanded and umbilicate; margin involute. St.
10-14 x 1 mm., grey or cinereous-fuscous, velvety; base swollen, and
strigose. Gills whitish, becoming cinereous, broadly adnate, subde-
current, distant, intermixed with shorter ones. Spores white, "ellip-
tical, 5 x 3p," Massee. On sandy soil in woods. Rare.
1736. M. lagopinus von Post. Xa7<o<?, a hare.
P. 2 cm., pallid, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane. St. 2-5 cm. x
1-2 mm., pallid, squamulose with white flocci for the lower half. Gills
pallid, adnate, somewhat ventricose. Spores "pale straw colour, sub-
globose, 3 x 2/x" Massee & Crossl. Dead branches, and on fir trunks.
Oct. Rare.
1737. M. amadelphus (Bull.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 130, fig. 2.
a, with; aSeX(/>6?, brother.
P. 6-12 mm., pale yellowish, becoming pale, margin whitish, fleshy-
menibranaceous, convex, hemispherical, then expanded and depressed,
or umbilicate, sulcately striate, pruinose under a lens. St. 1-1-5 cm. x
•5-1 mm., concolorous, somewhat darker at the base, somewhat mealy
but becoming smooth, equal, undulate. Gills white, adnate, or sub-
decurrent, broad, distant, margin fimbriate. Spores white, oblong,
10-12 x 2-5/x. On trunks, and branches in coniferous woods. Sept. —
Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Fr. Insignis, striking.
Differs from the type in the whitish, thinner pileus, and the more
distant, separating, pallid umber gills with tumid veins. On fir twigs.
1738. M. ramealis (BuU.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1082, t. 1127, fig. B.
Ramus, a branch.
P. 6-15 mm., white, disc rufescent, somewhat fleshy, convex, then
plane, obtuse, or depressed, slightly wrinkled, minutely silky under a
lens. St. 6-10 x 1-2 mm., whitish, base rufescent, tubercular when
young, often incurved, mealy, squamulosely hairy under a lens. Gills
white, adnate, connected behind, slightly distant, narrow. Spores white,
elliptical, 8-10 x 3-4ja, minutely punctate. On dead twigs, branches,
and bramble stems in woods, hedgerows, and wood stacks. Jan. —
Dec. Common, (v.v.)
528 MABASMITTS
1739. M. Candidas (Bolt.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 75.
Candidus, shining white.
P. 3-15 mm., white, hemispherical, then plane, or slightly depressed,
pellucid, submembranaceous, at length wrinkled, sulcate. St. 5-15 x
1-2 mm., white, incurved, delicately pruinose; base floccose, at length
becoming fuscous. Gills white, adnexed, ventricose, distant. Flesh
white. Spores white, pip-shaped, 9 x 3/z, multi-guttulate. On pine
branches, and twigs. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1740. M. sclerotipes Bres. (= CollyUa cirrhata recent, auct. non Fr.
sec. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 11, fig. 1.
a-/c\rjp6Tr)<f, hardness; pes, foot.
P. 6-8 mm., shining white, umbilicate disc yellow, membranaceous,
convex, then plane, rugosely striate, somewhat flocculose. St. 12-
18 x -5-1 mm., pallid rufous, apex whitish, equal, springing from a
rufescent sclerotium, pruinose under a lens. Gills white, adnate, distant,
edgefimbriate. Spores white. On the ground in swampy places. Aug. —
Oct. Uncommon.
B. Margin of p. straight, and adpressed to the stem at first.
St. cartilaginous. Mycelium rhizomorphoid, corticate.
1741. M. alliaceus (Jacq.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1083, t. 1128, fig. A.
Allium, garlic.
P. 1-4 cm., whitish inclining to fuscous, often milk-white when young,
submembranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, subumbonate, at
length striate and sulcate. St. 4-20 cm. x 2-4 mm., blackish, horny,
rigid, attenuated upwards, pruinato-velvety ; base rooting, incurved,
naked. Gills whitish, adnexed in the form of a ring, then free, sub-
ventricose, slightly distant, crisped when dry. Flesh white, blackish
in the stem. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 3/z, 2-3-guttulate, "glo-
bose-elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 /x," Rick. Cystidia "bluntly fusiform, 45-
60 x 12-15/x" Rick. Smell very unpleasant, of garlic, persistent.
Amongst leaves, and on stumps in woods. Aug. — Nov. Common.
(v.v.)
1742. M. molyoides Fr. yuwXu, wild garlic; eZSo?, like.
P. 2-3 cm., brownish, then pale, submembranaceous, convex, then
plane and depressed, sometimes slightly striate. St. 5-6 cm. x 2-
3 mm., blackish fuscous, paler when young, white at the apex, equal,
base clavate, becoming twisted when old. Gills white, or yellowish, free,
crowded, ventricose; margin ciliate and darker coloured. Flesh pale
ochraceous. Spores white. Smell faint, of garlic when young, then in-
odorous. Amongst leaves in woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
MARASMIUS 529
1743. M. cohaerens (A. & S.) Cke. (== Marasmius ceratopus Pers.
sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 79, fig. 1, as Mycena cohaerens Fr.
Cohaerens, sticking together.
P. 2-3 cm., cinnamon, or umber-tawny, becoming pale, slightly
fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, pruinose, velvety under a lens. St. 10-
12 cm. x 4 mm., bay brown, horny, very rigid, shining, apex whitish,
pruinose, caespitoso-fasciculate, base date-brown, glued together with
white villose down. Gills white, becoming pale, sprinkled with fulvous
bristles under a lens, rounded behind, somewhat free, distant, generally
connected by veins, very broad. Spores white, "lanceolate, 8-9 x 4/n.
Cystidia brown, fusiform-subulate, very pointed, 60-100 x 7-14/z,
thick walled" Rick. On trunks, and amongst leaves in deciduous
woods. Oct. — Feb. Uncommon.
1744. M. cauticinalis (With.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 41, fig. 2.
Cautes, a rough pointed rock.
P. 1—2 cm., dingy yellow, becoming ferruginous, then ochraceous,
membranaceous, thin, pliant, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, at
length plane, umbilicate, and striato-sulcate. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
bay brown, paler and mealy upwards, rigid, tough, floccoso-villose at
the tubercular base, and arising from a filiform, dark bay mycelium.
Gills pallid light yellow, adnato-decurrent, subdistant, connected by a
network of veins. Flesh yellow, or rufescent. Spores white, pip-shaped,
6-7 x 3-4ju,, 1-guttulate. Amongst needles in coniferous woods.
Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1745. M. torquatus Fr. Torquatus, adorned with a collar.
P. 1-2 cm., whitish, or greyish white, truly campanulate, 1-2 cm.
high, membranaceous, tough, obtuse; margin plicato-sulcate. St. 3—
4 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, equal, shining, base generally fuscous, arising
from a minute, round tubercle. Gills white, adnate to a free collar, con-
nected by veins, distant, ascending, unequal. Flesh of pileus pale
yellow. Spores white. On stems, and leaves. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
1746. M. scorodonius Fr. (= Marasmius alliatus Schaeff. sec. Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 1079, t. 1125, fig. A. o-xopoSov, garlic.
P. 1-2 cm., rufous, soon becoming pale whitish, membranaceous,
pliant, convex, soon plane, obtuse, at length wrinkled and crisped.
St. 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., rufous, shining, horny, tough, equal, inserted
and naked at the base. Gills whitish, adnate, often separating, con-
nected by veins, crowded, narrow. Spores white, "lanceolate, 5-7 x
3 /A" Rick. Smell strong, of garlic. Edible. On twigs, and needles,
on heaths, and in pine woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
B. B. B. 34
530 MARASMIUS. ANDROSACEUS
C. P. sessile, resupinate.
1747. M. spodoleucus B. & Br. (= Marasmius Broomei Berk. sec.
Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 1088, t. 1137, fig. C.
<r7ro8o9, ashes; Xef/co?, white.
P. 4-5 mm., cinereous, conchate, resupinate, pulverulent, or slightly
furfuraceous ; margin free, arched. Gills white, few, narrow, entire,
so short as to leave a naked space at the base. Flesh umber. Spores
white, globose, 3-4/z. Dead twigs and stumps of elm. Nov. — March.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
**Pileus with a thick, cellular pellicle,
f Cells of the pellicle upright, echinulate or verrucose.
Androsaceus (Pers.) Pat. (= Marasmius Fr. p.p.)
(ai/Spoo-a«€9, an unidentified sea plant.)
Pileus membranaceous, thin, regular, cells of pellicle echinulate, or
tuberculose. Stem central, horny. Gills adnate, emarginate, decur-
rent, or attached to a collar. Spores white, elliptical, pip-shaped,
oblong elliptical, subglobose, or club-shaped; smooth; continuous.
Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, fallen leaves, etc.
*Fleshy-membranaceous.
1748. A. calopus (Pers.) Pat. (= Marasmius calopus (Pers.) Fr.) Cke.
Ulus. no. 1079, t. 1125, fig. B, as Marasmius calopus Pers.
«aXo9, beautiful; TTOU?, foot.
P. 1-1-5 cm., whitish, slightly fleshy, tough, convex, then flattened,
obtuse, rarely depressed, slightly wrinkled when dry. St. 2-3 cm. x
2 mm., bay-brown-rufous, tough, shining, attenuated upwards. Gills
white, slightly emarginate, thin, subdistant. Spores white, elliptical,
7 x 4/u-. On twigs, grass roots, etc. Sept. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
"""Tender, pellucid.
1749. A. polyadelphus (Lasch) Pat.1 (= Marasmius polyadelphus
(Lasch) Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 1088, t. 1137, fig. B, as Marasmius
polyadelphus Lasch. 7roA,ua8eX<£o9, with many brothers.
Entirely snow white. P. 2-3 mm., very tender, hemispherical, um-
bilicate, sulcate, pruinose, tomentose under a lens. St. 10-15 x 1 mm.,
filiform, curved, flaccid, pruinose, thickened and floccose at the base.
Gills decurrent, very narrow, wrinkle-like, distant. Spores white,
"fusiform-lanceolate, 7-9 x 3-4 /M" Rick. Fasciculate, and in troops.
On dead oak, and beech leaves. Oct. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1750. A. flosculinus (Bataille) Rea. (= Marasmius fiosculus Quel.)
Quel. Soc. bot. 1878, t. 3, fig. 4. Fiosculus, a little flower,
P. 4-5 mm., white, shining, very thin, diaphanous, campanula te,
1 By an oversight this species was described under Omphalia (no. 1412), but
its correct position is here.
ANDROSACEUS 531
then convex and umbilicate, ribbed, sulcate. St. 2-3 x -5 mm., bay
brown, shining, apex white, thickened, incurved, horny, base downy.
Gills white, adnate, distant, wide, thick. Spores "ovoid lanceolate,
10 /u, " Quel. On leaves of grasses. June — Aug. Rare.
***Membranaceous.
1751. A. rotula (Scop.) Pat. (= Marasmius rotula (Scop.) Fr.) Cke.
Illus. no. 1084, t. 1129, fig. A, as Marasmius rotula Scop.
Rotula, a little wheel.
P. 5-15 mm., whitish, unicolorous, or with the umbilicus becoming
fuscous, membranaceous, convex, umbilicate, plicate; margin un-
dulato-crenulate. St. 2-5 cm. x 1 mm., blackish, horny, equal, shining,
striate when dry. Gills white, adnate to a cottar free from the stem,
broad, few (often equal), very distant. Spores white, pip-shaped,
acutely attenuated at the one end, 7-9 x 3-5-4-5/u,. Cystidia vesi-
culose, apex echinulate, 14-16 x 7-8/n. On dead twigs and roots in
woods and hedgerows. May — Jan. Common, (v.v.)
1752. A. graminum (Lib.) Pat. (= Marasmius graminum (Lib.)
Berk.) Cke. Illus. no. 1084, t. 1129, fig. B, as Marasmius
graminum Lib. Graminum, of grasses.
P. 5-8 mm., rufous, or very pale rufous, the furrows paler, umbo
brown, nearly plane, umbonate, sulcate. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 1 mm., bay
or brownish tawny, white above, shining. Gills cream-coloured, adnate
to a collar free from the stem, few, subventricose, interstices veined.
Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-10 x 4/j. On leaves, and stems of
grasses. July — Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1753. A. androsaceus (Linn.) Pat. (= Marasmius androsaceus (Linn.)
Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 1084, t. 1129, fig. C, as Marasmius andro-
saceus Bull. dvSpoa-aices, an unidentified sea plant.
P. 4-10 mm., whitish, or somewhat fuscous, membranaceous, sub-
umbilicate, wrinkled striate. St. 3-6 cm. x 1 mm., black, horny, very
tough, equal, contorted and striate when dry. Gills whitish or greyish
flesh colour, adnate, crowded, narrow. Spores white, pip-shaped,
7 x 3-4/i. On leaves, and twigs, etc. April — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1754. A. splachnoides (Hornem.) Rea. (= Marasmius splachnoides
(Hornem.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 1085, 1. 1130, fig. A, as Marasmius
splachnoides Fr. cnr\dy)(vov, intestines ; et8o$, like.
P. 5-10 cm., white, disc yellowish flesh colour, submembranaceous,
convex, then expanded and slightly umbilicate, sulcate. St. 2-4 cm. x
1 mm., red (becoming fuscous), apex whitish flesh colour, shining. Gills
white, subdecurrent, narrow, crowded, simple and anastomosing.
Spores white, elliptical, " 8 x 5/i " Cke. On pine, oak, and beech leaves
in woods. Oct. Uncommon.
34^-2
532 ANDROSACEUS
1755. A. Curreyi (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Marasmius Curreyi B. & Br.)
Cke. Illus. no. 1085, t. 1130, fig. B, as Marasmius Curreyi
B. & Br. Frederick Currey, the eminent mycologist.
P. 4-10 mm., pallid rufous, furrows paler, umbo fuscous, somewhat
plane, sulcate, somewhat radiate. St. 2—3 cm. x 1 mm., black, apex
white, shining. Gills cream-coloured, attached to a collar, few, sub-
ventricose, interstices veined. Spores white, elliptical, 9 x 5-6 /LC. On
leaves of grasses. Aug. Uncommon.
1756. A. perforans (Fr.) Pat. (= Marasmius perforans Fr.; Maras-
mius abietis Batsch sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1085, t. 1130,
fig. C, as Marasmius perforans Fr. Perforans, boring through.
P. 8—12 mm., whitish, becoming pale rufescent, submembranaceous,
convexo-plane, minutely umbonate, then flattened, at length slightly
wrinkled. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm,, bay brown, then black, apex flesh colour,
tough, equal, velvety. Gills whitish, adnate, narrow, numerous, simple,
unequal (the alternate ones shorter), not very distant. Spores white,
"lanceolate, 6 x SJLC" Rick. Smell very foetid. On fir leaves. Aug. —
Oct. Rare.
1757. A. insititms (Fr.) Rea. (= Marasmius insititius Fr.) Cke. Illus.
no. 1086, t. 1135, fig. A, as Marasmius insititius Fr.
Insititius, ingrafted.
P. 10-20 mm., white, membranaceous, pliant, convexo-plane,
somewhat umbilicate, then plicato-sulcate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm.,
rufous, inclining to fuscous, horny, attenuated downwards into an
inserted base, fioccoso-furfuraceous. Gills pale, to cream, broadly
adnate, attenuated at the margin, distant, simple, unequal. Spores
white, pip-shaped, 6-8 x 3-5-4/u.. Cystidia hyaline, cylindrical, cla-
vate or lanceolate, 40-50 x 5-6/t. On leaves, decayed grass, etc.
Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. albipes (Fr.) Rea. (= Marasmius insititius Fr. var. albipes Fr.)
Berk. Outl. t. 14, fig. 6, as Marasmius insititius Fr.
Albus, white ; pes, foot.
Differs from the type in the white stem. Spores white, pip-shaped,
8-10 x 4-5/x, 1-multi-guttulate. On dead oak leaves and grasses.
Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1758. A. Hudsonii (Pers.) Pat. (= Marasmius Hudsoni (Pers.) Fr. ;
Marasmius pilosus (Huds.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1086, t. 1135,
fig. B, as Marasmius Hudsoni Pers.
William Hudson, author of "Flora Anglica."
P. 2-6 mm., pale fuscous-rufescent, membranaceous, hemispherical,
wrinkled, beset with scattered, long, purplish, or brownish hairs. St.
ANDROSACEUS 533
1-2-5 cm. x -5 mm., dark purple, or reddish, horny, beset with the same
scattered hairs as the pileus, apex pale. Gills white, adnexed, narrow,
single, the alternate ones dimidiate, distant. Spores white, oblong
elliptical, 9-12 x 4-6/x, 1-2-guttulate. On faUen, dead holly-leaves
in woods, and under hollies elsewhere. March — Dec. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
1759. A. epichloe (Fr.) Rea. (= Marasmius epichloe Fr.; Marasmius
scabellus (A. & S.) Quel. sec. Bataille.) Cke. Illus. no. 1087,
t. 1136, fig. A, as Marasmius epichloe Fr.
eVt, upon; %Xo77, grass.
P. 4-5 mm., whitish, disc bay-brown-fuscous, thin, plano-convex,
subpapillate. St. 2-3 cm. x -5 mm., bay brown, paler at the base,
coarsely striate, striae setulose. Gills whitish, rounded, broader behind,
somewhat crowded. Spores white, "elliptical, 3 x 2/z" Cke. On dead
grass stems, and spines of Robinia. Aug. — Oct. Rare.
1760. A. actinophoras Rea. (= Marasmius actinophorus (B. & Br.)
Massee, nee B. & Br. sec. Fetch.) Cke. Illus. no. 1087, t. 1136,
fig. B, as Marasmius actinophorus B. & Br.
a«Tt9, a ray; <f>epw, I bear.
P. 2—4 mm., pale bay brown, with distant darker radiating lines, very
thin, convex, then plane, umbilicate, wrinkled when dry. St. 1-2 cm.
x -5 mm., paler than the pileus, equal. Gills whitish, adnexed, narrow,
alternate ones shorter. Spores white, "subglobose, 3/u," Massee. On
fallen twigs. Aug. Rare.
1761. A. saccharinus (Batsch) Rea. (= Marasmius saccharinus
(Batsch) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 1087, t. 1136, fig. C, as Marasmius
saccharinus Batsch. Saccharum, sugar.
P. 2—5 mm., snow white, membranaceous, convex, subpapillate, sul-
cate, and plicate. St. 1-5-2-5 cm. x -5 mm., white, reddish at the bulbose
base, pruinose, villose under a lens. Gills whitish, broadly adnate,
narrow, thick, very distant, reticulato-united. Spores white, "ovoid
lanceolate, 12/i, guttulate" Quel., "elliptical, 5 x 3/i" Massee. On
dead twigs, and leaves. Aug. Rare.
1762. A. epiphyllus (Fr.) Pat. (= Marasmius epiphyllus Fr.)
€7ri, upon; <j>v\\ov, a leaf.
P. 4-10 mm., milk white, membranaceous, very thin, convex, then
plane, at length umbilicate, smooth, at length plicato-rugose. St. 1-
2-5 cm. x 1 mm., date brown, apex whitish, somewhat horny, equal,
velvety under a lens. Gills white, adnate, few, very distant, entire,
veined, branched. Spores white, "oval-oblong, 5-6 /x,, minutely aculeo-
late" Quel., "3 x 2/z" Cke. On dead leaves, twigs, etc. Sept. —
Nov. Common, (v.v.)
534 ANDROSACEUS. CRINIPELLIS. PANTJS
1763. A. epiphylloides Rea. (= Marasmius epiphyllus Fr. sec. Lange.
Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 14.
Epiphyllus, the species A. epiphyllus; etSo<?, like.
P. 2-5 mm., white, membranaceous, subspherical, then convex and
expanded. St. 3-8 x «5 mm., chestnut brown, apex white, equal. Gills
white, adnate, -5-1 mm. wide, sometimes connected by veins, few,
distant. Spores hyaline, club-shaped, 13-15 x 3-5-4/t, multi-guttulate.
Cystidia 43-45 x 9-10 /z, attenuated at the apex, ventricose at the
base. On dead leaves, and twigs. Sept. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
tf Cells of the pellicle decumbent, very long, fibrillose.
Crinipellis Pat.
(Crinis, hair; pellis, skin.)
Pileus membranaceous, regular, cells of pellicle long, thick, tough.
Stem central, firm. Gills adnate, or free. Spores white, pip-shaped,
smooth, or punctate; continuous. Cystidia present. Growing on
wood, twigs, etc.
1764. C. stipitarius (Fr.) Pat. (= Marasmius scabellus (A. & S.) Quel. ;
Collybia stipitaria Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 193, t. 149, lower figs., as
Collybia stipitaria Fr. Stipitarius, possessing a stem.
P. 8-10 mm., ochraceous, disc becoming fuscous, membranaceous,
convexo-plane, umbonate, then umbilicate, zoned, velvety squamulose,
or fuscous fibrillose', margin white, scalloped. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
dark brown, shaggy-fbrillose, tough, channelled. Gills white, or with a
yellowish tinge, separating free, ventricose, somewhat distant. Flesh
brownish. Spores white, pip-shaped, 10-12 x 6-7 p., multi-guttulate.
Cystidia "subulate, 30-40 x 6-8 /A" Rick. On dead grass stems,
thatch, and .twigs. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1765. C. caulicinalis (Bull.) Rea. (= Marasmius caulicinalis (Bull.)
Quel.) Kav\6$, a stalk.
P. 10-15 mm., tan, or fawn colour, campanulate, then convex, thin,
delicately tomentose and pubescent. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., con-
colorous, brown at the attenuated base, fibrous, pubescent. Gills
whitish yellow, then tan, free, ventricose, thick. Flesh tan. Spores
white, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 5/u,, punctate, 1-guttulate. On dead grass
stems. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
V. Receptacle coriaceous, fleshy-coriaceous, or woody. Spores white.
Pileus fleshy-coriaceous, gills somewhat soft.
Panus Fr.
(irav, all; ofc, ear.)
Pileus fleshy-coriaceous, excentric, dimidiate, or resupinate, sessile
or stipitate. Stem when present lateral, confluent with the pileus.
PANUS 535
Gills soft, then coriaceous, decurrent, or arising from a central point.
Spores white, cylindrical, or elliptical; smooth, continuous. Cystidia
present, or absent. Growing on wood, often caespitose.
*P. irregular. St. excentric.
1766. P. conchatus (BuU.) Fr. (= Panus flabelliformis (Schaeff.)
Quel.) Krombh. t. 42, figs. 1, 2. Conchatus, sheU-shaped.
P. 5-10 cm., cinnamon, then becoming pale, fleshy-pliant, thin, un-
equal, excentric, or dimidiate, flaccid, squamulose when old. St. 12 x
8 mm., pale, unequal, often compressed, base pubescent. Gills
whitish, or pale flesh colour, at length ochraceous wood-colour, deeply
decurrent in parallel lines, here and there branched, crisped when dry.
Flesh white. Spores white, cylindrical, 6 x 3ja, 1-2-guttulate. On
beech, and poplar stumps and willows. June — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
1767. P. tomlosus (Pers.) Fr. (= Panus flabelliformis (Schaeff.) Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 1096, t. 1149, fig. B. Torulus, a tuft of hair.
P. 5-8 cm., somewhat flesh colour, varying rufescent-livid, and be-
coming violet, entire, but very excentric, fleshy-pliant, then coriaceous,
plano-infundibuliform. St. 2-5 x 2-2-5 cm., pale, covered with grey
often violaceous down, oblique, tough, firm. Gills reddish, then tan
colour, decurrent, subdistant, simple, separate behind. Flesh pallid.
Spores white, cylindrical, 6 x 3ju., 1-2-guttulate. On old stumps of
birch and pollard willows. May — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
1768. P. rudis Fr. (= Panus hirtus (Seer.) Quel.) Quel. Jur. et Vosg.
i, t. 14, fig. 1. Rudis, rough.
P. 5-10 cm., ochraceous fawn, or reddish, fleshy, coriaceous, then
corky, thin, unequal, excentric, or dimidiate; margin incurved, lilac,
and bristling with hairs. St. 1-2 x 2-3 cm., ochraceous fawn, unequal,
shaggy with a rough, hairy, lilac velvet. Gills whitish pink, then pale
ochraceous fawn, very decurrent, narrow. Flesh white. Spores white,
cylindrical, 5-6 x 3/A, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill
cylindrical-clavate, 45-50 x 12/>t, very thick walled" Rick. Beech
stumps. May. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**St. definitely lateral.
1769. P. stipticus (Bull.) Fr. (= Panus far inaceus Schum. sec. Quel.)
crruTTTiKO"?, astringent.
P. 1—4 cm., cinnamon, becoming pale, thin, elastic, reniform, some-
times infundibuliform and lobed, pruinose, the cuticle breaking up into
furfuraceous scales. St. 5-20 x 2-3 mm., pale, coriaceous, dilated at
the apex, ascending, pruinose. Gills ochraceous, or cinnamon, ending
determinately, thin, very narrow, crowded, connected by veins. Flesh
concolorous. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-2-5/i. Cystidia "on
536 PANUS. XEROTUS
edge of gill lanceolate, clavate at first, 30 x 15ju,, then 40-70 x 7-
8ju," Rick. Taste very astringent. Poisonous. On dead stumps, and
fallen branches. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. farinaceus (Schum.) Rea. Farinaceus, mealy.
Differs from the type in the cuticle of the pileus breaking up into
whitish-bluish-grey scurf. Trunks, and fir branches. Oct. — Dec. Un-
common, (v.v.)
var. albido-tomentosus (Cke. & Massee) Rea. Cke. lUus. no. 1097,
t. 1144, fig. B, as Panus farinaceus Fr.
Albidus, whitish; tomentosus, hairy.
Differs from the type in the pileus being densely clothed with a short,
whitish, velvety tomentum. Trunks. Uncommon.
***P. resupinate, sessile, or extended behind.
1770. P. patellaris Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 176, fig. 3.
Patellaris, like a little dish.
P. 10-15 mm., pallid externally, viscid, furfuraceo-villose, resupinate,
coriaceous, orbicular, piano-cup- shaped, adnate by the sessile vertex;
the free margin involute, villose, white. Gills dark ochraceous, con-
current in a central point, crowded. Flesh ochraceous. Spores white,
"elliptical, 8 ju," Quel. On beech, and cherry branches. Oct. — March.
Uncommon.
1771. P. Stevensonii B. & Br.
Rev. John Stevenson, the eminent Scotch mycologist.
P. olivaceous-light-yellow, spathulate. St. golden, dilated upwards,
convex, slightly hispid. Gills narrow, entire. Flesh greenish-yellow.
On oak. Sept.— Oct. Rare.
Pileus membranaceous-coriaceous, gills coriaceous, branched, obtuse.
Xerotus Fr.
(1^/309, dry; ofc, an ear.)
Pileus membranaceous-coriaceous, regular. Stem central, confluent
with the pileus. Gills coriaceous, broadly plicaeform, dichotomous,
edge entire, obtuse. Spores white, elliptical, irregular. Growing on
the ground.
1772. X. degener Fr. (= Cantharellus carbonarius (A. & S.) Fr. sec.
Quel.) Degener, degenerate.
P. l'5-4 cm., date-brown-grey when moist, grey when dry, somewhat
zoned, coriaceo-membranaceous, very thin, but very tough, plano-
infundibuliform, striate when moist, flocculose when dry. St. 4-20 x
2 mm., fuscous, somewhat white-velvety, very tough, equal. Gills
LENTINUS 537
whitish-grey, decurrent, few, very distant, when properly developed
thin, rather broad, edge acute, flaccid. Spores white, "elliptical,
irregular, 8-12 x 4-6 /u," Berk. On bare gravelly soil, and in peat
mosses. Jan. Very rare.
Pileus coriaceous, or woody, pliant; gills firm, often toothed.
Lentinus Fr.
(Lentus, pliant, or tough.)
Pileus coriaceous, pliant, more or less irregular, stipitate, or sessile.
Stem when present, central, excentric, or lateral, confluent with the
pileus. Gills tough, adnate, or decurrent, often toothed at the edge.
Spores white, elliptical, pip-shaped, oblong cylindrical, or globose;
smooth, or echinulate, continuous. Cystidia present, or absent.
Growing on wood, rarely on the ground; solitary, or caespitose.
I. P. nearly entire. St. distinct.
*P. scaly, more or less manifestly veiled.
1773. L. tigrinus (Bull.) Fr. (= Lentinus Dunalii DC. sec. Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 1089, t. 1138. Tigrinus, spotted like a tiger.
P. 3-8 cm., white, or cream colour, variegated with somewhat ad-
pressed, brownish, or blackish, fibrillose squamules, fleshy-coriaceous,
thin, commonly orbicular and central, convex, then infundibulif orm ;
margin often split when dry. St. 3-5 x -5-1-5 cm., whitish, becoming
fuscous at the base, very hard, often attenuated downwards and
rooting, minutely squamulose, furnished at the apex with an entire,
reflexed, fugacious ring. Gills white, then yellowish, decurrent, narrow,
crowded, serrate. Flesh white, fuscous at base of stem. Spores white,
pip-shaped, 7-9 x 3//,, 1^3-guttulate. Smell strong, acid. On oak,
ash, willow, and poplar stumps, and on railway sleepers. April —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. Dunalii (DC.) Fr. Berk. Outl. t. 15, fig. 2. Dunal.
Differs from the type in the evanescent, adpressed spot-like scales of
the pileus, the subsilky stem, and the scarcely manifest veil. On willows,
and poplars. Rare.
1774. L. lepideus Fr. (= Lentinus squamosus (Schaeff.) Quel.)
XeTrt?, a scale.
P. 5-10 cm., pallid ochraceous, variegated with darker, adpressed,
spot-like scales sometimes becoming rufescent, fleshy, very compact, firm,
irregular, commonly excentric, convex, then plane, or depressed,
sometimes broken up into cracks. St. 2-8 x 1-3 cm., whitish, covered
with tomentose scales that become rufescent, apex smooth, base woody,
sometimes rooting, at the first furnished with a cortina towards the apex.
538 LENTINUS
Gills whitish, or yellowish, sinuate, decurrent by a tooth, broad, trans-
versely striate, serrate. Flesh white, pliant. Spores white, elliptical,
10-11 x 5ju,, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia none. Smell pleasant. On pine
stumps, railway sleepers and paving blocks. March — Oct. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
var. contiguus Fr. Contiguus, neighbouring.
Differs from the type in being entirely white and destitute of scales
both on the pileus and stem.
**P. villose, or pulverulent.
1775. L. leontopodius Schulz. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 28.
Xeav, a lion; TTOV<;, foot.
P. 7-20 cm., tan-clay-colour, rather darker towards the margin,
fleshy, compact, tough, irregular, very excentric, or almost lateral,
broadly umbilicate; margin arched and bent downwards, more or less
lobed, distinctly tomentose. St. 7-10 x 2-5-3 cm., pale chestnut, blackish
downwards, curved and ascending, hard, tough, subequal, pulveru-
lently furfur aceous, or tomentose. Gills pale reddish ochraceous, deeply
decurrent, especially on the lower side of the stem, 6-8 mm. wide,
connected by veins, wrinkled at the sides; edge serrated, darker.
Flesh white. Spores white, "cylindrical, obliquely apiculate, 12-15/M
long" Massee. Smell very pleasant. Taste sweet, pleasant. On de-
cayed willow. Sept. — Oct. Eare.
1776. L. pulverulentus (Scop.) Fr. Pulverukntus, dusty.
P. yellow, mealy with white dust, fleshy-pliant, convex. St. mealy
with white dust, elongated, stout, equal, rigid. Gills white, slightly
toothed. Trunks. Caespitose. Oct. Rare1.
1777. L. adhaerens (A. & S.) Fr. (= Lentinus resinaceus Trog sec.
Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 131. Adhaerens, sticking to.
P. 8-13 cm., lurid whitish, then hazel, becoming fuscous, fleshy pliant,
somewhat irregular, convexo-subcampanulate, then depressed and
infundibuliform, pulverulently villose, covered with a resinous, amber
coloured gluten. St. 2-5 cm. x 5-12 mm., concolorous, covered with a
resinous gluten, rooting, subequal, pulverulently tomentose. Gills white,
then yellowish, sinuato-decurrent, somewhat crowded; edge serrate,
glutinous. Flesh white. Spores white, "oblong cylindrical, 7-10 x
2-5-3 ft" Bres. Smell pleasant, fragrant. Taste somewhat bitter and
astringent. Coniferous woods. Autumn — Spring. Rare.
1 Berkeley and Broome describe P. 5 cm., fuliginous, at first infundibuliform
then lateral, flabelliform, floccoso-pulverulent with little umber particles. St.
7-5 cm. at length smooth. Gills pallid, deeply decurrent, thick, edge crenulate
but not torn.
LENTINUS 539
1778. L. suffrutescens (Brot.) Fr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xvi (1900),
t. 3 and 4. Suffrutescens, arborescent.
P. 4-8 cm., whitish cream colour, fleshy, compact, conical, convex,
umbonate, disc covered with reddish brown squamules, then depressed
and infundibuliform; margin often revolute. St. 7-11 cm. x 7-9 mm.,
concolorous, covered with reddish brown scales (which sometimes pro-
ject) in the lower half or up to the sulcate apex, equal, or more or less
bulbose at the base, slightly incurved, strongly flexuose, or twisted
in abnormal specimens. Gills white, then yellowish, deeply decurrent, .
crowded, serrate. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptic cylindrical,
7-5 x 2-5/i. Squared wood in cellars. Nov. — Feb. Rare, (v.v.)
***P. smooth.
1779. L. umbellatus Fr. Umbellatus, like a sunshade.
Very much branched, fleshy coriaceous, tough. Pileoli very
numerous, 1-5-2-5 cm., becoming yellowish cinereous, entire, umbilicate.
St. 5-9 cm. x 3-8 mm., white, caespitosely connate at the base, branched,
each branch giving rise to a separate p., sulcate. Gills white, deeply
decurrent, very narrow, I mm., minutely serrated, crowded. Flesh
white. Spores white, globose, 4-5 ju,, with a large central gutta. Smell
and taste pleasant. Old stumps. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1780. L. cochleatus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1093, t. 1142, fig. A.
/eo^Xta?, a snail with a spiral shell.
P. 2-5-9 cm., flesh colour, becoming pale, somewhat tan, fleshy pliant,
thin, commonly excentric, imbricated, very unequal, somewhat lobed
or contorted, sometimes plane, sometimes infundibulif orm-umbilicate.
St. 3-9 x -5—1-5 cm., flesh colour, rufous fuscous downwards, firm,
sometimes central, sometimes wholly lateral, sulcate, often connate
at the base. Gills white flesh colour, decurrent, crowded, serrated.
Flesh pinkish. Spores white, globose, 5-6/z, with a large central
gutta. Cystidia none. Smell very pleasant, of anise, or tonquin bean.
Taste mild. Edible. Stumps. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
II. Dimidiate, sessile, or furnished with a sublateral stem.
1781. L. scoticus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 1094, t. 1143.
Scoticus, Scottish.
P. 1—4 cm., pallid, then brownish, hygrophanous, umbilicate, some-
times infundibuliform, at length flattened; extremely variable in
form, either quite stemless and reniform, or variously stipitate, lobed
at the margin and sinuate, or plicate. St. -5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
darker, cylindrical, pulverulent, springing from a brown, fibrillose
mycelium. Gills pallid, decurrent when the stem is developed, rather
distant, strongly toothed, and irregularly torn. Spores white, elliptical,
5-6 x 4/u,. On decayed Ulex, birch, and spruce. Nov. — Jan. Rare.
(v.v.)
540 LENTINUS
1782. L. fimbriatus Currey. Cke. Illus. no. 1095, t. 1148, fig. A.
Fimbriatus, fringed.
P. 1-2-5 cm., fawn colour, covered with darker floccose scales, some-
what dimidiate, subcoriaceous, thin, depressed, sometimes very much
so and almost cyathiform; margin slightly involute, almost strigose.
St. 4-6 x 2—3 mm., concolorous with the gills, or paler, lateral, rough
with somewhat refiexed scales; apex with a delicate, white, fimbriate
collar or fringe when young. Gills pale brown, descending, irregularly
serrated and torn at the margin. On a stump standing in a pond.
Sept. Kare.
1783. L. vulpinus (Sow.) Fr. (= Lentinus castoreus Fr. sec. Quel.)
Fr. Icon. t. 176, fig. 1. Vulpinus, foxy.
Sessile, many times imbricated. Pilei tan, fleshy, very pliant, reni-
form-conchate, very convex ; margin deflexed and almost perpendicular,
hence concave beneath; surface wholly peculiar, with raised longi-
tudinal ribs, which are broken up into scales or fibrous teeth towards the
thin, incurved, fuscescent margin, hence entirely rough and corrugated,
velvety tomentose, and white-warty behind. Gills whitish, then reddish,
extended to the base, broad, crowded, torn into teeth. Flesh white.
Spores white, "somewhat needle-shaped, 9-10 x 1-5/t" Rick. Smell
none or strong of field mint. Trunks, and stumps. March — Oct. Rare.
1784. L. auricula Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 175, fig. 2. Auricula, the ear.
White, becoming tinged with yellow when old, caespitosely imbricate.
P. 2-4 cm., fleshy-coriaceous, ear-shaped, dimidiate, oblong, ascending,
sessile, cucullately-revolute beneath. Gills very narrow, 1 mm. wide,
very closely crenulately-serrated, decurrent to the base, and separate.
Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 3-4(4, with a large central gutta.
Lime stumps. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1785. L. flabelliformis (Bolt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1095, t. 1148, fig. B.
Flabelliformis, fan-shaped.
Subsessile. P. 2-3 cm., pallid fawn colour, membranaceous, pliant,
reniform, plane, even; margin fimbriato-t oot hed. St. commonly rudi-
mentary, 4-6 mm. long. Gills whitish, or pallid, broad, somewhat
distant, rather thick, torn into teeth at the edge. Spores white,
"cylindrical, 8-9 x 2-2-5/x" Rick, "minutely echinulate" Quel. On
stumps. Feb. Rare.
CANTHARELLINEAE.
Hymenium inseparable from the pileus, spread over the surface of
narrow, obtuse veins, gills, or folds, or quite smooth. \ .*'
CANTHARELLACEAE.
Same characters as the suborder.
NYCTALIS. CANTHARELLUS 541
*Spores white.
Keceptacle fleshy, stipitate; gills simple. Parasitic on other Agarics.
Nyctalis Fr.
(vv£, night.)
Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, fleshy, confluent with the
pileus. Gills adnate, or decurrent, thick, soft, edge obtuse. Spores
white, elliptical, smooth. Chlamydospores often present. Growing
on other Agarics, more rarely on the ground.
1786. N. parasitica (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1068, t. 1113.
Parasitica, parasitic.
P. 1-5-3 cm., whitish fuscous, then becoming pale whitish, somewhat
fleshy, conico-campanulate, then convex, plane, and obtuse, or obso-
letely umbonate, unequal, pellicle persistent, pruinose, grey. St.
2-5-6 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, straight, or curved, equal, or slightly
attenuated upwards, pubescent, bristling with hairs at the base.
Gills white, becoming fuscous, adnate, thick, distant, with alternate
shorter ones intermixed, at length contorted and anastomosing.
Flesh dark grey. Spores white, elliptical, 5-7 x 3-4 ju,. Smell
like Polyporus squamosus. On dead Russula adusta, Russula foetens,
Russula chloroides and Lactarius velkreus. Aug. — Dec. Common.
(v.v.)
1787. N. asterophora Fr. aa-r^p, a star; (frepw, I bear.
P. 1-1-5 cm., white, then fawn colour from the large stellate chlamydo-
spores, 15-20 /x, fleshy, conical, then hemispherical, fioccoso-pulveru-
lent. St. 1-2 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, then fuscous, equal, often twisted,
pruinose. Gills white, then dingy, adnate, distant, thick, tense and
straight, somewhat forked, often wanting. Flesh dark grey. Spores
white, "elliptical, 6 x 4 /A" Kick. On dead Russula nigricans. July —
Nov. Common, (v.v.)
N. caliginosa W. G. Sm. = ? a diseased state of some Clitocybe.
Trogia Fr. = Plicatura Peck.
Eeceptacle fleshy, stipitate; gills forked.
Cantharellus Adans.
(icavdapos, a drinking cup.)
Pileus fleshy, regular, excentric, or lobed. Stem central, confluent
with the pileus. Gills decurrent, thick, branched. Spores white, rarely
pale ochraceous in the mass, elliptical, oval, or pip-shaped, smooth;
basidia with 4-8-sterigmata. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing
on the ground.
542 CANTHARELLUS
*P. and solid st. fleshy.
1788. C. cibarius Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1055, t. 1103.
Cibarius, pertaining to food.
Entirely egg-yellow. P. 5-10 cm., convex, turbinate, then plane or
somewhat depressed, repand; margin often lobed. St. 4-7 x 2-4 cm.,
attenuated downwards. Gills decurrent, fold-like, thick, distant,
branched, often anastomosing. Flesh yellowish, drying whitish, firm.
Spores white, elliptical, 10 x 8 p., multi-guttulate ; basidia with 5-6-
sterigmata. Smell pleasant, like that of apricots. Taste mild. Edible.
Woods. July — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. albus Fr. Albus, white.
Differs from the type in being entirely white, or here and there tinged
with pink. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. rafipes Gillet. Cke. lUus. no. 1056, t. 1131.
Rufus, red; pes, foot.
Differs from the type in the rufous base of the stem. Woods. Sept. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. ramosus Schulz. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 27, fig. 4. Ramosus, branched.
Differs from the type in the branched stem, and in the pileoli be-
coming finally infundibuliform. Woods. Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
1789. C. amethysteus Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. m, t. 12.
dpeOva-Tos, amethyst.
P. 5-10 cm., egg-yellow, covered with a lilac down either in zones, or
more especially at the margin, fleshy, firm, turbinate, then plane and
somewhat depressed ; margin often scalloped. St. 3-4 x 2-5-3 cm.,
egg-yellow, obconic, attenuated downwards. Gills egg-yellow, vein-like,
branched, thick. Flesh white, then yellowish. Spores white, oval,
10 x 5-6 p,, filled with granular protoplasm. Smell and taste pleasant.
Beech woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1790. C. Friesii Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 23, fig. 2.
Elias Fries, the eminent Swedish mycologist.
P. 2-4 cm., orange, soon becoming ochraceous, convex, then de-
pressed, thin, villose; margin scalloped. St. 2-4 cm. x 2-4 mm.,
yellow, pruinose, base white villose. Gills yellow, flesh colour, or orange,
decurrent, fold-like, narrow, branched. Flesh white, yellowish under
the cuticle. Spores pale ochre in the mass, hyaline under the micro-
scope, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/n, 1-guttulate. Taste somewhat sour.
Edible. Beech woods. Aug. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
C. aurantiacus (Wulf .) Fr. = Clitocybe aurantiaca (Wulf .) Studer.
C hypnorum Brond. = Clitocybe hypnorum (Brond.) Rea.
CANTHARELLTTS 543
1791. C. Brownii B. & Br. (= Naucoria pediades Fr. sec. Pat., a
monstrous form described as a Ptychella.) Cke. Illus. no. 1058,
t. 1106, fig. A. J. Brown.
Entirely ochraceous white, or cream coloured. P. 10-15 mm., thin,
convex, subumbonate, obscurely silky. St. 4-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., tough,
nearly equal, somewhat furfuraceous, furnished with a little white,
fibrillose mycelium at the base, which sometimes forms a small earthy
ball. Gills fold-like, obtusely decurrent, rather distant, linear, very
narrow, sometimes forked. Hymenium nearly white. Spores white,
broadly elliptical, 7 x 5-6/x,. Amongst grass. Autumn. Rare.
1792. C. carbonarius (A. & S.) Fr. (= Xerotus degener Fr. sec. Quel.;
Cantharellus radicosus (B. & Br.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 1059,
t. 1105. Carbonarius, pertaining to charcoal
P. 1-6 cm., date brown, then black, umbilicate, or infundibuliform,
coriaceous, minutely squamulose\ margin lobed. St. 3— 6 cm. x 3-
10 mm., paler than the pileus, rooting, striate, sometimes branched.
Gills white, then glaucous, or grey, decurrent, straight, narrow. Flesh
whitish. Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/x, 2-3-guttulate. Cys-
tidia fusiform, apex acute, 3-4/u, in diam., 95-120 x 13-14/z, very
thick walled, upper portion incrusted. Charcoal heaps, and burnt
ground. July — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1793. C. umbonatus (Gmel.) Fr. Umbonatus, umbonate.
P. 1-5-4 cm., cinereous blackish, convex, umbonate, at length de-
pressed, flocculosely- silky; margin incurved, white. St. 5-8 cm. x 7-
10 mm., concolorous, base white floccose, elastic, equal. Gills shining
white, decurrent, thin, straight, crowded, repeatedly dichotomous. Flesh
white, often becoming red when wounded. Spores white, pip-shaped,
8-9 x 3^-4 fj,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Woods, and heaths. April —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1794. C. albidus Fr. Albidus, whitish.
P. 1-2-5 cm., whitish, inclining to yellowish, or rufescent, convex,
umbilicate, thin, lobed, slightly villose. St. 2-4 cm. x 4-8 mm., white,
rarely yellowish, tough, flexuose. Gills white, then yellowish, decurrent,
crowded, repeatedly dichotomous. Flesh white, yellowish under the
cuticle. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/a, 1-guttulate. Cystidia
none. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
**P. submembranaceous ; st. tubular, polished.
1795. C. tubaefonnis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1061, t. 1108.
Tuba, a trumpet ; forma, shape.
P. 2-6 cm., fuscous when moist, becoming pale when dry, fleshy-
membranaceous, infundibuliform, deeply umbilicate, repand and lobed,
544 CANTHARELLTJS
flocculose. St. 3-7 cm. x 3-8 mm., orange-tawny, at length compressed
and lacunose. Gills yellow, then pruinose and greyish, fold-like, de-
current, thick, distant, branched. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 6/n.
Woods. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. lutescens (Bull.) Fr. Lutescens, becoming yellowish.
Differs from the type in the convexo-umbilicate, somewhat regular
and rather even pileus, in the more equal stem, attenuated upwards and
in the dichotomous gills being less divided. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1796. C. infondibuliformis (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1062, t. 1109.
Infundibulum, a funnel ; forma, shape.
P. 2—5 cm., yellowish-cinereous, or fuliginous when moist, becoming
pale when dry, submembranaceous, umbilicate, then infundibuliform,
here and there pervious to the base, rugose, fibrillose. St. 4-8 cm. x
4-6 mm., light yellow, base somewhat thickened. Gills light yellowish,
then pruinose and grey, fold-like, decurrent, thick, distant, branched,
anastomosing. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or subglobose, 7-9 x
7 p. Woods. July — Jan. Common, (v.v.)
var. subramosus Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 97.
Sub, somewhat; ramosus, branched.
Differs from the type in the somewhat branched stems. Woods. Sept.
— Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1797. C. lutescens (Pers.) Fr. (= Craterellus lutescens (Pers.) Fr. Hym.
Eur.) Pers. Myc. Eur. n, t. 13, fig. 1, as Merulius xanthopus.
Lutescens, becoming yellowish.
P. 2-10 cm., fuscous, submembranaceous, tubaeform, soon pervious,
undulated, flocculose. St. 5-10 x 1 cm., golden yellow, attenuated at
the base, undulate. Gills yellow, inclining to reddish, or orange, fold-
like, thin, flexuose, anastomosing. Flesh yellowish, deeper at the
periphery. Spores white, elliptical, 10-12 x 6-7 -5 p. Smell strong,
spirituous. Mountainous fir woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1798. C. cinereus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1063, t. 1110, fig. A.
Cinereus, colour of ashes.
P. 2-5 cm., hoary fuliginous, becoming whitish, submembranaceous,
infundibuliform, often pervious to the base of the stem, vittoso-squamu-
lose. St. 3-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, then blackish, attenuated
downwards, curved, fibrillosely-striate. Gills cinereous, then whitish
pruinose, fold-like, decurrent, thick, distant, connected by veins,
slightly branched. Flesh blackish Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 5 /A.
Smell pleasant, "like the Mirabelle plum" Quel. Woods. Sept.— Nov
Uncommon, (v.v.)
CANTHARELLUS 545
1799. C. leucophaeus Nouel. Cke. lUus. no. 1064, t. 1111, fig. A.
\evfcos, white; <f>aio<i, dusky.
P. 2—3 cm., dusky brown, submembranaceous, tough, plane, then
depressed or inf undibulif orm ; margin incurved, then reflexed. St.
3—4 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, or paler, slightly thickened at the
base. Gills white, decurrent, distant, simple, or forked, with inter-
mediate shorter ones. Spores white, elliptical, 9 x 5ju,. Woods, and
heaths. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1800. C. Houghtonii Phill. Cke. Elus. no. 1060, t. 1107, fig. B.
Rev. William Houghton.
P. 2-3 cm., dirty white with a tinge of flesh colour, thin, convex,
umbilicate. St. 5 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, thickened at the apex, at
first delicately fibrillose, base rooting, cottony. Gills pallid flesh colour,
decurrent, narrow, scarcely forked. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4jn.
On the ground. Oct.
1801. C. cupulatus Fr. (= Cantharellus helvelloides (Bull.) Quel.)
Boud. Icon. t. 71, as Cantharellus helvelloides (Bull.) Quel.
Cupulatus, pertaining to a little tub or cask.
P. 10-15 mm., pallid fuscous when moist, becoming pale, somewhat
rufescent when dry, membranaceous, plano-infundibuliform (exactly
cup-shaped), repand, lobed, flocculose when dry; margin striate. St.
2-3 cm. x 3-5 mm., paler than the pileus, expanding into the pileus,
tough, pruinose. Gills grey, decurrent, very distant, narrow, branched,
with intermediate simple ones. Flesh greyish, becoming white. Spores
white, pip-shaped, or elliptical with a lateral basal apiculus, 8-10 x
5-6/x,. Open heathy ground and old walls. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1802 C. Stevensonii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 1064, t. 1111, fig. B.
Rev. John Stevenson, the eminent Scotch mycologist.
P. 4mm., pallid, orbicular, umbilicate; margin inflexed. St. 6 x
1 mm., white, then darker, cylindrical, delicately pulverulent. Gills
pallid, becoming fuscous in front, decurrent. On rotten wood amongst
moss. March — April. Rare.
1803. C. replexus Fr. Replexus, bent back.
P. 1-5— 2-5 cm., fuscous, then cinereous, membranaceous, campanu-
late, convex, expanded and inverted, striate St. 3-5 cm. x 2 mm.,
grey, thickened above. Gills white, then glaucous, adnato-decurrent,
connected by veins, distant, branched, and dimidiate. On the ground
amongst grass, moss, and leaves. Oct. — Nov.
var. devexus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1098, t. 1150, fig. A.
Devexus, inclining downwards.
Differs from the type in the cucullate pileus, and the simple, cinereous
gills. Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 6/n, 1-guttulate. Burnt ground,
and amongst moss on heaths. Nov. Rare, (v.v.)
B. B. B. 35
546 CANTHARELLTJS. CRATERELLUS
C. muscigenus (Bull.) Fr. = Dictyolus muscigenus (Bull.) Quel.
C. glaucus (Batsch) Fr. = Dictyolus glaucus (Batsch) Quel.
C. retirugus (BuU.) Fr. = Dictyolus retirugus (Bull.) Quel.
C. lobatus (Pers.) Fr. = Dictyolus lobatus (Pers.) Quel.
Eeceptacle fleshy, membranaceous, funnel-shaped, or umbilicate.
Hymenium veined, or smooth.
Craterellas Fr.
(Kparrjp, a large bowl.)
Pileus fleshy, or membranaceous, funnel-shaped, or umbilicate.
Stem central, confluent with the pileus. Hymenium smooth, be-
coming wrinkled. Spores white, rarely pale ochraceous in the mass,
elliptical, ovoid, or oblong elliptical, smooth, or punctate; basidia
with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Growing on the ground.
*Tubaeform, pervious to the base of the stem.
C. lutescens (Pers.) Fr. = Cantharellus lutescens (Pers.) Fr.
1804. C. cornucopioides (Linn.) Fr. Berk. Outl. t. 19, fig. 6.
Cornu copiae, horn of plenty; et8o<?, like.
P. 3-5 cm., blackish fuliginous when moist, brownish when dry, sub-
membranaceous, tubaeform, pervious, squamulose. St. 5—10 x 1 cm.,
black, dilated upwards into the pileus. Hymenium cinereous, even,
at length wrinkled. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 11-15 x 6-8 //,.
Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
**Infundibuliform, st. stuffed.
1805. C. sinuosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 196, fig. 2. Sinuosus, undulated.
P. 2-3 cm.,fuscous grey, slightly fleshy, infundibuliform, undulated,
floccose. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 3-8 mm., grey, apex ochraceous. Hymenium
grey, then ochraceous, at length with interwoven wrinkles. Spores
pale ochraceous in the mass, elliptical, 7-9 x 5-6ju,, punctate. Smell
none, or of musk. Woods. Aug. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1806. C. crispus (Sow.) Fr. Crispus, curled.
P. 2-4 cm., fuliginous becoming fuscous, fleshy-membranaceous, in-
fundibuliform, somewhat pervious, lobed, pruinose. St. 2-3 cm. x
4-8 mm., yellow, becoming greyish, pruinose. Hymenium pallid, even.
Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 6-7 /u. Woods. Aug. — Nov. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1807. C. pusfflus Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 2.
Pusillus, very little.
P. 10-12 mm., cinereous, convex, umbilicate, thin, rugose, villose.
St. 5-20 x 2—4 mm., grey, somewhat compressed. Hymenium bluish-
DICTYOLUS 547
grey, smooth, or slightly wrinkled, pruinose. Spores white ovoid, or
elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /z, finely punctate. Beech woods, and under
beeches. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
Receptacle membranaceous, spathulate, or cup-shaped pendant.
Hymenium veined, or smooth.
Dictyolus Quel. (= Cantharellus p.p.).
(SiKTvov, network.)
Pileus membranaceous, spathulate, or cup-shaped and pendant.
Hymenium consisting of vein-like gills, anastomosing in a reticulate
manner, or almost smooth. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped,
smooth. Cystidia none. Growing on wood, or on mosses.
*P. attached by the apex, resupinate, then reflexed.
1808. D. retirugus (Bull.) Quel. (= Cantharellus retirugus (Bull.) FT.)
Cke. Illus. no. 1066, t. 1112, fig. A, as Cantharellus retirugus Fr.
Rete, a net; ruga, a wrinkle.
P. 1-2 cm., cinereous, becoming whitish, pellucid, membranaceous,
cup-shaped, then expanded, repando-lobed, very tender. Gills grey,
or whitish, fold-like, radiating from the centre, connected by veins and
reticulated, very tender. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6 /z. On
twigs, and mosses. April — June. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1809. D. lobatus (Pers.) Quel. (= Cantharellus lobatus (Pers.) Fr.)
Lobatus, lobed.
P. 1-5-3 cm., dark fuscous when moist, becoming pale when dry,
pellucid, membranaceous, somewhat round, or reniform, then some-
what lateral and lobed, white cottony at the base. Gills concolorous,
fold-like, subdistant, distinct, branched. Spores white, broadly ellip-
tical, 8-10 x 6-7 /A. On mosses, and Carices in bogs. April — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
D. cyphellaeformis (Berk.) Cost. & Duf. = Pleurotus cyphellaeformis
Berk.
**P. lateral, substipitate, or sessile.
1810. D. muscigenus (Bull.) Quel. (= Cantharellus muscigenus (Bull.)
Fr.) Muscus, moss ; genus, born.
P. 1-2-5 cm., fuscous when moist, cinereous whitish and zoned when
dry, membranaceous, tough, spathulate, slightly undulate when full
grown. St. 2-4 x 2-4 mm., lateral, villose at the base, horizontal and
continuous with the pileus. Gills concolorous, slightly swollen,
diverging from the apex of the stem, distant, branched. Spores white,
pip-shaped, 7-9 x 4-6/x, 1-2-guttulate. On mosses. June — Nov.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
35—2
548 DICTYOLUS. NEUKOPHYLLUM. PAXILLUS
1811. D. glaucus (Batsch) Quel. (= Cantharellus glaucus (Batsch)
FT.) Cke. Illus. no. 1065, t. 1115, fig. B, as Cantharellus glaucus
Batsch. y\avKo<;, pale green.
P. 1 cm., grey, pellucid, membranaceous, ligulate, ascending, silky.
St. 2 x 1 mm., white, lateral, pruinose. Gills glaucous, then grey, fold-
like, tumid, distant, forked. Spores white, "elliptical, 5-6 x 4/x"
Karst. On sandy slopes, and on mosses. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon.
**Spores ochraceous.
Receptacle fleshy coriaceous, stipitate. Hymenium fold-like.
Neurophyllum Pat.
(vevpov, a sinew; (f>v\\ov, a leaf.)
Pileus fleshy coriaceous, irregular. Stem central, confluent with
the pileus. Hymenium fold-like, thick, decurrent. Spores ochraceous,
elliptical, or fusiform, smooth. Cystidia none. Growing on the ground.
1812. N. clavatum (Pers.) Pat. (= Craterellus clavatus (Pers.) Fr.)
Krombh. t. 45, figs. 13-17, as Cantharellus clavatus.
Clavatum, club-shaped.
P. 3-15 cm., lilac, or rose colour, then flesh colour, and finally ochra-
ceous, fleshy, turbinate, truncate, or depressed, flexuose, attenuated into
the solid stem. St. 1-5 x 1-3 cm., whitish lilac, or amethyst, then pale,
occasionally branched, obconic. Hymenium purplish, then concolorous,
fold-like, thick, reticulated, reticulations anastomosing, decurrent.
Spores ochraceous, elliptical, or fusiform, 10-12 x 4-5 fi, 1-2-guttulate.
Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Mountainous fir woods ; the British
record is beech woods. June — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
BOLETINEAE.
Hymenium soft, separable from the pileus, and lining the inside of
pores, or pore-like gills.
BOLETACEAE.
Same characters as the suborder.
1. Hymenium spread over gills, which anastomose by veins, and form
irregular pores, especially at the apex of the stem. Spores white,
ochraceous, or ferruginous.
Paxillus Fr.
(Paxillus, a small stake.)
Pileus fleshy, regular, excentric, dimidiate, or resupinate. Stem
central, excentric, lateral, or none, confluent with the pileus. Gills
decurrent, soft, almost mucilaginous, separable, often anastomosing.
Spores white, ochraceous, reddish, or ferruginous; elliptical, pip-
shaped, or globose, smooth. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing
on the ground, or on wood.
PAXILLUS 549
I. P. entire, central. Spores dirty white, only in P. panaeolus
with a tendency to ferruginous.
1813. P. giganteus (Sow.) Fr. (= Clitocybe gigantea (Sow.) Quel.)
Cke. Illus. no. 150, t. 106, as Clitocybe gigantea Sow.
7/<ya<», a giant.
Entirely tan white. P. 3-30 cm., fleshy, convex, then plane, or de-
pressed, then plano-infundibuliform, soft, minutely adpresso-squamu-
lose, often guttate, the whole surface under a lens clothed with a fine
matted silkiness ; margin strongly involute and pubescent at first, then
spreading, and becoming smooth, at length revolute and sulcate with
small shallow channels, often splitting. St. 3-7-5 x 2-5 cm., equal, or
attenuated upwards, base subbulbous, smooth, or minutely pubescent.
Gills whitish, then tan colour, subdecurrent, often branched and anasto-
mosing, narrow, or broad, very crowded. Flesh white, very firm, thin
at the margin. Spores whitish, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6/x, 1-3-
guttulate. Smell pleasant, taste mild. Edible. Often forming large
rings. Pastures, heaths, rarely in woods. Aug. — Nov. Not uncom-
mon, (v.v.)
1814. P. Alexandri Fr. (= Clitocybe gilva Fr. sec. Quel.)
P. Alexandra.
P. 5-7-5 cm., fawn colour, fleshy, compact, plane, then depressed,
dry, unpolished; margin closely involute, somewhat striate when
expanded. St. 12 mm. x 2-5-3 cm., ventricose. Gills boxwood colour,
subdecurrent, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellow. Spores whitish.
Amongst moss in woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
1815. P. lepista Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 164, fig. 1.
\67raa-Tr), a drinking vessel.
P. 4—10 cm., dingy whitish, fleshy, convex, then plane and depressed,
obtuse, rimuloso-squamulose towards the circumference, dry; margin
involute, often undulato-flexuose, smooth. St. 2-5-10 cm. x 12-
15 mm., whitish, sometimes rufescent, or inclining to fuscous, equal, or
attenuated downwards, always blunt at the white villose base, cuticle
somewhat horny and continuous with the hymenophore. Gills dingy white,
at length darker, deeply decurrent, somewhat branched, simple at the
base, 3-6 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh whitish, compact, or thin,
spongy-elastic in the st. Spores reddish, becoming fuscous pallid,
elliptical, 7-8 x 5jn. Cystidia none. Smell mealy, often rather rancid.
Woods, and pastures. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1816. P. extenuatus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 164, fig. 2. Extenuatus, thinned.
P. 3-7-5 cm., clay, or becoming fuscous tan, fleshy, convex, gibbous,
then expanded, obtuse, tough, smooth, moist; margin involute,
pubescent, at length expanded, rigid-fragile. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-12 mm.,
550 PAXILLUS
pallid, somewhat horny, elastic, fibrillose, firm, conico-elongate, or
clavate, becoming more equal; base incrassated, rooting, and con-
densing the earth into a large ball. Gills whitish, then mouse colour,
arcuate, very narrow, 3-4 mm. broad, linear, very crowded. Flesh
watery whitish, rigid, compact at the disc, very thin at the margin,
spongy in the st., scissile. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4 p,
smooth. Cystidia none" Rick. Grassy places in pine woods. Oct.
Rare.
1817. P. panaeolus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 863, t. 874, fig. A.
7rai/ai'oXo9, all- variegated.
Entirely whitish, the st. becoming rufescent. P. 2-5 cm., fleshy,
convexo-plane, then somewhat depressed, smooth; margin thin, in-
volute. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., attenuated upwards or downwards,
striato-fibrillose. Gills at length watery-ferruginous, slightly de-
current, narrow, crowded, separated from the hymenophore by a
horny line, and readily separating from the p. Flesh becoming black,
thin. Spores very pale ferruginous, globose, 5{j,, 1-guttulate. Coni-
ferous woods. Oct. — Nov. Rare, (v.v.)
var. spilomaeolus Fr. trTrtXeo/xa, a spot; atoXo?, variegated.
Differs from the type in the yellowish white p. spotted as with drops,
in the slender, yellowish white st. and in the gills being horny grey at the
base. Amongst fir leaves. Oct. Rare.
1818. P. orcelloides Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 863, t. 874, fig. B
Orcella, the species Cliptopilus orcella; etSo?, like.
P. 2-5 cm., snow white, becoming stained with livid or greyish blotches,
fleshy, convex, then flattened, minutely silky, shining; margin thin,
persistently incurved. St. 2-5-6 cm. x 3-6 mm., ochraceous, gradually
tapering to the base, elastic, silky fibrillose. Gills whitish, then livid,
at length dingy yellowish brown, adnato-decurrent, crowded, 3 mm.
broad, separated from the flesh of the p. by a horny line. Flesh white,
thin at the margin. Spores pale dingy ochraceous, elliptical, 5-8 x
3-4/A, 1-guttulate. Woods, and amongst grass. Sept. — Nov. Rare.
(ft*.)
1819. P. lividus Cke. Cke. Ulus. no. 864, t. 861.
Lividus, of a leaden colour.
P. 2-5-5 cm., dingy white, or livid ochraceous, opaque, convex, at
length slightly depressed at the disc. St. 7-5-10 x 1 cm., white,
attenuated downwards, fibrillose. Gills white, decurrent, arcuate,
3 mm. broad, almost crowded. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores
nearly white, globose, 3-3-5/n. Smell pleasant. Woods. Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
PAXILLUS 551
1820. P. revolutus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 865, t. 862.
Revolutus, rolled back.
P. 2-5-4 cm., pale ochraceous, disc slightly darker, fleshy, convex,
obtuse; margin thin, even, sometimes at first tinged with violet, a
little revolute. St. 3-5 x 1 cm., paler than the p., often tinted violet at
the base, attenuated downwards. Gills pallid, then clay coloured, very
decurrent, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores
pale, globose, 3-5-4/u,. Smell mealy. Fields. Oct. Uncommon,
II. P. commonly excentric, or resupinate. Spores ferruginous.
1821 . P. paradoxus (Kalchbr.) Quel. (= Flammula paradoxa Kalchbr. ;
Flammula Tammii Fr. sec. Bres.; Phylloporus Pelletieri (Lev.)
Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 207, as Phylloporus rhodoxanthus
(Schw.) Bres. Tra/aaSofo?, strange.
P. 5-8 cm., deep rufous umber, or yellowish brown, fleshy, convex,
or pulvinate, then plane, adpressedly tomentose, becoming smooth,
dry; margin often lobed and sinuate. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-15 mm.,
yellow, often with a dingy purplish tinge, bulbous, or attenuated at the
base, equal, or fusiform, somewhat rooted, adpressedly fibrillose, the
cuticle often breaking up into squarrosely revolute flaps. Gills yellow,
then golden, becoming reddish when bruised, decurrent, distant, the
alternate ones broader, connected by veins at the base, and in some
cases anastomosing to form pores towards the margin. Flesh reddish,
becoming yellow, soft, juicy. Spores lurid ochraceous, oblong, 12-13 x
4-5 fj,, often 2-guttulate. Cystidia "almost flask-shaped-lanceolate,
60-70 x 9-15 ju," Rick. Woods. Aug. — Nov. Rather uncommon, (v.v.)
1822. P. involutus (Batsch) Fr. Involutus, rolled in.
P. 7-20 cm., ochrey ferruginous, fleshy, convexo-plane, then de-
pressed, for the most part central, pubescent, soon becoming smooth,
somewhat viscid when moist, shining when dry; margin obtuse, villous,
closely involute, then extenuated and acute. St. 5-8 x 1-4 cm., dingy
yellowish, generally spotted, thickened upwards, more rarely bulbous
at the base, naked. Gills pallid, then ferruginous, at once dingy-spotted
when touched, decurrent, rather broad, branched behind, and often
anastomosing and forming pores near the st. Flesh pallid, or yellowish,
compact, soft. Spores deep ochraceous, elliptical, 8-10 x 5-7 JLI. Cys-
tidia "lanceolate, 60-75 x 8-15/i" Rick. Taste mild. Edible. Woods,
heaths, and pastures. June — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. excentricus Fr. eKicevrpos, out of the centre.
Differs from the type in the excentric p. and short st. On^trunks,
and stumps. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. subinvolutus (Batsch) W. G. Sm.
Sub, somewhat; involutus, rolled in.
Differs from the type in the less involute margin of the p.
552 PAXILLTJS
1823. P. porosus Berk. Tropo?, a pore.
P. 10-11 cm., reddish claret, or olive brown, fleshy, viscid when
moist; margin thin, even, not involute. St. 8-9 x 1-5-2 cm., claret
brown, darker below, excentric, tough, equal, or attenuated downwards,
somewhat reticulate above with the pores. Gills yellow to sulphur
green, changing to pale blue, and then brownish when bruised, dull green
when old, decurrent, shallow, poriform, pores round to elongate,
irregular large to small. Flesh dull pale vinous brown, mottled and
streaked, darker and changing colour in the st. Smell very strong, un-
pleasant. Moist woods under firs. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
1824. P. leptopus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 164, fig. 3.
XeTTTo?, thin; TTOU?, foot.
P. 4-8 cm., fuscous yellowish, always excentric, or lateral, at length
depressed, but gibbous at the disc, fleshy, dry, covered with dense down,
soon torn up into dense, villose, fuscous, or yellowish scales. St. 1-2-5 x
1 cm.; lemon-yellow-olivaceous, short, attenuated downwards, somewhat
incurved. Gills yellowish, then darker, not spotted when touched, de-
current, simple, not anastomosing, tense and straight, very narrow,
crowded. Flesh yellow, thin at the margin. Spores "pale dingy
yellow, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/x" Massee. Woods, bogs, and on stumps.
Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1825. P. atrotomentosus (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 869, t. 876.
Ater, black; tomentosus, woolly.
P. 5-30 cm., ferruginous, fleshy, excentric, convex, then plano-
infundibuliform, sometimes wholly lateral and ascending, dry,
rivuloso-granular, sometimes also slightly tomentose; margin thin,
involute. St. 5-8 x 1-2-5 cm., covered over with dense, soft, umber
blackish, or inclining to violaceous, velvety down, elastic, somewhat
equal, curved, ascending, rooting. Gills yellowish, adnate, scarcely
decurrent, branched at the base, somewhat anastomosing, 6 mm.
broad, crowded, easily separating from the sulcate hymenophore.
Flesh white, compact, firm. Spores pale ochraceous, broadly elliptical,
4-6 x 3-1/n, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Taste mild. Edible. Pine
woods and on pine stumps. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1826. P. crassus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 870, t. 877. Crassus, thick.
P. 5-7*5 cm., becoming ferruginous, fleshy, oblique, almost plane,
becoming smooth. St. 1-2 x 1 cm., concolorous, tapering downwards,
excentric, ascending. Gills cinnamon, decurrent, straight, 4 mm.
broad, subdistant. Flesh somewhat concolorous, thick, soft, spongy.
Spores "ferruginous, elliptical, 15-18 x 7-8 /tt" Cke. On trunks,
worked wood, ground of rifle butts, and in woods. Nov. Rare.
PAXILLTJS. GYROPORUS 553
1827. P. panuoides Fr. (= Paxillus lamellirugus (DC.) Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 871, t. 878. Panus, the genus Panus; eZSo?, like.
Entirely dingy yellow. P. 2-5 cm., fleshy, sessile, or extended, and
at the first resupinate, soon conchate, dimidiate and obovate, at length
broadly expanded, undulato-lobed, and often imbricated, pubescent,
becoming smooth, somewhat rivulose. Gills yellow, decurrent to the
base, anastomosing behind, branched, crisped, crowded. Flesh cream
colour, becoming whitish, soft, equal, thin. Spores ochraceous, ellip-
tical, 5 x 3/u,. Cystidia none. Smell often very fragrant. On sawdust,
rotten pine stumps, and wood. June — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. fagi (B. & Br.) Cke. Fagus, beech.
Differs from the type in being crisped, pallid upwards, orange beneath
and having orange gills. Gregarious. Beech stumps. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
2. Hymenium lining the inside of fleshy tubes.
Spores white, or pale yellowish.
Gyroporus (Quel.) Pat. (=Boletus p.p.).
(yvpos, round; Tropo?, pore.)
Pileus fleshy, tomentose, or smooth. Stem central, velvety, or
glabrous, externally firm, fragile, internally spongy, often cavernous,
base immersed in the soil. Pores white, then often yellowish, entire,
round; tubes concolorous, free. Flesh white, firm, sometimes be-
coming blue on exposure to the air. Spores white, or pale yellowish,
oval, elliptical, pip-shaped, or elliptic-oblong, smooth. Cystidia cla-
vate. Growing on the ground.
1828. G. cyanescens (Bull.) (= Boletus cyanescens (Bull.) Fr.) Quel.
Rostk. Bol. t. 44, as Boletus cyanescens Bull.
KVO.VOS, dark blue.
P. 5-13 cm., subfuscous, or tan, convexo-expanded, adpressedly
tomentose, floccosely-scaly, opaque. St. 5-9 x 2-3 cm., concolorous,
ventricose, villoso-pruinose, firm, fragile, stuffed with a spongy pith,
at length cavernous. Tubes white, at length light yellow, becoming bluish
when touched, free; orifice of pores minute, round. Flesh white, in-
stantly becoming deep indigo blue on exposure to the air, pouring out
an azure blue juice when compressed, firm. Spores whitish, elliptical,
often with a basal apiculus, 8-9 x 4-5 /n, multi-guttulate. Woods.
July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1829. G. lacteus (Lev.) Quel. (= Boletus cyanescens (Bull.) Fr.)
Lacteus, milk-white.
P. 10-15 cm., pure white, convex, gibbous, minutely tomentose.
St. 9-12 x 4-6 cm., pure white, incrassated at the base, firm, velvety,
stuffed with a spongy pith and cavernous, at length hollowed out.
Tubes white, free, short; orifice of pores white, minute, round, or
554 GYROPOBUS. TYLOPILUS
angular. Flesh white, becoming deep indigo blue on exposure to the air,
spongy, thick at the disc, thin at the margin of the p. Spores white,
pip-shaped, 8-9 x 4-5/i, 3-5-guttulate. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1830. G. castaneus (Bull.) Quel. (= Boletus castaneus (Bull.) Fr. ;
Gyroporus fulvidus (Fr.) Pat. sec. Quel.) Holland, Champ,
t. 79, no. 177. Castanea, chestnut.
P. 5-10 cm., cinnamon, or chestnut coloured, convex, then expanded,
or depressed, firm, minutely velvety. St. 5-7 x 2-3 cm., concolorous,
attenuated upwards from the somewhat bulbous base, minutely velvety,
stuffed, then hollow. Tubes white, becoming yellowish, free, short;
orifice of pores white, then yellowish, minute, round. Flesh white, very
firm. Spores white, or pale yellow, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 /u,, often 1-
guttulate. Taste pleasant, nutty. Edible. Woods, rarely in pastures
under trees. Aug. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1831. G. fulvidus (Fr.) Pat. (= Boktus fulvidus Fr. ; Gyroporus casta-
neus (Bull.) Quel.) Rostk. Bol. t. 45, as Boktus fulvidus Fr.
Fulvidus, somewhat tawny.
P. 5-9 cm., becoming tawny, convex, then plane, rigid, firm, smooth,
shining. St. 4—7 x 1-5-2*5 cm., concolorous, equal, firm, smooth,
shining, stuffed, then hollow. Tubes white, then citron yellow, free,
elongated; orifice of pores white, then lemon yellow, angular. Flesh
white, becoming yellowish, firm. Spores "yellowish, elliptic- oblong,
10-11 x 5/u" Massee. Taste pleasant. Edible. Heaths, and under
trees. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon.
Spores pink.
Tylopilus Karst (= Boletus p.p.).
(rv\o<;, a knot; TrtXo?, cap.)
Pileus villose, or glabrescent. Stem central, reticulate, apex granular,
or smooth. Tubes white, then pinkish, adnate, or sinuate, long, or
short; orifice of pores concolorous, angular, or round. Flesh un-
changeable, or slightly pinkish when exposed to the air. Spores pink,
fusiform, or oblong, smooth. Growing on the ground.
1832. T. felleus (BuU.) Karst. (= Boletus felkus (Bull.) Fr.) Rostk.
Bol. t. 43, as Boletus felkus Bull. Fel, gall.
P. 6-10 cm., pak yellowish, chestnut, or tawny, pulvinate, or hemi-
spherical, then expanded, fleshy, smooth. St. 7-8 x 2-3 cm., con-
colorous, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, tomentosely
reticulated. Tubes white, then flesh colour, adnate, convex, long; orifice
of pores white, then pinkish, fairly broad, angular. Flesh white, be-
coming flesh colour, thick, soft. Spores pink, fusiform, or oblong,
12-14 x 3-4-5/Lt, 2-3-guttulate. Taste very Utter. Poisonous. Woods,
especially on calcareous soil. July — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
TYLOPILTJS. PHAEOPORUS. STROBILOMYCES 555
1833. T. alutarius (Fr.) Rea. (= Boletus alutarius Fr.)
Aluta, tanned leather.
P. 7-10 cm,, fuscous tan, pulvinate, or convex, then expanded, soft,
velvety, becoming smooth. St. 6-8 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, bulbous,
somewhat smooth, apex rugose. Tubes white, becoming pinkish, de-
pressed round the st., short, plane; orifice of pores white, becoming
fuscous when bruised, round. Flesh white, unchangeable, soft. Spores
pink. Taste mild. Woodland pastures. Oct. Rare.
Spores purple.
Phaeoporus Bataille (= Boletus p.p.).
($ato9, dusky; 770/309, pore.)
Pileus tomentose, or velvety-silky. Stem central, blackish bistre,
velvety, or glabrous. Tubes grey, or pinkish grey, sinuate, or free,
fairly long; orifice of pores concolorous, becoming greenish blue when
touched. Flesh compact, becoming blue, or grey when exposed to
the air. Spores fuscous purple, elliptic-fusiform, smooth. Growing
on the ground.
1834. P. porphyrosporus (Fr.) Bat. (= Boletus porphyrosporus Fr.)
Boud. Icon. t. 149, as Boletus porphyrosporus Fr.
7rop<j>vpa, purple; <nropd, seed.
P. 5-15 cm., olivaceous, or brownish fuliginous, becoming blackish
when bruised, hemispherical, then convex, fleshy, minutely velvety.
St. 7—12 x 1-5-3 cm., concolorous, attenuated upwards from the
thickened, paler base, velvety. Tubes pale grey or olivaceous, adnate,
fairly long; orifice of pores yellowish, becoming bluish green when
bruised and staining white paper an emerald green colour, broad,
angular. Flesh dirty white, becoming bluish, or fuliginous, compact.
Spores dull, or brownish purple, fusiform, 14-16 x 3-4 /u, 2-4-guttu-
late. Smell strong. Woods and pastures under trees. July — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. fuligineus (Fr.) Bat. (= Boktus fuligineus Fr.) Fuligineus, sooty.
Differs from the type in the villosely silky p. and glabrous st. Under
conifers. Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
Spores blackish, or fuscous. Pileus covered with imbricate scales.
Strobilomyces Berk.
(arpoyStXo?, a fir cone; fjujter)*;, fungus.)
Pileus fleshy, firm, floccose, clothed with large, imbricate scales.
Stem firm, rigid, woolly, or scaly, annulate. Tubes white, then greyish
bistre, adnate, long, orifice of pores concolorous, angular. Flesh floc-
cose, not putrescent, firm, light, becoming reddish, or bluish grey,
and finally blackish on exposure to the air. Spores blackish purple,
subglobose, verrucose. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground.
556 STROBILOMYCES. BOLETINUS. GYRODON
1835. S. strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk. (= Boletus strobilaceus (Scop.) Fr.)
Eostk. Bol. t. 38, as Boletus strobilaceus Scop.
crTp6/3i\os, a fir cone.
P. 5-10 cm., white, becoming brownish or blackish umber, pulvinate,
then convex, broken up into large, thick, fioccose scales ; margin appen-
diculate with the white floccose veil. St. 7-15 x 1-2 cm., concolorous,
equal, apex white, sulcately reticulated, floccosely scaly below the
ring. Ring white, floccose, thick. Tubes white, becoming brownish,
adnate, or with a decurrent tooth, long; orifice of pores white, be-
coming reddish when touched or bruised, broad, angular. Flesh white,
becoming reddish and finally blackish bistre, thick, floccose. Spores
blackish purple, subglobose, verrucose, 9-11 x 8-9 /x. Smell pleasant.
Deciduous and coniferous woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, or olivaceous.
Tubes short, alveolar, decurrent.
Boletinus Kalchbr.
(Boletinus, diminutive of Boletus.)
Pileus dry, fibrillosely scaly. Stem central, hollow, bulbous, woolly.
Ring white, floccose, thick. Pores large, alveolar, compound, re-
ticulately decurrent on the stem. Flesh yellow, unchangeable. Spores
yellow, elliptic-fusiform, smooth. Cystidia present. Growing on the
ground and on mossy trunks.
1836. B. cavipes (Opatowski) Klotzsch. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 31.
Cavus, hollow; pes, foot.
P. 3-8 cm., tawny, or brownish tawny, convex, subumbonate, fibril-
losely scaly, fleshy. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., lemon yellow above the ring,
concolorous below, subequal, or attenuated upwards, thickened at the
base and rooting, incurved, tough, stuffed, then hollow especially at
the base, apex reticulate, rough or fibrillosely scaly. Ring white,
floccose, thick, evanescent. Tubes yellow, or sulphur coloured, becoming
greenish or olivaceous, compound, broad, honey-comb-like, decurrent.
Flesh becoming yellow in the p., white in the st., firm. Spores yellow,
elliptic-fusiform, 10/t. Taste pleasant. Edible. Under larches and on
mossy beech trunks. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
Tubes very short, gyroso-plicate.
Gyrodon Opatowski.
(•yvpos, round; o8(av, a tooth.)
Pileus fleshy, viscid, or villose. Stem central, smooth, or punctate.
Tubes very short, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores sinuous, torn, or
gyroso-plicate. Spores ochraceous, or olivaceous,elliptical,elliptic cylin-
drical, or fusiform, smooth. Growing on the ground, often fasciculate.
GYBODON. BOLETUS 557
1837. G. caespitosus Massee. Caespes, a clump.
P. 2-5-5 cm., olivaceous umber, becoming paler towards the margin,
hemispherical, dry, tomentose; margin pale pink, wavy, acute. St.
4-8 x 2-3 cm., yellow, dingy red at the base, connate, ventricose,
glabrous. Tubes yellow, subadnate, 1 mm. long; orifice of pores yellow,
very irregular, elongate, sinuous. Flesh yellow, instantly changing to
intense blue, then fading to a dirty white, and finally rufous, dingy red
at the base of the St., thick, firm. Spores pale olive, narrowly elliptical,
12 x 4jit. Densely fasciculate. Under trees amongst grass. Aug.
Bare.
1838. G. sistotrema Fr. o-eierro?, shaking; rpr}fj,a, a hole.
P. 6-8 cm., reddish, or brownish olive, convex, then flattened, gla-
brous, or minutely pubescent, thin, dry. St. 5-7 x 1 cm., pale lemon
yellow, becoming reddish, equal, or enlarged below, smooth. Tubes
yellow tawny, or pale sulphur, adnate, very short; orifice of pores
yellow, becoming tawny, sinuous, round, becoming gyroso-plicate. Flesh
cream colour, tawny under the cuticle of the p., firm. Spores "cream-
olive, elliptic cylindrical, 10-14/A long, guttulate " Quel. Taste some-
what sharp. Coniferous woods. Aug. — Oct. Rare.
var. brachyporus (W. G. Sm.) Rea. ftpaxvs, small; jropos, pore.
Differs from the type in the white p., the white st. sulphur coloured
below, and in the flesh changing to pale green.
1839. G. rabellus McWeeney. Rubellus, reddish.
P. 1-1-5 cm., red, with a tinge of purple at the disc, becoming yellowish
towards the margin, convex, even, smooth, dry. St. 1 cm. x 3 mm.,
bright yellow, equal, smooth, even. Tubes pale yellow, 1 mm. long;
orifice of pores bright yellow, linear, elongate, sinuous, dissepiments
thick. Flesh yellow, unchangeable, firm. Spores greenish olive,
cylindric fusiform, with a minute basal apiculus, 10 x 4/z. Amongst
moss. Oct. Rare.
Tubes long.
Boletus (Dill.) Pat.
(/3<wAo9, a clod.)
Pileus fleshy, dry, glabrous, tomentose, silky, viscid, or glutinous.
Stem central, equal, ventricose, or bulbous ; dry, glabrous, tomentose,
or viscid, sometimes reticulate; with or without a ring. Tubes long,
adnate, sinuato-adnate, or decurrent, rarely free; orifice of pores
round, angular, unequal, or toothed, often compound. Flesh thick,
soft, putrescent. Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, olivaceous, or
fuscous, rarely colourless, fusiform, oblong-elliptic, elliptical, or pip-
shaped, smooth. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground, solitary,
gregarious, caespitose, or subcaespitose.
558 BOLETUS
I. Pores angular, or large, rarely round, often unequal, or toothed;
tubes often compound, sometimes connate, long or rather short,
more or less adnate, sometimes decurrent, rarely slightly sinuate.
P. dry, glabrous, tomentose, silky or glutinous. St. often slightly
thick, sometimes furnished with a ring, rarely reticulate at the
apex. Plants of medium, or small size, rarely large.
A. P. glutinous, or viscid, at least in wet weather, never pruinosely
granular. Pores, tubes, and flesh of various colours.
1. St. annulate.
*Pores yellow; spores yellow olivaceous.
1840. B. sphaerocephalus Barla. Barla, Champ. Nice, t. 36.
<r<f>alpa, a ball; K^a\rj, head.
P. 10-20 cm., ochraceous yellow, deeper coloured at the centre, and
sometimes tinged with brown, globose, viscid; margin light yellow, ap-
pendiculate with fragments of the ring. St. 4-6 x 3-4 cm., tawny
yellow, becoming darker, furrowed. Ring yellowish, membranaceous,
shaggy, usually fugacious. Tubes bright yellow, becoming tawny or
brownish with age, short, decurrent; orifice of pores round, or
angular. Flesh light yellow, bluish under the cuticle, very thick,
soft, watery. Spores olivaceous, fusiform, 8-10 x 3-4/z, 2-guttulate.
On the ground, and on rotten sawdust. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
1841. B. luteus (Linn.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 78, no. 174.
Luteus, yellow.
P. 4-14 cm., fuscous with the dark separating gluten, becoming paler,
convex, gibbous, then pulvinate. St. 5-10 x 2-3 cm., whitish, be-
coming fuscous below the ring, apex light yellow and granular, equal,
firm. Ring cream colour, becoming fuscous, membranaceous, large.
Tubes yellow, adnate; orifice of pores yellow, round. Flesh whitish,
or yellowish, thick, soft. Spores yellowish brown, elliptic-fusiform,
8-10 x 3-3-5/>i, 1-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous
woods, and under conifers. June — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1842. B. elegans (Schum.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. 1. 183, as Boletus
luteus. Elegans, nice.
P. 4-10 cm., golden, or inclining to ferruginous, convexo-plane,
viscid. St. 5-7 x 1-5-2 cm., golden, then rufescent, firm, unequal, apex
reticulate with granules. Ring cream colour, often torn and fugacious.
Tubes golden-sulphur-yellow, decurrent; orifice of pores angular. Flesh
light yellowish, soft. Spores yellowish, oblong elliptic, 8-9 x 3-3-5^,,
2-4-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods, and under
conifers. May — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
BOLETUS 559
var. flavus (With.) Eea. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 132, as Boletus flavus
With. Flavus, light yellow.
Differs from the type in the adnate tubes, the larger orifice of the
greyish yellow pores, and the paler flesh which is rosy when broken.
Coniferous woods. Aug. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. pulchellus (Fr.) Rea. Fr. Icon. t. 178, fig. 1, as Boletus pulchellus
Fr. Pulchellus, beautiful little.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, 3-4 cm. broad, its short,
smooth, yellow St., its less viscid, greenish yellow p., its narrow, linear
ring and its rosy flesh. Coniferous woods. July — Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
1843. B. flavidus Fr. Krombh. t. 4, figs. 35-37.
Flavidus, light yellow.
P. 2-5 cm., livid light yellowish, campanulate, umbonate, then plane
and gibbous, viscid, radiately wrinkled. St. 5-7-5 x 4-6 mm., whitish
tinged with yellow, subequal, tough, mealy, sometimes striate, apex
sprinkled with fugacious glandules; base white, cottony. Ring gela-
tinous, greenish white, thin, narrow; margin floccose, viscid. Tubes
dirty light yellow, decurrent ; orifice of pores large, angular, compound.
Flesh yellowish, reddish on exposure to the air, thin, firm. Spores
"subhyaline, elongato-ellipsoid, straight, 8-10 x 3-5-4 /z" Karst.
Taste pleasant. Pine woods. July — Oct. Uncommon.
**Pores white, grey, or green. Spores brownish.
1844. B. viscidus (Linn.) Fr. (= Boletus laricinus Berk. sec. Quel.)
Fr. Icon. t. 178, fig. 3. Viscidus, viscid.
P. 5-10 cm., dirty white with livid stains, or dingy yellowish, cam-
panulato-convex, pulvinate, viscid, floccose, rugose. St. 5-9 x 1-
1-5 cm., white, becoming yellow or greyish, equal, or thickened at the
base, viscid, floccose, apex reticulate. Ring white, membranaceous,
large, thin, often torn. Tubes white, then greyish or tinged greenish,
adnate, subdecurrent ; orifice of pores large, unequal, compound,
often toothed. Flesh white, watery, soft. Spores brownish, oblong
elliptical, 11-13 x 4-5/n, multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible.
Woods, especially under larches. May — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2. St. exannulate.
*Pores yellowish, yellow, golden, or orange; spores yellow.
P. never white.
1845. B. collinitus Fr. Lucand, Champ, t. 240.
Collinitus, besmeared.
P. 5—6 cm., chestnut, becoming pale when the fuscous gluten separates,
and veined with brown, convex, pulvinate. St. 5-7-5 x 1-5-2-5 cm.,
560 BOLETUS
white, becoming fuscous, firm, attenuated downwards, somewhat re-
ticulated with adpressed squamules. Tubes pallid, then yellow, adnate,
elongated; orifice of pores divided into two, rather large. Flesh white,
brownish under the adnate cuticle of the p., firm. Spores "8-10 x 4ju,"
Guill. Taste pleasant. Edible. Pine woods. Nov. Bare.
1846. B. granulatus (Linn.) Fr. Eolland, Champ, t. 78, no. 175.
Granulatus, granulated.
P. 4-8 cm., fuscous ferruginous, becoming yellowish when the gluten
disappears, convexo-expanded, smooth. St. 5-8 x 1-2 cm., light
yellowish, subequal, often attenuated upwards, dotted with granules
upwards', base white, cottony. Tubes sulphur yellow, adnate, short;
orifice of pores at first dripping with white milk, granulated when the
milk dries, simple, subcircular. Flesh light yellowish under the separable
pellicle of the p., soft. Spores yellow ferruginous, oblong elliptical,
8-10 x 3-4/z, 2-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Gregarious. Coni-
ferous woods, and under pines. May — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1847. B. tenuipes (Cke.) Massee. Tennis, thin; pes, foot.
P. 2-5—5 cm., yellowish brown, or gilvous, convex, then almost plane,
viscid, streaked with minute fibrils when dry. St. 5-8 cm. x 6-8 mm.,
yellow, attenuated at the base, smooth. Tubes yellowish, adnate, short-
ened round the st., about 6 mm. long; orifice of pores rather large,
angular. Flesh white, rosy under the cuticle of the p., thick. Spores pale
yellow, fusiform, 10 x 3/i. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and heaths.
July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1848. B. badius Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 5. Badius, bay-brown.
P. 3-15 cm., bay-brown-tawny, hemispherical, pulvinate, viscid,
then pubescent, often shining when dry. St. 6-10 x 2-3 cm., paler,
subequal, sometimes attenuated upwards, sometimes downwards,
brown pruinate. Tubes cream, or citron yellow, turning immediately
bluish green when touched, adnate, or sinuato-depressed, long; orifice
of pores angular, rather large. Flesh yellowish, becoming azure blue,
then somewhat brownish, thick, soft. Spores light yellow, oblong fusi-
form, 13-15 x 4-5-6jLt, 1-multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible.
Woods, especially coniferous woods. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1849. B. paludosus Massee. Paludosus, marshy.
P. 7-5-10 cm., bright rufous brown, paler when dry, slightly convex,
then quite plane, slightly viscid, smooth. St. 7-5-12-5 x 1-1-5 cm.,
rather paler than the p., equal, smooth, base attenuated. Tubes yellow,
then olive green, adnate, or subdecurrent, short, about 4mm. long;
orifice of pores large, angular, compound. Flesh with a very pale tinge
of brown, firm, thin. Spores olive, elongato-fusiform, 16 x 4/x. Gre-
garious. Bogs, amongst Sphagnum. Sept. Rare.
BOLETUS 561
1850. B. rutilus Fr. Rutilus, red, inclining to golden yellow.
P. 5-7-5 cm., rufescent brick colour, pulvinate, viscid, smooth. St.
4 cm. x 6-8 mm., sulphur above, red below, equal, smooth, firm. Tubes
sulphur yellow, opaque, adnate, sinuato-depressed; orifice of pores
minute, regular. Flesh of st. somewhat ochraceous, almost becoming
black when broken. Smell strong. Oak woods. Oct. Eare.
1851. B. aurantiporus Howse. Aurantius, orange; 77-0/309, pore.
P. 5-6 cm., fulvous ferruginous, then pale gilvous, convex, then ex-
panded, adpressedly squamulose, viscid. St. 4-7-5 x 1-1-5 cm., yellow,
equal, beautifully reticulated with yellow and red. Tubes golden yellow,
then orange, turning red when bruised, deeply decurrent; orifice of
pores broad, angular. Flesh yellowish, often tinged reddish, thin at the
margin, firm. Spores yellow, oblong elliptical, or subfusiform, 9-10 x
4-5/x, 1-4-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Coniferous woods,
and under yew trees. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**Pores becoming olive, bistre olive, brown olive, or olive rust or rust
colour; tubes short; spores concolorous. P. sometimes white.
1852. B. bovinus (Linn.) Fr. Krombh. t. 75, figs. 1-6.
Bovinus, pertaining to oxen.
P. 5-10 cm., pale reddish yellow, dull orange yellow, or deep buff,
hemispherical, then convex, smooth, viscid; margin white, often
tomentose. St. 5-10 x 1 cm., concolorous, or paler, equal, smooth,
base whitish. Tubes grey light yellow, becoming ferruginous, subde-
current, at first very shallow like those of Merulius lacrymans, then
elongating with age; orifice of pores compound, toothed. Flesh yellow-
ish-flesh colour, reddish in the st., soft. Spores yellow, or olivaceous,
oblong fusiform, 8-10 x 3-3-5 ju., 1-multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant.
Edible. Gregarious, or subcaespitose. Woods and heaths, especially
near pines. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1853. B. piperatus (Bull.) Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 6, Piperatus, peppery.
P. 2—10 cm., cinnamon, or yellow to pale yellowish, convexo-plane,
smooth, slightly viscid. St. 4-12 x -5-1-5 cm., concolorous, fragile,
equal, or attenuated at the base, containing yellow milk at the base,
and springing from a yellow mycelium. Tubes ferruginous, decurrent;
orifice of pores large, angular, often toothed. Flesh sulphur yellow,
tinged reddish in the p., soft. Spores brownish, oblong elliptic, &-10 x
3-4 p,, 1-3-guttulate. Taste very acrid, or peppery. Woods, and heaths.
Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
B. P. dry, rarely moist when wet, tomentose, silky, pruinose, powdery,
or granular, sometimes squamulose. Pores yellowish, or yellow,
rarely slightly olivaceous or red. Flesh yellow, rarely cream, or
white. Spores yellow, rarely tawny bistre.
562 BOLETUS
1854. B. variegatus (Swartz) Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 16.
Variegatus, variegated.
P. 6-12-5 cm., dark yellow, or ochraceous, sprinkled tvith fasciculate-
hairy, superficial, brown squamules, convex, then plane, obtuse,
slightly moist; margin acute, at first flocculose. St. 5-8 x 1-2-5 cm.,
dark yellow, or straw colour, sometimes reddish, firm, equal, base white.
Tubes brown, or yellow olive, then cinnamon, adnate; orifice of pores
round. Flesh yellow becoming here and there azure blue. Spores green-
ish ochre, oblong elliptic, 9-10 x 3-4/z,. Smell unpleasant, "of
chlorine" Quel. Coniferous woods, heaths, and moorlands. July —
Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1855. B. sulphureus Fr. Quel. As. fr. (1887), t. 9.
Sulphur eus, sulphur-yellow.
P. 5-10 cm., sulphur yellow, compact, convex, then plane, silky-
tomentose with innate flocci. St. 4—10 x 1-5 cm., sulphur yellow, at
length becoming dingy ferruginous, firm, ventricose, smooth, springing
from a golden, woolly mycelium. Tubes sulphur yellow, becoming spotted
ferruginous, and at length becoming green, adnate, short, 2-4 mm. long ;
orifice of pores minute, compound. Flesh yellow, becoming greenish,
or azure blue when broken, but golden when exposed to the air, here and
there reddish under the tubes, firm. Spores light yellow, elliptical,
6-7 x 3/it, 1-guttulate. Caespitose. Pine sawdust, and twigs. Sept. —
Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1856. B. chrysenteron (Bull.) Fr. Eolland, Champ, t. 80, no. 180.
%pucro<?, gold; evrepov, intestine.
P. 3-10 cm., fuscous, or somewhat brick colour, convexo-plane, soft,
minutely tomentose, often cracked into patches with the interstices red.
St. 5-8 cm. x 6-12 mm., scarlet, or light yellow, subequal, or attenuated
at the base, rigid, fibroso-striate. Tubes sulphur yellow, then greenish
yellow, subadnate, or depressed round the st. ; orifice of pores rather
large, angular, compound. Flesh yellow, scarcely turning blue, red be-
neath the cuticle of the p., soft. Spores deep ochraceous, fusiform, or
oblong elliptic, 13-14 x 4-5/>t, 1-4-guttulate. Taste mild. Edible.
Woods, heaths, and pastures. May — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. nanus Massee. vdvvos, a dwarf.
Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the flesh becoming red
when cut and in the elongated, narrow, sinuous, or gyrose orifice of the
pores. Parks, gardens, and pastures. Aug. — Sept. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
1857. B. sanguineus (With.) Quel. non Fr. Sanguineus, blood red.
P. 2-7 cm., blood red, or brightish crimson, disc becoming brownish,
hemispherical, convex, then plane, firm, opaque, dry, rough under a
BOLETUS 563
lens; margin almost even. St. 2-5-6-5 x 1-2 cm., yellowish, streaked
or blotched with dilute crimson, or brownish, slightly bulbous at the
base, and with traces of long reticulations at the apex. Tubes golden
yellow, or dullish yellow, becoming bluish or greenish when bruised,
and finally orange, adnate, or slightly depressed round the st.,
4-7 mm. long ; orifice of pores angular, medium in size. Flesh yellow,
then rosy, "becoming bluish when cut or broken" Perceval, soft. Spores
"15-18/A, guttulate" Quel. Taste somewhat acid. Woods, and pas-
tures. July— Sept. Rare.
1858. B. subtomentosus (Linn.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 80, no. 181.
Sub, somewhat; tomentosus, downy.
P. 3-10 cm., more or less deep brownish olivaceous, convex, then
pulvinato-expanded, soft, dry, villoso-tomentose, sometimes cracked
into patches with the interstices yellow. St. 5-12 x 1-2 cm.,
yellowish, usually streaked with red, attenuated downwards, sulcately
ribbed, the taivny ribs sometimes anastomosing, rough with dots under
a lens. Tubes golden sulphur yellow, adnate; orifice of pores large,
angular. Flesh white, or yellowish, rust colour under the cuticle of the p.,
soft. Spores pale yellow, oblong elliptical, 12-14 x 5/u,. Taste mild.
Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. July — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. radicans (Krombh.) Massee. Krombh. t. 48, figs. 1-6.
Radicans, rooting.
Differs from the type in the usually undulated, bright yellowish olive
green p., the st. whitish below, yellow and strongly grooved above and the
tubes greenish-olive at maturity. Woods.
var. striaepes (Seer.) Quel. Stria, a line ; pes, foot.
Differs from the type in the bistre olive, silky p., and the yellow stem
with thin bistre ribs, brownish red at the base. Woods. Oct. Rare.
var. marginalis Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 142 Marginalis, bordered.
Differs from the type in being more slender, in the fuliginous p. being
bordered with a pale, tomentose zone at the margin, in the longer almost
smooth st., and in the narrower pores. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1859. B. cruentus Vent. Venturi, t. 43, figs. 3 and 4.
Cruentus, bloody.
P. 7-10 cm., olivaceous with a reddish tinge, becoming instantly red
where bruised, convex, then plane, soft, minutely tomentose. St. 5—
8 x 2-5-4 cm., yellow with reddish markings, gradually attenuated up-
wards from the incrassated, rooting base, minutely fiocculose. Tubes
pale yellowish olive, sinuato-free, long; orifice of pores yellowish,
minute, subangular. Flesh yellow, becoming red when cut, thick, firm.
Spores "pale olive, elliptic-fusiform, 14-16 x 5 /A" Massee, 1-guttu-
late. Smell strong. Under beeches. Aug.
36—2
564 BOLETUS
1860. B. spadiceus (Schaeff.) Fr. Krombh. t. 36, figs. 19, 20, as
Boletus tomentosus Krombh. Spadiceus, date brown.
P. 5-10 cm., date brown, opaque, convex, then pulvinato-expanded,
dry, tomentose, then widely cracked. St. 5-8 x 1-5-2-5 cm., yellow,
becoming fuscous, fiocculoso-furfuraceous, firm, with anastomosing, thin,
tawny ribs. Tubes golden sulphur yellow, adnate ; orifice of pores wide,
round, toothed. Flesh white, yellowish in the St., and fuscous reddish
under the cuticle of the p. Spores yellow, "10-12/A, 2-4-guttulate "
Quel. Woods. July — Nov. Uncommon.
1861. B. Rostkovii Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 18, as Boletus lividus Bull.
Dr Friedrich Wilhelm Theophilus Rostkovius.
P. 7-5-10 cm., dingy olive brown, or rufous, convex, or almost plane,
very minutely tomentose, often areolately cracked, interstices pale.
St. 2-5-5 x 2-5 cm., pale reddish yellow, obconic, tapering almost to a
point at the base. Tubes pale yellow green, adnate, about 12 mm.
long; orifice of pores irregularly angular, compound. Flesh white,
becoming tinged red when cut, with here and there a shade of blue.
Spores "pale olive, elongato-fusoid, 20 x 5/n" Massee, 2-guttulate.
Under beeches. Aug. Rare.
1862. B. radicans (Pers.) Fr. Radicans, rooting.
P. 6-8 cm., olivaceous cinereous, then pale yellowish, convex, pul-
vinate, dry, subtomentose ; margin thin, incurved. St. 7-10 x 1-5-
2-5 cm., light yellow, attenuato-rooted, fiocculose with reddish pruina,
naked and dark when touched, firm. Tubes lemon yellow, becoming
greenish or bluish when touched, adnate; orifice of tubes unequal, large,
angular. Flesh pale lemon yellow, becoming immediately deep blue on
exposure to the air, soft, watery. Spores yellow, oblong fusiform,
13-14 x 4-5/u, 1-2-guttulate. Taste bitter. Woods, and hedgerows.
July — Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
1863. B. rubinus W. G. Sm. W. G-. Sm. in Journ. Bot. (1868), t. 75,
figs. 1-4. Rubinus, ruby coloured.
P. 4-8 cm., yellow fuscous, pulvinato-gibbous, then plane, dry, sub-
tomentose, slightly cracked. St. 5-7-5 x 2 cm., yellow, smeared with
crimson, equal, or attenuated downwards. Tubes wholly carmine, sub-
decurrent, short at first; orifice of pores medium size, compound.
Flesh yellow, becoming whitish when dry in the p. Spores pale, oval,
6 x 4-5/M. Woods, roadsides, and under oaks. Aug. — Sept. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1864. B. versicolor Rostk. Boud. Icon. t. 143.
Versicolor, of various colours.
P. 2-7 cm., blood red, or deep rose-pink, becoming tawny at the disc,
or all over with age, convex, then plane, minutely tomentose, rarely
BOLETUS 565
cracked. St. 4-8 cm. x 6-12 mm., yellow, rose-red in the middle and
at the base, becoming blue when rubbed, equal, often attenuated at the
base, slightly viscid in wet weather, minutely granular, or pruinose.
Tubes yellow, becoming blue when touched, adnate, decurrent by a
tooth; orifice of pores fairly large, angular. Flesh yellow, reddish at
the base of the st., turning blue when cut especially near the tubes, soft.
Spores yellow, or olivaceous, oblong fusiform, 9-10 x 4-5 p,, 1-2-
guttulate. Woods, pastures, and roadsides. Aug. — Oct. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
1865. B. parasiticus (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 145.
Parasiticus, parasitic.
P. 2—8 cm., dingy yellow, or tawny, and more or less brown, convex,
then plane, minutely tomentose, dry, often cracked in a tessellated
manner. St. 3-7 x 1—2 cm., yellow, or paler than the p., equal, at-
tenuated at the base, rigid, incurved, slightly fibrillose, apex mealy.
Tubes yellow, then vinous, decurrent, short ; orifice of pores compound,
of medium size, round or angular. Flesh yellow, often becoming reddish
in the st., firm. Spores deep olivaceous, fusiform, 12-15 x 4-5/u., 1-
guttulate. Parasitic on Scleroderma aurantium and S. verrucosum.
Woods, and heaths. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1866. B. pruinatus Fr. Pruinatus, covered with hoar-frost.
P. 5-6 cm., purplish bay brown, covered with a whitish, or greyish
bloom, convex, then plane, rigid, dry. St. 5—10 x -5—1 '5 cm., variegated
yellow and reddish, equal, or ventricose, firm, smooth. Tubes light
yellow, adnate; orifice of pores small, slightly angular. Flesh yellow,
red under the cuticle of the p., turning bluish and reddish, firm. Spores
olivaceous, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 4jn, 1-guttulate. Amongst grass in
woods, and parks. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1867. B. pusio Howse, ex B. & Br. Pusio, a little boy.
P. reddish buff, hemispherical, pulvinate, pulverulent. St. dull
yellowish white, white above, becoming blackish, slightly thickened down-
wards, plicate, pulverulent. Tubes dull sulphur white.
1868. B. purpurascens Rostk. Rostk. Bol. t. 8.
Purpurascens, becoming purple.
P. 6-16 cm., bay purple, convex, then plane, smooth, dry. St. 3-
5 x 1-5-2 cm., deep purple red, firm, attenuated downwards to the
rooting base, smooth. Tubes dingy yellow, adnate, 12-15 mm. long,
becoming greenish when touched; orifice of pores small. Flesh dirty
whitish with darker streaks, reddish under the cuticle of the p., thick,
compact. Spores brownish grey, subfusiform, 10 x 5/z. Woods,
especially pine. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
566 BOLETUS
II. Pores small, round, equal; tubes free, or sinuate, sometimes adnate,
long, connate. P. dry, smooth, or tomentose, rarely viscid or moist
in wet weather. St. thick, smooth, tomentose, or floccose, often
ribbed or reticulate. Spores yellow, ochraceous, or olivaceous, rarely
brown, or white, elliptic fusiform. Generally large in size and thick.
A. St. fibrillosely fleshy, generally firm, thick, ovoid at first; either
covered with a network of white, straw-coloured, yellow, or red veins,
or minutely punctate, or granular, rarely smooth. Pores small, round,
white, or coloured; tubes concolorous, free, or sinuate, rarely
adnate. Flesh generally firm, white, or coloured, changing colour
or not, but never becoming black. Generally large in size.
fFlesh white, or yellow, unchangeable, sometimes reddish or vinous
rosy under the cuticle, tasty, often fragrant. Pores white, cream,
or yellow, sometimes becoming greenish with age, never becoming
blue or green when touched. St. with a white, straw-coloured, or
brownish cream network, sometimes smooth, rarely floccose, or
reddish.
1869. B. regius Krombh. Krombh. t. 7. Regius, royal.
P. 7—12-5 cm., bright rose-pink, reddish purple, or olivaceous, convex,
pulvinate, dry, smooth, or minutely tomentose. St. 5-9 x 3-5 cm.,
pale yellow, becoming purplish at the base, reticulate. Tubes golden
yellow, almost free, short; orifice of pores small, subangular. Flesh
pale yellow, very thick. Spores "pale yellow, elongate fusiform,
16 x 5fj," Massee. Taste pleasant. Edible. Gregarious. Woods, and
open places. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon.
1870. B. edulis (Bull.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 81, no. 182.
Edulis, eatable.
P. 10-20 cm., bay, brown, fuliginous, or bistre, rarely ivhite, the margin
often white, convex, pulvinate, smooth, often rugose, somewhat viscid
in wet weather. St. 10-15 x 3-6 cm., pallid fuscous, delicately reticu-
lated, equal, or attenuated upwards from the bulbous base. Tubes
white, then yellow, and finally greenish, somewhat free, long; orifice of
pores small, round. Flesh white, often faintly tinged reddish under the
cuticle of the p., compact, then softer, thick. Spores yellow, fusiform,
13-16 x 4-4-5/z, 1-3-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible.
Woods, especially beech. June — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. laevipes Massee. Laevis, smooth; pes, foot.
Differs from the type in the absence of reticulations on the perfectly
even, white, or faint buff st. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Common, (v.v.)
var. bulbosus (Bull.) Big. & Guill. (= Boletus crassus Massee.)
Bulbosus, bulbous.
Differs from the type in the bulbous st. often exceeding, or equalling
in width the diameter of the p., in the flesh becoming pale primrose yellow,
BOLETUS 567
in the smaller spores, and in the strong acid smell. This variety is a
condition of the type brought about by the attack of a parasitic
Hypomyces. Woods. July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1871. B. pinicola (Vitt.) Eea. (= ? Boletus fusco-ruber Quel.) Trans.
Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 6. Pinus, pine ; colo, I inhabit.
P. 9-20 cm., rich chestnut colour, bordered by a narrow white line at
the margin, convex, slightly viscid when moist, then dry andfioccose.
St. 9-15 x 4-5 cm., concolorous, subbulbous, rugose, slightly reticu-
late. Tubes greenish, adnate, 15-20 mm. long, ventricose; orifice of
pores round, or angular, 1 mm. broad. Flesh white, reddish under the
cuticle of the p., thick. Spores olivaceous, fusiform, 15-18 x 4-5/i,
1-3-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods.
Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1872. B. reticulatus (Schaeff.) Boud. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 5.
Reticulatus, netted.
P. 8-15 cm., ochraceous yellow, or greyish fawn, convex, finely tomen-
tose, often cracked in dry weather. St. 6-9 x 4-6 cm., concolorous, or
paler, slightly constricted at the base, reticulated to the base. Tubes
greenish yellow, free, or almost free, fairly long; orifice of pores round,
small, 1 mm. across. Flesh white, slightly coloured under the cuticle of
the p. and at the base of the tubes, firm, thick. Spores olivaceous, oblong
fusiform, 13-18 x 4-5/i, 1-3-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant.
Edible. Deciduous woods. May — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1873. B. aestivalis (Paul.) Fr. Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. n, t. 25.
Aestivalis, pertaining to summer.
P. 10-20 cm., whitish, bistre cream, or reddish, convex, pulvinate,
somewhat repand, smooth, then granular in dry weather. St. 8-11 x
5—6 cm., light yellow, ovoid, bulbous, smooth, or minutely reticulate.
Tubes yellow, or greyish, somewhat free, long; orifice of pores small,
round, equal. Flesh yellow, white above, reddish at the base of the St.,
thick. Spores yellow, oblong fusiform, or oblong elliptical, 12-14 x
4-5ft, 1-2-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and
heaths. June — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1874. B. aereus (Bull.) Fr. Krombh. t. 36, figs. 1-7.
Aereus, made of copper.
P. 6-9 cm., olivaceous fuscous, somewhat blackish, hemispherical,
then convex, pulvinate, minutely pubescent, or villose. St. 7-9 x
2'5— 3-5 cm., yellowish, becoming fuscous downwards, beautifully re-
ticulate. Tubes white, then sulphur yellow, somewhat free; orifice of
pores minute, round, or angular. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle
of the p. and st., and reddish purple when the surface of the p. has been
eaten by slugs, firm, compact. Spores yellow, oblong elliptical, or
568 BOLETUS
oblong fusiform, 12-15 x 4/u,, 2-3-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant.
Edible. Woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1875. B. carnosus Rostk. Rostk. Bol. t. 14. Carnosus, fleshy.
P. 10-12 cm., fuscous, or bay brown, pulvinate, convex, glabrous.
St. 6-7 x 2-3 cm., yellow, streaked with reddish brown, subequal, firm,
substriate. Tubes dark yellow, sinuato-adnate, long; orifice of pores
dark yellow, large, angular. Flesh pallid, dirty yellowish. Woods.
Sept.— Oct. Rare.
1876. B. vaccinus Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 51.
Vacci nus, pertaining to a cow.
P. 5-10 cm., chestnut, convex, then expanded, minutely tomentose,
margin obtuse. St. 5-8 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, or paler than the p.,
bulbous, or attenuated downwards, smooth; base becoming tawny,
lacunose. Tubes white, then light yellow, free ; orifice of pores round or
subangular, small. Flesh whitish, reddish under the cuticle of the p.,
firm. Spores yellow, oblong fusiform, 12—14 x 4— 5/ii. Taste mild.
Edible. Subcaespitose. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1877. B. impolitus Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 42.
Impolitus, unpolished.
P. 8-20 cm., pale yellow brown, or tawny brown, convex, then more
or less expanded, flocculose, at length granuloso-rivulose, sometimes
cracking into areolae. St. 6-9 x 3-5 cm., yellow, often tinged with
brownish red when full grown and forming a ring-like zone at the apex,
equal, or subbulbous, pubescent. Tubes pale lemon yellow, then tinged
with olivaceous green, free, or slightly adnate, depressed near the st. ;
orifice of pores small, round. Flesh whitish yellow, pale yellow under
the cuticle of the p., thick. Spores olivaceous, oblong-fusiform, 16-17 x
5-6/A. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. June— Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1878. B. candicans Fr. Candicans, shining- white.
P. 8-12 cm., whitish, or pale tan colour, convex, then expanded,
subtomentose, becoming smooth. St. 8-10 x 3-4-5 cm., concolorous,
delicately reticulated, ventricose, or bulbous. Tubes lemon yellow, ad-
nate, or sinuate, long; orifice of pores white, then lemon yellow,
roundish. Flesh white, becoming blue when broken, and then whitish,
thick. Spores dark olivaceous, oblong-fusiform, blunt at the one end,
13-14 x 4/i, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Woods, and under trees. June
— Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1879. B. fragrans Vitt. Fragrans, scented.
P. 6-9 cm.., fuscous umber, pulvinate, repand, subtomentose; margin
incurved. St. 7-9 x 3-4 cm., variegated yellowish and red, stout, ven-
tricose, often fusiform at the base and ovato-bulbous, even. Tubes
BOLETUS 569
yellow, sinuato-free, fairly long; orifice of pores yellow, round. Flesh
yellow, either unchangeable, or becoming greenish, at length becoming
reddish, especially at the base of the st. and under the cuticle. Spores
dark olivaceous, oblong-fusiform, 10-11 x 4-5 /JL, 2-3-guttulate. Taste
mild, smell pleasant. Edible. Woods, and under oaks. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
1880. B. rubiginosus Fr. Rubiginosus, rusty.
P. 5-12-5 cm., reddish brown, pulvinate, or convex, soft, pubescent,
soon becoming very glabrous, dry; margin acutely incurved, then
patent. St. 5-8 x 2-5-3 cm., whitish, then yellowish, becoming slightly
greyish or yellowish olive when bruised, attenuated upwards, gla-
brous, very distinctly reticulated. Tubes white, adnate, short; orifice of
pores white, angular, unequal. Flesh white, unchangeable, thick,
spongy. Spores "colourless, elongato-fusiform, 12 x 4/z" Massee.
Beech woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
ffFlesh generally yellow, changing colour on exposure to the air, often
immediately turning bluish, or greenish, sometimes poisonous, or
bitter. Pores more or less yellowish, yellow, orange, or red, im-
mediately tinged blue, green or black when touched. St. reticulately
veined, or punctate, rarely smooth, generally red, at least in part.
*Pores at first cream, lemon yellow, or yellow, rarely finally becoming
reddish. St. reticulate with white, or yellow veins, sometimes flesh
colour or punctate on the veins. Flesh often bitter.
1881. B. appendiculatus (Schaefi.) Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 26, as Boletus
radicans Pers. Appendiculatus, with a small appendage.
P. 5-15 cm., brown, bright bay, or fuscous brick colour, convex,
pulvinate, then expanded, subtomentose. St. 6-9 x 2-5 cm., sulphur
yellow, ventricose, rooting, apex minutely reticulate with white veins,
often tinged rosy towards the base. Tubes sulphur yellow, becoming
greenish when touched, adnate; orifice of pores round, small. Flesh
yellow, becoming blue on exposure to the air, tinged with rose at the base
of the st., compact, firm. Spores light yellow, oblong elliptic, 9-11 »x
4jit, 1-3-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Aug. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1882. B. variecolor B. & Br. B. & Br. no. 1020, t. 13, fig. 3.
Variecolor, with diverse colours.
P. 4-6 cm., olivaceous, convex, subtomentose; margin involute. St.
5-8 x 2 cm., yellowish downwards, rufescent and delicately pubescent
upwards, bulbous, attenuated upwards, apex reticulated. Tubes
yellow, free ; orifice of pores minute. Flesh pale, here and there inclining
to yellow and partially marbled, dark purple under the cuticle of the p.
570 BOLETUS
Spores pale olive, elliptic fusiform, slightly oblique, 10 x 4jn. Woods.
Aug. — Sept. Uncommon.
1883. B. calopus Fr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xxxiv (1918), t. 2.
tca\6$, beautiful; Troy?, foot
P. 6-15 cm., olivaceous, globose, then convex, pulvinate, sub-
tomentose. St. 7-10 x 2—3 cm., scarlet throughout, or at the apex, apex
often yellow, conical, then subequal, reticulated with white, or flesh
coloured veins. Tubes yellow, becoming bright green, adnate', orifice of
pores minute, angular, becoming spotted with greenish blue. Flesh
yellow, becoming blue on exposure to the air, compact. Spores oliva-
ceous, 10-14 x 4//,, 1-3-guttulate. Said to be poisonous. Woods,
especially coniferous woods. July — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1884. B. olivaceus (Schaeff.) Fr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xxxiv (1918),
t. 1. Olivaceus, olivaceous in colour.
P. 3-8 cm., olivaceous fuscous, convex, pruinose, becoming smooth;
margin at first inflexed. St. 5-8 x 2-3 cm., red, or pale citron yellow,
yellowish at the apex and reticulate with white veins, punctate with rose
red at the base, firm, clavate, bulbous, or fusiform. Tubes light yellow,
then olivaceous, adnate ; orifice of pores minute, round, unequal. Flesh
cream colour, becoming blue on exposure to the air, firm. Spores ellip-
tical, "17/u, long, 2-5-guttulate " Quel. Woods, especially beech.
Aug. — Sept. Uncommon.
1885. B. pachypus Fr. 7ra%u9, thick; 7701/9, foot.
P. 10-20 cm., fuscous, then pallid tan, convex, pulvinate, sub-
tomentose; margin at first incurved, exceeding the tubes. St. 5-12-5 x
3-5 cm., variegated light yellow and red, often wholly intensely blood red,
often with a rosy purple zone at the apex of the st., firm, ovato-bulbous,
then elongated, equal, reticulated with white veins. Tubes light yellow,
then somewhat green, free, somewhat elongated, shortened round the st. ;
orifice of pores round, becoming spotted with green, or blue. Flesh
yellow, then azure blue when exposed to the air, becoming reddish at the
base of the st., compact, thick. Spores olivaceous, oblong elliptic,
9-12 x 4jLt. Said to be poisonous. Woods, especially pine. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1886. B. albidus (Roques) Quel. Roques, Champ, com. et ven. t. 8,
fig. 2. Albidus, whitish.
P. 6-9 cm., whitish, with a slight greenish tinge, convex, subtomen-
tose. St. 6-7 x 3-4 cm., pale citron yellow, ventricose, finely reticu-
lated with veins, which become brownish on handling. Tubes pale
citron yellow, adnate; orifice of pores round, small. Flesh cream
colour, or pale citron, becoming blue when cut or broken. Spores deep
ochre, boat-shaped, 10-11 x 4-5 /A, 1-2-guttulate. Woods, and pas-
tures. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
BOLETUS 571
**Pores at first red, or orange, rarely yellow. St. reticulated with red
veins, often punctate with red, rarely white, or yellow.
1887. B. satanas Lenz. (= Boletus tuberosus (Bull.) Quel.) Krombh.
Icon. t. 38, figs. 1-6, as Boletus sanguineus Pers.
Sarams, the Devil.
P. 9-20 cm., at first more or less tinged with red, then becoming
brownish, and finally whitish, globose, then convex, pulvinate, some-
what viscid, smooth. St. 7-10 x 5-6 cm., dingy yellow, reticulated with
blood red veins, ovato-ventricose. Tubes yellow, free; orifice of pores
yellow, then rubiginous, and finally orange, round, minute. Flesh
white, then cream colour, becoming bluish or greenish on exposure to
the air, reddish in the st., thick, firm. Spores olivaceous, oblong
elliptic, 11-13 x 4-5 /u,, 2-3-guttulate. Taste mild. Woods, and heaths.
July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1888. B. luridus (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 85, no. 189.
Luridus, lurid in colour.
P. 5-20 cm., umber olivaceous, or fuliginous, hemispherical, convex,
then plane, tomentose. St. 5-15 x 3-6 cm., yellow, reticulated with
blood red veins, equal, or incrassated at the base. Tubes yellow, at
length becoming green, free ; orifice of pores at first vermilion, then
orange, round, small. Flesh yellow, becoming immediately deep indigo
on exposure to the air, and then again yellow, reddish at the base of the
tubes and at the base of the st., thick, compact. Spores yellowish, oblong
fusiform, or oblong elliptical, 12-13 x 4/x, 2-3-guttulate. Taste
pleasant. Edible. Woods, especially deciduous woods, heaths, and
pastures. May — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1889. B. erythropus (Pers.) Quel. €pv0po$, red; iroifc, foot.
P. 10-15 cm,, brown, or bay, often tawny rufescent, convex, minutely
pubescent. St. 5-12 x 2-4 cm., yellow, punctate with red, ventricose,
minutely tomentose. Tubes yellow, free ; orifice of pores dark blood red,
round, or subangular. Flesh yellow, becoming deep indigo in the p. and
upper part of the st. on exposure to the air, blood red in the rest of the st.,
yellow at the base of the tubes, thick, compact. Spores yellow, fusiform,
12-13 x 4/t, 2-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Woods, especially coni-
ferous woods. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1890. B. purpureus Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 41.
Purpureus, purple.
P. 7-12 cm., purplish red, or violet, rarely brownish, hemispherical,
pulvinate, somewhat velvety, opaque, dry. St. 6-11 x 2-3 cm., yellow,
reticulate with purple veins and dots, and often dotted on the veins, equal,
attenuated at the base. Tubes light yellow, becoming greenish, somewhat
free; orifice of pores purple orange, round, minute. Flesh yellow, be-
coming bluish on exposure to the air when young and reddish at the base
572 BOLETUS
of the st., compact. Spores olivaceous, oblong-fusiform, 11-12 x 5-
6ju,, 2-4-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. June — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
1891. B. Queletii Schulzer, var. rubicundus Eene Maire. (= Boletus
purpureus Fr. (forma) Massee, Brit. Fung. Fl. i, 290.) Bull.
Soc. Myc. Fr. xxvi, 195, t. v, figs. 5-6. Rubicundus, ruddy.
P. 5-16 cm., reddish purple, or reddish brown, hemispherical, then
convex, pruinose, then subtomentose; margin at first involute, pruinose
and flesh colour. St. 7-10 x 2-3 cm., yellow straw colour, then pale
ochraceous, densely punctate with red and dark purple at the base, more
or less bulbous and fusiform, slightly rooting. Tubes yellowish, then
pure yellow, becoming blue and finally black when touched, free,
sinuate ; orifice of pores greyish orange, then purple orange or saffron
colour, small, round, or slightly irregular. Flesh yellow, becoming blue
and finally blackish, reddish purple at the base of the st. Spores oliva-
ceous, elliptical-oblong, 8-10 x 4-5 /A, 1-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant.
Calcareous woods. Uncommon.
B. St.fibrilloselyfieshy, generally fioccosely squamulose and mucronate,
rarely rugosely or reticulately ribbed. Pores white, or whitish, rarely
yellow. Tubes concolorous, free, or sinuate, rarely adnate. Flesh
generally white, and soft, often becoming bistre colour on exposure
to the air, then becoming black. Large or medium in size.
1892. B. duriusculus Schulz. Boud. Icon. t. 150.
Duriusculus, somewhat hard.
P. 5-15 cm., grey fuliginous, or grey bistre, convex, minutely tomen-
tose, viscid in wet weather, often areolately cracked when dry. St.
10-20 x 1-5-4 cm., white, densely striate and black punctate, the striae
often anastomosing in a reticulate manner, often spotted greenish at
the attenuated, or incrassated base, very firm, equal, or subventricose.
Tubes dirty white, somewhat free, fairly long; orifice of pores minute,
round, or subangular. Flesh white, becoming reddish on exposure to
the air especially in the p. and apex of the st., then becoming blackish,
very firm. Spores fuliginous in the mass, pale under the microscope,
oblong fusiform, 13-15 x 4-5-6/x, 2-multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant.
Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures, especially under poplars. Aug.
— Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1893. B. versipellis Fr. (= Boletus rufus (Schaeff .) Quel. ; Boletus
aurantiacus Bull. sec. Quel.) Holland, Champ, t. 87, no. 193,
as Boletus aurantiacus. Versipellis, changeable in appearance.
P. 5-15 cm., rufous, hemispherical, pulvinate, dry, tomentose, then
scaly, and becoming even ; margin often appendiculate with the remains
of the membranaceous, fugacious veil. St. 8-12 x 3-5 cm., whitish,
BOLETUS 573
covered with rufous or greyish, mucronate flocci, attenuated upwards,
often tinged greenish when eaten by slugs or snails. Tubes dingy white,
free, long; orifice of pores often grey or blackish at first, minute, round.
Flesh white, often greenish near the cuticle of the stem, thick, compact.
Spores ochraceous, oblong fusiform, 16-18 x 5-7 p, 1-4-guttulate.
Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures.
July — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
1894. B. scaber (Bull.) Fr. (= Boletus nigrescens Roze & Rich. sec.
Quel.) Rolland, Champ, t. 87, no. 192. Scaber, rough.
P. 5-20 cm., ochraceous fuliginous, greyish bistre, or brownish bistre,
hemispherical, pulvinate, smooth, viscid when moist, at length rugu-
lose, or rivulose ; margin at first furnished with a cortina. St. 7-20 x
2—4 cm., whitish, or greyish, rough with fibrous scales that become blackish
with age, often greenish or bluish especially towards the base when eaten
by slugs or snails, attenuated upwards. Tubes white, then dingy, free,
long; orifice of pores minute, round. Flesh white, watery, soft. Spores
ochraceous, oblong fusiform, 16—18 x 5— 6-5/z, multi-guttulate. Taste
pleasant. Edible. May — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. niveus Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 48, as Boletus holopus Rostk.
Niveus, snow-white.
Differs from the type in the white p. becoming greenish grey at the
disc, and in the white granularly punctate st. which becomes greenish grey
at the base. Spores pale ochraceous, oblong fusiform, 14-16 x 5/n,
multi-guttulate. Deciduous woods. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1895. B. nigrescens Roze & Rich. (= Boletus scaber (Bull.) Fr. sec.
Quel.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. m, t. 20.
Nigrescens, becoming black.
P. 4-12 cm., yellowish, convex, tomentose, cracking with age. St.
6-11 x 2-4: cm., yellowish, dotted with grey scales, ventricose, attenuated
at both ends, striate. Tubes white, soon becoming bright yellow, free;
orifice of pores small, -5 mm. across, round, or oblong, unequal. Flesh
yellowish white, becoming red on exposure to the air, and finally dark
brown. Spores olivaceous, fusiform, 12-16 x 5-6/u, 1-3-guttulate.
Taste pleasant. Edible. Deciduous woods. July — Sept. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
1896. B. rugosus Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 41. Rugosus, wrinkled.
P. 5-6 cm., bay, or brown, convex, pulvinate, dry, smooth. St.
7-12 x 2-3 cm., whitish, or ochraceous, attenuated upwards from the
subbulbous base, longitudinally ribbed; ribs dark, anastomosing, or
reticulate. Tubes whitish, then ochraceous, free ; orifice of pores small,
round. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle of the p., compact. Spores
olivaceous, fusiform, 9-10 x 3-4/z. Taste mild. Edible. Woods.
Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
574 POLYPORUS
APHYLLOPHORALES.
Hymenium indefinite, increasing by centrifugal growth, fully ex-
posed from the first, amphigenous, or unilateral, lining the interior
of pores, covering the surface of teeth, tubercles or anastomosing
gills, or forming a smooth surface.
I. POROHYDNINEAE.
Receptacle pileate, stipitate, sessile, or resupinate; hymenium
inferior.
1. POLYPORACEAE.
Hymenium lining tubes coherent throughout their length, forming
a layer distinct from the substance of the pileus, sometimes becoming
torn into teeth, or gill-like plates, and separated by dissepiments
sterile on the edge.
Polyporas (Micheli) Fr.
(TToXu?, many; 770^09, a pore.)
Pileus fleshy, cheesy, coriaceous or corky, often at length becoming
hard with age; entire, lobed, excentric, or dimidiate, simple, or
branched. Stem central, lateral, or none, simple or branched. Tubes
homogeneous, or heterogeneous, long, or short; orifice of pores round,
angular, entire, torn, or toothed. Flesh white, or coloured. Spores
white, or coloured, elliptical, pip-shaped, globose, subglobose, pruni-
form, oblong, or elliptic fusiform; smooth, punctate, or verrucose.
Cystidia present, or absent, hyaline, or coloured. Annual, or perennial.
Growing on wood, or on the ground ; solitary, caespitose, imbricate,
or connate at the base.
A. Stipitate, or caespitose.
I. P. thin, hemispherical, generally depressed, cup-shaped. St. thin,
fibrillosely corky. Flesh coloured. Tubes homogeneous, short; pores
polygonal, or rounded, tawny or brown. Spores hyaline, or yellowish.
Cystidia coloured, or wanting. Terrestrial. Perennial.
*P. tomentose, or velvety. Cystidia coloured.
1897. P. tomentosus Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 38, fig. 1, as Polyporus
Kalchbrenneri FT. Tomentosus, woolly.
P. 5-10 cm., tawny ferruginous, nankeen yellow, or yellowish cinna-
mon, convex, then plane and cyathiform, leathery, zoned, radiately
rugose, clothed with tawny ferruginous hairs ; margin thin. St. 2-5 cm. x
4-8 mm., fuscous umber, becoming blackish, subequal, firm, pulverulent,
or tomentose, sometimes a mere base or central point. Tubes greyish,
becoming fuscous, adnate, 1 mm. long; orifice of pores grey, glistening,
POLYPORUS 575
minute, entire. Flesh fuscous umber, 2 mm. thick, firm. Spores
hyaline, " oblong pruniform, 9-10 x 2-5-3 fj," Sacc. Cystidia coloured,
abundant. Coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
**P. silky, or glossy. Cystidia wanting.
1898. P. Montagnei Fr. (= Polystictus cinnamomeus (Jacq.) Sacc.
sec. Lloyd.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 11, as Polystictus
Montagnei Fr.
J. F. C. Montagne, the eminent French mycologist.
P. 3-8 cm., ferruginous, cyathiform, irregular, uneven, zoneless,
tomentose, becoming smooth; margin thin. St. 2-3 cm. x 5-9 mm.,
concolorous, unequal, pubescent. Tubes yellowish white, then ferrugi-
nous, short, decurrent; orifice of pores large, round, obtuse, entire.
Flesh ferruginous, somewhat corky, thick. Spores hyaline, ovoid
pruniform, 5-6 x 4-5^,, punctate. Woods, and heaths. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
1899. P. cinnamomeus (Jacq.) Sacc. Lloyd, Myc. Notes, Polyporoid
Issue, no. 1, fig. 200. Cinnamomeus, cinnamon.
P. 2-3 cm., bright cinnamon, piano-depressed, then subinfundibuli-
form, somewhat corky, flaccid, velvety becoming glabrous, silky,
shining, at first with darker fuscous zones, then becoming tawny,
and zoneless. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-5 mm., concolorous, attenuated at the
base, or somewhat bulbous, velvety. Tubes fuscous cinnamon, becoming
tawny when dry, adnate, 1—2-5 mm. long; orifice of pores greyish,
somewhat large, pentagonal, or hexagonal. Flesh concolorous, spongy.
Spores yellowish, broadly elliptical, with an oblique apiculus, 6—7 x 4-
5/x. Smell unpleasant. Under trees, and burnt places. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
1900. P. perennis (Linn.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 89, no. 197.
Perennis, perennial.
P. 3-8 cm., cinnamon, then date brown, often becoming whitish with
age, hemispherical, plane, or cyathiform, coriaceous, tough, thin,
zoned, velvety, becoming smooth; margin fimbriate, then entire. St.
2-5-5 cm. x 3-8 mm., tawny, or concolorous, attenuated upwards,
often bulbous at the base, velvety, firm. Tubes tawny, decurrent,
2-3 mm. long; orifice of pores silvery, becoming tawny, minute, an-
gular, acute, then torn. Flesh tawny, fibrillosely leathery, tough.
Spores hyaline, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/z, 1-guttulate. Charcoal heaps,
and about stumps. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
II. P. thin, hemispherical, or excentric, firm, squamulose, villose, or
smooth. St. generally thin, corky, rarely branched, sometimes
black at the base. Flesh leathery, white. Tubes heterogeneous', pores
round, or polygonal, small, white. Spores hyaline. Perennial.
Growing on wood.
576 POLYPORUS
*P. at first villose, or squamulose.
1901. P. brumalis (Pers.) Fr. Brumalis, pertaining to winter.
P. 2-10 cm., fuliginous, becoming pale and tan colour with age,
convex, then plane, more or less umbilicate, fleshy pliant, then coria-
ceous, villose, or squamulose, becoming smooth; margin fimbriato-
ciliate, or velvety. St. 1-5-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, velvety, or
squamulose. Tubes white, decurrent, 1 mm. long; orifice of pores
white, becoming yellowish, round, angular, or oblong, small, toothed.
Flesh whitish, very firm, thin at the margin. Spores white, oblong,
often curved, 6-8 x 2-3/>t, 1-2-guttulate. Dead branches, and twigs
in woods, and wood heaps. Sept. — May. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1902. P. arcularius (Batsch) FT. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 16.
Arcula, a casket.
P. 1—3 cm., fuscous, becoming yellow with age, convex, subumbilicate,
pliant, then coriaceous, at first covered with fuscous squamules, then
becoming smooth and ochraceous; margin strigose. St. 1-2-5 cm. x
1-2 mm., greyish fuscous, or bistre, subsquamulose, becoming smooth.
Tubes whitish, adnato-decurrent, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores white,
becoming tawny, oblong, rhomboidal, thin, rather large, entire. Flesh
white, thin, leathery. Spores white, globose, 3/x. Dead twigs, and
branches in woods, and shrubberies. Sept. — May. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1903. P. lentus Berk. Berk. Outl. t. 16, fig. 1. (? =
tubarius Quel.) Lentus, pliant.
P. 2-5-5 cm., reddish brown, becoming ochraceous, convex, umbili-
cate, thin, tough, furfuraceo-squamulose, becoming smooth. St. 1-
2-5 cm. x 4-9 mm., concolorous, central, or excentric, straight, or
curved, hispid, or furfur 'aceous, often covered with pores to the base.
Tubes white, decurrent, 2-3 mm. long; orifice of tubes white, large,
angular, irregular. Flesh white, leathery, tough. Spores "white,
elliptic fusiform, 12 x 4-5 /A" Massee. Dead roots, fallen branches,
and gorse stems. April — Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1904. P. melanopus (Swartz) Fr. /LteXa?, black; TTOI;?, foot.
P. 3-10 cm., white, then yellowish fuscous or greyish bistre, convexo-
plane and umbilicate, then infundibuliform, fleshy pliant, at first
minutely fiocculose, or pruinose. St. 2-4 cm. x 6-10 mm., dark brown,
bistre, or black, gradually incrassated upwards, or thickened down-
wards, excentric, minutely velvety. Tubes white, decurrent, -5-1 mm.
long; orifice of pores white, minute, round, fimbriate under a lens.
Flesh white, thick, soft. Spores white, oblong, or pip-shaped, 7-8 x
3/n, 1-guttulate. Smell often pleasant. Dead pine roots, and branches
in woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
POLYPORTJS 577
**P. and st. glabrous. St. often black at the base.
1905. P. fuscidulus (Schrad.) Fr. Fuscidulus, somewhat dark.
P. 2-5-6 cm., fuscous yellowish, convexo-plane, fleshy, pliant, sub-
coriaceous, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 4 mm., fuscous, then yellow,
equal, or thickened at both ends, smooth. Tubes yellowish, adnate,
•7mm. long; orifice of pores yellowish, subangular, quite entire,
minute. Flesh yellowish white, thin, tough. Spores "hyaline, elliptic-
oblong, 5-6 x 2 /Li" Massee. On twigs, and chips of wood. Sept. —
Feb. Eare.
1906. P. leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr. \eirr 6^, thin; Ke<f>a\rf, head.
P. 2-3 cm., pale, then fawn colour, convexo-plane, pliant, then
coriaceous, thin, smooth ; margin rather wavy. St. 1—2-5 cm. x 3—
4 mm., pallid, smooth. Tubes whitish, adnate; orifice of pores whitish,
round, minute, obtuse. Flesh white, leathery. Spores "hyaline, oblong
pruniform, 8 /it, guttulate" Quel. On stumps, and dead birch trunks
in woods. Oct. — March. Rare.
1907. P. nummularius (Bull.) Quel. Rostk. Polyp, t. 12.
Nummularius, like money.
P. 1-2-5 cm., whitish cream colour, then ochraceous and becoming
whitish, convexo-plane, hemispherical, rarely umbonate, thin, smooth.
St. 1-2 cm. x 3-5 mm., blackish bistre, whitish cream at the apex,
equal, or attenuated downwards, firm, piuinose. Tubes white, then
yellowish, decurrent, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores white, then straw
colour, minute, round, ciliate under a lens. Flesh white, hard, woody.
Spores white, oblong, 7-9 x 2-5-3 /x, 1-2-guttulate, sometimes curved.
Dead twigs, and branches in woods, and wood heaps. Aug. — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
1908. P. picipes Fr. Pers. Icon, pictae rar. fung. t. rv, fig. 1, as
Boletus infundibulis. Pix, pitch ; pes, foot.
P. 5-10 cm., pallid, then chestnut, or pale yellowish livid and chestnut
at the disc, cyathiform, or depressed at the disc or behind, fleshy
coriaceous, then rigid, smooth; margin scalloped. St. 2-7 x -5-2 cm.,
brownish bistre, or olivaceous, punctate with black up to the pores,
excentric, or lateral, pruinosely velvety, becoming smooth, firm. Tubes
white, then yellowish, decurrent, 1-5 mm. long; orifice of pores white,
then yellowish, or pinkish, very small, round. Flesh white, tough.
Spores hyaline, pruniform, 7-8 x 4//,, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant.
On pollarded willows, and stumps. July — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1909. P. varius Fr. (= Polyporus cakeolus (BuU.) Quel. ; Polyporus
efegr<ms(Bull.)Fr.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 202. Farms, variable.
P. 5-12 cm., pallid ochraceous, then tan colour, or cinnamon streaked
with brown, very coriaceous, cyathiform, or plane and depressed at
578 POLYPORUS
the disc or beyond, smooth. St. 1-5-5 cm. x 4-12 mm., pale ochra-
ceous at the apex, black lower down, central, excentric, or lateral,
smooth, tough, firm. Tubes whitish, then ochraceous or cinnamon, de-
current, 1-3 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming yellowish,
small, round. Flesh white, then yellowish, very tough, woody, thin.
Spores white, oblong or elliptical, 7 x 2-5-Sju,. Smell slight. Taste
bitter. On stumps, trunks, and fallen branches. July — Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
1910. P. petaloides Fr. TreraXoz/, a leaf; elSo?, like.
P. 5—6 cm., chestnut fuscous, spathulate, submembranaceous, rugose,
smooth, flaccid when moist. St. 2 cm. x 8-10 mm., whitish, lateral,
ascending, compressed, expanding into the p., smooth, dilated at the
base into a shield-like organ of attachment. Tubes shining white, de-
current, very short; orifice of pores white, very small. Spores "almost
colourless, elliptical, 6 x 2-5-3 /x" Massee. Old stumps. Jan. Rare.
1911. P. osseus Kalchbr. (= Polyporus albidus (Schaeff.) Quel.)
Kalchbr. Icon. t. 34, fig. 2. Osseus, like bone.
P. 2-5-8 cm., white, becoming yellowish, convex, often imbricate,
lobed, smooth. St. white, simple, branched, or obsolete, smooth, hard,
firm. Tubes white, decurrent, 1 mm. long; orifice of pores white,
round, at length torn, or denticulate, minute. Flesh white, compact,
becoming firm. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5 p. Smell somewhat acid.
Taste becoming bitter. Larch stumps. Oct. Rare.
III. P. simple, rarely compound. Stipitate, or caespitose. Flesh soft,
or slightly leathery, fragile, or firm, white. Tubes heterogeneous,
pores round, or polygonal, of medium size, white. Spores white, or
coloured. Annual. Growing on the ground, rarely on wood.
1912. P. leucomelas (Pers.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 15.
Xey/eo?, white; yu,e\a9, black.
P. 4-12 cm., black fuliginous, convex, then expanded, often irregular
and lobed, fleshy, fibrillose, disc often squamulose. St. 2-5-10 x 2-
3 cm., concolorous, pale at the apex, equal, or tuberous, subtomentose,
sometimes squamulose from the breaking up of the cuticle, firm.
Tubes white, decurrent, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming
grey, rather large, entire, then torn. Flesh white, reddish when broken,
and often blackish in the st., thick, soft. Spores white, subglobose,
5-6 ft, warted. Taste slightly bitter. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. —
Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
1913. P. flavo-virens Berk. <fe Rav. Flavus, yellow; virens, green.
P. 8-10 cm., dirty yellowish green, pulvinate, or depressed, irregu-
larly lobed, fleshy, subtomentose. St. 5 x 2-3 cm., pallid, subcon-
POLYPORUS 579
color ous, incrassated upwards. Tubes white, then yellowish green, very
decurrent, -5 mm. long; orifice of pores yellowish, angular, very
irregular, finally torn. Flesh white, thick, soft. Spores dirty green,
broadly fusiform, 15-18 x 7-8jii. Under pines. Sept. Kare. (v.v.)
IV. P. simple, rarely compound. St. generally thick. Flesh soft, or
leathery, white. Tubes heterogeneous; pores honey-comb-like, broad.
Spores white or pale coloured. Annual. Growing on the ground, or
on wood.
*P. velvety, hispid or squamulose.
1914. P. squamosus (Huds.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 207; and
forma erecta Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 133. Squamosus, scaly.
P. 10-60 cm., ochraceous, variegated with broad, adpressed, centri-
fugal, darker, fuscous scales, fan-shaped, or hemispherical, convex,
then plane and at length concave, often umbilicate when young,
fleshy pliant, often imbricate and flattened. St. 1—5 x 1-5 cm., ochra-
ceous, base blackish, excentric, lateral, or wanting, apex reticulate.
Tubes white, then yellowish, adnato-decurrent, 5-10 mm. long; orifice
of pores pallid, at first minute, then large, angular, and torn. Flesh
white, soft, becoming leathery, thick. Spores white, oblong, 10-12 x
4-5 p, 1-2-guttulate. Smell strong. Said to be edible. On trunks of
ash, apple, walnut, maple, elm, yew, oak, birch, lime, etc. April —
Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1915. P. Boucheanus (Klotzsch) Fr. (= Polyporus Forquignoni Quel.
sec. Lloyd.) Augustus Bouche.
P. 3-7 cm., bright tawny, or yellowish, plane, or cyathiform, fleshy,
smooth, then breaking up into floccose, erect squamules. St. 3-4-5 x 1-
2 cm., concolorous, becoming fuscous at the base, excentric, or lateral,
rarely central, tomentose. Tubes whitish becoming yellow, adnato-
decurrent, 2-5 mm. long; orifice of pores yellowish, large, angular,
toothed. Flesh yellowish, soft, becoming firm. Spores white, oblong,
or oblong fusiform, 14-16 x 6/z, 1-guttulate. On dead oak branches,
twigs, and burnt gorse stems. July — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1916. P. Michelii Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 1.
Pier Antonio Micheli, an early mycologist.
P. 5-10 cm., yellowish white, depressed, repand, fleshy pliant,
minutely silky, subsquamulose. St. 2-5 x 1 cm., white, becoming fus-
cous at the base, somewhat lateral, bulbous, rough. Tubes white,
adnato-decurrent, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores white, large, 2 mm.
across, round, or oblong. Flesh white, firm. Spores " almost colourless,
elongato-elliptical, 16-17 x 7/u," Massee. Trunks, and stumps, es-
pecially willow. Sept. Rare.
37—2
580 POLYPOBUS
**P. smooth.
1917. P. Rostkovii Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 17, as Polyporus infundibuli-
formis Rostk.
Dr Friedrich Wilhelm Theophilus Rostkovius, one of the editors
and illustrators of Sturm's Deutschlands Flora.
P. 3-15 cm., smoke colour, or sometimes yellowish, dimidiato-mfundi-
buliform, fleshy pliant, thin, smooth, even. St. 7-15 cm., black, ex-
centric, often connate and caespitose at the thickened base, reticu-
lated. Tubes white, then dingy yellowish, very decurrent, 4-8 mm. long;
orifice of pores white, then ochraceous, large, pentagonal, or oblong,
acute, toothed. Flesh white, soft. Spores " almost colourless, elongate-
elliptical, 14-16 x 5-6 //." Massee, "guttulate" Quel. Smell pleasant.
Stumps, and trunks, especially ash. July — Jan. Uncommon.
V. P. compound, many pileoli arising from a common trunk, or
tubercle, or caespitose and imbricate. Spores white, or pale yellow-
ish. Of large size, growing on wood or the roots of trees.
A. P. fleshy, firm, many pileoli arising from a common stalk.
1918. P. umbellatus Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 91, no. 200.
Umbella, a parasol.
P. 1-4 cm., fuliginous, rufous, or pallid light yellow, rarely white,
convex, umbilicate, entire, pruinose, or villose. St. 2-3 x -5-1 cm.,
white, branched, arising from a common stalk which is often developed
from a sclerotium, each branch giving rise to a separate p., pruinose.
Tubes white, decurrent, -5 mm. long; orifice of pores white, minute,
round, or angular. Flesh white, soft, elastic. Spores white, oblong,
or pip-shaped, 7-9 x 3/x, 1-2-guttulate. Smell pleasant. Edible.
Forming large tufts on and around old stumps. July — Oct. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
1919. P. frondosus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 91, no. 201.
Frondosus, leafy.
P. 2-6 cm., fuliginous grey, or greyish tan colour; margin often white,
dimidiate, spathulate, lobed, intricately recurved, rugose, pruinose,
or villose. St. 10-30 x 5—10 cm., white, Incoming discoloured, sparingly
branched, smooth. Tubes white, decurrent, -5 mm. long; orifice of pores
white, very small, round, or polygonal, then denticulate. Flesh white,
becoming discoloured, fibrous, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 6 x 5/z,
punctate. Smell of new meal. Edible, but rather tough. Forming
large tufts on oaks, hornbeam, and old stumps. Sept. — Oct. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
1920. P. intybaceus Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 92, no. 202.
evrvftov, chicory.
P. 3-6 cm., pale yellowish inclining to fuscous, nut colour becoming
POLYPORUS 581
brownish, much branched, and divided up into numerous spathulate lobes,
undulate, sinuous, often conchate. St. 2-3 x 1-5-4 cm., white, gradu-
ally spreading and dividing into the lobes of the p. Tubes white, decur-
rent, -5 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming fuscous, minute,
round. Flesh white, often becoming reddish, soft, elastic. Spores white,
elliptical, 6-7 x 3ju. Smell often like that of mice. Edible but rather
tough. Forming large tufts on beech, oak trees and on stumps. Sept
— Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1921. P. cristatus (Pers.) Fr. Krombh. t. 48, figs. 15 and 16.
Cristatus, crested.
P. 5-10 cm., rufous greenish, or greenish yellow, entire, or dimidiate,
or spathulate, scalloped, or lobed, depressed, subpulverulently villose,
then rimosely squamulose. St. 2-5-6 x 1-2 cm., white, or lemon yellow,
becoming discoloured, irregularly shaped, connate, rarely simple,
glabrous. Tubes whitish, decurrent, 1—2 mm. long; orifice of pores
whitish, becoming discoloured, minute, angular, toothed. Flesh white,
becoming discoloured, soft, fragile. Spores white, subglobose, 5-6 x 5/x,
with a large central gutta. Beech woods. Sept. — Oct. Eare. (v.v.)
B. P. at first soft and succulent, then dry and fragile, arising from
a tubercle, or caespitose. Pores yellow, or flesh colour.
*Flesh white, or yellowish.
1922. P. sulphurous (Bull.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 113.
Sulphureus, like sulphur.
P. 10-40 cm., reddish yellow, or orange, becoming paler with age,
imbricated, undulated, pruinose, sessile, rarely stalked. Tubes sulphur
yellow, becoming paler, -5 mm. long; orifice of pores bright sulphur
yellow, becoming pale, minute, round. Flesh light yellowish, then white,
soft, cheesy, often exuding a sulphur yellow milk when broken and
quite fresh. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5ju,, minutely papillose.
Taste acid. Said to be edible. On stumps, and trunks of willows,
oaks, alders, walnuts, poplars, apples, ashes, yews, pines, etc. May —
Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. ramosus (Bull.) Quel. Ramosus, branching.
Differs from the type in dividing up into several digitate-like, cylin-
drical branches covered with the pores. On oaks, and willows. Aug. —
Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. albolabyrinthiporus Rea.
Albus, white; \aftv pivOos, intricate; tropo^, a pore.
Differs from the type in the white, labyrinthiform, torn pores, and
in the flesh being white from the first. On an oak. Nov. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
582 POLYPORUS
1923. P. imbricatus (Bull.) Fr. (= Polyporus sulphureus (Bull.) Fr.
sec. Lloyd.) Rostk. Polyp, t. 21.
Imbricatus, covered with tiles.
P. 50-100 cm., yellowish tawny, or buff, becoming pale; margin pale,
somewhat zoned, imbricated, very broad, lobed, and undulated,
glabrous, sessile, rarely stalked. Tubes pale, becoming dirty yellowish,
long, thin; orifice of pores pale, becoming concolorous with the p.,
minute, round. Flesh becoming fuscous when moist, white when dry,
somewhat firm, fibrillosely cheesy. Taste bitter. Smell "like Gentian
root" Bulliard, or "seed-cake" W. G. Sm. Oak trunks. June — Nov.
Rare.
1924. P. Herbergii (Rostk.) B. & Br. Rostk. Polyp, t. 18.
Herbergius.
P. 10-20 cm., bright rusty bay, becoming sulphur yellow towards the
margin, imbricated, minutely velvety, becoming almost glabrous,
sessile. Tubes pale grey, 4-8 mm. long; orifice of pores pale grey,
labyrinthiform, unequal, torn, and toothed. Caespitose. On trunks.
Oct. Rare.
**Flesh deeply coloured.
1925. P. spongia Fr. (= Polyporus Schweinitzii Fr. sec. Lloyd.) Fr.
Icon. t. 180, fig. 2. a-TToyyid, a sponge.
P. 5-30 cm., brownish ferruginous, becoming tawny ferruginous when
dry, dimidiate, connate in broad, dense tufts, or imbricate, then flat-
tened, wrinkled, rugulose, strigosely tomentose, sessile, or stalked.
Tubes light yellow, becoming brownish, 2mm. long; orifice of pores
light yellow, soon becoming brownish, small, round, or angular, entire.
Flesh rhubarb colour, becoming paler, spongy, soft, finally fragile. Spores
very pale yellow, elliptical, 7 x 4/z. Caespitose. Coniferous stumps.
Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1926. P. Schweinitzii Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 79, fig. 3.
Ludwig David von Schweinitz, the American mycologist.
P. 10-40 cm., bright tawny, disc becoming date brown with the ex-
ception of the yellowish tawny margin, and finally becoming entirely
fuscous, regular and plano-cup-shaped, or irregular, dimidiate, and
imbricate, rugose, strigosely tomentose, fibrillose. St. 3-12 x 5-6 cm.,
ferruginous, sometimes wanting, strigose. Tubes greenish yellow, de-
current, 3-5 mm. long; orifice of pores greenish yellow, broad, angular,
often irregular. Flesh rhubarb colour, becoming fuscous, spongy, then
fibrillose, and finally fragile. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4^i, with
a large central gutta. On stumps, and roots of conifers. July — Nov.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
P. rufescens Fr. = Daedalea biennis (Bull.) Quel.
POLYPORUS 583
C. P. firm, tough, subcoriaceous, corky, or leathery. Caespitose.
1927. P. giganteus (Pers.) Fr. (= Polyporus acanthoides (BuU.) Quel.)
Boud. Icon. t. 153. yi>ya<;, a giant.
P. 10-80 cm., date brown, at first pale, then brownish yellow, disc at
length black, densely imbricated, dimidiate, very broad, flaccid, sub-
zoned, rivulose, depressed behind, cuticle breaking up into granules
or fibrillose squamules. St. 3-10 x 2-5 cm., whitish, connato-branched
from a common tubercle, sometimes wanting. Tubes whitish, decur-
rent, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming fuliginous and
black when touched or rubbed, round, or angular, minute. Flesh white,
becoming black, tough, subcoriaceous. Spores white, globose, 4-5 /A,
with a large central gutta. Smell sour. Taste unpleasant. Forming
dense masses at the base of beeches, oaks, elms, chestnuts, and
robinias. July — Jan. Common, (v.v.)
1928. P. acanthoides (Bull.) Fr. aicavdos, acanthus; etSos, like.
P. 5—90 cm., ferruginous, or pale chestnut, densely imbricated, in-
fundibulif orm, inciso-dimidiate, subzoned, longitudinally rugose, thin.
St. white, then rufescent, connato-branched. Tubes white, then rufescent,
short; orifice of pores white, then rufescent, lamelloso-sinuate, thin,
toothed. Flesh faintly rufous, thin, 4-6 mm. thick, pliant, then
coriaceous. Spores white, "subglobose, 4 x 3/u," Massee. In dense
clusters on trunks, roots, and buried wood. Sept. Rare.
1929. P. alligatus Fr. (= Polyporus imberbis (Bull.) Quel.)
Alligatus, bound up.
P. 2-5-8 cm., tan isabelline, imbricated, unequal, very variable,
irregularly club-shaped, or variously expanded, dilated, often circular
in outline, undulate, villose, sessile. Tubes white, short; orifice of
pores white, minute, readily stopped up with flocci. Flesh paler, rigid,
fibrous. Spores "pale, elliptical, 6 x 7/u," Massee. On roots, often
wrapping round stipules and grasses. Sept. Rare.
1930. P. heteroclitus (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 164, as Boletus
heteroclitus Bolt. erepo/eXtTo?, leaning to one side.
P. 6 cm., orange, sessile, flat, expanded on all sides from a radical
tubercle, lobed, villose. Tubes golden yellow, short; orifice of pores
yellow, becoming brownish, irregular, and elongate. On the ground
under oaks. Jan. Rare.
P. salignus Fr. = Daedalea saligna Fr.
B. Sessile.
VI. P. with a rigid crust, often resinous. Tubes heterogeneous, separable ;
pores round, rarely polygonal. Spores white, or slightly coloured.
Cystidia coloured, or none. Annual. Growing on wood.
584 POLYPORUS
1931. P. betulinus (Bull.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 229.
Betula, birch.
P. 7-30 cm., pale, becoming brownish with age and often mottled,
roundish, or reniform, attached by a narrow, bossy base which some-
times forms a short stalk; pellicle smooth, thin, separating; margin
very obtuse, sterile. Tubes white, 2-8 mm. long, often separating;
orifice of pores white, becoming darker, minute, round. Flesh white,
soft, then corky. Spores white, oblong, 5-7 x 2/x, often curved.
Birch, rarely beech. Common, (v.v.)
1932. P. quercinus (Schrad.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 154. Quercus, oak.
P. 7-15 x 5-12 cm., pale tan, or tinged with red, and becoming reddish
when bruised or with age, tongue-shaped, convexo-plane, narrowed
behind into a thick horizontal stem, at first floccoso-granular, or
minutely squamulose, becoming smooth; margin obtuse, sometimes
lobed. Tubes whitish, 4 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, or yellowish,
becoming reddish when bruised, and finally concolorous, minute, round.
Flesh whitish, lemon yellow under the cuticle and at the base of the tubes,
often pinkish elsewhere when young, especially in the stem, 1-5— 2-5 cm.
thick, floccose, soft, then hardened. Spores white, often yellowish,
oblong, 10-12 x 4-5/Li, slightly granular inside. Taste very bitter.
Oaks, and oak logs. May — Dec. Rare, (v.v.)
1933. P. dryadeus (Pers.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 458. fy>0<?, oak.
P. 7— 30 cm., yellowish, then ferruginous and becoming brown, dimi-
diate, horizontal, pulvinate, imbricate, cuticle thin, soft, pruinose,
rugged, becoming even, smooth; margin often exuding watery drops.
Tubes ferruginous, 10-30 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, round,
small. Flesh ferruginous, subzoned, soft, becoming corky, thick.
Spores pale ferruginous in the mass, yellowish under the microscope,
globose, 6-8 x 6-7 (JL, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, straight, 40 x 8/z."
Lloyd. Taste acid, the drops very astringent from the tannic acid
they contain. At the base of oaks. May — Dec. Common, (v.v .)
VII. P. villose, velvety, or strigose, without a cuticle. Flesh coloured,
moist, then firm, and fragile. Tubes heterogeneous, separable,
coloured. Spores white, or coloured. Cystidia coloured, or wanting.
Annual. Growing on wood.
1934. P. hispidus (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 158. Hispidus, shaggy.
P. 10-30 cm., yellowish, then ferruginous and finally blackish,
dimidiate, pulvinate, thick, very hispid, shaggy. Tubes ferruginous,
2-3 cm. long; orifice of pores yellowish, becoming concolorous, small,
round, becoming torn, often exuding watery drops. Flesh ferruginous,
2-5-10 cm. thick, spongy, fibrous, becoming dry and fragile. Spores
brown, subglobose, 9-10 x 7-8/x, often apiculate, 1-multi-guttulate.
POLYPORTJS 585
Cystidia sparse, or absent. Ashes, apples, and walnuts. May — Feb.
Common, (v.v.)
1935. P. cuticularis (Bull.) Fr. Cuticula, a thin external skin.
P. 7-30 cm., tawny, then ferruginous fuscous and finally blackish,
applanate, dimidiate, rather triquetrous, imbricate, becoming plane,
thin, hairy, tomentose, obsoletely zoned, becoming smooth; margin
incurved, fimbriate. Tubes dark brown, 3-10 mm. long; orifice of pores
whitish, glistening, then concolorous, small, round, or angular, often
torn. Flesh dark brown, thin, 3-10 mm. thick, fibrillose, hard. Spores
ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /z. Cystidia sparse, or absent.
Beeches, birches, and hornbeams. Aug. — Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1936. P. benzoinus (Wahlenb.) Fr. (= Polyporus fuliginosus (Scop.)
Quel.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc n, t. 12.
Benzoin, a fragrant, resinous juice.
P. 7-12 cio.., fuscous rubiginous, shell-shaped, dimidiate, often con-
stricted at the base, subimbricate, often marked with metallic, bluish
zones, tomentose, becoming rugose when old, and darker. Tubes
whitish, or yellowish, 6-10 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming
ferruginous, minute, round, or deltoid. Flesh fuscous, then pale wood
colour, firm. Spores white, oblong, 4-5 x 2-2-5ju,, curved. Smell very
pleasant, aromatic. Cedars and Abies. Oct. — March. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1937. P. cryptarum (Bull.) Fr. KpvTmj, a vault.
P. 10-20 cm., tawny, or brown, becoming paler, effuso-reflexed, im-
bricate, wrinkled, silky, distilling drops. Tubes cinnamon, very long;
orifice of pores ochraceous, minute, round. Flesh cinnamon, thick, or
thin, spongy, then corky. Abies, and rotting coniferous wood. Not
uncommon.
1938. P. rutilans (Pers.) Fr. (= Polyporus nidulans Fr. sec. Quel.)
Pers. Icon, et Desc. fung. min. cogn. t. 6, fig. 3.
Rutilans, becoming reddish.
P. 2-6 cm., tawny-cinnamon or reddish grey, becoming pale, convex,
effused behind, imbricate, rarely solitary, villose, becoming smooth;
margin inflexed, obtuse, unequal. Tubes white, becoming concolorous,
1-3 mm. long; orifice of tubes white, glistening, soon becoming con-
colorous, minute, round. Flesh concolorous, firm, pliant, giving a
blue juice when extracted with alcohol. Spores white, globose, 4/u,.
Smell pleasant. Fallen branches, and dead aspens. Jan. — Dec. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
1939. P. nidulans Fr. (= Polyporus rutilans (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.)
Saund. & Sm. t. 45, as Polyporus rutilans. Nidus, a nest.
P. 2-5-5 cm., pale yellowish, or flesh colour, pulvinate, solitary, convex
above and below, villose, becoming smooth ; margin spreading, obtuse.
586 POLYPORUS
Tubes cinnamon, 2-5 mm. long; orifice of pores concolorous, becoming
purplish when bruised, rather large, angular. Flesh pale cinnamon,
very soft, easily compressed, giving a blue juice when extracted
with alcohol. Spores white, pip-shaped, 4-5 x 1-5-2-5/n. Smell
pleasant when dried. Twigs, and fallen branches. Jan. — Dec. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
1940. P. gilvus Schwein. Gilvus, pale yellow.
P. 5-10 cm., brown, becoming pale yellowish, applanate, often im-
bricate, even, often rugulose. Tubes brown, 3-10 mm. long; orifice of
pores brown, small, round. Flesh bright yellow, becoming cinnamon
brown when old, hard, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 4—5 x 3'5-^4/M,
1-guttulate. " Cystidia abundant, slender, sharp, projecting, 12-16/n "
Lloyd. Deciduous trees, especially beech. Jan. Rare, (v.v.)
1941. P. radiatus (Sow.) Fr. Radiatus, radiate.
P. 2-6 cm., tawny, margin yellow, becoming ferruginous fuscous,
dimidiate, very imbricate, radiately rugose, minutely velvety, becoming
smooth; margin spreading, repand. Tubes ferruginous, 4-5 mm. long;
orifice of pores silvery, glistening, minute, round, or angular. Flesh
pale cinnamon, fibrous, hard, rigid. Spores white, subglobose, 5 x 4/u,.
Cystidia coloured, fusiform, 20-30 x 5-8/M, sparse. Beeches, birches,
and especially on alders. Sept. — April. Common, (v.v.)
1942. P. nodulosus Fr. (= Polyporus polymorphus Rostk.) Trans.
Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 16. " Nodulosus, full of little knobs.
P. 1-3 cm., fulvous, then rust coloured, triquetrous, nodular, connate,
villose, rugose, rough. Tubes light cinnamon, 1-5 mm. long; orifice of
pores silvery, glistening, minute, round, unequal, acutely torn. Flesh
paler, very hard. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/n. Beeches. Sept. —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
P. polymorphus Rostk. = Polyporus nodulosus Fr.
VIII. P. villose, fioccose, orfibrillose, rarely smooth, without a cuticle.
Flesh white, fibrous, soft, zoned, putrescent. Tubes heterogeneous,
often separable. Spores white, pale blue in 1954. Cystidia present,
or none. Annual. Growing on wood.
t Pores coloured.
1943. P. amorphus Fr. a/uo/><£o9, misshapen.
P. 3-4 cm., white, effuso-reflexed, or dimidiate, imbricate, some-
times resupinate, silky, or tomentose. Tubes white, becoming golden,
or pinkish, short; orifice of pores concolorous, round, or irregular
and torn. Flesh white, soft, pliant, " subgelatinous " Lloyd. Spores
white, subglobose, 4-5/x, 1-guttulate. Trunks, stumps, and needles
of various conifers. Sept. — March. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
, POLYPORUS 587
1944. P. armeniacus Berk. (= Polyporus amorphus Fr. sec. Cke.)
Armeniaca, apricot.
P. 8cm., white, broadly effused, suborbicular, confluent; margin
minutely downy. Tubes white, then bright buff, changing to deep cinna-
mon during drying, short ; orifice of pores concolorous, minute, round,
rather irregular, often confined to the centre. Flesh whitish, very thin.
Spores "white, elliptical, 7 x 4-5/i" Massee. Fir, and pine bark.
Sept. — March. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1945. P. adiposus B. & Br. (= Polyporus undatus Pers. sec. Bres.)
Lloyd, Synop. Sec. Apus. Gen. Polyp, figs. 662 and 663, as
Polyporus undatus. Adiposus, fat.
P. 1-1-5 cm., white, here and there acquiring a foxy tinge, efhiso-
reflexed, often entirely resupinate, obscurely tomentose. Tubes
whitish, tinged in places with brown, short, or long; orifice of pores
whitish, becoming brownish, either small and round, or angular and
torn. Flesh white, waxy, soft. Spores white, globose, 4-5/i, 1-guttu-
late. The whole fungus turns brown in drying. Ditch sides, ground
beside stumps, and mosses. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1946. P. albus (Huds.) Fr. Albus, white.
P. 3-9 cm., white, becoming greyish, dimidiate, shell-shaped, smooth.
Tubes white, becoming reddish, short; orifice of pores white, then reddish,
small, round, becoming irregular. Flesh white, soft, zoned. Spores
"white, oval, 6ju,, punctate" Quel. Willows, and beeches. Nov. —
March. Rare.
1947. P. fumosus (Pers.) Fr. Fumosus, smoky.
P. 4-12 cm., pale ochraceous, then fuliginous, and becoming black at
the margin, dimidiate, adnate and dilated behind, imbricate, minutely
tomentose, becoming smooth. Tubes whitish cream, then smoky, short;
orifice of pores whitish, becoming fuliginous, minute, round. Flesh
whitish, firm, fibrous, somewhat zoned. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x
3-4/z, often with a basal apiculus. Smell strong, or none. Willows,
beeches, birches, and poplars. July — March. Common, (v.v.)
var. fragrans (Peck) Rea. Fragrans, scented.
Differs from the type in the sweet smell, and concolorous margin of
the p. Willow, and elm stumps. Sept. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1948. P. adustus (Willd.) Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 18, fig. 2.
Adustus, swarthy.
P. 3-7 cm., cinereous pallid, becoming black at the margin, effuso-
reflexed, dimidiate, orbicular, imbricate, sometimes entirely resupinate,
villose, obsoletely zoned, slightly wrinkled. Tubes cinereous, short;
orifice of pores at first whitish pruinose, soon cinereous fuscous,
588 POLYPORUS
becoming blackish when dry, minute, round, marginal ones obsolete
and leaving a whitish margin on the underside. Flesh white, then grey
or black, soft, floccose, pliant, 3-5 mm. thick. Spores white, elliptical,
4-5 x 2-5-3/x. Smell none, rarely fragrant. Trunks, stumps, and
fallen branches. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. crispus (Pers.) Quel. Kostk. Polyp, t. 37. Crispus, crisped.
Differs from the type in the lobed, crisped margin of the p., and the
larger, unequal pores becoming labyrinthiform. Stumps, and fallen
branches. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
ft Pores white.
*0rifice dentate.
1949. P. lacteus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 182, fig. 1. Lacteus, milk white.
P. 3-7 cm., shining white, triangular, transversely elongated,
sloping downwards, gibbous behind, pubescent, at length smooth and
uneven; margin inflexed, acute. Tubes white, 2-6 mm. long; orifice
of pores concolorous, medium sized, toothed, at length labyrinthiform
and torn into Sistotrema-like teeth. Flesh white, soft, fragile, generally
thinner than the length of the tubes. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-
shaped, 4-5 x 2-2-5/x,,' 1-guttulate. Taste astringent. Stumps, and
fallen branches. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1950. P. fragilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 182, fig. 2. Fragilis, brittle.
P. 3-6 cm., whitish, becoming spotted with fuscous when touched,
piano-depressed, reniform, dimidiate, sometimes attenuated behind
into a stem-like base and pendulous, convex beneath, villose, rugose.
Tubes whitish, 2-6 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming fuscous
when bruised, round, or angular, becoming sinuous and labyrinthi-
form, pubescent. Flesh white, becoming discoloured, fragile, fibrous.
Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 2-5-3/u,, 1-2-guttulate. Taste somewhat
bitter. Stumps, and branches of conifers. Aug. — Nov. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
1951. P. Wynnei B. & Br. Mrs Lloyd Wynne.
P. 1-6 cm., tan colour, sometimes whitish at first, effuso-reflexed,
adnate behind, confluent, incrusting, marked with silky raised lines.
Tubes white, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming tan colour
when dried, angular, fimbriate. Flesh white, soft, becoming hard and
fragile. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 3-4 x 2-3/u, 1-guttu-
late. Incrusting twigs, leaves, and branches. Sept. — Dec. Un-
common, (v.v.)
1952. P. mollis (Pers.) Fr. Mollis, soft.
P. 2-5-8 cm., white, becoming reddish when bruised or with age,
dimidiate, imbricate, rugose, silky, fibrillose; margin acute. Tubes
POLYPORUS 589
white, 3-10 mm. long; orifice of pores white, spotted with red when
touched, large, elongate, unequal, flexuose. Flesh white, becoming red-
dish when cut, soft, firm when dry, fragile, thick. Spores white, ellip-
tical, 5-6 x 2-3 JLI. Pine stumps. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1953. P. Keithii B. & Br. Rev. Dr James Keith.
P. 12 mm., bright red brown, shell-shaped, effuso-reflexed, narrowed
behind, rough with rigid, tooth-shaped processes. Tubes and pores
pallid, large, angular, lacerated. Spores "white, elliptical, 6 x 3 /A"
Massee. Fallen sticks. Eare.
1954. P. caesius (Schrad.) Fr. Caesius, bluish grey.
P. 1-8 cm., white, then tinged with bluish grey, dimidiate, often im-
bricate, rarely stipitate, sometimes resupinate, villose, or silky. Tubes
white, 3-9 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming bluish grey when
touched, small, unequal, flexuose, toothed. Flesh white, bluish when
broken, soft, watery, then firm. Spores pale blue, oblong, 4—5 x 1—
1-5/Lt, 1-guttulate, often curved. Stumps, and dead branches of coni-
fers, more rarely on deciduous trees. March— Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1955. P. trabeus Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 28. rpd^r/^, a beam.
P. 5-10 cm., white, becoming pallid, often tinged with ochre or bistre,
effuso-reflexed, transversely elongated, minutely pubescent, or smooth.
Tubes white, 2-6 mm. long; orifice of pores white, somewhat round, or
toothed and labyrinthiform. Flesh white, obsoletely zoned, floccose,
then firm. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/z. Conifers, and yews.
Oct.— Feb. Rare, (v.v.)
1956. P. destructor (Schrad.) Fr. Krombh. t. 5, fig. 8.
Destructor, destroyer.
P. 5-15 cm., fuscous whitish, effuso-reflexed, sometimes resupinate,
rugose, subundulate, pubescent. Tubes white, 3-8 mm. long; orifice
of pores white, becoming discoloured with age, somewhat round, toothed,
or torn. Flesh whitish, watery, fleshy, thick, zoned. Spores white,
subglobose, 3-4 x 3^i. Smell sometimes strong. Conifers, and worked
wood. May — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. undulatus (Fr.) Sacc. Undulatus, wavy.
Differs from the type in the broadly expanded, marginate, whitish
bay brown p.
**0rifice entire.
1957. P. epileucus Fr. eVtXeu/co?, whitish.
P. 7-12 cm., whitish, or yellowish, becoming ochraceous when dried,
dimidiate, pulvinate, concave below, villous-rugged. Tubes whitish,
4-18 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming yellowish, minute,
round. Flesh whitish, becoming yellowish, cheesy-soft, 2-5-5 cm. thick,
590 POLYPORUS
scarcely zoned. Spores white, oval, 4/i. Beech, birch, elm, poplar,
willow, and fir stumps. Sept. — Nov. Rare. (v.v.)
1958. P. spumeus (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. fung. t. 211.
Spumeus, frothy.
P. 7-16 cm., whitish, dimidiate, pulvinate, gibbous, rugosely hispid,
or floccose, becoming smooth; margin incurved. Tubes whitish, 2-
8 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming discoloured, minute,
round, or linear, separable. Flesh whitish, soft, becoming hard, and
discoloured, zoned towards the margin. Spores white, globose, 7-9 /A,
multi-guttulate. Beech, pear, apple, ash, hornbeam, elm, oak, willow,
and birch trunks and stumps. April — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
P. borealis Fr. = Daedalea borealis (Wahlenb.) Quel.
1959. P. tephroleucus Fr. Kostk. Polyp, t. 26.
5, ash-coloured; Xeu«6<?, white.
P. 5-10 cm., grey, triquetrous, applanate, often imbricate, plane
beneath, unequal, villose, becoming smooth; margin obtuse, flexuose,
often white, and becoming blackish when touched. Tubes white, 10-
15 mm. long; orifice of pores white, round, small, becoming toothed
and fimbriate. Flesh white, zoned with grey or bistre, subgelatinous,
soft, becoming firm and fragile. Spores white, allantoid, 4-5 x 1-
1-5/A, slightly curved. Beech, and pine stumps, and logs. Sept. —
Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1960. P. alutaceus Fr. Kostk. Polyp, t. 30, as Polyporus epixanthus
Kostk. Aluta, tanned leather.
P. 2-5-5 cm., tan, reniform, convex, or flattened, often connate,
subimbricate, plane beneath, somewhat velvety and rugose; margin
acute, even. Tubes whitish tan colour, 3-18 mm. long; orifice of pores
yellowish, minute, round. Flesh white, or yellowish, soft, then tough
and fragile, obsoletely zoned. Spores "with a slight ochraceous tinge,
subglobose, 4ju," Massee. Beech, and pine stumps and trunks. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon.
1961. P. stipticus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 181, fig. 2.
ffrvTTTiKos, astringent.
P. 3-6 cm., white, dimidiate, pulvinate, often imbricate, minutely
pubescent, becoming smooth; margin obtuse, becoming reddish. Tubes
white, 6-8 mm. long; orifice of pores at first with white milk-like drops,
becoming slightly rufescent when dry, small, round, or irregular. Flesh
white, soft, then hard, 1-5 cm. thick. Spores white, elliptical, 3-4 x
1-5/A, slightly curved, guttulate. Taste astringent. Pine trunks and
stumps. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
POLYPOBUS. SISTOTBEMA 591
1962. P. chioneus Fr. Pers. Myc. Eur. n, 1. 15, figs. 4, 5. xidav, snow.
P. 2-5 cm., white, dimidiate, sometimes constricted behind into a
stem-like base, becoming even, smooth; margin inflexed, thin, acute.
Tubes white, short; orifice of pores white, minute, round, becoming
toothed with age. Flesh white, soft, watery, then rigid. Spores
white, "elliptical oblong, 5 /A, incurved" Quel. Taste astringent.
Birch stumps, and fallen branches. June — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1963. P. pallescens Fr. Pallescens, growing pale.
P. 4-7-5 cm., yellowish, dimidiate, subcaespitose, even, smooth;
margin acute. Tubes white, short; orifice of pores white, becoming
yellowish, minute, round. Flesh yellowish, soft, then corky. Spores
"ellipsoid, 6-8 x 4/i" Sacc. Old stumps. Bare.
1964. P. albidus Trog. Schaeff. Icon. t. 124. AlUdus, whitish.
P. 6-10 cm., white, globose, shell-shaped, triquetrous, or sub-
applanate, sometimes slightly stalked, dry, dull smooth. Tubes white,
short; orifice of pores white, round, at length sinuate and splitting.
Flesh white, hard, corky- woody. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4 JJL.
Abies. Sept. — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
1965. P. cerebrums B. & Br. Cerebrinus, brain-like.
P. 2-5 cm., snow white, pulvinate, resupinate, delicately tomentose,
becoming smooth; margin crenate. Tubes and orifice of pores white,
rather large, round, entire, smooth. Flesh white, 6 mm. thick. Spores
"white, subfusiform, 5 x 2-5 /z" Massee. Fir. Aug. Rare.
Sistotrema (Pers.) Fr.
(cmo-ro?, shaking; rprjfjua, a hole.)
Pileus fleshy, hemispherical, spathulate, effuso-reflexed, or resupi-
nate. Stem central, lateral, or none. Tubes becoming broken up into
teeth, or plates, and anastomosing at the base. Flesh pale, or coloured.
Spores white, subglobose, oboval, or oblong; smooth, or echinulate;
basidia with 4-8-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Growing on the ground,
or on wood.
1966. S. confluens (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 169.
Confluens, confluent.
P. 1-2-5 cm., white, then yellowish, hemispherical, spathulate, or
irregular, horizontal, villose; margin often yellowish, flexuose. St.
•5-2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, or ochraceous, central, or lateral, often
connate, attenuated downwards, pruinose. Tubes concolorous, be-
coming broken up into teeth, or plates, flexuose, entire, or toothed,
pruinose. Flesh white, often yellowish at the base of the teeth, thin, firm.
Spores white, oval, subglobose, 4-5 x 3-4/u,, 1-multi-guttulate.
Coniferous woods. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
592 SISTOTREMA. FOMES
1967. S. sulphureuin (Quel.) Bourd. & Galz. Quel. Ass. fr. (1893),
t. in, fig. 10, as Daedalea sulphurea Quel.
Sulphur eum, sulphur colour.
P. 1-2 cm., whitish sulphur, or citron yellow, effused, little adnate;
margin concolorous, similar, or fibrillosely fringed. Spines sulphur,
then ochraceous orange, or tawny, apex white, pubescent, obtuse, scat-
tered, forming flexuose plates. Flesh concolorous, floccose, spider-
web-like, fibrillose, membranaceous, thin. Spores "light yellow, sub-
hyaline, at first smooth, then rough, spines hyaline, fugacious, oboval,
oblong, apiculate at the base" Bourd. & Galz. Bare earth, stones,
herbaceous roots and buried twigs. Jan. — Dec. (The type has not
yet been recorded for Britain.)
var. variecolor (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum variecolor Fr.)
Variecolor, of different colours.
Differs from the type in the white subiculum, the variable, scattered,
yellow, then tawny spines, and the oboval, echinulate spores, 7-8 x 4-6 /z,.
Dead oak stumps. Oct. Rare.
Fr.
(Fomes, tinder.)
Pileus hard, woody, or corky, dimidiate, hoof -shaped, or resupinate,
sessile, often concentrically zoned, and covered with a rigid crust.
Tubes homogeneous, or heterogeneous, often stratose. Flesh white,
or coloured. Spores white, or coloured, globose, subglobose, elliptical,
or elliptic-oblong, smooth. Cystidia present, or absent, coloured or
hyaline. Perennial. Growing on wood.
*Flesh deeply coloured.
1968. F. fomentarius (Linn.) Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 62.
Fomentum, touch- wood.
P. 10-60 cm., greyish, becoming hoary, hoof-shaped, or dimidiate,
attached by a broad base, 7-20 cm. thick, remotely and concentrically
sulcate, opaque, pruinose, cuticle thick and very hard. Tubes ferrugi-
nous, 1—3 cm. long, stratose ; orifice of pores glaucous pruinose, then
ferruginous, minute, round. Flesh dark brown, soft, floccose, very thick.
Spores hyaline, elliptic oblong, 16-18 x 5jii, 1-3-guttulate. Beeches,
oaks, limes, hornbeams, and birches. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. nigrescens (Klotzsch) Lloyd. Lloyd, Polyp. Issue, fig. 210.
Nigrescens, becoming black.
Differs from the type in its black, shining, strongly concentrically
sulcate crust. Beeches. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
FOMES 593
1969. F. igniarius (Linn.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 132.
Igniarius, belonging to fire.
P. 10-30 cm., floccosely hoary, then ferruginous, and at length black-
ish especially at the base, tuberculoso-globose, immarginate, hoof-
shaped, or flattened, rarely resupinate, covered with a very hard,
rough, uneven, often rimose cuticle; margin at first whitish, rounded,
obtuse. Tubes cinnamon, becoming whitish with deposits of lime with
age, 2-8 mm. long, stratose ; orifice of pores hoary, then cinnamon,
minute, round. Flesh dark brown, very hard, zoned. Spores hyaline,
globose, 5-7 /A, 1-multi-guttulate. Cystidia dark coloured, sparse,
subulate, base ventricose, 25-30 x 7-8/z. Willows, and occasionally
on ashes. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. nigricans (Fr.) Lloyd. Fr. Icon. t. 184, fig. 2.
Nigricans, blackish.
Differs from the type in the smooth, shining, black crust. Birches,
rarely on willows. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. roburneus (Fr.) Lloyd. Robur, oak.
Differs from the type in the slight, resinous exudation on the crust
and the strongly silvery, glancing orifice of the pores. Willows, and oaks.
Jan. — Dec. Rare.
1970. F. robustus Karst. (= Polyporus Hartigii Allesch.; Fomes
Hartigii (Allesch.) Sacc. & Trav.; Polyporus igniarius Linn. var.
Pinuum Bres.) Robustus, firm.
P. 10-40 cm., fuscous, becoming black with age, hoof -shaped, or sub-
hemispherical, sessile, remotely and concentrically sulcate; cuticle
concrete, rough, uneven, rigid, very hard, pilose at first, then glabrous,
cracked ; orifices of pores silvery white, then concolorous, minute, round.
Tubes rhubarb root colour, or pale fulvous, stratose, cylindrical. Flesh
concolorous with the tubes, very firm, zoned. Spores white, globose,
7-8 //,, with a large central gutta. Setae none. Abies pectinata and
oak. Jan. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1971. F. fulvus Fr. Fulvus, tawny.
P. 8—9 cm., tawny, at length becoming hoary, convex above and be-
low, adnate by a broad base, triangular in section, even, not con-
centrically sulcate, at first hairy, or villose. Tubes cinnamon, short,
not distinctly stratose ; orifice of pores at first covered with cinereous
yellow pruina, minute, round. Flesh very hard, woody-corky. On
decaying trunks, especially poplar. Oct. — March. Rare.
1972. F. salicinus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 185, fig. 1.
Salicinus, belonging to willows.
P. 5-30 cm. and more, cinnamon, then hoary, blackish bay at the
base, undulated, smooth, pubescent, for the most part resupinate, or
38
594 FOMES
in vertical positions incircled above with a narrow, undulated, short,
obtuse, spreading margin. Tubes ferruginous cinnamon, short; orifice
of pores silvery grey, glistening, minute, round. Flesh ferruginous
cinnamon, woody, thin. Spores yellowish tawny, "elliptical, 5 x 3 p.
Cystidia abundant, slightly thickened at the base, 12-35 x 6/x"
Massee. Willow trunks. Sept. — Oct. Common.
1973. F. conchatus (Pers.) Fr. KoyX1)' a mussel-shell.
P. 5-8 cm., date brown, effuso-reflexed, the reflexed portion somewhat
shell-shaped, concentrically sulcate, often imbricate, sometimes wholly
resupinate, tomentose; margin acute. Tubes cinnamon, short; orifice
of pores ashy pruinose, glistening, minute, round. Flesh light brown,
hard, corky. Spores ferruginous, subglobose, 5-6 x 4/u,, 1-guttulate.
Cystidia abundant, slightly thickened at the base, 15-30 x 7-9 /x.
Willows, and beeches. Feb. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1974. F. Ribis (Schum.) Fr. (= Polyporus pectinatus (Klotzsch)
Quel.) Ribes, currant.
P. 5—25 cm., ferruginous fuscous, bright yellow at the margin, be-
coming dark at the base, horizontal, imbricate, flattened, concentrically
zoned, velvety, strigose. Tubes cinnamon, 2-4 mm. long, often stra-
tose; orifice of pores yellow, then cinnamon, minute, round. Flesh
cinnamon, floccose, soft. Spores fuscous, globose, 3-4 x 3 /A, 1-guttu-
late. Currants, gooseberries, hawthorns, and spindle. Jan. — Dec
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
F. Euonymi (Kalchbr.) Cke. = Fomes Ribis (Schum.) Fr.
F. pectinatus (Klotzsch) Fr. = Fomes Ribis (Schum.) Fr.
1975. F. pomaceus (Pers.) Big. & Guill. Pomum, fruit.
P. 3-5 cm., fuscous, becoming cinereous, dimidiate, triquetrous, or
somewhat hoof-shaped, often subresupinate, delicately silky, or
almost smooth. Tubes cinnamon, 4-6 mm. long, stratose ; orifice of
pores whitish, then cinnamon, minute, round, pruinose. Flesh light
brown, firm, woody. Spores white, globose, 6 x 5-6/n. Cystidia abun-
dant, deep mahogany brown, apexhyaline,flask-shaped, 15-20 x 7-8 JLI.
Plums, rarely cherries. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. fulvus (Quel.) Rea. Fulvus, tawny.
Differs from the type in its brighter tawny colour, and more tomentose
p. Plums. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1976. F. ferruginosus (Schrad.) Massee. (= Poriaferruginosa (Schrad.)
Fr.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 155, as Polyporus ferruginosus.
Ferruginosus, iron rust colour.
P. 1-3 cm., bright ferruginous brown, becoming dusky ferruginous,
effuso-reflexed, imbricate, often entirely resupinate, subtomentose,
FOMES 595
rough; margin sterile. Tubes cinnamon, 2-6 mm. long, stratose; orifice
of pores ferruginous, round, torn. Flesh pale ferruginous, fibrous, firm.
Spores white, subglobose, 3-5 /n. Cystidia deep mahogany brown,
apex paler, acutely conical, 30-52 x 6-9 /A. Logs, fallen branches,
and posts. Sept. — May. Common, (v.v.)
1977. F. resupinatus (Bolt.) Massee. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 165, as
Boletus resupinatus Bolt. Resupinatus, supine.
P. 1-2 cm., ferruginous, nodulose, often imperfect, commonly en-
tirely resupinate. Tubes ferruginous, 2— 5 mm. long; orifice of pores
concolorous, minute, round. Flesh concolorous, thin, fibrous. Spores
"colourless, elliptical, 4 x 1-5 /x. Cystidia none" Massee. Trunks,
and fallen branches. Feb. Uncommon.
F. obliquus (Pers.) Fr. = Poria obliqua (Pers.) Quel.
**Flesh white, pallid, rosy, or violet.
1978. F. ulmarius (Sow.) Fr. (= Polyporus incanus Quel.) Hussey,
lUus. Brit. Myc. t. 64. Ulmus, elm.
P. 7—30 cm., white, becoming yellowish and discoloured with age,
effused, flattened, incrusted, tubercular, becoming smooth; margin
obtuse, sometimes free. Tubes cinnamon, 5—20 mm. long, stratose ;
orifice of pores whitish, becoming yellowish, minute, round. Flesh
white, becoming yellowish with age., corky- woody, very hard. Spores
white, globose, 6-7 /A, 1-guttulate. At the base of old elms, and elm
stumps, rarely higher up. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1979. F. fraxineus (Bull.) Fr. (= Polyporus incanus Quel.; Polyporus
cytisinus Berk.) Fraxinus, an ash tree.
P. 7-25 cm., whitish, becoming rubiginous and fuscous, applanate,
dimidiate, sometimes imbricate, glabrous, often coarsely tuberculated ;
margin incurved, pubescent at first. Tubes pale cinnamon, 5-25 mm.
long, stratose ; orifice of pores white, becoming greyish, minute, round,
or oblong. Flesh yellowish, somewhat zoned, soft, becoming hard and
woody. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 x 6/i. Smell often strong.
Ashes, and laburnums. Jan. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
F. cytisinus (Berk.) Massee = Fomes fraxineus (Bull.) Fr.
1980. F. annosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 186, fig. 2. Annosus, full of years.
P. 7-45 cm., bay brown, becoming blackish, convex, then becoming
plane, imbricate, sometimes resupinate, rugoso-tubercular, sulcately
zoned, silky, then with a rigid, smooth crust; margin at first white,
thin. Tubes yellowish, 4-8 mm. long, stratose ; orifice of pores whitish,
round, or polygonal, obtuse. Flesh white, or yellowish, soft, becoming
hard. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5 x 4/z,, 1-guttulate. At the base
38—2
596 FOMES
of conifer trunks, and on felled and worked conifer wood, rarely on
frondose trees, and wood. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1981. F. castaneus Fr. Castaneus, chestnut.
P. 4-5 cm., chestnut, reniform, or applanate, imbricate, connate at
the base, 4 mm. thick, smooth, glabrous. Tubes yellowish, short; orifice
of pores yellowish, becoming fuscous, minute, round. Flesh white,
coriaceous woody. Taste pleasant, bitter. Black poplar. Rare.
1982. F. carneus Nees. (= Fomes roseus (A. & S.) Fr. sec. Bres.)
Carneus, flesh colour.
P. 5-15 cm., flesh colour, effuso-reflexed, or dimidiate, imbricate,
rarely solitary, rugose, smooth. Tubes pale flesh colour, short, stratose ;
orifice of pores concolorous, minute, round. Flesh concolorous, thin,
woody, hard. Trunks, stumps, junipers and Picea. Nov. Rare.
1983. F. roseus (A. & S.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 186, fig. 1, as Polyporus
rufopallidus Trog. Roseus, rose-coloured.
P. 5-10 cm., rose colour, then reddish and finally blackish brown,
hoof-shaped, triangular, sulcately zoned when old, crust thin, pruinose.
Tubes rose colour, short, stratose ; orifice of pores concolorous, minute,
round. Flesh rose colour, corky -woody, hard. Spores white, " oblong,
10 x 4/n" Lloyd. Caespitose. On worked wood. Sept. Rare.
1984. F. connatus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 157. Connatus, connate.
P. 2-10 cm., white, becoming cinereous or blackish with age, dimidiate,
densely imbricated, villose. Tubes white, then ochraceous, 1-3 mm. long,
stratose; orifice of pores white, glistening, minute, round. Flesh white,
becoming ochraceous, hard, woody, sometimes slightly zoned. Spores
white, globose, 5-6 /i, with a large central gutta. Cystidia hyaline,
capitate, 10/x wide. Poplars, elms, limes, and apple trees. Jan. —
Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1985. F. populinus Fr. Populus, poplar.
P. 1*5-5 cm., white, dimidiate, imbricate, connate at the base,
villose; margin obtuse. Tubes white, short; orifice of pores white,
minute, round. Flesh white, corky-woody, rigid. Spores "globose,
hyaline, 3-4/u, diam." Sacc. Black and white poplars and Robinia,
July — Jan. Rare, (v.v.)
1986. F. variegatns (Seer.) Fr. (= Ganoderma resinaceum Boud. sec.
Lloyd.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 368, as Polyporus variegatus.
Variegatus, variegated.
P. 7-12 cm., orange, variegated with bay, dimidiate, somewhat flat-
tened, imbricate, even, smooth, shining; margin wavy. Tubes yellow-
ish, short; orifice of pores yellowish, minute, round, unequal, torn.
Flesh pallid, corky-woody. Trunks. Rare.
GANODERMA 597
Ganoderma (Karst.) Pat.
(ydvos, shining; Sep/jui, skin.)
Pileus corky, stipitate, or sessile, covered with a resinous, laccate
crust. Stem lateral, rarely central, or none. Tubes heterogeneous,
often stratose. Flesh coloured. Spores coloured, elliptical, ovate
oblong, or obovate, truncate at the base, smooth, punctate, verrucose,
or echinulate, thick-walled. Cystidia none, or very rare. Annual or
perennial. Growing on wood, rarely on the ground.
*Spores verrucose.
1987. G. lucidnm (Leyss.) Karst. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 245, as
Polyporus lucidus. Lucidus, shining.
P. 5-28 cm., light yellow, becoming blood-red-chestnut, more or less
reniform, sometimes flabelliform, rarely orbicular, or imbricate and
sessile, polished, shining, sulcato-rugose. St. 5-18 x 1-5 cm., con-
colorous and shining like the p., lateral, rarely central, sometimes
wanting, rugose. Tubes white, then cinnamon, adnate, 4-12 mm. long;
orifice of pores white, becoming discoloured, minute, round. Flesh
whitish, at length reddish, spongy, becoming corky and woody, zoned.
Spores brown, minutely verrucose, elliptical, truncate at the base,
10-12 x 6-8 n, with a large central gutta. At the base and roots of
elms, oaks, hornbeams, and also in peat beds. July — April. Common.
(**)
1988. G. applanatum (Pers.) Pat. (= Polyporus applanatus (Pers.)
Fr.) Applanatum, flattened.
P. 10-40 cm., cinnamon, margin white, becoming hoary, and often
dusted with the spores, dimidiate, or orbicular, often imbricate,
attached by a broad base, flattened, tubercular, obsoletely zoned, pul-
verulent, or smooth, covered with a laccate crust. Tubes ferruginous,
1-4 cm. long, stratose ; orifice of pores white, becoming fuscous when
bruised, minute, round, or angular. Flesh cinnamon, becoming paler,
very firm, thick. Spores ferruginous, minutely echinulate, broadly
elliptical, truncate at the base, 9-13 x 6-8/n, 1-guttulate. Beeches,
oaks, and ashes. July — March. Common, (v.v.)
var. vegetum (Fr.) Komell. Vegetum, vigorous.
Differs from the type in the white mycelial layer interposed between
each stratum of the tubes. Limes, and elms. Jan. — Dec. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
var. laccatum (Kalchbr.) Rea. (= Polyporus resinosus (Schrad.)
Quel.) Lac, a resinous excretion left by the lac insect.
Differs from the type in the yellow orifice of the pores. Beeches.
July — Oct. Not uncommon (v.v.)
598 GANODERMA. PORIA
**Spores smooth.
1989. G. australe (Fr.) Pat. (= Polyporus australis Fr. ; Polyparus
vegetus Fr. sec. Pat.) Australe, southern.
P. 15-30 cm. and more, deep umber chestnut, or paler, convexo-
plane, dimidiate, sessile, incrusted on the surface with a sticky
resinous coating, which dries up into tubercular ridges, and becomes
laccate and shining; margin sterile. Tubes reddish umber, 2-3 cm. or
more long, stratose; orifice of pores white, then fuscous, minute, round.
Flesh dark umber chestnut, soft, very thin, 2-4 mm. thick. Smell aro-
matic. Spores ochraceous, broadly elliptical, truncate at the base,
10-12 x 7-8/x, 1-guttulate. Elms. Aug. — May. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1990. G. resinaceum Boud. Resina, resin.
P. 15-30 cm., yellow, white at the margin, becoming blood-red-umber-
chestnut, and finally concolorous, semicircular, somewhat flattened,
sessile, rarely stalked, or imbricate, concentrically sulcate, the primary
furrows wide, becoming shallower and more crowded with age, viscid,
then varnished, very shining, becoming duller and dusted with the
spores; margin at first delicately pruinose and rounded, becoming
glabrous and more acute. Tubes fuscous cinnamon, -5-3 cm. long,
stratose; orifice of pores white, then fuscous cinnamon, minute, round
Flesh pale cinnamon, becoming paler, thick, soft. Spores fuscous, ovate
oblong, or obovate, truncate at the base, 10-12 x 6-8/A, eguttulate,
or 1-guttulate, epispore thick. Oaks, beeches, and pines. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Poria (Pers.) Fr.
(Tropo?, a pore.)
Pileus membranaceous, coriaceous, or corky, entirely resupinate.
Tubes round, or angular, often directly inserted on the mycelium.
Spores white, or coloured, elliptical, pruniform, globose, subglobose,
obovate, elliptic oblong, or cylindrical; smooth, or punctate. Cystidia
present, or absent, hyaline, rarely coloured. Growing on wood, rarely
on the ground.
I. Fleshy, soft; pores minute, equal, round.
*Pores persistently white, or at length becoming
yellowish or reddish.
1991. P. vulgaris Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 60, as Polyporus vulgaris Fr.
Vulgaris, common.
P. 1-30 cm., white, sometimes yellowish, broadly effused, consisting
almost entirely of the pores, thin, 1 mm. thick, arid, closely adnate,
inseparable, minutely tomentose; margin smooth. Pores white, glisten-
ing, 1-2 mm. long, very small, round, subequal, sometimes oblique
PORIA 599
and gaping open. Spores white, "ovoid pruniform, 6/n" Quel.,
"allantoid, 4—6 x 1-25— 1*5 /i, hymenial hyphae firm, undulate, not
fibulate, 2-4 /A broad" Eomell. Dead wood, and branches of frondose
trees. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
1992. P. mollusca (Pers.) Fr. Mollusca, soft.
P. 1-11 cm., white, sometimes yellowish, effused, thin, soft; margin
white, byssoid, radiately fibrillose. Pores white, then pale ochraceous,
•5-1 mm. long, often confined to the centre, or here and there in
patches, very small, thin, round, unequal, torn. Spores subglobose,
4 x 3-5/i. Stumps, dead wood, and branches of conifers, and on
dead leaves. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
1993. P. hybrida (B. & Br.) Massee. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 289, and
t. 387, fig. 6, as Boletus hybridus Sow. Hybrida, a mongrel.
P. 1-18 cm., white; mycelium thick, forming a dense membrane or
creeping branched strings. Pores white, 2—4 mm. long, in scattered
patches, slender, minute. Spores "colourless, elliptic-oblong, 4 x 2ju,"
Massee. Oak wood, causing the dry rot of ships. Jan. — Dec. Rare.
1994. P. medulla-panis (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 190, fig. 2, as Polyporus
medulla panis (Jacq.). Medulla, pith, crumb; panis, bread.
P. 5-10 cm., white, becoming yellowish, effused, consisting almost
entirely of the pores, determinate, subundulate, firm, separable,
smooth ; margin naked, distinct. Pores white, 2-4 mm. long, straight,
or oblique, medium sized, entire, pruinose. Spores white, elliptical,
3-4 x 1-5-2/Lt. Rotten wood, and dead branches of frondose trees,
rarely on the ground. Sept. — Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1995. P. mucida (Pers.) Fr. (= Irpex obliquus (Schrad.) Fr. & sec.
Bourd. & Maire.) Mucida, mucid.
P. 2-15 cm., white, becoming pale, effused, rather thick, up to 12 mm.
in depth, subimmersed, soft; margin white, indeterminate, byssoid.
Pores white, then pale ochraceous, 1-3 mm. long, medium sized (seated
on the crust formed of the mycelium), round, unequal, torn. Spores
white, "5-6 x 3-4 p," Karst. Stumps, and dead branches of conifers.
Oct. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
1996. P. vitrea (Pers.) Fr. Vitrea, glassy.
P. 1-10 cm., whitish, subhy aline, waxy, broadly and unequally
effused, 2-4 mm. or more thick, subundulate, indeterminate; margin
shining white, thin, villose. Mycelium forming a woody stroma, tough
and separable. Pores whitish, hyaline, -5-2 mm. long, straight, or
oblique, very small, round, obtuse, entire. Spores "globose, ocellate,
hyaline, 4/x; or ovoid, 4 x 2-5/x," Bres. Rotten beech trunks, rarely
on dead fir wood. Aug. — March. Uncommon, (v.v.)
600 PORIA
1997. P. gilvescens Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text figs. p. 321.
Gilvescens, becoming pale yellow.
P. 6—7 cm., white, then flesh coloured, at length brownish, effused,
bleeding, waxy, fleshy, then slightly coriaceous, contracted and in-
rolled when dry (often tubercularly nodular and Ptychogaster-like) ;
margin persistently white, tomentose. Pores white, becoming yellowish
flesh coloured or reddish, 2—8 mm. long, angular, orifice pulverulent,
often oblique, soft, subfleshy. Spores hyaline, cylindric-curved, 4-5-
5 x 1-5-2/x. Basidia clavate, 12-16 x 4/u,. Subhymenial hyphae
hyaline, 2-5-3-5/x in diam., thick or thin walled, gelatinous. Hyphae
of pore walls yellowish, 3/i in diam., often incrusted with mineral
matter. Beech stumps. Oct. — Dec. Rare, (v.v.)
**Pores yellowish.
1998. P. nitida (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 160. Nitida, shining.
P. 3—10 cm., whitish, then yellowish orange, effused, thin, subadnate,
subundulate, determinate; margin villose. Pores white, then yellowish
orange, shining, curt, sometimes stratose, minute, round, equal. Spores
whitish, tinged yellowish, oblong, 8-9 x 3-5-4/1. Dead wood, and
branches of willow, aspen, and chestnut. Nov. — May. Rare.
1999. P. Laestadii Fr. & Berk. C. P. Laestadius.
P. 5-20 cm., bright yellow, effused, forming confluent patches,
2-4 mm. thick, separable, tubercular. Pores bright lemon yellow, very
short, sometimes stratose, round, or elongate and curved. Flesh
white, very brittle, compact. Spores "5 x 2-5/i" Massee. Underside
of deal boards in a hot-house. Aug. Rare.
2000. P. eupora Karst. (= Poria nitida (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.)
«5, typical; iropo<s, a pore.
P. 2-15 cm., bright buff, or yellow, effused, adherent, or adnate, thin,
somewhat shining; margin white, byssoid, at length free, glabrous.
Pores bright buff or yellow, short, minute, round or subangular. Spores
hyaline, elliptical, 3-4 x 1-5-2 /LI. "Cystidia hyaline, clavate, 15-
105 x 6-15/u-, upper part incrustate and verruculose" Romell. De-
corticated logs, and branches. June — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2001. P. cincta Berk. Cincta, girded.
P. 3-9 cm., white, turning pallid, or pale ochraceous and more or less
tawny when dry, forming small, erect, scattered tufts, each surrounded by
radiating, strigose fibres, at length confluent, up to 3 mm. thick in the
centre of the tufts. Pores pallid ochraceous, darker when dry, 2-4 mm.
long, extremely minute, scarcely visible to the naked eye, angular,
dissepiments extremely thin, edge ragged. Spores "colourless, sub-
globose, 4-5 /A" Massee. Old deal boards. Rare.
PORIA 601
2002. P. callosa Fr. Callum, hardened skin.
P. 2-9 cm., white, broadly effused, 2-4 mm. thick, even, tough,
entire, separable, like soft leather. Pores white, hyaline, firm, round,
equal, quite entire, obtuse. Spores hyaline, "obliquely elliptical,
6 x 3-5/1," Massee. Eotten wood, and branches. April — May. Un-
common, (v.v.)
2003. P. obducens (Pers.) Fr. Obducens, covering over.
P. 2-8 cm., white, effused, incrusting, innate, inseparable, firm.
Pores pallid tan, 2 mm. long, distinctly stratose, very small, round,
equal. Spores hyaline, "elliptical, 4 x 2 /A" Massee, "subglobose,
4/u,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia with incrusted top, 12-15 x 9-15/A, or
when the crust is removed, 4-5-7 fj, broad. Hyphae 3/z broad, not
fibulate" Romell. Old stumps, and rotten branches of oak, elm, ash,
pear, and maple. July — Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
***Pores flesh colour.
2004. P. placenta Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 188, fig. 3, as Polyporus placenta Fr.
Placenta, a flat-cake, placenta.
P. 5-20 cm., rosy flesh colour, widely effused, rather thick, soft,
separable; margin white, byssoid, sterile. Pores rosy flesh colour,
fuscous when dry, 2-6 mm. long, angular, unequal, irregularly stratose.
Smell very pleasant. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x SJJL, minutely
punctate. Larch stumps. Aug. — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
2005. P. rhodella Fr. pooov, a rose
P. 5-11 cm., white flesh colour, effused, thin, adnate, soft; margin
determinate, naked. Pores white flesh colour, short, minute, somewhat
round, pruinose, continuous, or in patches. Spores hyaline, "ovoid
spherical, 6/u," Quel. Beech, and conifer trunks. Aug. Rare.
****Pores red.
2006. P. tufa (Schrad.) Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 62, as Polyporus haema-
todus Rostk. Rufa, red.
P. 2-8 cm., blood-red-rufous, effused, coriaceous, thin, adnate, even,
smooth, determinate; margin byssoid when young. Pores concolorous,
very small, thin, acute. Dead branches, and prostrate trunks of
beech, broom, and bird cherry. Rare.
2007. P. fusco-carnea (Pers.) Fr. Fuscus, dusky; carnea, flesh colour.
P. 5-15 cm., fuscous purple, effused, thin; margin definite, here and
there inflexed, thick, tomentose. Pores fawn colour, or vinous brown,
1-5-4 mm. long, somewhat round. Rotten wood, and putrid trunks.
Rare
602 POEIA
*****Pores ferruginous.
2008. P. umbrina Fr. Kostk. Polyp, t. 27, fig. 6, as Polyporus ferrugi-
nosus Fr. Umbrina, umber-coloured.
P. 5-8 cm., rufous umber, effused, up to 12 mm. thick, determinate,
undulato-tubercular; margin paler, distinct, smooth. Pores concolorous,
2-4 mm. long, minute, somewhat round, unequal. Spores hyaline,
"ovoid, 6-7 /A" Quel. Trunks, and dead wood. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
II. Flesh thin ; pores unequal, angular, or rather large.
*Pores white, or yellowish, and becoming yellowish red or greenish.
2009. P. radula (Pers.) Fr. Radula, a rasp.
P. 2—8 cm., white, effused, thin, made up of the naked, tomentose
mycelium, closely compacted, soft, separable, villose beneath. Pores
white, then yellowish, -5—2 mm. long, sometimes oblique, medium sized,
angular, toothed, pubescent when young. Spores white, elliptical,
5-6 x 3-4/i, 1-guttulate. Dead branches, and bark of willow, oak,
aspen, hornbeam, beech, and fir. Aug. — March. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2010. P. vaporaria (Pers.) Fr. Vaporarium, a steam pipe.
P. 5-10 cm., white, effused, innate, inseparable, the white floccose
mycelium creeping into the wood. Pores white, then cream colour,
•5-1 mm. long, large, angular, toothed, forming a continuous, firm, per-
sistent stratum. Spores white, "allantoid, 6 x 1-5-2 /x" Romell. Dead
branches, and worked wood of conifers. Jan. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. secernibilis B. & Br. Secernibilis, separable.
Differs from the type in being separable. Shining white, becoming
honey colour when dry. Fir leaves under moss. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
2011. P. Eyrei Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 14.
Rev. W. L. W. Eyre, a former president of the British Myco-
logical Society.
P. 3-10 cm., yellowish, effused; margin subtomentose, soon similar;
subiculum very thin, scarcely visible. Pores concolorous, 1 mm. long,
straight, or oblique, oblong, or sinuate, entire. Spores hyaline, 06-
ovate, 4-5 x 3-3*5 p,, 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, 12-15 x 4 /A. Cystidia
clavate, or fusoid-ventricose, 15-18 x 4-5/Lt; hyphae septate, often
nodular on one side, 2-3/x thick. Oak wood. May. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2012. P. sericeo-mollis Romell. Romell, in Arkiv f. Bot. xi, t. 2,
fig. 7, and Svensk Bot. Tidsk. 1912, Bd. 6, H. 3, fig. 4.
Sericeus, silky; mollis, soft.
P. 1-4 cm., white, effused, very soft, 1-3 mm. thick, loosely ad-
herent; margin often separating and reflexed, incurved when dry.
PORIA 603
Pores white, at length somewhat cream, or pallid, usually angular,
variable in diameter. Spores white, 4-6 x 2-3 /z; basidia 4-spored,
20 x 5/z,; hyphae septate, with clamp connections. Rotten coniferous
wood. Nov. — Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.) "Some specimens which
seem to belong to this species are partly or totally reduced into a
floccose-pulveraceous state of sulphurous or pallid colour, which con-
tains abundant subglobose or ellipsoidal, apparently asperulate, 1-
guttulate, chlamydospores 5-7-5 x 4-5/z, not unlike those of Ptycho-
gaster albus, though more hyaline1." "The conidia are smooth, not
asperulate, but have granular contents, which give a rough appear-
ance" Wakefield & Pearson.
2013. P. rancida Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 208, fig. 1.
Rancida, stinking.
P. 2-8 cm., white, then pale tan colour, effused, coriaceous; margin
subfimbriate, at length separating; subiculum thin, submembrana-
ceous. Pores concolorous, 2-4 mm. long, round, oblong, or subangular,
entire, or at length torn. Spores hyaline, cylindrical, somewhat
curved, 5-7 x 2-5-'75/n; basidia clavate, 15-18 x 4-6 /z; hyphae thin,
2-5-4 \L thick. Smell strong, of rancid meal. Larch, and pine bark and
needles. Sept. Rare.
2014. P. hibemiea B. & Br. Hibernica, Irish.
P. 2-8 cm., white, broadly effused, orbicular, then confluent, adnate,
inseparable; margin narrow, thin, tomentose. Pores white, very short,
small, angular, dissepiments somewhat rigid, almost entire. Spores
white, "elliptical, 5 x 3/z" Massee. Decorticated branches of pine.
Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
2015. P. Gordoniensis B. & Br. Marchioness of Huntly.
P. 2-5 cm., persistently shining white, effused, superficial, membrana-
ceous, very thin, separable; margin shortly fringed. Pores shining white,
becoming faintly yellowish white, minute, unequal, angular, dissepiments
very thin, fimbriato-toothed. Pine poles. Feb. Rare.
2016. P. Vafflantii (DC.) Fr. (= Porothelium Vaillantii (Fr.) Quel.)
Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 326.
Sebastian Vaillant, a French mycologist.
P. 2-15 cm., white, or slightly rufescent, broadly effused, thin, trans-
lucid, the free mycelium resulting in root-like ribs which are somewhat
united by a membrane. Pores white, here and there crowded together,
curt, rather large, thin, unequal. Spores "hyaline, elliptical,
4-6 x 2-3 /z" Karst. Dead wood, and on the ground. April — Oct.
Rare.
1 " I am still not fully satisfied that the chlamydosporic specimens really
belong here" Romell, S.B.T. p. 643.
604 POBIA
2017. P. sanguinolenta (A. & S.) Fr. Sanguinoknta, bloody.
P. 2-10 cm., whitish, bleeding when touched, nodulose, soon con-
fluent, effused, soft; margin flaxy, soon vanishing. Pores white, blood
red when touched, 1-3 mm. long, somewhat round, unequal; orifice
pubescent, pruinose, at length torn. Spores white, oblong, 4—6 x
1-5-2/x, 2-guttulate. Smell strong. Dead wood, branches, and rails.
Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2018. P. bombycina Fr. (= Trametes bombycina (Fr.) Quel.) Sow.
Eng. Fung. t. 387, fig. 5, as Boletus terrestris.
Bombycina, silky.
P. 2-7 cm., dingy yellowish, effused, silky-membranaceous, adhering
laxly; margin spider-web-velvety. Pores whitish cream, then pale
ochraceous, somewhat round, becoming angular and flexuose, large.
Spores straw colour, "elliptic oblong, 6-7 x 4/x"Massee. Dead wood.
Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2019. P. hymenocystis B. & Br.
vfirfv, a membrane; KIKTTIS, bladder.
P. 1—10 cm., snow-white, effused, very thin, arachnoid', margin
minutely byssoid, almost indeterminate. Pores white, then pallid,
large, scarious dissepiments collapsing. Spores white, rough, subglo-
bose, 3 x 2/x,, 1-guttulate. "Hyphae soft, fibulate, 2-3 //, broad"
Romell. Dead wood. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2020. P. aneirina (Sommerf.) Fr. (= Trametes aneirina (Sommerf.)
Quel.) a, not; elpiveos, woolly.
P. 1-10 cm., white, effused, orbicular, then confluent, thin, sub-
innate; margin byssoid. Pores white, then tawny or fulvous, large, cell-
like, waxy, angular, often exactly hexagonal, acute, smooth. Spores
"obovate, 5-6 x 3-5-4-5/Li" Bres. Dead branches of poplar, and
willow. Oct. Rare.
2021. P. ramentacea B. & Br. Ramentum, chips.
P. 2-3 cm., white, effused, suborbicular ; margin obsolete; subiculum
white, tomentose, cartilaginous and horny when dry. Pores honey
colour, large, -5-- 75 mm. across, subhexagonal, dissepiments thin,
slightly rigid, acute. Spores white, "6 x 3fi" Massee. Dead pine
branches. Sept. Rare.
2022. P. viridans Berk. Viridans, becoming green.
P. 2-6 cm., white, becoming pallid green when dry, effused, crustaceo-
adnate, thin; margin pulverulento-tomentose. Pores white, becoming
pallid green, minute, angular, dissepiments very thin. Spores white,
elliptical, 4-5 x 2-5/u. Rotten wood, and sticks. Sept. — Dec. Rare.
(v.v.)
PORIA 605
2023. P. Rennyi B. & Br.
James Renny, an eminent English mycologist.
P. 2-6 cm., white, becoming lemon yellow when dry, at first forming
a thick, somewhat frothy, then pulverulent mass. Pores white, then
yellowish, 2-3 mm, long, sparingly produced, dissepiments thin.
Spores "colourless, elliptical, 3 x 1-5 ju," Massee. Pine stumps, and
on the ground. Oct. — Nov. Rare.
**Pores flesh colour.
2024. P. incarnate (A. & S.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 189, fig. 1, as Polyporus
incarnatus Fr. Incarnata, flesh colour.
P. 2-5-10 cm., flesh colour, effused, corky-coriaceous, persistent,
firm, smooth; margin white, silky, often shortly reflexed. Pores flesh
colour, long, unequal, round, or angular, generally oblique. Spores
"elongate, hyaline, 7x2/7," Bres. in Sacc. "Basidia ovoid, sub-
globose. Cystidia colourless, terminating in a small point" Pat.
Rotten conifer trunks. June — Nov. Rare.
2025. P. niicans (Ehrenb.) Fr. Micans, sparkling.
P. 2-8 cm., whitish flesh colour, effused, suborbicular, becoming con-
fluent, thin, adnate, soft, fugacious; margin white, byssoid. Pores
whitish flesh colour, very shallow, very thin, resembling honeycomb,
angular, subcrenate. Spores white, sausage-shaped, 7—8 x 3jLt. Dead
wood, and rotten trunks. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
***Pores violaceous, or purple.
2026. P. violacea (A. & S.) Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 27, fig. 3, as Boletus
purpureus Fr. Violacea, violet colour.
P. 2-10 cm., violaceous, effused, determinate, waxy gelatinous, thin,
closely adnate, even, smooth, destitute of a distinct subiculum. Pores
violaceous, translucid, very shallow, cellular, or veined, quite entire.
Spores tinged yellowish, punctate, elliptical, 7 x 4-4-5ju. Fir stumps,
trunks and poles. Aug. — May. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2027. P. purpurea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 189, fig. 2, as Polyporus rhodellus
Fr. Purpurea, purple.
P. 10-30 cm., purple lilac, very broadly and widely effused, the
mucedinous, flocculose, white mycelium creeping over the surface of
rotten wood ; margin white, silky. Pores purple lilac, 1-2 mm. long,
minute, unequal, round, or angular, interruptedly scattered, or con-
glomerate. Spores "ellipsoid-oblong, cylindric, curved, 6-7 x 2/u."
Sacc. Decayed trunks and stumps of beech, willow, oak, and alder.
Oct — Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
606 PORIA
III. Effused, dry, tough; pores rather large, rigid, roundish, angular.
*Pores whitish, or greyish brown.
2028. P. corticola Fr. Cortex, bark; colo, I inhabit.
P. 2-8 cm., white, becoming pale, widely effused, equal, firm,
smooth; mycelium forming a bare, xylostramatoid layer. Pores whitish,
very minute, superficial, often obsolete, punctiform. Bark of poplar,
beech, willow, oak, birch, and fir. Rare.
P. sinuosa Fr. = Trametes sinuosa (Fr.) Quel.
2029. P. subfusco-flavida (Eostk.) Massee. Rostk. Polyp, t. 27, fig. 11,
as Polyporus subfusco-fiavidus Rostk.
Subfuscus, somewhat dusky ; fiavida, yellowish.
P. 6—30 cm., white, then light yellow fuscous, broadly effused, be-
coming confluent, thin, coriaceous, arid, adnate; margin white, byssoid,
determinate, thin. Pores greyish brown, or whitish, minute, irregular.
Dead oak wood, and planks. Rare.
**Pores brown, or cinnamon.
2030. P. obliqua (Pers.) Quel. (= Fomes obliquus (Pers.) Fr.) Fr.
Icon. 1. 188, fig. 1, as Polyporus obliquus Fr. Obliqua, slanting.
P. 5-10 cm., pallid, then date brown, becoming blackish, widely
spreading, throwing off the bark, very thin, coriaceous corky ; margin
often refiexed, wrinkled, and laciniate. Pores brown, 2-5 mm. long,
extending to the wood, pervious to the base, often oblique; orifice of
the pores grey, glistening, very small, obtuse, subpentagonal, some-
times obscurely stratose. Spores white, globose, 4-5/z. Trunks, and
dead branches, under the bark, especially beech. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
P. ferruginosa (Schrad.) Fr. = Fomes ferruginosus (Schrad.) Massee.
P. resupinata (Bolt.) W. G-. Sm. = Fomes resupinatus (Bolt.) Massee.
2031. P. contigua (Pers.) Fr. Contigua, touching together.
P. 6-8 cm., cinnamon, becoming dingy, effused, firm, 12 mm. thick,
smooth, submarginate; margin at first villose; mycelium ochraceous.
Pores cinnamon, rather large, round, equal, obtuse, entire. Spores
"cylindrical, hyaline, often 1-guttulate, 5-7 x 3-3-5/n" Sacc. Rotten
wood, and sticks. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
2032. P. laevigata Fr. Laevigata, made smooth.
P. 2-6 cm., cinnamon, broadly effused, coriaceous rigid, determinate,
not marginate, separating when old, smooth, very glabrous, with a rigid
cuticle underneath, 1-2 mm. thick. Pores cinnamon, very minute,
round, entire. Spores white, "3-5 x 3-4 p. Cystidia like those in Fomes
igniarius " Romell. Fallen birch branches. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
PORIA 607
IV. Unequally effused, membranaceous, thin, mostly incrusting;
pores rather large, very short, often vein-like.
2033. P. reticulate (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 190, fig. 3, as Polyporus
reticulatus Fr. Reticulata, netted.
P. 2-10 cm., snow white, becoming pallid, orbicular, thin, fugacious ;
margin byssoid, radiating. Pores white, then yellowish, distant, cup-
shaped. Spores "allantoid, 7-9 x 2-3 /u~ Hyphae fragile, not fibulate,
4— 5/u, broad" Romell. Rotten wood. Jan. — Dec. Uncommon.
2034. P. farinella Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text figs. p. 321.
Farinella, mealy.
P. 1-11 cm., snow white, widely effused, very thin, fugacious when
touched; mycelium naked, flocculoso-pulverulent, not interwoven.
Pores white, thin, shallow, continuous, unequal, hexagonal, sub-
flexuose, intricate. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 6-7 x 3-3-5/u,,
1-2-guttulate, "cylindrical, curved, 8-9 x 2-2 -5 p. Hyphae rather
straight, 4-5 /x in diam., no clamp connections" Wakef. & Pears.
Dead wood, and logs of beech, lime, and fir. July — April. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
2035. P. collabefacta B. & Br. Collabefacta, brought to ruin.
P. 2-8 cm., white, forming Corticium-li^e patches, quite smooth;
margin obtuse. Pores white, arising from the mere collapsing of the
substance, shallow, obtuse. Spores "colourless, elliptic-oblong, 4 x
1-5 /*" Massee. Dead wood. Oct. Rare.
2036. P. blepharistoma B. & Br. @\e<J>api<;, eyelash; a-rofia, mouth.
P. 1-5 cm., snow white, very thin; mycelium arachnoid, somewhat
mealy. Pores white, small, dissepiments thin; orifice of pores ciliato-
dentate. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/A. Dead wood, and fallen
branches. April — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2037. P. subgelatinosa B. & Br. Subgelatinosa, somewhat gelatinous.
P. 4 cm., pallid, becoming black, subgelatinous, orbicular, forming
little pulvinate patches, tomentose at first; margin raised, obtuse.
Pores delicate grey, very shallow, angular, acute, entire. Spores
"colourless, broadly elliptical, 4 x 2-5-3 p" Massee. Parasitic on
Poly par us amorphus. Rare.
2038. P. terrestris (DC.) Fr. Terrestris, pertaining to the land.
P. 2-10 cm., white, effused, very thin, spider-web-flaxy, rather
tender, fugacious. Pores white, then rufescent, central, extremely
small, very shallow, round, or angular, becoming torn. Spores white,
subglobose, 4-5 x 4/a, 1-guttulate. Naked soil, and rotten wood.
May — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
608 POBIA. POLYSTICTUS
2039. P. bathypora (Kostk.) Massee. Kostk. Polyp, iv, t. 59, as
Polyporus bathyporus Rostk. ftadvs, deep; TTO/DO?, a pore.
P. 7-8 cm., white, effused; margin thin, byssoid. Pores white, be-
coming brownish, rather large, cup-shaped, toothed, sometimes stra-
tose. Dead oak, and beech branches. Rare.
2. POLYSTICTACEAE.
Hymenium lining tubes, or covering gills, or teeth, homogeneous
with the substance of the pileus, not forming a distinct layer, sterile
on the edge.
Polystictus Fr.
(7roi\vo'TiKTo<;, with many punctures.)
Pileus coriaceous, membranaceous, or somewhat spongy, dimidiate,
sessile, surface often zoned. Tubes homogeneous, developing from
the centre outwards. Spores white, elliptical, pruniform, oblong, or
oblong-elliptical; smooth, or punctate. Cystidia sparse, or none.
Annual. Growing on wood, often imbricate.
2040. P. hirsutus (Wulf.) Fr. Hirsutus, hairy.
P. 3—8 cm., whitish, often brownish or tawny at the margin, some-
times becoming blackish with age, dimidiate, convexo-plane, often im-
bricate, shaggy with rigid hairs, furrowed with concentric and con-
colorous zones. Tubes whitish, short; orifice of pores whitish, becoming
brownish or yellow, round, or angular, obtuse. Flesh whitish, thin,
very coriaceous, soft. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 6-7 x 2-5-3/x.
Trunks, and stumps. June — March. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2041. P. velutinus Fr. Velutinus, velvety.
P. 2—5 cm., white, becoming yellowish or greyish, dimidiate, plane
on both sides, minutely velvety, or pubescent, with obscure, slightly
darker zones; margin thin, acute. Tubes white, or yellowish, very short;
orifice of pores concolorous, round, minute. Flesh whitish, thin, corky
coriaceous, then rigid. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 6-8 x 2-2-5/i.
Birch, beech, and willow trunks, and stumps. Sept. — Dec. Uncom-
mon, (v.v.)
2042. P. zonatus Fr. tyvr), a belt.
P. 3-8 cm., pale tan colour, margin becoming whitish, dimidiate,
convex, tuberculose and gibbous behind, villose, or pruinose, opaque,
somewhat zoned with ochraceous and grey bands. Tubes whitish, short ;
orifice of pores whitish, becoming ochraceous bistre, small, round, or
angular, obtuse. Flesh whitish, corky, rather thick. Spores white,
elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/t. Elms, birches, and poplar trunks, and stumps.
June — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
POLYSTICTTJS 609
2043. P. versicolor (Linn.) Fr. Hussey, lUus. Brit. Myc, i, t. 24.
Versicolor, of various colours.
P. 2-8 cm., variously coloured, dimidiate, orbicular, often imbricate,
depressed behind, becoming plane, velvety, or pubescent, marked with
concentric, smooth, shining, satiny zones of various colours. Tubes white,
very short; orifice of pores whitish, becoming yellowish, small, round,
becoming torn and irregular. Flesh whitish, thin, coriaceous. Spores
white, oblong, 6-9 x 3/A. Trunks, stumps, twigs, pales, and branches.
Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. fuscatus Fr. Fuscatus, dusky.
Differs from the type in the fuscous, zoneless or obscurely zoned p.
and the torn yellow pores. Twigs, and fallen branches. Jan. — Dec. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
var. nigricans Lasch. Nigricans, becoming black.
Differs from the type in the greyish black p. with black zones, and the
smoke grey pores. Stumps, and branches. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
2044. P. stereoides Fr. (= Trametes mollis (Sommerf.) Fr. sec. Bres.)
Fr. Icon. t. 187, fig. 3, as Polyporus stereoides Fr.
Stereum, the genus Stereum; etSo?, like.
P. 2-3 cm., greyish fuscous, becoming black, effuso-reflexed, reni-
f orm, imbricate, pubescent, then glabrous, with concolorous, depressed,
narrow zones, scarcely 1 mm. thick. Tubes white, short; orifice of pores
white, medium sized, obtuse, deformed, and daedalioid. Flesh yellowish,
thin, rigid, coriaceous. Spores white, "elliptical, 9/u," Quel., "oblong,
9-12 x 3-5-4 /A" Romell. Trunks, and stumps of Abies and deciduous
trees. Aug. — Oct. Rare.
2045. P. fibula Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 387, fig. 8. Fibula, a buckle.
P. 1-3 cm., whitish, or greyish, becoming yellowish, reniform, or
orbicular, adnate behind, or affixed by the centre, velvety hairy, often
radiato-rugose ; margin entire, acute. Tubes white, very short; orifice
of pores whitish, becoming yellowish, small, round, absent at the
margin. Flesh whitish, soft, tough, coriaceous. Spores "ovate, in-
ternally granular, externally punctato-roughened, hyaline, 8—10 x
5-6 \L or 7-9 x 2-3 /A, cylindrical, curved, rarely straight" Bres. Elm
stumps, oak branches, and worked wood. Oct. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2046. P. gossypinus (Lev.) Massee. (= Daedalea gossypina (Lev.)
Quel.) Gossypium, the cotton plant.
P. 3-10 cm., white, effuso-reflexed, becoming plane, tomentose. Tubes
white, 2-4 mm. long; orifice of pores greyish, labyrinthiform, then
angular, rather large, denticulate. Flesh white, thin, coriaceous. Spores
39
610 POLYSTICTUS. IRPEX
white, "pruniform, 6(4, punctate" Quel. Trunks, fallen branches, and
furze stems. Jan. Rare.
2047. P. ravidus Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 367, as Boletus heteroclitus.
Ravidus, greyish.
P. 10-13 cm., becoming dirty yellow, applanate, effused at the base,
imbricate, with rugoso-villose, zone-like markings near the margin.
Tubes whitish, short; orifice of pores becoming yellowish, unequal, torn.
Flesh white, corky coriaceous, tough. "Spores hyaline, yellow in the
mass, cylindrical, slightly curved, 6-8 x 3/x" Sacc. Old willow
stumps. Rare.
2048. P. abietinus (Dicks.) Fr. (= Irpex violaceus (Pers.) Quel.) Grev.
Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 226, as Polyporus abietinus. Abies, fir.
P. 2-5-8 cm., cinereous white, effuso-reflexed, dimidiate, sometimes
resupinate, imbricate, villose, obsoletely zoned. Tubes violaceous, be-
coming pale, -5-1 mm. long; orifice of pores concolorous, unequal, torn.
Flesh tinged brownish or purplish, thin, coriaceous. Spores white,
oblong, 3-4 x 2-2-5/A, curved, 2-3-guttulate. Trunks, and fallen
branches of conifers, rarely on beeches. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
Irpex Fr.
(Irpex, a harrow.)
Pileus corky coriaceous, or membranaceous, dimidiate, or resupi-
nate, sessile. Tubes homogeneous, alveolar at first, then becoming
torn into teeth, or plates. Flesh white, or coloured. Spores white,
elliptical, oval, globose, cylindrical, or elliptic-oblong ; smooth, or
punctate. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, rarely on
the ground.
I. Pendulous with the p. extended behind.
2049. I. pendulus (A. & S.) Fr. Pendulus, hanging down.
P. 2-5-4 cm., pale yellow, margin white, effused, more or less
circular, extended behind, pendulous, free above, plicate, adpressedly
squamuloso-pilose, or slightly rugulose. Teeth shining white, 2 mm.
long, in irregular rows, large, incised. Flesh concolorous, membra-
naceous, elastic, very thin. Spores white, "3-5 x 1-5-2 /n" Karst.
Pine, and larch sticks. Rare.
II. Sessile, or effuso-reflexed, marginate.
2050. I. fusco violaceus Fr. (= Irpex violaceus (Pers.) Quel. ; Poly-
stictus abietinus (Dicks.) Fr. sec. Quel.)
Fuscus, dark; violaceus, violet.
P. 5-8 cm., white, becoming greyish, or hoary, dimidiate, effuso-
reflexed, often imbricate and confluent, zoned, silky. Teeth fuscous
IRPEX 611
violaceous, in rows in the form of plates, incised at the apex. Flesh
white, corky coriaceous, firm. Spores white, "elliptical, cylindrical,
curved, 9-10/A5' Quel., "3-5 x Ijti," Karst. Coniferous trunks, and
branches, rarely beech. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2051. I. lacteus Fr. Lacteus, milk white.
P. 3-5 cm., white, effused, shortly reflexed, or dimidiate, some-
times imbricate, villose, concentrically sulcate ; margin byssoid. Teeth
milk white, subulate, or compressed, toothed, thin. Flesh white,
coriaceous, thin. Spores white, "ovoid, globose, punctate, 5jii" Quel.,
"4-5 x 2-3 /z" Karst. Birch, fir, pine, beech, and mountain ash.
Oct. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
III. Resupinate.
2052. I. hypogaeus Fuck. vTroyaios, under the earth.
R. 10-11 cm., white, then pale yellowish, or dark brown, widely
effused ; margin determinate. Teeth concolorous, 2-7 mm. long, irre-
gular, sublabyrinthiform, lax, variable in size, straight, incised, base
usually compressed, thin. Flesh white, or yellowish, byssoid. In-
crusting pine leaves, twigs, grass, earth, pebbles. Oct. Rare.
2053. I. Johnstonii Berk. Dr George Johnston.
R. 2-5-5 cm., white, resupinate, effused, separable; margin reflexed,
naked. Teeth white, arranged in rows, 2-3 mm. long, compressed, un-
equal, crowded. Flesh white, coriaceo-membranaceous. Dead beech.
Rare.
2054. I. Candidas (Ehrenb.) Fr. Candidus, shining white.
R. 3-5 cm., snow white, broadly effused, separable, thin, arachnoid;
margin byssoid. Teeth snow white, subulate, or compressed, toothed,
thin. Flesh white, membranaceous, floccose. Dead pine wood. Feb.
Rare, (v.v.)
2055. I. spathulatus (Schrad.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 194, fig. 3.
cnraQii, a broad blade.
R. 5—10 cm., shining white, becoming yellowish when dry, effused,
adnate, inseparable ; margin byssoid. Teeth white, becoming yellowish,
3—6 mm. long, spathulate, compressed, equal, entire, reticulato-con-
nected with obsolete veins. Flesh white, membranaceous, thin.
Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-3/u,. Dead coniferous branches. Oct.
— Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2056. I. obliquus (Schrad.) Fr. Obliguus, slanting.
R. 5-20 cm., white, then yellowish, or wood colour, broadly effused,
adnate; margin byssoid. Teeth concolorous, 2-6 mm. long, at first very
pore-like, then becoming compressed, incised, or torn, oblique, lamellar
at the base. Flesh whitish, crustaceous, thin. Spores white, elliptical,
39—2
612 IRPEX. LENZITES
4-5 x 3-3-5/x, 1-guttulate. Stumps, dead branches, and leaves. Jan.
— Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2057. I. deformis Fr. Deformis, misshapen.
R. 5-15 cm., whitish, effused, adnate; margin byssoid, pubescent.
Teeth concolorous, 2-4 mm. long, subulate, arising from a minutely
porous base, somewhat digitato-incised, and often torn into shreds
almost to the base. Flesh concolorous, crustaceous, thin. Spores white,
"ovoid, punctate, 10/i" Quel. Oak branches, and cherry. Sept. —
Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2058. I. carneus Fr. (= Phlebia merismoides Fr. sec. Quel.)
Carneus, flesh colour.
R. 2-5-7-5 cm., reddish, effused, adnate. Teeth concolorous, subu-
late, obtuse, entire, united at the base. Flesh cartilaginous, gela-
tinous, thin. Wood, and bark. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
Fr.
(Harold Othmar Lenz, a German botanist.)
Pileus corky, or coriaceous, dimidiate, or resupinate, sessile. Gills
coriaceous, often anastomosing at the base, homogeneous with the sub-
stance of the pileus, and not forming a distinct layer. Flesh white,
or coloured. Spores white, elliptical, subglobose, cylindrical, or oblong-
elliptical, smooth. Cystidia sparse, or none. Growing on wood ; often
imbricate.
*Growing on wood of deciduous trees.
2059. L. betulina (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1100, t. 1145, fig. A.
Betulina, of the birch.
P. 2-5-10 cm., whitish grey, becoming pale, corky coriaceous, firm,
rigid, dimidiate, sessile, becoming plane, sometimes resupinate, tomen-
tose, commonly obsoletely zoned, zones sometimes darker. Gills dingy
white, reaching the base, straight, simple, or branched, often anasto-
mosing, edge acute. Flesh white, floccose. Spores white, "globose or
elliptic-spheric, 5-6/u" Karst. On stumps, trunks, posts, and rails,
especially birch. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2060. L. flaccida (Bull.) Fr. Flaccida, flabby.
P. 10-^30 cm., whitish, then dingy, with quite concolorous zones,
coriaceous, thin, scarcely 2 mm. thick, unequal, dimidiate, sessile,
easily bent, strigosely hairy. Gills shining white, becoming pale, thick,
firm, straight, very broad, simple, or branched at the base, with
shorter ones intermixed. Spores "white, 12/u," Quel. On beech stumps.
Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
LENZITES. TRAMETES 613
var. variegata (Fr.) Cost. & Dufour. Variegata, with diverse colours.
Differs from the type in the silky, velvety zones and white flesh. On
fallen logs of beech and birch. Sept. — March. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
L. cinerea (Fr.) Quel. = Daedalea cinerea Fr.
L. quercina (Linn.) Quel. = Daedalea quercina (Linn.) Fr.
**Growing on coniferous wood.
2061. L. saepiaria (Wulf.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1101, t. 1146, fig. A.
Saepes, a fence.
P. 3-8 cm., yellow tawny, then date brown with a yellow tawny
margin, becoming black when old, dimidiate, lateral, corky coriaceous,
hard, convex, becoming plane, sometimes orbicular, more frequently
extended longitudinally, sometimes resupinate, zoned, strigosely to-
mentose, at length squamulose and pitted. Gills yellowish, becoming
umber, extended to the base, very rigid, firm, branched, more or less
anastomosing, 2-4 mm. broad, edge entire, or slightly toothed. Flesh
tawny. Spores white, cylindrical, curved, 10 x 3-4/z. Coniferous
stumps, branches, and worked wood. Jan. — Dec. Notuncommon. (v.v.)
2062. L. abietina (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1101, t. 1146, fig. B.
Abies, a fir tree.
P. umber-tomentose, then becoming smooth, effuso-reflexed, often
lengthened out to 30 x 1 cm., sometimes resupinate, hoary, coria-
ceous, thin, and comparatively soft. Gills yellowish red, becoming
glaucous with dense pruina, decurrent in the effused base, distant,
simple, unequal, here and there torn into teeth. Flesh concolorous,
very thin. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 10 x 4/A, apiculate at the
one end. Dressed fir wood. Oct. Rare.
2063. L. heteromorpha Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 177, fig. 3.
erep6fjiop<f)o<f, of different shape.
P. 2-3 cm., whitish, becoming pale, and finally yellowish when old,
effuso-reflexed, imbricate, connate, corky soft, then hard, nodular,
often pectinately incised at the margin, always gibbose, almost gla-
brous with adpressed tufts of hairs, coarsely rugose. Gills white, very
firm, thick, very broad, triquetrous, somewhat crowded, somewhat
branched, incised, or forming pores, sometimes falling short of the
margin. Spores white, "subglobose, 3-5 /u," Karst. Flesh white. On
fir stumps. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
Trametes Fr.
(Trama, the woof.)
Pileus woody, or corky, dimidiate, or resupinate, sessile. Tubes
homogeneous with the substance of the pileus, and not forming a
614 TRAMETES
distinct layer, regular, round, or oblong. Flesh white, or coloured.
Spores white, rarely yellowish, elliptical, ovoid, globose, subglobose,
cylindrical, or oblong, smooth. Cystidia present, or absent, hyaline,
or coloured. Annual, or perennial. Growing on wood, very rarely on
the ground; sometimes imbricate.
I. Dimidiate, sessile.
*Flesh whitish.
2064. T. Trogii Berk. (= Trametes hispida (Bagl.) Quel.)
J. G. Trog, the Swiss mycologist.
P. 5—10 cm., fuscous, somewhat olivaceous, dimidiate, convex, soli-
tary, or imbricate, somewhat zoned, zones at first very indistinct, then
becoming evident, concolorous, clothed with rigid, fasciculate, 6 mm. long,
hairs; margin acute. Pores cream colour, then coffee and milk colour,
unequal, subangular, toothed. Flesh pale tan or wood colour. Spores
"white, elliptic-cylindric, 12-13 p, guttulate" Quel. Dead poplar
trunks. Oct. Rare.
2065. T. gibbosa (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 162. Gibbosa, humped.
P. 10-20 cm., whitish, becoming greyish, dimidiate, flattened, ex-
tended behind, gibbose, villose, obsoletely zoned ; margin often brown-
ish, obtuse. Pores whitish, 2-8 mm. long, linear, straight, equal.
Flesh whitish, corky, compact, thick, very firm. Spores white, oblong,
sometimes curved, 5-7 x 2-5-3^. On stumps, and posts of beech,
and poplar, more rarely on oak, and willow. Aug. — March. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
2066. T. rubescens (A. & S.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 16.
Rubescens, turning red.
P. 5-12 cm., whitish, becoming red, dimidiate, flattened, at first
white pruinose, at length zoned; margin thin. Pores white, becoming
crimson lake, or blood red when touched, pruinose, 1-3 mm. long, round-
ish, then elongate and daedaliform, narrow, obtuse. Flesh white, be-
coming crimson lake, or blood red when broken, corky, soft, zoned.
Spores white, oblong, curved, 10 x 2/Lt, 3-guttulate. On willow, and
alder trunks. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2067. T. Bulliardii Fr. (= Trametes rubescens (A. & S.) Fr. sec. Quel.)
Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 310, as Boletus suaveolens.
Pierre Bulliard, the eminent French mycologist.
P. 5-14 cm., whitish, becoming fuscous, dimidiate, flattened, often
gibbose at the base, at length zoned, even, smooth; margin thin, sub-
acute. Pores pallid, then rufescent, 3-10 mm. long, somewhat round,
or linear, unequal. Flesh yellowish, at length becoming fuscous, corky,
thick Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/z, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant.
On willow, and alder trunks. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
TRAMETES 615
2068. T. suaveolens (Linn.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 163.
Suaveolens, sweet smelling.
P. 4-15 cm., whitish, dimidiate, pulvinate, triquetrous, villose;
margin becoming yellowish, thin. Pores white, becoming yellowish, or
fuscous, 3-12 mm. long, round, rather large, obtuse. Flesh white, soft,
corky, thick. Spores white, oblong, often incurved, 10-12 x 3-4/x.
Smell strong, of anise. Trunks of willow, rarely lime. Sept. — Feb.
Common, (v.v.)
2069. T. odora (Sommerf.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 162, as Polyporus
odorus. Odora, fragrant.
P. 5-10 cm., pallid, dimidiate, gibbose, uneven, villose, becoming
smooth ; margin yellow, thin. Pores whitish, then ochraceous, 4-8 mm.
long, minute, round, often becoming toothed, equal. Flesh white,
corky, elastic, thick. Spores "yellowish, ovoid, 7-8 /z,, 1-guttulate"
Quel., "hyaline, oval, 5-6 x 3/i" Karst. Smell strong, of anise.
Willow, and ash trunks. Jan. Bare.
2070. T. inodora Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 191, fig. 1. Inodora, without smell.
P. 3-8 cm., white, or yellowish, dimidiate, triquetrous, sometimes
imbricate, minutely tomentose, often obsoletely zoned, becoming
smooth; margin thin, acute. Pores white, unchangeable, 2-6 mm. long,
small, round, or oblong, pubescent. Flesh white, corky, firm. Spores
white, globose, 5-6/z, 1-guttulate. Beech, and oak stumps. Sept. —
Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**Flesh ferruginous.
2071. T. Pini (Brot.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 161. Pinus, pine.
P. 5-10 cm., ferruginous fuscous, then blackish, dimidiate, pulvinate,
concentrically sulcate, rimoso-rugged, rough, becoming incrusted with
age; margin bright yellowish at first, and tomentose. Pores yellow-
brick-red, 6-15 mm. long, large, somewhat round, or oblong; orifice
at first pubescent. Flesh tawny ferruginous, corky woody, very hard.
Spores pale yellowish, oval, or subglobose, 4-6 x 4-5 /u,, with a large
central gutta. Cystidia dark brown, conical, pointed, 30-40 x 8-9 p,.
Smell slightly pleasant. Pine trunks. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.")
2072. T. odorata (Wulf.) Fr. Odorata, scented.
P. 7-5-13 cm. long, 5-8 cm. broad, blackish umber, edge tawny cinna-
mon, dimidiate, downy, then vaguely concentrically zoned, rugulose,
tomentose, sometimes attenuated behind. Pores tawny cinnamon,
subrotund, oblong, more or less decurrent, uneven. Flesh fulvous,
somewhat corky. Spores "tawny, elliptical" Quel. Smell strong,
pleasant, like hay, or spicy. On decaying coniferous wood. Jan.
Eare.
616 TRAMETES
***Flesh red.
2073. T. cinnabarina (Jacq.) Fr. (= Phellinus cinnabarinus (Jacq.)
Quel.) Trans.Brit.Myc.Soc.iv,t.9. tcivvafiapi, dragon's blood.
P. 5-9 cm., bright reddish orange, becoming darker, dimidiate,
slightly pubescent, then glabrous, rugulose, indistinctly zoned towards
the margin. Pores deep blood red, 1-3 mm. long; orifice vermilion,
minute, round, pubescent. Flesh red, corky, pliant, thick. Spores
white, oblong, curved, 6 x 2/u,. Birch, and beech trunks. July — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
II. Eesupinate.
2074. T. sinuosa (Fr.) Quel. (= Polyporus sinuosus Fr.) Trans. Brit.
Myc. Soc. iv, t. 10. Sinuosa, full of curves.
R. 3-6 cm. and more, pure white, becoming yellowish, resupinate,
broadly effused , furnished with long, white, string-like, mycelial rhizoids
on the underside. Pores white, then yellowish, 2-3 mm. long ; orifice
large, flexuose, irregularly torn, often daedaliform or sistotremiform,
pruinose. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/x, with a large central
gutta. Smell very pleasant, "like liquorice" Fries, "of balsam"
Quel. Ivy trailing on the ground, and conifer stumps, and branches.
Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2075. T. mollis (Sommerf.) Fr. (= Polystictus stereoides Fr. sec.
Bres.) Mollis, soft.
E. 2-10 cm., pallid wood colour, at length becoming fuscous, or black,
reaupinate, broadly effused, determinate, adnate behind in the centre,
separable, submembranaceous ; margin umber, at length revolute,
pubescent beneath. Pores whitish cream, becoming greyish, large,
shallow, angular, or round, often irregular, unequal, torn. Flesh
white, soft, then coriaceous. Spores white, cylindrical, slightly curved,
8-11 x 3-4 /A. Dead beech wood, and branches. Jan. — Dec. Common.
(v.v.)
2076. T. serpens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 192, fig. 3. Serpens, creeping.
R. 10-30 cm., white, then pale ochraceous, resupinate, closely adnate,
inseparable, arid, pruinose, at first erumpent in the form of a tubercle,
orbicular, then confluent; margin determinate, pubescent. Pores
white, then cream fuliginous, rather large, very shallow, round, or
angular, then labyrinthiform, unequal, obtuse. Flesh white, corky,
coriaceous. Spores "white, elliptical, 14 x 6/u," Rabenh. Oak, beech,
hornbeam, and privet logs. Aug. — Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2077. T. Terryi B. & Br. Michael Terrey.
R. 7-8 cm., whitish, resupinate, broad, suborbicular, pulvinate ;
margin determinate, undulate. Pores pallid, angular, here and there
sinuate, rather large, shallow. Flesh white, corky, firm. Beech. Rare.
TBAMETES. DAEDALEA 617
2078. T. purpurascens B. & Br. Purpurascens, becoming purple.
R. 2 cm., chestnut, resupinate, subcoriaceous, subtomentose. Pores
becoming purple, rigid, small. Dead willow. Rare.
T. bombycina (Fr.) Quel. = Poria bombycina Fr.
T. aneirina (Sommerf.) Quel. = Poria aneirina (Sommerf.) Fr.
Daedalea (Pers.) Fr.
(SatSaXo?, curiously wrought.)
Pileus spongy, cork, coriaceous, or woody, dimidiate, or resupinate,
stipitate, or sessile. Stem central, lateral, or none. Tubes homo-
geneous with the substance of the pileus, and not forming a distinct
layer, irregularly sinuous, and more or less labyrinihiform, often be-
coming torn, or toothed. Flesh white, or coloured. Spores white, oval,
pip-shaped,' subglobose, elliptic-oblong, or sausage-shaped, smooth,
or punctate. Cystidia present, or absent. Annual, or perennial.
Growing on wood, very rarely on the ground; sometimes imbricate.
I. Dimidiate, sessile, or substipitate.
2079. D. biennis (Bull.) Quel. (= Polyporus rufescens Fr.) Sow. Eng.
Fung. t. 191, as Boletus biennis. Biennis, two years.
P. 5-12 cm., flesh colour, whitish towards the margin, convex, then
plane or depressed, sometimes dimidiate, strigose, or hairy. St. 1-5 x
1-5-2 cm., ferruginous, irregularly shaped, subcentral, or lateral, or
wanting, subtomentose. Pores white, then flesh colour, 2-4 mm. long,
labyrinthiform, or sinuate, at length torn, pruinose. Flesh reddish, be-
coming whitish, consisting of a firm, coriaceous lower layer, with a
soft spongy upper layer. Spores white, broadly oval, or subglobose,
6-7 x 4-5 ft, with a large central gutta. Smell pleasant. Stumps,
roots, and buried wood. Sept. — Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2080. D. quercina (Linn.) Fr. (= Lenzites quercina (Linn.) Quel.)
Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 238. Quercina, pertaining to oak.
P. 9-50 cm., pale wood colour, or brownish becoming paler, dimidiate,
sessile, rarely substipitate, or resupinate, smooth, rugulose, uneven,
marked with concentric, raised, or depressed zones. Pores greyish,
fuliginous, or paler than the p., 6-50 mm. long, sinuate, or lameUose,
branched, and anastomosing, thick, woody. Flesh pale reddish brown,
or concolorous, corky, woody, thick, firm. Spores white, pip-shaped,
6 x 2-3/i. Oaks, oak stumps, and posts. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2081. D. borealis (Wahlenb.) Quel. (= Polyporus borealis Fr.)
Kalchbr. Icon. t. 35, fig. 2, as Polyporus borealis Fr.
Borealis, northern.
P. 5-15 cm., white, then yellowish, dimidiate, reniform, or subpul-
vinate, sessile, or attenuated behind into a short more or less distinct
618 DAEDALEA
stem, velvety, or strigose, becoming matted when old; margin acute,
spreading. Pores white, then yellowish, 4-6 mm. long, unequal, round,
or angular, becoming sinuate and daedaliform. Flesh white, spongy,
then corky, composed of parallel fibres, compact, thick, fissile. Spores
white, subglobose, 5-6 x 4-5/i, minutely punctate. Smell slightly
pleasant when dried. Abies trunks, and stumps. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
2082. D. unicolor (Bull.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 163, as Boletus
unicolor Bolt. Unicolor, of one colour.
P. 5-15 cm., cinereous, fuliginous when moist, whitish grey when dry,
with zones of the same colour, shell-shaped, dimidiate, usually imbri-
cate, villoso-strigose ; margin sometimes whitish. Pores whitish cinereous,
sometimes fuscous, very short, labyrinthiform, flexuose, intricate,
narrow, acute, at length torn into teeth. Flesh white, coriaceous, thin.
Spores white, "6-9 x 3-5 /x" Karst. Stumps, trunks, and rails of
birch, beech, maple, oak, willow, Robinia, chestnut, and hornbeam.
Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2083. D. polyzona (Pers.) Fr. TroXi;?, many; £<ovr}, belt.
P. 13-18 cm., yellowish brown, darker or reddish at the base, dimidiate,
sessile, imbricate, tomentose, with many dark brown zones. Pores
pallid wood colour, or buff white, very short, equal, thin, sublabyrinthi-
form, sometimes 2-stratose. Flesh buff white, coriaceous, somewhat
thin. Jan. — Dec. Rare.
D. gossypina (Lev.) Quel. = Polystictus gossypinus (Lev.) Massee.
2084. D. saligna Fr. (= Polyporus salignus Fr. Hym. Eur. ; Polyporus
fumosus (Pers.) Fr. sec. Lloyd.) Fr. Icon. t. 181, fig. 1, as Poly-
porus salignus *Holmiensis Fr. Saligna, of willows.
P. 5-15 cm., whitish, dimidiate, imbricate, dilated reniform, sessile,
adpressedly villose, depresso-sulcate round the margin; margin swollen,
lobed. Pores white, long, round, or intricately flexuose, labyrinthiform,
pruinose, thin. Flesh whitish, coriaceous, soft, elastic. Spores white,
"elliptic-oblong, 7-8 /x" Quel. Caespitose. Willows. Oct. — Feb. Un-
common.
2085. D. confragosa (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 160, as Boletus
confragosus Bolt. Confragosa, rough.
P. 5—13 cm., unicolorous, brick red fuscous, becoming ferruginous,
dimidiate, reniform, constricted at the base, gibbose, convex, sessile,
rough, zoned. Pores cinereous pruinose, then rufous fuscous, 5—20 mm.
long, sinuous, narrow, then labyrinthiform, torn, toothed. Flesh
wood colour, or reddish, then brown, fibrous, corky, thin. Spores white,
sausage-shaped, curved, 7-8 x 2/n. Beech, oak, willow, and service
trunks. Oct. — Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
DAEDALEA 619
var. angustata (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung t. 193, as Boletus angustatus
Sow. Angustata, narrowed.
Differs from the type in the brownish rufescent, repand p., the sub-
tomentose paler margin of the p., and the subolivaceous pores. Poplars.
Rare.
D. aurea (Batt.) Fr. Aurea, golden.
P. 2-5 cm., unicolorous, golden, triangular, gibbose, imbricate,
sessile, velvety, subzoned', margin swollen. Pores light yellow, some-
what long, round, then narrowly sinuato-labyrinthiform. Flesh light
yellow, corky coriaceous, thin. Dead oak. Rare.
2087. D. einerea Fr. (= Lenzites cinerea (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 192,
fig. 2. Cinerea, ash colour.
P. 2-5-13 cm., cinereous, dimidiate, sessile, sometimes imbricate,
subundulate, zoned, tomentose; margin paler, thin. Pores white, or
cinereous, 5-10 mm. long, round, or very long, labyrinthiform,
flexuose, intricate, obtuse, entire, sometimes stratose. Flesh pale buff,
or ochraceous, corky woody, thick. Spores white, globose, lOju.
Beech, and oak trunks, and stumps. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
2088. D. femiginea (Schum.) Fr. Fl. Dan. t. 2029.
Ferruginea, iron rust colour.
P. 4-8 cm., whitish flesh colour at first, then yellow ferruginous,
effuso-reflexed, horizontal, imbricate, zoned; white villose when young;
margin white villose, swollen, flexuose. Pores tawny, 4 mm. long, de-
formed, narrowly labyrinthiform, flexuose, anastomosing. Flesh
yellowish sienna, 3-4 mm. thick, coriaceous. Beech trunks, and dead
wood. Rare.
II. Resupinate.
2089. D. latissima Fr. (= Trametes latissima (Fr.) Quel.)
Latissima, very broad.
P. 12-5-60 cm., pale wood colour, broadly effused, undulated. Pores
pale wood colour, very long, somewhat round, flexuose, sinuose, narrow,
distant. Flesh wood colour, corky or woody, thick, zoned, with parallel
filaments. Beech trunks. Rare.
2090. D. vermicularis (Pers.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 424, as Boletus
resupinatus Sow. Vermicularis, pertaining to worms.
P. 10-15 cm., fiesh-colour-rufescent, broadly effused, adnate, be-
coming even. Pores concolorous, short, attenuated at both ends,
flexuose. Flesh thin. Adhering to the soil by root-like fibres. Aug.
Rare.
620 MERULIUS
3. MERULIACEAE.
Hymenium spread over veins, anastomosing pores, or quite smooth ;
edge of veins or pores fertile.
Merulius Fr.
(Merus, pure.)
Receptacle gelatinous, coriaceous gelatinous, waxy, membrana-
ceous, or floccose, resupinate, or effuso-reflexed. Hymenium at first
smooth, becoming reticulated with irregular, obtuse folds or pores, at
length gyrose or obsoletely toothed, and fertile on the edge. Spores
white, or coloured, elliptical, ovoid, pip-shaped, globose, subglobose,
elliptic-oblong, cylindrical, or sausage-shaped, smooth. Cystidia
present, or absent. Growing on wood, rarely on the ground.
* Spores white.
fP. effuso-reflexed, margin determinate.
2091. M. confluens Schwein. Confiuens, becoming confluent.
R. 2-5-10 cm., vinous biscuit, colour, resupinate, longitudinally
effused, becoming confluent, somewhat fleshy; margin biscuit colour,
free, inflexed, subtomentose. Folds becoming pinkish cinnamon to
pecan brown when dry, very small, uneven, reticulate. Flesh coria-
ceous, thin. Spores "hyaline, even, cylindric, flattened on one side,
4-5-5 x 2-5/Lt. Subhymenial hyphae incrusted " Burt. Alder branches.
Aug. Rare.
2092. M. tremellosus (Schrad.) Fr. Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. i, t. 10.
Tremellosus, trembling.
R. 2-5-15 cm., white, translucent, resupinate, then free and re-
flexed, often connate and imbricate, tomentose; margin often pinkish,
dentato-radiate. Folds ruddy, pinkish, or pale, porous, twisted,
toothed. Flesh gelatinous, cartilaginous when dry. Spores white,
sausage-shaped, curved, 4-5 x lp. Cystidia "even or incrusted,
sparse, 3-5-4-5/u, in diam., emerging 15-25 /A above the basidia"
Burt. Stumps, and dead branches of birch, beech, and oak. Aug. —
Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2093. M. aurantiacus Klotzsch. Aurantiacus, golden.
R. 2-5-4 cm., between yellow and dirty white, here and there cinereous,
effuso-reflexed, tomentose, obsoletely zoned. Folds dull orange, minute,
subporiform. Flesh coriaceous, tough. Dead beech trunks. May —
Sept. Rare.
2094. M. corium (Pers.) Fr. (= Merulius papyrinus (Bull.) Quel.)
Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 147, as Thelephora corium Pers.
%6piov, leather.
R. 5-20 cm., whitish, resupinato-effused, often imbricate; margin
MERULIUS 621
at length free, reflexed, villose beneath. Folds flesh colour, or pale
tan, reticulato-porous, thin. Flesh soft, leathery, flexible, tough.
Spores white, oblong elliptical, 6-9 x 3-5-4 /A. Cystidia "none.
Hyphae loosely interwoven, hyaline, septate, 3-4/4 in diam." Burt.
Dead wood, and branches. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2095. M. niveus Fr. Niveus, snow white.
K. 1-5 cm., snow white, resupinate, effuso-reflexed, adnate at the
centre, free elsewhere, smooth. Folds snow white, rugose, subreticulate.
Flesh very soft, spongy, thin, becoming membranaceous and papery
when dry. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 8 x 5— 6 /A, "slightly
curved, 4-5 x -5-1 /x" Burt. Dead alder branches. Nov. Rare, (v.v.)
ffResupinato-effused, flaxy membranaceous, separable,
margin and underside byssoid.
2096. M. laeticolor B. & Br. (= Merulius fugax Fr. sec. Romell.)
Laetus, bright; color, colour.
R. 7-8 cm., bright orange, resupinate, effused, adnate ; margin white,
byssoid. Folds concolorous, at first even, then plicato-rugose, distant.
Flesh thin. Spores "white, subglobose, 6-7 jj," Massee. Sawdust, and
leaves and branches of oak, pine, and mountain ash. Oct. — Nov.
Rare, (v.v.)
ftfCrustoso-adnate, margin somewhat byssoid.
2097. M. porinoides Fr. 770/309, a pore; etSo?, like.
R. 2-11 cm., light dingy yellow, resupinate, crustaceo-adnate ;
margin white, byssoid. Folds concolorous, poriform, large, round,
distant. Flesh very thin. Spores white, globose, 3/i. Dead wood,
chips, bark, and leaves. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2098. M. rufus (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Myc. Eur. n, t. 16, figs. 1, 2, as
Xylomyzon isoporum Pers. Rufus, red.
R. 2-8 cm., red flesh colour, resupinate, effused, crustaceo-adnate,
often immersed in the wood, smooth; margin somewhat naked. Folds
concolorous, porose, equal, angular. Flesh waxy soft. Spores white,
pip-shaped, slightly curved, 5-6 x 2-3 p. Cystidia none. "Hyphae
loosely interwoven, hyaline, 3-3-5ju, in diam." Burt. Rotten oak, and
hornbeam wood and posts. May — Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2099. M. serpens (Tode) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 193, fig. 3.
Serpens, creeping.
R. 3-15 cm., pallid, becoming red, resupinate, crustaceo-adnate, be-
coming smooth; margin white, byssoid. Folds concolorous, at first in
the form of wrinkles, then porous, angular, entire. Flesh thin. Spores
white, cylindrical, curved, 4 x 2/x, 2-guttulate. Dead branches of
conifers, lime and ash, and on cones. Oct. — March. Rare, (v.v.)
622 MERULIUS
2100. M. paUens Berk. Fallens, pale.
R. 4-8 cm., pale reddish, resupinate, adnate, inseparable', margin
indeterminate. Folds concolorous, poriform, minute. Flesh subgela-
tinous, thin. Spores white, globose, 4/A. Fir, and oak branches. Sept.
— Dec. Rare, (v.v.)
2101. M. Cannichaelianus (Grev.) Berk. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 224,
as Polyporus Carmichaelianus Grev.
Captain Dugald Carmichael, a friend of Greville.
R. 2-5-10 cm., white, becoming pinkish brown when dry, resupinate,
irregularly effused; margin byssoid, laciniate. Folds concolorous,
forming regular, hexagonal reticulations or pores, very shallow. Flesh
membranaceous, very thin. Spores white, "globose, very minute"
Grev. Bark. Rare.
M . crispus (Pers.) Quel. = Plicatura crispa (Pers.) Rea.
**Spores coloured.
fP. effuso-reflexed.
2102. M. lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 98, no. 216.
Lacrymans, weeping.
R. 5-50 cm., yellow ferruginous, effuso-reflexed, more rarely arising
from a stalk-like central tubercle; margin white, tomentose, swollen.
Folds concolorous, porous, gyroso-toothed, large. Flesh greyish white,
spongy-fleshy, slightly moist, exuding drops of water when growing,
2-12 mm. thick. Spores reddish rust colour in the mass, yellow under
the microscope, elliptical, often subapiculate at the base, 8-10 x 5-
6/n, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Hyphae either yellowish, thick walled,
5-6/i in diam., or hyaline, 3-5-4-5/x in diam., septate, with clamp
connections. Smell often strong. Worked wood in buildings, logs in
timber yards, rarely on stumps, and on the ground. Jan. — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
var. minor Falck. (= Merulius lacrymans (Wulf.) Quel.)
Minor, smaller.
Differs from the type in the smaller, elliptical spores, 5-6 x 4-4-5/>i.
Dead wood, and on the ground. July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. Guillemotii Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 165. Jules Guillemot.
Differs from the type in the well developed, dimidiate, imbricate pilei.
Worked wood. June — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. puiverulentus (Fr.) Quel. (= Merulius pulverulentus Fr.)
Pulverulentus, full of dust.
Differs from the type in being membranaceous, becoming even, zoned,
MEBULIUS 623
arid, gradually decaying from the centre to the margin, and in the folds
being reticulated to the margin. Rare.
2103. M. aureus Fr. Fl. Dan. t. 2027, fig. 2. Aureus, golden.
R. 2-5-5 cm., golden yellow, resupinate, effused, or effuso-reflexed,
easily separable; margin concolorous, thin, villose. Folds golden yellow,
ochraceous orange to russet when dried, plicato-porous, gyroso-crisped.
Flesh membranaceous, soft, thin. Spores "yellowish in mass, cylin-
dric, 3-4-5 x 1-5-2/i. Cystidia none. Hyphae loosely interwoven,
nodose-septate, 2-5-4/x in diam." Burt. Pine wood, leaves, and cones.
Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
ft Resupinate.
2104. M. terrestris (Peck) Burt. (= Merulius lacrymans var. terrestris
Peck, non Ferry.) Terrestris, pertaining to the earth.
R. 3-10 cm., bright ferruginous, drying amber brown, resupinate,
widely effused, membranaceous; margin whitish. Folds concolorous,
gyrose, with intermediate, shallow, labyrinthiform depressions. Flesh
yellowish, membranaceous, thin. Spores brownish in the mass, yellow
under the microscope, broadly elliptical, with often a basal apiculus,
7-9 x 4-5-6 ju.. "Basal hyphae loosely interwoven, thick walled, rigid,
4-5-6 IJL in diam., nodose-septate, aniline-yellow under the microscope;
subhymenial hyphae thin walled, often collapsed, 3fi in diam. Cys-
tidia none" Burt. On bare soil. July — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
2105. M. papyraceus Fr. Trairvpos, the paper reed.
R. 5-20 cm., umber ferruginous, resupinate, widely effused, dry,
glabrous; margin paler. Folds concolorous, reticulato-porous ; pores
equal, dilated. Flesh of the consistence of paper, tough. Spores ferru-
ginous, elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 p,, 1-2-guttulate. Old beams amongst
grass. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2106. M. squalidus Fr. Squalidus, dirty.
R. 7-30 cm., hyaline flesh colour, resupinate, effused, loosely adnate,
adpressedly fibrillose and becoming cinereous on the underside, smooth;
margin white, membranaceous. Folds flesh colour, becoming suboliva-
ceous, sinuoso-porous. Flesh membranaceous, soft, loose, watery.
Spores ferruginous. Hornbeam posts, and worked wood. Feb. Rare.
2107. M. himantioides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 193, fig. 1.
t/tta?, leather thong; etSo9, like.
R. 2-5 cm., lilac, becoming raw umber when dried, resupinate,
effused, separable, fibrillosely silky beneath; margin whitish, byssoid.
Folds dingy yellow, then subolivaceous, porous, then gyrose. Flesh
very soft, silky, thin. Spores "honey yellow under the microscope,
624 MERULIUS. PHLEBIA
elliptical, 9-10 x 6/*. Basal hyphae narrow, few, honey yellow, up
to 6-7 /A in diam., not incrusted; subhymenial hyphae, loosely inter-
woven, hyaline, 4ju, in diam." Burt. Dead conifer and cherry wood.
Sept.— Dec. Rare.
2108. M. fugax Fr. (= Merulius molluscus Fr. sec. Burt; Merulius
laeticolor Berk. sec. Romell.) -Fr. Icon. t. 193, fig. 2, as Merulius
molluscus Fr. Fugax, fleeting.
R. 3-10 cm., white, or yellowish, resupinate, effused ; margin whitish,
byssoid. Folds flesh colour, drying cream colour, pinkish buff, with or
without a tinge of orange, or dark brown, gyroso-plicate. Flesh mem-
branaceous, very soft, thin. Spores yellowish, or hyaline, broadly
elliptical, 4-5 x 3-4/i. Cystidia none. "Hyphae loosely interwoven,
long-celled, nodose-septate, 3-4/z in diam., sparingly and coarsely
granule-incrusted towards the substratum" Burt. Coniferous wood,
and branches. Sept. — Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
M. molluscus Fr. = Merulius fugax Fr.
2109. M. pinastri (Fr.) Burt. (= Hydnum pinastri Fr. ; Hydnum sordi-
dum Weinm. sec. Burt.) Pinastri, of pines.
R. 2-20 cm., pinnard yellow, then olive ochre, becoming darker, and
finally Dresden brown to raw-umber, resupinate, effused, loosely at-
tached to the substratum, whitish and tomentose beneath ; mycelium
often reddish, or deep brownish vinaceous; margin whitish, 01 flesh pink.
Hymenium for a long time smooth, at length raised in shallow folds
forming irregular, angular pores, or reticulations, -5-1-5 mm. in diam.,
or prolonged into subulate, or Irpex-like teeth. Spores pale ochraceous
in the mass, yellow brown, broadly ovoid to subglobose, 5-7 x 4-5 \L,
Cystidia none. Hyphae hyaline, 2-5/A in diam., loosely interwoven,
nodose-septate. Pine wood and leaves, and cedar chips. Sept. — Nov.
Rare.
Phlebia Fr.
(<£XeT/r, a vein.)
Receptacle waxy, or subgelatinous, becoming cartilaginous when
dry, erect, or resupinate and effused. Hymenium from the first
covering radiating, obtuse wrinkles or veins, continuous or broken
up into tubercles, rarely smooth, fertile on the edge. Spores white,
elliptical, reniform, oblong, or cylindrical, smooth. Cystidia none.
Growing on wood, rarely on the ground.
2110. P. merismoides Fr. (= Phlebia aurantiaca (Sow.) Karst. sec.
Pat. ; Phlebia radiata Fr. ; Phlebia contorta Fr.) Grev. Scot. Crypt.
Fl. t. 280. Merisma, an old genus of Thelephora; elSos, like.
R. 2-5-9 cm., flesh colour, then livid, widely effused, smooth, or
uneven, villose and white beneath', margin orange, strigose. Wrinkles
PHLEBIA. PLICATURA 625
purplish flesh colour, simple, straight, or tubercular, crowded. Flesh
concolorous, subgelatinous, then membranaceous. Spores white, cylin-
drical, somewhat curved, 4-5 x 1-5-2/u,. Stumps, branches, and logs.
Sept. — Feb. Common, (v.v.)
2111. P. radiata Fr. (= Phlebia aumntiaca (Sow.) Karst. sec. Pat.)
Radiata, rayed.
R 2-5-20 cm., red flesh colour, or almost orange, somewhat round,
effused, often confluent, equal, smooth on both sides; margin radiately
toothed. Wrinkles purplish flesh colour, straight, radiating in rows.
Flesh paler, membranaceous, tough, thin. Spores white, cylindrical,
slightly curved, 4—6 x 1-2 /A. Dead wood, branches, and logs, espe-
cially alder. July — April. Common, (v.v.)
2112. P. erecta Rea. Erecta, upright.
R. 1-3 cm., bright flesh colour, becoming blackish, clavate, erect,
effused ; clubs cylindrical, 2-3 mm. thick, apex obtuse, or acute, white
fioccose at base, smooth. Flesh concolorous, or paler, waxy. Spores
white, reniform, 4-5 x 2-3|U, 2-guttulate. Basidia with 4-sterigmata.
Burnt ground amongst mosses. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2113. P. contorta Fr. (= Phlebia aurantiaca (Sow.) Karst. sec. Pat.)
Contorta, twisted.
R. 2-5-10 cm., rufous, then fuscous, widely effused, smooth on both
sides; margin indeterminate. Wrinkles concolorous, here and there con-
glomerated, branched, subflexuose, irregularly arranged. Flesh mem-
branaceous, firm. Spores white, oblong, 5-6 x 3p, bi-guttulate. Dead
wood, and fallen branches. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon.
P. vaga Fr. = Hypochnus fumosus Fr.
2114. P. albida Fr. Albida, whitish
R. 2-4 cm., white, orbicular, effused, becoming confluent, adnate ;
margin determinate, becoming slightly free. Wrinkles white, simple,
elevated, irregularly dispersed. Flesh white, waxy coriaceous, then
cartilaginous. Spores white, elliptical, obtuse at both ends, 4-5 x
2-5-3/u, 1-2-guttulate. Fallen trunks. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
2115. P. lirellosa (Pers.) B. & Br. Pers. Myc. Eur. n, t. 17, fig. 2, as^.
Daedalea lirellosa Pers. Lirellosa, with little ridges.
R. 2-5-5 cm., umber grey, resupinate; margin free. Wrinkles very
small, linear, thin, straight, branched, or anastomosing to form pores.
Flesh thin. Wood, and branches, especially black poplar. Rare.
Plicatura Peck (= Trogia Fr. p.p.).
(Plicatus, folded; ovpd, tail.)
Pileus spongy coriaceous, soft, flaccid, dimidiate, sessile, or sub-
stipitate. Hymenium covering obtuse veins, gill-like in front, crisped
R. B. B. 40
626 PLICATUBA. CONIOPHORA
and branched behind, fertile on the edge. Spores white, oblong, or
cylindrical, smooth. Cystidia none. Growing on wood.
2116. P. crispa (Pers.) Rea. (= Plicatura faginea (Schrad.) Karst. ;
Trogia crispa (Pers.) Fr.; Merulius crispus (Pers.) Quel.) Cke.
Illus. no. 1099, t. 1114 A, as Trogia crispa Fr. Crispa, curled.
R. -5-3 cm., light yellow rufescent, whitish at the margin, cup-shaped,
sessile, or substipitate, then reflexed, dimidiate, often lobed, villose,
slightly zoned. Gills white, or bluish grey, vein-like, dichotomous,
narrow, crisped, very much swollen, edge obtuse. Flesh white, fibril-
lose, firm, tough. Spores white, oblong, depressed on one side, 5—6 x
3/u,, 1-guttulate. Beech, and birch logs. Jan. — Dec. Uncommon.
(».*.)
Coniophora (DC.) Pers.
(KOVIS, dust; <J>epa>, I bear.)
Receptacle fleshy, waxy, subcoriaceous, or membranaceous, re-
supinate, effused. Hymenium smooth, subundulate tubercular, or
granular. Spores coloured, elliptical, navicular, or subfusiform, smooth.
Cystidia none. Growing on wood, or on the ground.
2117. C. puteana (Schum.) Karst. (= Corticium (Coniophora) putea-
num (Schum.) Fr.; Coniophora cerebella Pers.)
Puteana, pertaining to a well.
R. 4-20 cm., light yellowish pallid, at length fuscous olivaceous,
broadly effused, roundish, separable; margin white, mucedinous.
Hymenium fuscous olivaceous, even, subundulate, or gyrose, often
subtubercular, pulverulent. Flesh whitish, membranaceous, rather
thick. Spores fuscous olivaceous, or ferruginous, broadly elliptical,
obtuse, or pointed at one end, 11-13 x 7-8 ft. Hyphae hyaline, 4-7 /M
in diam., densely interwoven. Stumps, felled trees, logs and worked
wood. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2118. C. arida Fr. (= Corticium (Coniophora) aridum Fr. ; Coniophora
Cookei Massee.) Fr. Icon. 1 199, fig. 1. Arida, dry.
R. 3-20 cm., sulphur yellow, then umber inclining to ferruginous,
effused, adnate, continuous; margin paler, or whitish, byssoid. Hyme-
nium concolorous, even. Flesh whitish, membranaceous, thin. Spores
olivaceous, elliptical, obtuse, or pointed at one end, 9-12 x 6-7 /u.
Hyphae hyaline, 2-3/x in diam., loosely interwoven, thin walled.
Stumps, felled trees, logs, and worked wood, especially of conifers.
Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2119. C. laxa (Fr.) Quel. (= Corticium (Coniophora) laxum Fr.)
Laxa, loose.
R. 5-10 cm., white, then ferruginous, effused, adhering laxly, arach-
noid beneath; margin white, byssoid. Hymenium pallid, then ochra-
CONIOPHORA 627
ceous ferruginous, papillose, pulverulent. Flesh whitish, membrana-
ceous, floccose, loose. Spores deep rusty purple, or ferruginous in
the mass, elliptical, 10-11 x 6-7 JLI; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Bark,
twigs, lichens and moss. Nov. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2120. C. Bourdotii Bres.
L'abbe H. Bourdot, the eminent French mycologist.
R. 2-10 cm., whitish, then umber and fuscous, broadly effused,
adnate; margin white, delicately fimbriate. Hymenium umber, even.
Flesh pale, soft, loose. Spores brown, navicular, or subfusiform,
17-23 x 6-9/A. Bark, and fallen branches. Sept.— Oct. Kare. (v.v.)
2121. C. pulverulenta (Lev.) Massee. Pulverulenta, dusty.
R. 4-18 cm., rusty brown, broadly effused, dry; margin whitish
byssoid, thin. Hymenium concolorous, or dark brown, pulverulent,
even entire. Flesh thin. Spores "yellow brown, elliptical, 14-15 x
9-10/i" Massee. Wood. Rare.
2122. C. membranacea (DC.) Massee. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 214, as
Auricularia pulverulenta Sow. Membranacea, having a skin.
R. 5—30 cm., pallid, then dirty pale ferruginous, broadly effused,
subrotund, fragile, separable; margin yellowish, minutely fibrillose.
Hymenium concolorous, minutely pulverulent. Flesh thin. Spores
"yellow brown, elliptical, 10-15 x 5-6 /z" Massee. Wood, walls,
paper, etc. Rare.
2123. C. incrustans Massee. Incrustans, covering with a coat.
R. 3-15 cm., pale ochraceous, or dirty white, effused, indeterminate,
inseparable. Hymenium concolorous, compact, waxy, pulverulent.
Flesh thin. Spores "very pale ochraceous, elliptical, 15-17 x 8-10/j,"
Massee. Running over leaves, twigs, etc. Rare.
2124. C. stabularis Fr. Stabularis, pertaining to a stall.
R. 3-10 cm., white, then vinous fuscous, effused, flaxy; margin white,
byssoid. Hymenium concolorous, white pruinose, the tubercles col-
lapsing. Flesh soft, floccose, thin, smell foetid. Fir wood. Rare.
2125. C. subdealbata (B. & Br.) Massee. (= Corticium subdealbatum
B. & Br.) Sub, somewhat; dealbata, whitewashed.
R. 4-12 cm., ochraceous olive, effused, determinate. Hymenium
concolorous, often with paler barren patches, pulverulent. Flesh thin.
Spores "ochraceous, elliptical, with a minute basal apiculus, 11-12 x
7-8 /x" Massee. Pine bark, and wood. Dec. Rare.
2126. C. Berkeley! Massee.
Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the father of British mycology.
R. 3—10 cm., yellow brown, becoming purplish with age, effused,
determinate; margin sometimes minutely byssoid. Hymenium
40—2
628 CONIOPHORA. CONIOPHORELLA
concolorous, becoming much cracked. Flesh thick, silky, compact.
Spores " yellow brown, elliptical, with a minute basal apiculus, 1 1-12 x
6-7 /z" Massee. Decorticated wood. Rare.
2127. C. ochracea Massee. Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour, xxv, t. 47, fig. 13.
0)^/065, pale.
R. 4-12 cm., whitish, then ochraceous, very broadly effused, in-
separable, usually indeterminate. Hymenium concolorous, pulveru-
lent. Flesh yellowish, membranaceous, thin. Spores "yellowish, sub-
globose, 8 x 6— 7 fj,', subhymenial hyphae pale yellow, very thick, up
to 18/x in diam." Massee. Inside elm bark. July. Rare.
2128. C. sulphurea (Fr.) Massee. (= Corticium sulphureum Fr.)
Sulphur ea, brimstone colour.
R. 3-13 cm., bright sulphur yellow, broadly effused, adnate; margin
bright sulphur yellow, fibrillosely byssoid, and running out in cord-like
radiating strands. Hymenium concolorous, brownish yellow on the fertile
portions, often imperfect, waxy, cracking when dry. Flesh spongy,
fibrillose, thick. Spores "brownish yellow, broadly elliptical, 11-12 x
8-10/x" Massee. Wood, bark, and leaves. Oct. — Jan. Rare.
var. ochroidea (Berk.) Massee. 0)^/969, pale; elSos, form.
Differs from the type in the pale ochraceous hymenium, and the
larger olive spores, elliptical, with a minute apiculus at the base, 16-18 x
9-10/i. Wood, and bark. Rare.
C. sulfurea (Pers.) Quel. = Hypochnus fumosus Fr.
Coniophorella Karsten.
(Coniophorella, diminutive of Coniophora.)
Like Coniophora, but with long, cylindrical, cystidia.
2129. C. umbrina (A. & S.) Bres. (= Corticium (Coniophora) um-
brinum (A. & S.) Fr.) Umbrina, umber.
R. 3-8 cm., umber, effused, not easily separable, villose beneath',
margin concolorous, narrow, radiating. Hymenium concolorous, or
ferruginous, even, sometimes granular, tomentose, setulose. Flesh
brownish, soft, loose, fairly thick. Spores umber, elliptical, or pip-
shaped, 9-13 x 5-8/z. Cystidia concolorous, cylindrical, 90-170 x
9-12/x, sometimes incrusted, obtuse, septate. Hyphae brownish,
3-6/u, in diam., loosely interwoven. Wood, branches, and twigs. Sept.
— May. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2130. C. olivacea (Fr.) Karst. (= Corticium (Hypochnus) olivaceum
Fr.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, figs, in text, p. 73.
Olivacea, olive coloured.
R. 4-30 cm., distinctly olive when fresh, drying to a colour varying
CONIOPHORELLA. FISTULINA. MUCRONELLA 629
between Saccardo's olive, huffy citrine and Isabella colour, thinly effused,
following the inequalities of the matrix, adnate ; margin whitish, very
thin. Hymenium concolorous, tomentose, setulose. Flesh brownish,
loose, thin. Spores olivaceous, or yellow brown, elliptical, flattened
on one side, obtuse, or pointed at the one end, 9-13 x 4-8 fi; basidia
elongated, tapering gradually downwards, 40-80 x 7-8 /x, with. 4
curved sterigmata, 5-8 /x, long. Cystidia brownish, paler and blunt
at the apex, 160-290 x 12-18/u, projecting about 75-130/t, many-
septate, slightly constricted at the septa. Basal hyphae clear dark
brown, 4-7 /j, in diam., branched, frequently septate with, clamp con-
nections. Nov. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
C. byssoidea (Pers.) Bres. = Peniophora byssoidea (Pers.) v. Hoehn. &
Litsch.
4. FlSTULINACEAE.
Hymenium inferior, lining free and separate tubes.
Pistulina (Bull.) Fr.
(Fistulina, a little pipe.)
Pileus fleshy, subgelatinous in the upper layer, stipitate, or sessile.
Stem lateral, or none. Tubes at first papillose, then cylindrical, dis-
tinct and free from each other. Spores coloured, elliptical, smooth.
Conidia present in the tissues. Growing on wood.
2131. F. hepatica (Huds.) Fr. Berk. Outl. t. 17, fig. 1.
r)TraTiKo<;, belonging to the liver.
P. 5-30 cm., blood red, pale purplish red, liver colour, or chocolate,
becoming blackish, roundish, dimidiate, or subspathulate, sessile, or
stipitate, rough, thick, fleshy, viscid. St. when present, 3-7 x 2-
4 cm., concolorous, punctate. Tubes pallid, becoming reddish, separate',
orifice of tubes pale, round. Flesh reddish, marbled like beet root,
fibrous, distilling a red pellucid juice, 2-3 cm. thick. Spores pink,
subglobose, 4-5-5 x 4/A, with a large central gutta. Taste somewhat
acrid, especially when young. Edible. On trunks of trees, oak, ash,
walnut, willow, beech, sweet chestnut, hornbeam, elm. Aug. — Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
5. HYDNACEAE.
Hymenium spread over the surface of spines, granules, warts, or
other protuberances, or quite a smooth surface, with the intervening
spaces fertile. Receptacle fleshy, coriaceous, waxy, crustaceous, or
floccose, rarely none.
Mucronella Fr.
(Mucronella, a little sharp point.)
Receptacle none, consisting of a floccose, fugacious mycelium.
Spines simple, cylindrical, subulate, acute, scattered, or fasciculate,
630 MUCRONELLA. HYDNTJM
and then more or less connate at the base. Spores white, oblong, or
subglobose, smooth, or punctate; basidia with 1-4-sterigmata. Cys-
tidia present. Growing on wood.
2132. M. calva (A. & S.) Fr. Calva, bald.
Spines white, then pale, 1-3 mm. long, scattered, rigid, thin. Spores
white, "oblong, hardly depressed, 4-6 x 3/x. Hyphae thin walled,
3-6 p, emerging in a sterile bundle" Bourd. & Galz. Rotten pine
stumps. Sept.— Oct. Rare.
2133. M. aggregate Fr. Aggregate, clustered.
R. '5-2 cm., white, then pale, subiculum absent, or occasional. Teeth
subulate, short, free, arranged in groups. Spores hyaline, elliptical,
4-6 x 2-5-4 /A; basidia cylindrical or clavate, 10-20 x 3-5-5 /A. Hyphae
2-4 ju, in diam., thin walled, clamp connections sparse. Very old
rotten logs. Oct. Rare.
Hydnum (Linn.) Fr.
(vSvov, the old name for truffles.)
Receptacle fleshy, coriaceous, or corky, simple, or branched, pileate,
or coralloid, stipitate, or sessile. Stem central, lateral, or none. Spines
subulate, acute, distinct at the base. Flesh white, or coloured. Spores
white, or coloured, elliptical, oval, globose, subglobose, or angularly
globose, smooth, granular, verrucose, or echinulate ; basidia with 2-5-
sterigmata. Cystidia present, or absent. Micro- and macro-conidia
present in some species. Growing on the ground, or on wood.
I. St. central.
A. P. fleshy.
*Spores white.
2134. H. repandum (Linn.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 44.
Repandum, bent backwards.
P. 5-15 cm., pale buff flesh colour, or subrufescent, convex, somewJiat
repand, often irregular and excentric, smooth, or minutely floccose
and pruinose, firm; margin often lobed. St. 3-12 x 1-5-4 cm., white,
or pallid, ochraceous at the base, irregularly shaped. Spines white, then
flesh colour, 4-8 mm. long, decurrent, unequal, conical, entire, rarely
bifid, or tubular, brittle. Flesh white, firm, fragile, thick. Spores
white, subglobose, apiculate, 6-7 x 5-6/M. Smell pleasant. Taste
bitter. Edible. Woods. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
var. album Quel. Album, white.
Differs from the type in the milk white pileus. Woods. Sept. — Oct.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
HYDNUM 631
var. rufescens (Pers.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 88, as Hydnum re-
pandum. Rufescens, becoming reddish.
Differs from the type in being rufescent, in the smaller size of all its
parts, the non-decurrent spines and the slightly larger spores, 8-10/z,.
Woods. Aug. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
2135. H. fuligineo-album Schmidt. Boud. Icon. t. 168.
Fuligineus, sooty; album, white.
P. 5-15 cm., whitish, tinged rosy, or somewhat fuscous towards the
margin, convex, then expanded and depressed, often finally infundi-
buliform, repand, wavy, rather silky, smooth, disc often with darker
scales, or spots; margin at first involute. St. 4—5 x 1-1 -5 cm., whitish
rosy, or concolorous and slightly fuscous at the base, central, or ex-
centric, subequal, or attenuated at the base, subsquamulose, or gla-
brous. Spines white, becoming rosy reddish, slightly fuscous at the base,
6-8 mm. long, decurrent, subulate, or compressed, crowded. Flesh
white, rosy when broken, thick, firm. Spores "white, verrucose, sub-
reticulate, globose, 3-5 /A " Boud. Smell strong, unpleasant, "of
liquorice" Quel. Taste somewhat pleasant. Coniferous woods, and
adjoining pastures. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
2136. H. fragile Fr. Fragile, brittle.
P. 4—30 cm., pallid, soon cinereous, or brick rufescent, convex, then
plane and depressed, pubescent at first, becoming smooth, often zoned
towards the margin, and minutely squamulose, or wrinkled; margin
undulate, lobed. St. 4-8 x 1-5-10 cm., pallid, becoming rufescent or
cinereous, often incrassated at the base, unequal, smooth. Spines
whitish, then grey, 4-8 mm. long, scarcely decurrent, subulate, slender,
fragile. Flesh grey, or reddish, soft, thick, firm, sometimes zoned.
Spores white, subangularly globose, 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. Pine woods,
and moors. Sept. — Nov. Rare, but occasionally abundant, (v.v.)
2137. H. molle Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 2, upper figs. Molle, soft.
P. 6-11 cm., white, becoming greyish or tinged with chocolate, convex,
then umbilicate, or irregularly depressed, often wavy, covered with a
dense tomentose coat. St. 4-5 x 2 cm., white, then grey, equal, conical,
glabrous. Spines white, then grey, 6-8 mm. long, decurrent, acuminate,
thin, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellowish when broken, soft,
thick. Spores white, "globose, with a basal apiculus, 7 /A" Massee.
Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
**Spores coloured.
2138. H. imbricatum (Linn.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 71.
Imbricatum, covered with tiles.
P. 7-50 cm., umber, convex, then plane, often subumbilicate, and
finally infundibuliform, fioccose, tessulato-scaly. St. 2-5-7-5 x 2-5-
632 HYDNUM
5 cm., whitish, or concolorous, firm, smooth. Spines cinereous white,
10-12 mm. long, decurrent, subulate, thin. Flesh pale, then huffish or
reddish, thick, firm, sometimes zoned. Spores reddish brown, verru-
cose, oval or globose, 5-6 x 5p,, 1-guttulate. Taste bitter. Edible.
Coniferous woods. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2139. H. squamosum (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 273.
Squamosum, scaly.
P. 3-8 cm., rufous fuscous, convex, gibbous, then irregular and de-
pressed, smooth, breaking up into irregular, fibrillose, chestnut coloured
scales. St. 3-4 x 1-1-5 fj,, white, attenuated downwards, smooth.
Spines greyish fuscous, apex whitish, thin. Flesh whitish, thick, firm.
Spores "yellowish tawny, subglobose, 7/z, granular" Quel. Taste
pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
2140. H. scabrosum Fr. Scabrosum, rough.
P. 3—4 cm., umber ferruginous, turbinate, then plane, very convex
beneath, tomentose, then rough with fasciculate flocci, which form
minute crowded scales. St. 2-5 x 2-5 cm., cinereous, blackish at the
base, attenuated downwards, round, or compressed, dotted with the
rudimentary decurrent spines. Spines fuscous ferruginous, apex
whitish, 8 mm. long, decurrent, subulate, equal, crowded. Flesh white,
becoming blackish at the base of the stem, very thick, firm. Spores
reddish brown, verrucose, globose, 4-5/u,. Pine woods. Sept. Rare.
(v.v.)
2141. H. laevigatum (Swartz) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 138.
Laevigatum, made smooth.
P. 5—13 cm., greyish umber, at first often tinged with fuscous purple,
somewhat irregular, convex, then plane, or depressed, smooth, then
breaking up into minute squamules; margin incurved, pubescent.
St. 4-6 x 2-3 cm., greyish, or lilac colour, often excentric, subequal,
somewhat glabrous. Spines umber fuscous, apex whitish, 1-2-5 cm.
long, decurrent, large. Flesh whitish grey, pale lilac purple when young
and broken, thick, compact. Spores "somewhat fuscous, angularly
globose, tuberculose, 6-7 x 4-5/x" Bres. Taste somewhat bitter.
Smell strong, unpleasant, " d'immortelle sauvage when dried" Quel.
Edible. Pine woods. Aug. — Nov. Rare.
2142. H. acre Quel. Quel. Soc. bot. (1877), no. 36, t. 6, fig. 1.
Acre, sharp.
P. 10-12 cm., light yellow, then olivaceous, or bistre, plane, shaggy,
velvety. St. 3 x 2 cm., cream olivaceous, oval, often branched, villose.
Spines white, then brown, apex light yellow, decurrent, thin. Flesh
light yellow, watery. Spores light yellow, spinulose, 6/u,. Taste very
pungent, bitter and peppery. Poisonous. Pine, and chestnut woods,
and sandy places. Rare.
HYDNTJM 633
2143. H. infundibulum (Swartz) Fr. (= Hydnum fusipes Pers. sec.
Quel.) Pers. Myc. Eur. u, t. 20, figs. 4-6, as Hydnum fusipes
Pers. Infundibulum, a funnel.
P. 5-20 cm., brown, infundibuliform, lobed, unequal, smooth. St.
5-7-5 x 2-5 cm., white, then reddish or brownish, constricted at the
base, unequal, smooth. Spines white, then bay or brown, decurrent.
Flesh white, fleshy, fibrous, firm. Pine woods. Sept. Bare.
H. fusipes Pers. = Hydnum infundibulum (Swartz) Fr.
B. P. corky, or coriaceous, tough.
*Spores white.
2144. H. cinereum (Bull.) Fr. Cinereum, ash colour.
P. 5-9 cm., white, becoming greyish and tinged with lilac or chocolate,
convex, umbilicate. repand, at length often infundibuliform, minutely
tomentose, or pubescent; margin thin. St. 2-3 x -5 cm., white, then
grey, attenuated at the base, often branched, firm, glabrous. Spines
white, then grey, 1-2 mm. long, decurrent, thin. Flesh whitish, be-
coming ferruginous, corky, thin. Spores white, "6/i, granular" Quel.
Coniferous woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
2145. H. nigrum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 5, lower figs. Nigrum, black.
P. 2-10 cm., whitish, soon becoming azure-blue-black with the margin
whitish, club-shaped, then turbinate, at length flattened, piano-de-
pressed, tubercular, tomentose, sometimes zoned. St. 2-3 x -5-
1-5 cm., black, equal, often rooting at the base, unequal, thickened
at the tomentose base. Spines white, then grey, 2 mm. long, subulate,
thin. Flesh black, corky rigid. Spores white, minutely verrucose, sub-
globose, 4/n. Often connate. Coniferous woods. Sept. — Nov. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
2146. H. graveolens (Delast.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 6, upper figs.
Graveolens, strong smelling.
P. 2—5 cm., bistre becoming black, then cinereous with the margin
whitish, hemispherical, sinuate, often depressed at the centre, thin,
soft, rugose, silky. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 1-3 mm., fuscous black, thickened
at the apex, tough, equal, smooth. Spines white, then grey, -5-1 mm.
long, decurrent, thin. Flesh concolorous, or paler, coriaceous, rigid,
thin. Spores white, echinulate, globose, 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. Smell
strong of Fenugreek, or tincture of Belladonna. Often connate. Coni-
ferous woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2147. H. melaleucum Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 272, as Hydnum pullum
Schaeff. /ie\a<?, black; Xeu«o9, white.
P. 1-5-3 cm., greyish violet, or bistre, then black with the margin white,
634 HYDNTJM
plane, irregular, striate, rigid, with little elevations at the disc, silky.
St. 1-5-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., black, enlarged at the apex, smooth. Spines
white, then flesh colour, -5-1 mm. long, slender, thin. Flesh violaceous,
or black, coriaceous, thin, firm, sometimes zoned. Spores white, glo-
bose, 2-5-3/n. Caespitose. Pine woods. Sept. — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
2148. H. cyathiforme (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 139.
KvaOos, a cup; forma, shape.
P. 2-5-6 cm., pale cinereous, or lilac, with the margin white, plane,
then cup-shaped, or infundibuliform, sometimes zoned, silky, disc
subtomentose. St. 2-3 cm. x 5-8 mm., pale cinereous, often violet,
equal, smooth. Spines white, -5-1 mm. long, very slender. Flesh
white, becoming greyish or ferruginous, coriaceous, thin. Spores white,
echinulate, globose, 3/z, 1-guttulate. Often connate. Woods. Aug.—
Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**Spores coloured.
2149. H. compactum (Pers.) Fr. Compactum, strongly built.
P. 2-5-15 cm., white, soon becoming olivaceous cinereous or fuscous,
plane, flat, irregularly shaped, sometimes almost sessile, undulated,
tuberculose, densely covered with whitish down when young; margin
becoming bluish, lobed, waved, thick. St. 2-3 x 2-3-5 cm., tawny in-
clined to fuscous, irregularly shaped. Spines fuscous, apex pallid,
2-7 mm. long, decurrent, subulate. Flesh zoned with azure blue, in-
tervals between the zones whitish, somewhat blood red in the stem, corky,
compact, firm, very thick. Spores light reddish brown, minutely ver-
rucose, angularly globose, 4-5/x,, 1-guttulate. Often connate. Coni-
ferous woods, and moors. Aug. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2150. H. aurantiacum (A. & S.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 142.
Aurantiacum, golden.
P. 2-5-15 cm., whitish, soon orange yellow with a white margin,
turbinato-dilated, with small elevations, at first covered with white down.
St. 2-5 x 1-3 cm., orange, obconic, or equal. Spines whitish, becoming
orange, and at length fuscous, 2-4 mm. long, decurrent, subulate. Flesh
tawny orange, zoned, corky, compact, thick. Spores yellowish, verru-
cose, angularly globose, 4-6 x 4-5/t*, multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant.
Woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2151. H. ferrugineum Fr. (= Hydnum floriforme (Schaeff.) Quel.)
Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 143.
Ferrugineum, of the colour of iron rust.
P. 2-5-10 cm., white, and exuding blood red drops, then variegated
with blood red zones, and finally entirely reddish brown or ferruginous,
with the margin white, obconic, hemispherical, then expanded and
depressed or cyathiform, at first covered with white down, rugose. St.
HYDNUM 635
4-8 x 1-5-2-5 cm., fuscous ferruginous, often becoming blackish, un-
equal, compressed, or sulcate, attenuated, or incrassated at the base,
slightly tomentose, becoming smooth. Spines white, soon fuscous
ferruginous, 3-5 mm. long, decurrent, subulate, equal. Flesh ferrugi-
nous, becoming blackish with age especially in the stem, zoned, spongy
corky, thick. Spores fuscous, minutely verrucose, angularly globose,
3-4/Li. Smell slightly pleasant. Coniferous woods, and moors. Aug. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2152. H. scrobiculatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 5, upper figs.
Scrobiculatum, pitted.
P. 2-5—10 cm., ferruginous, becoming paler, plane, depressed and
cyathiform, or rarely infundibuliform, pubescent, disc slightly pitted
and scaly. St. 1-4 x 1—2-5 cm., concolorous, or darker, equal, often
rooting, smooth. Spines concolorous, apex flesh colour, becoming fuscous,
2—5 mm. long, subdecurrent, thin, fragile. Flesh ferruginous, be-
coming paler, zoned, corky coriaceous, thick. Spores pale reddish
brown, angularly globose, 4/x. Often confluent. Coniferous woods,
and moors. Aug. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2153. H. zonatum (Batsch) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 99, no. 218.
Zonatum, zoned.
P. 2-5-5 cm., ferruginous, becoming paler when dry, plane, then de-
pressed and cyathiform, zoned, radiato-rugose, silky, becoming smooth;
margin thin. St. 2-5 cm. x 4—6 mm., concolorous, or paler, thickened
at the base, equal, floccose. Spines pallid, apex grey and glistening,
then ferruginous, 1-3 mm. long, thin. Flesh concolorous, coriaceous,
fibrous, thin. Spores pale reddish brown, echinulate, globose, 3-4/x,
1-guttulate. Coniferous, and frondose woods. Aug. — Nov. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
2154. H. Queletii Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 20, fig. 2.
Lucien Quelet, the eminent mycologist.
P. 2—3 cm., bright chestnut, becoming dark fuscous, plane, then um-
bilicate, silky, disc with thin, crowded, radiating tufts and wrinkles;
margin white. St. 1—2 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, silky, base
floccose. Spines grey, then bay brown, 1-2 mm. long, decurrent, thin.
Flesh concolorous, or reddish, paler at the apex of the p., corky mem-
branaceous, thin. Spores yellowish, minutely verrucose, globose,
3-4/n. Often confluent. Frondose woods. Sept.— Oct. Uncommon.
(*«.)
II. St. lateral.
2155. H. auriscalpium (Linn.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 196.
Auriscalpium, ear-pick.
P. 1-2 cm., pallid, or flesh colour, then date brown and blackish,
dimidiate, reniform, rarely hemispherical, hairy; margin sometimes
636 HYDNUM
lobed. St. 3-8 cm. x 1-4 mm., ochraceous, then concolorous, vertical,
lateral, rarely central, hairy, rooted. Spines yellowish, or flesh colour,
then cinereous and brown, 1-3 mm. long, coriaceous, thin, crowded.
Spores white, minutely echinulate, globose, 4-5/z. Cones of conifers.
May — Feb. Common, (v.v.)
III. Very much branched, or tuberculiform, and immarginate.
2156. H. coralloides (Scop.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 100, no. 221.
Kopd\\tov, coral; eZSo?, like.
P. 10-40 cm., shining white, at length yellowish, very much branched,
entirely broken up into attenuated, intricate branches, arising from a
thick trunk; primary branches, 12-20 mm. thick, ultimate ones,
1-2 mm. thick, pruinose. Spines white, becoming yellowish, 6-10 mm.
long, fasciculate, subulate, entire, unilateral. Flesh white, fleshy
fibrous. Spores white, globose, 4/u,, with a large central gutta. Edible.
Decayed fir, beech, ash, birch, and oak trunks. Oct. — Nov. Rare.
(v.v.)
2157. H. erinaceus (Bull.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 100, no. 220.
Erinaceus, a hedgehog.
P. 5-30 cm., white, then yellowish, spathulate, or epaulet-shape,
pendulous, tubercular, immarginate, torn into fibrils above. St. some-
times rudimentary. Spines white, 3-6 cm. long, pendulous, straight,
equal, simple, crowded, pruinose. Flesh white, unchangeable, thick,
lacunose, tough, very soft, elastic. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 /u.,
with a large central gutta. Taste acid, then sweet. Edible. Beech,
oak, hornbeam, and alder trunks. Sept. — Dec. Rare, (v.v.)
2158. H. caput-Medusae (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 412.
Caput, head; Medusae, of a Medusa.
P. 7-10 cm., white, then fuliginous cinereous, globose, tuberculiform,
substipitate, covered all over with spines. Spines on upper surface dis-
torted, the lower ones, 10-20 mm. long, straight. Flesh white, fibrillose,
soft. Trunks. Rare.
2159. H. setosum (Pers.) Bres. (= Hydnum Schiedermayeri Heufl. ;
Dryodon luteocarneum (Seer.) Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 38, fig. 4,
as Hydnum Schiedermayeri Heufl. Setosum, bristly.
P. 15-30 cm., sulphur, then flesh colour, becoming rufescent on ex-
posure to the sun, broadly effused, immarginate, tubercular, stalactite-
like, pruinose. Spines sulphur flesh colour, apex white fimbriate, in-
cised, 3-5 mm. long, subulate, often fasciculate, compressed, chan-
nelled, intermixed with shorter conical spines, crowded. Flesh white,
sulphur near the exterior, cheesy, juicy, firm, lacunose, sometimes
bearing spines in the inside. Spores white, pale ochraceous, sub-
HYDNUM 637
globose, 4-5 x 3-5-4/z, 1-guttulate. Mycelium citron yellow. Taste
unpleasant, acid. Old apple trunks. Aug. — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
2160. H. squalinum Fr. Ray, Syn. t. 1, fig. 5.
Squalinum, pertaining to a shark.
P. 2-8 cm., pale wood colour, suborbicular, then confluent, adnate,
waxy, pruinose, villose, becoming smooth; margin white, villose, thin.
Spines yellowish amber, becoming fuscous, base brownish, 2-3 mm.
long, acute, subdivided, or entire, stout, compressed, connate, trans-
lucid. Flesh white, coriaceous, firm, thick. Spores "yellowish, echinu-
late, oval, 4/u," Quel. Dead beech trunks. Sept. — Oct. Rare.
IV. P. sessile, dimidiate, marginate, often effuso-reflexed.
2161. H. cirrnatum (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 71, fig. 1.
Cirrhatum, curled.
P. 5-10 cm., pallid, varying white, light yellowish, or rufescent,
effused, then reflexed, dimidiate, shell-shaped, often imbricate, brist-
ling above with sterile spines or scattered, flexuose fibres; margin pink,
incurved, fimbriate. Spines cream colour, 10-15 mm. long, subulate,
tough, elastic, equal, thin. Flesh white, then pinkish cream colour,
corky soft, thick. Spores white, " subelliptical, 3-5-4 x 2-75-3 ft, often
1-guttulate, becoming blue with iodine" Bourd. & Galz. Taste and
smell pleasant. Edible. Oak, beech, birch, and fir trunks. Aug. —
Sept. Uncommon.
2162. H. diversidens Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 71, fig. 2.
Diver sus, different; dens, tooth.
P. 5-13 cm., white, then yellowish, or flesh colour, dimidiate, shell-
shaped, often very irregularly shaped, here and there lobed, sessile,
or substipitate, often imbricate, densely beset above with erect, variously
shaped, incised teeth; margin membranaceous, lobed, clothed with club-
shaped spines. Spines white, 6—12 mm. long, subulate, entire, regular,
pubescent. Flesh whitish, soft, moist. Spores white, "oval globose,
3-4 ju, with a large central gutta" Quel. Taste pleasant. Edible.
Beech, birch, hornbeam, and oak stumps. Oct. Rare.
2163. H. pulcherrimum Berk. & Curt. Pulcherrimum, very beautiful.
P. 3 cm., white, shaded pale tawny, pulvinate, dimidiate, expanded,
subimbricate, stiffly downy ; margin lobed, thin. Spines tawny, 3-5 mm.
long, variable in size. Flesh fibrous. Oct. Rare.
2164. H. multiplex Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 6, lower figs.
Multiplex, with many folds.
P. 8-10 cm., date brown, becoming fuscous, reniform, spathulate,
wedge-shaped, densely imbricate, connate in very numerous flabelli-
form, connate pilei, radiately striate, velvety, produced behind into a
638 HYDNTJM
common, fusiform stem, 12mm. and more long; margin at first be-
coming white, then concolorous, acute. Spines whitish cinereous, or lead
colour, then date brown, short, slender, very crowded. Flesh becoming
fuscous, coriaceous, thin, pliant. Rare.
H.fusco-atrum Fr. = Acia fusco-atra (Fr.) Pat.
H. membranaceum Fr. = Acia membranacea (Fr. non Bull.) Bourd. &
Galz.
H. membranaceum Bull. = Radulum molare Fr.
H. Weinmannii Fr. = Acia fusco-atra (Fr.) Pat. sec. Bres.
H. crinale Fr. = Caldesiella crinalis (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz.
H. ferruginosum Fr. = Caldesiella crinalis (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz.
H. variecolor Fr. = var. of Sistotrema sulphureum Quel. sec. Bourd.
& Galz.
H. aureum Fr. = Odontia aurea (Fr.) Quel.
H. denticulatum (Pers.) Fr. = Acia denticulata (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz.
H. alutaceum Fr. = Odontia arguta (Fr.) Quel. var. alutacea (Fr.)
Bourd. & Galz.
H. sulphureum Schwein. = Odontia sulphur ea (Schwein.) Rea.
H. sordidum Weinm. = Merulius pinastri (Fr.) Burt.
H. limonicolor B. & Br. = Odontia limonicolor (B. & Br.) Quel.
H, pinastri Fr. = Merulius pinastri (Fr.) Burt.
H. spathulatum (Schwein.) Fr. = Odontia spathulata (Schwein.) Rea.
H. multiforme B. & Br. = Odontia multiformis (B. & Br.) Rea.
H. anomalum B. & Br. = Odontia anomala (B. & Br.) Rea.
H. melleum B. & Br. = Odontia mellea (B. & Br.) Rea.
H. viride (A. & S.) Fr. = Caldesiella viridis (A. & S.) Pat.
H. udum Fr. = Acia uda (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz.
H. Hollii (Schmidt) Fr. = Odontia Hoffli (Schmidt) Rea.
H. bicolor (A. & S.) Fr. = Odontia bicolor (A. & S.) Bres.
H. nodulosum Fr. = Acia stenodon (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. var. nodu-
losa (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz.
H. niveum (Pers.) Fr. = Grandinia farinacea (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz.
H. farinaceum (Pers.) Fr. = Grandinia farinacea (Pers.) Bourd. &
Galz.
H. argutum Fr. = Odontia arguta (Fr.) Quel. .
H. stipatum Fr. = Odontia stipata (Fr.) Quel.
H. subtile Fr. - Odontia bicolor (A. & S.) Bres.
H. Stevensonii B. & Br. = Odontia Stevensonii (B. & Br.) Rea.
H. plumosum Duby = Odontia plumosa (Duby) Rea.
MYCOLEPTODON. RADULUM 639
Mycoleptodon Pat. (= Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. p.p.).
(/j,vtCT)<;, fungus; XCTTTO?, thin; oSwv, tooth.)
Receptacle membranaceous-coriaceous, thin, firm, resupinate, or
reflexed. Spines simple, firm, cylindrical, pointed, hispid at the apex;
none, or reduced in size at the margin. Spores white, ovoid, oboval,
subelliptical, or oblong, smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cys-
tidia present, abundant at the apex of the spines. Growing on wood,
more rarely on humus.
2165. M. ochraceum (Pers.) Pat. (= Hydnum ochraceum (Pers.) Fr. ;
Hydnum pudorinum Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz.) Pers. Syn. t. v,
fig. 5, as Hydnum ochraceum. Ochraceum, ochre-yellow.
R. 2-5-7-5 cm., white, or pale ochraceous, rounded, then confluent,
effused, or effuso-reflexed and dimidiate, tomentose, sometimes nar-
rowly grooved, zoned; margin white, membranaceous, subfimbriate,
pubescent. Spines ochraceous flesh colour, subulate, very small, hispid
at the apex, shorter at the margin. Flesh whitish, thin, coriaceous.
Spores white, "oboval oblong, 3-4 x 2-2-5/x, often 1-guttulate. Cys-
tidia claviform, or fusiform, 24-100 x 5-10/x, thick walled, or
incrusted" Bourd. & Galz. Dead branches. Jan. — Dec. Common.
(v.v.)
2166. M. fimbriatum (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Odontia fimbriata
(Pers.) Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 196, fig. 1, as Odontia fimbriata (Pers.)
Fimbriatum, fringed.
R. 2-20 cm., fawn colour, cinnamon, or pale buff, often tinged with
lilac, effused, separable, veined, or traversed by root-like ribs; margin
fibrilloso-fringed. Spines rufescent, minute, blunt, in the form of
granules, crowned with hyaline hairs. Flesh membranaceous-coriaceous,
thin. Spores white, "ovoid, subelliptical, sometimes slightly de-
pressed, 3-5-4-5 x 1-75-3/i. Cystidia claviform, or fusiform, 7-9/x
in diam., thick walled, rugose, or incrusted, often obtuse and slightly
bent" Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, and humus. Jan. — Dec. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
Radulum F r.
(Radula, a rasp.)
Receptacle resupinate, effused, waxy, or membranaceous waxy.
Tubercles or spines, thick, deformed, obtuse, simple, or branched,
irregularly scattered, or confluent and tooth-like. Spores white, or
coloured, elliptical, subglobose, or cylindric oblong, smooth. Cystidia
none, cystidioles (sterile basidia) sometimes present. Growing on
wood.
R. pendulum Fr. = Corticium subcostatum Karst. sec. Bourd. & Galz.
640 RADTJLUM
2167. R. orbiculare Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 278. Orbiculare, round.
R. 2-5-15 cm., white, then yellowish, orbicular, confluent; margin
white, byssoid, membranaceous. Tubercles concolorous, or dingy flesh
colour, 2-6 mm. long, cylindrical, scattered, or fasciculate. Flesh
whitish, or yellowish, waxy fleshy, thin, 2-4 mm. thick. Spores white,
cylindric oblong, slightly curved, 8-12 x 3-5/u,. Dead bark of birch,
cherry, willow, aspen, hornbeam, pine, and fir. Jan. — Dec. Common.
(v.v.)
var. junquillinum Quel. Junquillinum, bright yellow.
Differs from the type in its bright yellow colour. Pine. March. Un-
common, (v.v.)
2168. R. quercinum Fr. (= Radulum fagineum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Bourd.
& Galz.) Quercinum, pertaining to oak.
R. 5-30 cm., white, then pallid or tan colour, somewhat round, then
broadly confluent, adnate, often throwing back the bark; margin
white, villose^occose. Tubercles concolorous, 4-6 mm. long, cylindrical,
obtuse, pointed, or toothed, scattered, or fasciculate, often villose at
the apex. Flesh whitish, or yellowish, crustaceous waxy, thin, 2-4 mm.
thick. Spores white, oblong subcylindric, very slightly depressed on
one side, 5-7-8-5 x 2-5-4 JLI, guttulate" Bourd. & Galz. Fallen
branches, especially oak, also worked wood. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2169. R. molare Fr. (= Radulum membranaceum (Bull.) Bres. ; ? Cor-
ticium confluens Fr. a form sec. Bourd. & Galz.) Pers. Myc.
Eur. n, t. 22, fig. 1, as Sistotrema molariforme Pers.
Molare, a molar tooth.
R. 5-10 cm., pale, yellowish, or tan colour, orbicular, confluent,
widely effused, adnate, firm, cracked when dry; margin byssoid, or
radiately fibrillose. Tubercles concolorous, 2-3 mm. long, deformed,
cylindrical or conical, scattered, or confluent and connate, smooth,
or fimbriate. Flesh whitish^ waxy, thin. Spores white, "elliptical,
subglobose, 7-5-9-13 x 5-7-8^" Bourd. & Galz. Fallen oak, -and
birch branches. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2170. R. mucidum (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. nee Hydnum mucidum Fr.
Mucidum, mucid.
R. 5-10 cm., yellow, effused, separable, more or less nodular, gla-
brous, or pubescent; margin fibrillose. Tubercles concolorous, short,
scattered, subulate, elongate when growing on an upright surface.
Flesh yellowish, soft, thin. Spores ferruginous in the mass, very pale
yellow under the microscope, elliptical to subglobose, with a lateral
apiculus, 4-5 x 3-5-4/z, 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, 7/n in diam.
with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae thin walled, frequently septate, with
clamp connections, 4-7 /u, in diam. Inside a hollow stump, and grow-
ing over living stems of ivy. Nov. Rare, (v.v.)
BADTILUM. ACIA 641
2171. R. tomentosum Fr. (? = var. of Odontia arguta (Fr.) Quel. sec.
Bourd. & Galz.) Tomentosum, downy.
R. 2-5-13 cm., white, then yellowish, pallid wood colour when dry,
effused, irregular, innate; margin whitish, sometimes becoming ferrugi-
nous, swollen, erect, tomentose. Tubercles white, short, angular, obtuse,
crowded, confluent, smooth. Flesh floccose, crustaceous. Spores
white, " cylindric-oblong, slightly thinner, curved and apiculate at
the base, 8 x 4 /A" Massee. Pyrus aucuparia, willow, and pine saw-
dust. Nov. — Dec. Rare, (v.v.)
R. deglubens B. & Br. - Eichleriella spinulosa (Berk. & Curt.) Burt
sec. Wakef.
2172. R. corallinum B. & Br. Kopd\\iov, coral; eZSo<?, like.
R. 5-15 cm., white, effused, shining. Tubercles white, 4-6 mm. long,
fasciculate (fascicles 6 rnm. across), very irregular, coralloid, divided
downwards. Flesh very thin, pelliculose. Spores white, "subglobose,
apiculate, 5/z" Massee. Lichen covered oak branches. Sept. Rare.
2173. R. epileucum B. & Br. eTrtXeu/eo?, whitish.
R. 5-20 cm., ochrey white, widely effused, adnate. Tubercles pale
ochraceous, 2-4 mm. long, scattered, cylindrical, fimbriate at the apex,
deciduous, brittle. Flesh snow white, very thin, upper portion waxy.
Spores white, "cylindrical, slightly curved, 6-7 x 3-3-5/z" Massee.
Decorticated wood. Aug. Rare.
R.fagineum (Pers.) Fr. = Radulum quercinum Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz.
R. laetum Fr. = Peniophora incarnata (Pers.) Cke. var. hydnoidea
(Pers.) Bourd. & Galz.
R. botrytes Fr. = Corticium comedens (Nees) Fr. sec. Quel.
R. aterrimum Fr. = Corticium nigrescens (Schrad.) Fr. sec. Quel. ;
Eutypa hydnoidea (Fr.) von Hoehn.
Acia Karst. (=Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. p.p.).
(d/crf, a point.)
Receptacle resupinate, effused, waxy, inseparable. Spines subu-
late, generally entire, distinct, or connate at the base. Flesh dense.
Spores white, elliptical, oblong elliptical, or oblong subelliptical,
smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata, with or without sterile basidia
(cystidioles). Cystidia none. Growing on wood.
2174. A. uda (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum udum Fr.)
Uda, moist.
R. 5-13 cm., bright sulphur colour, lemon yellow, flesh colour, or
olivaceous, becoming watery yellowish, widely effused, adnate, smooth ;
margin lemon yellow, pruinose, or fibrillose. Spines concolorous, or
yellowish flesh colour, becoming tawny, 1-2 mm. long, subulate, thin,
41
642 ACIA
entire, or toothed. Flesh yellowish, white next the matrix, waxy, soft,
subgelatinous. Spores white, "elliptical, scarcely depressed on the
side, 4-6-5 x 2-3-5 ju,; basidia 9-15-20 x 3-4-5^. Hyphae thin walled,
1-5-3-5/x. in diam., emerging as a sterile bundle at the apex of the
spines, somewhat broader, 4-5-6 p in diam. and rough with prismatic
crystals" Bourd. & G-alz. Smell pleasant, often of anise. Dead
branches. Sept. — April. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2175. A. denticulata (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum denticulatum
(Pers.) Fr.) Denticulata, toothed.
R. 3-6 cm., light yellow ochraceous, then fawn colour, longitudinally
effused, pruinose ; margin narrow, somewhat radiating. Spines bright
yellow, then tawny, 2-3 mm. long, subulate, toothed and ciliated in the
upper half, crowded. Flesh waxy, membranaceous, thin. Spores
white, "oblong elliptical, slightly depressed on the side, 5-6 x 2/t;
basidia 12-15 x 3-4/z, accompanied by fusiform, sterile basidia, often
crowned by a resinous or oily globule. Hyphae thick walled, 2-3 fj. in
diam., forming bundles which divide and give rise to sterile emer-
gences along the spines and at their apex" Bourd. & Galz. Smell
pleasant, of anise when fresh. Rotten wood, especially alder. June —
April. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2176. A. stenodon (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz.
<rTez/o9, narrow; o&wv, a tooth.
R. 7-5-10 cm., yellowish, effused, adnate; margin white, narrow,
byssoid, radially fibrillose, or pubescent. Spines whitish hyaline, then
ochraceous, and finally tawny, 1-3 mm. long, thin, crowded, or connate
at the base, entire, or fimbriate and ciliate, sometimes branched.
Flesh waxy, fleshy, thin. Spores white, "oblong elliptical, depressed
on the side, 3-4-5-(6-5) x 1-5-2-75 /a, often 2-guttulate; basidia 9-14-
28 x 3-4(-7)/A. Hyphae thin walled, 2-3 /A in diam., prolonged into
a sterile point, and enlarged at the apex, 4-6/u, in diam." Bourd. &
Galz. Fallen branches. Jan. — Dec. Type not yet recorded for Britain.
var. nodulosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum nodulosum Fr.)
Nodulosa, nodulose.
Differs from the type in its nodulose, or tuberculose habit, and its
pendant, connate, often compressed, and channelled, 2-5 mm. long spines.
Fir, oak, ash stumps, and fallen branches. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
2177. A. fusco-atra (Fr.) Pat. (= Hydnum fusco-atrum Fr.; Hydnum
Weinmannii Fr. sec. Bres.) Fuscus, dark; atra, black.
R. 5-15 cm., glaucous, then ferruginous fuscous, widely effused, very
adnate, flocculoso-pruinose ; margin white, or greyish, similar or fim-
briate. Spines greyish glaucous, or fawn colour, becoming brownish
black, apex grey for a long time, 1—2 mm. long, conico- subulate, acute,
entire. Flesh crustaceous, waxy, thin. Spores "faintly coloured, sub-
ACIA. GRANDINIA 643
elliptical, scarcely depressed on the side, 4-5-6 x 2-3 /LI; basidia 12-
24 x 3-5-4-5 ^i, accompanied at the apex of the spines, with fusiform
sterile basidia, slightly projecting. Hyphae thin walled, or slightly
thickened, 3— 4 fj, in diam., with rare clamp connections" Bourd. &
Galz. Fallen branches of ash. Nov. — March. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2178. A. membranacea (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum membrana-
ceum Fr. non Bull.) Membranacea, membranaceous.
R. 3—7 cm., tawny ferruginous, becoming livid and finally brown,
effused, very adnate, smooth; margin similar, attenuate. Spines con-
colorous, 1-2 mm. long, subulate, thin, crowded, acute. Flesh waxy
membranaceous, thin. Spores white, "oblong subcylindrical, scarcely
depressed on the side, 4-5-5 x 2-2-75/x,; basidia 9-24 x 3-5-4-5/x,
accompanied by subulate sterile basidia, slightly projecting. Hyphae
thin walled, 2-5-4ju, in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Fallen branches of elm,
and oak. Sept. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Grandinia (Fr.) Pat. (= Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. p.p.).
(Grando, hail.)
Receptacle resupinate, effused, membranaceous, or crustaceous.
Tubercles or spines hemispherical, obtuse, or subulate and entire.
Spores white, or yellowish, ovoid, elliptical, globose, subglobose,
obovate, or oblong; smooth, punctate, verrucose, or echinulate;
basidia with 2-8-sterigmata accompanied, or not, with sterile basidia
(cystidioles). Cystidia none. Growing on wood.
*Spores subglobose.
fSpores echinulate.
2179. G. farinacea (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum farinaceum
(Pers.) Fr.; Hydnum niveum (Pers.) Fr.) Farinacea, mealy.
R. 2—13 cm., snow white, then cream, or tan, widely effused, inde-
terminate, closely adnate, mealy; margin byssoid, minutely fibrillose,
or pruinose. Spines white, 1-2 mm. long, generally crowded, subulate,
rarely dentate, sometimes confluent and crested, or granular, very
soft, fragile. Flesh white, thin, floccose, or membranaceous, con-
taining oxalate crystals. Spores white, minutely echinulate, ovoid,
or globose, 3-4/*; basidia 6-12-21 x 3-5 /x, with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-
4-5/M long. Hyphae very thin walled, with clamp connections and
swollen at the septa. Dead wood, branches, sticks, and leaves. Jan. —
Dec. Common, (v.v.)
ffSpores smooth, rarely punctate, or rough.
2180. G. helvetica (Pers.) Fr. Helvetica, Swiss.
R. 2-5 cm., pale yellowish to deep ochraceous when fresh, drying
alutaceous, or sometimes with a faint greyish tinge, effused, separable,
41—2
644 GRANDINIA
margin reticulately fibrillose. Tubercles yellowish, irregular, sub-
globose, soon collapsing, small, pulverulent, crowded. Flesh yellowish,
pelliculose, or membranaceous, waxy, thin. Spores yellowish, sub-
globose, or obovate, pointed at the base, 3-5-6 x 3-4//,, 1-guttulate;
basidia cylindrical, or clavate, 20-35 x 6-9 /t, with 4 slightly curved
sterigmata, 3-7 x l^t. Basal hyphae yellowish, 4-8 /z in diam., with
occasional clamp connections, often united to form long branching
strands. Fallen branches. May — Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2181. G. mutabilis (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Grandinia granulosa
Pers. sec. Bourd. & Maire.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 141, fig. 2, as
Odontia olivascens Bres. Mutabilis, changeable.
R. 2—5 cm., chalk white, or cream colour, then glaucous, becoming
yellowish, tan, or apple green when dried, effused, adnate, dry, friable ;
margin subsimilar, or pruinosely pubescent. Granules concolorous,
hemispherical, rarely subcylindrical, scattered, or rather crowded.
Flesh yellowish, somewhat waxy, then floccose. Spores white,
"smooth, rarely rough with a few scattered warts, 3-5-5-5 x 3-5 fj,;
basidia 9-12-21 x 4-5-6-8 p., with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-5 ^ long. Hyphae
thin walled, 3-7 /u, in diam., with very rare clamp connections" Bourd.
& Galz. Dead wood, and branches. Jan. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**Spores oblong, or elliptical.
2182. G. granulosa Fr. Granulosa, granular.
R. 2-12 cm., tan colour, broadly effused, closely adnate; margin
determinate, smooth. Granules concolorous, hemispherical, equal,
crowded. Flesh yellowish, waxy, very thin. Spores white, "oblong,
6 x 4/i. Hyphae thick walled, 3-5 \L in diam., dichotomously branched"
Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, and branches. Oct. — May. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
2183. G. Brinkmannii (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc.
vi, text figs. p. 74. W. Brinkmann.
R. 2—5 cm., pure white, becoming yellowish with age, effused, very
adnate, indeterminate, pruinose, waxy, then dry and chalky; margin
pruinose, or minutely fibrillose. Granules concolorous, minute at first,
then wart-like, or forming short spines, crowded. Flesh concolorous,
loose, sparse, containing numerous crystals of calcium oxalate. Spores
white, elliptical, flattened on one side, 4 x 2/x; basidia clavate, 15 x
4/x, with 4-6-8 curved sterigmata, 2-3/u, long. Hyphae indistinct,
soon collapsing, 4ju, in diam., septate, with clamp connections. Birch
bark. Nov. — March. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2184. G. rnucida Fr. (Near Corticium ochraceum Fr. sec. Bres. ex
Bourd. & Galz.) Fr. Icon. t. 195, fig. 3. Mucida, mucid.
R. 2-10 cm., pale yellowish, effused, subinnate, corrugated when
GRANDINIA. ODONTIA 645
dry ; margin indeterminate, somewhat radiating. Granules concolorous,
hemispherical, large, unequal, crowded, soft. Flesh yellowish, waxy,
subgelatinous. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3/z, 1-guttulate. Rotten
bark, and pine wood. May — Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
G. ocellata Fr. = Corticium lividum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Bres.
G. papillosa Fr. = Odontia papillosa (Fr.) Bres.
G. crustosa (Pers.) Fr. = Odontia crustosa (Pers.) Quel.
Odontia (Pers.) Pat. (=Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. p.p.).
(oSou?, a tooth.)
Receptacle resupinate, effused, membranaceous, crustaceous, or
pruinose, rarely waxy, gelatinous or subcartilaginous. Spines conical,
multifid, penicillate, or ciliate. Spores white, elliptical, globose, sub-
globose, pip-shaped, oboval, or cylindrical; smooth, rough, muricu-
late, or echinulate; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia present.
Growing on wood.
*Waxy membranaceous, gelatinous, or subcartilaginous.
2185. 0. sudans (A. & S.) Bres. (= Dacryobolus sudans (A. & S.) Fr. ;
Porothelium confusum B. & Br. ; Porothelium Stevensonii B. &
Br. sec. Wakef.) Sudans, sweating.
R. 3-10 cm., whitish cream, or pallid, effused, scarcely separable,
very smooth; margin similar, byssoid, or mealy. Spines concolorous,
granular, cup-shaped, conical, or truncate, short, scattered, bearing
at the apex a viscid, resinous, diaphanous, amber yellow globule, rarely
terminated by a bundle of cystidia. Flesh yellowish, waxy membrana-
ceous. Spores white, "cylindrical, slightly curved, 5-6-8 x 1-1-75 /x;
basidia 15-24 x 3-4/A, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 2-3/x, long. Cys-
tidia tubular, 0-3-septate, 60-150 x 3-5-5 /u,, emerging in tufts.
Hyphae either thick or thin walled, 1-3 fj, in diam., coherent" Bourd.
& Galz. Dead conifer branches, and wood. Jan. — Dec. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
2186. 0. Hollii (Schmidt) Rea. (=Hydnum Hollii (Schmidt) Fr.) »
F. Holl.
R. 10-90 cm., fuscous lilac, orbicular, then confluent and very
widely effused, adnate; margin white. Spines concolorous, 2-4 mm.
long, deformed, fasciculate, incised. Flesh concolorous, waxy mem-
branaceous, floccose, thin. Decorticated wood. Oct. Rare.
2187. 0. anomala (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Hydnum anomalum B. & Br.)
B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 1438, with fig.
dva>/j,a\o<;, uneven.
R. 4-6 cm., pallid light yellow, effused. Spines concolorous, granular,
646 ODONTIA
then stipitate and obtusely divided upwards, tough. Flesh concolo-
rous, gelatinous, thin. Spores "globose, shortly pedicellate" Massee.
Inside of very rotten oak tree. March. Rare.
2188. 0. aurea (Fr.) Quel. (= Hydnum aureum Fr.) Aurea, golden.
R. 5-13 cm., golden, at first nodular, then confluent and irregu-
larly effused, adnate, mealy; margin white, becoming violet when dry,
radiately strigose. Spines concolorous, apex white, 2 mm. long, seta-
ceous, subulate, equal, entire, crowded. Flesh concolorous, subcartilagi-
nous, thin. Spores white, "muriculate, subglobose, 4-5 JLI" Massee.
Mycelium penetrating the wood, and forming a yellow flesh colour
circumscribing zone. Dead branches. Dec. Rare.
**Membranaceous, floccose, or mealy.
2189. 0. stipata (Fr.) Quel. (= Hydnum stipatum Fr.) Fr. Icon. t.
194, fig. 2, as Hydnum stipatum Fr. Stipata, crowded.
R. 3-8 cm., white, then isabelline, or light yellowish, very widely
effused, flocculoso-furfuraceous ; margin similar, sterile, sometimes
swollen and tomentose, rarely membranaceous and silky. Spines
white, then concolorous, granular, becoming subulate and pointed,
minutely toothed, thin, crowded, soft. Flesh concolorous, floccose, thin.
Spores white, "oblong, 3-4-6-5 x 2-5-3-4/i; basidia 9-18 x 3-4-6/z,
with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 3/n long. Cystidia firm, 2-4/z in diam.,
emerging in tufts. Hyphae thin walled, 1-5-3-5 /A in diam., with
clamp connections, intermixed with yellowish, firm, thick walled
hyphae which become coloured with eosin" Bourd. & Galz. Stumps
and fallen branches of deciduous trees. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
2190- 0. barba-Jovis (With.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 328, as Hydnum
barba-Jovis. Barba, beard; Jovis, of Jupiter.
R. 5-20 cm., white, then yellowish, effused, slightly adnate, floccose;
margin narrow, byssoid, pubescent. Spines concolorous, 1—2 mm. long,
subulate, with one or many very thin points, more or less bristly on
the sides, sometimes with an orange fringe at the apex. Flesh con-
colorous, floccose, membranaceous, loose. Spores white, " oboval, or
subglobose, obliquely attenuated, or apiculate at the base, 4-7 x
3-5-4-5 ju,, often 1-guttulate; basidia 15-24-30 x 4-6/it. Cystidia
cylindrical, or narrowly clavate, 60-600 x 4-5-7 /i, generally fascicu-
late (often poorly differentiated, with thin walls, 1-2-septate), thick
walled at the base, with a narrow channel insensibly enlarged upwards
where the walls become thinner. Hyphae thin walled, or scarcely
thickened, 2-5-4/i in diam., with clamp connections, and coloured
by eosin" Bourd. & Galz. Wood, and branches of conifers. July —
Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
ODONTIA 647
2191. 0. limonicolor (B. & Br.) Quel. (= Hydnum limonicolor B. &
Br.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 11, fig. 2, as Hydnum Bresadolae Quel.
Limonicolor, lemon colour.
R. 3-7 cm., bright lemon yellow, widely and irregularly effused,
adnate; margin white, floccose. Spines concolorous, becoming golden
when dry, acute, rough on the sides, or somewhat incised, crowded,
often oblique. Flesh whitish, floccose, thin. Spores white, "echinu-
late, globose, 3/z" Bres. Pine leaves, and larch trunks. Oct. Rare.
2192. 0. plumosa (Duby) Rea. (= Hydnum plumosum Duby.)
Plumosa, feathery.
R. 4-5 cm., snow white, resupinate, tomentose. Spines white, 2 mm.
or more long, slender, minutely feathered near the apex, usually crowded.
Flesh white, floccose, very delicate. Spores white, "globose, 4-5 JM"
Massee. Dead wood, and bark, etc. Rare.
2193. 0. Stevensonii (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Hydnum Stevensonii B. &
Br.) Rev. John Stevenson, the eminent Scotch mycologist.
R. 3-8 cm., white, effused, mealy beneath; margin byssoid, or pul-
verulent. Spines white, 2-3 mm. long, cylindrical, obtuse, or trun-
cate, sometimes compressed, more or less confluent at the base, pul-
verulent at the apex, somewhat crowded. Flesh concolorous, floccose,
very thin. Spores "white, subglobose, apiculate, 3-4 ju," Massee.
Dead wood, leaves, and mosses. March. Rare.
2194. 0. bicolor (A. & S.) Bres. (= Hydnum bicolor (A. & S.) Fr.;
Grandinia mucida Fr. of British authors sec. Wakef . ; Hydnum
subtile Fr.) Bi-color, two-coloured.
R. 5-20 cm., white, or whitish, becoming glaucous, then tan colour,
widely effused, subtomentose, soft, pruinose, waxy, often cracked at
the base of the spines; margin indeterminate, or whitish pruinose.
Spines concolorous, apex often brownish red, small, granular, minutely
villose, obtuse. Flesh concolorous, floccose, soft. Spores white, "ob-
long, scarcely depressed on the side, 4-5-7 x 2-75-4 p,; basidia 10-
24 x 3-5 /i, with 2-4-sterigmata, 4-5/1- long. Cystidia with a globose
head, 8-15/x, in diam., thin walled, contents becoming yellowish, and
often crowned by radiate twin crystals. Hyphae of the subiculum
2— 3/A in diam., in the axis of the spines amber coloured, fasciculate,
agglutinated together by a resinous substance, and ending at the
apex of the spines in an oil coloured tuft" Bourd. & Galz. Firs, and
brambles. Oct. — March. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2195. 0. papillosa (Fr.) Bres. (= Grandinia papillosa Fr.)
Papillosa, having nipples.
R. 2-5-5 cm., milk white, or yellowish, effused, separating when
entire, very much cracked; margin white, very thin, pubescent, or
648 ODONTIA
pruinose. Spines concolorous, granular, subhemispherical, equal, be-
coming subulate, thin, small, very crowded. Flesh concolorous, mem-
branaceous, floccose, firm. Spores white, "oblong, subcylindrical, de-
pressed on the side, 4-5-6 x 2-2-75 ju,; basidia 10-20 x 3-4-5/u., with
2-4-sterigmata, 3-4-5 /x long, accompanied by subulate, sterile basidia,
sometimes capped with oxalate, and with numerous smooth, or rough
paraphysis-like hyphae forming a tuft at the apex of the spines.
Hyphae with walls slightly thickened, firm, with clamp connections;
subhymenial hyphae denser, 3— 4-5/A in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Fallen
oak, beech, and fir branches. July — Nov. Rare.
2196. 0. arguta (Fr.) Quel. (= Hydnum argutum Fr. ; ? Radulum
tomentosum Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz.) Arguta, sharp.
R. 3-6 cm., white, then yellowish, effused, tomentose, or minutely
pubescent, slightly adnate, finally minutely cracked; margin similar,
or floccose. Spines white, then ochraceous, 1-2 mm. long, granular,
pubescent, then cylindrical, or subulate, sometimes connate at the
base, apex penicillate. Flesh concolorous, floccose, firm, thin. Spores
white, "oboval, 4-6 x 3-5/A, often 1-guttulate; basidia 10-15-18 x
3-4-6/i. Cystidia fusiform, or capitate, crowned, or not, by an oil
globule, 7-9 /A in diam. Hyphae thin walled, or slightly thickened,
2-4 p. in diam., with clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Trunks,
stumps, and fallen branches. Sept. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. alutacea (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum alutaceum Fr.)
Alutacea, tanned leather.
Differs from the type in its deeper ochraceous tan colour, and the
stouter spines. Pines. Aug.— Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2197. 0. spathulata (Schwein.) Rea. (= Hydnum spathulatum (Schwein.)
Fr.) <T7rd0r), a broad blade.
R. 2-5-5 cm., whitish, becoming yellow, effused, separable, ad-
pressedly villose beneath ; margin involute, fimbriate. Spines brick red,
or orange, 2-4 mm. long, spathulate, oblique, sometimes flattened,
acicular. Flesh concolorous, membranaceous, thin. Spores "white,
broadly elliptical, apiculate, 8 x 5/u," Massee. Dead Robinia wood.
Jan. — Dec. Rare.
2198. 0. multiformis (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Hydnum multiforme B. &
Br.) Multiformis, many shaped.
R. 5-10 cm., ochrey white, effused, inseparable, becoming cracked
when dry; margin indeterminate, thin. Spines pallid, 2-4 mm. long,
very acute, becoming fimbriate, crowded. Flesh concolorous, floccose,
thin. Spores white, "subglobose, or very broadly pip-shaped, ob-
liquely apiculate, 9 x 6-7 /i" Massee. Dead wood. Rare.
ODONTIA 649
2199. 0. mollusca (Fr.) Rea. (= Hydnum molluscum Fr.)
Mollusca, soft.
R. 5-10 cm., whitish, effused, easily separable, dry. Spines reddish,
short, slender. Flesh white, membranaceous, thin. Wood. Rare.
2200. 0. sulphurea (Schwein.) Rea. (= Hydnum sulphureum Schwein.)
Sulphurea, sulphur yellow.
R. 10cm., sulphur yellow, effused, adnate; margin paler, byssoid,
sterile. Spines concolorous, subulate, minute, few. Flesh membrana-
ceous, thin. Dead birch wood. Rare.
***Waxy crustaceous, very adnate.
2201. 0. crastosa (Pers.) Quel. (= Grandinia crustosa (Pers.) Fr.)
Crustosa, having a crust.
R. 5-15 cm., whitish cream colour, then yellowish, or tan colour,
effused, adnate, finally cracked and minutely areolate ; margin white,
distinct, narrow, pruinose, or minutely pubescent. Spines concolorous,
granular, short, pointed, or obtuse, scattered, or somewhat crowded.
Flesh concolorous, crustaceous, thin. Spores white, "oblong, subcylin-
drical, depressed on the side, 4-5-6-8 x 2-4: fj,; basidia 12-21-30 x
3-4-6jU,, accompanied by numerous fusiform, or subulate cystidioles,
3-4-6/A in diam., sometimes branched, slightly projecting. Hyphae
thin walled, 1-5-4 /A in diam., with rather rare clamp connections"
Bourd. & G-alz. Fallen branches. Jan. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2202. 0. cristulata Fr. (= Peniophora setigera Bres. sec. Bourd. &
Maire.) Cristulata, crested.
R. 5—14 cm., pale, or rosy flesh colour, widely effused, adnate,
mealy; margin white, narrowly byssoid, pubescent, or mealy. Spines
concolorous, or reddish brown, short, crowded, or confluent and crested ;
apex penicillate, pointed. Flesh white, somewhat waxy, then crusta-
ceous, thin. Spores white, "cylindrical, slightly depressed on the side,
8-10 x 3-5-4 //,; basidia 25-32 x 4-5-7 /x, contents granular. Cystidia
fasciculate, cylindrical, 4-5/u, in diam., 1-2-septate, with, or without
clamp connections. Hyphae thin walled, 3— 6/A in diam., with clamp
connections " Bourd. & Galz. Birch branches. Feb. Rare.
2203. 0. mellea (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Hydnum melleum B. & Br.)
Mellea, honey colour.
R. 5-10 cm., honey colour, effused, pulverulent', margin minutely
byssoid. Spines concolorous, 1-2 mm. long, acute, sometimes divided
at the apex, pulverulent downwards, naked at the middle. Flesh
crustaceous, thin. Spores white, "cylindrical, 7-10 x 2-5/i" Massee.
Fallen rails. Rare.
650 ODONTIA. KNEIFFIA. HYDNOPSIS
2204. 0. sepulta (B. & Br.) Kea. (= Hydnum sepultum B. & Br.)
Sepulta, buried.
R. 3-15 mm., golden yellow, resupinate, forming little, scattered
patches; margin white. Spines concolorous, 1-2 mm. long, acute.
Flesh very thin. Spores white, "globose, 5/x" Massee. Stones buried
among pine leaves. Sept. Rare.
2205. 0. alliacea Weinm. Alliacea, of garlic.
R. 3-10 cm., white, translucid, becoming pale, or cinereous, broadly
effused, incrusting; margin silky. Spines concolorous, 1-2 mm. long,
with some shorter ones, incised, villose. Flesh concolorous, crusta-
ceous, membranaceous, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 3-4 x 2|u;
basidia with 2-sterigmata. Smell faint, of garlic. Lichens on trees,
and dead branches. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2206. 0. Proni Lasch. Pruni, of plums.
R. white, becoming pallid, effused, adnate ; margin byssoid. Spines
white, granular, minute, rounded, apex penicillate. Flesh concolorous,
crustaceous, thin. On Prunus spinosa. Rare.
Eneiffia Fr.
(Friederich Gotthard Kneiff, a German mycologist.)
Receptacle subgelatinous, effused. Spines or granules, scattered,
minute, sterile. Spores white, elliptical, smooth. Growing on wood.
2207. K. subgelatinosa B. & Br. Subgelatinosa, somewhat gelatinous.
R. 10 cm., yellowish, then cream colour, broadly effused. Spines
concolorous, granular, minute, scattered, subgelatinous, fringed at the
apex. Flesh concolorous, subgelatinous, thin. Spores white, "broadly
elliptical, apiculate, 4 x 2-5 /LI" Massee. Fir stumps. April. Rare.
K. setigera Fr. = Peniophora setigera (Fr.) Bres.
Hydnopsis (Schroet.) Rea.
(vSvov, the genus Hydnum; otyis, like.)
Receptacle floccose, resupinate, effused. Spines subulate, acute.
Spores coloured, elliptical, smooth. Growing on dead leaves, and on
the ground.
2208. H. farinacea Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 7.
Farinacea, mealy.
R. 2-5-6 mm., white, effused, adnate. Spines white, then wood
colour, and finally umber, 1 mm. long, subulate, acute, thin, sub-
distant. Flesh white, floccose, thin. Spores fuscous, elliptical, 6-7 x
3-4/Lt, 1-3-guttulate. Dead fallen beech leaves, and on the ground.
May. Uncommon, (v.v.)
CALDESIELLA. PHYLACTERIA 651
Caldesiella Sacc. (=Hydnum (Linn.) Fr.).
(L. Caldesi, an Italian botanist.)
Receptacle fioccose, soft, resupinate. Spines conical, soft, villose,
fimbriate at the apex. Spores coloured, globose, verrucose, or echinulate;
basidia clavate, with 2— 4-sterigmata. Growing on wood.
2209. C. crinalis (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum crinale Fr.;
Hydnum ferrugineum Auct. pi. non Fr. nee Karst. ; Odontia
barba-Jovis Pat. Tab. Anal. f. 247; Caldesiella ferruginosa Sacc.
sec. Bres., as Odontia crinalis (Fr.) Bres.) Pers. Myc. Eur. n,
t. 17, fig. 3, as Hydnum castaneum Pers. var. fuscum Pers.
Crinalis, hairy.
R. 5—10 cm., tawny ferruginous, effused, separable, tomentose. Spines
concolorous, subulate, conical, acute, straight, or oblique, often some-
what compressed, tomentose, crowded. Flesh concolorous, floccose, lax.
Spores deep brown, echinulate, globose, 8-9 //,. Decayed wood espe-
cially under the bark. July — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2210. C. italica Sacc. Italica, Italian.
R. 2-10 cm., fuliginous, widely effused, incrusting, resupinate.
Spines concolorous, becoming olivaceous with the snuff-coloured spores,
1-1'5 mm. long, '5-1 mm. thick, cylindrical, obtuse, often com-
pressed, crowded, pruinose. Flesh concolorous, floccose, thick. Spores
snuff-coloured in the mass, olivaceous-hyaline under the microscope,
obtusely verrucose, angularly globose, 8-9 x 8/4 ; basidia clavate with
2— 4-sterigmata. Basal hyphae concolorous, thick walled, 6— 8/j, in
diam., septate, with clamp connections. Birch stumps. Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
2211. C. viridis (A. & S.) Pat. (= Hydnum viride (A. & S.) Fr.) Boud.
Icon. t. 170, as Odontia viridis (A. & S.) Quel. Viridis, green.
R. 5—25 cm., white, then indigo blue, soon greenish, and at length
yellowish, broadly effused, tomentose; margin white, membranaceous,
thin. Spines indigo blue, then greenish, 1—2 mm. long, cylindrical,
irregular, obtusely divided at the apex, often crowned with white
hairs. Flesh concolorous, fioccose, thin. Spores indigo blue, verrucose,
globose, 4-5/A. Rotten wood. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Phylacteria (Pers.) Pat. (= Thelephora (Ehrh.) Fr. p.p.).
((f)v\aKTr)piov, an amulet.)
Receptacle fibrous, or coriaceous, pileate, stipitate, sessile, or re-
supinate, entire, or laciniate, destitute of a pellicle. Stem central,
lateral, or none, confluent with the pileus. Flesh coloured. Hymenium
inferior or amphigenous, smooth, faintly ribbed, or papillose. Spores
coloured, elliptical, globose, subglobose, or angular, verrucose, or
652 PHYLACTERIA
echinulate; basidia with 2-^t-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Growing on
the ground, or on wood.
I. Erect with usually a central st.
*P. divided into very narrow, branching, flattened,
or cylindrical divisions.
2212. P. palmate (Scop.) Pat. (= Thelephora palmata (Scop.) Fr.)
Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 46, as Merisma foetidum Pers.
Palmata, having the shape of a hand.
R. 2-6 cm. high, 1-3 cm. broad, fuscous purple, apex whitish, fim-
briate, very much divided into palmate, flattened, subfastigiate, even,
flattened branches, dilated upwards. St. 1-1-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., con-
color -ous, simple, or branched. Hymenium amphigenous. Flesh con-
colorous, coriaceous, soft. Spores fuscous purple in the mass, pale
umber under the microscope, echinulate, globose, 8-9 fi. Smell very
foetid. Woods, especially of conifers. Aug. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2213. P. anthocephala (Bull.) Pat. (= Thelephora anthocephala (Bull.)
Fr.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 17, fig. 4, as Thekphora antho-
cephala. avOos, a flower; K€<f>a\r), head.
E. 2-5 cm. high, 1-3 cm. broad, somewhat ferruginous, becoming
fuscous, apex whitish, fimbriate, divided down to the stem into flaps
which are dilated upwards, or into irregular branched erect branches,
pubescent. St. -5-1-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., concolorous, simple, equal,
villose. Hymenium even. Flesh concolorous, coriaceous, soft. Spores
purplish in the mass, pale umber under the microscope, echinulate,
globose, or broadly elliptical, 6-8x6ju,, 1-2-guttulate. Woods. Aug. —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2214. P. clavularis (Fr.) Big. & Guill. (= Thelephora clavularis Fr.)
Fr. Icon. t. 196, fig. 3, as Thelephora clavularis Fr.
Clavularis, a little nail.
R. 2-5-4 cm. high, 1-3 cm. broad, rufous fuscous, apex whitish,
acute, divided down to the st. into round, attenuate, even, delicately
pruinose branches. St. -5-1-5 cm. x 1-3 mm., concolorous, base some-
what tuberous. Flesh concolorous, coriaceous, soft. Spores reddish
purple in the mass, echinulate, subglobose, 6-7 x 6/z,. Woods. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**P. more or less infundibuliform, cup-shaped, or flabelliform,
often splitting into lobes, or divisions.
2215. P. caryophyllea (Schaefl.) Pat. (= Thekphora caryophylka
(Schaeff.) Fr.) Schaeff. Icon. t. 325, as Helvetia caryophyllea
Schaeff. icdpvov, a nut; $>v\\ov, a leaf.
R. 1-5-4 cm. high, 1-5-5 cm. broad, fuscous purple, becoming wood
brown when dried, infundibuliform, cup-shaped; margin lobed, or
PHYLACTERIA 653
incised, often broken up into wedge-shaped, imbricate branches, or
segments, fibrillosely torn, often radiately rugose, or striate, obsoletely
zoned when moist. St. -5-1 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, simple, or
branched, equal, villose. Hymenium inferior, even. Flesh concolorous,
or paler, subcoriaceous. Spores purple in the mass, pale umber under
the microscope, verrucose, globose, 6-7 /A. Woods, especially under
conifers. Aug. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
II. Dimidiate, horizontal, subsessile, or effuso-reflexed.
2216. P. intybacea (Pers.) Pat. (= Thelephora intybacea (Pers.) Fr.)
Bull. Champ. Fr. t. 278, as Thelephora intybacea.
evrvftov, chicory.
R. 2— 4 cm., whitish, then rufous ferruginous, at length fuliginous',
margin whitish fimbriate at first, then concolorous, dimidiate, con-
fluent, imbricate, fibrous, the fibrils often agglutinated into adpressed,
adnate squamules; margin dilated. St. short, sublateral, often con-
fluent. Hymenium concolorous, inferior, papillose. Flesh firm, fibril-
lose, 1 mm. thick. Spores deep ochraceous, verrucosely echinulate,
subglobose, or elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 /it, with a large central gutta.
Caespitose. Pine wood, and bare soil. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2217. P. terrestris (Ehrh.) Big. & Quill. (= Thelephora terrestris
(Ehrh.) Fr. ; Thelephora laciniata (Pers.) Fr.) Holland, Champ,
t. 101, no. 224. Terrestris, pertaining to the earth.
R. 3—5 cm., ferruginous fuscous, or fuscous, often becoming black
with age, dimidiate, sessile, or effuso-reflexed, laterally confluent,
often imbricate, fibrillosely scaly, strigose ; margin fimbriate, laciniate.
Hymenium/wscows, or pale fawn, inferior, papillose. Flesh concolorous,
coriaceous, fibrillose, soft, 1 mm. thick. Spores fuscous, verrucose,
angularly globose, 8-9 x 6-8/x. Woods, and heaths. July — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
P. biennis (Fr.) Big. & Guill. = Hypochnus umbrinus (Fr.) Quel.
2218. P. atra (Weinm.) Rea. (= Thelephora atra Weinm.)
Atra, black.
P. 5—8 cm., black, becoming fuliginous, imbricate, arising from a
tuberous base, deformed, somewhat lobed, sessile, attenuated at the
base; margin at first white, fimbriate. Hymenium black, white
pruinose, smooth, setulose. Caespitose. Dead logs. Rare.
2219. P. mollissima (Pers.) Rea. (= Thelephora mollissima (Pers.)
Fr.; Phylacteria spiculosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Maire.) Berk. Outl.
Brit. Fung. t. 17, fig. 5, as Thelephora mollissima.
Mollissima, very soft.
R. 2-4 cm., whitish, becoming brownish, broadly effused, con-
tinuous, or effuso-reflexed, forming flaps, subtomentose. Hymenium
654 PHYLACTERIA. HYPOCHNUS
fuscous purple, inferior, smooth, even. Flesh concolorous, soft, thin.
Spores brownish purple, warted, subglobose, 7-8/n. Woods. Aug. —
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
III. Resupinate, and incrusting.
2220. P. spiculosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Maire. (=Thelephora spiculosa (Fr.)
Burt.) Pers. Syn. Fung. t. 3, fig. 16, as Merisma penicillatum.
Spiculosa, having little sharp points.
R. 2-15 cm., fuscous purple, whitish at the apex of the spicules,
effused, incrusting; margin ramoso-spiculose, tips penicillate. Hy-
menium concolorous, even or slightly rugose. Flesh floccose, 1 mm.
thick. Spores umber, echinulate, irregularly globose, or elliptical,
7-9 x 6-7 /i. Running over twigs, and dead leaves. Aug. — Nov. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
Hypochnus (Fr.) Karst. (= Tomentella (Pers.) Pat.).
(UTTO, under; ^1/009, fine down.)
Receptacle floccose, or felt-like, resupinate, effused. Hymenium
smooth, or papillose. Flesh coloured, soft, loose. Spores coloured,
rough, verrucose, or echinulate ; globose, subglobose, elliptical, ovoid,
or angular; basidia sometimes in scattered clusters, with 2— 4-sterig-
mata. Growing on wood, mosses, or on the ground.
2221. H. ferrugineus (Pers.) Fr. Ferrugineus, iron rust colour.
R. 2-6 cm., ferruginous, effused, adnate, often suborbicular, dry,
tomentose, hypochnoid. Hymenium concolorous, "Sudan-brown"
when dry. Flesh concolorous, loose, thin. Spores concolorous, echinu-
late, subglobose, 7-lOju., with numerous hyaline spines. Basal
hyphae, 5-8/x. wide, septa with clamp connections. Decaying wood,
and bark of deciduous trees. Sept. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2222. H. umbrinus (Fr.) Quel. (= Thekphora Uennis Fr.)
Umbrinus, umber.
R. 3-10 cm., brown, with more or less of a vinaceous tint (varying
from drab to fuscous and " Chaetura-drab " of Ridgway), effused, soft,
separable; subiculum warm sepia, villose. Hymenium concolorous,
membranaceous, compact. Flesh concolorous, dense. Spores fuscous,
or dark brown, aculeate, or coarsely verrucose, globose, or subglobose,
6-8 JJL, or 6-8 x 5-7 p,; basidia brownish, clavate, with 4-sterigmata.
Hyphae brown, thick walled, 4-5/n in diam., septate, without clamp
connections. Dead wood. Oct. — Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2223. H. fuscus (Pers.) Fr. (= Corticium fuscum (Pers.) Fr.)
Fuscus, dark.
R. 2-10 cm., subfuscous, cinnamon, or brown, somewhat vinaceous
HYPOCHNUS 655
in colour, effused, separable. Hymenium concolorous, loose. Flesh
concolorous, membranaceous, loose, thin. Spores reddish brown,
echinulate, subglobose, or broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6 /z. Hyphae
with numerous clamp connections, 5-6 fj, in diam. Eotten wood, and
fallen branches. Sept. — June. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2224. H. subfuscus Karst. Subfuscus, somewhat dark.
R. 1-4 cm., dark purplish brown, between Ridgway's "Natal Brown"
and "Bone Brown" effused; margin concolorous. Hymenium con-
colorous, pulverulent, mould-like. Spores sepia, aculeate, globose,
8-9 /A without the hyaline spines, spines acute, 1-2 /u, long; basidia
clavate, 10-12/z in diam., with 2—4 curved sterigmata. Subhymenial
hyphae pale, 5-7 /z in diam. Basal hyphae brown, 7-8/z in diam.,
thick walled, straight, with branches at right angles, sometimes
slightly incrusted, with clamp connections. Bark of fallen logs.
Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2225. H. granulosus (Peck) Burt. (= Grandinia tabacina Cke. & Ell.)
Burt, Theleph. of North Am. vi, Hypochnus, text-fig, p. 219.
Granulosus, granular.
R. 2-4 x 1-2 cm., sepia, effused, thin, membranaceous, granular,
separable; margin somewhat radiate, concolorous. Spores concolorous
with the hyphae, aculeate, angular-subglobose, the body about 6/z in
diam. Flesh concolorous or paler, loose. Hyphae yellowish under the
microscope, loosely interwoven, 2-5-4/u, in diam., thin walled, occasion-
ally with clamp connections, forming near the substratum some
rope-like mycelial strands up to 15/z in diam. Pine sticks and rotten
bark and wood of frondose trees. Aug. — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2226. H. puniceus (A. & S.) Sacc. (= Corticium (Hypochnus) puni-
ceum (A. & S.) Fr.) Puniceus, reddish.
R. 1-3 cm., dull red, vaguely effused, mould-like; margin similar.
Hymenium concolorous, minutely granular, loose and pulverulent
under a lens. Flesh pale, fibrillose, loose, very thin. Spores dull red-
dish, with short spines, subglobose, 8-9-5/z, 7-5-8/z without the
spines ; basidia clavate, 40-50 x 8/z, with 2-4 stout curved sterigmata,
5—8 x 2-5-3/Li. Subhymenial hyphae hyaline, or pale coloured, 3'5-
5/x, wavy, much branched, with clamp connections. Decorticated
pine-wood. July — Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2227. H. isabellinus Fr. (= Corticium isabellinum Fr.) Fr. Obs. Myc.
n, t. 6, fig. 3. Isabellinus, dirty yellowish.
R. 5-10 cm., pale "Isabella colour" of Ridgway, or deep olive buff to
dark olive buff, effused, adnate, inseparable, tomentose', margin con-
colorous, thinner. Hymenium concolorous, loose, pulverulent. Flesh
concolorous, loose, thin. Spores isabelline, echinulate, globose, 7-9 /x
656 HYPOCHNUS
without the spines. Hyphae concolorous, thick walled, branched at
right angles, 8-14/z in diam., without clamp connections. Rotten
wood, and bark. Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
2228. H. cyaneus Wakef. KVCLVOS, dark blue.
R. 1-3 cm., deep dull violaceous blue, through "Eton blue" to glaucous
green, becoming dull greyish green or yellow in parts when dried,
effused, easily separable, tomentose; margin concolorous, arachnoid.
Hymenium concolorous, floccose. Flesh concolorous, paler, thin. Spores
dull bluish, minutely and sparsely aculeate, elliptical, depressed on
one side, 5-8 x 4/u,; basidia hyaline, elongate-clavate, 30-40 x 1p,
with 2-4-sterigmata. Basal hyphae slightly tinged bluish, 1-3/i in
diam., here and there incrusted, without clamp connections. Potas-
sium hydrate solution takes away the colour of the spores but turns
the other parts greenish when fresh; when dried, the hyphae and
spores become a dull violet colour. Wet rotten coniferous logs. Oct.
Rare.
2229. H. cinerascens Karst. Cinerascens, becoming ash colour.
R. 2—3 cm., drab grey, to pale drab, indefinitely effused, adnate,
separable; margin concolorous, or whitish. Hymenium concolorous,
loose. Flesh very thin, loose. Spores grey-brown, with minute spines,
angularly subglobose, 6-7 x 5-6 /a; basidia hyaline, cylindric-clavate,
40 x 6 fji, with 2— 4-sterigmata. Subhy menial and basal hyphae
hyaline, 3-4 p, in diam., much branched, frequently septate with clamp
connections. Bark. Sept. Uncommon.
2230. H.caesius(Pers.) Wakef. (=Thekphora caesia (Pers.)Fr.) Pers.
Obs. i, t. 3, fig. 6, as Corticium caesium. Caesius, bluish grey.
R. 3-10 cm., cinereous-bluish-grey, or brownish bistre, effused, sub-
orbicular, determinate, tomentose. Hymenium concolorous, becoming
paler, even, minutely pubescent. Flesh brownish, soft, thin. Spores
hyaline, then lilac bistre, and finally brownish, spinulose, subglobose,
7-8/x. Wood, twigs, mosses, and on the ground. Aug. — Nov. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
2231. H. botryoides (Schwein.) Burt.
/3oTpu<?, a bunch of grapes; e'So?, like.
R. 1—5 cm., yellow-brown (ochraceous-tawny to "Buckthorn-brown " of
Ridgway), effused, separable; margin much paler, brownish, floccose.
Hymenium fuscous, finely granular, forming a delicate pellicle. Flesh
pale brown, very soft, loose. Spores fuscous, aculeate, angularly sub-
globose, spore body 6 x 5-5/u,; basidia clavate, 30-35 x 6/i, with
4-sterigmata. Basal hyphae yellow-brown, 3— 4/A in diam., often
united to form long slender strands, with clamp connections. "Po-
tassium hydrate turns microscopic sections of the hymenium imme-
diately blue green" Burt. Bark. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
HYPOCHNUS 657
2232. H. crustaceus (Schum.) Karst. (= Thelephora Crustacea (Schum.)
Fr. ; Phylacteria spiculosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Maire sec. von Hoehn. &
Litsch.) Fl. Dan. t. 1851, fig. 2. Crustaceus, having a bark.
R. 2— 8 cm., fuscous umber, broadly effused, incrusting; margin
whitish, or black, fibrillose. Hymenium concolorous, irregularly papil-
lose. Flesh brownish, soft, floccose, thin. Spores brown, verrucose,
globose, 8-lOjU,. Hyphae brown. Bare soil, and running over grass,
leaves, and twigs. Feb. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2233. H. zygodesmoides (EUis) Burt.
fryoSea-fAOv, a yoke-band; etSo?, like.
R. 2-3 cm., pinkish, to vinaceous-buff, often with rusty stains,
broadly effused, easily separable, soft; margin " Sayal" to "snuff-
brown," narrow, byssoid. Hymenium concolorous, loose. Flesh pale
brown, arachnoid, membranaceous, floccose. Spores pale, or with a
slight tinge of buff in the mass, very pale straw colour to almost
hyaline under the microscope, with fairly long, blunt spines, elliptical
to subglobose, spore body 5-7 x 4-6 fi; basidia cylindric clavate,
40 x 6-8 /a, with 4-sterigmata, 4-7 ju, long. Basal hyphae pale brown,
little branched, and infrequently septate, 4-6/A in diam. Rotten
bark. Sept. Uncommon.
2234. H. echinosporus (Ellis) Burt. (= Corticium echinosporum Ellis;
Hypochnus mollis Fr. var. pellicula Fr.; Hypochnus pellicula
Bres.) e^ti/o?, hedge-hog; a-Tropd, seed.
R. 2—4 cm., sulphur yellow, or rose pink, indefinitely effused, very
delicate, membranaceous, separable; margin whitish, or concolorous,
very thin, indefinite, occasionally with very fine, white hyphal strands
spreading over the subiculum. Hymenium pale clear sulphur yellow,
becoming spotted ivith brown when old, or dull rose pink, occasionally
with a very faint lilac tinge, and with darker reddish, or brownish stains,
forming a fine pulverulent pellicle. Flesh concolorous, arachnoid, soft,
thin, loose. Spores hyaline, or pale straw colour, contents sometimes
golden yellow, or rosy, echinulate, subglobose, or in lateral view
broadly elliptical, 5-7 x 4-6 //,; basidia cylindrical to clavate, 20-
30 x 6-8 /A, with 2-4-sterigmata, slightly curved, 3-5-5 x 1-1-5/4.
Basal hyphae hyaline, or very faintly coloured, 2-5-5/x, in diam.,
branched, septate. Rotten wood. Oct. Rare.
2235. H. roseo-griseus Wakef. & Pearson. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi,
text-figs, p. 141. Roseus, rosy; griseus, grey.
R. 3—8 cm., "light vinaceous fawn" and "cinnamon drab" of Ridg-
way, with a paler "drab-grey" margin, becoming like H. fuscus, but
paler with a greyish bloom, greyish white to dirty buff when quite
young, effused, pelliculose, or membranaceous, easily separable;
margin somewhat radiating, grey. Hymenium pale greyish vinaceous,
R. B. B. 42
658 HYPOCHNUS
pulverulent. Flesh pale, thin, soft. Spores hyaline, or pale straw colour,
coarsely verrucose, angularly-subglobose, 7-9 /t, often 1-guttulate ;
basidia subhyaline, clavate, 40-55 x 7-10//,, 2-4-sterigmata, 7-9 fj,
long. Subhymenial hyphae subhyaline; basal hyphae greyish, scarcely
branched, septate, 2-5-3 /it in diam., without clamp connections. Bark,
wood, etc., especially pine. Oct. — Jan. Common.
var. lavandulaceus Pears. Lavandulaceus, lavender coloured.
Differs from the type only in the greyish lavender colour of the
hymenium without a trace of pink. Ground in woods under Castanea
saliva. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2236. H. fumosus Fr. (= Corticium fumosum Fr.; Corticium sul-
phureum (Pers.) Bres. ; Phlebia vaga Fr. ; Coniopfiora sulfurea
(Pers.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 198, fig. 3, as Corticium fumosum Fr.
Fumosus, smoky.
E. 3-10 cm., pale, yellow, tawny, cinnamon, grey, drab, brownish or
fuscous, effused, membranaceous, arachnoid, separable, more or less
overrun with intricate, branching, anastomosing threads; margin
bright yellow, becoming whitish, byssoid, fibrillose. Hymenium con-
colorous, granular, or reticulately veined. Flesh pale, or slightly
cinereous, membranaceous, thin. Spores white, or brownish, minutely
echinulate, ovoid, or globose, 3-7 x 3-5/x. Hyphae longitudinally
interwoven, occasionally with clamp connections, thin walled, hyaline,
or slightly smoky, 2-5-3-5/i in diam. Dead wood, branches, and twigs.
Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2237. H. sphaerosporus R. Maire. (= Corticium sphaerosporum (R.
Maire) von Hoehn. & Litsch.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. Beit, zur
Kennt. der Cort. in Sitzungsber. der k. Akad. d. Wissensch.
Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl. Bd. cxvn (1908), 1106, and reprint 26,
text-fig. 5. crtyaipa, a ball; cnropd, seed.
R. 1-2 cm., chalk white or snow white, becoming yellowish in the
centre, effused, arachnoid, and porous under a lens; margin similar
or fibrillose. Hymenium concolorous, mealy, or granular. Flesh con-
colorous, thin, floccose. Spores hyaline, coarsely and minutely warted,
globose, or angularly-globose, 3-6 x 2-5-4/z, (mostly 4-5 x 4jii), 1-
guttulate; basidia clavate or pyriform, 8-15 x 4-6 p, with 2-4-
sterigmata 2-5 /A long. Hyphae hyaline, 2-4/i in diam., thin walled,
with clamp connections, basal hyphae often forming rhizoidal strands,
and inclosing acicular, or fusiform crystals of oxalate of lime, 10-25/i
long. Beech logs and on bare soil. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
2238. H. submutabilis (von Hoehn. & Litsch.) Rea. (= Corticium sub-
mutabile von Hoehn. & Litsch.) Submutabilis, changeable.
R. 1-3 cm., dirty whitish to yellowish, effused, irregular; margin
HYPOCHNELLA. JAAPIA 659
similar. Hymenium concolorous, very loose, pulverulent. Spores
hyaline, rough with short conical warts, subglobose, broadly elliptical
or oval and flattened on one side, attenuated at the base, 2-3-5 /u,
in diam., or 2-3-5 x 2-2-5/z, usually 1-guttulate; basidia clavate,
8-16 x 4-6 JM, with 2-4 thin, pointed sterigmata 1-5-3 /x long. Hyphae
hyaline, 1-3/x, in diam., thin walled, septate-nodulose, rarely distinct
(no clamp connections observed). Pine stick. Sept. Kare.
Hypochnella Schroet.
(Hypochnella, diminutive of Hypochnus.)
Same characters as Hypochnus but differing in the smooth, ellip-
tical, violet spores. Growing on wood.
2239. H. violacea (Awd.) Schroet. Violacea, violet.
R. 2—10 cm., rich lilac colour, becoming darker and duller when dry,
irregularly effused. Hymenium concolorous, smooth. Flesh bluish,
very thin, floccose, loose. Spores deep violet, elliptical, with a lateral
basal apiculus, 7-9 x 3-4/A; basidia hyaline, or faintly coloured,
cylindric-clavate, 20-25 x 8-9 /z; paraphyses obtuse, 10-12 x 6-7 p,
often with a few crystals on the external walls. Subhymenial hyphae
very faintly coloured, often slightly incrusted with small rounded
crystals; basal hyphae pale lilac, 6-9 ju, in diam. Underside of fallen
branches. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Jaapia Bres.
(Otto Jaap.)
Resupinate, effused, immarginate, flocculose-pulverulent, with
the habit of some Corticia or of a pale Hypochnus. Spores straw
coloured, subelliptical, hyaline-appendiculate.
2240. J. argillacea Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 320.
Argillacea, clay coloured.
R. 1 cm., clay coloured, irregularly effused, flocculose, sometimes
with scattered granules. Hymenium concolorous, loose, then more
continuous. Flesh concolorous, very thin, floccose. Spores straw
coloured, fusiform, slightly curved, 22-25 x 7-8/z, consisting of a
central oblong-elliptical portion, 14-18 x 7-8/A (mostly 15 x 7/x),
containing faintly coloured, granular protoplasm, divided off by a wall
from a clear conical portion at either end. Basidia clavate, up to 60 JJL
long by 8-10/u, wide, with 2-4 curved sterigmata, 8ju, long. Cystidia
hyaline, cylindrical, obtuse, 100-160 x 7-8//,, occasionally with a
single septum. Basal hyphae flexuous, frequently septate, with clamp
connections, 4-6/x in diam. Fallen sticks. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
42—2
660 ALDBIDGEA. PTYCHOGASTEB. SPARASSIS
Aldridgea Massee.
(Miss Emily Aldridge.)
Keceptacle subgelatinous, becoming cartilaginous when dry, re-
supinate, effused. Hymenium smooth, even. Spores coloured, ellip-
tical, smooth; basidia with 4-sterigmata. Growing on wood.
2241. A. gelatinosa Massee. Massee, Brit. Fung. Fl. i, figs. 20 and 21,
p. 97. Gelatinosa, jelly-like.
R. 5-13 cm., pallid, broadly effused; margin determinate. Hy-
menium purple brown, smooth, even. Flesh subgelatinous, then car-
tilaginous, or rigid and collapsed when dry. Spores "olive, broadly
elliptical, obliquely apiculate, 10 x 6-7 p," Massee. Sawdust. Rare.
[Ptychogaster Corda.]
(TTTV£, a fold; yaa'Tijp, belly.)
Receptacle fleshy, or somewhat corky, round, or cushion-shaped,
producing conidia and chlamydospores. Cystidia present, or absent.
Growing on wood, or incrusting plants.
2242. P. albus Cda. Albus, white.
R. 2-15 cm., white, becoming brownish, globose, obconic, or pul-
vinate, soft, shaggy, or filamentous; internally white, becoming
brownish, formed of many concentric layers. Conidia colourless, long,
oval. Chlamydospores "brownish, elliptic, or oblong, 6/u, long"
Henn. Dead wood and branches. Aug. — Feb. Common, (v.v.)
6. THELEPHORACEAE.
Hymenium spread over a smooth, rugose, or ribbed surface,
either resting upon an intermediate layer of hyphae running longi-
tudinally between it and the mycelium, or seated directly upon the
mycelium.
1. Hymenium separated from the mycelium by an
intermediate layer of hyphae.
Sparassis Fr.
(ar-jrapaa-a-ca, I tear in pieces.)
Receptacle fleshy, erect, much branched; branches flattened in a
lamellar, or plate-like manner, more or less confluent. Hymenium
smooth, inferior. Spores white, or yellowish, ovoid, elliptical, globose,
or subglobose; smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none.
Mycelium cord-like, often attached to the roots of trees. Growing on
the ground.
2243. S. crispa (Wulf.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 102, no. 229.
Crispa, curled.
R. 10-60 cm., whitish, or pale ochraceous, very much branched, re-
SPARASSIS. STEREUM 661
sembling a cauliflower; branches 2-5—5 cm., broad, intricate, ribbon-
like, apex tinged yellowish, crisped, and slightly zoned. St. whitish,
becoming blackish with age, stout, rooting. Flesh whitish, or yellowish,
fleshy, brittle. Spores pale ochraceous in the mass, hyaline under the
microscope, subglobose, or elliptical, 6-7 fj, in diam., or 6 x 4/i, 1-2-
guttulate ; basidia with 2^1-sterigmata. Smell very pleasant, of anise.
Taste agreeable. Edible. Coniferous woods. Aug. — Nov. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
2244. S. laminosa Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 13.
Laminosa, having plates.
R. 10-60 cm., yellowish straw colour, very much branched; branches
laminar, patent, more lax, and less dense than those of S. crispa. St.
whitish, becoming discoloured with age, stout, rooting. Flesh yellowish,
fleshy, brittle. Spores pale ochraceous in the mass, hyaline under the
microscope, globose, S/A, with granular contents. Smell pleasant.
Taste agreeable. Edible. Mixed woods, especially near oaks. Sept. —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
Stereum (Pers.) Massee (= Thelephora (Ehrh.) Fr. pp.).
(a-repeov, firm.)
Receptacle coriaceous, pileate, stipitate, or sessile, infundibuliform,
dimidiate, resupinate, or effuso-reflexed. Stem central, lateral, or
none. Hymenium inferior, with an intermediate layer, smooth, rarely
rugulose, or ribbed, sometimes setulose, pubescent, or velvety. Flesh
pale. Spores white, oval, elliptical, globose, subglobose, cylindrical,
oblong, or oblong elliptic; smooth, or granular; basidia with 2-4-
sterigmata. Cystidia hyaline, rarely coloured in nos. 2261 and 2262,
present, or absent. Annual, or perennial. Growing on wood, or on
the ground.
I. R. infundibuliform. St. central.
2245. S. Sowerbeii (B. & Br.) Massee. (= Thelephora Sowerbeii B. <fe
Br. ; Podoscypha Sowerbeji (B. & Br.) Pat. ; Stereum pallidum
(Pers.) Lloyd sec. Burt. ; Thelephora vitellina Plowr.) Rolland,
Champ, t. 101, no. 225, as Podoscypha Sowerbeji.
James Sowerby, the well-known botanical illustrator.
R. 1— 2-5 cm., snow white, becoming yellow, or pale yellow, infundi-
buliform, fiabelliform, or spathulate, uneven; margin incised, often
crenate. St. 1-2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, gradually expanding
into the p., often confluent, smooth, or wrinkled. Hymenium con-
colorous, smooth, or rugulose. Flesh yellowish, fleshy coriaceous, thin.
Spores white, oval, 3 x 2/*. Under pine bark, and on the ground.
Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
662 STEBEUM
2246. S. pallidum (Pers.) Cooke. (= Thelephora pallida (Pers.) Fr.)
Pers. Icon, et Desc. i, t. 1, fig. 3, as Craterella pallida.
Pallidum, pale.
R. 1-5 cm., pallid, then cream, or buff, infundibuliform, strigosely
squamulose. St. 2-6 x -5-1 cm., concolorous, expanding upwards into
the p., often confluent, smooth, base villose. Hymenium pallid,
rugulose, with slight, very obtuse, radial folds, more or less setulose
with hyaline hairs under a lens. Flesh concolorous, coriaceous-spongy,
rather thick. Spores white, elliptical, often flattened on one side,
5-8 x 3-5/x. Cystidia hyaline, cylindrical, smooth, 6-8/z in diam.,
projecting 10-50ju, above the hymenium. Often caespitose. Woods.
July — Nov. Rare, (v.v.)
2247. S. multizonatum (B. & Br.) Massee. (= Tkelephora multizonata
B. & Br.) B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, xv, t. xm, fig. 4, as
Thelephora multizonata. Multus, many ; tyovr), a belt.
R. 9-20 cm., bright rufous flesh colour, or rich brown, margin white at
first, deeply infundibuliform, variously cut and lobed, zoned with
darker bands; margin lobed, crenulate. St. 5-9 x 1-3 cm., concolorous,
gradually expanding into the p., often confluent, smooth. Hymenium
paler than the p., or somewhat cinereous, slightly ribbed, smooth. Flesh
concolorous, or paler, coriaceous, tough, thin. Spores white, broadly
elliptical, 7 x 4-5/>t, with a large central gutta. Caespitose. Woods.
Sept. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2248. S. undulatum (Fr.) Massee1. (- Thelephora undulata Fr.)
Undulatum, waved.
R. 1—3 cm., whitish, then tan, depressed, plano-infundibuliform,
minutely fibrillose; margin entire, undulate. St. 1-3 x -5-1 cm.,
whitish, equal, villose. Hymenium pale tan, ribbed, setulose under a
lens. Flesh concolorous, subcoriaceous, firm. Spores white, "broadly
pip-shaped, 10 x 6/t" Massee. On the ground. Oct. Rare.
2249. S. tuberosum (Grev.) Massee. (= Thelephora tuberosa (Grev.)
Fr.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 178, as Merisma tuberosum Grev.
Tuberosum, tuberous.
R. 1-2 cm., grey, or with a slight brownish tinge, infundibuliform,
broken up into narrow, compressed segments almost to the base of the st.,
segments acute, or obtuse at the apex. St. -5-2-5 cm. x 2-4 mm.,
concolorous, subcylindrical, obscurely furrowed or lacunose, base
bulbous. Hymenium concolorous, inferior, smooth. Flesh subcoria-
ceous, thin. Spores white, "elliptical, 7-8 x 5ju," Massee. Bare soil.
Sept.— Nov. Rare.
1 "The record in England is an error of determination" sec. Lloyd, Synopsis
Stipitate Stereums, p. 20.
STERETJM 663
II. R. dimidiate, sessile, or resupinate and effuso-reflexed,
marginate.
*Hymenium bleeding when touched.
2250. S. spadiceum Fr. (= Stereum gausapatum Fr. ; Stereum cristu-
latum Quel. ; Stereum quercinum Potter.) Holland, Champ, t.
102, no. 227. Spadiceum, date brown.
R. 5-10 cm., greyish, brownish, or subferruginous, margin often white
at first, effuso-reflexed, or subdimidiate, often imbricated, confluent,
villose or hirsute; margin obtuse, often lobed. Hymenium /MSCOWS, or
bistre, bleeding wJien fresh if cut or bruised, becoming snuff brown or
more or less darker and discoloured with age, smooth, or wrinkled. Flesh
whitish in the middle stratum, coriaceous, soft. Spores white, ellip-
tical, 7-8 x 4r-5/i. Cystidia none. Lacticiferous hyphae, red, "coloured,
75-120 x 5ju, very numerous" Burt. Stumps, and fallen branches,
especially oak, and ash. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2251. S. rugosum (Pers.) Fr. Rugosum, wrinkled.
R. 2-20 cm., pinkish buff, base paler, widely effused, or shortly
reflexed, obtusely marginate, silky, then glabrous, and at length con-
centrically furrowed, radially pitted and weathering grey. Hymenium
pinkish buff to drab-grey, bleeding if bruised when fresh, pruinose. Flesh
whitish, becoming discoloured, coriaceous, rigid, "intermediate layer
bordered on the upper side by a dense golden zone and on the lower
side by a two-many-zoned hymenial layer 120-1 200 /z thick, hyphae of
intermediate layer 2-5-3/z in diam." Burt. Spores white, oblong,
incurved, 10-12 x 4-5/u,. Cystidia none. Lacticiferous hyphae red,
"dark coloured, very numerous, 3-6 /x in diam." Burt. Stumps,
trunks, logs, and fallen branches of frondose trees. Jan. — Dec. Com-
mon, (v.v.)
2252. S. sanguinolentum (A. & S.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 225,
as Thelephora sanguinolenta A. & S.
Sanguinolentum, full of blood.
R. 1-8 cm., pallid, white at the thin, acute margin, effused, often
circular, becoming confluent, then reflexed, adpressedly villose, or
silky, substriate. Hymenium cinereous, then fuscous, bleeding when
wounded, even, smooth, becoming cracked when dry. Flesh whitish,
coriaceous, thin, "intermediate layer bordered on the upper side by
a narrow, dense golden zone, and composed of densely arranged hyaline
hyphae, 3/z in diam." Burt. Spores white, cylindrical, slightly
curved, 8-9 x 3-4jii. Cystidia none. Lacticiferous hyphae red,
"coloured, 3-4 /A, usually numerous" Burt. Dead stumps, and
branches, especially of conifers. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
664 STERETJM
**Hymenium yellow, or grey.
2253. S. hirsutum (Willd.) Fr. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 17, fig. 7.
Hirsutum, hairy.
R. 2-10 cm., pallid, yellowish, or greyish, margin yellow, widely
effused, then reflexed, sometimes entirely resupinate, strigosely hairy,
subzoned; margin obtuse. Hymenium bright ochraceous, pinkish, or
tan colour, sometimes becoming grey, even, smooth. Flesh yellowish,
coriaceous, firm, tough, "intermediate layer bordered next to the
hairy covering by a very dense, narrow, golden zone, composed of
densely and longitudinally arranged hyaline hyphae, 3-4)U, in diam.,
some of which in the subhymenium are thick walled, up to 5-6 /x in.
diam., and very rarely have golden brown contents as seen between the
basidia" Burt. Spores white, elliptical, incurved, 6-8 x 3-4 p.. Cys-
tidia none. Stumps, trunks, logs, posts, and fallen branches. Jan. —
Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. subcostatum (Karst.) Massee. (= Corticium subcostatum (Karst.)
Bourd. & Galz.) Subcostatum, somewhat ribbed.
Differs from the type in its vaguely costate, or rugose hymenium.
Fallen branches. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. luteocitrinum Sacc. Luteus, yellow; citrinum, lemon yellow.
Differs from the type in the golden yellow margin, and dark coloured
p. Stumps. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2254. S. ochroleucum Fr. &>%po?> pale; Xeu/co?, white.
R. 3-5 cm., whitish cream, then greyish tan colour, orbicular, effuso-
reflexed, confluent, then free, often entirely resupinate, villose, or
strigose, zoned. Hymenium pale ochre, smooth, cracked when dry.
Flesh pale, floccose, thin, "hyphae about 2-5/x. in diam., granule-
incrusted and interwoven throughout the thickness of the pileus"
Burt. Spores white, elliptical or subglobose, 4-5-5 x 3p,. Dead wood
and bark. Jan. — March. Uncommon, (v.v.)
***Hymenium purple, lilac, or brown.
2255. S. purpureum (Pers.) Fr. (= Stereum vorticosum Fr. sec. Burt.)
Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. i, t. 20. Purpureum, purple.
R. 2-8 cm., whitish, pallid, or greyish, effuso-reflexed, more or less
imbricate, sometimes entirely resupinate, zoned, villosely tomentose',
margin entire, sometimes crisped or lobed. Hymenium lilac, or
purplish, even, smooth. Flesh whitish, coriaceous-soft, somewhat
thick. Spores white, oblong, or oboval, apiculate at one end, 6-8 x
3-4ju,. Hymenial cystidia none, subhymenial cystidia vesiculose, 15-
30 x 12-25/A. Dead branches, and felled trunks, especially birch,
beech, elm, and poplar. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
STEBEUM 665
var. atro-marginatum W. G. Sm. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 412, fig. 1, as
Auricularia elegans Sow. Ater, black; marginatum, bordered.
Differs from the type in the narrow, black zone near the white margin
of the p. Dead branches. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2256. S. ragosiusculum Berk. & Curt. (= Stereum purpureum (Pers.)
auct. pi.) Rugosiusculum, somewhat wrinkled.
R. 2-6 cm., cartridge-buff to cinnamon buff when dry, more or less
broadly reflexed, rarely resupinate, tomentose, spongy, sometimes with
projecting hairs collapsed together into a plane or wrinkled surface;
margin entire. Hymenium vinaceous-buff to fawn colour when dry,
even. Flesh whitish, coriaceous-soft, fairly thick. Spores white,
elliptical, incurved, 5-7 x 3-4 p. Hymenial cystidia cylindrical,
thin walled, 4ju in diam., subhymenial cystidia vesiculose, 15—30 x
10-20/u,. Logs and stumps of frondose trees. Jan. — Dec. Common.
(v.v.)
2257. S. conchatum Fr. Koyxy, a mussel shell.
R. 4—30 mm., dirty yellowish, effuso-reflexed, then shell-shaped,
subimbricate, rugose, glabrous, obscurely zoned, somewhat crisped.
Hymenium fuscous, smooth. Flesh coriaceous, thin. Fir. Rare.
2258. S. bicolor (Pers.) Fr. (= Stereum fuscum (Schrad.) Quel.) Fr.
Icon. t. 197, fig. 2. Bicolor, two coloured.
R. 1-5 cm., snuff-brown to bistre when dry, sometimes resupinate,
generally becoming conchate-reflexed, often imbricate, villose, be-
coming glabrous, somewhat concentrically sulcate. Hymenium white,
then cream colour to pallid mouse grey when dry, even, smooth. Flesh
submembranaceous, soft, spongy, "composed of longitudinally and
loosely interwoven hyphae, 3/t in diam., coloured towards the
upper surface, hyaline towards the hymenium. Spores hyaline, 3-
4-5 x 2-3 fi. Gloeocystidia hyaline, flexuose, 20-60 x 5-7 /A" Burt.
Rotting frondose limbs and sometimes on pine. April — Dec. Rare.
III. Effused, resupinate, margin scarcely, or not at all free.
*Hymenium stratose.
2259. S. frustulosum (Pers.) Fr. Frustulosum, full of pieces.
R. 2-5 mm., date-brown-blackish, resupinate, tuberculose, crowded as
if confluent, and then broken up into frustules, sometimes growing
outward from the place of attachment and narrowly reflexed, or with
a free margin all round, concentrically sulcate, glabrous. Hymenium
pinkish buff to whitish, convex, pruinose, stratose. Flesh woody, thick.
Spores "hyaline, oboval, 5-6 x 3-3-5/x. Paraphyses bottle-brush, or
aculeate, numerous" Burt. Oak logs and stumps. Rare.
666 STEREUM
2260. S. stratosum B. & Br. Stratosum, stratose.
R. 5-10 cm., bright ochraceous white, becoming yellowish, effused,
smooth, here and there wrinkled. Flesh pallid, stratose, strata at
length broken up. Rare.
**Hymenium pubescent, velvety.
2261. S. Chailletii (Pers.) Fr. D. Chaillet.
R. 2—15 cm., somewhat fawn colour, or brownish, broadly effused,
resupinate the first year, then becoming stratose, and at length pileate,
pilei sometimes well developed, tomentose, more or less concentrically
sulcate; margin entire. Hymenium pale ferruginous, or fawn colour,
pubescent, velvety. Flesh pallid, coriaceous, fairly thick, "composed
of somewhat longitudinally and not densely interwoven hyphae,
3— 4-5/A in diarn., some of which are hyaline, thin walled, and with
deeply staining protoplasm, and many thick walled, stiff, giving their
colour to the fructification and curving into the hymenium where
they terminate in cystidia" Burt. Spores "hyaline, elliptical, in-
equilateral, 6-7-5 x 3-4ja. Cystidia yellowish, rough, fusiform, cylin-
drical, 50-120 x 4-5 //,, or in old stratose plants, 45-60 x 5-7 ju," Bres.
Felled fir trunk. Oct.— Dec. Rare, (v.v.)
S. disciforme (DC.) Fr. = Aleurodiscus discifonnis (DC.) Pat.
***Hymenium pruinose.
2262. S. abietimun (Pers.) Fr. Abietinum, of firs.
R. 2-8 cm., burnt umber, resupinate, effused, rarely reflexed, tomen-
tose, obscurely zonate, tuberculate or uneven. Hymenium light drab
to cinereous or glaucous, pruinose. Flesh coloured, coriaceous-spongy,
thick, "intermediate layer composed of longitudinally arranged, inter-
woven, coloured hyphae, 3-3-5/z in diam., bordered on its outer side
by a darker, denser zone which connects with the tomentose covering ;
hymenial layer becoming zonate and containing numerous, coloured,
cystidia. Spores hyaline, flattened on one side, 9-13 x 4-5 p,. Cystidia
coloured, cylindric, obtuse, even, rough walled or more or less in-
crusted, 90-150 x 6-8^, protruding up to 60/x" Burt. Pine and
Abies trunks and logs. Rare.
2263. S. Pini Fr. Pini, of pines.
R. 1-4 mm., fuscous, then Benzo-brown, resupinate, adnate, at first
orbicular, then confluent, and again broken up into bullate tubercles,
smooth beneath; margin fimbriate, lobed. Hymenium purple flesh
colour, becoming fuscous, pruinose. Flesh coriaceous-cartilaginous,
rigid, thin at the margin, "intermediate layer bordered on each side
by a narrow, coloured zone, and composed of longitudinally arranged,
STEREUM. HYMENOCHAETE 667
densely interwoven, hyaline hyphae with walls gelatinously modified,
the subhymenium olivaceous-coloured. Spores hyaline, curved, 5-6 x
2-2-5/u. Cystidia hyaline, incrusted, 24 x 8/i, sometimes very sparse.
Gloeocystidia hyaline, fusoid, or irregular, 30-40 x 10-15/i, sparse"
Burt. Pine bark. Nov. Eare.
2264. S. rufum Fr. (= Stereum rufomarginatum (Pers.) Quel.; British
records of this plant = Eichleriella spinulosa (Berk. & Curt.)
Burt, sec. Wakef.) Burt, The Thelephoraceae of North
America, xn, Stereum, p. 121, text-fig. 11. Rufum, red.
R. 2-4 mm., vinaceous~brown to hematite red, erumpent, tuberculi-
form, then somewhat round, marginate, smooth beneath. Hymenium
vinaceous-brown, often greyish pruinose, becoming coarsely wrinkled.
Flesh coriaceous-fleshy, firm, fairly thick, "composed of ascending
loosely interwoven, incrusted, hyaline hyphae, 4^4-5 fj, in diam. over
the incrustation. Spores white, oblong, curved, 6-8 x 1-5-2 /A. Cys-
tidia none. Gloeocystidia hyaline, flexuose, 50-90 x 7-10/i, scattered,
not protruding" Burt. Poplar. Sept. — March. Uncommon.
S. acerinum (Pers.) Fr. = Aleurodiscus acerinus (Pers.) von Hoehn.
& Litsch.
Hymenochaete Lev. (= Stereum (Pers.) Massee p.p.).
(vfirjv, a membrane; %atT/7, long flowing hair.)
Receptacle coriaceous, firm, sessile, effuso-reflexed, or resupinate.
Hymenium inferior, with an intermediate layer, setulose, or velvety,
even, rarely granular. Spores white, or coloured, elliptical, oval, sub-
globose, oblong, fusoid, or cylindrical ellipsoid; smooth. Cystidia or
setae present, coloured. Perennial. Growing on wood.
I. Sessile, effused, free and reflexed.
2265. H. rubiginosa (Dicks.) Lev. (= Stereum rubiginosum (Schrad.)
Fr.) Sow. Brit. Fung. t. 26, as Auricularia ferruginea.
Rubiginosa, rusty.
R. 3-15 cm., rubiginous, or brownish rust colour, margin ochraceous
tawny, effused, reflexed, sometimes entirely resupinate, separable,
rigid, somewhat fasciate, concentrically sulcate, velvety, becoming
smooth and date brown. Hymenium ferruginous, or bistre, setulose,
subcolliculose. Flesh tawny ferruginous, coriaceous, firm, intermediate
layer "composed of longitudinally arranged, coloured hyphae, 2-5^t
in diam., and bordered above by a narrow, dense, dark zone" Burt.
Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 2-3/u,. Setae coloured, crowded, acutely
conical, slightly curved, 50-70 x 5-7 />t. Stumps, branches and logs
of frondose trees. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
668 HYMENOCHAETE
2266. H. tabacina (Sow.) Lev. (= Stereum tabacinum (Sow.) Fr.;
Stereum avellanum Fr. in part; Hymenochaete avellana (Fr.)
Cke.) Sow. Brit. Fung. t. 25, as Auricularia tabacina Sow.
Tabacina, tobacco colour.
R. 3—30 cm., subferruginous, becoming brown, margin golden, effused,
reflexed, often imbricate, sometimes entirely resupinate, silky, at
length, becoming smooth. Hymenium paler, snuff brown, or sepia,
setulose, often deeply cracked into a series of radial anastomosing
cracks when resupinate. Flesh golden, coriaceous, flaccid, thin, inter-
mediate layer composed of "longitudinally arranged, orange-yellow
hyphae, 2-5— 3^ in diam., bordered on each side by a narrow, dark,
dense zone" Burt. Spores white, oblong, often curved, 4-6 x 1-5-2 fj,.
Setae coloured, conico-acuminate, 70-100 x 8-12/z. Stumps, trunks,
and logs, especially of frondose trees. Sept. — March. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
H. avellana (Fr.) Cke. = Hymenochaete tabacina (Sow.) Lev.
2267. H. Boltonii (Fr.) Cke. (= Corticium Boltonii Fr.)
James Bolton, author of "An History of Fungusses growing
about Halifax."
R. 3—4 cm., white to ochre, or pale lavender, zoned brown, or black,
effused; margin shortly reflexed, villose. Hymenium white to pale
brown, becoming ferruginous fuscous, or dark red, setulose. Setae
"clavate, attenuated at the base, 70-80 x 10-1 Ifj,, smaller in re-
supinate forms " Cke. Bird cherry. Feb. Rare.
II. Resupinate.
A. Hymenium simple.
f Setae acuminate.
*Spores white.
2268. H. nigrescens Cke. Nigrescens, becoming black.
R. 2-5— 5 cm., fuscous, becoming black, peltate, subcircular, solitary,
or gregarious, sometimes confluent, adnate; margin sometimes free
and slightly reflexed, smooth and greyish beneath. Hymenium brown,
then blackish, or blackish umber, setulose, often cracked. Flesh rigid.
Spores "white, elliptical, 10 x 5/z. Setae blackish, conical, 80-140 x
10-12 ft" Massee. Dry wood. May.
2269. H. Stevensonii B. & Br. (= Stereum rufo-hispidum Stev.)
Rev. John Stevenson, the eminent Scotch mycologist.
R. 2—4 cm., pale fawn colour, effused, adnate ; margin abrupt, some-
times a little thickened, and raised. Hymenium livid, or greyish pink,
with a tinge of lilac when dry, setulose. Flesh rigid. Spores white,
"elliptic fusoid, 6-7 x 3-4/1,. Setae (rufous), rigid, 20-40 x 8-10/*"
Massee. Bark of yew. Sept. — April. Rare, (v.v.)
HYMENOCHAETE 669
2270. H. leonina Berk. & Curt. XeW, a lion.
R. 2-10 cm., orange ferruginous, drying tawny olive to "Brussels-
brown" entirely resupinate, widely effused, separable; margin tomen-
tose. Hymenium concolorous, setulose, unequal. Flesh concolorous,
coriaceous, loose, "composed of a compact setigerous layer 50-75 [i
thick, with setae starting at different levels within it, and of a broad
supporting hyphal layer, 100— 600/z thick, composed of loosely inter-
woven, rather longitudinally arranged hyphae, 3/u, in diam., stiff,
coloured like the fructification; in fully developed, thick fructifica-
tions the hyphal layer is divided, parallel with the substratum, ~by a
narrow, dark zone" Burt. Spores white, elliptical, "5-6 x 3-3-5/z.
Setae conical, tapering from the base to the apex, 60-80 x 7-9 p,,
emerging up to 50 /A " Burt. Dead wood and holly. Rare.
2271. H. fuliginosa (Pers.) Lev. (? = Hymenochaete fuliginosa (Pers.)
Bres.) Fuliginosa, sooty.
R. 4— 5 cm., obscure smoky brown, effused, closely adnate; margin
yellowish rust, often very much broken up into patches, and almost
indeterminate. Hymenium umber with rust, or purple tinge, densely
or sparsely setulose, appearing almost smooth under a lens, some-
times minutely cracked, and brighter in colour. Flesh coriaceous,
compact. Spores white, "subglobose, 5 x 4/n. Setae brown, often
clear purple by transmitted light, 30-50 x 6-8 p," Massee. Wood, and
decorticated branches. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2272. H. Mougeotii (Fr.) Cke. (= Corticium Mougeotii Fr.) Trans.
Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 9.
J. B. Mougeot, part author of "Stirpes cryptogamicae Vogeso-
rhenanae."
R. 5-20 mm., rusty brown, reddish brown at the margin, effuso-
reflexed, closely adnate, minutely tomentose; margin silky. Hy-
menium deep red, tubercular, or granular, pruinosely pubescent, setu-
lose. Flesh concolorous, or paler, waxy, then rigid. Spores white,
cylindrically ellipsoid, or oblong, 5-7 x 2ja. Setae red, apex hyaline
and white, gradually attenuated upwards, 30-60 x 5-8/A. Dead
branches of Picea excelsa. Aug.— Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
2273. H. comigata (Fr.) Lev. (= Corticium corrugatum Fr.) Grev.
Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 234, as Thelephora Padi Pers.
Corrugata, wrinkled.
R. 5-20 cm., pallid cinnamon, widely effused, closely adnate,
when dry, cracked, into small polygonal areas, about 1-3 to a mm.,
sometimes grumous ; margin thin, sometimes paler. Hymenium cinna-
mon brown to bistre and "Rood's brown," sometimes weathering to mouse
grey, setulose. Flesh concolorous, or paler, firm, "composed of densely
interwoven hyphae, 3/x, in diam., coloured like the fructification"
Burt. Spores white, allantoid, 4-5-7 x l-5-2ju,. Setae brown, cylin-
670 HYMENOCHAETE. CLADODEBRIS
drical, acute, 55-75 x 7-12/A. Dead wood and branches. Jan. — Dec.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
**Spores coloured.
2274. H. croceo-ferruginea Massee. Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27, t. v,
figs. 9, a, b, c.
Croceus, saffron yellow ; ferruginea, iron rust colour.
R. 5—8 cm., orange ferruginous to brownish, broadly effused, closely
adnate; margin byssoid or indeterminate. Hymenium concolorous,
very minutely setulose, cracked when dry. Flesh crustaceous, very
thin. Spores "olive, subglobose, 7 x 6 /A. Setae cylindrical, base very
much swollen, 70-100 x 30-35 /z" Massee. Dead stems of Rosa
canina. Rare.
ft Setae subclavate, sometimes rough.
2275. H. crassa (Lev.) Berk. Lev. Voy. Bonite, t. 139, fig. 1 B, as
Thelephora crassa Lev. Crassa, thick.
R. 2-5-11 cm., pale rufous, resupinate, effused, minutely velvety;
margin thickened, at length free. Hymenium rufous, unequal, setu-
lose. Flesh coriaceous, soft, spongy. Spores white, "cylindric-
ellipsoid, 7-8 x 4^,. Setae subclavate, often rough at the apex, 70-130 x
7-14/i" Massee. Trunks. Rare.
H. abietina (Pers.) Massee = Stereum abietinum (Pers.) Fr.
B. Hymenium stratose.
2276. H. cinnamomea (Pers.) Bres. (= Corticium cinnamomeum
(Pers.) Fr.) Cinnamomea, cinnamon colour.
R. 3-7 cm., cinnamon brown, or auburn, resupinate, widely effused,
adnate, velvety; margin paler, floccose. Hymenium cinnamon-brown,
drying antique brown to "Brussels-brown," setulose, stratose. Flesh con-
colorous, thick, loose, "stratose, ranging up to 6 strata, each com-
posed of a setigerous layer 30-45 fj, broad, and of a hyphal layer of
equal or greater breadth, with hyphae coloured like the fructifica-
tion, loosely interwoven, 3/x, in diam." Burt. Spores white, cylin-
dric-ellipsoid, curved, 5-6 x 2-2-5/u,. Setae mahogany colour, apex
paler, tapering upwards into an acute point, 70-100 x 5-6 /A. " Basidia
clavate, 10-12 x 3-5/t, with 4-sterigmata, intermingled with long,
cylindrical, blunt, paraphyses, brown below, more or less hyaline
above, 4/x in diam." Wakef . Bark, decaying wood and fallen branches
of frondose and coniferous trees. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Cladoderris Pers.
(/e\o8o<?, a branch; Seppis, a leathern covering.)
Receptacle coriaceous, pileate, sessile, or produced behind into a
stem-like base. Hymenium inferior, with fan-like folds, or radiating,
woody, branched ribs, or veins. Spores white, elliptic oblong, smooth.
Cystidia present. Growing on wood.
CLADODERRIS. EPITHELE. ALEURODISCTJS 671
2277. C. minima B. & Br. Stevenson, Brit. Fung, n, p. 266, fig. 85.
Minima, least.
R. 4-6 mm., white, flabelliform, resupinate, springing from a stem-
like, or obsolete base, tomentose, somewhat zoned. Hymenium white,
Incoming yellowish tan, radiated on branched ribs. Flesh coriaceous,
firm. Spores white, "elliptic-oblong, apiculate at the base, curved,
14-15 x 4r-5fj," Massee. Birch. Dec. Rare.
2. Hymenium seated directly on the mycelium.
Epithele Pat.
(eVi, upon; #77X77, a nipple.)
Receptacle waxy, or floccose, resupinate, effused. Hymenium
smooth, interspersed with scattered, sterile protuberances, caused by
the breaking through of fasciculate mycelial hyphae. Spores white,
fusiform, smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Grow-
ing on dead leaves, herbaceous stems, and wood.
2278. E. Typhae (Pers.) Pat. (= Corticium Typhae (Pers.) Fr.) Beit,
zur Kennt. der Cort. in Sitzungsber. der k. Akad. d. Wissensch.
Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl. Bd. cxv (1906), 1598, and reprint 50,
text-fig. 3. Typha, the Mace-reed.
R. 1-4 cm., white, becoming yellowish, or dull buff, longitudinally
effused, originating as byssoid spots, then confluent, minutely tomen-
tose under a lens. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, then papillose,
and often cracked. Flesh whitish, waxy, floccose, very thin. Spores
white, fusiform, 20-25 x 7-8/x, 2-3-guttulate. Dead dry leaves of
Typha, and Carex. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Aleurodiscus Rabenh.
(akevpov, flour, starch ; Stoveo?, a round plate.)
Receptacle waxy floccose, or crustaceous, becoming coriaceous;
resupinate, saucer-shaped with a free margin, or effused and adnate.
Hymenium smooth, pulverulent, often containing much granular, or
crystalline matter. Spores white, large, ovoid, elliptical, or sub-
globose; smooth, or echinulate; basidia large with 4 stout sterigmata,
intermixed with torulose, moniliform, or racemose paraphyses, or
sterile basidia. Growing on wood.
I. Discoid, cup-shaped, pezizaeform.
*Spores smooth.
2279. A. discifonnis (DC.) Pat. (= Stereum disciforme (DC.) Fr.)
Sia-tcos, a quoit ; forma, shape.
R. 1-2-5 cm., white, or tan colour, resupinate, disciform; margin
white, free, narrow. Hymenium white, becoming greyish, rigid, un-
even, pulverulent. Flesh i concolorous, subconaceons, hard, firm. Spores
white, "ovoid, or subglobose, 16-22 x 12-16/A, membrane coloured
672 ALEURODISCTTS. CORTICIUM
blue with iodine; basidia 60-90 x 10-14//,. Paraphyses or sterile
basidia torulose, 5-9 ^u, in diam. Hyphae rather thick walled, 3— 5jn in
diam." Bourd. & Galz. Trunks, and branches of oaks. Oct. — March.
Uncommon.
**Spores rough.
2280. A. amorphus (Pers.) Rabenh. (= Corticium amorphum (Pers.)
Fr.) cifj(,op(f)o<>, misshapen.
R. 3-15 mm., white, becoming pallid, cup-shaped, then flattened,
scattered, or confluent, externally white tomentose, and hairs incrusted
with calcium oxalate; margin free, incurved. Hymenium orange, or
buff pink, becoming paler, especially at the margin and subolivaceous
when dried, even, continuous, pulverulent. Flesh pale, subcoriaceous,
pliant, dense. Spores white, minutely echinulate, spines hyaline, sub-
globose, 20-30 x 17-25/t, the membrane colours blue with iodine;
"basidia 100-150 x 15-24 /z, with 2-4 subulate, curved sterigmata,
20-30 x 4-5 jit. Paraphyses or sterile basidia torulose, 4-lOju, in diam.
Hyphae rather thick walled, 3-6 /A in diam., basal hyphae slightly
coloured, often incrusted with calcium oxalate" Bourd. & Galz.
Silver fir, and larch. Aug. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
II. Resupinate, effused, margin never reflexed.
2281. A. acerinus (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (= Stereum acerinum
(Pers.) Fr.) Acerinus, pertaining to maples.
R. 3-10 mm., white, irregularly effused, scattered, resupinate, crus-
taceous, adnate; margin abrupt. Hymenium white, mealy, then
smooth, and finally cracked. Flesh white, chalky, containing numerous
crystals of calcium oxalate, compact, thin. Spores white, "ovoid,
elliptical, 10-15 x 6-11 p,, scarcely coloured by iodine; basidia 36-
50-60 x 6-9-14 ju,, with 2-4-sterigmata, 6-7^, long. Paraphyses or
sterile basidia branched, pointed, or capped by 1-2-globules. Hyphae
very much branched, -75-1-5^ in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Maple, and
sycamore. Dec. Rare.
Corticium (Pers.).
(Cortex, bark.)
Receptacle waxy, crustaceous, or floccose, resupinate, effused.
Hymenium smooth, or tubercular, waxy, continuous, often cracked.
Spores white, very rarely coloured, ovate, elliptical, globose, oboval,
pip-shaped, pyriform, boat-shaped, almond-shaped, subtriangular,
cylindrical, cylindric ellipsoid, oblong, or sausage-shaped; smooth,
rarely granular; basidia with 2-4-6-8-sterigmata, forming a homo-
geneous hymenium, sometimes accompanied with sterile basidia
(cystidioles). Cystidia none. Growing on wood, more rarely on leaves,
or on the ground.
CORTICIUM 673
I. Hymenium homogeneous, regular, consisting only of basidia.
Hyphae distinct, or indistinct, with or without clamp connections
at the septa, but never having abnormally large clamp connections,
or becoming tuber osely swollen at the septa.
1. Receptacle membranaceous ; trama fibrillose, or tomentose,
hyphae always distinct; hymenium fairly thick.
2282. C. caeruleum (Schrad.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 350, as Auricu-
laria phosphorea Sow. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. rv, t. 3, fig. 26.
Caeruleum, dark blue.
R. 2-15 cm., beautiful azure blue, somewhat round, broadly effused,
adnate, at first tomentose; margin whitish, or azure blue, byssoid.
Hymenium concolorous, paler when dry, papillose. Flesh bluish under
the hymenium, waxy, floccose, loose. Spores white, ovate-elliptical,
7-9 x 4-6 yu; "basidia 30-48 x 6-7-5/n, with 2-4-sterigmata. Hyphae
thin-, or slightly thick- walled, 3-4-5/A in diam., with clamp connections,
loose, blue in the subhymenial layer" Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood,
branches, sticks, and twigs, in woods, and hedgerows. Jan. — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
2283. C. laeve (Pers.) Quel. (= Corticium evolvens Fr.) Fr. Icon. t.
198, fig. 1, as Corticium radiosum~Fi. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv,
t. 3, figs. 23-24. Laeve, smooth.
R. 2-20 cm., white, cream colour, flesh colour, or tan, effused, en-
tirely adnate, or forming distinct, reflexed, strigose pileoli; margin
white, silky, radiating, or becoming obtuse, reflexed. Hymenium
cream colour, then pinkish ochre, or livid to brownish when old ; pale
buff with a pinkish tinge or lilac tinge when dry, smooth, waxy, more
or less undulate, sometimes coarsely tuberculate, and rarely Radulum-
like, usually much cracked in an areolate manner when dry. Flesh
pale, floccose, loose. Spores white, pyriform, or pip-shaped, usually
slightly incurved at the base, 9-12 x 6-7-5 jit, often slightly punctate;
"basidia 25-40-90 x 5-5-9 /u, with 2-4-sterigmata. Hyphae thin
walled, hyaline, 2-3-6/u. in diam., with clamp connections, parallel at
the base, then ascending in a loose trama" Bourd. & Galz. Trunks,
logs, and fallen branches. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2284. C. roseum (Pers.) Fr. (= Corticium roseolum Massee sec. Wakef .
in litt.) Roseum, rose-coloured.
R. 2-12 cm., rose colour, effused, adnate; margin white, byssoid,
fringed. Hymenium rose pink, becoming pallid, or pale ochraceous
with a pink tinge when dry, pruinose, at length rimosely cracked.
Flesh pale, floccose, loose. Spores "white, sometimes tinged rosy,
oboval, 8-12-16-5 x 6-9-10/z; basidia at first bladder-shaped, sunk
in the simple, or branched paraphysoid hyphae, then normal, 28-
45 x 6-10/Lt, with 2-4 curved sterigmata, 6-8/1, long. Hyphae with
K. B. B. 43
674 COBTICIUM
slightly thickened walls, 2-4-5/t in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead
wood, and fallen branches. Oct. — April. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2285. C. bombycinum (Sommerf.) Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi,
text-figs, p. 139. Bombycinum, silky.
R. 2-5 cm., white, then cream colour, or pale alutaceous, effused,
separable, smooth, or slightly rough; margin pubescent, floccose,
rarely fibrillose. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or rough, pulveru-
lent under a lens. Flesh membranaceous, fairly thick, floccose. Spores
white, broadly elliptical, or ovate, somewhat irregular, 9-12 x G-Sfi,
1-guttulate; basidia cylindrical, 21-34-45 x 4-6-9 p, with 2^-sterig-
mata, 6-8/u, long. Hyphae rather thick walled', 4-6/x in diam.,
branched, frequently septate, with clamp connections. Trunks of
living pollarded willows. Oct. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2286. C. vellereum Ellis & Cragin. (= Corticium chlamydosporium
Burt; Corticium Bresadolae Bourd.) Vellereum, woolly.
R. 2-10 cm., white, cream, or tinged buff pink, widely effused, ad-
nate; margin white, silky, radiating. Hymenium waxy-white, cream,
or tinged buff pink, not changing when dried, smooth, pulverulent.
Flesh concolorous, or pale, waxy, floccose, loose, thick. Spores white,
subglobose, or broadly elliptical, apiculate at the base, 5-6 x 5p,
or 5-9 x 5-7-5/i, 1-guttulate; basidia 18-30-54 x 5-7-5/n, with 2-4
curved sterigmata, 3-5 /u, long. Basal hyphae very loosely interwoven,
sparingly branched, thin walled, 2-7 ft in diam., with clamp con-
nections. On bark, and felled elm trunks. Nov. — Feb. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
2. Receptacle fleshy-membranaceous, then rigid and fragile, thick,
often reflexed, and Stereum-like. Hymenium tuberculose and
radially crested.
2287. C. subcostatum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Stereum subcostatum
Karst. ; Radulum pendulum Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz.) Quel. Ass.
Fr. (1882), t. xi, fig. 16, as Stereum album Quel.
Sub, somewhat; costatum, ribbed.
R. 3-12 cm., cream, or cream chamois colour, resupinate, or reflexed,
villose, or strigose on the outside; margin torn, fibrillose, or ciliate.
Hymenium concolorous, becoming chamois, pinkish, or reddish when
dried, tubercular in the centre, radially rugose, and wrinkled towards
the margin, finally deeply cracked. Flesh white, fleshy membrana-
ceous, then firm, fibrillose, brittle. Spores white, "oblong sub-
cylindric, slightly depressed on the side, 5—6-8-5 x 2-75-4ft, contents
homogeneous; basidia 12-25-45 x 3-4- 7 ft, with 2-4 straight sterig-
mata, 4-4-5/x long. Hyphae thin walled, 2-4ju in diam., with clamp
connections" Bourd. & Galz. Dead branches of alder, birch, and pine.
Oct. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
COBTICIUM 675
3. Receptacle waxy-membranaceous. Hyphae thin walled,
distinct, soon agglutinated and collapsed.
2288. C. lacteum Fr. Lacteum, milk white.
R. 5-15 cm., milk white, effused, pruinose, laxly fibrillose beneath;
margin fibrillose. Hymenium deeper coloured, waxy, often rugulose,
or reticulately veined like a Merulius when moist. Flesh whitish,
membranaceous, waxy, thin. Spores white, "oboval, 4-5-7 x 2-5-6 /z,
1-2-guttulate, or contents granular; basidia 20-36 x 4-6 fj,, with 2-4
straight sterigmata, 5-6 JJL long. Hyphae thin walled, subhymenial,
2-5-3ju- in diam., the basal 5-8/jt in diam., with rather infrequent
clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Trunks and fallen branches.
Oct. — Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2289. C. Wakefieldiae Bres.
Miss E. M. Wakefield, the well-known Kew mycologist.
R. 2-6 cm., whitish, then isabelline, broadly effused ; margin pallid,
pruinose, subfimbriate. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, at length
widely cracked. Flesh membranaceous, soft. Mycelium white, prui-
nose. Spores hyaline, 6-8 x 5-6 p; basidia collapsed forming an in-
distinct layer. Hyphae very distinct, 4-7-9 /u, in diam., septate with
clamp connections. Ground and wood. Rare.
2290. C. fuciforme (Berk.) Wakef. (= Isaria fuciformis Berk.; Hy-
pochnus fuciformis McAlp.) <jf>0«o?, sea-weed ; forma, shape.
R. 1-5 cm., pale, or bright rose colour, effused, incrusting, forming
small patches here and there. Hymenium concolorous, smooth. Flesh
concolorous, subgelatinous, thin. Spores white, pip-shaped, depressed
on one side, apiculate, 11-12-5 x 5-6 /A; basidia slightly tinged pink,
clavate, 5-5-7 /z in diam., with 2-4 stout curved sterigmata. Hyphae
tinged pink, with clamp connections, thin walled and rather vacuolate,
2-4/x in diam. Leaves and stalks of grasses. Aug. Uncommon, (v.v)
4. Receptacle pelliculose, or arachnoid, slightly adnate to the sub-
stratum. Trama loose, consisting of thin walled, distinct hyphae,
2-6/A in diam. Basidia with 2-4-sterigmata.
2291. C. Galzinii Bourd. A. Galzin.
R. 3-10 cm., whitish, with a more or less glaucous, or yellowish green
tint, effused, forming a delicate pellicle, loosely adherent to the sub-
stratum, smooth, or porous ; margin byssoid. Hymenium concolorous,
loose, and pulverulent under a lens. Flesh whitish, membranaceous,
arachnoid. Spores white, obovate, or narrowly cylindrical, pointed
at the base, 2^4 x 1-1 -5 /x; basidia borne in dense tufts, "candelabra"
fashion, 7-9-14 x 3-4/A, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 3-4/A long.
Basal hyphae thin walled, 2-5 /A in diam., loosely interwoven, septate,
43—2
676 CORTICITJM
with clamp connections. Conifer wood, cones, and on birch. Sept. —
March. Uncommon.
2292. C. arachnoideum Berk. (= Corticium centrifugum (Lev.) Bres.)
apd'xvriy a spider's web; eZ£o9, like.
R. 2-18 cm.>, white, greenish white, or greyish, effused, subadnate,
arachnoid, more rarely continuous; margin delicately byssoid or
arachnoid. Hymenium concolorous, loose, rarely continuous. Flesh
concolorous, floccose, very thin. Spores white, oblong, obliquely apicu-
late at the base, 5-7 x 3-4 p, "often cohering in 2-4; basidia clavate,
9-15-27 x 3-4-7 ft, with 2-4-sterigmata, 4-6/z long. Basal hyphae
regular, thin- or slightly thick-walled, clamp connections sparse,
3-8 /A in diam.; subhymenial hyphae 2-3-5/x. in diam." Bourd. &
Galz. Stumps, logs, and fallen branches. Oct. — March. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
2293. C. coprophilum Wakef. /COTT/OO?, dung; $1X09, loving.
R. 1-2 cm., greyish white, effused, arachnoid, easily separable.
Hymenium concolorous, pulverulent. Flesh whitish, filamentous, very
thin. Spores white, subglobose, apiculate at the base, 4/x, 1-guttulate;
basidia with 3-6-sterigmata, 15-25 x 6/x, with 3-6 curved sterigmata,
2-5/z. long. Basal hyphae 3-5-4/z in diam., scarcely nodose-septate.
Horse dung and surrounding grass culms. July — Aug. Uncommon.
2294. C. microsporum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz.
fjuicpo<$, small; (nropd, seed.
R. 3-6 cm., milk white, or cream colour, irregularly effused, pellicu-
lose; margin white, pruinose, or fibrillose. Hymenium cream, with
sometimes a faint pinkish tinge, often imperfect, or cracked. Flesh
white, delicate, very thin, fragile. Spores white, subglobose, 2/z, or
3 x 2/x, often with a small oil drop; basidia 12-15(-18) x 3-4(-5)/^t,
with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 3-4/u, long. Basal hyphae 3-5^t, with
clamp connections, sometimes incrusted with crystals. Stumps and
branches. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
2295. C. croceum (Kunze) Bres. (= Sporotrichum croceum Kunze &
Schmidt; Corticium sulphureum Fr.) rcpo/cos, saffron.
R. 1-4 cm., white, becoming yellowish, effused, arachnoid, then sub-
membranaceous, separable when fresh, adnate when dry; margin
white or lemon yellow, arachnoid, running out into the bright yellow or
saffron coloured, branched strands of the rhizomorphoid mycelium.
Hymenium concolorous, pruinose or mealy. Flesh concolorous, arach-
noid, thin. Spores white, "subglobose or ovoid, 2-75-3-5 x 2-5-3 ;u;
basidia 12-17 x 3-4-5/Lt. Hyphae thin walled, 2-3/x in diam., often
verrucose or rough with small crystals" Bourd. & Galz. Fallen sticks,
etc. Oct. — Jan. "Not uncommon" Berk.
CORTICIUM 677
2296. C. atrovirens Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 16.
Ater, black; virens, green.
R. 2-6 cm., Hue, greenish blue, or dark greenish, irregularly effused,
floccoso-fibrillose, or arachnoid, seated on a concolorous, profuse,
mycelium. Hymenium paler, or tinged with yellow, submembrana-
ceous. Flesh concolorous, arachnoid, thin. Spores greenish, or bluish,
subglobose, 3-5-4/x, in diam. ; basidia clavate, 18-20 x 5-6 fj,, with
2-4-sterigmata, 3-4|u, long. Hyphae greenish blue, 2-4/u, in diam.,
thin walled, without clamp connections. Bark and fallen branches.
Sept. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
5. Receptacle dry, subpelliculose, crustaceous, or pruinose, adnate.
Basidia truncate at the apex, with 4-6, or 6-8-sterigmata.
2297. C. niveo-cremeum von Hoehn. & Litsch. Trans. Brit. Myc.
Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 71.
Niveus, snow white ; cremeum, cream colour.
R. 2—5 cm., greyish white to cream colour, effused, indeterminate,
closely adnate, dry. Hymenium concolorous, waxy, slightly granular
in places, very minutely and abundantly cracked when dry, giving a
characteristic appearance under a lens, the cracks being bridged by
numerous, fine, byssoid strands of the subiculum. Flesh concolorous,
byssoid, very thin. Spores white, cylindric-ellipsoid, or slightly in-
curved and boat-shaped, 6-7 x 3-4 /A, occasional spores up to 10 x 5/z;
basidia 12-18(-30) x 4-5-7 /x, truncate above, with 4-6-8 straight
sterigmata, 4-5jU, long. Basal hyphae thin walled, 4-5/A in diam., in-
distinct, branched, septate, with clamp connections. Rotten wood.
Nov. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
6. Receptacle dry, chalky, or pubescent, adnate. Trama
distinct. Basidia with 2-4-sterigmata.
2298. C. Sambuci (Pers.) Fr. (= Corticium serum (Pers.) Quel.;
Peniophora Chrysanthemi Plowr. sec. Wakef. in litt.) Grev.
Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 242, as Thelephora Sambuci Pers.
Sambuci, of elder.
R. 2—18 cm., pure snow white, or chalk white, becoming yellowish
when dried, effused, subinnate, incrusting, chalky, collapsing and more
or less powdery when dry. Hymenium concolorous, granular, pruinose.
Flesh white, crustaceous, very thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical,
appearing almost globose under a low magnification, with a small
lateral apiculus, 3-6 x 3-5 p, often 1-guttulate; basidia 15-22 x
3'5-5-5jii, accompanied by fusoid sterile basidia (cystidioles) often
expanded into a knob at the apex, and incrusted with tiny crystals.
Hyphae thin walled, 2-3-5(-4-5)|u, in diam., loosely interwoven, with
clamp connections, and sometimes with scattered minute crystals
adhering to the outer walls. Stumps, rotten branches, logs and old
herbaceous stems. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
678 CORTICIUM
2299. C. trigonospermum Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 3,
figs. 3-5. Tpiywvos, triangular; a-jrep^a, seed.
R. 2—5 cm., chalk white, or becoming slightly tinged with cream colour,
irregularly effused, chalky, pulverulent; margin arachnoid, fugacious.
Hymenium concolorous, granular, or mealy under a lens. Flesh white,
crustaceous, thin, loose, fragile. Spores white, subtriangular, angles
rounded viewed laterally, in profile more or less elliptical, flattened
on the inner side, and swollen towards the base on the outer side,
4-5-6 /u,; basidia 16-25 x 4-6 /n, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 2-3-5 p
long. Basal hyphae thin walled, 2-5-4/A in diam., with clamp con-
nections, and sometimes slightly incrusted with minute crystals. Pine
bark and on the ground. Sept. — Nov. Rare.
7. Hymenium consisting of more or less crowded, granular tufts,
seated on an arachnoid subiculum. Mould-like rather than pellicu-
lose, or submembranaceous. Hyphae yellowish, 6-15/i in diam.,
branching at right angles. Basidia large, in clusters.
*Hyphae without clamp connections.
2300. C. vagum Berk. & Curt. (== Corticium vagum Berk. & Curt. var.
Solani Burt; Hypochnus Solani Prill. & Del.; Corticium Solani
Prill. & Del.; Corticium botryosum Bres.; Rhizoctonia Solani
Kiihn.) Vagum, wandering.
R. 5-15 cm., pale olive buff to cream colour, effused, arachnoid, thin,
perforate membrane more or less separable. Hymenium concolorous,
smooth. Flesh brownish, or hyaline, arachnoid, filamentous, loose.
Spores white, "elliptic oblong, or navicular, flattened on one side,
8-14 x 4-6 /x; basidia not forming a compact hymenium, 10-20 x
7 '5—1 1//., with 4-6-sterigmata, 6— 10/z long, more or less swollen
towards the basidium. Basal hyphae slightly brownish, hyaline
elsewhere, 6-10/z in diam., branches smaller, not incrusted, septate,
without clamp connections" Burt. Bark, wood, herbaceous plants,
and bare soil. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
C. botryosum Bres. = Corticium vagum Berk. & Curt.
2301. C. flavescens (Bon.) Massee. (= Hypochnus fiavescens Bon.)
Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 318.
Flavescens, becoming yellow.
R. 3-10 cm., whitish to dirty buff, irregularly effused, thin, pulveru-
lent, with the habit of C. vagum. Hymenium concolorous, loose. Flesh
hyaline, or yellowish, filamentous, loose. Spores yellowish, somewhat
lemon-shaped, apiculate at either end, flattened on the inner side,
15-17 x 7-9 fji (mostly 15 x 8/z). Basidia oblong, or clavate, 20-30 x
12-13/it, with 2-4 curved sterigmata, 8/u, long. Basal hyphae hyaline,
or yellowish, septate, without clamp connections, branched at right
angles, loosely interwoven. Rotten wood. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
CORTICIUM 679
**Hyphae with stout clamp connections at the septa.
2302. C. subcoronatum von Hoehn. & Litsch.
Sub, somewhat; coronatum, crowned.
R. 3-10 cm., white, then cream colour, ochraceous, or pale greenish,
tinged with brown when bruised, effused, arachnoid, or slightly mem-
branaceous, loosely adnate; margin similar, or minutely reticulated.
Hymenium concolorous, loose. Flesh pale, or yellowish, arachnoid,
filamentous, loose. Spores white, "almond-shaped, or subnavicular,
rarely fusiform, 5-9 x 2-5-4-5/A; basidia 12-18-30 x 5-9 p, with 4-6-
sterigmata, 3-5/z long. Hyphae thin walled, 4-14jn in diam., with
numerous, stout clamp connections " Bourd. & Galz. Rotten wood,
and fallen branches. Sept. — March. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
8. Receptacle waxy, dry. Trama indistinct. Spores clavate, fusiform,
almond-shaped, or boat-shaped. G-enerally growing on dead, her-
baceous plants.
2303. C. aurora Berk. Aurora, the dawn.
R. 3-5 cm., rose colour, becoming pallid, effused, adnate, indeter-
minate, waxy, then subpruinose. Hymenium concolorous, waxy,
smooth. Flesh spongy, very thin. Spores white, "subclavate, at-
tenuated at the base, generally slightly curved, 12-16 x 3-4-5/i, 2-3-
guttulate; basidia 24-36 x 12-16/A, with 4 straight sterigmata, 4/z,
long" Bourd. & Galz. Dead leaves of Carex, and stems of Juncus.
Feb. Rare.
2304. C. Pearsonii Bourd. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vn, text-fig, i.
p. 51. A. A. Pearson, the well-known British mycologist.
R. 2-10 cm., greyish, adnate, hiding in the crevices of rotten wood.
Hymenium concolorous, soon furfuraceous and granular, always beauti-
fully reticulated with white crustaceous lines when dry, consisting of
basidia and equally long sterile hyphae. Flesh very thin, 20-50/u,
thick. Spores hyaline, narrowly clavate, laterally depressed, or sub-
arcuate, 4-5-6 x l-5-2(-2-5)/u,; basidia obovate, 9-15 x 5-6 fju, with
2-4-sterigmata, up to 6/i long and at length curved. Hyphae hyaline,
closely interwoven, rarely distinct, 2-2-5ju, in diam., thin walled,
clamp connections sparse. Cracks of a rotten pine trunk. Sept. — Oct.
Rare.
9. Receptacle waxy, delicate, closely adnate.
2305. C. confluens Fr. (? = Radulum molare Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz.)
Confiuens, running together.
R. 1—8 cm., whitish, effused, indeterminate, agglutinated', margin
white, mealy. Hymenium hyaline, white when dry, smooth. Flesh
whitish, submembranaceous, thin, loose. Spores white, broadly ellip-
tical, or subglobose, 8-10 x 8-9 /z, with a large central gutta, or con-
tents granular or cloudy; "basidia 20-50-80 x 6-12 /A, with 2-4-
680 CORTICIUM
sterigmata, 5-9/u, long. Hyphae thin walled, 2-3-5/x in diam., with
scattered clamp connections; superior hyphae dense, flexuose, co-
herent and collapsing" Bourd. & Galz. Stumps, and fallen branches.
Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2306. C. lividmn (Pers.) Fr. (= Grandinia ocellata Fr. sec. Bres.)
Lividum, black and blue.
R. 2—13 cm., bluish grey, hyaline grey, then tinged reddish, or bluish,
widely effused, agglutinated; margin similar, or white fimbriate and
fugacious. Hymeniurn concolorous, subviscid when moist, pruinose,
smooth, tubercular, or radiately wrinkled. Flesh paler, subgelatinous,
then horny, dense. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 3-5-5 x 2-3/z,, or
"elongate oblong, depressed on one side, 4-5 x 1-5-1-75/z,; basidia
15-25-34 x 3-4-5/-1, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 3fi long. Basal
hyphae thick walled, gelatinous, 3-5/u, in diam., clamp connections
rare; superior hyphae 2-3 /u, in diam., rarely distinct" Bourd. & Galz.
Dead birch, and elm. Oct. — June. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2307. C. seriate Fr. Seriale, in series.
R. 5-10 cm., pale tan, isabelline, or greenish, becoming ochraceous,
tawny, brick red, chocolate, greenish cinereous, or bluish vinous, more
rarely livid brown when dry, longitudinally effused, agglutinated, often
in series, waxy, rarely shining when dry; margin white, narrow,
pubescent. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or papillose, pruinose,
very much cracked when dry. Flesh waxy, rigid, dense. Spores white,
"narrowly oblong, depressed on the side, 4-7 x 2-5-3 /i; basidia 15-
21 x 3-4-5/*, without cystidioles, or 12-27-40 x 3-4-5/n, with 2-4
straight sterigmata, 5-7 /x long, and accompanied with numerous
fusiform, or subulate cystidioles, 3-4-5/u, in diam., and projecting
10-35 /it. Hyphae more or less agglutinated, with walls thin or slightly
thickened, 2-5 /a in diam., with clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz.
Pine wood. Rare.
2308. C. ochraceum (Fr.) Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 170, fig. 1.
0)^/309, pale.
R. 3-10 cm., pale, or cream colour, then ochraceous, broadly effused,
very adnate, waxy; margin white, pruinose, soon similar. Hymenium
concolorous, papillose or tubercular, very much cracked when dry. Flesh
white, waxy, then firm, agglutinated, thick. Spores white, elliptical,
apiculate at the base, 5-6 x 3-4 /u,; "basidia 30-45 x 4-7 p, with 2-4
straight sterigmata, 3-^4/x, long. Hyphae with thin or slightly thick-
ened walls, 3-3-5 fj. in diam., agglutinated, distinct only at the base"
Bourd. & Galz. Conifer trunks, and logs. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
CORTICIUM 681
II. Hymenium homogeneous, regular, consisting of basidia only.
Hyphae occasionally septate, with either normal clamp con-
nections, or with clamp connections two to three times larger than
the normal, and tuberosely swollen at the septa. Growing in humus
and on very decayed wood and rubbish.
2309. C. confine Bourd. & Galz. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 3,
figs. 12-14. Confine, nearly related.
R. 3—10 cm., snow white, becoming yellowish, superficially like Gran-
dinia farinacea, widely effused, arachnoid ; margin white, byssoid,
somewhat radiating, gradually attenuated. Hymenium white, be-
coming cream colour, or ochraceous, granular, like a Grandinia, granules
waxy, crowded when fresh, shrinking away from one another, and
revealing the white subiculum when dry. Flesh white, fibrillose, loose.
Spores white, sub globose, pointed at the base, 3-4 x 2-3 p, usually
1-guttulate; basidia 9-15 x 3-5 /A, with 2-4 straight, or slightly
curved sterigmata, 2-4ju, long. Basal hyphae 2-4/A in diam., with
clamp connections, and often swollen at the septa. Mycelium often
forming fine branching cord-like strands beneath the bark. Rotten
wood, bark, and twigs. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
III. Hymenium heterogeneous, irregular, consisting of basidia origina-
ting at the base of the trama, and surrounded by sterile, undiffer-
entiated, mycelial branches.
2310. C. comedens (Nees) Fr. (= Vuilleminia comedens (Nees) R.
Maire; Radulum botrytes Fr. sec. Quel. ; ? Corticium Carlylei
Massee sec. Wakef. in litt.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 3,
fig. 25. Comedens, eating away.
R. 1-13 cm., flesh colour, or dingy lilac, becoming pale, erumpent,
effused, innate, growing under the bark, inseparable, slightly viscid
when moist. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, even. Flesh paler,
subgelatinous, then rigid, firm. Spores white, sausage-shaped, curved,
15-22 x 6-7 jit, 2-4-guttulate. "Basidia scattered, very long, 9-12/u,in
diam., with 2-4 curved sterigmata, 8-10 x 3^" Bourd. & Galz. Dead
branches, and felled trunks, especially oak. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
IV. Doubtful British species insufficiently described.
2311. C. nigrescens (Schrad.) Fr. (? = Radulum aterrimum Fr. sec.
Quel.; Corticium comedens (Nees) Fr. discoloured sec. Wakef.
in litt.) Nigrescens, becoming black.
R. 2-7-5 cm., yellowish, erumpent, effused, interrupted, agglutinated,
inseparable; margin indeterminate. Hymenium yellowish, becoming
blackish, spuriously papillose, waxy, pruinose. Flesh waxy, very thin.
Spores white, " cyh'ndric-oblong, obtuse at both ends, curved, 18-20 x
5-6 ju," Massee. Dead oak and beech branches, growing beneath the
bark. Rare.
682 CORTICIUM
2312. C. populinum (Sommerf.) Fr.
Populinum, pertaining to poplars.
R. 1-3 cm., cinereous ferruginous, effused, tubercular, soon confluent,
at length involute, marginate, white tomentose beneath. Hymenium
ferruginous, uneven. Flesh soft, thin. Spores "white, subglobose,
7-8 /JL" Massee. Poplars. Rare.
2313. C. foetidum B. & Br. Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour, xxvn,
t. 6, fig. 3. Foetidum, stinking.
R. 6—30 mm., white, then ochraceous, effused, crustaceous, arachnoid
beneath. Hymenium concolorous, smooth. Flesh crustaceous, thin.
Spores white, "elliptical, 7 x 4/x," Massee. Smell very foetid when
fresh. Sawdust. Rare.
2314. C. flaveolum Massee. Flaveolum, yellowish.
R. 5-7-5 cm., clear pale primrose yellow, effused, loosely attached
to the matrix; margin determinate. Hymenium concolorous, smooth.
Flesh membranaceous, thin. Spores white, cylindric-eUipsoid, obtuse
at both ends, 7 x 5/n. Trunk of tree fern in a conservatory. Rare.
2315. C. anthochroum (Pers.) Fr. (= Hypochnus anthochrous (Pers.)
Quel.) avdos, a flower; %/3o>9, colour.
R. 3—15 cm., bright rose colour, or brick red, becoming pale, broadly
effused; margin white, byssoid, pruinose. Hymenium concolorous,
waxy, sometimes cracked when dry, usually sterile and minutely
velvety. Flesh membranaceous, very thin. Spores white, "elliptical,
11-13 x 8-9 p" Massee, "ovoid, globose, 5/u, with a large central
gutta" Quel. Sycamore and birch sticks. Feb. Rare.
2316. C. molle Fr. Molk, soft.
R. 2-9 cm., pale, or flesh colour, more or less spotted with red, effused,
subrotund, easily separable, villose underneath; margin naked. Hy-
menium concolorous, waxy, papillose, cracked when dry. Flesh mem-
branaceous, floccose, loose, soft, thick. Spores white, "cylindric
ellipsoid, obtuse at both ends, 7 x 5/u," Massee. Pine trunks and bark.
Rare.
2317. C. strigosum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. var. filamentosum W. G. Sm.
(= Peniophora byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. sec:
Wakef. in litt.) Strigosum, lean.
R. web-like, filamentous, string-like, dull yellowish, externally pul-
verulent. Amaryllis.
C. echinosporum Ellis = Hypochnus echinosporus (Ellis) Burt.
C. sulphureum (Pers.) Bres. = Hypochnus t'umosus Fr.
C. amorphum (Pers.) Fr. = Aleurodiscus amorphus (Pers.) Rabenh.
C. evolvens Fr. = Corticium laeve (Pers.) Quel.
C. Typhae (Pers.) Fr. = Epithele Typhae (Pers.) Pat.
CORTICIUM 683
C.fastidiosum (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. = Cristella cristata (Pers.) Pat.
C. salicinum Fr. = Cytidia rutilans (Pers.) Quel.
C. citrinum (Pers.) Fr. = Corticium (Gloeocystidium) radiosum (Fr.)
Rea.
C. lacunosum B. & Br. = Peniophora byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. &
Litsch.
C. flocculentum Fr. = Cytidia flocculenta (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch.
C. scutellare Berk. & Curt. "The British specimen so named by Berk.
is different from the type " Wakef . in litt.
C. roseolum Massee = Corticium roseum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Wakef. in litt.
C. punctulatum Cke. = Corticium (Gloeocystidium) albostramineum
(Bres.) Bourd. & Galz.
C. subalutaceum Karst. = Peniophora subalutacea (Karst.) von Hoehn.
& Litsch.
C. (Coniophora) byssoideum (Pers.) Fr. = Peniophora byssoidea (Pers.)
von Hoehn. & Litsch.
C. sanguineum Fr. = Peniophora sanguinea (Fr.) Bres.
C. velutinum (DC.) Fr. = Peniophora velutina (DC.) Cke.
C. puberum Fr. = Peniophora pubera (Fr.) Sacc.
C. Roumeguerii Bres. = Peniophora Molleriana (Bres.) Sacc.
C. giganteum Fr. = Peniophora gigantea (Fr.) Massee.
C. incarnatum (Pers.) Fr. = Peniophora incarnata (Pers.) Cke.
C. nudum Fr. = Peniophora nuda (Fr.) Bres.
C. maculaeforme Fr. = Peniophora nuda (Fr.) Bres. var. maculae-
fonnis (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch.
C. wolaceo-lividum (Sommerf.) Fr. = Peniophora violaceo-livida
(Sommerf.) Bres. ex Bourd. & Galz.
C. Lycii (Pers.) Cke. = Peniophora caesia (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz.
C. cinereum Fr. = Peniophora cinerea (Fr.) Cke.
C. laevigatum Fr. = Peniophora laevigata (Fr.) Massee.
C. quercinum (Pers.) Fr. = Peniophora quercina (Pers.) Cke.
C. limitatum Fr. = Peniophora limitata (Fr.) Cke.
C. subdealbatum B. & Br. = Coniophora subdealbata (B. & Br.)
Massee.
C. Carlylei Massee = ? C. comedens (Nees) Fr. sec. Wakef. in litt.
C. sphaerosporum (R. Maire) von Hoehn. & Litsch. = Hypochnus
sphaerosporus R. Maire.
C. submutabile von Hoehn. & Litsch. = Hypochnus submutabilis (von
Hoehn. & Litsch.) Rea.
Subgen. Gloeocystidium Karst.
(7X0*09, sticky; KVO-TK, bladder.)
Differs from Corticium in possessing gloeocystidia, generally im-
mersed in the tissue, which resemble cystidia, but their walls are
never thickened, nor incrusted with crystalline deposits.
684 CORTICITTM
*Spores turning blue with iodine.
2318. C. (Gloeo.) porosum Berk. & Curt. (= Gloeocystidium stra-
mineum Bres.) Tropo?, a pore.
R. 1-8 cm., white, then cream colour, or straw colour, effused, adnate ;
margin white, narrow, pruinose, or reticulately porous. Hymenium
concolorous, smooth. Flesh concolorous, subgelatinous, firm, dense.
Spores white, elliptical, 4r-7 x 2-4/u,, generally 2-guttulate, the mem-
brane turning deep violet blue with iodine ; basidia 12-18-28 x 3— 6/u,,
with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4//, long. Gloeocystidia abundant, tapering
to an obtuse, narrow apex, 15-150 x 6— 14ju,, sometimes bifurcate,
contents granular, yellowish, then resinous. Hyphae coherent, T5-
3fj, in diam. Fallen branches, and decorticated wood. Jan. — Dec.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
**Spores not turning blue with iodine.
2319. C. (Gloeo.) polygonium (Pers.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv,
t. 3, figs. 21-22. TToXvycoviov, with many angles.
R. 3-80 mm.., flesh colour, or lilac, erumpent in small cushions, then
confluent, and effused, very adnate, pruinose; margin white, or flesh
colour, narrow, pruinose. Hymenium concolorous, often reddish when
dried, pruinose, soft. Flesh pale, subgrumous, waxy, then hard, and
firm. Spores white, cylindrical, slightly curved, with a lateral
apiculus, 8-13 x 3-4 /LI; basidia 45-55 x 6-8 fi. Gloeocystidia in-
cluded, forming balloon-like, pear-shaped, or subglobose vesicular
swellings, 20-30 ju. in diam. Basal hyphae hyaline, rather thick walled,
3-6ju, in diam., with clamp connections. Dead branches, especially
poplar. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2320. C. (Gloeo.) roseo-cremeum Bres.
Roseus, rose colour; cremeum, cream colour.
R. 3-5 cm., pallid pink, or dull reddish when bruised, effused, waxy;
margin white, pruinose, or pubescent. Hymenium concolorous, smooth,
or minutely porous, minutely atomate under a lens. Flesh pale, waxy
membranaceous, soft. Spores white, cylindrical, straight, the inner
side flattened, 8-11 x 3-4/x; basidia 22-45 x 4-7 /i, with 2-4-sterig-
mata, 4-7 //, long. Paraphyses long, slender, blunt at the apex, 2-3 /A
in diam. Gloeocystidia, when present, completely immersed in the
tissue, cylindrical, wavy, 30-90 x 5-9/i, contents pale yellowish.
Basal hyphae thin walled, 2-5-7 /x in diam., with occasional clamp
connections. Rotten wood. Oct. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2321. C. (Gloeo.) praetermissum (Karst.) Bres. (= Peniophora praeter-
missa Karst. ; Corticium tenue Pat.) Praetermissum, passed over.
R. 1-6 cm., pure white, then yellowish, or greenish, widely effused,
adnate, smooth; margin very thin, indeterminate, somewhat porous
CORTICIUM 685
under a lens. Hymenium concolorous, becoming cream colour with age,
or when dried. Flesh pale, waxy, soft, loose. Spores white, elliptical
to cylindric ellipsoid, slightly curved, or flattened on the one side,
7-12 x 3-5-6-5/Li; basidia 18-38 x 6-11/t, with 2-4 rather straight
sterigmata, 4-5 x 1/i. Gloeocystidia cylindrical, subfusiform, or ven-
tricose, 21-150 x 4-5-21/u, contents hyaline, or pale yellowish. Basal
hyphae loosely interwoven, much branched, 2-5-7 /A in diam., with
clamp connections. Bark, and fallen branches. Jan. — Dec. Common.
(v.v.)
2322. C. (Gloeo.) lactescens Berk. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. rv, t. 3,
figs. 6-8. Lactescens, turning to milk.
R. 1-20 cm., whitish, or flesh colour, widely effused, agglutinated,
adnate ; margin white, narrow, byssoid, pubescent. Hymenium white,
then cream, tan, flesh colour, or greenish, and finally brownish pink,
smooth, pruinose, cracked when dry. Flesh pale, waxy, fibrillose,
rather thick, giving out a watery, milk white juice when wounded.
Spores white, broadly elliptical, obtuse at both ends, with a lateral
apiculus, 5-9 x 4-6 /A, contents densely granular; basidia 20-40 x
5-8/z. Gloeocystidia cylindrical, sometimes swollen at the base, 80-
600 x 4-9 fM, contents oily, and granular. Basal hyphae coherent,
1/u- in diam., other hyphae 1-3 /A in diam. Smell like that of Lactarius
quietus. Dead oak, ash, and willow trunks, and branches. Sept. —
Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2323. C. (Gloeo.) radiosum (Fr.) Rea. (= Gloeocystidium alutaceum
(Schrad.) Bourd. & Galz.; Corticium citrinum (Pers.) Fr. sec.
Bres.) Radiosum, radiant.
R. 3-10 cm., milk white, becoming yellowish, widely effused, closely
adnate, waxy; margin white, broad, fibrillose, silky, radiating. Hy-
menium milk white, or bright yellow when fresh, becoming cream, tan,
or dingy ochraceous, very smooth. Flesh white, waxy, fibrillose, thin.
Spores white, "subglobose, shortly apiculate at the base, 4-7 x 4-6 /x,
sometimes rough; basidia 35-60 x 5-9 /*, with 2-4 straight sterigmata,
4-6^, long. Gloeocystidia very thin- walled and hyaline, oboval,
fusiform, or prolonged into a neck, often constricted in the middle,
60-150 x 8-27 /A, contents hyaline, not granular. Hyphae thin walled,
2-3 jit in diam., soon collapsing" Bourd. & Galz. Rotten wood.
Oct. — Feb. Uncommon.
2324. C. (Gloeo.) albostramineum (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hy-
pochnus albostramineus Bres. ; Corticium punctulatum Cke. sec.
Wakef. in litt.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. rv, t. 3, figs. 9-11.
Albus, white; stramineum, straw colour.
R. 3-6 cm., whitish, then deep cream or pale straw colour, widely
effused, separable; margin similar, indeterminate, subreticulate, or
686 COBTICIUM. CRISTELLA
fibrillose, thin. Hymenium concolorous, rather loose, pulverulent
under a lens. Flesh whitish, floccose, loose, rather thick. Spores white,
broadly elliptical, or subglobose, 7-9 x 6-8/u,, contents granular,
thick walled ("finely granular, or rough, becoming smooth" Bourd.
& Galz.); basidia 25-35-60 x 5-9 /x, with 2-4 slightly curved sterig-
mata, 6-12/x long. Gloeocystidia erect, cylindrical, elongate, 45-
120 x 6-9 p, thin walled, contents staining rather deeply. Basal
hyphae interwoven, 5-6//, in diam., much branched, with numerous
clamp connections. Bark, fallen branches, especially pine. Sept. —
April. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2325. C. (Gloeo.) coroniferum von Hoehn. & Litsch. Trans. Brit.
Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 140. Corona, a crown ',fero, I bear.
R. 3-5 cm., pure white, then cream, effused, easily separable as a
delicate pellicle; margin indeterminate, gradually thinning out to a
cobweb-like film. Hymenium concolorous, pulverulent. Flesh very
thin, fragile. Spores white, narrowly elliptical, with an oblique basal
apiculus, 4-5-6-8 x 2-3-5 /z; basidia cylindric-clavate, wavy, 3-5-4/u,
in diam., when mature elongated and projecting from the hymenium,
apex truncate, sterigmata 4-8, in British specimens usually 4, rather
long. Gloeocystidia rare, sometimes wanting, cylindrical, obtuse,
very thin walled, 45-50 x 5-6/z, contents more or less yellowish.
Basal hyphae frequently septate, with clamp connections, 4-5 /u. in
diam. Bark, and rotten wood, often spreading on to the surrounding
soil. Sept. — Jan. Uncommon.
Gloeocystidium croceo-tingens Wakef. sec. Bres. in Ann. Mycol. xviu
(1920), 48 = Sebacina (Bourdotia) Eyrei Wakef.
Cristella Pat. (-Thelephora (Ehrh.) Fr. p.p.)
(Cristella, a little crest.)
Receptacle waxy, firm, effused, incrusting. Hymenium smooth, or
tubercular. Spores white, ovoid, or oboval, echinulate; basidia cla-
vate, with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Growing on the ground,
on wood, mosses, or dead herbaceous stems.
2326. C. cristata (Pers.) Pat. (= Thelephora fastidiosa (Pers.) Fr. ;
Corticium fastidiosum (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz.) Pat. Essai tax.
des Hymen, fig. 28. Cristata, crested.
R. 5-30 cm., white, chalky in appearance, then becoming yellowish,
widely effused, incrusting, shapeless, or forming irregular, flattened,
confluent, lobed, or subulate branches, fringed, or laciniate at the apex.
Hymenium concolorous, papillose, granular, or reticulately veined.
Flesh white, fibrillosely floccose, thin. Spores white, echinulate, ovoid,
or obovate, 5-9 x 3-5 /it; basidia clavate, 20-25 x 5-6 /M, with 2-4
slightly bent sterigmata, 4-6 /A long. Hyphae very thin walled, 1-5-
PENIOPHORA 687
4-5/A in diam., sparingly septate, with clamp connections, and some-
times swollen up to 6-12/x, in diam., often incrusted with crystals.
Smell unpleasant, or slight, of garlic when quite fresh. On the ground,
and running over sticks, dead leaves, twigs and herbaceous stems.
Jan. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Peniophora Cke.
(Trrjviov, a shuttle; <^epa), I bear.)
Eeceptacle waxy, coriaceous, cartilaginous, membranaceous, sub-
membranaceous, floccose, or filamentous; resupinate, effused. Hy-
menium waxy, floccose, or pulverulent; smooth, rarely tubercular.
Spores white, rarely pink, or yellowish, elliptical, subelliptical, glo-
bose, subglobose, oboval, clavate, subcylindrical, fusiform, oblong,
needle-shaped, or sausage-shaped; smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterig-
mata, sometimes accompanied by cystidioles. Cystidia hyaline,
rarely coloured, fusiform, oboval, elliptical, subglobose, subulate,
conical, acicular, filiform, cylindrical, clavate or capitate, sometimes
septate, and with clamp connections, smooth, or incrusted with
crystalline granules, generally thick walled, sometimes thin walled
and then projecting, not immersed in the tissue. Growing on wood,
more rarely on leaves, or on the ground.
1. Cystidia cylindrical, or conical, thick walled, not incrusted ex-
ternally with crystalline deposits, often divided at the base into
several roots. In Peniophora Aegerita and its allies the walls of the
cystidia are more or less rugose, the central canal is narrow and
not enlarged at the apex, and the trama is poor or indistinct. In
Peniophora glebulosa and its allies the cystidia are very thick
walled, vitreous, with a capillary canal always more or less abruptly
dilated at the apex and with thinner walls.
2327. P. Aegerita von Hoehn. & Litsch. Beit, zur Kennt. der Cort.
in Sitzungsber. der k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl.
Bd. cxvi (1907), 813, and reprint 75, text-fig. 7.
Aegerita, a genus of fungi, with which this species is always
associated.
R. 1-5 cm., white to alutaceous, effused, adnate. Hymenium con-
color ous, finely bristling with the cystidia under a lens, and porous. Flesh
white, submembranaceous, very thin. Spores white, broadly ellip-
tical, or subglobose, 6-9 x 5-6 ju,, 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, 24-
30 x 7-8 //,, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 4-6 /A long. Cystidia arising
from the basal hyphae, cylindrical, or slightly swollen below, apex
blunt, 42-100 x 6-12//,, thick walled, rugose throughout their length.
Hyphae thin walled, 3-4-5ju, in diam., soon collapsing. Rotten sticks,
and fallen branches, generally in association with Aegerita Candida
Pers. Sept. — April. Uncommon, (v.v.)
688 PENIOPHORA
2328. P. glebulosa (Fr.) Bres. (= Thelephora calcea Fr. var. gkbulosa
Fr.) Bres. Fung. Trid. n, 1. 170, fig. 2.
Gkbulosa, full of little clods.
R. 2-5 cm., cream colour, dirty white, or greyish, effused, closely
adnate ; margin mealy, or similar. Hymenium concolorous, pubescent
with the cystidia, cracked into small irregular areas when dry. Flesh
pale, membranaceous, floccose, rather thick, dense. Spores white,
narrowly cylindrical, curved, 7-9-5 x 1-5-2 /LI; basidia 5-15 x 3-4 /A,
with 4-sterigmata, about 4/A long. Cystidia cylindrical to conical,
70-160 x 6-1 2 /a, obtuse, or pointed, sometimes subventricose at the
base, often forked below, some sunken, and some projecting 90 p,
above the hymenium, springing from the basal hyphae, thick walled,
smooth, or slightly incrusted in the upper portion. Hyphae thin
walled, 1— 3/x in diam., very closely interwoven and scarcely distinct.
Wood, and bark. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. subulata Bourd. & Galz. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs.
p. 72. Subulata, awl-shaped.
Differs from the type in the hymenium not cracking into small
irregular areas when dry, and in the more acute, or subulate cystidia.
On wood. Nov. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2329. P. accedens Bourd. & Galz. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-
figs, p. 140. Accedens, approaching.
R. 1—2 cm., whitish, or greyish, irregularly effused, spot-like, filmy.
Hymenium concolorous, becoming cracked when dry, setulose, glisten-
ing with the cystidia under a lens. Flesh very thin, scarcely per-
ceptible. Spores white, elliptical, with a lateral apiculus, 4-5 x 3-
3-5/>i, often 1-guttulate; basidia 9-15 x 4-4-5/Li, with 2— 4-sterigmata,
3-3-5/x, long. Cystidia filiform, or linear, 50-60 x 4/u,, dilated at the
apex into a globose head, 10-11 {j, in diam., thick walled. Hyphae in-
distinct, 1-5-2/Lt in diam. Rotten wood. Nov. — Dec. Rare, (v.v.)
2330. P. subalutacea (Karst.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (= Corticium
subalutaceum Karst.) Sub, somewhat ; alutacea, tanned leather.
R. 2-5 cm., dirty white, or greyish, with a slight ochraceous tinge,
widely effused, adnate; margin very narrow, pruinose, or similar.
Hymenium concolorous, loose, rather rough under a lens, with slight,
irregularly scattered thickenings of the tissue (hardly granules).
Spores white, narrowly cylindrical, slightly curved, 5-9 x 1-5-2-5/n;
basidia 10-24 x 3-5/i, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 4-5/x- long. Cys-
tidia cylindrical, slightly attenuated at the base, 95-150 x 5-7 p, pro-
jecting 60 IJL or more above the hymenium, smooth, thin walled and
thinner at the rounded apex, often 1-2-septate. Basal hyphae much
branched, wavy, rather rigid, thick walled, 2-3/n in diam., with clamp
connections. Wood, and fallen branches of conifers. Sept. — Oct. Un-
PENIOPHOBA 689
2. Trama always distinct. Cystidia long, arising from the basal
hyphae and more or less similar, narrowly clavate, fusiform, or
swollen into a ball at the apex or at the septa, often septate with,
or without, clamp connections. The membranes are readily stained
by a weak alkaline solution of eosin. Spores subglobose, oboval,
or fusiform.
2331. P. pallidula Bres. ex Bourd. & Galz. (= Gonatobotrys pallidula
Bres.) Beit, zur Kennt. der Cort. in Sitzungsber. der k. Akad.
d. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl. Bd. cxvi (1907), 827, and
reprint 89, text-fig. 12, as Gloeocystidium oleosum von Hoehn.
& Litsch. Pallidula, palish.
R. 1-6 cm., pallid, yellowish cream colour, or clay, regularly effused,
or interrupted, Hypochnus-like ; margin similar, rarely pruinose. Hy-
menium concolorous, pubescent, often granular, unequal. Flesh pale,
filamentous, very thin. Spores white, oval, or subglobose, apiculate
at the base, 4-6 x 3-4 /z, often with a large central gutta; basidia
12-21 x 4jM, with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4/z, long. Cystidia cylindrical,
40-120 x 4-6ju, 1-4-septate, often constricted at the septa, or
swollen, often incrusted. Hyphae thin walled, 2-4ju, in diam., with
scattered clamp connections. Rotten wood, dead branches, and
fallen leaves. Oct. — March. Common, (v.v.)
2332. P. detritica Bourd. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 319.
Detritica, worn down.
R. 1-2 cm., pure white, effused, with scattered granules suggesting
a Grandinia. Hymenium concolorous, not continuous, appearing
farinaceous under a lens. Flesh very thin, floccose, membranaceous.
Spores white, broadly elliptical, or obovate, 5-6 x 4jn, 1-guttulate;
basidia 12-15-24 x 4-4-5/i, with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4^, long. Cystidia
cylindrical, or narrowly club-shaped, apex obtuse, 70-90 x 5-6 /z,
smooth, thin walled. Hyphae 2-4/x in diam., thin walled, septate,
with clamp connections. Rotten wood. Feb. Rare.
2333. P. sphaerospora von Hoehn. & Litsch. Beit, zur Kennt. der
Cort. in Sitzungsber. der k. Akad. d. Wissensch, Wien, Math.-
Nat. Kl. Bd. cxv (1906), 1600, and reprint 52, text-fig. 5.
(r<f>alpa, a ball; cnropd, seed.
R. 1-5 cm., chalk white, broadly effused, firmly attached to the sub-
stratum, -15--30 mm. thick. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or
papillate, waxy when fresh, not cracked when dry; margin indeter-
minate. Flesh concolorous, membranaceous, thin. Spores hyaline,
globose, apiculate, 4-7 p,, smooth, 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, 25-
35 x 6-8 /A, with 4 long, subulate sterigmata. Cystidia abundant,
cylindrical, apex usually narrowed, 35-85 x 5-8/z, thin walled, pro-
jecting 10-40^1 above the hymenium. Hyphae 4-5 ft in diam., smooth,
K. B. B. 44
690 PENIOPHORA
thin walled, subnodulose, often anastomosing, with frequent clamp con-
nections. Naked ground and fallen stick, probably alder. Nov. Rare.
2334. P. byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (= Corticium (Conio-
phora) byssoideum (Pers.) Fr.; Coniophorella byssoidea (Pers.)
Bres.; Corticium lacunosum B. & Br. ; Peniophora tomentella
Bres.) ySuo-cro?, fine flax; et8o?, like.
R. 1-6 cm., ochrey white, drying cream colour, to ''Naples yellow,"
widely effused, dry, arachnoid, separable; margin whitish, byssoid.
Hymenium concolorous, even, tomentose, or pulverulent. Flesh
yellowish, floccose, loose. Spores yellowish, sometimes nearly hyaline
under the microscope, broadly elliptical, or pip-shaped, 4-4-5 x 2-5-
3-5/u,; basidia 12-25 x 4-5-5 /n, with 2-4-sterigmata, 2-5-3 /u, long.
Cystidia yellowish, cylindrical, or narrowly fusiform, tapering, sharp
pointed, 60-90 x 3-6 fj,, projecting 20-75/u. above the hymenium, thin
walled, or slightly thickened, 1-4-septate, generally with clamp con-
nections. Hyphae yellowish, thin walled, 2-5-4 /x, in diam., very loosely
interwoven, with clamp connections. Rotten wood, fallen twigs, and
leaves, especially in conifer woods. Sept. — April. Notuncommon. (v.v.)
2335. P. longispora (Pat.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (== Hypochnus longi-
sporus Pat.) Longus, long; o-Tropa, seed.
R. 2-5 cm., whitish yellow, widely effused, thin, pubescent, then
consisting of a membrane incompletely felted, scarcely adnate. Spores
white, "fusiform, or acicular, straight, or slightly flexuose, 12-18 x
1-3 fj,, multi-guttulate ; basidia 12—24 x 4-5 /x. Cystidia needle-shaped,
sometimes bulbous at the base, 60-75 x 2-5-6/x, fairly thick walled,
rough with crystals, projecting 30-45)u,. Hyphae rigid, 2-5-4^, in
diam., walls slightly thickened, often verrucose, with clamp con-
nections" Bourd. & Galz. Rotten, moist wood in cool places. Spring
—Winter. Rare.
3. Receptacle pelliculose, or membranaceous ; subiculum soft, more
or less thick, fibrillose, and forming long, branched, rhizomorphoid
strands.
2336. P. sanguinea (Fr.) Bres. (= Corticium sanguineum Fr.) Fr.
Icon. t. 198, fig. 2, as Corticium sanguineum Fr. and Trans.
Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 3, figs. 18-20. Sanguinea, blood coloured.
R. 2-30 cm., blood red, effused, loosely adnate, arachnoid beneath ;
margin blood red, byssoid, or fibrillose, running out, and connected
with the spreading strands of the blood red, rhizomorphoid mycelium.
Hymenium creamy white, or tinged with pink, rarely red, smooth, be-
coming slightly cracked when dry. Flesh concolorous, membrana-
ceous, floccose, loose, containing a red juice. Spores white, sub-
elliptical, often with a curved apiculus, 5-6 x 2-4 /u; basidia 16-40 x
4-7 /LI. Cystidia sparse, cylindrical-fusiform, pointed, 40-60 x 4-7 p,
PENIOPHORA 691
thin walled, smooth, rarely slightly incrusted. Basal hyphae with
slightly thickened walls, 3-9 /i in diam., with rather few clamp con-
nections ; subhymenial hyphae 3-4 /j. in diam. Dead wood, and fallen
branches, especially of conifers. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2337. P. leprosa Bourd. & Galz. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs,
p. 318. Leprosa, rough.
R. 1-3 cm., white, then ochraceous, irregularly effused, crustaceous;
margin white, indeterminate, occasionally prolonged into white rhizo-
morphic strands. Hymenium pinkish ochraceous, somewhat cracked
when dry, rough with cystidia under a lens. Flesh somewhat thick,
fragile. Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 2-5-3 /A. Basidia inconspicuous,
about 4/i in diam. Cystidia very rough, cylindrical to subfusiform,
frequently occurring in clusters, so as to give an Odontia-like appear-
ance, occasionally branched near the apex, 60-90 x 8-14/7,. Basal
hyphae 3-4(-7)/u,, often strongly incrusted with crystals, clamp con-
nections rare. Dead bark. April. Rare.
4. Receptacle membranaceous, fairly thick, easily separable when
fresh. Cystidia often little differentiated from the cystidioles
(sterile basidia) of Corticium, or scattered and unequally distributed.
2338. P. cremea Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. n, t. 73, fig. 2, as Corticium
(Peniophora) cremeum Bres. Cremea, cream colour.
R. 2-6 cm., white, cream to ochraceous, broadly effused, separable;
margin white, arachnoid, then similar. Hymenium concolorous, smooth,
or here and there slightly tubercular, velvety, widely cracked when
dry. Flesh white, membranaceous, soft, thin. Spores white, oblong,
or cylindric ellipsoid, slightly curved, 4-8 x 2-4 jn; basidia 20-50 or
more x 7/u, with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4 p long. Cystidia cylindrical, or
slightly elongated fusiform, tapering very gradually from the base to
the blunt apex, 70-120 x 5-9 fj,, very thin walled, smooth, or slightly
incrusted at the apex with easily detached crystals, usually projecting
up to 60 jj, ; sometimes thicker walled, embedded cystidia are present,
shorter than the projecting ones, fusiform, much incrusted, 40-60 x
9-10/i. Subhymenial hyphae loosely interwoven, much branched,
rather rigid, thick walled, constricted at the septa so as to appear
somewhat jointed, with no clamp connections, 5-6 fi in diam. Bark,
and fallen branches. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. Alleseheri (Bres.) Wakef. Bres. Fung. Trid. n, t. 72, as Corticium
(Peniophora) Alleseheri Bres. A. Allescher.
Differs from the type in its thicker subiculum, more sharply differen-
tiated from the hymenium, and containing numerous, short, rough, thick
walled cystidia. Bark. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
44—2
692 PENIOPHORA
2339. P. laevis (Fr.) Burt. Laevis, smooth.
E. 1-3 cm., white, then cream coloured, broadly effused, not closely
adnate; margin radiately fibrillose. Hymenium concolorous, more or
less cracked when dry. Flesh concolorous, membranaceous, thin.
Spores hyaline, elliptical • oblong, 4-5-6 x 2-5-3-5^,, 1-guttulate;
basidia very variable, 20-36 x 3-6/u, (most frequently 35 x 4-5/u),
with 2-4-sterigmata, 4-6 />(, long. Cystidia fusoid, 40-90 x 4-7 /z, with-
out incrustation, x 6-llja with incrustation, walls thin or slightly
thickened. Hyphae regular with few, or no, clamp connections, thin
walled; subhymenial hyphae 3-4 /A in diam.; basal hyphae up to
7-8/x, in diam. Birch bark. Nov. Eare.
2340. P. velutina (DC.) Cke. (= Corticium velutinum (DC.) Fr. ;
Peniophora scotica Massee.) Grevillea, vm, t. 125, no. 15.
Velutina, velvety.
E. 3-15 cm., white, or whitish, broadly effused, adnate ; margin
white, or flesh colour, running out into long, branching strands. Hy-
menium concolorous, becoming flesh colour, or reddish when dried,
minutely velvety. Flesh concolorous, soft, loose, fairly thick. Spores
white, oblong, elliptical, apiculate at the base, 4-8 x 2-5-5 /A; basidia
"20-32-50 x 4-7 ju. Cystidia fusiform, 30-140 x 6-9 p, generally
thick walled, smooth, or incrusted with oxalate crystals (18/z in
diam.), immersed in the tissue, or projecting. Basal hyphae more or
less thick walled, 4-lOju, in diam., with few clamp connections; sub-
hymenial hyphae thin walled, 3-4 //, in diam., soon collapsing" Bourd.
& Galz. Wood, and fallen branches. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2341. P. setigera (Fr.) Bres. (= Kneiffia setigera Fr.) Pat. Essai tax.
des Hymen, fig. 45, as Corticium setigerum (Fr.) Karst.
Setigera, having bristles.
E. 2-10 cm., white, yellowish when dry, broadly effused, or indeter-
minate, closely adnate, incrusting. Hymenium concolorous, papillose,
beset with scattered, or fasciculate hyaline bristles, often very much
cracked. Flesh concolorous, floccose, loose, thin. Spores white, "sub-
cylindrical, slightly curved, 8-11-16 x 3-4-6 /i, contents granular, or
1-multi-guttulate; basidia 21-45 x 4-8 /i, with 7-8-sterigmata. Cys-
tidia cylindrical, 75-250 x 7-15/x,, septate, with, or without, clamp
connections, often incrusted with crystalline granules, immersed, or
projecting. Basal hyphae distinct, thin walled, 2-4-8 /x, in diam., with
clamp connections, medial and subhymenial hyphae soon collapsing,
2-3/t in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, and fallen branches.
Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
5. Eeceptacle waxy, very adnate, pubescent, hispid, or guttulate
under a lens. Cystidia abundant, strongly incrusted with crystalline
granules.
PENIOPHORA 693
2342. P.pubera(Fr.)Sacc. (=Corticiumpuberum~FT.) Bres. Fung. Trid.
n, 1. 145, fig. 1, as Corticium puberum Fr. Pubera, grown up.
R. 2-8 cm., white, becoming dirty yellowish, broadly effused, closely
adnate, indeterminate ; margin mealy, soon similar. Hymenium con-
color ous, smooth., at first velvety, then setulose, finally widely cracked.
Flesh concolorous, waxy, thin. Spores white, subcylindrical, depressed
on one side, 7-9 x 4-5 p; basidia "18-25-60 x 4-6 /A. Cystidia fusi-
form or elongate conical, pointed, 30-90-150 x 6-12-35/j, thick
walled, with separable incrustations. Basal hyphae sparse, thick
walled, 4-6 /A in diam. ; medial and upper hyphae vertical, thin walled,
2-4 //, in diam., little distinct, with rare clamp connections" Bourd. &
Galz. Dead wood. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2343. P. Molleriana (Bres.) Sacc. (= Corticium Roumeguerii Bres.)
Bres. Fung. Trid. n, 1. 144, fig. 1, as Corticium Roumeguerii Bres.
A. F. Holler.
R. 1-6 cm., cream to bright biscuit colour, broadly effused, closely
adnate; margin white, abrupt, or narrow, and pruinose. Hymenium
concolorous, smooth, dry, opaque, almost farinaceous, cracked when
dry. Flesh whitish, waxy, soft, then rigid, porcelain-like, brittle.
Spores white, elliptical, 3-5-5 x 2-2-5 JM; basidia clavate, 12-20-30 x
4— 5/x, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 2-4 x -5ju.. Cystidia very abun-
dant, mostly immersed in the tissue, fusiform, or conical, apex acute,
60-70 x 10/i, thick walled, much incrusted in the upper portion.
Hyphae closely agglutinated, scarcely distinct, 2-2-5/A in diam. Fallen
logs. May. Rare, (v.v.)
2344. P. hydnoides Cke. & Massee. (= Peniophora crystallina von
Hoehn. & Litsch. ; Odontia conspersa Bres. ; Peniophora rimosa
Cke. and Peniophora terrestris Massee sec. Wakef. in litt.)
Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour, xxv, t. 47, figs. 15-16.
vSvov, the genus Hydnum', elSos, like.
R. 5-13 cm., whitish, or greyish, broadly effused, subinnate, inde-
terminate, closely adnate, waxy, hyaline. Hymenium grey, often be-
coming somewhat cream coloured, setulose, and finally cracked. Flesh
thin, filamentous. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or subcylindrical,
more or less depressed on one side, 4-5 x 1-5-2/Lt. Basidia clavate,
8-14 x 3-4jLt, with 4 straight sterigmata, 4-5 /x long. Cystidia hyaline,
subconical, or fusiform, aggregated in clusters, 60-120 x 10-12^t, thick
walled, strongly incrusted. Basal hyphae indistinct. Bark, and fallen
branches. Sept. — June. Common, (v.v.)
2345. P. gigantea (Fr.) Massee. (= Corticium giganteum Fr.; Penio-
phora Crosslandii Massee sec. Wakef. in litt.) Fr. Icon. t. 197,
fig. 3, as Corticium giganteum Fr. <yiya$, a giant.
R. 3-30 cm., hyaline white, very broadly effused, swelling when
moist, cartilaginous when dry; margin white, fibrillose, radiating,
694 PENIOPHOKA
finally becoming free. Hymenium concolorous, often tinged broivnish
or lilac when old, smooth, minutely velvety. Flesh whitish, waxy, then
horny and parchment-like, thick, tough. Spores white, oblong, sub-
cylindrical, attenuated at the base, 5-8 x 2-5-4 /LI, "basidia 12-18-
30 x 4-5/it. Cystidia fusiform, subulate, often contracted, 40-100 x
9-16/z,, very thick walled, apex often incrusted. Hyphae very thick
walled, 4-7 //, in diam., with few clamp connections, subhymenial
hyphae thin walled, 2-5-3^ in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Stumps, fallen
branches, and needles of pines, rarely of other conifers. Jan. — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
6. Receptacle at first waxy, becoming hard and rigid, closely adnate,
sometimes contracting when dry and becoming free at the margin,
or splitting and becoming inrolled along the cracks; varying in
colour from orange or brick red, to cinereous grey or brownish
bistre, passing through rose colour, purple, violaceous livid, etc.
The cystidia often commence as gloeocystidia with granular con-
tents which concentrate in vitreous or amber coloured masses,
more or less rugose and split up, along the inside of the walls and
incrust either the whole of the cystidium, or else only the upper
portion, — in the latter case the cystidium appears as if stipitate :
the membrane of the cystidium is often torn and reabsorbed : other
cystidia oboval in the basal hyphae, narrowly fusiform in the trama,
have thick, smooth walls from the commencement.
2346. P. aurantiaca (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 144,
fig. 2, as Corticium aurantiacum Bres. Aurantiaca, golden.
R. 1-4 cm., orange, or vermilion, becoming paler or somewhat tan
colour, effused, forming small round patches, then confluent; margin
white, broad, radiating. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, pruinose.
Flesh pale, waxy, firm, dense. Spores white, or slightly tinged with
pink in the mass, broadly elliptical, 14-18 x 9-11 /A; basidia 55-90 x
12-15/z. Cystidia fusiform, 30-85 x 7-10/i, thick walled, incrusted.
Hyphae irregular, dense, thin walled, 3-6 //,. Fallen branches, especially
alder. Sept. — Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2347. P. incarnata (Pers.) Cke. (= Corticium incarnatum (Pers.) Fr.)
Incarnata, flesh colour.
R. 3-13 cm., reddish, or orange, effused, agglutinated, adnate;
margin white, narrow, byssoid, radiating, fugacious, often wanting.
Hymenium concolorous, pruinose, sometimes undulato-papillose, and
becoming cracked. Flesh slightly coloured, waxy, then rigid, firm.
Spores white, subcylindrical, laterally depressed, 7-12 x 4-5/A, 3-4-
guttulate; basidia 20-40 x 5-7 /z. Cystidia fusiform, or cylindrical,
25-60 x 6-15/z, thick walled, incrusted. Hyphae thin walled, 3-5/z
in diam., basal hyphae coloured. Dead wood, and branches. Jan. —
Dec. Common, (v.v.)
PENIOPHORA 695
var. hydnoidea (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Radulum laetum Fr.)
vSvov, the genus Hydnum; elSos, like.
Differs from the type in its Radulum-like hymenium, and sub-
corticolous habit. Dead wood, and branches of hornbeam, more rarely
on alder. Oct. — March. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2348. P. nuda (Fr.) Bres. (= Corticium nudum Fr. ; ? Peniophora
ochracea (Fr.) Mass. sec. Wakef. in litt.) Nuda, naked.
R. -5-6 cm., hyaline livid, then rose colour or pale lilac, effused, con-
fluent, adnate; margin similar, or narrow, pruinose. Hymenium con-
colorous, becoming paler, pruinose, cracked when dry. Flesh brownish,
waxy, then rigid, firm. Spores white, "cylindrical, incurved, 7-12 x
3-5 /z; basidia 15-27 x 4-7 ju. Cystidia hyaline, the basal ones oboval,
or elliptical, 15-45 x (6-)15-19/i, the others more elongate, 45-50 x
6-8/u,, thin walled, contents granular, incrusting the walls, rugose,
cracked. Hyphae little distinct, 3-5/u, in diam." Bourd. & Galz.
Dead wood, and branches. Nov. — April. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. maculaefonnis (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (= Corticium maculae-
forme Fr.) Macula, a spot;/orma, shape.
Differs from the type in commencing as very small spots, 1-2 mm.
broad, which become confluent and effused, and in the lilac pruina on
the reddish violet hymenium. Dead wood. Uncommon.
2349. P. violaceo-livida (Sommerf.) Bres. ex Bourd. & Galz. (= Cor-
ticium violaceo-lividum (Sommerf.) Fr.)
Violaceus, violet; lividum, black and blue.
R. 2-12 cm., violaceous livid, then cinereous lilac, resupinate, round,
tubercular, closely adnate. Hymenium concolorous, becoming paler,
minutely pruinose, then cracked. Flesh discoloured, waxy, then rigid,
fairly thick. Spores white, "cylindrical, slightly incurved, 9-12 x
3-4-5/n; basidia 20-26 x 6-8/1. Cystidia ovoid, or broadly fusiform,
24-45 x 12-21 p, thin walled, contents vitrified. Hyphae little dis-
tinct, 2-t/i in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, and plum trees.
Jan. — April. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2350. P. caesia (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. (=Corticium Lycii (Pers.) Cke.)
Bres. Fung. Trid. n, t. 145, fig. 2, as Corticium caesium Bres.
Caesia, bluish grey.
R. 1-4 cm., bluish grey, greyish lilac, bluish cinereous, becoming
paler or hoary, broadly effused, closely adnate; margin similar. Hy-
menium concolorous, delicately pruinose, at length cracked. Flesh
paler, subgrumous, thin. Spores white, sausage-shaped, or cylindrical
and incurved, 8-11 x 3-4-5/u,; "basidia 25-32 x 4-6 p. Cystidia
basal ones obovate, or globose, 5-18-32 x 3-14-24/i, hyaline, soon
vitrified; the others cylindrical, or fusiform, and produced into a
696 PENIOPHORA
neck. Hyphae indistinct" Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, branches, and
on Lycium and Syringa vulgaris. Nov. — Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2351. P. cinerea (Fr.) Cke. (=Corticiumcinereum~Fi.) Grevillea, vm,
t. 123, no. 8. Cinerea, colour of ashes.
R. 2-15 cm., lurid, cinereous grey, effused, confluent, agglutinated,
closely adnate ; margin similar. Hymenium concolorous, minutely prui-
nose. Flesh brownish, waxy, then rigid, firm, compact. Spores white,
cylindrical, incurved, 6-10 x 3-4/z; "basidia 21-40- x 3-6-5/x. Cys-
tidia the inferior ones brownish, oboval, clavate, or subfusiform, 20-
35-80 x 4-5-6-14/z, soon vitrified, central cavity tubular; the upper
ones basidia-like. Hyphae rarely distinct, 3p, in diam." Bourd. &
Galz. Dead wood, bark, and branches. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2352. P. laevigata (Fr.) Massee. (= Corticium laevigatum Fr.)
Laevigata, made smooth.
R. 1-3 cm., ferruginous cinnamon, becoming paler, effused, very
adnate, indeterminate; margin at length free. Hymenium concolorous,
pruinose, finally cracked. Flesh paler, firm, thin. Spores white,
cylindrical, depressed on the side, 7-9 x 4-5/1,; basidia 25-30 x 4-5 /a.
Cystidia brownish, or yellowish, fusiform, pointed, or obtuse, 30-50 x
6-9 JJL, thick walled, slightly incrusted. Hyphae sparse, 2-6/x in diam.
Living yew trees, and junipers. Sept. — April. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2353. P. quercina (Pers.) Cke. (= Corticium quercinum (Pers.) Fr.;
? Peniophora pezizoides Mass. sec. Wakef. in litt.) Grev. Scot.
Crypt. Fl. t. 142, as Thelephora quercina Pers.
Quercina, pertaining to oak.
R. 1-18 cm., flesh colour, or orange, then lilac, or greyish, and finally
slate colour, effused, then cup-shaped and free, smooth and becoming
black beneath; margin free, revolute. Flesh pale, or brownish, coria-
ceous, thick, firm. Spores white, sausage-shaped, or cylindrical, often
bent, 10-12 x 3-4/u.; basidia 30-40 x 5-7 /x. Cystidia clavate, or fusi-
form, 50-70 x 5-12/z, thick walled, smooth, or rugose. Basal hyphae
brown, walls more or less thickened, 3-4/x in diam. Fallen branches,
especially oak. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2354. P. limitata (Fr.) Cke. (= Corticium limitatum Fr.) GreviUea,
vm, t. 123, no. 7. Limitata, marked-off.
R. 1-8 cm., lurid, becoming pale, subrotund, tubercular, soon con-
fluent, closely adnate ; margin black. Hymenium ochraceous, minutely
velvety, often finally cracked. Flesh grumous, then cartilaginous,
rather thick. Spores white, "elliptic-oblong, with a minute basal
apiculus, slightly curved, 20-22 x 6/u. Cystidia fusoid, 30-40 x 15-
20 fji, above the level of the hymenium" Massee. Bark, wood and
broom. Rare.
PENIOPHORA. CYTIDIA 697
7. Doubtful British species insufficiently described.
2355. P. phyllophila Massee. <f>v\\ov, a leaf; <£tA.o9, loving.
R. 2-11 cm., pallid, or cream colour, broadly effused; margin
fibrillose, often indeterminate. Hymenium concolorous, continuous.
Flesh membranaceous. Spores white, elliptical, 12 x 6/z. Cystidia
fusoid or cylindrical with the apex sometimes thickened, 60-80 x
20-30/x above the level of the hymenium. Dead leaves. Rare.
2356. P. ochracea (Fr.) Massee. (=1 Peniophora nuda (Fr.) Bres. sec.
Wakef. in litt.) o)^po<i, pale.
R. 3-13 cm., ochraceous. broadly effused, inseparable; margin white,
byssoid, radiating, soon disappearing. Hymenium concolorous,
sprinkled with golden-glistening atoms, cracked when dry. Flesh soft,
waxy. Spores white, "elliptical, 10 x 5 /A. Cystidia fusiform, 40-
50 x 20 /u, above the level of the hymenium" Massee. Wood and
bark. Rare.
P. scotica Massee = Peniophora velutina (DC.) Cke. sec. Wakef.
P. rimosa Cke. = Peniophora hydnoides Cke. & Massee sec. Wakef.
P. terrestris Massee = Peniophora hydnoides Cke. & Massee sec.
Wakef.
P. Crosslandii Massee = Peniophora gigantea (Fr.) Massee sec. Wakef.
P. pezizoides Mass. = Peniophora quercina (Pers.) Cke. sec. Wakef.
P. Chrysanthemi Plowr. = Corticium Sambuci (Pers.) Fr. sec. Wakef.
7. CYPHELLACEAE.
Hymenium covering the whole of the interior of cup-shaped,
urceolate, or cylindrical receptacles ; smooth or veined.
Cytidia Quel.
(= Auriculariopsis R. Maire).
(/euro?, a hollow vessel.)
Receptacle coriaceous-gelatinous, cup-shaped, sessile, scattered,
crowded, or confluent. Hymenium smooth, becoming wrinkled, or
veined. Spores white, or slightly coloured, boat-shaped, globose, or
cylindrical, smooth ; basidia elongate, narrow, cylindrical with 4 thin,
short sterigmata. Growing on wood.
2357. C. flocculenta (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (= Corticium floccu-
Untum Fr.; Cyphella ampla (Lev.) Fr.; Auriculariopsis ampla
(Lev.) R. Maire.) Flocculenta, woolly.
R. 4-12 mm., cup-shaped, hood-shaped and inverted when dry,
externally pale in colour, and tomentose. Hymenium fawn, or bright
brown; margin white, at length wrinkled and veined. Flesh brownish,
698 CYTIDIA. CYPHELLA
gelatinous, thin. Spores white, boat-shaped, 8-10 x 3-4 /i; basidia
30-36 x 4-5/A. Hyphae brown, gelatinous, thick walled, 4-6/A in
diam. Twigs, and fallen branches. Oct. — March. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2358. C. rutilans (Pers.) Quel. (= Corticium salicinum Fr.)
Rutilans, being reddish.
R. 1-10 cm., blood red, transparent, cup-shaped, then expanded, or
confluent, adfixed by the centre, white villose on the outside, and
delicately zoned. Hymenium red blood colour, or orange, even, naked,
zoned. Flesh gelatinous, then horny, thin. Spores "hyaline, or
slightly rosy, globose, 8p," Quel. Salix aurita, more rarely on poplar.
Aug. — Sept. Rare.
Cyphella Fr.
(Kv<j>e\\a, the hollow of the ear.)
Receptacle waxy, membranaceous, or subgelatinous, cup-shaped,
or urceolate, stipitate, sessile, or pendulous. Hymenium smooth,
rugulose, or veined. Spores white, elliptical, obovate, globose, pruni-
form, subpyriform, ovate, clavate or pip-shaped, smooth; basidia
clavate, with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia rarely present. Growing on
wood, bark, herbaceous stems, and mosses; scattered, or gregarious.
2359. C. griseo-pallida Weinm. Griseus, grey; pallida, pale.
R. 2-4 mm., pallid grey, globose, then campanulate, sessile, fioccose
externally. Hymenium concolorous, rugose. Flesh greyish, soft, thin.
Spores "white, oboval, acuminate at the base, 6-7 x 4-4-5 ju,; basidia
18-30 x 5-7 /A. Hyphae thin walled, 3-8/A in diam., without clamp
connections" Bourd. & Galz. Stumps, twigs, elm, and elder bark,
and mosses. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2360. C. fulva Berk. & Rav. Fulva, tawny.
R. 2 mm., brown tawny, cup-shaped, mouth defiexed, sessile, ex-
ternally tomentose with long, brown, aseptate, thick walled, often
curved hairs. Hymenium concolorous, even. Flesh thin, membrana-
ceous. Spores white, "elliptical, 16-17 x 8/^t" Massee. Scattered,
or in little clusters. Dead bark. Jan. Rare.
2361. C. alboviolascens (A. & S.) Karst. (= Cyphella Curreyi B. &
Br.) A. & S. Consp. Fung. t. 8, fig. 4, as Peziza alboviolascens
A. & S. Albus, white ; violascens, becoming violet.
R. 1-5 mm., white, cup-shaped, globose, sessile, or subsessile, often
proliferous, densely white villose, hairs rough. Hymenium pallid, or
violaceous, smooth. Flesh whitish, thin, firm. Spores white, broadly
elliptical, somewhat inequilateral, 14-15 x lOju,; basidia 60-75 x 6-
16/A. Wood, bark, and twigs. Sept. — June. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
CYPHELLA 699
2362. C. Bloxamii B. & Phill.
Rev. A. Bloxam, the well-known mycologist.
R. 1-2 mm., white, turbinate, crenato-lobed, scattered, floccose.
Hymenium becoming light yellow. Flesh membranaceous. Spores
white, "elliptical, 7-8 x 6ju," Massee. Furze. March — April. Rare.
2363. C. cyclas Cke. & Phill. KvK\d<;, round.
R. 10-12 mm., whitish, conchiform, dimidiate, attached on one
side, pendulous, clad with flexuose hairs. Hymenium very pale rose
colour, even. Dead wood. Rare.
2364. C. stuppea B. & Br. a-rvTrr), tow.
R. 1 mm., brownish, becoming white, erumpent, pezizaeform, sessile,
externally coarsely hispid. Hymenium fuscous. Broom. March. Rare.
2365. C. brunnea Phill. Brunnea, brown.
R. 8 mm. high, 5 mm. across, dirty brown, cupulate, mouth oblique,
sessile, scattered, or crowded, clothed near the margin with grey
pruina; margin incurved, lacerated. Hymenium discoloured brown,
smooth. Flesh paler, subgelatinous. Spores white, globose, 5-6 //,.
Elder bark, and wood. Rare.
2366. C. cernua (Schum.) Massee. Schum. Fl. Dan. t. 1970, fig. 3, as
Peziza cernua Schum. Cernua, looking downwards.
R. 5-6 mm. high, pale primrose yellow, obliquely campanulate, con-
tracted into an elongated equal stem, glabrous. Hymenium concolorous.
Flesh thin. Spores white, subglobose, with a basal apiculus, 10 x
8-9yii. Elder bark. Rare.
2367. C. lacera (Pers.) Fr. A. & S. Consp. Fung. t. 1, fig. 5, as Peziza
membranacea A. & S. Lacera, torn to pieces.
R. 2-6 mm. high, 2-3 mm. broad, whitish, or yellow, cup-shaped,
stipitate from the vertex being extended, pendulous, then torn into
many clefts, slightly striate above with dense black fibrils, becoming
cinereous blackish on the outside, and down the stem. Hymenium whitish,
then grey, slightly wrinkled. Flesh membranaceous, thin. Spores
white, "subglobose, 7 x 6ju" Massee, "pruniform, 10-12/z" Quel.
Dead twigs. Rare.
2368. C. capula (Holmsk.) Fr. Holmsk. Nov. Act. Hafn. i, 286, fig. 7,
as Peziza capula Holmsk. Capula, a small bowl with handle.
R. 4-6 mm. high, 5-8 mm. broad, whitish, becoming greyish and
finally blackish, campanulate, transparent; margin sinuate. St. 2 mm.,
concolorous, filiform, flexuose, pubescent and white at the base.
Hymenium whitish, pruinose, even, then wrinkled. Flesh whitish,
membranaceous, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 5-6 p,
with a large central gutta; basidia 20-30 x 5-7 p., with 2-4-sterigmata,
700 CYPHELLA
4-4-5/u, long. Hyphae thin walled, 2-8/z cohering. Dead herbaceous
stems. Sept. — June. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. flavescens Pat. Flavescens, becoming yellow.
Differs from the type in its yellowish, or brownish colour. Dead
herbaceous stem. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2369. C. Pimii Phill. Greenwood Pirn, an Irish mycologist.
R. 4 mm. high, 2 mm. broad, white, or very pale yellow, cup-shaped,
erect, or pendent, pubescent ; margin somewhat incised. St. concolorous,
rather slender, crooked, enlarged upwards. Hymenium concolorous,
smooth. Spores white, subpyriform, 7-10 x 4/z ; basidia cylindraceo-
clavate, with 2-4-sterigmata. Dead herbaceous stems in water. Feb.
Rare.
2370. C. cuticulosa (Dicks.) Berk. Dicks. PL Crypt. Brit. t. 9, fig. 11,
as Peziza cuticulosa Dicks. Cuticulosa, having a skin.
R. 2-4 mm. high, white, diaphanous, at first oblong or digitaliform,
then cup-shaped, elongated into a stem, smooth externally. Spores
white, oval, 6-8 x 4-5/t. Dead grass stems. Oct. — Feb. Rare.
2371. C. pallida Rabenh. Pallida, pale.
R. -5-2 mm., pallid, cup-shaped, orbicular, sessile, sometimes pro-
liferous, at length irregularly lobed, plane, tomentose, or slightly
hispid. Hymenium pallid ochraceous, at length wrinkled. Old stems
of Clematis vitalba. Nov. — April. Rare.
2372. C. vfflosa (Pers.) Karst. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 389, fig. 1, as
Peziza sessilis Sow. Villosa, hairy.
R. -5-1 mm., white, globose, sessile, gregarious, contracted when
dry, externally white villose; hairs subfusiform, subulate, pointed,
4-12/x in diam., rough. Hymenium white, concave, even. Flesh white,
membranaceous, thin. Spores white, ovoid, narrower at the apex,
broadest at the base, 10-15 x 6-10/u,; basidia 40-80 x 7-12/u, with
2-4 straight sterigmata. Stems of herbaceous plants and branches.
Oct. — June. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. stenospora Bourd. & G-alz. crrev6<>, narrow; (nropd, seed.
Differs from the type in the narrow oblong spores, attenuated a little
obliquely at the base, 8-10 x 3-4/z, the smaller basidia 15-18 x 6-8/x,
and the narrower hairs 3-4/u, in diam. Dead fronds of Lastraea Filix-
mas and Athyrium Filix-foemina. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2373. C. dochmiospora B. & Br. 80^109, aslant; (nropd, seed.
R. -5-1 mm., snow white, cup-shaped, sessile, minutely villose.
Spores white, oblique, ovate, rather acute, 14-17/u. Stems of her-
baceous plants. Oct. Rare.
CYPHELLA. SOLENIA 701
2374. C. Berkeley! Massee. (= Cyphella griseo-pallida (Weinm.) Berk.)
Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the father of English mycology.
R. 1-2 mm., reddish grey, globose, then expanding and becoming
campanulate, sessile, minutely pilose. Hymenium concolorous, even.
Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 5/z. Dead Carex paniculata. Rare.
2375. C. Goldbachii Weinm. Cda. in Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. in, t. 63,
as Chaetocypha variabilis Cda. Carl Ludwig Goldbach.
R. 2-4 mm. high, 2 mm. broad, white, cup-shaped, or campanulate,
sessile, pitcher-shaped-concave, lobed, externally villose. Hymenium
pallid, or cream colour, even. Spores white, "globose, 7— 8/x" Massee,
"broadly elliptical, 4 x 2-3 p" Karst. Dead leaves of Aira caespi-
tosa and Carex paniculata. Feb. Rare.
2376. C. lactea Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. i, t. 67, fig. 2.
Lactea, milk white.
R. -5-1 mm. high and wide, snow white, cup-shaped, sessile, tomen-
tose on the outside with shining, white, clavate hairs, 5-6 /A in diam. ;
margin entire, ciliate. Hymenium becoming cream colour, even. Flesh
white, membranaceous, thin. Spores white, ovate-clavate, 9-13 x
3-5-5 /A, 3-4-guttulate; basidia 36-45 x 7-10/n, with 2-4 straight
sterigmata, 5-6 /x, long. Dead leaves of Aira caespitosa. June. Un-
common, (v.v.)
2377. C. muscigena (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Myc. Eur. i, t. 7, fig. 6, as
Thelephora vulgaris Pers. a. Candida Pers.
Muscus, moss; genus, birth.
R. 3-12 mm., shining white, dimidiate, spathulate, becoming plane,
sessile, or stipitate, externally minutely tomentose. St. concolorous, fili-
form. Hymenium white, slightly wrinkled. Flesh white, membrana-
ceous, soft. Spores white, pip-shaped, or broadly obovate and apicu-
late at the attenuated base, 9-10 x 6/4, with a large central gutta.
Polytrichum, and other large mosses. Sept. — March. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
2378. C. catilla W. G. Sm. Stevenson, British Fung, n, p. 284, fig. 89.
Catillus, a small bowl.
R. 18mm., grey, expanded, often imbricate; margin crisped, un-
dulate. Hymenium grey, veined. Flesh submembranaceous. Moss,
and dead leaves. Nov. Rare.
Solenia (Hoffm.).
(<rw\r)v, a pipe.)
Receptacle coriaceous, or membranaceous; tubular, cylindrical,
cup-shaped, or pyriform, sessile, seated on a superficial, felt-like, then
floccose and fugacious mycelium. Hymenium smooth. Spores white,
702 SOLENIA
elliptical, cylindrical, globose, or subglobose; basidia clavate, with
2-4-sterigmata. Growing on wood, gregarious, or fasciculate, rarely
solitary.
*WMte, or whitish.
2379. S. fasciculata Pers. Pers. Myc. Eur. i, t. 12, figs. 8-9.
Fasciculate,, in small bundles.
R. 2-7 mm. high, white, cylindrical, clavate, gregarious, and usually
fasciculate, externally minutely silky and almost smooth. Hymenium
white, tubular, smooth. Flesh white, thin, soft. Spores white, sub-
globose, pointed at the base, 3-5-5 x 3-4/x,, 1-guttulate; basidia 15-
20 x 4-5-5/x, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 4-4-5/u, long. Hyphae
hyaline, 2-2-75/x in diam., with thin or thick walls, and clamp con-
nections. Rotten wood, and fallen branches; sometimes arising from
a white mycelium. Sept. — April. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2380. S. Candida (Hoffm.) Fr. Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. n, t. 8, fig. 1.
Candida, shining white.
R. 2-3 mm. high, shining white, cylindrical, solitary, glabrous.
Hymenium white, tubular, smooth. Flesh white, thin, somewhat
diaphanous. Spores white, subglobose, pointed at the base, 4-5 x
3-4/x, with a large central gutta; basidia 12-15 x 4-5 /i. Hyphae
hyaline, thin, -5-1 p in diam. Rotten branches of beech, alder, and
ash. Oct. — Jan. Uncommon.
2381. S. maxima Massee. Maxima, largest.
R. 2 mm. high, whitish, or pale buff, subcylindrical, slightly con-
tracted at the base, gregarious and subfasciculate, externally villose
with slender, aseptate hyphae rough with minute particles of lime.
Hymenium concolorous, tubular, smooth. Flesh white, thin. Spores
white, elliptical, minutely and obliquely apiculate, 5 x 3/n. Rotten
wood. May. Rare.
**Coloured.
2382. S. anomala (Pers.) Fr. a, not; oyuaXo?, even.
R. 2-5 mm. high, dingy ochraceous to ferruginous, turbinate, or
pyriform, usually gregarious, externally villose. Hymenium pallid,
urceolate; margin incurved. Flesh brownish, thin. Spores white,
cylindrical, incurved, 7-11 x 3-4 /x; basidia 18-30 x 5-6 /i. Rotten
wood, and fallen branches, especially of alder. Jan.— Dec. Common.
(v.v.)
var. ochracea (Hoffm.) Berk. Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. n, t. 8, fig. 2.
compos, pale.
Differs from the type in its scattered habit, and smaller size. Rotten
wood and bark. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
SOLENIA. POROTHELIUM 703
2383. S. poriaeformis (DC.) Fr. Poria, the genus Poria; forma, shape.
R. 1-2 mm. high, grey, cinereous, or brownish, cup-shaped, hairy,
sessile, crowded, seated on a greyish mycelium. Hymenium pale,
grey, concave. Flesh brownish, thin. Spores white, globose, pointed
at the base, 5-6 n, with a large central gutta ; basidia 18-24 x 5-8 /A,
with 2-4 conical, straight sterigmata, 5-6/A long. Hyphae hyaline,
1-2/x in diam., with clamp connections. Wood and bark. Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
Porothelium Fr.
(•Trd/309, a pore ; #77X77, a nipple.)
Receptacles cup-shaped, sessile, more or less crowded, distinct,
seated on, or immersed in, a membranaceous, or floccose stroma.
Hymenium smooth. Spores white, oblong, elliptical, or linear oblong;
smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Growing on
wood.
2384. P. fimbriatum (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 192, fig. 1, as Porothelium
lacerum Fr. Fimbriatum, fringed.
R. 1-10 cm., snow white, effused, membranaceous, firm, separable,
minutely tomentose, pruinose, attached to the matrix by a white,
cord-like mycelium; margin fringed, silky. Pores white, aggregated
in places, papillate, then urceolate, fringed with a pink border, pubescent.
Spores white, "oblong, slightly depressed on one side, 4-5-6 x 3-
3-5 p,, multi-guttulate; basidia 15-23 x 4-5-6 /A, with 2-4-sterigmata,
2-3//, long. Hyphae firm, thick walled, 1-2-5/4 in diam., with scat-
tered, small, often oblique clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Beech,
birch, and hornbeam stumps, and fallen branches. Jan. — Dec. Un-
common, (v.v.)
2385. P. Friesii Mont. Cke. Handb. fig. 69.
Elias Fries, the illustrious mycologist.
R. 2-7-5 cm., white, becoming tan colour, effused, confluent, flocculoso-
membranaceous, margin simple. Pores yellowish, papillate at first,
immersed, then open and urceolate. Spores hyaline, elliptical, 5 x 3/ti.
Pine, and juniper. Sept. — Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
P. Vaillantii (Fr.) Quel. = Poria Vaillantii (DC.) Fr.
P. confusum B. & Br = Odontia sudans (A. & S.) Bres.
P. Stevensonii B. & Br. = Odontia sudans (A. & S.) Bres.
2386. P. Keithii B. & Br. Rev. Dr James Keith, a Scotch mycologist.
R. 2-5-5 cm., pale umber, closely adnate, inseparable, thin, at first
subgelatinous, forming patches; margin very thin, subpulverulent.
Pores pallid, scattered, papillate, at length collapsing. Spores linear-
oblong, 5 x 2ju,. Dead fir. April. Rare.
704 PHAEOCYPHELLA
Phaeocyphella Pat.
(<£flU09, dusky; /cu</>eXA,a, the hollow of the ear.)
Receptacle waxy, fleshy, or membranaceous ; cup-shaped, or urceo-
late, sessile, pendulous. Hymenium smooth, rugulose, or wrinkled.
Spores coloured, elliptical, or subglobose; smooth, punctate, verru-
cose, or echinulate; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Growing on wood,
or on mosses.
2387. P. ochroleuca (B. & Br.) Eea. (= Cyphella ochroleuca B. & Br.)
&>Xpo?, pale; A,eu«09, white.
R. 2-3 mm., ochrey white, cup-shaped, sessile, villose above; margin
at length split. Hymenium pale ochre, brighter than the receptacle, even.
Flesh membranaceous. Spores "very pale ochraceous, elliptical, 6 x
4/i," Massee. Dead bramble stems. July — Oct. Rare.
2388. P. fraxinicola (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Cyphella fraxinicola B. & Br.)
Fraxinus, ash; colo, I inhabit.
R. -25-'2 mm., snow-white, orbicular, sessile, scattered, or gre-
garious, externally shortly villose. Hymenium light yellow, becoming
fuscous with the spores, proliferous. Spores "pale olive, elliptical,
6 x 4/x" Massee. Ash bark. Dec. — Feb. Rare.
2389. P. fuscospora (Curr. ex Cke.) Rea. (= Cyphella fuscospora Curr.
ex Cke.) Fuscus, dark ; a-Tropd, seed.
R. -25— 2 mm., white, tomentose; margin connivent. Hymenium
becoming yellow. Spores fuscous, subglobose, punctulate. Bark. Rare.
2390. P. galeata (Schum.) Bres. (= Cyphella galeata (Schum.) Fr.)
Fl. Dan. t. 2027, fig. 1. Galeata, covered with a helmet.
R. 2-5 mm., whitish, or grey when moist, becoming snow white when
dry, then rufescent; cup-shaped, then dimidiate, helmet-shaped, sessile,
even; margin quite entire. Hymenium at length rufescent, slightly
wrinkled. Flesh whitish, membranaceous, soft. Spores tawny, rough
or verrucose, subglobose, 8— 10/z; basidia 18-30 x 7-9 p, with 4 curved
sterigmata, 5-6 x 2-2-5/n. Hyphae very thin walled, 2-5/i, with
clamp connections. Mosses. Nov. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2391. P. muscicola (Fr.) Rea. (= Cyphella muscicola Fr.) Fl. Dan.
t. 2083, fig. 2. Muscus, moss; colo, I inhabit.
R. 2—5 mm., whitish, or cinereous, persistently cup-shaped, some-
times irregular, nodding, externally slightly fibrilloso-striate; margin
slightly downy, repand, torn. Hymenium white, then grey, even, then
rugulose. Spores pinkish, or pale brown, subglobose, 8-lOju.. Mosses.
Nov. — May. Uncommon, (v.v.)
II. CLAVARIINEAE.
Receptacle erect, dendroid, coralloid, simple, or branched, never
pileate. Hymenium more or less amphigenous.
CLAVAKIACEAE.
Same characters as the suborder.
CLAVABIA 705
Clavaria (Vaill.) Fr.
(Clava, a club.)
Receptacle fleshy, or subcoriaceous, erect, branched, or simple and
clavate, smooth, or longitudinally striate. Hymenium even, amphi-
genous, absent in the stem-like portion of the simple clubs. Spores
white, or ochraceous, rarely reddish ochre or brownish; elliptical,
globose, subglobose, oboval, pip-shaped, pyriform, almond-shaped,
reniform, oblong, oblong elliptical, or subfusiform; smooth, punctate,
or verrucose ; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Putrescent.
Growing on the ground, or on wood ; solitary, gregarious, caespitose,
or caespitoso-connate.
I. Branched.
A. Spores white, slightly coloured in no. 2402;
basidia often with 2-sterigmata.
*Growing on the ground.
2392. C. coralloides (Linn.) Fr. (? = Clavaria cristata (Holmsk.) Fr.
sec. Cotton & Wakef.) Sow. Eng. Fung, t. 278.
KopdXkiov, coral; eZ8o<?, like.
R. 5-10 cm. high, white, repeatedly and irregularly much branched;
trunk short, rather thick, often hollow. Branches unequal, dilated
upwards; branchlets crowded, acute. Flesh white, brittle. Spores
"white, elliptical, subglobose, 6-8 x 4-5 /A" Bourd. & Galz. Edible.
Shady deciduous woods. Aug. — Oct. Rare.
2393. C. cristata (Holmsk.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 103, no. 230.
Cristata, crested.
R. 2-5-7-5 cm. high, white, sometimes tinged ochraceous, often be-
coming cinereous with age when infected with Rosellinia Clavariae,
divided into numerous, irregular branches; trunk short, firm, villose.
Branches dilated above, often flattened, acute, incised, crested. Flesh
white, tough, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 /z, with a
large central gutta; "basidia small, 25 x 6-7 /u,, contents densely
granular, with 2-sterigmata. Hyphae loosely interwoven, more or
less parallel, fairly regular, frequently septate, segments 35-40 x
5-6 JM, in the centre 50-70 x 6-9/x" Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Woods.
June — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2394. C. cinerea (Bull.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 103, no. 232.
Cinerea, colour of ashes.
R. 2-5-5 cm. high, cinereous, very much branched; trunk whitish,
or concolorous, becoming almost black when infected with Rosellinia
Clavariae, short, stout, or thin. Branches and branchlets thickened,
irregularly shaped, somewhat wrinkled, obtuse, often crested and
paler. Flesh white in the trunk, cinereous upwards, somewhat firm.
R. B. B. 45
706 CLAVARIA
Spores white, subglobose, or very broadly elliptical, 7-11 x 7-8 /z,
with a large central gutta; "basidia long, conspicuous, 35— 50(— 70) x
6-10ju, contents finely granular, with 2-sterigmata. Hyphae fila-
mentous, loose, 8-10(-12)//, in diam., with occasional inflations,
slightly septate, irregular in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef.
Edible. Woods. July— Jan. Common, (v.v.)
var. gracilis Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 2. Gracilis, slender.
Differs from the type in the long, slender trunk, and the numerous
thin, tapering, acute branches and branchlets. Spores white, subglobose,
with a basal apiculus, 9 x Sfj,, with a large central gutta. Bare soil
in damp woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2395. C. gigaspora Cotton. 7170,$, giant; o-Tropd, seed.
R. 2-3 cm. high, greyish with a tinge of yellow, irregularly branched,
sometimes almost palmate; trunk hardly distinct, about 1 cm. long.
Branches erect, occasionally forked, often wrinkled, solid, terete, or
compressed, much compressed at the acute angles, ultimate branches
attenuated, apices blunt. Flesh tough, horny when dry. Spores white,
broadly elliptical, slightly oblique, 10-20 x 7-9/x, av. 12-16 x 8jn,
guttulate, then granular; basidia 60-70 x 15/z, with 4 short sterig-
mata, 8-10/u, long, contents granular. Hyphae 4-4-5/z in diam.,
densely packed, forming a firm tough tissue, rather horny when dry.
Amongst moss on rocky, heathy slope. Nov. Rare.
2396. C. amethystina (Batt.) Fr. Batt. Fung. Arim. Hist. t. 1, fig. C.
dpeQvcrTos, amethyst.
R. 5-10 cm. high, violet, very much branched; trunk concolorous,
or whitish, thin, equal. Branches round, smooth, or somewhat rugu-
lose, obtuse, often forked at the apex. Flesh tinged violet, becoming
whitish, rather brittle. Spores white, elliptical, obtuse at both ends,
6—7 x 3—4/1, with a large central gutta; "basidia rather large, 50-
60 x 7-10/i, with 2-4-sterigmata. Hyphae densely interwoven, fre-
quently septate, cells 50-100 x 8-12/n, not pseudoparenchymatous
in transverse section. Spores globose, with a minute basal apiculus,
5-7 p in diam." Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Woods, and pastures.
Aug. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. lilacina (Fr.) Quel. SchaefE. Icon. t. 172, as Clavaria purpurea.
Lilacina, lilac coloured.
Differs from the type in the lilac purple colour becoming brownish
when dry, in the firmer texture and in the less numerous, dentate, often
twisted branches. Pastures. Rare, (v.v.)
2397. C. rugosa (Bull.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 103, no. 233.
Rugosa, wrinkled.
R. 5-10 cm. high, white, simple, or sparingly branched, thickened
CLAVARIA 707
upwards, wrinkled. Branches irregular, few, obtuse, rarely crested.
Flesh whitish, tough, firm. Spores white, subglobose, often apiculate
at the base, 8-9 x 6-8 p, with a large central gutta; "basidia long,
conspicuous, 60 x 5-6jn, with 2-sterigmata, contents granular. Hyphae
somewhat densely interwoven, looser in the centre, 8-10//, in diam.,
frequently septate" Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Woods, and pastures.
Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. fuliginea (Pers.) Fr. Fuliginea, sooty.
Differs from the type in the dark sooty colour of the clubs and flesh.
Woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
var. macrospora Britzl. fta/tpo?, long; (nropd, seed.
Differs from the type in the larger spores, 12-14 x 8-10/x. Rare.
2398. C. grossa (Pers.) Quel. (= Clavaria Krombholzii Fr. sec. Quel.)
Grossa, thick.
R. 5—7 cm. high, snow white, sparingly branched; trunk 3—4 cm. x
3-5 mm., somewhat bulbous at the base. Branches compressed, de-
formed, acute, or incised. Flesh white, brittle. Spores white, ellip-
tical, or subglobose, 9-12 x 6-8/1,, with a large central gutta. Woods.
Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2399. C. crassa Britzl. (? = Clavaria rugosa (Bull.) Fr. sec. Cotton &
Wakef.) Britzl. Hymen. Siidb. v (Clavaria), t. 39. Crassa, thick.
R. 5-7 cm. high, violet, or lilac grey; trunk slender, expanding up-
wards, and dividing into several obtuse, subcompressed branches.
Spores white, subglobose, 8-10 x 8/x,. Scattered, or solitary. Woods.
Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
2400. C. Krombholzii Fr. (= Clavaria Kunzei Fr. sec. Cotton &
Wakef.) Krombh. t. 53, figs. 15-16, as Clavaria Kunzei Fr.
J. von Krombholz, author of "Abbildungen der Schwamme."
R. 3—5 cm. high, white, very densely tufted, sparingly branched, squat,
compact. Branches more or less compressed, obtuse, blunt. Flesh white,
somewhat brittle. Spores white, elliptical, 4 x 3 /A, with a large central
gutta. Edible. Densely caespitose. Pastures. Sept. — Nov. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
2401. C. Kunzei Fr. Karl Sebastian Heinrich Kunze.
R. 5—12 cm. high, ivory to cream white, irregularly and dichoto-
mously branched, loose, rarely compact; trunk sometimes pink at the
base, usually distinct, 1-2 cm. x 3-5 mm. Branches erect, or spread-
ing, cylindrical, or slightly compressed, often elongated, 2-5 mm.
thick, even, solid, axils lunate; apices blunt, or pointed. Flesh white,
somewhat brittle. Spores white, globose, often minutely apiculate,
45—2
708 CLAVARIA
3-5-4-5/i, with a large central gutta; "basidia 30-35 x 5-6 /i, with
4-sterigmata. Internal structure pseudoparenchymatous in trans-
verse sections, cells long, 100-300 x 5-8/z" Cotton & Wakef. Edible.
Solitary, or gregarious. In long grass in woods, and pastures. Aug. —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2402. C. chionea (Pers.) Quel. (= Clavaria Kunzei Fr. sec. Cotton &
Wakef.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 2. X1^' snow-
R. 5—7 cm. high, snow white, trunk thin, 2—3 cm. x 2—3 mm., very
much branched. Branches long, thin, unequal, pointed. Flesh white,
tough, somewhat elastic. Spores pale yellow in the mass, hyaline
under the microscope, subglobose, with a basal apiculus, 4-5 x 4/x,
with a large central gutta. Bare soil in woods. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
2403. C. subtilis (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Comm. t. 4, fig. 2.
Subtilis, slender.
R. 2-2-5 cm. high, white, becoming yellowish, trunk 1-1-5 cm. x
1-2 mm., glabrous at the base, equal, mth few branches. Branches
dichotomously forked, subfastigiate. Flesh white, tough. Spores white,
oblong, elliptical, rounded at both ends, 6 x 3/u,, 1-guttulate. Amongst
grass in woods. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2404. C. comiculata (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Clavaria muscoides Fr. Hym.
Eur.) Schaeff. Icon. t. 173. Corniculata, having little horns.
R. 2-5 cm. high, yellow, generally only twice or thrice branched ;
trunk white towards the base, thin, firm. Branches rounded at the
axils, apex crescent-shaped, acute. Flesh yellow, firm, tough. Spores
white, subglobose, often minutely apiculate, 5-6 fi, with a large central
gutta; "basidia distinct, 50 p, long, vacuolate or clear, with 4-
sterigmata, lOfj. long. Hyphae not interwoven, running parallel to
the axis, easily separable, and becoming twisted, 4-8 /z in diam., fairly
frequently septate, with cells 100-200/z, long, not pseudoparenchy-
matous in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Pastures.
Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. pratensis (Fr.) Cotton & Wakef. (= Clavaria fastigiata (Linn.)
Fr. Hym. Eur.) Pratensis, growing in meadows.
Differs from the type in being more branched, with short, divaricate,
fastigiate branchlets, and forming a level top. Edible. Pastures. Aug.
— March. Common, (v.v.)
2405. C. umbrinella Sacc. (= Clavaria umbrina Berk.) Trans. Brit.
Myc. Soc. in, 1. 11, fig. E, spores. Umbrinella, somewhat umber.
R. 2-5-3-5 cm. high, pale brown, irregularly and dichotomously
branched, stem absent, branches distinct to the base. Branches erect,
cylindrical, slender, 1-2 mm. thick, even, solid; apices blunt, or bifid.
CLAVARIA 709
Spores white, pip-shaped, laterally apiculate, 4-5 x 4/x, or 5-6 x 3/M,
usually guttulate; basidia 35-40 x 6-7 /u,, contents finely granular,
with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae loosely and slightly interwoven, 7-10/z
in diam. Taste pleasant. Lawns, and amongst short grass in woods.
July — Oct. Uncommon.
2406. C. curta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 199, fig. 2. Curta, short.
R. 1-1-5 cm. high, greenish yellow, very much branched, pressed
close together. Stem none. Branches crowded, obtuse. Spores white.
Amongst grass, and fir leaves. Oct. Rare.
2407. C. Bizzozeriana Sacc. (= Clavaria conchyliata Allen.) Trans.
Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 8, as Clavaria conchyliata Allen.
J. Bizzozero.
R. 5-10 mm. high, brilliant violet, becoming paler, at first simple
and toothed at the apex, then dichotomously branched; stem reddish
yellow (nankeen), pubescent. Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 2-5-
3//,; basidia 6-7 /A in diam. Gregarious, but scattered. Bare soil under
nut trees. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**Growing on wood.
2408. C. pyxidata (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Comm. t. 1, fig. 1.
Pyxidata, box-shaped.
R. 2-5-5 cm. high, pallid, then tan colour, somewhat rufescent; trunk
thin, smooth, branched. Branches and branchlets all hollowed out in
cup-shape at the apex, cups radiating in a proliferous manner at the
margin. Flesh white, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 4 x 3/x. Rotten,
and buried wood. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
2409. C. Kewensis Massee. (= Clavaria stricta (Pers.) Fr. sec. Cotton
& Wakef.) Kewensis, belonging to Kew.
R. 4-7 cm. high, rusty brown, becoming ochraceous upwards, base
thick, dividing almost at once into numerous, subequal, divergent
branches. Branches uniform in thickness throughout, often com-
pressed, imperfectly hollow, dividing near the apex into 2—4 short
branchlets, axils rounded, tips obtuse, or divided into 2-4 short
finger-like processes, pruinose. Spores white, elliptical, apiculate at
the base, 5-6 x 3-5-4 /A. Smell pleasant like that of Lentinus cochkatus.
Forming dense tufts, 12-15 cm. across. Rotten wood. Oct. Rare.
B. Spores more or less ochraceous.
*Growing on the ground.
2410. C. botrytis (Pers.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 103, no. 231.
/3oTpi/9, a bunch of grapes.
R. 7-10 cm. high, 6-20 cm. broad, whitish, or ochraceous; trunk
710 CLAVARIA
3-4 x 1-5-6 cm., white, becoming yellowish, firm, passing into very
numerous, crowded, irregular, thick branches. Branches ochraceous,
cylindrical, or compressed, dividing into numerous branchlets, apices
red, toothed. Flesh white, compact. Spores ochraceous in the mass,
oblong elliptical, attenuated at the base into a slightly curved point,
12-15 x 4-6 fji, 1-2-guttulate, finally longitudinally striate; "basidia
long, conspicuous, 60-70 x 8-10/u,, contents granular, with 2-4-
sterigmata. Internal structure of parallel, septate hyphae, cells 100-
150 x 10/A in the centre, smaller towards the margin, scarcely paren-
chymatous in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. Smell very
pleasant, fruity. Taste agreeable. Edible. Woods. Aug. — Nov. Un-
common, (v.v.)
2411. C. flava (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 175. Flaw, yellow.
R. 7-14 cm. high, 10-20 cm. broad, lemon yellow, trunk 4-5 x
5-8 cm., white, becoming blood red when bruised or handled, divided
up into very numerous branches. Branches crowded, compressed,
fastigiate, apices toothed. Flesh white, turning slightly blood colour
near the cuticle when quite fresh, brittle. Spores pale ochraceous in the
mass, oblong elliptical, 9-12 x 4-5 p, finally minutely warted;
"basidia 45 x 10/z, finely granular, with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae inter-
woven, 8-12/>t in diam., subparenchymatous in transverse section"
Cotton & Wakef. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, Sept. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
2412. C. aurea (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaefl. Icon. 287. Aurea, golden.
R. 5-10 cm. high, 10-20 cm. broad, egg yellow, or somewhat tawny;
trunk 2—4 x 1—5 cm., whitish at the base, concolorous above, base some-
what bulbous, divided into numerous, erect, stout branches. Branches
tense, straight, dichotomous, round, flattened ; apices paler, toothed,
or incised. Flesh white, yellowish near the cuticle, tough, elastic. Spores
ochraceous in the mass, oblong, or subfusiform, often obliquely apicu-
late, 9-12 x 3-4/z, 1-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Aug.—
Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2413. C. rufescens (Schaeff.) Fr. Rufescens, becoming red.
R. 7-9 cm. high, 3-6 cm. broad, branchlets all blood red, becoming
paler; trunk 4-5 x 2-3 cm., whitish at the base, becoming yellow up-
wards, divided into numerous erect branches. Branches erect, sub-
compressed; apices dentate, or forked. Flesh whitish, reddish at the
apex of the branches, tough. Spores ochraceous. Woods. Sept. — Oct.
Rare, (v.v.)
2414. C. fonnosa (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Icon, et Descr. t. 3, fig. 6.
Formosa, handsome.
R. 6-9 cm. high, 7-30 cm. broad, orange rose colour, or pinkish
ochraceous; trunk 3-4 x 2-5-6 cm., whitish at the base, becoming rosy
CLAVARIA 711
yellow upwards, very much branched. Branches erect, elongate,
crowded; apices lemon yellow, forked, simple, or toothed. Flesh
whitish in the trunk, subconcolorous elsewhere, tough, elastic. Spores
ochraceous in the mass, oblong elliptical, with a basal, or lateral
apiculus, 9-11 x 5-6 /JL, usually 1-guttulate, "becoming finally sub-
verrucose" Bourd. & Galz.; "basidia not conspicuous, 30-40 x 6-8 /i,
with 4 erect sterigmata. Hyphae frequently septate, loosely inter-
woven in the centre, 6-8(-10)/x, wide, occasionally swollen up to 14/z
at the septa, more slender, and more closely interwoven towards the
margin, subparenchymatous in transverse section. A few latex
hyphae present" Cotton & Wakef. Smell pleasant. Taste agreeable.
Edible. Woods. July — Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2415. C. Broomei Cotton & Wakef.
C. E. Broome, the well-known mycologist.
R. 5—8 cm. high, 2-4 cm. broad, ochraceous orange, tips darker
orange, turning brown easily on bruising, base white, or pinkish; trunk
short, not swollen, white, becoming pinkish on bruising, somewhat
branched, rooting base small. Branches irregular, or subdichotomous,
slight below, more frequent above, axils not rounded, cylindrical, or
flattened, short, solid, fairly erect, smooth, or the larger branches
much wrinkled, tips flattened. Flesh white, becoming vinous later
especially below, solid. Spores deep ochraceous, or even orange in the
mass, fusiform, or pip-shaped, markedly aculeate, 14-20 x 6-8/i
(average 15-16 x 6-7 /z); basidia not conspicuous, 40-50 x 8-9 ^t,
with 2-sterigmata, contents granular. Internal structure composed
of fine filaments, densely packed, slightly interwoven, 3-6 //, in diam.,
with vesicular ends, 10-12/4 in diam., not pseudoparenchymatous
in transverse section; large crystals in abundance in the tissue.
Smell slight, not pleasant. Taste bitter. Woods. Sept. — Oct. Un-
common.
2416. C. spinulosa (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Obs. n, t. 3, fig. 1.
Spinulosa, with little spines,
R. 5-8 cm. high, 3-6 cm. broad, somewhat cinnamon, brownish
amber; trunk 2-4 x 2—3 cm., pallid, becoming yellowish, very much
branched. Branches elongate, crowded, tense and straight; apices
concolorous, forked, simple or toothed. Flesh white, firm, tough.
Spores ochraceous, elliptical, or oboval, incurved and apiculate at
the base, 8-9 x 4-5/z. Woods, and heaths. Sept. — Jan. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
2417. C. abietina (Pers.) Fr. Abietina, pertaining to firs.
R. 2-5-7-5 cm. high, 3-6 cm. broad, ochraceous, becoming greenish
when bruised or weathered; trunk 1—2-5 cm. x 8-15 mm., white tomen-
712 CLAVARIA
tose, very much branched. Branches erect, crowded, longitudinally
wrinkled when dry, apices often becoming tinged with green, forked,
toothed, acute. Flesh greenish, especially at the base, firm, tough.
Spores ochraceous, pip-shaped, with a basal apiculus, 6-7 x 3-4/u,,
1-guttulate, "becoming verrucose" Bourd. & Galz.; "basidia small,
35-40 x 7-8/i, contents uniform, finely granular, with 4 erect sterig-
mata. Hyphae filamentous, loosely interwoven, 4— 10/z (average 5-7 p,),
slightly septate" Cotton & Wakef. Taste bitter. Edible. Coniferous
woods. Aug. — Dec. Common.
2418. C. Invalii Cotton & Wakef. Inval near Haslemere, Surrey.
R. 4—5 cm. high, deep ochre, forming dense, compact, almost
spherical tufts ; trunks more or less distinct, short, often woolly, with
white, or yellowish rooting strands, irregularly and frequently
branched, axils acute. Branches slender, short, uneven, cylindrical,
erect, smooth, solid ; apices attenuated, pointed. Flesh white. Spores
yellow, pip-shaped, slightly incurved at the base, echinulate, 7-9 x
4/z (average 8 x 4/u.); basidia conspicuous, 30-40 x 7-9 /A, contents
finely granular, with 4 erect sterigmata. Internal structure of irre-
gular, wavy, filamentous hyphae, 5-10/u, in diam., loosely interwoven,
and running equally in each direction. Smell slightly pungent. Taste
faint, hardly bitter. Amongst leaves in thick plantations of spruce,
larch, etc. Uncommon.
2419. C. flaccida Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 199, fig. 4. Flaccida, flabby.
R. 3-10 cm. high, 3-4 cm. across, ochraceous, or somewhat tawny;
trunk 2-3 x 1-5-2 cm. or almost none, concolorous, very much
branched, flaccid. Branches erect, crowded, even, apices acute,
simple, or forked, converging. Flesh whitish, yellowish upwards,
elastic, firm. Spores very pale ochraceous, elliptical, 6-7 x 3/x, 1-
guttulate, "minutely verrucose" Bourd. & Galz.; "basidia small,
conspicuous, 30 x 7-9 /M, contents finely granular, with 4-sterigmata.
Hyphae loosely interwoven, slightly septate, 7-10/x in diam., not
parenchymatous in transverse section, and more densely arranged
towards the periphery" Cotton & Wakef. Woods, and heaths. Sept.
— Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2420. C. condensata Fr. Condensata, pressed close together.
R. 5-10 cm. high, 3-4 cm. across, tan rufescent; trunk 1-2 cm. x
5-10 mm., ochraceous cream, or whitish at the base, divided into numerous
branches almost to the base. Branches yellow, tense and straight, erect,
crowded in a parallel manner, apices fastigiate, twice or thrice toothed.
Flesh white, deep yellow upwards, firm, tough. Spores ochraceous,
elliptic oblong, depressed on the side, 8-9 x 4/A, 2-3-guttulate.
Woods, and heaths. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
CLAVARIA 713
2421. C. palmata (Pers.) FT. Palmata, palmate.
E. 5-6 cm. high, 3-4 cm. broad, tan, or tawny, becoming paler;
trunk thin, very much branched almost from the base. Branches bifur-
cate, flattened, thin, erect, palmately branched, apices forked, or
toothed. Flesh pale, firm. Spores pale ochraceous, minutely punctate,
oblong elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4 p, usually 1-guttulate. Smell very pleasant.
Coniferous woods. Dec. Rare, (v.v.)
2422. C. crocea (Pers.) Fr. Kpoicos, saffron.
R. 1-1-5 cm. high, saffron yellow, stem pallid, thin, naked. Branches
and branchlets similar, somewhat forked. Spores " ochraceous, ellip-
tical, 6-7 x 3-4/z," Massee. Waste ground, downs, gardens, on peat.
Sept.— Feb. Rare.
2423. C. grisea (Pers.) Fr. (= Clavaria cinerea (Bull.) Fr. sec. Cotton.)
Grisea, grey.
R. 3-7-5 cm. high, fuliginous cinereous; trunk 4 x 2-5 cm., whitish.
Branches 7-5 cm. long, attenuated, somewhat wrinkled; branchlets un-
equal, obtuse. Flesh firm. Spores "reddish ochre in the mass, slightly
brownish, and with a yellowish gutta under the microscope, oboval,
10-12 x 7-7-5^" Bourd. & Galz. Woods. Sept.— Oct. Rare.
2424. C. fuliginea Pers. Fuliginea, sooty.
R. 5-7-5 cm. high, 5 cm. broad, cinereous, becoming rufescent, very
much branched; stem thin; larger branches thick, compressed, lateral
rather incomplete; branchlets subfastigiate, short, acute. Spores
ochraceous, globose, with an apiculus, 10//,. Ground. Rare.
**Growing on wood.
2425. C. stricta (Pers.) Fr. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 18, fig. 5.
Stricta, close.
R. 5-10 cm. high, 3-8 cm. across, pallid yellow, becoming fuscous
when bruised; trunk 1-3 x 1 cm., whitish at the base, concolorous up-
wards, very much branched. Branches tense and straight; crowded,
adpressed; apices acute, or toothed. Flesh white, firm, tough. Spores
pale ochraceous, pip-shaped, with a basal, or lateral apiculus, 6-9 x
4-5 /x; "basidia distinct, 30-40 x 7-9 fi, contents granular, with 4
erect sterigmata. Hyphae interwoven, 4-10/x in diam., not parenchy-
matous in transverse section, central hyphae rather thick walled"
Cotton & Wakef . Rotten stumps, and buried wood. Aug. — Jan. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
var. alba Cotton. Alba, white.
Differs from the type in its creamy white colour. On the ground,
amongst fallen leaves, etc. Rare.
714 CLAVARIA
2426. C. crispula Fr. Crispula, with little curls.
R. 2-5-7-5 high, tan, then ochraceous, very much branched; trunk
thin, with villose rootlets. Branches flexuose, multifid, divaricate.
Spores "pale yellow, elliptical, 5x3^" Massee. Base of trunks, ash,
and elder. Oct. — Dec. Rare.
II. Simple.
A. Tufted, or caespitose at the base.
*Purple, or reddish.
2427. C. purpurea (Miiller) Fr. Fl. Dan. t. 837, fig. 2.
Purpurea, purple.
R. 7-12 cm. high, 1-2 mm. thick, purple, purple grey, purplish
brown, or dark chocolate, white villose at the base, fusiform, compressed,
hollow ("solid" Cotton), flexuose, acute. Spores white, "oval, 7-8 x
4-5 /i, contents granular; basidia small, 25-30 x 7-8, guttulate, with
4 erect sterigmata. Hyphae irregular, cells 50-60 x 3-5 \JL, or x 7-9 /u,
towards the centre, pseudoparenchymatous in transverse section"
Cotton & Wakef. Fragile. Caespitose. Grassy places, and under
conifers. Aug. — Oct. Rare.
C. rufa Fl. Dan. = Clavaria inaequalis (Mtiller) FT. sec. Cotton.
2428. C. rosea (Dalman) Fr. Rosea, rose colour.
R. 2-5 cm. high, rose colour, whitish at the attenuated base, fusiform,
apex acute, rarely toothed, or bifid, cylindrical, or somewhat com-
pressed, sometimes becoming yellowish at the apex. Flesh whitish,
stuffed, brittle. Spores white, subglobose, with a distinct basal
apiculus, 6-6-5 x 5/n; basidia clavate, 22-37 x 7-10/u, with 4-sterig-
mata. "Hyphae irregular, 7-12/t in diam., frequently septate, semi-
parenchymatous in transverse section; crystals sometimes present"
Cotton & Wakef. Caespitose. Pastures. Sept. — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
**Yellow.
2429. C. fusifonnis (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 234.
Fusus, a spindle ; forma, shape.
R. 5-14 cm. high, yellow, elongate-fusiform, attenuated at both
ends, smooth, often with a central furrow, apex acute, rarely toothed,
becoming hollow. Flesh concolorous, paler upwards, somewhat firm.
Spores white, or tinged with yellow, globose, minutely apiculate at the
base, 6-8 p, with a large central gutta; "basidia hyaline, 35-40 x
6— 8/x, with 4 slightly curved sterigmata. Hyphae more or less inter-
woven, 4-6 fj, in diam., walls sometimes rough, occasionally with dark
yellow contents" Cotton & Wakef. Taste bitter. Caespitoso-connate.
Woods, and pastures. July — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
CLAVABIA 715
var. ceranoides (Pers.) W. G. Sm. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 235.
Krjpos, wax; etSo?, like.
Differs from the type in the blunter, often divided apices of the clubs
becoming brown. Woods, and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
2430. C. luteo-alba Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 3
Luteus, orange yellow; alba, white.
R. 4—5 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, deep rich yellow, or apricot colour,
becoming pale ochraceous when dried, apex white, cylindrical, or slightly
compressed, gradually attenuated downwards to the base, blunt, or
acute, stuffed. Flesh orange yellow, or concolorous, floqcose. Spores
white, pip-shaped, or ovoid, 5-8 x 3-4 /u,; basidia 25-30 x 5-7 //,, con-
tents slightly granular, with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae 5- 6 p in diam.,
containing orange coloured granules. Taste "like tallow" Cotton.
Fasciculate, or scattered. Woods, pastures, and heaths. Aug. — Dec.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2431. C. inaequalis (Miiller) Quel. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 37, as
Clavariafragilis. Inaequalis, unequal.
R. 2-5-6 cm., golden yellow, sulphur coloured at the base, simple, or
forked, apex acute, stuffed. Flesh pale yellow. Spores white, " ovoid,
globose, apiculate, 7-9 x 6-8 /x" Bourd. & Galz. Woods, pastures,
and heaths. Aug. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2432. C. dissipabilis Britzl. (= Clavaria similis Boud. & Pat. ; Clavaria
inaequalis (Miiller) Fr. sec. Cotton.) Britzl. Hymen. Siidb. fig. 28.
Dissipabilis, dispersed.
R. 3-6 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, yellow, to orange yellow, fragile,
elongato-clavate, tapering downwards, or cylindrical, obtuse, rarely
subacute, smooth, or furrowed, stuffed. Flesh white or yellowish,
floccose. Spores white, or tinged with yellow, acutely warted, sub-
globose, 5-6 /A, with a large central gutta; "basidia conspicuous,
clavate, yellowish, 30-40 x 6-8/x,, with 4 more or less erect sterig-
mata" Cotton & Wakef. Solitary, or in small clusters. Woods, pas-
tures, and heaths. Aug. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2433. C. per similis Cotton. Per similis, very like.
R. 3-5 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, orange yellow, to orange, becoming
dark orange when dried, cylindrical, or subcompressed, apex usually
acute. Flesh pale, floccose. Spores white, subglobose-oblong, with a
conspicuous oblique apiculus, 5-6 x 4ju,, guttulate; basidia 30-35 x
7-8/A, contents granular, with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae loosely packed,
running longitudinally, 3-6 /u, in diam., not pseudoparenchymatous
in transverse section. Isolated, or fasciculate. Amongst short grass.
Woods, and pastures. Not uncommon.
716 CLAVARIA
2434. C. argillacea (Pers.) Fr. (= Clavaria ericetorum Pers.) Boud.
Icon. t. 175, as Clavaria ericetorum Pers.
ArgiUacea, clay colour.
R. 3-8 cm. high, 4-8 mm. broad, whitish yellow, or citron yellow,
simple, elongate, attenuated at the base and shining, very rarely
bifurcate, compressed, with one or two longitudinal channels, apex
obtuse, or truncate, stuSed, fragile. Flesh concolorous, floccose. Spores
white, reniform, or oblong and depressed on one side, 10 x 5— 6/t, with
granular contents; "basidia conspicuous, 70 p long, with 4 sterigmata,
contents granular. Internal structure almost pseudoparenchymatous
in transverse section even when old, cells regular, 10-14/x in diam.,
with small, narrow filaments (4-5 fi in diam.) between; segments
50-70 /LI, long towards the margin, but up to 200-300 \L in the centre "
Cotton & Wakef. Solitary, or in tufts of two or three. Heaths, and
hillsides. Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2435. C. straminea Cotton. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. m, t. 11, erro-
neously lettered Clavaria persimilis Cotton.
Straminea, straw colour.
R. 3-5 cm. high, 3-4 mm. thick, straw-coloured, becoming brownish
with age or when handled, simple, cylindrical, or somewhat com-
pressed, smooth, apex usually acute. Stem usually very distinct, cinna-
mon yellow, stuffed, brittle. Flesh somewhat darker than the hymenium.
Spores white, globose, with a minute basal apiculus, granular, 5-7 /LI;
basidia 40-60 x 7-9 p, with 4-sterigmata, contents granular. Internal
structure pseudoparenchymatous in transverse section. Isolated, or
caespitose. Amongst short grass, lawns, and pastures. Sept. — Oct.
Rare, (v.v.)
2436. C. Michelii Rea. P. A. Micheli, an early illustrator of fungi.
R. 4—7 cm. high, 1-2 mm. thick, yellow, white at the base, cylindrical,
hollow, apex acute, very fragile. Flesh yellowish, white at the base.
Spores white, subglobose, 3 x 2/n. Fasciculate. Amongst grass under
a cherry tree. Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
***White, rarely yellow.
2437. C. vermicularis Fr. Vermicularis, pertaining to worms.
R. 6-12 cm. high, 3-5 mm. broad, shining white, elongate fusiform,
attenuated at both ends, compressed, with a longitudinal channel down
the middle, often twisted, hollow, apex acute, often becoming brownish
when weathered, very brittle. Flesh white, fragile. Spores white, ellip-
tical, with a basal apiculus, 5-7 x 3-4 /LI, with a large central gutta;
"basidia small, 30 x 6-7 /x, with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae parallel,
septate, with rather long cells, pseudoparenchymatous in transverse
section, central cells 10-15/z in diam., with smaller cells intermixed"
CLAVARIA 717
Cotton & Wakef. Taste pleasant, like cheese straws when cooked.
Edible. Densely caespitose. Amongst long grass in woods, and pas-
tures. May — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
2438. C. fragilis (Holmsk.) Fr. (= Clavaria vermicularis Fr. sec.
Cotton.) Fragilis, brittle.
R. 5-6 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, white, or yellow, simple, cylindrical,
slightly attenuated downwards, apex subobtuse, or slightly pointed,
stuffed, becoming hollow, fragile. Flesh white, or slightly yellowish,
loose. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 8—9 x 5— 6/z, with granular
contents. Edible. Fasciculate. Heaths, and pastures, rarely in woods.
Aug. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
****Fuliginous, or blackish.
2439. C. striata (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Icon, et Descr. t. 3, fig. 5.
Striata, furrowed.
R. 3-5 cm. high, 3-4 mm. wide, sub/uliginous, cylindrical, at-
tenuated at the apex and base, extreme base white, somewhat twisted,
here and there longitudinally striate, compressed, apex subobtuse,
stuffed, then hollow. Flesh white, loose. Spores white, subglobose,
with a basal apiculus, 3-4 x 2-3/i. Amongst grass under beeches.
Sept. Rare.
2440. C. fumosa (Pers.) Fr. Krombh. t. 53, fig. 18. Fumosa, smoky.
R. 5-14 cm. high, 3-7 mm. thick, fuliginous, cylindrical, or in-
crassated at the apex, straight, subcompressed, hollow, somewhat
fragile. Flesh white, loose. Spores white, elliptical, somewhat pointed
towards the base, 6-7 x 4/u,, contents granular; "basidia incon-
spicuous, 35 x 6-7 \L, with 2—4 short sterigmata. Hyphae parallel,
with short, cylindrical cells, 30-50 x 10-15/z, pseudoparenchymatous
in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. Densely caespitose. Amongst
grass in pastures, and on lawns, rarely in woods. Aug. — Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
B. Clubs distinct at the base.
*Yellow, ochraceous, or tawny, often becoming rufescent.
2441. C. pistillaris (Linn.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 104, no. 235.
Pistillaris, like a pestle.
R. 7-30 cm. high, 2-5 cm. broad, light yellow, then rufescent, finally
dingy brown, obovate-clavate, obtuse, pruinose, stuffed. Flesh white,
floccose, firm. Spores white, or tinged yellowish, pip-shaped, or
elliptic-oblong with a lateral apiculus, 12-13 x 7-8/i, often 1-guttu-
late; "basidia about 70 fi long, with 2-4-sterigmata " Cotton & Wakef.
Edible. Woods. Sept. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
718 CLAVARIA
2442. C. ligula (Schaeff.) Fr. Ligula, a little tongue.
R. 3-6 cm. high, 1-1-5 cm. broad, yellowish, then pallid rufescent,
elongato-clavate, obtuse, base villose, white, stuffed. Flesh white,
floccose, loose. Spores white, elliptical, often with a lateral apiculus,
10 x 5— 6 fj,, contents granular; "basidia conspicuous, 40 x 6— 8/u,, with
4-sterigmata" Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Woods. Aug.— Oct. Un-
common, (v.v.)
2443. C. contorta (Holmsk.) Fr. (= Clavaria fistulosa (Holmsk.) Fr.
sec. von Hoehn. and Bourd. & Galz.) Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr.
xxxin, t. 1, fig. 5. Contorta, twisted.
R. -5-2 cm. high, 2-6 mm. thick, watery yellowish, often tinged with
brown, erumpent, simple, sometimes spathulate, somewhat twisted,
wrinkled, obtuse, compressed, stuffed. Flesh yellowish, floccose, loose.
Spores white, almond-shaped, 12-14 x 9 /A, contents granular, "fusi-
form, 15—18 x 7— 9/x," Boud.; "basidia rather large, very distinct,
50 x 10/i, contents minutely granular, with 4-sterigmata. Internal
structure in longitudinal section of long cells, 10-15^i in diam., with
narrower elements on either side; latex tubes present" Cotton <fc
Wakef. Dead twigs. Oct. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2444. C. fistulosa (Holmsk.) Fr. Fistulosa, full of holes.
R. 10-20 cm. high, 2 mm. thick, yellow, then rufescent, cylindrical,
subobtuse, straight, or curved, often contorted at the base, hollow; root
short, vittose. Flesh yellowish, firm. Spores white, verrucose ("smooth"
Cotton), pip-shaped, or subfusiform, 12 x 7/u, with a large central
gutta; "basidia conspicuous, about 40 /a long, with 4 erect sterigmata,
contents finely granular. Internal structure possessing a system of
lacticiferous hyphae, aseptate, frequently branched, 6/u, in diam.,
contents granular" Cotton & Wakef. Dead branches, and pea sticks.
Nov. — Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2445. C. Ardenia (Sow.) Fr. (= Clavaria fistulosa (Holmsk.) Fr. sec.
Quel.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 215. Ardenia, Lady Arden.
R. 12-30 cm. high, 8 mm. broad at the apex, ferruginous, then dote
brown, elongate, incrossoted at the obtuse or acute apex, hollow, base
tomentose, not rooting. Flesh yellowish, rigid, firm. Spores white,
oblong elliptical, attenuated towards the base, 15 x 6/x, contents
granular. Fallen branches, and mosses. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
C. tuberosa (Sow.) Berk. = Calocera tuberosa (Sow.) Fr.
2446. C. juncea (A. & S.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 176.
Juncea, like a rush.
R. 5-15 cm. high, 1-2 mm. thick, pallid, then rufescent, filiform,
flaccid, fistulose, apex acute, creeping base fibrillose. Flesh yellowish.
CLAVARIA 719
Spores white, elliptical, sometimes depressed on the side towards the
base, 8-9 x 4-5/z, 1-guttulate; "basidia small, 30-35 x 6-7(-8)/u,
with 4-sterigmata, slightly vacuolar. Internal structure parenchyma-
tous in transverse section, with occasional large air spaces " Cotton &
Wakef. Amongst leaves in woods. Sept. — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
**White, or greyish.
2447. C. canaliculate Fr. (= Clavaria rugosa (Bull.) Fr. sec. Cotton &
Wakef.) Canaliculata, channelled.
R. 3-20 cm. high, 4—6 mm. thick, snow white, or greyish, clavate,
or cylindrical, at length compressed, channelled, or splitting longitu-
dinally, stuffed, then hollow. Flesh white, loose. Spores white, broadly
elliptical, 11-12 x 7/x, with a large central gutta. Solitary, rarely
in pairs, or threes. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. — Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
2448. C. tenuipes B. & Br. (= Pistillaria tenuipes (B. & Br.) Massee.)
B. & Br. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. n, t. 9, fig. 2.
Tennis, thin; pes, foot.
R. 1-5-6 cm. high, 2—10 mm. wide, pallid clay colour, pale grey to
drab-coloured, clavate, or cylindrical, often compressed, smooth, or
slightly rugulose, apex blunt, hollow when old. Stem slender, 1-2 cm.
x 2-3 mm., more or less sharply marked. Flesh concolorous, loose.
Spores white, elliptical, or oval, often with a minute basal apiculus,
6-9 x 4-5 n, guttulate, then granular, "basidia 30-40 x 7-9 p, with
4-sterigmata, contents granular. Internal structure consisting of
loosely packed, oblong cells, 8-10/x in diam., cells 50-150/x long,
hyphae unbranched " Cotton & Wakef. Isolated, or in small groups.
Amongst short grass, bare soil, and old charcoal heaps, on heaths,
pastures, and in woods. Sept. — Jan. (v.v.)
2449. C. asterospora Pat. Pat. Tab. Anal. ser. 2 (1886), fig. 568.
d<rTijp, a star; <nropd, seed.
R. 2-3 cm. high, pure white, simple, slender, cylindrical, apex blunt,
or pointed, smooth, hollow. St. slender, greenish at the base, not
markedly distinct from the club. Flesh brittle. Spores hyaline, with
long, scattered spines, globose, spore body 7-8 /u, in diam.; basidia
clavate, 30-40 x 8/t, with 4-sterigmata. Internal structure pseudo-
parenchymatous in transverse section. Bare soil. Rare.
2450. C. acuta (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 333. Acuta, pointed.
R. 3-7 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, glistening white, cylindrical, or
compressed, smooth, becoming hollow, very brittle, attenuated ; apex
acute, or obtuse. Stem usually very distinct, 1-2 cm. long. Flesh
white, loose. Spores white, subglobose, minutely apiculate, 7-10 x
6-9 /z, guttulate, then granular; "basidia 30-35 x 7-8 /A, with 4-
sterigmata, contents granular. Internal structure pseudoparenchy-
720 CLAVABIA. TYPHULA
matous in transverse section, cells av. 10/z in diam." Cotton. Iso-
lated, or in twos or threes. Amongst short grass in woods, pastures,
shady lawns, and in flower-pots. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2451. C. Crosslandii Cotton.
Charles Crossland, the well-known Yorkshire mycologist.
R. 2-3 cm. high, 1—3 mm. thick, greyish white, or grey, becoming
darker with age, cylindrical, apex usually pointed, brittle. Stem
hardly distinct. Flesh somewhat darker than the hymenium. Spores
white, pip-shaped, 4-5 x 2-5-3 /z; basidia 20-25 x 4— 5 /A, with 4-
sterigmata, contents granular. Internal structure pseudoparenchy-
matous in transverse section, cells 5-8 /n in diam. Isolated, or fascicu-
late. Amongst short grass in woods. Sept. Rare.
2452. C. tenerrima Massee & Crossl. (? = Clavaria acuta (Sow.) Fr.
sec. Cotton.) Tenerrima, very delicate.
R. 1-5-4 cm. high, 1-2 mm. thick, hyaline or shining white, simple,
cylindrical, flexuose, smooth, subattenuated above, but by no means
acute, not narrowed at the base, stuffed, firm. Spores hyaline, verru-
cose, subglobose, apiculate, 8-9 p; basidia with 4-sterigmata. Gre-
garious but distinct at the base. Amongst short grass.
C. uncialis Grev. = Pistillaria uncialis (Grev.) Cost. & Dufour.
***Rosy.
2453. C. incarnata Weinm. Incarnata, flesh colour.
R. 1-4 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, flesh colour, or rosy, cylindrical, or
compressed, pointed, or blunt, pruinose, base whitish, hairy, solid.
Flesh purple, sometimes white, firm. Spores white, broadly elliptical,
or pear-shaped, 10 x 6-7 p, 1-guttulate; " basidia 35-40 x 7-8(-10)/Lt,
contents finely granular, with 4 erect sterigmata. Hyphae loosely
interwoven, frequently septate, cells 50-100 x 5-10/i, with trumpet-
shaped expansions in the subhymenial layer, pseudoparenchymatous
in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. Gregarious. Bare soil in
woods. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Typhula (Pers.) Fr.
(Typha, the reed-mace.)
Receptacle fleshy, waxy, or tough, erect, simple, very rarely
branched, cylindrically clavate, with a long, thin stem, often springing
from a sclerotium. Hymenium smooth, confined to the clavate portion
of the receptacle. Spores white, oblong, ovate, subglobose, pip-
shaped, or subcylindrical, smooth; basidia clavate, with 2-4-sterig-
mata. Cystidia none, or inconspicuous. Growing on dead leaves,
herbaceous stems, twigs and wood.
TYPHULA 721
*Springing from a sclerotium at the base.
2454. T. erythropus (Bolt.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 43, as
Phacoriza erythropus. epvQpos, red; TTOV^, foot.
R. 1-2 cm. high, club white, 4-6 mm. long, cylindrical, linear,
smooth. Stem reddish black, 12 mm., filiform, often twisted, springing
from an elliptical, brown, or blackish sclerotium (sclerotium some-
times wanting), clothed with concolorous hairs at the base. Spores
white, oblong, or subcylindrical, sometimes depressed on the side,
6-9 x 3-4/i. Dead leaves, and sticks, and dead herbaceous stems.
Sept. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2455. T. phacorrhiza (Reich.) Fr. Stev. Brit. Fung, n, p. 304, fig. 94.
<£a/eo5, a lentil; pi£a, root.
R. 2-5-7-5 cm. high, brownish, filiform, acute, paler and tomentose
at the base, flexuose, springing from a compressed, pallid, then fuscous
sclerotium. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8 x 7jn,
with a large central gutta. Dead leaves, and herbaceous stems. Oct. —
Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2456. T. incarnata (Lasch) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 93, as
Phacorhiza filiformis. Incarnata, flesh colour.
R. 5-10 cm. high, whitish, fiesh colour upwards, filiform, cylindrical,
attenuated and hairy downwards, springing from a compressed, fus-
cous sclerotium. Spores white, "subglobose, 5 x 4/i," Massee. Dead
herbaceous stems. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
2457. T. gyrans (Batsch) Fr. yvpos, a circle.
R. 1-4 cm. high, white, very slender, subcylindrical, or subfusi-
form, 3— 5 mm. long; stem hyaline, diaphanous, filiform, pubescent,
springing from an elliptical, pallid, then fuscous sclerotium. Spores
white, "oblong, 5—6 x 2 /A" Pat. Straw, dead stems of grasses, and
twigs. Oct. Uncommon.
T. muscicola (Pers.) Fr. = Eocronartium muscicola (Pers.) Fitzpat.
**No sclerotium at the base.
2458. T. Grevfflei Fr.
Dr Robert Kaye Greville, the eminent Scotch mycologist.
R. 5-12 mm. high, white, club elliptical, 2-3 mm., obtuse. Stem
filiform, pilose. Spores white, pip-shaped, or oblong with a lateral
apiculus, 4-5 x 2/i. Dead leaves, especially alder, and poplar. Sept.
— Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2459. T. filiformis (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 448, fig. 1,
as Clavaria filiformis. Filum, a thread ; forma, shape.
R. 2-5-7-5 cm. high, club white, cylindrical, fusiform; stem date
B. B. B. 46
722 TYPHULA. PISTILLARIA
brown, filiform, somewhat branched, decumbent, smooth.. Spores white,
"about 5-4 /A" Massee. Amongst dead leaves. Nov. Rare.
2460. T. gracillima White ex B. & Br. Gracillima, very slender.
R. -5-2 cm. high, white, club elongate ; stem very slender, curved,
smooth. Various herbaceous plants.
2461. T. gracilis Berk. & Desm. B. & Br. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist,
no. 84, t. 8, fig. 1. Gracilis, slender.
R. 2-3 mm. high, club pallid, simple, or forked, acute, rough with
spores and little prominent bristles; stem short, distinct, smooth,
or strigose with " hyaline, flexuose hairs, 100-200 x 1-3 /z. Spores
white, oblong, 7-9 x 3-5-4 /A; basidia 21-28 x 6/x, with 2-sterigmata.
Hyphae 3-9/t in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Rotten leaves. Dec. Un-
common.
2462. T. tenuis (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 386, fig. 5, as Clavaria
tennis. Tenuis, thin.
R. 4-6 mm. }ngh, fuscous black, club thickened, smooth; stem fili-
form. Rotten wood in cellar. Rare.
2463. T. translucens B. & Br. (Not a fungus sec. Massee.)
Translucens, transparent.
R. white, minute, pellucid, club irregular, somewhat obovate ; stem
short, thickened upwards. On the ground. Oct. Rare.
T pusilla Schroet. = Pistillaria pusilla (Pers.) Fr.
Pistillaria Fr.
(Pistillum, a pestle.)
Receptacle fleshy, or waxy, erect, simple, very rarely forked, club-
shaped, with a short, thick, glabrous, or villose stem, rarely springing
from a sclerotium. Hymenium smooth, confined to the clavate por-
tion of the receptacle. Spores white, oblong, elliptical, subcylindrical,
pruniform oblong, oblong elliptical, or sausage-shaped, smooth;
basidia clavate, with 1-2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none, or incon-
spicuous. Growing on dead herbaceous stems, and leaves.
*Rosy.
2464. P. micans (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 177. Micans, sparkling.
R. -5-1 mm. high, club glistening rose colour, obovate, or oblong,
obtuse, pruinose; stem white, or concolorous, cylindrical. Flesh con-
colorous, soft. Spores white, elliptical, or oblong elliptical, 8-12 x
6-7 \L ; basidia 35-40 x 7-8 fi, with 2-4-sterigmata. Dead herbaceous
stems, and leaves, especially thistles. July — Feb. Not uncommon.
(**»)
PISTILLARIA 723
**Tawny.
2465. P. fulgida Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 391, as Clavaria minuta.
Fulgida, shining.
R. 1-3 mm. high, club tawny, or tawny orange, cylindrical, or lanceo-
late, subacute, flexuose, smooth; stem whitish, or yellow, equal, or
constricted at the apex. Spores white, "oblong or subcylindrical,
obliquely attenuated at the base, 8-10 x 4-5-5^; basidia 18-25 x
7-9 jj,, with 2-4-sterigmata" Bourd. & Galz. Stems of Dipsacuspilosus,
and Helianthus tuberosus. Sept. Rare.
***White, or yellowish.
2466. P. culmigena Mont. & Fr. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1836), t. 12, fig. 2.
Culmus, stalk; gena, borne.
R. 1-5-3 mm. high, hyaline pellucid, club ovate, obtuse, compressed;
stem distinct, very short. Flesh white, soft, then cartilaginous. Spores
white, "elliptical cylindrical, 6-7 /n" Quel. Dead grass stems. Oct. —
Jan. Not uncommon.
2467. P. quisquiliaris Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 334, fig. 1, as Clavaria
obtusa. Quisquiliaris, pertaining to refuse.
R. 3-8 mm. high, whitish,, club-shaped, oval, rarely bifid, more or
less compressed, attenuated downwards, smooth, sometimes springing
from a minute sclerotium. Flesh white, soft, then rigid. Spores white,
sausage-shaped, or oblong, and depressed on one side, 12-15 x 5-6/n,
contents granular. Dead fern stems, especially bracken. April — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
2468. P. ovata (Pers.) Fr. Ovata, ovate.
R. 4-6 mm. high, white, club ovate, or obovate, subglobose, pyri-
form, or turbinate, hollow, attenuated downwards into a smooth,
diaphanous stem. Spores white, "pruniform oblong, 12/4 " Quel.
Dead elm, and bramble leaves. Rare.
2469. P. furcata W. G. Sm. ex Cke. Furcata, forked.
R. 2-5-3 cm. high, white, or yellowish, compressed, broad at the
apex, attenuated downwards, generally furcate. Flesh waxy, then
tough. Caespitose. In greenhouses.
2470. P. uncialis (Grev.) Cost. & Dufour. (= Clavaria uncialis Grev. ;
Ceratella uncialis (Grev.) Quel.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 98, as
Clavaria uncialis. Uncialis, a twelfth part.
R. 1-2-5 cm., white, becoming yellowish with age, cylindrical, gradually
attenuated downwards, obtuse, smooth, naked, flexuose, stuffed.
46—2
724 PISTILLARIA. PTERULA
Flesh white, tough. Spores white, "elliptical, 5 x 3/x" Massee. Dead
stems of herbaceous plants, especially umbellifers. May — Nov. Un-
common.
2471. P. puberula Berk. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 334, fig. 2, as Clavaria
obtusa. Puberula, somewhat downy.
R. 2—6 mm. high, white, obovate, ventricose ; stem short, distinct,
equal, or attenuated upwards, pellucid, tomentose. Flesh white, be-
coming firm. Spores white, "elliptical, 5 x 3/x" Massee. Dead
bracken stems. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2472. P. pusffla (Pers.) Fr. Pusilla, very small.
R. -5—2 mm. high, white, linear, or slightly thickened upwards,
nodding when dry, smooth, even, with no distinct stem. Flesh white,
soft, then firm. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 10 x 4^t; basidia with
2-sterigmata. Dead leaves. Sept. — Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
****Purple.
2473. P. purpurea W. G. Sm. Purpurea, purple.
R. 2 mm. high, purple, obovate. St. whitish. Spores white, 4 x 3/x.
Damp rotten leaves. Rare.
Pterula Fr.
(irrepov, a feather.)
Receptacle firm, tough, filiform, branched, or simple, branches
equal. Hymenium smooth. Spores white, oval, elliptical, or pip-
shaped, smooth; basidia with 2— 4-sterigmata. Cystidia none, or in-
conspicuous. Growing on the ground, or on wood.
2474. P. subulate Fr. Subulata, awl-shaped.
R. 3-4 cm. high, whitish cinereous, densely branched, tense and
straight, equal, except at the attenuated base, tough. Branches be-
coming yellow, growing into each other, multifid at the apex, awl-
shaped, smooth, not thicker than a fine thread. Spores white, "oval,
8-10 x 5-7 /LI" Rabenh. Densely tufted. On wood amongst pines
and in gardens. Uncommon.
2475. P. multifida Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 200, fig. 2. Multifida, many cleft.
R. 2-5-5 cm. high, pallid whitish, then dirty pale yellowish, and
finally brownish, almost black when dried, very much branched, very
delicate, flaccid, but slightly tough. Branches tense and straight, not
much thicker than a hair, heaped as if swept together, subfastigiate,
apex spear-shaped, or crisped. Spores white, pip-shaped, or elliptical,
depressed on one side with a lateral apiculus, 6 x 3/i, contents
granular. Dead branches and running over pine needles. Sept. —
Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
EXOBASIDIUM 725
EXOBASIDUNEAE.
**Parasites.
EXOBASIDIALES.
Hymenium effused, rarely consisting of basidia only. Parasitic on
leaves, etc. (especially Ericaceae).
EXOBASIDIACEAE.
Same characters as the order.
Exobasidium Woronin.
(e£, out of; basidium, a basidium.)
Mycelium vegetating in the interior of the living host, and giving
rise, on the exterior, to basidia. Hymenium discontinuous. Spores
white, elongate fusiform, or oblong reniform, smooth, simple, or
septate; basidia cylindrical, with 4-5-6-sterigmata. Cystidia none.
Parasitic on living leaves and stems.
2476. E. Vaccinii (Fuck.) Woron. (= Exobasidium Andromedae Peck;
Exobasidium Azaleae Peck; Exobasidium Rhododendri Cramer.)
Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. I, 1**, fig. 65.
Vaccinium, whortle-berry.
Galls 1-2 cm., greyish, innate, effused, hypophyllous, or amphigenous,
usually orbicular, or elongated, forming a scurfy or felted hymenium.
Spores white, elongate fusiform, often curved, 10-20 x 2-5-5 /JL, some-
times 1-septate, and becoming 3-septate on germination. Leaves,
young shoots, and flowers of Vaccinium Myrtillus, Vaccinium Vitis-
idaea, Rhododendron ferrugineum, Rhododendron hirsutum, Rhodo-
dendron Wilsonii, and Azalea pontica. May — Oct. Not uncommon.
(v.v.)
2477. E. japonicum Shirai. Japonica, Japanese.
Galls 1-3 cm., subcuticular. Spores oblong-reniform, 14-5 x 4//,.
Leaves and terminal shoots of Rhododendron indicum. Uncommon.
HETEROBASIDIAE.
Basidia longitudinally divided, transversely septate, or simple;
spores on germination producing sporidiola, or a mycelium, but the
former only in the case of the simple basidia.
AURICULARIALES.
Basidia transversely septate, cylindrical, straight, or curved, con-
sisting of either probasidia, or normal basidia. Spores producing
sporidiola, or a mycelium on germination.
726 HELICOBASIDIUM. PLATYGLOEA
1. Parasites, with or without probasidia.
PUCCINIINEAE ~\
COLEOSPOEIINEAE f Not dealt with in the present work.
USTILAGINEAE J
2. Saprophytes, without probasidia.
AURICULARIINEAE.
Hymenium fully exposed from the first.
AURICULARIACEAE.
Same characters as suborder.
Helicobasidium Pat.
(e\t£, twisted; basidium, a basidium.)
Receptacle membranaceous, soft, floccose; effused, incrusting.
Hymenium smooth. Basidia cylindrical, more or less incurved, trans-
versely 2-4-septate, with subulate, unilateral sterigmata. Spores
white, oval, or pear-shaped, smooth, producing, on germination,
either sporidiola, or a mycelium. Growing on humus, or wood.
2478. H. purpureum (Tul.) Pat. (= Corticium lilacinum Quel.) Trans.
Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 7. Purpureum, purple.
R. 3-6 cm., dingy reddish purple, margin paler, broadly effused, in-
crusting, indeterminate, adnate, inseparable. Hymenium concolorous,
then deep vinous colour, and covered with a white pruina. Flesh
whitish, floccose, loose, thin. Spores white, pear-shaped, 10-12 x
6-8 JLI; basidia cylindrical, incurved, 3-5 /u, in diam., 3-septate. Basal
hyphae pale brown, 4-7 (JL in diam., septate, without clamp con-
nections. Half buried ash bough amongst leaf debris. March. Rare.
(v.v.)
Platygloea Schroeter.
(7r\aTv<;, broad; y\oia, glue.)
Receptacle homogeneous, waxy, gelatinous, or coriaceous gela-
tinous, tubercular, wart-like, or consisting of spreading, or erect,
convolute plates. Hymenium smooth, unilateral, or amphigenous;
basidia cylindrical, straight, palisade-like, transversely septate, with
long sterigmata. Spores white, oval, or elliptical, obtuse, or apiculate,
straight, or curved; producing sporidiola on germination. Growing
on dead wood.
2479. P. efiusa Schroet. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 138.
Effusa, spread out.
R. greyish, then whitish, effused, closely adnate, thin, subgelatinous,
firm. Hymenium concolorous, pulverulent under a lens. Spores white,
smooth, elliptical, or ovate, with an oblique apiculus, 7-8-10 x 4-5 /x;
AURICULARIA 727
basidia elongate, cylindrical, wavy, apex frequently incurved, and
almost circinate, transversely 4-septate, 40-50 x 4-5 /*. Subhymenial
hyphae thin, guttulate, l-2ju, in diam., arising erect and parallel from
a compact, pseudoparenchymatous basal stratum of broader hyphae,
4-5 /A in diam. Fallen branches. June. Rare.
Auricularia (Bull.) (= Hirneola Fr. p.p.).
(Auricula, the ear.)
Receptacle gelatinous-coriaceous, cartilaginous when dry; dimi-
diate, or cup-shaped, substipitate, or sessile; consisting of three
layers, the upper layer thin and compact, very rarely glabrous,
generally tomentose with thick, cylindrical, simple, erect or decum-
bent hairs, the intermediate layer consisting of thin, gelatinous hyphae
forming a compact tissue, and the lower layer forming the hymenium.
Hymenium smooth, reticulate, or ribbed, fully exposed from the first.
Basidia cylindrical, transversely 3-septate, with long, thin sterigmata,
and forming a firm, palisade-like layer. Spores white, cylindrical,
oblong, or subreniform, producing sporidiola on germination. Grow-
ing on wood.
2480. A. mesenterica (Dicks.) Fr. RoUand, Champ, t. 106, no. 242.
yu-eo-o?, middle; evrepov, intestine.
R. 5-30 cm., fuscous cinereous, grey, or tawny, resupinate, often
cup-shaped, then confluent and reflexed, imbricate, flexuose, villose,
fasciato-zoned. Hymenium pale, or greyish, then fuscous violaceous,
costato-plicate, pruinose with the spores. Flesh fuscous, gelatinous,
then cartilaginous. Spores white, cylindrical, curved, 17-20 x 6-7 /x,
1-3-guttulate. Stumps and felled trunks, especially elm. Jan. — Dec.
Common, (v.v.)
var. lobata (Sommerf.) Quel. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 18, fig. 1, as
Auricularia lobata. Lobata, lobed.
Differs from the type in the lobed margin of the p. Stumps. Jan. —
Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2481. A. auricula- Judae (Linn.) Schroet. (= Hirneola auricula- Judae
(Linn.) Berk.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 18, fig. 7, as Hirneola
auricula- Judae. Auricula, ear; Judae, of a Jew.
R. 2-8 cm., grey, then olivaceous, or brownish, and finally black,
cup-shaped, hemispherical, concave, then ear-shaped, flexuose, pli-
cate, transparent, tomentose with subbulbous hairs. Hymenium pale,
then greyish and finally fuscous, smooth, then venoso-plicate. Flesh
whitish, gelatinous, then cartilaginous, tough. Spores white, oblong,
or cylindrical, curved, 16-20 x 6-9/A, often 2-guttulate. Edible.
Common on old elders, more rarely on beech, elm, oak, walnut, willow,
holly and Berber is arcuata. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
728 AURICULABIA. EOCRONARTITJM. STILBUM
2482. A. polytricha (Mont.) Pat. (= Hirneola polytricha Mont.)
Jungh. Fl. Crypt. Jav. Ins. t. 13, as Exidia purpurascens.
TroXvOpii;, with much hair.
R. 2-8 cm., greyish, cup-shaped, hemispherical, then expanded and
ear-shaped, sessile, or extended behind into a short, oblique stem;
margin undulate, densely covered on the outside with long, obtuse,
greyish or tawny hairs, 400 x 5-9 fj,. Hymenium pale, then brownish
purple, and finally becoming blackish, smooth. Flesh pale, or brownish,
subgelatinous, then horny, tough, elastic, thick. Spores white, sub-
reniform, "20-22 x 8/z," Sacc.; basidia cylindrical, 85-90 x 6-7 p,
3-septate. Wooden fire blocks. April — Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Eocronartium Atkinson
(= Clavaria p.p. ; Helicobasidium sec. Pat.).
(970)9, dawn; cronartium, the genus Cronartium.)
Receptacle subgelatinous, tough, filamentous, erect, filiform, or subu-
late. Hymenium smooth. Basidia cylindrical, transversely 3-septate.
Spores white, continuous, producing a mycelium on germination.
Growing on mosses.
2483. E. muscicola (Pers.) Fitzpat. (= Typhula muscicola (Pers.) Fr.)
Pers. Obs. Myc. n, t. 3, fig. 2, as Clavaria muscicola Pers.
Muscus, moss; colo, I inhabit.
R. 5-7-5 cm. high, white, simple, filiform, clavate, club cylindrical,
attenuated into a thin, long, smooth st., obtuse, 2-4 mm. thick. Flesh
white, thin. Spores white, " fusoid, curved or inequilateral, granular,
18-24 x 3-5-5 ju," Atk. Basidia cylindrical, "curved, or more or less
sinuous, 25-40 x 6-9/x, 3-5-septate. Sterigmata flexuous elongate,
usually 10-20 x 3-4ja" Atk. Mosses. Aug. — Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
Stilbum (Tode) Juel.
(o-Tt'X/3&>, I shine.)
Receptacle erect, globose, stipitate. Hymenium consisting of
branched threads terminated by a basidium. Basidia short, pear-
shaped, transversely 1-septate. Spores white, elliptical. Growing on
dead wood.
2484. S. vulgare (Tode) Juel. Tode, Fung. Mecklenb. t. 2, fig. 16.
Vulgare, common.
R. 1-2 mm. high, white, then yellowish, globose. St. concolorous,
becoming thinner upwards, fibrous, smooth. Spores white, "ellip-
tical, hyaline, 8 x 5-6 /n" Massee. Rotten wood, oak cupules, etc.
Sept. — Nov. Common, (v.v.)
ECCHYNA. TREMELLA 729
ECCHYNINEAE.
Hymenium inclosed within a peridium.
ECCHYNACEAE.
Same characters as suborder.
Ecchyna Fr.
(eK'xyvw, I pour out.)
Peridium fibrillose, subglobose, stipitate, or substipitate, thin, fuga-
cious. Gleba threads radiating, branched, flexuose at the ends. Basidia
cylindrical, straight, or curved, transversely 3-septate ; bearing sessile,
or very short pedicellate spores; scattered, or in tufts on the lower
portions of the threads. Spores fawn colour, elliptical, or subglobose,
smooth, producing sporidiola on germination. Growing on wood.
2485. E. faginea (B. & Br.) Fr. (= Pilacre faginea B. & Br.; Pilacre
Petersii Berk. & Curt.1) B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 380, 1. 11,
fig. 5, as Pilacre faginea. Faginea, pertaining to beech.
P. 3-6 mm. high, 1-3 mm. across, whitish, or fawn colour, forming
a globose head, smooth, then pulverulent. St. concolorous, or be-
coming block with age. Flesh fawn colour, floccose, loose. Spores fawn
colour, elliptical, or subglobose, depressed or umbilicate on the one
side, 5-6 x 4-5 /u,; basidia cylindrical, 3-septate. Hyphae concolorous,
3-4 /A in diam., with numerous clamp connections. Beech, ash, horn-
beam, and holly. Sept. — Jan. Not uncommon.
TREMELLALES.
Basidia subglobose, longitudinally, or vertically, cruciately divided
into 2—4 parts. Spores producing sporidiola or a mycelium on germina-
tion.
TBEMELLACEAE.
Same characters as the order.
Tremella (Dill.) Fr.
(Tremo, I tremble.)
Receptacle gelatinous, or waxy, soft; foliaceous, brain-like, or
tubercular. Hymenium spread over the whole surface, very rarely
papillate. Basidia amphigenous, superficial, or immersed. Conidia
on the same receptacle, preceding, or accompanying the spores.
Spores white, rarely yellowish, globose, subglobose, oval, elliptical,
1 Bayliss- Elliott and Grove hazard the opinion that both these species are
only conidial forms of Boeder ia pallida Sacc., but the transversely septate
basidia, and frequent clamp connections of the hyphae seem to disprove this
conclusion.
730 TREMELLA
or pyriform; smooth, or punctate; producing sporidiola on germina-
tion, or tufts of conidia, that bud in a yeast-like manner. Hyphae
filamentous, thin, gelatinous, sometimes inclosing mineral concretions,
which form an irregular central nucleus. Growing on wood, rarely on
the ground.
I. Foliaceous, divided up into lobes, and variously twisted.
2486. T. fimbriata (Pers.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 272, as Tre-
mella verticalis. Fimbriata, fringed.
R. 5-7'5 cm. high and broad, olivaceous, inclining to black, erect,
corrugated; lobes flaccid, incised at the margin, undulato-fimbriate.
Flesh gelatinous, very soft. Spores white, " subpyrif orm " Massee,
"5-7 /x long" Moll. Caespitose. Darkening water when soaked in it,
and staining the fingers black. Dead branches, especially alder. Nov.
—Feb. Rare.
2487. T. frondosa Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 499, fig. T, as Tre-
mella quercina. Frondosa, leafy.
R. 10-12 cm., yellow inclining to pale, or pale pinkish yellow, spathu-
late, or tongue-shaped, large, even, plicate at the base; lobes gyroso-
undulated. Flesh concolorous, gelatinous, thin, except at the base.
Spores white, subglobose, apiculate at the base, 8-10/z, 1-2-guttu-
late. Caespitose. Stumps, and fallen branches, especially oak. July —
Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2488. T. foliacea (Pers.) Fr. non Bref. Bres. Fung. Trid. n, t. 209,
fig. 1. Foliacea, leafy.
R. 3-10 cm., cinnamon flesh colour, rarely deep brown, or tinged
umber violaceous, very much lobed and waved, segments thin, springing
from a plicate base. Flesh paler, gelatinous, subdiaphanous. Spores
white, minutely punctate, globose, 5-7 /LI; basidia 15-16 x 10-14/A.
Hyphae 1-4/x in diam. Caespitose. Coniferous stumps, and branches,
more rarely on deciduous trees. July — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2489. T. lutescens Pers. Pers. Icon, et Descr. t. 8, fig. 9.
Lutescens, becoming yellow.
R. 1—3 cm., yellowish, tubercular, then undulato-gyrose, lobes entire,
naked. Flesh yellowish, gelatinous, subdeliquescent, pellucid. Spores
white, "oval elliptic, 10-16 x 7-10/u, 1-pluri-guttulate ; basidia ovoid,
19-25 x 17-18/i. Hyphae 1-3/x in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Stumps,
and fallen branches. Aug. — May. Common, (v.v.)
II. Brain-like, with obtuse, and twisted veins.
2490. T. mesenterica (Retz.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 105, no. 237.
/ie<ro9, middle; evrepov, intestine.
R. 1-8 cm., orange,, variously contorted, brain-like, plicato-undu-
TREMELLA 731
late, gyrose, pruinose with the spores. Flesh concolorous, gelatinous,
becoming firm, tough. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 13-14 x
7-8 (JL; "basidia 15-20 x 12-18 fj,. Conidia ovoid globose, 3-5 /u. in
diam. Hyphae 2-3/u in diam." BoUrd. & Galz. Dead branches, sticks,
rails, furze, broom, and ivy. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2491. T. vesicaria Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 2451. Vesicaria, bladdery.
R. 5 cm. high and broad, pallid, or yellowish, erect, undulated,
gyrose. Flesh pale, bladdery, very viscid. Spores "11 x 6/u"B. &Br.
On the ground. Sept. Rare.
2492. T. albida (Huds.) Fr. Engl. Bot. t. 2117. (= Dacryomyces
hyalinus Pers. sec. Quel.) Albida, whitish.
R. 1-4 cm., whitish, hyaline, becoming brownish, erumpent, undu-
lated, somewhat gyrose, pruinose. Flesh whitish, gelatinous, sub-
diaphanous, fairly thick. Spores white, globose, often with an obtuse
apiculus at the base, 9-10/u,; "basidia 12-23 x 12-15, with 100/i and
more long sterigmata" Bourd. & Galz. Hyphae hyaline, 2-3 p in
diam., with a few clamp connections. Fallen branches, sticks and
rails. Sept. — May. Common, (v.v.)
III. Crustaceous, effused, smooth.
2493. T. epigaea B. & Br. (= Sebacina laciniata (Bull.) Bres. f. epigaea
B. & Br. sec. Bourd. & Maire.) Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, u, t. 9,
fig. 3. €7rt7ato9, upon the earth.
R. 3-10 cm., white, effused, gyroso-plicate, sprinkled with the white
spores. Flesh white, gelatinous, thin. Spores white, subglobose, 6 x 4/n.
Naked soil. Aug. — Sept. Rare.
IV. Tubercular, small, suberumpent.
2494. T. violacea (Relh.) Fr. Violacea, violet.
R. 3-8 mm., violaceous, becoming black when dry, erumpent, sub-
compressed, gyrose. Flesh paler, gelatinous, then firm, 2 mm. thick.
Spores "cream citron, punctate, ovoid, 5/z" Quel. Gregarious. Pear
trunks. Rare.
2495. T. indecorata Sommerf. Fr. Icon. t. 200, fig. 4.
Indecorata, ugly.
R. 4-30 mm., dingy, livid, or olivaceous, becoming fuscous, black
fuscous when dry, erumpent, convex when moist, then plicate. Flesh
dingy, gelatinous, then firm, opaque. Spores white, globose, 6-9/z,
minutely punctate. Birch, oak, willow, and poplar. Oct. — Nov. Rare.
732 TREMELLA
2496. T. moriformis Berk. (= Tremella nigrescens (Fr.) Quel.) Engl.
Bot. t. 2446. Morus, mulberry ; forma, shape.
R. 1-2-5 cm., mulberry black, erumpent, spherical, sinuous. Flesh
deep violet, translucent, subgelatinous, firm. Spores "subglobose,
apiculate, 5 x 4ju," Massee. Stains paper violet, and gives a purple
colour when treated with potash. Dead branches of maple, chestnut,
Robinia, elm, and plane. June — Feb. Rare.
2497. T. tubercularia Berk. Tuberculum, a tubercle.
R. 4—8 mm. high, dingy white, nearly black when dry, erumpent,
stipitate, headpileate. St. short, round. Flesh semi-transparent, horny.
Spores " subglobose, with a large, obtuse, lateral apiculus, 5-7 x 5-8/t"
Bourd. & Maire. Conidia straight, or slightly curved, 2 x -5/x. Fallen
branches, especially oak. Oct. — Dec. Frequent, (v.v.)
T. torta Berk. = Dacryomyces tortus (Berk.) Massee.
2498. T. versicolor Berk. Versicolor, changeable in colour.
R. 2-3 mm., orange, at length brown, orbicular, tear-like, convex.
Flesh gelatinous, firm. Spores white, "broadly elliptical, apiculate,
6 x 4/Lt" Massee. Peniophora nuda, ash, and briar. Feb. — May. Un-
2499. T. atrovirens Fr. Ater, black; wrens, green.
R. 1-6 mm., sooty green when moist, blackish when dry, erumpent,
pulvinate, gregarious, minutely papillate and rugose. Spores white,
"elliptical, 10-12 x 7-9 p; basidia 21-25 x 8-15/>t. Hyphae 1-2 /u, in
diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead broom branches. Oct. Rare.
2500. T. clavata (Pers.) Berk. (? = the conidial form of Coryne sar-
coides (Jacq.) Tul.) Pers. Icon. Pict. t. 10, fig. 2.
Clavata, club-shaped.
R. 2-5 cm. high, 4 mm. broad, reddish flesh colour, becoming black
at the base, club-shaped, solitary, simple, slightly twisted. Stumps.
Rare.
T. sarcoides Sm. = Coryne sarcoides (Jacq.) Tul.
T.foliicola Fuck. ? = Hypocrea rufa (Pers.) Fr. sec. W. G. Sm.
V. With a firm, hard nucleus.
2501. T. encephala (Willd.) Quel. (= Naematelia encephala (Willd.)
Fr.) Willd. Bot. Mag. I, t. 4, fig. 14, as Tremella encephala
Willd. eV, in; «e$a\»7, head.
R. 1-3 cm., pallid flesh colour, pulvinate, subsessile, diaphanous,
plicato-rugose, white pruinose, rooting. Nucleus white, large, hard.
TREMELLA. PHAEOTREMELLA. GTJEPINIA 733
Spores white, "pear-shaped, or subglobose, 12-16 x 10/x, or 9-10//,"
Karst. Solitary, or clustered. Conifer branches. Sept. — March. Not
uncommon, (v.v.)
2502. T. rubiformis (Fr.) Quel. (= Naematelia rubiformis FT.) Corda,
Icon, i, fig. 299, A. Rubus, blackberry ; forma, shape.
R. 4-5 mm., yellow, hemispherical, subsessile, gyroso-tuberculose.
Nucleus small. Dead branches, twigs, and moss. Oct. Rare.
2503. T. virescens (Schum.) Quel. (= Naematelia virescens Cda. sec.
Fr.) Corda, Icon, in, t. 6, fig. 90, as Naematelia virescens Cda.
Virescens, becoming green.
R. 5-6 mm., greenish, suborbicular, sessile, depressed, gyroso-
tubercular. Flesh subgelatinous. Spores white, "elliptical, apiculate,
18 x 11/i " Massee. Rotten wood, furze, ivy. Jan. — Dec. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
Phaeotremella Rea.
(<£ato9, dark; tremella, the genus Tremella.)
Same characters as Tremella, but the spores dark coloured.
2504. P. pseudofoliacea Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 20.
i/reuS?79, false ;foliacea, the species T.foliacea.
R. 4-10 cm., somewhat cinnamon, very much lobed, undulate,
smooth, plicate at the base. Flesh concolorous, gelatinous, sub-
diaphanous. Spores umber, globose, or broadly obovate, 12 x 9-12/t.
Conidia hyaline, elliptical, 9 x 6/4. Stumps, and posts. May — Nov.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
Guepinia Fr. (= Gyrocephalus Pers.).
(Jean Pierre Guepin, a celebrated botanist.)
Receptacle gelatinous, firm, erect, ear-shaped, spathulate, or in-
fundibuliform, substipitate, or sessile. Hymenium inferior, smooth,
or indistinctly veined. Basidia ovoid, vertically cruciately divided
into one or two compartments, with long sterigmata. Spores white,
oblong, or oval, smooth, producing sporidiola on germination. Grow-
ing on the ground, and on wood.
2505. G. helvelloides (DC.) Fr. (= Gyrocephalus rufus (Jacq.) Bref.)
Rolland, Champ, t. 105, no. 240, as Guepinia rufa.
Helvella, a genus of fungi; etSo9, like.
R. 5-10 cm. high, 4-6 cm. broad, rosy orange, becoming red, erect,
variable in form, subspathulate, deeply infundibuliform, like Cra-
terellus cornucopioides, substipitate, or sessile, diaphanous, entire, or
lobed. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or slightly wrinkled, white
734 EXIDIA
pruinose. Flesh reddish, gelatinous, then cartilaginous, firm. Spores
white, oblong, depressed on one side, 10-12 x 4-5 /n; "basidia ovoid,
or oblong, 16-21 x 10-12ju,. Subhymenial hyphae granular, 1'5-3/n
in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Under conifers. Sept. — Oct. Uncommon.
(«&)
Exidia Fr.
(e£tStw, I exude.)
Receptacle gelatinous, soft, pellucid; globose, or hemispherical,
marginate, substipitate, or sessile, sterile on the upper surface. Hy-
menium inferior, smooth, reticulately veined, foliaceous, even, or
papillose with short, sterile papillae. Basidia deeply immersed in the
gelatinous hyphae, and covered by a layer traversed by the sterigmata.
Spores white, rarely tinged brownish, allantoid, cylindrical, or oblong,
smooth, producing on germination, either strongly curved, or straight
and rod-like sporidiola, or bunches of cylindrical conidia. Growing on
wood.
I. Spores on germination giving rise to strongly
curved sporidiola.
2506. E. truncate Fr. Truncata, cut off.
R. 1-2 cm. high and broad, brown bistre, truncato-plane, hemi-
spherical, soft, rough with dots, or granular beneath. St. concolorous,
very short, becoming cavernous. Hymenium very black, shining,
glandular with concolorous papillae. Flesh brownish, gelatinous, not
becoming swollen when moistened. Spores "white, very rarely tinged
with brownish bistre, cylindrical, curved, 14—20 x 4-5-6 /z; basidia
ovoid, 13-18 x 11-13/u,. Hyphae 1-3 fj, in diam., septate, with clamp
connections " Bourd. & Galz. Lime, and willow branches. Dec. Rare.
2507. E. intumescens (Sm.) Rea. (= Tremella intumescens Sm.) Engl.
Bot. t. 1870, as Tremella intumescens.
Intumescens, swollen up.
R. 2-5 cm., brown, becoming black when dry, rounded, or conglo-
merate, somewhat tortuously lobed, resembling the intestines of some
animal, obsoletely punctate. Flesh whitish, streaked with fuscous, gela-
tinous, shrivelling to a mere skin when dry. Spores white, "oblong,
slightly curved, 13 x 4/i" Karst. Fallen beech trunks, branches, and
rails. Oct. — Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2508. E. recisa (Ditm.) Fr. Ditm. in Sturm's Deutschl. Fl. i, t. 13,
as Tremella recisa Ditm. Recisa, cut off.
R. 1-3 cm., fuscous amber colour, truncato-plane, hemispherical, or
obconical, somewhat repand, rough with dots beneath. St. con-
colorous, short, oblique, excentric. Hymenium brighter coloured, plane,
often veined. Flesh concolorous, gelatinous, soft, subdiaphanous.
Spores white, oblong, or cylindrical, curved, 15-18 x 4-5/t. Willow,
sloe, and poplar branches. Sept. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
EXIDIA 735
2509. E. glandulosa (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 420, fig. 1.
Glandulosa, full of glands.
R. 5-10 cm., blackish, globose, or lens-shaped, truncate, or pendu-
lous, somewhat plane, undulate, cinereous and subtomentose beneath,
feeling like black crape. Hymenium concolorous, studded with conical
papillae. Flesh blackish, gelatinous, diaphanous, soft. Spores white,
oblong, or cylindrical, curved, 12-15 x 4-5 ju,; basidia ovoid, 15-21 x
9-11 /A. Hyphae 1-3 //, in diam., with clamp connections. Dead
branches, especially bine. Aug. — May. Common, (v.v.)
2510. E. nucleata (Schwein.) Rea. (= Naematelia nucleata (Schwein.)
Fr.; Tremella gemmata Lev. sec Quel.; Exidia gemmata (Lev.)
Bourd. & Maire.) Demid. Exped. t. 4, fig. 1, as Tremella gemmata
Lev. Nucleata, having a kernel.
R. 2-10 mm., hyaline, or tinged with amethyst or lilac, then opaline
and finally brick or flesh colour, date brown when dry, tubercular, round,
then pulvinate and undulato-plicate, finally effused, and confluent,
4-5 cm., either inclosing a whitish separable core of oxalate of lime,
or without a core (Tremella hyalina Pers.). Spores white, cylindrical,
more or less curved, 10-14 x 5-7 fj,; basidia ovoid, 12-16 x 9-12jtt.
Hyphae 1-5-3/i in diam. with indistinct clamp connections. Rotten
wood, and fallen branches. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2511. E. Thuretiana (Lev.) Fr. G. Thuret.
R. 1-4 cm., opalescent when fresh, sometimes tinged with pink, effused
in thick, undulating, pulvinate, or tuberculate patches, firm, gela-
tinous. Hymenium concolorous, pruinose, finally collapsing into a
thin, horny, yellowish film. Spores hyaline, cylindrical, curved, 15-
20 x 5-7 //,; basidia longitudinally septate, 15-21 x 11-15/z. Hyphae
1-2-5 p, in diam. Underside of sticks, especially beech. Jan. — May.
Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2512. E. viscosa (Berk.) Rea. (= Tremella viscosa Berk.) Boud. Icon.
t. 180, as Tremella viscosa Berk. Viscosa, sticky.
R. 1-4 cm., white, with a greyish, or violaceous tinge, flattened, un-
dulate, smooth, slightly viscid; margin more or less sinuate. Flesh
whitish, gelatinous, diaphanous, somewhat thin. Spores white, oblong,
or sausage-shaped, often curved, 16-22 x 6-7 /A. Rotten wood, and
fallen branches. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
II. Spores on germination giving rise to straight,
or rod-like sporidiola.
2513. E. saccharina Fr. (= Ulocolla saccharina (Fr.) Bref.)
Saccharina, like sugar.
R. 3-8 cm., tawny cinnamon, or the colour of crystallised sugar,
736 EXIDIA. TREMELLODON. PROTODONTIA
effused, tubercular, gyroso-undulated, sprinkled with a few minute,
obtuse, vanishing papillae. Flesh thick. Spores white, "cylindrical,
curved, 12-18 x 4-5-6 /A; basidia ovoid, 15-22 x 9-12/A. Hyphae 1-3 p
in diam., with clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Coniferous trunks,
and branches. Nov. Uncommon.
var. foliacea (Bref.) Bres. (= Ulocolla foliacea Bref.) Bref. Unters.
Heft vn, t. vi, fig. 2. Foliacea, leafy.
Differs from the type in its larger size, and lobes. Coniferous trunks,
and branches. Nov. Uncommon.
Tremellodon Pers.
(Tremo, I tremble; oScov, a tooth.)
Eeceptacle gelatinous, soft, dimidiate, or spathulate, substipitate,
or sessile. Hymenium covering fertile spines or teeth. Basidia glo-
bose, or ovoid, longitudinally cruciately septate. Spores white, sub-
globose, smooth, producing a mycelium on germination. Growing on
wood.
2514. T. gelatinosum (Scop.) Pers. Boud. Icon. t. 178.
Gelatinosum, jelly-like.
R. 3-6 cm., glaucous fuscous, or tawny brownish, dimidiate, spathu-
late, or fan-shaped, rounded in front, attenuated behind, sessile or
substipitate, surface papillose. Spines white, or glaucous, 2-4 mm.
long, conical, straight, gelatinous. Flesh hyaline, gelatinous, trans-
parent, thick. Spores white, subglobose, 4— 7/u,, multi-guttulate ;
basidia globose, longitudinally septate, 14-18 x 10-12/A, with 2-4-
sterigmata. Edible. Coniferous stumps and on the ground. Sept. —
Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
Protodontia von Hoehn.
(Trpcoro?, first; 0801)5, a tooth.)
Like the genus Odontia in appearance, but possessing vertically
septate basidia. Growing on wood.
2515. P. uda von Hoehn. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, p. 69, text-figs.
Uda, moist.
R. 1-2 cm., pure white and slightly hyaline when fresh, yellowish
when dry, effused, indeterminate, very soft and delicate. Spines
hyaline, then yellowish and collapsing, slender, acute up to 400 /n long,
100-150/M wide at the base. Flesh very thin, sometimes almost
wanting, white and mealy when dry. Spores white, elliptical, one
side flattened, 6-8(-9) x 3-4 ju,; basidia globose, immersed, vertically
septate, 7-8/x in diam., with 2-4-sterigmata, 8-10 x 1-5/n. Hyphae
very fine and closely adherent. Very soft, rotten wood. Dec. Rare.
SEBACINA 737
Sebacina Tu]. (= Thelephora (Ehrb.) Fr. p.p.).
(Sebacina, greasy.)
Receptacle coriaceous, gelatinous, membranaceous, waxy, floccose, or
pulverulent, resupinate, effused, adnate, or crustaceous, and with the
habit of a Corticium. Hymenium smooth, or papillose. Basidia longi-
tudinally, cruciately divided, close together, or scattered, sometimes
intermixed with the conidiophores. Spores white, cylindrical, oval,
oblong, reniform or globose, smooth; producing sporidiola, or bunches
of conidia on germination. Growing on the ground, or on wood.
Subgenus Eusebacina Rea.
(eS, typical; Sebacina, the genus Sebacina.)
2516. S. incrustans (Pers.) Tul. (= Thekphora sebacea (Pers.) Fr.;
Thekphora cristata (Pers.) Fr.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 17,
fig. 6, as Thelephora sebacea. Incrustans, covering with a coat.
R. 5-10 cm. high, whitish, effused, incrusting, very variable in form,
tubercular, or resembling stalactites, apices somewhat subulate, or
fringed. Hymenium whitish, even, flocculoso-pruinose. Flesh whitish
waxy, then coriaceous, firm, loose. Spores white, oblong, curved or
flattened on the one side, 11-13 x 4-5 p, often guttulate; "basidia
ovoid, 15-20 x 12-15jLt. Hyphae firm, 2-5-3/u, in diam." Bourd. &
Galz. Incrusting grass, twigs, stems, mosses, leaves, etc. Feb. — Nov.
Common, (v.v.)
2517. S. calcea (Pers.) Bres. (= ? Corticium calceum (Pers.) Fr.) Bres.
Fung. Trid. t. 175. Calcea, limy.
R. 3-10 cm., shining white, or chalk white becoming somewhat buff
or greyish, effused, closely adnate, crustaceous, slightly pulverulent;
margin mealy, thinner. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or papillose
and somewhat tuberculose, at length cracked. Flesh whitish, sub-
gelatinous, floccose. Spores white, "reniform, curved, 15-16 x 7-8 /A;
basidia at first globose, then more elongated and longitudinally,
cruciately septate, 18-25 x 12-16^, with sterigmata 30 x 3-4/i"
Wakef. "Paraphyses branched at the apex into very fine branches,
loaded with minute granules. Basal hyphae 2/x, in diam., the wall
gelatinously modified" Burt. Bark and dead wood. Sept. — April.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
2518. S. fugacissima Bourd. & Galz. Fugacissima, very fleeting.
R. -5-2 cm., greyish, effused in a very thin, mucous, hyaline film,
which disappears completely on drying, or leaves only a slightly
glistening trace barely visible under a lens. Spores hyaline, cylindrical,
curved, 4-5 x 2-5-4 /z; basidia longitudinally septate, 6-7 x 5-6 /LI.
Basal hyphae, thin walled, 2-3/t in diam. Very rotten wood. Feb.
Rare.
B.B.B. 47
738 SEBACINA. EICHLERIELLA
Subgenus Heterochaetella Bourd.
(ere/309, different; ^airr), hair.)
Differs from Eusebacina in the hymenium possessing true cystidia.
2519. S. (Heteroch.) crystallina Bourd. in Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vn,
text fig. 2, p. 52. Kpvcrrd\\ivo<;, crystalline.
R. *5— 2 cm., hyaline, indeterminate, interruptedly effused, ceraceo-
gelatinous, transparent, then collapsed and depressed, very thin,
rough with hyaline setae under a lens', margin similar, or less con-
tinuous and reticulate. Spores hyaline, subglobose, or obovate, more
or less apiculate at the base, (4)-4-5-6 x (3)-4-5ju, often 1-guttulate,
germinating laterally or at the apiculus and then truly elongate, or
conical; basidia obovate, or subglobose, 8-12 x 6-9 /A, longitudinally
septate, with 2-4 subulate sterigmata, 5-6/A and finally up to 15/u,
long. Cystidia scattered, or fasciculate, cylindrical, obtuse, 60-180 x
7— 12/x, projecting 10-45/u, above the hymenium, thin walled. Very
rotten pine and jumper wood. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
Subgenus Bourdotia Bres.
(L'abbe H. Bourdot, the eminent French mycologist.)
Receptacle waxy or pulverulent, entirely resupinate, with the habit
of a Corticium, possessing tubular, thin walled gloeocystidia, filled
with a coloured juice, and rising perpendicularly in the hyphae.
2520. S. (Bour.) Eyrei Wakefield. (= Gloeocystidium croceotingens
Wakef. sec. Bres.)
Rev. W. L. W. Eyre, a former President of the British Myco-
logical Society.
R. 2-6 cm., hyaline grey, becoming whitish grey when dry, broadly
and irregularly effused, closely adnate. Hymenium concolorous,
smooth, or here and there tuberculate. Flesh very thin, 40-45 p
thick. Spores white, globose, 4-6 p.; basidia at first obovate, con-
tinuous, at length longitudinally, cruciately divided into 4 parts,
10-13 x 7-8 /it, with 4 curved sterigmata, 7-9 x 1-5/z (at the base).
Gloeocystidia very numerous, arising from the base, not or scarcely
projecting, cylindrical, or subfusiform, 25-35 x 5-7 /A, filled with a
granular, yellow olivaceous juice. Vegetative hyphae either thin and
hyaline, or red brown, thicker walled, 3-6ju, in diam., frequently
septate, sometimes almost moniliform. The coloured hyphae often
stain the wood a bright orange-red. Decorticated beech log. May —
Oct. Rare.
Eichleriella Bres.
(Bogumil Eichler.)
Receptacle coriaceous, waxy, or membranaceous, subgelatinous,
cup-shaped, or plano-concave, rarely pendulous; margin free. Hy-
menium smooth, rugulose, or Radulum-like. Basidia globose-ovoid,
EICHLERIELLA. TULASNELLA 739
longitudinally, cruciately divided, with 2-4-sterigmata. Spores white,
cylindrical, or oblong, smooth, producing sporidiola on germination.
Growing on wood.
2521. E. spinulosa (Berk. & Curt.) Burt. (= Radulum spinulosum
Berk. & Curt.; Radulum deglubens B. & Br.; Eichleriella Kmetii
Bres. ; Stereum rufum Eng. Auth. non Fr. sec. Wakefield.)
Spinulosa, full of little thorns.
R. 3-6 cm., flesh colour, then wood brown, longitudinally and broadly
effused, confluent, separable; margin white, free, or reflexed, tomen-
tose beneath. Hymenium concolorous, pruinose, becoming red when
Tubbed, usually bearing tubercles, distant, simple, or multifid. Flesh
concolorous, coriaceous, soft, thick. Spores white, oblong, sub-
cylindrical, curved, very obtuse, 15-18 x 6-10/z; basidia longitu-
dinally septate, clavate, then fusiform, 30-45 x 9— 12/n, with 2-3-,
rarely 4-sterigmata ; paraphyses brown at the apex. Dead branches
of ash, and poplar. Sept. — March. Uncommon.
TULASNELLALES.
Basidia subglobose, simple, with 2-4 very thick, stout sterigmata.
Spores white, producing sporidiola on germination. Hymenium fully
exposed from the first.
TULASNELLACEAE.
Same characters as the order.
Tulasnella Schroet.
(L. R. and C. Tulasne, the eminent French mycologists.)
Receptacle fleshy membranaceous, or gelatinous, then cartilagi-
nous, resupinate, effused. Hymenium smooth, or plicate. Basidia
globose, with 2-4 very thick, stout sterigmata, at first obtuse, then
becoming elongated and filiform, springing from the apex, or the side
of the basidia. Spores white, globose, ovoid, elliptical, pyriform, or
pip-shaped, smooth, producing conidia or a mycelium on germina-
tion. Growing on wood, and humus.
2522. T. violea (Quel.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hypochnus violeus Quel.)
Violea, violet.
R. 2-10 cm., lilac violet, or rosy lilac, becoming rosy greyish or de-
coloured when dry, broadly effused; margin brighter coloured, byssoid.
Hymenium concolorous, membranaceous, tomentose. Flesh mem-
branaceous, very thin. Spores (or sterigmata) white, elliptical, 6 x
4 /A, "globose or almost globose, 5-7-5-10 x 4-5-6-5-8 /z, basidia
oboval, globose, 9-12 x 8-10/u. Hyphae thin walled, 3-6 /i" Bourd.
& Galz. Dead wood. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.)
2523. T. incarnate JueL Incarnata, flesh colour.
R. 1-3 cm., bright pink, effused, forming irregular, small patches.
Hymenium concolorous, continuous, membranaceous. Flesh mem-
47—2
740 TULASNELLA. DACRYOMYCES
branaceous, very thin. Spores white, pyriform, or pip-shaped, 8-11 x
5-7 /n; basidia obovate or clavate, 9/x in diam. Sterigmata (or sessile
spores according to Juel) usually 4, but sometimes 3 or 5, at first
obovate, or elliptical, 10-13 x 5-7-5/^, at length with a terminal
elongation, 7-17 x 1-2-5/n. Hyphae 3/j, in diam. Fallen branches of
oak. Sept.— Oct. Eare. (v.v.)
2524. T. tremeUoides Wakef. & Pears. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi,
text-figs., p. 70. Tremella, the genus Tremella, eZSo?, like.
R. 1-30 cm., purple, becoming blockish when dry, broadly effused;
margin concolorous. Hymenium concolorous, undulately plicate. Flesh
pale purplish, gelatinous, then horny, finally collapsing into a thin
film. Spores white, elliptical, depressed on one side, laterally apicu-
late at the base, 8-10 x 4-5-5-5/z; basidia clavate, 15-18 x 6-5-7 /x,
with 4-sterigmata ; sterigmata at first oblong, granular inside, 15 x
3-3'5/i, at length collapsed, up to 20/x long. Subhymenial hyphae,
6-8/x in diam., basal hyphae pale purplish, 4/x, in diam. Pine needles,
at the base of a stump. Nov. Rare.
CALOCERALES.
Basidia cylindrical, becoming forked with two long, pointed sterig-
mata. Hymenium fully exposed from the first. Spores always be-
coming septate on germination, and producing from each cell either
one sporidiolum, or a bunch of conidia.
CALOCERACEAE.
Same characters as the order.
Dacryomyces Nees.
(Sd/cpvov, a tear; fAvtcr/s, fungus.)
Receptacle gelatinous, or subgelatinous, homogeneous; globose,
subglobose, tuberculate, often becoming cup-shaped, and sometimes
flattened, sessile, rarely stipitate or substipitate. Hymenium smooth,
wrinkled, or folded. Basidia with two long, pointed sterigmata. Spores
white, or yellowish, oblong, cylindrical, ovoid, subelliptical, or ovato-
triangular; simple, transversely septate, or muriform. Receptacles
producing conidia, globose, consisting of radiating, septate, monili-
form threads. Growing on wood.
*Rosy.
2525. D. macrosporus B. & Br. (= Dacryomyces fragiformis (Pers.)
Fr. sec. Quel.) B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 1374, t. 7, fig. 1.
paicpos, long; cnropd, seed.
R. 6-20 mm., rose colour, tuberculate, rounded, irregularly gyrate.
Flesh gelatinous, diaphanous, firm. Spores white, oblong, 40-50 x
8-1 1/z, 3-5-septate. Conidia elliptical, 14/z. Parasitic on old remains
of Diatrype stigma. Dec. — April. Uncommon.
DACBYOMYCES 741
**Yellow, or orange.
2526. D. deliquescens (Bull.) Duby. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. 455,
fig. 3, as Tremella deliquescens. Deliquescens, dissolving.
R. 2-12 mm., yellow, or orange, somewhat round, convex, then
lens-shaped, immarginate, at length twisted, sessile, sometimes stipi-
tate and root-like. Flesh pale, gelatinous, hyaline. Spores white,
cylindrical, curved, 8-22 x 4-7 ju, becoming 3-septate, "each com-
partment producing 1-2 ovoid sporidiola, 3-4 x 2 /z; basidia 20-45 x
3-5 IJL. Hyphae l-S^u, in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood and fallen
branches. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
var. hyalinus (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Dacryomyces hyalinus (Pers.)
Quel. ; Tremella albida Huds. sec. Quel.) Hyalinus, transparent.
Differs from the type only in being at the first entirely hyaline, then
opaline. Birch. Sept. — May. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2527. D. stfflatus (Nees) Fr. Nees Syst. t. 90. Stillatus, distilled.
R. 2-8 mm., yellow, then orange, colour persistent, globose, then
umbilicate and Peziza-like, somewhat confluent, at length plicate,
sessile, or substipitate, white villose at the base, often yellow pruinose.
Flesh paler, gelatinous, then firm. Spores white, or yellowish, " ovoid,
or oblong, rarely depressed, 18-25 x 7-10/z, 1-pluri-guttulate, gutta
yellow, finally 1 -septate; basidia 50-60 x 7-1 2 /n, filled with orange
granules. Hyphae 1-5-3/x, in diam., with small clamp connections"
Bourd. & Galz. Dead pine branches. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2528. D. chrysocomus (Bull.) Tul. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 376,
fig. 2. as Peziza chrysocoma. ^/overo?, gold; KG/JUT], hair.
R. 2-3 mm., golden, orbicular, spherical when young, immarginate,
soon collapsing, pezizoid, at length flattened, persistently even. Flesh
paler, gelatinous, then cartilaginous, firm. Spores yellowish, "oblong
oval, or subelliptical, incurved especially towards the base, 12-24 x
6-9 p., becoming larger and 10-septate; basidia 45-85 x 4-6 JM. Hyphae
1-5-4 fj, in diam., with clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Coniferous
branches. Jan. — Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
2529. D.tortus (Berk.) Massee.(==TraweWatorto Berk.) Tortus, twisted.
R. 4—8 mm., yellow, or orange, rounded, depressed, gyroso-tubercu-
late. Flesh paler, gelatinous, firm. Spores white, cylindrical, curved,
12 x 4-5 ju, 3-septate. Dead oak branches. Oct. — May. Not un-
common, (v.v.)
2530. D. succineus Fr. (= Peziza electrina Phill. & Plowr.) Boud.
Icon. t. 181. Succineus, amber colour.
R. -5 mm., yellow amber, punctiform, globose, gregarious, forming
patches 3-6 cm. ; margin minutely toothed, paler on the outside.
742 DACRYOMYCES. DITIOLA
Hymenium darker, velvety with the projecting sterigmata. Flesh
subgelatinous. Spores white, oblong, slightly curved, 7-15 x 4-5 p;
basidia with two long sterigmata. Fallen oak branches and pine
leaves. Rare.
***Pallid, or fuscous.
2531. D. sebaceus B. & Br. B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 1305, t. 18,
fig. 2. Sebaceus, like tallow.
R. 4-8 mm., whitish, somewhat round, cup-shaped. Flesh white,
gelatinous, firm. Spores white, ovato-triangular, 14 x 6-8/z. Hyphae
often clavate above. Ash, and maple twigs. Jan. — May. Uncommon.
(9.9.)
2532. D. venniformis B. & Br. B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 700,
t. 3, fig. 1. Vermis, a worm ; /orma, shape.
R. 1 mm., grey, worm-shaped. Sporophores 14//,, spores 6/z. Rotten
wood. April — Sept. Rare.
Ditiola Fr.
(819, twice; touXo?, down.)
Receptacle gelatinous, subgelatinous, sometimes becoming horny,
always firm and becoming indurated in the stem ; cup-shaped, tuber-
cular, or globose, sometimes branched, or lobed; stipitate, or sub-
stipitate. Hymenium discoid, unilateral, smooth. Basidia cylindrical,
with two long sterigmata. Spores white, oblong, cylindrical, ellip-
tical, or elliptic cylindrical, smooth, simple, or 1-3 transversely
septate. Growing on wood.
2533. D. radicate (A. & S.) Fr. (= Femsjonia luteo-alba Fr. sec. Quel.)
Eng. & Prantl. Pflanz. Fam. 1**, p. 98, fig. 63, M-Q.
Radicata, rooted.
R. 2-8 mm., orange, tubercular, then nail-shaped with a distinct
stem, convex, slightly viscid; margin obtuse. St. 3-6 x 2-3 mm., at
first whitish, soon concolorous, rooting. Flesh paler, subgelatinous
above, firm below. Spores white, oblong, cylindrical, rounded at both
ends, 9-10 x 4/x, becoming 1-3-septate; basidia cylindrical. Hyphae
with clamp connections. Dead coniferous branches. Oct. — March.
Uncommon, (v.v.)
2534. D. Ulicis Plowr. (= Femsjonia luteo-albaFT. sec. Lloyd.) Trans.
Brit. Myc. Soc. I, t. 2, figs. 2-6. Ulex, furze.
R. 1-5-5 mm., pale lemon yellow, becoming darker, head globose,
then flattened and wrinkled, at first slightly villose with a thin, white,
hyaline tomentum. St. -5-1 mm., sometimes absent, hyaline-villose
when young. Spores white, elliptico-cylindrical, 15 x 5/z, 4-5-guttu-
late, then cylindrical, with an oblique, large apiculus at the base,
15-18 x 5/Li, 3-septate. Dead furze stems. Jan. Uncommon.
DITIOLA. FEMSJONIA. DACRYOMITRA 743
2535. D. merulina (Pers.) Rea. (= Guepinia merulina (Pers.) Quel.;
Guepinia peziza Tul. sec. Pat.) Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 20,
fig. 6, as Tremella lutescens Pers.
Merulina, like the genus Merulius.
R. 1-3 cm., yellow amber, cup-shaped, oblique, often irregular, and
with linear folds on the outside; margin thin, waved. St. concolorous,
slender. Flesh yellowish, diaphanous, gelatinous, then firm. Spores
white, "oboval, or oblong, depressed at the side, 9-13 x 5-6 /A, 1-3-
septate. Conidia rough, subglobose, 9-12/z, formed on the exterior
of the receptacle. Hyphae swollen at the ends, 5-6/i in diam., with
Opuntia-like branches" Bourd. & Galz. Dead branches, and wood,
especially beech. Dec. — Feb. Uncommon.
2536. D. obliqua (Massee) Rea. Obliqua, slanting.
R. 4 mm. high, orange red, concave, oblique, often like a rabbit's
ear. St. concolorous, short, oblique. Flesh gelatinous, then horny.
Spores white, elliptical, slightly curved, 12 x 5-6/A. Gregarious.
Dead wood. Nov. Rare.
Femsjonia Fr.
(Femsjonia, belonging to Femsjo.)
Receptacle gelatinous, or floccose, heterogeneous, erumpent, con-
vex, then plane, obconic, sessile. Hymenium smooth, becoming
wrinkled. Basidia cylindrical, with two long, pointed sterigmata.
Spores yellowish, boat-shaped, simple, and multi-guttulate, then be-
coming oblong and multi-septate. Growing on wood.
2537. F. luteo-alba Fr. Luteus, yellow; alba, white.
R. 2—15 cm., bright golden yellow, erumpent, convex, then plane,
obconic, sessile, somewhat rooting, disc becoming wrinkled with age,
white tomentose beneath. Flesh yellowish, subgelatinous near the hy-
menium, floccose below, firm. Spores yellowish, boat-shaped at first
and multi-guttulate, 12-21 x 7-8/t, becoming oblong, and 8-10-or
more-septate, 18-22 x 7-8 /j,. Basidia cylindrical, 75-80 x 5-7 /A, with
two long sterigmata, 35-40ju. Hyphae with clamp connections. Fallen
branches of oak, and birch. Sept. — Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
Dacryomitra Tul. (= Dacryopsis Massee).
(Sd/cpvov, a tear; i^Lrpa, a turban.)
Receptacle gelatinous, or subgelatinous, firm, erect, cylindrical,
apex globose, or elongate, stipitate. Hymenium smooth, or rugosely
wrinkled. Basidia cylindrical, with two long sterigmata. Conidiophores
present, or absent, accompanying, or preceding the basidia. Spores
white, oblong, or elliptical, smooth, simple, or transversely septate.
Growing on wood.
744 DACRYOMITRA. CALOCERA
*Hymenium with basidia only.
2538. D. glossoides (Pers.) Bref. (= Calocera glossoides (Pers.) Fr.)
yXwcrcra, tongue; elSos, like.
R. 3-12 mm. high, yellow, clavate, or pear-shaped, thickened, obtuse,
compressed, slightly viscid. St. concolorous, round, white floccose at
the base. Flesh concolorous, gelatinous, firm. Spores white, broadly
oblong, or elliptical, incurved, often attenuated at the base, 13-15 x
5-6/i, 2-3-septate. Dead oak branches. Sept. — Dec. Uncommon.
(v.v.)
**Hymenium with conidiophores, and basidia.
2539. D. nuda (Berk.) Pat. (= Ditiola nuda Berk.) Massee, Brit.
Fung. Fl. i, p. 56, figs. 5—6, as Dacryopsis nuda Massee.
Nuda, naked.
R 3-4 mm., reddish orange, head hemispherical, flattened below.
St. 3-4 x 2-3-5 mm., white, or tinged yellow, minutely tomentose.
Flesh subgelatinous. Spores white, elliptic oblong, with an oblique
apiculus, 14 x 5 /A, 3-septate; basidia cylindrical, 56-60 x 5-6//,.
Conidiophores linear, straight, aseptate, simple, or rarely with 1-3
short branchlets near the apex, 35-40 x 1-5/n; conidia elliptic oblong,
3 xl/x. Fir stumps. Sept. Rare.
Calocera Fr.
(/ca\o?, beautiful; «epa<?, a horn.)
Receptacle gelatinous coriaceous, cartilaginous when dry; erect
cylindrical, simple, or branched. Hymenium smooth, amphigenous.
Basidia with two long sterigmata. Spores white, or yellow, elliptical,
elliptic oblong, oblong, or comma-shaped, smooth, or punctate, simple,
becoming septate on germination. Conidiophores rarely accompanying
the basidia. Growing on wood, more rarely amongst leaves.
*Branched.
2540. C. viscosa (Pers.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 104, no. 236, as
Calocera flammea (Schaeff.) Quel. Viscosa, sticky.
R. 1-10 cm. high, golden-egg-yellow, becoming orange when dry,
branched, long rooted, viscid, even, linear. Branches concolorous,
round, or compressed, tense, straight, repeatedly dichotomous, apex
generally forked. Flesh yellow, gelatinous, then cartilaginous, firm.
Spores deep ochraceous, elliptic oblong, often depressed on one side,
10-11 x 4-5 n, 3-guttulate; basidia 40-50 x 5-6 /i. Coniferous stumps.
July — Jan. Common, (v.v.)
2541. C. palmata (Schum.) Fr. Pabnata, palmate.
R. 2 cm. high, orange, then yellow, branched, compressed, dilated
upwards, divided. Branches concolorous, somewhat round, obtuse.
CALOCEBA 745
Flesh yellow, gelatinous, tough. Spores "oblong, depressed on one
side, 7-12 x 3-5-4-5 ju; basidia 22-36 x 4-5 p. Hyphae 2-3 p in
diam." Bourd. & Galz Wood. Rare.
**Caespitose.
2542. C.tuberosa(Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. 1. 199. Tuberosa, bulbous.
R. 3-5 cm. high, yellowish, linear, simple, subacute, caespitose, two
or three springing from a thick, strigose, subglobose, rooting, tuberous
base. Flesh gelatinous, tough. Spores white, "elliptical, comma-
shaped, 10/Lt, punctate" Quel., "9-10 x 6 /A" Massee. Rotten trunks.
Rare.
2543. C. cornea (Batsch) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 40. Cornea, horny.
R. 4-10 mm. high, yellow orange, clubs small, curt, awl-shaped,
connate at the base, rarely with a minute branchlet, viscid, white
villose at the base, rooting. Flesh paler, gelatinous, soon horny, firm.
Spores white, oblong, often curved, 7-9 x 3-5-4 /u,; "basidia 30-35 x
4— 5/>t. Hyphae 2-4^ in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Fallen branches, and
worked wood. Jan. — Dec. Common, (v.v.)
2544. C. corticalis Fr. Corticalis, pertaining to the bark.
R. 1-2 mm. high, pallid flesh colour, clubs awl-shaped, somewhat
distinct, erumpent. Flesh pellucid, soft. Caespitose. Dead bark.
Dec. — Jan. Rare.
***Simple, distinct.
2545. C. stricta Fr. Stricta, rigid.
R. 10-25 mm. high, yellow, clubs solitary, simple, elongate; base
white villose, blunt. Spores "club-shaped, acute downwards, 9-12 x
4-5 /u,, hyaline, slenderly septate in the middle, not constricted" Sacc.
Decorticated wood. Sept. — April. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
var. epiphylla Fr. eiri, upon; <f)ii\\ov, a leaf.
Differs from the type in being longer, 5-7-5 cm. high, in the base being
naked and bluntly rooted, and in growing amongst pine needles. Sept. —
Oct. Uncommon.
2546. C. striata (Hoffm.) Fr. Hoffm. Fl. Germ. Or. 2, t. 6, fig. 1, as
Clavaria striata. Striata, furrowed.
R. 1-7 cm. high, yellow, clubs solitary, simple, lanceolate, acute,
striate when dry. Flesh tough, translucid. Spores "oblong, depressed
on one side, 7-10 x 3-5 fi; basidia 28-36 x 4-5 p. Hyphae 2-3 jtx in
diam." Bourd. & Galz. Prostrate trunks. March. Rare.
Apyrenium lignatile Fr. = the conidial condition of Hypocrea rufa
(Pers.) Fr.
Apyrenium armeniacum B. & Br. = the conidial condition of Hy-
pocrea gelatinosa (Tode) Fr.
746
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Scop. — J. A. SCOPOLI, Flora Carniolica, 1772.
Seer. — L. SECRETAN, Mycographie Suisse, 1833.
Sm. — WORTHINGTON G. SMITH, Clavis Agaricinorum, 1870; Guide to Mr
Worthington Smith's Drawings of Field and Cultivated Mushrooms and
Poisonous or Worthless Fungi often mistaken for Mushrooms, 1910;
Guide to Sowerby's Models of British Fungi in the Department of
Botany, British Museum (Natural History), 2nd edition, 1908; Supple-
ment to the Outlines of British Fungology by Berkeley, 1891; Synopsis
of the British Basidiomycetes, 1908.
Sm. & Sow. — J. E. SMITH and J. SOWERBY, English Botany, 1790.
Sommerf. — C. SOMMERFELT, Supplementum florae Lapponicae, 1826.
Sow. — J. SOWERBY, Coloured Figures of English Fungi, 1797-1809.
Speg. — C. SPEGAZZINI, Fungi Argentini, 1880-1882, 1899.
Sterb. — F. VAN STERBEECK, Theatrum Fungorum, 1675.
Stev.— J. STEVENSON, British Fungi, 1886; Mycologia Scotica, 1879.
Studer — B. STUDER, in Hedwigia, vol. xxxix, 1900.
Sturm-^J. STURM, Deutschlands Flora, 1797-1862.
Sv. Bot.— Svensk Botanisk, 1802, etc.
Swanton — E. W. S WANTON, Fungi and how to know them, 1909.
Swz.— 0. SWARTZ, in Nov. Act. Reg. Acad. Sci. Holm. 1808-1810.
Tavel— F. VON TAVEL, Vergleichende Morphologic der Pike, 1892.
Thore — G. THORE, Essai d'un Chloris du dep. des Landes, 1803.
Tode— H. J. TODE, Fungi Mecklenburgenses selecti, 1790-1791.
Tourn. — J. P. DE TOURNEFORT, Institutiones, 1700.
Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. — Transactions of the British Mycological Society,
1896-1920.
Trans. Woolh. Nat. Field Club— Transactions of the Woolhope Naturalists'
Field Club, 1852-1913.
Trans. Wor. Nats. Club — Transactions of the Worcestershire Naturalists'
Club, 1847-1920.
Tratt. — L. TRATTINICK, Die Essbaren Schwamme, 1809; Fungi Austriaci
iconibus illustrati cum descriptionibus ac historia natural! completa,
1806.
R. B. B. 48
754 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Trog — J. G. TROG, Verzeichniss der in der Gegend von Thum vorkom-
menden Schwamme ; tJber der Wachsthum der Schwamme ; Verzeichniss
der in der Umgegend von Thum vorkommenden Schwamme, in Flora,
xv, xix, xx, xxn, 1832, 1836, 1837, 1839; Verzeichniss schweizerischer
Schwamme. in Mitt. d. schweiz. naturf. Ges. in Bern, 1844.
Tul. — L. R. and C. TULASNE, Fungi Hypogaei, 1851; Selecta Fungorum
Carpologia, 1861-1865; Monographic des Nidulariees, in Ann. Sc. Nat.
1844; Sur les Fungi Tremellini et leurs allies, id. 1862. Ann. Sc. Nat.
1842-1872.
Vahl— M. VAHL, in Flora Danica, t. 901-1260.
Vaill. — S. VATT.T.ANT, Botanicon Parisiense, 1727.
Vent.-^T. VENTURI, Miceti deU' agro Bresciano, 1845-1860.
Vill.— D. VELLAES, Histoire des Plantes du Dauphine, 1786-1789.
Vitt. — C. VITTADINI, Descrizione dei Funghi mangerecci piu communi
dell' Italia e de' velenosi che possono co' medesimi confondersi, 1835;
Monographia Lycoperdineorum, 1842; Monographia Tuberacearum,
1831; Tentamen Mycologicum, 1826.
Viv.— D. VIVIANI, Funghi d' Italia, 1834.
Wahl. — G. WAHLENBERG, Flora Lapponica, 1812; Flora Suecica, 1824-
1826; Flora Upsaliensis, 1820.
Walk.— F. W. WALLROTH, Flora Cryptogamica Germaniae, 1831-1833.
Weinm. — C. G. WEINMANN, Hymeno- et Gastero-mycetes hucusque in Im-
perio Rossico observatos, 1836.
Willd. — C. L. WILLDENOW, Florae Berolinensis prodromus, 1787.
With.— W. WITHERING, Botanical arrangement of British Plants, 3rd edi-
tion, 1796.
Woron. — M. WORONIN, in Verhandl. Naturforsch. Ges. zu Freiburg, vol. iv,
1867.
Wulf. — F. X. VON WULFEN, in Jacquin's Miscellanea, 1773-1778.
Zoll. — ZOLLINGER, Systematisches Verzeichniss der im indischen Archipel in
den Jahren 1842-1848 gesammelten, sowie der aus Japan empfangenen
Pflanzen, 1854.
755
INDEX
Synonyms are in italics
abhorrens B. & Br. (Omphalia) 430
abiegna B. & Br. (Omphalia) 429
abietina (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 711
abietina (Pers.) Massee (Hymenochaete)
670
abietina (BuU.) Fr. (Lenzites) 613
abietinum (Pers.) FT. (Stereum) 666,
670
abietinus (Polyporus) 610
abietinus (Dicks.) Fr. (Polystictus) 610
dbietinus (Dicks.) Fr. (Polystictus) 610
abietis (Batsch) Quel. (Marasmius) 532
abjecta Karst. (Inocybe) 198
abstrusa Fr. (Naucoria) 351
acanthoides (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 583
acanthoides (Bull.) Quel. (Polyporus)
583
accedens Bourd. & Galz. (Peniophora)
688
acerbum Bull. (Tricholoma) 217
acerbum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 235
acerinum (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 667,
672
acerinus (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch.
(Aleurodiscus) 667, 672
acerinus Fr. (Pleurotus) 446
acerosus Fr. (Pleurotus) 449
acervata Fr. ( Colly bia) 337
Acetabularia Berk. 6, 96
acetabulosa Berk. (Acetabularia) 97
acetabulosa (Sow.) Sacc. (Locellina) 97
acetabulosus Sow. (Agaricus) 97
Acia Karst. 13, 641
acicula (Schaeff.) Fr. (Mycena) 393
acre Quel. (Hydnum) 632
acris (Bolt.) Fr. (Lactarius) 485
actinophorus (Massee) Rea (Andro-
saceus) 533
actinophorus B. & Br. (Marasmius) 533
actinophorus (B. & Br.) Massee (Maras-
mius) 533
aculeata Quel. (Amanita) 102
aculeata Quel. (Stropharia) 130
acuminatus Fr. (Panaeolus) 372
acus W. G. Sm. (Eccilia) 437
acuta (Sow.) Fr. (Clavaria) 719
acuta (Sow.) Fr. (Clavaria) 720
aeutesquamosa (Weinm. ) Fr. (Lepiota)
67
acutus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 193
adequata Britz. (Inocybe) 205, 207
adhaerens (A. & S.) Fr. (Lentinus) 538
adiposa Fr. (Pholiota) 119
adiposus B. & Br. (Polyporus) 587
adnata (W. G. Sm.) Sacc. (Amanitop-
sis) 93, 99
Adonis (BuU.) Fr. (Mycena) 378
adstringens (Pers.) Quel. (Tricholoma)
239
adusta (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 459
adustus (Wild.) Fr. (Polyporus) 587
Aegerita von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Penio-
phora) 687
aegerita (Porta) Fr. (Pholiota) 116
aellopum Fr. (Hypholoma) 263
aereus (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 567
aeruginea (Lindb.) Fr. (Russula) 472
aeruginosa (Curt.) Fr. (Stropharia) 125
aestivalis (Paul.) Fr. (Boletus) 567
aethiops Fr. (Leptonia) 344
aetites Fr. (Mycena) 389
affinis Massee (Bolbitius) 498
Agaricaceae 6, 55
AGARICALES xi, 1, 5, 55
AGABICINEAE 5, 6, 55
agathosmus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 297
agathosmus (Fr.) Quel. (Hygrophorus)
296
aggregata (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 278
aggregata Fr. (Mucronella) 630
aggregatum (Schaeff.) Quel. (Tricho-
loma) 278
agraria Fr. (Psilocybe) 364
agrestis Pers. (Cyathus) 47
alba (GiUet) Rea (Amanita) 100
alba W. G. Sm. (Amanita) 104
alba Cotton (Clavaria) 713
alba (Bres.) Sacc. (Lepiota) 70
alba R. Make (Lepiota) 76
alba Fl. Dan. (Mycena) 395
alba Viv. (Psaliota) 87
alba Quel. (Russula) 460
alba Cke. (Russula) 470
albellum Fr. (Tricholoma) 233
Albertinii (Fr.) Quel. (Pleurotus) 441,
albida (Gillet) Rea (Clitocybe) 273
albida Fr. (Phlebia) 625
albida Huds. (Tremella) 741
albida (Huds.) Fr. (Tremella) 731
albidopallens Karst. (Omphalia) 431
albidotomentosus (Cke. & Massee) Rea
(Panus) 536
48—2
756
INDEX
albidus (Roques) Quel. (Boletus) 570
albidus FT. (CanthareUus) 543
albidus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Polyporus) 578
albidus Trog (Polyporus) 591
albipes (Fr.) Rea (Androsaceus) 532
aJbipes Fr. (Marasmius) 532
albobrunneum(Pers.)Fr. (Tricholoma)
218
albocinerea Rea (Clitocybe) 286
albocyanea (Desm.) Fr. (Stropharia)
126
albocyaneus Fr. (Cortinarius) 163
albofarinosus Rea (Pluteus) 62
albolabyrinthiporus Rea (Polypoms)
581
albonigra Krombh. (Russula) 459
albonigra (Krombh.) Fr. (Russula) 459
albosquamosa W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 84
albostramineum (Bres.) Bourd. &
Galz. (Corticium) 683, 685
albostramineus Bres. (Hypochus) 685
alboviolaceus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
156
alboviolascens (A. & S.) Karst. (Cy-
phella) 698
aJboviolascens A. & S. (Peziza) 698
album Fr. (Hebeloma) 253
album Quel. (Hydnum) 630
album Quel. (Stereum) 674
album (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 235
albus Fr. (Cantharellus) 542
albus (Huds.) Fr. (Polyporus) 587
albus Cda. (Ptychogaster) 660
alcalina Fr. (Mycena) 387
alccdina Fr. (Mycena) 384
Aldridgea Massee 13, 660
Aldridgei Massee (Flammula) 313
aleuriatus Fr. (Pluteolus) 63
aleuriatus Fr. (Pluteolus) 63
Aleurodiscus Rabenh. 14, 671
Alexandri Gillet (Locellina) 97
Alexandri Fr. (Paxillus) 549
Algeriensis Fr. (Pilosace) 63
algidus (Fr.) Quel. (Calathinus) 450
algidus Fr. (Pleurotus) 450
AUenii R. Maire (Omphalia) 424
Attescheri Bres. (Corticium) 691
Allescheri (Bres.) Wakef. (Peniophora)
691
alliacea Weinm. (Odontia) 650
alliaceus (Jacq.) Fr. (Marasmius) 528
attiatus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Marasmius)
529
alligatus Fr. (Polyporus) 583
allutus (Seer.) FT. (Cortinarius) 139
Almeni Fr. (Agaricua) 447
Almeni (Fr.) Big. & Guill. (Pleurotus)
447
alnicola Fr. (Flammula) 318
alnicola Fr. (Flammula) 320
alternatus (Schum.) Fr. (Coprinus) 507
alutacea Cke. & Massee (Clitocybe)
273, 427
alutacea (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (Odontia)
638, 648
alutacea Cke. & Massee (Omphalia)
427
alutacea (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 474
alutaceum (Schrad.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Gloeocystidium) 685
alutaceum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 648
alutaceus Fr. (Polyporus) 590
alutarius Fr. (Boletus) 555
alutarius (Fr.) Rea (Tylopilus) 555
alutipes (Lasch) Fr. (Cortinarius) 149
alvearis Cke. ( Colly bia) 337, 525
alvearis (Cke.) Rea (Marasmius) 337,
525
alveolus (Lasch) Fr. (Crepidotus) 454
amadelphus (Bull.) Fr. (Marasmius)
527
Amanlta (Pers.) Fr. 6, 97
Amanltopsis Roze 6, 92
amara Fr. (Clitocybe) 221, 272
amarella (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 272
amarellus (Pers.) Quel. (Paxillus) 272,
310
amarescens Quel. (Naucoria) 353
amarum (A. & S.) Quel. (Tricholoma)
221, 272
amarum (A. & S.) Quel. (Tricholoma)
220
ambiguus (Vitt.) Tul. (Melanogaster)
ambusta Fr. (Colly bia) 341
ameides B. & Br. (Entoloma) 246
amethysteus Quel. (Cantharellus) 542
amethystina (Batt.) Fr. (Clavaria) 706
amethystina (Vaill.) B. & Br. (Lac-
caria) 290
amethystina Quel. (Psaliota) 90
amethystinum Quel. (Tricholoma) 236
amethystinum (Scop.) Fr. (Tricho-
loma) 233
amethystinus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Cortin-
arius) 157
amianthina (Scop.) Fr. (Lepiota) 75
amianthina (Scop.) Fr. (Lepiota) 108
amicta Fr. (Mycena) 391
amicta Fr. (Mycena) 391
amicum Fr. (Tricholoma) 234
ammoniaca Fr. (Mycena) 388
ammophila Lev. (Bo vista) 38
ammophila (Lev.) Lloyd (Bovistella)
38
ammophila (Mont.) Fr. (Psilocybe)
268, 364
ammophilum (Mont.) Quel. (Hypho-
loma) 268, 364
amoena Quel. (Russula) 476
INDEX
757
amoenus (Lasch) Quel. (Hygrophorus)
308
amorphum (Pers.) Fr (Corticium) 672,
682
amorphus (Pers.) Rabenh. (Aleurodis-
cus) 672, 682
amorphus Fr. (Polyporus) 586
amorphum Fr. (Polyporus) 587
ampla (Pers.) Quel. (Amanita) 102
ampla (Lev.) Maire (Auriculariopsis)
697
ampla Pers. (Clitocybe) 219, 227, 277
ampla (Lev.) Fr. (Cyphella) 697
amplum (Pers.) Rea (Tricholoma) 227,
277
amsegetes Fr. (Mycena) 392
anatina (Lasch) Fr. (Leptonia) 343
Andromedae Peck (Exobasidium) 725
Androsaceus (Pers.) Pat. 8, 530
androsaceus (Linn.) Pat. (Androsaceus)
531
androsaceus (Linn.) Fr. (Marasmius)
531
aneirina (Sommerf.) Fr. (Poria) 604,
617
aneirina (Sommerf.) Quel. (Trametes)
604, 617
Anellarla Karst. 6, 91
anfractus Fr. (Cortinarius) 138
anglicus Massee (Pleurotus) 446
anguinea Fr. (Naucoria) 350
angulatus (Batsch) B. & Br. (Maras-
mius) 526
angulosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 187
angustata (Sow.) Fr. (Daedalea) 619
angustatus Sow. (Boletus) 619
angustissima (Lasch) Fr. (Clitocybe)
289
angustus (Pers.) Fr. (Clitopilus) 311
annosus Fr. (Fomes) 595
Annularia Schulz. 6, 81
annulosulphurea Gillet (Amanita) 104
anomala (B. & Br.) Rea (Odontia) 638,
645
anomala (Pers.) Fr. (Solenia) 702
anomalum B. & Br. (Hydnum) 638,
645
anomalus Fr. (Cortinarius) 162
anthocephala (Bull.) Pat. (Phylacteria)
652
anthocephala (Bull.) Fr. (Thelephora)
652
anthochroum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium)
682
anthochrous (Pers.) Quel. (Hypochnus)
682
anthracinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 165
anthracophila Karst. (Tubaria) 438
antipus (Lasch) Fr. (Galera) 408
apala FT. (Galera) 406
apalus (Fr.) Quel. (Bolbitius) 406
aphthosus Fr. (Coprinus) 502
APHYLLOPHORALES xi, 1, 10, 574
apicalis W. G. Sm. (Bolbitius) 498
apicrea Fr. (Flammula) 320
appendiculatum Bull. (Hypholoma)
131, 266, 268
appendiculatum (Bull.) Fr. (Hypho-
loma) 267
appendiculatus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Boletus)
569
applanatum (Pers.) Pat. (Ganoderma)
597
applanatus (Pers.) Fr. (Crepidotus)
applanatus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 597
applicatus (Batsch) Quel. (Calathinus)
451
applicatus (Batsch) Berk. (Pleurotus)
451
aquatilis Peck (Coprinus) 515
aquosa (Bull.) Fr. (Collybia) 337, 525
aquosus (Bull.) Rea (Marasmius) 337,
525
arachnoideum Berk. (Corticium) 676
araneosa Quel. (Nolanea) 402
arata Berk. (Psathyrella) 420
aratus B. & Br. (Coprinus) 506
arbustivus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 294
archyropus Pers. (Marasmius) 520
archyropus (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius)
523
arcuatum (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma)
240
arcuatum (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma)
239, 240, 242
arcularius (Batsch) Fr. (Polyporus)
576
Ardenia (Sow.) Fr. (Clavaria) 718
ardosiacum (Bull.) Fr. (Entoloma) 246
arenarius A. & S. (Pisolithus) 50
arenatus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 160
areolata Klotzsch (Psilocybe) 364
areolata (Klotzsch) Berk. (Psilocybe)
363
argentatus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
154
argenteogriseus Rea (Pluteus) 58
argillacea (Pers.) FT. (Clavaria) 716
argillacea Bres. (Jaapia) 659
arguta (Fr.) Quel. (Odontia) 638, 648
arguta (Fr.) Quel. (Odontia) 641
argutum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 648
argutus Fr. (Cortinarius) 153
argyraceum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma)
223
argyraceum (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma)
222
argyropus Fr. (Cortinarius) 191
arida Fr. (Amanita) 80, 105
758
INDEX
arida Fr. (Coniophora) 626
arida (Fr.) Gillet (Lepiota) 80, 105
aridum Fr. (Corticium) 626
armeniaca Cke. (Russula) 478
armeniaca (Cke.) Rea (Russula) 478
armeniacum B. & Br. (Apyrenium) 745
armeniacus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
182
armeniacus Berk. (Polyporus) 587
Armillaria Fr. 6, 105
armillatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 172
aromaticus (Sow.) Berk. (Hygrophorus)
295
arvalis Fr. (Naucoria) 356
arvensis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Psaliota) 84
arvinaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 149
arvinaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 149
ASCOMYCETAE ix
ascus ix
Aseroe La Billard 3, 22
asper Lloyd (Geaster) 41
aspera (Amanita) 103
aspera (Fr.) Quel. (Amanita) 104
aspera (Pers.) Quel. (Lepiota) 67
aspideus Fr. (Lactarius) 481
aspideus Fr. (Lactarius) 483
asprella Fr. (Leptonia) 347
asterophora Fr. (Nyctalis) 541
asterosperma Vitt. (Octaviania) 28
asterospora (Qu61.) Rea (Astrosporina)
207, 210
asterospora Pat. (Clavaria) 719
asterospora Quel. (Inocybe) 210
Astraeus Morgan 4, 5, 51
astragalina Fr. (Flammula) 318
astroideus Fr. (Coprinus) 505
Astrosporina Schroet. 7, 207
aterrimum Fr. (Radulum) 641, 681
atomata Fr. (Psathyrella) 373, 421
atomatus (Fr.) Quel. (Panaeolus) 373,
421
atra (Weinm.) Rea (Phylacteria) 653
air a Weinm. (Thelephora) 653
atramentarius (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus)
501
atramentarius (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus)
502
atrata Fr. ( Colly bia) 341
atrides (Lasch) Fr. (Eccilia) 436
atroalba (Bolt.) Fr. (Mycena) 385
atrobrunnea (Lasch) Fr. (Psilocybe)
362
atrocaeruleus (Fr.) Quel. (Calathinus)
450
atrocaeruleus Fr. (Pleurotus) 450
atrocinereum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma)
226
atrocrocea W. G. Sm. (Lepiota) 77
atrocyanea (Batsch) Fr. (Mycena) 386
atromarginata Fr. (Mycena) 375
alromarginata Fr. (Mycena) 375
atromarginatum W. G. Sm. (Stereum)
665
atropuncta (Pers.) Fr. (Eccilia) 428,
436
atropuncta (Pers.) Quel. (Omphalia)
428, 436
atropurpurea (Krombh.) Maire (Rus-
sula) 469
atropurpureum Vitt. (Lycoperdon) 33
atrorufa (Schaeff.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 366
atrosquamosum Chev. (Tricholoma)
223
atrotomentosus (Batsch) Fr. (Paxillus)
552
atrovirens Fr. (Corticium) 677
atrovirens (Kalchbr.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
144
atrovirens Rea (Mycena) 376
atrovirens Fr. (Tremella) 732
atrovirens (Pers.) Quel. (Tricholoma)
227
augusta Fr. (Psaliota) 82
augusta Fr. (Psaliota) 83, 86, 88
aurantia (Schaeff.) Fr. (Armillaria)
106, 107, 217
aurantiaca (Wulf.) Studer (Clitocybe)
273, 542
aurantiaca (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Peniophora) 694
aurantiaca (Sow.) Karst. (Phlebia) 624,
625
aurantiaca (Stropharia) 128
aurantiaca Cke. (Stropharia) 128
aurantiacum Bres. (Corticium) 694
aurantiacum (A. & S.) Fr. (Hydnum)
634
aurantiacum (Bull.) W. G. Sm. (Sclero-
derma) 49
aurantiacus BuU. (Boletus) 572
aurantiacus (Wulf.) Fr. (Cantharellus)
273, 542
aurantiacus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Lactarius)
488
aurantiacus Klotzsch (Merulius) 620
aurantiomarginata Fr. (Mycena) 374
aurantiporus Howse (Boletus) 561
aurantium Pers. (Scleroderma) 49
aurantium (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma)
107, 217
aurata Quel. (Collybia) 337, 524
aurata (With.) Fr. (Russula) 475
auratus (Quel.) Rea (Marasmius) 337,
524
aurea (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clavaria) 710
aurea (Batt.) Fr. (Daedalea) 619
aurea (Fr.) Quel. (Odontia) 638, 646
aurea Massee (Omphalia) 425
aurea (Mattusch) Fr. (Pholiota) 75,
111
INDEX
759
aureola (Kalchbr.) Quel. (Amanita)
101
aureum FT. (Hydnum) 638, 646
aureus (Arrh.) FT. (Hygrophorus) 295
aureus Fr. (Merulius) 623
auricoma (Batsch) Fr. (Inocybe) 198
auricula Fr. (Lentinus) 540
auricula-Judae (Linn.) Schroet. (Auri-
cularia) 727
auricula-Judae (Linn.) Berk (Hirneola)
727
Auricularia (Bull.) 17, 727
Auriculariaceae 17, 726
AURICULARIALES xi, 1, 16, 725
ATTBICTTLAKIINEAE 16, 17, 726
Auriculariopsis R. Maire 15, 697
auriscalpium (Linn.) Fr. (Hydnum)
635
aurivella (Batsch) Fr. (Pholiota) 117
aurora Berk. (Corticium) 679
aurorea (Larb.) Fr. (Collybia) 331
australe (Fr.) Pat. (Ganoderma) 598
australiensis Cke. & Massee (Lysurus)
22
australis Fr. (Polyporus) 598
autochthona (B. & Br.) Quel. (Naucoria)
440
autochthona (B. & Br.) W. G. Sm.
(Tubaria) 440
avellana (Fr.) Cke. (Hymenochaete)
668
avellanum Fr. (Stereum) 668
avenacea (Fr.) Schroet. (Mycena) 374
Azaleae Peck (Exobasidium) 725
azonites (Bull.) Quel. (Lactarius) 492
azurea Bres. (Russula) 461
azure us Fr. (Cortinarius) 161
azyma Fr. (Flammula) 320
Babingtonii Blox. (Nolanea) 402
Badhami B. & Br. (Lepiota) 68
badia Lucand (CoUybia) 327
badipes (Fr.) Rick. (Galera) 354
badipes Fr. (Naucoria) 354
badipus Fr. (Omphalia) 431
badius Fr. (Boletus) 560
balanina Berk. (Mycena) 375
balanina Berk. (Mycena) 375
balaustinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 186
balteatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 134
balteatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 136
bambusinus (Zoll.) Rea (Cynophallus)
23
bambusinus Zoll. (Mutinus) 23
barba-Jovis (Hydnum) 646
barba-Jovis Pat. (Odontia) 651
barba-Jovis (With.) Fr. (Odontia) 646
Barlae Cke. (Russula) 471
Barlae Quel. (Russula) 476
BASIDIOMYCETAE ix, xi, 1, 21
basidium ix, xi
bathypora (Rostk.) Massee (Poria) 608
bothy porus Rostk. (Polyporus) 608
Batschianum Fr. (Entoloma) 245
Battarrae Fr. (Stropharia) 130
Battarrea Pers. 5, 53
betta (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 291
betta (Pers.) QueL (CoUybia) 291
bella (Pers.) B. & Br. (Laccaria) 291
Belliae Johnst. (Omphalia) 434
benzoinus (Wahlenb.) Fr. (Polyporus)
585
Berkeley! Massee (Coniophora) 627
Berkeley i Cke. (Cortinarius) 138
Berkeleyi Massee (Cyphella) 701
Berkeleyi Massee (Geaster) 41
Berkeleyi Maire (Leptonia) 345
Berkeleyi Massee (Mycena) 382
Berkeleyi Massee (Nidularia) 45
Bernardii Quel. (Psaliota) 83
beryllus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 59
betulina (Linn.) Fr. (Lenzites) 612
betulinus (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 584
bibula Quel. (Omphalia) 306, 431
bibulosa Massee (CoUybia) 331
bicolor Cke. (Cortinarius) 186
bicolor Cke. (Cortinarius) 185
bicolor (A. & S.) Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 647
bicolor Karst. (Hygrophorus) 298, 299
bicolor (A. & S.) Bres. (Odontia) 638,
647
bicolor (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 665
biennis (Boletus) 617
biennis (Bull.) Quel. (Daedalea) 582,
617
biennis (Fr.) Big. & GuiU. (Phylacteria)
653
biennis Fr. (Thelephora) 654
bifida (BuU.) Schroet. (Russula) 463
biformis Fr. (Cortinarius) 177
bifrons (Berk.) Big. & GuiUem. (Hy-
pholoma) 269
bifrons Berk. (Psathyra) 269, 416
biloba Massee (Volvaria) 96
biornata B. & Br. (Lepiota) 69
bisporiger Buller (Coprinus) 515
bisporus Lange (Coprinus) 515
bivelus Fr. (Cortinarius) 169
Bizzozeriana Sacc. (Clavaria) 709
blandum Berk. (Tricholoma) 241
blattaria Fr. (PhoUota) 113
blennius Fr. (Lactarius) 482
blepharistoma B. & Br. (Poria) 607
Bloxamii B. & PhiU. (Cyphella) 699
Bloxamii Berk. (Entoloma) 245
Bloxamii Berk. (Entoloma) 246
bolaris (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 159
Bolbitius FT. 8, 496
Boletaceae 9, 548
BOLETINEAE 5, 9, 548
760
INDEX
Boletinus Kalchbr. 10, 556
Boletus (Dill.) Pat. 9, 10, 653, 554,
555, 557
Boltoni Fr. (Bolbitius) 497
Boltonii (Pers.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 497
Boltonii Massee (Coprinus) 503
Boltonii Fr. (Corticium) 668
Boltonii (Fr.)Cke. (Hymenochaete) 668
bombycina Fr. (Poria) 604, 617
bombycina (Fr.) Quel. (Trametes) 604,
617
bombycina Schaeff. (Volvaria) 94
bombycina (Schaeff.) Fr. (Volvaria) 94
bombycinum (Sommerf.) Bres. (Cor-
ticium) 674
Bongardii (Weinm.) Fr. (Inocybe) 198
Bongardii (Weinm.) Massee (Inocybe)
203
boreale Fr. (Tricholoma) 233
boreale Fr. (Tricholoma) 236
borealis (Wahlb.) Quel. (Daedalea)
590, 617
borealis (Burt.) P. Henn. (Lysurus) 22
borealis Fr. (Polyporus) 590, 617
botryoides (Schwein.) Burt. (Hypoch-
nus) 656
botryosum Bres. (Corticium) 678
botrytes Fr. (Radulum) 641, 681
botrytis (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 709
Boucheanus(Klotzsch) Fr. (Polyporus)
579
Bourdotia Bres. 18, 738
Bourdotii Bres. (Coniophora) 627
bovinus (Linn.) Fr. (Boletus) 561
bovinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 175
Bo vista (Dill.) Morgan 4, 38
Bovista (Linn.) Fr. (Lycoperdon) 30
Bovista Fr. (Scleroderma) 49
Bo vistella Morgan 4, 37
brachyporus (W. G. Sm.) Rea (Gyro-
don) 657
Bresadolae Schulz. (Coprinus) 510
Bresadolae Bourd. (Corticium) 674
Bresadolae Quel. (Hydnum) 647
brevipes (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 241
Brinkmannii (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Grandinia) 644
Broadwoodiae B. & Br. (Lepiota) 76
Broomei Cotton & Wakef. (Clavaria)
711
Broomei Berk. (Marasmius) 530
Broomei Massee (Nidularia) 45
Broomeianus (Berk.) Tul. (Melano-
gaster) 48
Brownii B. & Br. (Cantharellus) 543
Brownii B. & Br. (Cantharellus) 356
brumale Pers. (Tulostoma) 52
brumalis Fr. (Clitocybe) 287
brumalis (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 576
brunnea PhilL (Cyphella) 699
brunnea Quel. (Inocybe) 201
brunneofulvus Fr. (Cortinarius) 176
brunneola Fr. (Pholiota) 113
brunneus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 175
brunneus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 175,
176
Bryantii Berk. (Geaster) 40
bryorum (Pers.) Fr. (Galera) 411
buccinalis (Sow.) Cke. (Omphalia) 430
Buchananii (Berk.) W. G. Sm.
(Psaliota) 84
Bucknalli Massee (Inocybe) 213
Bucknallii( Massee) Rea (Astrosporina)
213
BucJcnallii Massee (Inocybe) 213
Bucknallii B. & Br. (Lepiota) 78
bufonium (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 229
bulbigenum B. & Br. (Entoloma) 248
bulbigera (A. & S.) Fr. (Armillaria) 105
bulbillosus Pat. (Coprinus) 509
bulbosa Barla (Armillaria) 109
bulbosus (Bull.) Big. & Guill. (Boletus)
566
bulbosus (Sow.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 169
bullacea (Bull.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 365
Bulliardii (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 158
Bulliardii Fr. (Trametes) 614
Bullii Berk. (Pluteus) 56
bullula (Brig.) Cke. (Omphalia) 434
butyracea (Bull.) Fr. ( Colly bia) 331
byssisedus (Pers.) Fr. (Claudopus) 453
byssoidea (Pers.) Bres. (Coniophorella)
629, 690
byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. &
Litsch. (Peniophora) 629, 683, 690
byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch.
(Peniophora) 682
byssoideum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 683,
caelatum (Bull.) Fr. (Lycoperdon) 30
caelatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 232
caerulea Rea (Mycena) 391
caerulea Cke. (Russula) 477
caerulescens Fr. (Cortinarius) 140
caerulescens Fr. (Cortinarius) 140
caerulescens Cke. (Psilocybe) 367
caerulescens Fr. (Russula) 459
caeruleum (Schrad.) Fr. (Corticium)
673
caesariata Fr. (Inocybe) 199
caesariatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 235
caesia (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. (Penio-
phora), 683, 695
caesia (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 656
caesiocyaneus Britz. (Cortinarius) 140
caesium (Corticium) 656
caesium Bres. (Corticium) 695
caesius (Pers.) Wakef. (Hypochnus)
656
INDEX
761
-caesius (Schrad.) Fr. (Polyporus) 589
caespitosa Bolt. (Omphalia) 426
caespitosa (Bolt.) Cke. (Omphalia) 427
caespitosum Cke. (Hypholoma) 264
caespitosum Bres. (Tricholoma) 238
caespitosus Massee (Gyrodon) 557
calamistrata Fr. (Inocybe) 206
calcea (Pers.) Bres. (Sebacina) 737
calcea Fr. (Thelephora) 688
caleeolum(Sterb.)Fr. (Tricholoma) 238
calceolus (Bull.) Quel. (Polyporus) 577
calceum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 737
caldarii Berk. (Collybia) 343
Caldesiella Sacc. 13, 651
caligata (Viv.) Fr. (Armillaria) 106
caligatus Viv. (Agaricus) 106
caliginosa W. G. Sm. (Nyctalis) 541
caliginosus (Jungh.) Fr. (Panaeolus)
371
callisteus Fr. (Cortinarius) 158
callosa Fr. (Poria) 601
callosa Fr. (Psilocybe) 367
Calocera Fr. 19, 744
CALOCEBACEAE 19, 740
CALOCERALES xi, 2, 19, 740
•calochrous (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 140
calolepis Fr. (Crepidotus) 455
•calopus (Pers.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 530
calopus Fr. (Boletus) 570
calopus (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 530
calopus Fr. (Mycena) 384
calospora (Quel.) Rea (Astrosporina)
calospora Quel. (Inocybe) 211
CALOSTOMATACEAE 3, 5, 51
calva (A. & S.) Fr. (Mucronella) 630
calyptraeformis Berk. (Hygrophorus)
camarophyllus (A. & S.) Fr. (Hygro-
phorus) 233, 298
camerina (Fr.) Rick. (Galera) 354
camerina Fr. (Naucoria) 354
«ampanella (Batsch) Fr. (Omphalia)
431
campanulata Massee (Galera) 408
oampanulatus (Linn.) Fr. (Panaeolus)
371
campestris (Linn.) Fr. (Psaliota) 87
campestris (Linn.) Fr. (Psaliota) 84, 85,
88
camphoratus Fr. (Cortinarius) 156
<jamphoratus (Bull.) Fr. (Lactarius)
495.
camptophylla Berk. (Omphalia) 432
camurus Fr. (Cortinarius) 161
canaliculata Fr. (Clavaria) 719
cancellatus (Tourn.) Fr. (Clathrus) 21
cancrina (Fr.) Quel. (Eccilia) 311
cancrinus Fr. (Clitopilus) 311
candicans Fr. (Boletus) 568
candicans (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 276
Candida Fr. (Mycena) 398
Candida Sacc. (Omphalia) 433
Candida (Hoffm.) Fr. (Solenia) 702
Candida Pers. (Thelephora) 701
candidum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 32
candidus (Ehrenb.) Fr. (Irpex) 611
candidus (Bolt.) Fr. (Marasmius) 528
Candolleanum Fr. (Hypholoma) 266
caninus Fr. (Cortinarius) 162
caninus (Huds.) Fr. (Cynophallus) 23
canobrunnea( Batsch) Quel. (Psathyra)
367, 413
canobrunnea (Batsch) Fr. (Psilocybe)
367, 413
canofaciens Cke. (Psilocybe) 363
Cantharellaceae 9, 540
CANTHARELLINEAE 5, 9, 540
Cantharellus Adans. 9, 541, 547
caperata (Pers.) Fr. (Pholiota) 111
caperatus (Pers.) Karst. (Rozites) 111
capillaris (Schum.) Fr. (Mycena) 400
capillitium x
capistrata Cke. (Pholiota) 116
capniocephalum (Bull.) Fr. (Hebeloma)
259
capnoides Fr. (Hypholoma) 261
caprinus (Scop.) Fr. (Hygrophorus)
298
capsicum Schulz. (Lactarius) 485
capsuliferum (Lycoperdon) 50
capucina Fr. (Inocybe) 194
capula (Holmsk.) Fr. (Cyphella) 699
capula Holmsk. (Peziza) 699
caput-Medusae (Bull.) Fr. (Hydnum)
636
caput-Medusae (Fr.) Rick. (Hypho-
loma) 130
caput-Medusae Fr. (Stropharia) 130
carbonaria Fr. (Flammula) 317
carbonaria Fr. (Flammula) 316
carbonarius (A. & S.) Fr. (Cantharellus)
543
carbonarius (A. & S.) Fr. (Cantharellus)
536
carcharias (Pers.) Fr. (Lepiota) 76
cariosa Fr. (Amanita) 103
Carlylei Massee (Corticium) 681, 683
Carmichaelianus (Grev.) Berk. (Meru-
lius) 622
Carmichaelianus Grev. (Polyporus)
622
carnea Rea (Mycena) 377
carneoalba (With.) Quel. (Eccilia) 311
carneoalbus (With.) FT. (Clitopilus)
311
carneogrisea B. & Br. (Eccilia) 435
carneolum Fr. (Tricholoma) 231, 232
carneosanguinea Rea (Mycena) 373
carneum Wallr. (Hydnangium) 29
762
INDEX
carneum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 231,
232
carneus Nees (Femes) 596
carneus Fr. (Irpex) 612
carnicolor Bres. (Russula) 477
carnicolor Bres. (Russula) 477
carnosa Massee (Flammula) 320
carnosus Rostk. (Boletus) 568
carotaecolor B. & Br. (Hydnangium)
28
carpathicus (Kalchbr.) Cost. & Dufour
(Marasmius) 519
carpophila (Fr.) Quel. (Galera) 360
carpophila Fr. (Naucoria) 360
carpta (Scop.) Fr. (Inocybe) 200
cartilaginea (BulL) Bres. (Clitocybe)
226, 278
cartilagineum Fr. (Tricholoma) 226
caryophyttea Schaeff. (HelveUa) 652
caryophyllea (Schaeff.) Pat. (Phylac-
teria) 652
caryophyllea (Schaeff.) Fr. (Thelephora)
652
cascum Fr. (Hypholoma) 266
castanea Quel. (Lepiota) 72
castaneum Pers. (Hydnum) 651
castaneu* (Bull.) FT. (Boletus) 554
castaneus (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 185
castaneus Fr. (Fomes) 596
castaneus (Bull.) Quel. (Gyroporus)554
castaneus (Bull.) Quel. (Gyroporus) 554
castoreus Fr. (Lentinus) 540
catarium Fr. (Hypholoma) 267
catervata Massee (Psilocybe) 369
catilla W. G. Sm. (CypheUa) 701
catinus Fr. (Clitocybe) 284
caudata Fr. (Psathyrella) 373, 421
caudatus (Fr.) Quel. (Panaeolus) 373,
421
caulicinalis (Bull.) Rea (Crinipellis) 534
caulicinalis (BuU.) Quel. (Marasmius)
534
causetta Barla (Annillaria) 106
causticus Fr. (Cortinarius) 146
cauticinalis (With.) Fr. (Marasmius)
529
cavipes (Opatowski) Klotzsch (Bole-
tinus) 556
centrifugum (L&v.) Bres. (Corticium)
676
centunculus Fr. (Naucoria) 350
centurio Kalchbr. (Tricholoma) 219
centurio Kalchbr. (Tricholoma) 227
cepa (Vaill.) Pers. (Scleroderma) 50
cepaeforme (Bull.) Lloyd (Lycoperdon)
37
cepaestipes (Sow.) Fr. (Lepiota) 74
cepaestipes (Sow.) Pat. (Leucocoprinus)
74
ceraceus( Wulf.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 304
ceranoides (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Clavaria)
715
cerasinus Berk. (Hygrophorus) 296
cerasinus Berk. (Hygrophorus) 297
ceratopus (Pers.) Quel. (Marasmius) 529
cerebetta Pers. (Coniophora) 626
cerebrinus B. & Br. (Polyporus) 591
cerinum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 230
cernua (Schum.) Massee (CypheUa) 699
cernua Schum. (Peziza) 699
cernua (Fl. Dan.) Quel. (Psathyra) 368,
413
cernua (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 368,
413
cerodes Fr. (Naucoria) 352
cerussata Fr. (Clitocybe) 275
cerussata Fr. (Clitocybe) 276
cervicolor (Pers.) Quel. (Inocybe) 198
cervinum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Sclero-
derma) 49
cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pluteus) 56
cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pluteus) 57
ChaiUetii (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 666
chalybea (Pers.) Fr. (Leptonia) 345
chamaeleontina Fr. (Russula) 472
chelidonia Fr. (Mycena) 380
chimonophilus B. & Br. (Crepidotus)
456
chionea (Pers.) Quel. (Clavaria) 708
chioneus (Pers.) Quel. (Calathinus) 452
chioneus (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 452
chioneus Fr. (Polyporus) 591
Chitonla Fr. 6, 97
chlamydosporium Burt (Corticium) 674
chlorantha Fr. (Mycena) 379
chloroides Krombh. (Russula) 458
chloroides (Krombh.) Bres. (Russula)
458, 487
chlorophanus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 308
chloropolia Fr. (Leptonia) 347
chloropolia (Fr.) Quel. (Leptonia) 346
Chlorospora Massee 62
chondroderma B. & Br. (Psilocybe)
364
Chrysanthemi Plowr. (Peniophora)
677, 697
chrysenteron (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 562
chrysites (Jungh.) Gillet (Tricholoma)
224
chrysocoma (Peziza) 741
chrysocomus (Bull.) Tul. (Dacryo-
myces) 741
chrysodon Fr. (Hygropliorus) 291
chrysoleuca (Pers.) Fr. (Omphalia) 429
chrysophaeus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pluteus)
61
chrysophylla (Fr.) Quel. (Flammula)
324, 424
chrysophylla Fr. (Omphalia) 324, 424
chrysorheus Fr. (Lactarius) 485
INDEX
763
chrysorheus FT. (Lactarius) 489
cibarius Fr. (Cantharellus) 542
cidaris Fr. (Naucoria) 349
cilicioides Fr. (Lactarius) 479
cimicarius (Batsch) Cke. (Lactarius)
495
cimicarius (Batsch) Quel. (Lactarius)
495
cincinnata Fr. (Inocybe) 203
cincta Berk. (Poria) 600
cinctulus (Bolt.) Cke. (Panaeolus) 372
cinctum (Fuck.) Rea (Glischroderma)
54
cinerascens( Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 285
cinerascens (Batsch) W. G. Sm.
(Clitocybe) 285
cinerascens Karst. (Hypochnus) 656
cinerascens (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma)
238, 278
cinerea (Bull.) Fr. (Clavaria) 705
cinerea (Bull.) Fr. (Clavaria) 713
cinerea Fr. (Daedalea) 613, 619
cinerea (Fr.) Quel. (Lenzites) 613, 619
cinerea Massee & Crossl. (Mycena) 388
cinerea (Fr.) Cke. (Peniophora) 683, 696
cinerella Karst. (Mycena) 387
cinereorimosum Batsch (Tricholoma)
227
cinereum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 696
cinereum (Bull.) Fr. (Hydnum) 633
cinereus (Pers.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 544
cinereus (Schaeff.) Cke. (Coprinus) 504
cinereus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 299
cinnabarina (A. & S.) Fr. (Lepiota) 76
cinnabarina (Jacq.) Fr. (Trametes) 616
cinnabarinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 164
cinnabarinus (Jacq.) Quel. (Phellinus)
616
cinnamomea (Pers.) Bres. (Hymeno-
chaete) 670
cinnamomeum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium)
670
cinnamomeus (Linn.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
165
cinnamomeus (Jacq.) Sacc. (Polyporus),
575
cinnamomeus (Jacq.) Sacc. (Poly-
stictus) 575
circellatus Fr. (Lactarius) 483
circinata (Fr.) Quel. (Clitocybe) 444
circinatus Fr. (Pleurotus) 444
circumtectum Cke. (Tricholoma) 234
cirrhata (Schum.) Fr. (CoUybia) 334
cirrhata (Schum.) Quel. (CoJlybia) 338,
528
cirrhatum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 637
citri (Inzenga) Fr. (ArmUlaria) 110
citrina (Gonn. & Rabenh.) Rea (Am-
anita) 100
citrina (Schaeff.) Quel. (Amanita) 99
citrina Quel. (Omphalia) 429
citrina Gillet (Russula) 462
citrina (Russula) 477
citrinella (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 397
citrinum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 683,
685
citrinus Rea (Hygrophorus) 304
citrinus Vitt. (Hymenogaster) 26
citrophylla B. & Br. (Lepiota) 72
civile Fr. (Tricholoma) 236
Cladoderrls Pers. 14, 670
clamp connections ix
claricolor Fr. (Cortinarius) 133
Clarkeinda 0. Kuntz 6, 97
Clarkii (B. & Br.) W. G. Sm. (Hygro-
phorus) 295, 301
Clarkii B. & Br. (Inocybe) 196
claroflava (Grove) Cke. (Russula) 466
Clathraceae 2, 3, 21
Clathrus (Micheli) Pers. 3, 21
Claudopus W. G. Sm. 8, 453
Clavaria (Vaill.) Fr. 16, 17, 705, 728
Clavariaceae 16, 704
CLAVARHNEAE 10, 16, 704
clavata (Pers.) Berk. (Tremella) 732
clavatum (Pers.) Pat. (Neurophyllum)
548
clavatus Krombh. (Cantharellus) 548
clavatus (Batt.) Quel. (Coprinus) 500
clavatus (Pers.) Fr. (Craterellus) 548
claviceps Fr. (Hebeloma) 255
clavicularis Fr. (Mycena) 397
clavipes (Pers.) FT." (Clitocybe) 269
clavularis (Fr.) Big. & Guill. (Phylac-
teria) 652
clavularis Fr. (Thelephora) 652
clavus (Linn.) Fr. (CoUybia) 338
clavus (Schaeff.) Quel. (CoUybia) 521
clavus (Linn.) Rea (Mycena) 338, 378
Clitocybe Fr. 7, 269
clitopila Cke. & Sm. (Flammula) 314
Clitopilus Fr. 7, 309
clivalis Fr. (Hygrophorus) 301
clivensis B. &*Br. (Psilocybe) 369
Clusii Bataille (Russula) 469
Clusii Fr. (Russula) 469
clusUis Fr. (CoUybia) 342
clypeatum (Linn.) Fr. (Entoloma) 249
clypeolaria Auct. plur. (Lepiota) 69, 70
clypeolaria (Bull.) Fr. (Lepiota) 69
clypeolarioides Rea (Lepiota) 69
clypeum Fr. (Entoloma) 249
cnista Fr. (Tricholoma) 238
coccinea (Scop.) Sacc. (Mycena) 393
coccinea (Sow.) Quel. (Mycena) 378
coccineus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Hygrophorus)
304
coccineus Massee (Pluteus) 61
cochleatus (Pers.) Fr. (Lentinus) 539
codoniceps Cke. (Mycena) 400
764
INDEX
coelestina Fr. (Nolanea) 405
cognatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 240
cohaerens (A. & S.) Cke. (Marasmius)
382, 529
cohaerens (A. & S.) Fr. (Mycena) 382,
529
Colemannianus Blox. (Hygrophorus)
303
COLBOSPORHNEAE xi, 16, 726
coliforme (Dicks.) Pers. (Geastrum) 39
coliforme Dicks. (Lycoperdon) 39
coliforme (Dicks.) Cda. (Myriostoma)
39
coUabefacta B. & Br. (Poria) 607
collariata Fr. (Mycena) 392
collina (Scop.) Fr. (Collybia) 334
collinitus Fr. (Boletus) 559
cottinitus Sow. (Cortinarius) 150
collinitus (Sow.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 149
Collybia Fr. 7, 326
colossa (Fr.) Boud. (Armillaria) 107,
217
colossum FT. (Tricholoma) 107, 217
columbetta Fr. (Tricholoma) 221
columbetta Fr. (Tricholoma) 216
columbinus Bres. (Pleurotus) 446
columbinus Quel. (Pleurotus) 445, 446
columbinus (Quel.) Cke. (Pleurotus)
446
columella x
colus FT. (Cortinarius) 186
colymbadinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 166
comatus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Coprinus) 499
comedens (Nees) Fr. (Corticium) 641,
681, 683
comedens (Nees) Fr. (Corticium) 681
comedens (Nees) R. Maire(Vuilleminia)
681
comitialis (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 270
commixta Bres. (Inocybe) 209
commune Fr. (Schizophyllum) 452
comosa Fr. (Pholiota) 116
compacta Tul. (Octaviania) 28
compactum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 634
compactum Fr. (Tricholoma) 225
compta Fr. (Psilocybe) 366
comptulus B. & Br. (Agaricus) 366
comtula Fr. (Psaliota) 90
concava (Sow.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 286
concavus Fr. (Lactarius) 494
conchatum Fr. (Stereum) 665
conchatus (Pers.) Fr. (Fomes) 594
conchatus (Bull.) Fr. (Panus) 535
conchyliata Allen (Clavaria) 709
condensata Fr. (Clavaria) 712
conferta (Bolt.) Fr. (Galera) 409
confine Bourd. & Galz. (Corticium) 681
confluens (Pers.) Fr. (Collybia) 334, 522
confluens Fr. (Corticium) 679
confluens Fr. (Corticium) 640
confluens Schwein. (Merulius) 620
confluens Fr. (Nidularia) 46
confluens (Pers.) Fr. (Sistotrema) 591
conformata Karst. (Inocybe) 202
confragosa (Bolt.) Fr. (Daedalea) 618
confragosa Fr. (Pholiota) 122
confragosus Bolt. (Boletus) 618
confusum B. & Br. (Porothelium) 645,
703
conglobata (Vitt.) Bres. (Clitocybe) 279
conglobata (Vitt.) Bres. (Clitocybe) 233,
279
congregatus (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 508
cornea (Pico.) Quel. (Volvaria) 96
conicus (Scop.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 307
conigena Fr. (Collybia) 521
conigena (Pers.) Bres. (Collybia) 334,
521
conigenus (Pers.) Karst. (Marasmius)
334, 337, 521
Conlophora (DC.) Pers. 12, 15, 626
Conlophorella Karst. 12, 15, 628
conissans Fr. (Flammula) 319
connata (Schum.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 279
connatus Fr. (Fomes) 596
connatus Karst. (Hygrophorus) 302
conocephalus Bull. (Bolbitius) 499
conopilea Fr. (Psathyra) 413
conopilea Fr. (Psathyra) 413
consimilis Cke. (Mycena) 389
consobrina Fr. (Russula) 465
consobrina Fr. (Russula) 465
conspersa (Pers.) Fr. (Naucoria) 359
conspersa (Pers.) Fr. (Naucoria) 439
conspersa Bres. (Odontia) 693
constricta Fr. (Armillaria) 73, 107
constricta (Fr.) Quel. (Lepiota) 73, 107
contigua (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 606
contiguus Fr. (Lentinus) 538
contorta (Holmsk.) Fr. (Clavaria) 718
contorta (Bull.) Gill. & Lucand (Col-
lybia) 329
contorta Fr. (Phlebia) 625
contorta Fr. (Phlebia) 624
controversus (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius)
480
Cookei Massee (Coniophora) 626
Cookei Quel. (Cortinarius) 181
Cookei Rich. (Entoloma) 247, 443
Cookei Massee (Gomphidius) 325
Cookei Bres. (Inocybe) 205
Cookei Massee (Lycoperdon) 36
Cookei Fr. (Pholiota) 112
Cookei Sacc. (Psilocybe) 361
Coprinus (Pers.) Fr. 8, 499
coprophila (Bull.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 365
coprophilum Wakef. (Corticium) 676
coracina Fr. (Collybia) 339
corallinum B. & Br. (Radulum) 641
coralloides (Linn.) Fr. (Clavaria) 705
INDEX
765
coralloides (Scop.) FT. (Hydnum) 636
cordisporus Gibbs (Coprinus) 511
corium (Pers.) Fr. (Merulius) 620
corium Pers. (Thelephora) 620
cornea (Batsch) Fr. (Calocera) 745
comiculata(Schaeff.) FT. (Clavaria) 708
cornucopiae (Paul.) Quel. (Pleurotus)
444
comucopioides (Linn.) Fr. (Craterellus)
546
coronatus (Schaeff. ) Lloyd (Geaster) 44
coroniferum von Hoehn. & Litsch.
(Corticium) 686
coronilla (Bull.) Fr. (Stropharia) 127
coronilla (Bull.) Fr. (Stropharia) 127
corrosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 142
corrugata (Fr.) Lev. (Hymenochaete)
669
corrugatum Fr. (Corticium) 669
corrugis (Pers.) Fr. (Psathyra) 414
corrugis (Pers.) Fr. (Psathyra) 418
corticalis Fr. (Calocera) 745
corticatus Fr. (Pleurotus) 441
corticatus FT. (Pleurotus) 442
Corticium (Pers.) 14, 18, 672
corticola (Schum.) Fr. (Mycena) 400
corticola Fr. (Poria) 606
Cortinarius Fr. 7, 132
coruscans Fr. (Cortinarius) 147
corydalina Quel. (Inocybe) 196
coryphaeum Fr. (Tricholoma) 215
cossus (Sow.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 292
costata (Viv.) Fr. (Psaliota) 87
costatum Fr. (Entoloma) 251
cothurnata Fr. (Stropharia) 132
cothurnatus Godey (Coprinus) 505
cotonea Quel. (Stropharia) 130, 264
cotoneus Fr. (Cortinarius) 166
craspedius Fr. (Pleurotus) 443
crassa Britzl. (Clavaria) 707
crassa (Lev.) B. & Br. (Hymenochaete)
670
crassa Lev. (Thelephora) 670
crassifolia(Berk.) Bres. (Collybia) 227,
328
crassifolium Berk. (Tricholoma) 227,
328
crassum (Fr.) Rick. (Hebeloma) 134
crassus Massee (Boletus) 566
crassus Fr. (Cortinarius) 134
crassus Fr. (Paxillus) 552
Craterellus Fr. 9, 546
cremea Bres. (Peniophora) 691
cremeum Bres. (Corticium) 691
cremor Fr. (Lactarius) 489
crenata (Lasch) Fr. (Psathyrella) 422
crenata (Lasch) Fr. (Psathyrella) 516
crenatus (Lasch) Rick. (Coprinus) 422
crenatus Massee (Lactarius) 496
Crepidotus Fr. 8, 454
cretacea (Bull.) Fr. (Lepiota) 74
cretacea Quel. (Pratella) 85
cretacea Fr. (Psaliota) 72, 85, 86
cretatus B. & Br. (Clitopilus) 311
crinale Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 651
crinalis (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (Caldesi-
ella) 638, 651
crinalis (Fr.) Bres. (Odontia) 651
Crinipellis Pat. 8, 534
crispa (Pers.) Rea (Plicatura) 622, 626
crispa (Wulf.) Fr. (Sparassis) 660
crispa (Pers.) Fr. (Trogia) 626
crispula Fr. (Clavaria) 714
crispus (Sow.) Fr. (Craterellus) 546
crispus (Pers.) Quel. (Merulius) 622,
626
crispus (Pers.) Quel. (Polyporus) 588
cristata (Holmsk.) Fr. (Clavaria) 705
cristata (Holmsk.) Fr. (Clavaria) 705
cristata (Pers.) Pat. (Cristella) 683, 686
cristata (A. & S.) Fr. (Lepiota) 71
cristata (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 737
cristatus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 581
Cristella Pat. 15, 686
cristulata Fr. (Odontia) 649
cristulatum Quel. (Stereum) 663
crobulus (Fr.) Quel. (Naucoria) 440
crobulus Fr. (Tubaria) 440
crocata (Schrad.) Fr. (Mycena) 395
crocea (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 713
croceocaeruleus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortin-
arius) 147
croceoconus Fr. (Cortinarius) 165
croceoferruginea Massee (Hymeno-
chaete) 670
croceofulvus (DC.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
173
croceotingens (Wakef.) Bres. (Gloeo-
cystidium) 686, 738
croceum (Kunze) Bres. (Corticium)
676
croceum Kunze & Schmidt (Sporo-
trichum) 676
croceus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 165
crocolitus Quel. (Cortinarius) 135
Crosslandii Cotton (Clavaria) 720
Crosslandii Massee (Peniophora) 693,
697
cruciatum (Lycoperdon) 32
Crucibulum Tul. 4, 46
cruenta Fr. (Mycena) 394
cruentata Cke. & Sm. (Pholiota) 121
cruentua Vent. (Boletus) 563
Crustacea (Schum.) Fr. (Thelephora)
657
crustaceus (Schum.) Karst. (Hypoch-
nus) 657
crustosa (Pera.) Fr. (Grandinia) 645, 649
crustosa (Pers.) Quel. (Odontia) 645,
649
766
INDEX
crustuliniforme (Bull.) Fr. (Hebeloma)
257
cryptarum (Letell.) B. & Br. (Clitocybe)
280
cryptarum (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 585
cryptarum (Letell.) W. G. Sm.
(Psaliota) 85
crystallina Bourd. (Heterochaetella)
738
crystallina von Hoehn. & Litsch.
(Peniophora) 693
crystallinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 146
Cucumis (Pers.) Fr. (Naucoria) 350,
404,405
culmigena Mont. & Fr. (Pistillaria) 723
cumatilis Fr. (Cortinarius) 145
cuneifolium Fr. (Tricholoma) 226
cuprea Cke. (Russula) 473
cupularis (BuU.) Quel. (Lactarius) 437,
490
cupularis (Bull.) Fr. (Tubaria) 437
cupulatus Fr. (Cantharellus) 545
Curreyi (B. & Br.) Rea (Androsaceus)
532
Curreyi B. & Br. (Cyphella) 698
Curreyi Berk. (Inocybe) 206, 207
Curreyi B. & Br. (Marasmius) 532
curta Fr. (Clavaria) 709
curtipes Fr. (Clitocybe) 271
curtus Kalchbr. (Coprinus) 516
curtus Fr. (Cortinarius) 176
curvipes Fr. (Pholiota) 120
cuspidata Fr. (Nolanea) 403
cuticularis (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 585
cuticulosa (Dicks.) Berk. (Cyphella)
700
cuticulosa Dicks. (Peziza) 700
cutifracta Cke. (Russula) 471
cyanescens (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 553
cyanescens (Bull.) Quel. (Gyroporus)
553
cyaneus Wakef. (Hypochnus) 656
cyanites Fr. (Cortinarius) 155
cyanophaea Fr. (Clitocybe) 272
cyanopus (Seer.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 135
cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. (Russula)
462
cyanulus (Lasch) Fr. (Leptonia) 344
cyathiforme (SchaefiE.) Fr. (Hydnum)
634
cyathiformis (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe)
285
cyathula Fr. (Lactartus) 490
Cyathus Haller 5, 46
cyclas Cke. & Phill. (Cyphella) 699
CynophalluS (Fr.) Cda. 3, 23
Cyphella Fr. 15, 698
Cyphellaceae 11, 15, 697
cyphellaeformis (Berk.) Cost. & Dufour
(Dictyolus) 451, 547
cyphellaeformis Berk. (Pleurotus) 451,
547
cystidia ix
cystidioles 14
Cytidia Quel. 15, 697
cytisinus (Berk.) Massee (Fomes) 595
cytisinus Berk. (Polyporus) 595
Dacryomitra Tul. 19, 743
Dacryomyces Nees 19, 740
Dacryopsis Massee 743
Daedalea (Pers.) Fr. 12, 617
damascenus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
183
dealbata (Sow.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 276
debilis Fr. (Mycena) 392
decastes Fr. (Clitocybe) 277
decastes (Fr.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 277
decipiens (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 191
decipiens W. G. Sm. (Flammula) 314
decolorans (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 147
decolorans Fr. (Russula) 470
decoloratus Fr. (Cortinarius) 146
Deconica W. G. Sm. 364
decora Fr. (Clitocybe) 219
decorum (Fr.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 219,
443
decorus Tul. (Hymenogaster) 26
decor us Fr. (Pleurotus) 219, 443
decumbens (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 160
decurrens (Boud.) Rea (Leptonia) 347
decussata Fr. (Flammula) 316
decussata Fr. (Flammula) 316
deformis Fr. (Irpex) 612
degener Fr. (Xerotus) 536
degener Fr. (Xerotus) 543
deglubens Fr. (Inocybe) 198
deglubens B. & Br. (Radulum) 641, 739
delecta Karst. (Inocybe) 199
delibutus Fr. (Cortinarius) 151
delica Auct. plur. (Russula) 458
delica Fr. (Russula) 457
delicata ( Fr. ) Boud. ( Armillaria) 81,107
delicata Fr. (Lepiota) 81, 107
deliciosus (Linn.) Fr. (Lactarius) 487
deliquescens (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 508
deliquescens (Bull.) Duby (Dacryo-
myces) 741
deliquescens (Tremella) 741
demissa Fr. (Omphalia) 428
denigrata Fr. (Armillaria) 110
densifolia (Seer.) Gill. (Russula) 459
dentata With. (Nidularia) 46
dentatus (With.) W. G. Sm. (Sphaero-
bolus) 46, 54
denticulata (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Acia) 638, 642
denticulata (Bolt.) Quel. (Mycena) 373
denticulatum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum)
638, 642
INDEX
767
depallens Cke. (Russula) 469
depallens (Cke.) Maire (Russula) 469
depilata (Pers.) Fr. (Stropharia) 125
depluens (Batsch) W. G. Sm. (Claudo-
pus) 453
depressum Bon. (Lycoperdon) 32
depressus Fr. (Cortinarius) 193
Dermocybe Fr. 160
descissa Fr. (Inocybe) 197
Desmazieres (Lycoperdon) 36
destricta Fr. (Inocybe) 206
destructor (Schrad.) Fr. (Polyporus)
589
destruens (Brond.) Fr. (Pholiota) 116
destruens (Brond.) Fr. (Pholiota) 117
detonsus Fr. (Cortinarius) 192
detritica Bourd. (Peniophora) 689
detrusa Fr. (Omphalia) 423
devexus Fr. (Cantharellus) 545
diabolicus Fr. (Cortinarius) 161
diatreta Fr. (Clitocybe) 288
dibaphus Fr. (Cortinarius) 141
dichroum (Pers.) FT. (Entoloma) 249
Dictyolus Quel. 9, 547
dictyorhizus (DC.) Quel. (Calathinus)
449
dictyorhizus (DC.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 449
diSormis (Schum.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 275
diffractum Fr. (Hebeloma) 260
digitalis (Batsch) Fr. (Coprinus) 508
dilatata Fr. (Mycena) 398
dilectus Fr. (Coprinus) 509
dilutus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 184
dimidiatus (Schaeff.) Sacc. (Pleurotus)
442
directa B. & Br. (Omphalia) 433
directa B. & Br. (Omphalia) 433
disciforme (DC.) Fr. (Stereum) 666, 671
disciformis (DC.) Pat. (Aleurodiscus)
666, 671
discoideus (Pers.) Fr. (Hygrophorus)
295
discopus Lev. (Mycena) 399
discopus Lev. (Mycena) 400
discoxanthus (Fr.) Rea (Hygrophorus)
292
dispersa B. & Br. (Naucoria) 359
dispersum Fr. (Hypholoma) 263
disseminata (Pers.) Fr. (Psathyrella)
422, 517
disseminatus (Pers.) Quel. (Coprinus)
422, 517
dissiliens Fr. (Mycena) 386
dissimulans B. & Br. (Pholiota) 121
dissipabilis Britzl. (Clavaria) 715
distans Berk. (Hygrophorus) 301
distorta Fr. (Collybia) 331
Ditiola FT. 19, 742
ditopus Fr. (Clitocybe) 288
diversidens Fr. (Hydnum) 637
dochmiospora B. & Br. (Cyphella) 700
dolabratus Fr. (Cortinarius) 189
domesticus (Pers.) Fr. (Coprinus) 513
Dorotheae Berk. (Collybia) 342
drimeia Cke. (Russula) 467
dryadeus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 584
dryinus (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 442
dryinus (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 441
dryophila (Bull.) Fr. (Collybia) 337,
524, 525
dryophilus (Bull.) Karst. (Marasmius)
337, 381, 524
dulcamara (A. & S.) Fr. (Inocybe) 203
dulcidula Schulz. (Psaliota) 91
Dunalii (DC.) Fr. (Lentinus) 537
Dunalii (DC.) Quel. (Lentinus) 537
Duportii PhiU. (Russula) 476
Duportii (Phill.) Massee (Russula) 476
dura (Bolt.) Fr. (Pholiota) 114
duracinum Cke. (Tricholoma) 239
duracinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 183
duriuscula Rea (Astrosporina) 208
duriuscula Rea (Inocybe) 208
duriusculus Schulz. (Boletus) 572
eburneus Quel. (Coprinus) 517
eburneus (Bull. ) FT. (Hygrophorus) 292
ecbola Fr. (Tubaria) 440
Ecchyna Fr. 17, 729
Ecchynaceae 17, 729
ECCHYNINEAE xi, 16, 17, 729
Eccilia Fr. 8, 435
echinata (Roth.) Cke. (Inocybe) 206
echinata (Roth.) Boud. (Lepiota) 77
echinata (Roth.) Fr. (Psaliota) 91
echinatum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 32
echinocephala Vitt. (Amanita) 102
echinospora W. G. Sm. (Naucoria) 350
echinosporum Ellis (Corticium) 657,
682
echinosporus Buller (Coprinus) 504
echinosporus (Ellis) Burt (Hvpochnus)
657, 682
ectypa Fr. (Clitocybe) 289
ectypa (Fr.) Quel. (Collybia) 289
edulis (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 566
effugiens Quel. (Naucoria) 361, 456
effusa Schroet. (Platygloea) 726
egenulum B. & Br. (Hypholoma) 268
egregium Massee (Hypholoma) 265
egregius Massee (Panaeolus) 370
Eichleriella Bres. 14, 18, 738
elaeodes Fr. (Hypholoma) 262
elata Massee (Psathyra) 413
elatior Fr. (Cortinarius) 150
elatum (Batsch) Fr. (Hebeloma) 257
datum Quel. (Hebeloma) 258
electica Bucknall (Mycena) 399
dectrina Phill. & Plowr. (Peziza) 741
degans Sow. (Auricularia) 665
768
INDEX
elegans (Schum.) Fr. (Boletus) 558
elegans Massee (Cortinarius) 152
elegans Massee (Hebeloma) 253
elegans (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 374
elegans (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 577
elegans Bres. (Russula) 461
elegantior Fr. (Cortinarius) 143
elephantina Fr. (Russula) 458
elixa (Sow.) Berk. (Clitocybe) 278
elongata Berk. (Psaliota) 88
elongata (Pers.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 363
Elvensis B. & Br. (Psaliota) 83
Elvensis B. & Br. (Psaliota) 82
elytroides (Scop.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 229
embola Fr. (Tubaria) 439
emetica (Schaeff.) Fr. (Russula) 468
Emilii Riel (Amanita) 101
emollitus Fr. (Cortinarius) 145
emplastrum Cke. & Massee (Lepiota)
68
empyreumatica B. & Br. (Psathyrella)
421
encephcda (Willd.)Fr. (Naematelia) 732
encephala (Willd.) Quel. (Tremella)
732
endoperidium x
Entoloma Fr. 7, 243
Eocronartlum Atkinson 17, 728
ephebius Fr. (Pluteus) 58
ephemeroides (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus)
509
ephemerus Bull. (Agaricus) 511
ephemeras (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 515
epibryus Fr. (Crepidotus) 456
epichloe (Fr.) Rea (Androsaceus) 533
epichloe Fr. (Marasmius) 533
epichysium (Pers.) Fr. (Omphalia) 426
epigaea B. & Br. (Sebacina) 731
epigaea B. & Br. (Tremella) 731
epigaeus (Pers.) B. & Br. (Crepidotus)
455
epileata W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 85
epileucum B. & Br. (Radulum) 641
epileucus Fr. (Polyporus) 589
epimyces (Peck) Atk. (Stropharia) 63
epiphylla Fr. (Calocera) 745
epiphylloides Rea (Androsaceus) 534
epiphyllus (Fr.) Pat. (Androsaceus)
533
epiphyttus Fr. (Marasmius) 533, 534
epipterygia (Scop.) Fr. (Mycena) 396
epipterygioides Pears. (Mycena) 396
Eplthele Pat. 14, 671
epixanthum Fr. (Hypholoma) 262
epixantkus Rostk. (Polyporus) 590
equestre (Linn.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 215
erebia Fr. (Pholiota) 112
erebia Fr. (Pholiota) 110
erecta Rea (Phlebia) 625
erecta (Bres.) (Polyporus) 579
ericaea (Pers.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 362
ericaea (Pers.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 362
ericetorum Pers. (Clavaria) 716
ericetorum (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 285
ericeus (Bull.) Schroet. (Hygrophorus)
300
erinacea Fr. (Naucoria) 121, 359
erinacea (Fr.) Quel. (Pholiota) 121, 359
erinaceus (Bull.) Fr. (Hydnum) 636
eriocephala Rea (Collybia) 327
erminea Fr. (Lepiota) 73
erophilum (Fr. (Entoloma) 244
erubescens Fr. (Hygrophorus) 293
erythrinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 190
erythrocephalus (Lev.) Fr. (Coprinus)
508
erythropus (Pers.) Quel. (Boletus) 571
erythropus (Pers.) Quel. (Collybia) 337,
521
erythropus (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 521
erythropus (Phacoriza) 721
erythropus (Fr.) Peltereau (Russula)
471
erythropus (Bolt.) Fr. (Typhula) 721
escharoides Fr. (Naucoria) 360
esculenta (Wulf.) Fr. (Collybia) 334r
521
esculentus (Wulf.) Karst. (Marasmius)
334, 521
euchlora (Lasch) Fr. (Leptonia) 346
euchroa (Pers.) Fr. (Leptonia) 345
EU-HOMOBASIDHNEAE xi, 1, 2,
21
Euonymi (Kalchbr.) Cke. (Fomes) 594
euosmus (Berk.) Cke. (Pleurotus) 445
eupora Karst. (Poria) 600
Eusebacina Rea 737
eustygia Cke. (Collybia) 339
eutheles B. & Br. (Inocybe) 195
evectum Grove (Tricholoma) 241
evernius Fr. (Cortinarius) 172
evolvens Fr. (Corticium) 673, 682
exannulata Cke. (Psaliota) 88
excelsa Fr. (Amanita) 102
excentricus Fr. (Paxillus) 551
excipuliforme Desmaz. (Lycoperdon)
36
excipuliforme (Scop.) Pers. (Lyco-
perdon) 31
excisa, Lasch (Mycena) 382
excisa (Lasch) Gillet (Mycena) 382
excoriata (Schaeff.) Fr. (Lepiota) 66
Exidia Fr. 18, 734
exilis Fr. (Nolanea) 405
eximius Saund. & Sm. (Pluteus) 57
Exobasidiaceae 16, 725
EXOBASIDIALES 1, 16, 725
EXOBASIDIINEAE xi, 1, 16, 725
Exobasidium Woronin 16, 725
exoperidium x
INDEX
769
expallens (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 285
expallens Boud. (Hygrophorus) 296
expallens Fr. (Mycena) 379
expallens Gill. (Russula) 467
expolita Fr. (Psathyrella) 422
exscissum Fr. (Tricholoma) 241
exscissum Fr. (Tricholoma) 241
exsculpta Fr. (Collybia) 338, 525
exsculptus (Fr.) Rea (Marasmius) 338,
525
exserta (Viv.) Rea (Psaliota) 88
exsuccus (Otto) Fr. (Lactarius) 458, 487
extenuatus Fr. (Paxillus) 549
extinctorius (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 503
extuberans (Batt.) Fr. (Collybia) 337
exumbonatus Boud. (Lactarius) 490
Eyrei Wakef. (Bourdotia) 686, 738
Eyrei (Massee) Rea (Glaucospora) 56,
62
Eyrei Bres. (Poria) 602
Eyrei Massee (Schulzeria) 56, 62
Eyrei Wakef. (Sebacina) 686
fagetorum (Fr.) Gillet (Mycena) 382
Fagi (B. & Br.) Cke. (Paxillus) 553
faginea (B. & Br.) Fr. (Ecchyna) 729
faginea B. & Br. (Pilacre) 729
faginea (Schrad.) Karst. (Plicatura) 626
fagineum (Pers.) Fr. (Radulum) 640,
641
fallax Quel. (Cortinarius) 178
fattax Schaeff. (Russula) 468
fallax (Schaeff.) Massee (Russula) 468
fallax Peck (Tricholoma) 231
falsarius Fr. (Cortinarius) 182
farinacea (Pers.) Bourd. & GaLz.
(Grandinia) 638, 643
farinacea Rea (Hydnopsis) 650
farinaceum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 638,
643
farinaceus (Schum.) Rea (Panus) 536
farinaceus Fr. (Panus) 535, 536
farinella Fr. (Poria) 607
Farrahii Massee & Crossland (Ento-
loma) 246
farrea (Lasch) Fr. (Mycena) 379
fasciata (Cke. & Massee) Rea (Astro-
sporina) 210
fasciata Cke. & Massee (Inocybe) 210
fasciatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 194
fasciculare (Huds.) Fr. (Hypholoma)
262, 290
fascicularis (Huds.) Quel. (Flammu-
loides) 262
faeciculata Pers. (Solenia) 702
fastibile Fr. (Hebeloma) 253
fastidiosa (Pers.) FT. (Thelephora) 686
fastidiosum (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Corticium) 683, 686
fastigiata (Linn.) Fr. (Clavaria) 708
fastigiata (Schaeff.) Fr. (Inocybe) 206,
207
fatua Fr. (Psathyra) 268, 416
fatuum (Fr.) Quel. (Hypholoma) 268,
416
favosum (Rostk.) Bonord. (Lycoperdon)
30
felina (Pers.) Fr. (Lepiota) 71
fellea Fr. (Russula) 466
felleus (Bull.) FT. (Boletus) 554
felleus (Bull.) Karst. (Tylopilus) 554
Femsjonia FT. 19, 743
ferruginea (Auricularia) 667
fermginea (Schum.) Fr. (Daedalea) 619
ferrugineum Auct. pi. (Hydnum) 651
ferrugineum Fr. (Hydnum) 634
ferrugineus (Pers.) Fr. (Hypochnus)
ferruginosa Sacc. (Caldesiella) 651
ferruginosa (Schrad.) Fr. (Poria) 594,
606
ferruginosum Fr. (Hydnum) 638
ferruginosus (Schrad.) Massee (Fomes)
594, 606
ferruginosus Fr. (Polyporus) 594, 602
fertile Berk. (Entoloma) 247
festiva Fr. (Naucoria) 348
fibrillosa FT. (Inocybe) 199
fibrillosa (Pers.) Fr. (Psathyra) 268,
417
fibrillosum (Pers.) Quel. (Hypholoma)
268, 417
fibrosa (Sow.) Rea (Astrosporina) 208
fibrosa (Sow.) Fr. (Inocybe). 208
fibula (Bull.) Fr. (Omphalia) 433
fibula Fr. (Polystictus) 609
ficoides (Bull.) Schroet. (Hygrophorus)
filamentosa (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pholiota)
117
flamentosum W. G. Sm. (Corticium)
682
filaris Fr. (Pholiota) 113
filia FT. (Flammula) 317
filicea Cke. (Flammula) 324
filiformis (Clavaria) 721
filiformis B. & Br. (Coprinus) 517
filiformis (Phacorhiza) 721
filiformis (Bull.) Fr. (Typhula) 721
Slopes (Bull.) Fr. (Mycena) 390
fimbriata (Bolt.) Quel. (Clitocybe) 443
fimbriata (Pers.) FT. (Odontia) 639
fimbriata (Pers.) Fr. (Tremella) 730
fimbriatum (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Mycoleptodon) 639
fimbriatum (Pers.) Fr. (Porothelium)
703
fimbriatus Fr. (Geaster) 42
fimbriatus Currey (Lentinus) 540
fimbriatus (Bolt.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 443
49
770
INDEX
fimetarius (Linn.) Fr. (Coprinus) 503,
504
fimicola Fr. (Panaeolus) 372
fimiputris (Bull.) Karst. (Anellaria) 92
fimiputris (Bull.) FT. (Panaeolus) 92
fingibilis Britz. (Russula) 463
fmitimus Weinm. (Cortinarius) 157
firma Fr. (Inocybe) 195
firmum Fr. (Hebeloma) 254
firmus Fr. (Cortinarius) 182
Fistulina (Bull.) Fr. 12, 629
Fistulinaceae 10, 12, 629
fistulosa (Holmsk.) Fr (Clavaria) 718
fistulosa (Holmsk.) Fr. (Clavaria) 718
flabelliformis (Bolt.) Fr. (Lentinus)
540
•flabelliformis (Schaeff.) Quel. (Panus)
535
flabellum Fr. (Cortinarius) 178
flaccida Fr. (Clavaria) 712
flaccida (Sow.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 283
flaccida (Bull.) Fr. (Lenzites) 612
flammaw (Scop.). Schroet. (Hygro-
phorus) 305
flammans Fr. (Pholiota) 120
flammea (Schaeff.) Quel. (Calocera) 744
Flammula Fr. 7, 313
flava (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clavaria) 710
flava Cke. (Omphalia) 429
flaveolum Massee (Corticium) 682
flavescens (Bon.) Massee (Corticium)
678
flavescens Cke. (Cortinarius) 139
(C5
flavescens Bon. (Hypochnus) 678
flavescens Quel. (Lycoperdon) 31
flavescens Gillet (Psaliota) 86
flavida (Schaeff.) Fr. (Flammula) 319
flavida Cke. (Russula) 473
flavidus (Bolt.) Massee (Bolbitius) 497
flavidus Fr. (Boletus) 559
flavidus Boud. (Lactarius) 484
flavidus Boud. (Lactarius) 483
flavipes Quel. (Mycena) 378
flavoalba Fr. (Mycena) 380
flavobrunneum Fr. (Tricholoma) 217
flavovirens Berk. & Rav. (Polyporus)
578
flavus With. (Boletus) 559
flavus (With.) Rea (Boletus) 559
flexipes Fr. (Cortinarius) 178
flexipes Karst. (Galera) 407
flexuosus Fr. (Lactarius) 484
flexuosus Massee (Lactarius) 492
floccifera B. & Br. (Flammula) 314
floccipes Fr. (Collybia) 333
floccosus Karst. (Pluteus) 59
flocculenta (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch.
(Cytidia) 683, 697
flocculentum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 697
flocculosa Berk. (Inocybe) 202, 207
flocculosum Boud. (Hypholoma) 267
flocculosus (DC.) Fr. (Coprinus) 503
floriforme (Schaeff.) Quel. (Hydnum)
634
flosculinus (Bataille) Rea (Androsaceus)
flosculus W. G. Sm. (Eccilia) 436
flosculus Quel. (Marasmius) 530
flos-sulfuris Schnitz. (Agaricus) 74
fluens Boud. (Lactarius) 482
flurstedtiensis (Batsch) Sacc. (Crepi-
dotus) 455
fluxilis (Fr.) Quel. (Calathinus) 451
fluxilis Fr. (Pleurotus) 451
focalis Fr. (Armillaria) 106
focalis Fr. (Armillaria) 106
fodiens Kalchbr. (Collybia) 330
foenisecii (Pers.) Quel. (Psathyra) 369,
413
foenisecii (Pers.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 369,
413
foetens Phill. (Hygrophorus) 300
foetens (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 464
foetidum B. & Br. (Corticium) 682
foetidum Pers. (Merisma) 652
foetidus (Sow.) Fr. (Marasmius) 526
foetidus (Phallus) 23
foliacea (Bref.) Bres. (Exidia) 736
foliacea (Pers.) Fr. (Tremella) 730
foliacea Bref. (Ulocolla) 736
foliicola Fuck. (Tremella) 732
fomentarius (Linn.) Fr. (Fomes) 592
Fomes Fr. 11, 592
formosa Fr. (Amanita) 100
formosa (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 710
formosa Fr. (Leptonia) 347
fornicatus (Huds.) Fr. (Geaster) 44
fornicatus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 301
fornicatus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 301
Forquignoni Quel. (Polyporus) 579
fragiformis (Pers.) Fr. (Dacryomyces)
740
fragile Fr. (Hydnum) 631
fragilis Seer. (Agaricus) 468
fragilis (Linn.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 498
fragilis (Clavaria) 715
fragilis (Holmsk.) Fr. (Clavaria) 717
fragilis Fr. (Polyporus) 588
fragilis Fr. (Russula) 468
fragilis (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 468
fragrans Vitt. (Boletus) 568
fragrans Sow. (Clitocybe) 287
fragrans (Sow.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 289
fragrans (Peck) Rea (Polyporus) 587
fraxineus (Bull.) Fr. (Fomes) 595
fraxinicola B. & Br. (Cyphella) 704
fraxinicola (B. & Br.) Rea (Phaeo-
cyphella) 704
Friesii Quel. (Cantharellus) 542
INDEX
771
Friesii Quel. (Coprinus) 514
Friesii (Lasch) Fr. (Lepiota) 67
Friesii Mont. (Porothelium) 703
frondosa Fr. (Tremella) 730
frondosus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Polyporus)
580
frumentacea (Bull.) Bres. (Inocybe) 205
frumentaceum (Bull.) Berk. (Entoloma)
247
frumentaceum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma)
219
frustulenta Fr. (Psathyra) 416
frustulosum Sacc. (Coprinus) 506
frustulosum (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 665
fucatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 216
fuciforme (Berk.) Wakef. (Corticium)
675
fuciformis Me Alp. (Hypochnus) 675
fuciformis Berk. (Isaria) 675
fugacissima Bourd. & Galz. (Sebacina)
737
fugax Fr. (Merulius) 624
fugax Fr. (Merulius) 621
fulgens (A. & S.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 142
fulgida Fr. (Pistillaria) 723
fuliginea Pers. (Clavaria) 713
fuliginea (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 707
fuligineo-album Schmidt (Hydnum)
631
fuligineus Fr. (Boletus) 555
fuligineus (Fr.) Bat. (Phaeoporus) 555
fuliginosa (Pers.?) Bres. (Hymeno-
chaete) 669
fuliginosa (Pers.) Lev. (Hymenochaete)
669
fuliginosus Fr. (Lactarius) 492
fuliginosus (Scop.) Quel. (Polyporus)
585
fulmineus Fr. (Cortinarius) 143
fulva (Schaeff.) W. G. Sm. (Amanitop-
sis) 93
fulva Rea (Astrosporina) 212
fulva Berk. & Rav. (Cyj
fulva Pat. (Inocybe) 197
fulvaster Viv. (Psaliota) 87
fulvella (Bres.) Rea (Astrosporina) 213
fulvella Bres. (Inocybe) 213
fulvella Rea (Lepiota) 70
fulvellum Fr. (Tricholoma) 217
fulvescens Fr. (Cortinarius) 189
fulvidus Fr. (Boletus) 554
fulvidus (Fr.) Pat. (Gyroporus) 554
fulvidus (Fr.) Pat. (Gyroporus) 554
fulvobrunneus Fr. (Cortinarius) 153
fulvostrigosa B. & Br. (Nolanea) 403
fulvum (DC.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 217
fulvus Fr. (Fomes) 593
fulvus (Quel.) Rea (Fomes) 594
fumosa (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 717
fumosa Fr. (Clitocybe) 238, 278
fumosa (Pers.) QueL (Collybia) 222,
278, 328
fumosa (Pers.) Quel. (Collybia) 329
fumosum Fr. (Corticium) 658
fumosus Pers. (Agaricus) 278
fumosus Fr. (Hypochnus) 625, 628,
658, 682
fumosus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 587
fumosus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 618
funicularis Fr. (Collybia) 337, 524
funicularis (Fr.) Rea (Marasmius) 337,
524
f uniculus x
furcata W. G. Sm. (Pistillaria) 723
furcata (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 463
furfuracea Pers. (Naucoria) 409
furfuracea (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Tubaria)
437
furfuracea (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Tubaria)
439
furfuraceum (Schaeff.) Sacc. (Lycoper-
don) 36
fusca Quel. (Russula) 475
fuscatus Fr. (Polystictus) 609
fuscescens (Schaeff.) Fr. (Coprinus)
502
fuscescens (Schaeff.) Quel. (Coprinus)
501
fuscidulus (Schrad.) Fr. (Polyporua)
577
fuscoalbus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 297
fuscoatra (Fr.) Pat. (Acia) 638, 642
fuscoatrum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 642
fuscocarnea (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 601
fuscopallens Fr. (Cortinarius) 177
fuscopurpurea (Lasch) Cke. (Mycena)
376
fuscopurpureus(Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius)
520
fuscopurpureus (Pers.) Quel. (Maras-
mius) 520
fuscoruber Quel. (Boletus) 567
fuscospora Curr. (Cyphella) 704
fuscospora (Curr. ) Rea (Phaeocyphella)
704
fuscotinctus Rea (Cortinarius) 154
fuscoviolaceus Fr. (Irpex) 610
fuscum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 654
fuscum Pers. (Hydnum) 651
fuscum (Schrad.) Quel. (Stereum) 665
fuscus (Pers.) Fr. (Hypochnus) 654
fusiformis (Agaricus) 329
fusiformis (Sow.) Fr. (Clavaria) 714
fusipes (Bull.) Berk. (Collybia) 329
fusipes Pers. (Hydnum) 633
fusus (Batsch) Fr. (Flammula) 317
fusus (Batsch) Fr. (Flammula) 320
gadinoides W. G. Sm. (Pleurotus)
448
49—2
772
INDEX
Gaillardii (Gillet) Rea (Astrosporina)
211
Gaillardii GiUet (Inocybe) 211
galeata (Schum.) Fr. (Cyphella) 704
galeata (Schum.) Bres. (Phaeocyphella)
704
Galera Fr. 8, 406
galericulata (Scop.) Fr. (Mycena) 383
galeropsis Fr. (Mycena) 381, 525
gallinacea (Scop.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 277
galochroa Fr. (Russula) 464
galopus (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 395
Galzinii Bourd. (Corticium) 675
gambosum Fr. (Tricholoma) 232
gangraenosa Fr. (Clitocybe) 270
Ganoderma (Karst.) Pat. 11, 597
GASTBROMYCKTAE ix, x
GASTEROMYCETALES xi, 1, 2, 21
gausapatum Fr. (Stereum) 663
gausapatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 223
Geaster (Micheli) Fr. 4, 40
Geaster Fr. (Sclerodenna) 50
gelatinosa Massee (Aldridgea) 660
gelatinosa (Tode) Fr. (Hypocrea) 745
gelatinosum (Scop.) Pers. (Tremel-
lodon) 736
gemmata (Lev.) Bourd. & Maire
(Exidia) 735
gemmata Lev. (Tremella) 735
gemmatum Auct. pi. (Lycoperdon) 34
gentianeum Quel. (Tricholoma) 220,
221
gentilis Fr. (Cortinarius) 174
geophila (Bull.) Quel. (Inocybe) 196
geophylla (Sow.) Fr. (Inocybe) 196
geophylla (Sow.) Fr. (Inocybe) 197
Georgii (Clus.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 232
Georgii (L'Ecluse) Quel. (Tricholoma)
232
Georginae W. G. Sm. (Lepiota) 81
geotropa (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 283
geotropa (Bull.) Quel. (Clitocybe) 280
germanus Fr. (Cortinarius) 191
gibbosa (Pers.) Fr. (Trametes) 614
Gibbsii Massee & Crossland (Coprinus)
514
gigantea (Sow.) Quel. (Clitocybe) 280,
549
gigantea (Fr.) Massee (Peniophora)
683, 693, 697
giganteum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 693
giganteum (Batsch) Pers. (Lycoperdon)
30
giganteus (Sow.) FT. (Paxillus) 280,
549
giganteus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 583
gigaspora Ctftton (Clavaria) 706
gilva Fr. (Clitocybe) 282
gilva Fr. (Clitocybe) 549
gilvescens Bres. (Poria) 600
gilvus (Agaricus) 283
gilvus Schwein. (Polyporus) 586
glabra Gillet (Armillaria) 109
glandicolor Fr. (Cortinarius) 176
glandiformis W. G. Sm. (Naucoria) 353
glandulosa (Bull.) Fr. (Exidia) 735
glandulosus (Bull.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 445
glareosa B. & Br. (Psathyra) 417
glaucescens Crossland (Lactarius) 485,
486
glaucocanum Bres. (Tricholoma) 237
glauconitens Fr. (Hygrophorus) 309
glaucophylla (Lasch) Fr. (Omphalia)
427
glaucopus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
139
Glaucospora Rea 6, 62
glaucus (Batsch) Fr. (Cantharellus)
546, 548
glaucus (Batsch) Quel. (Dictyolus)
546, 548
gleba x
glebulosa (Fr.) Bres. (Peniophora) 688
glebulosa Fr. (Thelephora) 688
glioderma (Fr.) Quel. (Armillaria) 81,
107
glioderma Fr. (Lepiota) 81, 107
Glischroderma (Fuck.) Rea 5, 54
Glischrodermataeeae 3, 5, 53
globularis Fr. (Marasmius) 519, 521
gloeocystidia 14
Gloeocystidium Karst. 14, 683
gloiocephala DC. (Volvaria) 95
gloiocephala (DC.) Fr. (Volvaria) 95
glossoides (Pers.) Fr. (Calocera) 744
glossoides (Pers.) Bref. (Dacryomitra)
744
glutinifer Fr. (Hygrophorus) 294
glutinosum (Lindgr.) Fr. (Hebeloma)
254, 315
glutinosus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Gomphidius)
324
glyciosmus Fr. (Lactarius) 491
Godeyi GiUet (Inocybe) 198, 207, 214
Goldbachii Weinm. (Cyphella) 701
Goliath Fr. (Armillaria) 106
Gomphidius Fr. 7, 324
Gordoniensis B. & Br. (Poria) 603
Gordonii (B. & Br.) Big. & Guillem.
(Hypholoma) 269, 417
Gordonii B. & Br. (Psathyra) 269, 417
gossypina (Lev.) Quel. (Daedalea) 609,
6l8
gossypina (Bull.) Fr. (Psathyra) 268,
gossypinum (Bull.) Quel. (Hypholoma)
268, 418
gossypinus (Lev.) Massee (Polystictus)
609, 618
gracilenta (Krombh.) Fr. (Lepiota) 66
INDEX
773
gracilescens Fr. (Cortinarius) 187
gracilis Cat. de S. et L. (Amanita) 104
gracilis Rea (Clavaria) 706
gracilis Quel. (Cortinarius) 192
gracilis B. & Br. (Gomphidius) 326
gracilis B. & Br. (Gomphidius) 325
gracilis (Quel.) Rea (Lepiota) 70 '
gracilis Quel. (Omphalia) 434
gracilis B. & Br. (Psathyra) 414
gracilis Fr. (Psathyrella) 419
gracilis Berk. & Desm. (Typhula) 722
gracillima (Weinm.) Fr. (Omphalia)
434
gracillima White (Typhula) 722
grallipes Fr. (Cortinarius) 150
graminicola (Nees) Fr. (Nauooria) 360
graminicolor (Seer.) Quel. (Russula)
472
graminum (Lib.) Pat. (Androsaceus)
531
graminum (Lib.) Berk. (Marasmius)
526, 531
grammocephala (Bull.) Quel. (Collybia)
328
grammopodium (Bull.) Fr. (Tricho-
loma) 239
Grandinia (Fr.) Pat. 13, 643
grandis Rea (Pholiota) 118
grandiusculus Cke. & Massee (Bol-
bitius) 497
Grangei Eyre (Schulzeria) 56
granulatus (Linn.) Fr. (Boletus) 560
granulosa Fr. (Grandinia) 644
granulosa (Pers.) Bourd. & Maire
(Grandinia) 644
granulosa (Batsch) Fr. (Lepiota) 75
granulosa (Cke.) Rea (Russula) 466
granulosus (Peck) Burt (Hypochnus)
655
graveolens (Delast.) Fr. (Hydnum) 633
Grevillei Fr. (Typhula) 721
grisea Massee (Amanita) 98
grisea (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 713
grisea Fr. (Omphalia) 433
grisea Fr. (Omphalia) 387
grisea (Pers.) Bres. (Russula) 471
griseocyaneum Fr. (Entoloma) 248
griseola (Pers.) Quel. (Omphalia) 431
griseopallida Weinm. (Cyphella) 698
grise&pattida (Weinm.) Berk. (Cyphella)
701
griseopallida (Desm.) Fr. (Omphalia)
griseorimosum (Batach) Cke. (Tricho-
loma) 227
griseorubella (Lasch) Fr. (Eccilia) 436
griseus Vitt. (Hymenogaster) 27
grossa (Pers.) Quel. (Clavaria) 707
Guepinia Fr. 18, 733
Guillemotii Boud. (Merulius) 622
gummosa (Lasch) Fr. (Flammula) 316
gummosa (Lasch) Fr. (Flammula) 131
guttata (Pers.) Quel. (Lepiota) 80
guttatum Schaeff. (Tricholoma) 221
guttatum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma)
220
Gymnopilus (Karst.) Maire 313
gymnopodia (Bull) Fr. (Flammula)
313
gymnopodius Bull. (Agaricus) 110
gypsea Fr. (Mycena) 381
gyrans (Batsch) Fr. (Typhula) 721
Gyrocephalus Pers. 733
Gyrodon Opatowski 10, 556
gyroflexa Fr. (Psathyra) 414
Gyroporus (Quel.) Pat. 9, 553
haemacta Berk. & Cke. (Inocybe) 202
haematites B. & Br. (Armillaria) 108
haematochdis (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
172
haematodes Rostk. (Polyporus) 601
haematopus (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 394
haematospenna (Bull) Boud. (Lepiota)
77, 91, 206
haematosperma (Bull.) Fr. (Psaliota) 91
haemorrhoidaria Kalchbr. (Psaliota)
89
hamadryas Fr. (Naucoria) 349
hapala Fr. (Galera) 406
hariolorum (DC.) Fr. (Collybia) 333,
522
hariolorum (DC.) Quel. (Marasmius)
333, 334, 522
Hartigii (Allesch.) Sacc. & Trav.
(Fomes) 593
Hartigii Allesch. (Polyporus) 593
haustellaris Fr. (Crepidotus) 455
Hebeloma Fr. 7, 252
hebes Fr. (Psilocybe) 368
Helicobasidium Pat. 17, 726, 728
helobia Kalchbr. (Psathyra) 418
helodes Fr. (Entoloma) 245
helomorpha Fr. (Flammula) 323
hdomorphus (Fr.) Quel. (Paxillus) 323
hdvelloides (Bull.) Quel. (Cantharellus)
545
helvelloides Fr. (Cortinarius) 174
helvelloides (DC.) Fr. (Guepinia) 733
helveola Bres. (Lepiota) 70
helvetica (Pers.) Fr. (Grandinia) 643
helvola (Schaeff.) Massee (Psilocybe)
362
helvolus Fr. (Cortinarius) 173
helvus Fr. (Lactarius) 490
hemerobius Fr. (Coprinus) 517
hemitrichus Fr. (Cortinarius) 179
Henderaonii Berk. (Coprinus) 510
Henriettae W. G. Sm. (CoUybia) 327
hepatica (Huds.) Fr. (Fistulina) 629
774
INDEX
hepatica (Batsch) FT. (Omphalia) 428
Jtepatica (Batsch) Qu61. (Omphalia)
425
hepaticus (Plowr.) Boud. (Lactarius)
489
Herbergii (Rostk.) B. & Br. (Poly-
porus) 582
Herefordiensis Renny (Pholiota) 112
herpeticus FT. (Cortinarius) 145
HETEROBASIDIAE xi, 1, 16, 725
Heterochaetella Bourd. 18, 738
heteroclita Fr. (Pholiota) 117
heteroclita Fr. (Pholiota) 116
heteroclitus Bolt. (Boletus) 583
heteroclitus Sow (Boletus) 610
heteroclitus (Bolt.) Fr. (Polyporus) 583
heteromorpha Fr. (Lenzites) 63
heterophylla Fr. (Russula) 464
heterosticha Fr. (Tubaria) 438
hiascens (Fr.) Quel. (Coprinus) 420, 517
hiascens Fr. (Psathyrella) 420, 517
HIatula Fr. 6, 81
hibernica B. & Br. (Poria) 603
hiemale Bres. (Hebeloma) 257
hiemalis (Osbeck) Fr. (Mycena) 400
himantioides Fr. (Merulius) 623
hinnuleus (Sow.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 174
hircinus (Bolt.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 157
Hirneola Fr. 727
hirneola Fr. (Clitocybe) 271
hirsuta (Lasch) Fr. (Inocybe) 206
hirsutum (WiUd.) Fr. (Stereum) 664
hirsutus (Wulf.) Fr. (Polystictus) 608
hirtus (Seer.) Quel. (Panus) 535
hispida Lasch (Lepiota) 69
hiepida (Lasch) Fr. (Lepiota) 67
hispida (Bagl.) Quel. (Trametes) 614
hispidulus Fr. (Pluteus) 59
hispidus (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 584
hiulca (Fr.) Rea (Astrosporina) 214
hiulca (Fr.) Bres. (Inocybe) 214
hiulca (Fr.) Kalchbr. (Inocybe) 198,
207
Hobsonii Berk. (Pleurotus) 451
Hollii (Schmidt) Fr. (Hydnum) 638,
645
Hollii (Schmidt) Rea (Odontia) 638,
645
Holmiensis Fr. (Polyporus) 618
holophaeum Fr. (Hebeloma) 256
holopus Rostk. (Boletus) 573
holosericea Fr. (Lepiota) 73
HOMOBAS1DIAE xi, 1, 2, 21
hordum Fr. (Tricholoma) 228
horizontalis (Bull.) Quel. (Galera) 351
horizontalis (Bull.) Fr. (Naucoria) 351
horribile Rea (Tricholoma) 225
hortensis (Cke.) W. G. Sm. (Psaliota)
84
Houghtoni Berk. (Hygrophorus) 304
Houghtonii Phill. (Cantharellus) 545
Hoylei Berk. (Lycoperdon) 33
Hudsonii (Pers.) Pat. (Androsaceus)
532
Hudsonii (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 532
humile Pers. (Tricholoma) 241
humile (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 241
humosum Fr. (Tricholoma) 279
humosus Fr. (Agaricus) 279
hyalinus Pers. (Dacryomyces) 731,
735, 741
hyalinus (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Dacryomyces) 741
hybrida Fr. (Flammula) 321
hybrida (B. & Br.) Massee (Poria) 599
hybridus Sow. (Boletus) 599
Hydnaceae 10, 12, 629
Hydnangium Wallr. 4, 28
hydnoidea (Fr.) von Hoehn. (Eutypa)
hydnoidea (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Peniophora) 641, 695
hydnoides Cke. & Massee (Peniophora)
693, 697
Hydnopsis (Schroet.) Rea 13, 650
Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. 12, 13, 630, 639,
641, 643, 645, 651
Hydrocybe Fr. 181
hydrogramma (Bull.) Fr. (Omphalia)
423
hydrophila Massee (Naucoria) 355
hydrophilum Bull. (Hypholoma) 268
hydrophilum (Bull.) Fr. (Hypholoma)
268, 497
hydrophilus (Bull.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 268,
497
hydrophora (Bull.) Fr. (PsathyreUa)
420, 509
hydrophorus (Bull.) Quel. (Coprinus)
420, 509
hyemale (Pers.) Vitt. (Lycoperdon)
32
hygrometricum Pers. (Geastrum) 51
hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan (As-
traeus) 42, 51
hygrometricus Pers. (Geaster) 42, 51
hygrophila Fr. (Psilocybe) 368
Hygrophorus Fr. 7, 291
hymenium ix, x
Hymenochaete Lev. 14, 667
hymenocystis B. & Br. (Poria) 604
Hymenogaster (Vitt.) Tul. 4, 25
Hymenogastraceae 2, 4, 25
HYMENOGASTRINEAE 2, 24
HYMENOMYCETAE ix
Hypholoma Fr. 7, 260
hypnophilus (Berk.) Quel. (Calathinus)
452
hypnophilus Berk. (Pleurotus) 452
hypnorum Brond. (CanthareUus) 542
INDEX
775
hypnorum (Brond.) Rea (Clitocybe)
274, 542
hypnorum (Schrank) Fr. (Galera) 410
Hypochnella Schroet. 13, 15, 659
Hypochnus (Fr.) Karst. 13, 15, 654
hypogaeus Fuck. (Irpex) 611
hypopitys Fr. (Volvaria) 94
hypo the jus FT. (Hygrophorus) 296
hypoxanthum Phill. & Plowr. (Hypho-
loma) 264
hypsipus Fr. (Stropharia) 132
hysginus Fr. (Lactarius) 482
Hysterangiaceae 2, 4, 24
Hysterangium Vitt. 4, 24
hystrix Fr. (Inocybe) 200
ianthina Cke. (Lepiota) 79
ianthipes (Seer.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 191
ichoratus (Batsch) Fr. (Lactarius) 494
icterina Fr. (Nolanea) 404
igniarius (Linn.) Fr. (Femes) 593
igniarius Linn. (Polyporus) 593
iliopodius Fr. (Cortinarius) 179
illibatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 152
illinita Fr. (Lepiota) 80
illuminus Fr. (Cortinarius) 183
imberbis (Bull.) Quel. (Polyporus) 583
imbricatum (Linn.) Fr. (Hydnum) 631
imbricatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 222
imbricatus (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 582
imbutus Fr. (Cortinarius) 185
imbutus Fr. (Cortinarius) 186
immaculata Cke. (Collybia) 330
immundum Berk. (Tricholoma) 222,
328
impennis Fr. (Cortinarius) 170
imperialis Schulz. (Phallus) 24
impolitus Fr. (Boletus) 568
impudicus FT. (Marasmius) 524
impudicus (Linn.) Pers. (Phallus) 23
inaequalis (Muller) Fr. (Clavaria) 714,
715
inaequalis (Muller) Quel. (Clavaria)
715
inamoenum Fr. (Tricholoma) 230
inaurata (Seer.) Boud. (Amanitopsis)
93
inaurata W. G. Sm. (Flammula) 319
incana Quel. (Clitocybe) 288
incana FT. (Leptonia) 346
incana Fr. (Leptonia) 347
incanus Quel. (Polyporus) 595
incarnata Weinm. (Clavaria) 720
incarnata Bres. (Inocybe) 201
incarnata (Pers.) Cke. (Peniophora)
641, 683, 694
incamata (A. & S.) Fr. (Poria) 605
incarnata Quel. (Russula) 460
incarnata Quel. (Russula) 460
incarnata Juel (Tulasnella) 739
incarnata (Lasch) Fr. (Typhula) 721
incarnatum (Pers.) FT. (Corticium)683,
694
incarnatus Fr. (Polyporus) 605
incilis Fr. (Clitocybe) 281
incisus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 179
inclinata Fr. (Mycena) 384
inclinata Fr. (Mycena) 384
incomptum Massee (Hypholoma) 264
incrustans Massee (Coniophora) 627
incrustans (Pers.) Tul. (Sebacina) 737
indecorata Sommerf. (Tremella) 731
infida (Peck) Rea (Astrosporina) 209,
214
infidus Peck (Agaricus) 209
infractus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 138
infucatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 166
infula FT. (Nolanea) 405
infumata B. & Br. (Omphalia) 430
infundibuliformis (Scop.) Fr. (Can-
tharellus) 544
infundibuliformis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clito-
cybe) 281
infundibuliformis Rostk. (Polyporus)
580
infundibulis Pers. (Boletus) 577
infundibulum (Swartz) Fr. (Hydnum)
633
in0roto(Schum.)Fr. (Collybia) 334, 522
ingratus (Schum.) Quel. (Marasmius)
334, 522
ingratus (Weinm.) Quel. (Marasmius)
523
injucundus (Weinm.) FT. (Cortinarius)
176
innocua (Lasch) Fr. (Naucoria) 352
Inocybe Fr. 7, 194
inodermeum Fr. (Tricholoma) 222
inodora Fr. (Trametes) 615
inodorus Pat. (Marasmius) 526
inodorus (Phallus) 23
inolens Fr. (CoUybia) 340
Inoloma Fr. 153
inopus Fr. (Flammula) 320
inornata (Sow.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 270
inornatus (Sow.) Quel. (Paxillus) 270
inquilina (Fr.) Quel. (Naucoria) 440
inquilina (Fr.) W. G. Sm. (Tubaria)
440
insigne Massee (Tricholoma) 230
insignis Fr. (Cortinarius) 191
insignis FT. (Marasmius) 527
insititius (Fr.) Rea (Androsaceus) 532
insititius Fr. (Marasmius) 532
instratum Britz. (Hypholoma) 263
insulsus Fr. (Lactarius) 481
insulsus Fr. (Lactarius) 481
integra Linn. (Russula) 470
Integra (Linn.) Bataille (Russula) 470
integreUa (Pers.) FT. (Omphalia) 434
776
INDEX
intensior Cke. (Russula) 473
intermedia W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 85
intermedia Cke. (Russula) 465
intermedius Pass. (Hygrophorus) 307
intermedius (Krombh.) B. & Br.
(Lactarius) 479
intermedius Tul. (Melanogaster) 48
interveniens Karst. (Tricholoma) 230
intumescens (Sm.) Rea (Exidia) 734
intumescens Sm. (Tremella) 734
intybacea (Pers.) Pat. (Phylacteria)
653
intybacea (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 653
intybaceus Fr. (Polyporus) 580
inuncta Fr. (Stropharia) 126
Invalii Cotton & Wakef. (Clavaria) 712
inversa (Scop.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 283
involutus Soppitt (Lactarius) 487
involutus (Batsch) Fr. (Paxillus) 551
involutus (Batsch) Fr. (Paxillus) 282
ionides (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 231
iosmus (Berk.) Cke. (Phallus) 24
irinum Fr. (Tricholoma) 236
irinum (Fr.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 233
Iris Massee (Cortinarius) 181
Iris Berk. (Mycena) 391
Iris Berk. (Mycena) 391
Irpex Fr. 11, 610
irregulare Karst. (Tricholoma) 218
irregularis Fr. (Cortinarius) 188
irrigatus (Pers.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 303
irrorata Quel. (Lepiota) 80
irroratum Karst. (Hypholoma) 263
isabellinum Fr. (Corticium) 655
isabellinus (Batsch) Fr. (Cortinarius)
186
isabellinus Fr. (Hypochnus) 655
ischnostylum Cke. (Hebeloma) 259
isoporum Pers. (Xylomyzon) 621
italica Sacc. (Caldesiella) 651
Jaapia Bres. 13, 15, 659
japonicum Shirai (Exobasidium) 725
Jasonis Cke. & Massee (Armillaria)
108
Jerdonii B. & Br. (Stropharia) 131
Johnstonii Berk. (Irpex) 611
jonquilla (Paul.) Quel. (Crepidotus)
454
jubarinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 188
jubatum Fr. (Entoloma) 247
juglandis Fr. (Pleurotus) 447
juncea (A. & S.) Fr. (Clavaria) 718
juncea Fr. (Nolanea) 403
juncicola Fr. (Mycena) 401
juncina W. G. Sm. (Flammula) 316
Junghuhnii Fr. (Cortinarius) 193
Junonia Fr. (Pholiota) 116
junquillea Quel. (Amanita) 93, 99
junquillinum Quel. (Radulum) 640
Kalchbrenneri Fr. (Polyporus) 574
Karstehii Sacc. & Cub. (Hygrophorus)
Keithii B. & Br. (Polyporus) 589
Keithii B. & Br. (Porothelium) 703
Keithii Phill. & Plowr. (Tricholoma)
228
Kewensis Massee (Clavaria) 709
Kewensis Massee (Omphalia) 432
Klotzschii Tul. (Hymenogaster) 25
Kmetii Bres. (EichlerieUa) 739
Kneiffla Fr. 13, 650
Krombholzii Fr. (Clavaria) 707
Krombholzii Fr. (Clavaria) 707
Krombholzii Fr. (Cortinarius) 189
Kunzei Fr. (Clavaria) 707
Kunzei Fr. (Clavaria) 707, 708
Laccaria B. & Br. 7, 290
laccata (Scop.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 290
laccata (Scop.) Quel. (Collybia) 290
laccata (Scop.) B. & Br. (Laccaria) 290
laccatum (Kalchbr.) Rea (Ganoderma)
597
lacera (Pers.) Fr. (Cyphella) 699
lacera Fr. (Inocybe) 200
lacerata (Lasch) Berk. (Collybia) 341
lacerum Fr. (Porothelium) 703
laciniata (Bull.) Bres. (Sebacina) 731
laciniata (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 653
lacmus (Hygrophorus) 302
lacmus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 302
lacrimabunda( Bull.) Quel. (Stropharia)
132, 265
lacrymabundum Fr.( Hypholoma) 130,
264
lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr. (Merulius) 622
lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr. (Merulius) 622
lacrymans (Wulf.) Quel. (Merulius) 623
Lactarius Fr. 8, 478
lactea (Quel.) Rea (Clitocybe) 273
lactea Quel. (Collybia) 332
lactea Bres. (Cyphella) 701
lactea Pers. (Mycena) 381
lactea (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 339, 381
lactea Pers. (Russula) 460
lactea (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 459
lactescens Berk. (Corticium) 685
lacteum Fr. (Corticium) 675
lacteus (Lev.) Quel. (Gyroporus) 553
lacteus Fr. (Irpex) 611
lacteus Fr. (Polyporus) 588
lactifluus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Lactarius)
493
lacunosum B. & Br. (Corticium) 683,
690
lacunosum (Bull.) Rea (Lycoperdon) 34
Laestadii Fr. & Berk. (Poria) 600
laeticolor B. & Br. (Merulius) 621
laeticolor B. & Br. (Merulius) 624
INDEX
777
laetum Fr. (Radulum) 641, 695
laetus (Pers.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 304
laeve (Pers.) Quel. (Corticium) 673,
682
laevigata (Fr.) Massee (Peniophora)
683, 696
laevigata Fr. (Poria) 606
laevigatum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 696
laevigatum (Swartz) Fr. (Hydnum)
632
laevigatum (Fuck.) W. G. Sm.
(Scleroderma) 49
laevipes Masaee (Boletus) 566
laevipes Maire (Leptonia) 345
laevis Krombh. (Agaricus) 82
laevis (Krombh.) Fr. (Annularia) 82
laevis (Fr.) Burt (Peniophora) 692
lageniformis Vitt. (Geaster) 43
lagopides Karst. (Coprinus) 511
lagopinus von Post (Marasmius) 527
lagopus Fr. (Coprinus) 510
lamellirugis (DC.) Quel. (Paxillus) 553
laminosa Fr. (Sparassis) 661
lampropus Fr. (Leptonia) 344
lanaripes Cke. (Hypholoma) 266
lanatum B. & Br. (Hypholoma) 267
lancipes Fr. (CoUybia) 329
languidus (Lasch)Fr. (Marasmius) 526
laniger Fr. (Cortinarius) 168
lanuginella Schroet. (Astrosporina)
209
lanuginosa (Bull.) Schroet. (Astro-
sporina) 210
lanuginosa (Bull.) Bres. (Inocybe) 210
lanuginosa Fr. (Inocybe) 207, 212
lappula Fr. (Leptonia) 343
largus Fr. (Cortinarius) 136
laricina (Bolt.) Fr. (Armillaria) 109
laricinus Berk. (Boletus) 559
lascivum Fr. (Tricholoma) 229
lateritia Fr. (Galera) 407
lateritia (Weinm.) (Inocybe) 197
lateritioroseus Karst. (Lactarius) 480
latissima Fr. (Daedalea) 619
latissima Cke. (Naucoria) 358
latissima (Fr.) Quel. (Trametes) 619
latitabundus Britz. (Hygrophorus) 295,
301
latus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 137
Laurocerasi B. & Br. (Pleurotus) 448
lavandulaceus Pears. (Hypochnus) 658
laxa (Fr.) Quel. (Coniophora) 626
laxipes (Bull.) Fr. ( Colly bia) 333
laxipes (Bull.) Quel. (Marasmius) 333
laxum Fr. (Corticium) 626
lazulina Fr. (Leptonia) 346
Leightonii Berk. (Pleurotus) 450
leiocephalum B. & Br. (Hypholoma)
265
lenta (Pers.) Fr. (Flammula) 254, 315
lenticularis (Lasch) Fr. (Amanita) 80,
105
lenticularis (Lasch) Cke. (Lepiota) 80,
105
Lentinus Fr. 9, 537
lentus Berk. (Polyporus) 576
Lenzites Fr. 12, 612
leochroma Cke. (Pholiota) 115
leonina Berk. & Curt. (Hymenochaete)
669
leoninus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pluteus) 61
leontopodius Schulz. (Lentinus) 538
lepida Fr. (Russula) 460
lepida Fr. (Russula) 460
lepideus Fr. (Lentinus) 537
lepidopus Cke. (Cortinarius) 162
lepidus Boud. (Hygrophorus) 306
Lepiota (Pers.) Fr. 6, 64
lepiotoides R. Maire (Psaliota) 85
lepista Fr. (Paxillus) 549
leporinus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 298
leprosa Bourd. & Galz. (Peniophora)
691
leptocephala (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 387
leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr. (Polyporus)
577
Leptonia Fr. 7, 343
leptopus Fr. (Paxillus) 552
leucocephala (Boud.) Rea (Astro-
sporina) 214
leucocephala Boud. (Inocybe) 214
leucocephalum Fr. (Tricholoma) 235
leucodon (A. & S.) Fr. (Hygrophorus)
292
leucogala Cke. (Mycena) 395
leucomelas (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 578
leucomyosotis Cke. & Smith (CoUybia)
333
leucophaeus Nouel (Cantharellus) 545
leucophanes B. & Br. (Panaeolus) 370
leucophylla Fr. (Omphalia) 425
leucopus (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 190
leucopus (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 189
leucopus Cke. (Russula) 476
leucotephrum B. & Br. (Hypholoma)
267
leucothites (Vitt.) Fr. (Lepiota) 73
licinipes Fr. (Cortinarius) 169
licmophora Auct. (Lepiota) 74
lignatile Fr. (Apyrenium) 745
lignatilis (Pers.) Qu61. (Clitocybe) 444
lignatilis Fr. (Pleurotus) 444
lignyotus Fr. (Lactarius) 492
ligula (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clavaria) 718
lilacea Quel. (Russula) 462
lilacea Quel. (Russula) 477
lilaceum Quel. (Tricholoma) 238
lilacina (Fr.) Quel. (Clavaria) 706
lilacina Fr. (Inocybe) 197
lilacina Quel. (Lepiota) 78
778
INDEX
lilacinum Quel. (Corticium) 726
lilacinus Berk. (Hymenogaster) 27
lilacinus (Lasch) Fr. (Lactarius) 493
liniacinus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 295
limbatus Fr. (Geaster) 41
limitata (Fr.) Cke. (Peniophora) 683,
696
limitatum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 696
limonicolor B. & Br. (Hydnum) 638,
647
limonicolor (B. & Br.) Quel. (Odontia)
638, 647
limonius Fr. (Cortinarius) 173
limpidus Fr. (Pleurotus) 448
lineata (Bull.) Fr. (Mycena) 379
Linnaei Fr. (Russula) 461
liquescens Cke. (Entoloma) 246
liquiritiae (Pers.) Fr. (Flammula) 322
lirettosa Pers. (Daedalea) 625
lirellosa (Pers.) B. & Br. (Phlebia)625
litua FT. (Omphalia) 286
livescens (Batsch) Qu61. (Russula) 465
Kvida (Pers.) Schroet. (Russula) 464
lividoalbus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 298
livido-ochraceus Berk. (Cortinarius)
150
lividum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 645,
680
lividum (Bull.) Fr. (Entoloma) 243
lividum (Bull.) Fr. (Entoloma) 243,
247
lividus Bull. (Boletus) 564
lividus Lamb. (Lactarius) 482
lividus Cke. (Paxillus) 550
lixivium Fr. (Tricholoma) 242
lobata (Auricularia) 727
lobata (Sommerf.) Quel. (Auricularia)
727
lobata (Sow.) Cke. (Clitocybe) 284
lobatus (Pers.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 546,
547
lobatus (Pers.) Quel. (Dictyolus) 546,
547
Locellina Gill. 6, 96
longicaudum Fr. (Hebeloma) 258
longicaudum ( Pers. ) Fr. ( Hebeloma)258
longipes (Bull.) Berk. (Collybia) 327
longipes (Bull.) Quel. (Marasmius) 327
longispora (Pat.) von Hoehn. & Litsch.
(Peniophora) 690
longisporus Pat. (Hypochnus) 690
loricatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 226, 278
Loscosii Rabenh. (Psathyra) 413
Loveiana Berk. (Volvaria) 94
Loveiana Berk. (Volvaria) 94
lubrica (Pers.) Fr. (Flammula) 315
lucidum (Leyss.) Karst. (Ganoderma)
597
lucidus (Polyporus) 597
lucifera (Lasch) Fr. (Pholiota) 119
lucifuga Fr. (Inocybe) 199
lucorum Fr. (Cortinarius) 171
India Fr. (Collybia) 339, 381
Luffii Massee (Omphalia) 426
lugens (Jungh.) Fr. (Hebeloma) 258
lugubris Fr. (Naucoria) 348
Lundensis Fr. (Stropharia) 126
lupina Fr. (Flammula) 315
luridum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma)
220
luridus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Boletus) 571
luridus (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 485
luscina Fr. (Clitocybe) 271
lustratus Fr. (Cortinarius) 135
lutea Otth. (Amanita) 99
lutea (Bolt.) Quel. (Lepiota) 74
lutea (Huds.) Fr. (Russula) 473, 478
luteifolia Gillet (Collybia) 338
luteoalba Rea (Clavaria) 715
luteoalba Fr. (Femsjonia) 743
luteoalba Fr. (Femsjonia) 742
luteoalba (Bolt.) Fr. (Mycena) 380
luteocarneum (Seer.) Quel. (Dryodon)
636
luteocitrinum Sacc. (Stereum) 664
luteocitrinum Rea (Tricholoma) 235
luteolus Lamb. (Crepidotus) 457
luteolus Fr. (Rhizopogon) 29
luteonitens (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Stropharia)
128
luteonitens (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Stropharia)
128
luteotacta Rea (Russula) 469
lutescens (Bull.) FT. (Cantharellus) 544
lutescens (Pers.) Fr. (Cantharellus)
544, 546
lutescens Rea (Cortinarius) 142
lutescens (Pers.) Fr. (Craterellus) 544,
546
lutescens Fr. (Leptonia) 347
lutescens Fr. (Pluteus) 60
lutescens Boud. (Stropharia) 127
lutescens Pers. (Tremella) 730
lutescens Pers. (Tremella) 743
luteus (Boletus) 558
luteus (Linn.) Fr. (Boletus) 558
luteus Vitt. (Hymenogaster) 26
luxurians (Batt.) Fr. (Pholiota) 116
Lycii (Pers.) Cke. (Corticium) 683, 695
Lycoperdaceae 2, 4, 30
LYCOPEKDINEAE, 2, 29
lycoperdineus Vitt. (Hymenogaster) 26
lycoperdoides Cke. & Massee (Schulz-
eria) 55
Lycoperdon (Tournef.) Pers. 4, 30
Lysurus Fr. 3, 22
macilenta Fr. (Collybia) 338
macrocephalum Scnulz. (Tricholoma)
225
INDEX
779
macrocephalus Berk. (Coprinus) 511
macropus Fr. (Cortinarius) 168
macrorhizum (Lasch) Fr. (Tricholoma)
macrorhizus Pers. (Coprinus) 503
macrorhizus (Pers.) Rea (Coprinus)
503, 504
macrospora Britzl. (Clavaria) 707
macrosporus B. & Br. (Dacryomyces)
740
maculaeforme Fr. (Corticium) 683, 695
maculaeformis (Fr.) von Hoehn. &
Litsch. (Peniophora) 683, 695
maculata (A. & S.) Fr. (Collybia) 330
maculata Quel. (Russula) 474
maculatus (Scop.) Fr. (Gomphidius)
325
madidum Fr. (Entoloma) 246
madidum (Fr.) Quel. (Entoloma) 245
magnified (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Amanita) 105
magnifica(Fl. Dan.)Rea (Amanita) 104
magnimamma Fr. (Hebeloma) 260
majale Fr. (Entoloma) 251
major (Massee) Rea ( Astrosporina) 212
major Fr. (Clitocybe) 221, 271
major Fr. (Cortinarius) 148, 155
major Massee (Inocybe) 212
major Massee (Pluteus) 60
major Fr. (Stropharia) 129
majus Cke. (Tricholoma) 237
malachius Fr. (Cortinarius) 156
malicorius Fr. (Cortinarius) 166
mamillaris Pass. (Inocybe) 207
mammosa Fr. (Nolanea) 401
mammosa (Linn.) Fr. (Nolanea) 403
mammosum (Mich.) Fr. (Tulostoma) 52
mammosus Chev. (Geaster) 42
mammosus Fr. (Lactarius) 491
mappa (Batsch) Fr. (Amanita) 99
Marasmius FT. 8, 518, 530
margaritispora (Berk.) Rea (Astro-
sporina) 214
margaritispora Berk. (Inocybe) 214
marginalis Boud. (Boletus) 563
marginata Lange (Mycena) 394
marginata (Batsch) Fr. (Pholiota) 123
marginatus Quel. (Pluteus) 62
marginella Fr. (Mycena) 373
maritima (Fr.) Rea (Astrosporina) 212
maritima Fr. (Inocybe) 212
martialis Cke. & Massee (Lepiota) 79
mastigera B. & Br. (Psathyra) 413
mastoidea Fr. (Lepiota) 66
mastrucatus (Fr.) Quel. (Calathinus)
450
mastrucatus Fr. (Pleurotus) 450
maura Fr. (Omphalia) 423
maxima Barla (Armillaria) 109
maxima (Fl. Wett.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 280
maxima Massee (Solenia) 702
media (Schum.) Fr. (Volvaria) 96
medioflava Boud. (Lepiota) 74
medium (Paul.) Quel. (Tricholoma)
240, 242
medulla-panis (Jacq.) (Polyporus) 599
medulla-panis (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 599
medullata Fr. (Lepiota) 79
megalodactylus B. & Br. (Amanita) 80,
105
megalodactylus B. & Br. (Lepiota) 80,
105
meisneriensis Fr. (Hygrophorus) 299
melaleucum Fr. (Hydnum) 633
melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma)
239, 241
melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma)
238, 239, 240, 241
melanodon (Seer.) Fr. (Pluteus) 60
Melanogaster Cda. 5, 48
Melanoleuca Pat. 239
melanopus (Swartz) FT. (Polyporus)
576
melantinum Fr. (Hypholoma) 265
melasperma (Bull.) Quel. (Stropharia)
127
melasperma Fr. (Stropharia) 127
meleagris (Sow.) Fr. (Lepiota) 68
melinoides Fr. (Naucoria) 352
melizeus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 292
mellea (Vahl.) Fr. (ArmiUaria) 108
mellea (Vahl.) Fr. (Armillaria) 313
mellea (B. & Br.) Rea (Odontia) 638,
649
melleopallens Fr. (Cortinarius) 177
metteum B. & Br. (Hydnum) 638, 649
membranacea (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Acia) 638, 643
membranacea (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Clito-
cybe) 281
membranacea (DC.) Massee (Coirio-
phora) 627
membranacea A. & S. (Peziza) 699
membranaceum Bull. (Hydnum) 638
membranaceum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 643
membranaceum (Bull.) Bres. (Radulum)
640
mephitica Fr. (Collybia) 340
merdaria Fr. (Stropharia) 129
merdaria (Fr.) Rick. (Psilocybe) 129
merismoides FT. (Phlebia) 624
merismoides FT. (Phlebia) 612
Meruliaceae 10, 12, 620
merulina (Pers.) Rea (Ditiola) 743
merulina (Pers.) Quel. (Guepinia) 743
Merulius FT. 12, 620
mesenterica (Dicks.) Fr. (Auricularia)
727
mesenterica (Retz.) FT. (Tremella) 730
mesomorpha (Bull.) Fr. (Lepiota) 78
mesophaeum Fr. (Hebeloma) 256
780
INDEX
mesotephrus B. & Br. (Hygrophorua)
297
metachroa (Fr.) Berk. (Clitocybe) 287
metapodius Pr. (Hygrophorus) 301
metata Fr. (Mycena) 388
metata Fr. (Mycena) 387
metulaespora B. & Br. (Lepiota) 69, 70
micaceus (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 506
micaceus B. & Br. (Hygrophorus) 306
micana (Pers.) Fr. (Pistillaria) 722
micans (Ehrenb.) Fr. (Poria) 605
Michelianus W. G. Sm. (Geaster) 43
Michelii Rea (Clavaria) 716
Michelii FT. (Polyporus) 579
microcyclus Fr. (Cortinarius) 170
micropholis B. & Br. (Lepiota) 71
microrhiza (Lasch) Fr. (Psathyra) 419
microsporum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Corticium) 676
militate (Lasch) Fr. (Tricholoma) 236
miltinus Quel. (Cortinarius) 163
milvinus FT. (Cortinarius) 193
mimica W. G. Sm. (Collybia) 333
mimica Massee (Inocybe) 205, 207
miniatus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 305
miniatus (Scop.) Schroet. (Hygro-
phorus) 304
minima B. & Br. (Cladoderris) 671
minimus W. G. Sm. (Lactarius) 496
minor Barla (Annillaria) 109
minor Fr. (Armillaria) 106
minor Cke. (Clitocybe) 277
minor Berk. (Geaster) 40
minor Pers. (Geaster) 44
minor Boud. (Lactarius) 491
minor Falck (Merulius) 622
minor Fr. (Omphalia) 432
minor (Batt.) Fr. (Pholiota) 114
minor (Vaill.) Fr. (Psathyra) 415
minus Cke. (Hebeloma) 256, 257
minuta (Clavaria) 723
minuta Quel. (Galera) 411
minuta Karat. (Nolanea) 406
mirabilis Cke. & Quel. (Mycena) 373
mirabilis Fr. (Queletia) 52
mitis Berk. (Pleurotus) 447
mitis Rea (Russula) 463
mitissimua Fr. (Lactariua) 494
mixta Fr. (Flammula) 315
mniophila (Laach) Fr. (Galera) 411
modeatus B. & Br. (Hymenogaster) 27
molare Fr. (Radulum) 638, 640
molar e Fr. (Radulum) 679
molariforme Pers. (Sistotrema) 640
molle Fr. (Corticium) 682
molle Fr. (Hydnum) 631
molle Pers. (Lycoperdon) 35
Molleriana (Brea.) Sacc. (Peniophora)
683, 693
mollis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Crepidotua) 454
mollis B. & Br. (Hygrophorus) 305
mollis Fr. (Hypochnua) 657
mollis (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 588
mollia (Sommerf.) Fr. (Trametes) 616
mollis (Sommerf.) Fr. (Trametes) 609
molliscorum Cke. & Massee (Pholiota)
113
molliasima (Pers.) Rea (Phylacteria)
653
mollissima (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 653
mollusca (Fr.) Rea (Odontia) 649
mollusca (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 599
mottuscum Fr. (Hydnum) 649
mottuttcus FT. (Merulius) 624
molybdina (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 277
molybdinum (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma)
219
molyoidea Fr. (Marasmius) 528
monatroaa (Sow.)GiUet (Clitocybe) 280
monstrosus Cke. (Lactarius) 491
Montagnei Fr. (Polyporus) 575
Montagnei Fr. (Polystictus) 575
moriformis Berk. (Tremella) 732
moschatum (Tuber) 48
Mougeotii Fr. (Corticium) 669
Mougeotii (Fr.) Cke. (Hymenochaete)
669
mucida (Schrad.) Fr. (Armillaria) 110
mucida Fr. (Grandinia) 644
mucida Fr. (Grandinia) 647
mucida (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 599
mucidum Fr. (Hydnum) 640
mucidum (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Radulum) 640
mucifluus Fr. (Cortinarius) 150
mucifluus Fr. (Cortinarius) 149
mucoaua (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 149
mucosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 149
Mucronella Fr. 12, 629
mucronellus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 306
Mulgravensis Maaaee & Crosal. (Pluteo-
lus) 63
Mulleri Fr. (Pholiota) 118
multicolor Bres. (Mycena) 377
multifida Fr. (Pterula) 724
multifidum Massee (Schizophyllum) 452
multiforme'B. &Br. (Hydnum) 638, 648
multiforme (Schaeff.) Cke. (Tricho-
loma) 233
multiformis Fr. (Cortinarius) 138
multiformis Fr. (Cortinarius) 139
multiformis (B. & Br.) Rea (Odontia)
638, 648
multiplex Fr. (Hydnum) 637
multizonata B. & Br. (Thelephora) 662
multizonatum (B. & Br.) Massee
(Stereum) 662
mundulus (Lasch) Fr. (Clitopilus) 310
muralis (Sow.) Fr. (Omphalia) 428
muricata Fr. (Pholiota) 120
INDEX
781
muricinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 155
murina (Batsch) Fr. (Collybia) 341
murinaceum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma)
224
muscaria (Linn.) Fr. (Amanita) 100
muscicola Pers. (Clavaria) 728
muscicola Fr. (Cyphella) 704
muscicola (Pers.) Fitzpat. (Eocron-
artium) 721, 728
muscicola (Fr.) Rea (Phaeocyphella)
704
muscicola (Pers. ) Fr. (Typhula) 721, 728
muscigena (Schum.) Fr. (Collybia) 338,
381
muscigena (Pers.) Fr. (Cyphella) 701
muscigena (Schum.) Quel. (Mycena)
338, 381
muscigenus (Bull.) Fr. (Cantharellus)
546, 547
muscigenus (Bull.) Quel. (Dictyolus)
546, 547
muscoides Fr. (Clavaria) 708
muscorum (Hoffm.) Quel. (Galera) 439
muscorum (Hoffm.) Fr. (Tubaria) 439
mussivum Fr. (Hebeloma) 252
mustelina Fr. (Pholiota) 123
mustelina Fr. (Russula) 477
mutabilis (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Grandinia) 644
mutabilis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pholiota) 122
mutica Fr. (Inocybe) 201
muticus Berk. (Hymenogaster) 25
mutila (Fr.) Quel. (Omphalia) 445
mutilus Fr. (Pleurotus) 445
Mutinus Fr. 23
mycelium ix
Mycena Fr. 8, 373
mycenoides (Fr.) Quel. (Galera) 124
mycenoides Fr. (Pholiota) 124
mycenopsis Fr. (Galera) 412
Mycoleptodon Pat. 12, 639
myochroa (Fr.) Rea (Omphalia) 429
Myosotis Fr. (Naucoria) 357
myriadea Kalchbr. (Omphalia) 432
Myriostoma Desv. 4, 39
myrtillinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 163
Myxaclum Fr. 149
nana Massee (Laccaria) 291
narius Massee (Boletus) 562
nanus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 60
napus Fr. (Cortinarius) 139
narcoticus (Batsch) Fr. (Coprinus) 511
nasuta Kalchbr. (Naucoria) 355
naucina Fr. (Lepiota) 72, 86
Naucoria Fr. 7, 348
nauseosa (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 473
nauseosum Cke. (Hebeloma) 259
nebularis (Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 269
necator (Pers.) Schroet. (Lactarius) 480
nefrens Fr. (Leptonia) 348
neglecta Massee (Psathyra) 415
nemophila Fr. (Psilocybe) 362
nemorensis Fr. (Cortinarius) 136
nemorensis Fr. (Cortinarius) 134
nemoreus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 298
nemoreus (Lasch) Fr. (Hygrophorus)
nephriticum Berk. (Hysterangium) 25
Neptunea (Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 275
Neurophyllum Pat. 9, 548
Nevillae Berk. (Omphalia) 435
nictitans Fr. (Tricholoma) 217
nictitans Fr. (Tricholoma) 235
nidorosum Fr. (Entoloma) 251
nidulans (Pers.) Quel. (Crepidotus)
450, 454
nidulans (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 450,
454
nidulans Fr. (Polyporus) 585
nidulans Fr. (Polyporus) 585
Nidularia (Fr.) Tul. 4, 45
Nldulariaceae 3, 4, 45
NlDULARHNEAB 3, 45
nigra Fl. Dan. (Mycena) 395
nigrella (Pers.) Gillet (Eccilia) 436
nigrescens Roze & Rich. (Boletus) 573
nigrescens Roze & Rich. (Boletus) 573
nigrescens Pers. (Bovista) 38
nigrescens (Lasch) Cke. (Clitocybe) 270
nigrescens (Lasch) Fr. (Clitopilus) 310
nigrescens (Schrad.) Fr. (Corticium)
641, 681
nigrescens (Klotzsch) Lloyd (Fomes)
592
nigrescens Quel. (Hygrophorus) 307
nigrescens (Quel.) Massee (Hygro-
phorus) 307
nigrescens Cke. (Hymenochaete) 668
nigrescens Pers. (Lycoperdon) 35
nigrescens (Fr.) Quel. (Tremella) 732
nigricans (Fr.) Lloyd (Fomes) 593
nigricans Bres. (Mycena) 386
nigricans Lasch (Polystictus) 609
nigricans (Bull.) Fr. (Russula) 458
nigripes (Pers.) Rea (Clitocybe) 274
nigripes (Trog) Fr. (Nolanea) 350, 404
nigrocinnamomeum Kalchbr. (Ento-
loma) 250
nigrocinnamomeum Schulz. (Ento-
loma) 58
nigrodisca Peck (Inocybe) 201
nigromarginata Massee (Lepiota) 71
nigrum Fr. (Hydnum) 633
nimbata (Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 271
nimbatum (Batsch) Quel. (Tricholoma)
238
nitellina Fr. (Collybia) 336
nitellina Fr. (Collybia) 337
nitens Cke. & Massee (Flammula) 315
782
INDEX
nitida FT. (Amanita) 104
nitida (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 600
nitida (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 600
nitida Fr. (Russula) 473
nitida (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 473
nitidum Quel. (Entoloma) 246
nitidus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 151
nitratus (Pers.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 309
nitrosus Cke. (Cortinarius) 176
nivalis (Grev.) Rea (Amanitopsis) 93
nivalis Fl. Dan. (Omphalia) 433
nivea Quel. (Mycena) 381
nivea Fl. Dan. (Omphalia) 429
nivea (Pers.) Cke. (Russula) 468
niveocremeum von Hoehn. & Litsch.
(Corticium) 677
niveum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 643
niveus Massee (Bolbitius) 499
niveus Fr. (Boletus) 573
niveus (Pers.) Fr. (Coprinus) 505
niveus Cke. (Hygrophorus) 308
niveus (Scop.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 300
niveus Fr. (Merulius) 621
nodulosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (Acia)
638, 642
nodulosum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 642
nodulosus Fr. (Polyporus) 586
Nolanea Fr. 8, 401
nolitangere (Fr.) Quel. (Hypholoma)
268, 418
nolitangere Fr. (Psathyra) 268, 418
nucea (Bolt.) Fr. (Naucoria) 353
nuciseda Fr. (Psilocybe) 366
nucleata (Schwein.) Rea (Exidia) 735
nucleate (Schwein.) Fr. (Naematelia)
735
nuda (Berk.) Pat. (Dacryomitra) 744
nuda Massee (Dacryopsis) 744
nuda Berk. (Ditiola) 744
nuda (Fr.) Bres. (Peniophora) 683, 695
nuda (Fr.) Bres. (Peniophora) 697
nudipes Fr. (Hebeloma) 258
nudum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 695
nudum (Tricholoma) 272
nitdum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 237
nummularia (Lam.) Fr. ( Colly bia) 336
nummularius (Bull.) Quel. (Polyporus)
577
Nyctalis Fr. 9, 541
nycthemerus Fr. (Coprinus) 511
nympharum Kalchbr. (Lepiota) 66
obbata Fr. (Clitocybe) 286
obducens (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 601
obesa W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 85
obesus Bres. (Hygrophorus) 296
oblectus (Bolt.) Fr. (Coprinus) 501
oblectus (Bolt.) Fr. (Coprinus) 508, 509
obliqua (Massee) Rea (Ditiola) 743
obliqua (Pers.) Quel. (Poria) 595, 606
obliquus (Pers.) Fr. (Fomes) 595, 606
obliquus (Schrad.) Fr. (Irpex) 611
obliquus (Schrad.) Fr. (Irpex) 599
obliquus Fr. (Lactarius) 496
obliquus Fr. (Polyporus) 606
obnubilus (Lasch) Fr. (Lactarius) 495
obrusseus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 307
obscura Gillet (Armillaria) 109
obscura (Pers.) Fr. (Inocybe) 200
obscurata Cke. (Clitocybe) 270
obscuratus Karst. (Hygrophorus) 309
obsoleta (Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 289
obtexta (Lasch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 275
obturata Fr. (Stropharia) 127
obtusa (Clavaria) 723, 724
obtusa Cke. & Massee (Naucoria) 349
obtusata Fr. (Psathyra) 415
obtusifolius Rea (Marasmius) 524
obtusus Fr. (Cortinarius) 192
occulta Cke. (Clitocybe) 280
ocellata Fr. (Collybia) 338
ocellata (Fr.) R. Maire (Collybia) 338
ocellata Fr. (Grandinia) 645, 680
ochracea Massee (Coniophora) 628
ochracea (Fr.) Massee (Peniophora)
697
ochracea (Fr.) Massee (Peniophora) 695
ochracea (A. & S.) Fr. (Russula) 474
ochracea (Hoffm.) Berk. (Solenia) 702
ochraceum Fr. (Corticium) 644
ochraceum (Fr.) Bres. (Corticium) 680
ochraceum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 639
ochraceum (Pers.) Pat. (Mycoleptodon)
639
ochrochlora Fr. (Flammula) 323
ochroidea (Berk.) Massee (Coniophora)
628
ochroleuca B. & Br. (Cyphella) 704
ochroleuca (B. & Br.) Rea (Phaeo-
cyphella) 704
ochroleuca (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 465
ochroleucum Fr. (Stereum) 664
ochroleucus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
160
ochroviridis Cke. (Russula) 463
Octavlania Vitt. 4, 27
Odontla (Pers.) Pat. 13, 645
odora (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 274
odora (Sommerf.) Fr. (Trametes) 615
odorata (Wulf.) Fr. (Trametes) 615
odorus (Polyporus) 615
oedematopus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Collybia)
329
oedipus Quel. (Collybia) 337, 525
oedipus Cke. (Hypholoma) 264
oedipus (Quel.) Rea (Marasmius) 337,
381, 525
offuciata Fr. (Omphalia) 424
oleosum von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Gloeo-
cystidium) 689
INDEX
783
olivacea Cke. & Massee (Bovista) 39
olivacea (Fr.) Karat. (Coniophorella)
628
olivacea (Schaeff.) Fr. (Russula) 461
olivaceoalbus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 296
olivaceomarginata Massee (Mycena) 374
olivaceomarginata (Massee) Rea (My-
cena) 374
olivaceum Fr. (Corticium) 628
olivaceus Gillet (Bolbitius) 497
olivaceus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Boletus) 570
olivaceus Vitt. (Hymenogaster) 27
olivascens (Batsch) Fr. (Cortinarius)
148
olivascens Bres. (Odontia) 644
olivascens (Fr.) Rea (Russula) 475
olivascens Pers. (Russula) 475
olivascens Quel. (Russula) 470
oUa (Batsch) Pers. (Cyathus) 47
ombrophila Fr. (Pholiota) 112
Omphalia (Pers.) Fr. 8, 422
oniscus Fr. (Omphalia) 426
oniscus Fr. (Omphalia) 427
onychinum Fr. (Tricholoma) 231
opaca (With.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 280
opala Fr. (Clitocybe) 276
opicum Fr. (Tricholoma) 229
opimus Fr. (Cortinarius) 153
opipara Fr. (Clitocybe) 221, 272
opiparum (Fr.) Quel. (Tricholoma)
221, 272
orbiculare Fr. (Radulum) 640
orbiformis Fr. (Clitocybe) 287
orcdla (Bull.) Fr. (Clitopilus) 310
orceUoides Cke. & Massee (Paxillus)
550
oreades (Bolt.) Fr. (Marasmius) 519
oreinum Fr. (Tricholoma) 234
orellanus Fr. (Cortinarius) 165
orichalceus (Batsch) Fr. (Cortinarius)
143
orirubens Quel. (Tricholoma) 224
osseus Kalchbr. (Polyporus) 578
ostreatus (Jacq.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 445
ovalis Fr. (Galera) 408
ovalispora Cke. & Massee (Bovista) 39
ovata (Pers.) Fr. (Pistillaria) 723
ovatus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Coprinus) 500
ovinus (Bull.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 302
oxygenus Fr. (Coprinus) 507
ozes Fr. (Collybia) 340
pachypus Fr. (Boletus) 570
Padi Pers. (Thelephora) 669
paedidum Fr. (Tricholoma) 242
paeonium (Tricholoma) 231
paleaceus (Weinm.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
180
pallens Berk. (Merulius) 622
pallescens Fr. (Polyporus) 591
pattida Pers. (Craterella) 662
pallida Rabenh. (Cyphella) 700
pallida Cke. (Omphalia) 429
pallida B. & Br. (Stropharia) 127
pallida (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 662
pallidipes Ellis & Everh. (Inocybe) 195
pallidula Bres. (Gonatobotrys) 689
pallidula (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Peniophora) 689
pallidum (Pers.) Cke. (Stereum) 662
pallidum (Pers.) Lloyd (Stereum) 661
pallidus (Cantharellus) 273
pallidus B. & Br. (Hygrophorus) 299
pallidus B. & Br. (Hymenogaster) 26
pallidus (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 488
pallidus (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 482
palmata (Schum.) Fr. (Calocera) 744
palmata (Pere.) Fr. (Clavaria) 713
palmata (Scop.) Pat. (Phylacteria) 652
palmata (Scop.) Fr. (Thelephora) 652
palmatus (Bull.) Fr. (Crepidotus) 454
palmatus (Bull.) Quel. (Pleurotus) 62,
247, 443, 454
paludosa Lev. (Bovista) 37
paludosa (Lev.) Lloyd (Bovistella) 37
paludosa (Fr.) Quel. (Galera) 438
paludosa Fr. (Tubaria) 438
paludosus Massee (Boletus) 560
palumbina Quel. (Russula) 471
panaeolum Fr. (Tricholoma) 238, 271
Panaeolus Fr. 7, 369
panaeolus Fr. (Paxillus) 550
pantherina (DC.) Fr. (Amanita) 103
pantoleucus Fr. (Pleurotus) 445
panuoides Fr. (Paxillus) 553
Panus Fr. 9, 534
papilionaceus (Bull.) Fr. (Panaeolus)
371
papillata Bres. (Nolanea) 403
papillata Fr. (Omphalia) 432
papittatum (Schaeff.) Hollos (Lyco-
perdon) 32
papillatus (Batsch) Fr. (Coprinus) 507
papillosa Fr. (Grandinia) 645, 647
papiUosa (Fr.) Bres. (Odontia) 645, 647
papulosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 148
papyraceus Fr. (Merulius) 623
papyrinus (Bull.) Quel. (Merulius) 620
parabolica Fr. (Mycena) 385
paradoxa Kalchbr. (Flammula) 314,
551
paradoxus (Kalchbr.) Quel. (Paxillus)
314, 551
paragaudis Fr. (Cortinarius) 173 .
paraphyses ix
Parasites x, xi, 1, 16, 725, 726
parasitica (Bull.) Fr. (Nyctalis) 541
parasiticus (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 565
parilis Fr. (Clitocybe) 282
Parisotii Pat. (Crepidotus) 457
784
INDEX
parkensis Fr. (Eccilia) 435
parvannulata (Lasch) Fr. (Lepiota) 77
parvula (Weinm.) Fr. (Volvaria) 96
pascua (Pers.) Fr. (Nolanea) 401
patellaris Fr. (Panus) 536
pateriformis Fr. (Cortinarius) 188
PatouiUardii Quel. (Coprinus) 507
patricius Schulz. (Pluteus) 57
patulum Fr. (Tricholoma) 234
pauper Karat. (Lactarius) 489
paupercula Berk. (Mycena) 387
paupercula Berk. (Mycena) 388
pausiaca Fr. (Clitocybe) 288
Paxlllus FT. 9, 548
paxillus Fr. (Pholiota) 121
Pearsonii Bourd. (Corticium) 679
pectinata (Bull.) Fr. (Russula) 465
pectinatus (Klotzsch) Fr. (Fomea) 594
pectinatus (Pers.) Lloyd (Geaster) 40
pectinatus (Klotzsch) Quel. (Poly-
porus) 594
pediades Fr. (Naucoria) 356
pediades Fr. (Naucoria) 356, 543
pedunculatum (Lycoperdon) 52
pelianthina Fr. (Mycena) 373
Pelletieri(Lev. ) Quel. (Phylloporus)551
pdlicula Bres. (Hypochnus) 657
pdlicula Fr. (Hypochnus) 657
pelliculosa Fr. (Mycena) 397
pellitus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 59
pellosperma (Bull.) Fr. (Psathyra) 414
pettucida (Bull.) Quel. (Naucoria) 437,
439
pellucida (Bull.) Fr. (Tubaria) 439
pellucida (Bull.) Fr. (Tubaria) 439
peltate Fr. (Mycena) 389
penarius Fr. (Hygrophorus) 293
pendulum Fr. (Radulum) 639, 674
pendulus (A. & S.) Fr. (Irpex) 610
penetrans Fr. (Flammula) 321
Pengellei B. & Br. (Clitocybe) 272
penicittatum (Merisma) 654
penicillatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 181
penicillatus (Fr.) Quel. (Cortinarius)
181
Peniophora Cke. 15, 687
pennata Fr. (Psathyra) 269, 418
pennatum (Fr.) Quel. (Hypholoma)
269, 418
perbrevis (Weinm.) Fr. (Inocybe) 204
Percevalii B. & Br. (Stropharia) 125
percomis Fr. (Cortinarius) 137
percomis Fr. (Cortinarius) 252
perennis (Linn.) Fr. (Polyporus) 575
perforans (Fr.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 532
perforans Fr. (Marasmius) 532
pergamena Cke. (Clitocybe) 279
pergamenus (Swartz) Quel. (Lactarius)
486
peridiola x
peridium x
periscelis Fr. (Cortinarius) 178
perlata Cke. (Inocybe) 204
perlatum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 34
permixta Barla (Lepiota) 65
peronata Massee (Psaliota) 83
peronatus (Bolt.) Fr. (Marasmius) 518
peronatus (Bolt.) Quel. (Marasmius)
518
perrara Schulz. (Psaliota) 86
persicinus Beck (Hygrophorus) 294
persicolor Fr. (Tricholoma) 231
persimilis Cotton (Clavaria) 715
persimilis Cotton (Clavaria) 716
personatum FT. (Tricholoma) 236
Persoonianum Phill. & Plowr. (Ento-
loma) 248
Persoonii Du Port (Entoloma) 248
pes-caprae Fr. (Agaricus) 279
pes-caprae Fr. (Tricholoma) 233
pessundatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 218
pessundatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 218
petaloides (Bull.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 446
petaloides Fr. (Polyporus) 578
petasatus (Fr.) Karat. (Pluteus) 57
Peter sii Berk. & Curt. (Pilacre) 729
petiginosa (Fr.) Rea (Astrosporina)
213
petiginosa (Fr.) Quel. (Inocybe) 213
petiginosum Fr. (Hebeloma) 213
peziza Tul. (Guepinia) 743
pezizoides (Nees) Fr. (Crepidotus) 456
pezizoides Massee (Peniophora) 696,
697
phacorrhiza (Reich.) Fr. (Typhula) 721
phaeocephala (? Bull.) Cke. (Inocybe)
207
phaeocephalum (Bull.) Quel. (Ento-
loma) 244, 245
Phaeocyphella Pat. 15, 704
phaeopodia (Bull.) FT. (Collybia) 331
phaeopodium (Bull.) Quel. (Tricho-
loma) 240, 331
Phaeoporus Bataille 10, 555
Phaeotremella Rea 18, 733
phalaenarum Fr. (Panaeolus) 370
phalenarum Bull. (Panaeolus) 92
phalerata Fr. (Pholiota) 122
Phallaceae 2, 3, 22
PHALLINEAE 2, 21
phalloides (Vaill.) Fr. (Amanita) 98
phalloides (Dicks.) Pera. (Battarrea)53
phalloides Dicks. (Lycoperdon) 53
Phallus (Micheli) Pers. 3, 23
Phillipsii B. & Br. (Crepidotus) 456
philonotis (Lasch) Fr. (Omphalia) 426
philonotis (Lasch) Quel. (Omphalia)426
Phlebia Fr. 12, 624
phlebophorus (Ditm.) Fr. (Pluteus) 61
Phlegmacium FT. 132
INDEX
785
phoeniceus (Bull.) Make (Cortinarius)
163
pholideus Fr. (Cortinarius) 159
PholiotaFr. 7, 111
phosphorea Sow. (Auricularia) 673
phrygianus Fr. (Cortinarius) 159
Phylacteria(Pers.) Pat. 13, 14, 651
phyllophila Fr. (Clitocybe) 275
phyllophila Massee (Peniophora) 697
physaloides (Bull.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 365
picaceus (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 502
picea Kalchbr. (Nolanea) 350, 405
picinus Fr. (Lactarius) 492
picipes Fr. (Polyporus) 577
picrea Fr. (Flammula) 322
picta Fr. (Omphalia) 432
pictipes Cke. (Russula) 463
Pilosace Fr. 6, 63
pilosella (Pers.) Rea (Galera) 407
pilosus (Huds.) Quel. (Marasmius) 532
pilulaeforme (Bull.) Fr. (Hypholoma)
268
Pimii Phill. (Cyphella) 700
pinastri Fr. (Hydnum) 624, 638
pinastri (Fr.) Burt (Merulius) 624, 638
pinetorum Fr. (Cortinarius) 154
Pini Fr. (Stereum) 666
Pini (Brot.) Fr. (Trametes) 615
pinicola (Vitt.) Rea (Boletus) 567
Pinuum Bres. (Polyporus) 593
piperatus (BuU.) Fr. (Boletus) 561
piperatus (Scop.) Fr. (Lactarius) 485,
486
pisciodora (Ces.) Fr. (Nolanea) 350,
404
pisiformis (Roth) Tul. (Nidularia) 45
pisiformis (Roth) Tul. (Nidularia) 45,
46
pisocarpium (Nees) Fr. (Polysaccum)
50
Pisolithus A. & S. 5, 50
Pistillaria Fr. 16, 722
pistillaris (Linn.) Fr. (Clavaria) 717
pithya (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 339, 381
pithyophila (Scop.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 276
pityria Fr. (Galera) 411
placenta Batsch (Entoloma) 244
placenta (Batsch) Fr. (Entoloma) 245
placenta Fr. (Polyporus) 601
placenta Fr. (Poria) 601
placida Fr. (Leptonia) 343H
plancus Fr. (Marasmius) 519
planipes (Brig.) Fr. (Collybia) 337
Platygloea Schroet. 17, 726
platyphylla (Pers.) Fr. (Collybia) 328
platypus Berk. (Coprinus) 512
PLECTOBASIDIINEAE 3, 47
Pleurotus Fr. 8, 441
plexipes Fr. (Collybia) 340
plexipes (Fr.) Quel. (Collybia) 327
plicata (Schaeff.) Quel. (Mycena) 396
plicatilis (Curt.) Fr. (Coprinus) 516
plicatiloides Buller (Coprinus) 516
plicatocrenata Fr. (Mycena) 396
Plicatura Peck 12, 541, 625
plicosa Fr. (Mycena) 388
plumbea Fr. (Bovista) 38
plumbea Fr. (Mycena) 392
plumbea (Fr.) Rick. (Omphalia) 392
plumbeus (Bull.) Fr. (Lactarius) 486
ftamfetM(BuIL) Quel. (Lactarius) 480
plumiger FT. (Cortinarius) 171
plumosa (Bolt. ) Rea (Astrosporina) 214
plumosa (Bolt.) Fr. (Inocybe) 214
plumosa (Duby) Rea (Odontia) 638,
647
plumosum Duby (Hydnum) 638, 647
plumvlosa (Lasch) Quel. (Volvaria) 94
pluteoides Fr. (Entoloma) 250
Pluteolus Fr. 6, 62
Pluteus Fr. 6, 56
pluvius Fr. (Cortinarius) 153
polia Fr. (Clitocybe) 270
polioleucum Fr. (Tricholoma) 240
polyaddpha (Lasch) Fr. (Omphalia)
435, 530
polyadelphus (Lasch) Pat. (Andro-
saceus) 530
polyadelphus (Lasch) Cke. (Marasmius)
435, 530
polycephala Fr. (Psilocybe) 368
polygonium (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 684
polygramma (Bull.) Fr. (Mycena) 384
polymorphum Vitt. (Lycoperdon) 36
polymorphus Rostk. (Polyporus) 586
Polyporaceae 10, 11, 574
Polyporus (Micheli) Fr. 11, 574
Polysaccum DC. 5, 50
polysticta Berk. (Lepiota) 77
Polystlctaceae 10, 11, 608
Polystictus Fr. 11, 608
polytricha (Mont.) Pat. (Auricularia)
728
polytricha Mont. (Hirneola) 728
Polytrichi Fr. (Psilocybe) 363
polyzona (Pers.) Fr. (Daedalea) 618
pomaceus (Pers.) Big. & Guill. (Fomes)
594
pomposum Fr. (Hypholoma) 261
popinalis Fr. (Clitopilus) 310
popinalis Fr. (Clitopilus) 272
populetorum Berk. (Hymenogaster) 27
populinum (Sommerf.) Fr. (Corticiuaa)
682
populinus Fr. (Fomes) 596
Poria (Pers. ) Fr. 11,598
poriaeformis (DC.) FT. (Solenia) 703
porinoides Fr. (Merulius) 621
POROHYDNINEAE 10, 574
porosum Berk. & Curt. (Corticium) 684
786
INDEX
porosus Berk. (Paxillus) 552
Porothelium Fr. 15, 703
porphyria (A. & S.) Fr. (Amanita) 99
porphyroleucum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricho-
loma) 240
porphyrophaeum Fr. (Entoloma) 244
porphyropus (A. & S.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
147
porphyrosporus Fr. (Boletus) 555
porphyrosporus (Fr.) Bat. (Phaeo-
porus) 555
porreus (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 519
porrigens (Pers.) Quel. (Calathinus) 449
porrigens (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 449
porriginosa Fr. (Naucoria) 358
portentosum Fr. (Tricholoma) 215
Postii Fr. (Omphalia) 424
Postii Fr. (Omphalia) 425
praecox (Pers.) Fr. (Pholiota) 114
praestans (Cordier) Sacc. (Cortinarius)
138
praestigiosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 173
praetermissa Karst. (Peniophora) 684
praetermissum (Karst.) Bres. (Cor-
ticium) 684
praetervisa (Quel.) Schroet. ( Astro -
sporina) 209
praetervisa Quel. (Inocybe) 209
prasinus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
144
prasiosmus Fr. (Marasmius) 520
prasiosmus Fr. (Marasmius) 523
pratense Pers. (Lycoperdon) 32
pratensis (Fr.) Cotton & Wakef.
(Clavaria) 708
pratensis (Pers. ) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 299
pratensis (Fr.) Rea (Lepiota) 69
pratensis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Psaliota) 86
praticola (Vitt.) Fr. (Psaliota) 87
pravum (Lasch) Fr. (Tricholoma) 231
privignus Fr. (Cortinarius) 183
proboscideus Fr. (Crepidotus) 457
procera (Scop.) Fr. (Lepiota) 64
proletaria Fr. (Nolanea) 401
prolifera (Sow.) Fr. (Mycena) 382
prolixa (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Collybia) 330
prominens Fr. (Lepiota) 64
prona Fr. (Paathyrella) 421
Protodontia von Hoehn. 18, 736
protracta Fr. (Collybia) 342
proxima Boud. (Laccaria) 290
proxima (Boud.) Make (Laccaria) 290
proximella (Karst.) Rea (Astrosporina)
208
proximella Karst. (Inocybe) 208
proximellus (Karst.) Massee (Coprinus)
517
pruinatus Fr. (Boletus) 565
pruinatus Rea (Marasmius) 523
pruinosa (Lasch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 286
Pruni Lasch (Odontia) 650
prunuloides Fr. (Entoloma) 244
prunulus (Scop.) Fr. (Clitopilus) 310
Psaliota Fr. 6, 82
psammicola B. & Br. (Mycena) 383
psammocephalus Fr. (Cortinarius) 179
psammopum Kalchbr. (Tricholoma)
220
Psathyra Fr. 8, 412
Psathyrella Fr. 8, 419
psathyroides Cke. (Collybia) 335
pseudoandrosacea Bull. (Omphalia) 429
pseudoandrosacea (Bull.) Fr. (Om-
phalia) 430
pseudodirecta W. G. Sm. (Omphalia)
433
pseudofoliacea Rea (Phaeotremella)
733
pseudolicmophora Rea (Lepiota) 74
pseudoorcella Fr. (Clitopilus) 310
pseudopura Cke. (Mycena) 377
pseudostorea W. G. Sm. (Hypholoma)
264
Psilocybe Fr. 7, 361
psittacinus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Hygro-
phorus) 308
pterigena Fr. (Mycena) 399
Pterula Fr. 16, 724
Ptychella 543
Ptychogaster Cda. 13, 660
pubera (Fr.) Sacc. (Peniophora) 683,
693
puberula Berk. (Pistillaria) 724
puberum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 693
pubescens (Sow. ) Quel. (Calathinus) 449
pubescens Fr. (Lactarius) 480
PUCCINIINEAE xi, 16, 726
pudica (Bull.) Quel. (Lepiota) 72, 82
pudica (Bull.) Fr. (Pholiota) 115
pudorinum Fr. (Hydnum) 639
pudorinus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 294
puella (Batsch) Cda. (Amanita) 100
puellaris (Fr.) Rea (Lepiota) 65
puellaris Fr. (Russula) 473
pulchella Fr. (Mycena) 381
pulchellus (Fr.) Rea (Boletus) 559
pukherrima Gillet (Russula) 460
pulcherrimum Berk. & Curt. (Hydnum)
637
pulchralis (Britz.) Cke. (Russula) 474
pulla (Schaeff.) Fr. (Collybia) 331
pullata Berk. & Cke. (Mycena) 386
puttum Schaeff. (Hydnum) 633
pulmonarius Fr. (Pleurotus) 447
pulvereum Rea (Entoloma) 249
pulverulenta Sow. (Auricularia) 627
pulverulenta (Lev.) Massee (Conio-
phora) 627
pulverulentus B. & Br. (Hygrophorus
293
INDEX
787
pulverulentus (Scop.) Fr. (Lentinus)
538
pulverulentus FT. (Merulius) 622
pulverulentus (Fr.) Quel. (Merulius)
622
pumila (Sow.) Quel. (Mycena) 380
pumila Fr. (Pholiota) 124
punctata Gill. (Russula) 476
punctata (Gill.) Maire (Russula) 476
punctatum Fr. (Hebeloma) 255
punctatus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 176
punctillifer Quel. (Pluteus) 59
punctulata Kalchbr. (Pholiota) 131
punctulata (Kalchbr.) Fr. (Stropharia)
131, 266
punctulatum Cke. (Corticium) 683, 685
punctulatum (Kalchbr.) Cke. (Hypho-
loma) 266
puniceum (A. & S.) Fr. (Corticium) 655
puniceus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 306
puniceus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 307
puniceus (A. & S.) Sacc. (Hypochnus)
655
pura (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 377
purpurascens Rostk. (Boletus) 565
purpurascens Fr. (Cortinarius) 141
purpurascens (Exidia) 728
purpurascens Cke. (Psaliota) 84
purpurascens B. & Br. (Trametes) 617
purpurata Cke. & Massee (Flammula)
314
purpurata Bres. (Russula) 475
pur pur ea (Clavaria) 706
purpurea (Miiller) Fr. (Clavaria) 714
purpurea W. G. Sm. (Pistillaria) 724
purpurea Fr. (Poria) 605
purpurea Gill. (Russula) 469
purpureum (Tul.) Pat. (Helicobasid-
ium) 726 '
purpureum Auct. pi. (Stereum) 665
purpureum (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 664
purpureus Fr. (Boletus) 571
purpureu* Fr. (Boletus) 572, 605
pusilla (Pers.) Fr. (Pistillaria) 722, 724
pusilla Schroet. (Typhula) 722
pusilla (Pers.) Quel. (Volvaria) 96
pusillum (Batsch) Pers. (Lycoperdon)
pusillus Fr. (Craterellus) 546
pusillus B. & Br. (Hymenogaster) 27
pusio Howse (Boletus) 565
pusiola Fr. (Naucoria) 352
pustulatus (Pers.) Fr. (Hygrophorus)
297
puteana (Schum.) Karst. (Coniophora)
626
puteanum (fichum.) Fr. (Corticium) 626
putidum Fr. (Tricholoma) 243
putrigenus Berk. & Curt. (Crepidotus)
455
pygmaeoaffinis Fr. (Galera) 409
pyrenaea Quel. (Lepiota) 75, 111
pyriforme (Schaeff.) Pers. (Lycoperdon)
35
pyriformis (Pers.) Fr. (Omphalia) 429
pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. (Inocybe) 195
pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. (Inocybe) 196,
201, 202
pyrogalus (Bull.) FT. (Lactarius) 484
pyrotricha (Holmsk.) Quel. (Stropharia)
132, 264
pyrotrichum (Holmsk.) Fr. (Hypho-
loma) 132, 264
pyxidata (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 709
pyxidata (Bull.) Fr. (Omphalia) 425
pyxidata (Bull.) Fr. (Omphalia) 428
quadricolor (Scop.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
172
Queletia Fr. 5, 52
Queletii Schulz. (Boletus) 572
Queletii Fr. (Hydnum) 635
Queletii (Fr.) Bataille (Russula) 467
quercina (Linn.) Fr. (Daedalea) 613,
617
quercina (Linn.) Qu61. (Lenzites) 613,
617
quercina (Pers.) Cke. (Peniophora)
683, 696, 697
quercina Pers. (Thelephora) 696
quercina (Tremella) 730
quercinum (Pera.) Fr. (Corticium) 683,
696
quercinum Fr. (Radulum) 640, 641
quercinum Potter (Stereum) 663
quercinus (Schrad.) Fr. (Polyporus)
584
quietus Fr. (Lactarius) 488
quinquepartitum Fr. (Tricholoma) 216
quisquiliaris Fr. (Pistillaria) 723
racemosa (Pers.) Fr. ( Colly bia) 334
radians (Desm.) Fr. (Coprinus) 507
radiata Fr. (Phlebia) 625
radiata Fr. (Phlebia) 624
radiatus (Bolt.) Fr. (Coprinus) 512
radiatus (Sow.) FT. (Polyporus) 586
radicans (Krombh.) Massee (Boletus)
563
radicans Pers. (Boletus) 569
radicans (Pers.) FT. (Boletus) 564
radicata (Relh.) Berk. (Collybia) 326
radicata (A. & S.) Fr. (Ditiola) 742
radicatum Cke. (Hebeloma) 258
radicatum (Cke.) Maire (Hebeloma)
258
radicosa (BuU.) Fr. (Pholiota) 115
radicosus (B. & Br.) Fr. (Cantharellus)
543
radiosum Fr. (Corticium) 673
50—2
788
INDEX
radiosum ( Fr. ) Rea ( Corticium ) 683, 685
radula (Pens.) Fr. (Poria) 602
Radulum Fr. 13, 639
raeborhiza (Lasch) Gill. (Mycena) 380
Ralfsii B. & Br. (Crepidotus) 456
ramealis (Bull.) Fr. (Marasmius) 527
ramentacea (Bull.) Fr. (Armillaria)
107, 224
ramentacea B. & Br. (Poria) 604
ramentaceum (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma)
107, 224
ramosus Schulz. (Cantharellus) 542
ramosus (BuU.) Quel. (Polyporus) 581
rancida Fr. (Collybia) 339
rancida Bres. (Poria) 603
rapaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 138
raphanoides (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
167
ravida Fr. (Galera) 411
ravidus Fr. (Polystictus) 610
Reaae Maire (Leptonia) 344
Reai Maire (Hygrophorus) 305
receptacles x
recisa (Ditm.) Fr. (Exidia) 734
recisa Ditm. (Tremella) 734
recolligens (Lycoperdon) 42
recutita Fr. (Amanita) 99
redimitus Fr. (Cortinarius) 158
reducta Fr. (Naucoria) 358
Reedii Berk. (Cortinarius) 190
reflexa (Schaefif.) Fr. (Pholiota) 118
regalis Fr. (Amanita) 100
regius Krombh. (Boletus) 566
rdicina (Fr.) Schroet. (Astrosporina)
203
relicina Fr. (Inocybe) 203
Renati Quel. (Mycena) 378
renidens Fr. (Cortinarius) 187
renifonnis Fr. (Pleurotus) 448
Rennyi (B. & Br.) Rea (Astrosporina)
212
Rennyi B. & Br. (Inocybe) 212
Rennyi B. & Br. (Poria) 605
repandum (Bull.) Fr. (Entoloma) 244
repandum (Hydnum) 631
repandum (Linn.) Fr. (Hydnum) 630
repens Fr. (Collybia) 328
replexus Fr. (Cantharellus) 545
resinaceum Boud. (Ganoderma) 598
resinaceum Boud. (Ganoderma) 596
resinaceus (Trog) Quel. (Lentinus) 538
resinosus (Schrad.) Quel. (Polyporus)
597
resplendens Fr. (Tricholoma) 216
resupinata (Bolt.) W. G. Sm. (Poria)
606
resupinatus Bolt. (Boletus) 595
resupinatus Sow. (Boletus) 619
resupinatus (Bolt.) Massee (Fomes)
596, 606
resutum Fr. (Entoloma) 248
reticulata (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 607
reticulatus (Schaeff.) Boud. (Boletus)
567
reticulatus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteolus) 63
reticulatus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteolus) 63
reticulatus Cke. (Pluteus) 62, 443
reticulatus Fr. (Polyporus) 607
retigera Bres. (Collybia) 327
retigera Bres. (Collybia) 340
retirugis Fr. (Panaeolus) 370
retirugus (Bull.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 546,
547
retirugus (Bull.) Quel. (Dictyolus) 546,
547
retisporus Massee (Lactarius) 492
retosta Fr. (Omphalia) 430
revolutus Cke. (Paxillus) 551
revolutus Kickx (Pleurotus) 446
revolutus Kickx (Pleurotus) 446
rhacodes (Vitt.) Fr. (Lepiota) 65
Rhlzopogon Fr. 4, 29
rhodella Fr. (Poria) 601
rhodellus Fr. (Polyporus) 605
rhodiola Bres. (Inocybe) 205
rhodocalix (Eccilia) 436
rhodocylix (Lasch) Fr. (Eccilia) 436
Rhododendri Cramer (Exobasidium)
725
rhodopolium Fr. (Entoloma) 250
rhodospora Br. & W. G. Sm. (Nolanea)
406
rhodoxanthus (Schwein.) Bres. (Phyllo-
porus) 551
Ribis (Schum.) Fr. (Fomes) 594
riculatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 160
Riederi (Weinm.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 136
rigens (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 189
rigens Pers. (Pluteus) 57
rigidus (Scop.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 180
rimosa (Bull.) Fr. (Inocybe) 195
rimosa Cke. (Peniophora) 693, 697
rimososquamosus Cke. (Coprinus) 502
rimulincola (Lasch) Rabenh. (Nau-
coria) 351
ring*
rivulosa (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 275
rivulosus (Bull.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 498
roburneus (Fr.) Lloyd (Fomes) 593
robusta A. & S. (Armillaria) 106
robusta (A. & S.) Fr. (Armillaria) 106
robustior Cke. (Cortinarius) 170
robustum Cke. (Tricholoma) 230
robustus Karst. (Fomes) 593
Romellii Maire (Russula) 470
rorida Fr. (Mycena) 398
rosacea (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 467
rosea (Dalman) Fr. (Clavaria) 714
rosea Rea (Lepiota) 76
rosea (Pers.) Sacc. (Mycena) 376
INDEX
789
rosea (Schaeff.) Quel. (Russula) 476
roseipes Massee (Hygrophorus) 300
roseipes (Seer.) Bres. (Russula) 472
rosella Fr. (Mycena) 376
roseoalbus Fr. (Pluteus) 61
roseocremeum Bres. (Corticium) 684
roseogriseus Wakef. & Pears. (Hypo-
chnus) 657
roseolum Massee (Corticium) 673, 683
roseotinctus Rea (Coprinus) 505
roseozonatus Fr. (Lactarius) 484
roseum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 673, 683
roseum Cke. (Entoloma) 244
roseum Maire (Entoloma) 248
roseus (A. & S.) Fr. (Fomes) 596
roseus (A. & S.) Fr. (Fomes) 596
roseus (Fr.) Quel. (Gomphidius) 324
Rostkovii Fr. (Boletus) 564
Rostkovii Fr. (Polyporus) 580
rotula (Scop.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 531
rotula (Scop.) Fr. (Marasmius) 531
Roumeguerii Bres. (Corticium) 683, 693
Rozei Quel. (Entoloma) 247
Rozites Karst. 7, 111
rubella Quel. (Mycena) 378
rubella Gillet (Pratella) 90
rubella Gillet (Psaliota) 90
rubellus Cke. (Cortinarius) 175
rubellus McWeeney (Gyrodon) 557
rubens (Scop.) Quel. (Amanita) 104
ruber (Mich.) Pers. (Clathrus) 21
rubescens (Pers.) FT. (Amanita) 104
rubescens Cke. (CoUybia) 332
rubescens (Bres.) Bataille (Lactarius)
495
rubescens Pers. (Limacium) 293
rubescens Tul. (Rhizopogon) 29
rubescens (A. & S.) Fr. (Trametes) 614
rubescens (A. & S.) Fr. (Trametes) 614
Rubi Berk. (Crepidotus) 361, 456
rubicundula Rea (Flammula) 318
rubicundus Rene Maire (Boletus) 572
rubida Berk. (Nolanea) 406
rubiformis Fr. (Naematelia) 733
rubiformis (Fr.) Quel. (Tremella) 733
rubiginosa (Pers.) Fr. (Galera) 410
rubiginosa (Dicks.) Lev. (Hymeno-
chaete) 667
rubiginosum (Schrad.) Fr. (Stereum)
667
rubiginosus Fr. (Boletus) 569
rubinus W. G. Sm. (Boletus) 564
rubra La Billard (Aseroe) 22
rubra Rea (Inocybe) 202
rubra Cke. (Russula) 469
rubra (Krombh.) Bres. (Russula) 467
rubricata B. & Br. (Naucoria) 351, 526
rubricatus (B. & Br.) Massee (Maras-
mius) 351, 526
rubriceps Cke. & Massee (Chitonia) 97
rubriceps (Cke. & Massee) Rea
(Clarkeinda) 97
rubromarginata Fr. (Mycena) 375
rudis Fr. (Panus) 535
rufa (Batt.) Quel. (Armillaria) 106
rufa (Batt.) Quel. (Armillaria) 106
rufa Fl. Dan. (Clavaria) 714
rufa (Guepinia) 733
rufa (Pers.) Fr. (Hypocrea) 732, 745
rufa Pat. (Inocybe) 200
rufa (Schrad.) Fr. (Poria) 601
rufescens (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clavaria) 710
rufescens Pers. (Geaster) 43
rufescens (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 631
rufescens B. & Br. (Lepiota) 75
rufescens Fr. (Polyporus) 582, 617
rufescens Berk. (Psaliota) 87
rufidula Kalchbr. (Pholiota) 124
rufipes Gillet (Cantharellus) 542
rufipes Massee &W. G. Sm. (Pleurotus)
448
rufocarnea Berk. (Nolanea) 404
rufohispidum Stev. (Stereum) 668
rufomarginatum (Pers.) Quel. (Stereum)
667
rufo-olivaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 143
rufopallidus Trog (Polyporus) 596
rufulus B. & Br. (Agaricus) 428
rufum Engl. Auth. (Stereum) 739
rufum Fr. (Stereum) 667
rufus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Boletus) 572
rufus (Jacq.) Bref. (Gyrocephalus) 733
rufus (Scop.) Fr. (Lactarius) 490
rufus (Pers.) Fr. (Merulius) 621
rugosa (Bull.) Fr. (Clavaria) 706
rugosa (Bull.) Fr. (Clavaria) 707, 719
rugosa Fr. (Mycena) 383
rugosa Fr. (Mycena) 332
culum Berk. & Curt. (Stereum)
rugosum (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 663
rugosus Fr. (Boletus) 573
rusiophylla (Lasch) Fr. (Psaliota) 91
russocoriaceus Berk. & Miller (Hygro-
phorus) 300
Russula Fr. 8, 457
russula (Schaeff.) Quel. (Hygrophorus)
219, 247, 293
russula (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma)
219, 293
russus Fr. (Cortinarius) 137
rustica Fr. (Omphalia) 427
Ruthae B & Br. (Pleurotus) 444
rutilans (Pers.) Quel. (Cytidia) 683,
698
rutilans (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 585
rutilans (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 585
rutilans (Schaeff. ) Fr. (Tricholoma) 219
rutilans (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 219
rutilus Fr. (Boletus) 561
\\
790
INDEX
sabuletomm (B. & Curt.) Rea (Astro-
sporina) 207, 212
sabuletorum B. & Curt. (Inocybe) 212
saccatum (Vahl.) Fr. (Lycoperdon) 31
saccatus Fr. (Geaster) 42
saccharifera B. & Br. (Mycena) 399
saccharina Fr. (Exidia) 735
saccharina (Fr.) Bref. (Ulocolla) 735
saccharinus (Batsch) Rea (Andro-
saceus) 533
saccharinus (Batsch) Fr. (Marasmius)
533
sacchariolens Quel. (Hebeloma) 259
Sadleri B. & Br. (Clitocybe) 290
saepiaria (Wulf.) Fr. (Lenzites) 613
saevum Gillet (Tricholoma) 237
sagata Fr. (Psaliota) 91
saginus Fr. (Cortinarius) 137
Sahleri Quel. (Galera) 412
salicicola Fr. (Flammula) 319
salicicola FT. (Flammula) 320
salicinum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 698
salicinus (Pers.) Fr. (Fomes) 593
salicinus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 59
saligna Fr. (Daedalea) 583, 618
salignus (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 446
salignus Fr. (Polyporus) 583, 618
salor Fr. (Cortinarius) 151
Sambuci (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 677,
697
Sambuci Pers. (Thelephora) 677
sambucina FT. (Inocybe) 196
sanguifluus (Paul.) Fr. (Lactarius) 488
sanguinea (Fr.) Bres. (Peniophora)
683, 690
sanguinea (Bull.) Fr. (Russula) 466
sanguineum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 690
sanguineus Pers. (Boletus) 571
sanguineus (With.) Quel. (Boletus) 562
sanguineus (Wulf.) Fr. (Cortinarius)
164
sanguinolenta (A. & S.) Fr. (Mycena)
394
sanguinolenta (A. & S.) Fr. (Poria) 604
sanguinolenta A. & S. (Thelephora) 663
sanguinolentum (A. & S.) Fr. (Stereum)
663
saniosus FT. (Cortinarius) 192
sapidus Schulz. (Pleurotus) 444
sapinea Fr. (Flammula) 321
saponaceum Fr. (Tricholoma) 227
Saprophytes x, xi, 1, 16, 21, 725, 726
sarcocephala (Fr.) Quel. (Psathyra)
361, 413
sarcocephala Fr. (Psilocybe) 361, 413
sarcoides (Jacq.) Tul. (Coryne) 732
sarcoides Sm. (Tremella) 732
sardonia (Fr.) Bres. (Russula) 469
Samicus Massee (Clitopilus) 312
satanas Lenz (Boletus) 571
saturninus Fr. (Cortinarius) 184
saturninus Fr. (Cortinarius) 185
Saundersii Fr. (Entoloma) 247
scabella (Fr.) Schroet. (Astrosporhia)
211
scabella (Fr.) Bres. (Inocybe) 202, 207
scabella (Fr.) Quel. (Inocybe) 211
scabdlus (A. & S.) Quel. (Marasmius)
533, 534
scaber (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 573
scaber (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 573
scabra (Muller) Fr. (Inocybe) 194
scabrosum Fr. (Hydnum) 632
scalpturatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 222
scalpturatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 223
scamba Fr. (Flammula) 323
scambus (Fr.) Quel. (Paxillus) 323
scandens Fr. (Cortinarius) 190
scaurus Fr. (Cortinarius) 144
Schaefferi Fr. (Cortinarius) 177
Schaefferi B. & Br. (Hypholoma) 261
Schiedermayeri Heufl. (Hydnum) 636
schista Cke. & Sm. (Inocybe) 207
Schizophyllum Fr. 8, 452
Schmideli Vitt. (Geaster) 40
Schroeteri Karst. (Coprinus) 517
Schulzeria Bres. 6, 55
Schumacher) Fr. (Tricholoma) 234
Schweinitzii Fr. (Polyporus) 582
Schweinitzii Fr. (Polyporus) 582
sciophanoides Rea (Hygrophorus) 303
sciophanus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 303
sciophanus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 303
sciophyllus Fr. (Cortinarius) 185
sciophyllus (Fr.) Quel. (Cortinarius)
185
scitula Massee (Anellaria) 92
scitulus Massee (Panaeolus) 92
Scleroderma Pers. 5, 48
Sclerodermataceae 3, 5, 47
SCLERODERMINEAE 3, 47
sclerotia xi
sclerotipes Bres. (Marasmius) 528
scobicola B. & Br. (Psilocybe) 364
scobinacea (Fr.) Rick. (Hypholoma)
130
scobinacea FT. (Stropharia) 130
scobinella Fr. (Lepiota) 72
scolecina Fr. (Naucoria) 353
scorodonius Fr. (Marasmius) 529
scorteus FT. (Marasmius) 520
scorzonerea (Batsch) Fr. (Collybia) 330
scotica Massee (Peniophora) 692, 697
scoticus B. & Br. (Lactarius) 487
scoticus B. & Br. (Lentinus) 539
scrobiculatum Fr. (Hydnum) 635
scrobiculatus (Scop.) Fr. (Lactarius)
479
scutellare Berk. & Curt. (Corticium)
INDEX
791
scutulatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 171
scyphiformis Fr. (Omphalia) 427
scyphiformis (Omphalia) 424
scyphoides Fr. (Omphalia) 424
sebacea (Thelephora) 737
sebacea (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 737
sebaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 134
sebaceus B. & Br. (Dacryomyces) 742
Sebacina Tul. 14, 18, 737
secemibilis B. & Br. (Poria) 602
Secretanii Rabenh. (Amanita) 99
sejunctum (Sow.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 215
scmibulbosus Lasch (Pluteus) 97
semibulbosus (Lasch) Fr. (Pluteus) 60
semicrema Fr. (Russula) 459
semiflexa B. & Br. (Naucoria) 351
eemiglobata (Batsch) Fr. (Stropharia)
129
semilanceata Fr. (Psilocybe) 366
seminuda (Lasch) Fr. (Lepiota) 78
semiorbicularis (Bull.) Fr. (Naucoria)
356
semiorbicularis (Bull.) Fr. (Naucoria)
356
semisanguineus (Brig.) Maire (Cortin-
arius) 164
semitalis Fr. (Collybia) 329
semitalis Fr. (Collybia) 328
semitincta Phill. (Psathyra) 416
semivestita B. & Br. (Psathyra) 269,
417
semivestitum (B. & Br.) Quel. (Hypho-
loma) 269, 617
senescens Batsch (Hebeloma) 253
senescens (Batsch) B. & Br. (Hebeloma)
254
senilis FT. (Clitocybe) 284
separata (Linn.) Karst. (Anellaria) 91
separatus (Linn.) Fr. (Panaeolus) 91
septicus Fr. (Pleurotus) 449
sepulta (B. & Br.) Rea (Odontia) 650
sepultum B. & Br. (Hydnum) 650
serarius Fr. (Cortinarius) 145
serena Fr. (Lepiota) 75
seriate Fr. (Corticium) 680
sericella (Fr.) Quel. (Leptonia) 249,
346
sericdlum Fr. (Entoloma) 249, 346
sericeomollis Romell (Poria) 602
sericeum (Bull.) Fr. (Entoloma) 251
serifluus (DC.) Fr. (Lactarius) 494
serotina Quel. (Russula) 462
serotinum (Bon.) Hollos (Lycoperdon)
35
serotinus (Schrad.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 447
serpens (Tode) Fr. (Merulius) 621
serpens Fr. (Trametes) 616
serrulata FT. (Leptonia) 345
serrulata (Pers.) Fr. (Leptonia) 345
serum (Pers.) Quel. (Corticium) 677
sessilis Sow. (Peziza) 700
setigera Fr. (Kneiffia) 650, 692
setigera Bres. (Peniophora) 649
setigera (Fr.) Bres. (Peniophora) 650,
setigera Fr. (Psaliota) 90
setigerum (Fr.) Karst. (Corticium) 692
setipes Fr. (Omphalia) 433
setosa (Sow.) Fr. (Mycena) 400
setosa (Sow.) Quel. (Mycena) 399
setosum (Pers.) Bres. (Hydnum) 636
Seynii Quel. (Mycena) 377
sideroides (Bull.) Fr. (Naucoria) 354
silaceum (Pers.) Fr. (Hypholoma) 260
siliginea Fr. (Galera) 408
siliginea Fr. (Galera) 408
similis Boud. & Pat. (Clavaria) 715
similis B. & Br. (Coprinus) 503
simillima Karst. (Mycena) 384
simillima Karst. (Mycena) 383
sinapizans (Paul.) Fr. (Hebeloma) 257
sindonia Fr. (Inocybe) 197
sinopica Fr. (Clitocybe) 282
sinuatum Fr. (Entoloma) 243
sinuosa Fr. (Poria) 606
sinuosa (Fr.) Quel. (Trametes) 606, 616
sinuosum Fr. (Hebeloma) 253
sinuosum Fr. (Hebeloma) 254
sinuosus Fr. (Craterellus) 546
sinuosus Fr. (Polyporus) 616
siparia Fr. (Naucoria) 359
Sistotrema (Pers.) FT. 11, 591
sistotrema Fr. (Gyrodon) 557
sistrata Fr. (Lepiota) 78
Smithii Massee (Clitopilus) 312, 436
Smithii (Massee)W. G. Sm. (Eccilia)436
Smithii Lloyd (Geaster) 41
Smithii Massee (Psathyrella) 421
soboliferus (Fr.) Rea (Coprinus) 502
sobria FT. (Naucoria) 359
socialis Fr. (Clitocybe) 272
sociatus FT. (Coprinus) 516
Solani Burt (Corticium) 678
Solani PriU. & Del. (Corticium) 678
Solani Prill. & Del. (Hypochnus) 678
Solani Kiihn (Rhizoctonia) 678
Solenia (Hoffm.) 15, 701
solitaria Bull. (Amanita) 102
solitaria (Bull.) Fr. (Amanita) 101
solstitialis Fr. (Leptonia) 345
sordidum Weinm. (Hydnum) 624, 638
sordidum (Schum.) Fr. (Tricholoma)
242
sordidus Fr. (Tricholoma) 238
sororia Karst. (Pholiota) 123
sororia (Larb.).Cke. (Russula) 465
sororia (Larb.) FT. (Russula) 465
sororiatus Karst. (Pluteus) 57
Sowerbeii (B. & Br.) Massee (Stereum)
661
792
INDEX
Sowerbeii B. & Br. (Thelephora) 661
Sowerbeji (B. & Br.) Pat. (Podoscypha)
661
spadicea (Fr.) Quel. (Psathyra) 367,
413
spadicea Fr. (Psilocybe) 367, 413
spadicea Fr. (Psilocybe) 268
spadiceogrisea (Schaeff.) Fr. (Psa-
thyra) 369, 415
spadiceogrisea (Schaeff.) Boud. (Psilo-
cybe) 246, 369, 415
spadiceum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 36
spadiceum Fr. (Stereum) 663
spadiceum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Sclero-
derma) 49
spadiceus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Boletus) 564
spadiceus (Scop.) Fr. (Hygrophorus)
308
Sparassis Fr. 14, 660
spartea Fr. (Galera) 409
spathulata (Schwein.) Rea (Odontia)
638, 648
spathulatum (Schwein.) Fr. (Hydnum)
638, 648
spathulatus (Schrad.) Fr. (Irpex) 611
spawn ix
speciosa Fr. (Volvaria) 95
speciosa Fr. (Volvaria) 95, 96
spectabilis Fr. (Pholiota) 119
spectabilis Fr. (Pholiota) 111
speculum Fr. (Entoloma) 252
Spegazzinii Karst. (Coprinus) 513
speirea Fr. (Mycena) 393
speirea Fr. (Mycena) 432
speirea (Fr.) Quel. (Omphalia) 393, 432
spermaticum Paul. (Hypophyllum) 221
spennaticum (Paul.) Fr. (Tricholoma)
216
sphaerobasis v. Post (Galera) 407
Sphaerobolaceae 3, 5, 54
Sphaerobolus (Tode) Pers. 5, 54
sphaerocephalus Barla (Boletus) 558
sphaerospora von Hoehn. & Litsch.
(Peniophora) 689
sphaerosporum (R. Maire) von Hoehn.
& Litsch. (Corticium) 658, 683
sphaerosporus Pat. (Claudopus) 453
sphaerosporus Rea (Hygrophorus) 305
sphaerosporus R. Maire (Hypochnus)
658, 683
sphagneti Fr. (Lactarius) 495
sphagnicola Berk. (Omphalia) 426
sphagnicola Berk. (Omphalia) 426
sphagnorum (Pers.) Fr. (Galera) 411
sphaleromorpha (Bull.) Fr. (Pholiota)
114
sphinctrinus Fr. (Panaeolus) 371
spicula Fr. (Galera) 409
spiculosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Maire
(Phylacteria) 654
spiculosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Maire
(Phylacteria) 653, 657
spiculosa (Fr.) Burt (Thelephora) 654
spilomaeolus Fr. (Paxillus) 550
spilomeus Fr. (Cortinarius) 163
spilopus B. & Br. (Pluteus) 60
spinosulus Quel. (Lactarius) 493
spintrigera Fr. (Stropharia) 131
spinulosa (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 711
spinulosa Stev. & Sm. (Clitocybe) 283
spinulosa (Berk. & Curt.) Burt.
(Eichleriella) 641, 667, 739
spinvlosum Berk. & Curt. (Radulum)
739
spiripes (Swartz) Sacc. (Mycena) 377
spissa Fr. (Amanita) 103
splachnoides (Hornem.) Rea (Andro-
saceus) 531
splachnoides (Hornem.) Fr. (Maras-
mius) 531
splendens (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 283
spodoleucus B. & Br. (Marasmius)
530
spodopileus Sacc. (Pluteus) 60
spongia Fr. (Polyporus) 582
spongiosus Fr. (Pleurotus) 442
sporidiola ix, xi
Spraguei Berk. & Curt. (Coprinus) 512
spumeus (Sow.) Fr. (Polyporus) 590
spumosa Fr. (Flammula) 316
squalens Fr. (Psilocybe) 368
squalidus (Krombh.) Fr. (Lactarius)
485
squalidus Fr. (Merulius) 623
squalinum Fr. (Hydnum) 637
squamosa (Pers.) Fr. (Stropharia) 128
squamosum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Hydnum)
632
squamosum Cke. (Hypholoma) 261
squamosum Cke. (Tricholoma) 227
squamosus Morgan (Coprinus) 501
squamosus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Lentinus)
537
squamosus (Huds.) Fr. (Polyporus)
579
squamulosa Massee (Stropharia) 126
squamulosus Rea (Hygrophorus) 295
squarrosa Rea (Inocybe) 204
squarrosa (Mull.) Fr. (Pholiota) 117
squarrulosum Bres. (Tricholoma) 225
stabularis Fr. (Coniophora) 627
stagnina (Fr.) Quel. (Galera) 439
stagnina Fr. (Tubaria) 439
stannea Fr. (Mycena) 389
stans Fr. (Tricholoma) 218
staurospora Bres. (Nolanea) 401
stellaris Quel. (Coprinus) 514
stellata Fr. (Omphalia) 431
stellatus (Tode) Pers. (Sphaerobolus)
54
INDEX
793
stdlatus (Tode) Pers. (Sphaerobolus)54
stemmatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 180
stenodon (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (Acia)
638, 642
stenospora Bourd. & Galz. (Cyphella)
700
Stephensii Berk. (Marasmius) 521
Stephensii (Berk.) Tul. (Octaviania) 28
stercoraria Pr. (Stropharia) 129
stercorarius Fr. (Coprinus) 513
stercorarius Fr. (Coprinus) 513
stereoides Fr. (Polyporus) 609
stereoides Fr. (Polystictus) 609
stereoides Fr. (Polystictus) 616
Stereum (Pers.) Massee 14, 661, 667
sterigmata ix
sterquilinus Fr. (Coprinus) 500
Stevensonii B. & Br. (Cantharellus)
545
Stevensonii B. & Br. (Collybia) 335
Stevensonii B. & Br. (Hydnum) 638,
647
Stevensonii B. & Br. (Hymenochaete)
668
Stevensonii (B. & Br.) Rea (Odontia)
638, 647
Stevensonii B. & Br. (Panus) 536
Stevensonii B. & Br. (Porothelium)
645, 703
stilbocephalus Berk. (Clitopilus) 312
stilbocephalus B. & Br. (Clitopilus) 312
Stilbum (Tode) Juel 17, 728
stillatitius Fr. (Cortinarius) 152
stillatus (Nees) Fr. (Dacryomyces) 741
stipata (Fr.) Quel. (Odontia) 638,646
stipatum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 646
stipitaria Fr. (Collybia) 333, 534
stipitarius (Fr.) Pat. (Crinipellis) 333,
534
stipticus (Bull.) Fr. (Panus) 535
stipticus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 590
stolonifera Jungh. (Collybia) 337, 521
stored Fr. (Hypholoma) 264
straminea Cotton (Clavaria) 716
stramineum Bres. (Gloeocystidium)684
straminipes Massee (Clitopilus) 313
strangulata (Fr.) Roze (Amanitopsis)
93
stratosum B. & Br. (Stereum) 666
striaepes (Seer.) Quel. (Boletus) 563
striaepes Cke. (Naucoria) 353
striaepilea Fr. (Omphalia) 425
striata (Hoffm.) Fr. (Calocera) 745
striata (Clavaria) 745
striata (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 717
striatulus (Fr.) Quel. (Calathinus) 452
striatulus Fr. (Pleurotus) 452
striatum (SchaefE.) Quel. (Tricholoma)
218
striatus (Huds.) Pers. (Cyathus) 46
striatus DC. (Geaster) 41
stricta Fr. (Calocera) 745
stricta (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 713
stricta (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 709
stridula Fr. (Collybia) 331
strigiceps Fr. (Flammula) 207, 323
strigiceps Fr. (Inocybe) 207
strigosissima Rea (Nolanea) 402
strigosum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Corti-
cium) 682
strobilaceus (Scop.) Fr. (Boletus) 556
strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk. (Strobilo-
myces) 556
strobiliformis Fr. (Amanita) 102
strobiliformis (Paul.) Quel. (Amanita)
101
strobiliformis Vitt. (Amanita) 101
strobilina Fr. (Mycena) 376
Strobilomyces Berk. 10, 555
stroma xi
Stropharia Fr. 7, 124
strophosum Fr. (Hebeloma) 256
stuppea B. & Br. (Cyphella) 699
stylobates (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 398
suaveolens Bull. (Boletus) 614
suaveolens ( Schum. ) Fr. ( Clitocybe ) 287
suaveolens (Schum. ) Fr. (Clitocybe) 289
suaveolens Rea (Marasmius) 523
suaveolens Rea (Marasmius) 523
suaveolens (Linn.) Fr. (Trametes) 615
suavis (Lasch) Fr. (Leptonia) 347
subalutacea (Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe)
273
subalutacea Fr. (Clitocybe) 274
subalutacea (Karst.) von Hoehn. &
Litsch. (Peniophora) 683, 688
subalutaceum Karst. (Corticium) 683,
688
subannulata Batsch (Armillaria) 106
subatrata (Batsch) Fr. (Psathyrella)
419
subbalteatus B. & Br. (Panaeolus) 372
subcava Schum. (Armillaria) 75
subcava (Schum.) Fr. (Armillaria) 110
subcollariatum B. & Br. (Hebeloma)
256
subcoronatum von Hoehn. & Litsch.
(Corticium) 679
subcostatum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Corticium) 639, 674
subcostatum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Corticium) 664
subcostatum Karst. (Stereum) 674
subcostatum (Karst.) Massee (Stereum)
664
subdealbata (B. & Br.) Massee (Conio-
phora) 627, 683
subdealbatum B. & Br. (Corticium) 683
subdecastes Cke. & Massee (Clitocybe)
277
794
INDEX
subdulcis (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 494
subericaea Fr. (Psilocybe) 362
subferrugineus (Batsch) FT. (Cortinar-
ius) 182
subfoetens W. G. Sm. (Russula) 466
subfuscoflavida {Rostk. ) Massee (Poria)
606
subfuscoflavidus Rostk. (Polyporus) 606
subfuscus Karst. (Hypochnus) 655
subgelatinosa B. & Br. (Kneiffia) 650
subgelatinosa B. & Br. (Poria) 607
subgibbosa Fr. (Psaliota) 90
subglobosa (A. & S.) Fr. (Naucoria)
349
subglobosa (A. & S.) Cke. (Nolanea)
404
subhepatica (Batsch) Sacc. (Omphalia)
428
subinvoluta W. G. Sm. (Clitocybe)
282, 283
subinvolutus Batsch (Agaricus) 282
subinvolutus (Batsch) W. G. Sm.
(Paxillus) 282, 551
sublanatus (Sow.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 159
sublateritia Schaeff. (Flammuloides)
260
sublateritium (Schaeff.) Fr. (Hypho-
loma) 261
sublutea (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Pholiota) 122
sublutescens Henn. (Leptonia) 347
submarasmioides Speg. (Lepiota) 79
submutabile von Hoehn. & Litsch.
(Corticium) 658, 683
submutabilis (von Hoehn. & Litsch.)
Rea (Hypochnus) 658, 683
subnotatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 167
subpalmatus Fr. (Pleurotus) 443
subpulverulentum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricho-
loma) 242
subpurpurascens Fr. (Cortinarius) 141
subradiatus (Schum.) Fr. (Hygro-
phoms) 302
subramosus Bres. (Cantharellus) 544
subrimosa (Karst.) Sacc. (Inocybe)
207, 210
subrimosus Karst. (Clypeus) 210
subsaponaceum Karst. (Hebeloma) 257
subsquarrosa Fr. (Pholiota) 118
subtemulenta Lamb. (Naucoria) 358
subtile FT. (Hydnum) 638, 647
subtilis (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 708
subtomentosus (Linn.) Fr. (Boletus)
563
subulata Bourd. & Galz. (Peniophora)
688
subulata Fr. (Pterula) 724
subumbonatus Lindgr. (Lactarius) 495
subumbonatus (Lindgr.) Quel (Lac-
tarius) 495
subvolvacea W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 87
succinea Fr. (Collybia) 336
succineus Fr. (Dacryomyces) 741
sudans (A. & S.) Fr. (Dacryobolus)
645
sudans (A. & S.) Bres. (Odontia) 645,
703
sudora Fr. (Mycena) 383
sudum Fr. (Tricholoma) 228
suffrutescens (Brot.) Fr. (Lentinus)
539
suillus Fr. (Cortinarius) 157
sulcatum Lindgr. (Hebeloma) 253
sulfurea (Pers.) Quel. (Coniophora)
628, 658
sulphurea (Weinm.) Fr. (Armillaria)
109
sulphurea (Fr.) Massee (Coniophora)
628
sulphurea Quel. (Daedalea) 592
sulphurea (Schwein.) Rea (Odontia)
638, 649
sulphureum Fr. (Corticium) 628, 676
sulphur eum (Pers.) Bres. (Corticium)
658, 682
sulphureum Schwein. (Hydnum) 638,
649
sulphureum (Quel.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Sistotrema) 592, 638
sulphureum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma)
229
sulphureus Fr. (Boletus) 562
sulphurous (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 581
sulphureus (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 582
sulphurinum Quel. (Tricholoma) 227
superba Massee (Flammula) 318
superba Jung. (Psathyra) 413
Swartzii Fr. (Omphalia) 433
sylvatica Schaeff. (Pratella) 89, 90
sylvatica (Schaeff.) Fr. (Psaliota) 89
sylvicola (Vitt.) FT. (Psaliota) 88
tabacina Sow. (Auricularia) 668
tabacina Cke. & Ellis (Grandinia) 655
tabacina (Sow.) Lev. (Hymenochaete)
668
tabacina (DC.) Fr. (Naucoria) 356
tabacinum (Sow.) Fr. (Stereum) 668
tabescens (Scop.) Rea (Armillaria) 110,
278
tabescens (Scop.) Rea (Armillaria) 313
tabescens (Scop.) Bres. (Clitocybe) 278
tabescens (Scop.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 110
tabidus Fr. (Lactarius) 496
tabularis (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 161
talus Fr. (Cortinarius) 139
talus Fr. (Cortinarius) 138
Tammii Fr. (Flammula) 314, 551
tardus Karst. (Coprinus) 508
Taylori Berk. (Volvaria) 95
Taylori Berk. (Volvaria) 94
INDEX
795
tegularis (Schum.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 366
Telamonia Fr. 168
telmatiaea Berk. & Cke. (Omphalia)
425
temperata B. & Br. (Volvaria) 95
temulenta Fr. (Naucoria) 357
tenacella (Pers.) Fr. (Collybia) 337, 521
tenax Fr. (Naucoria) 357
tenella Fr. (Mycena) 393
tenella (Batsch) Sacc. (Mycena) 397
tener Berk. (Bolbitius) 499
tener Berk. (Hymenogaster) 27
tenera (Schaeff.) Fr. (Galera) 407
tenerrima Massee & Crossl. (Clavaria)
720
tenerrima Berk. (Mycena) 399
tenerrima Berk. (Mycena) 400
tenue Pat. (Corticium) 684
tenuiceps Cke. & Massee (Tricholoma)
226
tenuicula Karst. (Psathyra) 415
tenuipes Cke. & Massee (Boletus) 560
tenuipes B. & Br. (Clavaria) 719
tenuipes (B. & Br.) Massee (Pistillaria)
719
tennis (Clavaria) 722
tenuis (Bolt.) Fr. (Mycena) 390
tenuis (Sow.) Fr. (Typhula) 722
tephrocephala Fr. (Pleurotus) 444
tephroleucus Fr. (Polyporus) 590
tephrotrichus Fr. (Pleurotus) 441
terginus Fr. (Marasmius) 521
Terrei (B. & Br.) Cke. (Lactarius) 495
terrestris Sow. (Boletus) 604
terrestris Fr. (Flammula) 322
terrestris (Peck) Burt (Merulius) 623
terrestris Massee (Peniophora) 693, 697
terrestris (Ehrh.) Big. & Guill.
(Phylacteria) 653
terrestris (DC.) Fr. (Poria) 607
terrestris (A. & S.) W. G. Sm. (Sphaero-
bolus) 55
terrestris (Ehrh.) Fr. (Thelephora) 653
terreum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma)
223
Terreyi B. & Br. (Lepiota) 76
terrigena Fr. (Pholiota) 112
Terryi B. & Br. (Trametes) 616
tesquorum Fr. (Collybia) 342
tesselatum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 36
tessulatus (Bull.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 442
testaceum (Batsch) Fr. (Hebeloma)
254
testaceus Cke. (Cortinarius) 143
testaceus Fr. (Gomphidius) 325
theiogalus (Bull.) Quel. (Lactarius) 485
theiogalus (Fr.) Plowr. (Lactarius) 489
Thelebolus 55
Thelephora (Ehrh.) Fr. 13, 15, 18,
651, 661, 737
thelephora Cke. & Massee (Collybia)
335
Thelephoraceae 11, 14, 660
Thompsonii B. & Br. (Entoloma) 249
thrausta Kalchbr. (Stropharia) 128
thrausta (Kalchbr.) Cke. (Stropharia)
128
Thuretiana (Lev.) Fr. (Exidia) 735
Thwaitesii B. & Br. (Hymenogaster) 27
Thwaitesii B. & Br. (Hysterangium) 25
tigrinellus Boud. (Coprinus) 514
tigrinum Fr. (Tricholoma) 233
tigrinus (Bull.) Fr. (Lentinus) 537
tintinnabulum Fr. (Mycena) 385
titubans (Bull.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 498
togatus (Kalchbr.) Cost. & Duf.
(Phallus) 24
togularis (Bull.) Fr. (Pholiota) 113
Tomentella (Pers.) Pat. 13, 654
tomentella Bres. (Peniophora) 690
tomentosa (Jungh.) Quel. (Inocybe)
195
tomentosum Fr. (Radulum) 641
tomentosum Fr. (Radulum) 648
tomentosus Krombh. (Boletus) 564
tomentosus (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 505
tomentosus (Otto) Cke. (Lactarius) 491
tomentosus Fr. (Polyporus) 574
tophaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 157
torminosus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Lactarius)
479
tornata Fr. (Clitocybe) 276
tornata Fr. (Clitocybe) 275
torquatus Fr. (Marasmius) 529
torquescens Quel. (Marasmius) 523
torta Berk. (Tremella) 732, 741
tortilis (Bolt.) Boud. (Laccaria) 290
tortipes Massee (Entoloma) 252
tortuosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 184
tortus (Berk.) Massee (Dacryomyces)
732, 741
torulosus (Pers.) Fr. (Panus) 535
torvus Fr. (Cortinarius) 170
torvus Fr. (Cortinarius) 138
trabeus Fr. (Polyporus) 589
traganus Fr. (Cortinarius) 157
trama ix
Trametes Fr. 12, 613
transilvanica Schulz. (Annularia) 82
translucens B. & Br. (Typhula) 722
trechispora (Berk.) Rea (Astrosporina)
209
trechispora Berk. (Inocybe) 209
trechisporum Berk. (Hebeloma) 209
Tremella (Dill.) Fr. 18, 729
Tremellaceae 18, 729
TREMELLALES xi, 2, 18, 729
Tremellodon Pers. 18, 736
tremelloides Wakef. & Pears. (Tulas-
nella) 740
796
INDEX
tremellosus (Schrad.) Fr. (Merulius)
620
tremulus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 448
trepida Fr. (Psathyrella) 420
Tricholoma Fr. 7, 214
tricholoma (A. & S.) Fr. (Flammula)
207, 322
tricholoma (A. & S.) Fr. (Inocybe) 207,
322
tricholoma (A. & S.) Quel. (Paxillus)
322, 323
triformis Fr. (Cortinarius) 177
trigonophylla (Lasch) Fr. (Tubaria)
438
trigonospermum Bres. (Corticium) 678
Trinii (Weinm.) Rea (Astrosporina)
211
Trinii (Weinm.) Bres. (Inocybe) 207
Trinii (Weinm.) Fr. (Inocybe) 211
triplex Jungh. (Geaster) 43
triscopa (Fr.) Quel. (Galera) 355
triscopa Fr. (Naucoria) 355
triste Boud. (Entoloma) 245
triste (Scop.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 224
triste (Scop.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 223
triumphans Fr. (Cortinarius) 133
trivialis Fr. (Lactarius) 483
Trogia Fr. 12, 541, 625
Trogii Fr. (Clitocybe) 274
Trogii Berk. (Trametes) 614
trullaeformis (Fr.) B. & Br. (Clitocybe)
281
truncata Fr. (Exidia) 734
truncatum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Hebeloma)
220, 258
truncatum (Schaeff.) Quel. (Tricho-
loma) 220, 258
truncorum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Coprinus)
506
tuba Fr. (Clitocybe) 285
tubaeformis Fr. (Cantharellus) 543
Tubaria W. G. Sm. 8, 437
tubarius Quel. (Polyporus) 576
tubercularia Berk. (Tremella) 732
tuberculata (Pholiota) 120
tuberculosa (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pholiota)
120
tuberculosa (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pholiota)
118
tuberosa (Sow.) Fr. (Calocera) 718, 745
tuberosa (Sow.) Berk. (Clavaria) 718
tuberosa (Bull.) Fr. (Collybia) 334
tuberosa (Grev.) Fr. (Thelephora) 662
tuberosum Grev. (Merisma) 662
tuberosum (Grev.) Massee (Stereum)
662
tuberosus (Agaricus) 334
tuberosus (Bull.) Quel. (Boletus) 571
tuberosus Quel. (Coprinus) 513
Tulasnella Schroet. 19, 739
TULASNELLACEAE 19, 739
TULASNELLALES xi, 2, 19, 739
Tulostoma Pers. 5, 52
Tulostomataceae 3, 5, 51
tumidum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 228
tumulosa (Kalchbr.) Fr. (Clitocybe)
279
tumulosus Kalchbr. (Agaricus) 279
turbinatus (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 142
Turci Bres. (Russula) 478
turgidus (Agaricus) 269
turgidus Fr. (Cortinarius) 154
turmalis Fr. (Cortinarius) 133
turpis (Weinm.) Fr. (Lactarius) 480,
486
turundus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 305
tylicolor Fr. (Collybia) 342
Tylopilus Karst. 9, 554
Typhae (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 671, 682
Typhae (Pers.) Pat. (Epithele) 671,
682
Typhula (Pers.) Fr. 16, 720
uda (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (Acia) 638,
641
uda (Pers.) Quel. (Flammuloides) 363
uda von Hoehn. (Protodontia) 736
uda (Pers.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 363
udum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 641
Ulicis Plowr. (Ditiola) 742
uliginosa Fr. (Naucoria) 359
uliginosus Berk. (Cortinarius) 165
ulmarius (Sow.) Fr. (Fomes) 595
ulmarius (Bull.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 442
Ulocolla Bref. 735, 736
umbella (Paul.) Quel. (Amanita) 102
umbellatus Fr. (Lentinus) 539
umbella tus Fr. (Polyporus) 580
umbellifera (Schaeff.) Quel. (Mycena)
389
umbellifera (Linn.) Fr. (Omphalia) 429
umbellifera (Linn.) Fr. (Omphalia) 430
umbilicata (Schaeff.) FT. (Omphalia)
423
umbilicatus Fr. (Geaster) 41
umbonata Quel. (Nolanea) 401
umbonatus (Gmel.) Fr. (Cantharellus)
543
umbratica Quel. (Inocybe) 209
umbratilis Fr. (Omphalia) 432
umbrina (Ferry) Maire (Amanita) 98
umbrina Fr. (Amanita) 100
umbrina Berk. (Clavaria) 708
umbrina ( A. &S.) Bres. (Coniophorella)
628
umbrina Fr. (Poria) 602
umbrina (Vitt.) Fr. (Psaliota) 87
umbrinella Sacc. (Clavaria) 708
umbrinellus (Sommerf.) Fr. (Pluteus)
62
INDEX
797
umbrinum (A. & S.) FT. (Corticium)628
umbrinum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 33
umbrinus Cke. & Massee (Coprinus)
500
umbrinus W. G. Sm. (Hygrophorus)
299
umbrinus (Fr.) Quel. (Hypochnus)
653, 654
umbrinus (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 486
umbrosus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 58
umbrosus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 250
uncialis (Grev.) Quel. (Ceratella) 723
uncialis Grev. (Clavaria) 720, 723
uncialis (Grev.) Cost. & Dufour (Pistil-
laria) 723
undata Berk. (Collybia) 333, 522
undata (Fr.) Quel. (Eccilia) 310, 312
undatus Fr. (Clitopilus) 310
undatus (Berk.) Quel. (Marasmius)
333, 522
und.atus Pers. (Polyporus) 687
undulata (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 271
undulata Fr. (Thelephora) 662
undulatum (Fr.) Massee (Stereum) 662
undulatus (Fr.) Sacc. (Polyporus) 589
unguentatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 223
unguinosus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 309
unicolor Bolt. (Boletus) 618
unicolor (Bull.) Fr. (Daedalea) 618
unicolor (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Pholiota) 123
unimodus Britz. (Cortinarius) 188
Upsaliensis Fr. (Stropharia) 127
uraceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 187
urania Fr. (Mycena) 391
urbicus Fr. (Cortinarius) 169
urens Bull. (Marasmius) 518
urens (Bull.) Fr. (Marasmius) 518
urticaecola (B. & Br. ) BuUer (Coprinus)
419, 512
urticaecola B. & Br. (Psathyra) 419,
512
ustale Fr. (Tricholoma) 218
USTILAGINEAE xi, 16, 726
utilis (Weinm.) Fr. (Lactarius) 482
uvidus Fr. (Lactarius) 483
uvidus Fr. (Lactarius) 481, 484, 485
Vaccinii (Fuck.) Woron. (Exobasidium)
725
vaccinum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 222
vaccinus Fr. (Boletus) 568
vaga Fr. (Phlebia) 625, 658
vaginata (Bull.) Roze (Amanitopsis)92
vagum Berk. & Curt. (Corticium) 678
i-agum Berk. & Curt. (Corticium) 678
Vahlii (Schum.) Fr. (Pholiota) 112
Vaillantii (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 525
Vaillantii (DC.) Fr. (Poria) 603, 703
Vaillantii (Fr.) Quel. (Porothelium)
603, 703
valgus Fr. (Cortinarius) 167
vaporaria (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 602
vaporaria (Otto) W. G. Sm. (Psaliota)
variabilis Cda. (Chaetoscypha) 701
variabilis (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Claudopus)
453, 456
variabilis (Pers.) Quel. (Crepidotus)
453, 456
varicosus Fr. (Marasmius) 520
varicosus Fr. (Marasmius) 520
variecolor B. & Br. (Boletus) 569
variecolor (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 136
variecolor Fr. (Hydnum) 592, 638
variecolor (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz.
(Sistotrema) 592
variegata (Fr.) Cost. & Dufour
(Lenzites) 613
variegatum (Scop.) Fr. (Tricholoma)
219
variegatus (Swartz) Fr. (Boletus) 562
variegatus (Seer.) Fr. (Fomes) 596
variegatus (Vitt.) Tul. (Melanogaster)
48
variegatus (Polyporus) 596
varius (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 135
varius Fr. (Polyporus) 577
vatricosa Fr. (Inocybe) 205
vegetum (Fr.) Romell (Ganoderma)
597
vegetus Fr. (Polyporus) 598
veil partial x
veil universal x
velatum Vitt. (Lycoperdon) 34
vellereum Ellis & Cragin (Corticium)
674
vellereus Fr. (Lactarius) 486
velox Godey (Coprinus) 515
veluticeps Cke. & Massee (Flammula)
313
velutina Quel. (Omphalia) 430
velutina (DC.) Cke. (Peniophora) 683,
692, 697
velutinum (DC.) Fr. (Corticium) 683,
692
velutinum (Pers.) Fr. (Hypholoma)
132, 265
velutinus Bertillon (Lactarius) 487
velutinus Fr. (Polystictus) 608
velutipes (Curt.) Fr. (Collybia) 332
velutipes (Curt.) Quel. (Pleurotus) 332
venetus Fr. (Cortinarius) 168
venosum Gillet (Entoloma) 251
ventricosa (BuU.) Fr. (Collybia) 335
ventricosa Massee (Stropharia) 129
ventricosus B. & Br. (Hygrophorus)
300
venustissima Fr. (Clitocybe) 273
verecunda Fr. (Nolanea) 405
vennicularis Fr. (Clavaria) 716
798
INDEX
vermicular is Fr. (Clavaria) 717
vermicularis Fr. (CUtocybe) 284
vermicularis (Pers.) Fr. (Daedalea) 619
vermiformis B. & Br. (Dacryomyces)
742
verna (Bull.) Fr. (Amanita) 98
verna (Lam.) Fr. (Amanita) 98
vernicosa Fr. (Clitocybe) 272
vernicosus (Bull.) DC. (Cyathus) 47
verrucosum (Vaill.) Pers. (Sclero-
derma) 50
verruculosa (Lasch) Fr. (Pholiota) 118
versatilis Fr. (Nolanea) 402
versicolor With. (Agaricus) 109
versicolor W. G. Sm. (Armillaria) 109
versicolor W. G. Sm. (Armillaria) 125
versicolor Rostk. (Boletus) 564
versicolor (Linn.) Fr. (Polystictus) 609
versicolor (With.) Fr. (Stropharia) 125
versicolor (With.) Quel. (Stropharia)
130
versicolor Berk. (Tremella) 732
versiformis (Fr.) (Nolanea) 405
versipelle Fr. (Hebeloma) 255
versipellis Fr. (Boletus) 572
versutus Peck (Crepidotus) 455
verticalis (Tremella) 730
vertirugis Cke. (Collybia) 333, 522
vervacti Fr. (Naucoria) 355
vesca Fr. (Russula) 476
vesicaria Sm. (Tremella) 731
vespertinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 148
veternosa Fr. (Russula) 473
viarum Fr. (Clitopilus) 311
vibecina Fr. (Clitocybe) 285
vibratilis Fr. (Cortinarius) 152
vietus Fr. (Lactarius) 489
vilis Fr. (Clitopilus) 312
vilis Fr. (Clitopilus) 310
vittatica Brond. (Psaliota) 82
villatica (Brond.) Magn. (Psaliota) 88
villosa (Pers.) Karst. (Cyphella) 700
villosus (Bull.) Quel. (Pluteus) 58
vinaceus (Scop.) Fr. (Nolanea) 404
vinosa (Bull.) Fr. (Flammula) 313
vinosa (Cda.) B. & Br. (Psathyra) 414
vinosus Cke. (Cortinarius) 158
violacea (Awd.)Schroet. (Hypochnella)
659
violacea Pat. (Inocybe) 197
violacea (A. & S.) Fr. (Poria) 605
violacea Quel. (Russula) 468
violacea (Relh.) Fr. (Tremella) 731
violaceifolia Peck (Inocybe) 199
violaceofusca Cke. & Massee (Inocybe)
163, 207
violaceofuscus (Cke. & Massee) Massee
(Cortinarius) 163, 207
violaceolivida (Sommerf . ) Bres. ( Penio-
phora) 683, 695
violaceolividum (Sommerf.) Fr. (Cor-
ticium) 683, 695
violaceus (Linn.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 155
violaceus (Pers.) Quel. (Irpex) 610
violaceus Cke. (Lactarius) 493
violarius Massee (Pluteus) 58
violascens Seer. (Agaricus) 468
violascens (Otto) Fr. (Lactarius) 485
violascens (Otto) Fr. (Lactarius) 483
violascens (Otto) Quel. (Lactarius) 485
violea (Quel.) Bourd. & Galz. (Tulas-
nella) 739
violeipes (Quel.) Maire (Russula) 477
violeus Quel. (Hypochnus) 739
viperina Fr. (Volvaria) 96
virens Scop. (Agaricus) 274
virens (Bull.) Quel. (Mycena) 379
virescens (Vaill.) Quel. (Amanita) 98
virescens Cda. (Naematelia) 733
virescens (Cke. & Massee) Masset
(Psilocybe) 364
virescens (Schaeff.) Fr. (Russula) 460
virescens (Schum.) Quel. (Tremella)
733
virescens Cke. (Tricholoma) 224
virescens Wharton (Tricholoma) 224
virgatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 228
virginea Cke. & Massee (Russula) 464
virgineus (Wulf.) Fr. (Hygrophorus)
300
viridans Berk. (Poria) 604
viride (A. & S.) Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 651
viridiflava Barla (Armillaria) 109
viridis (A. & S.) Pat. (Caldesiella) 638,
651
viridis Scop. (Clitocybe) 274
viridis (With.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 274
viridis (Schrad.) Quel. (Lactarius) 482
viridis (A. & S.) Quel. (Odontia) 651
viridis Fl. Dan. (Omphalia) 429
virosa Fr. (Amanita) 98
viscidus (Linn.) Fr. (Boletus) 559
viscidus (Linn.) Fr. (Gomphidius) 325
viscosa (Pers.) Fr. (Calocera) 744
viscosa (Berk.) Rea (Exidia) 735
viscosa (Seer.) R. Maire (Mycena) 396
viscosa Berk. (Tremella) 735
vitellina (Pers.) Bataille (Russula) 478
vitellina (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 478
vitellina Plowr. (Thelephora) 661
vitellinus (Pers.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 497
vitellinus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 304
vitilis Fr. (Mycena) 392
vitrea Fr. (Mycena) 390
vitrea (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 599
Vittadinii (Moretti) Vitt. (Amanita)
102
Vittadinii (Moretti) Fr. (Lepiota) 72
vittaeformis Fr. (Galera) 410
volemus Fr. (Lactarius) 493
INDEX
799
volva x
volvacea Bull. (Volvaria) 95
volvacea (Bull.) FT. (Volvaria) 94
Tolvaceominimus Crossland (Coprinus)
510
Volvaria Fr. 6, 94
vorticosum Fr. (Stereum) 664
vulgare Tul. (Crucibulum) 46
vulgare (Hornem.) Fr. (Scleroderma) 49
vulgare (Tode) Juel (Stilbum) 728
vulgaris Tul. (Hymenogaster) 26
vulgaris (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 397
vulgaris Fr. (Polyporus) 598
vulgaris Fr. (Poria) 598
vulgaris Pers. (Telephora) 701
vulpinus (Sow.) Fr. (Lentinus) 540
Wakefieldiae Bres. (Corticium) 675
Weinmannii Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 642
White! B. & Br. (Inocybe) 197
Wieslandri Fr. (Naucoria) 360
Worthingtonii Fr. (Stropharia) 128
Wynnei B. & Br. (Entoloma) 248
Wynnei B. & Br. (Marasmius) 519, 521
Wynnei B. & Br. (Polyporus) 588
Wynniae B. & Br. (Hiatula) 81
Wynniae B. & Br. (Hygrophorus) 306,
431
xanthoderma Genev. (Psaliota) 85
xanthophyUa Bres. (Pholiota) 114
xanthophyllus Cke. (Cortinarius) 142
xanthopus Fr. (Collybia) 336
xanthopus Pers. (Merulius) 544
zerampelina Schaeff. (Russula) 475
xerampelina (Schaeff.) Fr. (Russula)
471, 476
xerotoides von Post (Marasmius) 527
Xerotus FT. 9, 536
xylophila (Weinm.) Fr. (CoUybia) 332
zephirus Fr. (Mycena) 377
zonarius (BuU.) Fr. (Lactarius) 481
zonarius (Bull.) Quel. (Lactarius) 481
zonatum (Batsch) Fr. (Hydnum) 635
zonatus Fr. (Polystictus) 608
zygodesmoides (Ellis) Burt (Hypo-
chnus) 657
zygophylla Cke. & Massee (Clitocybe)
PRINTED IN ENGLAND BY J. B. PEACE, M.A., AT THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRE83
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