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Given By
U. S. SUPT. OF DOCUMENTS
^ 3^
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THE BUDGET
OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30
THE BUDGET
OF THE
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30
1963
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1962
For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington 25, D.C. - Price $1.00 (Paper Cover)
A NOTE ON THE FORMAT OF THE BUDGET
The Budget of the United States Government is presented this year
in a new compact volume containing the Budget Message of the Presi-
dent and other significant data to place before the Congress the
President's budgetary recommendations. This volume contains in its
300-odd pages the facts and figures that most users of the budget
would normally need or desire.
Additional infonnation used by the Appropriations Committees of
the Congress, and reference materials useful to those concerned with
details, will be found in a further volume, entitled The Budget of the
United States Government — Appendix. The Appendix contains the
text of appropriation language, schedules, and narrative statements
on program and performance for the individual appropriations and
funds. It also contains the supplementary schedules required by law
and heretofore printed in an appendix. The budget for the District
of Columbia is printed separately as usual.
Budget documents for the fiscal year 1963, available from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington 25, D.C. (Paper covers only.)
1. The Budget of the United States Government, 1963
($1.00).
2. The Budget of the United States Government, 1963 —
Appendix ($6.00).
3. The Budget of the United States Government, 1963 — ■
The District of Columbia (35 cents).
4. The Budget in Brief, 1963 (25 cents).
Note. — The first three volumes named above constitute the official
budget of the United States Government.
« ^ Boston Public Library
/ P^ p^ / ^ ^ Superintendent of Documents
/^<^3 FEB 1^1962
DEEQSIIORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I. THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT.. 7
PART 2. SUMMARY TABLES . 31
Table I. Summary of budget receipts and expenditures 33
Table 2. Summary of new obligational authority by agency 34
Table 3. Summary of budget expenditures by agency 35
Table 4. Summary of trust funds 36
Table 5. Receipts from and payments to the public 37
Table 6. Federal activities in the national income accounts 38
Table 7. Investment, operating, and other budget expenditures 39
Tables. The public debt 40
Table 9. Civilian employment in the Executive Branch. 41
Table 10. Budget totals and public debt. 1789-1963 42
PART 3. BUDGET RECEIPTS 43
Analysis of receipts by source 44
Table 1 1. Sources of budget receipts 49
Table 12. Budget receipts. 1953-1960 54
PART 4. THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 55
Analysis of Federal activities by function 56
National defense 56
International affairs and finance 67
Space research and technology 71
Agriculture and agricultural resources 73
Natural resources 77
Commerce and transportation 81
Housing and community development 85
Health, labor, and welfare 88
Education 93
Veterans benefits and services 96
Interest 99
General government 100
Table 13. New obligational authority and expenditures by function and agency 103
Table 14. Budget expenditures. 1953-1960 llO
PART 5. THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY . 113
Explanation of major steps in financing agency activities .. 1 14
Table 15. Relation of authorizations to expenditures 117
Analysis of new obligational authority and expenditures by agency 1 18
Legislative Branch 118
The Judiciary 129
Executive Office of the President 132
Funds Appropriated to the President 134
Department of Agriculture 139
4 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
PART 5. THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY— Continued Page
Analysis of new obligational authority and expenditures by agency — Continued
Department of Commerce 154
Department of Defense:
Military 163
Civil 175
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare 179
Department of the Interior 194
Department of Justice 213
Department of Labor 216
Post Office Department 220
Department of State 222
Treasury Department 227
Atomic Energy Commission 234
Federal Aviation Agency 234
General Services Administration 236
Housing and Home Finance Agency 241
National Aeronautics and Space Administration 246
Veterans Administration 247
Other independent agencies 249
District of Columbia 265
Al lowances for pay adjustments and contingencies 266
Table 1 6. Obligations incurred, net 267
Table 17. Balances of obligational authority 268
PART 6. SPECIAL ANALYSES 269
A. Trust fund operations and status 270
B. Federal receipts from and payments to the public 279
C. Federal activities in the national income accounts 283
D. Investment, operating, and other budget expenditures 290
E. Federal credit programs 304
F. Federal activities in public works and other construction 315
G. Federal research and development programs 327
H. Federal aid to State and local governments 340
I. Principal Federal statistical programs 348
J. Foreign currency availabilities and uses 352
K. Public enterprise fund operations 358
INDEX 362
GENERAL NOTES
The estimates in the budget cover requirements under existing legislation and
under legislation which is proposed for enactment by the Congress. While the
details of most requests for new obligational authority are contained in the budget
appendix, the details of some items will be transmitted later as supplemental esti-
mates. A further explanation of this point is included on page I 16.
Unless otherwise indicated, all references to years in this volume are to fiscal
years ending June 30.
Details in the tables and charts may not add to the totals because of rounding.
PART I
THE BUDGET MESSAGE
OF THE
PRESIDENT
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Budget Totals
S Billions
100 ~
^ >^ ^'<A
/
y^eficit^
Surpi
us
<t:
^ Receipts
X
40-
N,
..^ ExD
■
^ —
/
90
0_
1
1
1
1
1
1
19
48 1950 1952 1954 (956
1958 I960 '62 '63
Fiscal Yeors
Estimate
Trust Fund Totals
1948 1950
Fiscal Years
1952 1954 1956 1958 1960
1962 '63
Estimats
BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT
To the Congress of tlie United States :
I present with tliis message my budget recommendations for the
fiscal year 1963, beginning next July 1.
This is the first complete budget of this administration. It has
been prepared with two main objectives in mind :
• First, to carry forward efficiently the activities — ranging from
defense to postal services, from oceanographic research to space ex-
ploration— which by national consensus have been assigned to the
Federal Government to execute ;
• Second, to achieve a financial plan — a relationship between re-
ceipts and expenditures — which will contribute to economic growth,
high employment, and price stability in our national economy.
Budget expenditures for fiscal 1963 will total $92.5 billion under my
recommendations — an increase of $3.4 billion over the amount esti-
mated for the present fiscal year. More than three-quarters of the
increase is accounted for by national security and space activities, and
the bulk of the remainder by fixed interest charges.
Because of the increasing requirements for national security, I have
applied strict standards of urgency in reviewing proposed expendi-
tures in this budget. Many desirable new projects and activities are
being deferred. I am, moreover, recommending legislation which
will reduce certain budgetary outlays, such as the postal deficit and
the cost of farm price and production adjustments.
It would not, of course, be sensible to defer expenditures which are
of great significance to the growth and strength of the Nation. This
budget therefore includes a number of increases in existing programs
and some new proposals of high priority — such as improvements in
education and scientific research, retraining the unemployed and pro-
viding young people with greater employment opportunities, and aid
to urban mass transportation.
Budget receipts in fiscal year 1963 are estimated to total $93 billion,
an increase of $10.9 billion over the recession-affected level of the
present fiscal year. These receipts estimates are based on the expec-
tation that the brisk recovery from last year's recession will continue
through the coming year and beyond, carrying the gross national prod-
uct during calendar 1962 to a record $570 billion.
7
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 63
The administrative budget for 1963 thus shows a modest surplus of
about $500 million. Federal accounts on the basis of the con-
solidated cash statement — combining the administrative budget with
other Federal activities, mainly the social security, highway, and other
trust fmids — show an estimated excess of receipts from the public
of $1.8 billion over payments to the public. And in the terms in
which our national income accounts are calculated — using accrued
rather than cash receipts and expenditures, and including only trans-
actions directly affecting production and income — the Federal surplus
is estimated at $4.4 billion.
By all three measures in current use, therefore, the Federal Govern-
ment is expected to operate in 1963 with some surplus. This is the
policy which seems appropriate at the present time. The economy
is moving strongly forward, with employment and incomes rising.
The prospects are favorable for further rises in the coming year in
private expenditures, both consumption and investment. To plan a
deficit under such circumstances would increase the risk of inflationary
SUMMARY OF FEDERAL FINANCES
[Fiscal years. In billions]
Description
1959
actual
I960
actual
1961
actual
1962
esti-
mate
1963
esti-
mate
Administrative budget:
Budget receipts . --.-.
$67.9
80.3
$77.8
76.5
$77.7
81.5
$82.1
89.1
$93.0
Budget expenditures. . .. - -
92.5
Budget surplus {+) or- deficit (— )
-12.4
+1.2
-3.9
-7.0
+0.5
Consolidated cash statement:
Receipts from the pubhc
81.7
94.8
95.1
94.3
97.2
99.5
102.6
111. I
116.6
Payments to the public
114.8
Excess of receipts (+) or payments (—)...
-13.1
+0.8
-2.3
-8.5
+1.8
National income accounts — Federal sector:
Receipts -
85.4
90.2
94.1
91.9
94.8
97.0
105.6
106.1
116.3
Expenditures - . - -
III. 9
Surplus (~1~) or deficit ( — ) . .
-4.8
+2.2
-2.2
-0.5
+4.4
New obligational authority (administrative budget)
81.4
284.7
79.6
286.3
86.7
289.0
95.7
295.4
99.3
294.9
THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT
9
pressures, damaging alike to our domestic economy and to our inter-
national balance of payments. On tlie other hand, we are still far
short of full capacity use of plant and manpower. To plan a larger
surplus would risk choking off economic recovery and contributing
to a premature downturn.
Under present economic circumstances, therefore, a moderate surplus
of the magnitude projected above is the best national policy, consider-
ing all of our needs and objectives.
Budset Surplus or DeFicit
SURPLUS
DEFICIT
Fiscal Years
1963 Estimate I
1961
1959
1957
1955
1953
1951
1949
1947
1945
1943
1941
1939
10
10
20
50 $ Billions
Estimate
I
J
10
20
50
60
10
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
BUDGET EXPENDITURES
The total of budget expenditures — estimated at $92.5 billion in fiscal
1963 — is determined in large measure by the necessary but costly pro-
grams designed to achieve our national security and international
objectives in the current world situation. Expenditures for national
defense, international, and space programs account for more than
three-fifths of total 1963 budget outlays, and for more than three-
fourths of the estimated increase in expenditures in 1963 as compared
to 1962. Indeed, apart from the expected increase in interest pay-
ments, expenditures for the so-called "domestic civil" functions of
government have been held virtually stable between 1962 and 1963.
Within this total there are important shifts in direction and em-
phasis. Expenditures for agricultural programs, for the postal defi-
cit, and for temporary extended unemployment compensation are
expected to drop. The fact that funds for these purposes can be re-
duced permits us to make increases in other important areas — notably
education, health, housing, and natural resource development— without
raising significantly total expenditures for domestic civil functions.
BUDGET EXPENDITURES
[Fiscal years. In billions]
Function
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
National defense - _ - - - -
$47.5
2.5
.7
$51.2
2.9
1.3
$52.7
International affairs and finance -_ .-
3.0
Space research and technology . -_ - --_--.
2.4
Subtotal _ .._... -_
50.7
9.0
55.4
9.0
58.1
Interest . - _.
9.4
Domestic civil functions:
Agriculture and agricultural resources _ _ _
5.2
2.0
2.6
.3
4.2
.9
5.4
1.7
6.3
2.1
2.9
.5
4.7
l.I
5.6
1.9
5.8
Natural resources _ _ _
2.3
Commerce and transportation _ .
2.5
Housing and community development _.. ...
.8
Health, labor, and welfare . . _
5.1
Education .. . . . . . _ .
1.5
Veterans benefits and services
5.3
General government
2.0
Subtotal, domestic civil functions . .. .
22.4
25.3
25.4
Civilian pay reform
.2
Allowance for contingencies
.1
.7
.2
Deduct interfund transactions _
.7
.7
Total budget expenditures ..
81.5
89.1
92.5
THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT
11
m^
P«fc«n»
50-
40-
30-
20-
10-
Budget Expenditures
as a Percent of Gross National Product
Am
•jL-jT-liy
JmJ.«^
1938 1940
Fiscal Years
1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 I960 '62 '63
EsHmate
National defense. — This budget carries forward the policies
instituted within the past 12 months to strengthen our military forces
and to increase the flexibility with which they can be controlled and
applied. The key elements in our defense program include : a strate-
gic offensive force which would survive and respond overwhelmingly
after a massive nuclear attack ; a command and control system which
would survive and direct the response; an improved anti-bomber de-
fense system; a civil defense program which would help to protect an
important proportion of our population from the perils of nuclear
fallout; combat-ready limited war forces and the air and sealift
needed to move them quickly to wherever they might have to be
deployed ; and special forces to help our allies cope with the threat of
Communist-sponsored insurrection and subversion.
Increases in expenditures for the Nation's defense are largely
responsible for the rise in the budget of this administration compared
to that of its predecessor. For fiscal years 1962 and 1963, expendi-
tures for the military fmictions of the Department of Defense are
estimated at about $9 billion higher, and new obligational authority
at $12 to $15 billion more, than would have been required to carry
forward the progi'am as it stood a year ago.
For the coming year, the budget provides for further significant
increases in the capabilities of our strategic forces, including ad-
ditional Minuteman missiles and Polaris submarines. These forces
12 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
are large and versatile enough to survive any attack wliicli could be
launched against us today and strike back decisively. The programs
proposed in this budget are designed to assure that we will continue to
have this capability in the future. This assurance is based on an
exhaustive analysis of all the available data on Soviet military forces
and the strengths and vulnerabilities of our own forces under a wide
range of possible contingencies.
To strengthen the defenses of the North American Continent, this
budget proposes additional measures to increase the effectiveness of
our anti-bomber defense system, continued efforts to improve our
warning of ballistic missile attack, and further research and develop-
ment at a maximum rate on anti-missile defense possibilities.
The budget for the current year provides for identifying and mark-
ing available civilian shelter space for approximately 50 million peo-
ple. This phase of the civil defense program is proceeding ahead of
schedule. For 1963, I am requesting nearly $700 million for civil
defense activities of the Department of Defense, including $460 mil-
lion for a new cost-sharing program with State and local govern-
ments and private organizations to provide shelter in selected com-
mmiity buildings, such as schools and hospitals.
Although a global nuclear war poses the gravest threat to our sur-
vival, it is not the most probable form of conflict as long as we main-
tain the forces needed to make a nuclear war disastrous to any foe.
Military aggression on a lesser scale is far more likely. If we are to
retain for ourselves a choice other than a nuclear holocaust or retreat,
we must increase considerably our conventional forces. This is a task
we share with our free world allies.
The budget recommendations for 1963 are designed to strengthen
our conventional forces substantially. I am proposing:
• An increase in the number of regular Army divisions from 14 to
16. The two new divisions. would replace the two National Guard
divisions now on active duty and scheduled to return to reserve status
prior to October 1962.
• A substantial increase in the number of regular tactical fighter
units of the Air Force and in the procurement of new fighter and
reconnaissance aircraft. These steps will provide more effective air
support for our ground forces.
• Revision of the programs for organization and training of the
reserve components so they will be better adapted and better pre-
pared to serve in any emergency which requires mobilization.
• Significant increases in procurement for all of our conventional
forces. These forces must be equipped and provisioned so they
are ready to fight a limited war for a protracted period of time
anywhere in the world.
THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT 13
International affairs and finance. — A significant change has
taken place in our international assistance programs in recent years.
Military assistance expenditures are declining to an estimated $1.4
billion in 196H compared with $2.2 billion 5 years earlier. The moi-e
industrialized European countries have almost completely taken over
the cost of their own armament. In less developed countries, the mili-
tary assistance program continues to provide essential maintenance,
training, and selective modernization of equipment, with increased
emphasis on internal security, including anti-guerrilla warfare.
On the other hand, expenditures for economic and financial assist-
ance to the developing nations of the world have been increasing and
are estimated at $2.5 billion in 1963. These expenditures, largely in
the form of loans, will rise further in later years as development loan
commitments being made currently are drawn upon. A correspond-
ing increase is taking place in the contributions of other industrial-
ized countries.
The new Agency for International Development has been providing
needed leadership in coordinating the various elements of our foreign
aid programs throughout the world. A consistent effort is being made
to relate military and economic assistance to the overall capabilities
and needs of recipient countries to achieve economic growth and sus-
tain adequate military strength. To make our assistance more effec-
tive, increasing emj)hasis is being placed on self-help measures and
necessary reforms in these countries. The authority provided last
year to make long-tenn loan commitments to developing countries will
be of invaluable assistance to orderly long-range planning. Efforts
will also be made to foster more effectively the contribution of private
enterprise to development, through such means as investment guar-
antees and assistance for surveys of investment opportunities.
In August 1961, the United States formally joined with its neigh-
bors to the south in the establishment of the Alliance for Progress, an
historic cooperative effort to speed the economic and social develop-
ment of the American Republics. For their part, the Latin American
countries agreed to undertake a strenuous program of social and eco-
nomic reform and development through this decade. As this progi'am
of reform and development proceeds, the United States is pledged to
help. To this end, I am proposing a special long-term authorization
for $3 billion of aid to the Alliance for Progress within the next 4
years. In addition, substantial continued development loans are ex-
pected from the Export-Import Bank and from U.S. funds being
administered by the Inter-American Development Bank. These,
together with the continued flow" of agricultural commodities under
the Food for Peace program, will mean support for the Alliance for
Progress in 1963 substantially exceeding $1 billion.
14
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3
Space research and technology. — Last year I proposed and the
Congress agreed that this Nation should embark on a greater effort
to explore and make use of the space environment. This greater effort
will result in increased expenditures in 1962 and 1963, combined,
of about $1.1 billion above what they would have been under the
policies of the preceding administration; measured in terms of new
obligational authority, the increase is $2.4 billion for the 2 years.
With this increase in funds there has been a major stepup in the pro-
grams of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in such
fields as communications and meteorology and in the most dramatic
effort of all — mastery of space symbolized by an attempt t-o send a
man to the moon and back safely to earth.
Action is being taken to develop the complex Apollo spacecraft in
which the manned lunar flights will be made, and to develop the large
rockets required to boost the spacecraft to the moon. The techniques
of manned space flight, particularly those of long-term flight and of
rendezvous between two spacecraft in earth orbit, are being studied
both in ground research and in new flight programs.
Our space program has far broader significance, however, than the
achievement of maimed space flight. The research effort connected
with the space program — and particularly the tremendous techno-
Composition oF Budget Expenditures
S Billions
(00-
1
/"
1 ^Budset Expenditures
/^
80-
\ .
y
\
V y^
/^
60-
i
\
^
1 /
f
\
^>^
^ /
40-
v
J
^ationa
Vetera
Securi
ns, and
y, Spac
Interest
e
f
\
/"
20-
M
I
#^
^
1 ,,
Bfl
mm Other
„ r i 1 '
(
1 I 1 f 1
, i V ! , ! ,
1938 1940
1942
1944
1946 1948 1950 1952
1954 1956 1958 I960 '62 '6
3
Fiscal Years
Estimate
I Security"
THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT 15
logical advances necessary to permit space flight — will have great
impact in increasing the rate of technical progress throughout the
economy.
Domestic civil functions. — Despite the necessary heavy empha-
sis we are giving to defense, international, and space activities,
the budget reflects many important proposals to strengthen our
national economy and society. It has been possible to include these
proposals without any substantial increase in the total cost of domestic
civil functions mainly because of proposed reductions in postal and
agricultural expenditures. Some of the more important proposals
in domestic cIahI programs are mentioned below.
Agriculture and agricultural resources. — In the development of
farm programs we are striving to make effective use of American
agricultural abundance, to adjust farm production to bring it in line
with domestic and export requirements, and to maintain and increase
income for those who are engaged in farming. The steps taken
thus far, including the temporary wheat and feed grain legislation
enacted in the last session of the Congress, contributed significantly
to the rise in farm income last year and to some reduction — the first
in 9 years — in surplus stocks. However, new long-range legislation
is needed to permit further adaptation of our farm programs to the
rapidly increasing productive efficiency in agriculture and to avoid
continuing high budgetary costs. The reduction in agricultural
expenditures in tliis budget (from $6.3 billion in 1962 to $5.8 billion
in 1963) reflects the proposals to this end which I shall be presenting
to the Congress in a special message.
The 1963 budget also provides for expansion of the food stamp plan
into additional pilot areas, and for a substantial increase in Rural
Electrification Administration loan funds — to permit financing of
additional generation and transmission facilities where that is neces-
sary. The adequacy of the funds recommended will depend on the
willingness of other power suppliers to meet the requirements of the
rural electric cooperatives on a reasonable basis.
Natural resources. — Estimated expenditures of $2.3 billion in this
budget for the conservation and development of our natural resources
are higher than in any previous year.
The 1963 budget makes provision for the Corps of Engineers, the
Bureau of Reclamation, and the Tennessee Valley Authority to start
construction on 43 neAv water resources projects with an estimated
total Federal cost of $600 million. The long-range programs for the
national parks and forests are also being strengthened.
16
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3
One of our most pressing problems is the adequate provision of
outdoor recreational facilities to meet the needs of our expanding
population. The Federal Government, State and local agencies, and
private groups must all share in the solution. By the end of this
month the comprehensive report of the Outdoor Recreation Resources
Review Commission is expected to be available. The Secretary of
the Interior, at my request, is preparing a plan for the Federal Gov-
ernment to meet its share of the responsibility for providing outdoor
recreational opportunities, including those related to fish and wild-
life.
CoTrmierce and transportation. — Budget expenditures for commerce
and transportation progi'ams are estimated to decline from $2.9 billion
in 1962 to $2.5 billion in 1963. This decline reflects mainly a drop of
$592 million for the postal service, based on my legislative proposal to
increase postal rates to a level that will cover the costs of postal opera-
tions, except for those services properly charged to the general tax-
payer.
Outlays for the Federal-aid highway program are financed almost
entirely through the highway trust fund and are not included in the
budget total. Combined, Federal budget and trust fund expenditures
for commerce and transportation programs in 1963 will amount to
almost $6 billion.
Commerce and Transportation
$ BitlioM
8-
7-
6
5
4
3
2
Total Expenditures
\
<"
/
Trust Fund Expenditures,
Mainly Hishways
-
/
^^^
- - ^
^
>^^
Budse
t Expendr
tore* j
1
1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963
Fiieal Years Estimate
THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT
17
Substantially increased expenditures are provided in tlie 1963
budget for the new program to assist the redevelopment of areas with
persistent unemployment and underemployment and for the expand-
ing development and operation of the Federal airways system.
Housing and conununlty development. — The long strides forward
in housing and community development programs authorized by
the Housing Act of 1961 are making it possible to accelerate progress
in renewing our cities, in financing needed public facilities, in preserv-
ing open space, and in supplying housing accommodations, both pub-
lic and private, within the means of low- and middle-income families
and elderly people. The major new proposal I expect to make in
this field will extend the authority for Federal aids to urban mass
transportation.
Health., labor., and welfare. — Budget expenditures for health, labor,
and welfare programs are estimated at $5.1 billion and trust fund
expenditures at $21.6 billion in 1963. The budget includes increased
fmids for health research and for a major strengthening of the pro-
grams of the Public Health Service, the Office of Vocational Rehabili-
tation, and the Food and Drug Administration. The budget and trust
accounts also reflect the legislative recommendations which are pend-
ing in the Congress to provide a substantial increase in aid for medical
education and to enact health insurance for the aged through social
security.
Health, Labor, and Welfare
S Billions
30 -
25
20
10
Total Expendllures
Social Security and Other
Trust Fund Expenditures
Budjet Expenditures
1953 1954
Focal Years
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I960
1961
1962 1963
Estimate
610000 0—62-
18 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
I have o;iven particular attention in this budget to strengthening
the labor and manpower functions of the Department of Labor and
related agencies. In addition to increased funds for the United States
Employment Service and for other existing Federal programs, the
budget includes funds for the urgently needed legislation providing
for Federal aid for training or retraining unemployed workers, and
for the training of our young people through an experimental youth
employment opportunities program.
Many American families rely for help and for a new start in life
upon the public assistance programs. Yet these programs frequently
lack both the services and the means to discharge their purpose con-
structively. This budget includes substantial increases for public
assistance. I am also proposing a significant modernization and
strengthening of the welfare programs to emphasize those services
which can help restore families to self-sufficiency.
Education. — Expenditures for existing and proposed education
programs are estimated to be $1.5 billion in 1963, an increase
of $327 million over 1962. A strong educational system providing
ready access for all to high quality free public elementary and second-
ary schools is indispensable in our democratic society. Moreover, able
students should not be denied a higher education because they cannot
pay expenses or because their community or State cannot afford to
provide good college facilities. This budget therefore includes funds
for the legislative recommendations pending before the Congress to
provide loans for the construction of college academic facilities and
funds for college scholarships, and assistance to public elementary
and secondary education through grants for the construction of class-
rooms and for teachers' salaries. The budget also includes funds for
a new program of financial aid to improve the quality of education
by such means as teacher training institutes. Continuing our policy of
building the research effort of the Nation, fvmds are recommended for
the National Science Foundation to expand support for basic research
and the construction of research facilities, particularly at colleges and
universities, and to strengthen programs in science education.
Veterans henefits and services. — Our first concern in veterans pro-
grams is that adequate benefits be provided for those disabled in the
service of their country. The last increase in compensation rates for
service-disabled veterans was enacted in 1957. To offset increases in
the cost of living since that time, I again recommend that the Congress
enact legislation to establish higher rates, part icularly for the severely
disabled. The 1963 budget provides $64 million for this proposal.
THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT 19
NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY
Before Federal funds can be spent, the Congress must enact author-
ity for each agency to incur financial obligations. For the current
year, it now appears that $3,8 billion of new obligational authority
over the amount already enacted will be required. Of this amount,
$2 billion represents standby authority for lending in case of need
to the International Monetary Fund — in accordance with the recently
concluded agreement under which other countries will make avail-
able twice this amount of standby authority. This will make a total
of $95.7 billion of new obligational authority for fiscal 1962.
For 1963, my recommendations for new obligational authority total
$99.3 billion. This includes substantial sums needed for forward
funding of programs — such as those of the Department of Defense and
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration- — under which
commitments are made in one year and expenditures often occur in
later years.
BUDGET RECEIPTS
The estimate of budget receipts for fiscal year 1963 rests on pro-
jections of economic recovery and growth which will be discussed in
the Economic Report. In brief, the revenue estimates are based on
the assumption that the gross national product wdll rise from $521
billion in the calendar year 1961 to $570 billion in calendar 1962. At
this level of output, corporate profits in calendar 1962 would be about
$56.5 billion and personal income about $448 billion. These figures
do not reflect the additional stimulus which would be given to invest-
ment and incomes in the economy by the investment tax credit now
pending before the Congress.
Since the spring of calendar year 1961, the average gain in gross
national product has been about 2i/^% per quarter. The economic
assumptions underlying the budget estimates will be realized with
a somewhat more modest rate of gain of approximately 2% per
quarter. This pace of advance would reduce the rate of unemploy-
ment to approximately 4% of the civilian labor force by the end of
fiscal 1963.
There are, of course, uncertainties in any estimates of economic
developmentvS so far ahead. If private demand gains greater strength
than we now foresee and the current expansion accelerates, there would
be a larger Federal surplus, which would be a valuable means of
restraining potential inflationary pressures. If, on the other hand,
the economic recovery unexpectedly halts or is reversed, revenues
w^ould fall below the current estimates and a deficit would inevitably
result, moderating the economic slowdown.
20
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
BUDGET RECEIPTS
[Fiscal years. In billions]
Source
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Individual income taxes
$41.3
21.0
9.1
1.9
1.0
4.1
$45.0
21.3
9.6
2.1
1.2
3.5
$49.3
Corporation income taxes
Excise taxes ._
26.6
10.0
Estate and gift taxes
Customs -. . .. . - _- _ - _
2.3
1.3
Miscellaneous receipts
4.2
Total . -
78.3
.7
82.8
.7
93.7
Deduct interfund transactions
.7
Total budget receipts
77.7
82.1
93.0
Aside from revenue gains based on economic expansion, there will
be larger revenue collections as a result of strengthening the Internal
Revenue Service with additional enforcement personnel. Collections
are estimated to be increased $300 million during 1963 because of this
effort.
Tojx reform jyroposals. — Extensive and careful consideration has
already been given to the proposals enumerated in my special tax
message to the Congress last April. These tax reform proposals, as I
noted last year, represent a first step in improving our tax system.
The House Committee on Ways and Means has made action on a
similar set of recommendations its first order of business this year.
I hope they will be enacted early in this session.
I particularly urge enactment of the tax credit for investment in
depreciable equipment. The 8% credit as formulated by the Commit-
tee on Ways and Means, together with administrative revision of
guidelines for depreciation now underway, will encourage moderniza-
tion of productive equipment in private industry desirable alike to
improve .the Nation's potential for economic growth and the ability
of our producers to compete with those abroad.
Any net reduction in fiscal 1963 revenues resulting from adoption
of the investment credit is expected to be offset by additional revenues
resulting from the enactment of measures to remove defects and
inequities in the tax structure, including :
• Corrective legislation with respect to the tax treatment of gains
on depreciable property, including both real and personal property,
which would prevent abuses that now occur and permit greater
flexibility in the rules for salvage value in determining depreciation.
THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT 21
• A system of tax Avithholding on dividend and interest income,
needed to overcome the serious loss of revenue and the unfairness
resulting from the faihire of some individuals to report these types
of income on their tax returns.
• Repeal of the exclusion from an individual's taxable income of
the tii^st $;")() of dividends and the credit against tax of 4%. of addi-
t ional dividends,
• Statutory provisions to cope with the problem of business deduc-
tions for entertainment and gifts and other expense account
items,
• Legislation to eliminate unwarranted tax preferences now received
by several special types of institutions. Earnings of cooperatives
reflecting business activities should be currently taxed either to the
cooperatives or to the patrons; special provisions now applicable to
mutual tire and casualty insurance companies should be repealed;
and the tax deductible resei^ve provisions applicable to mutual
savings banks and savings and loan associations should be amended
to assure nondiscriminatory taxation among competing financial
institutions.
• RcA^sion of the tax treatment of foreign income to serve the over-
all objective of tax neutrality between domestic and foreign opera-
tions. This requires eliminating tax deferral privileges except in
less-developed countries, and tightening up on other preferences
given to foreign income under existing law. ThevSe involve (a) tax
haven operations, (b) taxation of foreign investment companies,
(c) taxation of American citizens who are resident abroad, (d) es-
tate tax on real property abroad, (e) computation of allowances
for foreign tax credits on dividends, and (f) taxation of foreign
trusts.
Extension of present tax rates. — The budget outlook foi- 1963 re-
quires that the present tax rates on corporation income and certain
excises be extended for another year beyond their scheduled expiration
date of June 30, 1962. Existing law calls for changes which would
lower the general corporation income tax rate from 52% to 47%;
reduce the excise rates on distilled spirits, beers, wines, cigarettes,
passenger automobiles, and automobile parts and accessories; and
allow the tax on general telephone services to expire. I recommend
postponement of these changes for another year to prevent a revenue
loss of $2.8 billion in 1963.
Transportation tax and user charges. — Under existing law, the 10%
tax on transportation of persons is scheduled for reduction to 5%
on July 1, 1962. This tax poses special problems for common carriers
22
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3
which must compete with private automobiles not subject to the tax.
At the same time it is clearly appropriate that passengers and shippers
who benefit from special Government programs should bear a fair
share of the costs of these programs.
Accordingly, I recommend that the present 10% tax as it applies
to passenger transportation other than by air be repealed effective
July 1, 1962. I also recommend enactment of new systems of user
charges for commercial and general aviation and for transportation
on inland waterways.
More specifically, I recommend that the following user charges be
enacted, effective January 1, 1963, with the receipts to be retained in
the general fund: (a) a 5% tax on airline tickets and on airfreight
waybills; (b) a 2-cents-per-gallon tax on all fuels used in commercial
air transportation, including jet fuels; and (c) a 3-cents-per-gallon
tax on all fuels used in general aviation. The January 1, 1963, effec-
tive date will allow time for review by the Civil Aeronautics Board of
fare adjustments that might be required by these user charges. Pend-
ing the proposed tax changes, the present 10% tax on air transporta-
tion and the 2-cents-per-gallon aviation gasoline tax should be con-
tinued until December 31, 1962.
To extend the principle of user charges to inland waterways, a
tax of 2 cents per gallon should be applied to all fuels used in trans-
portation on these waterways, effective January 1, 1963.
PUBLIC DEBT
Changes in the public debt from year to year reflect mainly the
amount of the budget surplus or deficit. With a budget surplus of
$500 million proposed for 1963, the public debt on June 30, 1963, is
expected to be $294.9 billion compared with $295.4 billion at the end
of the current year.
PUBLIC DEBT
(Fiscal years. In billions]
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Public debt at start of year
Change due to budget deficit (-|-) or surplus (— )
Change due to other factors •
Public debt at close of year
$286.3
+3.9
-1.2
$289.0
+7.0
-.6
$295.4
-.5
289.0
295.4
294.9
'For details, see table 8 in part 2 of this document.
THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT
23
,-H "%>-"*. r >.«.*•■" -^'^^Tjy^w^'' 5^!??
PlfCtnt
125 -
Public Debt
as a Percent of Gross National Product
1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960
Fiscal Yean
'62 '63
EtHmote
The limit on the public debt now stands at $298 billion until June
30, 1962, after which the permanent ceiling of $285 billion again
becomes effective. The present temporary limit was established last
June before the Berlin situation required additional defense expendi-
tures which used up the margin of flexibility included in the $298
billion limit.
The current limit would impose serious operating difficulties on the
Treasury during the remainder of fiscal 1962. The critical stage in
functioning under the present limit is upon us and the Treasury is
without any margin to meet unexpected contingencies. Although the
total debt will decline to $295A billion after the receipt of taxes in
June, customary seasonal patterns of expenditures in excess of re-
ceipts can \je expected to raise the total debt above the present $298
billion temporary limit at times during the intervening months.
Despite the expectation of budget balance for fiscal 1963 as a whole,
with the debt expected to return to the $295 billion level on June 30,
1963, seasonal requirements will temporarily raise the outstanding
debt during the course of the year to nearly $305 billion. To make
the usual allowance for a margin of flexibility in fiscal 1963, and to
restore immediately needed flexibility for operations over the re-
mainder of fiscal 1962, I urge prompt enactment of a temporaiy in-
crease of the debt limit to $308 billion, to be available for the re-
mainder of this year and throughout fiscal 1963.
24 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3
BUDGET AND FISCAL POLICY
Beyond the specific elements of budget expenditures and receipts,
it is necessary to consider tlie relationship of the budget as a whole
to the national economy. Three aspects of this relationship have
been given particular attention in the preparation of this budget.
The budget and economic growth and stability. — Our na-
tional economic policy is to achieve rapid economic progress for the
Nation, with the benefits widely distributed among all parts of the
population, to achieve and maintain levels of employment and output
commensurate with our growing labor force and productive capacity,
and at the same time to maintain reasonable price stability.
The Federal budget has a major role to play in achieving these
objectives. Basic investments and services of large importance to
the Nation are provided through the Government. Striking evidence
of this contribution is that the Federal budget today supports about
two-thirds of all the scientific research and development going for-
ward in the Nation. The budget also supports education, transpor-
tation, and other developmental activities contributing to national
growth.
Federal budget policy also has a major role to play in economic
stabilization. This role was evident in fiscal years 1961 and 1962,
when deficits were incurred in turning the business cycle from reces-
sion to recovery, as had been true in 1958-59 and in earlier recessions.
We do not expect another economic recession during the period
covered by this budget. However, experience has taught us that
periodic fluctuations in the economy cannot be completely avoided,
and that Federal fiscal policy should work flexibly and promptly in
such situations. For this, we need standby plans, the merits and
mechanics of which have been explored ahead of time by the Congress
and the administration.
Three proposals particularly merit congressional consideration at
this time :
First, the President should be given standby discretionary authority,
subject to congressional veto, to reduce personal income tax rates on
clear evidence of economic need, for periods and by percentages set
in the legislation.
Second, he should have standby power to initiate, when unemploy-
ment rises sharply, a temporary expansion in Federal and federally
THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT 25
aided public works prooranis includin<2: authority for new Federal
grants and loans for State and local capital iniprovenients. The
le<rislation ])rovidino- for such an anti-recession program should
ensure that projects to be financed will meet high-priority needs,
will be started promptly and completed rapidly, and will result in
a net addition to Federal, State, or local expenditures.
Third, legislation should be enacted to strengthen considerably the
Federal-State unemployment insurance system, including a perma-
nent system of extended unemj^loyment benefits for workers whose
regular benefits expire — in good times or bad for workers witli long
work experience and in recession periods for all workers. These
recommendations Avill he discussed in the Economic Report.
The budget and the balance of payments. — In formulating
this budget, careful consideration has been given to the impact on our
int-ernational balance of payments of Federal expenditures abroad
for defense, foreign assistance, and the conduct of foreign affairs.
During the coming year, IT.S. Government expenditures abroad are
estimated to be $4.4 billion, compared with $4.6 billion in the current
year, mainly for construction and procurement of goods and services
for U.S. military and civilian operations abroad; military and civilian
salaries ; and the fraction of foreign assistance which does not directly
finance U.S. exports. The 1963 estimate reflects many actions which
have been taken to reduce the level of Government expenditures
abroad. We are managing to strengthen our military defenses over-
seas without increasing our foreign exchange outlays, and with re-
spect to economic aid we are stressing even further the procurement
of American goods and services.
This budget also reflects other measures we are taking to improve
the balance of payments, including tax measures to encourage the
modernization of productive equipment and consequent increases in
our competitive ability in world markets, stepped up export promo-
tion activities, greater encouragement to foreign travel in the United
States, and reduced tax inducements to invest in developed areas
abroad rather than at home. To improve further our balance of pay-
ments position, we are continuing negotiations with other industrial-
ized countries with the objective of increasing their purchases of
defense materiel in the United States and their contributions to the
economic advance of the developing countries.
26 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3
Basic improvement in our balance of payments will depend pri-
marily upon our ability to continue a high degree of overall price
stability and to improve the competitive position of U.S. goods in
world markets. The dynamic development and prospective expan-
sion of the European Economic Community are resulting in funda-
mental changes in world commerce. This pattern of growth presents
us with unparalleled export opportunity as well as a continuing
challenge. We must meet these changes boldly, confident in our con-
tinuing ability to compete on the world markets and to participate
in the enormous benefits to all concerned which accrue from the
worldwide division of labor and expansion of trade. These are the
objectives of the legislative recommendations concerning trade ex-
pansion which I shall be sending to the Congress shortly in a special
message.
The budget and Federal capital outlays. — In contrast with
the practice of many businesses, State and local governments, and
foreign governments, the budget of the U.S. Government lumps
together expenditures for capital investment and for current opera-
tions. Nevertheless it is clearly of importance, in analyzing the sig-
nificance of the Federal budget to the Nation, to recognize that the
budget includes substantial expenditures for loans, public works, and
other durable assets and capital items which will yield benefits in
future years.
Furthermore, increasing attention has been given in recent years to
the significance of "developmental" expenditures — outlays for educa-
tion and training, and for research, which have the effect of adding
to the Nation's level of knowledge and of skill, and thereby increase
the capacity to produce a larger national output in future years.
In the 1963 budget, expenditures for Federal civil public works are
estimated to be $2.5 billion, and another $1.5 billion is estimated for
additions to State, local, and private physical assets. About $7 billion
of loan disbursements, to be repaid later, will be made in 1963
(including mortgage purchases) ; repayments in 1963 of loans pre-
viously made are expected to total $5 billion, resulting in net budget
expenditures of $2 billion for civil loans. An estimated $4.8 billion
THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT
27
Expenditures for Physical Assets,
Loans, Research, and Other Developmental Purposes
will be spent for civil developmental purposes such as education,
training, health, and research and development.
Certain trust fimd transactions add to the Nation's assets, as well.
For example, in 1963, $3.2 billion will be spent for grants to States for
highways through the highway trust fund.
28 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMY IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE
The effort to increase the cleoree of efficiency with which the public
business is conducted requii'es constant and unremitting effort on
many fronts. This budget reflects continuing improvement in many
agencies in productivity per employee, brought about through better
training, better supervision, more effective organization, and more
efficient equipment.
The first requirement for efficiency and economy in Government
is highly competent personnel. In this regard we face one very im-
portant problem on which I am placing a new recommendation be-
fore the Congress.
This is the urgent need to achieve a reform of white-collar
salary systems to enable the Government to obtain and keep the high
quality personnel essential for its complex and varied programs. Such
a reform should bring career employee salaries at all except the
very top career levels into reasonable comparability wdth private
enterprise salaries for the same level of work, and provide salary
structures with pay distinctions more adequately reflecting differences
in degree of responsibility. These two fundamental standards have
been widely supported in the past as proper objectives in determining
Government salary structures and I now urge that they be given prac-
tical effect.
The legislation I am proposing provides for some adjustment in
nearly all salary grades, but it is clear that the higher grades have
fallen farthest below the level of reasonable comparability and must
therefore be given the greatest percentage increases to make the Gov-
ernment competitive.
There is also a need for more equitable recognition than is presently
provided for postal employees, most of whom spend their entire
careers in a single pay level. The proposed reform meets this need
directly by increasing the number and size of in-grade steps and by
replacing the present longevity increases with additional step in-
creases. The proposal takes into account the career character of the
large postal carrier and clerk employee group, recruited at grade
PFS^, by linking their pay with employees paid under the Classifi-
cation Act at GS-5.
To ease the budget impact, and to provide ample time for the Con-
gress to study the matter in the light of additional information which
will become available annually, I am suggesting that the new pay
scales take effect in three annual stages, beginning January 1, 1963.
THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT 29
Important steps to improve tlie military pay strnctiire, particularly
for higher ranking: officers, have been taken in recent years, first in
1055 and, more significantly, in 1058, However, the adjustments now
being recommended in civilian compensation require study of the pos-
sible need for further changes in military compensation. Conse-
quently, I am directing that a thorough review be made which will
permit an up-to-date appraisal of the many elements of military
compensation and their relationship to the new proposed levels of
civilian compensation. There is one area, however, which has already
been adequately reviewed. To reflect an acknowledged rise in housing
costs, I am proposing legislation to provide selective increases in the
basic allowance for quarters payable to military personnel. As in the
case of the civilian pay adjustments, these increases should take effect
January 1, 1068. ^
Pay adjustments alone will not assure high standards of employee
competence. There must be scrupulous fairness in recruiting and as-
signing personnel^ — and we have given renewed emphasis to equality
of opportunity in the Federal service. There must be absolute integ-
rity in all dealings with the public and with policy questions — and we
have established clearer and stronger guides on ethical standards and
recommended improvement in the conflict of interest statutes. There
must be careful attention to the views of employees and their organiza-
tions— and we are placing into effect the recommendations of the task
force on employee-management relations in the Federal service.
Efficiency and economy require also steady improvement, in the
organization of the Executive Branch. Notable advances were made
this past year, with the cooperation of the Congress : new and stronger
organizations for foreign aid, for disarmament, for civil defense, and
for maritime activities were establislied ; a number of regulatory
commissions were substantially strengthened; and new centralized
agencies were established in the Department of Defense for intelli-
gence and for supply activities. A number of further recommenda-
tions are pending in the Congress, notably the proposal to establish
a new Department of Urban Affairs and Housing, on which I urge
early action.
Finally, increased efficiency requires systematic study of ways and
means to accomplish the public business more effectively and at less
cost. This work goes forward continually in all fields. I cite by way
of illustration a few current examples:
• The study, now well along toward completion, of the use of con-
tracts with educational institutions, nonprofit corporations, and
30 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
private business concerns for the management of Government re-
search and development activities. This study of "contracting-out"
is being made by the Bureau of the Budget with the cooperation of
the principal agencies concerned, and is expected to provide much
more information on these matters than has been available here-
tofore.
• Studies, recently completed or in progress, of the operations and
management of the Export-Import Bank and the Federal Communi-
cations Commission. These studies are made by management con-
sulting firms, and are similar to those completed in recent yeare for
the Federal Trade Commission, the Civil Aeronautics Board, and
the Interstate Commerce Commission, all of which produced recom-
mendations of considerable value.
• The study, organized at the request of the Department of State
by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, of personnel
requirements — and ways of meeting those requirements — for U.S.
activities overseas in the light of present-day conditions in the world.
Studies of this kind normally do not produce headlines, but they are
typical of the effort continually underway to raise the efficiency and
reduce the cost of conducting the public business.
CONCLUSION
This budget represents a blending of many considerations which
affect our national welfare. Choices among the conflicting claims on
our resources have necessarily been heavily influenced by international
developments that continue to threaten world peace. At the same
time, the budget supports those activities that have great significance
to the Nation's social and economic growth — the mainsprings of our
national strength and leadership. In my judgment, this budget meets
our national needs within a responsible fiscal framework— which is
the test of the budget as an effective instrument of national policy.
I recommend it to the Congress for action, in full confidence that it
provides for the prudent use of our resources to serve the national
interest.
John F. Kennedy.
January 18, 1962.
PART 2
SUMMARY TABLES
31
32
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
THE BUDGET DOLLAR
Where it comes from . . .
Excise Taxes
All Other
Where it goes
Fixed Interest Charses
Veterans
Health and
Welfare
Fiscal Year 1963 Estimate
SUMMARY TABLES
33
Table I. SUMMARY OF BUDGET RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
(in millions of dollars)
Description
BUDGET RECEIPTS
Individual income taxes
Corporation income taxes
Excise taxes
Estate and gift taxes
Customs
Miscellaneous budget receipts-
Total
Deduct interfund transactions.
Total, budget receipts.
BUDGET EXPENDITURES
National defense
International affairs and finance
Space research and technology
Agriculture and agricultural resources
Natural resources
Commerce and transportation
Housing and community development
Health, labor, and welfare
Education
Veterans benefits and services
Interest
General government
Allowances for pay adjustments and contingencies.
Total
Deduct interfund transactions .
Total, budget expenditures
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (— ).
1961
actual
41,338
20.954
9,063
1,896
982
4,080
78,313
654
77,659
47,494
2,500
744
5,173
2,006
2,573
320
4,244
943
5,414
9,050
1,709
82,169
654
81,515
-3,856
1962
estimate
45,000
21,300
9,627
2,090
1,215
3.524
82,756
656
82.100
51.212
2.896
1.300
6.343
2,117
2,915
545
4,708
1,143
5.572
8,998
1.910
75
89.732
656
89,075
-6.975
1963
estimate
49,300
26,600
9,956
2,325
1,320
4,192
93.693
693
93.000
52.690
2.996
2.400
5.836
2.298
2.531
832
5.105
1.470
5.298
9.398
2,027
350
93.230
693
92.537
+463
Note. — This table shows receipts and expenditures of the budget accounts (but not the trust
and deposit funds) and the resulting budget surplus or deficit. A further analysis of receipts appears
on pages 44 to 53 (including table II). A further analysis of expenditures by function appears
on pages 56 to 109 (including table 13).
610000 O— 62-
34
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3
Table 2. SUMMARY OF NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY BY AGENCY
(in millions of dollars)
Description
Legislative Branch
The Judiciary
Executive Office of the President,
Funds appropriated to the Presi-
dent:
Foreign Assistance — economic.
Other
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Department of Defense:
Military
Civil
Department of Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare
Department of the Interior
Department of Justice
Department of Labor
Post Office Department
Department of State
Treasury Department
Atomic Energy Commission
Federal Aviation Agency
General Services Administration.
Housing and Home Finance
Agency
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
Veterans Administration
Other independent agencies
District of Columbia
Allowances for —
Pay adjustments (except for
Post Office Department) • . -
Contingencies
Total new
authority.
obligational
1961
enacted
128
53
72
2,646
81
5,559
869
43,106
978
3,942
826
297
1,075
895
300
9,977
2,781
690
513
4,500
964
5,575
769
81
86,675
1962 estimate
Enacted
129
58
28
2,315
230
7,374
794
49.525
1.012
4,605
919
295
644
867
281
9,995
2,547
730
594
855
1,672
5.390
1,050
62
91,970
Supple-
mental
needed
2,000
537
353
2
128
100
15
156
178
36
100
3,778
Total
129
59
28
2,315
2,230
7,911
794
49,878
1,014
4,764
929
297
644
867
409
9,996
2,647
730
609
856
1,828
5,567
1,086
62
100
95,748
1963 estimate
Trans-
mitted
herein
3.397
190
6.965
634
51.420
1.066
5.101
1,074
309
273
800
338
10,438
2.987
791
587
834
3.787
5,449
1,228
63
97,953
Later
trans-
mittal
-539
54
220
1,177
175
-535
12
20
150
162
300
1.350
*Less than one-half million dollars.
Note. — New obligational authority, here summarized, consists primarily of appropriations, but
also includes certain other types of authority enacted by the Congress. The types of authority
and the columnar headings for 1962 and 1963 are explained on pages 1 14 to 116. A more detailed
analysis of new obligational authority is found on pages 118 to 266.
' Allowance for pay adjustment for Post Office Department is included in line for that Department
above.
SUMMARY TABLES
35
Table 3. SUMMARY OF BUDGET EXPENDITURES BY AGENCY
(in millions of dollars)
Description
1961
actual
1962 estimate
Enacted
Supple-
mental
needed
Total
1963 estimate
Trans-
mitted
herein
Later
trans-
mittal
Legislative Branch
The Judiciary
Executive Office of the President .
Funds appropriated to the Presi-
dent:
Foreign assistance — economic.
Other
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Department of Defense:
Military
Civil
Department of Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare
Department of the Interior
Department of Justice
Department of Labor
Post Office Department
Department of State
Treasury Department
Atomic Energy Commission
Federal Aviation Agency
General Services Administration.
Housing and Home Finance
Agency
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
Veterans Administration
Other independent agencies
District of Columbia
Allowances for —
Pay adjustments (except for
Post Office Department) • . .
Contingencies
133
52
69
1,805
77
5,929
498
44,676
972
3,685
801
284
831
914
258
9,953
2,713
638
387
502
744
5,401
794
50
161
58
32
1.935
236
7.143
624
47.928
1.013
4,328
866
297
563
853
325
9,973
2,750
708
487
34
25
322
2
141
7
1
127
80
940
1.292
5.383
778
90
14
177
-44
161
59
32
1,935
236
7,177
650
48,250
1,015
4,469
873
298
563
853
453
9,973
2,830
708
501
940
1,300
5,560
734
90
Subtotal
Deduct interfund transactions.. _
Total budget expenditures.
82,169
654
88.761
75
971
75
89,732
656
148
63
22
2.235
186
7.248
808
49.499
1,071
4,895
1,027
304
266
798
330
10.411
2.860
781
576
1.368
2.252
5,220
530
85
-540
7
201
288
3
*
120
-537
12
19
20
150
200
92.985
245
81,515
89,075
' Less than one-half million dollars.
Note. — For explanation of the columnar headings for 1962 and 1963, seepage 116. For more
detailed information on expenditures by agency and account, see pages 118 to 266.
' Allowance for pay adjustment for Post Office Department is included in line for that Depart-
ment.
36
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table 4. SUMMARY OF TRUST FUNDS (in millions of dollars)
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
TRUST FUND RECEIPTS
Federal old-age and survivors insurance trust fund
Federal disability insurance trust fund
Unemployment trust fund
Railroad retirement account
Federal employees retirement funds
Highway trust fund
Veterans life insurance funds
Other trust funds
Subtotal
Deduct interfund transactions
Total, trust fund receipts
TRUST FUND EXPENDITURES
Federal old-age and survivors insurance trust fund
Federal disability insurance trust fund
Unemployment trust fund
Railroad retirement account
Federal employees funds
Highway trust fund
Veterans life insurance funds
Federal National Mortgage Association trust fund, net
Deposit funds and all other trust funds
Subtotal
Deduct interfund transactions
Total, trust fund expenditures
Net accumulation
11.910
1.093
3.805
1.051
2.033
2.925
725
779
24,322
515
23.807
11.839
756
4.736
1.124
879
2.745
801
-89
962
23.754
515
23.239
568
12.252
1.116
3.584
1.110
2.063
3.136
744
1.013
14.231
1,175
4,154
1,188
2.128
3.383
743
1.002
25.018
473
28.005
498
24.545
13.328
1.076
3.844
1.126
1.022
3.161
749
856
887
27.506
14.282
1.160
3.897
1.144
1.109
3.385
674
470
1.028
26.047
473
27.148
498
25.574
26.650
-1.029
857
Note. — This table summarizes the trust and deposit fund receipts and expenditures which are in
addition to the budget transactions shown on table I. The transactions presented here relate to
funds which the Government holds in a fiduciary capacity. More detailed information on the
trust and deposit funds, including data on investments and borrowing, is included in special analysis
A (pages 270 to 278).
SUMMARY TABLES
37
Table 5. RECEIPTS FROM AND PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC
(in millions of dollars)
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
FEDERAL RECEIPTS FROM THE PUBLIC
Individual income taxes
Corporation income taxes
Elxcise taxes
Employment taxes
Elstate and gift taxes
Customs
Deposits by States, unemployment insurance
Veterans life insurance premiums
Other budget and trust receipts
Total, Federal receipts from the public.
FEDERAL PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC
National defense
International affairs and finance
Space research and technology
Agriculture and agricultural resources
Natural resources
Commerce and transportation
Housing and community development
Health, labor, and welfare
Education
Veterans benefits and services
Interest
General government
Allowances for pay adjustments and contingencies
Payments and adjustments, net
Total, Federal payments to the public
Excess of Federal receipts (-f) or payments (— ).
41,338
20,954
11,986
12.502
1,896
982
2,398
504
4.682
97,242
47.685
2,153
744
5,183
2.103
5.107
-103
22.364
945
6.187
7.257
1.723
-1.820
99.528
-2.286
45.000
21.300
12.759
13,022
2,090
1,215
2,400
520
4,317
102.623
51.534
3.181
1.300
6.383
2.210
5.860
1.809
24,161
1,144
6,281
6,914
1,927
75
-1,632
111.147
-8.524
49,300
26,600
13,335
15,409
2,325
1.320
2.600
518
5.206
116.614
53.030
2.935
2.400
5.812
2,396
5,677
1,559
25,940
1.472
5,918
7,121
2,042
350
-1,849
114.804
+1.810
Note. — This table combines the budget transactions shown in table I and the trust fund transac-
tions shown in table 4, excluding payments between the two groups of funds, so that these figures
show only the flow of money between the Government and the public. Further information is in-
cluded in special analysis B, pages 279 to 282.
38
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3
Table 6. FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN THE NATIONAL- INCOME ACCOUNTS
(in billions of dollars)
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
RECEIPTS, NATIONAL-INCOME BASIS
Personal tax and nontax receipts
Corporate profits tax accruals
Indirect business tax and nontax accruals
Contributions for social insurance _.
Total, receipts, national-income basis
EXPENDITURES, NATIONAL-INCOME BASIS
Purchases of goods and services
Transfer payments "
Grants-in-aid to State and local governments
Net interest paid
Subsidies less current surplus of Government enterprises.
Total, expenditures, national-income basis
Surplus (-f) or deficit (— ), national-income basis
42.9
20.1
13.6
18.1
94.8
54.6
25.7
6.4
6.9
3.3
97.0
-2.2
46.7
24.6
14.5
19.8
105.6
60.2
27.8
7.0
6.6
4.5
106.1
-0.5
51.7
27.5
15.3
21.8
116.3
64.2
29.4
7.7
6.9
3.7
111.9
+4.4
Note. — This table shows Federal receipts and expenditures on the basis used in the national
income and gross national product statistics of the Department of Commerce. Both budget
funds and trust funds of the Government are included. However, many figures have been adjusted
from a cash to an accrual basis, and transactions have been excluded which consist of exchange^
or transfers of claims and of previously existing assets (such as loans, the purchase of land, etc.).
For a fuller explanation, see Special Analysis C (pages 283 to 289).
SUMMARY TABLES
39
Table 7. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET
EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Additions to Federal assets:
Civil:
Loans and investments _ _
1,692
1,874
-390
51
310
2,568
2.183
-620
51
487
1.957
Public works — sites and direct construction . .
2,452
Major commodity inventories — net change _
-376
Major equipment . .. .
89
Acquisition and improvement of other physical assets
386
Total, civil . - - - .
3,537
4.669
4,508
National defense:
Loans - . .
-52
1.896
49
13.080
1,364
-3
1.503
90
14.847
1.257
-10
Public works — sites and direct construction _
1,450
Major commodity inventories — net change _
104
Major equipment . _ .
15,377
Acquisition and improvement of other physical assets
1,237
Total, national defense _ _
16,337
17.694
18.158
Total, additions to Federal assets
19,875
22.362
22,665
Additions to other assets:
Civil:
State and local physical assets. --.__...
307
940
11
371
991
21
480
Private physical assets
980
National defense: State and local physical assets .
135
Total, additions to other assets
1,258
1.383
1,595
Expenditures for other developmental purposes:
Civil:
Education, training, and health . .
908
1,409
64
1.073
2.146
80
1,413
Research and development
3,311
Engineering and natural resource surveys..
95
Total, civil . . ...
2,380
3.299
4.819
National defense:
Education, training, and health
Research and development
14
7.342
15
7.464
16
8,146
Total, national defense. . . ..
7.356
7,479
8,162
Total, other developmental expenditures
9.736
10.778
12.982
Current aids, special services, and operating expenses:
Civil
27.509
23.791
29.116
26,018
29.402
National defense.. .. . ..
26,236
Total, current aids, special services, and operating
expenses
Allowances for pay adjustments and contingencies .
51.300
55,134
75
55,638
350
Subtotal . __
82,169
654
89,732
656
93.230
Deduct interfund transactions
693
Total budget expenditures. . ..
81,515
89.075
92.537
Note. — This table excludes trust fund expenditures, which cover such additions to assets as
federally aided highways. For more information on this classification see special analysis D
(pages 290 to 303).
40
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table 8. THE PUBLIC DEBT (in millions of dollars)
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
SUMMARY OF GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
Budget surplus or deficit (— ) (table 1)
-3.856
212
-815
285
-6.975
-53
86
-113
463
Trust fund operations, net (special analysis A. table A-6)
Public enterprise debt and investment transactions, net (special
analysis K, table K-5) . _
-138
-109
Increase or decrease (— ) in outstanding checks less deposits in
transit... __ .... .. ..
234
Total operations surplus or deficit (— )
-4.173
-7.055
450
CHANGE IN CASH BALANCES
Cash balances, end of year..
Cash balances, start of year.
Increase or decrease (— ) in cash balances.
7,456
8.989
-1,533
6.800
7.456
-656
EFFECTS ON PUBLIC DEBT
Public debt at start of year
Subtract operations surplus (or add deficit)
Add increase (or subtract decrease) in cash balances.
Public debt at end of year.
286,331
4.173
-1,533
288.971
7.055
-656
288.971
295.370
COMPARISON OF PUBLIC DEBT WITH STATUTORY
LIMITATION
Public debt at end of year
Portion of public enterprise debt subject to the public debt limita-
tion
Portion of public debt not subject to limitation (—)...
Debt subject to statutory limitation, end of year.
Statutory limitation on debt, end of year '
288.971
240
-349
295.370
465
-340
288.862
295.495
293.000
308.000
' Maximum statutory debt limitation during the year 1961, $293,000 million; during 1962 under
existing law, $298,000 million; under legislation proposed in the budget message the temporary
limit would be $308,000 million through the remainder of 1962 and in 1963.
SUMMARY TABLES
41
Table 9. SUMMARY OF CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT IN THE EXECUTIVE
BRANCH
Description
Executive Office of the President
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Department of Defense:
Military '
Civil 2
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Department of the Interior
Department of Justice
Department of Labor
Post Office Department
Department of State
Agency for International Development.
Peace Corps
Treasury Department
Atomic Energy Commission
Federal Aviation Agency
General Services Administration
Housing and Home Finance Agency
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Veterans Administration
Other agencies
Total
As o( June 30
1961
actual
2,767
102,557
30,337
,012,375
30,032
70,335
59,458
31,262
7,491
582,447
23,814
14.906
227
79.970
6.846
42,838
29,944
11,507
17,471
174.110
76.335
2.407,029
1962
estimate
1,661
110,934
30.793
.037.018
31.445
78,028
64,762
31,997
8,642
593,265
24,038
16,219
547
82,995
6,923
45,118
32,844
13,607
22,000
177,860
81.649
2.492,345
1963
estimate
1.564
116.388
32.773
.029.069
31.562
82.669
70.157
32.671
8.956
608.729
24.221
16.059
1.093
89.876
7.035
48,959
34,521
14,981
26,300
178,975
81.832
2.538.390
Note. — Although most of the employees shown here are paid from budget funds, some are paid from
trust funds: and in the case of some agencies, the table includes employees who are paid from other
funds outside the scope of the budget document. In accordance with definitions of the Civil
Service Commission, the figures cover both those employees who are working on June 30, and also
part-time and intermittent employees who work at any time during the month of June.
' Consists of civilian employment for military functions and military assistance.
2 Employment for Panama Canal Zone Government, Panama Canal Company, and United
States Soldiers' Home is included in "Other agencies" below.
42
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 63
Table 10, BUDGET TOTALS AND PUBLIC DEBT, 178»-1963 (in millions of dollars)
Fiscal year
1 789-1 849 _
1850-1899.
1900
1901.....
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
Budget
Surplus
Budget
expend-
< + ) or
receipts
itures
deficit
(-)
1.160
1.090
+70
13.895
14.932
-1.037
567
521
+46
588
525
+63
562
485
+77
562
517
+45
541
584
-43
544
567
-23
595
570
+25
666
579
+87
602
659
-57
604
694
-89
676
694
-18
702
691
+11
693
690
+3
714
715
*
725
725
*
683
746
-63
762
713
+48
1.100
1.954
-853
3,630
12.662
-9,032
5.085
18.448
-13,363
6.649
6.357
+291
5.567
5.058
+509
4.021
3.285
+736
3.849
3.137
+713
3.853
2.890
+963
3,598
2.881
+717
3.753
2.888
+865
3.992
2.837
+1.155
3.872
2,933
+939
3.861
3.127
+734
4.058
3.320
+738
Public
debt at
end of
year
63
1.437
.263
.222
.178
.159
.136
.132
.143
.147
.178
.148
.147
.154
.194
.193
,188
M91
1.225
2.976
12.455
25.485
24.299
23.977
22.963
22.350
21.251
20.516
19.643
18.512
17.604
16,931
16,185
Fiscal year
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954......
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962 est...
1963 est...
Budget
Surplus
Budget
expend-
( + ) or
receipts
itures
deficit
(-)
3,116
3,577
-462
1.924
4,659
-2,735
1.997
4,598
-2,602
3.015
6,645
-3,630
3.706
6,497
-2,791
3.997
8,422
-4,425
4.956
7,733
-2,777
5.588
6,765
-1.177
4.979
8,841
-3.862
5.137
9,055
-3.918
7.096
13,255
-6.159
12.547
34,037
-21.490
21,947
79,368
^57.420
43,563
94,986
-51.423
44.362
98,303
-53.941
39,650
60,326
-20.676
39,677
38.923
+754
41,375
32.955
+8.419
37,663
39.474
-1.811
36,422
39.544
-3.122
47.480
43.970
+3.510
61.287
65.303
-4,017
64.671
74.120
-9,449
64,420
67.537
-3,117
60,209
64,389
-4,180
67,850
66.224
+1,626
70,562
68.966
+1,596
68.550
71.369
-2,819
67.915
80.342
-12.427
77,763
76.539
+1.224
77,659
81.515
-3.856
82,100
89.075
-6.975
93,000
92,537
+463
Public
debt at
end of
year
16.801
19.487
22.539
27.053
28,701
33,779
36.425
37,165
40,440
42,968
48,961
72.422
136,696
201,003
258,682
269.422
258.286
252.292
252,770
257,357
255.222
259,105
266,071
271.260
274.374
272.751
270.527
276,343
284,706
286,331
288.971
295.370
294.920
'Less than one-half million dollars.
Note. — Greater detail on budget receipts and budget expenditures for the period 1953 to 1960,
inclusive, is found in table 12 (page 53) and table 14 (page 110). respectively. The change in the
public debt from year to year is not necessarily the same as the budget surplus or deficit for the
reasons summarized and demonstrated for the period 1961 to 1963 in table 8 (page 40). It reflects
also changes in the Government's cash on hand, and the use of corporate debt and investment trans-
actions by certain Government enterprises.
Certain interfund transactions are excluded from budget receipts and budget expenditures
starting in 1932. For years prior to 1932 the amounts of such transactions are not significant.
Refunds of receipts are excluded from budget receipts and budget expenditures starting in 1913:
comparable data are not available for prior years.
PART 3
BUDGET RECEIPTS
43
ANALYSIS OF RECEIPTS BY SOURCE
This section of the budget provides supporting detail for the tax
proposals and the estimates of budget receipts which are described
in the Budget Message.
These estimates of receipts are based on the expectation that the
broad economic recovery which began in the first quarter of the
calendar year 1961 will continue, and assumes the enactment of pro-
posed legislation regarding taxes.
BUDGET RECEIPTS
(Fiscal years. In millions|
Source
1961
actual
1962
estimate
|963
estimate
Individual income taxes ..
$41,338
20.954
9.063
1.896
982
4.080
$45,000
21.300
9.627
2.090
1.215
3.524
$49,300
Corporation income taxes.. .-
26.600
Excise taxes .. .. . . . .
9.956
Estate and gift taxes. .. . . . . .
2.325
Customs - . - -
1.320
Miscellaneous receipts . . ..
4.192
Total
78.313
654
82.756
656
93.693
Deduct interfund transactions.
693
Total budget receipts
77.659
82.100
93.000
ECONOMIC BASE OF ESTIMATES
Both the receipt and expenditure estimates in this budget are based
on the expectation that the gross national product in the calendar
year 1962 will amount to $570 billion, an increase of almost $50 billion
over the calendar year 1961. This estimated increase in the total
value of goods and services produced will be accompanied by com-
mensurate increases in private incomes. Personal income is expected
to rise from $417 billion in calendar 1961 to $448 billion in calendar
1962. Corporate profits have increased each quarter since the reces-
sion low of the first quarter of the calendar year 1961. Despite this
rising trend during the calendar year, profits for the year as a whole
are estimated to be only slightly above the total for calendar 1960,
during which profits were declining. For calendar 1962 as a
44
BUDGET RECEIPTS 45
whole, a substantial rise of $10.5 billion to $56.5 billion of corporate
profits is estimated.
The various tax bases are estimated consistent with these assumed
measures of overall economic activity. However, since taxes are
assessed against certain transactions, transfers, and flows of income
as defined by statute rather than as defined in the national income
accounts, the relationship of receipts to measures of economic aggre-
gates cannot be precise. Moreover, some adjustments are required for
differences in timing. During a period of economic recovery, tax col-
lections do not expand as quickly as many indices of economic activ-
ity. Changes in corporation income tax collections, in particular, lag
behind changes in corporate profits.
ESTIMATED CHANGES IN REVENUES
The estimated increase in total budget receipts between fiscal 1962
and 1963 is $10.9 billion, compared with an increase of $4.4 billion
between the fiscal years 1961 and 1962. Although individual income
tax receipts are expected to contribute more than four-fifths of the
revenue gains in 1962, coi-porate income taxes will contribute the
largest single part of the 1963 increase. AVith the exception of mis-
cellaneous receipts, for which a decline is estimated in 1962 from the
unusually large collections in 1961, all other sources of receipts show
advances in both years.
However, the rise in total receipts is estimated to take place with no
major change in the proportions derived from particular sources. The
individual income tax remains the most important source of revenue,
contributing over one-half the receipts in each year, followed by
corporation income taxes which contribute about one-quarter of
budget receipts.
The budget receipts totals include an estimated $100 million in fiscal
1962 and $300 million in 1963 expected to result from the expanded
enforcement activities of the Internal Revenue Service.
Sources of receipts. — Individual income tax receipts in fiscal 1963
are estimated to be $4.3 billion higher than in 1962, reflecting the
projected rise of over $30 billion in personal income expected between
calendar years 1961 and 1962. The 1962 receipts estimate is $3.7
billion above the actual collections in 1961, because, in spite of the
recent recession, personal incomes were higher.
Receipts from corporation income taxes are expected to increase by
$5.3 billion in fiscal year 1963, reflecting the estimated large rise in
corporate profits between calendar years 1961 and 1962. Corporation
income tax receipts in fiscal 1962 are expected to be only $346 million
above the previous year.
46 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Excise tax receipts are estimated to increase by $564 million in
1962 and to rise fnrther by $329 million in 1963. Most of the excise
taxes are expected to show increases in both 1962 and 1963, as a result
of the general rise in business activity and incomes. The largest in-
creases in both years are expected from the taxes on passenger auto-
mobiles, liquor and tobacco, and communications.
Receipts from estate and gift taxes are expected to rise to $2.1 bil-
lion in the current year and to advance further to $2.3 billion in 1963.
Because of the predominance of estate taxes in this total and the length
of time permitted for filing estate tax returns, the revenue from this
source' lags more than a year behind current changes in security prices
and values of other assets which constitute the bulk of the tax base.
Customs receipts are estimated to increase to $1.3 billion in 1963,
compared to the estimated $1.2 billion in 1962, as the increased level
of business activity generates an expansion in taxable imports.
Miscellaneous receipts are estimated to decrease by $556 million in
the current year, but are expected to advance by more than this amount
in 1963. Fiscal 1961 receipts were unusually large by reason of a
large loan prepayment by the Federal Republic of Germany. The
repayment to the general fund of advances to certain States for
temporary unemployment compensation during the 1961 recession ac-
counts for the major part of the 1963 increase.
Efforts are being continued to set fees and charges for special Gov-
ernment services and benefits at appropriate rates in light of costs to
the Government and value to those benefiting.
PROPOSED LEGISLATION
Tax reform proposals. — The tax reform program set forth in this
budget is expected tO' have no net effect on total revenues. The in-
vestment credit of 8% of expenditures for equipment recommended
to encourage modernization of industrial equipment will result in a net- -
revenue loss, while revenue gains are expected from the following:
proposals to eliminate inequities in the present tax structure :
(a) Withholding on dividend and interest income to recoup thn
revenue lost because of failure to report such income in full on tax
returns.
(b) Repeal of the present $50 dividend exclusion and 4% tax
credit for dividends above $50.
BUDGET RECEIPTS 47
(c) Limitation of the capital gain treatment of gains on depreciable
real and personal property.
(d) Restriction of business ex]:)ense deductions for entertainment,
gifts, and other expense account items.
(e) Taxation of business earnings of cooperatives either at the
individual or organization level.
(f ) Eepeal of special provisions applicable only to mutual organi-
zations in the fire and casualty insurance field.
(g) Revision of the tax deductible reserve provisions applicable to
mutual savings banks and savings and loan associations to assure
nondiscriminatory taxation among competing financial institutions.
(h) Changes in the tax treatment of foreign income by limiting tax
deferral privileges generally to the newly developing countries and by
tightening up on various preferences permitted under present law
with respect to (1) tax haven operations, (2) taxation of foreign
investment companies, (8) taxation of American citizens who are
residents abroad, (4) estate tax on real property abroad, (5) com-
putation of allowances for foreign tax credits on dividends, and (6)
taxation of foreign trusts.
Extension of present tax rates. — Under present law, the corporation
income tax rate wnll drop from 52% to 47% and excise tax rates on
distilled spirits, beer, wines, cigarettes, passenger automobiles, and
automobile parts and accessories will decline on July 1, 1962, while the
tax on general telephone service will expire on July 1, 1962. The
revenue estimates assume that legislation extending present rates for
these taxes for 1 year beyond June 30, 1962, will be enacted as
recommended.
Trans'portation tax and iiser charges. — Under existing legislation
amounts paid for transportation of persons are taxed at 10%. The
rate will decline to 5% on July 1, 1962. The estimates for 1963
assume that legislation will be enacted, as recommended, to repeal
the tax on transportation of persons other than by air effective July
1, 1962, and establish a system of user charges for aviation and inland
waterways.
With respect to aviation, legislation is proposed to continue the
present 10% tax on transportation of persons until December 31, 1962.
48
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
After that date a tax of 5% on amounts paid for transportation of per-
sons and freight by air would be effective. In addition, the present
tax of 2 cents per gallon on aviation gasoline would be extended to
jet fuels and the tax rate on fuels used in general aviation would be
raised to 3 cents per gallon. The proceeds from these taxes would be
retained in the general fund instead of being transferred to the high-
way trust fund, as is now the case for the aviation gasoline tax.
A user charge is also recommended, to be effective January 1, 1963,
of 2 cents per gallon on fuels used on inland waterways, which would
offset part of the cost of the operation and maintenance of waterways.
ESTIMATED EFFECT OF PROPOSED LEGISLATION ON BUDGET RECEIPTS
(In millions]
Fiscal
year
1963
Full
annual
effect
Corporation income taxes: Tax rate extension . . „
$1,300
$2,800
persons) :
Excise taxes:
Tax rate extensions (excluding transportation of
Alcohol taxes _..-......-
415
259
410
60
395
267
Tobacco taxes. _ ._ . . . . _
240
Passenger automobiles .. .. .. . .
430
Parts and accessories for automobiles . .
73
General telephone service _ . .
525
Subtotal, excise tax rate extensions .
1,539
1.535
effective July 1
nonths to Decern
er present law.
1962..
ber31.
Transportation proposals:
Repeal tax on transportation other than by air
Extend tax on air transportation at 10% for 6 n
1962, after which it would drop to 5 % as unc
Tax transportation of freieht by air
-34
46
3
9
13
1
3
-39
7
Credit existing 2^ per gallon aviation gas tax receipts to
Extend 2^ rate to jet fuel _ . . .
genera
fund..
19
36
Increase rate to 3^ on fuels used in general avia
Tax fuel used on inland waterways
tion
3
10
Subtotal, transportation proposals .
41
36
Total, excise taxes
1,580
1,571
Miscellaneous receipts:
Sugar import fees . .
180
-105
180
Other
-105
Tota I , proposed legislation . ..
2,955
4,446
BUDGET RECEIPTS
49
Table 11. SOURCES OF BUDGET RECEIPTS (in millions of dollars)
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Individual income taxes:
Withheld
32,978
13.175
36.325
13.645
40,225
Other
14.245
Gross individual income taxes
Less refunds,.. . . ..
46,153
4,815
49.970
4.970
54.470
5.170
Net individual income taxes
41,338
45.000
49.300
Corporation income taxes. - _. _
21,765
810
22.200
900
27.400
Less refunds . _ .
800
Net corporation income taxes
20.954
21.300
26.600
Excise taxes:
Alcohol taxes:
Distilled spirits (domestic and imported)
2.277
795
22
96
22
2.360
800
23
98
22
2.470
Beer
800
Rectification tax . _ _ ._
23
Wines (domestic and imported)
100
Special taxes in connection with liquor occupations. _.
22
Total alcohol taxes .
3.213
3.303
3.415
Tobacco taxes:
Cigarettes (small) . . ._ . _
1.924
17
49
1
*
1.980
17
52
1
*
2.050
Manufactured tobacco (chewing, smoking, and snuff).
Cigars (large)
17
52
Cigarette papers and tubes... . ....
1
All other ...
*
Total tobacco taxes
1.991
2.050
•2.120
Taxes on documents, other instruments, and playing
cards:
Issues of securities, stock and bond transfers, and
deeds of conveyance
Playing cards
Silver bullion sales or transfers
141
8
*
147
8
*
152
8
*
Total taxes on documents, other instruments, and
playing cards
149
155
160
Manufacturers' excise taxes:
Gasoline
Jet fuel
2.370
2.422
2.485
13
Lubricating oils.. ..
74
1.229
237
189
280
64
33
190
56
98
76
1,345
260
189
368
69
37
205
60
100
80
Passenger automobiles
Automobile trucks, buses, and trailers
Parts and accessories for automobiles. .
1,500
270
200
Tires, inner tubes, and tread rubber
Electric, gas, and oil appliances
Electric light bulbs. . _ ____ ..
391
73
40
Radio and television receiving sets, phonographs,
phonograph records, and musical instruments
Mechanical refrigerators, quick-freeze units, and
self-contained air-conditioning units
Business and store machines
225
65
115
See footnote at end of table.
610000 O— 62-
50
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table
SOURCES OF BUDGET RECEIPTS (in millions of dollars )— Continued
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Excise taxes — Continued
Manufacturers' excise taxes — Continued
Photographic equipment -.. --_.
25
5
21
15
2
9
28
5
23
16
2
10
30
Matches.- .__ -._ -._
5
Sporting goods, including fishing rods, creels, etc
Firearms, shells and cartridges
Pistols and revolvers . . _ ._
26
18
2
Fountain and ballpoint pens, mechanical pencils
11
Total manufacturers' excise taxes
4,897
5.215
5.549
Retailers' excise taxes:
Jewelry
168
29
132
68
173
30
144
68
179
Furs - --
30
Toilet preparations .--- .
157
Luggage, handbags, wallets, etc ._ ..
72
Total retailers' excise taxes . - . .
398
415
438
Miscellaneous excise taxes:
Toll telephone service, telegraph and teletypewriter
service, wire mileage service, etc
344
483
264
375
495
280
410
General telephone service -- . _.
525
Transportation of persons - -..-
159
Transportation of persons by air - - -
34
Transportation of freight by air
3
Fuel used on inland waterways . -
3
Diesel fuel used on highways
89
46
37
34
7
64
7
*
92
24
4
3
107
105
40
34
7
68
7
*
94
24
5
2
125
Use tax on certain vehicles
120
Admissions, exclusive of cabarets, roof gardens, etc...
Cabarets, roof gardens, etc ..
43
35
Wagering taxes, including occupational taxes
Club dues and initiation fees . ..
7
71
Leases of safe deposit boxes
7
Coconut and other vegetable oils, processed
Sugar tax
96
Coin-operated amusement and gaming devices
Bowling alleys and billiard and pool tables
All other miscellaneous txcise taxes
25
5
1
Total miscellaneous excise taxes
1,498
1.643
1.669
Undistributed depository receipts and unapplied collec-
tions
-81
61
67
Gross excise taxes
Less refunds . - . .
12,064
78
2.923
12.842
83
3,132
13.418
83
Less transfer to Highway trust fund
3.379
Net excise taxes .
9.063
9.627
9.956
Employment taxes:
Federal Insurance Contributions Act and Self-Employ-
ment Contributions Act
Railroad Retirement Tax Act
Federal Unemployment Tax Act
11,586
571
345
11,949
597
476
13.809
624
976
Gross employment taxes .....
12,502
1
13.022
*
15.409
Less refunds. .
*
See footnote at end of table.
BUDGET RECEIPTS
51
Table 11. SOURCES OF BUDGET RECEIPTS (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Employment taxes— Continued
Less transfers to:
Federal old-age and survivors insurance trust fund
Federal disability insurance trust fund _
10,623
963
571
345
10.972
977
597
476
12.780
1,029
Railroad retirement account .
624
Unemployment trust fund
976
Net employment taxes
_*
Estate and gift taxes. .
1.916
20
2.110
20
2,345
Less refunds
20
Net estate and gift taxes .-
1,896
2.090
2.325
Customs
1.008
25
1.241
26
1 346
Less refunds .
26
Net customs ._. ....
982
1.215
1,320
Miscellaneous receipts:
Under existing legislation:
Miscellaneous taxes ...
5
55
6
5
67
8
5
Seigniorage
40
Bullion charges . . .
1
Fees for permits and licenses:
Admission permits and fees .
5
5
20
9
6
37
5
6
20
9
6
17
7
Business concessions
6
Immigration, passport, and consular fees
21
Patent and copyright fees
9
6
Miscellaneous fees for permits and licenses
204
Total fees for permits and licenses
81
62
255
Fines, penalties, and forfeitures:
Fines, penalties, and forfeitures, customs, com-
merce, and antitrust laws
Other fines, penalties, and forfeitures .
5
8
5
8
5
7
Total fines, penalties, and forfeitures
Gifts and contributions
14
*
13
*
12
*
Interest:
Interest on loans to Government-owned enterprises-
Interest on domestic loans to individuals and
private organizations.. .. _ . .. _.
640
99
169
34
642
88
202
14
678
86
Interest on foreign loans and deferred payments
Miscellaneous interest collections
200
14
Total interest _ . . . ..
942
947
978
Dividends and other earnings:
Deposits of earnings, Federal Reserve System
Payment equivalent to income taxes
Miscellaneous dividends and earnings
788
9
7
725
16
9
775
20
9
Total dividends and other earnings.
805
751
804
See footnote at end of table.
52
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table 11. SOURCES OF BUDGET RECEIPTS (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Miscellaneous receipts — Continued
Under existing legislation — Continued
Rents:
Rent of land - - --
12
2
29
51
14
133
29
52
15
Rent on Outer Continental Shelf lands
Rent of real property, not otherwise classified
Rent of equipment and other personal property
210
29
52
Total rents - -
94
227
307
Royalties:
Royalties on Outer Continental Shelf lands
Miscellaneous royalties on natural resources
Royalties on patents and copyrights .-
6
109
*
7
113
*
10
114
t
114
120
124
Sale of products:
Sale of timber and other natural land products
139
11
171
5
5
160
12
178
5
6
166
12
Sale of power and other utilities
201
Sale of publications and reproductions _ - _
5
Sale of miscellaneous products and byproducts
6
Total sale of products - _ _ _ _
330
360
390
Fees and other charges for services and special bene-
fits:
Fees and other charges for administrative, pro-
15
9
4
5
13
54
16
9
4
5
13
58
16
Fees and other charges for communication and
9
Charges for subsistence, laundry, and health services.
Fees and other charges for services provided to the
District of Columbia --
5
5
Fees for general governmental services - -
14
59
Total fees and other charges for services and
special benefits
99
104
107
Sale of Government property:
Sale of real property - - -
12
251
79
8
245
91
8
Sale of equipment and other personal property
Sale of scrap and salvage materials
265
97
Total sale of Government property
343
344
370
Realization upon loans and investments:
Repayment from States and other public bodies
Repayment of domestic loans to individuals and
private organizations
Repayment of foreign loans
Repayment on miscellaneous recoverable costs
Miscellaneous repayments on loans and investments.
1
345
655
7
4
1
195
193
13
5
513
23
119
7
5
Total realization upon loans and investments
1.012
407
668
See footnote at end of table.
BUDGET RECEIPTS
53
Table 11. SOURCES OF BUDGET RECEIPTS (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Miscellaneous receipts— Continued
Under existing legislation — Continued
Recoveries and refunds:
Recoveries under military occupation
1
8
130
11
32
*
10
53
11
36
44
Recoveries of excess profits and costs
Recoveries under foreign aid programs -_
10
34
Refunds of erroneous payments _ _
11
Miscellaneous recoveries and refunds
34
Total recoveries and refunds
182
109
133
Gross miscellaneous receipts
Less refunds - - .
4.082
2
3,526
2
4.194
2
Net miscellaneous receipts
4,080
3,524
4.192
Subtotal receipts
Deduct interfund transactions
78.313
654
82.756
656
93.693
693
Total budget receipts
77,659
82.100
93.000
* Less than one- half million dollars.
Note. — Estimates include effect of proposed legislation.
Table 12. BUDGET RECEIPTS, 1953-1960 (in millions of dollars)
Description
Actual
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I960
Individual income taxes
Corporation income taxes
Excise taxes (net).-
30,108
21,238
9.868
274
881
596
_ 1.859
29,542
21,101
9,945
283
934
542
2,309
28.747
17.861
9.I3I
579
924
585
2.562
32,188
20,880
9,929
322
1,161
682
3,004
35,620
21,167
9,055
328
1,365
735
2,760
34,724
20,074
8,612
333
1,393
782
3,200
36.719
17.309
8.504
321
1.333
925
3,160
40.715
21.494
9,137
Employment taxes
Estate and gift taxes
Customs
Miscellaneous receipts
339
1.606
1,105
4.062
Subtotal
64,825
154
64.655
235
60,390
181
68.165
315
71,029
467
69,117
567
68.270
355
78.457
Deduct interfund transactions.
694
Total budget receipts. . .
64,671
64.420
60.209
67,850
70.562
68,550
67.915
77.763
Note. — Figures shown in this table are net of refunds, but correspond to the net figures used in
the same classifications for fiscal years 1961 to 1963 in table 1 1 (pages 49 to 53).
PART 4
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM
BY FUNCTION
55
ANALYSIS OF FEDERAL ACTIVITIES BY
FUNCTION
This section of the budget describes the Government activities pro-
posed for 1963 in terms of the major functions they serve. It pre-
sents greater detail on existing programs and on new legislative rec-
ommendations than is included in the Budget Message.
Almost four-fifths of the $92.5 billion of budget expenditures esti-
mated for 1963 represent costs associated with our current national
security and with past wars. Expenditures for national defense,
international, and space programs are estimated at $58.1 billion; those
for veterans benefits and for interest payments, which are related to
past wars, are expected to total $14.7 billion. All other expenditures
are estimated at $19.7 billion, about one-fifth of the total ; they include
$5.1 billion for health, labor, and welfare programs and $5.8 billion
for agricultural programs.
Tlie expenditure total includes a $200 million allowance for
contingencies, and an allowance of $150 million is included for the
pay adjustments being proposed for Federal white-collar employees;
the recommended revisions in postal workers' pay are included with
other estimated Post Office expenditures.
NATIONAL DEFENSE
The national defense category used in this budget encompasses the
military functions of the Department of Defense, military assistance
to other countries, atomic energy, and several activities directly sup-
porting our defense effort. Expenditures for national defense in 1963
are estimated at $52.7 billion, $1.5 billion more than in 1962 and
$5.2 billion more than in 1961. Practically all of the increase is
for the Department of Defense, including the civil defense activities
recently transferred to that Department.
Department of Defense — Military.— T\\% 1963 budget for the
military functions of the Department of Defense is the first to be de-
veloped under procedures introduced last year which integrate
the making of plans, programs, and budgets. Under these procedures
the defense program is developed in terms of the principal military
missions of the Defense Establishment, rather than by military serv-
ices. This approach features long-range projections of programs
56
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
57
and comparisons of the cost-effectiveness of alternative weapons sys-
tems. It also involves the continnal review and adjustment of lonjj;-
range objectives to conform with changes in tlie international situa-
tion and in military requirements and technology.
NATIONAL DEFENSE
(Fiscal years. In millionsl
Program or agency
Department of Defense — Military:
Military functions:
Present programs
Proposed legislation
Military assistance
Subtotal
Atomic energy
Defense-related activities:
Stockpiling of strategic and critical materials.
Expansion of defense production
Selective Service System
Other
TotaL
Expenditures
1961
actual
$43,227
1.449
44,676
2,713
35
-12
33
50
47,494
1962
esti-
mate
$46,850
,400
48.250
2,830
36
35
36
25
51,212
1963
esti-
mate
$48,129
171
1,400
49.700
2.880
40
52.690
Recom-
mended
new obli-
gational
authority
for 1963
$49,920
220
1.500
51.640
2.987
38
38
41
54.744
1 Compares with new obligational authority of $45,994 million enacted for 1961 and $52,644 mil-
lion (including $453 million in anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.
Because of the nncertainties inherent in the Berlin crisis, it has
been assumed, for purposes of preparing the fiscal year 1963 defense
budget, that the special measures associated with that crisis will
terminate at the beginning of that fiscal year. Accordingly, the
military personnel strengths and force structures shown for the end
of fiscal year 1962 in the table on page 62 do not necessarily mesh
with those planned for the beginning of fiscal year 1963. Either
the 1962 or the 1963 strengths and forces will have to be adjusted,
depending on the course of future events.
The following table sets forth the major military programs for
fiscal years 1962 and 1963 in terms of obligational availability planned,
including recommended new obligational authority plus certain prior
year funds. The amount shown for each program represents the
total funds necessary to finance the various elements of the pro-
gram in 1962 and 1963, including military personnel, operation and
maintenance, procurement, research and development, and military
construction.
58
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3
SUMMARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PROGRAM
(Fiscal years. In billionsl
Major military programs
Strategic retaliatory forces
Continental air and missile defense forces
General purpose forces
Sealif t and airlift
Reserve Forces
Research and development (not included elsewhere)
General support
Civil defense
Proposed legislation:
Basic allowance for quarters and other
Military assistance
Total obligational availability planned.
Of which:
New obligational authority
Prior year funds
Obligational avail-
ability planned
1962
■ estimate
$9.5
2.2
18.2
1.1
1.8
4.7
12.1
.3
1.6
51.5
49.9
1.6
1963
estimate
$9.4
2.1
18.4
1.3
1.9
5.7
12.8
.7
.2
1.5
53.9
51.6
2.3
Strategic retaliatory forces. — This major program includes. manned
bombers (B-52''s, B-58's, and B-47's), their tankers, and their air-
lamiched missiles, Hound Dog and Skybolt; intercontinental ballistic
missiles — Atlas, Titan, and Minuteman ; Polaris submarines and their
complement of missiles; and communications systems for command
and control. The total obligational availability to be used for
these forces in 1963 is estimated at $9.4 billion, compared with $9.5
billion provided in the 1962 budget as amended, and $7.5 billion in the
original 1962 budget of the previous administration.
These funds will support an operational force of about 1,200 bomb-
ers at the end of 1963, about half of which will be maintained on a
1 5-minute ground alert. The budget provides for continuing the capa-
bility for maintaining one-eighth of the heavy bomber fleet on con-
tinuous airborne alert. Most of the B-52's will be equipped with the
Hound Dog air-to-surface missile and the entire bomber force will be
supported by a fleet of jet-powered refueling tankers.
Provision is made in the budget for the continued development and
testing, and the initial procurement, of the new Skybolt. This air-
launched ballistic missile has approximately double the range and
many times the speed of the Hound Dog, and four can be carried by a
single B-52 bomber compared with two of the Hound Dog.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 59
The planned 18 squadron force of Atlas ICBM's sliould be com-
pleted and in place by the end of 1963 together with the greater part
of the planned 12 Titan ICBM squadrons. The fii-st Minuteman
solid-fuel ballistic missiles are also expected to be operational by that
time. Funds are requested for the procurement of another substan-
tial increment of Minuteman missiles and for construction of hard-
ened and dispersed launching sites. By the time these additional
missiles are operational, tlie Minuteman force will be several times
the presently planned Atlas-Titan liquid-fueled missile force.
Six Polaris submarines carrying 96 missiles are now in commission.
Funds are already available to increase this number to 12 submarines
and to have 17 more under construction by the end of fiscal 1963.
This budget provides for 6 more Polaris submarines and their com-
plements of missiles to be started during 1963 and for the advance
procurement of long lead-time components permitting 6 more to be
started in 1964, raising the total number of Polaris submarines to 41.
In addition, funds are included for the initial procurement of longer
range missiles which will greatly increase the flexibility and eifective-
ness of the Polaris force.
Continental air and missile defense forces. — This major program
includes the many elements of our warning and defense system
against airborne attack. Total obligational availability to be applied
to these forces and programs in 1963 is estimated at $2.1 billion, $0.1
billion less than in the 1962 budget as amended.
Defense against bomber attack will continue to be based on a combi-
nation of manned interceptors and surface-to-air missiles, with warn-
ing provided by the radar networks. The major effort is now directed
to improving the ability of the anti-aircraft defense system to survive
and function after an ICBM attack, since a manned bomber attack on
the United States might well coincide with or follow an ICBM attack.
Funds are provided in this budget for an emergency manual backup
for the Semi- Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, fall-
out protection for ground pei-sonnel, and facilities to permit a further
dispersal of the manned interceptor force. The Nike-Hercules system
will be made more effective by the completion of the radar improve-
ment program and the procurement of additional missiles.
The effectiveness of our continental air-defense forces is increasing
in relation to the size of bomber attack now considered possible.
This will permit a reduction in the numbers of air-defense anti-
aircraft battalions and air-defense combat wings.
For continental defense against ICBM attack, the budget provides
for completing and operating the Ballistic Missile Early Warning
System (BMEWS). Two of the three radar warning stations mak-
60 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
ing up this system ai'o already in operation; the third is under con-
struction and will be operational next year. The BMEWS is
capable of giving our defensive and offensive forces up to 15 minutes
warning of an ICBM attack. As part of the research and develop-
ment program, work will continue on the development of a satellite
ICBM warning system, whicli would extend the period and improve
the reliability of our warning, and on the Nike-Zeus anti-missile
system on a top-priority basis.
General purj)ose forces. — This program includes the bulk of our
Armed Forces, which are available either for use in the event of
general war or for rapid deployment to any point in the globe in
tlie event of a more limited military conflict. More specifically,
this program covers about two-thirds of the active Army forces, the
tactical air units of the Air Force, and virtually all of the active
Navy and Marine Corps combat forces with the exception of the
Polaris and Regulus submarine systems. The reserve forces asso-
ciated with this mission are included with other reserve components
in a separate progi^am.
The total obligational availability planned for the general purpose
forces in 1963 is estimated at $18.4 billion compared with $18.2 billion
in the amended 1962 budget and $14.7 billion in the original 1962
budget of the preceding administration.
To insure that these forces have the firepower, mobility, and versa-
tility needed to meet the broadest range of military contingencies, the
budget provides for a significant increase in the procurement of modern
weapons and supporting equipment. Moreover, in order that these
forces may be deployed immediately to any part of the world and be
able to fight for protracted periods, inventories of basic equipment
and supplies will be built up and placed at forward locations.
For example, under the 1963 budget, the Army will procure another
large increment of the 7.62 mm. family of small arms; increased quan-
tities of heavy machineguns ; more self-propelled artillery and main
battle tanks; and conventional and atomic munitions. In addition,
the Army will purchase nearly 40,000 tactical trucks, a large variety
of support vehicles, and about 600 aircraft, including the Caribou
transports and several types of helicopters. Army missile procure-
ment will include the Hercules, Hawk, and Red Eye air defense
missiles; the Honest John, Little John, Sergeant, and Pershing tacti-
cal missiles; and anti-tank missiles.
For the Navy, the 1963 shipbuilding program for the general pur-
pose forces involves construction of 29 new ships and major conver-
sions of 33 ships. The proposed new ships include a conventionally
powered carrier, a nuclear-powered guided missile frigate, 8 nuclear-
powered attack submarines, 5 amphibious ships, and 8 escort vessels.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 61
The conversion program includes modernization of 24 destroyers. The
Navy will also procure about 900 aircraft, mostly combat tyi)cs, in-
cluding aircraft for attack, reconnaissance, and anti-submarine war-
fare. Missile procurement will include the Sidewinder and Sparrow
air-to-air missiles; the Terrier, Tartar, and Talos surface-to-air mis-
siles ; the Bullpup and Shrike air-to-surface missiles ; and the Subroc
submarine-launched anti-submarine missile. Large quantities of
rockets, bombs, modern torpedoes, mines, and other conventional
ordnance will also be ordered. A wide variety of w^eapons and sup-
porting equipment will also be procured for the Marine Corps.
For the Air Force, there will be a substantial increase in the rate of
modernization of tactical fighter forces, through continued procure-
ment of the all-weather F-105 aircraft in 1963 and initial procurement
in 1962 and 1963 of the versatile F4H fighter. Development work
begun in 1962 on a more advanced, long-range, tactical fighter air-
craft for use by both the Air Force and Navy will be substantially
expanded in 1963. Both the 1963 budget and amended 1962 budget
call for a sizable increase in production of new and more effective types
of non-nuclear ordnance and for modification of tactical aircraft to
enable delivery of heavier loads of such ordnance.
SeaJift and airlift. — The forces in this program include the Mili-
tary Sea Transportation Service (MSTS), the Military Air Transport
Service (MATS), and the troop carrier squadrons of the Air Force.
The total obligational availability planned for these forces in 1963
is $1.3 billion, compared with $1.1 billion in the amended 1962 budget.
The budget will support in 1963 a force of 56 Air Force and Navy
troop carrier and air transport squadrons. The Reserve components
of the Air Force will maintain an additional 65 squadrons, for which
funds are included in the progi'am for the Reserve forces.
Last year a major start was made on the modernization and expan-
sion of the airlift forces, and the 1963 budget w^ill augment further our
air transport capacity. Additional quantities of C-130E aircraft will
be ordered, and procurement of the new C-141 jet ti'ansport will begin.
These modem jet transports will adequately meet the needs of the
Department of Defense even (hough fewer squadrons are planned
than in 1962. Certain squadrons of the older OllS's and C-124's
that had been scheduled to be i)hased out will be retained for a longer
period. It is also planned to retain in active units a portion of the
aircraft now assigned to the reserve units on active duty, when these
units revert to reserve status.
The Military Sea Transportation Service provides specialized
troop transports, cargo ships, and tankers required to support the
deployment of military forces but which are not available in the
civilian maritime fleet. Our sealift capabilities will be increased by
62
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3
the procurement in 1963 of a modern cargo ship permitting more
rapid loading and unloading of vehicles and tanks.
Personnel strength and force structure. — The estimated Active
Forces at the end of fiscal year 1963 compared with the 2 preceding
years are shown in the following table :
SUMMARY OF COMPOSITION OF MAJOR ACTIVE ARMED FORCES
Description
Military personnel (in thousands) :
Army
Navy
Marine Corps
Air Force
Total, Department of Defense.
Military forces:
Army:
Divisions
Armored cavalry regiments and combat commands-
Brigades
Battle groups (infantry)
Missile commands
Air defense anti-aircraft battalions
Surface-to-surface missile battalions
Helicopter aircraft inventory — active
Fixed-wing aircraft inventory — active
Navy:
Commissioned ships in fleet
Warships
Other
Attack carrier air groups
Carrier anti-submarine air groups
Patrol and warning squadrons
Marine divisions
Marine air wings
Aircraft inventory — active
Air Force:
USAF combat wings
Strategic wings
Air defense wings
Tactical wings
USAF combat support flying forces
Air refueling squadrons
MATS air transport squadrons
Other specialized squadrons
Aircraft inventory — active
Actual
June 30,
1961
858
627
177
820
2,482
14
7
2
8
4
77
24
2,721
2,843
(819)
375
444
17
11
38
3
3
8,793
(88)
37
19
32
(119)
65
21
33
16,905
Estimate
June 30,
1962
1,081
666
190
2,825
16
6
1
9
3
65
30
2,785
2.818
(898)
395
503
18
12
53
3
3
9.297
(98)
37
18
43
(132)
67
30
35
16,244
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
63
Reserve forces. — The Reserve components of the Army, Navy,
Marine Corps, and Air Force are considered togetlier in this program.
The military missions of the various components, however, are closely
related to those of the Active Forces included in the continental air
and missile defense forces, general purpose forces, and airlift and
sealift. The total obligational availability planned for these forces
in 1963 is $1.9 billion. Training of the Reserve components will con-
tinue to be designed to provide organized units and individual rein-
forcements prepared to meet the mobilization needs for which they
have been established.
The strengths of the Reserve components now planned to be in a
paid drill status as of the end of 1963, compared with the 2 preceding
3'ears, are as follows :
Component
Army Reserve forces. . .
Navy Reserve
Marine Corps Reserve. .
Air Force Reserve forces
Total
Actual
June 30.
1961
695,603
129.948
43.829
135.380
.004.760
Estimated
June 30,
1962
6^1.800
122,294
45,500
110.950
900,544
June 30.
1963
670,000
125,000
45,500
133,000
973.500
The lower strengths shown for June 30, 1962 in comparison with
the strengths shown for June 30, 1961 are due to the temporary
mobilization and assignment to the active forces of some reserves in
October 1961.
Research mid development. — This program contains all of the re-
search, development, test, and evaluation activities not included in
other major programs, such as basic and applied research, advanced
technology, exploratory development, testing at the national mis-
sile ranges, and similar and supporting activities. The total obliga-
tional availability to be applied to these purposes in 1963 is $5.7
billion, compared to $4.7 billion in the 1962 budget as amended.
The Army's research program includes funds for a wide range
of battlefield sum^eillance and communications equipment, and ad-
vanced conventional weapons, ammunition items, and aircraft. De-
velopment will continue on the Mauler (a mobile anti-missile and
anti-aircraft defense system), the Nike-Zeus anti-missile missile, and
the communications satellite program.
64 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
The Navy's research program will include such projects as the high
capacity Typhon missile system, a new deep-diving high-speed tor-
pedo and other anti-submarine warfare projects, more efficient nuclear
powerplants, oceanographic research, and a navigational satellite
system.
Air Force research includes the initiation of development of a
mobile mid-range ballistic missile and a new general purpose booster
vehicle for the national space program. Development will be con-
tinued on the B-70 prototype aircraft, major space systems, and
other programs
General .support. — This program covers the support activities of
each service and various agencies which serve the entire Department
of Defense, such as the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Defense
Communications Agency, Defense Supply Agency, and the Defense
Atomic Support Agency.
These activities include not only the direct support provided for the
Armed Forces and the installations at wliich they are located, but also
the gamut of support sei-vices customarily provided for the well-being
of military personnel and their dependents, such as housing, medical
care, community services, and welfare and recreation.
The total obligational availability planned for this program in
1963 is $12.8 billion, compared to $12.1 billion in 1962. The increase
over 1962 is mainly for communications and intelligence and for re-
tired pay.
Civil defenfte. — New obligational authority of $695 million is recom-
mended for 1968 for a furtlier major expansion of the civil defense
program recently transferred to the Department of Defense. This
is $440 million more than provided for 1962.
The present program includes the identification and marking
of an estimated 50 million shelter spaces in existing buildings
as well as a good start on stocking them with necessary supplies
and equipment. The amount recommended for 1963 includes $460
million under legislation being prepared for Federal incentive grants
for shelter construction in selected community buildings, such as
schools and liospitals. The surveying and marking of existing struc-
tures M'ill continue. It is also planned to stock and equip all shelter
spaces open to the public in an emergency Avith a capacity of 50 or
more persons, including those identified in the surveys as well as the
shelters resulting from the new grant program.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 65
Other existing civil defense activities in the Defense Department
budget are expected to be accelerated in 1963; these include warn-
ing and alerting programs, radiological monitoring and instru-
mentation, contributions to State and local governments for civil
defense personnel and adniinistrative costs, provision of fallout shel-
ters in existing Federal buildings, and education and information.
Proposed legislation. — Funds are provided under proposed legisla-
tion to increase the basic allowance for quarters and the travel per
diem allowances for military personnel.
Legislation will also be proposed to establish a "Military Family
Housing Fund'' which would facilitate the financing of new con-
struction and the management and financial control of all military
family housing.
Military assistance.— Onv military planning has long recognized
the importance of allied forces in maintaining the security of the Free
World. Military assistance helps to strengthen the forces of more
than 40 nations. New obligational authority of $1.5 billion is
recommended for military assistance for 1963 to provide training and
materiel for essential maintenance and selective modernization of
forces in the countries receiving aid.
This budget emphasizes the continuing need to develop and main-
tain effective forces in nations which are faced with serious threats
of internal subversion or external aggression. Individually and
within mutual defense organizations, such as the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO), the Southeast Asia Treaty Organiza-
tion (SEATO), and the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO),
these forces play vital roles in the defense of vast areas.
In developing nations where the situation warrants, emphasis in
providing assistance will be placed on the smaller, mobile forces
trained and equipped to maintain internal security and on units
trained and equipped to make a constructive contribution to local
development. Most of the Western European NATO countries liave
now assumed full financial responsibility for equipping their own
military forces. Others will do so upon completion of our current
commitments to provide certain critical items of materiel.
Atomic energy acfiV/fies. ^Expenditures by the Atomic Energy
Commission in 1963 are estimated to be $2,880 million, up somewhat
from 1962. Substantial increases in several program areas will be
610000 O— 62-
66 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3
partially offset by reductions elsewhere, principally in the procurement
of uranium concentrates.
Nuclear iveapons and related activities. — Expenditures for the pro-
duction of nuclear Aveapons will rise in 1963, and design and develop-
ment work will be further intensified to assure the availability of
improved types of nuclear weapons.
A continued hio;h level of effort will be devoted to the development
and improvement of nuclear powerplants for submarines and surface
naval ships in order to improve further their operating characteristics
and efficiency.
Peaceful uses of atomic energy.- — It is expected that atomic energy
will make substantial and unique contributions to the conquest of
outer space. In 1963 efforts will be intensified on the development of
nuclear propulsion for rockets (Project Rover) and of highly com-
pact atomic reactors and radioisotope sources to generate electric
power for auxiliaiy use in satellites, space vehicles, and other special-
ized remote installations (Project SNAP — systems for nuclear auxil-
iary power).
The development of civilian atomic power will be carried forward
in 1963 at about the levels attained in 1962. Atomic fuels offer a
valuable supplement to conventional fuels in the short term and an
essential replacement for them in the much longer term. Numerous
large power reactors have been and are being constructed, from
which valuable technical information will be obtained. Expendi-
tures for the development of civilian atomic power and directly
related supporting technology will considerably exceed $200 million
in 1963.
Underlying all of the technical development work in the atomic
energy program is the fundamentally important work in basic re-
search in the physical and life sciences. The physical research pro-
gram will expand in 1963 with significantly increased expenditures in
high energy physics, low energy physics, chemistry, and metallurgy.
Research activities in the life sciences will also be increased, not only
in order to expand basic understanding of the effects of radiation upon
life processes, but also, in conjunction w4th related programs of the
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, to equip the Nation
better to cope with growing problems in the area of radiological en-
vironmental health.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 67
Defense-related activities. — These activities iiu-lihle the Selec-
tive Service System, stockpiIin<r of stniteoic and critical materials,
expansion of defense production, and eniero:encv preparedness ])ro-
<jrams of a<>;encies other than the Department of Defense. P]xpendi-
tiu-es for these pro^jrams are estimated to be $110 million, or a net
decrease of %-l'2 million from li)()2. A reduction in expenditures for
defense production expansion is somewhat offset by an increase for
emergency medical stockpiling by the Department of Health, Edu-
cation, and "Welfare.
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS AND FINANCE
Expenditures for international affairs and finance programs in 1963
are expected to be $100 million more than in 1962. Major increases
for development assistance, largely for long-term loans, are offset in
part by a decline in other forms of assistance and by decreases in the
net expenditures of the Export-Import Bank and the Department of
State.
Xew obligational authority recommended for international pro-
grams for 1963 is estimated to be $1 billion less than in 1962. This
decrease reflects the nonrecurring request in 1962 for authority to
provide $2 billion in supplementary resources to the International
Monetary Fund on a loan basis if the need should arise. Yor regular
activities, an increase over 1962 is recommended, mainly for develop-
ment loans and the Alliance for Progress.
Economic and financial assistance. — Expenditures for eco-
nomic and financial assistance in 1963 are estimated to be $202 million
greater than in 1962. During the past year there has been a funda-
mental review and reorientation of our programs of economic assist-
ance. As a result, greater recognition will be given to long-range
plans and programs which identify in each developing country the
sectors most in need of external support. Much greater emphasis
will also be given to the efforts of these countries to marshal their
own resources through self-help measures such as land and tax reform.
To give emphasis to this change in direction, the administrative
structure of the foreign assistance program has been reorganized.
The new Agency for International Development (AID) combines
under a single administrator the functions previously performed by
the International Cooperation Administration and the Development
68
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS AND FINANCE
[Fiscal years. In millions]
Program or agency
Budget
expenditures
1961 1962 1963
actual estimate estimate
Recom-
mended
new obli-
gational
authority
for 1963
Economic and financial assistance:
Foreign assistance — economic:
Development loans
Development grants
Aid to the Alliance for Progress
Supporting assistance
Voluntary contributions to international organizations-
Contingencies
Other
Inter-American Development Bank
International Development Association
Peace Corps
Export-Import Bank of Washington
Food for Peace (Public Law 480. title II)
Other:
Present programs
Proposed legislation:
Refugee, migrant, and escapee programs
Inter-American Highway
$258
169
1.013
76
210
78
74
37
199
Subtotal
Foreign information and exchange activities:
United States Information Agency
Department of State
Conduct of foreign affairs:
Department of State:
Present programs
Proposed legislation for purchase of U.N. bonds
U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Tariff Commission and other:
Present programs
Proposed legislation for Philippine claims (Foreign
Claims Settlement Commission)
2.126
121
37
213
Total.
2.500
$450
204
85
740
140
250
66
110
62
10
-101
281
$650
285
225
560
145
295
75
60
62
52
-225
300
2,308
147
50
285
100
2
2.510
159
63
245
2.896
2.996
$1,250
332
600
500
149
400
166
60
62
64
300
2
12
18
3.914
158
65
252
6
4
73
14.473
1 Compares with new obligational authority of $3,256 million enacted for 1961 and $5,514 million
(including $2,192 million in anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.
Loan Fund, related staff and program services formerly carried out
by the Department of State, and the local currency lending activities
previously conducted by the Export-Import Bank.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 69
111 order to obtain niaxinium ert'ectiveness from all of the ditfereiit aid
efforts of the United States, the Administrator of AID has been
g^iven responsibility for coordinating military assistance with economic
assistance, and for relatino- these programs to others, such as Food for
Peace, Export-Import Bank development loans, and certain overseas
activities of other Federal agencies.
Development loan.<< and grants. — The United States is providing
assistance to developing countries largely in the fonii of long-term
loans repayable in dollars at very low rates of interest. Expenditures
for such loans are estimated to increase by $200 million in 1968, mainly
under prior commitments. In addition, $122 million will be con-
tributed to the capital of the International Development Association
and the Inter-American Development Bank to be used for develop-
ment loans.
Tlie Export-Import Bank will also continue to make a high level
of development loan commitments. However, the Bank expects that
a substantial share of these loans will be financed with private funds
under the Bank's guarantee, with collections on previous loans ex-
ceeding new disbursements by $225 million. A new short-term guar-
antee program by the Bank, which will provide both credit and
political risk coverage on exports, will assist exporters to increase sales,
and thus help our balance of payments.
Development grants are being used in growing volume, mainly to
promote progress in education, technical skills, and other human needs
without which people of a developing country cannot put capital to
effectiA^e use. Grants are also used for essential roads, harbors, and
similar development projects where there is no current prospect of
ability to repay loans. Expenditures for development grants are ex-
pected to rise by $81 million in 1963, largely for Africa.
The Alliance for Progress, a major new cooperative effort to speed
social and economic development in Latin America, was formally
initiated last summer at Punta del Este, Uruguay. A $3 billion au-
thorization is proposed to cover development loans and grants in
support of the Alliance within the next 4 years, with an initial appro-
priation of $600 million recommended for 1963. The rate at which
assistance is extended to Latin America will of course depend upon
the progi-ess made in self-help and economic planning. As an in-
valuable aid to orderly planning, authority should be granted to
make long-term commitments of funds authorized for the Alliance,
corresponding to the authority provided for development lending
in the last session of the Congress.
70 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Other programs of assistance. — Supportiiio- assistance is orranted to
countries Avliich need help to support extraordinary defense forces,
maintain economic and political stability, and preserve economic in-
dependence; such aid is also granted in connection with U.S. bases
overseas. With increasing- emphasis being placed on development
assistance, supporting assistance is declining. Expenditures for this
type of assistance are expected to decrease by $180 million in 1963
and to be reduced further in future years.
This budget also provides for our voluntary contributions for multi-
lateral programs such as the United Nations special fund and tech-
nical assistance program, United Nations economic operations in the
Congo, and the Indus Valley development program administered by
the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Established in March 1961, the Peace Corps brings to developing
countries young Americans with needed skills. The service of these
volunteers helps meet the needs of the developing areas of the world
and also increases understanding between our people and the peoples
of these areas. An increase is expected in the number of volunteers
from 2,-300 in 1962 to 6,700 in 1963.
Grants of surplus agricultural commodities under the Food for
Peace program are being increasingly utilized in programs of eco-
nomic development as we^l as for disaster relief. Under this pro-
gram, many school children around the world are receiving bread and
milk, and thousands of persons at work on development projects
have more adequate diets.
The budget includes expenditures of $12 million by the Department
of State in 1963 under proposed legislation now pending before the
Congress for refugee assistance programs.
Foreign information and exchange activities. — The activities
of the Ignited States Information Agency will continue to expand,
especially in rural sectors and provincial centers in Latin America
and Africa. Plans for 1963 call for 11 neAv branch posts to begin
operation in Africa and 10 new branch posts, 9 reading rooms, 10
model community centers, and 10 binational student centers in Latin
America.
New broadcasting facilities for the Voice of America, which are uoav
under construction in North Carolina, on the Island of Rhodes, and
in Liberia, are expected to be in operation in 1963. The budget also
provides for modernization and expansion of certain domestic radio
transmitting facilities. Explorations are underway relating to the
possibility of strengthening broadcasting facilities in the Far East.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 71
Enactment of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act
in the last session ol" tiie Congress will enable the State Department to
conduct excliange of persons programs without depending upon the
existence of foreign currency reserves in the Treasury. The Depart-
ment is therefore better able to meet program needs, especially in
Africa and Latin America. Aid will be given to American-sponsored
schools abroad to meet the educational requirements of American
dependents as well as to demonstrate our educational techniques.
Conduct of foreign a//a/rs. — Plxpenditures of the Department
of State in 11)()2 include large assessed contributions to the United
Nations military operation in the Congo. In addition, legislation is
proposed to authorize the United States to purchase in 106*2 up to $100
million of the Ignited Nations bonds which will be issued to meet the
financial emergency facing the Ignited Nations. Amounts are in-
cluded in the 1963 budget to strengthen the Foreign Service, particu-
larly for acquiring necessary office and housing facilities in Africa.
The newly established U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
will increase its own staff and its contract research program to dis-
charge its assigned tasks, including technical research and the formu-
lation and re])resentation of Ignited States ])olicy positions on arms
control and disarmament at international meetings.
SPACE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
A major expansion of the space programs of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration has been undertaken as a
result of last year's decision to embark on a program to master space
traA'el ; symbolic of this mastery is the effort to achieve a safe manned
lunar landing and return before the end of the decade. The pro-
grams being carried forward include: (1) the development of the
techniques of manned flight and of the complex spacecraft and very
large launch vehicles and ground facilities that manned lunar flight
will require; (2) the exploration of space by means of unmanned
earth satellites and lunar and planetary probes; (3) the development
of meteorological and communications satellites; and (4) a wide range
of basic research and technological development necessary to support
both aeronautical and space efforts.
Expenditures for the National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion's ])rograms are estimated at $2.4 billion during 1963, whieli is $1.1
billion more than in 1962 and over 3 times the amount spent in 1961.
Appropriations of $3.8 billion in 1963 are recommended in this budget,
compared with $1.8 billion estimated for 1962.
72
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
SPACE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
[Fiscal years. In millions]
Program
Manned space flight
Unmanned investigations in space
Meteorology and communications
Other research, technology, and supporting operations
Total
Budget expenditures
1961
actual
$237
216
16
275
744
1962
estimate
$471
333
82
414
1,300
1963
estimate
$1,162
495
138
605
2,400
Recom-
mended
new obli-
gational
authority
for 1963
$2,260
556
140
831
13.787
> Compares (With new obligational authority of $964 million enacted for 1961 and $1,828 million
(including $156 million of anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.
Manned space -flight. — Funds are recommended in this budget to
provide for manned flights of long duration during 1963 and for a
new series of flights commencing in 1964 to develop a capability for
manned spacecraft to rendezvous with other spacecraft in orbit.
Funds are also included to continue the development of the three-man
Apollo lunar-landing spacecraft initiated during the current year.
The program to develop large launch vehicles for manned lunar
flight has been highlighted by the successful flight of the first stage
of the Saturn vehicle and the initiation of the much larger Advanced
Saturn program. The Advanced Saturn, with clustered engines in the
first stage generating a total of about 7 million pounds of thrust, is
designed to enable manned flight around the moon by direct ascent
or manned landing on the moon and return in the Apollo spacecraft
by means of a single rendezvous in earth orbit.
The huge Nova launch vehicle, capable of boosting the Apollo
manned spacecraft to the moon by direct ascent, is being developed
as an alternative approach. It is now expected that the first attempts
at manned lunar flight will be made with liquid fuel rocket engines;
development of large solid fuel rocket motors, however, is being con-
tinued by the Department of Defense for possible later use.
Unmanned investigations in space. — Unmanned space explorations,
from which we have learned so much about the earth and surround-
ing space, will be continued with funds included in this budget. Ex-
plorations near the earth will be conducted primarily by means of large
versatile satellites capable of extended observation of the earth, sun,
and stars, from which more information can be obtained with fewer
launchings. Unmanned lunar exploration will be conducted with the
Ranger spacecraft which will be able to land an instrumented capsule
on the moon, and development will continue on the more complex Sur-
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 73
veyor spacecraft, which will be capiiblo of either landing on or orbit-
ing the moon. These explorations, in addition to having intrinsic
scientific value, are required in preparation for manned lunar landing.
A Mariner spacecraft designed to send scientific data back to earth
from the vicinity of the planet Venus will be launched this calendar
year. Development of an advanced Mariner spacecraft is being ac-
celerated to provide for further investigations of both Mars and
Venus.
Meteorology and communwations. — The meteorological satellite
program has consistently been one of the most successful of our space
flight efforts. The Tiros III satellite transmitted useful meteorologi-
cal information, including hurricane warnings, for over four months,
and its predecessor. Tiros II, had a useful life of more than a year. It
is planned to continue use of the Tiros series of satellites until the
potentially more effective Nimbus satellites now being developed take
over the weather observation role. These and related efforts are con-
tributing toward the establishment of a national system of operational
meteorological satellites.
Progress is being made toward early realization of a satellite net-
work for worldwide communications. Funds available in 1962 and
recommended for 1963 will provide for low-altitude Relay satellites
which will receive and retransmit communications, for initiating
more advanced active communications satellites, and for completing
the Syncom program of veiy high altitude communications satellites
initiated in 1961 in cooperation with the Army.
Further experiments with advanced versions of the Echo satellite,
which reflects communication transmissions, will also be conducted in
1962 and 1963, including development of the capability to launch
several communications satellites with a single vehicle.
Other research, technology^ and supporting operations. — Research
and development in aeronautical and space technology and the
necessary supporting operations will also increase in 1963. Of spe-
cial importance, the Rover nuclear rocket program continues at an
accelerated pace as a joint project of the Atomic Energy Commission
and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Develop-
ment of a flight test vehicle using the nuclear engine is being initiated.
AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES
The great strides made by the United States in recent years in farm
productive efficiency have contributed greatly to the Nation's capacity
for economic growth. The productive capacity of American agri-
culture must be used effectively to sustain our levels of living, to
74
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
further the Nation's goals for economic growth, and to help meet
international responsibilities. The rapid increase in agricultural
production, however, has resulted in large budgetary outlays for cer-
tain agricultural programs. In the preparation of the 1963 budget
each individual program has been examined carefully from the view-
points of priority and provision for necessary services at the lowest,
possible cost to the taxpayer.
AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES
[Fiscal years. In millions]
Program or agency
Farm income stabilization and Food for Peace:
Price support, supply, and purchase programs:
Present programs
Proposed legislation
National Wool Act
Food for Peace (Public Law 480, titles I and IV)
International Wheat Agreement
Transfer of bartered commodities to supplemental stock-
pile
Removal of surplus agricultural commodities
Conservation reserve
Sugar Act
Other
Subtotal
Financing rural electrification and rural telephones:
Present programs
Proposed legislation
Financing farm ownership and operation:
Farmers Home Administration
Farm Credit Administration..
Conservation of agricultural land and water resources:
Soil Conservation Service (including watershed protec-
tion and Great Plains program)
Agricultural conservation program, CCC loan for ACP,
and emergency conservation measures
Research and other agricultural services.
Total.
Budget
expenditures
1961
actual
$1,331
61
1.455
76
201
203
363
72
39
3.801
301
353
-3
146
251
324
5.173
1962
estimate
$2,497
67
.489
81
225
225
346
82
69
5.081
330
158
-2
164
256
356
6.343
1963
estimate
$2,516
-434
70
1.389
81
250
235
323
87
68
4.585
370
-136
198
181
257
380
5.836
Recom-
mended
new obli-
gational
authority
for 1963
$2,490
-423
65
1.171
81
250
274
323
80
70
4.381
490
-136
45
3
187
244
383
1 5.598
*Less than one-half million dollars.
1 Compares with new obligational authority of $4,895 million enacted for 1961 and $6,701 million
(including $321 million of anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 75
Farm income stahUization and Food for Pea/'e. — About four-fifths
of the budget expenditures for agriculture and agricultural resources
are for ])rograms to maintain farm income, to help farmers make the
production adjustments required by increased productive efficiency in
agriculture, and to utilize our current abundant agricultural produc-
tion in constructive ways at home and abroad including the Food for
Peace program.
A comprehensive review of present programs has been made and
legislation will be proposed in a special message on agriculture which
will be sent to the Congress shortly. This budget reflects the new
legislative proposals by reducing 1963 expenditures $434 million from
the amount estimated under present legislation.
The Sugar Act expires on June 30, 1962. Legislation will be
proposed extending it with substantial revisions to bring this pro-
gram into line with the greatly changed world sugar situation. Under
this legislation the difi'erence between the domestic and world price
of sugar, which is currently received by foreign suppliers of sugar,
will be retained by the United States to the extent permitted by exist-
ing international agi'eements, with an estimated increase in 1963
budget receipts of $180 million.
Through the direct distribution program of the Department of
Agriculture, needy families receive government-donated foods dis-
tributed through State and local government facilities. This ad-
ministration has extended the program to additional areas of economic
need and has added new items, particularly peanut butter and canned
meat. From December 1960 to November 1961, the number of persons
in needy families receiving donated food rose from 3.7 million to
6.2 million and the retail value of the donated food rose from less
than $3 to about $6 per person per month. The budget provides for
continuing this program in 1963 as part of the national effort to
assist those in need.
A new approach to helping needy families improve their diets and
to expand outlets for our agricultural abundance has been explored
this past year through pilot food stamp projects operated in eight
economically depressed areas. The results during the 7 months that
this program has been in operation ai'e encouraging. To provide
additional experience, the programs in the eight pilot areas will be
continued in 1963 and additional areas will be included.
Under title I of Public Law 480 (the Agricultural Trade Develop-
ment and Assistance Act), surplus farm commodities are sold abroad
for foreign currencies, and under title IV they are sold abroad on
long-term dollar credit. These programs, which comprise the major
76 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3
portion of our Food for Peace program, are designed to maximize
the use of food abroad for economic development and to meet the most
urgent dietary needs of hungry people, as well as to facilitate reduc-
tion of our abundant stocks of agricultural commodities and to pro-
mote new markets for our agricultural exports.
Financing rural electrification and rural telephones. — The 1963
estimate of expenditures — and of miscellaneous receipts — reflects
legislation which will be proposed to authorize the use of collections
on outstanding electrification and telephone loans to help finance new
loans. Funds to be available from this source are estimated at $136
million in 1963. In prior years, such collections were paid into mis-
cellaneous budget receipts. The budget recommendations for 1963
will provide funds for rural electrification loans of $345 million and
telephone loans of $135 million.
As the demand for electric power in rural areas continues to expand,
the rural electric cooperatives must have adequate supplies of power
at reasonable prices to meet their needs. The 1963 recommendations
include a substantial increase in Rural Electrification Administration
loan funds to permit financing of additional generation and trans-
mission facilities. The adequacy of the recommended funds will
depend on the willingness of other power suppliers to meet the require-
ments of the rural electric cooperatives on a reasonable basis.
Financing fatmi oionership and operation. — Budget expenditures for
the loan programs of the Farmers Home Administration are estimated
to drop sharply in 1962 and 1963 from the 1961 level, reflecting legis-
lation approved last year authorizing the use of loan collections to
finance the direct loan program (except for farm housing loans).
Prior to 1962 such collections were paid into miscellaneous budget
receipts.
Rural areas development program. — The number of commercial
farms has declined 28% in the last 5 years and the number of farm-
workers is currently declining at a rate of about 3% a year. The
farm output adjustment programs to be recommended in the special
message on agriculture will make it necessary to increase our efforts
to find suitable employment for excess rural manpower. Wliile
adequate growth in the national economy is the key element in bring-
ing about a solution, it is unlikely that this factor alone will be equal
to the task of coping with the problem of underemployment in rural
areas in the years ahead. The rural areas development program,
which complements the activities of the Area Redevelopment Admin-
istration of the Department of Commerce, is designed to speed up
economic development in rural areas by stimulating and coordinating
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 77
the efforts of the Department of Agriculture and other Federal agen-
cies in cooperation witli State and local governments and private
agencies in furthering this objective. The manpower aspects of the
program will be coordinated with the proposed general manpower
development and training program of the Department of Labor.
Conservation of agricultural larid and water resources. — Small
water control structures along with terracing, strip cropping, grass
waterways and other erosion control measures are integral parts
of the Nation's soil and water conservation effort and complement the
larger reservoirs downstream. The estimates for the watershed pro-
tection program of the Soil Conservation Service include an increase
over 1962 of $6 million for the growing number of projects — 474 under
construction or undergoing detailed planning during 1963, compared
with 379 in 1962.
Estimated expenditures in 1963 under the agricultural conservation
program reflect the $250 million 1962 program authorized in advance
by the Congress in the 1962 appropriation act. This budget proposes
an advance authorization for the 1963 program year of $150 million —
which will permit continuation of a substantial sharing by the Gov-
ernment with farmers of the cost of those conservation practices that
are in the long-time public interest.
Research and other agricultural sei'vices, — This budget proposes
1963 expenditures of $380 million which will provide for moderate
expansion of the research, educational, and regulatory activities and
related services of the Department of Agriculture. These activities
contribute to the welfare of the public generally as well as to the
welfare of the agricultural industry. In accordance with tlie provi-
sions of Public Law 87-209, approved last year, the budget also in-
cludes $3 million of new obligational authority for 1963 for the new
nationwide program to eradicate hog cholera.
NATURAL RESOURCES
The 1963 budget recommendations provide for further strengthen-
ing of natural resources programs, with estimated expenditures of
$2.3 billion in 1963 representing a record level.
Land and water resources. — The major share of the $1.6 billion of
estimated 1963 expenditures for land and water resources will provide
assets yielding long-term benefits. Most of these expenditures will
be for continuing construction on projects for flood control, naviga-
tion, irrigation, water supply, hydroelectric power, and in some cases
related recreational and fish and wildlife benefits. For the Corps
of Engineers, the budget includes appropriations of $30 million for 36
78
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
new water resources projects with an estimated total Federal cost of
$492 million, including the initial contribution for flood control costs
of the multiple-purpose Oroville Dam under construction by the State
of California on the Feather River. Appropriations of $4 million are
also included for 5 new starts (including 2 small project loans) by the
Bureau of Reclamation estimated to cost in total $85 million.
NATURAL RESOURCES
(Fiscal years. In millions]
Program or agency
Budget
expenditur
:s
Recom-
mended
new obli-
I96I
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
gational
authority
for 1963
Land and water resources:
Corps of Engineers - . .
$926
266
43
61
41
3
39
8
7
69
246
16
35
27
91
73
55
$958
284
39
78
46
6
78
9
16
$1,010
320
44
105
48
9
63
11
19
$1,022
345
Department of the Interior:
Bureau of Reclamation... _. . .. _. ._
Power marketing agencies _. . . . .
62
Bureau of Indian Affairs . . .
98
Bureau of Land Management .
53
Office of Saline Water .
Tennessee Valley Authority ....
10
35
Federal Power Commission __.. ..
11
International Boundary and Water Commission and other-
Forest resources:
Forest Service:
Payment to Klamath Indians ...
16
Other
279
15
38
30
97
81
63
281
16
42
50
110
100
68
236
Bureau of Land Management _. .
16
Mineral resources:
Bureau of Land Management-- ------ ...
42
Bureau of Mines and other
Recreational resources
Fish and wildlife resources
General resource surveys and administration .
58
94
103
72
Total
2.006
2.117
2.298
12.272
> Compares with new obligational authority of $2,038 million enacted for 1961 and $2,172 million
(including $59 million of anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.
In line with the recommendations of the Senate Select Committee
on National Water Resources, funds recommended for project investi-
gations will give increased emphasis to coordinated planning based on
entire river-basin areas. Funds are also included in the 1963 budget
for administrative expenses of Federal participation in activities of
the Delaware River Commission. Legislation has been recommended
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 79
to promote comprehensive, coordinated water resources planning by
Federal and State agencies and to authorize Federal grants to
strengthen State water resources planning.
The Department of the Interior is moving ahead rapidly on the
expanded 6-year program of saline water research. Emphasis is be-
ing placed on basic research looking toward new ways of reducing the
cost of converting saline water to fresh water.
The Department of the Interior in 1963 will continue its studies of
the benefits of interconnecting Federal regional power systems, and
of the economic potential of marketing power from pumped storage —
that is, power generated as needed by releasing water which has been
pumped at off-peak periods and stored in small reservoirs at higher
elevations. The budget provides funds for the design of an extra-
high-voltage interconnection between the Pacific Northwest and
Pacific Southwest, and for the initiation of construction on new
power transmission lines by the Bonneville Power Administration
and the Southwestern Power Administration. The Bureau of Recla-
mation will continue construction on a backbone grid to distribute
power from the Colorado River storage project.
The increase in power needs in the Tennessee Valley area will re-
quire the Tennessee Valley Authority to begin construction in 1963
of a 900,000-kilowatt steam power unit. TVA will also start con-
struction of a lock at Guntersville Dam and a multiple-pur|50se water
control system in the Beech River area in cooperation with local Ten-
nessee agencies, and continue other resource development activities.
Funds are proposed in the 1963 budget for the Federal Power
Commission to initiate a coordinated national power survey to de-
termine the most effective means, regardless of ownerehip, of supply-
ing the country's electric power needs in future periods, and to con-
tinue its concerted attack on the accumulated backlog of natural
gas regulatory cases.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1963 w411 emphasize a develop-
ment program aimed at raising the level of educational achievement
and the standard of living of Indians on reservations. The Indian
school construction program, accelerated under the 1962 budget
amendments, will be further expanded to reduce the large backlog
of needed classrooms for children now out of school. To improve
the standard of living on reservations, emphasis will be placed on
the establishment of industries and other enterprises which will create
new job opportunities.
Under the 1963 budget recommendations, cadastral surveys, soil
and moisture conservation, and reseeding on the public domain lands
will be accelerated by the Bureau of Land Management.
80 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Forest resources. — One of the most urgent needs in the national
forests is for roads to provide access for fire protection, timber sales,
and recreation. The budget provides for a proposed amendment to
the 1960 Highway Act to increase by $10 million the contract authority
for roads and trails.
The 1962 expenditures of the Forest Service include $38 million
for forest fire fighting, the highest on record. Exclusive of fire-
fighting costs, estimated expenditures in 1963 for the development
program of the national forests will be higher than those in 1962,
the main increases being for roads, recreational development, and
insect control measures.
Recreational and fish and ivildUfe resources. — The Secretary of the
Interior, in cooperation with other appropriate Federal, State, and
local oiRcials, is formulating a comprehensive program which will per-
mit the Federal Government to meet its share of the responsibility
for providing outdoor recreational opportunities. These plans will
take into account the findings of the Outdoor Recreation Resources
Review Commission which will be available shortly.
The increasing use of the national park areas makes increases in
the budget of the National Park Service necessary for development
and operation of these areas. Legislation has already been recom-
mended to protect wilderness areas of great natural beauty and to
preserve some of our remaining magnificent seashores and shorelines.
Funds are recommended for 1963 for the Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries to develop and support oceanographic research and survey
projects and to carry on marketing and other studies to aid the fishing
industry. The Bureau of Sport Fislieries and Wildlife will accelerate
the acquisition of wetlands for resting and nesting areas for migratory
waterfowl.
Mineral resources and general resource surveys. — The major in-
crease in 1963 expenditures for mineral resources will be for larger
purchases of helium under the conservation program of the Bureau
of Mines.
The 1963 budget for the Geological Survey provides for extension
of research and data collection facilities to marine geology to provide
additional information about the vast resources of the ocean. The
agency's hydrologic research program is also being expanded.
Early action is recommended with respect to the authorization re-
quest now pending in the Congress for the construction of a labora-
tory and headquarters building to provide urgently needed facilities
for the central operations of the Geological Survey.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
81
COMMERCE AND TRANSPORTATION
The 1963 bud^jet provides for increases in present major aids to
transportation, improvements in the postal service, acceleration of
the new ])ro<»7*am to redevelop the economies of distressed areas, and
expanded scientific and other services to all types of businesses. How-
ever, net budget expenditures for these programs are estimated to be
reduced by $384 million from the anticipated 1962 level, reflecting
primarily the proposed increase in postal rates.
COMMERCE AND TRANSPORTATION
[Fiscal years. In millions]
Program or agency
Budget
expenditures
Recom-
mended
new obli-
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
gational
authority
for 1963
Aviation:
Federal Aviation Agency
Civil Aeronautics Board .... . ..
$638
78
282
276
8
2
36
49
865
$708
83
351
279
15
2
39
63
790
$781
85
359
292
10
*
44
248
550
58
-595
222
98
67
107
$791
86
Water transportation:
Department of Commerce .
255
Coast Guard . ... . . ......
308
Panama Canal Company _. ...
Saint Lawrence Seaway
Highways (mainly on national forests and public lands)..
Postal service:
Existing law:
Public service costs .. . .. .
41
248
Other
553
Proposed legislation:
Pay revisions (including public service costs) .
60
Rate revisions
-595
Advancement of business:
Small Business Administration .
103
56
22
90
250
73
33
96
15
*
44
76
306
Department of Commerce:
Weather Bureau . . .. .. .
120
National Bureau of Standards .. . ... .
68
Other.
119
Interstate Commerce Commission: Payment on loan
guarantee
Department of the Interior and other
*
-1
122
82
Area redevelopment .... . . ..
64
Regulation of business
67
83
Total... . .
2.573
2.915
2.531
12.507
* Less than one-half million dollars.
' Compares with new obligational authority of $2,937 million enacted for 1961 and $3, 1 29 million
(including $81 million in anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.
610000 0—62-
82 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Aviation. — The Federal Aviatipn Agency is responsible for de-
velopment and operation of the Federal airways system. Expendi-
tures for these purposes have been rising sharply in recent years and
further increases will be necessary to keep pace with growing air
traffic and to sustain high standards of air safety and efficiency. Based
•on the findings of the recently completed study, I'roject Beacon, a de-
tailed program for improving air traffic control and navigational
aids is now being prepared. Research on the technical and economic
feasibility of a commercial supersonic aircraft will be accelerated in
1963, with the aim of permitting a decision late in 1963 on whether
Government support for the development of a supersonic transport
would be in the national interest.
Expenditures by the Civil Aeronautics Board for operating sub-
sidies, mainly to local service airlines, will continue to be substantial
in 1963. V Last year, the Congress limited subsidies for helicopter
operations, the most costly Federal aid per passenger-mile, and
requested the Board to develop an orderly program to terminate
subsidies for these operations.
Users of the airways are not yet paying an adequate share of the
costs of research, development, and operation of the Federal airways
from which they directly benefit. As initial steps toward this goal, the
revenue measures described on pages 47 and 48 of this document are
being proposed. As airline traffic and earnings improve, airline pas-
sengers and shippers and other beneficiaries should be expected to
pay their share of the heavy direct and indirect costs of providing
these services, now borne largely by the general taxpayers.
Water transportation. — Expenditures of the Department of Com-
merce to aid ocean shipping in 1963 will be $77 million over 1961
and $8 million above 1962 levels, primarily because of an accel-
eration in payments of operating subsidies already earned by shipping
companies. As a result, a reduction in operating subsidy expendi-
tures should occur in later years, assuming reasonably stable costs and
increased operating efficiency. At the same time, the ship constnic-
tion program will continue to go forward in 1963 at a level which will
permit regular replacement as the vessels in the subsidized fleet reach
25 to 30 years of age.
Coast Guard expenditures will increase by an estimated $13 million
in 1963, primarily to provide expanded loran and other navigational
aids and better maintenance of facilities, both ashore and afloat.
Users of the inland waterways now receive substantial benefits from
Federal expenditures for constructing, maintaining, and operating
these waterways. Jii line with the policy in other transportation pro-
grams, revenue legishition similar to that for users of the airways is
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY /UNCTION 83
being proposed to recoup a small part of the current Federal outlays
for these purposes.
Highways. — Federal highway aids are financed almost wholly
through the highway trust fund. Expenditures from that trust fund
in 1963 are expected to rise by $224 million to almost $3.4 billion. The
largest part of these expenditures is for the Federal share in the
coming year of the 15-year program already authorized to complete
construction of the Interstate Highway System. About 12,300 miles
of the Interstate System are now open to traffic and another 14,700
miles are in various stages of development.
The Highway Act of 1961 made commendable progress toward
providing adequate revenues to continue Federal-aid highway pro-
grams on a pay-as-you-build basis. Legislation is recommended this
year to provide annual contract authorizations of $950 million for
both 1964 and 1965 for the primary, secondary, and urban highway
programs as well as $36 million a year for forest and public lands
highways.
Postal service. — The expected increase in mail volume from 65 bil-
lion pieces in 1961 to 90 billion pieces by 1970 makes increased effi-
ciency imperative. Postal facilities are being modernized, with
primary attention to large mail handling centers where opportunities
for increased efficiency are greatest. New mechanical and electronic
techniques for processing mail are already in use and others are in
various stages of development. Funds are being requested to ac-
celerate the development of new devices and to install advanced mail
handling machinery in several large new post offices during 1963.
Expenditures required to provide needed postal services in 1963
will exceed anticipated revenues under existing law by an estimated
$798 million. In addition, the proposed legislation to revise the pay
systems for Federal employees includes increases in pay scales of
postal employees effective January 1, 1963, totaling $58 million for
the remainder of 1963. Appropriations of $248 million under existing
legislation are recommende(;l to cover the total loss on public service
items enumerated in the Postal Policy Act of 1958. In line with the
congressional policy that the users of the postal service shall pay the
full cost of all other services, legislation is again being recommended
to increase postal rates enough to cover such costs. As a result, net
expenditures in 1963 will be approximately equal to the public service
costs.
Advancement of husiness. — During the past year the Small Business
Administration has greatly expanded its financial aids to small busi-
nesses unable to obtain private financing. The rate of new business
84 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
loan commitments has more than doubled, and an aggressive program
of encouraging greater participation by private banks has been initi-
ated, permitting more loans to small business with lower net expendi-
tures in 1963. By the close of 1963 about 900 federally supervised
small business investment companies, financed mainly from private
sources, will be providing long-term loans or equity funds to small
enterprises.
The export promotion programs of the Department of Commerce
require considerable expansion as necessary steps in improving our
international balance of payments. The appropriations being recom-
mended for the Department in 1963 would provide for more com-
mercial specialists in foreign countries to promote sales of American
products, increased operations of the newly established U.S. Travel
Service, financial support for 18 trade missions, and a new program
for 13 commercial trade and industrial exhibits.
Completion of the 1960 census permits some reduction in the 1963
expenditures by the Bureau of the Census. Increased appropriations
are requested, however, to modernize automatic computing equipment
and methods of collection of data. The 1963 budget also provides for
expanding and improving the quality of statistical data disseminated
by other Government agencies, as summarized in special analysis I.
In addition to continued expansion in its regular weather measure-
ment and forecasting services, the Weather Bureau during 1962 and
1963 plans to buy four Nimbus spacecraft, with the expectation that
in 1964 they will begin providing daily cloud and radiation data over
the entire globe. The 1963 appropriations requested for the National
Bureau of Standards include funds to expand its research program
and $35 million to complete construction of its new headquarters in
Gaithersburg, Md. The budget for the Coast and Geodetic Survey
would continue the enlargement and modernization of the ocean survey
fleet required for the expanded national oceanographic program.
Action is requested on legislation now before the Congress to authorize
planning for Federal participation in the New York World's Fair of
1964.
Area redevelopment. — Under the leadership of the Department of
Commerce, seven departments and agencies have launched the newly
authorized Federal program to help redevelop areas suffering from
chronic unemployment or underemployment. Federal assistance is
contingent upon approval of a satisfactory plan for economic redevel-
opment. Over 250 areas, with a total population of more than 18
million people, have received preliminary approval of such plans.
Expenditures estimated for 1963 include $79 million in loans for in-
dustrial projects and public facilities and $30 million in public facility
grants.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
85
HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
The Housing Act of 1961 broadened and extended the major exist-
ing Federal programs for housing and community development, added
important new programs, and provided funds in some cases for several
years to come. Net expenditures are estimated to rise by $287 million
in 1963 primarily because of substantial increases in special assistance
mortgage purchases and higher outlays for urban renewal and other
community development activities.
Urban reneival capital grants. — The 1961 legislation doubled the
authority provided in the preceding 12 years for Federal capital
grants to help local communities remove and prevent urban blight.
As a result, during 1962 and 1963 the Urban Renew\al Administration
expects to authorize the planning of almost 500 new projects and to
approve for actual execution completed plans for 280 projects. Wliile
almost all of the expenditures for these projects will not occur until
later years, capital grant disbursements for previously authorized
projects will increase by an estimated $114 million in 1963.
HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
{Fiscal years. In millions]
Program or agency
Budget
expenditures
Recom-
mended
new obli-
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
gational
authority
for 1963
Urban renewal and community facilities:
Urban renewal capital grants
$142
10
$211
23
13
$325
39
33
15
42
28
193
111
184
20
17
-270
85
9
Public facility loans (excluding transportation loans)
Urban mass transportation:
Present programs . ..
Proposed legislation .
$100
Open space grants .
8
22
166
214
12
13
8
-239
90
4
50
Other
10
150
-7
75
33
Public housing programs .
200
Aids to private housing:
Housing and Home Finance Agency:
Federal Housing Administration
184
Federal National Mortgage Association
Housing for the elderly — direct loans
100
Other
-77
-35
50
1
17
Federal Home Loan Bank Board
Aids to National Capital Area:
District of Columbia . .
63
Other
9
Total
320
545
832
1755
I Compares with new obligational authority of $4,082 million enacted for 1961 and $621 million
(including $1 million of anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.
86 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Public facility loans. — Legislation enacted in 1961 authorized a
fivefold increase in long-term Federal loans to help local communities
finance water, sewer, and other needed public facilities, and also
required these loans to be made at lower interest rates than in previous
years. As a result, loan commitments, which mainly aid smaller
communities, will increase to an estimated $100 million in 1963.
Urban mass transportation. — The Congress likewise recognized the
need for Federal assistance for urban mass transportation by providing
new authority for planning and demonstration grants and for
emergency loans on a temporary and limited basis pending further
studies by the Housing and Home Finance Agency and the Depart-
ment of Commerce. These studies have now demonstrated the key
importance of area-wide transportation planning and comprehensive
development planning for metropolitan and other large urban areas.
Other findings include (1) the need for experimentation in new and
improved mass transit services, including stimulation of mass transit
technology, and (2) the inadequacy of local and private resources
to restore balance in urban transportation systems as long as Federal
aid for urban transportation is exclusively for highway programs,
particularly the Interstate System. This budget includes funds to
support the legislative recommendations for further Federal assist-
ance to urban mass transport which will later be transmitted to the
Congress.
Open spo/ce grants. — ^In authorizing for the first time Federal grants
to cover 20% to 30% of the cost of open space acquired in or near
urban areas, the Congress recognized the importance of early acquisi-
tion of permanent areas for recreational and other purposes in and
near the rapidly expanding cities. The 1963 budget request of $50
million will enable an estimated $200 million of such land to be bought
with combined Federal, State, and local resources.
Public housing programs. — Local housing agencies expect to com-
plete 30,000 additional low-rent public housing units in time for
occupancy during 1963, requiring an increase in Federal contributions
under previous contracts. During the year an additional 34,000 units
will be placed under construction, so that by the year's end almost
600,000 units will be either occupied or in process of construction. An
increasing share of these units is being designed for use by elderly low-
income families or individuals, and the 1961 legislation authorized
limited additional Federal contributions where necessary to permit
such occupancy.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 87
Federal Housing Administration. — The long-established compre-
hensive mortgage insurance system administered by the Federal
Housing Administration was further broadened in the 1961 legisla-
tion, particularly to provide more liberal insurance for housing for
middle- and lower-income families and for rehabilitation of existing
housing. In 1963 commitments will be issued for insurance of mort-
gages tinancing over 1,000,000 housing units and by the close of the
year, outstanding mortgages totaling almost $44 billion will be
covered by Federal insurance. This is a self-supporting program.
Over the years income from premiums has been adequate not only to
cover all expenses and losses, but also to accumulate large reserves.
In 1962 and again next year, insurance claims arising from defaults
are expected to require outlays substantially greater than current cash
receipts. These costs will be largely recovered in later years when the
properties and loans acquired are sold to other buyers.
Federal National Mortgage Association. — The new types of insured
mortgages authorized by the 1961 legislation, especially those financ-
ing moderate-income housing, are requiring veiy substantial increases
in purchase commitments under the special assistance program of the
Federal National Mortgage Association ; commitments for these and
other mortgages are estimated at $1 billion in 1963. However, net
expenditures will be much lower, primarily because most of the actual
purchases will take place in later years. In addition to purchases of
such special types of mortgages which are reflected in budget expendi-
tures, the Association also conducts a secondary market operations
trust fund which purchases and sells insured and guaranteed
mortgages.
Housing for the elderly. — In the past year the direct loans author-
ized in 1959 to provide long-term low-interest financing for housing
for elderly families and persons have attracted widespread interest
from nonprofit institutions and other eligible groups. In 1963 loans
will be approved on an estimated 10,000 units. Additional appropria-
tions of $100 million are requested in the budget together with legis-
lation to remove the present $125 million limitation on such appro-
priations.
Federal Home Loan Bank Board. — The largest single source of
financing for private housing is the savings and loan associations.
Most of their funds come from sa\dngs insured by the Federal Sav-
ings and Loan Insurance Corporation, under the jurisdiction of the
Federal Home Loan Bank Board. legislation enacted by the Con-
gress last session requiring advance payments of insurance premiums
is enabling the Corporation to build up its insurance reserves at a
much more rapid rate than in earlier years.
88 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
District of Colmribia. — Federal budget expenditures include both
regular annual payments to the District to help finance its operating
requirements, and long-term loans for necessary capital improvements.
Legislation is proposed to authorize increased appropriations for both
types of Federal assistance in line with the expanding requirements
of the District.
HEALTH, LABOR, AND WELFARE
The 1963 budget provides for substantial increases in a wide range
of health, labor and manpower, and welfare programs which help
meet human needs and also represent an investment in human re-
sources. A principal objective on which greater emphasis is to be
placed in 1963 is the reduction of poverty and delinquency through
increased welfare and rehabilitation services.
Health services and research. — The Federal Government's role
in improving the Nation's health is a large and growing one. For
example, the Government in the current year is supporting about
three-fifths of the more than $1 billion being spent for medical re-
search in this country.
In 1963, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare will
spend an estimated $1.4 billion for health services and research.
More than half of this total is to be spent by the National Institutes
of Health for medical research and related training and facilities.
The 1963 budget for the Institutes recommends a significant increase
for research project grants and for the support of clinical research
centers, and pro^ddes for the training of additional technical man-
power with increased emphasis on skills needed in mental health work.
The estimated increase of more than $100 million in expenditures in
1963 will provide for an expansion of the Institutes' programs con-
sistent with sound planning and competing demands in other health
programs and other scientific fields. These activities will be aug-
mented under the proposed legislation to create a National Institute
of Child Health and Human Development and a National Institute
of General Medical Sciences within the National Institutes of Health.
The 1963 budget includes funds for the legislation proposed to the
last session of the Congress to authorize Federal grants to assist in
construction of new medical, dental, osteopathic, and public health
schools. This legislation would also provide scholarships for stu-
dents and would extend for three additional years the Federal pro-
gram of matching grants for constniction of health research facilities.
Federal expenditures for hospital construction are estimated to
reach an all-time high of $196 million during 1963 as the large volume
of projects for which appropriations were enacted in prior years
reaches the construction stage.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
89
HEALTH. LABOR. AND WELFARE
[Fiscal years. In millions]
Program or agency
Budget
expenditures
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Recom-
mended
new obli-
gational
authority
for 1963
Health services and research:
National Institutes of Health:
Research and training
Grants for construction of health research facilities
Proposed legislation for medical education assistance
Hospital construction activities
G)mmunity and environmental health.
Grants for construction of waste treatment facilities
Other
Labor and manpower:
Temporary extended unemployment compensation
Repayable advances to unemployment trust fund...
Unemployment compensation for Federal employees and
ex-servicemen
Other
Proposed legislation:
Manpower development and training
Youth employment opportunities
Public assistance:
Present programs.
Proposed legislation:
Public welfare improvement
Assistance to Cuban refugees
Other welfare services:
School lunch and special milk programs:
Present programs..
Proposed legislation
Vocational rehabilitation:
Present programs
Proposed legislation for vocational rehabilitation for
peacetime ex-servicemen..
Military service credits:
Payment to OASDI trust funds
Proposed legislation for payment to railroad retirement
account
Other
$420
22
160
70
44
222
511
49
171
78
2.170
241
70
15
Total.
4.244
$603
25
176
113
45
250
359
-55
144
97
2,574
274
83
18
$711
30
9
196
134
55
273
131
106
60
60
2.692
4.708
5.105
$780
50
34
176
148
90
296
131
111
100
75
2.699
93
93
42
45
271
275
20
20
96
101
11
11
79
79
16
16
23
17
15.348
' Compares with new obligational authority of $4,681 million enacted for 1961 and $5,203 million
(including $248 million in anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.
90 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Population and industrial growth with accompanying technological
advances continue to place ever-increasing consumer protection re-
sponsibilities on the Food and Drug Administration. The 1963
budget provides for a 25% increase in the staff of the agency, to
permit an increase in all phases of the agency's consumer protection
activities, with particular attention to health hazards resulting from
the use of pesticides on food crops, and strengthened enforcement
activities relating to the manufacture and sale of drugs.
The Public Health Service, as part of its expanding community
health activities, will provide substantially increased assistance to
the States in the improvement of diagnostic laboratory sei^vices, in-
crease research in health practice and medical economics, and initiate a
venereal disease eradication program. Increased emphasis is pro-
vided for health services to the chronically ill and aged, including
expanded grants to States and localities. The budget also provides
for expanded research on the environmental health problems of air
and water pollution and radiation exposure, and expanded monitoring
and surveillance of radiological fallout. To carry out the provisions
of the Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1961, the budget
provides for strengthening Federal enforcement activities, expanding
river basin studies, initiating construction of water pollution labora-
tories, and increasing grants to States and communities for construc-
tion of waste treatment works.
Labor and manpower. — Budget expenditures in 1963 for labor
and manpower programs are expected to be $191 million less than in
1962, principally because of the termination of temporary extended
unemployment compensation. Permanent improvements in the un-
employment compensation system are again proposed, including a
permanent system of extended unemployment benefits ; these improve-
ments are to be financed through the unemployment trust fund.
The need for retraining workers who have no market for their
present skills exists across the Nation. Accordingly, the budget pro-
vides for the manpower development and training bill submitted last
year to authorize on-the-job training and instruction in vocational
schools for unemployed workers. A start on meeting this need in
areas suffering from persistent unemployment has been made under
the area redevelopment program.
Among youth, especially those who have dropped out of school pre-
maturely, the already serious problem of finding jobs will be aggra-
vated considerably in the next few years by the rising influx of young
people into the labor market. Funds are included in the 1963 budget
for the youth employment opportunities bill recommended last year
to provide a 3-year program of experimental projects for training of
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 91
youth in local works projects, in conservation camps, and in on-the-job
training positions.
The budget also proposes a stren^hening of the Department of
Labor so that it can give concerted attention to analysis of national
manpower requirements and resources, and provides for a continued
expjinsion of the United States Employment Service financed by trust
fund expenditures.
Social insurance and welfare. — The 1963 budget provides for
further improvements in Federal social insurance and welfare pro-
grams, which provide income to an average of 28 million beneficiaries.
Social insurance. — Major economic security programs are oper-
ated through trust funds, outside of the regular budget: old-age,
survivors, and disability insurance; the railroad retirement and Fed-
eral retirement systems; and unemployment insurance. These trust
funds are financed from Federal taxes on employers or employees or
through special contributions. During 1963, it is expected that an
average of 21 million beneficiaries will receive benefits, of which
nearly two-thirds will be retired pei-sons. The tiiist fund expendi-
tures, mainly for benefit payments, are estimated to total $21.6 billion
in 1963.
A major risk not yet provided for through social insurance is the
cost of medical care, particularly for the aged who experience a high
incidence of costly sickness in a period of life when incomes and
resources are typically scanty. The estimates in this budget provide
for the legislation which is again recommended to broaden the social
security system to include health insurance for the aged.
Public assistance. — Expenditures in 1963 for public assistance to
aid the aged, blind, disabled, medically indigent, and dependent
children are estimated at $2.8 billion. Federal expenditures for pub-
lic assistance benefits and services under existing programs in 1963
will constitute about three-fifths of the estimated total Federal-
State-local outlays of $4.6 billion for these purposes. These outlays
will help provide aid to a monthly average of 6.6 million needy
Americans, and, in addition, help meet medical and hospital expenses
for more than 700,000 medically indigent aged persons during the
year.
A careful review of the experience in the public assistance pro-
grams since they were instituted on a Federal-State basis in 1935
indicates that money payments are not the only measures needed to
combat the problem of want and human neglect for many families
and individuals on the welfare rolls, particularly those receiving aid
for dependent chihlten. The Secretary of Health, Education, and
92 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Welfare has therefore begun to redirect and reorganize the public
assistance programs by introducing and augmenting services to over-
come and prevent dependency. The 1963 budget recommendations
include provision for expenses arising from the Secretary's adminis-
trative action and for extension of present temporary programs,
largely for children of the unemployed. In addition, expenditures of
$93 million are estimated for proposed legislation to stimulate and
improve services to reduce dependency and provide for related im-
provements in benefits, including authority for increased grants for
child welfare services.
The 1963 budget includes $42 million in estimated expenditures by
the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare for assistance to
Cuban refugees under legislation now pending before the Congress
for refugee assistance programs.
Other welfare services. — The 1963 budget for vocational rehabilita-
tion provides Federal appropriations to match fully all the State
funds which are estimated to be available for this purpose. During
1963 the Federal-State vocational rehabilitation programs are ex-
pected to return approximately 110,000 persons to gainful employ-
ment; the number of persons aided has increased each year since
1954. In addition, the budget includes $11 million for proposed
legislation to authorize vocational rehabilitation for severely disabled
peacetime ex-servicemen at Federal expense through the Federal-State
system.
Grants to the States through the school lunch and special milk pro-
grams of the Department of Agriculture are estimated to increase in
1963 by $17 million over 1962. The estimate includes the cost of leg-
islation to amend the National School Lunch Act to provide a more
equitable formula for the distribution of cash assistance to the States
and also to provide a statutory basis for the direction of increased
assistance to particularly needy areas and schools.
The railroad retirement system is confronted with a substantial
actuarial deficiency and the railroad unemployment system also has
had to borrow substantial funds in recent years. The administration
is giving intensive attention to means of placing these programs on
a solvent basis.
The Federal (government is required to reimburse the railroad
retirement system for military service credits to railroad workers
who were in the Armed Forces. Present law requires the Govern-
ment to pay both the employers' and employees' taxes for such credits
on behalf of many former railroad workers who did not return to
railroad employment after military service and who therefore will not
qualify for railroad retirement benefits. It also requires payments
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 93
botli to the railroad retirement account and to the OASDI trust
funds for the same military service benefits. Legislation to provide
a revised basis for financing such military service credits will be sub-
mitted shortly and the budget includes $16 million to finance the first-
year payment to the railroad retirement account.
This budget also includes $79 million for the first of seven annual
installments of appropriations to meet the Federal Government's $550
million obligation to reimburse the OASDI trust funds for the added
cost of past benefits based on military service credits. Such noncon-
tributory credits were authorized to provide social security insurance
coverage on assumed earnings of $160 a month for all servicemen who
served in the Armed Forces from September 16, 1940, through De-
cember 31, 1956.
EDUCATION
The new and expanded programs for education proposed in the
1963 budget represent an important step toward the goal of giving
every young American the opportunity for the best education com-
mensurate with his abilities.
Today, two out of every five youths are dropping out of school be-
fore completing high school. A significant part of our present man-
power problems can be traced to inadequate education and training.
One out of every 16 workers is unemployed while the Nation
has shortages of scientists, teachei-s, physicians, nurses, many skilled
craftsmen, and other categories of professional and trained workers.
Pupil enrollments are expected to increase by approximately 30%
from 1960 to 1970, including a doubling of enrollments in colleges
where the cost of education per student is several times the cost of
elementary and secondary education. To provide the necessary edu-
cational facilities, to raise the salaries of the teaching profession, to
improve the quality of instruction, and to provide necessary student
aid for able college students will require that total national outlays
for education be increased by more than three- fourths during this
decade. Expenditures for higher education alone will have to rise at
even a faster rate.
Although Federal expenditures for education are rising, they of
course represent only a small proportion of total national outlays
for education. Expenditures for education programs are estimated
to be $1.5 billion in 1963, an increase of $327 million over 1962. The
new obligational authority of $2.4 billion represents an increase of
$1.1 billion.
Aid to elementary and secondary education. — To help overcome
severe shortages of teachers and facilities and provide high quality
instruction in the elementary and secondary schools, the budget pro-
94
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
vides for the legislation recommended last year. This legislation pro-
poses a 3-year progi'am to provide $2.1 billion in Federal grants for
teachers' salaries and educational facilities on the basis of each State's
public school enrollment and per capita income, provided that a
State's own effort or contribution is maintained or increased.
EDUCATION
[Fiscal years. In millionsl
Program or agency
Budget
expenditures
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Recom-
mended
new obli-
gational
authority
for 1963
Assistance for elementary and secondary education:
Proposed legislation:
Aid to public elementary and secondary education
Improvement in educational quality
Assistance to schools in federally affected areas:
Present programs
Proposed legislation
Defense education science, mathematics, and foreign lan-
guage instruction and other assistance
Assistance for higher education:
College housing loans
Proposed legislation for aid to higher education
Defense education student loans, fellowships, and other
assistance
Assistance for land-grant colleges, Howard University, and
Gallaudet College
Assistance to science education and basic research:
National Science Foundation:
Basic research
Science education
Other aid to education:
Vocational education:
Promotion of vocational education
Area vocational education (National Defense Educa-
tion Act)
Other defense education assistance
Indian education services --.
Library of Congress and Smithsonian Institution. -.
Other..
Total.
$279
54
198
943
$291
66
250
100
29
124
74
1,143
$90
40
290
-36
73
375
21
118
28
164
93
,470
$600
120
287
-58
87
300
332
119
29
247
111
42
15
8
83
38
35
12.396
> Compares with new obligational authority of $1,333 million enacted for 1961 and $1,278 millinn
(including $16 million in anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.
In the last several years, teacher training institutes, research proj-
ects, and course content improvement studies financed by the National
Science Foundation and the Office of Education have revealed poten-
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 95
tialities for rapid improvement in the quality of education, both in
the elementary and secondary schools and in the colleges, through
supplementary training of teachers and the use of improved teaching
media, techniques, and curricula. Legislation is being requested to
extend the scope of this work through a new program of grants
by the Office of Education for improving the quality of education.
The budget for 1963 includes $120 million in new obligational authority
and estimated expenditures of $40 million for this purpose.
Assistance to schools in federally affected areas. — Federal grants are
provided for construction of classrooms and for operating expenses
in school districts in which enrollments are significantly increased as
a result of Federal employment. The 1963 budget includes appropria-
tions of $229 million for these programs, reflecting the estimated effect
of previously proposed legislation to reduce grants to localities for
children whose parents work on Federal property but live on taxable
property.
Defense education frogram. — Expenditures under the National De-
fense Education Act are estimated to increase $27 million over 1962,
principally for student loans and laboratory equipment grants. This
program has contributed to improvement of education at both elemen-
tary and higher levels.
At the elementary-secondary level, the Federal Government by the
end of 1963 will have shared in the costs of nearly $400 million worth
of science, mathematics, and foreign language laboratory equipment.
It also will have helped approximately 15,500 elementary and second-
ary school teachers to participate in foreign language teaching insti-
tutes, and about 14,000 secondary school counselors to benefit from
special training programs.
In aids to higher education, the Act has provided about 495,000 loans
to college students between 1959 and 1962, with another 190,000 loans
estimated to be made in 1963. By the end of 1963, 7,000 graduate
fellowships will have been awarded to expand graduate programs for
training of college teachers, and approximately 3,500 individuals will
have received advanced training in foreign area and language studies.
Aid to higher education. — The Office of Education has estimated
that in order to accommodate the expected doubling of college enroll-
ments between 1960 and 1970, the average rate of construction would
have to proceed a( moro than double the rate acliieved in the last
10 years.
96 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Last year, the Congress enacted legislation extending the college
housing loan program for 4 years and authorizing $300 million a
year in new loans. The budget provides for legislation recommended
last year to authorize a similar long-term low-interest loan program
for academic facilities ; this proposal would authorize $300 million in
loans each year for 5 years for the construction and modernization of
college classrooms, laboratories, libraries, and related facilities. The
proposal would also authorize a total of 212,500 4-year scholarships,
including 25,000 in the first year, for able college students who need
financial aid.
Assistance to science education and hasic research. — Expenditures
by the National Science Foundation for the support of science are
estimated to be $257 million in 1963. Of this total, $164 million is for
the support of basic research and research facilities, an increase of $40
million over 1962 largely for basic research projects in colleges and
universities and for research facilities, including matching grants to
improve graduate research laboratories.
Expenditures of $93 million by the Foundation for science educa-
tion will provide a $19 million increase over 1962 chiefly for graduate
fellowships, matching grants to improve instructional laboratory
equipment in colleges and universities, and for course content
improvement projects to strengthen curricula in science and
mathematics.
0 titer aid to education. — This budget provides for modest improve-
ments in vocational education programs. A new program is being
recommended to reduce adult illiteracy through development and
support of State literacy programs, special training for teachers, and
development of teaching materials and methods.
VETERANS BENEFITS AND SERVICES "
Budget expenditures in 1963 for veterans programs are estimated
to be $274 million less than in 1962. This net decrease results prin-
cipally from the planned sale of $250 million in mortgage notes
received by the Veterans Administration from the sale of properties
acquired in the housing loan guarantee program and the payment in
1962 of $48 million in special dividends to holders of life insurance
policies issued to veterans of the Korean conflict.
Veterans programs, involving payments to about 41^ million bene-
ficiaries each month, are characterized by an increasing proportion of
expenditures devoted to pension and medical care benefits for needy
veterans with a corresponding decrease in the proportion for compen-
sation and readjustment benefits. Apart from the special factors
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
97
affecting the 1963 estimate, noted above, veterans expenditures in the
coming year will follow this longer run pattern.
Service-connected compensation. — Expenditures in 1963 for com-
pensation benefits are estimated to increase by $48 million over 1962.
The increase results from the proposed adjustment in disability com-
pensation rates which is estimated to require expenditures of $64
million in 1963. There will be an average of 2,357,000 cases involving
compensation payments for service-disabled veterans or survivors of
veterans in 1963, 16,000 less than in 1962, and 41,000 less than in 1961.
VETERANS BENEFITS AND SERVICES
(Fiscal years. In millions]
Program or agency
Budpet
expenditures
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Recom-
mended
new obli'
gational
authority
for 1963
Service-connected compensation:
Present program
Proposed legislation to raise rates
Non-service-connected pensions
Readjustment benefits:
Exlucation and training
Direct housing loans
Loan guarantee and other benefits
Hospitals and medical care:
Medical care and hospital services..
G>iutruction of hospitals
Medical administration, research, and other
Other veterans benefits and services:
Insurance and servicemen's indemnities
Burial smd other allowances
Veterans Administration general operating expenses and
other
$2,034
$2,009
,532
237
152
169
945
51
34
25
55
179
1.670
141
161
196
989
65
42
70
55
175
$1,993
64
1.784
84
150
-149
1,011
68
42
24
55
171
$1,993
64
1.784
84
200
7
1.018
76
42
33
55
170
Total.
5.414
5.572
5.298
» 5.526
' Compares with new obligational authority of $5,586 million enacted for |961 and $5,580
million (including $178 million in anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.
Non-service-connected pensions. — An increase of $114 million in ex-
penditures is estimated in 1963 for pensions, based on an expected
rise of 139,000 in pension caseloads. An average of 2,011,000 veterans
or survivors will receive pensions in 1963, compared to an estimated
1,872,000 in 1962 and 1,691,000 in 1961. These increases result in
part from the raising of income limitations and from the granting
of pension eligibility to survivors of veterans of World War II and
610000 O — 62 7
98 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
the Korean conflict by the Veterans Pension Act of 1959. In addi-
tion, World War I veterans continue to come on the rolls in large
numbers because of their advanced age. World War I veterans and
their survivors constitute the largest group on the pension rolls; by
1963, about half of the 2,400,000 living World War I veterans will
be receiving pensions.
ReadfustTnent henefits. — Expenditures for education and training
benefits are estimated to decline by $57 million from 1962 to 1963,
principally because of a reduction in the number of veterans of the
Korean conflict in training. Eight years have now elapsed since the
termination of hostilities in Korea and the great majority of those
veterans are well established in their civilian pursuits. The number
in training will average 52,000 in 1963, compared to 174,000 in 1961
and 98,000 in 1962.
Expenditures for direct housing loans to veterans in rural areas and
small towns are expected to decrease somewhat compared to 1962, but
approximately 25,000 loans will be made in each year.
Expenditures in 1963 for acquisition of properties and for payment
of claims on defaulted loans guaranteed by the Veterans Administra-
tion are estimated to decline from the unusually high levels of 1962
which were affected by the 1960-61 recession. The planned sale of
$250 million of mortgage notes in 1963 will cover these expenses
and in addition produce substantial excess receipts. The disposal of
these notes will reverse the trend toward accumulation of large num-
bers of housing mortgages from veterans and nonveterans which must
now be serviced by the Veterans Administration and will lead to
reductions in future administrative costs.
Hosplfah and medical care. — The budget includes expenditures of
$1,053 million for hospitals and medical care (including administra-
tion and research) in 1963, an increase of $22 million over 1962. This
increase will permit continued improvement in the quality of medical
care in the hospitals and clinics and further progress in activation of
a new hospital at Brecksville, Ohio. Hospital and domiciliary care
will be provided for an average of 141,900 beneficiaries per day in
Veterans Administration, contract, and State facilities, and for a total
of 3,628,000 visits by veterans to outpatient clinics or to private phy-
sicians paid by the Veterans Administration on a fee basis for services
to qualified veterans.
Hospital construction. — An appropriation of $76 million is pro-
posed for 1963, the third step in carrying out the $900 million 12-year
hospital modernization program initiated in 1961. Construction of
three replacement hospitals containing 2,380 beds will be begun in
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
99
1963, and planning will be initiated for two others. In addition, a
number of modernization projects will be undertaken, including $3
million for new medical research facilities.
Other veterans henefts and services. — A decrease in insurance and
indemnity expenditures is estimated in 1963, resulting from the com-
pletion of $10,000 indemnity payments to a number of survivors of
veterans deceased during the Korean conflict and from the fact that
1962 expenditures included $48 million in the form of special insurance
dividends distributed to policyholders under the Korean conflict vet-
erans life insurance program. The decline in expenditures for the
general operations of the Veterans Administration is based on reduc-
tions in workloads and continued improvements in productivity.
Veterans life insurance trust funds. — These trust funds involve
about 51/^ million life insurance policies issued to veterans of World
War I and World War II. Receipts are principally from premiums
and interest on investments, while expenditures are mainly for death
and disability claims and dividends. Trust fund expenditures are
estimated to decline from $749 million in 1962 to $674 million in
1963, mainly because the 1962 expenditures included special dividend
payments to help speed economic recovery from the 1960-61 recession.
INTEREST
Interest payments, predominantly on the public debt, account for
about 10% of estimated total budget expenditures in 1963.
IFijca
INTEREST
years. In millions)
Item
New obligational authority and
budget expenditures
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Interest on public debt. . .
$8,957
83
10
$8,900
88
10
$9,300
Interest on refunds of receipts
88
Interest on uninvested funds _ ,
10
Total -- -
9.050
8.998
9,398
Interest payments on the public debt are estimated to rise by $400
million in 1963, although the public debt at the end of fiscal 1963
will be slightly below the debt at the end of 1962. About half this
increase reflects the fact that outstanding debt bearing interest will
100 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
be about $5 billion higher on the average in 1963 than in the current
year. The remainder arises from the higher rates on obligations is-
sued recently to refinance maturing securities which were originally
issued when market rates of interest were lower.
GENERAL GOVERNMENT
Expenditures for the general administrative and law enforceiiieiit
activities of the legislative, judicial and executive branches of the
Federal Government are estimated at $2 billion, about 2% of total
1963 expenditures. The estimated increase of $117 million over 1962
expenditures is predominantly for improved administration of the
tax laws and for construction of Government buildings.
Legislative and judicial functions. — Construction of an additional
office building for the House of Representatives will be completed
during 1963. The 73 new judgeships authorized in the last session of
the Congress involve expenditure increases in both 1962 and 1963 for
added court personnel, space, and equipment.
Central fiscal operations. — An increase of $61 million in expendi-
tures is estimated for 1963 for the Internal Revenue Service under
existing laws, mainly to carry out the third step in a long-range pro-
gram to modernize the administration of the present tax laws. This
action is essential not only to close existing revenue gaps, but also to
encourage voluntary compliance by taxpayers. As part of the pro-
gram in 1963, automatic data processing equipment will be used in
tabulating many personal income tax returns, permitting a much more
thorough cross-checking of records. The extension of these improved
techniques to all returns in later years will permit better administra-
tion and still further increases in collections. An additional increase
of $19 million in expenditures is estimated for the Treasury Depart-
ment to carry out the proposals for withholding of taxes on interest
and dividend payments.
The Renegotiation Act, which provides for the recapture of excess
profits on certain Government contracts, expires on June 30, 1962.
An extension of this legislation is being proposed.
General property and records management. — Expenditures for con-
struction of new Government buildings, primarily financed by appro-
priations made in earlier years, are estimated at $186 million in 1963,
an increase of $42 million ever 1962; this amount includes site acqui-
sition and planning. The 1963 budget provides appropriations of
$192 million to enable the General Services Administration to meet
part of the accumulated needs for space required for efficient Govern-
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
101
ment operations. An increase of $18 million in expenditures is also
planned for repairs and improvements in existing buildings, including
alterations to provide new Federal court facilities.
GENERAL GOVERNMENT
[Fiscal years. In millions]
Program or agency
Budget
expenditures
Recom-
mended
new obli-
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
gational
authority
for 1963
Legislative functions
118
52
22
408
200
142
59
26
447
217
130
63
23
508
219
19
538
*
66
42
299
12
100
7
112
Judicial functions
64
Executive direction and management
25
Central fiscal operations:
Present programs:
Internal Revenue Service _ _
513
Other.
222
Administration of proposed withholding of taxes on
investment income. . .
20
General property and records management:
General Services Administration
352
19
66
74
279
10
74
35
465
9
67
40
292
11
84
51
549
Central Intelligence Agency building
Central personnel management:
Department of Labor
66
Civil Service Commission..
41
Protective services and alien control:
Department of Justice
303
Other
12
Other general government:
Territories and possessions
94
Claims and other
13
Total
1.709
1.910
2.027
1 2.035
'Less than one-half million dollars.
1 Compares with new obligational authority of $1,860 million enacted for 1961 and $1,979 million
(including —$27 million in anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.
Central personnel management. — Budget expenditures by the Civil
Service Commission in 1963 are estimated to be somewhat higher
than in the current year, but $32 million less than in 1961. Cost-of-
living increases enacted in 1958 for certain retired employees and
their survivors are now being paid from the civil service retire-
ment and disability trust fund pursuant to Public Law 87-114, ap-
proved July 31, 1961. Accordingly, rescission of the $45 million appro-
priation enacted for 1962 for this purpose is recommended.
An adequate long-range financial plan should be established for
the civil service retirement system, which provides survivorship,
disability, and retirement protection for more than 2 million Federal
102 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
employees. Legislation lias been proposed: (1) to continue the
present policy under which employing agencies match current con-
tributions by employees; (2) to provide that the net accumulated
employee contributions be fully maintained in the fund at all times;
and (3) to authorize a permanent indefinite appropriation which may
be used at any future time as necessary to permit benefits to be paid
as stipulated by law without reducing the fund below this minimum
level.
Protective services and alien control. — Expenditures for investiga-
tive activities of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and for the liti-
gation carried on by the Department of Justice are estimated to rise
by $7 million in 1963, largely because of increased efforts to enforce
the income tax laws and the special campaign against racketeering
and organized crime recently intensified by the Attorney General.
Prison population continues to rise, reflecting in part a trend
toward increased length of sentences. An appropriation request of
$57 million for the Federal Prison System includes funds necessary
to provide a site and plans for a new psychiatric prison institution.
This will be the first step in a new 10-year program to provide
facilities of the types and in the locations most urgently required.
Territories and possessions. — Increased appropriations are recom-
mended for 1963 to carry forward the program launched last year
for development of American Samoa and to expand the similar pro-
gram for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
103
Table 13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY
FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)
Description
NEW OBLIGATIONAL
AUTHORITY
EXPENDITURES
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
050 NATIONAL DEFENSE
051 Department of Defense, military
functions:
Military personnel
11.778
10.702
11.716
6.033
1.061
13.018
11.870
15.893
6.283
959
255
13.230
11.609
16.445
6.843
1.318
695
12.085
10.611
13.095
6.131
1.605
""-360"
13.250
11.595
14.836
6.039
1.250
140
-260
13.415
Operation and maintenance
11 511
Procurement .
15 356
Research, development, test, and evalu-
ation
Military construction
Civil defense . . .
6.650
1.189
350
Revolving and management funds.
30
-171
Total 051 -
41.321
48.278
50.140
43.227
46.850
48 300
057 Military assistance:
Department of Defense — Military
058 Atomic energy :
Atomic Energy Commission
1,785
2.781
1.600
2.647
1.500
2.987
1.449
2.713
1.400
2,830
1.400
2.880
059 Defense-related services:
Elxecutive Office of the President
Funds Appropriated to the President. . .
52
7
50
-12
--
35
33
9
35
16
*
36
36
2
Department of Health. Education, and
Welfare
35
41
31
Treasury Department. ..
*
General Services Administration
Other independent agencies: Selective
Service System .._
22
33
40
37
38
38
40
37
Total 059
107
119
118
104
132
110
Total, national defense
45.994
52.644
54.744
47.494
51,212
52.690
150 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
AND FINANCE
151 Conduct of foreign affairs:
Department of State..
241
1
3
347
1
3
2
252
74
3
6
213
*
3
385
1
3
2
245
Other independent agencies:
Foreign Claims Settlement Commis-
sion ... -
11
Tariff Commission
3
United States Arms Control and Dis-
armament Agency
5
Total 151.
244
353
336
216
390
264
152 Economic and financial assistance:
Funds Appropriated to the President
Department of Agriculture
2.720
115
4.516
461
3.582
300
18
1.879
199
9
*
1
37
2.117
281
10
2.409
300
Department of Commerce
14
Department of Defense — Civil . .
Department of State.
1
1
14
1
-101
13
Other independent agencies: Export-
Import Bank of Washington
-225
TotalI52
2.836
4.978
3.914
2.126
2.308
2.510
See footnotes at end of table.
104
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table 13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY
FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)-Continued
Description
NEW OBLIGATIONAL
AUTHORITY
EXPENDITURES
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
153 Foreign information and exchange
activities :
Department of State _ .
43
132
42
141
65
158
37
121
50
147
63
Other independent agencies: United
States Infonnation Agency.
159
Total 153
175
183
223
158
197
222
Total, international affairs and
finance .... .
3.256
964
3.315
5.514
1.828
5.129
4.473
3.787
4,381
2.500
744
3.801
2.896
1.300
5.081
2,996
2,400
250 SPACE RESEARCH AND TECH-
NOLOGY
251 Space research and technology:
National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration.
350 AGRICULTURE AND AGRI-
CULTURAL RESOURCES
351 Farm income support and production
adjustment:
Department of Agriculture
4.585
352 Financing farm ownership and oper-
ation:
Department of Agriculture. . .
500
3
371
3
45
3
353
-3
158
-2
198
Other independent agencies: Farm
Credit Administration
*
Total 352
503
320
398
373
418
422
48
354
432
349
301
397
156
330
420
198
353 Financing rural electrification and
rural telephones:
Department of Agriculture..
234
354 Agricultural land and water re-
sources:
Department of Agriculture . .
438
355 Research and other agricultural
services:
Funds Appropriated to the President . _
1
323
4
352
Department of Agriculture
359
361
383
380
Total 355
359
361
383
324
356
380
Total, agriculture and agricultural
resources . . :
4.895
6.701
5.598
5.173
6.343
5.836
400 NATURAL RESOURCES
401 Land and water resources:
Department of Defense — Civil . . .
936
428
12
974
466
16
*
9
1
1
38
1.022
568
15
*
11
1
---
926
414
5
-.
1
I
39
958
453
14
*
9
1
1
78
1.010
Department of the Interior . .
527
Department of State
18
Other independent agencies:
Delaware River Basin Commission
*
Federal Power Commission
8
2
1
21
11
U.S. Study Commission — Southeast
River Basins
1
U.S. Study Commission — Texas
Tennessee Valley Authority
63
Total 401
1.407
1.505
1.652
1.394
1,515
1.630
See footnotes at end of table.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
105
Table 13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY
FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollar8)-Continued
Description
NEW OBLIGATIONAL
AUTHORITY
EXPENDITURES
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
402 Forest resources:
Department of Agriculture
323
16
306
15
236
16
315
16
279
15
281
Department of the Interior. . . _
16
Total 402..
339
63
320
82
251
100
331
61
294
68
297
403 Mineral resources:
Department of the Interior .
92
404 Fish and wildlife resources:
Department of Defense — Civil.. .
*
74
2
*
88
2
*
100
2
*
71
2
*
79
2
*
Department of the Interior
98
Department of State
2
Total 404 . .
76
90
103
73
81
100
405 Recreational resources:
Department of the I nterior
94
1
114
1
94
90
1
96
1
110
Other independent agencies: Outdoor
Recreation Resources Review Com-
mission
*
Total 405
95
57
115
61
94
72
91
55
97
63
110
409 General resource surveys and ad-
ministration:
Department of the Interior
68
Total natural resources
2.038
2.172
2.272
2.006
2.117
2.298
500 COMMERCE AND TRANSPOR-
TATION
501 Aviation:
Department of Commerce
*
638
78
*
708
83
«
Federal Aviation Agency
690
80
730
85
791
86
781
Other independent agencies: Civil Aero-
nautics Board .
85
Total 501..
771
815
877
716
791
866
502 Water transportation:
Department of Commerce
323
301
255
282
8
276
2
351
15
279
2
359
Department of Defense — Civil
10
Treasury Department
281
298
308
292
Other independent agencies: St. Law-
rence Seaway Development Corp.. . .
*
Total 502
604
36
895
599
36
867
563
41
265
569
36
914
646
39
853
662
503 Highways:
Department of Commerce
44
505 Postal service:
Post Office Department
261
506 Advancement of business:
Department of Commerce
206
283
307
168
*
*
202
*
15
250
272
Department of the Interior
-I
Other independent agencies:
Alaska International Rail and High-
way Commission. .. . .
*
Interstate Commerce Commission
15
267
Small Business Administration
56
306
103
222
Total 506
262
565
613
271
466
493
See footnotes at end of table.
106
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table 13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY
FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
NEW OBLIGATIONAL
AUTHORITY
EXPENDITURES
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
507 Area redevelopment:
Department of Commerce
300
171
64
44
122
508 Regulation of business:
Department of Commerce
Department of Justice
3
5
8
14
3
6
9
13
2
10
22
11
3
6
10
13
3
12
23
13
3
5
8
12
..
22
9
3
6
9
14
2
10
22
11
3
6
Other independent agencies:
Civil Aeronautics Board
Federal Communications Commission,
Federal Maritime Commission ..
10
13
3
Federal Trade Commission .
8
21
10
]]
Interstate Commerce Commission
Securities and Exchange Commission. _
23
13
Total 508
69
76
83
67
76
82
Total, commerce and transportation.
2.937
3.129
2.507
2.573
2.915
2.531
550 HOUSING AND COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
551 Aids to private housing:
Housing and Home Finance Agency
Other independent agencies: Federal
Home Loan Bank Board .
931
325
301
-9
-35
247
-239
333
-270
Total 551
931
159
2.910
325
180
51
301
200
183
-44
150
162
8
166
277
63
552 Public housing:
Housing and Home Finance Agency
553 Urban renewal and community
facilities:
Housing and Home Finance Agency
193
482
555 National Capital area:
Other independent agencies:
Commission of Fine Arts
*
*
*
1
*
81
*
*
*
1
2
62
*
*
*
2
6
63
*
*
*
1
*
50
*
*
*
2
2
90
*
Interstate Commission on the Po-
tomac River Basin
National Capital Housing Authority-
National Capital Planning Commis-
sion
National Capital Transportation
Agency
District of Columbia
*
*
3
6
85
Total 555
82
65
71
51
94
94
Total, housing and community de-
velopment.
4.082
1,129
621
1.467
755
1.575
320
938
545
1.213
832
650 HEALTH, LABOR, AND WEL-
FARE
651 Health services and research:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare...
1.408
See footnotes at end q/ table.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
107
TabU
13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY
FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
NEW OBLIGATIONAL
AUTHORITY
EXPENDITURES
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
652 Labor and manpower:
Executive Office of the President
Department of the Interior .
*
7
1.007
I
*
4
18
2
20
*
7
575
*
8
381
*
7
764
1
*
4
18
1
13
*
7
495
*
7
Department of Labor. ..
320
Treasury Department
Other independent agencies:
Federal Coal Mine Safety Board of
Review. .. .
*
5
19
2
10
*
5
20
2
*
4
19
2
17
*
Federal Mediation and Conciliation
Service
5
National Labor Relations Board
National Mediation Board... ..
20
2
Railroad Retirement Board
Total 652
1.060
618
417
809
545
354
653 Public assistance:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
2,180
2,547
2.837
2,170
2,574
2.827
654 Other welfare services:
Funds Appropriated to the President
21
446
104
" "295"
208
16
7
241
78
8
274
94
8
Department of Agriculture . .
230
82
291
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
201
Other independent agencies: Railroad
Retirement Board
16
Total 654
312
571
519
326
376
516
Total, health, labor, and welfare
700 EDUCATION
701 Assistance for elementary and
secondary education:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
4,681
367
5.203
373
5.348
1.036
4.244
332
4,708
357
5,105
457
702 Assistance for higher education:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare .
Housing and Home Finance Agency
102
500
148
300
480
300
88
198
129
250
167
375
Total 702
602
176
448
263
780
358
286
143
379
199
541
703 Assistance to science education and
basic research:
Other independent agencies: National
Science Foundation
257
704 Other aids to education:
Legislative Branch.. ..
16
82
67
24
17
89
72
16
19
100
83
20
15
79
66
21
17
86
68
36
19
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare ..
92
Department of the Interior
Other independent agencies: Smith-
sonian I nstitution
81
24
Total 704
188
194
221
181
208
215
Total education
1.333
1.278
2,396
943
1.143
1.470
See footnotes at end of table.
108
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table 13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY
FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Detcription
NEW OBLIGATIONAL
AUTHORITY
EXPENDITURES
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
800 VETERANS BENEFITS AND
SERVICES
801 Veterans service-connected com-
pensation:
Veterans Administration
2.034
1.713
494
1.064
2.009
1.457
731
1.114
2.058
1.784
292
1.136
2.034
1.532
559
1.030
2.009
1.670
498
1.095
2.058
802 Veterans non-service-connected pen-
sions:
Veterans Administration
1,784
803 Veterans readjustment benefits:
Veterans Administration
804 Veterans hospitals and medical care:
Veterans Administration
85
1,121
805 Other veterans benefits and services:
Department of Defense — Civil
Department of Labor.
9
1
269
I
10
1
257
1
10
1
245
2
10
1
246
2
10
1
287
2
11
1
Veterans Administration
237
Other independent agencies: American
Battle Monuments Commission.
2
Total 805
280
269
258
259
299
250
Total, veterans benefits and serv-
ices
5.586
5.580
5.526
5.414
5.572
5.298
850 INTEREST
851 Interest on the public debt:
Treasury Department ..
8.957
83
10
8.900
88
10
9.300
88
10
8.957
83
10
8.900
88
10
9.300
852 Interest on refunds of receipts:
Treasury Department
88
853 Interest on uninvested funds:
Treasury Department . .
10
Total, interest
9.050
108
8.998
107
9.398
112
9.050
118
8.998
142
9.398
900 GENERAL GOVERNMENT
901 Legislative functions:
LegisI ative Branch
130
902 Judicial functions:
The Judiciary .. .
53
*
59
*
63
52
*
59
*
63
Other independent agencies: Indian
Claims Commission
*
Total 902
53
60
64
52
59
63
903 Executive direction and manage-
ment:
Executive Office of the President ^..
Funds Appropriated to the President
Treasury Department
20
1
1
22
1
1
23
1
2
20
1
1
23
2
1
20
1
2
Total 903
22
24
25
22
26
23
See footnotes at end of table.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
109
Table 13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY
FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
NEW OBLIGATIONAL
AUTHORITY
EXPENDITURES
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
904 Central fiscal operations:
Treasury Department
579
42
3
2
620
43
3
2
708
44
2
2
562
41
3
2
617
43
3
2
697
Other independent agencies:
General Accounting Office
44
Renegotiation Board ..
3
Tax Court of the United States
2
Total 904
626
667
756
607
664
745
905 General property and records man-
agement:
General Services Administration
Other independent agencies: Central
Intelligence Agency
490
569
549
352
19
465
9
538
*
Total 905-...
490
569
549
372
474
539
906 Central personnel management:
Department of Labor.
66
74
68
47
66
41
66
74
67
40
66
Other independent agencies: Civil
Service Commission
42
Total906
140
115
107
140
107
108
908 Protective services and alien control :
Department of Justice .
292
9
*
1
*
291
9
*
1
*
303
10
1
1
*
279
9
*
1
*
292
9
*
1
*
299
Treasury Department
10
Other independent agencies:
Civil Service Commission
*
Commission on Civil Rights . .
1
Subversive Activities Control Board. .
*
Total 908
303
302
316
289
303
311
910 Other general government:
Legislative Branch
4
6
33
20
55
*
*
5
6
30
24
70
*
*
5
3
34
33
32
*
*
*
6
28
21
54
*
*
2
6
32
25
70
*
*
-1
Funds Appropriated to the President
Departm ent of Defense — Civil .
3
40
Department of the Interior.
33
Treasury Department
32
Other independent agencies:
Advisory Commission on Intergovern-
mental Relations
*
Historical and memorial commissions..
*
Total 910
119
135
107
109
135
108
Total, general government
Allowances for pay adjustments and con-
tingencies
1.860
1.979
100
2.035
462
1.709
1.910
75
2.027
350
Subtotal
86.675
95,748
99.303
82.169
654
89.732
656
93.230
Deduct interfund transactions
693
Total
86.675
95.748
99.303
81.515
89.075
92.537
*Less than one-half million dollars.
Note. — This table summarizes by functional category the information on new obligational
authority and expenditures which is shown in more detail on an agency basis on pages 118 to 266.
110
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table 14. BUDGET EXPENDITURES,
1953-60
(in mi
llions of dollars)
Description
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I960
050 National defense:
05 1 Department of Defense
military functions: '
Military personnel
Operation and mainte-
nance
Procurement
Research, development,
test, and evaluation
Military construction
Revolving and manage-
ment funds
12,179
10,028
17,297
2,148
1,937
15
11.643
9.162
15,957
2,187
1,744
-367
11,403
7,931
12.838
2.261
1.715
-617
11.582
8.400
12.227
2.101
2,079
-598
11,409
9,487
13,488
2,406
1.968
-323
11,611
9.761
14,083
2.504
1.753
-643
11.801
10.378
14.409
2.866
1.948
-179
11,738
10.223
13.334
4.710
1.626
-416
Total, Department of
Defense — military
functions
057 Military assistance
058 Atomic energy
059 Defense-related serv-
ices
43,604
3.954
1,791
1,093
40,326
3.629
1.895
1.136
35.531
2.292
1.857
1.015
35.791
2.611
1.651
670
38.436
2.352
1.990
582
39,070
2,187
2,268
708
41.223
2.340
2.541
387
41.215
1.609
2.623
244
Total, national defense.
50.442
46.986
40.695
40.723
43.360
44,234
46.491
45.691
150 International affairs and
finance:
151 Conduct of foreign
affairs
150
1.960
106
130
1.511
91
121
1.960
100
129
1,613
111
157
1.683
133
173
1,910
149
237
3.403
139
217
1 52 Economic and financial
assistance
1,477
153 Foreign information
and exchange activities.. .
137
Total, international
affairs and finance...
2.216
1.732
2.181
1,853
1.973
2,231
3.780
1,832
250 Space research and tech-
nology:
251 Space research and
technology ..
79
90
74
71
76
89
145
401
350 Agriculture and agricul-
tural resources:
351 Farm income support
and production ad-
justment -
2.125
128
239
319
142
1.689
272
217
252
142
3.486
236
204
290
173
3,900
232
217
305
215
3.430
248
267
374
227
4,
3.284
269
297
315
255
5,297
311
315
376
291
3.602
352 Financing farm owner-
ship and operation...
353 Financing rural electri-
fication and rural
telephones
354 Agricultural land and
water resources
355 Research and other
agricultural services..
289
330
368
293
Total, agriculture and
agricultural resources.
2.955
2.573
4.388
4,868
4.546
4.419
6.590
4.882
See footnotes at end of table.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
111
Table 14. BUDGET EXPENDITURES, 1953-60 (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I960
400 Natural resources:
401 Land and water re-
sources
1.235
107
38
34
30
34
1.056
117
37
38
33
35
935
119
37
43
35
34
804
139
38
45
44
36
925
163
62
51
59
38
1.139
174
59
60
69
44
1,184
201
71
68
85
61
1.235
402 Forest resources
403 Mineral resources
404 Fish and wildlife re-
sources ._
220
65
68
405 Recreational resources,
409 General resource sur-
veys and administra-
tion
74
51
Total, natural resources.
1.478
1,317
1,203
1.105
1.298
1.544
1,670
1.714
500 Commerce and transpor-
tation:
501 Aviation
502 Water transportation. .
503 Highways
161
455
572
659
-58
186
370
586
312
-281
179
349
647
356
-343
180
420
783
463
5
219
365
40
518
127
315
392
31
674
170
*
49
494
436
30
774
226
568
508
38
505 Postal service
525
506 Advancement of busi-
ness . ..
265
508 Regulation of business.
137
45
38
41
45
58
59
Total, commerce and
transportation
1,926
1,219
1.225
1.892
1.313
1.631
2,017
1.963
550 Housing and community
development:
55 1 Aids to private housing.
552 Public housing
553 Urban renewal and
community facilities
555 National Capital area..
310
29
45
12
-277
-401
37
14
174
-116
56
22
-67
31
4
23
-254
60
49
27
-126
51
78
26
732
97
108
33
-172
134
130
30
Total, housing and com-
munity development..
396
-628
136
-10
-118
30
970
122
650 Health, labor, and wel-
fare:
65 1 Health services and re-
search
318
248
1.332
155
288
247
1.439
148
271
321
1.428
145
342
479
1.457
184
461
397
1.558
216
540
488
1.797
234
700
924
1,969
284
815
652 Labor and manpower..
653 Public assistance
654 Other welfare services.
510
2.061
304
Total, health, labor, and
welfare
2.052
2.122
2,165
2.462
2.632
3,059
3.877
3.690
700 Education:
701 Assistance for elemen-
tary and secondary educa-
tion
201
24
4
91
184
44
6
91
215
43
11
109
181
44
20
98
174
110
46
108
189
178
50
124
259
225
106
141
327
702 Assistance for higher
education. .
261
703 Assistance to science
education and basic re-
search
120
704 Other aid to education.
156
Total, education.
320
326
377
343
437
541
732
866
See footnotes at end of table.
112
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table 14. BUDGET EXPENDITURES,
1953-60 (in millions of dollars) — Continued
Description
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I960
800 Veterans benefits and
semces:
801 Veterans service-con-
nected compensation
802 Veterans nonservice-
connected pensions..
803 Veterans readjustment
benefits..
1.713
644
867
757
388
1.731
700
789
782
339
1.829
801
879
727
286
1.864
884
944
788
331
1.876
951
977
801
266
2,024
1.036
1,026
856
242
2.071
1,153
864
921
280
2,049
1.263
725
804 Veterans hospitals and
medical care
805 Other veterans bene-
fits and services
961
266
Total, veterans bene-
fits and services
4.368
4.341
4.522
4.810
4.870
5.184
5,287
5.266
850 Interest:
851 Interest on the public
debt
6.504
70
5
6.382
83
5
6.370
62
5
6.787
54
6
7,244
57
6
7,607
74
8
7.593
69
9
9.180
852 Interest on refunds of
receipts
76
853 Interest on uninvested
funds. ...
10
Total, interest
6.578
6.470
6.438
6.846
7.307
7,689
7.671
9.266
900 General government:
901 Legislative functions...
902 Judicial functions
903 Executive direction
and management
904 Central fiscal opera-
tions
48
29
11
442
190
387
174
183
49
29
11
449
157
93
186
253
60
31
12
431
168
96
185
183
76
38
12
475
173
304
220
278
90
40
12
476
201
602
219
100
89
44
19
502
245
84
233
69
102
47
21
566
295
95
255
86
109
49
20
558
905 General property and
records management.
906 Central personnel man-
agement . .
372
84
908 Protective services and
alien control
910 Other general govern-
ment
263
88
Total, general govern-
ment
1.465
1,226
1.166
1.576
1,738
1,284
1.466
1.542
Subtotal
74.274
154
67.772
235
64.570
181
66.540
315
69.433
467
71 .936
567
80.697
355
77.233
Deduct interfund transactions.
694
Total budget expendi-
tures -
74.120
67.537
64,389
66.224
68,966
71.369
80,342
76.539
*Lessthan one-half million dollars.
Note. — The historical data on this table corresponds to the revised functional classification used
in table 13 (page 103} and elsewhere in this budget. A list of the major changes between this classi-
fication and those used in the preceding budgets is available upon request from the Bureau of
the Budget.
' Amounts shown include estimated comparability adjustments not supportable by accounting
records.
PART 5
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM
BY AGENCY
113
610000 O— 62 8
EXPLANATION OF MAJOR STEPS IN FINANCING AGENCY
ACTIVITIES
NBW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND ITS USE
New obligational authority. — Government agencies are permitted
to incur obligations, requiring either the current or future payment
of money, only when they have been granted appropriations or other
authority to do so by hiw. The amounts thus authorized by Congress,
are called new obligational authority (NOA). Such authority must
be related to the obligations expected to be incurred, rather than
match the expenditures which are expected to be made during any
fiscal year. In some cases NOA is requested and granted to fully
finance a project (especially construction, research, or procurement)
when it starts, even though the obligations will be spread over 2 or
more years.
Most new obligational authority is granted year by year (current
authorizations). Some new obligational authority permits additional
sums to become available from time to time without further action
by the Congress (permanent authorizations), either for an indefinite
period or over a specified nimiber of years.
New obligational authority usually takes the form of appropriations
wliich permit obligations to be incurred and expenditures to be made.
Some is in the form of contract authorizations which permit obligations,
but require an appropriation "to liquidate" in order to permit
expenditures in payment of the obligations. There are also author-
izations to expend from debt receipts; such NOA permits the use of
borrowed money to incur obligations and make expenditures. Reap-
propriations and reauthorizations are actions to continue available
unused balances which would otherwise expire.
The amount of new obligational authority is usually named spe-
cifically in the act of Congress which makes it available (definite
authorizations), but in a few cases the amount is left indefinite to be
determined by subsequent circumstances (indefinite authorizations);
an example is the appropriation for interest on the public debt.
Obligations incurred. — ^Following the enactment of new obligational
authority, obligations are to be incurred by Government agencies.
Such obligations include the currently accruing liabilities for salaries
and wages, certain contractual services, and interest; entering into
contracts for equipment, construction, and land; approval of agree-
ments to make loans; and other commitments requiring the future
payment of money. In some cases obligations are incurred at the
same time payments are made.
Budget expenditures. — Obligations are paid by the issuance of check
or disbursement in cash, and in a few special cases by issuance of
bonds or notes in lieu of checks. Budget expenditures consist of such
pa^'ments from Federally owned funds, except for retirement of debt
and purchase of the Government's own securities.
114
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY 115
DEDUCTION OF CERTAIN RECEIPTS IN DETERMINING EXPENDITURES
For two typos of Federal funds — public enterprise funds and intra-
governniental funds — expenditures are stated net of receipts. If
receipts exceed expenditures the diflVrence shows as a minus entry in
the expenditure tal)l(>s. Because of the netting rule, receipts for these
types of funds are not inchukMl witliin the figures for budget receipts.
For the otlier two types of Federal funds — the general fund and the
special funds — receipts from the public are generally included within
budget receipts, and deductions are made from expenditures only for
some incidental collections from the public (usually called "reimburse-
ments from non-Federal sources"). However, interagency and inter-
account reimbursements are netted against expenditures to avoid
double counting.
Some payments into miscellaneous receipts of the general fund are
proper expenditures of some other Federal fund (for example, interest
payments from a public enterprise fund into general fund receipts).
These interfund transactions are shown as expenditures for the
agencies and functions involved, but are deducted in identical amounts
before arriving at total receipts and total expenditures in the affected
summary tables.
(Note. — Trust and deposit fund transactions are not included in the
conventional budget totals nor are they added into the analysis of
new obligational authority and expenditures by agency in this part
of the budget. For further information on the financial transactions
of such funds, see special analysis A.)
NETTING IN DETERMINING OBLIGATIONS
Whenever expenditures are net of receipts or reimbursements for an
account or an agency, obligations are similarly netted in the following
tables (tables 15 and 16). NOA also takes account of the availability
of such receipts and reimbursements, and is therefore on a basis which
compares to obligations incurred so far as netting is concerned. More
detailed schedules which supplement this volume state obligations in
gross terms and show separately the receipts or reimbursements which
are applicable.
BALANCES OF OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY
Not all of the obligational authority enacted for a fiscal year is
spent in the same year. In the case of salaries and wages, only 2 to 3
w^eks elapse between the time of obligation and the time of expendi-
ture. On the other hand, in the case of major procurement and
construction, several >ears ni.ay elapse. Balances which have been
obligated are always carried forward to cover the subsequent expendi-
ture in paynient of such obligations.
Most appropriations for current operations are made available for
obligation only within the year, and unobligated balances lapse at the
end of the fiscal year (1-year appropriations). Some are for a specified
longer period (multiple-year appropriations). Some, including most
of those for construction and some for research, are made available
by Congress until expended, and in such cases the unobligated bal-
ances never lapse (no-year appropriations), but are carried forward
until objectives have been completed.
116 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Therefore, a change in the amount of new obligational authority for
a given year does not necessarily change either the obligations incurred
or the budget expenditures in that same year by an equal amount. A
change in new obligational authority in any one year may spread its
effect over obligations for two or more years and over expenditures
for even a longer period.
Balances carried forward from one year to the next are shown on
tables 15 and 17, divided between obligated and unobligated. Table
15 also shows the unobligated balances lapsing upon the expiration
of one-year and multiple-year accounts, and the adjustments in obli-
gated balances which are required when the payment of such obliga-
tions requires a different sum than originally reserved to meet the
obligations.
ESTIMATES FOR 1962 AND 1963
Data j or 1962. — Congress has already acted on appropriations and
other new obligational authority for fiscal year 1962, but additional,
supplemental amounts are estimated to be required in certain cases.
Where the word "enacted" is used in the budget in reference to 1962,
the amounts are those already voted by Congress (including the
amounts likely to be available in the case of appropriations made in
an indefinite amount) or the expenditures thereunder, unless other-
wise specifically indicated by a footnote. Where the word "estimate"
is used, the amounts include both those enacted and needed supple-
mentals.
Data for 1963. — This budget is complete as to the estimates for 1963
as now foreseen. The budget appendix generally includes the pro-
posed appropriation language for the various items which are identified
in the budget. However, in a few instances — mainly cases of proposed
new legislation — estimates are included in the budget, but formal
transmittal of the proposed text of the appropriation language (or
other proposal) will be made later. In certain tables, these items for
later transmittal and expenditures therefrom are identified in separate
columns or by special footnotes; in tables where there is no such spe-
cific identification, the estimate for 1963 is comprehensive, whether
or not the necessary appropriation language is formally transmitted
at this time.
Special allowances. — It is likely that some additional needs not
now known will arise during the remainder of 1962 and 1963, and
supplemental proposals will be transmitted to Congress when re-
quired. A lump sum allowance is included in the summary tables of
the budget to cover such items, and, in the case of 1963, a similar
allowance covers pay adjustments for which the need is now foreseen,
but which have not been spread by agency within the budget (except
for the Post Office Department).
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY
117
Table 15. RELATION OF AUTHORIZATIONS TO EXPENDITURES
(In millions of dollars)
Description
New obligational authority.' (details on pages 118 to 266):
Current authorizations:
Appropriations
Reappropriations
Authorizations to expend from debt receipts
Contract authorizations
Permanent authorizations:
Appropriations -.
Reappropriations
Authorizations to expend from debt receipts
Contract authorizations
Total new obligational authority
Unobligated balances brought forward, start of year (table 1 7) .
Appropriations available in prior year ( — )
Appropriations available from subsequent year
Balances no longer available:
Unobligated balances lapsing (— )
Capital transfers from revolving funds to general fund (— )--
Unobligated balances carried forward, end of year ( — ) (table 17)
Obligations incurred, net (table 16)
Obligated balances brought forward, start of year (table 17)
Adjustments of obligated balances in expired accounts
Obligated balances carried forward, end of year (— ) (table 17).
Expenditures
Deduct interfund transactions. _
Budget expenditures
From new obligational authority
From balances of prior obligational authority.
1961
actual
70.845
171
2.878
2.146
9.653
30
295
658
86.675
37.572
-537
2.431
-221
-197
-40.612
85,111
34.899
-146
-37.695
82.169
654
81.515
81.515
1962
estimate
81.734
226
3.094
50
9.595
702
347
95.748
40.612
-2.431
661
-404
-186
-36.315
97.684
37.695
-276
-45.371
89,732
656
89.075
89.075
1963
estimate
87.784
21
464
86
9.996
684
268
99.303
36.315
-661
661
-133
-99
-32.698
102.687
45.371
-7
-54.822
93.230
693
92.537
64.455
28.081
Note. — This table summarizes and brings into relationship the totals from the various tabulations
in part 5 of the budget. The types o( new obligational authority and the considerations involved
in the various measures of Federal program are explained on pages 114 to 116.
' Excludes appropriations to liquidate contract authorizations: 1961, $590 million; 1962, $729
million; and 1963, $816 million.
118
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3
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THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY
119
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120
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
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THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY
121
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THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY
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THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY
267
Table 16. OBLIGATIONS INCURRED, NET (in millions of dollars)
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Legislative Branch
The Judiciary -
Executive Office of the President
Funds appropriated to the President:
Foreign assistance — economic
Other
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Department of Defense:
Military
Civil
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Department of the Interior
Department of Justice
Department of Labor
Post Office Department
Department of State
Treasury Department
Atomic Energy Commission
Federal Aviation Agency
General Services Administration
Housing and Home Finance Agency
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Veterans Administration
Other independent agencies
District of Columbia
Allowances for pay adjustments and contingencies.
Total obligations incurred, net
127
52
73
2,063
88
7,618
603
44,288
978
3,916
833
291
831
874
298
9.959
2,636
668
409
781
909
5,414
1.351
50
85.111
137
59
26
3.112
109
7.255
745
52,512
1,077
4,790
973
295
567
865
422
10,011
2,981
727
616
1.699
1.860
5.548
1.105
90
100
97.684
136
63
23
3.489
194
6.736
851
53.215
1.085
6.313
1,124
306
444
265
366
10.454
2,987
827
686
2.256
3.797
5.329
1.194
85
462
102.687
Note. — This table reflects the net obligations incurred, as explained on pages 114 to 116. Net
obligations are determined by deducting from the gross obligations the applicable receipts of public
enterprise funds and intragovernmental funds, and the reimbursements to general fund and special
fund appropriations.
268
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table 17. BALANCES OF OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY (in millions of dollars)
Description
BY AGENCY
Legislative Branch
The Judiciary
Executive Office of the President
Funds appropriated to the President:
Foreign assistance — economic
Other
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Department of Defense:
Military
Civil
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Department of the Interior
Department of Justice
Department of Labor
Post Office Department
Department of State
Treasury Department
Atomic Energy Commission
Federal Aviation Agency
General Services Administration
Housing and Home Finance Agency
National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration
Veterans Administration
Other independent agencies
District of Columbia
Allowances for pay adjustments and
contingencies
Total balances.
BY TYPE OF AUTHORIZATION
Appropriations
Authorizations to expend from debt
receipts
Contract authorizations
Revolving and management funds
Total balances
Start 1961
Obli-
gated
82
3
41
2,263
168
1,271
389
21.845
242
1,026
257
14
9
366
50
114
1,206
370
166
2,805
273
267
1,675
Un-
obli-
gated
44
34,899
28.119
4,453
1,092
1,236
34,899
5
502
5,917
2.445
217
11,181
107
199
167
13
3
7
43
268
183
148
130
6,132
97
368
9,314
81
Start 1962-
End 1961
Obli-
gated
37.572
10,685
21,287
808
4,792
37,572
72
4
41
2,521
179
2,958
493
21.358
248
1,237
288
20
7
326
87
115
1,129
396
188
3,084
437
278
2.230
Un-
obli-
gated
37,695
28,377
6.794
1,133
1,392
37,695
1,051
5,910
2.226
478
9,934
106
242
152
18
223
7
44
278
334
164
201
9,762
154
527
8,646
11
Start 1963—
End 1962
Obli-
gated
40,612
10.237
21,918
2.979
5.478
40.612
44
4
4
3,698
52
3.036
589
25,374
309
1.557
390
17
12
339
56
153
1,280
415
303
3,843
998
274
2,600
Un-
obli-
gated
26
End 1963
Obli-
gated
25
45.371
33.714
7.512
1.237
2.908
45.371
254
8,026
836
457
7.300
31
216
102
16
296
7
31
261
167
188
8.826
121
540
8.539
75
36.315
6.982
21.849
2,569
4.916
28
4.948
60
3,063
625
28,889
324
2,685
483
19
70
343
85
176
1.387
461
411
4.715
2.395
319
3,189
137
54.822
36.315
41.262
8.681
1.278
3.601
54.822
Un-
obli-
gated
20
161
8.021
478
294
5.726
173
50
15
299
7
14
260
131
86
7.495
111
706
8.584
53
32.698
5.387
20.295
2.036
4.980
32.698
Note. — For explanation of balances carried forward, see pages 114 to 116.
PART 6
SPECIAL ANALYSES
269
Special Analysis A
TRUST FUND OPERATIONS AND STATUS
Trust receipts are estimated at $27.5 billion in 1963, and trust
expenditures are estimated at $26.6 billion. This represents a sig-
nificant increase over the 1962 levels, as indicated in the following
table (in millions of dollars) :
TOTAL TRUST FUND TRANSACTIONS
1961 1962 1963
Receipts 23,807 24,545 27,506
Expenditures 23,239 25,574 26,650
Net accumulation 568 -1,029 857
Borrowing from the public —66 856 475
Balance as of June 30 53,816 53,643 54,975
U.S. securities (49,849) (49,729) (51,199)
Open book accounts.-.- (3.967) (3,914) (3,776)
Increase or decrease ( — ) in cash balances 212 —53 —138
Trust funds are those funds which are held in a fiduciary capacity
by the Government. Wliile the budget totals do not include the
transactions of the trust funds, several important parts of the Gov-
ernment's program are carried out through trust funds, particularly
those for labor, welfare, and highway activities.
Deposit funds are somewhat similar to trust funds. They account
for monies that are either held in suspense temporarily, or held by the
Government as banker or agent for others.
Table A-1. TRUST FUND OPERATIONS AND STATUS (in millions of dollars)
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
TRUST FUND RECEIPTS
Federal old-age and survivors insurance trust fund:
Employment taxes
Deposits by States
1 nterest on investments
Payment for military service credits
Other
Federal disability insurance trust fund:
Employment taxes
Deposits by States
1 nterest on investments
Payment for military service credits
Health insurance for the aged (proposed legislation)
Unemployment trust fund:
Deposits by States
Federal unemployment taxes
Railroad unemployment insurance account:
Employment taxes
Other receipts
Advance from revolving fund
Interest on investments
Proposed legislation
Advances from general fund for temporary unemploy-
ment compensation
(11.910)
10,623
755
530
(12,252)
10,972
757
521
1
(1.093)
963
69
61
2
(1.116)
977
69
70
(14,231)
12,780
837
534
79
1
1.175)
,029
70
75
(I
(3,805)
2.398
346
153
154
52
204
(3.584)
2.400
476
154
92
-52
172
42
(4.154)
2.600
976
163
64
187
155
499
342
270
SPECIAL ANALYSES
271
Table A-1 . TRUST FUND OPERATIONS AND STATUS (in millions of dollars)— Con.
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
TRUST FUND RECEIPTS-Continued
Railroad retirement account:
Employment taxes
I nterest and profits on investments
Repayment of advances to Railroad unemployment
insurance account
Payment fiom OASI trust fund
Payment from Federal disability insurance trust fund__
Other . -- -
Proposed legislation: Military service credits
Federal employees retirement funds:
Deductions from employees' salaries
Payments from other funds:
Employing agency contributions
Federal contributions
Voluntary contributions, donations, etc
Interest and profits on investments
Highway trust fund:
Excise taxes
Interest on investments
Proposed legislation
Veterans life insurance funds:
Premiums and other receipts
Payments from general and special funds
Interest on investments
Foreign Assistance Act, advances
Indian tribal funds
District of Columbia
All other trust funds
Subtotal
Deduct interfund transactions.
Total, trust fund receipts
TRUST FUND EXPENDITURES
Federal old-age and survivors insurance trust fund:
Benefit payments ,
Administrative expenses and construction
Refunds of tax receipts
Payment to Railroad Retirement Board
Federal disability insurance trust fund:
Benefit payments
Administrative expenses — reimbursement to Federal
old-age and survivors insurance
Other
Unemployment trust fund:
Withdrawals by States
Railroad unemployment benefit payments
Administrative expenses
Temporary extended unemployment compensation:
Benefits
Repayment of general fund advances
Repayment of advances to Railroad retirement trust
fund
Proposed legislation
Other
Railroad retirement account:
Benefit payments
Administrative expenses
Advances to Railroad unemployment insurance account
(1.051)
571
111
31
332
5
(2,033)
847
846
46
12
281
(2.925)
2.923
2
(725)
503
9
213
228
137
281
133
24.322
515
23.807
(11.839)
11.185
236
86
332
(756)
704
34
18
(4,736)
3,558
252
398
^91
31
6
(1.124)
982
10
132
(1.110)
597
120
40
340
10
2
(2.063)
869
866
14
315
(3.136)
3.132
4
(744)
520
8
216
445
79
357
132
25.018
473
24.545
(13,328)
12,625
254
109
340
(1,076)
990
62
23
(3,844)
2.840
190
425
337
2
40
9
(1,126)
1,050
10
66
(1.188)
624
120
40
375
10
4
16
(2.128)
866
866
14
382
(3.383)
3.391
4
-12
(743)
518
8
217
395
54
390
121
28,005
498
27.506
(14.282)
13.538
258
111
375
(1.160)
1.073
64
24
(3.897)
2.600
165
437
495
40
150
10
(1.144)
1,080
10
55
272
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table A-1 . TRUST FUND OPERATIONS AND STATUS (in millions of dollars)— Con.
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
TRUST FUND EXPEND ITURES-Continued
Federal employees funds:
Retirement funds
Employees health benefits fund, net
Employees life insurance fund, net
Retired employees health benefits fund. net.
(879)
955
-23
-51
-2
(2.745)
2.619
I
126
(1.022)
1.063
-10
-31
(1.109)
1.172
-12
-50
Highway trust fund:
Federal-aid highways
Interest on advances from general fund
(3.161)
3.026
(3.385)
3.250
Refunds of taxes _-_ _-_ _
135
133
Improvement of the Pentagon road network
2
Veterans life insurance funds
801
-89
191
137
303
331
749
856
329
62
360
136
674
Federal National Mortgage Association trust fund, net
Foreign Assistance Act, advances. - . . .
470
335
Indian tribal funds . . _.
70
District of Columbia funds
Deposit funds and all other trust funds. . .
379
244
Subtotal . .
23.754
515
26.047
473
27.148
Deduct interfund transactions ...
498
Total, trust fund expenditures
23.239
25.574
26.650
TRUST FUND EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION
National defense
International affairs and finance
Agriculture and agricultural resources
Natural resources
Commerce and transportation
Housing and community development
Health, labor, and welfare
Education
Veterans benefits and services
General government
Deposit funds, net
Subtotal
Deduct interfund transactions
Total, trust fund expenditures
196
13
21
183
2.779
214
19.334
1
811
16
186
23.754
515
23.239
334
12
22
112
3.199
1,217
20.396
1
760
19
-23
26,047
473
25.574
340
22
25
117
3,397
849
21,592
1
683
17
105
27,148
498
26,650
MAJOR TRUST FUND PROGRAMS
Payments from one trust fund to another have been inckided in
the detail of table A-1 but are deducted on the lines for "interfund
transactions" before arriving at the total of that table.
Social Security, Railroad, and other Federal programs for retirement,
disability, or death. — ^The Federal old-age and survivors insurance, the
Federal disability insurance, the Railroad retirement account, and the
Federal employees trust funds provide insurance against the loss of
income due to retirement, disability or death. Payments aie made
primarily from monies derived from payroll taxes on employers, em-
ployees, and the self-employed. Receipts not immediately needed for
benefit outlays are invested in securities of the Federal Government
and earn interest, while a deficit is financed by cashing holdings of
such securities. The first two trust funds are authorized by the Social
SPECIAL ANALYSES 273
Security Act of 1935, as amended, and comprise the Federal old-age,
survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) program. The 1961
amendments to the Social Security Act liberalized the insured status
requirements for benefits, provided actuarially reduced benefits for
men between 62 and 65 years of age, increased minimum benefits and
aged widows' benefits, and provided a more liberal retirement test for
beneficiaries. As a result of the amendments, 1 million additional
beneficiaries will be on the rolls at the end of 1963, bringing the total
number of persors receiving benefits to 18.7 million.
Expenditures of the OASDI trust funds are expected to increase by
over $1 billion in 1963 because of the normal year-to-year growth of
the program and the liberalized eligibility standards and higher benefit
rates instituted by the 1961 amendments. However, total OASDI
receipts will be at the same level as expenditures in 1963 because of:
(a) the increase in the tax rates paid by both employees and employers
from 3% to 3J^% on each effective January 1, 1962, (b) the further
increase from 33^% to 3^% effective January 1, 1963, and (c) the
increase in the number of persons paying into the fund. The increased
tax rates in 1962 and 1963 are estimated to add an additional $1,385
million in revenues to the OASI trust fund in 1963.
Legislation has been proposed to provide a program of health insur-
ance for the aged under the social security s\stem, including an increase
in the tax rate and tlie covered wage base to finance the new benefits.
Revenues from this program are estimated to amount to $42 million
in 1963. There will be no expenditures in 1963 because benefits will
not be payable until tlie following year.
The railroad retirement system is closely coordinated with the
OASDI system and serves as a combined social insurance and staff
retirement system for workers in the railroad industry. The increase
in receipts to this trust fund in 1962 and 1963 is mainly due to the
increase in the combined employer-employee tax rate from 13^%
to 143/^%, effective January 1, 1962.
Most Federal civilian workers are covered under either the Civil
Service Retirement Act or the Foreign Service Retirement Act.
Since 1957, Armed Forces personnel have been covered under both the
OASDI system (on a contributory basis) and under the military retire-
ment system (financed directly from appropriated budget funds).
The following table indicates the number of individuals receiving
monthly benefits from these trust funds at the end of each fiscal year
(in thousands):
Federal Citil
old-age service
artd
Federal
Railroad
and
aurvicors
disability
retirement
foreign
insurance
insurance
account
serOice
Retired individuals: '
1961 actual .
10.744
12,124
464
482
285
1 962 estimate
309
1963 estimate
12,826
500
335
Disabled individuals and their dependents:
1961 actual. . ..
110
126
898
1.120
99
102
112
1 962 estimate
123
1963 estimate
142
1.303
105
135
Survivors: ^
1961 actual _
3.873
4.190
262
271
163
1962 estimate
177
1963 estimate
4.438
280
193
' Includes wives under retirement age who have children in their care under OASI.
' Includes children of retired workers under OASI.
610000 O -62 - 18
274 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Unemployment trust fund. — Unemployment insurance was also
initiated for most workers by the Social Security Act, and for railroad
workers by the Railroad UnemplojTnent Insurance Act. Payroll
taxes paid by employers are deposited in the unemployment trust
fund. The States and the Railroad Retirement Board draw upon this
fund to pay weekly benefits to eligible unemployed workers. The
administrative expenses of these two systems are paid from earmarked
Federal tax receipts.
State payroll taxes averaged about 2% in 1961 and the average is
expected to increase from 2% in 1962 to 2.1% in 1963 as States replen-
ish the drains on their reserve funds from the recession. It is esti-
mated that the higher rates in 1963 will increase receipts by $124
million. The permanent Federal tax to finance administrative ex-
penses and loans to States is 0.4% of the first $3,000 of wages. This
rate was increased teinporarily to 0.8% on January 1, 1962, and will be
effective for 2 years in order to repay the Treasurv for advances made
in 1961 and 1962 for extended benefits under the Temporary Extended
Unemployment Compensation Act of 1961; increased revenue from
this tax is estimated to be $484 million in 1963. Railroad taxes were
also increased temporarily to finance extended benefits under that
program.
In 1961 and 1962, a total of $828 million will be paid througli
the trust fund for federally extended unemployment compensation
payments under temporary recession programs. These programs
were financed initially by advances from the Treasury and will be
repaid in 1962, 1963, and 1964 from additional trust fund revenue
resulting from a temporar}^ increase of 0.4% in the Federal unemploy-
ment tax discussed above. These repayments are estimated to be
$2 million in 1962 and $495 million in 1963 including repayments of
funds used in the Railroad temporary extended benefits program.
While benefit pavments are expected to decline substantially in
1963 because of lower unemployment of insured, expenditures from the
fund will be $0.1 billion higher because the repayment of advances
from the Treasury for extended benefit pa>Tnents made in 1961 and
1962 are greater than the decline in benefit payments. Receipts will
increase by $0.6 billion in 1963 primarily because the temporary Fed-
eral tax to finance the extended program will be collected.
Legislation has been proposed to improve the Federal-State un-
employment insurance system by increasing the amount of benefits,
extending duration of unemplojTuent compensation to workers having
a long record of employment and on a standby basis extending dura-
tion for all workers in recessions, closing gaps in coverage, and
providing for a more equitable distribution of the tax burden among
employers.
An amendment to legislation submitted in 1962 will be transn\itted
to permit States voluntarily to repay advances made for extended
benefits during the 1958 recession, whenever they are in a position
to do so, without losing the interest these amounts would earn in the
unemployment trust fund. These repayments would be available to
finance the proposed extended benefits in 1963.
Veterans life insurance. — The trust accounts in the Veterans Ad-
ministration consist mainly of two life instu-ance programs: the
National service life insurance ftmd for veterans of World War II
SPECIAL ANALYSES 275
and the United States Government life insurance fund for veterans
of World War I.
Both funds are operated largely on a commercial basis. As of
June 30, 1961, the funds represented about 5.5 million policies in
force at a value of $35 billion. Receipts come from premiums,
transfers from budgeted funds of the Federal Government to cover
losses resulting from war hazards, and interest on investments.
Payments from the funds are made for dividends, death and disa-
bility claims, and for terminations of policies in force.
Dividend payments of $79 million, which would ordinarily have been
made in 1962, were accelerated into the second half of 1961 in order to
help speed economic recovery. An additional special dividend of
$181 million was disbursed in late 1961 and early 1962. In 1963
an estimated $184 million will be paid in dividends and $490 million
in death and disability claims and other expenses.
Highway trust jund. — Receipts from certain excise taxes on m.otor
fuels, tires, innertubes, tread rubber, and trucks, and from vehicle
use taxes are deposited into this fund to finance expenditures for
Federal-aid highways.
The Highway Act of 1961 increased rates on certain of these taxes,
canceled the previously scheduled transfer to the trust fund of a
portion of the revenues from the excise taxes on the sale of automo-
biles and automotive parts and accessories, and extended the trust
fund to September 30, 1972. The act continued gasoline and diesel
fuel taxes at 4 cents a gallon, increased taxes as of July 1, 1961, on
tires and innertubes to 10 cents per pound, tread rubber to 5 cents
per pound, and the use tax on highway vehicles of more than 26,000
pounds gross weight to $3 per thousand pounds per year. The act
also provided for transfer of all the present 10 percent excise tax
on trucks, buses, etc., to the fund after June 30, 1962.
Trust fund receipts in 1963 are estimated to increase by $247
million primarily as a result of the transfer of all the manufacturers'
excise tax on trucks, buses, etc., to the trust fund. Net trust expendi-
tures in 1963 are estimated to increase by $224 million as a result of
acceleration of the interstate program.
Federal National Mortgage Association secondary market opera-
tions.— In the secondary market part of its operations the Association
buys and sells federally insured or guaranteed mortgages at prices
prevailing in the market and lends on the security of such mortgages.
These operations are self-supporting in accordance with statutory
objectives. Funds required for mortgage purchases in 1963 will be
obtained: (a) from private sources through the sale of the Associa-
tion's debentures; (b) through mortgage sales and repayments; (c)
through the sale of common stock which all mortgage sellers are
required to purchase ; and (d) by sale of preferred stock to the Treas-
ury, in accordance with the statutory requirement that the Association
maintain a minimum ratio of capital to debt of 1 to 10. Net trust
expenditures are estimated to decrease by $386 million in 1963 as a
result of reduced mortgage purchases and slightly increased sales of
mortgages held by the Association.
Foreign assistance trust funds. — Funds are advanced by foreign
governments (a) to meet required contract payments covering the
purchases of defense articles and services, (b) to procure general
commodities, and (c) to pay a portion of local costs of development
276
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
programs. These funds are administered by the Department of
Defense and the Agency for International Development. Expendi-
tures for 1963 are estimated to continue at the 1962 level.
District of Columbia funds. — The revenues generated by the District
of Columbia taxes are held in trust by the Treasury Department.
These funds are utilized for operating expenses of the District of
Columbia as appropriated by the Congress.
Indian tribal funds. — Funds held in trust for Indian tribes are used
for expenses of administering tribal affairs, operation of tribal enter-
prises, and relief of Indians.
BASIS OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
The receipts and expenditure figures above are generally on a gross
basis. However, deposit funds are stated on a net expenditure basis,
as are a small group of trust funds known as trust revolving funds.
For the trust revolving funds, only the net expenditures have been
included above. The gross figures for these latter funds are as follows:
Table A-2. EXPENDITURES AND APPLICABLE RECEIPTS OF TRUST RE-
VOLVING FUNDS (in millions of dollars)
Description
GROSS EXPEND-
ITURES
RECEIPTS FROM
OPERATIONS
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Civil Service Commission (Employees life
insurance and health benefits)
375
690
44
428
1.233
41
469
1.024
38
451
779
41
469
377
39
532
Federal National Mortgage Association. __
All other trust revolving funds
554
36
Total, trust revolving funds
1.109
1.702
1.531
1.270
885
1.122
BORROWING FROM THE PUBLIC
Borrowing from the public and repayments are not included in
receipt and expenditure data. Two trust funds — ^the Federal National
Mortgage Association, and the D.C. Armory Board stadium fund —
currently engage in such borrowing transactions. Transactions of
this type are as follows:
Table A-3. TRUST FUND BORROWING FROM THE PUBLIC (in millions of dollars)
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Federal National Mortgage Association trust fund
District of Columbia municipal government funds
-86
19
856
475
Total, trust fund borrowing from the public
-66
856
475
SPECIAL ANALYSES
277
INVESTMENTS AND BALANCES
Most of the larger trust funds and some of the smaller ones have
authority to invest their balances in interest-bearing securities issued
by the Government. Purchases of securities, net of redemptions,
are as follows:
Table A-4. TRUST FUND PURCHASES OF U.S. SECURITIES
(in millions of dollars)
Description
Federal disability insurance trust fund
Federal old-age and survivors insurance trust fund-
Federal employees funds
Railroad retirement account
Unemployment trust fund
Veterans life insurance funds
Highway trust fund
Federal National Mortgage Association trust fund_ .
District of Columbia municipal government funds.
All other trust funds
Total, trust fund purchases of U.S. securities
289
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
285
39
38
-225
-895
68
1.122
1.041
1.015
-78
-22
19
-952
-250
251
-79
7
70
233
*
-10
5
-2
5
-4
-5
10
-11
-31
-5
-120
.470
*Less than one- half million dollars.
The remaining balances of trust funds are treated as "open book
balances" by Treasury. A few of these earn interest. The total trust
fund balances (the open book balances plus the investments in U.S.
securities) are as follows:
Table A-5. TRUST FUND BALANCES (in millions of dollars)
Description
As of June 30
1960 1961
1962 IM)
Federal old-age and survivors insurance trust fund
Federal disability insurance trust fund
Unemployment trust fund
Railroad retirement account
Federal employees funds
Highway trust fund
Veterans life insurance funds
Federal National Mortgage Association trust fund.
All other trust funds
Total
20.829
2.167
6.683
3.916
10.267
119
6.923
59
2,352
20,900
2.504
5.753
3.843
11.420
299
6.847
62
2.188
19.825
2.544
5.493
3,827
12,462
274
6.843
62
2.313
19.774
2.559
5.750
3.871
13,482
272
6,912
68
2.287
53.314
53.816
53.643
54.975
SUMMARY OF FINANCL\L OPERATIONS
The transactions of trust funds are one of the factors affecting the
change in the ptiblic debt. This effect is summarized in the follow-
ing table. The amounts of the final line are carried forward to table 8.
278
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table A-6. CHANGES IN TRUST FUND CASH (in millions of dollars)
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Trust fund receipts . _ _ _.
23.807
24.545
120
856
27.506
Trust fund redemption of U.S. securities. - _ . ..
Trust fund borrowing from the public. .
475
Total additions to cash held for trust funds
23.807
25.521
27.981
Trust fund expenditures. .
23.239
289
66
25.574
26.650
Trust fund purchases of U.S. securities
1.470
Trust fund repayment of borrowings from the public
Total reductions in cash held for trust funds
23.595
25,574
28.119
Increase or decrease (— ) in cash held for trust
funds
212
-53
-138
HISTORICAL COMPARISON OF EXPENDITURES
Trust fund expenditures are distributed on a functional basis for
1953-60 in the following table. The amounts of each function be-
come a part of the data shown in special analysis B.
Table A-7. TRUST FUND EXPENDITURES, 1953-60 (in millions of dollars)
Description
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I960
National defense _ _ _ _
126
51
21
40
2
144
4.592
1
669
19
95
-471
146
101
18
45
I
153
6,077
1
779
9
165
44
20
61
1
87
7,474
1
628
6
144
-29
24
79
3
297
8,063
1
606
8
93
13
168
69
970
1.168
9.643
1
608
8
345
-1
241
101
1.606
333
12.850
1
671
9
229
21
83
94
2,714
409
14,390
1
651
10
256
International affairs and fi-
nance
Agriculture and agricultural
resources
Natural resources
Commerce and transportation '
Housing and community de-
velopment
Health, labor, and welfare
Education
Veterans benefits and services .
General government
Adjustment to daily Treasury
statement basis
48
21
116
3.069
1.258
16.447
1
673
16
Deposit funds, net 2
-560
58
239
219
-88
-6
-107
Subtotal
Deduct interfund transactions.
5.288
7
6,769
18
8,546
16
9.434
12
12.961
10
16,069
11
18,597
135
21.799
908
Total
5.281
6,751
8,531
9.422
12.951
16,059
18.462
20,891
' Reflects shift of Federal aid highway program to trust fund in 1957.
2 Excludes deposit funds of certain Government-sponsored enterprises which have been distributed
to the appropriate function above.
Special Analysis B
RECEIPTS FROM AND PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC
Tliis analysis presents information on Federal receipts from and
pa}Tnents to tlie public, often called the consolidated cash statement
of Federal transactions. (Another way of looking at Federal finances
is that of the national-income accounts, presented in Special Analysis
The statement of Federal receipts from payments to the public is
designed to sliow the flow of mone>' (excluding borrowing) between
the Federal Government and the public. To derive this statement
from the conventional budget figures, three basic adjustments are
made: (1) receipts and expenditures of Federal trust funds and
Government-sponsored enterprises, neither of which are federally
owned, are added; (2) intragovernmental transactions (that is, those
completely within the accounts of the budget, trust funds, and
Government-sponsored enterprises) are eliminated since they do
not involve any flow of money with the public; (3) adjustments
to place a limited number of noncash transactions on a cash basis
are necessary, because budget and trust accounts record a few trans-
actions as receipts or expenditures when in fact no cash transfers
have taken place. For example, the interest on savings bonds is
considered a budget expenditure as it accrues, but is not included as
a payment to the public until it is paid.
Comparison with budget.- — Receipts in the consolidated cash state-
ment include all budget receipts. In addition, they include the
excises that support the Highway trust fund, as well as employ-
ment taxes, deposits by States for unemployment insurance, and
veterans life insurance premiums, all of which support trust funds.
It is because of the growth of trust funds in recent years that
Federal cash receipts from the public have increased at a faster rate
than budget receipts. Employment tax receipts, mainly for old-age,
survivors, and disability insurance, have increased very substantially
in tlie past decade particularly (about threefold between 1953 and
1963), as have deposits by States for unemployment insurance (by
an estimated 90% from 1953 to 1963). Both of these increases
reflect, among other factors, the long-term, increase in the employee
working force, more complete coverage of the respective programs,
and increased tax rates.
279
280
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table B-1. RECEIPTS FROM AND PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC, 1961-1963
(in millions of dollars)
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
RECEIPTS FROM THE PUBLIC
Individual income taxes
Corporation income taxes
Excise taxes
Employment taxes
Estate and gift taxes
Customs
Deposits by States, unemployment insurance.
Veterans life insurance premiums
Other budget and trust receipts
Total, receipts from the public
PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC
National defense
International affairs and finance
Space research and technology
Agriculture and agricultural resources
Natural resources
Commerce and transportation
Housing and community development
Health, labor, and welfare
Education
Veterans benefits and services
Interest
General government
Deposit funds, net
Allowances for pay adjustments and contingencies
Expenditures by agencies, as employers, for Federal em-
ployees retirement (— )
Deduction from Federal employees' salaries for retire-
ment (— )
Increase (— ) or decrease in clearing account for outstand-
ing checks, etc
Total, payments to the public
Excess of receipts (+) or payments (— ).
41.338
20,954
11,986
12.502
1.896
982
2.398
504
4.682
97,242
47,685
2.153
744
5.183
2.103
5.107
-103
22.364
945
6.187
7.257
1.723
186
-887
-841
-279
99.528
-2.286
45.000
21,300
12,759
13,022
2,090
1.215
2.400
520
4.317
102.623
51.534
3.181
1.300
6.383
2.210
5.860
1.809
24,161
1,144
6,281
6.914
1.927
-23
75
-860
-863
113
111.147
-8.524
49.300
26.600
13.335
15.409
2.325
1.320
2.600
518
5.206
116.614
53.030
2.935
2.400
5.812
2.396
5.677
1.559
25.940
1.472
5.918
7.121
2.042
105
350
-860
-860
-234
114.804
+1.810
The largest single difference between budget expenditures and
payments to the public occurs in programs for health, labor, and wel-
fare. Payments to the public for this function are about five times as
great as budget expenditures, reflecting the expenditures of the social
security trust fund, the railroad retirement account, and unemploy-
ment insurance, all of which are trust fund financed. Payments to
the public for housing and community development are considerably
SPECIAL ANALYSES
281
higlier than budget expenditures in the fiscal years 1962 and 1963,
primarily because the net expenditures ol' both the Federal National
Mortgage Association trust fund and the Federal liome loan banks
are payments to the public wliich are not in the administrative budget.
Commerce and transportation payments to the public are larger than
budget expenditures, mainly because of the inclusion in the former of
the expenditures of the Highway trust fund.
In contrast, Federal payments to the public for interest are sub-
stantially less than budget expenditures. This is because much of the
budget expenditures for interest (about $2.3 billion is estimated for
196.3) is paid to trust funds on their holdings of Government securities;
since these interest payments are intragovernmental expenditures and
do not result in any flow of money to the public, they are deducted
from budget expenditures and trust fund receipts in deriving payments
to the public.
Table B-2. DERIVATION OF RECEIPTS FROM AND PAYMENTS TO THE
PUBLIC (in millions of dollars)
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
RECEIPTS FROM THE PUBLIC
Budget receipts (table 1)
Trust fund receipts (table 4)
Less —
Intragovernmental transactions
Receipts from exercise of monetary authority
Receipts from the public
PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC
Budget expenditures (table 1)
Trust fund expenditures (table 4)
Government-sponsored enterprise expenditures (net)
Less —
Intragovernmental transactions
Accrued interest and other noncash adjustments (net)
Payments to the public
Excess of receipts (+) or payments (— )
77.659
23,807
4.169
55
82.100
24,545
3.955
67
97.242
102,623
81,515
23,239
-236
4,169
821
89,075
25,574
514
3,955
61
99.528
111.147
-2.286
-8,524
93,000
27,506
3,853
40
16,614
92,537
26,650
309
3,853
838
114,804
+ 1.810
DERIVATION
The derivation of the consolidated cash statement is outlined in
table B-2. Additional information is contained in a booklet entitled
"Receipts From and Payments to the Public, Supporting Tables and
Supplementary Information," which is available on request from the
Bureau of the Budget. This booklet includes the detailed derivation
of receipts from and payments to the public, and also pr-'sents a
reconciliation of net cash borrowing from the public with the change
in the public debt.
282
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table B-3. RECEIPTS FROM AND PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC, 1953-1960
(in millions of dollars)
Description
1953
actual
1954
actual
1955
actual
1956
actual
1957
actual
1958
actual
1959
actual
I960
actual
RECEIPTS FROM THE
PUBLIC
Individual income taxes
Corporation income taxes
Excise taxes
Employment taxes
Estate and gift taxes
Customs
Deposits by States, unemploy-
ment insurance
Veterans life insurance pre-
miums
Other budget and trust receipts .
Total, receipts from the
public
PAYMENTS TO THE
PUBLIC
National defense
International affairs and finance-
Space research and technology..
Agriculture and agricultural
resources
Natural resources
Commerce and transportation..
Housing and community de-
velopment
Health, labor, and welfare
Education
Veterans benefits and services..
Interest '
General government
Deposit funds (net)
Undistributed items and other
adjustments ^
Total, payments to the
public
Excess of receipts (+) or pay-
ments (— )
30,108
21,238
9,868
4,980
881
596
1,371
428
2,027
29,542
21,101
9,945
5,423
934
542
1.246
426
2.468
28,747
17,861
9.131
6,217
924
585
1.146
441
2.783
32.188
20,880
9.929
7,294
1,161
682
1.330
441
3.183
35.620
21,167
10.534
7.578
1.365
735
1.542
452
3.115
34.724
20,074
10.728
8.641
1.393
782
1.501
485
3.565
36.719
17.309
10.675
8,850
1.333
925
1.701
477
3.671
40.715
21.494
11.780
11.156
1,606
1.105
2.167
481
4.574
71.495
71.626
67.836
77.087
82.105
81.892
81.660
95.078
50.586
2,217
79
2,967
1,513
1,857
417
6.544
321
4.953
4.706
1.160
-471
-75
47.138
1.692
90
2.619
1.359
1.136
-1.004
8.077
327
5.043
4.620
1.202
-560
-315
40,852
2,043
74
4,401
1,259
1,148
310
9,478
378
5,116
4,664
1.141
58
-384
40.854
1.623
71
4.979
1.177
1.796'
401
10.245
344
5.329
5.115
1.349
239
-909
43.435
2.634
76
4,644
1,361
2.209
. 851
12.100
\ 438
5.449
5.264
l.!2I7
219
109
44.553
2.650
89
4.347
1.639
3.060
-302
15,748
542
5.826
5.883
1.293
-1.831
46.681
2,397
145
7,052
1.751
4.536
2.161
18,006
733
5,909
5,351
1,475
-6
-1,391
45.914
1.575
401
4.877
1.824
4.819
1.451
19.107
867
5.908
7.463
1.556
-107
-1.355
76.769
71.423
70,537
72.614
80.006
83.412
94.804
94.301
-5.274
+203
-2.70H4.473+2.099
■1.520
13,144
+777
1 Since 1954, includes adjustment for change in public debt interest checks, coupons, and
accruals outstanding.
2 Includes contributions by agencies and deductions from Federal employees' salaries for retire-
ment, changes in the clearing account, and other adjustments.
Special Analysis C
FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN THE NATIONAL-INCOME ACCOUNTS
Data on Government financial transactions are used for many pur-
poses. No single set of accounts can serve all purposes equally well.
As a result, various accounting concepts have been developed to meet
alternative needs. Three of them are used in this document.
The first of these, the conventional budget, often called the admin-
istrative budget, records only the receipts and expenditures of funds
owned wholly by the Federal Government. Although budget docu-
ments placed before the Congress have regularly included both
Federally owned funds and funds the Government holds in trust,
only the former have been used to calculate the budget totals. Thus,
the receipts and expenditures of the trust funds, which in the past
consisted primarily of insurance-type operations, have been excluded
from the budget totals since 1930. In more recent years, the re-
ceipts and expenditures of these funds have grown considerably,
and new trust funds have been created, some of which are not insur-
ance funds (e.g., the Highway trust fund). As a consequence, the
total flow of financial transactions between the public and the Federal
Government is substantially larger than shown in the administrative
budget.
A second of these concepts, the consolidated cash statement, has been
developed to measure total Federal cash receipts from and payments
to the public. This statement and its relationship to the administra-
tive budget are discussed in Special Analysis B. In brief, the
consolidated cash statement differs from the administrative budget
on both the receipt and expenditure sides, pnncipally by including the
transactions of the trust funds and excluding transactions between
the trust funds and the administrative budget. The result measures
the Government's cash transactions with the public. Since it fur-
nishes comprehensive totals of cash transactions, the consolidated
cash statement is valuable for determining Government financing and
net borrowing requirements and for analyzing the financial impact of
the Government's overall program.
A third method for recording Federal transactions has been de-
veloped for incorporation into the national-income accounts. The
Federal sector account in the national-income framework measures
the direct impact of Federal taxing and spending on the flow of the
Nation's income and output. The numerous conceptual differences
between this sector and the two other methods of expressing Federal
transactions are discussed in detail below. Its major characteristics,
however, can be briefly summarized:
(1) In general, like the consolidated cash statement, the Federal
sector account is more comprehensive than the administrative budget
in that it includes the transactions of the trust funds. However, like
all sectors of the national-income accounts, it records only those
receipts and expenditures which directly affect the current income and
output of the Nation. Therefore, it excludes such transactions as
283
284 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 63
loans and repayment of loans, which do not directly affect the income
of the recipient (even though they do affect liquidity) .
(2) Both the administrative budget and consolidated cash statement
record tax receipts as they are collected The national -income
accounts record business taxes when they are accrued as liabilities by
the private sector, since the main economic impact of these taxes is
considered to be more closely associated with the accrual of liabilities
than with their actual cash collection. Corporations, for example,
accrue tax liabilities as they accrue profits, and subtract these liabili-
ties from profits to calculate their profits after tax The taxes are
paid, however, after a lag which averages a little more than 6 months.
During periods of economic recovery, such as the present when
incomes are rising rapidly, tax collections will be substantially less
than tax accruals.
THE NATIONAL-INCOME .\CCOUNTS
The national-income accounts, developed and prepared by the
Department of Commerce's Office of Business Economics, is a dual
entry accounting system for making estimates of the Nation's total
economic activity.'
The output side of these accounts depicts the total market value of the
currently produced output of goods and services, classified by type of
expenditures — -consumer expenditures; gross private domestic invest-
ment in new construction, equipment, and inventories; Federal, State,
and local government purchases of goods and services; and net
exports. The total, as obtained by summing these items, is called the
gross national product (GNP). The total value of gross national
product is balanced by an equal amount of gross income ^ earned in
producing output. The income side of the accounts portrays this
total, classifiecl by type of income, e.g., wages and salaries, corporate
profits, rent, net interest, etc. Additional data are provided showing
various transfers of income from one sector to another, such as business
gifts to nonprofit institutions and social security benefits from the
Government which are discussed in a following section.
It should be pointed out that national-income data, although based
on accounting statements of economic units, are statistical estimates
rather than accounting totals in the ordinary sense.
THE FEDERAL SECTOR ACCOUNT
The classification of expenditures in the Federal sector account
shown in the accompanying table, has been found by the Department
of Commerce to be most useful to economists for analytical purposes.
Federal purchases of goods and services is the only category of Federal
spending which is included directly in the GNP. These purchases
represent the value of the Nation's currently produced output bought
directly by the Federal Government. They include the pay of mili-
tary and civilian employees of the Federal Government, outlays on
equipment and supplies for defense and other programs, new con-
struction, and the capital formation of Government enterprises.
' The accounts are discussed in detail in National Income, 1954 edition, pp. 143-149, and in U.S.
Kome and Ouipui. 1958 edition, pp. 5S-57 and 99-101. Each is a "Supplement to the Survey of
current Business." Current estimates on a quarterly and an annual basis are provided in the
SurOey of Current Business and in the Economic Indicators.
^ "Cross income" includes capital consumption allowance and certain charges against production.
Inc
C
SPECIAL ANALYSES
285
Table C-l. FEDERAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES IN THE
NATIONAL-INCOME ACCOUNTS, 19531960
(Fiscal years. In billions of dollars)
Description
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
I960
RECEIPTS. NATIONAL-
INCOME BASIS
Personal tax and nontax
Corporate profits tax ac-
cruals -
31.5
19.8
11.0
7.6
30.4
17.1
10.7
7.7
29.9
18.4
10.4
8.3
33.5
21.0
11.2
10.5
36.7
20.4
12.1
11.7
36.3
17.3
12.0
12.3
38.1
21.2
12.3
13.8
42.0
21.6
Indirect business tax and
nontax accruals
13.8
Contributions for social in-
surance -
16.7
Total receipts, national-
income basis
69.9
65.9
67.0
76.3
80.9
77.8
85.4
94.1
EXPENDITURES,
NATIONAL-INCOME
BASIS
Purchases of goods and
services
Transfer payments
Grants-in-aid to State and
local governments
Net interest paid
56.8
11. 1
2.8
4.8
.9
53.9
11.9
2.8
4.9
1.0
45.0
13.8
2.9
4.9
1.4
45.2
14.3
3.1
5.0
1.9
48.3
16.1
3.6
5.5
3.1
50.5
19.4
4.5
5.6
2.7
53.8
21.8
6.0
5.9
2.8
52.9
22.8
6.6
6.8
Subsidies less current sur-
plus of Government enter-
prises
2.8
Total expenditures, na-
tional-income basis...
76.2
74.5
68.1
69.5
76.5
82.8
90.2
91.9
Surplus (+) or deficit (—),
national-income basis...
-6.3
-8.6
-1.1
+6.8
+4.4
-4.9
-4.8
+2.2
Source. — Compiled from quarterly estimates published by the Department of Commerce.
Transfer payments and net interest paid by the Federal Government
are outlays in return for which no current service is deemed to be ob-
tained; the most important transfer payments are old age and sur-
vivors' insurance benefits, unemployment compensation, and military
and veterans pensions. Although such transfer payments do not
enter GXP, they do enter into the income stream and have an im-
pact on national output; they are reflected in the GNP in another
sector of the accounts when respent by the recipients.
286
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table C.2. FEDERAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
IN THE NATIONAL-INCOME ACCOUNTS, 1961-1963
(Fiscal years. In billions of dollars)
Description
Receipts, national-income basis:
Personal tax and nontax receipts
Corporate profits tax accruals
Indirect business tax and nontax accruals
Contributions for social insurance
Total receipts, national-income basis
Expenditures, national-income basis:
Purchases of goods and services
Transfer payments
Grants-in-aid to State and local governments
Net interest paid
Subsidies less current surplus of Government enterprises
Total expenditures, national-income basis
Surplus (+) or deficit (— ), national-income basis
1961
actual
42.9
20.1
13.6
18.1
94.8
54.6
25.7
6.4
6.9
3.3
97.0
-2.2
1962
estimate
46.7
24.6
14.5
19.8
105.6
60.2
27.8
7.0
6.6
4.5
106.1
-.5
1963
estimate
51.7
27.5
15.3
21.8
116.3
64.2
29.4
7.7
6.9
3.7
111.9
+4.4
Source. — Data for 1961 are based upon the quarterly estimates by the Department of Com-
merce. Data for 1962 and 1963 are estimates by the Bureau of the Budget in cooperation with
the Department of Commerce.
Federal grants-in-aid to State and local governments, like transfer
payments and net interest paid, have their impact on GNP when
respent by recipients. Most grants are for higliwaj^s, pubHc assist-
ance, education, and public health. Special Analysis H shows
Federal expenditures for aid to State and local governments, but the
definition of such aid is wider in scope than that used in the national-
income accounts.
Private incomes are also affected by Federal subsidies and by the
net surplus of Government enterprises in their operations with the
public. These subsidies less the current surplus oj Government enter-
prises reflect mainly Government payments to farmers, certain out-
lays for the export and disposal of surplus agricultural commodities,
the postal deficit, shipping subsidies, and payments to air carriers.
The receipts of the Federal sector account are shown in a four-way
classification: (1) personal tax and nontax receipts consist mostly of
individual income taxes, estate and gift taxes, and charges for Gov-
ernment services, fines, and penalties; (2) corporate profits tax accruals
are the most cyclically volatile component of the Federal sector ac-
count because of the great variability of corporate profits; (3) indirect
business tax and nontax accruals include liquor, tobacco, and other
excise taxes, customs duties, and rents and royalties; (4) contributions
for social insurance are composed cliiefly of employment taxes, con-
tributions to the retirement funds for Government employees, and
deposits by the States to the unemployment trust fund.
SPECIAL ANALYSES 287
RELATION TO OTHER MEASURES
The Federal sector account differs from the conventional budget
and the consolidated cash statement in several major respects: (1)
coverage, (2) netting and consolidation, (3) timing, and (4) the
exclusion of capital transactions. The derivation of receipts and
expenditures is shown in the following table.
With respect to coverage, the Federal sector account omits the reve-
nues and expenditures of the District of Columbia, which are classified
by the Department of Commerce in the State and local government
sector.
As to netting and consolidation, the national-income accounts record
both interest paid by the Government and Government purchases on
a net basis. Accordingly, interest received by the Government is
excluded from receipts and subtracted from Federal interest payments;
and receipts from sales of Government products are similarly sub-
tracted from Government purchases. Neither adjustment affects
the surplus or deficit, for, in effect, both receipts and expenditures are
decreased by the same amount.
Adjustments for consolidation are needed to refiect in the Federal
sector account a few transactions such as employer and employee
contributions to Federal employees' retirement funds. These contri-
butions are part of the total compensation of Government employees,
but are excluded from the consolidated cash statement. Again, the
deficit or surplus is unaffected by the adjustment, since total receipts
and expenditures are both increased by the same amount.
With respect to timing, business taxes are recorded in the national-
income accounts as thev are accrued bv the private sector, rather
than when they are collected bv the Government. The principal
timing adjustments for expenditures are: (1) The Federal sector
account records Federal purchases in terms of the delivery of goods and
services to the Government, whereas cash payments for these deliv-
eries may precede or follow. (2) The account also records guarantees
of nonrecourse loans by the Conmiodity Credit Corporation as pur-
chases at the time the guarantees are made, rather than when the
collateral is surrendered. (3) Interest on savings bonds and Treasury
bills is treated as an expenditure bv Government when the interest is
accrued, rather than when it is actually paid out in cash. (4) Certain
foreign currency activities of the Commoditv Credit Corporation re-
quire an adjustment. The Corporation facilitates exports of surplus
agricultural commodities by paying exporters in dollars and, in return,
accepting foreign currencies for the exports. Expenditures in the
Federal sector account are recorded only at the time these foreign
currencies are subsequently used for Government programs. The
consolidated cash statement, on the other hand, includes the dollar
payments to exporters but excludes both the receipt and the sub-
sequent expenditure of a large part of these foreign currencies.
Many capital transactions which are included in the two other
measures are excluded from the Federal sector. These items are
primarily loans, mortgages, other financial claims, and subscriptions
to international lending institutions. Also excluded are purchases
and sales of existing assets, such as land and secondhand property.
These exclusions generally involve exchanges of secondhand assets
or purely financial claims; they neither represent the production of
current output nor incomes earned in production.
288
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table C-3. RELATION OF THE FEDERAL SECTOR IN THE NATIONAL-
INCOME ACCOUNTS TO THE BUDGET AND THE CONSOLIDATED CASH
STATEMENT
(Fiscal years. In billions of dollars)
RECEIPTS
Budget receipts
Less : Intragovernmental transactions
Receipts from exercise of monetary authority.
Plus: Trust fund receipts
Equals: Federal receipts from the public
Adjustments for agency coverage:
Less: District of Columbia revenues —
Adjustments for netting and consolidation:
Less: Interest and other earnings
Plus: Contributions to Federal employees* retirement funds,
etc
Adjustments for timing:
Plus: Excess of corporate tax accruals over collections, per-
sonal taxes, etc
Adjustments for capital transactions:
Less: Realization upon loans and investments, sale of Gov-
ernment property, etc
Equals : Receipts — national-income accounts
EXPENDITURES
Budget expenditures
Less: Intragovernmental transactions
Accrued interest and other noncash expenditures
Plus: Trust fund expenditures
Government-sponsored enterprise expenditures (net) .,.
Equals : Federal payments to the public ^-
1961
actual
Adjustments for agency coverage:
Less: District of Columbia expenditures ,
Adjustments for netting and consolidation:
Less: Interest received and proceeds of Government sales
Plus: Contributions to Federal employees' retirement funds,
etc
Adjustments for timing:
Plus : Excess interest accruals over payments
Excess of deliveries over expenditures and other items. .
Less: Commodity Credit Corporation foreign currency ex-
changes
Adjustments for capital transactions:
Less: Loans — FNMA secondary market mortgage purchases,
redemption of IMF notes, etc
Trust and deposit fund, land, and other items
Equals: Expenditures — national-income accounts
1962
estimate
77.7
4.2
.1
23.8
97.2
.3
1.1
1.7
-1.3
1.5
94.8
81.5
4.2
.8
23.2
-.2
99.5
.3
.6
1.7
.2
.5
1.3
97.0
1963
estimate
82.1
4.0
.1
24.5
102.6
.4
1.1
1.7
3.5
.9
105.6
89.1
4.0
.1
25.6
.5
111.1
.4
1.0
1.7
.5
.1
1.1
3.7
1.1
106.1
Less than $50 million.
SPECIAL ANALYSES 289
USES AND LIMITATIONS
Each of the three measures — ^the administrative budget, consoli-
dated cash statement, and the Federal sector account — is useful
for specific kinds of analysis, and the selection of which to use should
be determined by the problem at hand. The Federal sector account
is especially suited for an analysis of fiscal policy. It was specifically
designed to complement the data on private expenditures and in-
comes contained in the national-income accounts. The accounts,
however, exclude a substantial volume of financial transactions
through which the Federal Government significantly affects the
capital and credit markets. Moreover, in financial markets, the actual
flow of cash payments to the Government may be more significant
than the accrual of tax liabilities. As a result, for purposes of analysis
of the Federal impact on such markets, the consolidated cash statement
is generally more useful than the national-income accounts.
For certain types of problems, no overall measure of receipts and
expenditures will serve adequately. Since the various receipt and
expenditure transactions have different economic effects, a given
aggregate will have an economic impact which depends importantly
on the composition of the total. In addition, many Government ac-
tivities besides receipts and expenditures affect the economy. For
example, a rapid expansion in new appropriations and in Government
orders could stimulate a rise in business activity well before either the
deliver}' of goods, the performance of services, or the payment for them.
The management of the public debt is a further factor which has a
significant impact in the money and credit markets of the economy.
Consequenth', in evaluating the economic impact of Federal Govern-
ment activities, there is no substitute for complete and detailed analy-
sis of the Government program in all its aspects.
610000 O -62 - 19
Special Analysis D
INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET EXPENDITURES
This special analysis is designed to contribute-to a greater under-
standing of the budget by dividing Federal budget expenditures into
five major categories: (1) Additions to Federal assets; (2) additions
and hnprovements to State, local, and private assets; (3) expenditures
for developmental purposes; (4) current' expenses for aids and special
services; and (5) other services and current operating expenses.
Basically, this classification distinguishes between two types of
spending: Expenditures yielding benefits largely in the current year
and those providing benefits primarily beyond the year in which they
are made. The former are essentially current expenses for aids and
special services, while the latter are principally investment-type out-
lays. Expenditures yielding benefits over a period of years are shown
in the first three classes, while outlays providing mainly current
benefits are grouped in the remaining two categories.
1. Additions to Federal assets. — ^This category includes budget ex-
penditures for direct loans, primarily to farmers, homeowners, and
foreign governments; for capital subscriptions to mixed-ownership
enterprises and certain international organizations; for public works;
for increases in major commodity inventories; for major equipment;
and for the acquisition and improvement of real property and other
physical assets.
2. Additions and improvements to State, local, and private assets.—
Federal outlays made under this category add directly to State, local,
and private physical assets. Expenditures which augment the physi-
cal assets of State and local governments are primarily for the con-
struction of hospitals, airports, waste-treatment works, watershed
protection projects, and schools in federally affected areas. Federal
expenditures which increase the value of privately owned physical
assets are made largely for the conservation and improvement of
private farms, for grants to States for the building of private hospitals
and other health facilities, and for construction subsidies to our
merchant fleet.
3. Developmental expenditures. — ^This class of Federal expenditures
includes outlays principally for research and development, education
and health, and other programs which increase the Nation's fund
of knowledge and technical skills. The amounts of spending shown
in this category do not reflect fully the Federal Government's con-
tributions to the Nation's technological progress, because they do
not take into account certain other programs which, though not
primarily designed to promote this objective, help to further this end.
Such activities are classified in accordance with their principal pur-
pose; thus veterans educational benefits and hospital services are
listed as veterans aids rather than as developmental outlays ; likewise,
military hospital services are not treated as part of the Government's
health program, but as national defense operating expenses.
290
SPECIAL ANALYSES 291
4. Current expenses for aids and special services. — This category
covers expenditures which provide aids or special services to special
groups, primarily in the year in which they are made, including ad-
ministrative and other operating expenses attrihutable to most of the
investment-type programs discussed previously and the costs of main-
taining tlieir related physical assets; also included are grants to foreign
nations for economic and military assistance. Although this category
deals essentially witli expenditures of an operating character, some of
the outhns included have implications for the Nation's future de-
velopment. Among these are grants for slum clearance and urban
renewal, and contributions to local authorities for low-rent public
housing.
This classification does not satisfactorily or completely reflect the
Federal Government's aid to special groups. First, it does not cover
all budget expenditures which provide some form of special assistance;
for example, subsidies for the construction of private merchant ships
are classified as an addition to private assets. Similarly, outlays
for which the Federal Government receives assets or collateral (as
the acquisition of farm commodities by the Commodity Credit Cor-
poration) are treated as additions to Federal assets. Second, some
Government aids are indirect and, because their dollar magnitudes
cannot be readily established, are excluded from this classification.
Examples of such indirect benefits include low interest rates on some
loans and certain preferential tax treatments.
5. Other services and current operating expenses. — The outla\s re-
ported under this category are for a wide range of objects. They
consist mainly of current expenditures for pay and subsistence of
military personnel; for the repair, maintenance, and operation of
physical assets of the national military establishment and general
purpose public buildings; for the conduct of foreign affairs; for tax
collection; for the payment of interest on the national debt; and for the
operation and administration of other direct Federal programs not
elsewhere classified.
Eecoverability of expenditures. — In general, Government expenditures
for assets are not expected to be recovered by specific revenues.
However, most loans, investment in commodity inventories, con-
struction of powerplants, and outlays for range and forest improve-
ments on the public domain are offset in whole or in part by receipts
to the Treasury in the form of sales, specific charges, or recoveries.
"Where such activities are carried on through revolving funds, re-
ceipts are credited directly against the expenditures, so that the
amounts reported for these programs in the budget and in this analy-
sis are net of receipts. In other cases, these returns are included in
miscellaneous receipts to the Treasury rather than as offsets to expendi-
tures.
WHlether recovered by specific revenues or not, these investment
and developmental expenditures both in physical and human capital
add to the wealth and income of the Nation and, by helping to expand
the tax base, augment the Government's potential future revenues.
However, the present analysis does not attempt to measure the re-
coverability of these outlays, the potential gain in public revenues
which will be forthcoming from them, nor the duration of future bene-
fits and their discounted present value.
292
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table D-1. SUMMARY OF INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER
BUDGET EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Additions to Federal assets:
Civil
3.537
16,337
1.247
11
2,380
7,356
15,629
1,427
9.050
2.830
22,364
4,669
17.694
1.362
21
3,299
7,479
17.057
1.424
8.998
3,061
24,594
75
4,508
18 158
National defense. _.
Additions and improvements to State, local, and private assets:
Civil
1 460
National defense. . . ..
135
Expenditures for other developmental purposes:
Civil
4,819
National defense . .
8,162
Current expenses for aids and special services:
Civil
16,818
National defense. . .
1,396
Other services and current operating expenses:
Civil:
Interest. .-
9,398
Other
3,186
24.840
Allowances for pay adjustments and contingencies
350
Subtotal . _ ... . . . _
82,169
654
89,732
656
93,230
Deduct interfund transactions .. . ..
693
81,515
89,075
92,537
Civil
34,673
47,494
38,446
51,212
40,190
National defense.
52,690
Comparison with capital accounting, budgeting, and funding. — This
analysis does not inake a precise distinction between capital and
current items, although it does provide useful general magnitudes.
Its purpose is to provide a broad framework for understanding Federal
expenditures, recognizing not onh' outlays to increase physical capital
and intangible assets, but also developmental expenditures which rep-
resent an investment in human capital. Moreover, it does not take
into account annual charges for depreciation and obsolescence on
existing physical assets, allowances for anticipated losses on loan
programs, and profit or loss on sales of assets at figures different from
their book value. Agencies generally keep account of such charges
according to their particular program needs, but these charges are not
reported on a Government-wide basis. As a result, it is not possible
to determine from this analysis the net addition to the value of
federally owned assets.
This analysis does not purport to be a capital budget in the sense of
a long-range program of public works and other expenditures for the
acquisition of assets. Nor is it a plan for separate financing of capital
expenditures. Some foreign governments and some State and local
governments fund i\ portion of their capital expenditures by separate
borrowing, and they usually exclude such expenditures from their
computation of budget totals, except for annual charges to amortize
these capital outlays over a number of years. The Federal budget,
on the other hand, treats both investment items and outlays for
SPECIAL ANALYSES
293
other purposes as expenditures in computing the budget surplus or
deficit.
Trust fuiK^.s'. — This analysis includes only expenditures financed
through tlie adniinistrative budget. Expenditures financed by the
trust funds are not reported herein. For example, grants for federally
aided liighways, financed through the Highway trust fund, are not
reported liere as additions to assets owned by State governments.
Table D 2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET
EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)
Description
ADDITIONS TO FEDERAL ASSETS
Loans and investments:
Civil loans:
To domestic private borrowers:
Department of Agriculture:
Commodity Credit Corporation: Price support and
grain storage loans
Rural Electrification Administration
Farmers Home Administration
Department of Commerce
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Defense
educational activities and other
Housing and Home Finance Agency:
Federal National Mortgage Association
College housing loans
Federal Housing Administration
Other :-.---:
Veterans Administration:
Readjustment benefits
Housing loans:
Veterans direct loans .
Loan guarantee revolving fund
Other --r----.
Small Business Administration
Other agencies
Total, to domestic private borrowers, civil.
To State and local governments:
Housing and Home Finance Agency:
College housing loans
Public facility loans
Other
District of Columbia
Other agencies
Total, to State and local governments, civiL
To foreign borrowers, other than to international institutions:
Funds appropriated to the President: Foreign assistance-
economic
Export-Import Bank of Washington
Total, to foreign borrowers, civil.
Total, civil loans
1961
actual
-272
291
321
58
-2
100
72
-4
95
174
908
100
9
14
20
28
1962
estimate
171
348
132
480
,558
151
320
149
11
76
28
125
77
180
130
*
220
21
1,495
125
27
18
57
42
269
1963
estimate
565
10
575
2.339
'Less than one-half million dollars.
294
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET
EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
ADDITIONS TO FEDERAL ASSETS— Continued
Loans and investments — Continued
National defense loans:
To domestic private borrowers:
Funds appropriated to the President: Expansion of defense
production
Department of Defense — Military
Total to domestic private borrowers, national defense. _
To foreign borrowers: Funds appropriated to the President.
Total, national defense loans.
Total loans
Other financial investments:
Investments in quasi-public institutions and trust funds:
Department of Labor: Advances to unemployment trust
fund
Housing and Home Finance Agency: Federal National
Mortgage Association: Secondary market operations. .
Farm Credit Administration
Total investments in quasi-public institutions and trust
funds
Investments in international institutions:
Funds appropriated to the President:
International Development Association.
Inter-American Development Bank
Department of State:
Purchase of United Nations bonds
Total investments in international institutions.
Total other financial investments
Total loans and investments
Public works — sites and direct construction:
Civil:
Legislative Branch
Department of Agriculture:
Forest Service
Other
Department of Commerce:
National Bureau of Standards: Construction..
Other ...
Department of Defense — Civil:
Corps of Engineers — Civil
The Panama Canal
Other
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Department of the Interior:
Bureau of Reclamation
Bonneville Power Administration
National Park Service
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Other
1961
actual
-42
-43
-9
-52
1.506
60
74
74
134
1,640
759
18
I
31
202
25
50
31
20
1962
-3
2.335
-55
17
-4
-42
62
no
100
272
229
2.564
1963
estimate
40
56
7
6
12
760
30
1
36
214
19
51
38
28
SPECIAL ANALYSES
295
Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET
EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
ADDITIONS TO FEDERAL ASSETS— Continued
Public works — sites and direct construction — Continued
Civil — Continued
Post Office Department ..
32
13
140
103
98
55
11
159
42
49
18
151
154
154
70
25
202
62
47
Department of State
26
Federal Aviation Agency _ ......
157
General Services Administration: Public buildings
215
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
285
Veterans Administration: Hospitals ..
72
Smithsonian Institution
11
Tennessee Valley Authority
157
Other
48
Total, public works, civil ..
1.874
2.183
2.452
National defense:
Department of Defense — Military:
Military construction (excluding infrastructure)
1.603
1.225
3
275
1,181
Other
*
Atomic Energy Commission
293
268
Total, public works, national defense
1,896
1,503
1.450
Total, public works, sites and direct construction . .
3.770
3.686
3.902
Major commodity inventories:
Civil:
Department of Agriculture: Commodity Credit Corpora-
tion: Agricultural commodities
-390
-620
-401
26
Total, major commodity inventories, civil
-390
-620
-376
National defense:
Funds appropriated to the President: Expansion of defense
32
26
40
16
8
6
Department of Defense — Military: Civil defense
60
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Emergency
health activities
31
Other agencies - -
17
7
Total, major commodity inventories, national defense
49
90
104
Total, major commodity inventories
-341
-531
-272
Major equipment:
Civil:
Department of Commerce - .
15
36
23
28
51
Other agencies . .. - --
38
Total, major equipment, civil _
51
51
89
National defense:
Department of Defense — Military
12.965
116
-1
14.694
154
*
15,221
Atomic Energy Commission -
157
*
13,080
14.847
15.377
Total, major equipment -
13,132
14,898
15.466
1
* Less than one- half million dollars.
296
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET
EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
ADDITIONS TO FEDERAL ASSETS— Continued
Other physical assets — acquisition and improvement:
Civil:
Department of Agriculture:
Forest Service _ -- -_
77
1
24
152
-3
52
7
46
1
26
264
-3
141
12
26
Other _
1
Department of the Interior - ..
38
Housing and Home Finance Agency:
Federal Housing Administration .. .- .-._
296
Other ,.
*
Veterans Administration.-
1
Other agencies .
24
Total, other physical assets, civil _ . .
310
487
386
National defense:
Atomic Energy Commission ._ -. ._
1,364
*
1,257
1,237
Other agencies - -.-
Total, other physical assets, national defense
1,364
1,257
1,237
Total, other physicalassets — acquisition and improvement.
1.674
1.745
1,623
Total, additions to Federal assets
19,875
22,362
22.665
ADDITIONS TO STATE, LOCAL, AND PRIVATE
PHYSICAL ASSETS
State and local physical assets:
Civil:
Department of Agriculture: Flood prevention and water-
shed protection --
32
32
43
36
15
53
70
45
6
81
8
14
58
Department of Commerce:
Bureau of Public Roads -
42
Area redevelopment - _ _ _
30
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare:
School construction in federally affected areas, .
59
64
44
4
65
49
76
Waste treatment works construction
55
Other \
20
Federal Aviation Agency: Grants in aid for airports
Housing and Home Finance Agency: Open space land grants.
Other agencies - - __ _
76
42
6
31
Total, State and local physical assets, civil
307
371
480
National defense:
Department of Defense — Military: Civil defense
20
1
135
11
Total, national defense
1!
21
135
Total, State and local physical assets
318
392
615
*Less than one-half million dollars.
SPECIAL ANALYSES
297
Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET
EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
ADDITIONS TO STATE, LOCAL, AND PRIVATE PHYSI-
CAL ASSETS— Continued
Private physical assets, civil:
Department of Agriculture:
Agricultural stabilization and conservation
Soil Conservation. . .
614
105
1
97
93
20
I
7
2
596
106
7
114
102
24
7
34
2
585
109
Other
-4
Department of Commerce: Merchant ships . _ _ .
103
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare:
Private hospital construction
111
Health research facilities
30
Other
5
National Science Foundation
39
Other agencies . - - _
2
Total, private physical assets, civil ,
940
991
980
Total, additions to State, local, and private physical assets.
1,258
1,383
1.595
EXPENDITURES FOR OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL
PURPOSES
Education, training, and health:
Civil:
Department of Agriculture: Cooperative extension work
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare:
Office of Education:
Defense educational activities
Aid to public elementary and secondary education.
67
77
71
103
72
114
75
Payments to school districts.
208
40
27
63
48
123
26
27
52
3
7
62
227
40
36
73
51
148
21
63
69
3
12
63
195
Vocational education . _
41
Other
76
Office of Vocational Rehabilitation
Public Health Service:
Indian health activities
84
54
National Institutes of Health. _ _ ___ _.
170
Community health practice and research. .
22
Other
102
Social Security Administration:
Grants, maternal and child welfare
75
Other -
7
Other
16
Department of the Interior: Bureau of Indian Affairs
Department of Labor:
Manpower development and training. . . . ..
75
60
Youth employment opportunities
60
Other. ..
4
62
14
5
74
14
5
National Science Foundation
Other agencies . . . _
93
16
Total, education, training, and health, civil
National defense: Atomic Energy Commission . _ ..
908
14
1.073
15
1,413
16
Total, education, training, and health
921
1,088
1,430
298
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3
Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET
EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
EXPENDITURES FOR OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL
PURPOSES— Continued
Research and development:
Civil:
Department of Agriculture:
Agricultural Research Service
Cooperative State Experiment Station Service
Other.. __.
Department of Commerce:
National Bureau of Standards
Other
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare:
Public Health Service:
National Institutes of Health
Other
Other .
Department of the Interior:
Bureau of Mines
Geological Survey
Other
Federal Aviation Agency
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Science Foundation
Other agencies
Total, research and development, civil.
National defense:
Department of Defense — Military:
Military personnel: Research and development.
Procurement: Test and evaluation support
Research, development, test, and evaluation
Civil defense
Military assistance
Atomic Energy Commission
Other agencies
Total, research and development, national defense.
Total, research and development
Engineering and natural resource surveys:
Civil:
Department of the Interior
Other agencies
Total, engineering and natural resource surveys
Total, expenditures for other developmental purposes.
1961
actual
295
35
23
25
42
22
50
646
70
39
.409
205
130
6,131
31
843
2
7,342
8,751
64
9,736
1962
estimate
450
44
27
26
46
27
57
1,146
84
54
2.146
206
142
6,039
10
18
1,049
7.464
9,610
80
10,778
1963
estimate
81
38
42
25
23
535
49
40
26
54
38
74
2.115
116
55
3.311
207
135
6,650
17
16
1,122
8.146
11.457
27
95
12.982
'Less than one- half million dollars.
SPECIAL ANALYSES
299
Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET
EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
CURRENT EXPENSES FOR AIDS AND SPECIAL
SERVICES
Agriculture:
Civil:
Department of Agriculture:
Commodity Credit Corporation and special export pro-
grams:
Sales for foreign currency
Price support, supply, and related programs
Long-term supply contracts
Transfer to supplemental stockpile
National Wool Act
International Wheat Agreement
Special milk program
Other .-_.- .
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service:
Sugar Act
Other - -
Agricultural Marketing Service:
Removal of surplus agricultural commodities
Special milk program
Other . : .
Farmers Home Administration:
Direct loans
Other
Other
Other agencies
Total, agriculture.
Business:
Civil:
Department of Commerce:
Maritime Administration: Ship operating subsidies and
administration
Patent Office
Other .
Department of Defense — Civil:
Corps of Engineers — Civil: Operation and maintenance...
Other
Post Office Department
Treasury Department: Coast Guard: Navigation aids
Federal Aviation Agency
Civil Aeronautics Board : Payments to air carriers
Other agencies
Total, civil..
National defense.
Total, business.
Labor:
Department of Labor:
Payment to Federal extended compensation account.
Other
Other agencies
Total, labor -
1961
actual
1.455
1,992
201
61
76
87
-3
72
203
"]4
4.254
155
23
28
90
-11
'875
199
333
78
1.787
7
1.794
498
8
7
514
1962
estimate
1.333
2.966
156
225
67
81
105
I
82
17
225
-25
33
68
24
5.366
211
24
42
102
-15
794
208
366
83
26
.841
17
.859
342
19
6
367
1963
estimate
1.131
2.925
258
250
70
81
87
18
235
101
6
-25
35
78
7
5.255
228
26
59
99
-II
192
217
415
85
30
1.340
4
.343
25
6
300
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3
Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET
EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
CURRENT EXPENSES FOR AIDS AND SPECIAL
SERVICES— Continued
Homeowners and tenants:
Housing and Home Finance Agency:
Public housing _
151
139
61
-232
-74
-35
*
173
219
-33
-128
12
-239
*
192
Urban renewal
338
Federal National Mortgage Association
-42
Federal Housing Administration .. .
-186
Office of Administrator
33
Federal Home Loan Bank Board
-270
Other agencies
*
Total, homeowners and tenants
9
3
64
Veterans:
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Reimburse-
ment for military service credits
79
Veterans Administration:
Direct benefits
Hospitals and medical care
Insurance - <
3,883
956
25
-22
3,884
1,001
70
-20
-83
163
10
3,988
1,025
24
Housing loans
Loan guarantee revolving fund - _ _
-27
6
General operation and other
166
10
158
Other agencies
26
Total, veterans . _
5,017
5.025
5,278
International:
Civil:
Funds appropriated to the President:
Foreign assistance — economic
Peace Corps . . _-
1,457
1,370
10
1,426
52
Other
*
199
-94
21
Department of Agriculture: Commodity Credit Corporation :
Emergency famine relief to friendly peoples
Export-Import Bank of Washington
Other agencies
281
-111
22
300
-114
37
Total, international, civil
1,582
1.573
1,701
National defense: Department of Defense — Military:
Military assistance
1,418
■ 2
1,382
25
1,384
Military construction (infrastructure)
8
Total, international, national defense
1.420
1,407
1,392
Total, international
3,002
2,980
3,093
Other aids and special services:
Department of Agriculture: School lunch program ..
Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare:
Public assistance
Hospitals and medical care_ _ . _
Assistance for Cuban refugees
154
22
2.167
47
170
9
2,569
48
190
2
2,775
48
42
Other
23
29
25
34
25
Department of the Interior: Bureau of Indian Affairs
38
*Less than one-half million dollars.
SPECIAL ANALYSES
301
Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET
EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
CURRENT EXPENSES FOR AIDS AND SPECIAL
SERVICES— Continued
Other aids and special services — Continued
Other agencies
Totai, other aids and special services
Total, current expenses for aids and special services.
OTHER SERVICES AND CURRENT OPERATING
EXPENSES
Repair, maintenance, and operation of physical assets (exclud-
ing special services):
Civil:
Department of Agriculture: Forest Service
Department of Defense — Civil: Corps of Engineers
Department of the Interior:
Bureau of Reclamation
National Park Service
Other .------: rv:"-
General Services Administration: Real property activities_-
Tennessee Valley Authority
Other agencies
Total, repair, maintenance, and operation, civil.
National defense:
Department of Defense — Military:
Operation and maintenance
Revolving funds
Atomic Energy Commission
Total, repair, maintenance, and operation, national defense.
Total, repair, maintenance, and operation of physical assets.
Regulation and control:
The Judiciary
Department of Agriculture:
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service: Acreage
allotments and marketing quotas
Agricultural Marketing Service
Agricultural Research Service
Other
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Department of Justice:
Federal Bureau of I nvestigation
Legal activities and general administration
Immigration and Naturalization Service
Federal prisons
Treasury Department:
Bureau of Customs
Other
Federal Aviation Agency
Other agencies
Total, regulation and control.
24
2.466
17,056
122
52
37
36
49
193
-134
27
381
10,611
-299
84
10.397
10,777
52
725
27
2.881
18.481
no
56
43
38
50
202
-139
31
391
11.595
-265
79
11.410
11.800
58
44
44
24
28
70
77
1
18
21
125
127
48
52
62
63
44
44
59
63
28
28
33
40
118
131
780
28
3.149
18.214
111
58
47
38
37
215
-110
32
425
1. 511
170
80
11.421
11.846
61
44
30
82
1
27
130
56
64
47
65
29
41
143
821
302
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 63
Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET
EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
OTHER SERVICES AND CURRENT OPERATING
EXPENSES— Continued
Operation and administration of other civil activities:
International activities:
Department of State:
Foreign affairs administration
137
53
36
8
*
114
146
126
41
3
1
126
1
153
International organizations and conferences
Educational exchange
Other
73
55
2
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission
United States Information Agency
Other agencies - _._ . .--._
11
139
1
Total, international activities
348
443
433
Federal financial activities:
Treasury Department:
Internal Revenue Service
408
24
47
26
41
5
447
30
48
28
43
5
520
Bureau of Accounts . _ . . -
31
Bureau of the Public Debt.
56
Other -
28
General Accounting Office ,_.
44
Other agencies _._ ._._
4
Total, Federal financial activities - -
551
600
683
Other direct Federal programs:
Legislative Branch
98
9
10
49
2
33
29
*
53
39
106
8
11
56
2
34
43
*
105
41
107
Executive Office of the President:
Office of Emergency Planning _- ..
8
Other
12
Department of Commerce:
Weather Bureau . . -
61
Other -
1
Department of Defense — Civil - -
37
Treasury Department:
Claims, judgments, and private relief acts -
5
Other
*
General Services Administration
104
Other agencies -_ --
39
Total, other direct Federal programs _ -
322
405
372
Retirement, unemployment, and accident compensation for
Federal employees:
Department of Labor:
Employees' compensation claims and expenses
62
171
30
53
5
63
144
32
19
2
62
Unemployment compensation for Federal employees
Treasury Department: Coast Guard retired pay and Secret
Service annuities ._ -
131
33
Civil Service Commission
24
Other agencies __ _ _
3
Total, retirement, unemployment, and accident compensa-
tion for Federal employees
321
260
252
*Less than one-half million dollars.
SPECIAL ANALYSES
303
Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET
EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
OTHER SERVICES AND CURRENT OPERATING
EXPENSES— Continued
Operation and administration of other civil activities — Continued
Shared revenues and grants-in-aid:
Department of Agriculture: Forest Service
36
52
29
25
25
15
26
54
29
27
30
18
30
Department of the Interior:
Bureau of Land Management- -
59
Other
34
Treasury Department - .. _ . _.
27
District of Columbia: Federal payment
Other agencies .
32
18
Total, shared revenues and grants-in-aid
182
183
199
Total, operation and administration of other civil activities.
1.724
1.891
1.940
Other national defense operation and administration:
Executive Office of the President: Office of Emergency Plan-
ning - --
24
11.880
6
13.044
68
30
36
Department of Defense — Military:
Military personnel (excluding research and development) . . .
Civil defense
13,208
138
General Services Administration: Strategic and critical ma-
terials. .--- -- . --
30
33
35
Selective Service System . .
37
Other agencies . .
*
Total, other national defense operation and administration.
11.967
13.184
13.419
Interest:
On the public debt
8.957
8.900
9,300
Other interest:
On refunds: Treasury Department
On uninvested funds: Treasury Department _
83
10
88
10
88
10
Total other interest .
93
98
98
Total interest .
9.050
8.998
9.398
Total, other services and current operating expenses
Allowances for pay adjustments and contingencies
34.244
36.653
75
37,424
350
Subtotal
Deduct interfund transactions
82.169
654
89.732
656
93,230
693
Grand total . . .....
81,515
89.075
92.537
'Less than one-half million dollars.
Special Analysis E
FEDERAL CREDIT PROGRAMS
INTRODUCTION
Many Federal departments and agencies provide credit assistance
to specific borrowers in order to help achieve the basic objectives of
the Government programs. Most prominent are the various loan,
loan insurance and loan guarantee programs (a) for improvement of
housing and encouragement of home ownership and community
development; (b) for assistance to farm production and rural com-
munities; and (c) for promotion of economic development abroad.
In addition, more specialized credit aids are available for specific types
of domestic business, such as small businesses, shipping, aviation,
railroads, and commercial fisheries; for college students; and for firms
and public agencies in areas of chronic unemployment or underem-
ployment.
Federal Credit Programs
New Commitmenfs
% BitlioiM
30-
25-
/
^
/
Totol
20- V
1 /
^
~
/
in
Guarantees
and Insurance
1 1
5-
^
"^W-
■«^~^ D
irect Loai
M
0-
! f
1953 1954
Fiscal Years
1955
1956 1957 1958 1959
I960
1961
1962 1963
Estimate
These programs are intended to supplement, rather than to sub-
stitute for private credit. In some cases they fill gaps by providing
or stimulating a type of credit not otherwise generally available to
important groups of borrowers. Often they assume or share in risks
304
SPECIAL ANALYSES 305
which private lenders, at least initially, cannot reasonably be expected
to undertake. Similarly, terms on whicli the assistance is provided
at times are more liberal, with longer maturities, smaller downpay-
ments, or lower interest rates than are generally' available otherwise.
Often the loans are part of a package of Federal assistance, which
may include, for example, technical aids enabling tenant farmers to
build more efficient farm units or helping underdeveloped countries to
plan and construct basic transportation systems.
Unlike almost all other Government programs, the initial expendi-
tures involved for credit programs are largely or wholly repayable,
so that the ultimate net cost is normally low. Some programs are
fully self-supporting; in most others, the income from interest pay-
ments or insurance and guarantee fees covers most of the current
expenses and/or provides reserves for future losses. Customarily
administrative expenses are paid from income, but occasionally
separate appropriations are made to finance them. In short, in the
main these programs are methods of helping borrowers to help them-
selves, rather than expenditures yielding only indirect returns to the
Federal Government.
COVERAGE OF SPECIAL ANALYSIS
While specific borrowers do not usually require continuing credit
assistance, the number of types of assistance and the overall level of
activity in Federal credit programs has been gradually increasing.
The analysis this year includes all major credit programs of 18 sep-
arate Federal agencies, as well as the credit aids for defense production
administered by several agencies.' The newly authorized area
redevelopment loan programs and the rapidly expanding program of
housing loans for the elderly are included in the analysis for the first
time. Loan programs of important quasi-public a^iicies are ex-
cluded from tables E-1 to E-5, but their outstanding loans are shown
in table E-6.
The analysis excludes interagency credit used to finance budget
expenditures, such as borrowing from the Treasury' b\' other Govern-
ment agencies, whether for loan or other programs. A irumber of
small and relatively inactive programs and the first-year activities of
newly proposed programs, such as college facility loans also are ex-
cluded. Even with these exclusions, the tabulations account for
almost all new commitments of Federal credit agencies in 1963.
NEW COMMITMENTS
New commitments provide the best single measure of the trends in
most Federal credit programs. They also give the best advance in-
dication of trends in the economic impact of these programs, since
changes in the level of new commitments usualh' precede correspond-
ing changes in the volume of loans disbursed by either public agencies
or private lenders and in the purchase of goods and services by the
ultimate borrowers.
In this study, commitnrents are defined as approvals by Federal
agencies of direct loans or of insurance or guarantees of private loans.
' Supplementary material containing brief summaries of each of the major programs with emphasis
on current developments is available on request from the Bureau of the Budget.
610000 O -62 -20
306
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
The>' are shown on a gross basis, including connnitnients which do not
later result in actual credit extension, as well as the unguaranteed
portions of loans partially covered by Federal guarantees.
Table EI. NEW COMMITMENTS FOR MAJOR FEDERAL CREDIT PRO-
GRAMS CLASSIFIED BY TYPE OF ASSISTANCE, MAJOR AGENCY
OR PROGRAM (in millions of dollars)
Agency or program
1961 actual
Direct
loans
Guar-
antees
and
insur-
ance
1962 estimate
Direct
loans
Guar-
antees
and
insur-
ance
1963 estimate
Direct
loans
Guar-
antees
and
insur-
ance
Housing and Home Finance Agency:
Federal National Mortgage Association _
Urban Renewal Administration
Community Facilities Administration
Federal Housing Administration
Public Housing Administration
Veterans Administration
Department of Agriculture:
Rural Electrification Administration
Farmers Home Administration
Commodity Credit Corporation
Department of Commerce:
Area Redevelopment Administration
Maritime Administration
Civil Aeronautics Board
Interstate Commerce Commission
Expansion of defense production
Small Business Administration
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Export-Import Bank
Department of State: Agency for Inter-
national Development
291
77
389
130
288
213
417
364
220
194
10,457
311
1,702
28
1,594
575
119
538
193
417
237
367
405
353
99
304
12,698
446
2,440
81
2,621
1,000
149
558
248
448
275
480
461
297
281
107
1.189
1,208
146
27
15
""437"
92
919
2.014
307
45
476
92
822
2,653
Total by type of assistance.
Grand total
5,175
14,654
6,780
19,223
8.077
394
13,904
453
2,490
81
2,125
95
10
75
58
124
408
100
20,317
19,829
26,003
28.394
Direct loans. — The new commitments of $8.1 billion estimated for
direct loans in 1963, represent a 60% increase above the actual com-
mitments in 1961, and if realized will be substantially above any
previous level of Government lending activit3^ Almost all major
programs will share in the expected expansion, with the greatest
growth in commitments by the Agency for International Development,
for loans to developing countries, and by the Federal National Mort-
gage Association, primarily to purchase insured mortgages to finance
housing construction and improvement for moderate income families
and in urban renewal areas.
Guarantees and insurance. — New commitments for Federal guar-
antees and insurance of private loans in 1963 for the first time are
expected to exceed $20 billion. Over 80% of these will cover
housing loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration or
guaranteed b}' the Veterans Administration. Guarantees of agri-
SPECIAL ANALYSES 307
cultural crop support loans by the Coinniodity Credit Corporation
will also continue at high levels.
Overlapping commitments -The total estimated commitments of
$28.4 billion include several cases wiiere two or more types of Federal
assistaTice are provided for the same borrower or on the same property
at different stages in the financing process. The most significant
overlap in such commitments is probably tlie purchase of insured or
guaranteed mortgages by the Federal National Mortgage Association;
there are also numerous cases where builders construct houses with the
aid of commitments for mortgage insurance from Federal Housing
Administration, but later sell them to veterans whose purchases
are financed b}^ mortgages guaranteed by the Veterans Administration.
DISBURSEMENTS AND REPAYMENTS
Direct loans can have a major budgetary impact, since the difference
between disbursements and repayments represents net expenditures or
receipts. Federal guarantees and insurance of private loans, on the
other hand, ordinarily have only a minor effect on Federal expendi-
tures, since the>' result primarily in expenditures by private financial
institutions. Net expenditures for Federal credit assistance, there-
fore, give only a partial picture of the economic impact of most of
these programs.
Net expenditures of all Government lending programs (with the
exception of loans from trust funds or b>' quasi-public agencies, shown
in table E-6) are included in the budget totals. In most cases collec-
tions are offset directh' against expenditures. Prior to 1962, however,
collections on most loans made by the Farmers Home Administration
were deposited in miscellaneous receipts. This is still true for the
Rural Electrification Administration, but under proposed legislation
b}^ 1963 both agencies will be on a revolving fund basis. In the case
of foreign loans, disbursements and repayments in foreign currencies
are included in the analysis, though they are not included in budget
expenditures and receipts.
Gross loan disbursements of major Federal credit programs have
been increasing substantialh' during 1962 and will rise even further
in 1963 to an estimated $8.1 billion. However, repayments on out-
standing loans are also rising, in part because the Export-Import
Bank, and the Veterans Administration are undertaking special efforts
to transfer increased amounts of their present loans to private lenders.
As a result, net expenditures of $2.4 billion are now estimated for 1963,
or less than 10% of the anticipated level of commitments for loan,
guarantee, and insurance programs combined. After adding in net
expenditures for other credit programs and adjusting for repayments
going directly to miscellaneous receipts and for loans in foreign cur-
rencies, net budget expenditures for loans will amount to an estimated
$1.S billion.
The largest increases in loan disbursements are expected to be those
of the new Agency for International Development, authorized by
Public Law 87-195. The net increase of over $800 million forecast
over the 2-year period for this program accounts for most of the total
increase in net expenditures for all credit programs. Other major
programs with substantial increases in net expenditures include the
college housing and other loan programs of the Community Facilities
308
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3
Table E-2. DISBURSEMENTS AND REPAYMENTS FOR MAJOR FEDERAL
CREDIT PROGRAMS CLASSIFIED BY AGENCY OR PROGRAM
(in millions of dollars)
Agency or program
1961 actual
Dis-
burse-
ments
Repay-
ments
1962 estimate
Dis-
burse-
ments
Repay-
ments
1963 estimate
Dis-
burse-
ments
Repay-
ments
Housing and Home Finance Agency:
Federal National Mortgage Association.
Urban Renewal Administration
Community Facilities Administration
Federal Housing Administration
Public Housing Administration
Veterans Administration
Department of Agriculture:
Rural Electrification Administration
Farmers Home Administration
Commodity Credit Corporation
Department of Commerce:
Area Redevelopment Administration
Maritime Administration
Interstate Commerce Commission
Expansion of defense production
Small Business Administration
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Treasury Department: Loan to United
Kingdom
Export-Import Bank
Department of State: Agency for Inter-
national Development
221
no
229
87
132
339
291
369
1.365
223
104
16
15
127
92
111
262
1,637
249
150
317
92
186
411
320
478
2,456
20
221
140
22
15
185
102
118
347
2,306
438
153
488
70
193
379
360
530
2.501
79
27
19
230
143
27
68
192
365
128
363
2,944
2
18
17
190
58
72
103
15
25
365
75
526
734
53
395
70
900
.194
54
891
74
11
435
92
800
1.605
20
231
55
911
94
Total-
4.669
3.307
7.253
4.654
8.134
5.791
Net addition to loans:
Major agencies or programs
Other agencies or programs
Adjustment for repayments going directly
into miscellaneous receipts
Adjustment for net expenditures in foreign
currencies, deduct
,362
50
442
348
2.599
90
211
565
2.343
120
159
809
Total budget expenditures '
1.506
2.335
.813
' See special analysis D. p. 294.
Administration, the mortgage purchase programs of the Federal
National Mortgage Association, and the business lending operations
of the Small Business Administration. The largest single program
in terms of disbursements is the price support program of the
Commodity Credit Corporation, but in 1963 repayments (including
collateral acquisitions) are expected to exceed disbursements.
Neither current repayments nor net expenditures provide any
measure of the ultimate recoverability of the loans made. As pre-
viously indicated, interest or premiums cover most or all expenses
and losses for many programs. In some, the legislative mandates
make losses probable from time to thne, such as for the nonrecourse
SPECIAL ANALYSES
309
loans of the ( V>ininoclil>' Credit (Corporation and the loan gnarantec
program of tlio Veterans Administration.
OUTSTANDING DIRECT AND GUARANTEED LOANS
The best index of the level of Federal credit programs over a period
of years is provided b> the total outstanding direct and guaranteed
loans. By the close of 1963 these will total $115 billion for major
programs, and with numerous smaller programs nearly $116 billion.
Table E-3. OUTSTANDING DIRECT LOANS, GUARANTEES, AND INSURANCE
FOR MAJOR FEDERAL CREDIT PROGRAMS CLASSIFIED BY AGENCY
OR PROGRAM (in millions of dollars)
Agency or progra
Housing and Home Finance Agency:
Federal National Mortgage Association.
Urban Renewal Administration
Community Facilities Administration...
Federal Housing Administration
Public Housing Administration
Veterans Administration
Department of Agriculture:
Rural Electrification Administration
Farmers Home Administration
Commodity Credit Corporation
Department of Commerce:
Area Redevelopment Administration
Maritime Administration
Civil Aeronautics Board
Interstate Commerce Commission
Expansion of defense production
Small Business Administration
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Treasury Department: Loan to United
Kingdom
Export-Import Bank
Department of State: Agency for Inter-
national Development
Total by type of assistance.
Grand total:
Major agencies or programs.
Other agencies or programs.
All agencies.
1961 actual
Direct
loans
3.416
79
1,080
448
97
1,618
3,367
1.087
917
154
158
481
131
3.314
3.369
4.216
23.932
Guaran-
tees and
insur-
ance
713
35.726
3.739
29.864
182
606
355
25
126
271
50
165
27
71.849
95.781
462
96.243
1962 estimate
Direct
loans
3,444
89
1,375
572
98
1.927
3.568
1,207
1,066
20
135
15
154
713
206
3.260
3.377
5.336
26.562
Guaran-
tees and
insur-
ance
953
40.160
4.091
30.600
254
1. 124
450
33
180
256
71
471
100
78.743
105,305
519
105.824
1963 estimate
Direct
loans
3.653
99
1,836
682
99
1.941
3.800
1.367
605
99
117
15
144
918
297
3.205
3.266
6.847
28.990
Guaran-
tees and
insur-
ance
1,274
45.769
4,498
31.050
311
1.045
550
37
245
242
107
879
200
86.207
115.197
549
115.746
As a result of the continuing excess of loan disbursements over
repa\ nients, outstanding direct loans of major programs are expected
to rise b>- $,5 billion in the 2 >ears ending June 30, 1963, to almost
$29 billion. About half of the increase will be in foreign loans by
the Agencv for International Development, reflecting in part the
310 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
increased emphasis on development assistance, largely in tlie form of
loans rather than grants. The largest other increases in loans out-
standing will be by the Rural Electrification Administration, the Small
Business Administration, the Veterans Administration, the Commu-
nity Facilities Administration, and the Farmers Home Administration.
Outstanding guaranteed and insured loans are expected to increase
by about $14 billion during the 2-year period to an estimated $86
billion at the end of 1963, with the increase concentrated as usual in
the mortgage insurance programs of the Federal Housing Administra-
tion. These programs, together with the loan guarantee programs of
the Veterans Administration and the Public Housing Administration,
will continue to account for more than 90% of all outstanding guar-
antees and insurance. The sharpest increase in relative terms is
expected by the Export-Import Bank, which is encouraging increased
private participation in its program.
The amounts shown include both the guaranteed and nonguaranteed
portion of outstanding loans in order to give a clearer picture of the
economic impact of these programs and to tie in better with banking
statistics. They do not, howevei, indicate the estimated contingent
liability of the Federal Government. The major program for which
the contingent liability differs materially from the principal amount
of the loans is the veterans loan guarantee program; by the end of
1963, the Government's liability will be about $13.9 billion lower
than the outstanding amount of such loans.
NEW COMMITMENT AUTHORITY
New commitment authority includes any additional loan or loan
guarantee authority made available or recommended. There are
several kinds of new commitment authority. Budget authorizations
are those included in budget totals of new obligational authority; they
consist either of appropriations or of authorizations to expend from
public or corporate debt receipts. Other authorizations, which do
not normally give rise to budget expenditures, mainly consist of in-
surance and guarantee authorizations.
Table E-4 summarizes new commitment authority of the 16 agen-
cies or major credit programs which have received, or will need,
additional authority available during the period. , New commitment
authority required for 1963 is estimated at $15.4 billion. The in-
creases in authority from 1961 and 1962 levels represent mainly
larger insurance authorizations for the Federal Housing Administra-
tion and the sharp rises in the lendnig authority of the Agency for
International Development and the Commodity Credit Corporation.
New commitment authority for most credit programs has been
provided by the Congress in the basic legislation rather than in appro-
priation acts. Since most new coniniitnients can be financed out of
uncommitted balances of prior authorizations, or out of funds made
available by collections on outstanding loans, many programs do not
need new commitment authority in any one year. In 1963, congres-
sional appi'ov^al is requested or anticipated for new commitment au-
tliority for seven agencies.
SPECIAL ANALYSES
311
Table E-4. NEW COMMITMENT AUTHORITY FOR MAJOR FEDERAL CREDIT
PROGRAMS CLASSIFIED BY TYPE OF AUTHORIZATION, AGENCY, OR
MAJOR PROGRAM (in millions of dollars)
1961 actual
1962 estimate
1963 estimate
Agency or program
Budget
authori-
zations
Other
Budget
authori-
zations
Other
Budget
authori-
zations
Other
Housing and Home Finance Agency:
Federal National Mortgage Association.
Urban Renewal Administration . .
814
92
"4ji4"
224
859
"150"
.-
27
'"""393"
"'506"
408
336
1.018
122
" "260"
98
1.258
139
153
"5734"
340
1.230
"""175'
" "'413"
""'260'
344
10
2.490
137
216
Community Facilities Administration. ..
Federal Housing Administration
1.076
"6^2i2
Public Housing Administration .
345
Veterans Administration
Department of Agriculture:
Rural Electrification Administration
Farmers Home Administration
Commodity Credit Corporation
Department of Commerce: Area Rede-
velopment Administration
Civil Aeronautics Board
150
310
467
1,226
300
1.380
' "175
11
9
Interstate Commerce Commission
Expansion of defense production . .
41
14
433
36
38
1.125
"""300"
98
1.770
27
Small Business Administration-
50
114
676
78
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Department of State: Agency for Inter-
national Development
1.190
Total by type of authorization
5.183
6.129
4.435
8.981
5.625
9.769
Grand total. .
11.
312
13.
416
15.394
In most loan insurance and guarantee programs the authority
provided by the basic statute is indefinite. In these cases, the tabu-
lations show new authorizations equal to the net amount of the
guaranteed or insured portion of new commitments.
STATUS OF CREDIT AUTHORITY
Commitment authority for most major credit programs remains
available until utilized or until the program expires. Hence, witli
only a few exceptions, the existing authority represents the cumula-
tive total of amounts made available in prior years.
Cumulative net authority. — Two types of connnitnient authority are
provided for Federal credit programs. Most of the major programs
operate on a revolving fund basis, that is, collections on outstanding
loans and expirations of insurance coinniitnients permit reuse of the
original authority. Leading examples include all lending programs of
Government corporations and tiie insurance programs of ti)e Federal
Housing Administration. Limitations, if any, are ordinarily in
terms of maximum amounts of loans outstanding, maximum borrow-
ings from Treasury, or maximum amounts of insurance or guarantee
liabilitv.
312
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table E-5. STATUS OF CREDIT AUTHORITY FOR MAJOR FEDERAL
CREDIT PROGRAMS CLASSIFIED BY AGENCY OR PROGRAM
(in millions of dollars)
1961
actual
1962
esti-
mate
1963
total
Hous-
ing and
Home
Finance
Agency
Veter-
ans
Admin-
istra-
tion
Depart-
ment of
Agri-
culture
Other
domes-
tic
credit
pro-
grams '
Inter-
na-
tional
loans 2
Cumulative net commitment
authority at beginning of
year:
Definite limitation
Indefinite limitation
New commitment authority
during year:
Definite limitation
Indefinite limitation
Adjustments
32.660
62,763
5,145
6,167
-4,774
34,029
67,932
4,590
8.826
-2.131
37.428
75,818
5,780
9.614
-4.981
10.288
51.637
413
6.910
-354
1,830
17,582
200
1,380
-1,223
8.867
3.019
-3J43
3.152
506
398
114
-112
13.291
6,093
1,750
1.210
-149
Cumulative net author-
ity at end of year
101.961
113.246
123.659
68.894
19,769
8.743
4.058
22.195
Cumulative charges against au-
thority:
Direct loans:
Outstanding
23,932
6,513
57,089
6,920
26.562
7,924
63,477
8.217
28.988
9.695
70.685
8.752
6,369
2,334
50,038
8,264
1,941
20
17.150
252
5.772
1.038
1.356
4
1.588
455
1.062
232
13.318
Undisbursed commitments .
Guarantees and insurance:
In force
Commitments outstanding .
5.848
1,079
Total charges against au-
thority
94,454
106.180
118.120
67,005
19.363
8.170
3.337
20.245
Uncommitted authority,
end of year
7,507
7,066
5.539
1,889
406
573
721
1.950
' Includes Department of Commerce. Small Business Administration, Civil Aeronautics Board,
Interstate Commerce Commission, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and Expansion
of defense production.
- Includes Export-Import Bank, Treasury Department (loan to the United Kingdom), and State
Department (Agency for International Development).
In the case of a few noncorporate loan and loan insurance programs,
a maximum limitation is placed upon the total volume of loan and loan
insurance commitments. Funds collected and expirations of such
insurance are not available for reuse. The most important remaining
example is the Rural Electrification Administration, which it is now
proposed to shift to a revolving fund basis.
The bulk of the loan guarantee and insurance programs are not
governed by overall dollar limitations. The amount committed
depends upon the provisions of the statute or of the agency's regula-
tions governing eligibility for Federal credit assistance and on the
number of eligible applications.
Credit authority available at the beginning of 1963 is estimated at
$113.2 billion (table E-5). New commitment authority of $15.4 billion
is estimated to become available during the year. On the other hand,
estimated expirations, certain repayments, and other reductions in
outstanding authority amount to $5.0 billion. The net authority
available by the end of 1963 is, therefore, estimated at $123.7 billion.
SPECIAL ANALYSES
313
Charges against authority. — The major cliargos against tlie available
authority are the estimated $99.7 billion in outstanding loans and
guarantees shown in detail in table E-3 (but excluding here the $15.5
billion portion not guaranteed or insured by the Federal Government,
which do not constitute a charge against tlie authority). Undis-
bursed commitments to make direct loans or to guarantee private
loans are expected to total another $18.4 billion by the end of 1963.
Uncommitted authority. — For major Federal credit programs as a
whole, commitment authority at the end of 1963 is estimated to
exceed charges agahist the authority by $5.5 billion. Of this unused
authority, about a third is accounted for by several programs admin-
istered by the Housing and Home Finance Agency and another third
represents available authority of the Export-Import Bank and au-
thority for foreign currency loans by the Agency for International
Development pursuant to Public Law 480. However, since most
loan guarantee and insurance programs in 1963 are not expected to be
subject to definite limitations, the total uncommitted authority
shown in table E-5 does not measure the possible expansion of these
programs under present law.
QUASI-PUBLIC CREDIT PROGRAMS
The Federal Government also has certain responsibilities for the
credit programs of mixed-ownership corporations and other public
agencies operating in whole or in part with private funds. The
most important are the Federal intermediate credit banks, the banks
for cooperatives, the Federal land banks, the Federal home loan
banks, the Federal Reserve banks, and the secondary market opera-
tions of the Federal National Mortgage Association.
Table E-6. OUTSTANDING LOANS FOR MAJOR QUASI-PUBLIC CREDIT
PROGRAMS CLASSIFIED BY AGENCY AND PROGRAM (in millions of dollars)
Agency
June 30. 1960
June 30. 1961
Farm Credit Administration:
Banks for cooperatives
551
1,698
2.487
1,770
289
2.600
595
Federal intermediate credit banks
Federal land banks. _ _ ___ . _ . _
1.831
2,728
Federal Home Loan Bank Board: Federal home loan banks
Federal Reserve Board of Governors: Federal Reserve banks
Housing and Home Finance Agency: Federal National Mortgage
Association (Secondary market operations)
1.869
72
2.522
Total
9.395
9.617
The 12 banks for cooperatives make short-term loans to finance the
operations of farmers' cooperatives. Over half of their total resources
are obtained by borrowing from the public. The Government's stock
investment of $107 million on June 30, 1961, represented two-thirds
of the total stock, with the remainder owned by member cooperatives;
as part of the regular retirement program, $11 million of Government
stock was paid off in 1961.
314 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
The 12 Federal intermediate credit banks extend credit to produc-
tion credit associations and privately capitalized farm-lending insti-
tutions by discounting short-term notes to help finance the production
needs of farmers. To finance their operations, the banks sell short-
term debentures to the public up to not more than 10 times their
capital and surplus. In the Farm Credit Act of 1956, provision was
made for the retirement of Government capital in the banks and for
their eventual ownership by the production credit associations, but
in recent years, additional Federal investments have been necessary
to provide adequate borrowing authority. As of June 30, 1961, the
Government owned $97.5 million in capital stock, or about three-
fourths of the outstanding stock.
The 12 Federal land banks are now privately owned, but are
sponsored by the Government and operate under the supervision of
the Farm Credit Administration. These banks provide mortgage
credit to farmers at reasonable interest rates through individual
Federal land bank associations.
The 11 Federal home loan banks are also now privately owned, but
are supervised by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board and have
authority to borrow $1 billion from the Treasury, if necessary. These
banks make both short-term and long-term advances to member
savings and loan associations on the security of home mortgages or
Treasury obligations, as well as unsecured short-term loans.
All of the stock of the 12 Federal Reserve banks is provided by the
member banks, but the policies of the Federal Reserve System are
controlled in the main by the presidentially appointed Board of
Governors. Moreover, since 1960, the Reserve banks have been
paying to the Treasury Department all net earnings, after deduction
of expenses and required dividends and after provision for building
up surplus accounts to 100% of the subscribed capital. In the event
of liquidation, the entire surplus reverts to the Treasury. As part of
their normal central banking functions, the Reserve banks purchase
acceptances and make short-term discounts and advances for member
institutions.
The Secondary market operations trust fund of the Federal National
Mortgage Association purchases federally insured and guaranteed
mortgages and can make short-term loans secured by such mortgages.
The bulk of the funds are provided by sale of debentures to private
investors (or for short periods to the Secretary of the Treasury).
Mortgage sellers are required to subscribe to common stock in the
Association, but, as of June 30, 1961, Government investments in
preferred stock amounted to $159 million, or twice the $76 million in
privately owned common stock. Further purchases of preferred
stock of $17 and $18 million are anticipated in fiscal 1962 and 1963
to help provide the basis for the borrowing operations necessary to
finance the Association's continuing mortgage purchases.
Special Analysis F
FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC WORKS AND OTHER CONSTRUCTION
The Federal Government constructs public works as needed to carry
out its program responsibilities. In addition, the Government
provides grants and loans to State and local governments for various
types of public uorks construction. This special analysis brings
together information on public works activities in the various Fed-
eral programs in the budget of the U.S. Government. Federal assist-
ance to cooperatives, nonprofit groups and private interests for con-
struction, which is provided through loans, loan guarantees, grants
and other incentives, is excluded from this analysis.
For direct Federal projects, usually built by private enterprise
under contracts with Federal agencies, budget expenditures reasonably
approximate the value of work put in place. For State and local
projects aided by the Federal Government, budget expenditures may
precede or follow the construction put in place and are generally
supplemented by State and local funds.
Expenditures for civil public works are estimated to be $6.5 billion
in 1963, a record level and four times the 1954 total. As indicated by
table F-1, these expenditures constitute four-fifths of the total 1963
Federal expenditures for public works.
The major increase in civil works since 1954 has been for the
Federal-aid highway program, financed by trust funds since 1957.
Federal grants now make up more than half of expenditures for civil
public works. While water resources and related power projects
account for the largest share of direct Federal expenditures for civil
w^orks over the 10-year period, expenditures for research and develop-
ment facilities have increased substantially in recent years. Since
loans are on a net basis, comparisons by years do not reflect adequately
changes in the volume of construction.
Table F-1. FEDERAL EXPENDITURES FOR PUBLIC WORKS,
FISCAL YEARS 1954 63 (in millions of dollars)
From budget accounts and trust f unds
Total.
Civil public works
civil and
defense
National
Year
defense
public
Federal
Loans
public
works
Total
construc-
tion
Grants
(net)
works
1954
4.398
1.592
1.274
720
-403
2.806
1955
4,123
1.716
1.025
776
-85
2.408
1956
4.103
1,784
869
889
26
2.319
1957
4,492
2.243
1.076
1.103
65
2.249
1958
5.070
3,106
1.254
1,735
117
1.964
1959
6.684
4,535
1,521
2,871
143
2.150
1960
6,846
5,011
1,643
3.211
156
1.835
1961
6,823
4,925
1.878
2,897
149
1.898
1962 estimate
7,333
5.802
2,190
3,358
255
1.531
1963 estimate
8.035
6.473
2,455
3,652
365
1.562
Note. — In this and the following tables, nonconstruction costs are excluded: proposed legislation
is included for the years 1962 and 1963. Details may not add to totals because of rounding.
315
316
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
CIVIL PUBLIC WORKS
Table F-2 summarizes expenditures for civil public works by agency
for the vears 1961 through 1963. Estimated expenditures in 1963 are
12% above those for 1962 and 31% above the 1961 total. Major
Table F-2. EXPENDITURES AND 1963 NEW AUTHORIZATIONS FOR CIVIl
PUBLIC WORKS, BY AGENCY (in millions of dollars)
From budget accounts and trust funds
Expenditures
New
authori-
Type of program and agency
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
zations,
1963
estimate
Federal construction:
Architect of the Capitol
22
54
759
202
31
50
45
32
140
103
55
98
159
124
4
40
63
760
214
38
51
47
49
151
154
70
154
202
190
7
26
80
798
250
62
59
59
47
157
215
72
285
157
184
3
Department of Agriculture __ _ __
38
Corps of Engineers — Civil ._ . .
813
Department of the Interior:
Bureau of Reclamation
272
Bureau of Indian Affairs,
55
National Park Service .. .
32
Other
66
Post Office Department
44
Federal Aviation Agency. - ..
141
General Services Administration _
227
Veterans Admmistration __
76
National Aeronautics and Space Administration...
Tennessee Valley Authority . ..
819
24
Other:
Budget accounts
168
Trust funds ..
Total, Federal construction. __ _ _ .. .
1,878
2,190
2,455
2,774
Grants to State and local governments:
Bureau of Public Roads
32
2.591
32
59
112
65
36
2,996
43
53
121
81
15
13
42
3,216
58
64
137
76
30
30
39
Bureau of Public Roads (trust fund) _
3,547
Soil Conservation Service
Office of Education
Public Health Service
64
338
163
Federal Aviation Agency
75
Area Redevelopment Administration.. ..
50
Other
6
28
Total, grants ..
2,897
3,358
3,652
4,304
Loans to State and local governments, net:
Bureau of Reclamation
Housing and Home Finance Agency. . _ _.
17
118
12
15
160
65
8
6
9
255
50
33
18
5
163
District of Columbia
Area Redevelopment Administration
27
Other
3
154
Total, loans
149
255
365
349
Civil public works:
Budget accounts
Trust funds . ...
2.330
2,594
2.799
3,003
3,254
3,220
3,880
3,547
Total, civil public works
4,925
5,802
6.473
7,427
SPECIAL ANALYSES
317
increasps from 1962 to 1963 for direct Federal work include $61 million
by the General Services Administration for public buildings and $131
million by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for
space flight centers. In addition to the $220 million increase in
grants from the highway trust fund, there are increases in most of
the other grant programs.
Table F-3. ESTIMATED COST OF 1963 DIRECT FEDERAL CIVIL PUBLIC
WORKS BY CONTINUING AND NEW WORK (in millions of dollars)
From budget accounts
Agency or program
Gjntinuing work:
Corps of Engineers^Civil
Bureau of Reclamation
General Services Administration
Federal Aviation Agency
Tennessee Valley Authority
Veterans Administration
Bureau of Indian Affairs
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Forest Service
Post Office
Bureau of Standards
Architect of the Capitol
National Park Service
Other
Total, continuing work.
New projects and features in 1963:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Corps of Engineers — Civil
National Park Service
Tennessee Valley Authority
Forest Service
Federal Aviation Agency
General Services Administration
Veterans Administration
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Post Office Department
Bonneville Power Administration
Coast Guard
Bureau of Reclamation
Other
Total, new projects and features-
Advance planning:
Corps of Engineers — Civil
Bureau of Reclamation
National Park Service
Veterans Administration
General Services Administration '
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Other
Total, advance planning
Total, direct civil public works.
Total
Cumula-
1963
Required
estimated
tive to
estimated
to com-
Federal
June 30,
expendi-
plete
cost
1962
tures
9,692
5,525
767
3.400
4,740
2,780
245
1.715
689
364
173
152
451
147
142
162
719
401
131
187
205
87
60
58
478
229
54
195
563
226
120
217
441
373
50
18
142
49
39
54
103
12
35
56
140
95
26
19
110
55
26
29
973
538
156
279
19.446
10,881
2,024
6.541
809
426
155
16
654
10
400
75
32
43
152
*
26
126
25
130
712
106
21
15
13
12
4
115
699
2
92
50
44
30
15
83
142
8
8
7
7
1
41
42
36
23
8
82
1
100
2,799
13
362
2.424
46
18
16
12
32
23
3
6
8
1
1
6
7
*
1
6
176
90
29
57
10
24
10
7
2
15
303
134
67
102
22.548
11.028
2,453
9.067
'Less than one-half million dollars.
> Includes some sites as well as planning costs
318 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
New and continuing work. — Table F-3 shows expenditures for direct
Federal construction in 1963 according to whether the projects are
continuing work or recommended for starting in 1963. To complete
work now underway, a substantial volume of expenditures will be
required in 1963 and later years. In addition, new projects proposed
for starting, on which $362 million will be spent in 1963, will involve
additional commitments of $2.4 billion for future years.
In the water resources area, funds are recommended for the Corps of
Engineers to start 36 new projects, with an estimated total Federal cost
of $492 million, including 8 navigation projects and 1 bridge altera-
tion, initial contributions on 5 beach erosion control projects, 13
local flood protection projects, 6 flood control reservoirs (including
an initial contribution to California for flood control costs of Oroville
Dam, now being build by the State on the Feather River), and 3
multiple-purpose projects with hydroelectric power facilities. The
Bureau of Reclamation will start 3 projects estimated to cost $83.5
million and will make loans of $1.6 million to local groups for starting
2 small reclamation projects. These loans, as well as the grant
to California for Oroville Dam, are not included in table F-3. Con-
struction will be started on 2 new transmission lines by the Bonneville
Power Administration and 6 lines by the Southwestern Power
Administration.
The Tennessee Valley Authority will begin construction in 1963 of
a 900,000-kilowatt steam power unit, estimated to cost $100 million.
TVA will also start construction of a $16 million lock at the Gunters-
ville Dam as well as a $6 million multiple-purpose water-control
system in the Beech River area in cooperation with local Tennessee
agencies.
In the public buildings area, the General Services Administration
will begin construction of a number of office buildings, estimated to
cost in total $712 million. New construction of $809 million to be
started by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration will
provide research and development facilities to support space flight
programs. New starts by other agencies include veterans hospitals,
schools for Indian children, research laboratories, roads and recrea-
tional facilities in the national parks and forests, air navigation
facilities, Foreign Service buildings, and Coast Guard facilities.
Authorized reserve of direct Federal public works. — Table F-4 sum-
marizes the reserve of Federal projects which have been authorized
by substantive legislation and thus require only financing and planning
for starting. These reserves provide a basis for a wise selection of
projects for advance planning and for starting in accordance with
program needs and budgetary policy. The 1963 budget includes $67
million for advance planning of projects, including acquisition of
sites by the General Services Administration for public buildings.
Significant amounts will also be spent for preliminary investigations
and surveys to assure economical design and construction of projects;
these amounts are not included in the public works figures.
SPECIAL ANALYSES
319
Table F-4. RESERVE OF PRESENTLY AUTHORIZED PROJECTS AND
PROGRAMS FOR UNDERTAKING AFTER 1963 (in billions of dollars)
Cost of authorized reserve
Esti-
mated
total
Federal
cost
Status of plans as of
June 30. 1962
Status of plans as of
June 30. 1963
Agency
Planned
to stage
where
contract
could
be let
Plans
in
process
Plans
not
started
Planned
to stage
where
contract
could
be let
Plans
in
process
Plans
not
started
Corps of Engineers — Civil
Bureau of Reclamation
3.5
2.4
1.6
1.8
1.0
.6
.5
1.3
0.3
.1
.1
.2
.2
0)
(')
(•)
2.4
1.1
l.O
1.6
.3
.1
.3
.2
0.8
1.2
.5
'.V
.5
.2
1.0
1.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.1
1.5
.9
1.2
1.5
.5
.2
.2
.3
0.6
1.2
Tennessee Valley Authority
Forest Service
.1
Federal Aviation Agency
National Park Service
General Services Administration.
Other agencies .
.2
.4
Total
12.8
1.0
7.0
4.8
3.0
6.4
3.4
'$50 million or less.
Civil public works by function. — In 1963, four-fifths of total civil
works expenditures will be for the natural resources and the commerce
and transportation functions.
Most of the $1.4 billion to be spent in 1963 for water resources and
related developments (table F-5) is in the natural resources function.
Other facilities in this function include construction in the national
parks, forests and public domain landsj schools for Indian children;
and fish and wildlife facilities.
The $3.7 billion of expenditures estimated in 1963 for commerce
and transportation include $3.2 billion from, the Federal-aid highway
trust funds. These grants are in support of the Federal-aid primary
and secondary systems and urban extensions of such systems which,
together with the 41,000-m.ile Interstate System, comprise about
850,000 miles of highways. Federal contributions are generally
matched by the States, except for the Interstate System, for which
90% of the costs are borne by the Federal Government. Also in-
cluded are $63 million of grants and loans to States and local agencies
for public facilities under the recently established Area Redevelopn^ent
Administration, and grants of $76 million by the Federal Aviation
Agency.
Grants to States and local governments make up a significant
portion of tlie expenditures in the health, labor, and welfare function,
largely for liospitals, waste treatment plants and research facilities.
In some cases Federal aid is provided for both public and private
nonprofit hospitals and research facilities; the figures included in this
analysis relate only to public facilities.
Estimated public works expenditures of $288 million for education
in 1963 include $64 million of Federal grants and $195 million of
Federal loans. Included in these figures, under proposed legislation,
320
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table F-5. BUDGET EXPENDITURES FOR WATER RESOURCES AND
RELATED DEVELOPMENTS (in millions of dollars)
Type
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Flood control works:
Corps of Engineers — Civil
Grant (Oroville Dam)
Bureau of Reclamation
Soil Conservation Service
International Boundary and Water Commission.
Tennessee Valley Authority
Total, flood control works
Beach erosion control: Corps of Engineers — Civil.
Irrigation and water conservation works:
Bureau of Reclamation
Loan and grant program
Soil Conservation Service
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Total, irrigation works.
Navigation facilities:
Corps of Engineers — Civil
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation.
Tennessee Valley Authority
Total, navigation facilities.
Multiple-purpose dams and reservoirs with hydroelectric power
facilities:
Bureau of Reclamation
Corps of Engineers — Civil
International Boundary and Water Commission
Tennessee Valley Authority
Total, multiple-purpose facilities
Steam-electric powerplants: Tennessee Valley Authority .
Power transmission facilities:
Tennessee Valley Authority
Bureau of Reclamation
Bonneville Power Administration
Southwestern Power Administration
Total, power transmission facilities
Waste treatment facilities: Public Health Service grants.
Total, water resources and related developments..
292.7
I.O
33.8
1.6
329.
88.4
16.6
(')
3.9
108.9
203.9
2.1
4.1
210.
95.0
261.6
.5
6.2
363.3
121.2
25.8
18.1
25.5
.7
70.1
44.1
1.247.7
325.7
I.I
49.6
11.0
387.4
1.2
69.6
14.9
(0
4.2
.7
220.6
2.7
16.3
239.6
115.6
212.9
.5
16.8
345.8
133.8
30.8
27.8
19.4
1.8
79.8
45.0
,321.3
1 $50,000 or less.
are $15 million of Federal grants for construction of public elementary
and secondary schools and $7.5 million for loans for facilities for
higher education. Authorizations of $300 million and $150 million,
respectively, are proposed in 1963 for these programs.
Table F-6 at tlie end of this analysis, presents detailed information
for civil public works activities, by function, agency and type of
facility, as well as for national defense public works.
SPECIAL ANALYSES 321
NATIONAL DEFENSE PUBLIC WORKS
Expenditures for national defense public works include those of the
Department of Defense — Military and the Atomic Energy Commis-
sion. On August 1, 1961 the President, by Executive order, trans-
ferred major responsibilities for the national civil defense program
from the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization to the Department
of Defense. The OCDM has been redesignated as the Office of
Emergency Planning.
Department of Defense — Military. — ^The military public works pro-
gram includes overseas and domestic construction to support Army,
Nav}^, Air Force, Reserve, and National Guard activities. The bulk
of these projects forms part of the long-range programs of the Regular
Armed Forces to strengthen and modernize facilities for training,
maintenance, research and development, supply, medical care, troop
housing, and' administration. Projects for the Reserve and National
Guard programs include training centers, armories, and aviation
facilities.
Approximately 40% of the 1963 program provides for facilities
required for strategic retaliatory forces, including additional Minute-
man base construction and Polaris system supporting facilities for
both the Atlantic and Pacific forces. Facilities proposed in support
of defensive forces include improved radars for the Hercules air de-
fense system and initiation of construction on a system for the auto-
matic detection and reporting of nuclear detonations. Proposed re-
search and development facilities will provide improved capability in
basic research and developmental testing. Construction of facilities
required to support programs of the Defense-wide agencies is proposed.
Expenditures in 1963 for military construction (excluding civil
defense) are estimated at $1.2 billion, which is $61 million below the
1962 estimate and $416 million less than the 1961 expenditures. This
reduction is due in large part to progress made in construction of
Atlas-Titan facilities and the dispersal program for Strategic Air
Command bases. These decreases are partially offset by increases
for facilities in support of the Minuteman and Polaris missile systems.
Under the civil defense program. Federal expenditures for grants
in 1963, estimated at $105 million, will provide for shelter construction
in selected community buildings, such as schools and hospitals, and
for construction of State emergency operating centers. New obliga-
tional authority of $458 million is recominended for such grants in
1963.
Atomic Energy Commission. — Construction will be continued in
1963 on production, research and development installations. Among
these are the New Production Reactor at Hanford, Wash.; the
Advanced Test Reactor at Arco, Idaho; and the two-mile long Linear
Electron Accelerator at Stanford University, in California. New
projects proposed for fiscal year 1963 include facilities for weapons
development, reactor development, and research in the physical and
life sciences.
610000 O -62 -21
322
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table F-6. FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC WORKS (in millions of dollars)
By major function and agency
Function, organization unit, and program
CIVIL PUBLIC WORKS
International Affairs and Finance
Department of State:
State Department and Foreign Service
buildings
Cultural and Technical Interchange
Center, Hawaii (grant)
United States Information Agency: Radio
facilities
Total, international affairs and
finance
Space Research and Technology
National Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
tration: Research and flight centers
Agriculture and Agricultural
Resources
Department of Agriculture:
Agricultural Research Service and Agri-
cultural Marketing Service: Labora-
tory and research facilities
Soil Conservation Service: Flood pre-
vention and watershed protection:
Direct work
Grants
Loans
Commodity Credit Corporation: Stor-
age facilities
NEW AUTHORI-
ZATIONS
1961
enacted
2.2
8.2
8.7
19.1
125.2
Total, agriculture and agricultural
resources
Natural Resources
Department of Agriculture:
Forest Service: Roads and research,
recreational and protective facilities...
Department of Defense^ — Civil:
Corps of Engineers — Civil: Flood con-
trol, navigation, and multiple-
purpose projects with power
Grant: Oroville Dam, Calif
Department of the Interior:
Office of Saline Water: Demonstration
plants
Power transmission facilities:
Bonneville Power Administration
Southwestern Power Administration..
Bureau of Land Management: Roads..
Bureau of Indian Affairs: Irrigation
works, roads, and schools
Bureau of Reclamation: Irrigation and
multiple-purpose projects with
power
Loans, small irrigation projects
Grants
> $50,000 or less.
9.1
.6
36.8
5.0
1962
estimate
2.6
8.4
1.0
340.4
51.5
50.0
761.4
2.0
18.7
1.3
6.5
28.3
221.9
11.6
1.2
60.0
3.5
1963
estimate
10.5
1.5
10.8
22.8
819.0
65.4
74.4
778.7
5.8
20.9
1.0
7.6
51.6
203.7
13.2
3.5
.8
64.3
4.0
EXPENDITURES
1961
actual
10.7
2.9
14.5
98.2
72.6
33.6
812.6
15.0
34.9
7.2
7.2
54.8
271.8
4.7
6.0
.6
32.1
1.1
1962
estimate
6.3
5.8
17.6
29.7
153.8
5.7
42.7
6.1
40.4
47.0
759.
1.5
25.5
.7
6.7
31.3
55.8
56.3
760.3
5.0
19.4
1.8
7.4
38.2
202.5 214.1 250.3
16.6 14.9 8.9
(0 I (0 I (0
SPECIAL ANALYSES
323
Table F-6. FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC WORKS (in millions of dollars)—
Continued
By major funcUon and agency — Continued
Function, organization unit, and program
NEW
AUTHORIZA-
TIONS
EXPENDITURES
1961
enacted
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
CIVIL PUBLIC WORKS— Continued
Natural Resources — Continued
Department of the Interior — Continued
Bureau of Mines:
Laboratories and other structures
Helium conservation facilities.
2.2
0.8
1.0
0.5
1.2
2.0
4.3
Anthracite mine drainage, grants. . ..
.2
4.9
49.7
2.1
.2
8.7
51.0
11.4
0)
201.5
.6
Fish and Wildlife Service: Facilities
National Park Service: Parkways,
roads, buildings, and utilities
Department of State: International Bound-
ary and Water Commission: Water
resources projects
7.5
52.8
9.2
13.2
62.9
13.2
12.5
31.9
12.4
11.4
59.3
15.4
Restoration of salmon runs, Fraser
River system ..
(0
156.8
Tennessee Valley Authority: Power, water
resources, and chemical facilities
11.5
26.7
24.2
158.9
Total, natural resources
1,185.0
1,273.5
1.323.6
1.307.2
1.391.5
1.493.5
Commerce and Transportation
Department of Commerce:
Bureau of Public Roads:
Federal-aid highway grants (trust
fund)
2.873.1
3.313.4
2.604.0
940.5
2.5
2.590.8
2.995.9
3,214.0
Proposed legislation (trust fund)
Improvement of Pentagon road net-
work (trust fund)
1.8
Woodrow Wilson Bridge, and other
direct Federal work
2.6
31.8
1.9
35.7
.2
Forest and public lands highways,
and other grants
35.0
34.5
34.5
4.6
.3
2.4
37.9
Control of outdoor advertising, grant
4.6
Coast and Geodetic Survey: Observa-
tory.. . .
.6
.4
.2
1.0
.5
.1
.7
2.9
.4
.8
3.4
11.1
15.0
8.4
14.0
12.0
1.3
48.6
22.0
-10.0
118.6
.3
Weather Bureau : Facilities
1.0
Century 21 Exposition: Buildings.
National Bureau of Standards: Labora-
tories. .. .
25.1
43.8
40.0
32.1
50.0
36.1
Area Redevelopment Administration:
Grants for public facilities
30.0
Loans for public facilities
100.0
32.7
Department of Defense — Civil: Panama
Canal Company:
Canal and harbor improvements
12.8
2.3
1.3
31.6
26.5
-19.0
107.6
13.0
Thatcher Ferry bridge
1.5
Department of the Interior: Office of
Territories: Alaska Railroad
.7
Post Office Department: Improvements
and alterations
Treasury Department: Coast Guard:
Lifeboat stations and other aids
Department of Defense transfer
61.0
7.4
51.6
13.0
44.3
14.4
47.2
30.6
-22.0
Federal Aviation Agency:
Air traffic control and navigation facil-
ities
164.6
120.0
135.0
133.7
$50,000 or less.
324
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table F-6. FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC WORKS (in millions of dollars)-
Continued
By major function and agency — Continued
Function, organization unit, and program
NEW
AUTHORIZA-
TIONS
EXPENDITURES
1961
enacted
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
CIVIL PUBLIC WORKS— Continued
Commerce and Transportation — Con.
Federal Aviation Agency — Continued
Research facilities.. . ..
l.O
4.5
63.0
1.5
30.6
64.8
2.1
0.5
32.4
81.2
2.7
0.4
Washington, D.C., and Alaska airports..
Federal-aid airport program: Grants
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development
Corporation..
24.3
75.0
5.9
75.0
23.0
76.0
.8
Total, commerce and transporta-
tion .. . .
3.335.7
3,716.8
3,945.5
2,891.3
3,395.9
3.663.5
Housing and Community
Development
Housing and Home Finance Agency:
Office of the Administrator:
Public facility loans .. ..
550.0.
6.0
26.5
7.0
13.0
9.0
5.0
-.5
4.4
12.2
2.7
27.0
7.0
-.4
1.0
.7
65.2
59.0
Advance planning, non-Federal public
works: Loans . .
8.0
Liquidating programs: Community
facilities: Loans.. .. .. .
-.1
Public Housing Administration: Low-
rent public housing loans _ ..
1.0
National Capital Transportation Agency:
Land acquisition and construction
1.0
29.0
2.0
27.3
.3
1.8
District of Columbia:
Loans for highway, sewage and water
systems and other structures
42.6
2.7
49.8
Grants for sewage works -
.3
Total, bousing and community de-
velopment..
601.3
63.5
42.4
32.8
100.5
II9.8
Health, Labor, and Welfare
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare:
Food and Drug Administration: Build-
ing ... .- ...
.1
15.9
9.7
1.8
20.2
8.3
27.0
9.2
(')
8.4
9.8
1.6
64.0
1.9
44.1
2.4
.5
1.8
.3
9.3
II. 0
1.9
70.0
2.1
45.0
3.7
3.4
4.1
1.5
Public Health Service:
Federal research facilities. ..
19.0
Indian health facilities .
8.6
National Library of Medicine _ ..
Grants for public hospitals
Grants for health research facilities. _ _
Grants for waste treatment works
Mental health facilities. Alaska (grant)
Saint Elizabeths Hospital: Buildings
Bureau of Old-Age and Survivors In-
surance: Buildmg (trust fund)
75.3
2.0
46.1
85.4
8.1
80.0
69.2
4.0
90.0
76.2
5.4
55.0
5.4
.6
8.1
3.2
1.9
Total, health, labor, and welfare
154.6
204.3
207.5
134.5
150.9
170.8
Education
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare: Office of Education:
School construction in federally affected
areas:
At Federal installations
Grants
7.6
54.9
7.8
46.2
8.1
37.5
10.9
59.2
10. 0
53.1
9.5
48.7
' $50,000 or less.
SPECIAL ANALYSES
325
Table F-6. FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC WORKS
Continued
By major funclion and agency — Continued
(in millions of dollars)-
Function, organization unit, and program
NEW
AUTHORIZA-
TIONS
EXPENDITURES
1961
enacted
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
CIVIC PUBLIC WORKS— Continued
Education — Co nti nued
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare: Office of Education — Con.
Elementary and sec(Jndary school con-
struction grants (proposed legislation) .
300.0
150.0
150.0
7.6
6.9
15.0
Aid to higher education for academic
facilities, loans (proposed legislation)
7.5
Housing and Home Finance Agency:
College housing loans, ..
250.0
6.1
13.9
150.0
7.5
5.2
100.0
4.7
11.4
125.0
5.9
25.3
187.5
National Science Foundation: Research
facilities _.
8.6
Smithsonian Institution: Museums
11.2
Total education . .
332.4
216.6
660.0
186.2
219.3
288.0
Veterans Benefits and Services
Department of Defense — Civil:
Army: Cemeteries .
.4
1.1
.7
.8
1.8
55.1
l.I
.5
3.0
70.0
.6
1.1
United States Soldiers' Home (trust
fund)
.8
Veterans Administration: Hospital and
domiciliary facilities
75.0
76.2
75.5
71.7
American Battle Monuments Commission:
Memorials and cemeteries .
.4
Total, veterans benefits and serv-
ices..
75.4
77.4
76.2
58.9
74.1
74.0
General Government
Legislative branch:
Architect of the Capitol: Buildings and
library . _
8.0
22.4
.5
40.1
.1
26.0
Botanic Garden: Greenhouses
Government Printing Office: Annex
6.4
2.1
.5
The Judiciary: Court facilities .
1.0
2.5
---
.2
.8
2.6
.1
1.7
Office of Emergency Planning
(0
Department of Defense — Civil:
Army: Power and water systems in the
Ryukyu Islands:
Direct work
.1
Loans
6.0
Canal Zone Government: Improvements-
Department of the Interior:
Office of Territories: Public buildings in
Samoa and the Pacific Islands, grants.
Alaska public works:
Grants .
6.6
1.8
2.0
7.1
2.5
11.2
2.4
1.8
.8
.9
3.5
4.4
.4
4.2
7.1
.3
3.9
11.2
Loans
.3
3.6
9.9
.3
.1
.9
2.0
.2
3.3
3.9
.4
Virgin Islands Corporation: Water and
power facilities...
1.8
10.0
.3
3.3
Department of Justice:
Federal Prison System: Prison facilities..
Immigration and Naturalization Service:
Border facilities
6.5
.6
I $50,000 or less.
326
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table F-6. FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC WORKS (in millions of dollars)—
Continued
By major function and agency — Continued
Function, organization unit, and program
NEW AUTHORIZA-
TIONS
EXPENDITURES
1961
enacted
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
CIVIC PUBLIC WORKS— Continued
General Government — Continued
Treasury Department:
Bureau of Customs: Border facilities
Bureau of Engraving and Printing: Air-
conditioning - - - - - - - --
0.2
0.2
0.2
.3
227.0
0.2
0.2
0.4
.3
General Services Administration:
Construction of public buildings, sites
and planning .
210.0
262.6
103.0
.6
19.3
153.8
.3
9.0
214.7
Loans for public hospitals in D.C ..
.7
Central Intelligence Agency: Headquarters.
.5
Total, general government... . ..
240.8
278.8
257.4
160.6
230.8
276.4
Total, budget accounts
3.248.0
2,873.1
2.934.2
3.313.4
3,880.3
3.547.0
2,330.2
2,594.3
2.799.3
3.003.0
3.254.1
Total, trust funds
3.218.6
Total, civil public works
6,121.0
6,247.6
7,427.3
4,924.5
5.802.4
6.472.7
NATIONAL DEFENSE PUBLIC
WORKS
Office of Emergency Planning: Shelter
areas ... ...
2.2
.8
41.0
.4
Department of Defense — Military:
Interservice activities:
Defense agencies, buildmgs
11.0
Advanced Research Projects Agency
17.9
19.0
1.9
.2
12.4
10.0
25.0
.2
2.6
2.6
172.0
15.0
20.0
180.0
7.5
790.0
3.0
15.0
Loran stations .. ....
19.0
10.0
22.0
22.0
Construction, foreign countries
8.0
Other activities..
.2
5.0
2.5
171.2
14.4
21.9
197.0
7.0
514.7
4.6
18.3
458.0
Civil defense:
Grants for shelter areas .
104.7
Emergency centers
(')
Army:
Construction .. .. ._
148.4
16.0
17.5
162.5
4.0
676.1
4.0
13.8
177.0
8.0
7.0
225.0
7.0
812.0
5.0
14.0
239.3
17.6
18.5
267.0
9.2
997.8
3.1
13.7
179.0
Construction, Army Reserve . .
15.0
Construction. Army National Guard..
Navy:
Construction
Construction, Naval Reserve
Air Force:
Construction
Construction, Air Force Reserve
Construction, Air National Guard
19.0
200.0
8.0
700.0
7.0
20.0
Total, Department of Defense —
Military
Atomic Energy Commission: Facilities
1,061.4
204.2
966.8
195.4
1,776.0
286.0
1.605.2
292.9
1.255.2
275.5
1.293.8
268.5
Total, national defense public
works
1,267.8
1,163.0
2,062.0
1.898.5
1.530.7
1,562.3
Total, civil and defense public
works
7,388.8
7.410.6
9,489.4
6.823.0
7.333.1
8,034.9
> $30,000 or less.
Special Axalysis G
FEDERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
This analysis summarizes Federal expenditm-es in the fiscal years
1961, 1962, and 1963 for the conduct of research and development
and for the construction, improvement, and equipping of research
and development facilities.^
Research and Development
Estimated Budget Expenditures in 1963
TOTAL $12,365
395
Other Agencies
Net budget expenditures for research and development in 1963 are
estimated to total $12,365 million, an increase of $2,121 million over
1962 and $3,074 million over 1961.
Table G-1. TOTAL FEDERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)
Purpose
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Conduct of research and development
Research and development facilities
8,754.0
536.8
9,618.0
625.9
11,475.9
889.4
Total
9,290.8
10,243.9
12,365.3
Note. — Totals in text tables may not add due to rounding.
' The term "Conduct of research and development" includes activities in which the primary aim
is either to develop new knowledge or to apply existing knowledge to new uses. These activities may
be carried out in Government installations or in the facilities of private. State, or local organizations
using Federal funds. Cnerally excluded from this definition are expenditures for routine testing,
experimental production, information activities, and training programs. This analysis also omits
expenditures for research performed independently by contractors within overhead arrangements
on some procurement contracts funded in Department of Defense procurement accounts and for the
collection of general-purpose statistics by the Census Bureau and other agencies.
Expenditures for "Research and development facilities ' include amounts for physical facilities
such as land, buildings, and major equipment, regardless of whether the facility is to be used or owned
by the Federal Government or by a private, State, or local organization.
327
328
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 63
Through its programs the Federal Government now supports over
two-thirds of the research and development of the Nation. Of the
total Federal expenditures for this purpose about two-thirds are made
through contracts with private industry; over 10% through grants
and contracts with universities and other nonprofit institutions; and
the remainder by Government scientists in Federal facilities.
Table G-2. FEDERAL EXPENDITURES FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT DIVIDED BETWEEN NATIONAL DEFENSE AND OTHER PRO-
GRAMS, FISCAL YEARS 19531963 (in millions of dollars)
Fiscal year
National
Defense
Other
Total
1953
2.832
2.868
2.979
3.104
4.027
4.463
5.048
6.639
7.719
7.820
8.572
269
280
289
332
433
523
744
1.103
1.572
2.424
3.793
3.101
1954 . .
3.148
1955
3.268
1956
3.435
1957
4.460
1958
4,985
1959
5.792
1960
7.742
1961
9.291
1962
10.244
1963
12.365
Note. — Amounts included in this table under "National Defense" for the Department of De-
fense have been compiled from the best available summary data to provide maximum possible com-
parability for the years shown.
Within the totals for research and development, expenditures for
basic research will increase to about $1.6 billion in 1963 as compared
with well over $1 billion in 1962. A major portion of the increase in
1963 is attributable to the National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration.
Included in this analysis, but not separately identified, are the funds
of a number of agencies in certain scientific fields of broad national
interest. These include space programs, medical and related re-
search, and several fields which have been given special attention
by the Federal Council for Science and Technology and its com-
mittees, including oceanography, atmospheric sciences, high and low
energy physics, and materials and water research.
Space programs. — Expenditures for space research and development
will amount to about $3.7 billion in 1963 as compared with about
$2.3 billion in 1962 and $1.5 billion in 1961. A better index of the
growth of Federal activities in this field is shown by the new obliga-
tional authority for all space activities summarized in table G-3.
The amounts shown for the National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration cover all. activities of that agency except those specifi-
cally identified with aircraft or missile technology. The estimates
for the Department of Defense include all the principal amounts
identifiable with the Department's space programs but exclude
certain amounts which cannot feasibly be separated from other mili-
SPECIAL ANALYSES
329
Table G-3. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY FOR FEDERAL SPACE
PROGRAMS
(in millions of dollars)
Agency
1961
ictual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Department of Defense
Atomic Energy Commission
Department of Commerce: Weather Bureau
National Science Foundation
Total.
926.2
793.8
63.2
1.786.3
1.147.2
120.1
50.2
1.6
.783.8
3,105.4
3.732.9
1.517,
192.
47.
1.
5.492.4
tar}'' expenses, such as the development of missiles which are also
used in the space programs, military personnel costs, and various
other operating costs. For the Atomic Energy Commission, the
table includes the amounts associated with the development of nuclear
rocket propulsion and nuclear power sources for space applications.
The Weather Bureau amounts are primarily those related to the estab-
lishment of an operational meteorological satellite system, which,
therefore, are not included in the totals for research and development
in this special analysis. The amounts for the National Science Foun-
dation are for a space telescope project.
Medical research. — The Federal Government now supports over
three-fifths of the medical and health-related research of the Nation.
Total obligations of Federal agencies for the conduct of such research
and for research facilities are estimated at $1,024 million in 1963 as
compared with $857 milhon in 1962 and $623 milUon in 1961.
The rapid growth in the Federal support of medical and health-
related research reflects chiefly the increases in the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare, particularly for intramural and
research grants programs of the National Institutes of Health, which
presently account for about two-thirds of the Federal support of
medical research and roughly two-fifths of national expenditures in this
field.
The major field of interest to the Atomic Energy Commission
is research on the effects of radiation on human beings. Medical
research in the Department of Defense emphasizes preventive medicine
and medical problems of military operations. The Veterans Adminis-
tration undertakes clinical research related to the special problems of
patient care in its hospitals. A portion of the rapidly growing research
programs of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is
directly related to health, particularly the effects of space flight on
humans. Research programs of the Department of Agriculture include
such fields as nutrition and veterinary medicine. The National
Science Foundation supports basic research in the life sciences, a
portion of which is of direct significance to health.
330
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table G-4. OBLIGATIONS OF FEDERAL AGENCIES FOR MEDICAL AND
HEALTH RELATED RESEARCH (in millions of dollars)
1961
1962
1963
Agency
Budgeted
as medical
and health
related
Directly
relatedl
Budgeted
as medical
and health
related
Directly
related l
Budgeted
as medical
and health
related
Directly
relatedl
Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare:
Public Health Service
National Institutes of Health
Other
434
(410)
13
613
(562)
20
735
(679)
21
Total, Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare
Department of Defense
447
22
7
28"
54
5
14
633
32
8
---
61
22
23'
14
756
43
8
---
Atomic Energy Commission
National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ministration _ --
71
29
Veterans Administration. . .
24
32
32
Department of Agriculture
22
National Science Foundation
17
Other
3
1
4
1
Total, medical and health re-
lated research .
503
(459)
(44)
120
(ill)
(9)
706
(650)
(56)
151
(140)
(12)
843
(750)
(93)
181
Total, conduct of research
Total, research facilities
(169)
(11)
' Includes obligations for research with other than medical or health objectives but related to
health in terms of substance or probable applications.
Oceanography. — -The national oceanographic program of the Federal
Government for 1963 will total $123.6 million in obligations.
Table G-5. OBLIGATIONS OF FEDERAL AGENCIES FOR OCEANOGRAPHIC
RESEARCH AND SURVEYS (in millions of dollars)
Agency
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Departments of —
Commerce.. . . ._ -. .. .. .
11.4
31.6
.7
8.7
1.7
7.9
.1
23.0
42.1
1.3
14.2
3.6
16.7
.1
23.9
Defense . . .. -
57.3
Health, Education, and Welfare _. _ .
1.6
Interior . . .. . . -.
14.9
Atomic Energy Commission ... . . .. ....
5.4
National Science Foundation .
20.1
Other
.4
Total -
62.1
101.0
123.6
An estimated $53.1 million for research and instrumentation will
provide for studies by the Navy particularly of the physical and
chemical properties of the sea; grants of the National Science Founda-
tion for oceanography including marine biology; the work of the
AEC related principally to radiation and atomic wastes ; and research
SPECIAL ANALYSES 331
by Department of the Interior on commercial fish resources. Survey
programs, principally those of the Departments of Commerce and
Navy to map and provide basic statistics on depths, currents, tempera-
tures and related data, will total $17.1 million. Funds for the con-
struction of ships and facilities will total $49.1 million. Also included
is $3.7 million for the International Indian Ocean Expedition and $.6
million for the National Oceanographic Data Center.
Atmospheric sciences. — The atmospheric sciences are undergoing
rapid development as an increasing array of new techniques become
available to obtain and process data bearing on atmospheric properties
and dynamics. The Federal Government's program in this field is
estimated to grow to over $200 million in 1963, roughly double the
past year's effort. Almost one-half of the increase in 1963 is being
directed to the meteorological and scientific satellite programs of
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Other increases
have been required by the rigorous needs of new defense programs,
detection and prediction of radioactive fallout, air pollution, and
aviation and air-traffic control as well as the desire to advance the
science generally through basic research grants and facilities. A
notable step to be taken in 1963 will be the financing by the National
Science Foundation of a major construction and operating program
for the National Center for Atmospheric Research.
High and low energy physics. — High energy physics is concerned
with the study of elementary particles at the subatomic level and
related nuclear forces. It is characterized by high costs for high
energy particle accelerators and related equipment. In 1963, total
Federal expenditures for high energy physics research and construction
are estimated to be $138 million — ^of which the Atomic Energy Com-
mission's share is $126 million — as compared with a total of $109
million in 1962 and $86 million in 1961. The balance is chiefly ac-
counted for by the Department of Defense and the National Science
Foundation.
Low energy physics is concerned with the structure and properties
of the nucleus of the atom and the character of related nuclear proc-
esses. The research is conducted primarily with particles produced
from relatively small accelerators and research reactors. Total Fed-
eral expenditures for low energy physics in 1963 are estimated at $61
million — of which Atomic Energy Commission will provide $40 million
and the National Science Foundation $14 million — as compared with
a total of $52 million in 1962 and $39 milhon in 1961. The balance
is chiefly accounted for by the Departments of Defense and Commerce.
Materials research. — -Attention has been given over the past 2 years
to strengthening materials research with emphasis on basic research
and related graduate education. While no overall figures are available,
basic materials research is being given increased support particularly
through Federal financing of interdisciplinary materials research lab-
oratories on a number of major campuses.
Water research. — -A long range study of future needs for research in
natural resources has been initiated by this administration. Particular
attention has been given in recent months to Federal programs in
water research. While no precise estimates are available, this budget
332
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
provides for a significant strengthening of several agency programs in
water research particularly in the Department of the Interior.
In the following paragraphs are described the programs of the
Federal agencies with the largest expenditures for research and devel-
opment. The expenditures for these and other agencies are listed
separately in the table at the end of this text.
Department of Defense — Military Functions
The research, development, test, and evaluation programs of the
Department of Defense include basic research in the sciences, applied
research, and technical developments; development of new weapons
and equipment; fabrication and procurement of items under develop-
ment for test and evaluation; and construction, operation, and main-
tenance of laboratories and test facilities.
Table G-6. EXPENDITURES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-
MILITARY FUNCTIONS FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (in
millions of dollars)
Function, purpose, and budget title
1961
actual
1962 esti-
mate
1963 esti-
mate
Conduct of research and development:
Research, development, test, and evaluation
Procurement -
6,130.5
130.3
205.1
6,039.2
141.7
206.1
10.0
6.650.1
134.9
Military personnel - - -
206.6
Civil Defense. - - . --
17.0
Total, expenditures for the conduct of research and de-
velopment
6,465.9
115.9
6,397.0
82.3
7,008.6
Research and development facilities . . .
139.7
Total, expenditures for research and development
6.581.8
6,479.3
7,148:3
The present high levels of effort in basic research and applied re-
search will be augmented in 1963 in certain areas to exploit new pos-
sibilities that are emerging and to place further emphasis in areas of
fundamental importance to military applications. The planned
expenditures will also carry forward the development of a wide variety
of major weapon systems and other specific developments for which
the annual requirements fluctuate depending on the status of develop-
ment, the phasing of the effort, and the quantities and cost of the
test articles required.
Estimates of expenditures for research and development facilities
of the Department of Defense shown in table G-6 include the amounts
in the military construction programs for technical facilities having
as their primary mission, research, development, or testing functions.
The expenditure pattern indicated for the 3 years results from heavy
expenditures for the Nike-Zeus test faciUties in 1961 and the substan-
tial expenditures for the large radar telescope at Sugar Grove, W. Va.,
which are estimated to occur in 1963.
SPECIAL ANALYSES
333
The composition of and trends in the programs of the Department
are shown in terms of obhgations by majorfields of effort in table G-7.
Missile development, including an emphasis in the field of defense
against ballistic missiles under the Army's Nike-Zeus anti-missile
project, continues in 1963 to represent the largest area of activity.
The decrease within this field is caused primarily by the trend in
major intercontinental ballistic missile programs for which 1961 was
the year in which the highest obligations were required. In the stra-
tegic area, the Navy's Polaris system is continued at a high level as
are the Air Force Minuteman and Skybolt programs. The initiation
Table G-7. OBLIGATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE— MILI-
TARY FUNCTIONS FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (in millions of dollars)
Purpose, budget title and program
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Conduct of research and development:
Research, development, test, and evaluation:
Military sciences
Aircraft and related equipment
Missiles and related equipment
Military astronautics and related equipment
Ships and small craft and related equipment
Ordnance, combat vehicles, and related equipment-
Other equipment
Programwide management and support
Emergency fund
Total, direct obligations, research, development, test, and
evaluation
Procurement:
Aircraft
Missiles
Ships
Other
Total, direct obligations, procurement-
Military personnel
Civil Defense
Total, direct obligations for the conduct of research and
development
Research and development facilities
Total, direct obligations for research and development-
620.5
680.3
3,194.8
608.6
212.9
168.1
443.0
236.8
6,165.0
112. 7
13.4
40.1
3.7
169.9
205.1
6,540.0
113.1
6,653.1
785.5
630.3
2,640.0
1,058.5
211.3
191.1
532.7
239.9
99.5
6,388.8
71.2
12.8
31.0
115.0
206.1
15.5
6.725.4
93.0
6.818.4
964.4
690.9
2,386.0
1,327.4
234.4
221.9
801.5
268.4
150.0
7.044.9
8.2
"78'6
86.8
206.6
17.0
7,355.3
106.0
7,461.3
of development effort for a mobile midrange ballistic missile is in-
cluded in the 1963 program. The decrease in the missile field is
approximately offset by the increases estimated for military astro-
nautics and related equipment. The 1963 estimates provide for the
initiation of a new multipurpose space booster vehicle for the national
space program. Provision is also made for programs for the develop-
ment of satellite systems in support of military' requirements, together
with essential supporting research and development on subsystems
and components. Requirements in the field of aircraft development
remain comparatively high due to the new multipurpose tactical
334
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
fighter-bomber aircraft and the B-70 prototype aircraft in Air Force,
the new jet cargo aircraft for the Mihtary Air Transport Service,
the triservice vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, and mobility and
surveillance aircraft types for the Army.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
All of the activities of the National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration are classified as research and development for purposes of
this special analysis. The NASA is responsible for the developm.ent,
test, and operation of space vehicles for manned and unmanned
exploration of space and other non-military applications, and for
conducting the broad programs of supporting research and develop-
ment required for these purposes. In addition NASA is responsible
for conducting research to advance aircraft and missile technology
in support of both military and civil interests.
Table G-8. EXPENDITURES OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND
SPACE ADMINISTRATION FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
(in millions of dollars)
Function and purpose
Conduct of research and
development
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Research and development
facilities
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Manned space flight
Space applications
Unmanned investigations in space.
Space technology
Aircraft and missile technology
Supporting operations
Total, National Aeronautics
and Space Administra-
tion
231.7
14.9
208.4
122.8
35.8
32.5
437.7
77.8
312.1
207.5
40.1
71.0
997.0
135.0
462.1
342.5
50.1
128.5
5.6
1.3
7.7
19.4
14.5
49.7
646.1
1.146.2
2.115.2
98.2
33.5
4.0
21.4
27.7
17.7
49.5
153.8
165.3
2.8
33.0
49.5
5.7
28.5
284.8
Expenditures for manned space flight support programs which
will lead to manned lunar landing and return within this decade.
Expanded effort will be devoted to the two methods now under
consideration to achieve this goal — direct ascent from the earth to
the moon and the use of the rendezvous technique to bring large
spacecraft components together in earth orbit, after which the com-
bined spacecraft would continue to the moon. Propulsion develop-
ment, spacecraft development, ground testing and launching required
to carry out the Saturn, Advanced Saturn, Apollo, and Nova programs
are also provided for. The space application program includes funds
for research and development on the Tiros and Nimbus meteorological
satellites and the Rebound, Relay, and Syncom communication satel-
lites. Major emphasis in the unmanned investigations in space will be
devoted to earth orbiting geophysical, astronomical, and solar observa-
tories; lunar exploration with the Ranger and Surveyor programs;
and planetary exploration with the Mariner series. Funds for space
technology provide for a variety of technological advancements includ-
SPECIAL ANALYSES
335
ing development of advanced propulsion systems and electric power
techniques and systems for future space vehicles. Aircraft and missile
technology includes activities for basic and applied research on
problems related to design, development, construction, and operation
of aircraft and missiles. It includes research on new types of mili-
tary and commercial aircraft, as well as on techniques of aerodynamic
flight which may prove applicable to space travel. Supporting
operations include the development and operation of the worldwide
tracking and data acquisition networks required. for the civilian space
programs.
Atomic Energy Commission
The research and development program of the Atomic Energy
Commission, including supporting construction, constitutes nearly
half of the Commission's total annual expenditures. Basic research
is conducted in the physical and hfe sciences to secure a better under-
standing of nuclear processes and of the effects of nuclear radiation
on living organisms. The Commission's applied research and devel-
opment program includes efforts to improve the processes used in
the production of special nuclear materials, to develop improved types
of nuclear weapons, and to find ways of obtaining useful power from
nuclear reactions.
While a large portion of the development effort is aimed at military
uses of atomic energy, an increasing portion is devoted to civilian
applications. However, much of the information from military
progi'ams is applicable to peaceful uses. The research and develop-
ment programs are carried on in the Commission's contractor-operated
laboratories, in universities and other private research institutions,
and by industrial contractors. In support of the actual conduct of
research and development the Commission provides necessary facili-
ties, including laboratories, particle accelerators, research and test
reactors, and other test facilities.
Table G-9. EXPENDITURES OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION FOR
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (in millions of dollars)
Function and program
Conduct of research and
development
Research and deve
facilities
opment
1961
actual
1962 esti-
mate
I963esti.
mate
1961
actual
1962 esti-
mate
1963 esti-
mate
Special nuclear materials and
weapons
Reactor development
Physical research
Biology and medicine
240.0
399.9
142.2
50.2
10.7
412.2
408.3
156.9
58.5
13.5
393.5
463.2
182.7
67.4
14.9
13.9
125.8
47.2
3.4
1.3
69.5
16.7
87.6
61.7
5.2
1.4
101. 0
17.0
97.5
65.5
3.5
Other research and develop-
ment .-
.5
Major operating equipment not
included above
102.0
Total, Atomic Energy Com-
mission
843.0
1.049.4
1,121.6
261.1
273.6
286.1
336 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
The principal increases in 1963 occur in the reactor development
and physical research programs.
The reactor development program comprises primarily efforts to
develop reactors for the economic generation of electric power, for
propulsion of submarines and naval ships, for propulsion of rockets
(Project Rover), and for auxiliary long-lived power sources for satel-
lites and space vehicles (Project SNAP). The space applications
(Projects Rover and SNAP) will be expanded substantially in 1963.
The physical research program, which also increases in 1963, com-
prises research in high and low energy physics and in those aspects of
chemistry, metallurgy, and mathematics of particular importance to
nuclear science and technology. Included also is a continuing pro-
gram to achieve a controlled thermonuclear reaction.
The "other research and development" item includes the isotopes
development program, which is directed toward utilization of radio-
isotopes and radiation for a variety of useful purposes, and Project
Plowshare, a program to develop peaceful uses of nuclear explosives.
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
The expenditures in the Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare for research will total an estimated $679.9 million in 1963,
as compared with $558.2 million in 1962, and $383.6 million in 1961.
The principal research effort of the Department is the support of
medical research by the Public HeaUh Service, particularly the
National Institutes of Health. The major increases in National
Institutes of Health research expenditures in 1963 are for the con-
tinuation of previously approved research projects and for the support
of a larger number of clinical research centers. Elsewhere in the
Public Health vService, research programs in community and environ-
mental health will increase.
The research programs of the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation,
the Food and Drug Administration, and the Office of Education will
also be strengthened in 1963.
Department of Agriculture
The expenditures of the Department of Agriculture for research
and development are estimated at $170.7 million in 1963 as compared
with $157.6 million in 1962 and $141.8 milhon in 1961.
The largest program of the Department is that of the Agricultural
Research Service which conducts research on the production of animals
and crops, soil and water conservation, the utilization of farm products,
agricultural engineering, human nutrition, and consumer use of agricul-
tural products. Similar research is supported in the experiment
stations of the land grant universities through grants of the Coop-
erative State Experiment Station Service.
Other research programs are undertaken in the Department by the
Forest Service, the Economic Research Service, the Agricultural
Marketing Service, the Foreign Agricultural Service, the Farmer
Cooperative Service, and the National Agricultural Library.
The expenditures of the Department in 1963 include additional
funds to initiate a program of project grants to universities and other
SPECIAL ANALYSES 337
nonprofit institutions for basic research and to complete staffing of
the Department's new laboratories.
National Science Foundation
The total expenditures of the National Science Foundation for
research and research facilities are estimated at $163.9 million in 1963
as compared with $124.3 milHon in 1962 and $81.9 million in 1961.
The 1963 budget will provide increased support for basic research
project grants, the Antarctic research program, U.S. participation in
the International Indian Ocean Expedition, and for a program of
research in the geology and geophysics of the deeper layers of the
earth. Additional funds are also estimated in 1963 for radio and
optical astronomy observatories; a national center for atmospheric
research; oceanographic ships and shore facilities; specialized biological
and social science research facilities; and for university nuclear
research facilities, computers, and atmospheric research facilities.
Further, the Foundation is planning to increase its program of match-
ing grants for the modernization of graduate laboratories at
universities.
Department of the Interior
The 1963 expenditures of the Department for research and develop-
ment are estimated at $128.8 million, compared with $107.3 million
in 1962, and $92.9 million in 1961. These expenditures are directed
primarily to the conservation and utilization of the Nation's natural
resources. The increases in 1963 are primarily in the Geological
Survey's programs of hydrology, geology, and marine geology; the
Bureau of Mines' research on extractive metallurgy; the coal research
of the Office of Coal Research; the expanded biological research
activities of the Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Office of Saline
Water's program of research to reduce the cost of converting salt
water to fresh water.
Department of Commerce
In 1963 the expenditures of the Department of Commerce for
research and development are estimated at $90.8 million as compared
with $48.0 million in 1962 and $30.8 million in 1961 . Of the increase of
$42.8 million in 1963, $30.7 million is for the construction of facilities
chiefly to complete the new center for the National Bureau of Stand-
ards at Gaithersburg, Md.
A variety of research programs are conducted by the Department
of Commerce — some in support of the missions of constituent bureaus
and others to meet general needs of the Nation's science and industry.
In the latter category are the programs of the National Bureau of
Standards, which serves not only as the national laboratory for
standardization and development of measurement techniques but also
as a center for specialized research services in radio propagation, com-
puter techniques, building technology, and cryogenics engineering.
A new program in 1963 is the research and technical assistance
activities of the Area Redevelopment Administration.
610000 O -62 -EZ
338
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table G-10. NET BUDGET EXPENDITURES FOR FEDERAL RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS (in millions of dollars)
Based on existing and proposed legislation
Func-
tional
code
Conduct of research and
development
Research and develop-
ment facilities
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
1961
actual
1962
esti-
mate
1963
esti-
mate
Executive Office of the President:
Office of Emergency Planning
050
900
2.0
1.2
1.3
0.2
Total, Executive Office of the
President ..
3.3
1.3
.2'
050
150
350
Funds appropriated to the President:
Expansion of Defense Production:
General Services Administration.
.2
2.2
1.1
(0
6.9
3.6
Foreign assistance — economic:
Agency for International Devel-
opment
Special foreign currency programs:
Translation of publications and
scientific cooperation. _ . .
17.8
2.4
4.0
1.6
Total, funds appropriated to
the President . _
3.5
10.5
17.8
2.4
4.0
1.6
350
350
350
350
400
350
Department of Agriculture:
Agricultural Research Service
Cooperative State Experiment
Station Service
73.9
32.7
'"'9^8'
17.5
.9
75.3
35.8
7.9
7.2
21.4
1.3
81.1
38.2
10.5
6.1
23.1
1.8
6.0
5.6
6.2
Economic Research Service
Agricultural Marketing Service
Forest Service _ .
1.0
.1
3.0
1.6
2.0
Other
Total, Department of Agri-
culture -
134.8
148.9
160.9
7.0
8.7
9.8
500
500
500
500
500
Department of Commerce:
Area Redevelopment Administra-
'" "4:5"
16.6
4.5
1.8
.9
5.5
19.2
8.2
2.5
1.8
8.0
25.4
10.3
3.0
Maritime Administration
National Bureau of Standards
Weather Bureau . ..
2.9
.5
11.4
.2
40.7
1.6
Other
Total, Department of Com-
merce _ .
27.3
36.4
48.5
3.4
11.6
42.3
050
050
400
Department of Defense:
Military functions _ .. _
6.465.9
31.0
2.4
6,397.0
17.9
2.5
7,008.6
16.0
2.7
115.9
82.3
139.7
Military assistance
Civil functions
Total, Department of Defense.
6,499.3
6,417.4
7.027.3
115.9
82.3
139.7
' Less than $50 thousand.
SPECIAL ANALYSES
339
Table G-IO. NET BUDGET EXPENDITURES FOR FEDERAL RESEARCH
AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS (in millions of dollars)— Continued
Based on existing and
proposed legislation-
—Continued
Func-
tional
code
Conduct of research and
development
Research and develop-
ment facilities
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
1961
actual
1962
esti-
mate
1963
esti-
mate
Department of Health. Education,
and Welfare:
Food and Drug Administration
Office of Education
650
700
650
650
650
3.1
11.1
7.5
329.7
1.2
3.5
11.2
10.6
494.5
2.5
4.1
20.6
12.2
583.4
4.0
(')
0.3
1.5
Office of Vocational Rehabilitation
Public Health Service
Social Security Administration
30.9
35.6
54.1
Total, Department of Health.
Education, and Welfare
352.7
522.3
624.3
30.9
35.9
55,6
Department of the Interior:
Geological Survey
400
400
650
400
400
400
42.2
23.8
.9
19.2
1.9
1.4
46.0
24.8
.9
23.3
1.4
3.1
54.0
24.9
1.5
26.5
6.3
5.0
Bureau of Mines -.
.5
1.0
7,0
Fish and Wildlife Service
1.6
1.5
1.8
5.0
5,9
Officeof Saline Water --
2.7
Other
Total. Department of the In-
terior . ..--
89.4
99.5
118.1
3.5
7.9
10.6
650
500
150
900
500
Department of Labor
Post Office Department.- _
2.4
6.3
3.7
8.6
.8
4.5
10.7
3.7
Department of State
Treasury Department:
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
.3
.7
.3
.7
.3
.8
Coast Guard
Total. Treasury Department. .
1.0
843.0
49.8
(■)
646.1
18.5
.2
70.5
1.3
3.0
.2
1.3
1.0
1.049.4
57.0
.3
1.146.2
23.2
.2
84.5
1.6
3.1
.3
1.7
1.1
1.121.6
73.5
.8
2.115.2
24.3
.2
116.0
2.5
3.3
.5
.8
Atomic Energy Commission.. .
050
500
550
250
800
900
700
700
400
150
500
261.1
1.5
273.6
1.9
786 1
Federal Aviation Agency ..
3.4
Housing and Home Finance Agency
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
98.2
.9
153.8
2.2
784.8
Veterans' Administration
4.0
Civil Service Commission
National Science Foundation
Smithsonian Institution
11.4
39.8
47.9
Tennessee Valley Authority.- - -
0)
.8
0
(•)
3.3
.9
(')
United States Information Agency- _-
Other
3.2
.4
Total, research and develop-
ment
8,754.0
9.618.0
11.475.9
536.8
625.9
889.4
' Less than $50 thousand.
Special Analysis H
FEDERAL AID TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Federal aid to State and local governments in recent decades has
become a major factor in the cooperative financing of essential gov-
ernment functions. The rudiments of the present system date back
100 years to the Civil War with the enactment in 1862 of the Morrill
Act which established the land-grant colleges and instituted certain
federally required minimum standards, characteristic of the present
grant-in-aid system. Federal aid was later initiated for agriculture,
highways, vocational education and rehabilitation, forestry, and
public health. In the depression years, Federal aid was extended to
meet economic security and other social welfare needs.
In 1963 Federal financial assistance to State and local governments
under existing or proposed programs will total an estimated $9.9
billion, including net expenditures of $6.3 billion from regular budget
accounts and $3.6 billion from the Highway and Unemployment trust
funds. The total includes $208 million under proposed legislation for
education, public assistance, transportation, and school lunch
programs.
Federal Aid to State and Local Governments
Budget and Trust Fund Expenditures
% Billions
10 -
1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963
Fiscal Years Estimate
340
SPECIAL ANALYSES 341
The growth oj Federal aid programs. — In 10 years, total Federal aid
to State and local governments will have more than tripled, rising
from $2.9 billion in 1953 to an estimated $9.9 billion in 1963. In the
same period, expenditures by State and local governments from their
own funds wUl have more than doubled. Although the number and
variety of Federal aid programs have increased markedly in the last
several decades, nearly two-thirds of total expenditures in 1963 for
assistance to State and local governments will be for highway construc-
tion and public assistance grants. Over the last decade, highway
construction grants have increased more than sixfold, rising from $501
million in 1953 to an estimated $3.3 billion in 1963, the largest increase
in Federal aid for any purpose during this period. Grants for public
assistance have more than doubled since 1953, increasing from $1.3
billion to an estimated $2.8 billion in 1963.
Increasing population and rapid urbanization have led to greater
responsibility, particularly at the State and local level, for providing
essential public services in education, health, housing, urban renewal,
highways and public transportation, and tlie safeguarding of economic
security. While the major burden of such public services rests with
the 90,000 State and local governmental jurisdictions, the Federal
Government has a vital role, both through direct operation of pro-
grams and by providing financial assistance to State and local govern-
ments.
The task of providing public services can be facilitated through
improved intergovernmental cooperation and coordination concerning
revenue sources and expenditure programs. The Advisory Commis-
sion on Intergovernmental Relations, established in 1959 for this and
other purposes, has made a valuable beginning in identifying some
of the areas in which intergovernmental action could improve the
efficiency of the several levels of government.
Major program increases for 1963. — For 1963, the total of budget
and trust fund expenditures under existing and proposed programs for
financial assistance to other levels of government is expected to be
$1,216 million more than in 1962 and $2,613 million larger than the
actual total for 1961. The major increases over the 1962 estimate
are expected to be in total Federal-aid highway construction, which
is estimated to increase b.\' $227 million to $3,258 million; in public
assistance, which is estimated to increase by $206 million to $2,775
million; in the educational assistance programs, which are estimated
to rise b^' $152 million to a total of $694 million; in the civil defense
programs, which will increase by $114 million to a total of $135 mil-
lion; in contributions of surplus agricultural commodities to State
programs, which are estimated to rise by $103 million to $533 million;
and in the housing and community development programs which will
rise b}' $224 million to a total of $753 million. The remaining increase
is distributed among other programs including area redevelopment,
hospital construction, community and environmental health activi-
ties, school lunch and special milk programs, and watershed protection
and flood prevention.
New programs proposed for 1963. — Federal aid to State and local
governments would be affected by several of the recommendations for
legislative change or for new programs which are provided for in the
1963 budget. Among those for which specific amounts are included
in this analysis are: (1) grants to State and local governments for
342
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
construction of civil defense shelters in selected community buildings,
such as schools and hospitals, $105 million ; (2) grants to States for pub-
lic elementary and secondary school construction and teachers' salaries,
$90 million; (3) grants to States for projects to improve the quality of
elementary and secondary education, $19 million; (4) loans for the
construction and modernization of college classrooms, laboratories,
libraries, and related facilities, $8 million; (5) grants to States for
the improvement of public welfare programs, $93 million; (6) amend-
ment of the National School Lunch Act, $20 million; and (7) selective
Federal assistance to help improve public transportation in urban
areas, $15 million. The analysis also reflects the effect of proposed
legislation to reduce assistance to schools in federally' affected areas
for children whose parents work on Federal property but live on
taxable property.
Federal aid programs by agency. — The detailed table at the end of
this analysis lists the various programs of Federal financial assistance
to State and local governments by type of aid and by agency. In
1963, Federal-aid expenditures by the Department of Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare, primarily for public assistance grants, will total
$3,747 million, or 38% of total Federal-aid payments. Grants by the
Department of Commerce for highway construction and other pro-
grams will total $3,322 million, or 34% of total Federal aid. Federal-
aid expenditures in 1963 by other agencies will make up the remaining
Table H-1. FEDERAL-AID BUDGET AND TRUST FUND EXPENDITURES
BY AGENCY (in millions of dollars)
Agency
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Executive Office of the President
Funds appropriated to the President
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Department of Defense — Military
Department of Defense — Civil
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Department of the Interior
Department of Labor
Department of State
Treasury Department
Federal Aviation Agency
General Services Administration
Housing and Home Finance Agency
Veterans Administration
Other independent offices
District of Columbia '
Total, budget and trust fund expenditures for
Federal aid
12.5
13.4
685.4
2,623.1
1.5
2.891.0
114.9
369.3
1.4
25.0
64.8
1.2
407.3
9.0
15.7
47.9
7.283.4
1.2
13.9
897.3
3.055.6
19.6
1.6
3.389.4
120.8
380.6
9.0
26.8
81.2
.7
567.3
8.8
19.9
87.2
,680.
10.8
1.038.5
3.321.6
134.7
22.7
3.746.7
130.1
403.1
8.0
27.0
76.0
1.3
857.7
8.8
27.5
82.1
9.896.6
1 Represents Federal payments, contributions, and loans to the District of Columbia for opera-
tions and capital improvements.
SPECIAL ANALYSES
343
28% of the total, with the hirgest ^unounts by the Department of
Agriculture, 10%; the Housing and Home Finance Agency, 9%; and
the Department of Labor, 4%.
Federal aid in relation to total Federal and State-local outlays. —
Estimated Federal aid in 1963 to State and local governments from
budget accounts alone of $6,278 million will represent approxhnately
7% of total Federal budget expenditures. Total financial aid from
budget and trust accounts of $9,897 million will represent about 9% of
estimated total Federal cash pa>'ments to the public. As a source of
State and local revenue. Federal-aid payments from both trust fund
and budget accounts in 1961 was about one-seventh of all general
revenue available to these jurisdictions.
Table H-2. FEDERAL-AID EXPENDITURES IN RELATION TO TOTAL
FEDERAL EXPENDITURES AND TO STATE-LOCAL REVENUE
Net budget expenditures
for aid to State and
local governments
Total expenditures for ai
and local governments,
trust accounts
d to State
budget and
Amount
(millions)
As a per-
cent of total
Federal
budget
expenditures
Amount
(millions)
As a per-
cent of total
cash pay-
ments to
the public
As a per-
cent of
State-
local
revenue '
1953
$2,857
2.657
3.124
3.753
3.159
3.576
4.012
4.259
4.326
5.304
6.278
4
4
5
6
5
5
5
6
5
6
7
$2,857
2.657
3.124
3.753
4.111
5.072
6.813
7.174
7.283
8.681
9.897
4
4
4
5
5
6
7
8
7
8
9
12
1954
10
1955 ... .. . -- .- .
11
1956
12
1957
II
1958
12
1959 .. . _
15
I960
14
1961
14
1962 estimate
0)
1963 estimate
(2)
' Based on compilations published by Governments Division, Bureau of the Census. Excludes
State-local revenue from publicly operated utilities, liquor stores, and insurance trust systems.
' Not available.
Types of Federal aid. — Federal financial assistance to State and local
governments takes the form of direct grants-in-aid, shared revenue,
and net loans and repayable advances. Grants to States are the most
significant type of Federal aid. In 1963, it is estimated that $9,369
million or 94.7% of total expenditures for all three types of aid will
take the form of grants-in-aid. Shared revenue \vill account for $134
million, or 1.3%, and net loans and repayable advances, $394 million,
or 4% of the grand total. Apart from these types of Federal aid,
many other Federal expenditures affect the finances of State and local
governments which are not included in this analysis, such as con-
tractual paj^ments or grants to public institutions for research and
training in special fields. A more detailed explanation of the types
of Federal aid included in this analysis can be found in The Budget
of the U.S. Government, 1960, pages 982-988, or is available upon
request to the Bureau of the Budget, Washington 25, D.C.
344
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table H-3. FEDERAL AID TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
(in millions of dollars)
Agency and program
Func-
tional
code
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
BUDGET ACCOUNTS 1
Grants-in-aid
Executive Office of the President:
Office of Emergency Planning: Federal contributions
and research and development ^
050
650
900
12.5
1.2
Funds appropriated to the President:
Disaster relief
7.3
6.0
7.8
6.1
7.8
Transitional grant to Alaska.
3.0
Total, Funds appropriated to the President. .
13.4
13.9
10.8
350
350
350
350
350
350
400
650
650
Department of Agriculture:
Commodity Credit Corporation and removal of surplus
agricultural commodities: Contributions to school
lunch and to other public agencies
Cooperative agricultural extension work..
267.5
65.0
32.0
32.4
1.2
430.3
68.0
35.0
43.4
1.3
.5
15.3
271.7
533.3
69.7
Agricultural experiment stations
37.3
Watershed protection and flood prevention . .
58.3
Payments to States, and possessions: Agricultural
Marketing Service. . ..
1.3
Farmers Home Administration: Farm housing pro-
gram ..
.5
Forest protection and utilization, and assistance to
States for tree planting .
11.4
238.7
15.7
School lunch and special milk programs.
268.2
Proposed legislation: School lunch program
20.0
Total, Department of Agriculture ..
648.3
865.5
1,004.4
500
500
500
500
Department of Commerce:
Area redevelopment assistance .. ..
15.0
35.7
30.0
Forest and public lands highways ..
31.8
37.9
Contrcrl of outdoor advertising
4.6
State marine schools .. .
.5
.6
.6
Total, Department of Commerce.
32.3
51.3
73.0
050
400
650
650
650
650
650
650
650
650
650
650
700
700
700
Department of Defense — Military: Civil defense shelters
and financial assistance _
19.6
134.7
Department of Defense — Civil: Corps of Engineers:
Payment to California, flood control ..
15.0
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare:
Public assistance
Proposed legislation: Public welfare improvement
Hospital construction activities ..
2.167.0
2,569.0
2,682.2
93.0
157.2
(93.2)
44.1
25.7
14.5
51.5
54.9
3.6
266.9
172.6
(102.6)
45.0
38.3
17.4
68.9
63.9
4.9
280.2
191.0
Portion to private nonprofit institutions
Construction of waste treatment facilities. ..
(114. 0)
55.0
Community and environmental health activities
National Institutes of Health .
54.9
20.2
Maternal and child welfare . .
75.4
Vocational rehabilitation. .
72.6
Other health and welfare programs .
4.7
Assistance to schools in federally affected areas
Proposed legislation: Assistance to schools in federally
affected areas .
279.6
-36.0
Defense educational activities _. .- ..
50.2
64.9
72.8
See footnotes at end of table.
SPECIAL ANALYSES
345
Table H-3. FEDERAL AID TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS— Con.
(In millions of dollars)
Agency and program
BUDGET ACCOUNTS i— Continued
Grants-in-aid — Continued
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare — Con.
Vocational education
Other aid to education
Proposed legislation:
Aid to public elementary and secondary education-
Improvement in educational quality
Total, Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Department of the Interior:
Federal aid in fish and wildlife restoration
Other natural resource programs
Bureau of Indian Affairs: Education and welfare
services
Grants to territories and Alaska public works.
Total, Department of the Interior
Department of Labor: Administration of employment
security programs
Department of State: East- West Cultural and Technical
Interchange Center
Federal Aviation Agency: Federal-aid airport program
General Services Administration: Hospital facilities in
D.C. (private nonprofit)
Housing and Home Finance Agency:
Urban renewal and planning
Low rent public housing program
Open space program
Urban mass transportation program
Proposed legislation: Urban mass transportation
program
Low-income housing demonstration program
Total, Housing and Home Finance Agency.
Veterans Administration: State homes and State super-
vision of schools and training establishments
National Capital Planning Commission: Acquisition of
lands in Maryland and Virginia
Small Business Administration: Research and manage-
ment counseling
District of Columbia: Federal payment and contributions.
Total, grants-in-aid
Shared revenue
Department of Agriculture: National forest and grass-
lands funds, payments to States and counties
Department of Defense — Civil: Corps of Engineers:
Flood Control Act of 1 954 payments
Func-
tional
code
700
700
700
700
400
400
700
900
650
150
500
900
550
550
550
550
550
550
800
550
500
550
400
400
1961
actual
39.8
15.6
2.891.0
20.9
1.1
5.7
9.0
36.8
2.2
1.4
64.8
144.0
140.2
284.2
9.0
.9
27.7
4.025.0
36.1
1.5
1962
estimate
40.4
23.9
3,389.4
19.5
1.9
7.1
15.8
44.3
9.0
81.2
.3
215.4
165.6
8.0
7.9
397.6
.9
30.0
4,913.2
25.7
1.6
1963
estimate
41.4
23.2
90.0
19.0
3.739.2
21.6
1.6
8.6
21.8
53.5
8.0
76.0
334.5
185.4
42.0
12.9
15.0
2.5
592.3
1.2
32.3
5.749.9
29.7
1.7
See footnotes at end of table.
346
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table H-3. FEDERAL AID TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS— Con.
(in millions of dollars)
Agency and program
Func-
tional
code
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
BUDGET ACCOUNTS l— Continued
Shared revenue — Continued
Department of the Interior:
Mineral Leasing Act payments . _-
400
400
400
900
34.7
16.3
3.2
6.5
38.3
14.5
2.7
6.2
42.0
Oregon and California land-grant fund payments
Other payments to States and counties
Internal revenue collections: Virgin Islands
15.5
3.2
7.0
Total, Department of the Interior
60.6
61.6
67.7
900
400
400
Treasury Department: Tax collections for Puerto Rico...
Federal Power Commission: Federal Power Act
Tennessee Valley Authority: Payments in lieu of taxes. ..
25.0
.1
6.5
26.8
.1
6.7
27.0
.1
7.7
Total, shared revenue _ - _ _ .
129.7
122.5
133.9
350
500
900
700
400
900
900
550
550
700
500
500
500
650
Loans and repayable advances (net)
Department of Agriculture: Watershed protection and
flood prevention. . .. . --
I.l
6.1
8.4
4.5
Department of Commerce: Area redevelopment
Department of Defense — Civil: Corps of Engineers: Con-
struction of power systems, Ryukyu Islands
32.7
6.0
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Pro-
posed legislation: Aid to higher education
7.5
Department of the Interior:
Irrigation projects -
16.6
.9
14.9
8.9
Total, Department of the Interior
17.6
14.9
8.9
General Services Administration: Hospital facilities in
D.C. (private nonprofit)
.6
.3
.7
Housing and Home Finance Agency:
Public facilities . . .
9.0
14.1
100.0
27.0
17.6
125.0
59.0
Other housing and community development
18.9
College housing - ..
187.5
Total, Housing and Home Finance Agency
123.1
169.6
265.4
Small Business Administration: State and local develop-
ment companies - .. ... .
8.3
20.2
12.0
57.2
18.4
District of Columbia: Capital outlays and operations
49.8
Total, loans and repayable advances (net)
170.8
268.6
393.9
Total, net budget expenditures .
4,325.5
5,304.3
6,277.7
TRUST FUNDS 1
Grants-in-aid
Department of Commerce: Highway trust fund: Federal
aid highways
2,590.8
356.4
2,995.9
379.7
3,215.8
Department of Labor: Unemployment trust fund: Ad-
ministration of employment security programs
403.1
Total, grants-in-aid . - -
2.947.2
3,375.7
3,618.9
See footnotes at end of table.
SPECIAL ANALYSES
347
Table H-3. FEDERAL AID TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS— Con.
(in millions of dollars)
Agency and program
Func-
tional
code
I96I
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
TRUST FUNDS i-Continued
Loans and repayable advances
Department of Labor : Unemployment trust fund
650
10.7
.8
Total, trust fund expenditures
2.957.9
3.376.5
3.618.9
Total, budget and trust fund expenditures for
Federal aid ^.,- _ _
7.283.4
8.680.8
9.896.6
SUMMARY BY FUNCTIONS
National defense . . .
050
150
350
400
500
500
550
650
650
700
800
900
12.5
1.4
399.3
148.3
2,622.6
74.5
355.2
2,167.0
966.8
478.2
9.0
48.7
20.8
9.0
584.6
141.0
3,031.6
118.1
529.7
2,569.0
1.071.1
541.5
8.8
55.6
134.7
International affairs and finance
Agriculture and agricultural resources. ._
8.0
704.9
Natural resources..
162.6
Commerce and transportation:
Highway construction .. .. .
3.258.3
Other
157.8
Housing and community development
753.5
Health, labor, and welfare:
Public assistance
2.775.2
Other
1.173.0
Education.. _ . . . .
693.7
Veterans benefits and services
General government .
8.8
66.1
Total, budget and trust fund expenditures for
Federal aid ^ .
7,283.4
8.680.8
9.896.6
Note. — Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding.
' Many expenditures listed under budget accounts and trust funds are part of larger appropriation
accounts or trust accounts.
2 These programs were transferred to the Department of Defense in 1962.
' Includes $7,101.9 million in 1961 for total budget and trust fund expenditures for grants-in-aid
and shared revenue which are distributed by States in the 1961 Annual Rcporl of the Secretary of
the Treasury, table 88, part A, "Federal Aid Payments to State and Local Units."
Special Analysis I
PRINCIPAL FEDERAL STATISTICAL PROGRAMS
The principal programs in the 1963 budget designed to collect
statistical information for the use of the Government and the public
are summarized in two categories: current and periodic. Recom-
mendations for the current programs, reflecting the continuing year-
to-year statistical activity of the various agencies, total $61.9 million
in 1963, an increase of $9.1 million over 1962. The periodic statistical
programs — the large-scale census-type surveys characteristically
undertaken once or twice a decade — total $11.5 million for 1963, $1.3
million less than the amount available in 1962.
The functions of collection, processing, and publication of current
general purpose statistical information are often closely related to
otner agency objectives. To indicate the interrelationships of the
statistical programs carried out by different agencies and to aid in
evaluating the Government's overall statistical system, the significant
components of curient Federal statistical activity are brought to-
gether and classified by broad subject areas in this special analysis.
These areas and the amounts involved are summarized in table I-l .
The current statistical programs included in this analysis represent
a substantial part of the collection and processing activities of the
Federal Government. Siace it is not always possible to separate
the production or use of data from other aspects of agency adminis-
trative responsibility, some statistical activity is not included. Nor
has any attempt been made to include resources used in applications
of statistical methodology to other than data collection and use.
That portion of the work of the Bureau of Employment Security in
Table I-l. DIRECT OBLIGATIONS FOR PRINCIPAL CURRENT STATISTI-
CAL PROGRAMS, BY BROAD SUBJECT AREAS (in millions of dollars)
Program
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Labor statistics (Departments of Labor and Agriculture)
Demographic and social statistics (Departments of Commerce,
Agriculture, and Health, Education, and Welfare)
10.3
6.4
4.3
20.2
1.3
5.8
11.8
7.0
4.4
22.0
1.5
6.1
14.3
8.5
Prices and price indexes (Departments of Labor and Agriculture),
Production and distribution statistics (Departments of Agricul-
ture and Commerce) .
5.1
24.9
Construction and housing statistics (Department of Commerce) .
National income and business financial accounts (Departments of
Commerce, Treasury, and Agriculture; Federal Trade Com-
mission, and Securities and Exchange Commission)
1.7
7.3
Total, principal current programs -
48.4
52.8
61.9
348
SPECIAL ANALYSES 349
the Department of Labor resulting in current statistical data of general
use is included in the 1963 analysis for the first time. Comparability
with data shown in previous analyses is also affected by organizational
changes relating to statistical work within the Department of
Agriculture.
Recommendations for the periodic programs, for 1963 reflect the
completion of the Eighteenth Decennial Census and include funds
needed to complete the 1962 Census of Governments and to start
operational work on the 1963 Censuses of Business, Transportation,
Manufactures, and Mineral Industries. In addition, funds are
recommended to provide for modernizing the present electronic
equipment in the Bureau of the Census. Funds are also included for
the fourth year of the 5-year project to revise the Consumer Price
Index.
The agencies included in the analysis of both current and periodic
programs and the sums involved are shown in table 1-2.
Objectives of the Federal Statistical System
The continuing objectives of the Federal statistical system are to
provide accurate, comprehensive, and timely data needed for the
operations of the Government, to insure the efficient utilization of
Government resources with minimum burden on respondents, and to
furnish the public with information about the functioning of the
economy and the welfare of the people. The data produced are used
in the study of social and economic problems, in the formulation of
Government ajid business programs, and in the evaluation of basic
trends and activities.
The attainment of these objectives requires continuous considera-
tion of the balance between competing purposes so as to achieve
maximum benefit to the Government and the public. The rate at
which needed improvements in statistics are carried out is limited
not only by available funds, but by the supply of skilled personnel
and other resources. The 1963 budget recommendations provide for
acceleration of efforts to achieve a better balanced, more adequate
current statistical program for the Government as a whole.
CURRENT PROGRAMS
Labor statistics. — Almost half of the increase of $2.5 million over the
1962 level recommended in this broad area is for extension and im-
provement of manpower and employment data. Emphasis will be
placed oh studying the effects of technological change, the determi-
nants of labor force growtli, the factors affecting worker mobility, the
problems of selected groups with high unemployment rates, and
similar problems.
Other subjects on which improved data are sought include wages
and industrial relations, measurement of productivity, industrial
hazards, foreign labor conditions, and social security programs.
Demographic and social statistics. — In this area an increase of $1.5
million is provided for three agencies. An increment of $0.7 million
over 1962 for the National Center for Healtli Statistics in the Public
Health Service will permit full scale operation of the National Health
Survey and will provide for studies of vital statistics in relation to data
from the 1960 Census of Population. The increase of $0.5 million
350
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 63
Table 1-2. DIRECT OBLIGATIONS FOR PRINCIPAL STATISTICAL
PROGRAMS, BY AGENCY (in millions of dollars)
Agency
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
CURRENT PROGRAMS
Department of Agriculture:
Economic Research Service (except Foreign economic analyses).
Statistical Reporting Service . ._
8.3
8.1
9.6
1.5
.9
4.0
1.3
11.1
3.1
.3
.2
8.5
8.8
10.8
1.6
1.0
4.5
1.5
12.4
3.2
.3
.2
9.3
9,7
Department of Commerce:
Bureau of the Census .- . .
13.0
Office of Business Economics. . . ...
1.9
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare:
Office of Education: Educational statistics .
1.3
Public Health Service: National health statistics.
5.2
Department of Labor:
Bureau of Employment Security: Statistical activities.
Bureau of Labor Statistics
1.8
15.3
Treasury Department: Internal Revenue Service: Statistical
reporting
3.9
Federal Trade Commission: Financial statistics .
.3
Securities and Exchange Commission: Operational and business
statistics . . .- . .
.3
Total, current programs ... _.
48.4
52.8
61.9
PERIODIC PROGRAMS
Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census:
1962 Census of Governments.. .
.1
1.1
1.0
1.4
1 963 economic censuses . . .
3.2
1964 Census of Agriculture
.7
Modernization of computing equipment . . . .
3.7
Eighteenth Decennial Census . . . . .
18.0
2.0
1.3
8.4
.2
2.1
1.1
1958 economic censuses
Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics: Revision of
Consumer Price Index
1.3
Total, periodic programs .
21.4
12.8
11.5
Total, principal statistical programs
69.9
65.6
73.4
Note. — Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding.
recommended for the Bureau of the Census in this area provides for
improvements in popuhition estimates and projections and for explor-
ation of problems involved in developing a national register of dwelling
units. An increase is also included for the Office of Education to
further strengthen its program of basic statistics on the educational
system.
Prices and price indexes. — The increase in this area ($0.8 million) will
enable work to be started on specific improvements which are recog-
SPECIAL ANALYSES 351
nized us urgently needed. In addition to increasing the number of
items priced and the number of price quotations per city for the
Consumer Price Index, provision is made for research on concepts
and on the measurement of quality and for the improvement of
various types of price indexes, including farm prices.
Production and distribution statistics. — TJiis broad area, the largest
shown here, involves a recom.n\ended increase of $2.9 nullion over 1962.
About half of this increase is for iniproving agricultural statistics in
the Department of Agriculture, including a planned expansion of the
enum.erative survey designed to improve crop and livestock estimates,
and various studies on farm economic problems. The balance of the
increase is for improvements in Bureau of the Census series covering
data on retail, wholesale, and service trade; industry; foreign trade;
the consumer anticipations survey; and other subjects.
Construction and housing statistics. — The increase ($0.2 million) in
this area is equally divided between Bureau of the Census projects for
the development of a price index for residential construction and for
collecting information on construction expenditures of State and local
governments.
National income and business financial accounts. — Over half of the
total increase of $1.2 million in this area is for the improvement and
extension of the use of existing records of the Internal Revenue
Service to get more information on capital gains, depletion, deprecia-
tion, and other topics of economic importance ($0.7 million). Most
of the balance of the increase is for programs within the Department
of Commerce and covers such projects as improving data for n^easur-
ing the balance of payments and initiating annual estimates of national
income for the larger metropolitan areas.
PERIODIC PROGRAMS
The periodic statistical programs for 1963 include (1) the major
censuses scheduled by law at 5- or 10-year intervals; (2) the revision
of the Consumer Price Index; and (3) the Census Bureau's program
to modernize its data processing systems equipment.
The funds sliown are for the completion of processing and publica-
tion for the 1960 decennial censuses and include the amount needed
to complete the 1962 Census of Governments. The amounts for the
1963 economic censuses cover the second year of a planned 5-year
program. Preparatory funds for the 1964 Census of Agriculture, to
be taken in October 1964, are for the first year of a 4-year program.
Funds in the 1963 budget also cover tlie fouith year of a 5->ear pro-
gram to revise the Consumer Price Index ($1.3 million). A request
for $4.1 million would provide funds to be expended over 2 years for
modernizing the present electronic equipment in the Bureau of the
Census.
Special Analysis J
FOREIGN CURRENCY AVAILABILITIES AND USES
Many agencies of the Government are engaged in activities through-
out the world wliich involve payments in foreign currencies. From
some governmental activities, particularly the sale on concessional
terms of surplus agricultural commodities, foreign currencies accrue to
the Government without purchase with dollars. This analysis
presents in summary form data on foreign currency availabilities and
uses.
Table J-1. CASH AVAILABILITY OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES
(in millions of dollar equivalents)
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
For U.S. uses:
Excess currencies
Nonexcess currencies:
Restricted
Unrestricted _ -_
875
139
278
],029
135
325
1,271
112
313
Subtotal, for U.S. uses -
1.292
2,427
1,489
2,420
1,697
For country uses
2,330
Total
3,719
3,908
4,027
Foreign currency availabilities are divided in table J-1 between
those available for U.S. uses and those available for country uses. In
botli cases the currencies belong to this Government and are kept in
Treasury accounts or those of other Government agencies. The
country use currencies, however, are committed by the terms of the
international agreements under which they are received to be used on
a loan or grant basis for mutually beneficial purposes in the country
by agreement with its government. U.S. use currencies, on the other
hand, are available for the purposes of U.S. agencies.
U.S. use currencies are furtlier divided between those which are
excess and those which are none.xcess. The excess currencies are
those of which the Treasury has found (after reviewing the amounts
of currency on hand, prospective receipts for U.S. uses, and prospective
requirements) the supply to be great enough to more than cover the
demand for the next 2 or 3 years. For 1963, a prospective excess
condition is anticipated in Indonesia and Syria, in addition to tlie
seven countries (Burma, India, Israel, Pakistan, Poland, United Arab
Kepublic (Egypt), and Yugoslavia) which were determined to be
excess-currency countries for 1962.
352
SPECIAL ANALYSES 353
Some nonoxcess U.S. use currencies are restricted in that tliey liave
liad conditions placed on their use by international agreement wliich
require their use for particular purposes. Such currencies are not,
therefore, available to finance regular U.S. activities and must be
reserved, frequently for lower priority programs. Restrictions of
this nature arc currently being avoided to the extent possible.
Most currencies accrue to the credit of the United States because of
past or current international agreements authorized under several
laws. In most cases, these international agreements deal with sales
arrangements, wherein commodities (usually surplus agricultural com-
modities) are sold to a foreign purchaser for currencies, or with loans,
wherein dollars or foreign currencies themselves are lent to foreign
borrowers and may be repaid in the currency of the borrower. Cur-
rencies also become available in much smaller amounts under other
kinds of international agreements and from the normal operations of
the U.S. Government abroad.
Limits on uses of foreign currencies. — The amount of foreign cur-
rencies accruing to the credit of the United States is large and is in-
creasing. However, international agreements, and in n^any cases
the nature of the economy on which they are a clain\ restrict the use
of the greater part of these currencies.
First, sales of agricultural conimodities, through which most of the
currencies are acquired, are often largely" concessional. In these trans-
actions the international financial position of the purchasing country
is usually such that it must minimize the real cost of the sales to itself
in terms of export of its resources. As a result, large amounts of
currencies acquired by the United States from the sale of farm com-
modities are restricted by the sales agreement so they can only be
loaned or granted back to the buying country.
Second, virtually all of the currencies are inconvertible under the
laws and regulations of the purchasing countries. This means they
cannot be freely used to buy goods in third countries. Neither can
they be exchanged for another currency which we may be able to use.
Need for foreign currencies. — Many agencies of the U.S. Government
carry on activities overseas in which foreign currencies are needed.
As indicated in table J-2, the need for foreign currencies in U.S.
operations often does not correspond to their availability on a country-
by-country basis. In the normal course of its worldwide operations
the Government must purchase large amounts of the currencies of
many countries while at the same time accumulating large inconvertible
balances of others.
Procedure for use of foreign currencies. — Normally, when an agency
requires foreign currencies to carry out its activities, it must, by Treas-
ury regulation, seek to buy such currencies from the Treasury De-
partment. If the particular foreign currencies required are not
available, they must be purchased through banking channels. Treas-
ury sales are generally at the most advantageous rate at which
currencies may be legally obtained, and thus foreign currency expendi-
tures are reported on a comparable basis whether obtained from
Treasury or commercial sources.
All currencies purchased by agencies are reflected in Treasury and
agency accounts and in the budget as dollar expenditures as they are
used, with a corresponding credit to miscellaneous receipts or to the
fund (e.g., Commodity Credit Corporation) which financed the trans-
action from which the currency derived.
354
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table J-2. FOREIGN CURRENCIES AVAILABLE TO MEET U.S.
REQUIREMENTS, 1963 (in millions of dollar equivalents)
Supply
Requirements (expend-
itures)
Amounts
available
for use
after 1963
Require-
ments for
Country
Other than
special
programs
Special
programs
cial pur-
chase in
1963
Excess currencies:
Burma . . ..
11
408
31
60
153
469
8
60
70
2
n
1
2
15
4
*
2
5
2
12
I
3
4
2
3
3
7
385
29
55
134
463
8
55
62
India. -_ _.
Indonesia . .
Israel. _ . _.
Pakistan. . .
Poland
Syria. .
UAR (Egypt)
Yugoslavia .. .
Total excess currencies.
1.271
42
30
1.198
Nonexcess currencies:
Canada
1
11
22
16
21
9
16
329
183
219
1.129
68
261
40
113
282
182
France
Germany, Federal Republic of
Italy
Japan
Philippines
United Kingdom
Other countries
1
1
1
*
1
13
5
1
4
6
2
6
193
215
1.108
57
247
33
104
160
Total nonexcess currencies
425
2.295
16
217
2.105
Total
1.697
2.337
47
1.416
2.105
*Less than one-half million dollars.
U.S. uses of foreign currencies. — Table J-3 summarizes foreign cur-
rency transactions of U.S. use currencies as they are reflected in the
budget.
Recommendations Jar special uses, 1963. — -Most U.S. uses of foreign
currencies are covered by unrestricted dollar appropriations. For
those situations where currencies are available in the Treasury in
excess of amounts needed for regular appropriations or where there
remain unobligated balances of currencies restricted by international
agreement or understanding for particular U.S. uses, separate appro-
priations are proposed for special foreign currency programs. These
appropriations are summarized in table J-4.
SPECIAL ANALYSES
355
Table J-3. SUMMARY OF FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS, U.S. USES
(in millions of dollar equivalents)
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Cash balances brought forward:
Excess currencies _._ .... __ .. _
547
87
141
811
99
128
977
Nonexcess currencies:
Restricted
Nonrestricted
93
129
Subtotal, cash balances brought forward
775
1.037
1.200
Collections:
Public Law 480 sales...
385
30
2
10
22
4
18
16
17
14
244
22
289
Foreign assistance program:
U.S. portion of counterpart deposits .
13
Recoveries, sec. 104(d), title I, Public Law 480
Other nonloan collections:
Contributions for support of U.S. forces abroad .
6
20
6
19
11
34
25
36
7
Surplus property and lend-lease
18
Informational media guarantees . . .__
5
Interest on public deposits. - . _. . ...
19
Miscellaneous . .
6
Loan repayments (principal and interest) :
Public Law 480 loans
49
Mutual security loans . . .
28
Development Loan Fund . ...
63
Subtotal, collections
Transfer of Development Loan Fund balances from country uses.
517
423
29
497
Total availabilities ..
1.292
1.489
1.697
Expenditures:
Without dollar control
With dollar credits to-
Miscellaneous receipts of the general fund. .
20
90
98
3
6
22
116
146
3
*
12
114
Commodity Credit Corporation fund. Agriculture
Informational media guarantee fund, USI A
Foreign buildings program. State
152
3
*
Subtotal, expenditures
Adjustments due to changes in exchange rates
217
-37
289
281
Cash balances carried forward
1.037
1.200
1 1.416
*Less than one-half million dollars.
I Consists of: $1,217 million excess currencies; $85 million nonexcess restricted currencies; and
$115 million nonexcess nonrestricted currencies.
356
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table J-4. SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM APPROPRIATIONS-
NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY (in thousands of dollar equivalents)
1961
enacted
1962
enacted
1963
estimate
Library of Congress: Collection and distribution of library
materials - .. _
364
5.265
3,444
1,000
1,372
9,000
1,607
710
Department of Agriculture:
Agricultural Research Service: Salaries and expenses
Foreign Agricultural Service: Salaries and expenses
Department of Commerce : National Bureau of Standards :
Research and technical services
15,131
14,175
5.265
4,000
1,000
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare:
Office of Education : Salaries and expenses
Office of Vocational Rehabilitation: Research and
training
Public Health Service: Scientific activities overseas
Social Security Administration: Research and training.
Bureau of Reclamation: General investigations
31
930
3,707
400
2.000
2.800
1.800
2.500
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: Management and
investigations of resources
300
4,650
7,400
9.300
250
300
Department of State:
Acquisition, operation, and maintenance of buildings
abroad
International educational exchange activities
United States Information Agency:
Salaries and expenses
Special international exhibits
4,500
6,600
3,000
1.096
2.205
9.000
400
Total
49.170
43.952
32.380
Authorizations are distributed as follows:
To purchase excess currencies
To purchase nonexcess currencies
17,938
31,232
39.969
3,983
32,380
Total
49.170
43.952
32,380
U.S. uses without dollar' controls. — The balances of pre-1961 alloca-
tions for defense family housing and for exports to third countries
have not yet been fully expended, and account for all of the estimated
expenditures in 1963 without dollar control and the bulk of such
expenditures in 1961 and 1962. The only new authorization estinuxted
for 1963 results from the sale of surplus buildings abroad. These
uses are summarized in table J-5.
Country uses. — A far larger amount of foreign currencies are used
outside of the appropriations process for loans and grants in the host
country. These are country use currencies which are committed by
the terms of the sales agreements of surplus agricultural commodities
to be used for programs of mutual benefit in agreement with the host
SPECIAL ANALYSES
357
country. These purposes include the common defense, economic
development, and loans to American and certain foreign private
enterprise. These uses are summarized in table J-6.
Table J-5. SUMMARY OF U.S. USES WITHOUT DOLLAR CONTROLS
(in thousands of dollar equivalents)
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
New authorizations to expend foreign currency receipts
Department of State
Expenditures:
Agency for International Development
Department of Agriculture
Department of Defense
Department of State
Total expenditures
5,748
585
8.678
22
11,496
337
9,000
1
13,069
20,533
22,070
500
6,452
5,328
,780
Table J-6. SUMMARY OF FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS-
COUNTRY USES (in millions of dollar equivalents)
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Cash balances brought forward
1,642
1,544
1,482
Collections:
Public Law 480 sales..- . .
603
161
23
832
72
813
Foreign assistance program
Development Loan Fund ...
34
Subtotal, collections
Transfer of Development Loan Fund balances to U.S. uses.
786
904
-29
848
Total availabilities
2,427
2.420
2,330
Expenditures:
Without dollar control:
Public Law 480 country loans and grants
Public Law 480 loans to private enterprise
464
20
207
4
15
745
48
136
955
50
Other foreign assistance programs
With dollar credits to-
83
Military assistance appropriation
8
Subtotal, expenditures
Adjustments due to changes in exchange rates
709
-173
937
1,087
Cash balances carried forward
1,544
1,482
1,243
Special Analysis K
PUBLIC ENTERPRISE FUND OPERATIONS
Budget expenditures include the net operations of 84 public enter-
prise funds. The programs of these funds are included in the discus-
sion of budget programs appearing in parts 4 and 5 of the Budget.
However, this analysis gives supplementary information with respect
to some of the financial transactions of such funds.
The public enterprise funds are revolving funds, owned by the
Government, which finance a cycle of operations, in which tlie expendi-
tures generate receipts coming primarily from outside the Federal
Government and* available for continuing use. They include nearly
all of the Government-owned corporations, the postal fund, and various
unincorporated enterprises. Many of them carry on lending opera-
tions directly with the public (and a few are specifically set up to
finance loans to trust funds). Other public enterprise funds carry
on other business-type activities such as insurance, generation of
power, purchasing and selling, and transportation activities.
EXPENDITURES AND RECEIPTS
The net expenditures of public enterprise funds are estimated at
$4.1 billion for 1963. This sum is derived from an estimate of $19.9
billion of gross expenditures, and $15.8 billion of applicable receipts
from operations. The relevant figures are stated in table K-1.
The Commodity Credit Corporation and the postal fund together
account for far more than half of the transactions. The Commodity
Credit Corporation transactions exclude the special activities of the
Corporation for which the major financing is from appropriated funds.
The expenditures shown above include interest expenses paid to
the general fund of the Treasury by a number of funds whose capital
is intercGt-bearing. Such expenditures (which are a part of the inter-
fund deduction on table 1 and other tables on budget receipts and
expenditures) amount to $640 million in 1961, $642 million in 1962.
and $678 million in 1963.
The applicable receipts shown in table K-1 are generally from
outside the Government. However, they include a few intragovern-
mental transactions; notably, the payments received by the postal
fund from the appropriation for the expense of public services, the
sales of Tennessee Valley Authority power to Government agencies
(accounting for over $100 million a year of its receipts), and subsidy
payments from Veterans Administration appropriations for its guaran-
teed loan program. Such intragovernmental receipts are estimated
at $297 million for 1961, $413 million for 1962, and $518 million for
1963.
NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND WRITE-OFFS
Capital requirements of the public enterprise funds are generally
supplied through grants of new obligational authority from the general
fund. These usually take the form of either appropriations or
358
SPECIAL ANALYSES
359
Table K-I. GROSS EXPENDITURES AND APPLICABLE RECEIPTS OF
PUBLIC ENTERPRISE FUNDS (in millions of dollars)
Description
GROSS EXPENDI-
TURES
1961
1962
1963
RECEIPTS FROM
OPERATIONS
1961
1962
1963
Funds appropriated to the President:
Foreign assistance — Economic
Other
Department of Agriculture:
Commodity Credit Corporation
Other
Department of Commerce
Department of Defense:
Military
Civil ,
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Department of the Interior
Department of Labor
Post Office Department _l.
Treasury Department 1
General Services Administration
Housing and Home Finance Agency:
College housing loans
Urban renewal fund
Federal National Mortgage Association. .
Federal Housing Administration
Public Housing Administration
Other
Veterans Administration
Other independent offices:
Export-Import Bank of Washington
Small Business Administration
Tennessee Valley Authority
Other
Total
270
104
5.925
59
7
111
106
4
96
304
4.362
233
254
1,298
318
288
32
330
571
223
311
52
497
100
7.301
421
30
108
106
4
130
233
4.420
294
374
1.547
456
364
57
650
954
400
367
31
651
41
7.745
485
76
114
5
171
238
4.732
429
497
.366
488
390
101
526
855
483
376
30
13
116
4.507
70
9
74
100
4
35
256
3,497
4
3
35
109
1.223
325
133
no
199
534
127
272
86
49
65
4.700
389
12
78
103
4
46
289
3.630
2
2
44
145
1.535
242
190
21
372
1.055
158
289
270
6
41
5.664
409
15
52
106
5
51
244
4.719
5
54
149
1.182
377
197
15
544
1.080
267
313
301
15,257
18.847
19.887
.842
13.692
15.795
*Less than one-half million dollars.
authorizations to use Treasury borrowing (authorizations to expend
from public debt receipts). In the case of housing programs, they
sometimes take the form of contract authorizations.
In addition to the provision of new obJigational authority for
capital, appropriations are sometimes made to help overcome deficits
incurred by these funds. The Commodity Credit Corporation, for
example, incurs losses each year in its price support and related
operations, and appropriations are made to cover such losses. In the
case of the postal fund, substantial losses have been incurred, and
appropriations have been made regularly to make up for the deficien-
cies in postal revenues, although for 1963 legislation is proposed which
would greatly reduce the NOA needed from the general fund.
Some of the public enterprise funds transfer dividends or earnings
to the general fund, and unneeded capital is returned from time to
time. Also included as write-offs in table K-2 are the lapsing of a
few balances of NOA which are not needed by the fund concerned or
which expire for use under the law controlling the fund.
360
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Table K 2. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND WRITE-OFFS OF
PUBLIC ENTERPRISE FUNDS (in millions of dollars)
Description
New obligational
authority
Write-offs (including
capital transfers)
1961
1962
1963
1961
1962
1963
Funds appropriated to the President:
Foreign assistance — Economic.
600
1.112
1,350
Other
5
3
53
55
*
6
2
2
3
I
Department of Agriculture:
Commodity Credit Corporation
Other _ . .
1.226
1,213
326
122
2,490
*
6'
Department of Commerce. ... .
300
30
63
268
846
*
Department of Defense — Military
*
2
1
20
4
5
Department of the Interior
Department of Labor
Post Office Department
Treasury Department
General Services Administration
68
20
804
*
140
18
1
2
2
4
Housing and Home Finance Agency:
College housing loans
500
2,300
814
81
159
576
150
300
300
Urban renewal fund
Federal National Mortgage Association..
Federal Housing Administration
Public Housing Administration
Other
Veterans Administration
Other Independent Offices:
Export- Import Bank of Washington .
27
225
180
94
500
"l84
200
113
200
-4
80
58
*
93
*
28
2
51
2
*
13
4
31
2
47
1
*
2
18
30
Small Business Administration
50
21
4
260
38
1
300
35
4
*
Tennessee Valley Authority
Other
48
Total
7.988
5,292
5,335
213
308
165
"Less than one-half million dollars.
BORROWING AND INVESTMENTS
The Tennessee Valley Authority has authority to borrow $750
niilhon from the pubhc. The Federal Housing Administration has
an indefinite authorization to issue debentures to the public. Three
Table K-3. PUBLIC ENTERPRISE FUND BORROWING FROM THE PUBLIC
(in millions of dollars)
Description
Federal Housing Administration (Housing and Home Finance
Ag ;ncy ) . . . . _ .
Federal National Mortgage Association (Housing and Home
Finance Agency)
Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation (Farm Credit Administra-
tion)
Home Owners Loan Corporation (Home Loan Bank
Board)
Tennessee Valley Authority
Total borrowing from the public
*Less than one- half million dollars.
1961
actual
81
-797
_*
50
-666
1962
estimate
225
_*
_*
_*
150
375
1963
estimate
184
50
234
SPECIAL ANALYSES
361
other funds have previously borrowed from the pubHc and are con-
cluding the retiring of such borrowing, as shown in table K-3.
A few public enterprise funds are authorized to invest in Treasurj^
bonds or notes. Except for the Tennessee Valley Authority, this
practice is usually limited to insurance and guaranty funds, where
the amounts invested represent moneys received from the public and
reserved for possible claims. In addition, the Federal National
Mortgage Association acquires some FHA Government-guaranteed
debentures. These are shown in table K-4.
Table K-4. PUBLIC ENTERPRISE FUND PURCHASES OF U.S. SECURITIES
NET (in millions of dollars)
Description
Federal National Mortgage Association (Housing and Home
Finance Agency)
Federal Housing Administration (Housing and Home Finance
Agency)
Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (Federal Home
Loan Bank Board)
Tennessee Valley Authority
Veterans Administration: Veterans special-term insurance fund_
Total purchases of U.S. securities
1961
1962
actual
estimate
8
5
97
12
34
239
-12
64
22
-31
149
289
1963
estimate
10
79
271
-28
12
343
Borrowing and investment transactions of the public enterprise
funds are never included in receipts and expenditures, but they do
affect the "bridge" between the budget surplus and the change in
the public debt. Accordingly, the totals of table K-5 are carried
forward to table 8.
Table K-5. SUMMARY OF DEBT AND INVESTMENT TRANSACTIONS OF
PUBLIC ENTERPRISE FUNDS (in millions of dollars)
Description
1961
actual
1962
estimate
1963
estimate
Public enterprise fund borrowing from the public
375
234
Public enterprise fund purchases of U.S. securities
Public enterprise fund repayment of borrowing from the public. _
149
666
289
343
Total reductions in cash, debt, and investment items
815
289
343
Increase or decrease (— ) in cash due to debt and investment
transactions of public enterprise funds
-815
86
-109
INDEX
Accounts, Bureau of, 228-229
Administrative budget:
Explanation, 283
Summary, table 1 , 33
Surplus for 1 963, discussion, 8
Administrator's Office, Housing and Home
Finance Agency, 241-243
Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental
Relations, 249
Agricultural Library, National, 151
Agricultural Marketing Service, 142-143
Agricultural Research Service, 139-140
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation
Service, 144-145
Agriculture:
And agricultural resources:
Analysis of Fede-al activities and text
table (1961-63 expenditures and 1963
NOA by program or agency), 73-77
Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 1 10
Discussion, budget message, 15
NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distrib-
uted by agency, table 13, 1 04
Centennial Observance of, 151
Department of , 139-154
Aid to State and local governments. Federal:
Analysis, 340-347
Budget and trust fund expenditures:
1953-63, chart, 340
By agency, table H-1, 342
By agency and program, table H-3, 344-
347
Summary by function, table H-3, 347
Expenditures for, in relation to total Federal
expenditures and to State-local revenue,
1953-63, table H-2, 343'
Alaska, transitional grants to, 138
Alaska International Rail and Highway Com-
mission, 249
Alaska Railroad, 201
American Battle Monuments Commission, 250
American Printing House for the Blind, 191
Apprenticeship and Training, Bureau of, 217
Architect of the Capitol, 123-126
Area Redevelopment Administration, 1 55
Armed Forces, major active, summary of com-
position, text table, 62
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, U.S.,
263
Army, Department of the — Civil, 175-177
Assets (physical), loans, research, and other
developmental purposes, expenditures for,
chart (see also Investment, operating, and
other budget expenditures), 27
Atomic energy activities, 65-66
Atomic Ejiergy Commission, 234
Automation and Manpower, Office of, 216
B
Balance of payments and the budget, 25-26
Balances, trust fund, 1960-63, table A-5, 277
Balances of obligational authority, by agency
and type, table 1 7, 268
Benefits and services, veterans, see Veterans
benefits and services
Bonneville Power Administration, 210
Botanic Garden, 126
Budget:
And balance of payments, 25-26
And economic growth and stability, 24-25
And Federal capital outlays, 26-27
Bureau of the, 1 32
Three types of, explanation, 283-284
Budget and fiscal policy, 24-27
Budget dollar, where it comes from and where
it goes, chart, 32
Budget message of the President, 7-30
Budget surplus or deficit, 1 939-63, chart, 9
Budget surplus or deficit, 1789-1963, table 10,
42
Budget terms, explanation, 1 14-116, 283-284
Budget totals, chart, 6
Budget totals and public debt, 1789-1963,
table 10,42
Business activities. Commerce, 155-156
Business Economics, Office of, 156
Capital outlays, Federal, and the budget, 26-27
Cash, trust fund, changes in, table A-6, 278
Cash statement, consolidated, see Consolidated
cash statement.
Cemeterial expenses. Army — Civil, 1 75
Census, Bureau of the, 1 57
Central Intelligence Agency, 250
Civil Aeronautics Board, 250
Civil Rights, Commission of, 252
Civil Service Commission, 251-252
Civil War Centennial Commission, 256
Coal Research, Office of, 203
Coast and Geodetic Survey, 157-158
Coast Guard, 232-233
Commerce, Department of, 154-163
Commerce and transportation:
Analysis of Federal activities and text table
(1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by
program or agency), 81-84
Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 111
Discussion, budget message, 16-17
Expenditures, 1953-63, chart, 16
NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed
by agency, table 13, 105-106
Commercial Fisheries, Bureau of, 204-205
Commissioner's Office, Fish and Wildlife, 204
Commodity Credit Corporation, 146-148
362
INDEX
363
Commodity Exchange Authority, 1 44
Community development and housing, see
Housing and community development
Consolidated cash statement:
Analysis, 279-282
Explanation, 283
Summary, tables 5 and B-1, 37
Surplus for 1963, discussion, 8
Construction, public works and other, see
Public works and other construction.
Contingencies, allowance for pay adjustments
and other, 266
Contingencies, special allowance for, explana-
tion, 116
Cooperative State Experiment Stations Service,
140
Corps of Engineers — Civil, 175-177
Courts:
Appeals and district, 130-131
Claims, 129-130
Customs, 129
Customs and Patent Appeals, 1 29
Credit programs. Federal:
Analysis, 304-314
Disbursements and repayments, by agency
or program, table E-2, 308
New commitment authority, by type, agency,
or major program, table E-4, 31 1
New commitments, 1953-63, chart, 304
New commitments, by type of assistance,
major agency or program, table E-1, 306
Outstanding loans for major quasi-public
programs, by agency and program, table
E-6, 313
Outstanding loans, guarantees, and insurance,
by agency or program, table E-3, 310
Status of credit authority, by agency or
program, table E-5, 312
Customs, Bureau of, 230
D
Defense:
Civil. 64-65. 172-173
Department of —Civil, 1 75-1 79
Department of— Military. 56-65, 163-175
National:
Analysis of Federal activities and text
table (1961-63 expenditures and 1963
NOA by program or agency), 56-65
Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14.
110
Discussion, budget message, 11-12
NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distrib-
uted by agency, table 13. 103
Defense Department major military programs.
text table and discussion. 58-65
Defense materials activities. General Services
Administration. 239-240
Defense production, expansion of, 1 34
Defense-related activities, 67
Deficit or surplus, budget, 1939-63, chart, 9
Deficit or surplus, budget. 1789-1963. table 10.
42
Delaware River Basin Commission, 252
Disaster relief, 1 34
District of Columbia, 88, 265
Economic Advisers, Council of, 1 32
Economic assistance, foreign, 67-70, 135-137
Economic base of receipt and expenditure esti-
mates, 44-45
Economic growth and stability and the budget,
24-25
Economic Research Service, Agriculture, 142
Economy and efficiency in public service, pro-
posals to improve, 28-30
Education:
Analysis of Federal activities and text table
(1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by
program or agency), 93-96
Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 112
Discussion, budget message, 18
NOA and expenditures, 1961-63. distributed
by agency, table 13, 107
Office of. 180-182
Educational exchange. 70-71. 225-226
Efficiency and economy in public service, pro-
posals to improve. 28-30
Emergency Planning. Office of. 132-133
Employees' Compensation, Bureau of, 219
Employment, civilian, in executive branch, by
agency, table 9, 41
Employment Security, Bureau of, 217-219
Engraving and Printing. Bureau of, 232
Expenditures:
Budget:
Agriculture and agricultural resources,
discussion, 15
As percent of gross national product,
1938-63, chart, 11
By agency, for each appropriation and fund
account, analysis, 1 18-266
By agency, summary, table 3, 35
By function:
1953-60, table 14, 110-112
And receipts, summary, table 1 , 33
Discussion and text table, 10-18
Distributed by agency, 1961-63, table
13, 103-109
Commerce and transportation, discussion
and chart (1953-63), 16-17
Composition of, 1938-63, chart, 14
Domestic civil functions, discussion, 15-18
Education, discussion, 18
Explanation, 114
Health, labor, and welfare, discussion and
chart (1953-63), 17-18
Housing and community development, dis-
cussion, 17
International affairs and finance, discus-
sion, 13
Investment, operating, and other, dis-
tributed among subclassifications and
agencies, table D-2, 293-303
Investment, operating, and other, sum-
mary, tables 7 and D-1, 39, 292
National defense, discussion, 11-12
Natural resources, discussion, 15 16
Relation of authorizations to, table 15, 117
Space research and technology, discussion,
14-15
364
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Expenditures — Contiuued
Budget — Continued
Summary, 1789-63. table 10. 42
Totals, 1948-1963. chart. 6
Veterans benefits and services, discussion.
18
Budget dollar, where it goes, chart. 32
Economic base of estimates. 44-45
Deduction of certain receipts in determining,
explanation. 115
Federal, in national income accounts. 1961-
63, table C-2, 286
Federal, in national income accounts, relation
to budget and consolidated cash statement,
table C-3. 288
For aid to State and local governments, see
Aid to State and local governments. Federal
For physical assets, loans, research, and other
developmental purposes, chart. 27
For public works, see Public works and other
construction
For research and development, see Research
and development programs. Federal
Gross, and applicable receipts, public enter-
prise funds, by agency, table K-1, 359
National income basis, 1953-60, table C-1,
285
National income basis, summary, table 6, 38
Trust fund:
1953-60, table A-7, 278
Basis of, 276
By function, table A-1. 272
By fund, table A-1. 271-272
Revolving funds, expenditures, table A-2,
276
Summary, table 4, 36
Explanation of:
Administrative budget, consolidated cash
statement, and national income accounts
budget. 283-284
Major steps in financing a%ency activities.
114-116
NOA requests for each appropriation and
fund account, by agency, 1 1 8-266
Export-Import Bank of Washington. 252-253
Export programs, special. Agriculture, 145-146
Extension Service, 141
Farm Credit Administration, 253
Farmer Cooperative Service, 141
Farmers Home Administration, 149-150
Federal activities, analysis by function. 56-112
Federal aid to State and local governments, see
Aid to State and local governments, Federal
Federal Aviation Agency, 234-236
Federal Bureau of Investigation, 214
Federal Coal Mine Safety Board of Review, 253
Federal Communications Commission. 254
Federal credit programs, see Credit programs.
Federal
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, 149
Federal Home Loan Bank Board, 254
Federal Housing Administration, 245
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, 255
Federal National Mortgage Association, 244
Federal Power Commission, 255
Federal Prison System, 215
Federal statistical programs, principal, see
Statistical programs, principal Federal
Federal Trade Commission, 255
Finance, international, see International a^airs
and finance
Finances, Federal, 1959-63, summary, text
table, 8
Financial assistance, international. 67-70
Financing agency activities, explanation of
major steps in, 114-116
Fine Arts, Commission of, 252
Fiscal and budget policy, 24-27
Fish and Wildlife Service. 204-207
Food and Drug Administration. 179-180
Foreign affairs, administration of. 222-223
Foreign affairs, conduct of. 71
Foreign Agricultural Service. 143-144
Foreign assistance — economic. 67-70. 135-137
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, 255
Foreign currencies:
Availabilities and uses, analysis, 352-357
Available to meet U.S. requirements, 1963,
table J-2, 354
Cash availability of, table J-1 . 352
Special program appropriations — NOA. table
J-4. 356
Transactions — country uses, summary, table
J-6. 357
Transactions. U.S. uses, summary, table J-3,
355
U.S. uses without dollar controls, summary,
table J-5. 357
Foreign information and exchange activities.
70-71
Forest Service. 152-154
Franklin D. Roosevelt Memorial Commission,
256
Freedmen's Hospital, 191
Gallaudet College, 191
General Accounting Office, 256
General activities. General Services Administra-
tion, 240-241
General administration. Agriculture, 151
General administration. Commerce, 154-155
General Counsel's Office, Agriculture, 150
General government:
Analysis of Federal activities and text table
(1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by
program or agency) , 100-102
Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 113
NOA and expenditures. 1961-63, distributed
by agency, table 13. 108-109
General Services Administration. 236-241
Geological Survey, 202
Government Printing Office, 1 28
Gross national product, budget expenditures as
percent of. 1938-63, chart, 1 1
Gross national product, public debt as percent
of. 1938-63. chart, 23
INDEX
365
H
Health, Education, and Welfare, Department
of, 179-193
Health, labor, and welfare:
Analysis of Federal activities and text table
(1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by
program or agency) , 88-93
Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 112
Discussion, budget message, 17-18
Expenditures, 1953-63, chart, 17
NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed
by agency, table 13, 107
Health services and research, 88-90
Historical and memorial commissions, 256-257
House of Representatives, 120-123
Housing and community development:
Analysis of Federal activities and text table
(1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by
program or agency) , 85-88
Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, III
Discussion, budget message, 1 7
NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed
by agency, table 13, 106
Housing and Home Finance Agency, 241-245
Howard University, 192
I
Immigration and Naturalization Service, 214
Income accounts, national, see National income
accounts
Indian Affairs, Bureau of, 196-199
Indian Claims Commission, 257
Information Agency, U.S., 263-264
Information and exchange activities, foreign,
70-71
Information Office, Agriculture, 150-151
Inland Waterways Corporation, 158
Insurance and welfare, social, 91-93
Interest:
Analysis and text table, 99-100
Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 112
NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed
by agency, table 13, 1 08
Interior, Department of the, 194-213
Internal Revenue Service, 230-231
International affairs and finance:
Analysis of Federal activities and text table
(1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by
program or agency), 67-71
Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 110
Discussion, budget message, 13
NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed
by agency, table 13, 103-104
International commissions, 224-225
International financial institutions, 138
International Labor Affairs, Bureau of, 217
International organizations and conferences,
223-224
Interstate Commerce Commission, 257
Interstate Commission on the Potomac River
Basin, 257
Investment, operating, and other budget ex-
penditures:
Analysis, 290-303
Distributed among subclassifications and
agencies, table D-2, 293-303
Summary, tables 7 and D-1, 39, 292
Investments, public enterprise fund, table K-4,
361
Investments, trust fund, table A-4, 277
J
James Madison Memorial Commission, 256
Judiciary. The, 129-131
Justice, Department of, 213-215
Labor:
And manpower, 90-91
Department of, 216-220
Welfare, and health, see Health, labor, and
welfare
Labor-Management Reports, Bureau of, 217
Labor Standards, Bureau of, 217
Labor Statistics, Bureau of, 219
Land Management, Bureau of, 194-196
Legal activities and general administration,
Justice, 213-214
Legislation, proposed, 46-48
Legislative Branch, 118-128
Library of Congress, 126-128
M
Management improvement, expenses of, 1 34
Manpower and labor, 90-91
Maritime Administration, 158-159
Maritime Commission, Federal, 255
Military assistance, 175
Military construction, 170-172
Military personnel, 163-164
Military personnel and forces, summary of
composition, text table, 62
Military programs, major, text table and dis-
cussion, 58-65
Military reserve components, text table, 63
Minerals Exploration, Office of, 203
Minerals Mobilization, Office of, 204
Mines, Bureau of, 202-203
Mint, Bureau of, 231-232
N
Narcotics, Bureau of, 231
National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion, 246
National Aeronautics and Space Council, 132
National Capital Housing Authority, 257
National Capital Planning Commission, 258
National Capital Transportation Agency, 258
National defense, see Defense, national
National Gallery of Art, 262
366
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
National income accounts:
Federal activities in, analysis, 283-289
Federal activities in, summary, table 6, 38
Federal receipts and expenditures in, 1961-63,
table C-2, 286
Federal sector in. 1953-60, table C-l, 285
Federal sector in, relation to budget and con-
solidated cash statement, table C-3, 288
Surplus for 1963, discussion, 8
National Labor Relations Board, 258
National Mediation Board, 258
National Park Service, 199-201
National Science Foundation, 259
National Security Council, 132
Natural resources:
Analysis of Federal activitis and text table
(1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NO A by
program or agency), 77-80
Budget expenditures. 1953-60, table 14. Ill
Discussion, budget message, 15-16
NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed
by agency, table 13, 104-105
New obligational authority, see Obligational
authority
0
Obligational authority:
Balances of, by agency and type, table 1 7, 268
Balances of, explanation, 115-116
New:
And writeoffs of public enterprise funds,
by agency, table K-2, 360
By agency, for each appropriation and fund
account, with explanation of NOA re-
quests, 1 18-266
By agency, summary, table 2. 34
By function, distributed by agency,
1961-63, table 13, 103-109
Completeness of estimates for 1962 and
1963. 116
Discussion, budget message. 19
Explanation. 1 1 4
For civil public works, 1963. by agency,
table F-2, 316
For Federal space programs, by agency,
table G-3, 329
For public works, by major function,
agency organization unit, and program,
table F-6, 322-326
Relation to expenditures, table 15, 117
Special foreign currency programs, table
J-4, 356
Obligations:
Direct, for principal current statistical pro-
grams, by broad subject areas and by
agency, tables 1-1 and 1-2. 348. 350
Incurred, explanation, 114
Incurred, net. by agency, table 16, 267
Netting in determining, 1 15
Of Defense Department (military functions)
for research and development, table G-7,
333
Obligations — Continued
Of Federal agencies for medical and health-
related research, by agency, table G-4, 330
Of Federal agencies for oceanographic re-
search and surveys, by agency, table G-5.
330
Oil and Gas. Office of. 203
Operation and maintenance. Defense — Mili-
tary. 165-167
Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Com-
mission. 259
P
Panama Canal. 178
Patent Office. 160
Payments to and receipts from public, see
Receipts fiom and payments to public.
Peace Corps. 1 37
Personal property activities. General Services
Administration. 238
Post Office Department. 220-221
President of the United States:
Compensation of the. 131
Emergency fund for the, 1 34
Executive Office of the, 131-134
Funds appropriated to the, 134-139
President's Advisory Committee on Govern-
ment Organization, 1 33
President's Advisory Committee on Labor-
Management Policy, 133
Procurement, Defense— Military, 167-169
Proposed legislation, 46—48
Public, receipts from and payments to, see
Receipts from and payments to public
Public, trust fund borrowing from, table A-3,
276
Public debt:
And budget totals. 1789-1963. table 10, 42
As percent of gross national product, 1938-63,
chart. 23
"Bridge" from budget surplus or deficit to
change in public debt, table 8, 40
Bureau of the, 229
Compared with statutory limitation, table 8,
40
Discussion and text table, budget message,
22-24
Public enterprise funds:
Analysis of operations, 358-361
Borrowing from the public, table K-3, 360
Gross expenditures and applicable receipts
by agency, table K-1. 359
NOA and writeoffs of, by agency, table K-2,
360
Purchases of U.S. securities, net, table K-4.
361
Summary of debt and investment transac-
tions, table K-5, 361
Public Health Service, 183-188
Public Housing Administration. 245
Public Roads, Bureau of, 160-161
Public service, efficiency and economy in, pro-
posals to improve, 28-30
INDEX
367
f'ublic works and other construction:
Analysis of Federal activities, 315-326
Civil and national defense, NOA and ex-
penditures by major function, agency or-
ganization unit, and program, table F-6,
322-326
Civil public works, estimated cost of 1963
direct Federal, by continuing and new
work, table F-3, 317
Civil public works, expenditures and 1963
NOA for, by agency, table F-2, 316
Direct Federal public works, reserve of pres-
ently authorized projects and programs
for undertaking after 1963, table F-4, 319
Federal expenditures for public works, 1954-
63, table F-1, 315
Water resources and related developments,
budget expenditures for, table F-5, 320
R
Railroad Retirement Board, 259
Real property activities. General Services Ad-
ministration, 236-237
Receipts:
Applicable, and gross expenditures, public
enterprise funds, by agency, table K-1 , 359
Budget:
And expenditures (by function), summary,
table I, 33
By source, analysis and text tables 20,
44-53
By sources detailed list, table 1 1 , 49-53
Discussion, budget message, 19-22
Estimated effect of proposed legislation on,
text table, 48
Summary, 1789-1963. table 10, 42
Summary. 1953-60, table 12, 54
Tax rates, extension of present, 21
Tax reform proposals, 20-21
Totals, 1948-63. chart, 6
Transportation tax and user charges, 21-22
Budget dollar, where it comes from, chart, 32
Deduction of certain receipts in determining
expenditures, explanation, 115
Economic base of estimates, 44-45
Federal, in national income accounts,
1961-63, table C-2, 286
Federal, in national income accounts, relation
to budget and consolidated cash statement,
table C-3. 288
From and payments to public. Federal:
Analysis, 279-282
Derivation, table B-2, 281
Summary, 1953-60, table B-3. 282
Summary, 1961-63, tables 5 and B-1 , 37,
280
National income basis, 1953-60, table C-1,
285
National income basis, summary, table 6, 38
Trust fund:
Basis of, 276
By fund, table A-1, 270
Revolving funds, applicable receipts, table
A-2, 276
Summary, table 4, 36
Reclamation, Bureau of, 207-210
Records activities. General Services Adminis-
tration, 239
Renegotiation Board, 260
Research:
And services, health, 88-90
And technology, space, see Space research and
technology.
Development, test, and evaluation, Defense —
Military, 169-170
Research and development programs. Federal:
Analysis of Federal expenditures, 1961-63,
327-339
Atomic Energy Commission, expenditures
for, 335
Defense Department, expenditures and obli-
gations for, tables G-6 and G-7, 332, 333
Estimated 1963 expenditures, chart, and
1961-63 total expenditures by purpose,
table G-1, 327
Federal expenditures divided between na-
tional defense and other programs, 1 953-63,
table G-2, 328
Medical and health-related, obligations for,
table C-4, 330
National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion, expenditures for, table G-8, 334
Net budget expenditures, by agency, table
G-10, 338-339
Oceanographic research and surveys, obliga-
tions for, table G-5, 330
Space, NOA for, table G-3. 329
Reserve components, military, text table, 63
Resources, agriculture and agricultural, see
Agriculture and agricultural resources
Resources, natural, see Natural resources
Revenues, estimated changes in, 45-46
Revolving and management funds, Defense —
Military, 173-175
Rural Electrification Administration, 149
Ryukyu Islands, Army, 177-178
Saint Elizabeths Hospital, 189
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corpora-
tion, 260
Saline Water, Office of, 211
Secret Service, U.S., 231
Secretary, Office of the:
Health. Education, and Welfare, 192-193
Interior, 211-212
Labor, 216
Treasury, 227-228
Securities, U.S., public enterprise fund pur-
chases, table K-4, 361
Securities, U.S.. trust fund purchases, table
A-4, 277
Securities and Exchange Commission, 260
Selective Service System, 260
Senate. 118-120
Small Business Administration, 260-261
Smithsonian Institution, 261-262
Social insurance and welfare, 91-93
Social Security Administration, 189-191
Soil Conservation Service, 141
368
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963
Soldiers' Home, U.S.. 177
Solicitor's Office, Interior, 21 1
Solicitor's Office, Labor, 217
Southeastern Power Administration, 210
Southwestern Power Administration, 21 1
Space research and technology:
Analysis of Federal activities and text table
(1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by
program), 71-73
Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 110
Discussion, budget message, 14-15
NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed
by agency, table 13, 104
Special projects. White House Office, 132
Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Bureau of, 205-207
Standards, National Bureau of, 161-162
State, Department of, 222-227
Statistical programs, principal Federal:
Analysis, 348-351
Direct obligations for, by agency, table 1-2,
350
Direct obligations for, by broad subject areas,
table 1-1. 348
Statistical Reporting Service, Agriculture, 142
Statutory limitation compared with public debt,
table 8. 40
Study commissions, U.S. — Southeast River
Basins and Texas, 264
Subversive Activities Control Board, 262
Summary tables:
Budget expenditures, by agency, table 3, 35
Budget expenditures, investment, operating,
and other, table 7, 39
Budget receipts and expenditures (by func-
tion), table 1,33
Budget totals and public debt, 1789-1963,
table 10. 42
Consolidated cash statement, table 5, 37
Employment, civilian, in executive branch,
by agency, table 9, 41
Federal finances, 1959-63, 8
National income accounts. Federal activities
in, table 6, 38
NOA, by agency, table 2. 34
Publicdebt. tables, 40
Receipts from and payments to public. Fed-
eral, table 5, 37
Trust fund receipts and expenditures, table
4,36
Supreme Court of the United States, 129
Surplus or deficit, budget, 1939-63, chart, 9
Surplus or deficit, budyet, 1789-1963, table 10.
42
T
Tariff Commission, 262
Tax Court of the United States, 262
Tax rates, extension of present, 21, 47
Tax reform proposals. 20-21, 46-47
Tennessee Valley Authority. 263
Territories, Office of. 201
Translation of publications and scientific co-
operation, 138
Transportation and commerce, see Commerce
and transportation
Transportation and communications activities,
General Services Administration. 239
Transportation tax, 21-22, 47-48
Treasurer, Office of the, 229-230
Treasury Department. 227-233
Trust funds:
Balances, 1960-63, table A-5, 277
Basis of receipts and expenditures, 276
Borrowing from the public, table A-3, 276
Cash, changes in, table A-6. 278
Expenditures, 1953-60, table A-7, 278
Expenditures by function, table A-1, 272
Major, number of recipients of monthly bene-
fits from, text table, 273
Operations and status, analysis, 270-278
Purchases of U.S. securities, table A-4, 277
Receipts and expenditures, by fund, table A-1 ,
270-272
Receipts and expenditures, summary, table 4,
36
Revolving, expenditures and applicable re-
ceipts, table A-2, 276
Total transactions, text table, 270
Totals, 1948-63, chart, 6
U
United States Arms Control and Disarmament
Agency, 263
United States Information Agency, 263-264
United States Secret Service. 231
United States Soldiers' Home, 1 77
U.S. Study Commissions — Southeast River
Basins and Texas, 264
User charges, transportation, 21-22, 47-48
Utilization and disposal activities. General
Services Administration, 239-240
Veterans Administration. 247-249
Veterans benefits and services:
Analysis of Federal activities and text table
(1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by
program or agency), 96-99
Budget expenditures. 1953-60, table 14, 112
Discussion, budget message. 1 8
NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed
by agency, table 13, 108
Veterans Reemployment Rights, Bureau of,
217
Virgin Islands Corporation. 212-213
Vocational Rehabilitation. Office of. 182-183
W
Wage and Hour Division. 220
Weather Bureau, 162-163
Welfare and insurance, social, 91-93
Welfare, labor, and health, 5ee Health, labor.
and welfare
White House Office. 131
Women's Bureau, 219
I
o
EDGE INDEX
Budget Message
of the President
Summary Tables
Budget Receipts
Federal Program
by Function
Analysis of Federal
Activities
Legislative Branch
Judiciary
Executive Office
of the President
Funds
Appropriated to
the President
Atomic Energy
Commission
Federal Aviation
Agency
General Services
Administration
Housing and Home l>-
Finance Agency I m
12 D
< =]
Q- ri
Veterans Admin.
Other Independent
Agencies
District of
Columbia
^ I Allowances for
>- 1 I Pay Adjustments and
HOW TO USE
lUE EDGE INDEX
Agriculture
Commerce
Defense — Military
Defense — Civil
and Welfare
Interior
Justice
Post Office
Treasury
Operations and Status
< I Receipts From and
> >■ I Payments To Public
O I Activities in National
2 f I Income Accounts
Investment, Operating,
and Other
Q O I Budget Expenditures
Activities in Public
R. & D. Programs
[^ ^ I Aid to State and
>■ I Local Governments
I I Principal Statistical
I Programs
Foreign Currency
Availabilities & Uses
Public Enterprise
Fund Operations
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